cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An NMR study of acid sites on chlorided alumina catalysts using trimethylphosphine as a probe

The MAS-NMR spectra of adsorbed trimethylphosphine (TMP) were used to determine the concentration of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites on pure and chlorinatedγ-Al2O3 samples. Chlorination with CHCl3,CCl4 or AlCl3 promoted the formation of Bronsted acid centers, which are characterized by the protonated adduct of TMP. This adduct has a31P chemical shift of ca. −3.8 ppm and a JP−H scalar coupling of 517 Hz. Additional resonances in the −44 to −54 ppm range are attributed to Lewis acid-base pairs. In some cases a partially resolved JP−Al coupling is observed, which confirms the assignment. Upon thermal treatment of a chlorinated sample at temperatures > 200°C, the concentration of Bronsted acid centers decreased; the concentration of one type of Lewis acid increased and another remained almost constant. In a parallel set of experiments the initial conversion ofn-hexane at 150°C and the yields of cracking and isomerization products were determined. Comparable functional relationships were observed between the loss of Bronsted acid sites and the decrease in yields of both cracking and isomerization products. These results suggest that Bransted acidity is responsible for the cracking and isomerization ofn-hexane over chlorided aluminas at 150°C.
The Musical Origins of Igor Stravinsky’s “Apollo”

Abstract Insights into the musical origins of Stravinsky’s Apollo are discerned in part by applying he principles of versification to phrase structure throughout the work, but most especially in the music that accompanies the “birth of Apollo” and the “Pas de deux” as danced by Apollo and Terpsichore. In keeping with his understanding of classical ballet, Stravinsky endeavored to create a diatonic framework at the surface level. Nevertheless, vestiges of his Russian past are evident at deeper levels of his compositional process. It is as though Stravinsky was using the Greek masks of Greek antiquity to serve as filters for his Russian thumbprint that we associate with his earlier works.
The unusual substrate specificity of eukaryotic protein carboxyl methyltransferases

Abstract Recent studies reveal that the eukaryotic protein carboxyl methyltransferase exhibit an unexpected specificity for l-isoaspartyl sequences (aspartyl sequences in which the peptide linkage occurs via the side-chain β-carboxyl group of the aspartate). Deamidation of labile asparagine sites is probably the major source of isoaspartate in vivo . The specificity of this enzyme implies that it may play a key role in the degradation or repair of deamidation-damaged proteins.
Short-term effects of naloxone hemodynamics and baroreflex function in conscious dogs with pacing-induced congestive heart failure

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of naloxone on systemic hemodynamics and reflex function in dogs with congestive heart failure induced by rapid pacing. Background. We have shown previously that naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist, improves cardiac output, aortic blood pressure, systolic performance and the baroreflex function in conscious dogs with chronic right-sided congestive heart failure. However, whether endogenous opioids also play a role in mediating the reduction of myocardial and baroreflex function in animals with left heart failure remains controversial. Methods. We administered naloxone (1 mg/kg body weight) and normal saline solution to 15 dogs with pacing-induced congestive heart failure (225 beats/min for 8 weeks) and 11 control dogs. In addition to systemic hemodynamic measurements, the slope of pressure-area relation obtained from echocardiography with intravenous bolus injection of phenylephrine was taken as a load-independent index of myocardial contractility. Baroreflex function was estimated by the slope of the regression line relating systolic aortic pressure and RRE interval. Results. Plasma beta-endorphin levels were elevated in dags with congestive heart failure. Naloxone administration increased heart rate, mean aortic pressure, first derivative of left ventricular pressure, cardiac output and myocardial contractility in pacing-induced congestive heart failure. These changes correlated significantly with basal plasma beta-endorphin levels and were accompanied by increases in plasma beta-endorphin and catecholamines after naloxone administration. However, unlike the hemodynamic and cardiac effects of naloxone, baroreflex function did not change after naloxone in dogs with congestive heart failure. Conclusions. The increase in basal plasma beta-endorphin suggests that the endogenous opiate system is activated in lef-tsided congestive heart failure. Because naloxone improves the systemic hemodynamics and myocardial contractile function under this condition, the endogenous opioids appear to play an important role in mediating the myocardial depression that occurs in heart failure. However, the endogenous opiate system has no apparent effect on the regulation of baroreflex control in heart failure induced by rapid pacing.
Additivity failure in charge transfer from molecules to bound and continuum states of ∼MeV/uH+, He+,2+ projectiles

Abstract Additivity of “atomic” cross sections has been observed to fail in electron capture from hydrocarbon molecules to bound and continuum states of 0.6–3.2 MeV H+, He+,2+ projectiles. This failure has been attributed to, and interpreted as, intramolecular secondary collisions that “outscatter” the electrons from their original projectile-centered states. Estimates of the magnitude of this “outscattering” effect from capture-loss calculations or a geometrical scattering model agree quite well with experimental results. These calculations have been used to estimate “atomic” capture cross sections for the oxides and fluorides of C. In the case of bound state capture, these loss processes inject electrons into the continuum; evidence is presented for the observation of these electrons in the continuum cusp, but only in the case of the larger hydrocarbon molecules.
Mst1/2 signalling to Yap: gatekeeper for liver size and tumour development

The mechanisms controlling mammalian organ size have long been a source of fascination for biologists. These controls are needed to both ensure the integrity of the body plan and to restrict inappropriate proliferation that could lead to cancer. Regulation of liver size is of particular interest inasmuch as this organ maintains the capacity for regeneration throughout life, and is able to regain precisely its original mass after partial surgical resection. Recent studies using genetically engineered mouse strains have shed new light on this problem; the Hippo signalling pathway, first elucidated as a regulator of organ size in Drosophila, has been identified as dominant determinant of liver growth. Defects in this pathway in mouse liver lead to sustained liver overgrowth and the eventual development of both major types of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. In this review, we discuss the role of Hippo signalling in liver biology and the contribution of this pathway to liver cancer in humans.
Scheduling a manufacturing plant using simulated annealing and simulation

A technique for scheduling a class of manufacturing plants is described. The technique uses a simulated annealing module to create partial schedules, which are then completed and evaluated by a simulation module. The simulation module is equipped with a number of rules which it uses to complete schedules. A mathematical specification is given defining the type of scheduling problem with which we have been concerned. The derivation of a mixed integer linear programming model from this specification is discussed. The complexity of such a model for practical instances justifies the use of heuristic approaches. Results from using our approach on a case study derived from a real-world problem are presented.
Relapse From Remission at Two- to Four-Year Follow-Up in Two Treatments for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa

Objective Long-term follow-up studies documenting maintenance of treatment effects are few in adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). This exploratory study reports relapse from full remission and attainment of remission during a 4-year open follow-up period using a convenience sample of a subgroup of 65% (n = 79) from an original cohort of 121 participants who completed a randomized clinical trial comparing family-based therapy (FBT) and adolescent-focused individual therapy (AFT). Method Follow-up assessments were completed up to 4 years posttreatment (average, 3.26 years). Available participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination as well as self-report measures of self-esteem and depression at 2 to 4 years posttreatment. Results Two participants (6.1%) relapsed (FBT: n = 1, 4.5%; AFT: n = 1, 9.1%), on average 1.98 years (SD = 0.14 years) after remission was achieved at 1-year follow-up. Ten new participants (22.7%) achieved remission (FBT: n = 1, 5.9%; AFT: n = 9, 33.3%). Mean time to remission for this group was 2.01 years (SD = 0.82 years) from 1-year follow-up. There were no differences based on treatment group assignment in either relapse from full remission or new remission during long-term follow-up. Other psychopathology was stable over time. Conclusion There were few changes in the clinical presentation of participants who were assessed at long-term follow-up. These data suggest that outcomes are generally stable posttreatment regardless of treatment type once remission is achieved. Clinical trial registration information—Effectiveness of Family-Based Versus Individual Psychotherapy in Treating Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00149786.
Determination of Several Valences of Iron, Arsenic and Antimony, and Selenium in Glass

Methods for the analysis of silicate glasses are described for ferrous iron, for tri- and pentavalent arsenic and antimony when present together, and for selenium as Se2-, Se°, Se4+, and Se6+. Analytical results are presented for FeO in the range 0 to 0.25%; for total As and Sb as tri-oxide, 0.1 to 1.25%; and for total Se, 0.05 to 0.25%. Apparatus for the determination of FeO is described, and a comparison is made of analytical data for FeO versus light transmittance at 1000 and at 1050 mμ for the same glass.
Apparent horizons for boosted or spinning black holes

As part of an ongoing study of initial data for black-hole collisions, we examine the apparent horizons in initial-data sets for a single black hole with either translational or rotational velocity constructed using a systematic and easily generalized formalism. The apparent-horizon equation is formulated as a boundary-value problem that, with small changes, will be applicable to nonaxisymmetric problems. We find all apparent horizons in our numerically generated sets of initial data. A previously known exact result for spinning holes is reproduced numerically. We find new results, both exact and numerical, for the apparent horizons of black holes with linear momentum. In some of these cases an interesting structure emerges in which the apparent horizons and minimal surface intersect one another.
Reforms, the Weather, and Productivity Growth in China's Grain Sector

We use disaggregate county-level production data to study the effects of economic reform on China's grain production between 1980 and 1990. China's grain production area is divided into five regions based on geographic, agronomic, and meteorological criteria. Regional grain production functions are estimated, and weather is explicitly modeled. The institutional impact of economic reform was found to explain about 38% of the production growth from 1980 to 1985. This is lower than the estimates reported in many previous studies. Regional differences in efficiency gains from economic reform and in the effects of weather on grain production are found to be significant.
Metrology challenges for high-rate nanomanufacturing of polymer structures

The transfer of nanoscience accomplishments into commercial products is hindered by the lack of understanding of barriers to nanoscale manufacturing. We have developed a number of nanomanufacturing processes that leverage available high-rate plastics fabrication technologies. These processes include directed assembly of a variety of nanoelements, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes, which are then transferred onto a polymer substrate for the fabrication of conformal/flexible electronic materials, among other applications. These assembly processes utilize both electric fields and/or chemical functionalization. Conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes have been successfully transferred to a polymer substrate in times less than 5 minutes, which is commercially relevant and can be utilized in a continuous (reel to reel/roll to roll) process. Other processes include continuous high volume mixing of nanoelements (CNTs, etc) into polymers, multi-layer extrusion and 3D injection molding of polymer structures. These nanomanufacturing processes can be used for wide range of applications, including EMI shielding, flexible electronics, structural materials, and novel sensors (specifically for chem/bio detection). Current techniques to characterize the quality and efficacy of the processes are quite slow. Moreover, the instrumentation and metrology needs for these manufacturing processes are varied and challenging. Novel, rapid, in-line metrology to enable the commercialization of these processes is critically needed. This talk will explore the necessary measurement needs for polymer based nanomanufacturing processes for both step and continuous (reel to reel/roll to roll) processes.
Weakly nonlinear simulation of planar stratified flows

The interfacial behavior of two-fluid, planar flows is studied by numerical integration of weakly-nonlinear amplitude equations derived via eigenfunction expansion of the governing equations. This study extends the range of classic Stuart–Landau theories by the inclusion of a spectrum of modes allowing all possible quadratic and cubic interactions. Results are obtained for four cases where linear and Stuart–Landau theories do not give a complete description; gas–liquid and oil–water pressure driven flow, matched-density liquid–liquid Couette flow, and the region of gas–liquid flow near resonance that switches from supercritical to subcritical. It is found that integration of amplitude equations gives better qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiments than Stuart–Landau theory. Further, the distinctively different behaviors of these systems can be understood in terms of the spectrum of nonlinear coefficients. In gas–liquid channel flow a low wave number wave is destabilized through quadratic in...
Optimization of the design of thick, segmented scintillators for megavoltage cone-beam CT using a novel, hybrid modeling technique.

Purpose: Active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) incorporating thick, segmented scintillators have demonstrated order-of-magnitude improvements in detective quantum efficiency (DQE) at radiotherapy energies compared to systems based on conventional phosphor screens. Such improved DQE values facilitate megavoltage cone-beam CT (MV CBCT) imaging at clinically practical doses. However, the MV CBCT performance of such AMFPIs is highly dependent on the design parameters of the scintillators. In this paper, optimization of the design of segmented scintillators was explored using a hybrid modeling technique which encompasses both radiation and optical effects. Methods: Imaging performance in terms of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and spatial resolution of various hypothetical scintillator designs was examined through a hybrid technique involving Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport in combination with simulation of optical gain distributions and optical point spread functions. The optical simulations employed optical parameters extracted from a best fit to measurement results reported in a previous investigation of a 1.13 cm thick, 1016μm pitch prototype BGO segmented scintillator. All hypothetical designs employed BGO material with a thickness and element-to-element pitch ranging from 0.5 to 6 cm and from 0.508 to 1.524 mm, respectively. In the CNR study, for each design, full tomographic scans of a contrast phantommore » incorporating various soft-tissue inserts were simulated at a total dose of 4 cGy. Results: Theoretical values for contrast, noise, and CNR were found to be in close agreement with empirical results from the BGO prototype, strongly supporting the validity of the modeling technique. CNR and spatial resolution for the various scintillator designs demonstrate complex behavior as scintillator thickness and element pitch are varied—with a clear trade-off between these two imaging metrics up to a thickness of ∼3 cm. Based on these results, an optimization map indicating the regions of design that provide a balance between these metrics was obtained. The map shows that, for a given set of optical parameters, scintillator thickness and pixel pitch can be judiciously chosen to maximize performance without resorting to thicker, more costly scintillators. Conclusions: Modeling radiation and optical effects in thick, segmented scintillators through use of a hybrid technique can provide a practical way to gain insight as to how to optimize the performance of such devices in radiotherapy imaging. Assisted by such modeling, the development of practical designs should greatly facilitate low-dose, soft tissue visualization employing MV CBCT imaging in external beam radiotherapy.« less
Synthesis of isotropic carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers from pitch precursors

The influence of pitch precursor composition on the formation and properties of isotropic pitch fibers from non-conventional precursors has been examined. Changes in fiber weight that occur during the oxidative stabilization of green fibers are inversely related to the observed axial contraction. The weight gain upon stabilization also increases, and the contraction decreases with increasing pitch carbon content and aromaticity while the opposite occurs with increasing hydrogen and hetero-atom (H, N, O and S) content. Similar trends are found for fiber carbonization. The combined effects of stabilization and carbonization give a fiber yield of between 50 to 86% of the green fibers, with axial contractions of 12 to 28%, the highest yield corresponding to the smallest contraction. The net yield increases with pitch carbon content and aromaticity, and decreases with hetero-atom content, while the overall axial contraction decreases. The fiber tensile strength was found to increase with precursor carbon content, carbon yield and aromaticity. The activation rate of the derived fibers increased with increasing heteroatom content, especially oxygen content. While most fibers were microporous upon activation, fibers from shale oil and the sub-bituminous coal extract, developed a more mesoporous structure.
SAR 2000: report on the 7th Symposium of the Society for Acupuncture Research☆

Abstract Highlights of the recent conference of the Society for Acupuncture Research are presented. The diversity of presentations, from physiological correlates of acupuncture to clinical trials of acupuncture and herbs, to considerations of acupuncture effects on bioelectromagnetic fields, reflects the rapid development of research and critical thinking in the field of acupuncture and Oriental medicine.
Chicken Collagen from Law Market Value By-Products as an Alternate Source

There has been much interest in investigating possible means of making collagen from underutilized chicken by-products and it will lead to an alternate source of collagen for use in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biomedical materials, and the food industry. The objective of this research was to find methods to extract collagen from chicken skins and bones to compare the corresponding yield differences and analyze their properties. Collagen extracted by acetic acid, citric acid, alkali, one-step acetic acid and pepsin, and two-step acetic acid and pepsin extraction procedures was compared. Complete randomized design, Student’s t-test, and Tukey’s test were used to analyze the samples . The recovered dry weights for the skin extractions were 6.1, 6.2, 5, 38.7, and 40.4% and those of bone extractions were 4.4, 4.1, 4.1, 19.1, and 20.6%, respectively. Protein, fat, and inorganic material contents of collagen preparations for skin were 62.7%, 1.5%, and 0.7% and for bone were 30.4%, 1.4%, and 0.7%, respectively. This study indicates that chicken by-products have high potential use as an alternate source of collagen.
Dementia and sleep disturbances

Sleep is fragmented and disturbed in older adults with dementia. Their sleep problems vary according to dementia subtypes, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Multiple factors, such as neurobiologic mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances and dementia, primary sleep disorders, long-term care environments, and physical and mental health conditions are associated with sleep disturbances. In older adults with dementia, these disturbances negatively affect their health, quality of life and medical expenses. As a result, these adults may require placement in a long-term care institution, and their caregivers’ health may be adversely affected. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions may alleviate the symptoms associated with sleep disturbances. However, nonpharmacologic interventions, particularly when combined, have been shown to be more effective than pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of sleep disturbances in older adults with dementia.
Teaching Information Literacy Skills to Nontraditional Learners

Different teaching methods should be used when instructing adults versus those used to teach children. Adults have many life experiences, they have a need to know, and they are often highly motivated to learn as it relates to career growth and personal advancement. In this paper, the author discusses andragogy and how adult learning theory affects the learner. The principles of andragogy provide the librarian instructor with a foundation for how to teach the adult learner. Suggestions for how to apply the principles of andragogy are listed in the paper. The paper will also benefit those working in public libraries who work with lifelong learners.
THE STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT, IDENTITY, AND RELATIONSHIP OF ENDOCHYTRIUM

IN 1928 and 1931, while studying various species of Entophlyctis, the author encountered numerous unusually large thalli in cells of Nitella, Chara, Cladophora, and Elodea whose structure and method of development were strikingly similar to those of members of this chytrid genus. They were accordingly assigned to Entophlyctis as indeterminate and uncertain species. Thalli of a similar type were again found in 1933 and 1934, and in view of the fact that their taxonomic position, relationship, and identity had been left in such an unsatisfactory state, a vigorous investigation of their distribution, development, and host range was begun in the following year. In the meantime, however, Dangeard (1932) reported a large chytrid in Cladophora glomerata to which he gave the name E. maxima and whose sporangia are markedly similar in size and shape to those previously described by the author from Cladophora sp. Furthermore, in the following year Sparrow (1933) described another large and somewhat similar chytrid species from the same host with operculate zoosporangia for which he established a new genus and species, Endochytrium ramosum. The thalli of this species also show a striking likeness to those of Entophlyctis sp. reported by the author, but according to Sparrow's figures they are polycentric with one to several zoosporangia and lack spindle-shaped enlargements or "sammelzellen." Accordingly, as described by Sparrow and primarily on the basis of its polycentricity in organization, Endochytrium falls outside of the limits of the Rhizidiaceae and belongs perhaps in the Cladochytriaceae, as this latter family has been defined by Fischer (1892), Schr6ter (1897), Minden (1911), Fitzpatrick (1930), and Bessey (1935). There are thus three recent accounts in the literature concerning chytrids which are quite similar in superficial appearance and occur intramatrically in the same host, but which have been assigned to two different genera. It became highly essential thus to know whether or not the forms previously described by the author were identical with those of Dangeard (1932) and Sparrow (1933). The results so far obtained from an extensive study involving inoculation of numerous host plants and growth on synthetic media are rather decisive and indicate that we have not only been dealing with one and the same species, but that it was figured and described by de Wildeman (1895) over forty years ago as Rhizophlyctis operculata. As time went on, it became apparent that de Wildeman's species did not belong in Rhizophlyctis, and in 1911 Mlinden transferred it to Rhizidium, where it has remained until the present time. However, as will become obvious later in this paper, its method of development precludes its inclusion in Rhizidium
Three-dimensional perturbations of particles in a narrow planetary ring

The complex form of Saturn's F ring is presently addressed through a numerical modeling of short-term 3D narrow-ring dynamics with the Gauss perturbation equations. The distance of closest approach, which determines the strength of interaction, is noted to depend on orbital orientation as well as on orbital eccentricity and the semimajor-axis separation of the ring particle from the perturbing satellite. Perturbations to substantial inclinations through the appropriate choice of parameters are illustrated by simulations of a narrow ring initially consisting of three strands of 800 particles each, and it is demonstrated that the modest, out-of-plane satellite-induced vertical and horizontal distortions of three narrow bands generate a structure akin to the 'braided' F-ring.
Composition of Dyads as a Factor in the Outcomes of Workplace Justice: Two Field Assessments

Although procedural justice in the workplace has been a topic of increasing interest (e.g., Aram & Salipante, 1981; Ewing 1977a, 1977b; Folger & Greenberg, 1985; Gordon & Miller, 1984; Smith, 1983;...
Conformational rearrangements in the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, as it inserts into mitochondria: a cellular death switch.

The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins regulates the activation of apoptosis through the mitochondria pathway. Pro- and anti-apoptotic members of this family keep each other in check until the correct time to commit to apoptosis. The point of no return for this commitment is the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Translocation of the pro-apoptotic member, Bax, from the cytosol to the mitochondria is the molecular signature of this event. We employed a novel method to reliably detect Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between pairs of fluorophores to identify intra-molecular conformational changes and inter-molecular contacts in Bax as this translocation occurs in live cells. In the cytosol, our FRET measurement indicated that the C-terminal helix is exposed instead of tucked away in the core of the protein. In addition fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) showed that cytosolic Bax diffuses much slower than expected, suggesting possible complex formation or transient membrane interaction. Cross-linking the C-terminal helix (α9) to helix α4 reduced the potential of those interactions to occur. After translocation, our FRET measurements showed that Bax molecules form homo-oligomers in the mitochondria through two distinct interfaces involving the BH3 domain (helix α2) and the C-terminal helix. These findings have implications for possible contacts with other Bcl-2 proteins necessary for the regulation of apoptosis.
Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography—mass spectrometry

Abstract The physical and chemical characteristics of supercritical fluids have prompted the development of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for the analysis of labile and less volatile compounds. High-resolution chromatographic separations with efficiencies approaching those of gas chromatography and high speed analyses are possible in capillary SFC using pressure programming methods and narrow bore columns. Further refinement of the SFC—mass spectrometry (SFC—MS) interface provides the basis for extension to more polar fluid systems with greater solvating power and the selectivity and sensitivity of mass spectrometric detection. The use of polar modified fluids has been facilitated by advances in understanding of supercritical fluid phase behavior. Fluid mixtures have been prepared for analysis of more polar, higher molecular weight analytes, that allow mild chromatographic temperatures and full exploitation of selectivity offered through control of fluid pressure ( i.e. , density). Continuing development of the SFC—MS interface has led to designs which can be near routinely applied with fluids such as carbon dioxide, and providing enhanced transport of truly nonvolatile compounds to the mass spectrometer ionization region. These advances also include an SFC interface to a high resolution, dual electric magnetic sector instrument, allowing supercritical fluid solvents to be exploited for on-line extraction—mass spectrometry for characterization of complex, often otherwise intractable, materials.
A two-stage estimation procedure when there may be spurious observations

SUMMARY In laboratories where blood samples are analyzed, it is common to use a two-stage procedure for estimating a reaction time. The procedure consists of making two independent determinations and if they differ by more than d units, a third determination is made. In the case of a third determination, one of the first two is discarded and the estimate is the average of the retained observations. Assuming that each observation is, with some probability, a spurious one the bias and the mean square error of the estimator are derived. The problem of choosing the d value is considered. The effects of changes in the d value on the bias and the mean square error are examined.
Boiling in low-permeability porous materials

Abstract Experimental observations are reported on boiling in a vertical circular cylinder heated from below and cooled from above. The cylinder is rilled with low-permeability, water-saturated porous materials. With the onset of boiling an almost isothermal, 2-phase (wet steam) zone forms near the bottom. This zone is overlain by a liquid layer with an essentially linear vertical temperature gradient. The temperature field in the overlying liquid layer is oscillatory whenever the height of the 2-phase zone exceeds a critical value. A simple 1-dim. model is used to predict the height of the 2-phase zone, the dry-out heat flux, and a necessary condition for the formation of a 2-phase zone.
A new algorithm for the initial evaluation and management of supraventricular tachycardia

Interpretations by physicians and those generated by electrocardiograph computer softwares have poor ability to recognize different types of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Therefore, we developed and tested a new SVT algorithm based on easily identifiable morphological characteristics and a simple dichotomous yes/no format regarding initial electrocardiographic manifestation and response pattern. The algorithm was then tested by medical house staff during the initial evaluation of 50 adult ED and cardiac intensive care unit patients suspected of having SVT. For a wide representation of SVTs, the new algorithm gave an overall diagnostic accuracy rate of 90%. Adenosine use was limited to 54% of the cases. No patient developed hemodynamic instability after algorithm-dictated interventions were carried out. Electrocardiograph computer-generated diagnoses correctly identified the specific type of SVT in 38% of the cases. This study shows the effectiveness of the proposed new algorithm in the rapid bedside evaluation and management of SVTs and confirms that computer-generated diagnoses are unreliable.
Disruption of TLR3 Signaling Due to Cleavage of TRIF by the Hepatitis A Virus Protease-Polymerase Processing Intermediate, 3CD

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and cytosolic RIG-I-like helicases (RIG-I and MDA5) sense viral RNAs and activate innate immune signaling pathways that induce expression of interferon (IFN) through specific adaptor proteins, TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), respectively. Previously, we demonstrated that hepatitis A virus (HAV), a unique hepatotropic human picornavirus, disrupts RIG-I/MDA5 signaling by targeting MAVS for cleavage by 3ABC, a precursor of the sole HAV protease, 3Cpro, that is derived by auto-processing of the P3 (3ABCD) segment of the viral polyprotein. Here, we show that HAV also disrupts TLR3 signaling, inhibiting poly(I:C)-stimulated dimerization of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), IRF-3 translocation to the nucleus, and IFN-β promoter activation, by targeting TRIF for degradation by a distinct 3ABCD processing intermediate, the 3CD protease-polymerase precursor. TRIF is proteolytically cleaved by 3CD, but not by the mature 3Cpro protease or the 3ABC precursor that degrades MAVS. 3CD-mediated degradation of TRIF depends on both the cysteine protease activity of 3Cpro and downstream 3Dpol sequence, but not 3Dpol polymerase activity. Cleavage occurs at two non-canonical 3Cpro recognition sequences in TRIF, and involves a hierarchical process in which primary cleavage at Gln-554 is a prerequisite for scission at Gln-190. The results of mutational studies indicate that 3Dpol sequence modulates the substrate specificity of the upstream 3Cpro protease when fused to it in cis in 3CD, allowing 3CD to target cleavage sites not normally recognized by 3Cpro. HAV thus disrupts both RIG-I/MDA5 and TLR3 signaling pathways through cleavage of essential adaptor proteins by two distinct protease precursors derived from the common 3ABCD polyprotein processing intermediate.
Galactosemia presenting with gangrene.

Summary A patient with galactosemia presenting with bilateral pedal gangrene and ascites is presented. The cause of gangrene is obscure, but it may be presumed to be due to sepsis associated with multiple small venous and capillary thromboses.
Premenstrual syndrome in women with mental handicap: a pilot study

(1993). PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME IN WOMEN WITH MENTAL HANDICAP: A PILOT STUDY. The British Journal of Development Disabilities: Vol. 39, No. 77, pp. 104-107.
DBSnap: Learning Database Queries by Snapping Blocks

A significant amount of recent research in Computer Science Education has focused on studying block-based programming. In this approach, computer programs are created by connecting blocks and the blocks' shapes determine the permitted connections. The focus is on the program's logic instead of its syntax. This paper introduces DBSnap, a web-based application to build database queries, particularly relational algebra queries, by snapping blocks. DBSnap fully supports the construction of intuitive database query trees, which is one of the most effective approaches to teach database queries. DBSnap is also highly dynamic and shows the query results as the query is being built. The user can also inspect, at any time, the intermediate results of any query node. This paper presents DBSnap's design and implementation details, an evaluation of its effectiveness as a learning environment, and a thorough comparison with alternative ways to teach query languages. DBSnap is publicly available and aims to have the same transformational effect on database learning as previous block-based systems had on traditional programming learning.
Clustering and Gender Schemata An Uncertain Link

Following the procedures of Bem (1981), an attempt was made to replicate the relationship between the assumed use of a gender schema as indexed by scores on the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the clustering of gender-related words in recall. Although comparable levels of overall clustering were obtained, there was no observable relationship between the masculinity and femininity scales of the BSRI, combined in a number of different ways, and indices of gender-related clustering. Both methodological and conceptual issues are discussed.
Auditing Hash Sets: Lessons Learned from Jurassic Park

Auditing a set of cryptographic hashes allows a forensic examiner to determine the state of a target directory as compared to those hashes. Unlike traditional hash comparison methods, an audit takes into account all of the files in the target directory and their relative paths. Not taking these data into account can impair examinations and tool certifications. An audit examines each file in the target directory, computes its hash, and compares it to a file containing the known hash values. Any file not in the set of known hashes is flagged as being inserted. When all of the files in the target directory have been examined, any known hashes that have not been matched are flagged as being missing. The result is a complete picture comparing the set of known hashes and the target directory.
Neonatal capsaicin modifies morphine withdrawal signs in the rat

Abstract Rats received injections of either capsaicin (50 mg/kg, s.c.) or the capsaicin vehicle at two days of age. When the animals were 90–120 days of age they were implanted with morphine or placebo pellets (s.c.) for 3 (one pellet) or 6 (3 pellets) days. Naloxone (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) produced no effects in the placebo-pelleted groups but elicited salivation, lacrimation and rhinorrhea in the morphine-treated animals. These abstinence signs were less severe in the morphine-pelleted rats (3- and 6-day groups) that were treated as neonates with capsaicin. However, the neonatal capsaicin treatment increased the number of naloxone-precipitated wet-dog shakes in morphine-dependent rats. The increase was statistically significant in rats treated with morphine for 3 but not 6 days. Since capsaicin induces a long-lasting depletion of substance P and other peptides in peripheral and central neurons, it was concluded that substance P or other related peptides may be involved in the expression of some signs of opioid withdrawal.
Relationship between in vivo and in vitro 17α-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activity in ovaries of immature hypophysectomized rats treated chronically with human chorionic gonadotropin

The production of 3H2O from 17 alpha-3H-progesterone and 14CH3COOH from [21-14C]progesterone were used to measure the 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities respectively in the microsomal + mitochondrial fraction of homogenates of ovaries from immature hypophysectomized rats chronically treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The highly stimulated thecal and interstitial tissues were considered the only source of enzyme. hCG produced an increase in 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione, but a drastic decrease in enzyme activity within 6 h; this could be largely prevented by pretreatment of the rats with cycloheximide or aminoglutethimide but actinomycin D was ineffective. After a nadir at 24 h, enzyme activities increased to more than double those of the starting level; this could be prevented by cycloheximide. Maximal activity levels were greatly decreased by cycloheximide and modestly increased by aminoglutethimide. Cessation of treatment at 60 h followed by a single injection of hCG 24 h later did not cause a loss, but delays of 36 or more hours produced a dramatic decrease in enzyme activity, which could be prevented by aminoglutethimide. The results indicate that the level of activity of these enzymes attained in the ovary following exposure to hCG is determined by a balance between the amount of substrate provided and production of enzyme and/or stimulating factors. Therefore, maintenance of increased enzyme activity induced by gonadotropin appears to be under genomic control.
Small clauses reconsidered: Not so small and not all alike

Abstract This paper re-examines a syntactic typology of small clause constructions, based on new crosslinguistic evidence from languages that allow two different kinds of copula elements: verbal copulas and pronominal copulas. Such languages include Arabic ( Eid, 1983 ), Hebrew ( Doron, 1983 , Rapoport, 1987 ), Russian ( Pereltsvaig, 2001 ), Polish ( Rothstein, 1986 ), Scottish Gaelic ( Adger and Ramchand, 2003 ), among others. The two types of copular constructions in these languages have been argued to correlate with a difference in interpretation along the predicational/equative dimension, and with a structural difference involving the size of the small clause. This paper re-examines both semantic and syntactic differences between the two types, focusing on new data from Polish. It focuses on selection, case, extraction possibilities, and interpretation, and argues that the differences between the two types of small clauses lie not in the size of the small clause, but in the featural make-up of the functional projection heading it.
Soft-switched hybrid modulation scheme for pulsating-Dc-link converters

A soft-switched modulation scheme is outlined for a high-frequency capacitor-less pulsating-dc-link inverter to mitigate switching loss of an ac/ac converter of the inverter. A front-end dc/pulsating-dc converter followed by an ac/dc converter encodes two streams of information on a pulsating-dc link using pulse placement to provide soft switching condition for the ac/ac converter. The soft-switching scheme is based on modulation using no auxiliary circuit. The soft-switching operation of the ac/ac converter is verified using a prototype 1kW, 72 V/208 V inverter.
Light, pressure, and rectilinear propagation: Descartes' celestial optics and Newton's hydrostatics

NEWTON’S early encounter with the Cartesian scientific corpus-La Dioptrique, La Glomtbie and Principia philosophiae’--left a permanent mark on his later scientific development. If Newton’s contemporaries interpreted his work largely as a rejection of the Cartesian system of philosophy, today we understand the Cartesian influence to have been so pervasive and complex that Newton could not overcome it simply by refuting it. We still recognize the ultimate rejection of the Cartesian system, but we also see the many Cartesian concepts which Newton accepted, further developed, and finally incorporated into his own work. Broadly speaking, we can characterize the Cartesian influence in the following way. While still an undergraduate Newton read Descartes’ scientific works and took from them primarily specific scientific concepts and techniques. We can, for example, see this in his optics, by his treatment of refraction from La Dioptrique; in his mathematics, by his researches in algebra, analytic geometry and calculus from La Ge’omt?trie; and in his mechanics, by his formulation of the law of inertia and calculation
Inferences from the dynamical history of Mercury's rotation

The history of Mercury's spin angular momentum is reviewed. It is shown that the current nonsynchronous but resonant spin and the nearly zero obliquity place almost no restrictions on the primordial spin state. The only exception comes about from a liquid core-solid mantle interaction which excludes a slow primordial spin concurrent with a large obliquity. The current occupancy of a final evolutionary spin state leads to the description of a scheme by which we can determine the extent of a currently liquid Mercurian core.
Predictors of engagement in postpartum weight self-management behaviours in the first 12 weeks after birth.

Aim To explore factors that influence postpartum weight self-management behaviours. Transitions Theory and the Integrated Theory of Health Behaviour Change guided selection of variables. Transition conditions, level of patient activation and social facilitation were examined for association with postpartum weight self-management behaviours. Background Retention of pregnancy weight increases risk of overweight and obesity later in life. Little is known about what women do to self-manage return to pre-pregnant weight and how providers can influence their behaviours. Design Prospective, longitudinal, correlational. Methods Data collection occurred from March through October, 2013. One hundred and twenty-four women completed surveys during postpartum hospitalization; telephone interviews were completed by 91 women at 6 weeks and 66 women at 12 weeks. Standard and hierarchical multiple regression methods were used for analyses. Results Transition difficulty was negatively associated with patient activation and immediate postbirth patient activation was positively associated with eating behaviours at 6 weeks, eating behaviours at 12 weeks and physical activity at 12 weeks. Social support and social influence were not significant predictors in the regression models. Conclusion Patients experiencing a difficult postpartum transition have lower activation levels; those less activated are less probably to engage in weight self-management behaviours in the 12 weeks following their baby's birth. Patient activation level should be considered in tailoring promotion of healthy postpartum weight management.
Sjogren's syndrome.

Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder manifested predominately by xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes). It can also affect many body systems. Up to 5% of people over the age of 60 years have primary Sjogren's syndrome, and approximately one third of patients present with extraglandular (systemic) manifestations. This disease is seen mostly in middle-aged women, with a small but significant proportion of these women developing lymphoid neoplasia. The exact etiology is still unknown. This autoimmune disorder is characterized by B-cell activation, the production of numerous auto-antibodies, and the loss of immune tolerance. Salivary gland biopsy remains the most helpful diagnostic test. Treatment is aimed at moisture replacement, which alleviates the discomfort and slows the destructive process. Because of its prevalence in older women, the obstetrician-gynecologist must be aware of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to Sjogren's syndrome.
An assessment of automatically dispensed primate reinforcers.

The use of automated test apparatus has posed a special problem in providing food reinforcement. These reinforcers must satisfy various criteria: reliability of delivery by an automatic feeder; some uniformity of amount and shape; economic availability; and consistency of high-preference value. These experiments are an attempt to determine the relative preference values of a number of reinforcers which, to some extent, meet the other criteria.
Stable Limit Cycles due to Nonlinear Damping in Dual-Spin Spacecraft

It is demonstrated that in the presence of energy dissipators on both rotor and despun platform of a dual-spin spacecraft it is possible for the vehicle to be unstable in its nominal attitude with rotor spin axis inertially stationary, but stable in a nearby state of free precession. Heuristic "energy sink" arguments are used to predict the indicated stability behavior for systems with various kinds of damping nonlinear!ties, and these predictions are confirmed by digital computer simulation. The similar anomalous flight behavior of Tacsat 1 is cited as evidence of the practical implications of this phenomenon.
Shortcut to mycothiol analogues

The synthesis of a simplified thioglycosidic analogue (2) of mycothiol (1) is described. Evaluation of 2 against mycothiol S-conjugate amidase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals good specific activity (7500 nmol min-1 mg-protein-1, vs 14 200 for 1), indicating that 2 can serve as a starting point for antitubercular drug design.