cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory for Transition Metal Silicide Bond Dissociation Energies, Bond Lengths, and State Orderings.

Transition metal silicides are promising materials for improved electronic devices, and this motivates achieving a better understanding of transition metal bonds to silicon. Here we model the ground and excited state bond dissociations of VSi, NbSi, and TaSi using a complete active space (CAS) wave function and a separated-pair (SP) wave function combined with two post-self-consistent field techniques: complete active space with perturbation theory at second order and multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory. The SP approximation is a multiconfiguration self-consistent field method with a selection of configurations based on generalized valence bond theory without the perfect pairing approximation. For both CAS and SP, the active-space composition corresponds to the nominal correlated-participating-orbital scheme. The ground state and low-lying excited states are explored to predict the state ordering for each molecule, and potential energy curves are calculated for the ground state to compare to experiment. The experimental bond dissociation energies of the three diatomic molecules are predicted with eight on-top pair-density functionals with a typical error of 0.2 eV for a CAS wave function and a typical error of 0.3 eV for the SP approximation. We also provide a survey of the accuracy achieved by the SP and extended separated-pair approximations for a broader set of 25 transition metal–ligand bond dissociation energies.
Worlds Apart: Technology, Remote Work, and Equity

Two major phenomena shaped the U.S. news for most of 2020: the COVID-19 pandemic and a new civil rights movement. In this article, we examine the intersection of these events and their effects on the tech work landscape.
Pyrolyzed Ca-impregnated lignite for aqueous phosphate removal: Batch and column studies

Abstract Lignite is an abundant carbon material with a variable surface structure and low cation density The introduction of metal (hydr)oxide phases has improved the anionic binding potential of lignite. In this study, activated lignite (A−L), Ca2+−modified lignite (Ca−L), and Ca2+−modified activated lignite (Ca−A−L) were synthesized to remove aqueous phosphate. Lignite was first activated (KOH: lignite, mass ratio, 3:1) at 750 oC to prepare A−L, improving its surface area by ~984-fold. Ca−L (27 wt% Ca) showed a large phosphate uptake (227.3 mg/g) (adsorbent dose 50 mg, 25 mL of 10–1500 ppm phosphate, 24 h, 25 °C, initial pH 6), due to the large amounts of micro-sized CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, and CaO particles in Ca−L. These particles actively precipitate phosphate/hydrophosphate as CaHPO4/Ca3(PO4)2. The breakthrough capacity of a 2.0 g Ca−L bed column (bed height 2.5 cm, diameter 1 cm) was 58.2 mg/g (flow rate 1.5 mL/min, 25 oC, initial [PO43-] = 46.6 mg/L, particle size, 125–150 µm), ~4 fold lower than the maximum Langmuir sorption capacity. An interference study indicated that Ca−L is highly selective for phosphate. Spent Ca−L may improve soil fertility as it retains more phosphate species for later slow-release to the soil. Unit weight of phosphate can be removed by Ca−L more inexpensively than Norit ROW and Darco KB (two commercial activated carbon carbons). Precipitated Ca2+ phosphates/hydrophosphates in exhausted Ca−L can be recovered using HCl and Ca−L recycled. Moreover, low-cost lignite is a promising carbon support for the future synthesis of different value-added products.
Dyslexia in the Context of Social Work: Screening and Early Intervention:

Dyslexia, the most common learning disability, is associated with poor academic, economic, vocational, and health outcomes. Disproportionately, dyslexia is undiagnosed and untreated in children who...
Abstract B115: PD0332991 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death among both men and women in the United States, with an overall survival rate of 6%. Moreover, the median survival in PDAC is only five to six months, underscoring the need for improved therapies. Cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle dysregulation is a major target in cancer treatment. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and cyclin inhibitors act as anti-proliferative agents that target upregulated cell-cycle progression proteins in various tumors. The efficacy of PD0332991, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, is currently being investigated in clinical trials in patients with retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-positive breast, ovarian, and non-small-cell lung cancers, but has not yet been examined for treatment in PDAC. We have recently shown that PD0332991 inhibits cell proliferation in PDAC cell lines but initiates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induces cancer cell invasion in some of these cells. Using human PDAC tissues and tissues from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of PDAC, we also recently showed that loss of RB function is common in PDAC. To further assess the therapeutic potential of PD0332991 in PDAC, we now compared its effects in PANC-1 human PDAC cells (wild-type RB1 gene) and in murine PDAC cells devoid of RB that were derived from a GEMM expressing mutant KRAS G12D (KRC mice). In PANC-1 cells, PD0332991 (1 μM) inhibited proliferation and induced EMT. By contrast, in KRC 1022-4 murine PDAC cells, the same concentration of PD0332991 induced EMT without altering proliferation. Moreover, removal of PD0332991 from the incubation medium reversed its growth inhibitory actions in PANC-1 cells, but did not reverse its effects on EMT in either PANC-1 or KRC 1022-4 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that PD0332991 may exert long-term deleterious effects in patients with PDAC limiting its potential therapeutic use in this deadly cancer, except in conjunction with agents that target EMT. This study was supported, in part, by NCI grant R37-075059 to MK. Citation Format: I. E. Imasuen, A. Jesse Gore, M. Korc. PD0332991 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B115.
Identification and Cobamide Coenzyme-dependent Formation of 3,5-Diaminohexanoic Acid, an Intermediate in Lysine Fermentation

Abstract When 14C-l-lysine is incubated with cell-free extracts of Clostridium SB4, a new basic amino acid is formed. This compound does not accumulate when lysine is fermented in the presence of intrinsic factor. The basic amino acid has been isolated in radiochemically pure form. It is not oxidized by chloramine-T or periodate, it yields about 1 mole of acetic acid per mole in the Kuhn-Roth C-terminal methyl group determination, and it reversibly forms a lactam. The data support the conclusion that this new amino acid, which requires a cobamide coenzyme for formation, is 3,5-diaminohexanoic acid. The basic amino acid is readily fermented to volatile acids by extracts of Clostridium SB4. It appears to be an intermediate in the fermentation of lysine.
What Test Results Don't Reveal

(1989). What Test Results Don't Reveal. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 122-124.
Power-weighting-based multiple input and multiple output control strategy for single-phase PV cascaded H-bridge multilevel grid-connected inverter

This paper presents a power-weighting-based multiple input and multiple output control strategy and performance improvements schemes for single-phase PV cascaded H-bridge multilevel grid-connected inverter. The truly individual MPPT block for each H-bridge converter realizes independent MPPT, and the sum of each voltage reference provides the system voltage reference for the voltage loop. And the sum of each PV voltage is the system voltage feedback. The output of the voltage controller delivers the peak value of the sinusoidal current reference. The output of this central current controller is assigned directly according to the PV power weighting factors to create the coordinated control signals for PWM generation of each H-bridge respectively. This approach makes the control structure for this cascaded multilevel inverter have only one central dual loop controller, and the PWM generation will be decoupled from the voltage controllers. This feature is similar with the single H-bridge inverter's dual loop control. Furthermore, to improve the dynamic response of the voltage loops, a sample and hold block at double line frequency is included in each voltage loop. Therefore, the voltage loop bandwidth will increase to 25∼30Hz and the MPPT speed will be much faster as well. Besides, the power-based duty-ratio feed-forward technique is proposed to improve the current loop performance. Finally, simulated and experimental results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed control approaches.
Mobile IT: Applications and Infrastructure

Mobile IT is the area focused on mobility support for users, products, and services. Advances in mobile devices, applications, and wireless infrastructure have enabled this support at many different levels. An overview of mobile IT is presented in terms of applications, wireless infrastructure, and the future. Keywords: wireless; mobile; applications; location-based service; mobile health applications
On the determinacy of results obtained in a study of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of ceramic materials

In a study of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of ceramic materials, for the purpose of a more complete characterization of specimens (to include the number and the development of microcracks), it is proposed that the parameters of mechanical strength be added.
Elastic training for the prevention of mandibular drift following mandibulectomy in dogs: 18 cases (2005-2008).

Objective: To describe a noninvasive method for preventing mandibular drift (MD) after mandibulectomy in dogs. Study Design: Technique description and case series. Animals: Dogs (n=18) that had mandibulectomy involving resection of a portion of the mandible caudal to the 2nd mandibular premolar tooth. Methods: One orthodontic button was attached to the lingual aspect of the canine tooth of the intact mandible and 1 to the buccal aspect of the ipsilateral maxillary 4th premolar tooth. An orthodontic elastic rubber chain was attached to the buttons creating tension sufficient for maintaining normal occlusion. The rubber chain was replaced weekly by the clients. Follow-up appointments were scheduled 2, 6, 10 weeks postoperatively and monthly thereafter if indicated. The appliance was removed when dogs had resumed normal occlusion of the canine teeth. Results: All dogs maintained normal occlusion, normal jaw function, had no apparent disfigurement, and resumed preoperative activity levels while wearing the appliance. Eight dogs achieved temporomandibular joint stability and normal occlusion 4.5–6 months postoperatively and 8 did not, resulting in MD. One dog was lost for follow-up and 1 was euthanatized. Conclusion: Elastic training using orthodontic buttons and power chain is a viable option for prevention of MD but requires good client compliance. More data and longer follow-up are required to determine the long-term mandibular stabilizing potential of this technique. Clinical Relevance: Elastic training is a quick, simple, cost-effective and noninvasive technique, preserving normal occlusion and function in many dogs after mandibulectomy.
A novel subpopulation of B-1 cells is enriched with autoreactivity in normal and lupus-prone mice.

Objective B-1 cells have long been suggested to play an important role in lupus. However, reports to date have been controversial regarding their pathogenic or protective roles in different animal models. We undertook this study to investigate a novel subpopulation of B-1 cells and its roles in murine lupus. Methods Lymphocyte phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Autoantibody secretion was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, autoantigen proteome array, and antinuclear antibody assay. Cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation and 5,6-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dilution. B cell Ig isotype switching was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results Anti–double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) autoantibodies were preferentially secreted by a subpopulation of CD5+ B-1 cells that expressed programmed death ligand 2 (termed L2pB1 cells). A substantial proportion of hybridoma clones generated from L2pB1 cells reacted to dsDNA. Moreover, these clones were highly cross-reactive with other lupus-related autoantigens. L2pB1 cells were potent antigen-presenting cells and promoted Th17 cell differentiation in vitro. A dramatic increase of circulating L2pB1 cells in lupus-prone BXSB mice was correlated with elevated serum titers of anti-dsDNA antibodies. A significant number of L2pB1 cells preferentially switched to IgG1 and IgG2b when stimulated with interleukin-21. Conclusion Our findings identify a novel subpopulation of B-1 cells that is enriched for autoreactive specificities, undergoes isotype switch, manifests enhanced antigen presentation, promotes Th17 cell differentiation, and is preferentially associated with the development of lupus in a murine model. Together, these findings suggest that L2pB1 cells have the potential to initiate autoimmunity through serologic and T cell–mediated mechanisms.
Electromagnetic induction for mapping textural contrasts of mine tailing deposits

Abstract Mine tailings present an important legacy of past and present ore-extraction activities in the Desert Southwest. Inactive mine tailings have no immediate economic role in current mining operations, yet from an environmental point of view it is important that such deposits are stabilized to prevent mass movement, wind or water erosion, leaching of chemicals such as acid mine drainage, and to reduce visual blight. In the presented study, we assess the potential for inferring textural properties of mine tailing deposits with electromagnetic induction (EMI) mapping as a means of informing efforts to establish vegetation at mine waste sites. EMI measurements of apparent electrical conductivity (EC a ) and tailing samples were collected at a mine waste site in Southern Arizona, USA and used to test empirical and theoretical relationships between EC a and physical and mineralogical properties using linear and Gaussian process regression. Sensitivity analyses of a semi-theoretical and a regression model of EC a as a function of tailing properties indicated that volumetric clay fraction in the top 60 cm was a primary influence on bulk electrical conductivity along with water content, conductivity of the soil water and the presence of conductive minerals hematite and pyrite. At this site, latitude and longitude were better predictors of clay content than EC a , and while it was possible to obtain information about the spatial distribution of tailing texture using EMI, simple Kriging of texture data was a more powerful textural mapping technique. We conclude that EMI is a useful tool for mapping tailing texture at waste deposit sites, but due to physical and chemical heterogeneity of tailing deposits, it is necessary to collect more in situ samples than are needed for agricultural applications.
Semiconductor lasers in analytical chemistry

Laser spectroscopy has become a widely used popular technique in analytical chemistry during the laser decade. Numerous studies have documented the results of the advantages of lasers (low detection limits, for example); however, most of the applications have focused on the use of relatively expensive lasers. Much less effort has been directed toward the development of analytical methods using semiconductor lasers. With the development of semiconductor lasers a new approach to laser enhanced analytical methods has become possible. Semiconductor lasers are a source of monochromatic, tunable coherent beams of light, characteristic of other types of lasers, with the additional benefit of compactness. At the present time semiconductor lasers are available only for the red and the near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum, a situation that required the development of new methods for giving analytically useful signals in the NIR spectral region. The shortwave NIR region of the spectrum is advantageous due to its relatively low interference. Fluorescence spectroscopy is an inherently sensitive technique; however, the analysis of complicated biological samples may require the simultaneous acquisition of absorption spectra. In this regard absorption measurement involves the use of multiple spectroscopic parameters to increase the specificity of the measurement. Laser diodes are excellent light sources for both absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Low detection limits may be achieved using the intracavity method for absorption measurements. Moreover, laser intracavity spectroscopy has an important advantage when implemented with laser diodes: the built-in integral monitoring photodiode (PIN) can be used as a detector. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods of laser diode control are discussed in this paper, as are several different analytical applications. Simultaneous fluorescence detection is also possible with an additional detector. Superior detection limits may be achieved using NIR laser diode excited fluorescence spectroscopy. In this paper the use of NIR laser diode spectroscopy in analytical chemistry is demonstrated.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evidence that x-irradiation inhibits DNA replicon initiation in Chinese hamster cells.

Summary Analysis of DNA replicated 20–30 min after x-irradiation showed that the relative size distribution of single-strand DNA was deficient in DNA 4 × 107 daltons. During this time, depressed thymidine incorporation into total DNA could be accounted for by failure to replicate DNA
Coordinate Regulation of Yeast Ribosomal Protein Genes Is Associated with Targeted Recruitment of Esa1 Histone Acetylase

The Esa1-containing NuA4 histone acetylase complex can interact with activation domains in vitro and stimulate transcription on reconstituted chromatin templates. In yeast cells, Esa1 is targeted to a small subset of promoters in an activator-specific manner. Esa1 is specifically recruited to ribosomal protein (RP) promoters, and this recruitment appears to require binding by Rap1 or Abf1. Esa1 is important for RP transcription, and Esa1 recruitment to RP promoters correlates with coordinate regulation of RP genes in response to growth stimuli. However, following Esa1 depletion, H4 acetylation decreases dramatically at many loci, but transcription is not generally affected. Therefore, the transcription-associated targeted recruitment of Esa1 to RP promoters occurs in a background of more global nontargeted acetylation that is itself not required for transcription.
Petroleum Engineering Education in the Year 2000

Petroleum engineering education is tied directly to the needs of the drilling and production sectors of the petroleum industry. The demand for petroleum engineering graduates has experienced the same boom-and-bust cycles as the petroleum industry. Since 1956, undergraduate petroleum engineering enrollments have been as low as 1,000 and as high as 10,000. These extreme fluctuations in enrollment have caused severe problems for petroleum educational programs. The article describes undergraduate petroleum engineering programs, effects of new technology and new areas of emphasis in the petroleum engineering curricula.
Response Surface Designs for Factors at Two and Three Levels and at Two and Four Levels

The choice of an experimental design suitable for fitting a graduating polynomial can be made according to a number of criteria, depending on the problem involved. Difficulties arise when, although the factors are continuous in nature, the number of levels is specified by some external considerations. For example, if some factors can be examined at only two levels, the graduating function cannot include quadratic terms in those variables, but all second order terms for variables to be examined at three or more levels can be permitted. For such cases, a restricted model and special experimental designs are needed. This paper considers the problem when there are some factors at two levels and some factors at three levels, and when there are some factors at two levels and some factors at four levels.
Congenital arhinia with de novo reciprocal translocation, t(3;12)(q13.2;p11.2)

A female newborn suffering from congenital arhinia with complete airway obstruction is reported. In addition, she had hypertelorism, microphthalmia, high-arched palate, and hypoplasia of the auditory canal and mastoid and facial bones, along with the absence of olfactory bulbs and tracts. She had a de novo reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 3q13.2 and 12p11.2. Certain gene(s) located at either of the breakpoints, 3q13.2 and 12p11.2, may be involved in the pathogenesis of her arhinia.
Anagram solving as a function of bigram frequency

Summary In three experiments on anagram solving, the variables were high vs. low total bigram frequency both of the anagrams and the solution words. In two of the experiments, spacing between letters of the anagrams was varied. Subjects were run in groups with all anagrams presented at once in two experiments and individually with one anagram at a time in the third experiment. The time allowed for solving was varied from experiment to experiment. With the exception that more anagrams were solved as more time was alowed, no main variable had any consistent effect across experiments. The consistent finding over all three experiments was a highly significant interaction between bigram frequency total of anagram and word. Anagrams with low totals were solved more easily for words with low than for words with high totals. Anagrams with high totals were solved more easily for words with high than with low totals. Certain interpretations of this interaction were discussed.
Middle turbinectomy for exposure in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: when is it necessary?

Objectives: To evaluate the benefits of middle turbinectomy on the exposure of the skull base structures. Design: An anatomical study on 20 fresh cadaver heads. Methods: The extent of the exposure of the skull base structures during endoscopic endonasal approach has not been addressed specifically in respect to the whether or not the middle turbinectomy is performed. We compared the extent of exposure obtained by endonasal transsphenoidal approaches without middle turbinectomy (NMT), with unilateral turbinectomy (UMT), and with bilateral turbinectomy (BMT). Our preselected target points in the skull base consisted of sella turcica, tuberculum sella, planum sphenoidale, clivus (upper and middle third), and ipsilateral sphenopalatine artery (SPA). Results: Of our preselected anatomic target points, only the middle third of the clivus and ipsilateral SPA had enhanced exposure in UMT (100% for both structures) compared to NMT (45% and 20%, respectively). The addition of a BMT did not provide added exposure to any target compared with a UMT. Conclusions: Middle turbinectomy may not be necessary for endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the lesions of the sella, planum sphenoidale, and upper third of the clivus. However, gaining access to the middle clival region is facilitated by resection of middle turbinate. Laryngoscope, 2010
Determinants of disability after proximal interphalangeal joint sprain or dislocation.

Background Sprain or dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint may be a useful example of the counterintuitive aspects of recovery as the prognosis is excellent, but protectiveness in response to discomfort often hinders the stretching exercises that are a key component of the recovery process. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between disability and pain self-efficacy in this context. Methods A total of 82 patients (54 men and 28 women) were enrolled in this prospective study. Finger motion was measured, and the patients completed measures of upper limb–specific disability (the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire), symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), effective coping strategies in response to pain (the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire), and a pain scale at enrollment. Results Patients were enrolled a mean of 48 days after injury. The final multivariable model accounting for greater disability included lower self-efficacy, greater symptoms of depression, and gender (women have more disability). Lower self-efficacy was also the strongest predictor of pain intensity and finger stiffness. Conclusions Effective coping strategies such as self-efficacy facilitate recovery (less disability, pain, and stiffness) after proximal interphalangeal joint sprain/dislocation. Level of Evidence Prognostic level I.
Develop an Ensemble Support Vector Data Description method for improving invasive tamarisk mapping at regional scale

Non-native species threaten an ecosystem by interfering with ecosystem processes. Tamarisk is a problematic invasive species in the southwestern USA that has replaced a large amount of the native cottonwood species and altered the water regimes. Quantifying the spatial patterns at regional scale is essential for the in-time monitoring of invasion, given its fast-spreading characteristics. Suitability mapping is useful for estimating the potential distribution of a specific species at the regional scale, but is limited in providing real-time updates since it relies on the generation of related environmental factor products. One-class mapping techniques and public volunteered species occurrence locations together make remote-sensing imagery very suitable for the timely mapping of the spatial distribution of a species. However, the quality of volunteered locations has rarely been fully examined before using them as the ground truth for classification. This research develops a new method – Ensemble Support Ve...
Improved Health Care Among Children with Special Health Care Needs After Enrollment Into the State Children's Health Insurance Program

Objective To assess the impact of New York's State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) on health care for children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Methods Little is known about the impact of health insurance on CSHCN. Parents of a stratified random sample of new enrollees onto New York's SCHIP were interviewed by telephone at enrollment (n = 2644) and 1 year later (n = 2290, 87% response). At baseline, the cohort of CSHCN was defined by means of the standardized CSHCN screener instrument. The impact of SCHIP was assessed for CSHCN and for subgroups of CSHCN stratified by prior insurance (uninsured or insured) or type of chronic condition (physical or mental/behavioral). Access (having a usual source of care [USC], unmet medical needs); and quality (continuity of care at the USC, parent rating of quality of care or worry about child) were measured. Bivariate and multivariate analyses compared measures 1 year before SCHIP versus the year during SCHIP. Results A total of 398 (17%) of 2290 children had special health care needs identified at baseline. Enrollment onto SCHIP was generally associated with improved access: unmet needs for prescription medications declined 3-fold for all subgroups (eg, 36% to 9% among the previously uninsured) and unmet needs for specialty care declined >4-fold among CSHCN who were previously insured (48% to 10%) or had mental/behavioral conditions (32% to 2%; all P P Conclusions Enrollment onto New York's SCHIP improved medical care for CSHCN.
Input—Output Coefficients and Multipliers from a Total-Flow Perspective

In this paper a framework for computing input—output coefficients and multipliers is considered which draws upon the so-called total-flow approach. The total-flow indicators express the total effect of a change in gross output rather than in final-demand deliveries. It is shown that these indicators significantly differ from their final-demand counterparts in their absolute values and in their ranking of input—output sectors. It is demonstrated that the final-demand-based coefficients and multipliers fail to express an overall effect of an industrial activity (economic sector) and caution must be used in their empirical applications and interpretations.
Triage of children with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury to trauma centers

Outcomes after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) are related to pre-treatment factors including age, injury severity, and mechanism of injury, and may be positively affected by treatment at trauma centers relative to non-trauma centers. This study estimated the proportion of children with moderate to severe TBI who receive care at trauma centers, and examined factors associated with receipt of care at adult (ATC), pediatric (PTC), and adult/pediatric trauma centers (APTC), compared with care at non-trauma centers (NTC) using a nationally representative database. The Kids' Inpatient Database was used to identify hospitalizations for moderate to severe pediatric TBI. Pediatric inpatients ages 0 to 17 years with at least one diagnosis of TBI and a maximum head Abbreviated Injury Scale score of ≥3 were studied. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine factors predictive of the level and type of facility where care was received. A total of 16.7% of patients were hospitalized at NTC, 44.2% at Level I or II ATC, 17.9% at Level I or II PTC, and 21.2% at Level I or II APTC. Multiple regression analyses showed receipt of care at a trauma center was associated with age and polytrauma. We concluded that almost 84% of children with moderate to severe TBI currently receive care at a Level I or Level II trauma center. Children with trauma to multiple body regions in addition to more severe TBI are more likely to receive care a trauma center relative to a NTC.
Alpha-fetoprotein: a review.

Detection and measurement of serum AFP levels have been found useful in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow up of patients with hepatoma and germ cell tumors [20]. Monitoring maternal and amniotic fluid AFP concentration helps detect a variety of fetal disorders. The in vitro evidence for immunosuppressive effects of AFP suggests a possible role of AFP in immunoregulation.
Thresholds for Seeing Visual Phantoms and Moving Gratings

Moving visual phantoms look like real gratings and generate movement aftereffects as do real gratings. Three experiments have been carried out to test whether phantoms resemble real gratings in other ways. Changes in the spatiotemporal frequency of an inducing grating affect the minimum contrast at which it will induce phantoms, but only insofar as the changes affect the visibility of the inducing gratings. Changes in the areal extent of the inducing grating and in the extent of the gap across which phantoms must be induced alter the visibility of the phantoms but, again, only to the extent that the changes affect the visibility of the inducing gratings themselves. Phantoms induced by high-contrast gratings may be cancelled by gratings of near-threshold contrast when the latter are presented 180° out of phase with the inducing gratings. It is concluded that the appearance of phantoms is governed solely by the detectability of their inducing gratings, but that the effects of phantoms on pattern-sensitive c...
Effect of exercise on α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in skeletal muscle☆

Abstract The level of activity of cytochrome oxidase, expressed per gram of fresh muscle, doubled in the gastrocnemius muscles of rats subjected to a strenuous program of treadmill running. The concentration of cytochrome c also increased twofold. In contrast, the levels of activity of mitochondrial and of eytoplasmic α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase per gram of muscle were unaffected by the exercise. The protein content of the mitochondrial fraction from gastrocnemius muscles was increased approximately 60% in the exercising group. As a result, when cytochrome oxidase activity was expressed per milligram of mitochondrial protein, the difference between the exercising and sedentary groups was no longer significant. On the other hand, when mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was expressed per milligram of mitochondrial protein the value for the exercising group was significantly lower than that for the sedentary controls. These findings provide evidence that the adaptive response to prolonged exercise involves a change in the composition of the cristae of skeletal muscle mitochondria, rather than a simple uniform increase in size or number.
Emotion Understanding (and Misunderstanding) in Clinically Referred Preschoolers: The Role of Child Language and Maternal Depressive Symptoms

There is growing evidence to suggest that children with mental health problems have difficulties in emotion understanding, including particular biases in their processing of emotion information. However, less is known about the specific developmental and socialization processes that may contribute to difficulties in emotion understanding in young children with emotional and behavioral problems. The present study examines the roles of child receptive language and maternal depressive symptoms in predicting emotion understanding in clinically referred preschoolers. Participants were 79 preschool-aged children (3–5 years of age) who were admitted to a psychiatric day treatment program for young children and their families. Children participated in assessments of receptive language skills and emotion understanding and mothers completed self-report measures of depressive symptoms and child behavior problems. Children’s receptive language skills were positively associated with accuracy in identifying happy, sad, angry, and scared emotions, whereas maternal depressive symptoms were specifically linked to children’s biased perceptions of sadness. Findings underscore the role of both child and family factors as related to individual differences in emotion understanding in clinically referred preschoolers, with implications for developmentally informed and emotion-focused approaches to treatment of early childhood psychopathology.
The Mini-Vehicle Manual Transmission Reverse-Gear Noise Analysis

In order to resolver the question of transmission reverse gear noise, this paper construct virtual transmission model with MASTA soft and analyze NVH ,computed transmission system frequency and gear mesh frequency, finally, find system’ resonation point and corresponding engine speed, this result is accordant to test one, finally, paper draw a conclusion that the noise is caused by resonation at some engine speed.
Time-domain ultrasonic contrast blood flowmetry.

Abstract Time-domain ultrasonic blood flow estimation methods have recently received considerable attention because of their advantages over conventional Doppler methods. Among them are that they may yield better spatial resolution and that methods based on frame-to-frame speckle tracking do not require a knowledge of the angle between directions of blood flow and the ultrasound beam. These methods, however, suffer from an intrinsic problem of poor signal-to-noise ratio, since the echoes scattered back by blood are much weaker than those of the surrounding structures. In addition, the maximal velocity that can be estimated by frame-to-frame tracking via conventional ultrasonic scanners is limited by the frame rate of the scanner. In this article, we will present experimental results to show that these problems may be alleviated by using a high frame rate scanner in conjunction with the injection of an ultrasonic contrast agent. In this study the contrast agent used was Albunex ® .
Modification of growing‐season surface temperature records in the northern great plains due to land‐use transformation: verification of modelling results and implication for global climate change

Land-use and land-cover change can modify near-surface atmospheric condition. Mesoscale modelling studies have shown that modification in land use affects near-surface soil moisture storage and energy balance. Such a study in the Great Plains showed that changes in land use from natural grass to irrigated agriculture enhanced soil water storage in the root zone and increased latent energy flux. This increase in latent energy flux would correspond to a decrease in sensible heat flux and, therefore, modify near-surface temperature records. To verify this deduction, we have investigated the changes in the historical near-surface temperature records in Nebraska, USA. We have analysed the long-term mean monthly maximum, minimum, and monthly mean air temperature data from five irrigated and five non-irrigated sites. The cooperative weather observation (coop) network is the source of the data. We have found that there is a clear trend in decreasing mean maximum and average temperature data for irrigated sites. For example, York, NE, reports that the mean maximum growing season temperature is decreasing at the rate −0.01 °C year −1 . The results from non-irrigated sites indicated an increasing trend for the same parameters. The data from Halsey, NE, indicate a +0.01 °C year −1 increase in this century. In addition, we have conducted similar analyses of temperature data for the National Climatic Data Center’s Historical Climatic Network data set for the same locations. The results are similar to that obtained with the coop data set. Further investigation of dew-point temperature records for irrigated and non-irrigated sites also show an increasing and decreasing trend respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the land-use change in the Great Plains has modified near-surface temperature records. Copyright  2004 Royal Meteorological Society.
The Scattering of Slow Neutrons by Molecular Gases

It has been shown by Fermi that the cross section for the scattering of slow neutrons by protons is four times greater for protons strongly bound to an infinite mass than it is for free protons initially at rest. A simple generalization of this factor of four can be given for the scattering of neutrons by molecular gases if the neutron energy is great as compared to the energy differences of the rotational levels of the scattering molecule but small compared to the quanta of molecular vibration. In this case, the proton may be replaced by a freely moving hypothetical mass point whose mass is a tensor depending on the mass and structure of the molecule. On this basis the total cross section for the scattering of slow neutrons by ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and by C${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$, N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O at low temperatures has been calculated as a function of the ratio of the neutron energy to the thermal energy of the scattering gas. The possibility of applying the theory to a determination of the neutron-proton scattering cross section is discussed.
Wortmannin-Sensitive Pathway Is Required for Insulin-Stimulated Phosphorylation of Inhibitor κBα

The aim of this study was to examine the signaling pathways by which insulin promotes activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) through the regulation of inhibitor κBα (IκBα). We show here that although insulin increased κB-dependent reporter gene expression and augmented nuclear translocation of the p65/RelA subunit of NFκB and its DNA binding, it was able to induce a time-dependent accumulation of phosphorylated and ubiquitinated IκBα without its proteolytic degradation. In contrast, cell stimulation with the cytokine TNFα allowed activation of NFκB through phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and subsequent degradation of IκBα. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of a large pool of phosphorylated IκBα in the nucleus of unstimulated and insulin-treated cells. IκB kinase α and β, central players in the phosphorylation of IκBα, were rapidly induced following exposure to TNFα but not insulin. Furthermore, insulin-stimulated IκBα phosphorylation did not depend on activation of the Ras/ERK cascade. Exp...
Gang Networks, Neighborhoods and Holidays: Spatiotemporal Patterns in Social Media

Social media generated by location-services-enabled cellular devices produce enormous amounts of location-based content. Spatiotemporal analysis of such data facilitate new ways of modeling human behavior and mobility patterns. In this paper, we use over 10 millions geo-tagged tweets from the city of Los Angeles as observations of human movement and apply them to understand the relationships of geographical regions, neighborhoods and gang territories. Using a graph based-representation of street gang territories as vertices and interactions between them as edges, we train a machine learning classifier to tell apart rival and non-rival links. We correctly identify 89% of the true rivalry network, which beats a standard baseline by about 30%. Looking at larger neighborhoods, we were able to show that distance traveled from home follows a power-law distribution, and the direction of displacement, i.e., the distribution of movement direction, can be used as a profile to identify physical (or geographic) barriers when it is not uniform. Finally, considering the temporal dimension of tweets, we detect events taking place around the city by identifying irregularities in tweeting patterns.
Pathogenesis, neuroimaging and management in children with cerebral palsy born preterm

With advances in obstetric and perinatal management, the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants has declined, while periventricular leukomalacia remains a significant concern. It is now known that brain injury in children born preterm also involves neuronal-axonal disease in supratentorial and infratentorial structures. The developing brain is especially vulnerable to white matter (WM) injury from 23 to 34 weeks gestation when blood vessels serving the periventricular WM are immature. Oligodendrocyte progenitors, which are beginning to form myelin during this time, are susceptible to attack from oxygen free radicals, glutamate, and inflammatory cytokines. Advances in imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging provide a more complete picture of the location and extent of injury. Effective management of children born preterm with cerebral palsy is predicated on an understanding of sequential links from etiological antecedents to brain neuropathology as revealed with neuroimaging techniques to clinical phenotypes, toward focused interventions with measurable outcomes.
Application and experimental validation of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based erosion prediction model in elbows and plugged tees

Abstract This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based erosion prediction model and its application to oilfield geometries specifically elbows and plugged tees. This comprehensive procedure consists of three major components: flow simulation, particle tracking, and erosion calculation. The effect of the particle rebound model on the particle trajectories as well as erosion pattern in the elbow and plugged tee is also investigated. Experimental erosion tests were performed in both an elbow and a plugged tee to evaluate the simulation results. The results from the model show good agreement of the erosion trend with the erosion data for elbow and plugged tee geometries. Experiment confirms that a stochastic rebound model is required in simulations to give a reasonable estimate of erosion rate and pattern in a plugged tee.
The effect of temperature on the viscoelastic response of polymer melts

Abstract Observations are reported in isothermal torsional oscillation tests on melts of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the intervals of temperature between 190 and 250 °C (iPP) and between 120 and 190 °C (LDPE). With reference to the concept of transient networks, constitutive equations are developed for the viscoelastic response of polymer melts at three-dimensional deformations with small strains. A melt is treated as an equivalent network of strands bridged by temporary junctions (entanglements and physical cross-links whose life-times exceed the characteristic time of deformation). The time-dependent behavior of the network is modelled as detachment of active strands from their junctions and merging of dangling strands with the network. The network is assumed to be strongly heterogeneous in the sense that different junctions have different activation energies for separation of strands. The stress–strain relations involve three adjustable parameters (the plateau modulus, the average activation energy for rearrangement of strands and the standard deviation of activation energies) that are determined by matching the dependencies of storage and loss moduli on frequency of oscillations. The difference in the effects of temperature on the material constants of iPP and LDPE is associated with the difference in their molecular architecture.
Material characterization of an ion–implantation process for p-type (InGa)As/GaAs quantum–well structures

We have performed a detailed study of the formation of Be+-implanted contacts to modulation-doped, p-channel, (InGa)As/GaAs, single-strained quantum wells. Photoluminescence at 4 K from these structures is shown to be an excellent monitor of implant and annealing effects, as corroborated by Hall-effect measurements. Rapid thermal annealing produced higher electrical activation of the Be implants than did arsine-over-pressure annealing at comparable temperatures, similar to the trend in bulk GaAs. In contrast to conventional, alloyed-contact technologies, the rapid-annealed, implanted structures provided ohmic contact to the quantum well even at 4 K.
SPECIES SUBSTITUTION OF RETAIL SNAPPER FILLETS

A total of 121 retail market snapper fillets were collected throughout Florida and tested for compliance with labeling regulations. Samples were identified as to species by isoelectric focusing techniques against 12 authentic snapper species. Of the 81 red snapper samples, 24 (30%) were confirmed as real red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), while 57 (70%) were mislabeled. Most of the other snapper species were correctly labeled. The major substitute for red snapper was scarlet snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus), an imported red-skin Pacific snapper species. Nomenclature of fish sold in the market is confusing since the same species of fish is frequently sold by several different names.
The phenomenological character of color perception

When an object looks red to an observer, the visual experience of the observer has two important features. The experience visually represents the object as having a property—being red. And the experience has a phenomenological character; that is, there is something that it is like to have an experience of seeing an object as red. Let qualia be the properties that give our sensory and perceptual experiences their phenomenological character. This essay takes up two related problem for a nonreductive account of qualia. Some have argued that on such an account there is no room in a physicalist ontology for qualia. Section 1 shows how qualia might fit into a physicalist ontology. The second problem begins with the observation that there is a gap in scientific accounts of color experience; there is no explanation of why the features of the brain that determine our color experiences give those experiences their phenomenological character. Building on the results of Sect. 1, Sect. 2 develops an account of color perception that bridges this gap and shows how qualia give color perception its phenomenological character. To get a grip on the issues involved the paper begins by considering some aspects of a physicalist account of color.