cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictive validity of two process-of-care quality measures for residential substance use disorder treatment

In order to monitor and ultimately improve the quality of addiction treatment, professional societies, health care systems, and addiction treatment programs must establish clinical practice standards and then operationalize these standards into reliable, valid, and feasible quality measures. Before being implemented, quality measures should undergo tests of validity, including predictive validity. Predictive validity refers to the association between process-of-care quality measures and subsequent patient outcomes. This study evaluated the predictive validity of two process quality measures of residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Washington Circle (WC) Continuity of Care quality measure is the proportion of patients having an outpatient SUD treatment encounter within 14 days after discharge from residential SUD treatment. The Early Discharge measure is the proportion of patients admitted to residential SUD treatment who discharged within 1 week of admission. The predictive validity of these process measures was evaluated in US Veterans Health Administration patients for whom utilization-based outcome and 2-year mortality data were available. Propensity score-weighted, mixed effects regression adjusted for pre-index imbalances between patients who did and did not meet the measures’ criteria and clustering of patients within facilities. For the WC Continuity of Care measure, 76 % of 10,064 patients had a follow-up visit within 14 days of discharge. In propensity score-weighted models, patients who had a follow-up visit had a lower 2-year mortality rate [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, p = 0.008], but no difference in subsequent detoxification episodes relative to patients without a follow-up visit. For the Early Discharge measure, 9.6 % of 10,176 discharged early and had significantly higher 2-year mortality (OR = 1.49, p < 0.001) and more subsequent detoxification episodes. These two measures of residential SUD treatment quality have strong associations with 2-year mortality and the Early Discharge measure is also associated with more subsequent detoxification episodes. These results provide initial support for the predictive validity of residential SUD treatment quality measures and represent the first time that any SUD quality measure has been shown to predict subsequent mortality.
Latest Miocene benthic δ 18 O changes, global ice volume, sea level and the ‘Messinian salinity crisis’

Oxygen isotope evidence indicates high but variable δ18O values in benthic foraminiferal calcite during the latest Miocene and earliest Pliocene. These high values may represent increases in global ice volume and associated sea-level fall. The δ18O record resembles glacial/interglacial cycles, but with only one-third the amplitude of the late Pleistocene signal. This variability may reflect instability in the Antarctic ice sheet, and palaeomagnetic correlation points to an isotopic event coinciding with the isolation and desiccation of the Mediterranean basin during the latest Messinian.
Adhesion of frog pronephric tumor cells to normal cells cultivated on microcarrier beads

The processes of cell adhesion and active spreading were assessed between frog normal pronephric, pronephric tumor and heterologous liver cells. Confluent monolayers were developed on collagen-coated microcarrier beads, then exposed to homologous or heterologous cells and cultivated with a rotary (orbital) flask culture technique at 23°C. All three cell lines attach and actively spread on the collagen-coated microcarrier beads. Secondary attachment of normal (non-transformed) proliferating cells to their confluent monolayers occurs but cell spreading is restrained. Dissociated pronephric tumor cells adhere and actively spread on the surfaces of normal pronephric cells, and eventually encapsulate them. Normal pronephric cells do not adhere readily to the cell surfaces of pronephric tumor cells grown on microcarrier beads. Tumor cells also attach, actively spread and overgrow heterologous liver cells attached to microcarrier beads. Suboptimal temperatures (17°C) slow tumor cell attachment and spreading on normal cells. Colder temperature (8°C) permits tumor cell attachment and adhesion to normal cell-coated beads but active cell spreading is prohibited. The same temperature retards cell spreading directly on the collagen-coated beads.
Derivation of Friction Torque-Speed Relation Due to Viscoelastic Contact in a Two-Disk Brake

Using a nonlinear model of a two disk brake system, coupled equations of motion are found for their frictional interaction. The mathematical formulation relates the tribological events at micron-scale and the macroscopic scale vibration response of a two-disk brake system. This is accomplished by a visco-elastic account of interaction at the micron scale, its statistical quantification through the approximate analytical representation of the statistical expectation of contact force and the introduction of the contact force into the macro-scale dynamics of the two-disk system. Steady-state analysis of the system establishes the relation between friction torque and speed and supports observed behavior of many mechanical systems with friction. It is shown that, as a result of coupling of the macro-system’s dynamics and contact, there are combinations of parameters at the micro-and macro-scale that yield negative slope in friction torque/sliding speed relation, a well known source of dynamic instability. This results in an effective negative damping that tends to decrease with decrease in the normal load and/or increase in structural damping of the system.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Reading habits and attitudes of adults at different levels of education and occupation

Abstract Eighty‐four adults, employed in a wide variety of occupations and participating in a longitudinal study of reading skills development, completed questionnaires concerning their reading attitudes, reading habits, and perceptions about reading. Both adults with more education and adults employed in higher‐status occupations were found to have more positive attitudes toward reading and to spend more time reading. Also, adults with more education rated their own reading ability higher than did those with less education. There were, however, no educational or occupational group differences In regards to reading interests. Adults with more education also employ more sophisticated “models” of reading In considering how good and poor readers differ. Implications regarding literacy education are discussed.
The fate of fragments of liver implanted in ectopic sites.

Implanted fragments of liver in ectopic sites do not survive. The failure of survival is associated with lack of vascularization. This results in necrosis of coagulative type which later is replaced by connective tissue. An invasion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes can enhance the rate of this process. Regenerative stimuli such as partial hepatectomy do not change this sequence of events. The lack of vascularization of implants may be due to failure of eliciting an invasive vascular phenomenon which is seen in the implanted fragments of those tissues that survive in ectopic sites.
Separation of the refractory powder in the flame-guniting of converters

An analysis of the deposition of the refractory particles on the converter lining in cyclonic-flame guniting revealed the presence of a conspicuous maximum deposition which coincided with the site of the peak depositions in a “hot” converter model and in a real 130-ton converter.
Macroeconomic implications of the government budget: Some basic considerations

Abstract We study the implications of changing the money/bonds ratio in a highly stylized model with Sidrauski-type families and non-synchronous, staggered price setting. We show that if the interest elasticity of the demand for money is less than unity, an open market sale that permanently increases the bonds/money ratio results in lower welfare, no matter how strong is its impact on reducing the short-run rate of inflation; in addition, we also show, using simulation analysis, the possibility that the short-run output loss of such an experiment may be extremely large.
Snakes in domineering games

Goran Andersson’s game of Domineering [2, p. 1151 (a.k.a. Dominoes [3, p. 741 or Cross-Cram [4]) is played on any subset of the squares of a graph paper. A Left move consists of placing a domino vertically; removing two squares. Right places dominoes horizontally. A player unable to move loses. In this paper we characterize (m, n)-snake positions which are formed by alternately traveling m squares across, n squares down. We also characterize another repeating chain motivated by Berlekamp Cl] for its relationship to 3 x n Domineering. For an introduction to combinatorial game theory, see [2, 31. In particular, the following concepts are assumed: l definition of game [2, p. 211, l sums and negatives of games [2, p. 331, 0 3,>,=[2, p. 341, l numbers [2, p. 21-241 and * 12, p. 40-411 (note that ~*2~fn+ *.), l number avoidance theorem [2, p. 1441.
Etoposide plus G-CSF priming compared with G-CSF alone in patients with lymphoma improves mobilization without an increased risk of secondary myelodysplasia and leukemia

The use of etoposide (VP-16) for stem cell mobilization has been reported as a significant risk factor for the development of therapy-related myelodysplasia/therapy-related AML (tMDS/tAML) after transplantation. We compared the safety and effectiveness of VP-16+G-CSF (VP+G) to G-CSF alone for PBPC mobilization in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent autologous transplantation at the Cleveland Clinic and Ohio State University. In the VP+G group, median total CD34+ cells collected were 9.34 × 10(6) per kg (range 0.97-180.89), with 42% of all patients having adequate (2 × 10(6) cells per kg) CD 34+ collection after 2 days of apheresis compared with a median in the G-CSF group of 3.83 × 10(6) per kg (range, 0.72-50.38), with only 16% patients having adequate collection after 2 days (P<0.001). tMDS/tAML occurred in 15 patients (2.3%) in the VP+G and in 12 patients (3.8%) receiving G-CSF alone. (P=0.62). Increased number of days of apheresis was associated with the risk of tMDS/tAML (hazard ratio (HR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.30, P<0.001). Priming regimen was not a significant variable for relapse-free survival or OS. The addition of etoposide significantly improves the effectiveness of mobilization at the cost of an increased incidence of neutropenic fever though with no mortalities. There is no evidence of increased incidence of tMDS/tAML in patients receiving VP+G compared with those mobilized with G-CSF alone.
Instructional design strategies for rule attainment in fifth-grade students

Abstract Fifth graders read lessons dealing with a geometry rule. Half of the subjects also received preinstruction on the concepts related in the rule prior to studying the rule itself. The preinstruction presented the concepts in either (a) a logical order with relationships among the concepts stressed (integrative lesson) or (b) a random order with no mention of how the concepts were related (nonintegrative lesson). Learning was measured on a rule attainment test designed to assess subjects' knowledge of and ability to apply the rule. Results showed that only subjects receiving preinstruction on the concepts prior to rule instruction performed significantly better than a control group that received no instruction on either the concepts or the rule. There was no significant difference in performance between subjects reading integrative concept-teaching lessons and subjects reading nonintegrative concept-teaching lessons.
Reactions of Stable Silylenes with Organic Azides

Reactions of N-heterocyclic stable silylenes 1 and 2 with various organic azides have been studied. Silylene 1 reacts with RN3 (R = phenyl, p-tolyl, Ph3C, Ph3Si) to yield the spirocyclic silatetrazolines 11−14. Silylene 2 reacts similarly to give derivatives 16−19, except that with R = p-tolyl a small amount of a μ2-azine-bridged tricyclic product 20 is also formed. The products are consistent with reactions proceeding through an unstable iminosilane intermediate. A definitive crystal structure for 2 is reported.
Business Cycle Fluctuations, Large Macroeconomic Shocks, and Development Aid

Abstract We examine the cyclical properties of development aid using bilateral data for 22 donors and 113 recipients during 1970–2005. We find that bilateral aid flows are on average procyclical with respect to the business cycle in both donor and recipient countries. While aid outlays contract sharply during severe downturns in donor countries, they rise steeply when aid-receiving countries experience large adverse shocks. Our findings suggest that development aid may play an important cushioning role in developing countries, but only during times of severe macroeconomic stress. Our results are robust to alternate definitions of aid flows, specifications, and estimation techniques.
The effect of soil lead sorption capacity on the uptake of lead by corn

Abstract Lead uptake by four‐week‐old corn shoots grown in Fb‐amended soils was found to be dependent upon the level of Pb in the soil relative to the soil's capacity to sorb Pb. At a given level of added Pb, lead uptake by plants was found to decrease with an increase in soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and available phosphorus.
Phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography for mapping tissue microstrains in real time

The authors present a phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (PSOCE) approach to image instantaneous tissue deformations, strain rates, and strains of soft tissue in real time with sensitivity at the nanometer scale. This method exploits the phase information available in the complex optical coherence tomography images and measures the phase changes between the successive B scans to resolve the instantaneous tissue deformations. The PSOCE system described is capable of producing localized microstrain rate and strain maps of tissue subjected to a dynamic compression in real time. They show that this approach is capable of resolving deformations as small as 0.26nm.
SERUM-FREE-FATTY-ACIDS AND THEIR RELATION TO COMPLICATIONS AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Abstract Serum-free-fatty-acid (F.F.A.) concentrations were measured in seventy-eight patients within 24 hours of the onset of an acute myocardial infarction to learn whether these levels were predictive for the development of complications or death. Serum-F.F.A. levels were also determined whenever possible on fasting specimens drawn 1 day after admission, on the 5th day, 3 weeks after admission, and at the time of any complication. There was no relationship between the initial levels of serum-F.F.A. and the development of arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, or late deaths. Congestive heart-failure, persistent chest pain, and embolic incidents, likewise could not be predicted by the initial serum-F.F.A. However, the serum-F.F.A. tended to be elevated at the time that complications developed throughout the hospital course. This was true for frequent premature atrial contractions, ventricular arrhythmias, heart-block with atrioventricular junctional rhythms, persistent chest pain, congestive heart-failure, and death. On the other hand, serum-F.F.A. were not necessarily elevated in those patients who exhibited poor peripheral perfusion (" shock syndrome "). The elevation of serum-F.F.A. at the time of complications may thus perhaps be related to increased catecholamines in the most severely ill patients but the data does not support any independent adverse effects of the increased serum-F.F.A.
Ultrastructure of developing kidney glomerular basement membranes: Temporal changes in binding of anti‐laminin lgG and cationized ferritin

In vivo labeling of infant rat and mouse glomerular basement membranes (GBMs) with polyclonal anti-laminin IgGs results in binding across the full widths of GBMs at all stages of development. These stages include the pre-fusion, double basement membranes found beneath endothelial cells and podocytes in early glomeruli, and the subepithelial matrix outpockets where newly synthesized GBM is spliced into fused basement membrane during glomerular maturation. Identical binding results are obtained either with peroxidase or post-embedding immunogold techniques. Although injected cationized ferritin also binds abundantly to all developing GBMs, it quickly disappears and, 24 hours after injection, is generally absent from GBMs but remains within mesangial matrices. Injection of newborn mice with monoclonal anti-laminin IgGs results in dense labeling of pre-fusion GBMs but post-fusion GBMs and subepithelial outpockets are weak-negative. Although masking can not be excluded, these results indicate that laminin epitopes are removed during GBM fusion and splicing, either by isoform substitution or proteolytic processing. The loss of bound cationized ferritin is believed to occur mainly through rapid turnover of GBM proteoglycans. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
In Defense of Monopoly

Monopoly often only an attempt to solve a problem, 524. — The "classical" argument against monopoly, 525. — Its limitations, 525. — The role of deflation in the development of monopoly, 527. — Price flexibility and spiral effects, 530. — Wages and employment, 533. — The fear of deflation, 534. — Saving, 536. — Competition vs. deflation, 537. — Non-price competition, 538. — Advertising, 540. — Control of deflation, 540. — Other grounds for monopolistic trends, 541.
Pressure profiles show features essential to aerodynamic valving in geese.

Abstract Inspiratory airflow in the avian lung completely bypasses the most cranial secondary bronchi (the ventrobronchi), and instead enters bronchi arising more caudally (the dorsobronchi). Dotterweich (1936) proposed that ‘aerodynamic valves’ prevented entry into the ventrobronchi. We have recently provided evidence that inspiratory aerodynamic valving in avian lungs depends on convective inertia in the primary bronchus (Banzett et al., 1987). Theoretical and physical models (Butler et al., 1988; Wang et al., 1988) showed that convective inertia could effect valving, but the effectiveness of valving at resting flows was less than that observed in the bird. This leads us to hypothesize that a segment of the primary bronchus is constricted, accelerating the gas and enhancing the convective inertia. To test this hypothesis in the present work we measured pressures throughout the airways and air sacs in anesthetized, pump-ventilated geese at different flow rates and gas densities. Our data show: (1) there is a large pressure drop in the primary bronchus close to the ventrobronchial junction, indicating the presence of a constriction; (2) this pressure drop increases with gas density and flow; (3) the convective inertia at this site is more than 10 times downstream opposing pressures. We conclude that the primary bronchus just cranial to the first ventrobronchus forms a constriction which accelerates inspired air. Furthermore, we conclude that the convective inertia of gas leaving this segment is sufficient to achieve inspiratory valving.
Measurements of molar heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a)☆

Abstract The molar heat capacity at constant volume was measured by applying an adiabatic method. Heat capacities at 310 state conditions were measured. Measurements were made on liquid in equilibrium with its vapour, and on compressed liquid samples of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), at temperatures from 172 to 343 K with pressures as high as 35 MPa. In the course of these measurements, a determination of the triple point temperature (169.85 ± 0.01 K) was made. For the high purity (0.9999 +) sample, results were obtained for two-phase ( C v (2) ), saturated liquid (C σ ) and single-phase ( C v ) molar heat capacities as a function of measured temperature,pressure and density. The maximum probable uncertainty of the heat capacity values is estimated not exceed ±0.5%.
Road to Perdition

The 2011-12 U.S. presidential campaign was the most expensive and broadly troubling contest in the country’s history. “Perdition” provides a doubly apt metaphor for assessing its place in cultural history. The gangster film “Road to Perdition” (2002), a “blood” or “revenge” tragedy, captures the sense of inter-necine warfare that the GOP primary and caucus battles enacted. John Milton’s “Paradise Lost” (1667) parallels the public’s sense of the country’s descent into a state of darkened disgust and despair. The unexpected con-sequences of the ‘70s party structural reforms, the fracturing of the Republican base in the 2010 bi-election, the number of increasingly acrid GOP debates, and the sheer amount of money spent by candidates, PACs, and especially anonymous superPACs during the electoral contest are explored as accounts for the aptness of the metaphors. Calls for reform complete the analysis.
Localized gastric varices: mimicry leading to endoscopic misinterpretation

Although Sutton and co-workers l described only 53 cases of splenic vein thrombosis in their review of the literature from 1900 to 1968, increased emphasis on diagnostic investigations of the portal system has led to a dramatic increase in the number of reports in the past decade.~-4 Most frequently, gastric portal hypertension from splenic vein thrombosis is the result of the anatomical susceptibility of the splenic vein as it courses along the superior-posterior surface of the gland to extension of pancreatic pathology.n,n As a result, collaterals develop through the short gastric and gastroepiploic veins, creating a localization of gastric varices along the greater curvature and extending into the gastric cardia. This vascular abnormality may create difficulty in the diagnosis as it may appear as a "pseudo tumor" both radiologically and endoscopically.' ~l This case report emphasizes the necessity to include isolated gastric varices in the differential diagnosis of lesions of the gastric fundus or cardia presenting as polypoid masses or localized hypertrophic rugae.
C, P, T and general first and second order partial differential relativistic wave equations

Abstract The extended Lorentz group, which contains space and time inversions, is extended by the two element group Z2; so that representations of the resulting group, called the full Lorentz group L , describe integral or half integral spin states. Some of these representations are finite-dimensional, while others have infinite dimensions. The full Poincare group P is constructed as the semiproduct of L with the translational group J . The main hypothesis is that single particle systems form representations of P . First or second order partial differential relativistic wave equations are used to project out those subspaces to whose vectors single physical particle states may be assigned. Under a set of hypotheses originating from heuristic arguments, solutions of wave equations are shown to possess the transformation properties of free particle states under P , so that the assignment of physical states to solutions is meaningful. Since parity and time-inversion are elements of P , wave equations are automatically invariant under them. Parities of particles are found to be ±1 or ±i. A “Poincare invariant” exists so that distinct particle states are orthogonal. In all those equations having particle anti-particle pairs, a charge conjugation operator can always be defined.
Steady-state ionization-balance calculations for a selenium plasma

A steady-state model is used to calculate the ionization balance for a selenium plasma at electron temperatures where the Ne-like stage is dominant. In this model, the ion distribution and free-electron density are calculated for a specified particle density and temperature. In addition, each state of a given ion is connected to appropriate states of the same ion by excitation and deexcitation and connected to the appropriate states of adjacent ions by ionization and recombination. Excited states including autoionizing states are treated explicitly. Rate coefficients for all processes are based consistently on atomic-structure calculations. The calculations indicate that hundreds of electron configurations are necessary to obtain suitable results and that electron configurations must be included consistently across ion stages. Autoionizing states are shown to be the major influence in determining the ionization balance. The use of plane-wave Born collision strengths instead of better distorted-wave collision strengths appears to have a negligible effect on the overall ion stage distribution at moderate densities. The results may explain why F-like lasing transitions were not observed in the experiments by Matthews et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 110 (1985)].
1–3 β-D-glucan: From Diagnosis to Prognosis

There are increasing numbers of patients at risk for invasive fungal infections (IFI). The early diagnosis of IFI’s is limited by the lack of sensitivity and delayed turn-around time of routine cultures. Delays in diagnosis are associated with poor outcomes, especially with immunocompromised hosts and patients within the intensive care unit (ICU). Over the last decade, fungal biomarkers such as galactomannan and 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG) have been increasingly utilized for the early and accurate diagnosis of these infections. This review will evaluate the recent clinical data on the BDG assay, focusing on its ability to assist in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in the ICU, and also whether BDG kinetics can predict the prognosis of the patient. Similarly, this review will evaluate BDG in invasive Aspergillus and Pneumocystis jiroveci diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the current limitations of the assay.
Kaon dispersion relation and flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Within the framework of a relativistic transport model (ART) for heavy-ion collisions at AGS energies, we examine the effects of a kaon dispersion relation on the transverse flow of kaons and their transverse momentum and azimuthal angle distributions. We find that the transverse flow is the most sensitive observable for studying the kaon dispersion relation in dense medium. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Coexpression of Serotonin and Nitric Oxide in the Raphe Complex: Cortical Versus Subcortical Circuit

Several lines of evidence have implicated a direct reciprocal interaction between serotonin and nitric oxide (NO). The goal of this investigation was, therefore, to examine the coexpression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH; the rate limiting enzyme for the synthesis of serotonin) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in the ascending cortical projecting raphe nuclei (B6-B9 subgroups), when compared with the descending spinal cord projecting raphe nuclei (B1-B3 subgroups). Our data demonstrated that: (1) a significant number of raphe-cortical projecting neurons was identified not only in the midline subgroup of dorsal raphe (B6, 7) but also in the median raphe (B8), as well as in the supralemniscal nucleus (B9); (2) serotonergic cortical projecting neurons from these three raphe nuclei exhibited a high (>80%) percentage of coexpression with nNOS immunoreactivity; (3) similarly, serotonin transporter immunoreactive fibers in the medial prefrontal cortex were also double-labeled with nNOS immunoreactivity; (4) in contrast, the descending spinal cord projecting raphe nuclei revealed only TPH but not nNOS immunoreactivity. Our present findings suggest the existence of a direct interaction between serotonin and NO in the ascending cortical projecting raphe system. In contrast, a different strategy appears to operate the descending spinal cord projecting raphe system.
A characterization theorem for tilings having countably many singular points

LetT be a tiling of the plane. At most countably many points of U{bdry T∶ T inT} fail to lie in a nondegenerate edge ofT if and only ifT has at most countably many singular points. The result fails without the requirement that the edges be nondegenerate. Moreover, “countably many” cannot be replaced by “finitely many” in the theorem.
A surface contact drifter for measurement of near-surface salinity, temperature and sea state

Ocean Surface Salinity: The importance of ocean surface salinity in terms of the hydro-logical cycle and meridional overturning circulation has long been recognized. Understanding these processes is important for characterizing climate and climate variability (Boyer et al., 2007). Sea surface salinity (SSS) appears to be a particularly sensitive indicator of changes in the water cycle (Curry et al., 2003; Durack and Wijffels, 2010).
U.S. cities less susceptible to water scarcity than previously thought

The past few years have seen powerful droughts across the United States, with water shortages threatening crop production, shipping traffic, energy production, and groundwater stores. Water scarcity issues are particularly relevant for those living in cities, a demographic that now includes roughly four out of five Americans. Previous research has tallied average daily water needs, estimated at 600 liters per person per day, and the availability of natural renewable water resources. The results suggest that up to 47% of the U.S. population is vulnerable to water scarcity issues. In many cases, urban water managers cope with natural variability through the use of infrastructure designed to pump, import, or store freshwater. Nationwide water resource assessments, however, overlook such infrastructure-based approaches to water management, instead assessing only water derived from local streamflow, runoff, or groundwater storage.
ticTOCs: A New Service for “Keeping Current”

ticTOCs, a new journal table of contents service, provides users a free resource for managing RSS feeds for new content from selected journals. This service could be used as a complement and in some cases as an alternative to other table of contents providers. Using RSS feeds provided by publishers, ticTOCs provides an easy-to-use interface for finding, viewing, and saving current tables of contents. The service also provides OPML (Outline Processor Markup Language) file exports so that users can incorporate the feeds they find in ticTOCs into a feed reader of their choice.
Interferon-like inhibitor and lysosomal enzyme induced in mice injected with endotoxin.

WHEN bacterial endotoxin is injected intravenously into mice, an interferon-like vital inhibitor1 and lysosomal enzyme2 can be detected in the plasma. It was suggested that lysosomes are a major target of endotoxin in tissue damage3–5, and it seemed interesting to investigate whether the antiviral activity and the activity of a lysosomal enzyme follow the same pattern of appearance on injection of endotoxin. If this were the case, it would suggest that the viral inhibitor induced by endotoxin can also be released from lysosomes.
The U1 snRNA gene repeat from the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus): the 70 kilobase tandem repeat ends directly 3' to a U1 gene

Lambda phage clones containing multiple copies of the 1.1 kb tandemly repeated unit of the sea urchin (S. purpuratus) U1 RNA genes were isolated from a gene library. The 1.1 kb repeat unit encodes a single copy of the predominant U1 RNA expressed in oocytes and embryos prior to the blastula stage. The tandem repeat unit is about 80 kb in size and is probably present one time per haploid genome as judged by pulsed-field electrophoresis of sperm DNA digested with restriction enzymes which do not cut in the repeat unit. Two of the phage contained DNA flanking the repeat unit as well as several repeat units. The tandem repeat unit ends just 3' to the U1 coding region. There is only limited homology in the 5' flanking region with U1 snRNA genes from the sea urchin L. variegatus.
Improvements to and limitations of Latin hypercube sampling

Abstract Two techniques are proposed to improve the performance of Latin hypercube sampling. To improve the statistics for each variable, it is proposed that realizations for each variable be acquired by finding the probabilistic means of equiprobable disjunct intervals in the variable's domain, instead of using the cumulative distribution function directly, as is currently done. To reduce error in correlations between variables (correlated or uncorrelated), it is proposed to perform a single-switchoptimized method on the realizations for one variable at a time, instead of using matrix manipulation, as is the current custom. Limitations in hypercube sampling will be discussed, and numerical results involving a simple Poisson process will be offered.
SU-GG-AUD-03: The Development and Validation of An Image-Based Dosimetry System for 90Y Microspheres Used to Treat Hepatic Tumors

Purpose: To develop and experimentally validate an image‐baseddosimetry system for determining the three‐dimensional (3D) dose distribution from 90 Y microspheres used to treat hepatic tumors.Method and Materials: A rapid, efficient, and stable batch technique was used to label yttrium‐loaded microspheres with 18 F . These 18 F ‐labeled microspheres served as surrogates for 90 Y ‐labeled microspheres. 18 F and 90 Y microspheres were coinjected into a gel‐based phantom and the 18 F activity distribution was determined using a GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner. The activity distribution was converted from 18 F to 90 Y by applying a precise activity ratio, which was determined using germanium detection and a low uncertainty 90 Y positron branching ratio. To calculate the dose, the image data was convolved with a 90 Y dose point kernel using 3D‐ID software. This dose was compared to the dose measured in the central plane using HD‐810 radiochromic film and a new film protocol. The film protocol and the gel‐based phantom were validated using a single 90 Sr / 90 Y source seed. The film was calibrated using two NIST‐traceable 90 Sr ophthalmic applicators and was analyzed using a flatbed scanner in reflective mode. Additionally, the image‐based dose to the entire gel phantom was compared to a Monte Carlo‐derived dose. Results: The image‐based (3D‐ID) dose in the central plane was 90.20 Gy ± 6% and the film measured dose was 90.64 Gy ± 5%. A mean phantom dose of 74.30 Gy ± 6% and 74.70 Gy ± 2% was determined using 3D‐ID and Monte Carlo, respectively. Overall, these results agreed to within 0.5%. The image‐basedin vivo dose volume histogram (DVH) for this study was in excellent agreement with the film measured DVH. Conclusion: Through the implementation of 18 F ‐labeled microspheres, a precise non‐destructive assay of 90 Y , and a validated film protocol, a new image‐baseddosimetry system for 90 Y microspheres was experimentally validated.
Kullback-Leibler Divergence, Cost Density-Shaping, Stochastic Optimal Control With Applications to Vibration Suppression

The “k cost cumulant” (kCC) control performs competitively with other structural controllers in protecting buildings from natural disasters. These applications constitute vibration suppression problems involving lightly-damped structures with multiple degrees of freedom. While kCC control has delivered excellent performance in such applications, it gives the designer little direct influence over the shape of the cost’s density. The goal of this work is to present the Minimum Kullback-Leibler Divergence Cost Density-Shaping (MKLD-CDS) control paradigm, which enables the designer to shape the cost’s density according to a pre-specified target mean and variance. This new theory is applied to the first-generation Active Mass Driver (AMD) benchmark problem, where the application of MKLD-CDS with the Statistical Target Selection (STS) design method enables a family of stablizing MKLD-CDS controllers to be computed based on parametric targets. MKLD-CDS controllers are found that exceed the performance of a nominal 2CC controller while not compromising this controller’s robust stability.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The distribution of mitomycin C-induced sister chromatid exchanges in the euchromatin and heterochromatin of the Indian muntjac.

The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by mitomycin C (MMC) in Indian Muntjac chromosomes was determined by the fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) technique. Using scanning cytophotometry the relative DNA content of each chromosome was measured with and without acid or alkali pretreatments for C-banding. During acid and alkali treatments, euchromatin lost 20 to 30% of its DNA, while heterochromatin lost less than 5%; an intermediate DNA loss was observed for the short arm of the X chromosome. After growth of cells in the presence of MMC during the first cycle and in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during the first and second cycles of DNA replication, SCEs in the euchromatin were proportional to DNA content. SCEs at the junctions between the neck of the X chromosome and the long and short arms occurred more frequently than expected. A threshold effect for the induction of SCEs was observed in regions resistant to DNA extraction by acid and alkali treatments (i.e., the neck and short arm of the X chromosome). At high concentrations of MMC, the frequency of SCE at each junction appears to plateau at 0.5.
Social orientation to adults and peers in infant child care

Sixty-one children enrolled in child care, 13 to 24 months of age, were classified into one of four social orientation groups, based upon the frequency of contact with adults and peers relative to the total sample: adult-peer, adult only, peer only, and solitary. These groups were then compared with respect to behaviors in child care, adult responses, and child care history. The adult-oriented children expressed the most negative affect. This group and the solitary children were the most passive and dependent, and they were the least likely to engage in complex, competent interactions with peers and to show positive affect. Adult-peer-oriented children had been in their current peer groups longer than all other children. Four mechanisms were examined to account for differences in social orientation: temperament, adult responses, attachment relationship, and child care environments; only the latter revealed significant differences. The availability of social options for children in child care is discussed, as well as limitations of these data for explaining differences in social orientation and suggestions for future research.
On the orbital energies and symmetries of MoF6, WF6 and ReF6

Published optical, electron and photoelectron spectra of MoF6. WF6 and ReF6 are reanalyzed with the aid of recent numerical calculations on these molecules to determine their electron orbital symmetry orderings and the location of the t2g ← eg transition in ReF6.
Prolactin and growth hormone aggregates in secretory granules: the need to understand the structure of the aggregate

Prolactin and GH form reversible aggregates in the trans-Golgi lumen that become the dense cores of secretory granules. Aggregation is an economical means of sorting, because self-association removes the hormones from other possible pathways. Secretory granules containing different aggregates show different behavior, such as the reduction in stimulated release of granules containing R183H-GH compared with release of those containing wild-type hormone. Aggregates may facilitate localization of membrane proteins necessary for transport and exocytosis of secretory granules, and therefore understanding their properties is important. Three types of self-association have been characterized: dimers of human GH that form with Zn(2+), low-affinity self-association of human prolactin caused by acidic pH and Zn(2+) with macromolecular crowding, and amyloid fibers of prolactin. The best candidate for the form in most granules may be low-affinity self-association because it occurs rapidly at Zn(2+) concentrations that are likely to be in granules and reverses rapidly in neutral pH. Amyloid may form in older granules. Determining differences between aggregates of wild type and those of R183H-GH should help to understand why granules containing the mutant behave differently from those containing wild-type hormone. If reversible aggregation of other hormones, including those that are proteolytically processed, is the crucial act in forming granules, rather than use of a sorting signal, then prohormones should form reversible aggregates in solution in conditions that resemble those of the trans-Golgi lumen, including macromolecular crowding.
Public Policy for Agriculture after Commodity Programs

The Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996 opted for the market instead of the government to allocate resources and set returns in agriculture. Decoupled transition payments will continue to year 2002, after which they may be discontinued. A modest safety net of marketing loans and crop insurance may remain after 2002, but the era of government supply management of primary crops appears to be over. In this paper, our objective is to consider appropriate public policy for U.S. agriculture without price-related subsidies and attendant managed supplies. The discussion is suggestive, not exhaustive, and is intended to stimulate thinking on how postcommodity program policy might better serve the needs of agriculture and the public at large.
Vaginal birth after cesarean or repeat cesarean section: Medical risks or social realities?

Despite the known medical safety and success of vaginal birth after cesarean section, rates of planned repeat cesarean sections remain high. The process involved in women's decisions to choose vaginal birth after cesarean section or repeat cesarean section was investigated by a questionnaire study at a private and a public hospital. Women were questioned regarding timing, influence of others, reasons for their choice, satisfaction with the decision, etc. Results from 160 respondents showed that over half the women identified themselves as the primary decision maker. Physicians exerted more influence on the decisions of patients at the public hospital than on the patients at the private hospital. Overall, social exigencies appeared to play a more important role than an assessment of the medical risks in making these decisions.
Regional Distribution of Opiate Receptor Binding in Monkey and Human Brain

The frequency of opiate receptors varies dramatically throughout the human and monkey brain. The authors describe a relationship between the distribution of opiate receptors and of neurotransmitters.
Curriculum Design: A Wider Perspective for Today and Tomorrow

While admitting that there are no quick fixes or easy answers, this writer argues for broad-based, cooperative curriculum planning and development.
Marked alterations in circulating inflammatory cells during cardiomyopathy development in a magnesium-deficient rat model

Rodents fed on a Mg-deficient (Mg-D) diet develop cardiomyopathic lesions, as well as other types of cardiovascular dysfunction. In the rat, inflammatory cell infiltration of the myocardium begins to occur by week 1, and the lesions develop extensively in the third and fourth weeks on the Mg-D diet. Although the aetiologic mechanisms of Mg-D cardiomyopathy are unknown, we have previously reported that once plasma Mg is markedly reduced, one of the earliest molecular markers of the pathophysiological process is elevation of plasma substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and prostaglandin E2, followed by histamine and the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). In order to evaluate the potential role of specific circulating inflammatory cell subpopulations in the mechanisms underlying pathophysiological changes observed in Mg-deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy, we analysed these cells by flow cytochemistry. Leucocyte subpopulation pools increased progressively in the Mg-D rats. Elevated circulating levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes appeared to contribute to both the acute (week 1-2) and chronic phases (week 3-4) of the inflammatory responses; monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and large unstained cells which are lymphoid in stained smears, on the other hand, increased significantly in the third and fourth weeks and thus contributed to the chronic inflammatory phase. Changes in the circulating leucocyte subpopulations paralleled the chronological progression of the cardiomyopathic lesions, particularly in weeks 3 and 4. Since a pronounced neutrophilia preceded leucocyte infiltration and deposition within the myocardial tissue, modifications of the microvascular barrier may be a prerequisite for cardiomyopathy in this model of neurogenic inflammation.
Effectiveness of the Coping Power Program in Middle-School Children with Disruptive Behaviours and Hyperactivity Difficulties.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the effectiveness of the Coping Power Program (CPP); an evidence-based treatment delivered in a group format to at-risk middle-school children. Initially, two groups were randomised and formed: an intervention group of 24 CPP sessions and a control group. All students were enrolled in public schools from two rural counties in the United States. Out of the 119 total participants 63 (37 male) were in the intervention and 56 (35 male) were in the control group. From the larger intervention group, a subset of students was identified as 'significantly improved'. Using the Behavior Assessment Scale for Children-2 (BASC-2), a pre- and post-intervention measure showed that students with clinically significant hyperactivity and behavioural difficulties scores were the most sensitive to the group intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Synthesis of kaolinite from micas and K-depleted micas

The weathering stages of K-depleted biotite, K-depleted phlogopite, and natural biotite were investigated using hydrothermal treatment with A1C13 solution at 200°C for 12 to 72 h. Although there were some differences in the degree of weathering of the two K-depleted micas, both first transformed to hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite (HIV), which then altered to kaolinite. In case of the natural biotite, the biotite first transformed to a K-depleted mica-like phase, which then altered to kaolinite. The natural biotite had resisted weathering to kaolinite more than did the K-depleted biotite, as expected. The K-depleted phlogopite had less resistance in weathering to kaolinite than the K-depleted biotite. The transformation process changed the color of the micas. The K-depleted biotite changed from greenish-black through yellow to pale gray whereas the natural biotite changed from greenish-black through beige to yellow. However, in the case of K-depleted phlogopite, there was no significant color change during the transformation process. The presence of the interlayer K+ ions and the structural Fe2+ ions in mica appear to have contributed to the differences in the degree of weathering to kaolinite among the micas investigated.
Some Quantitative Aspects of Algal Growth In Lake Mendota

The seasonal fluctuations in the quantities and kinds of phytoplankton in lakes has received the attention of limnologists for many years. For southern Wisconsin lakes, a good general description of the annual phytoplankton cycles of pelagic waters has been presented by Birge and Juday (1922). Causes of these fluctuations have sometimes been explained on the basis of the levels of chemical nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are present in natural waters, though few generalizations of real or supposed biological and chemical relationships have thus far had wide application. At the present only a limited amount of information has been gained from experimental algal cultures which can be applied directly toward an understanding of the usually different conditions existing in various natural waters. The experiments of Chu (1942), Rodhe (1948), and Gerloff, Fitzgerald, and Skoog
The expansive role of CD40 and its ligand, gp39, in immunity

The interactions between CD40 and its ligand, gp39, are central to the development and maintenance of immunity. The role this receptor-ligand pair plays in B cell activation, isotype switching and memory generation has been firmly established through the study of in vitro and in vivo murine models, as well as human in vitro systems and immunodeficiencies. In this review, the potential role of gp39 in the regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and their implications on thymic education and peripheral tolerance are discussed.