cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repeat ablation of refractory ventricular arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: Impact of midmyocardial substrate and role of adjunctive ablation techniques.

INTRODUCTION Multiple ablations are often necessary to manage ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) patients. We assessed characteristics and outcomes and role of adjunctive, nonstandard ablation in repeat VA ablation (RAbl) in NICM. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive NICM patients undergoing RAbl were analyzed, with characteristics of the last VA ablations compared between those undergoing 1 versus multiple-repeat ablations (1-RAbl vs. >1RAbl), and between those with or without midmyocardial substrate (MMS). VA-free survival was compared. Eighty-eight patients underwent 124 RAbl, 26 with > 1RAbl, and 26 with MMS. 1-RAbl and > 1-RAbl groups were similar in age (57 ± 16 vs. 57 ± 17 years; P = 0.92), males (76% vs. 69%; P = 0.60), LVEF (40 ± 17% vs. 40 ± 18%; P = 0.96), and amiodarone use (31% vs. 46%, P = 0.22). One-year VA freedom between 1-RAbl vs. > 1RAbl was similar (82% vs. 80%; P = 0.81); adjunctive ablation was utilized more in >1RAbl (31% vs. 11%, P = 0.02), and complication rates were higher (27% vs. 7%, P = 0.01), most due to septal substrate and anticipated heart block. >1-RAbl patients had more MMS (62% vs. 16%, P 1RAbl was performed, more often with nonstandard ablation, VA-free survival was comparable to non-MMS patients (85% vs. 81%; P = 0.69). More RAbls were required in MMS versus non-MMS patients (2.00 ± 0.98 vs. 1.16 ± 0.37; P 1 repeat procedure with adjunctive ablation is often required, especially with MMS.
Using Multicultural Nonfiction and Multimedia to Develop Intercultural Competence

One of the competencies of the literate individual as outlined in the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts (ELA) & Literacy is the ability for students to understand other perspectives and cultures and communicate effectively with diverse populations. The authors describe an approach used in the ELA classroom that combines multicultural nonfiction and multimedia to develop students’ intercultural competence. This approach encompasses an extended learning experience involving In Our Village, a series of nonfiction texts about different cultures throughout the world. Students engage in various literacy activities and use multimedia to explore the concept of culture and represent their new understandings and experiences through the publication of their own book about their cultures. The approach is intended to help ELLs and native English speakers encounter multiple perspectives and ways of life that are different from their own and develop the ability to work and communicate effectively with peers of diverse backgrounds.
Molecular Analysis of the Human GAR1 Gene

A bovine glutamic acid rich protein (garp) was first reported as a soluble protein of unknown function which copurified with cGMP phosphodiesterase from rod outer segments (1). Characterization of bovine retina cDNA clones encoding garp identified a 65 kD protein with a high overall glutamate composition (24%), including one 109 amino acid domain near the C-terminus especially enriched (68/109 residues) in glutamate. This domain contained four repeats of a glutamate-rich 11 amino acid residue sequence (undecapeptide) and two repeats of a 26 amino acid peptide also rich in glutamic acid. Antibodies against a decamer corresponding to the undecapeptide from the glutamate rich region recognized a 65 kD protein in crude rod outer segment extracts. Northern analysis of poly A+ RNA from a variety of bovine tissues identified a 2.4 kb transcript only in the retina sample, suggesting that the expression may be retina-specific. More recently it was shown that garp is part of the 240 kD integral membrane protein complex that forms part of the cGMP-gated cation channel of bovine rod outer segments, thus identifing it as a third subunit (y) of the channel (2).
Intensive Care Unit Telemedicine: Innovations and Limitations

Intensive care unit (ICU) telemedicine is an established entity that has the ability to not only improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and safety of critical care, but to also serve as a tool to combat staffing shortages and resource-limited environments. Several areas for future innovation exist within the field, including the use of advanced practice providers, robust inclusion in medical education, and concurrent application of advanced machine learning. The globalization of critical care services will also likely be predominantly delivered by ICU telemedicine. Limitations faced by the field include technical issues, financial concerns, and organizational elements.
Multidimensional Item Response Theory for Factor Structure Assessment in Educational Psychology Research

This study demonstrates the use of multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) to investigate an instrument’s factor structure. For didactic purposes, MIRT was used to assess the factor structure of the 9-item Effort Beliefs Scale (Blackwell, Trzesniewski, & Dweck, 2006), based on data obtained from 1,127 undergraduate engineering students (20.9% female) across two academic years attending a large, metropolitan university in the east south-central region of the United States at the beginning and end of the first semester of freshman year. MIRT results supported the scale’s multidimensional structure, which were compared to those based on confirmatory factor analysis. Specifically, comparisons of competing models supported the scale’s bifactor structure in which the collective item set related to a primary dimension and each item related to one of two domain-specific factors: Positive Relationship, Inverse Relationship. Furthermore, the utility of item response theory for assessing effort beliefs changes across the first semester and the relationship of IRT and observed scores is provided. The paper concludes with an overview of MIRT for scale development and dimensionality assessment to advance the reader’s awareness of its use as a psychometric tool.
Primates got personality, too: Toward an integrative primatology of consistent individual differences in behavior

In recent years, research on animal personality has exploded within the field of behavioral ecology. Consistent individual differences in behavior exist in a wide range of species, and these differences can have fitness consequences and influence several aspects of a species' ecology. In comparison to studies of other animals, however, there has been relatively little research on the behavioral ecology of primate personality. This is surprising given the large body of research within psychology and biomedicine showing that primate personality traits are heritable and linked to health and life history outcomes. In this article, I bring together theoretical perspectives on the ecology and evolution of animal personality with an integrative review of what we know about primate personality from studies conducted on captive, free-ranging, and wild primates. Incorporating frameworks that emphasize consistency in behavior into primate behavioral ecology research holds promise for improving our understanding of primate behavioral evolution.
Analysis of monitoring results of urinary iodine levels of 5 special groups in Ningxia

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional level of 5 special groups (newly married women,pregnant women, lactating women, babies and infants, and students) in Ningxia, and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Clustering and random sampling method were used. In 2008 and 2009, in the 22 counties investigated, in every county with 9 townships or more, nine townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east, west, south, north and center; four villages were randomly selected in each chosen township, four people with special needs and 2 infants were randomly selected for urine samples collection in each chosen village. In every county with 9 or less townships, one township was randomly selected respectively in east, west, south, north and center sub-areas; four villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township, eight people with special needs and 3 infants' urine samples were randomly collected in each chosen village. In the 22 counties, one township was randomly selected respectively in east, west,south, north and center sub-areas, one village elementary school was randomly sampled in each chosen township,twenty students aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected to collect their urine samples in each school. The iodine concentration was determined by arsenic-cerium contact method. Results A total of 6894 copied of urine samples from newly married women, pregnant women, lactating women, babies and infants, and students were examined, the urinary iodine medians were 209.3, 187.4, 184.0, 216.5, 216.3 μg/L, respectively. From low to high in the order was lactating women, pregnant women, newly married women, students, babies and infants. The level of urinary iodine of babies and infants, pregnant women and lactating women were appropriate, the one of newly married women and students were higher than appropriate. The proportion of less than 100 μg/L of urinary iodine of the 5 kinds special groups were 11.1% (53/475), 35.4% (308/871), 35.4% (659/1863), 19.1% (283/1483), 8.4%(185/2202), respectively, while the urinary iodine of the pregnant women and lactating women were relatively high. The urinary iodine medians of the 5 special groups were also very different among counties. Conclusions The urinary iodine of the 5 special groups in Ningxia presents obvious differences between populations and regions.Current iodized salt is sufficient to ensure iodine nutrition needs for the 5 special groups. But married women and students have higher levels of iodine nutrition, indicating that the salt iodine concentration of Ningxia residents have cut space, full consideration of the 5 special groups and regional differences should be taken. Key words: Urine; Iodine; Pregnant women; Nutritional status
Original ContributionsCyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric antral mucosa before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection

OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes chronic gastritis. The inducible prostaglandin synthetase cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) plays an important role in inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis would express COX-2 protein. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of eradication of H. pylori infection on COX-2 expression in the antral mucosa of patients before and after antibiotic therapy. METHODS: Tissues were obtained from patients with nonulcer dyspepia undergoing H. pylori eradication. Ten patients with proven H. pylori infection and subsequent successful eradication were studied. Three biopsies of antral mucosa were evaluated before and after H. pylori eradication. The amount of acute and chronic inflammation was quantitated. Immunohistochemical staining for COX-2 was expressed as a percentage of the total number of cells and correlated with the degree of chronic inflammation. RESULTS: Specific immunostaining for COX-2 was observed in antral mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori. Patchy cytoplasmic staining was seen in surface epithelial cells and strong cytoplasmic staining for COX-2 was seen in parietal cells. Spotty cytoplasmic staining for COX-2 was also seen in lamina propria plasma cells, as well as there being macrophages present in the germinal centers of lymphoid aggregates. COX-2 expression could be detected both before and after eradication of H. pylori. The mean percentage of cells staining for COX-2 was significantly higher in H. pylori-infected mucosa, compared with mucosa after successful H. pylori eradication (33.4% ± 5.4 vs 18.9% ± 3.3, p = 0.038). COX-2 immunostaining correlated best with the chronic inflammation score (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.001). There was a strong correlation for those subjects who were H. pylori infected, as well as for those who had successful H. pylori eradication. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori associated acute and chronic antral inflammation was associated with immunohistochemical detection of COX-2 protein in epithelial cells, in addition to associated mononuclear cells and parietal cells. Expression was reduced, but not eliminated, in the epithelium after successful eradication of H. pylori. Despite the reduction in COX-2 expression after H. pylori eradication, expression of COX-2 in epithelial cells remained and strongly correlated with the extent of the chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. The clinical implications of H. pylori-associated induction of COX-2 expression for patients on selective COX-2 inhibitors, in addition to the role of COX-2 in gastric carcinogenesis, deserve further study.
Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Involving the Parotid Gland: Experience Outside of the Sun Belt.

ObjectiveTo characterize a subset of patients with metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a tertiary North American center and describe oncologic outcomes following definitiv...
Subaortic stenosis secondary to pannus from a mechanical mitral valve

Abstract A variety of conditions can lead to left ventricle outflow tract obstruction, but cases of subaortic stenosis decades following a mitral valve replacement are exceedingly rare. Any abnormal positioning of a prosthetic valve can result in continuous turbulence leading to permanent deposition of fibrous tissue. We present a case of a 56-year-old female that underwent mechanical mitral valve replacement, due to severe rheumatic mitral valve disease, with recurrent admissions for dyspnea. Ultimately, she underwent a left heart catheterization and during pullback from the left ventricle to the aorta a 100-mmHg pressure gradient was noted below the level of the aortic valve suggestive of subaortic stenosis. The subaortic stenosis was found to be secondary to pannus formation from her mitral valve prosthesis placed over twenty years ago.
A Re-Examination of Income Smoothing in Banks

Previous studies document discretionary income smoothing in banks via the association between loan loss provisions and pre-provision earnings. In this study, we argue that there is a large non-discretionary component to the association that is driven by the positive relationship between risk and return. Including loan interest as a control for risk significantly attenuates the coefficient on pre- provision earnings in models explaining loan loss provisions. We draw upon the non-bank literature on earnings smoothing to construct a new measure of discretionary income smoothing. We validate our measure using an exogeneous shock to income smoothing in a short window surrounding the SEC's intervention in bank accounting in the late 1990's. Employing this new measure, we provide evidence that discretionary smoothing is associated with more informative loan loss provisions, inconsistent with the notion prevalent in recent studies that smoothing is associated with lower transparency.
The Water Seller

“Water, water, everywhere, but not a drop to trade.” That, except perhaps for water in containers seems to be the Canadian policy on the matter.
On Haunted Contradictions of Development

In my recent teaching of educational studies courses, I came to an awareness that is the focus of this chapter. I now understand that the most important work I can do in my college teaching is to normalize our unknowable obligations to one another and to link those obligations to a structural critique of social inequality as the basis for interdisciplinary education that informs a life of meaning.
Preparations for a Theory of Interpretation

This paper points to a more viable theory of interpretation on the basis of opposing the missteps in Arthur Danto’s theory. By noting the incongruities in Danto’s theories of art and interpretation, a theory of interpretation emerges which unifies its varieties on the basis of the view of the human person as a culturally embodied and enlanguaged primate. A feature notably absent from Danto’s own account.
EVIDENCE FOR A LACK OF REGULATION OF THE ASSEMBLY AND SECRETION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN B-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEIN FROM HEPG2 CELLS BY CHOLESTERYL ESTER

Although some previous studies have suggested that triglyceride, a major core lipid, plays a key role in the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins from HepG2 cells, other reports have indicated the importance of cholesteryl ester, another core lipid. We attempted to better define the roles of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester in the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins from HepG2 cells by determining the effects of Sandoz 58-035, a potent acyl-CoA acyltransferase inhibitor, which significantly inhibits cholesteryl synthesis, and Triacsin D, a potent fatty acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor, which significantly inhibits triglyceride synthesis, on the secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Sandoz 58-035 (2 micrograms/ml) decreased very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)-stimulated cellular cholesteryl ester content by 60-80%, and blocked oleate-stimulated cholesteryl ester synthesis by 100%, but did not decrease VLDL- or oleate-stimulated apolipoprotein B secretion. Triacsin D (12.5 microM), which significantly inhibited VLDL and oleate stimulation of triglyceride synthesis, without affecting cholesteryl ester synthesis, blocked the stimulation of apolipoprotein B secretion by both agents. In HepG2 cells transfected with 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase cDNA, cholesteryl ester synthesis and mass were increased by 100%, but apolipoprotein B secretion was unaffected. Sandoz 58-035 decreased cholesteryl ester synthesis significantly but did not decrease apolipoprotein B secretion from this cell line. When these transfected cells were incubated with oleate, apolipoprotein B secretion increased; Triacsin D blocked this effect. Finally, sphingomyelinase treatment (which shifts cholesterol from plasma membranes to intracellular pools) increased cholesteryl ester synthesis 4-5-fold, but apolipoprotein B secretion was unaffected. Changes in cellular cholesteryl ester synthesis or mass did not affect the intracellular degradation of newly synthesized apolipoprotein B, but changes in triglyceride synthesis were always associated with corresponding changes in the intracellular degradation of apolipoprotein B. In conclusion, neither long term nor short term changes in cholesteryl ester synthesis or mass regulate the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein from HepG2 cells.
Cryoablation with an 8-mm tip catheter for pediatric atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia is safe and efficacious with a low incidence of recurrence.

Background: Cryoablation with 4- and 6-mm tip ablation catheters has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in the treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) in pediatric patients, albeit with a higher rate of clinical recurrence. Limited information is available regarding efficacy, mid-term outcomes, and complications related to the use of the 8-mm Freezor Max Cryoablation catheter (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) in pediatric patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all pediatric patients with normal cardiac anatomy who underwent an ablation procedure for treatment of AVNRT using the 8-mm tip Cryoablation catheter at three large pediatric academic arrhythmia centers. Results: Cryoablation with an 8-mm tip catheter was performed in 77 patients for treatment of AVNRT (female n = 40 [52%], age 14.8 ± 2.2 years, weight 62.0 ± 13.9 kg). Initial procedural success was achieved in 69 patients (69/76, 91%). Transient second- or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block was noted in five patients (6.5%). There was no permanent AV block. Of the patients successfully ablated with Cryotherapy, there were two recurrences (2/70, 2.8%) over a follow-up of 11.6 ± 3.3 months. Conclusion: Cryoablation with an 8-mm tip ablation catheter is both safe and effective with a low risk of recurrence for the treatment of AVNRT in pediatric patients. (PACE 2010; 33:681–686)
Managing the Balance Sheet with Leases

We document significantly increased reliance on off-balance-sheet (OBS) lease financing that is inconsistent with economic theory. Specifically, the increase is greatest among non-distressed firms characterized by growth options and high R&D but without obvious tax incentives. We explore alternative incentives and find that (1) OBS leasing enables firms to manage debt covenants limiting debt or capital expenditures, (2) excess OBS leasing is diminished by scrutiny of institutional investors, and (3) firms investigated by the SEC or DOJ for financial misrepresentation exhibit high levels of excess OBS leasing. Overall, we conclude that firms use OBS leases to expand their debt capacity while preserving conservative balance sheets.
Mechanical Property Measurements at Low Temperatures

Accurate material mechanical properties data at low temperatures are essential for design of economical, efficient, and safe structures for low temperature operation. Fracture toughness, tensile properties, and fatigue crack growth resistance characterize the mechanical performance of structural materials. Because construction of a sizable welded structure free from geometrical defects is a practical impossibility, adequate material toughness is needed to prevent crack growth and eventual fracture at such defects. Strength and stiffness enable a material to support its applied loads without stretching or buckling. Adequate fatigue crack growth resistance allows a part to continue to perform its function for a lifetime of load cycles. Compromises among toughness, strength, and fatigue resistance are required because no one material is best in all properties and because economy in material costs is necessary.
Speech responses and dual-task performance: better time-sharing or asymmetric transfer?

The value of speech controls in a dual-task experiment that also evaluated asymmetric transfer effects is considered. There was no evidence of asymmetric transfer in spite of significant effects supporting the advantage of mixing manual and speech responses. The data suggest that speech controls can be used to enhance performance in operational multiple-task environments.
Synchronized mammalian cell cultures: III. Variation of ribonucleotide reductase activity during the replication cycle of Chinese hamster fibroblasts☆

Abstract Ribonucleotide reductase activity was studied during the replication cycle of Colcemid synchronized Chinese hamster fibroblasts in culture. Enzyme activity dropped to a minimum value during the G1 phase, returned to the level observed in the metaphase cells as the cells entered the S phase, and continued to increase during the S and G2 phases. Actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and hydroxyurea were added to the cell cultures at the time of lowest activity (1.5 h after synchronization). With over 90 % inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin D, enzyme activity returned by 4.5 h to the level observed in the metaphase cells, but a further increase was not seen. With inhibition of over 90 % of protein synthesis by cycloheximide, enzyme activity did not rise from the low level observed in the G1 phase. The addition of hydroxyurea produced an elevated level of reductase activity which rose during the S-phase to more than twice that of the control. Experiments in which extracts from cultures at different time points were mixed and assayed indicated that an inhibitor was not reponsible for the low levels of activity during the G1 phase.
Directed Current Without Dissipation: Reincarnation of a Maxwell-Loschmidt Demon

We investigate whether for initially localized particles a directed current in rocked periodic structures is possible in absence of a dissipative mechanism. With a pure Hamiltonian dynamics the breaking of Time-Reversal-Invariance presents a necessary condition to find nonzero current values. Numerical studies are presented for the classical Hamiltonian dynamical case. These support the fact that indeed a finite current does occur when a time-reversal symmetry-breaking signal, such as a harmonic mixing signal, is acting. To gain analytical insight we consider the coherent driven quantum transport in a one-dimensional tight-binding lattice. Here, a finite coherent current is absent for initially localized preparations; it emerges, however, when the initial preparation (with zero initial current) possesses finite coherence. The presence of phase fluctuations will eventually kill any finite current, thereby rendering the nondissipative currents a transient phenomenon.
Risk's place in decision rules

To handle epistemic and pragmatic risks, Gardenfors and Sahlin (1982, 1988) design a decision procedure for cases in which probabilities are indeterminate. Their procedure steps outside the traditional expected utility framework. Must it do this? Can the traditional framework handle risk? This paper argues that it can. The key is a comprehensive interpretation of an option's possible outcomes. Taking possible outcomes more broadly than Gardenfors and Sahlin do, expected utility can give risk its due. In particular, Good's (1952) decision procedure adequately handles indeterminate probabilities and the risks they generate.
Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of AIDS

Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of AIDS. Claire E. Sterk Putnam Valley, NY: Social Change Press, 2000. 178 pp.
The Role of the Church in Career Guidance and Development: A Review of the Literature 1960-Early 2000s

In the last ten years, professional and popular literature focused on the relatedness of spirituality and career. The field of career guidance and development is beginning to integrate individuals' religious and spiritual beliefs. Likewise, it seems the Church would be a source of career assistance. This paper reviews professional literature, from 1960–early 2000s, regarding the role of the Church in the United States in career guidance and development. The focus is on vocational themes in relation to the Church, Church involvement in career guidance and development programs, and recommendations for the role of the Church in career guidance and development. The review concludes that over the past 40 years, the professional literature on this topic has declined. The Church has made grassroots efforts at providing career guidance, but only through improved communication of ideas and program results will the Church provide effective career programming on a larger scale.
Online adaptive firewall allocation in internet data center

The emerging applications service providers, such as e-commerce and search engine, are increasingly hosting their services in Internet Data Centers (IDCs). At the same time, IDCs become the target of malicious attacks over the Internet. Firewalls as a crucial infrastructure are chosen to protect IDCs. However, the current static firewall allocation scheme may lead to low resource utilization or poor user level quality of service (QoS), even worse, may reduce system security level. In this paper, we first derive the relationship among the number of firewalls, the number of packet filtering rules in firewall, and the user level QoS. Based on the relationship, we propose an on-line adaptive firewall allocation algorithm that computes the number of firewalls required at different times to meet the given security and user level QoS requirements while achieving resource savings. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated via trace-driven simulation and compared with the static firewall allocation scheme. Example findings include (1) with the same resource (firewall) and the same number of packet filtering rules, the adaptive algorithm provides better QoS by adaptively allocating firewalls according to the dynamic request load; (2) to achieve the same QoS requirement, with the same number of packet filtering rules, the adaptive algorithm requires less resource than the static method; and (3) the average number of firewalls decreases as the expected delay increases. Moreover, we extend our study to explore the impacts of the key algorithm and system parameters (e.g. control time scale and migration time) on the adaptive firewall allocation scheme. We find that both control time scale and migration time have minor impacts on the performance of the proposed adaptive firewall allocation scheme. The proposed scheme can be applied to the next generation IDCs which are physically wired once but can be rewired programmatically.
Serotonin receptor mechanisms mediate the discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine in C57BL/6 mice.

The atypical antipsychotic drug (APD) clozapine (CLZ) has been shown to have a robust discriminative cue in rats, pigeons, and monkeys in two-choice drug discrimination procedures. The present study determined whether a two-choice drug discrimination procedure with CLZ could be established in C57BL/6 mice and whether this procedure could distinguish between atypical and typical APDs. C57BL/6 male mice were trained to discriminate 2.5 mg/kg CLZ from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure. Generalization testing with CLZ produced full substitution at the 2.5- and 5.0-mg/kg doses with an ED50 of 1.14 mg/kg. The atypical APDs olanzapine (ED50=0.24 mg/kg), risperidone (ED50=0.072 mg/kg), and ziprasidone (ED50=0.33 mg/kg) fully substituted for CLZ’s discriminative cue, while the typical APD haloperidol failed to substitute for CLZ. Generalization testing with selective ligands showed that the serotonin (5-HT)2A/2B/2C antagonist ritanserin fully substituted for CLZ (ED50=2.08 mg/kg) and that the 5-HT receptor agonist quipazine significantly attenuated CLZ’s discriminative cue without disrupting response rates. The muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine, the dopamine agonist amphetamine, and the 5-HT agonist quipazine failed to substitute for CLZ. These results demonstrated that antagonism of 5-HT receptors plays an important role in mediating the discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical APD CLZ in C57BL/6 mice. The atypical APDs olanzapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone fully substituted for CLZ, while the typical APD haloperidol did not. These results suggest that CLZ drug discrimination in C57BL/6 mice may be an effective preclinical behavioral assay for screening atypical from typical antipsychotic drugs.
Control education crossing department boundaries

We discuss our experiences in the development of a network of cross-disciplinary laboratories for control systems education at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Control systems are inherently multi-disciplinary and controls courses are typically offered by multiple Departments within a university. This has resulted in duplication of controls laboratories in many cases. At the University of Illinois we have eliminated such duplication by elevating control laboratory instruction from the Department level to the College level with the development of a network of laboratories that are shared by all Departments in the College of Engineering. We describe our laboratory network and how it services the various Departments. We also discuss the advantages, both financial and pedagogical, that such a development offers and argue that our laboratory concept can be duplicated elsewhere and can lead to a fundamental shift in the way control laboratory experience is provided to undergraduates.
Charged rotating BTZ black hole and thermodynamic behavior of field equations at its horizon

Abstract In this Letter, we study different cases of the charged rotating BTZ black hole with reference to their horizons. For the existence of these cases conditions on mass, charge and angular momentum of the black hole are obtained. It is also shown that the Einstein field equations for the charged rotating BTZ black hole at the horizon can be expressed as first law of thermodynamics, d E = T d S + Ω d J + Φ d q + P r d A .
Incorporating solvation effects into density functional theory: Calculation of absolute acidities

An approach to the calculation of molecular electronic structures, solvation energies, and pKa values in condensed phases is described. The electronic structure of the solute is described by density functional quantum mechanics, and electrostatic features of environmental effects are modeled through external charge distributions and continuum dielectrics. The reaction potential produced by a mode of the molecular charge distribution is computed via finite-difference solutions to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and incorporated into the self-consistent field procedure. Here we report results on three sets of organic acids, whose pKa values range over 16 pH units. The first set provides models for ionizable side chains in proteins; the second set considers the effects of substituting one to three chlorine atoms for hydrogens in acetic acid; and the final set consists of 4-substituted-bicyclo-[2.2.2]-octanecarboxylic acids. Successful prediction of “absolute” pKa values places stringent requirements on the computation of gas-phase proton affinities and on the response to solvation. In some cases the current model shows substantial errors, but overall the results and trends are in good agreement with experiment. Prospects for extending this approach to more complex systems such as proteins are briefly discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical computing at du Pont: first anniversary

A year''s worth of developmental accomplishment in optical computing hardware materials and interconnection array configurations is evaluated. Attention is given to an optically interconnected 3D computer architecture, the features of programmable and reconfigurable interconnections, and the accomplishment of interconnect reconfiguration via the photorefractive effect and optical disks. Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate material has been used due to its comparative developmental maturity, producibility, and dynamic range.
Control of Lay on Cobalt Chromium Alloy Finished Surfaces Using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing and Its Effect on Wettability

Freeform surfaces, including the femoral components of knee prosthetics, present a significant challenge in manufacturing. The finishing process is often performed manually, which leads to surface finish variations. In the case of knee prosthetics, this can be a factor leading to accelerated wear of the polyethylene tibial component. The wear resistance of polyethylene components might be influenced by not only the roughness but also the lay of femoral component surfaces. This study applies magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) for nanometer-scale finishing of cobalt chromium alloys, which are commonly used in knee prosthetics and other freeform components. Using flat disks as workpieces, this paper shows the dominant parameters for controlling the lay in MAF and demonstrates the feasibility of MAF to alter the lay while controlling the surface roughness. The manually finished disk surfaces (with roughness around 3nm Sa), consisting of random cutting marks, were compared to MAF-produced surfaces (also with roughness around 3nm Sa) with different lays. Tests using deionized water droplets show that the lay influences the wetting properties even if the surface roughness changes by no more than a nanometer. Surfaces with unidirectional cutting marks exhibit the least wettability, and increasing the cross-hatch angle in the MAF-produced surfaces increases the wettability. Surfaces consisting of short, intermittent cutting marks were the most wettable by deionized water. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026935]
Nuclear Fragment Mass Yields from High-Energy Proton-Nucleus Interactions

Isotopically resolved nuclear fragments (${A}_{f}, {Z}_{f}$), $3l~{Z}_{f}l~14$, produced by protons in the energy range $80l~{E}_{\mathrm{inc}}l~350$ GeV incident on krypton and xenon targets have been studied at the Internal Target Laboratory of the Fermi National Accelerator. A power-law dependence, isobaric yield $\ensuremath{\propto}{{A}_{f}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\tau}}$, was found to describe the data over a broad range of yields. The particular value of $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is a signature for the fragment formation mechanism.
The effects of insulin and anoxia on the metabolism of isolated mature rat cardiac myocytes.

Abstract Cardiac myocytes from adult rat ventricles were isolated by perfusion and incubation with buffer containing collagenase and hyaluronidase. This method gave a high yield of viable cells with normal morphology and metabolic properties. The isolated cells can tolerate 2.5 m m extracellular calcium and have physiologic levels of ATP (20 μmol/g protein). The cells metabolized glucose at a linear rate up to 4 h. Glucose utilization was stimulated by insulin and anoxia. Protein synthesis was maintained at a steady rate for 3 h and was significantly stimulated by insulin. A reasonably constant rate of protein degradation was observed for 3 h. Insulin significantly inhibited the rate of protein degradation.
Cognitive and Organizational Aspects of Medical Diagnostic Reasoning.

This paper addresses the use of oral and written communication in an area where the investigator's expertise often is exceeded by the knowledge base of informants. The education of medical “house staff (fourth year medical students, interns, residents and training fellows) in a teaching hospital provides an opportunity to study the contribution of patient‐physician communication to medical diagnostic reasoning. The training of house staff occurs within an organizational framework in which hierarchical relationships become the basis for deciding when and which medical personnel are likely to see a patient, as well as the kinds of oral and written accounts that will be produced on each patient.
Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7002 Transcriptome: Acclimation to Temperature, Salinity, Oxidative Stress, and Mixotrophic Growth Conditions.

Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 is a unicellular, euryhaline cyanobacterium. It is a model organism for studies of cyanobacterial metabolism and has great potential for biotechnological applications. It exhibits an exceptional tolerance of high light irradiation and shows very rapid growth. The habitats from which this and closely related strains were isolated are subject to changes in several environmental factors, including light, nutrient supply, temperature, and salinity. In this study global transcriptome profiling via RNAseq has been used to perform a comparative and integrated study of global changes in cells grown at different temperatures, at different salinities and under mixotrophic conditions, when a metabolizable organic carbon source was present. Furthermore, the transcriptomes were investigated for cells that were subjected to a heat shock and that were exposed to oxidative stress. Lower growth temperatures caused relatively minor changes of the transcriptome; the most prominent changes affected fatty acid desaturases. A heat shock caused severe changes of the transcriptome pattern; transcripts for genes associated with major metabolic pathways declined and those for different chaperones increased dramatically. Oxidative stress, however, left the transcript pattern almost unaffected. When grown at high salinity, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 had increased expression of genes involved in compatible solute biosynthesis and showed increased mRNA levels for several genes involved in electron transport. Transcripts of two adjacent genes dramatically increased upon growth at high salinity; the respective proteins are putatively involved in coping with oxidative stress and in triggering ion channels. Only minor changes were observed when cells were grown at low salinity or when the growth medium was supplemented with glycerol. However, the transcriptome data suggest that cells must acclimate to excess reducing equivalents when a reduced C-source is present.
Hif-1α regulates differentiation of limb bud mesenchyme and joint development

Recent evidence suggests that low oxygen tension (hypoxia) may control fetal development and differentiation. A crucial mediator of the adaptive response of cells to hypoxia is the transcription factor Hif-1α. In this study, we provide evidence that mesenchymal condensations that give origin to endochondral bones are hypoxic during fetal development, and we demonstrate that Hif-1α is expressed and transcriptionally active in limb bud mesenchyme and in mesenchymal condensations. To investigate the role of Hif-1α in mesenchymal condensations and in early chondrogenesis, we conditionally inactivated Hif-1α in limb bud mesenchyme using a Prx1 promoter-driven Cre transgenic mouse. Conditional knockout of Hif-1α in limb bud mesenchyme does not impair mesenchyme condensation, but alters the formation of the cartilaginous primordia. Late hypertrophic differentiation is also affected as a result of the delay in early chondrogenesis. In addition, mutant mice show a striking impairment of joint development. Our study demonstrates a crucial, and previously unrecognized, role of Hif-1α in early chondrogenesis and joint formation.
Genetically Engineered Pigs as a Source for Clinical Red Blood Cell Transfusion

The transfusion of animal blood or red blood cells (RBCs) into humans goes back to 1667, and the practice persisted until the early 1900s. In recent years, in part because of the shortage of acceptable and safe human blood worldwide, there has been renewed interest in the possibility of using genetically-engineered pigs as sources of RBCs for clinical transfusion. Pigs are becoming available in which the cells, tissues, and organs are to some extent protected from the human immune response. This extends significant protection from antibody-mediated complement lysis. Transfusion of these RBCs into nonhuman primates, however, indicates that they are rapidly lost from the circulation, almost certainly through the phagocytic activity of macrophages. Further genetic manipulation may resolve this problem. In view of the potential advantages of pig RBCs with regard to the absence of infectious microorganisms and the rapid progress being made in genetically modifying pigs, pig RBCs may eventually become a feasible source of blood for clinical transfusion.
Tangled localization at the cortical division site of plant cells occurs by several mechanisms

TANGLED (TAN) is the founding member of a family of plant-specific proteins required for correct orientation of the division plane. Arabidopsis thaliana TAN is localized before prophase until the end of cytokinesis at the cortical division site (CDS), where it appears to help guide the cytokinetic apparatus towards the cortex. We show that TAN is actively recruited to the CDS by distinct mechanisms before and after preprophase band (PPB) disassembly. Colocalization with the PPB is mediated by one region of TAN, whereas another region mediates its recruitment to the CDS during cytokinesis. This second region binds directly to POK1, a kinesin that is required for TAN localization. Although this region of TAN is recruited to the CDS during cytokinesis without first colocalizing with the PPB, pharmacological evidence indicates that the PPB is nevertheless required for both early and late localization of TAN at the CDS. Finally, we show that phosphatase activity is required for maintenance of early but not late TAN localization at the CDS. We propose a new model in which TAN is actively recruited to the CDS by several mechanisms, indicating that the CDS is dynamically modified from prophase through to the completion of cytokinesis.
Satellite Broadband Enters the Mass Market: Now Everything is Different

In the mid 1980s, the satellite industry segment providing two-way data communication settled into a market niche as the communication service of last resort, primarily serving customers that could not be served any other way. Examples of markets that have been viewed as ideal for satellite are maritime shipping, resource extraction, and the military. Because the market has been defined as one without alternatives, the pressure for technology advancement has been low, and for nearly a quarter century, satellite technology has generally moved at a leisurely pace compared to other communication fields. The advent of High Capacity Satellites (HCS) has disrupted this paradigm. Data recently released by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) shows that well-designed broadband access provided on high capacity satellites can outperform the majority of terrestrial consumer broadband offerings. This development vaults satellite into an ultra-competitive world in which capacity cost must drop at a precipitous annual rate, terminal designs must achieve mass market price points, and design cycles must shrink to periods of a few years rather than decades. As a result, the availability of inexpensive satellite capacity and low cost terminals that outperform more costly niche market satellite offerings by orders of magnitude will become widespread. One result of this will be that many satellite applications that currently seem disconnected from the mass market will be absorbed into the commercial mainstream.
Damage localization accuracy as a function of model uncertainty in the I-40 bridge over the Rio Grande

The impact of model uncertainty on the damage localization accuracy of a nondestructive damage detection technique when applied to a full-scale plate-girder bridge is assessed. First, a nondestructive damage detection algorithm to localize damage from a few mode shapes of structures is outlined. Next, damage localization exercises are performed for a real highway bridge (on the US Highway I-40) located in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, USA. Finally, the accuracy of damage localization results for the test structure is assessed as a function of the model uncertainty of the damage localization procedure for the structure.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sequences of high-order dark photorefractive spatial solitons and soliton-induced waveguides formed in bulk SBN

Steady-state dark photorefractive spatial screening solitons are observed in an odd- or even-number sequence when a laser beam containing a dark stripe generated from a phase or amplitude discontinuity in the center of the beam is launched into a biased bulk strontium barium niobate (SBN) crystal. If the initial width of the dark stripe is small, only a fundamental soliton or a Y-junction soliton is generated, corresponding to the lowest order in the odd- or even-number soliton sequence. As the initial width and the bias field are increased, we observe a progressive transition from a lower-order soliton to a sequence of higher-order solitons. We show that these dark solitons induce stable waveguides which can guide an intense beam of a different wavelength into multiple channels.
Mean field theories of sublattice melting in ionic crystals

A number of materials with essentially ionic binding exhibit a transition in the solid state to a high conductivity state which has been identified with positional disorder of one of the ionic species. In this paper the contrasting roles of the disorder dependence of energy and entropy in determining the nature of the transition are examined within the mean field approximation at high point defect concentration. A generalization of the Mott-Littleton defect theory is used to illustrate the role of various physical characteristics such as polarizability, elastic properties, etc., and two types of phenomenological description of the transition are discussed.