cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Varying the Number of Signals in Matching Markets

In large matching markets between job candidates and organizations, organizations may be unable to effectively identify interested candidates due to a large volume of applications. The resulting congestion makes it unlikely for candidates to receive offers from their most preferred organizations, leading to significant mismatch. We study how signaling mechanisms can be used as a market design tool to reduce the congestion in such markets. Specifically, we look at how the number of signals available to market participants affects welfare and the number of matches using a large market model. We show that for sufficiently many signals, candidate welfare and the number of matches decrease as a function of the number of signals, while the behavior of organization welfare depends on the extent to which organizations value top candidates. Furthermore, we describe a class of firm utility functions for which these limiting effects start to hold at realistic numbers of signals S.
Pregnancy-Induced Uterine Vascular Remodelling and the Pathophysiology of Decidual Vasculopathy

Maternal vasculopathy encompasses several related lesions, including incomplete physiologic remodelling, fibrinoid necrosis, and atherosis, that occur within the maternal blood vessels feeding the placenta. These lesions are thought to develop early in gestation, but their effects do not generally arise until the latter half of pregnancy. The alterations in the maternal vasculature change both the volume and flow characteristics of the blood entering the placenta, resulting in hypoxic/oxidative damage. Maternal vasculopathy is associated most closely with the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy but can also be found in several other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Changes in body composition in male adolescents with childhood-onset GH deficiency during transition

OBJECTIVE Restarting rhGH in adolescents with childhood-onset (CO-) GHD is usually based on GH retest, IGF-1, additional pituitary hormone deficiencies, pituitary morphology and history. Short-term changes in body composition in adolescents with CO-GHD when off rhGH may contribute to the identification of those in need of treatment continuation. DESIGN This is a longitudinal single-centre study. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS The body composition of 90 male adolescents with low-likelihood severe GHD of adolescence was measured by DXA at the time of rhGH discontinuation and 6 months thereafter. At diagnosis, mean age was 5.4 years, height was -2.68 SDS and stimulated GH peak was 5.1 ng/mL. RhGH treatment was stopped at 16.7 years at near-final height of -0.44 SDS. The adolescents were re-examined after 3 months off rhGH using both IGF-1 and GHRH-arginine tests. Severe GHD of adolescence was defined both by stimulated GH 7.0 kg was 88% sensitive and 94% specific for detecting severe GHD of adolescence (AUC = 0.975). CONCLUSIONS Short-term body composition changes when off rhGH are good clinical markers of severe GHD in male adolescents. The novel BBC score is an aggregate of these changes.
Antitrust in Three Acts

Economic analysis frames the debates in U.S. antitrust, and as such, it resembles an Italian Opera. While the best economists in the world sing in front of judges, most of the audience loses something in the translation. Without a guide, it is easy for the spectacle to distract. Observers miss crucial details, and lose the plot. Which motivates the topic today: How does antitrust economics inform a case against the big four tech firms in the United States -Google/Alphabet, Facebook, Amazon, and Apple? This question is under serious consideration today, so the answer is more than an academic exercise.
The importance of superoxide in nitric oxide-dependent toxicity: evidence for peroxynitrite-mediated injury.

The potent vasodilator effects of pharmacological agents such as nitroglycerin have been known for over 100 years. In the last 20 years evidence has accumulated suggesting that nitric oxide is the species responsible for the biological effects of nitro-vasodilators. However, only within the last 10 years has the importance of earlier studies become clear; nitric oxide is an enzymatically-produced second messenger. Work of atmospheric chemists would indicate that nitrogen oxides like nitric oxide are harmful, yet we live out our lives constantly generating nitric oxide in endothelial cells and neurons and pharmacologic doses of nitro-vasodilators are devoid of overt toxicity. Furthermore, at physiologically relevent concentrations, no direct toxicity of nitric oxide itself has been demonstrated. Nontheless, endogenous production of nitric oxide has been implicated in reoxygenation injury following ischemia (1,2), glutamate-mediated neuronal toxicity (2,3), inflammation (4–6) and graft versus host disease (7–9). How then, can nitric oxide be injurious?
Optimization of Tensile Strength and Shrinkage of Talc-Filled Polypropylene as a Packaging Material in Injection Molding

Polypropylene (PP), as a rigid and low-cost packaging material, has been used to make many packaging products such as containers, tubs, buckets, and various closures, etc. The addition of talc in PP brings many benefits such as enhanced stiffness, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, reduced water vapor and oxygen transmission, etc. Thus, talc-filled polypropylene (TFPP) has been widely used in packaging and automotive industry. For injection-molded TFPP packaging products, tensile strength and dimensional accuracy are two important quality characteristics. Both are heavily influenced by the molding conditions. One molding window for enhancing the tensile strength may not be favorable to shrinkage control and dimensional accuracy. This paper presents a Taguchi-based design approach, developed for multi-objective optimization, with the combined goals of maximizing the tensile strength and minimizing the shrinkage of injection-molded TFPP parts under the same molding condition. With the Taguchi optimization approach, it turned out that the tensile strength was increased from 22.07 to 24.40 MPa and the shrinkage was reduced from 3.25 to 2.28%. The optimizing approach and the tensile and shrinkage behaviors of TFPP can be used in other manufacturing processes, wherein two or more quality objectives are to be optimized.
Spectroscopic fingerprint stimulated Raman scattering imaging of living cells and large area tissues by ultrafast delay-line tuning and deep learning (Conference Presentation)

Fingerprint stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) produces label-free chemical maps of molecules in living systems with higher specificity compared to CH vibration region. However, due to the weak signal levels in the fingerprint window, it remains challenging for fingerprint SRS to study highly dynamic or large-scale samples. Here, we push the design space of SRS using deep learning, which can recover the signal-to-noise ratio to the levels comparable to measurements with 100 times longer integration time. Combined with an ultrafast 50-kHz delay-line tuner, we can generate real-time images of cholesterol, fatty acid, and proteins of living cells and large-area tissues including the whole brain.
Chapter 10 – Speaking and Singing

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with speaking and singing that are usually carried out for communication. Their most important output is acoustic. Speaking and singing are studied in a wide variety of fields, including psychology, physiology, linguistics, engineering, and speech pathology. Intonation, stress, and rate also distinguish speech signals. When the same words are spoken at different rates, they are not uniformly slowed down or sped up. As speech speeds up, intonation flattens, extraneous syllables are eliminated, and vowels but not consonants shorten. Speech occurs more quickly than would be possible if each phoneme were prepared only after the preceding phoneme was completed. The articulators move in parallel and anticipate forthcoming phoneme requirements, a phenomenon called coarticulation. The main topics covered in the chapter on speaking and singing are the vocal tract and articulatory dynamics, the relation between speech and hearing, network models of coarticulation and speech errors, brain mechanisms, bird song, and motor resonance. The last term refers to the tendency of perceptual input to arouse physical action tendencies that in turn affect the way the perceptual input is interpreted.
ANIMAL SPIRITS, ECONOMIC POLICIES AND BUSINESS CYCLES: THE THREE MUSKETEERS OF THE ECONOMIC WORLD

This study quantifies animal spirits by constructing an index using information from major sectors of the economy. The key drivers of the animal spirits are the monetary/fiscal policies and the sta...
Prevention of Infectious Diseases

Success in preventing infectious diseases requires a broad approach that considers all of the factors related to the onset, transmission and control of these diseases. Using this approach, a well designed prevention program encompasses all factors affecting resistance and all factors affecting exposure to the common bovine diseases. Programs based primarily on vaccines are most apt to fail and usually result in a poor rate of return on a significant investment. Effective programs are those based on a combination of sound management and sound medicine.
Interactive Effects of Team and Task Shared Mental Models As Related to Air Traffic Controllers’ Collective Efficacy and Effectiveness

We assessed the influence of task and team shared mental models (SMMs) on team effectiveness, as mediated by collective efficacy. Using a sample of 422 air traffic controllers representing 43 Navy teams from land-based towers, task SMMs exhibited a significant linear relationship with team effectiveness, whereas team SMMs did not. Moreover, the interaction of team and task SMMs was positively related to team effectiveness. Collective efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between task SMMs (but not team SMMs or their interaction) and team effectiveness. Results are discussed in terms of the complex nature of SMMs and team outcomes.
The Supreme Court's Abortion Exceptionalism

On April 12, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) temporarily lifted its decades-long restriction on access to medication abortion, which accounts for two in five abortions in the United States. The agency’s action renders moot the Supreme Court’s ruling three months earlier in the case of FDA v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. We believe FDA v. ACOG has troubling implications beyond medical care and public health. The ruling betrays a blind deference to regulators who ignore scientific facts in the name of politics. The biggest question FDA v. ACOG raises — about the proper scope of judicial deference — goes beyond telemedicine, public health, or abortion access. Federal judges are charged with smoking out illegitimate grounds for impeding constitutional rights. That requires taking a hard look at the reasons agencies and legislature give to justify such restrictions. We believe the Supreme Court abdicates its duty by deferring this critical appraisal to regulators themselves.
A pragmatic trial of online interactive webtools for teaching biostatistics to first-year medical students: a constructivism-informed approach

Background: Statistical reasoning is an important clinical skill that informs evidence-based medicine and is desirable for 21 st century practice. Yet many physicians struggle to apply biostatistical techniques correctly, potentially undermining patient care decision-making and adversely affecting outcomes. The overarching concepts of foundational biostatistics and probabilistic reasoning can be challenging to teach and hard for students to internalize given time constraints, lack of intrinsic motivation, and varied pre-existing knowledge or cognitive schema. We investigated how supplemental, interactive online webtools affected first-year medical students’ learning of sensitivity, specificity, negative/positive predictive values, and prevalence. Methods: Online webtool design was informed by constructivism and sought to have learners 1) build conceptual representations by connecting new information to existing knowledge, 2) interact with primary sources of biostatistical data, and 3) begin with whole concepts then explore component parts. A total of 59 students were assigned randomly to two cohorts that had access to the webtools before or after in-class teaching; an additional 35 students had no access and served as the control cohort. Access metrics, summative exam scores, prior knowledge measurements, and qualitative data on learners’ experiences from three focus groups (n = 6/group) were collected. Results: Mean exam scores were 87.5 ± 10.8%, 90.7 ± 11.2%, and 88.9 7 ±12.9% for the before, after, and control cohorts (p = 0.49). Students repeatedly accessed the online webtools: mean access was 4.3 (± 2.6) (before) and 2.6 (± 1.5) (after). Qualitative data showed the webtools facilitated learning in a time-efficient manner. Conclusions: Online interactive webtools facilitated a constructivism-informed learning model and were found by first-year medical student to supplement and enhance their learning experience without detracting from established biostatistical teaching or negatively affecting summative assessment outcomes.
New pentafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl (SF5) perfluoroalkyl benzene derivatives

Abstract Preparation of the following new SF 5 -perfluoroalkyl benzene derivatives, m -SF 5 CF 2 CF 2 C 6 H 4 X (X=NO 2 , NH 2 , OH, I, NHCOCH 3 , SO 2 Cl, SO 3 H, SO 3 K) has been achieved. The new compounds were characterized by their respective IR, NMR and HRMS or elemental analysis.
Insulin resistance and obesity-related factors in Prader–Willi syndrome: Comparison with obese subjects

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), the most common genetic cause of marked obesity in humans, is usually due to a de novo paternally derived chromosome 15q11-q13 deletion or maternal disomy 15 [(uniparental disomy (UPD)]. Obesity is due to energy imbalance, but few studies have examined fat patterning and obesity-related factors in subjects with PWS (deletions and UPD) compared with subjects with simple obesity. We examined for differences in fatness patterning and lipid, leptin, and glucose and insulin levels in subjects with simple obesity and PWS and adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). Fasting peripheral blood samples and cross-sectional magnetic resonance image scans at the level of the umbilicus were obtained in 55 subjects ranging in age from 10.4 to 49 years: 20 PWS deletion, 17 PWS UPD, and 18 obese controls. Subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and intra-abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) were calculated. No significant difference was seen between the PWS deletion subjects or PWS UPD subjects for fatness measurements or leptin levels. Twenty-three of 37 PWS subjects met the criteria for obesity (BMI > 95th percentile). No significant differences were observed for SFA and VFA between the PWS subjects judged to be obese and control subjects with simple obesity. There was an overall trend for decreased VFA in the PWS subjects but not significantly different. VFA was significantly positively correlated with both fasting insulin and total cholesterol in PWS deletion subjects but not in PWS UPD subjects or obese controls. Fasting insulin level was significantly lower in the obese PWS subjects compared with subjects with simple obesity, and insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) was significantly higher in PWS subjects with obesity. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and QUICKI values were correlated and in opposite directions with triglycerides in the obese PWS subjects but not in the obese controls. Subjects in each group were stratified according to published criteria on the basis of their level of visceral fat (e.g. > or = 130 cm(2)) to assess the influence of VFA on metabolic abnormalities. In the obese PWS subjects, the fasting triglyceride, glucose, and insulin levels, and HOMA value were significantly elevated, while the QUICKI value was significantly lower in those with VFA > or = 130 cm(2). Such significant differences were not seen in the obese control group. Our results indicate that VFA may be regulated differently in PWS subjects compared to individuals with simple obesity. Insulin resistance is lower in PWS subjects and insulin sensitivity is higher compared with obese controls. PWS subjects with increased VFA may be at a higher risk of obesity-related complications compared to PWS subjects without increased VFA.
Mentat—Applying the Object-Oriented Paradigm to Parallel Processing

Publisher Summary This chapter describes Mentat as an object-oriented parallel processing system designed to address three problems that face the parallel computing community, the difficulty of writing parallel programs, the difficulty achieving portability of those programs, and the difficulty exploiting contemporary heterogeneous environments. Writing parallel programs by hand is more difficult than writing sequential programs. The programmer must manage communication, synchronization, and scheduling of tens to thousands of independent processes. The burden of correctly managing the environment often overwhelms programmers, and requires a considerable investment of time and energy. The chapter reviews that Mentat was originally designed to address the first two of these issues, implementation difficulty, and portability. The primary Mentat design objectives were to provide (1) easy-to-use parallelism, (2) high performance via parallel execution, (3) system scalability from tens to hundreds of processors, and (4) applications portability across a wide range of platforms. The premise underlying Mentat is that writing programs for parallel machines does not have to be hard. Instead, it is the lack of appropriate abstractions that has kept parallel architectures difficult to program, and hence, inaccessible to mainstream, production system programmers. The third issue, heterogeneity, is the focus of the Legion project which is an outgrowth of Mentat. To date Mentat has been ported to a variety of platforms that span the latency and bandwidth spectrum; from heterogeneous workstation networks, to distributed memory MPP's, to shared memory machines. Workstations include generations of Sun workstations, IBM RS 6000's, Hewlett Packard's, and Silicon Graphics workstations. MPP's platforms have included the BBN Butterfly, the Intel iPSC/2, iPSC/860, and Paragon, and the IBM SP-1 and SP-2.
Falling behind the Joneses: relative consumption and the growth-savings paradox

Abstract Concern for individual consumption relative to per capita consumption can induce a fear of falling behind, which increases precautionary savings. This fear intensifies as societal income growth increases, allowing for a positive effect of growth on savings rates.
Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein abnormalities in familial combined hyperlipidemia: a 20-year prospective study.

In order to characterize the lipoprotein abnormalities in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and to describe factors associated with the stability of the FCHL phenotype during 20-year follow-up, 287 individuals from 48 families with FCHL originally identified in the early 1970s (baseline) were studied. Hyperlipidemia was defined as lipid-lowering medication use, or ⩾age- and sex-specific 90th percentile for triglycerides or cholesterol. Triglyceride, cholesterol and medical history data were obtained at baseline and 20-year follow-up. Additional follow-up measures included HDL-C, LDL-C, LDL particle size, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoB, and apoE polymorphism. Longitudinally, two-thirds of relatives were consistently normolipidemic or hyperlipidemic, and one third were discordant for hyperlipidemic status at baseline and 20-year follow-up. Individuals with hyperlipidemia at baseline and/or follow-up had higher apoB levels than those with consistently normal lipids (P<0.05), whereas small LDL size was associated with concurrent hyperlipidemia. Among individuals who were normolipidemic at baseline, the following variables were independently associated with development of hyperlipidemia over 20 years: older age at baseline, male sex, greater increase in BMI during follow-up, and apoE alleles epsilon 2 or epsilon 4. In conclusion, apoB is associated with hyperlipidemia and apoE polymorphism is associated with later onset of hyperlipidemia in FCHL.
Leveraging high-level and low-level features for multimedia event detection

This paper addresses the challenge of Multimedia Event Detection by proposing a novel method for high-level and low-level features fusion based on collective classification. Generally, the method consists of three steps: training a classifier from low-level features; encoding high-level features into graphs; and diffusing the scores on the established graph to obtain the final prediction. The final prediction is derived from multiple graphs each of which corresponds to a high-level feature. The paper investigates two graph construction methods using logarithmic and exponential loss functions, respectively and two collective classification algorithms, i.e. Gibbs sampling and Markov random walk. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed method converges and is computationally scalable and the empirical analysis on TRECVID 2011 Multimedia Event Detection dataset validates its outstanding performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, with an added benefit of interpretability.
Alveolar bone resorption

Abstract Alveolar bone resorption is one of the most important phenomena in denture construction. Some of the factors to be considered are: 1.1. Alveolar bone resorption after extractions is a normal process. 2.2. The patient's history may reveal systemic diseases which might cause resorption through circulatory disturbances or faulty metabolism. 3.3. Dietary deficiencies may induce bone loss. 4.4. Roentgenographic examination will reveal the possible capabilities of bone to resist external stresses. 5.5. Stress control through modification of construction procedures will minimize bone loss.
Grabbing E2 by the tail.

Ubiquitin-like proteins, including NEDD8, regulate a wide range of cellular processes and are mobilized by parallel biochemical pathways. A recent crystal structure explains how the NEDD8-specific E1 enzyme specifically recruits its cognate E2 enzyme by binding to a flexible N-terminal extension.
Anomalous positron peaak in heavy-ion collisions.

We explore the possibility of whether the anomalous positron peak observed recently in heavyion experiments may be due to a polyelectron complex (${e}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$). The decay of such a complex with the emission of a photon leads to a positron with a kinetic energy of 341 keV, which coincides with the recently observed anomalous positron peak to within the experimental error. The hypothesis of a polyelectron complex may also explain other features of the phenomenon.
Decreased operative risk of surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation with or without coronary artery disease

The consecutive 2 year experience with patients undergoing first-time surgery for mitral regurgitation with and without coronary artery disease was reviewed. From January 1988 to January 1990, 127 patients with pure mitral regurgitation undergoing first-time operation were surgically treated. No other valve lesion, no reoperation and no congenital defects were included. The mean patient age was 62 years with 26% of the patients greater than 70 years. Twenty-six percent of the entire group was in functional class IV. Seventy-five patients received mitral valve repair and 52 underwent mitral valve replacement with a St. Jude or Hancock valve. In patients undergoing mitral valve repair, there was a higher incidence of those greater than 70 years old and of coronary artery disease and in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement there was a higher incidence of functional class IV. The operative mortality rate was 2.3% (3 of 127 patients). No patient failed to be discontinued from cardiopulmonary bypass and all three deaths occurred after mitral valve replacement, with one from complications of chronic renal failure and dialysis. There was no significant difference in patients who either did or did not have a concomitant coronary artery bypass graft and there was no difference related to age or functional class. Postoperative complications occurred in five patients in the valve repair group, including recurrent mitral regurgitation in two necessitating reoperation, and in three patients in the valve replacement group. With newer operative and postoperative management techniques, especially preservation of the papillary muscle annular continuity, the risk of mitral valve surgery, particularly of valve repair, is considerably lower than in previous years.
Patterns of change in the intrametropolitan location of population, jobs, and housing: 1950 to 1980

Abstract This paper presents a discussion and estimates of a simultaneous-equations model of intrametropolitan location of population, employment, and housing. What distinguishes this work from prior research on suburbanization is that population is distinguished by income class, employment is distinguished by type, and housing is distinguished by mode (i.e., owner versus rental). The model is estimated for three distinct decades, namely, the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Moreover, rather than inferring the causal linkages between population, employment, and housing from estimates of urban density functions or from relative changes in central city and suburban population, this paper utilizes data on actual movers between central cities (suburbs) and suburbs (central cities), as well as on the location of metropolitan in-migrants in the central city versus the suburban ring.
Molecular Analysis of a Recurrent Sarcoma Identifies a Mutation in FAF1

A patient presented with a recurrent sarcoma (diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma) 12 years after the removal of an initial cancer (diagnosed as extracompartmental osteosarcoma) distally on the same limb. Following surgery, the sarcoma and unaffected muscle and bone were subjected to measurements of DNA exome sequence, RNA and protein expression, and transcription factor binding. The investigation provided corroboration of the diagnosis leiomyosarcoma, as the major upregulations in this tumor comprise muscle-specific gene products and calcium-regulating molecules (calcium is an important second messenger in smooth muscle cells). A likely culprit for the disease is the point mutation S181G in FAF1, which may cause a loss of apoptotic function consecutive to transforming DNA damage. The RNA levels of genes for drug transport and metabolism were extensively skewed in the tumor tissue as compared to muscle and bone. The results suggest that the tumor represents a recurrence of a dormant metastasis from an originally misdiagnosed neoplasm. A loss of FAF1 function could cause constitutive WNT pathway activity (consistent with the downstream inductions of IGF2BP1 and E2F1 in this cancer). While the study has informed on drug transport and drug metabolism pharmacogenetics, it has fallen short of identifying a suitable target for molecular therapy.
Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, which has various clinical presentations and both axonal and demyelinating forms. The original description of “ascending paralysis” encompasses the most common varieties: the primary demyelinating form, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), and some of the axonal forms, acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). However, there are now well-documented acute “monophasic” polyneuropathies that have a different clinical phenomenology than that described originally by Guillain, Barre, and Strohl: Miller Fisher syndrome, pure sensory neuropathy/neuronopathy, pandysautonomia, and oropharyngeal variant. Here the authors review both typical GBS (AIDP, AMAN, and AMSAN), and variant syndromes with a focus on clinical and diagnostic features, pathologic findings, pathogenesis, and treatment.
Sequential decision problems on isolated time domains

Abstract In this paper, we shall study the deterministic dynamic sequence problem on isolated time domains. After introducing the Euler equations and the transversality condition, we shall prove that the Euler equations and transversality condition are sufficient for the existence of the optimal solution. We shall also introduce the Bellman equation on isolated time scales. This equation will generalize the well-known Bellman equation in the theory of dynamic programming. As an application in financial economics, we shall optimize a sequence problem of growth model on isolated time domains.
Carotid artery stenting with routine cerebral protection in high-risk patients

Abstract Background Carotid artery stenting has emerged as an alternative treatment modality in carotid occlusive disease. This study examined our experience of carotid stenting with routine cerebral embolization protection in high-risk patients. Methods Clinical variables and treatment outcome of high-risk patients who underwent carotid stenting with neuroprotection were analyzed during a 26-month period. Results Sixty-eight high-risk patients with 72 carotid artery stenoses were treated. Procedural success was achieved in 70 cases (97%), and symptomatic lesions existed in 17 (24%) patients. Monorail Wallstents stents were used in all cases. Neuroprotective devices used were PercuSurge (28%) and Filterwire (72%). There was no periprocedural mortality or neuroprotective device-related complications. The 30-day stroke and death rate was 2.7%, and the overall complication rate was 6.9%. All stented vessels remained patent during the follow-up period (mean 15.3 ± 4.2, range 1 to 23 months). Two asymptomatic in-stent restenosis (3%) occurred at 6 and 8 months, which were both successfully treated with balloon angioplasty. Conclusions Our study showed that percutaneous carotid stenting with routine use of a cerebral protection device is a feasible and effective treatment in high-risk patients with carotid occlusive disease.
Induction and regulation of the IgE response

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is believed to be one of the major mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions that underlie atopic conditions such as urticaria, seasonal allergy, asthma and anaphylaxis. Factors that control IgE production are therefore essential to the pathogenesis of these important afflictions. But a complete understanding of this topic is lacking, while new data have raised questions regarding the precise role of IgE in atopic disease. Evolving concepts of IgE production and elimination are likely to clarify the importance of IgE in health and disease.
FEM3 model simulations of selected thorney island phase I trials

Abstract FEM3 is a three-dimensional computer model that was designed for simulating the atmospheric dispersion of heavy gas releases. The model, which has been
Manometric Assay of the In Vitro Dehydrochlorination of TDE by the Mexican Bean Beetle

A manometric method provided a fairly reliable measurement of the quantity of dehydrochlorinated TDE produced from TDE by aqueous extracts of acetone powders of Epilachna varivestis Mulsant pupae. Dehydrochlorinated TDE was the only significant metabolite of TDE detected by ultraviolet absorption measurements. Addition of the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid significantly prolonged the activity of the dehydrochlorinase.
Freeze-thaw injury of rat heart across an intact diaphragm: a new model for the study of the response of myocardium to injury

A new method for producing a circumscribed injury in rat myocardium is described. It utilises laparotomy and freeze-thawing across an intact diaphragm. Morbidity and mortality are negligible because the chest and pericardial cavities, the major coronary vessels, and the major branches of the conduction system remain intact. The size and location of the injury are reproducible and its sharp delineation facilitates accurate collection of samples from areas of interest. The myocytes are killed in the area of injury, whereas the capillary, nerve and connective tissue cells are killed centrally but preserved peripherally in a perimeter zone of injury in which capillaries remain patent. The reparative activities are initiated at the border between injured and uninjured myocardium; as they progress over the ensuing 6 weeks, the volume of damaged myocardium diminishes rapidly leaving only a rim of subepicardial scar tissue, and the thickness of ventricular muscle between the scar and endocardium returns almost completely to its pre-injury width. The mechanisms involved in the repair process are being investigated.
School Psychology Goes to College: The Emerging Role of School Psychology in College Communities.

Many college students display academic and social-emotional needs that are not being addressed by extant university supports. School psychologists who work in postsecondary settings and have expertise in providing psychoeducational services may be uniquely positioned to help many of these students. However, few school psychologists currently work with or serve college students. To address unmet student needs and illustrate the fruitful role of school psychology in college communities, this article discusses ways university-based or -affiliated school psychologists can expand their current roles. Additionally, a multitiered framework is included that encourages the provision of interventions at universal, selective, and targeted service delivery levels. Although many of the interventions and ideas discussed in this article are not yet widely implemented, they warrant consideration and further elaboration because of their potential to impact college students and the practice of school psychology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microstructural characteristics and diffuse phase transition behavior of lanthanum-modified lead titanate

Abstract The introduction of structural disorder into perovskite ferroelectrics leads to the observation of diffuse phase transition behavior. In this paper, the microstructural characteristics and phase transition behavior of lanthanum-modified lead titanate are discussed. It is shown that the diffuse nature of the transition is connected with the appearance of ferroelectric domain structures exhibiting texture on the mesoscopic (≈ 10 run) length scale. The theoretical implications of these results are briefly discussed.
Aqueous Mediated Synthesis of Mesostructured Manganese Germanium Sulfide with Hexagonal Order

The novel sulfidic mesophase [C14H29N(CH3)3]2MnGe4S10 forms via the surfactant-templated assembly of adamantane Ge4S104- clusters and Mn2+ ions in water. The material possesses a continuous, fully bonded framework of MnGe4S10 which is perforated with large parallel tunnels arranged with hexagonal order. The materials bear a structural resemblance to MCM-41.
Salvage radiotherapy for men with isolated rising PSA or locally palpable recurrence after radical prostatectomy: Do outcomes differ?

Abstract Objectives To compare, in a retrospective analysis, the outcome of salvage external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for isolated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation or palpable local recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods We evaluated 102 men who underwent EBRT from 1993 to 1999, 60 for a rising PSA level alone and 42 for palpable local disease after RP. Biochemical disease-free survival and overall survival were calculated. Prognostic factors were evaluated to determine associations with biochemical disease-free survival. Results The 5-year rate of biochemical disease-free survival, local control, freedom from distant metastasis, and overall survival for all 102 patients was 38%, 94%, 87%, and 88%, respectively. All palpable disease resolved completely after salvage EBRT. The greatest 5-year rate of biochemical control (69%) was obtained in patients with a pre-EBRT PSA level of 0.5 ng/mL or less. The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly better for those who underwent salvage EBRT for a rising PSA level than for those with palpable recurrence (96% versus 78%, P = 0.02). A low pre-EBRT PSA level and a less than 2-year interval from RP to EBRT were independent predictors of biochemical failure. Five patients (5%) experienced chronic grade 3 or 4 RT-related toxicity. Conclusions Salvage EBRT provides excellent local control of recurrent disease after RP. Salvage EBRT before the development of palpable local disease may confer a survival benefit and decrease the risk of metastasis, and durable biochemical control was achieved best in those whose pre-EBRT PSA level was 0.5 ng/mL or less. Early referral and careful patient selection is vital for salvage EBRT to be of optimal benefit.
Nutritional role of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Abstract In mammalian tissues there are four families of polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from the parent fatty acids: palmitoleic and oleic acids, which can be synthesized endogenously, and linoleic and linolenic acids, which must be obtained from the diet and are known as essential fatty acids. These four precursors are desaturated and chain elongated to form the long chain highly unsaturated fatty acids. The principal products of linoleic acid are arachidonic, with four double bonds (tetraene), and dihomogamma linolenic acids; those of linolenic acid are eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. These polyunsaturated acids derived from essential fatty acids when incorporated into membrane phospholipids can alter membrane fluidity, which determines the permeability of membranes and the behavior of membrane-bound enzymes and receptors. The dihomogammalinolenic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids are also the precursors of eicosanoids, which influence many cellular processes. When the dietary amounts of linoleic and linolenic acids are inadequate, palmitoleate and oleate are desaturated and chain elongated to give rise to eicosatrienoic acids (triene). An elevated tissue triene/tetraene ratio is, therefore, used as a marker for essential fatty acid deficiency. The essential fatty acid deficiency symptoms include reduced growth rate, scaly dermatitis, impaired reproduction, and susceptibility to infection. The intake of 1 to 2% of the daily calories as linoleate and 0.2 to 0.5% as linolenate is widely acknowledged as the approximate amounts to meet the needs of essential fatty acids in humans
Calnexin Associates Exclusively with Individual CD3δ and T Cell Antigen Receptor (TCR) α Proteins Containing Incompletely Trimmed Glycans That Are Not Assembled into Multisubunit TCR Complexes

Most T lymphocytes express on their surfaces an oligomeric protein complex consisting of clonotypic αβ polypeptides associated with invariant CD3-γδe and ζ chains, designated the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex. Assembly and intracellular transport of nascent TCR proteins is believed to be assisted by their interaction with the molecular chaperone calnexin, which for certain molecules functions as a lectin for monoglucosylated glycans. However, as most of our knowledge about calnexin-TCR protein associations has been obtained under conditions of limited TCR assembly, the role of calnexin in the formation of nascent TCR complexes is unclear. Here, we studied the role of glucose (Glc) trimming and calnexin association in the oligomerization of TCRα and CD3δ glycoproteins in murine splenic T lymphocytes, a model cell type for efficient assembly of complete TCR complexes. We show that removal of Glc residues from both CD3δ proteins and TCRα proteins occurred prior to their association with any other TCR components and that calnexin specifically interacted with unassembled TCRα and CD3δ proteins containing incompletely trimmed oligosaccharides. Interestingly, we found that removal of Glc residues from glycan chains was necessary for efficient association of calnexin with TCRα glycoproteins but not with CD3δ glycoproteins. These studies define Glc trimming and calnexin association as initial molecular events in the translation of CD3δ and TCRα proteins, occurring coincident with or immediately after their translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and preceding the ordered pairing of TCR chains. In addition, these data document that calnexin assembly with CD3δ and TCRα glycoproteins involves both glycan-dependent and glycan-independent mechanisms.
Early follicular antimüllerian hormone as an indicator of ovarian reserve

Objective To determine the predictive value of antimullerian hormone (AMH) as a marker for ovarian reserve and to compare its value with the markers currently being used. Design Prospective analysis. Setting In vitro fertilization (IVF) clinic of a tertiary medical center. Patient(s) Fifty women undergoing assisted reproduction cycles. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Comparison of day-3 serum AMH levels among women with less than five retrieved oocytes and five or more oocytes. Antral follicle count, mature oocyte count, age, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E 2 ), maximum serum E 2 levels, and pregnancy success were also compared. Result(s) The mean serum AMH levels of patients with more than five retrieved oocytes were found to be higher (0.67 ± 0.41 vs. 0.15 ± 0.11 pg/mL). Mature oocyte counts, antral follicle counts, and maximum E 2 levels were found to be statistically significantly different in the two groups despite similar ages and levels of basal FSH and E 2 . Although the receiver operator characteristics analysis revealed that the most sensitive and specific indicator of ovarian reserve is the level of AMH, it does not indicate pregnancy success as well when 0.25 pg/mL is taken as a cut-off value. Conclusion(s) These data demonstrate an association between early follicular serum AMH and ovarian response, but no association with pregnancy success.
Partial widths of molecular resonances in the system /sup 12/C + /sup 12/C

Total-cross-section excitation functions for $^{12}\mathrm{C}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$ single and mutual inelastic scattering, and fusion, have been analyzed to yield partial widths of the ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}=({10}^{+}), ({12}^{+}), \mathrm{and} ({14}^{+})$ gross structure resonances. The results are shown to be consistent with the double-resonances picture in which the strongly collective ${2}_{1}^{+}$ inelastic excitations act as doorway states.
Contradictions in Theoretical Approaches to the Teaching of Foreign Languages.

CURIOUSLY ENOUGH, theoreticians on the teaching of foreign languages are caught in a number of contradictions or paradoxes. And just as curiously, these theoreticians would not be caught in these contradictions if they adhered to Chomsky's dicta on one crucial issue. Chomsky has indicated that transformational-generative grammars and the theories of linguistics associated with them are concerned with native-speaker competence. He has also stated that his theories are largely irrelevant to the problems of the teacher of foreign languages.1 But it would appear that psycho-linguists and others working in the field of applied linguistics do not attend to Chomskyan pronouncements on this one matter. As a result, there are ample reasons for examining various attempts at applying Chomskyan theory to the approaches and methods used in teaching foreign languages. One such attempt at application can be found in a recent work by Leon A. Jakobovits. Much of Jakobovits' work appears to be beyond reproach given the present state of knowledge in the field, but it is at those points where he becomes a doctrinaire transformationalist that he
Towards covalent vaccination: improved polyclonal HIV neutralizing antibody response induced by an electrophilic gp120 V3 peptide analog.

Rare monoclonal antibodies (Abs) can form irreversible complexes with antigens by enzyme-like covalent nucleophile-electrophile pairing. To determine the feasibility of applying irreversible antigen inactivation by Abs as the basis of vaccination against microbes, we studied the polyclonal nucleophilic Ab response induced by the electrophilic analog of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) gp120 located in the V3 domain. Abs from mice immunized with the PND analog containing electrophilic phosphonates (E-PND) neutralized a homologous HIV strain (MN) ∼50-fold more potently than control Abs from mice immunized with PND. The IgG fractions displayed binding to intact HIV particles. HIV complexes formed by anti-E-PND IgG dissociated noticeably more slowly than the complexes formed by anti-PND IgG. The slower dissociation kinetics are predicted to maintain long-lasting blockade of host cell receptor recognition by gp120. Pretreatment of the anti-PND IgG with a haptenic electrophilic phosphonate compound resulted in more rapid dissociation of the HIV-IgG complexes, consistent with the hypothesis that enhanced Ab nucleophilic reactivity induced by electrophilic immunization imparts irreversible character to the complexes. These results suggest that electrophilic immunization induces a sufficiently robust nucleophilic Ab response to enhance the anti-microbial efficacy of candidate polypeptide vaccines.
Interactions between narcotic agonists, partial agonists and antagonists evaluated by punished and unpunished behavior in the rat

The effects of morphine, ketocyclazocine, cyclazocine, and SKF-10,047 were tested alone and in conjunction with naltrexone or naloxone, in rats responding under a multiple fixed-interval 3-min schedule of food presentation. Under this paradigm, electric shock was delivered on a fixed-ratio schedule for responses occurring during alternate schedule components. All of the drugs (except naltrexone and naloxone) decreased average rates of responding maintained by the unpunished component in a dose-dependent manner. The rate-decreasing effects of morphine and ketocyclazocine were antagonized by naltrexone. The rate-decreasing effects of cyclazocine were only slightly reversed by the antagonists, while those effects of SKF-10,047 were not affected by naltrexone. In some animals, certain doses of SKF-10,047 increased unpunished responding. This rate-increasing effect was antagonized by naltrexone. Morphine, ketocyclazocine, cyclazocine, and SKF-10,047 increased responding that was suppressed by electric shock, and these increases were antagonized by naltrexone and naloxone. Thus, the antagonism of opiate effects by narcotic antagonists depends in part on the behavior being evaluated.
Expression of the aquaporin 8 water channel in a rat salivary epithelial cell line

Aquaporins are a family of water channels considered to play an important role in fluid transport across plasma membranes. Among the reported isoforms, relatively little is known about the functional role of aquaporin 8 (AQP8), and there are no cell lines known to express the AQP8 protein. We report here that the rat submandibular epithelial cell line, SMIE, expresses AQP8. Using RT-PCR, the presence of mRNA for AQP8 was demonstrated in these cells. Confocal immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the AQP8 protein is primarily present in the apical membranes of SMIE cells. When grown as a polarized monolayer on collagen coated polycarbonate filters, and exposed on their apical surface to different hyperosmotic (440, 540, or 640 mOsm) solutions, net fluid movement across SMIE cells was 8-25-fold that seen under isosmotic conditions. Similarly, when grown on coverslips and then exposed to a hypertonic solution, SMIE cells shrunk as a function of time. Together, these results suggest that SMIE cells endogenously express functional AQP8 water channels.
Bridge Finite Element Model Updating Based on Uniform Design and Response Surface Method

An accurate finite element model is a necessity for analyzing the bridge's health status. The uniform design combined with response surface finite element model updating method is proposed in this paper. The error of data obtained from updating model is less than 3% by contrasting static load test data in Shihe Bridge.The result shows that the updating model has a good fit with the actual bridge.