cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved RNA analysis for immediate autopsy of temporal bone soft tissues.

RNA analysis is essential for understanding biological activities of a cell or tissue. Unfortunately, retrieval of RNA from existing archives of human temporal bones has proven extremely difficult due to degradation of RNA molecules. The major factors that contribute to degradation of RNA in specimens from autopsied temporal bones are tissue autolysis due to time elapsed before autopsy, and technical problems in processing the bones after harvest. We therefore focused on improving the survival of RNA in human temporal bones by shortening the time to autopsy and through modification of the processing technique by removing targeted tissues directly from the temporal bones and by avoiding time-consuming decalcification and celloidin-embedding. Eight temporal bones collected at immediate autopsies were used in this study. Representative mRNAs, ranging from high (MUC5B, physically unstable) to low (
Human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibodies with human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 constant domains: electron microscopic and hydrodynamic characterization.

Abstract The unique structure of the human IgG3 constant region with its greatly extended hinge can clearly be seen in electron micrographs, which compare a series of recombinant proteins with the same murine anti-dansyl variable domain but constant domains from human IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. The hinge region of IgG3 was found to be very long, with some measurements extending to 100 A. It exhibited considerable flexibility allowing the Fc to be displaced far toward either side. Upon addition of bivalent hapten, all of the monoclonal antibodies formed complexes. IgGl, IgG3 and IgG4 formed circular dimers, composed of two antibodies forming a ring-shaped complex, presumably through the binding of two bivalent haptens. IgG2, on the other hand, showed a distribution of complexes which was noticeably different from the other subclasses. Some circular dimers, some linear dimers and a large amount of monomer were seen. This was interpreted in terms of an energy barrier to ring closure arising from the orientation of the Fab arms of IgG2 probably leading to linear dimers as the predominate complex seen with the analytical ultracentrifuge. A substantial number of these dimers probably dissociated upon dilution for examination in the electron microscope. The distribution of the angles between the Fab arms of the monoclonal antibodies forming the circular dimers has been measured for the different subclasses. Most were open at wide angles (> 100°) but some formed very shallow angles, with the Fab arms being nearly parallel to each other. The free energy for this transition was calculated from the ratio of open/closed angles, and it was found to be proportional to the length of the upper hinge of the monoclonal antibody, in agreement with previous nanosecond depolarization results (Dangl et al, Eur. molec. Biol. Org. J. 7, 1989–1994, 1988).
Period doubling and magnetic chaos in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7

Abstract The time dependence of the field-cooled cool down and field-cooled warm up remnant magnetic moments, M(t), were studied as functions of temperature. For T 0 in the “chaotic” temperature region and α
How Do Pulsed Amperometric Ion Sensors Work? A Simple PDE Model

The heat equation posed on the half-line may be used as a simple mathematical model describing the operation of an amperometric ion sensor. These sensors represent the next generation of sensors that are in routine use today. Such sensors may be used to measure ion concentrations in the laboratory, for clinical analysis, environmental monitoring, process and quality control, biomedical analysis, and physiological applications. Study of the heat equation and its solutions provides insight into the operation of these ion sensors.
Refractories based on fused material in the dolomite-magnesite system

Fused materials in the CaO-MgO system ware obtained by electric-arc firing of dolomite and magnesite. These materials have a dense fine-grain (unoriented) structure with bonds between the periclase and lime grains.
Tetracritical Points in Mixed Magnetic Crystals

Recently developed renormalization-group techniques are used to study the tetracritical (or bicritical) point of quenched mixed magnetic crystals (e.g., ${A}_{p}{B}_{1\ensuremath{-}p}$, where $A$ and $B$ have ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase transitions). The tetracritical (bicritical) exponents are possibly given by the $n=0$ value of their $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansions. In particular, the crossover exponent $\ensuremath{\phi}$, describing the shape of the $p\ensuremath{-}T$ phase diagram near the tetracritical point, is exactly equal to 1. This explains various experiments.
The effect of the nanogranular nature of shale on their poroelastic behavior

Natural composite materials are highly heterogeneous porous materials, with porosities that manifest themselves at scales much below the macroscale of engineering applications. A typical example is shale, the transverse isotropic sealing formation of most hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs. By means of a closed loop approach of microporomechanics modeling, calibration and validation of elastic properties at multiple length scales of shale, we show that the nanogranular nature of this highly heterogeneous material translates into a unique poroelastic signature. The self-consistent scaling of the porous clay stiffness with the clay packing density minimizes the anisotropy of the Biot pore pressure coefficients; whereas the intrinsic anisotropy of the elementary particle translates into a pronounced anisotropy of the Skempton coefficients. This new microporoelasticity model depends only on two shale-specific material parameters which neatly summarize clay mineralogy and bulk density, and which makes the model most appealing for quantitative geomechanics, geophysics and exploitation engineering applications.
Differential conditioning with nondifferential reinforcement

The results of two differential instrumental conditioning experiments showed that nondifferentially-reinforced control groups ran faster in the S+ alley, in which discrimination Ss within the same squads received the more favorable incentive, than in the S− alley. This differential responding was tentatively attributed to odors exuded by discrimination Ss.
A case report on the use of flooding in stuttering therapy

Abstract The last several years have seen the development and use of anxiety-reduction procedures in stuttering therapy. Among these types of methods, systematic desensitization and reciprocal inhibition have been employed almost exclusively. Emotional de-conditioning by means of flooding or implosive techniques has been attempted far less often. This article presents a case report on the utilization of the flooding tactic. Results are offered and discussed relative to the question of whether the elimination of anxiety is a realistic goal in therapy. The suggestion is offered that what many stutterers may really need to develop is the ability to generate fluency-enhancing behaviors in spite of the presence of heightened emotionality.
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS— PATHWAYS TO CONNECTIONS, CLARITY, CREATIVITY *

Most of us would prefer that our students adopt a deep approach to learning—but how do we get them to do that? We can of course advise them to do it, assuring them that it is for their own good, but we all know how futile such advice tends to be. Fortunately, certain instructional methods have been shown to promote the deep approach to learning, notably making students aware of the relevance of the subject matter to their lives and interests and assigning a variety of learning tasks that require them to deepen their thinking about the subject (Entwistle 1988, Ramsden 1988). Writing assignments can be ideal vehicles for meeting these conditions. They can be used in any class on any subject. Such assignments may help students to seek and find applications of new material to problems in other courses, disciplines, and their personal lives; and to think critically and/or creatively about whatever they are being taught. The assignments may be in-class or take-home, convergent or open-ended, done by individuals or pairs or teams of students, taking periods of time from one minute to an entire semester.
Creation of Submicrometer Structures Using Polymeric Nanoparticle Layers and Photolithography

This letter describes a novel route for the facile construction of mechanically robust, submicron architectures. The method couples the layer-by-layer deposition of charged polymeric nanoparticles with photopatterning and thermal processing. The merits of the method are demonstrated by the fabrication and microscopic characterization of massively dense (∼650 000 wells/cm2), ultrasmall volume (3−15 fL) well arrays. The well depth is controlled by the number of nanoparticle layers, with well depths as low as ∼4 nm obtained. The lateral dimensions of the wells, which were several microns, are defined by the photomask. Thermal processing not only further enhances the structural stability of the array but also dramatically reduces the depth of the wells. Potential applications of this preparative strategy are briefly discussed.
Elimination of mycoplasma from human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines

Intraperitoneal passage of human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines in nude mice was examined as a means of mycoplasma eradication. Recovery of viable cells from the mice was facilitated by immediate plating on feeder layers of human foreskin fibroblasts. In all cases, nude mouse passage for as little as 5 days was totally effective in removing all contaminating mycoplasma.
Small molecules discovered in a pathway screen target the Rho pathway in cytokinesis

We report the discovery of small molecules that target the Rho pathway, which is a central regulator of cytokinesis--the final step in cell division. We have developed a way of targeting a small molecule screen toward a specific pathway, which should be widely applicable to the investigation of any signaling pathway. In a chemical genetic variant of a classical modifier screen, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to sensitize cells and identified small molecules that suppressed or enhanced the RNAi phenotype. We discovered promising candidate molecules, which we named Rhodblock, and we identified the target of Rhodblock as Rho kinase. Several Rhodblocks inhibited one function of the Rho pathway in cells: the correct localization of phosphorylated myosin light chain during cytokinesis. Rhodblocks differentially perturb Rho pathway proteins in cells and can be used to dissect the mechanism of the Rho pathway during cytokinesis.
Altered rhombomere-specific gene expression and hyoid bone differentiation in the mouse segmentation mutant, kreisler (kr)

Rhombomeres appear transiently in the vertebrate hindbrain shortly after neurulation and are thought to represent embryologic compartments in which the expression of different combinations of genes leads to segment-specific differentiation of the developing hindbrain, the cranial ganglia, and the branchial arches. To determine the extent to which gene expression is related to the formation of visible rhombomere boundaries, we have examined, by in situ hybridization, the expression of five rhombomere-specific genes in mouse embryos homozygous for the kreisler (kr) mutation, in which rhombomeres 4-7 are replaced by a smooth morphologically unsegmented neural tube. Using molecular probes specific for Hoxb-1 (Hox-2.9), Hoxb-3 (Hox-2.7), Hoxb-4 (Hox-2.6), Krox-20, or Fgf-3 (Int-2), we found that the kr mutation affects the expression of all the genes we examined, but, surprisingly, the altered patterns of expression are not restricted to that portion of the mutant hindbrain which is morphologically abnormal. Rostral expression boundaries of Hoxb-3 and Hoxb-4 are displaced from their normal positions at r4/5 and r6/7 to the approximate positions of r3/4 and r4/5, respectively. The expression domains of Krox-20 and Fgf-3 are also displaced in a rostral direction and the intensity of Fgf-3 hybridization is greatly reduced. The expression domain of Hoxb-1 is affected differently from the other genes in kr/kr embryos; its rostral boundary at r3/4 is intact but the caudal boundary is displaced from its normal location at r4/5 to the approximate position of r5/6. Because boundaries of gene expression for Hoxb-1 and Hoxb-4 are found in a region of the kr/kr hindbrain that lacks visible rhombomeres, establishment of regional identity, as reflected by differential gene expression, does not require overt segmentation. To investigate whether the altered patterns of gene expression we observed in the kr/kr embryonic hindbrain are associated with morphologic changes in the adult, we examined neural crest-derived tissues of the second and third branchial arches, which normally arise from rhombomeres 4 and 6, respectively. We found that the hyoid bone in kr/kr animals exhibited an accessory process on the greater horn (a third arch structure) most easily explained by ectopic development of a second arch structure (the hyoid lesser horn) in an area normally derived from the third arch.
MODERN TRENDS IN EGYPTIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY: A REVIEW ARTICLE

The graduate history program of 'Ayn Shams University has produced some of the finest scholarly studies in the field of Egyptian history in recent years. The program has been particularly receptive to the shift toward a social and economic approach within the discipline of history. It is noteworthy that for a number of years this program has been directed by two historians who were not themselves trained in this specialization. Dr. Ahmad 'Izzat 'Abd al-Karim (the founder of the program) is an institutional historian, and Dr. 'Abd al- Rahim Mustafa (the current chairman) is a political historian. The significance of the program for the reshaping of Egyptian consciousness - as well as the more general scholarly consciousness -of the Egyptian past became apparent in the late I960s, when the earlier program of Muhammad Anis at Cairo University lost some of its impetus.1 Anis had led the way in introducing social and economic categories into historical analysis. At the same time, he continued the patriotic eulogizing of older writings such as those of 'Abd al-Rahman al-Rafi'i, who on occasion had celebrated rather than analyzed some of the key political events of Egyptian history, such as those of 1798, i88i, I919, and I952. Anis placed particular emphasis on European economic exploitation of Egypt. Unlike the journalists of the I930s and I940s, he documented his sources. His works Ha.darat Misr al-haditha2 and Thawrat 23 yulyu 1952 wa usuluhd al-tdrikhzyya3 are virtually the only works that attempt to portray an inner dynamic running through modern Egyptian history. For Anis, modern Egypt is neither a prisoner of a prefixed Asiatic mode of production nor a backward country striving to become a Europeanized state, but a nation struggling to industrialize in the face of great obstacles. The strongest point of Anis's analysis is his emphasis on the struggle within Egypt between national and nonnational elements within the ruling class.
Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Trimerization Completes Monomer Folding and Antigenicity

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains an important human pathogen largely because of antigenic drift, the rapid emergence of antibody escape mutants that precludes durable vaccination. The most potent neutralizing antibodies interact with cognate epitopes in the globular "head" domain of hemagglutinin (HA), a homotrimeric glycoprotein. The H1 HA possesses five distinct regions defined by a large number of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), i.e., Ca1, Ca2, Cb, Sa, and Sb. Ca1-Ca2 sites require HA trimerization to attain full antigenicity, consistent with their locations on opposite sides of the trimer interface. Here, we show that full antigenicity of Cb and Sa sites also requires HA trimerization, as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy of IAV-infected cells and biochemically by pulse-chase radiolabeling experiments. Surprisingly, epitope antigenicity acquired by HA trimerization persists following acid triggering of the globular domains dissociation and even after proteolytic release of monomeric heads from acid-treated HA. Thus, the requirement for HA trimerization by trimer-specific MAbs mapping to the Ca, Cb, and Sa sites is not dependent upon the bridging of adjacent monomers in the native HA trimer. Rather, complete antigenicity of HA (and, by inference, immunogenicity) requires a final folding step that accompanies its trimerization. Once this conformational change occurs, HA trimers themselves would not necessarily be required to induce a highly diverse neutralizing response to epitopes in the globular domain.
Local control and functional results after twice-daily radiotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma of the extremities

Purpose Radiotherapy (RT) has been the predominant local treatment for Ewing's sarcoma of bone at the University of Florida. Twice-daily hyperfractionated RT was initiated in 1982 to improve local control and functional outcome. This retrospective review compares the results of once-daily vs. twice-daily RT in patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma of an extremity, with emphasis on functional outcome. Methods and materials Between June 1971 and January 1990, 37 patients were treated at the University of Florida for nonmetastatic Ewing's sarcoma of bone with a primary lesion in an extremity. Three patients underwent amputation. Of 34 patients treated with RT, 31 had RT alone and 3 had a combination of RT and local excision. Before 1982, 14 patients received once-daily RT; since 1982, 17 patients have received twice-daily RT. Doses of once-daily RT varied from 47 to 61 Gy at 1.8-2 Gy per fraction. Doses of twice-daily RT varied, depending on the response of the soft-tissue component of the tumor to chemotherapy, and ranged from 50.4 to 60 Gy at 1.2 Gy per fraction. Some patients in the twice-daily RT group also received total body irradiation 1-3 months after local RT as part of a conditioning regimen before marrow-ablative therapy with stem cell rescue. They received either 8 Gy in two once-daily fractions or 12 Gy in six twice-daily fractions. The six patients who received surgery were excluded from local control analysis. Local control rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier (actuarial) method. Fifteen patients had a formal functional evaluation. Results In the 31 patients treated with RT alone, the actuarial local control rate at 5 years was 81% for patients treated twice daily and 77% for those treated once daily (p = NS). No posttreatment pathologic fractures occurred in patients treated twice daily, whereas five fractures occurred in those treated once daily (p = 0.01). On functional evaluation, less loss in range of motion (15 degrees vs. 28 degrees of loss, p = 0.02) and a lesser degree of muscle atrophy (8% vs. 21% loss in muscle circumference, p = 0.0004) occurred with twice-daily than with once-daily RT. A trend toward less fibrosis and less local alopecia was seen in patients treated twice daily. Patients treated twice daily received a higher Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional rating (determined by the Department of Orthopaedics) than those treated once daily (29.4 vs. 26.0, p = 0.15). Conclusions Local control rates were similar in the two groups (77% vs. 81%), but functional results were superior in the group treated twice daily.
Diversity and selection in sorghum: simultaneous analyses using simple sequence repeats

Although molecular markers and DNA sequence data are now available for many crop species, our ability to identify genetic variation associated with functional or adaptive diversity is still limited. In this study, our aim was to quantify and characterize diversity in a panel of cultivated and wild sorghums (Sorghum bicolor), establish genetic relationships, and, simultaneously, identify selection signals that might be associated with sorghum domestication. We assayed 98 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci distributed throughout the genome in a panel of 104 accessions comprising 73 landraces (i.e., cultivated lines) and 31 wild sorghums. Evaluation of SSR polymorphisms indicated that landraces retained 86% of the diversity observed in the wild sorghums. The landraces and wilds were moderately differentiated (F st=0.13), but there was little evidence of population differentiation among racial groups of cultivated sorghums (F st=0.06). Neighbor-joining analysis showed that wild sorghums generally formed a distinct group, and about half the landraces tended to cluster by race. Overall, bootstrap support was low, indicating a history of gene flow among the various cultivated types or recent common ancestry. Statistical methods (Ewens-Watterson test for allele excess, lnRH, and F st) for identifying genomic regions with patterns of variation consistent with selection gave significant results for 11 loci (approx. 15% of the SSRs used in the final analysis). Interestingly, seven of these loci mapped in or near genomic regions associated with domestication-related QTLs (i.e., shattering, seed weight, and rhizomatousness). We anticipate that such population genetics-based statistical approaches will be useful for re-evaluating extant SSR data for mining interesting genomic regions from germplasm collections.
CURRENT CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION FOR CT COLONOGRAPHY

Computer-aided detection (CAD) for CT colonography has been under development for about eight years. It is now sufficiently accurate that clinically significant polyps 1 cm and larger can be reliably detected with 90% sensitivity. The research focus is now shifting to improving sensitivity for detection of smaller polyps, reducing the number of false positive detections, integrating CAD into clinical practice and applying CAD to the setting of fecal tagging and laxative-free bowel preparations. This is a dynamic research field which requires the use of state-of-the-art image processing and machine learning techniques
Applications of Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation theory to retention-solubility studies in the lungs

Computational procedures for retention-solubility studies are given which determine data feasibility and some extreme properties of lung models compatible with given data. The procedures are analytic and are based on the interpolation theory of Pick and Nevanlinna.
The kinetics of solution copolymerization of vinyl chloroacetate with vinyl acetate in a CSTR

The kinetics of isothermal, solution copolymerization of vinyl chloroacetate (VCLAC) with vinyl acetate (VAC) in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) has been investigated using a continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). The initiator used was 2,2′-azobis 2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile (ADVN). Polymerizations were carried out to moderately high conversions, necessitating the use of a modified parameter estimation method to determine the reactivity ratios. The copolymer composition conforms to terminal model kinetics. The values obtained for r1 and r2 are 1.18 and 0.80, respectively, with VCLAC as M1 and VAC as M2. Both values are close to unity indicating random copolymerization. The cross termination factor ϕ strongly depends on the composition of the comonomer feed ratio, implying that the chain-termination step is possibly diffusion controlled. The variation of ϕ could also be caused by chain transfer to the solvent retarding the reaction rate. Such a possibility is consistent with the observed reduction in the molecular weight of the copolymer in the presence of the solvent. The approach to steady-state in the reactor was characterized. It was not possible to obtain good agreement between experiment and simulation with a single value of the ϕ factor.
Keeping up with the times: revising the dermatology residency curriculum in the era of molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine.

Background The clinical use of molecular diagnostics, genomics, and personalized medicine is increasing and improving rapidly over time. However, medical education incorporating the practical application of these techniques is lagging behind. Although instruction in these areas should be expanded upon and improved at all levels of training, residency provides a concentrated period of time in which to hone in on skills that are practically applicable to a trainee's specialty of choice. Although residencies in some fields, such as pathology, have begun to incorporate practical molecular diagnostics training, this area remains a relative gap in dermatology residency programs. Methods Herein, we advocate for the incorporation of training in molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine into dermatology residency programs and propose a basic curriculum template for how to begin approaching these topics. Results/Conclusions By incorporating molecular diagnostics into dermatology residency training, dermatologists have the opportunity to lead the way and actively shape the specialty's transition into the era of personalized medicine.
Distributing a Class of Sequential Programs

A class of sequential programs is distributed through a series of program transformations. To construct a concurrent solution, a sequential solution is given first. A decision is made about the distribution of the variables and the sequential solution is transformed so that guards at the outermost level can be evaluated using variables that will be allocated to one process only. Next we introduce processes and communication. The resulting distributed algorithm does not terminate, but it will become quiescent, and in this state the original postcondition will hold. The distributed algorithm is highly nondeterministic and not network specific. A synchronization primitive, the nonblocking channel, is introduced, and used to generalize the first distributed solution to a larger class of networks.
Disease progression meta-analysis model in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Background Various authors have evaluated disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD), using patient data from individual clinical studies or pooled data across various trials. We conducted a systematic review of public data sources from 1990 to 2008 for all available AChE inhibitor studies, as well as clinical studies that evaluated the rate of deterioration in AD patients. Unique to this analysis, we developed a model based on literature data to describe the longitudinal response in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-cog) (change from baseline) in mild to moderate severity AD patients. The model was used to estimate disease progression for both placebo-treated patients and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibitor treated patients, and factors that affected disease progression. Methods We collected 576 mean ADAS-cog changes from baseline data points of 52 trials, representing data from approximately 19,972 patients and more than 84,000 individual observations. The model described the rate of disease progression, the evident placebo effect, and the symptomatic effect of AChE-inhibitors. Baseline ADAS-cog, Mini-Mental State Examination score, age, and year of publication were tested as covariates. Results The disease progression in mild to moderate AD patients across all available and relevant literature sources was estimated as 5.5 points per year. An Emax-type model best described the symptomatic drug effect of AChE inhibitors. The rate of disease progression (underlying disease progression) was no different between placebo and AChE-inhibitors groups. Baseline ADAS-cog is a significant covariate in disease progression. Baseline age was also tested as a covariate in the rate of disease progression, but the model was unable to describe any effects of age, likely because of the narrow distribution of mean age (literature-level analysis). There was no significant impact of publication year in the model. Conclusions Baseline ADAS-cog is a significant covariate affecting the rate of disease progression, and it describes or at least explains the different rates of deterioration evident in early or late stages of the disease. There was no significant impact of publication year in the model, suggesting that disease progression has not slowed in more recent trials.
Influence of image quality on the accuracy of real time three-dimensional echocardiography to measure left ventricular volumes in unselected patients: a comparison with gated-SPECT imaging.

BACKGROUND Patient selection, often restricted to those with ideal image quality, and timing of studies in relation to reference methods may limit clinical applicability of cardiac volumes derived from 3D echocardiography. METHODS To test the influence of image quality on LV volumes by real time 3DE (RT3DE), we compared results obtained by RT3DE to those from gated-SPECT imaging in 64 consecutive patients referred for clinically indicated nuclear perfusion imaging. To minimize hemodynamic effects, RT3DE was performed immediately following G-SPECT. LV volumes by RT3DE were calculated using at least three orthogonal plane pairs. Image quality was rated as good if 75-100% of the endocardial border was visualized, fair if 60-74% was visualized, and poor if 50-60% was visualized. RESULTS Image quality was good in 25 (39%), fair in 20 (31%), and poor in 13 (20%) patients. Six patients (9%) were excluded for uninterpretable echo images. For the entire cohort, EDV and ESV agreed closely (all P = NS). When stratified by image quality, the EDV and ESV of those with good and fair image quality agreed closely with minimal bias (average 1 +/- 9 mL and 2 +/- 7 mL, respectively). Poor image was associated with less strong agreement and much greater bias for EDV and ESV (7 +/- 25 mL and 7 +/- 20 mL, respectively). CONCLUSIONS When applied to patients studied in routine clinical practice, LV volumes by RT3DE compare favorably to G-SPECT. RT3DE results are more reliable when >60% of endocardium is visualized.
Scholarly communications: new realities, old values

As modes of scholarly communication change around us, will our old values endure? Deanna Marcum, dean of the School of Library and Information Science at the Catholic University of America, was asked to prepare a keynote essay to which other contributors were invited to both respond and elaborate. All participants reaffirm the importance of equal access to information. Hoekema worries that by diverting resources to keep the system of scholarly publication alive, the financial demands of new electronic services will serve in the end to impoverish many. Holoviak describes a risk that is of particular concern to those involved with scholarly societies, that of disenfranchising scholars not on the basis of their intellectual or economic means but on the basis of technological compatibility. Lyman urges libraries to redefine their mission. He argues that we cannot protect a system that is bankrupting us, and he calls for academic libraries to become the partner of students in learning and of the faculty in the search for knowledge.
Use of seasonal freshwater wetlands by fishes in a temperate river floodplain

species were captured using fyke nets and emigrant traps from January to the beginning of June, with the most abundant being three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and Olympic mudminnow Novumbra hubbsi. Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was the dominant salmonid at all sites. Enhanced wetlands, with their extended hydroperiods, had significantly higher abundances of yearling coho salmon than unenhanced wetlands. Both enhanced and unenhanced emergent wetlands yielded higher abundances of non-game native fishes than oxbow habitats. Oxbow habitats, however, were dominated by coho salmon. Fish survival in the wetland habitats was dependent on emigration to the river before dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased and wetlands became isolated and stranding occurred. This study suggests that wetland enhancement projects with an outlet to the river channel appear to provide fishes with important temporary habitats if they have the opportunity to leave the wetland as dissolved oxygen levels deteriorate.
Complete Klüver-Bucy Syndrome in Man

Summary A 22 year old right-handed man suffered a viral meningoencephalitis, possibly herpetic, resulting in bilateral damage to the temporal lobes as confirmed by appropriate clinical, clectrophysiological and neuroradiological studies. Extended clinical neuropsychological evaluation documented all the characteristic features of the syndrome described by Kluver and Bucy following bilateral ablation of the temporal lobes in adult Rhesus monkeys, including “psychic blindness”, oral exploration, “hypermetamorphic impulse to action”, lack of emotional responsiveness, aberrant sexual behavior, and an insatiable appetite. Additionally, a severe Wernicke's aphasia and a profound memory disorder were evident. The significance of these features as regards limbic function in the human is discussed.
Serology of antibodies to second‐ and third‐generation cephalosporins associated with immune hemolytic anemia and/or positive direct antiglobulin tests

BACKGROUND: First-generation cephalosporins rarely caused immune hemolytic anemia (IHA). Second- and third-generation cephalosporins, especially cefotetan and ceftriaxone, are increasingly associated with severe, sometimes fatal IHA. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples from 53 patients with drug-induced IHA and/or positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) were tested. Patients' sera were tested against drug-treated red cells (RBCs) and untreated or enzyme-treated RBCs, with and without the addition of drug solution. Eluates from patients' RBCs were tested against drug-treated and untreated RBCs. RESULTS: Forty-three patients had antibodies to cefotetan, 8 to ceftriaxone, 1 to cefoxitin, and 1 to cefotaxime. All patients had a positive DAT; only anti-cefoxitin and anti-cefotetan were demonstrable in RBC eluates. Sera containing anti-cefoxitin, anti-cefotaxime, and anti-cefotetan reacted with drug-treated RBCs (100%) and untreated or enzyme-treated RBCs in the presence of drug (98% or 100%, respectively). All of the ceftriaxone antibodies reacted with untreated or enzyme-treated RBCs in the presence of drug, but those tested did not react with ceftriaxone-treated RBCs. In addition to cefotetan-dependent antibodies, 19 (44%) and 14 (33%) of 43 sera contained drug-independent antibodies when tested with and without the presence of a polyethylene glycol potentiator, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cefotetan is by far the most common cause of drug-induced IHA. All cefotetan antibodies and the single examples of cefoxitin and cefotaxime antibodies reacted with drug-coated RBCs, and most, in contrast to the reactions of antibodies to first-generation cephalosporins (e.g., cephalothin), also reacted with RBCs (not treated with drug) in the presence of the drug. Ceftriaxone antibodies reacted only by the latter mechanism. Drug-independent antibodies (i.e., those reacting without any drug being present) were detected in 33 to 44 percent of patients' sera containing cefotetan antibodies, depending on the sensitivity of the method used.
An indirect adaptive control design with anti-windup compensation: Stability analysis

We combine an adaptive law with a control design including a Linear Quadratic (LQ) controller and a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) based anti-windup compensator using the certainty equivalence principle for asymptotically stable plants with saturation limits imposed on the control input. If the desired linear performance can be recovered for nominal systems subject to input saturation by implementing an LQ control augmented with an anti-windup compensator, our analysis on its adaptive counterpart reveals the fact that the perturbation terms due to plant parameter errors in the adaptive scheme do not cause any unbounded signals in the closed-loop, and the system remains stable. Continuous-time lumped Hurwitz systems with input saturation nonlinearities and unknown plant parameters can benefit from the resulting indirect adaptive control design.
Use of the Most Memorable Observation Technique Counseling Couples

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how counselors can use Francis Walton’s Most Memorable Observation technique (MMO) in their work with couples. The first section of this article focuses on an introduction to the technique, including a theoretical rationale. The second section is dedicated to a detailed description of the process of using the MMO as a counseling technique with couples. Three case studies are featured within this article to demonstrate how the MMO counseling technique can be utilized when working with diverse couples. A brief review of the techniques limitations concludes this article.
Pre- and post-stroke MRI and neuropsychological studies in sickle cell disease: A case study

The case of a patient with sickle cell disease is presented in which neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging studies were completed prior to and after a right hemispheric stroke. The contribution of a new MR perfusion technique in understanding the neurological complications in this patient is discussed. This case illustrates the complex pathophysiology of neuropsychological deficits in SCD and underscores the need to develop models that better reflect this complexity.
Glyptothorax botius (Hamilton, 1822), a valid species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from northeast India, with notes on the identity of G. telchitta (Hamilton, 1822)

Glyptothorax botius is revalidated from synonymy with G. telchitta. Both G. botius and G. telchitta are known from the Ganges River drainage in northeast India, and differ from congeners in the region in having a combination of large, prominent tubercles on the head and body, a thoracic adhesive apparatus without a median depression, and a very slender body and caudal peduncle. Glyptothorax botius was previously considered a synonym of G. telchitta, but differs from it in having a more rounded snout when viewed laterally, the presence (vs. absence) of dark saddles on the body, a thoracic adhesive apparatus with broader folds of skin, a longer adipose-fin base (12.0–16.4% SL vs. 9.5–11.5) and a more slender caudal peduncle (3.1–4.2% SL vs. 4.7–5.9). Both species are redescribed in this study, and neotypes are designated to fix their taxonomy.
A Study of the Relationship Between Student Teachers’ Expectations of Pupil Success and the Management of Classroom Discourse

The purpose of this article is to summarize the methodology and findings in the case studies of three student teachers in secondary school mathematics. The broad area of interest is the relationship between beliefs and practice. In the study, “beliefs” refers to expectations teachers have that students will be successful in learning with understanding. In regard to practices, a focal point was a student teacher’s questions and instructions articulated while managing classroom discourse. An analysis of solicitations was intended to provide a measure of the kind of thinking in which student teachers expect their students to engage. During the study, a coding scheme was created, refined, and applied to lesson transcripts for the purpose of “making visible” the management of classroom discourse. The study may provide a basis for further research on student teachers’ practice.
The Consumption Response to Extended Unemployment Benefits in the Great Recession

The Great Recession and the years that followed witnessed a dramatic expansion in the duration of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits available to unemployed workers in the United States. An important motivation for this policy was to stimulate demand by transferring funds to households that would be likely to spend them. This paper uses the variation across states in the UI expansion to estimate the consumption response to extended UI benefits. We estimate that an additional week of UI increased household consumption by a statistically significant 1.68 percent. Consistent with the hypothesis that unemployed households are likely to be particularly liquidity constrained, this point estimate translates into a marginal propensity to consume out of UI benefits in the range of 0.59-0.91, which is larger than existing estimates of the consumption response to income transfers for all households.
Antimicrobial activity in medicinal plants of the Scrophulariaceae and Acanthaceae

One hundred and one crude extracts obtained from various plant parts of 59 species representing mostly the plant families Scrophulariaceae and Acanthaceae have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Plants were selected using ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomic information. Growth inhibition using agar disk diffusion assays was determined against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Growth inhibitory activity against one or more of the microbial species was detected in over 40% of the samples.
Firm-level political capabilities and subsequent financial performance

While there is a robust literature on corporate political activity, scholars have not adequately framed these activities as being part of a strategy to garner political capabilities. In this paper, we incorporate political capabilities and argue that those firms that more intensely commit resources to political activities have associated subsequent performance benefits. In a sample of 87 Fortune 500 firms from 2005 to 2011, we find that both political action committee and lobbying intensity were associated with higher return on invested capital and return on assets after controlling for other factors. Additionally, we find support that the cumulative effect of political action committee and lobbying intensity on performance is also significant. Finally, we moderate the main effects with industry concentration and find that returns are greater in more consolidated industries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The symbolic approach to repeated games

We consider zero-sum repeated games with omega-regular goals. Such hgames are played on a finite state space over an infinite number of rounds: at every round, the players select moves, either in turns or simultaneously; the current state and the selected moves determine the successor state. A play of the game thus consists in an infinite path over the state space or, if randomization is present, in a probability distribution over paths. Omega-regular goals generalize the class of regular goals (those expressible by finite automata) to infinite sequences, and include many well-known goals, such as the reachability and safety goals, as well as the Buchi and parity goals. The algorithms for solving repeated games with omega-regular goals can be broadly divided into enumerative and symbolic/algorithms. Enumerative algorithms consider each state individually; currently, they achieve the best worst-case complexity among the known algorithms. Symbolic algorithms compute in terms of sets of states, or functions from states to real numbers, rather than single states; such sets or functions can often be represented symbolically (hence the name of the algorithms). Even though symbolic algorithms often cannot match the worst-case complexity of the enumerative algorithms, they are often efficient in practice. We illustrate how symbolic algorithms provide uniform solutions of many classes of repeated games, from turn-based, non-randomized games where at each state one of the players can deterministically win, to concurrent and randomized games where the ability to win must be characterized in probabilistic fashion. We also show that the symbolic algorithms, and the notation used to express them, are closely related to game metrics which provide a notion of distance between game states. Roughly, the distance between two states measures how closely a player can match, from one state, the ability of winning from the other state with respect to any omega-regular goal.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: recorders, applications and analyses

We have had considerable experience with ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate over the past five years. We have used three different systems to monitor over 800 patients: the Del Mar Avionics Ambulatory Pressurometer II and ECG Recorder (P2), the Del Mar Avionics Ambulatory Pressurometer III (P3), and the Instruments for Cardiac Research system (ICR). We have found that all of these systems provide accurate readings on approximately 80% of the patients tested. The ICR unit has the advantage of being smaller, quieter, and cheaper than either the P2 or P3. The current major problem with all of the systems, however, is a breakdown rate of over 30%. We have also developed our own software to evaluate the 24 hour records and have taken a decidedly behavioral approach to analysis. Specifically we code each blood pressure determination for location, position, activity and mood. We have been able to link these pressures to both target organ damages and personality traits. Finally, we have begun to use the technique of ambulatory monitoring in the evaluation of patients with psychiatric disorders.
What's Political or Cultural about Political Culture and the Public Sphere? Toward an Historical Sociology of Concept Formation*

The English translation of Habermas's The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere converges with a recent trend toward the revival of the 'political culture concept" in the social sciences. Surprisingly, Habermas's account of the Western bourgeois public sphere has much in common with the original political culture concept associated with Parsonian modernization theory in the 1950s and 1960s. In both cases, the concept of political culture is used in a way that is neither political nor cultural. Explaining this peculiarity is the central problem addressed in this article and one to follow. I hypothesize that this is the case because the concept itself is embedded in an historically constituted political culture (here called a conceptual network)-a structured web of conceptual relationships that combine into Anglo-American citizenship theory. The method of an historical sociology of concept formation is introduced to analyze historically and empirically the internal constraints and dynamics of this conceptual network. The method draws from new work in cultural history and sociology, social studies, and network, narrative, and institutional analysis. This research yields three empirical findings: this conceptual network has a narrative structure, here called the Anglo-American citizenship story; this narrative is grafted onto an epistemology of social naturalism; and these elements combine in a metanarrative that continues to constrain empirical
Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Studies of Novel Carbon Monoxide Gas Lasers 1

A chemical flow reactor has been used to study the vibrational population distribution of carbon monoxide produced by a reaction between vapor-phase carbon generated in an arc discharge and oxygen, to determine feasibility of extracting the chemical energy released from this reaction by laser radiation. Additionally, a supersonic flow, electric discharge excited CO laser has been developed and characterized over a range of operating conditions. The same supersonic laser apparatus can be adapted to produce population inversion via oxidation of vapor-phase carbon, generating vibrationally excited CO. Resultant laser power and spectra are compared with the predictions of a kinetic model of a supersonic flow CO laser.
Effects of nicotine and dietary salt on a learned blood pressure response in Dahl-S rats

We examined the effects of chronic nicotine exposure and dietary salt on the arterial blood pressure (BP) changes learned in response to an acute behavioral stress in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. F...