cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 'Speech' in 'Freedom of Speech'

Freedom of speech occupies a special place in American society. But what counts as “speech” is a contentious issue. In countless cases, courts struggle to distinguish highly protected speech from easily regulated economic activity. Skeptics view this struggle as evidence that speech is, in fact, not distinguishable from other forms of activity. This paper refutes that view. It argues that speech is indeed distinct from other forms of activity, and that even accounts that deny this actually admit it. It then argues that the features that make speech distinctive as a phenomenon also make it distinctive as a normative matter. This does not mean that the skeptics are all wrong. It does, however, mean that they are wrong that freedom of speech is conceptually impossible. Speech is special in a way that makes it a plausible basis for a right of freedom of speech.
Impact of Selected Insecticides Used in Eggplant Production on Edovum puttleri Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

The impact of insecticides currently used in commercial eggplant fields to control the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on the egg parasitoid Edovum puttleri Grissell was ev...
The Role of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol- and Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid-Producing Pseudomonas spp. in Natural Protection of Wheat from Soilborne Pathogens

Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from the rhizosphere of diverse plants have been studied as biocontrol agents of soilborne pathogens worldwide. Certain strains of these bacteria are capable of exerting a variety of mechanisms of plant growth promotion and protection, including the production of the natural antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) and derivatives of phenazine (Phz). These compounds are broadly active against plant pathogens and are produced by widely distributed taxonomically diverse Pseudomonas spp. that inhabit the rhizosphere of cereal crops and render certain soils naturally suppressive to soilborne plant diseases. There is mounting evidence that the role of 2,4-DAPG and phenazines in the rhizosphere is not limited to antibiosis but also involves regulatory and signaling functions, induction of systemic resistance, and reduction of minerals in soil.
Interviews and Observation of Blind Software Developers at Work to Understand Code Navigation Challenges

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) play an important role in the workflow of many software developers, e.g. providing syntactic highlighting or other navigation aids to support the creation of lengthy codebases. Unfortunately, such complex visual information is difficult to convey with current screen-reader technologies, thereby creating barriers for programmers who are blind, who are nevertheless using IDEs. To better understand their usage strategies and challenges, we conducted an exploratory study to investigate the issue of code navigation by developers who are blind. We observed 28 blind programmers using their preferred coding tool while they performed various programming activities, in particular while they navigated through complex codebases. Participants encountered many navigation difficulties when using their preferred coding software with assistive technologies (e.g., screen readers). During interviews, participants reported dissatisfaction with the accessibility of most IDEs due to the heavy use of visual abstractions. To compensate, participants used multiple input methods and workarounds to navigate through code comfortably and reduce complexity, but these approaches often reduced their speed and introduced mistakes, thereby reducing their efficiency as programmers. Our findings suggest an opportunity for researchers and the software industry to improve the accessibility and usability of code navigation for blind developers in IDEs.
Sclerotherapy using Surgiflo and alcohol: a new alternative for the treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts.

Abstract Purpose This study aims to review the results of sclerotherapy using Surgiflo in addition to alcohol in primary aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC). Methods A total of 16 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of primary ABC were treated by percutaneous Surgiflo and alcohol injection at our institution. Clinical follow-up included the assessment of pain, swelling, limping and functional impairment. Radiological parameters included tumour volume, physis-cyst distance, thickness of cyst cortex, and presence of intracystic septations. Mean follow-up was 35,6 months (24–71 months). Treatment was considered successful when the cyst volume decreased by a minimum of 10%, the bone cortex became thicker, and the distance to physis increased. Results Mean age at presentation was 9.5 years (5.16–13.84 years). All ABC’s were primary and all patients underwent a single Surgiflo and alcohol session except for two (12.5%) who required a second session. All patients had a good clinical result at fi...
Probability theory and seismic design

Uncertainties always exist in engineering analysis and design. Even when they can be ignored, designers need to account for them by using safety factors. Uncertainty is the difference between what is known and what is reality. Of course, reality is only approximated by designers via tests and experiments. Uncertainty can be aleatory (random) and epistemic (subjective). Aleatory uncertainty refers to the inherent variability of a physical system, which can be modeled as a random variable or a random process, as described below. When data are scarce, probability distributions cannot be obtained, and epistemic uncertainty approaches are used. Epistemic uncertainty is defined as the lack of knowledge or information about some aspect of the system or model. Epistemic uncertainty can be reduced with the collection of more information. Sometimes, physical processes are so complex that, even with additional data, they are modeled as though they are inherently probabilistic. Examples of this include aerodynamic forces and seismic forces. In such cases, probability is used as an organizing principle. A review of reliability under epistemic uncertainty was provided by Kang et al. [1].
Three New Species of Ageratina (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) from Oaxaco, Mexico and a Key to the A. mairetiana Complex

Three new species of Ageratina subg. Neogreenella are described from Mexico, as follows: Ageratina mayajana, from Mpio. San Miguel Chimalapa, Oaxaca; Ageratina mazatecana, from Mpio. Santa Maria Chilchotla, Oaxaca; and Ageratina pochutlana from Districto Pochutla, Oaxaca. Although all of the taxa belong to the A. subg. Neogreenella, only the latter two relate to the A. mairetiana complex as defined by Turner (1987, 1997). A revised key to that complex is provided.
Impacts of increasing levels of canola meal in diets of high producing Holstein cows on their productive performance

Abstract Ingredient substitution studies are common in the animal science literature. However such studies often confound changes of ingredient and nutrient levels, thereby begging the question as to whether responses measured among diets represent known differences among diets in measured nutrient levels, or to changes in unknown dietary factors/nutrients. Our objective was to determine if formulating diets to contain the same levels of nutrients, concomitant with increasing the dietary canola meal (CM) level from 50 to 170 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM), while mainly reducing levels of distillers dried grains (DDG), would result in dissimilar performance by lactating dairy cattle – thereby suggesting nutritional factors/nutrients of CM and/or DDG exist which are not known and so not included in diet formulation. This differs from Swanepoel et al. (2014; Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 189, 41–53) wherein increasing levels of CM were confounded with modest changes in dietary levels of some proximate nutrients. The experiment was a 4 × 4 Latin square using 4 pens of about 315 early lactation multiparous cows/pen with four 21 day periods. The DM intake was not affected (30.0 ± 0.09 kg/d) by increased dietary levels of CM, but milk, milk lactose and milk energy outputs all declined (P
Subjects’ Religious Orientation, Counselor'S Orientation and Skill, and Expectations for Counseling:

The present study is a partial replication of Pecnik and Epperson's (1985a) study of expectations for Christian counseling versus counseling of an unspecified orientation, with the additional aim of clarifying the possible impact of counselor skill and social desirability upon these expectations. Undergraduate psychology students read one of four profiles of a counselor: Christian orientation, high skill; Christian orientation, unspecified skill; unspecified orientation, high skill; unspecified orientation, unspecified skill. These subjects, designated as Christian and non-Christian, rated the counselor profile on 19 variables related to counseling. In comparison to non-Christians, Christian subjects in general give higher ratings to the counselor regardless of the counselor's religious orientation. Non-Christian subjects rated the high skill counselor lower on several expectancy scales than Christian subjects did. No support was lent to the contentions that counselors with a Christian orientation are vie...
Stratigraphic Analysis: Decades of Revolution (1970–1979) and Refinement (1980–1989)

Significant progress in stratigraphic analysis has occurred during the 70s in several areas of stratigraphy. Multiband seismic data systems with greater resolution of detail have revolutionized our ability to interpret subsurface stratigraphic units, distributions, lithologies, physical properties, and contained fluids. For the first time, we are able to predict and map with reasonable accuracy what subsurface stratigraphie sequences will be encountered in poorly explored sedimentary basins.
What’s Age Got to Do with It? Implications of Maternal Age on Families of Offspring with Down Syndrome

Abstract This paper assesses the implications of advanced maternal age on children and adults with Down syndrome and their families. From national and Tennessee-based data, mothers continue to be (on average) 4–5 years older at the birth of newborns with (vs. without) Down syndrome, with more mothers giving birth above age 35, fewer during their teens and early-to-mid 20s. Increased maternal age relates to higher levels of formal education, to more often being married at childbirth, and to less often divorcing. In population studies, more educated mothers also more often work outside the home, have husbands who actively participate in childrearing, and have families that provide their offspring greater financial and social resources. Though rarely examined, maternal-age correlates should also apply to persons with Down syndrome and their families. During childhood, more often having older, more educated parents—and less often having younger, less educated parents—should relate to more accurate caregiver assessments of the child’s development; increased access to available services; and enhanced abilities to benefit from services. But once adults with Down syndrome reach their mid-40s, having parents who are 30+ years older may result in simultaneous health declines for these adults and for their parents, causing a pile-up of caregiving challenges for the family’s adult siblings. Maternal age has much to do with offspring, parent, and sibling functioning during the offspring with Down syndrome’s childhood and adult years.
The Effect of Local Versus Intravenous Corticosteroids on the Likelihood of Dysphagia and Dysphonia Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Single-Blinded, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Dysphagia and dysphonia are the most common postoperative complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Although most postoperative dysphagia is mild and transient, severe dysphagia can have profound effects on overall patient health and on surgical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of local to intravenous (IV) steroid administration during ACDF on postoperative dysphagia and dysphonia. Methods This was a single-blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial. Seventy-five patients undergoing ACDF with cervical plating were randomized into 3 groups: control (no steroid), IV steroid (10 mg of IV dexamethasone at the time of closure), or local steroid (40 mg of local triamcinolone). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected for dysphagia, dysphonia, and neck pain postoperatively for 1 year. Results Patient demographics were similar. Postoperative day 1 PROMs showed significantly lower scores for dysphonia (p = 0.015) and neck pain (p = 0.034) in the local steroid group. At 2 weeks postoperatively, the local steroid cohort showed significantly decreased prevalence of severe dysphagia (Eating Assessment Tool-10 [EAT-10], severe dysphagia, p = 0.027) compared with the control and IV steroid groups. Both steroid groups had significantly less severe dysphagia when compared with the control group at the 6-week and 3-month time points. At 1 year postoperatively, both steroid groups had significantly reduced dysphagia rates (p = 0.014) compared with the control group. Conclusions Both local and IV steroid administration after cervical plating in ACDF yielded better PROMs for dysphagia compared with a control group. This finding is particularly evident in the reduced number of patients who reported severe dysphagia symptoms following ACDF with local steroid application within the first 2 postoperative weeks. Future studies should attempt to stratify dysphagia severity when reporting outcomes related to anterior cervical spine surgery. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Classifying cone photoreceptors in the living human eye using their unique phase response to light

Human color vision is achieved by mixing neural signals from cone photoreceptors sensitive to long- (L), medium- (M), and short- (S) wavelength light. The spatial arrangement and proportion of these spectral types in the retina set fundamental limits on color perception, and abnormal or missing types lead to color vision deficiencies. In vivo mapping of the trichromatic cone mosaic provides the most direct and quantitative means to assess the role photoreceptors play in color vision, but current methods of in vivo imaging have important limitations that preclude their widespread use. In this study, we present a new method for classifying cones based on their unique phase response to flashes of quasi-monochromatic light. Our use of phase provides unprecedented efficiency (30 min of subject time/retinal location) and accuracy (<0.02% of uncertainty), thus making in vivo cone classification practical in a wide range of color vision applications. We used adaptive optics optical coherence tomography to resolve cone cells in 3D and customized post-processing algorithms to extract the phase signal of individual cones. We successfully characterized light-induced changes to the phase signature of cones under different illuminant spectra, established the relationship between this phase change and the three cone spectral types, and used this relationship to classify and map cones in two color normal subjects.
Objectless locative prepositions in British English

In British English, sentences like This film has monsters in are possible without the pronoun it . Descriptively, we refine landscape of the phenomenon, identifying restrictions on the distribution and interpretation of OLPs, including dialectal variation within British English, and observing an A-bar movement restriction on monsters . Analytically, we argue against an A-movement analysis (Griffiths & Sailor), and ponder alternatives from a cross-linguistic perspective.
The Comparative Effects of Upper Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation Techniques in Individuals With Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Subacromial pain syndrome (SPS) accounts for as much as 44% of shoulder pain encountered by physical therapists. Thoracic spine thrust manipulation (TSTM) is effective in the short term ...
Hopping with degressive spring stiffness in a full-leg exoskeleton lowers metabolic cost compared with progressive spring stiffness and hopping without assistance.

When humans hop at 2.4–3.0 Hz normally and with an exoskeleton with different spring stiffness profiles in parallel to the legs, net metabolic power is lowest when hopping with an exoskeleton with ...
Gender Equality Norms in International Governance: Actors, Contexts, Meanings

At least since the 1970s, the idea to overcome gender hierarchies has influenced the work of international organisations (IOs). Scholars who have analysed this ‘engendering’ of IOs describe a variety of resulting organisational practices, informed by significant institutionalisation of gender equality norms as well as by their co-optation. The paper gives an overview of some of the most important global gender equality norms articulated within the United Nations (UN). It does so with a view to historical context factors, involved actors and their relative power, and competing claims and pressures. This perspective shows how diverse meanings of gender equality norms have become prominent within the UN, including relatively clear goals of social change, compromises, shifting priorities and incompatibilities leading to stalemates.
How to Invest my Time: Lessons from Human-in-the-Loop Entity Extraction

Recognizing entities that follow or closely resemble a regular expression (regex) pattern is an important task in information extraction. Common approaches for extraction of such entities require humans to either write a regex recognizing an entity or manually label entity mentions in a document corpus. While human effort is critical to build an entity recognition model, surprisingly little is known about how to best invest that effort given a limited time budget. To get an answer, we consider an iterative human-in-the-loop (HIL) framework that allows users to write a regex or manually label entity mentions, followed by training and refining a classifier based on the provided information. We demonstrate on 5 entity recognition tasks that classification accuracy improves over time with either approach. When a user is allowed to choose between regex construction and manual labeling, we discover that (1) if the time budget is low, spending all time for regex construction is often advantageous, (2) if the time budget is high, spending all time for manual labeling seems to be superior, and (3) between those two extremes, writing regexes followed by manual labeling is typically the best approach. Our code and data is available at https://github.com/nymph332088/HILRecognizer.
Licensing Standard Essential Patents: Preparing for 5G Mobile Communications

The 5G mobile telecommunications standard is focusing increased attention on licensing of Standard Essential Patents (SEPs). SEP holders and technology implementers commit to negotiate license agreements on terms that are Fair, Reasonable, and Non-discriminatory (FRAND). Standard Setting Organizations (SSOs) establish coordinated FRAND commitments by consensus decision making. SEP holders and implementers create negotiated FRAND commitments through patent license agreements. Courts specify adjudicated FRAND commitments in SEP license disputes. The article argues that SSO coordination, market negotiation, and adjudication precisely define FRAND commitments. The courts have successfully applied common law principles and comparable license agreements to interpret FRAND commitments. The article argues that administrative or judicial regulation would reduce standardization, impede innovation, and constrain market negotiation of patent license agreements. The article introduces the concept of the “patent run-around” to describe potential effects of “licensing to all” regulations. The article cautions that because of some landmark court decisions, there is a risk that the provisions of patent license agreements could be determined more by judicial regulation than by negotiation in competitive markets. Problematic developments include the imposition of arbitrary aggregate rate caps and basing royalties on the estimated incremental value of standardized technology. The article recommends that courts avoid formulating one-size-fits-all FRAND commitments in 5G mobile telecommunications and other innovative industries. Licensing SEPs does not justify increased antitrust enforcement or administrative regulation.
Handling Imbalanced Data: A Case Study for Binary Class Problems.

For several years till date, the major issues in terms of solving for classification problems are the issues of Imbalanced data. Because majority of the machine learning algorithms by default assumes all data are balanced, the algorithms do not take into consideration the distribution of the data sample class. The results tend to be unsatisfactory and skewed towards the majority sample class distribution. This implies that the consequences as a result of using a model built using an Imbalanced data without handling for the Imbalance in the data could be misleading both in practice and theory. Most researchers have focused on the application of Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) Sampling Approach in handling data Imbalance independently in their works and have failed to better explain the algorithms behind these techniques with computed examples. This paper focuses on both synthetic oversampling techniques and manually computes synthetic data points to enhance easy comprehension of the algorithms. We analyze the application of these synthetic oversampling techniques on binary classification problems with different Imbalanced ratios and sample sizes.
Predictors of health-related quality of life among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors in New Jersey.

To examine predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (NHW) breast cancer (BC) survivors. Cross-sectional study using survey data. Women diagnosed with ...
Advances in the Direct Spectral Estimation of Aeroacoustic Sources Using Continuous-Scan Phased Arrays

Author(s): Morata Carranza, David | Advisor(s): Papamoschou, Dimitri | Abstract: The present study is related to the field of imaging of aeroacoustic noise sources. Traditional techniques include the use of phased microphone arrays and acoustic beamforming of the signals signals using algorithms such as the Delay-And-Sum (DAS). Over the last years, there has been an increasing interest in methods in which some of the sensors traverse in prescribed paths and motion. Some of the challenges of this approach include the treatment of the non-stationarity of the signal due to the motion of the microphone(s).An objective of this work is to review the methodology presented by D. Papamoschou, P. Shah and myself in the AIAA Journal "Inverse Acoustic Methodology for Continuous-Scan Phased Arrays" since it provides the building grounds for the thesis. The methodology accounts for the direct estimation of the spatio-spectral distribution of an acoustic source from microphone measurements that include fixed and continuously scanning sensors. The non-stationarity of the signal is addressed by means of the Wigner-Ville spectrum. Suppression of the non-stationary effects involves the division of the signal into blocks and the application of a frequency-dependent window within each block. The direct estimation approach involves the inversion of an integral that relates the modeled pressure field, the measured pressure field and the response of the array. A Bayesian-estimation that allows for efficient inversion of the integrals and performs similarly to the conjugate gradient method is reviewed.The coherence-based noise source distribution is studied in this work and the influence of the signal segmentation on its spatial resolution is analyzed. This thesis provides specific guidelines related to the signal processing. The signal is divided into blocks meeting a desired mathematical condition. A minimum and maximum size for the resulting blocks is proposed in this work, as well as a minimum and maximum block overlap. A safe region for the signal segmentation is presented as well.This work presents a methodology to synchronize the signals from the microphones (scanning or not) with the position of the scanning sensor. It also shows the methods to check the accuracy of the position scanning sensor.The methodology is applied to acoustic fields emitted by impinging jets approximating a point source and an overexpanded supersonic jet. Noise source maps that included the scanning sensor and a dense block distribution have increased spatial resolution and reduced sidelobes. The ability of the continuous scan paradigm to provide high-definition noise source maps with a lower sensor count is confirmed in this work as well. The effect of the proposed signal segmentation on sparse arrays is discussed.
Inverse fuzzy arithmetic for material characterization of composites using guided waves

In this study, a technique based on guided ultrasonic waves coupled with an uncertainty analysis is developed to quantify the deviation from the assumed nominal value of the material constants of quasi-isotropic fiber-reinforced composites. It is shown that the measured group velocities vary depending on the location within the laminate, opening the possibility of questioning whether the assumed nominal values of the material properties could accurately represent the entire material system at any region. Furthermore, after the identified material parameters are defuzzyfied, a new set of nominal values for the material properties is determined. These preliminary findings might allow for the development of other efficient, nondestructive material characterization techniques in the future.
The International Criminal Law of the Future

In this chapter out of Evolution or Revolution? Change in the International Legal Order, Professor Sadat draws from past developments and current trends of International Criminal Law (“ICL”) to post what the future will hold for the discipline. The chapter first tracks the exponential expansion of ICL in the 20th and 21st centuries, detailing and critiquing developments from Nuremberg to the post-9/11 erosion of international norms in the name of “fighting terrorism.” Within this narrative, Professor Sadat identifies a paradoxical relationship within ICL: “lesser” crimes are met with robust interstate cooperation and at times troublingly little regard for defendant rights, whereas the gravest of crimes, “core crimes,” are relatively weakly enforced and feature great deference to defendant’s human rights. From here, the chapter analyses the degree of success ICL has had in the past thirty years. The results are mixed. While the last thirty years have seen the expansion of ICL capabilities through, among other developments, the establishment of the International Criminal Court, more recent decades have featured pushback to ICL and its institutions from several of the world’s great powers. Transnational criminal law, a field this chapter also addresses, has also seen its share of criticism as increasingly illiberal and Eurocentric. The chapter then traces five broad themes typifying modern ICL, both positive and negative for the field. It concludes with a prediction that ICL will become increasingly robust, although the exact form it will coalesce into remains unclear. Much hinges on the evolving stances of several Security Council nations, as well as regional efforts such as the African Court proposed by the Malabo Protocol. One way or the other, the chapter asserts ICL is here to stay.
Analysis and composition of a model trace gaseous mixture for a spacecraft

Growing concern over trace gaseous contaminant accumulations in the enclosed atmospheres of long duration spacecraft missions has prompted the development of a trace contaminant data base on the basis of gas, lithium hydroxide, and charcoal samples collected on Space Shuttle missions. A model trace contaminant gas mixture containing 14 compounds was chosen with the aid of a FORTRAN program, on the strength of contaminant chemical and toxicological categories, frequency of occurrence, and worst-case concentration. The model gas mixture can be used to test trace contaminant control hardware for a manned spacecraft environment.
SU-E-T-638: Proton Beam Delivery to a Moving Lung Tumor and Monte Carlo Simulation with TOPAS

Purpose: To estimate the dose delivered to a moving lung tumor by proton therapy beams of different modulation types, and compare with Monte Carlo predictions. Methods: A radiology support devices (RSD) phantom was irradiated with therapeutic proton radiation beams using two different types of modulation: uniform scanning (US) and double scattered (DS). The Eclipse© dose plan was designed to deliver 1.00Gy to the isocenter of a static ∼3×3×3cm (27cc) tumor in the phantom with 100% coverage. The peak to peak amplitude of tumor motion varied from 0.0 to 2.5cm. The radiation dose was measured with an ion-chamber (CC-13) located within the tumor. The time required to deliver the radiation dose varied from an average of 65s for the DS beams to an average of 95s for the US beams. Results: The amount of radiation dose varied from 100% (both US and DS) to the static tumor down to approximately 92% for the moving tumor. The ratio of US dose to DS dose ranged from approximately 1.01 for the static tumor, down to 0.99 for the 2.5cm moving tumor. A Monte Carlo simulation using TOPAS included a lung tumor with 4.0cm of peak to peak motion. In this simulation, the dose received by the tumor varied by ∼40% as the period of this motion varied from 1s to 4s. Conclusion: The radiation dose deposited to a moving tumor was less than for a static tumor, as expected. At large (2.5cm) amplitudes, the DS proton beams gave a dose closer to the desired dose than the US beams, but equal within experimental uncertainty. TOPAS Monte Carlo simulation can give insight into the moving tumor — dose relationship. This work was supported in part by the Philips corporation.
Pollution and Accelerated Eutrophication of Lakes

The term eutrophication refers to the natural self-enrichment of oligotrophic lakes. The enrichment implies an increase in organic matter in the lakes, which were once extremely low in organic content and also low in fixed inorganic carbon and nitrogen. Presumably, eutrophication is not apropos of increased biological enrichment in the oceans since they were not of glacial origin and did not contain relatively “pure” water. Indeed, the oceans are reported to have had up to 5 percent organic content in their primordial form, a grossly polluted condition by today’s standards. At any rate, we have argued that such terms as “pristine,” “pollution,” and “natural waters” are relative terms that must be considered within the context of people at a given point in time. Freshwater lakes as we know them are increasing in organic content, and the rate at which this is occurring is also increasing as a result of the activities of people.
La política feminista en la era del reconocimiento: un enfoque bidimensional de la justicia de género

En el transcurso de los ultimos treinta anos, las teoricas feministas del genero se han desplazado de las teorias cuasi-marxistas centradas en el trabajo a las teorias supuestamente “post-marxistas” de la cultura y la identidad. Como reflejo de un movimiento politico mas amplio de la redistribucion al reconocimiento, este desplazamiento ha sido de doble filo. Por un lado, ha ampliado la politica feminista permitiendole abarcar asuntos legitimos del reconocimiento, la identidad y la diferencia. No obstante, en el contexto del neoliberalismo creciente, las luchas feministas por el reconocimiento pueden estar contribuyendo menos a enriquecer las demandas de redistribucion que a desplazarlas. Mi objetivo es resistirme a esta tendencia. En este ensayo propongo un analisis del genero que es lo suficientemente amplio para acoger el elenco completo de preocupaciones feministas, aquellas que son centrales para el viejo feminismo-socialista asi como las que estan enraizadas en el giro cultural. Tambien propongo una concepcion amplia de la justicia que puede abarcar la distribucion y el reconocimiento, y una vision no-identitaria del reconocimiento compatible con la redistribucion. Concluyo examinando algunos problemas parciales que surgen cuando tratamos de concebir reformas institucionales que puedan corregir simultaneamente la mala distribucion y la falta de reconocimiento de genero.
Subrecursion and lambda representation over free algebras

As a contribution to ongoing research on computing over general algebraic structures, we consider subrecurrence over free algebras. Since the natural sub-recursive classification of functions by recurrence-nesting depth fails to separate polynomial from exponential numeric functions, we define a subrecursive hierarchy {T n }n which does, based on nesting depth of a newly defined tiered recurrence.
A digital file inventory of the Queens College Special Collections and Archives: Findings, analysis and recommendations for long-term preservation

Purpose – This paper aimed to conduct an inventory of digital resources for the Queens College Special Collections and Archives and had two purposes. The first was to assess the digital resources for a department too understaffed to address digital preservation and to provide a step-by-step program for them to start thinking in the long-term. The second was to show how these steps can be generalized for many institutions just starting to have digital holdings and looking to create a long-term digital preservation plan. Design/methodology/approach – The main method for research involved taking a significant sampling of the department’s digital holdings and conducting an inventory of them, analyzing such characteristics as file size, names, formats and metadata. After the inventory was conducted, recommendations were made to the department based on best practices in the field of digital preservation. Findings – We found that while the department generally does not follow industry-best practices for preserva...
Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions

List of figures and tables Acknowledgments A note on the use of language Abbreviations Introduction 1. The manipulation of political opposition 2. Structures of contestation 3. Playing by the rules: the inclusion and exclusion of political oppositions 4. Dynamics of opposition in unified SoCs 5. Opposition dynamics in divided SoCs 6. Formal SoCs and informal political manipulation Conclusion Appendix: political forces in Egypt, Jordan and Morocco Notes Bibliography Index.
CHAPTER 40 – Replication of Expandable DNA Repeats

This chapter discusses structure-functional analysis of expandable DNA repeats. Simple DNA repeats including, but not limited to H motifs, are called “suicidal sequences” for the DNA polymerization. The analysis of the replication fork progression through different expandable repeats in bacterial, yeast, and cultured mammalian cells, via 2-dimesional electrophoretic analysis of the replication intermediates reveals the suitability of this concept for in vivo . In all the three systems, these repeats attenuated DNA replication and there was a good agreement between the repeat instability and replication inhibition thresholds. The replication model for repeat expansions assume that expansions occur during multiple replication fork stalls and restarts within structure-prone repetitive runs. Formation of unusual DNA structures by H motifs during the DNA synthesis in vitro can also block even the most processive DNA polymerases. Interestingly, the polymerase itself triggered the formation of unusual DNA structures that subsequently inhibited it.
Some nonlinear elliptic equations from geometry

Abstract We describe some recent work on certain nonlinear elliptic equations from geometry. These include the problem of prescribing scalar curvature on 𝕊n, the Yamabe problem on manifolds with boundary, and the best Sobolev inequality on Riemannian manifolds.
Experimental tests of the cellular tensegrity hypothesis

The tensegrity model depicts the cytoskeleton (CSK) as a prestressed network of interconnected filaments. The prestress is generated by the CSK contractile apparatus and is partly balanced by traction at the cell-substrate interface and partly by CSK internal compression elements such as microtubules (MTs). A key feature of tensegrity is that the shear modulus (G) must increase in proportion with the prestress. Here we have tested that prediction as well as the idea that compression of MTs balance a portion of the cell prestress. Airway smooth muscle cells were studied. Traction microscopy was used to calculate traction. Because traction must be balanced by the stress within the cell, the prestress could be computed. Cell G was measured by oscillatory magnetic cytometry. The prestress was modulated using graded concentrations of contracting (histamine) or relaxing (isoproterenol) agonists and by disrupting MTs by colchicine. It was found that G increased in proportion with the prestress and that compression of MTs balanced a significant, but a relatively small fraction of the prestress. Taken together, these results do not disprove other models of cell deformability, nor they prove tensegrity. However, they do support a priori predictions of tensegrity. As such, it may not be necessary to invoke more complex mechanisms to explain these central features of cell deformability.
Local Vaccine Site Reactions and Contact Allergy to Aluminum

Childhood vaccines are a routine part of pediatric care in the United States; clinicians must be able to recognize and interpret associated localized adverse reactions. Redness and induration at the site of injection are commonly reported and are considered to be the result of local inflammation or hematoma formation, although other atypical reactions can occur. We report the case of a 6-month-old infant who developed subcutaneous nodules at the sites of his 4- and 6-month Pentacel (DTaP/Hib/IPV, diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus b conjugate, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine) and 6-month Prevnar (heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine) injections. Infectious disease and immunodeficiency examinations were unremarkable. Aluminum contact allergy was considered, and contact allergy testing confirmed sensitivity to aluminum. Although rare, aluminum contact allergy after routine immunization can occur and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent subcutaneous nodules after vaccination.
Thyroid Hormone and Thyrotropin Concentrations and Responses to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone in Ageing Horses

Reasons for performing study Thyroid hormones (THs) decrease with age in healthy dogs and cats, although they tend to remain within established reference ranges. Thyrotropin (TSH) is increased in elderly people, with or without mild alterations in THs. Objectives To test the hypothesis that geriatric horses will have lower THs and/or higher TSH compared with younger horses. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Resting THs and TSH, and responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were compared between young and old horses. Data from 71 normal, healthy horses that had participated in prior research projects were examined, and found to contain 42 horses 3–10 years of age, 16 horses >15 years and 10 horses >20 years. All samples had been assayed in the same previously validated radioimmunoassays. Statistical analysis was performed with commercial software. Results Although lower, THs were not significantly different between young and old horses when compared with the Mann–Whitney rank sum test. However, TSH concentration was significantly higher in horses aged >20 (median 0.52 ng/ml) or >15 years (0.44 ng/ml) compared to younger horses (0.33 ng/ml). TRH stimulation tests were performed in 19 of the younger horses, 7 of the horses >20, and 11 of the horses >15. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA on ranks revealed no significant differences in TH responses to TRH. The TSH response to TRH appeared to be slightly greater in the older horses, but did not quite reach significance (P = 0.06). Conclusion Similar to reports in elderly humans, aged horses have higher serum TSH concentrations than younger horses. Ethical animal research: All horses in this study were part of a NCSU IACUC approved study. Owners gave informed consent for their horses' inclusion in the study. Sources of funding: College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University, USA Equestrian. Competing interests: None declared.
Neutron detection using GSO scintillator

Abstract The response of cerium-doped gadolinium orthosilicate (GSO) scintillator to thermal neutrons has been measured. A distinctive peak is observed in the pulse height spectrum at about 77 keV. It is associated with the de-excitation of the first excited states in 156 Gd and 158 Gd following neutron capture. Applications for thin GSO scintillators as thermal neutron detectors are proposed.
Scaling Behavioral Anchors

Although behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) have both intuitive and empirical appeal, they have not always yielded superior results in contrast with graphic rating scales. The present study...
Perceived Nasality in the Speech of the Deaf

Listener ratings of nasality were obtained from samples of deaf and normal speech presented in the backward play mode. In order to investigate the influence of rhythmic patterning on the perception...
Effect of season and weather on pediatric emergency department use

Abstract It is commonly believed that emergency department (ED) use is affected by extreme weather. To test this hypothesis, data concerning use of a pediatric ED during three seasonally diverse months was analyzed in the light of Weather Bureau information concerning daily conditions during the study months. Seven measures of extreme weather were defined: 1) extreme cold (daily high temperature ≤25°F); 2) extreme heat (daily high temperature ≥88°F); 3) unusual cold (winter) with departure from normal of mean temperature 10°F; 5) precipitation ≥0.25 inches (in water-equivalent inches); 6) stormy (thunderstorm, hail, ice, or blowing snow); 7) snow-covered (≥6 inches of snow on the ground). Seasonal use patterns were examined and the proportion of days with each weather factor was compared with the proportion of visits on days with the factor. The data indicate 1) season has a major affect on ED use because it affects prevalence of disease and injury; 2) extremely cold and stormy conditions significant reductions in ED use of approximately 5–20%; 3) 80–95% of expected visits are made on days with very bad weather. The data indicate that weather is a minor factor in determining ED use.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF A CAPSTAN LATHE

SUMMARY Possible approaches to the study of the ergonomics of machine tool design are discussed and a particular case is described in which the operation of the controls of a capstan lathe was studied, various modifications were instituted and a preliminary evaluation of one of them was attempted.
Moisture diffusion in cementitious materials Moisture capacity and diffusivity

Abstract Based on a model by Bažant and Najjar, and using a new model for adsorption isotherms, moisture capacity and diffusivity of concrete are analyzed. The moisture capacity, obtained as a derivative of the ] adsorption isotherm, first drops as the humidity increases from zero, then levels off as a consuant, and finally again increases when the humidity approaches saturation, regardless of the age, cement type, temperature, and water:cement ratio. The well-known diffusion mechanisms,including the ordinary diffusion, Knudsen diffusion, and surface diffusion, are analyzed and the diffusion in concrete is treated as a combination of these mechanisms. An improved formula for the dependence of diffusivity on pore humidity is proposed. The improved model for moisture diffusion is found to give satisfactory diffusion profiles and long-term drying predictions. The model is suited for incorporation into finite element programs for shrinkage and creep effects in concrete structures.
Fetal Neurohypophyseal Arginine Vasopressin and Arginine Vasotocin in Man and Sheep

Immunoreactive arginine vasopressin (AVP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) were quantitated in 15 of 17 human fetal pituitary glands early in gestation (11-19 weeks) and in 8 of 9 ovine fetal pituitary glands late in gestation (109-137 days). In 14 of 15 human fetal glands, AVT content exceeded that of AVP. There was a significant rise of AVP (as a percentage of total AVP plus AVT content) with gestational age over the period of 12-19 weeks (P less than 00.01). The ovine fetal glands demonstrated a preponderance of AVP over AVT. The mean AVP and AVT content in the ovine glands was 5.7 +/- 2.9 and 0.8 +/- 0.2 mU/mg gland weight, respectively, compared with the values in the human fetal pitiutaries, 0.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.2 +/- 0.2 mU/mg gland weight, respectively. The relative percentage of AVP and AVT in the ovine fetal pituitaries was 76.0+/- 9.6% and 23.9 +/- 9.6%, respectively, as contrasted to the human fetal glands, 36.7 +/- 2.7% AVP and 63.3 +/- 2.7% AVT. The preponderance of AVT over AVP in the early gestational age mammalian fetus may represent a primative first step in molecular evolution of the neurohypophyseal peptides.
A self-penetrated chiral cobalt camphorate coordination polymer with antiferromagnetically coupled paddlewheel clusters

Abstract The chiral coordination polymer [Co2(D-cmph)2(4-bpmp)]n (1, D-cmph = D-camphorate, 4-bpmp = bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine) exhibits [Co2(D-cmph)2]n layers with embedded {Co2(OCO)4} equatorial–equatorial bridged paddlewheel clusters. The long-spanning dipyridyl tethering ligands link the layers into a 6-connected 3-D self-penetrated network with 446108 mab topology, in which shortest 6-membered circuits are penetrated by two others. High thermal stability is observed for the self-penetrated network. Antiferromagnetic coupling (J = −3.9(1) cm− 1) is observed in 1.
Partitioning OWL Knowledge Bases for Parallel Reasoning

The ability to reason over large scale data and return responsive query results is widely seen as a critical step to achieving the Semantic Web vision. We describe an approach for partitioning OWL Lite datasets and then propose a strategy for parallel reasoning about concept instances and role instances on each partition. The partitions are designed such that each can be reasoned on independently to find answers to each query sub goal, and when the results are unioned together, a complete set of results are found for that sub goal. Our partitioning approach has a polynomial worst case time complexity in the size of the knowledge base. In our current implementation, we partition semantic web datasets and execute reasoning tasks on partitioned data in parallel on independent machines. We implement a master-slave architecture that distributes a given query to the slave processes on different machines. All slaves run in parallel, each performing sound and complete reasoning to execute each sub goal of its query on its own set of partitions. As a final step, master joins the results computed by the slaves. We study the impact of our parallel reasoning approach on query performance and show some promising results on LUBM data.
AN ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR INVERSE HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMS USING AN INTEGRAL METHOD

The two-dimensional linear inverse heat transfer problem is investigated using the boundary element method (BEM) in conjunction with Beck's sensitivity analysis. A calculation of the boundary temperature and heat flux history, from temperature measurements at points lying inside a two-dimensional body, is demonstrated.