cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distinctive exchange bias and unusual memory effects in magnetically compensated Pr0.75Gd0.25ScGe

Tuning the chemistry of materials often leads to discoveries of interesting phenomena that expand basic science and support practical applications. Here we show how different spin–orbit coupling in light and heavy lanthanides can be exploited to create complex magnetic ground states and thereby unusual spontaneous exchange bias (SEB), conventional exchange bias (CEB), and magnetic memory effects in almost ideally magnetically compensated Pr0.75Gd0.25ScGe, which is a representative of the PrScGe–GdScGe solid solution. We report the synthesis and detailed characterization of Pr0.75Gd0.25ScGe by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetization measurements in magnetic fields up to 140 kOe. Partial substitution of a light lanthanide, Pr, with a heavy lanthanide, Gd, results in a complex magnetic ground state, which includes large spontaneous and conventional exchange biases reaching magnitudes of ∼1.7 kOe and ∼3.5 kOe, respectively, at T = 2 K, as well as shape dependent magnetic compensation and bias phenomena occurring in small external fields.
Targeted disruption of the histone lysine 79 methyltransferase Dot1L in nephron progenitors causes congenital renal dysplasia.

The epigenetic regulator Dot1, the only known histone H3K79 methyltransferase, has a conserved role in organismal development and homoeostasis. In yeast, Dot1 is required for telomeric silencing an...
The Role of Dynamic Wetting Behavior during Bubble Growth and Departure from a Solid Surface

ABSTRACT Surface wettability is known to have a major influence on the ebullition characteristics of a bubble growing from a solid surface. Yet, simplistic static characterization of the wetting behavior is still relied upon to indicate performance characteristics during boiling. In this study, a theoretical framework is developed for the wetting and dewetting processes occurring during bubble growth based upon the dynamic contact angles. This framework is incorporated into adiabatic volume-of-fluid simulations to capture the influence of the surface wettability on contact line and contact angle dynamics during bubble growth and departure. The simulations span a large range of dynamic wetting behaviors and fluid properties. The receding contact angle is shown to govern the early stages of bubble growth as the contact line recedes outward from the bubble center and is the dominant wetting characteristic that determines the maximum contact diameter and departure size. The advancing contact angle dictates the departure morphology as the contact line retracts inward and has a secondary role in determining the departure size. Following, improved reduced-order models are developed that establish fluid-property-independent correlations for the maximum contact diameter and departure diameter as a function of the dynamic contact angles. The results call for the need to redefine wettability classifications based on dynamic contact angles rather than static contact angle in the context of boiling. Hygrophilicity and hygrophobicity are redefined in this context, and an additional classification, ambiphilicity, is introduced for boiling surfaces exhibiting low receding contact angles and high advancing contact angles.
To Cath or Not to Cath: Pediatric Lung Transplant Candidates without a Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether performing cardiac catheterization (cath) in pediatric lung transplantation (LTx) candidates without a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) impacts listing outcomes. Methods The UNOS Registry was queried to identify patients (0-18yo) without a diagnosis of PHTN who were listed for LTx from 2000-2019. Patients were divided into those who underwent cath during waitlist (Cath) and those who did not (No Cath). Negative listing outcome was defined as death on waitlist or removal from waitlist due to deterioration of condition. All other outcomes were considered positive. Results 1,732 pediatric LTx candidates without a diagnosis of PHTN were identified. These patients were divided into Cath (n=431) and No Cath (n=1,301). Cath patients most common diagnosis was cystic fibrosis (n=163; 38%), were younger (p 6 (p=0.05) and the No Cath groups (p=0.04). PVR>6 patients had similar listing outcomes to No Cath patients (p=0.36). In CF patients who reached a waitlist outcome within one year, positive listing outcomes at one year was 88% for the PVR≤6 group compared to 67% in the PVR>6 (p=0.05). Conclusion Pediatric LTx candidates without a diagnosis of PHTN who either did not undergo cath or had a PVR >6 had inferior waitlist outcomes compared to those with a PVR≤6. However, 75% of candidates were not catheterized, so right heart catheterization should strongly be considered for pediatric lung transplant recipients in order to better manage waitlist prioritization and improve overall listing outcomes.
Deploying NetScreen Firewalls

This chapter discusses the basics of deploying a NetScreen firewall. The purpose is to get familiar with the initial configuration of the NetScreen firewall. It is important to understand how to manage it before one begins using the firewall. The chapter begins by explaining the various methods of managing the NetScreen firewall. Each option and best-known procedure is discussed. There are two core types of remote management, the WebUI and the CLI. If one is using the serial console, Telnet, or secure shell, one is using the CLI. It is important to be proficient in both management tools. The WebUI is initially easier to use. The chapter also mentions a third type of management called the NetScreen-Security Manager. This chapter also discusses configuring the NetScreen firewall to run on the network. Zones are a core part of the NetScreen security infrastructure. The security zone is the most commonly used zone. It is used on every interface and in every policy. Each interface must be bound to a zone. The chapter also explores the various types of interfaces that the firewall supports. The physical interface is used on each type of NetScreen device to interact with the network. The firewall can operate in two modes, layer three and layer two. The layer three configuration of the device is taken into consideration in this chapter.
Modal Mapping Techniques for Geoacoustic Inversion and Source Localization in Laterally Varying, Shallow-Water Environments

Abstract : The long-term goal of this research is to increase our understanding of shallow water acoustic propagation and its relationship to the three-dimensionally varying geoacoustic properties of the seabed.
An ultrasonographic scoring method for transabdominal monitoring of ascarid burdens in foals.

Summary Reasons for performing study Parascaris spp. infections can lead to life-threatening small intestinal impactions in foals. Currently available diagnostic techniques cannot estimate the magnitude of an ascarid burden, and hence identify foals potentially at risk of developing impactions. Objectives To describe and evaluate an ultrasonographic transabdominal scoring technique for monitoring of ascarid burdens in foals and to perform a cost-benefit analysis of the application of this technique. Study design A transabdominal ultrasonographic technique was validated against ascarid worm counts from 10 foals aged 162–294 days. In a treatment trial, 15 foals were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups: ivermectin, oxibendazole and no treatment. Blinded ultrasound examinations were performed daily for 5 consecutive days following treatment. Foals were examined ultrasonographically twice by the same investigator, and by different investigators for intra- and interobserver agreement evaluation. Cost-benefit analyses identified threshold values for the probability of ascarid impactions above which the screening method becomes cost-effective. Methods The ultrasound technique used 3 locations along the ventral midline. An ascarid scoring system was established that assessed the magnitude of ascarid burden ranging from 1–4. The method was validated against worm burdens of 10 worms and above with calculation of diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values. Treatment trial data were evaluated statistically using mixed model analysis. Kappa values were generated for intra- and interobserver agreement. Results Two consecutive examinations were found to detect worm burdens >10 ascarids reliably. Ascarid scores declined in response to both anthelmintic treatments, although differences were not statistically significant. Kappa values indicated fair to moderate intra- and interobserver agreements. The majority of cost-benefit analyses indicated that ultrasound examinations are cost effective when the probability of ascarid impactions is above a range of 0.0001–0.0082 (i.e. 1 in 10,000 to 8 in 1000 foals). Conclusions The ultrasonographic screening techniques can be a useful tool for monitoring ascarid burdens in foals.
Primate Origins Nailed

Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of euprimates (primates of modern aspect, including living primates). In his Perspective, [Sargis][1] highlights the report by [Bloch and Boyer][2], who have discovered a fossil that allows these hypotheses to be tested. The 56-million-year-old skeleton of Carpolestes simpsoni , an early primate, has an opposable big toe with a nail rather than a claw, but lacks euprimate visual specializations (such as forward-facing eyes and orbits) and was not adapted for leaping. It seems, therefore, that grasping evolved in primates before visual specializations and leaping. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5598/1564 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5598/1606
The proportional mean decomposition: A bridge between the Gaussian and bernoulli ensembles

We consider ill-posed linear inverse problems involving the estimation of structured sparse signals. When the sensing matrix has i.i.d. standard normal entries, there is a full-fledged theory on the sample complexity and robustness properties. In this work, we propose a way of making use of this theory to get good bounds for the i.i.d. Bernoulli ensemble. We first provide a deterministic relation between the two ensembles that relates the restricted singular values. Then, we show how one can get non-asymptotic results with small constants for the Bernoulli ensemble. While our discussion focuses on Bernoulli measurements, the main idea can be extended to any discrete distribution with little difficulty.
Profiting in (RED): The Need for Enhanced Transparency in Cause-Related Marketing

As a case study of the privatization of development assistance, this paper examines the financing and public disclosure mechanisms underlying Product (RED), a marketing campaign designed to raise funds for the Global Fund to fight AIDS in Africa. The paper argues that many cause-related marketing programs operate in a non-transparent fashion that puts both consumer protection and consumer trust in philanthropy at risk. It suggests that charities regulation offers some useful tools for ensuring greater levels of transparency and accountability among programs like (RED). Specifically, the piece recommends that entities that cross the line from commerce into philanthropy should be subject to the same (or similar) regulations as are applicable to actors more commonly recognized as operating in the charities arena, such as professional fundraisers or commercial co-venturers.
Comparison of Psilocybe cubensis spore and mycelium allergens.

Abstract Background: Basidiospores are an important cause of respiratory allergy in mold-sensitive atopic subjects. Collection of the large amounts of spores required for extract preparation is tedious and difficult. A desirable alternative could be mycelium grown in vitro if it is allergenically similar to spores. Methods: Therefore this study compared the allergen contents of Psilocybe cubensis spore and mycelium extracts by different techniques with the use of pooled sera from subjects who had skin test and RAST results that were positive to P. cubensis spores. Results: Isoelectric focusing immunoprints revealed six common IgE-binding bands at isoelectric points 4.7, 5.0, 5.5, 5.6, 8.7, and 9.3. Two additional bands at isoelectric points 3.9 and 5.7 were detected only in the spore extract. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblots exhibited six common IgE-binding bands at 16, 35, 487, 52, 62, and 76 kd, 20 and 40 kd bands were present only in the spore extract. Although RAST and isoelectric focusing inhibition demonstrated that P. cubensis spore and mycelium extracts share many allergens, spores were allergenically more potent than mycelium. Conclusion: The results indicate that mycelium is a useful source of P. cubensis allergen, even though several spore allergens were not detected in mycelium.
Transformation of Tetrahymena thermophila with hypermethylated rRNA genes.

The extrachromosomal rRNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila contain 0.4% N/sup 6/-methyladenine. C3 strain rDNA was isolated, hypermethylated in vitro, and microinjected into B strain host cells. Clonal cell lines were established, and transformants were selected on the basis of resistance to paromomycin, conferred by the injected rDNA. The effects of methylation by three enzymes which methylate the sequence 5'-NAT-3'', the dam, EcoRI, and ClaI methylases, were tested. Hypermethylation of the injected rDNA had no effect on transformation efficiency relative to mock-methylated controls. The injected C3 strain rDNA efficiently replaced host rDNA as the major constituent of the population of rDNA molecules. Hypermethylation of the injected DNA was not maintained through 20 to 25 cell generations.
Computerization needs assessment

The process of assessing needs for a computer application in a hospital pharmacy is described. The variables discussed for which data are needed include hospital-specific characteristics, personnel, data storage, data retrieval, data transmission interfaces, and hardware. By determining these needs, the buyer will be able to know the functions that are necessary and the vendors' abilities to meet the buyer's needs.
Plasma Synthesis of Hydrocarbon/Fluorocarbon Thin Films with Compositional Gradients

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is used to synthesize hydrocarbon/fluorocarbon thin films with compositional gradients by continuously changing the ratio of gases in a C3F8/H2 plasma. The films are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy. Using these methods, along with gas-phase diagnostics, film chemistry and the underlying deposition mechanisms are elucidated, leading to a model that accurately predicts film thickness.
Leadership and Overload Stress Orientations of German and Russian Working Adults: Does Government Work Experience Make a Difference?

This paper examines task, relationship, and overload stress orientations of people in the high-context cultures of Russia and in the low-context cultures of Germany based on their government work experience. A Two-way ANOVA methodology is used for hypotheses testing in this research. As a result of the comparative, cross-national analysis of 462 responses, some significant differences were found between the two samples. Russians have higher scores on task and relationship orientations than German respondents. There is a marginally significant difference in the task scores between respondents who have government experience and those who do not. Respondents who have government experience are more task-oriented and experience more stress than those who do not have government experience. Finding reveals significant interaction between government experience and country in the task scores. Literature on German and Russian cultures is presented along with practical applications, suggestions, and implications for future studies.
Health care innovations for homeless families: Emerging opportunities under Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act

Prior to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (the ACA), the US health care system left many low-income families facing limited access to medical care, struggling with high-health costs, or lacking health insurance altogether. The ACA aims to increase access to care, improve the quality of care, and lower total health care costs. While the ACA can benefit all individuals and families, it has significant potential for expanding and improving services for those experiencing homelessness. This paper describes specific opportunities under the ACA and Medicaid that can be used to strengthen services for homeless families and provides examples of efforts under way. It also offers guidance for how homeless service agencies can effect change in their respective states. The examples described here are promising approaches to strengthening homeless services. Pursuing these ideas for homeless families will require initiative, creativity, and perseverance, but recent progress is encouraging.
What Is the Best Biochemical Test to Diagnose Acute Pancreatitis? A Prospective Clinical Study

Objective To determine which biochemical test is best to distinguish acute pancreatitis from other pancreatic and nonpancreatic diseases associated with hyperamylasemia. Design We conducted a prospective clinical study of 836 consecutive patients who had a total serum amylase test requested by a physician during a 7-month period. Material and Methods Radioimmunoassay and enzymatic activity methods were used to measure pancreas-specific proteins of varied size, charge, and stability. In addition, scoring systems were used for the diagnosis of pancreatitis, and statistical analyses were done to determine sensitivity and specificity. Results We found minor differences in sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis among pancreatic isoamylase, phospholipase A 2 , co- lipase, lipase, and carboxylester lipase. Of these tests, the combination of isoamylase and phospholipase A 2 had a small but statistically significant increased sensitivity (90%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 74 to 98%) and specificity (93%; 95% CI=91 to 95%) over isoamylase (90% and 92%, respectively; 95% CI=90 to 94%) and phospholipase A 2 (90% and 75%, respectively; 95% CI=72 to 78%) alone for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Conclusion Pancreas-specific proteins are satisfactory for diagnosing acute pancreatitis if the test is validated by the laboratory. Clinically, the slight advantage of using both isoamylase and phospholipase A 2 does not outweigh the expense of performing two assays; we recommend using isoamylase to diagnose acute pancreatitis.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid as a second malignant neoplasm in children

Second malignant neoplasms (SMN) in children who have survived their initial encounter with a malignancy have emerged as one of the most troublesome complications in pediatric oncology. Some estimates indicate that as many as 8% to 12% of patients will develop a SMN during a 20-year period. The majority of SMN are osteosarcomas, spindle cell and pleomorphic sarcomas of soft tissues, and hematolymphoid malignancies. We present the clinical and pathologic findings for two children with treated acute leukemias in whom well-differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the parotid gland developed 6 and 9 years after multidrug chemotherapy and cranial irradiation. Although mucoepidermoid carcinoma has been reported as a complication in adults who received low-dose irradiation as children, these two cases are unique as SMN in the pediatric age population.
Multiple crossovers in interacting quantum wires

We study tunneling of electrons into and between interacting wires in the spin-incoherent regime subject to a magnetic field. The tunneling currents follow power laws of the applied voltage with exponents that depend on whether the electron spins at the relevant length scales are polarized or disordered. The crossover length (or energy) scale is exponential in the applied field. In a finite size wire multiple crossovers can occur.
Comparison of sieving matrices for on-the-fly fluorescence lifetime detection of dye-labeled DNA fragments

Commercially available, replaceable sieving matrices and their solvent modulated forms were evaluated for use in on-the-fly fluorescence lifetime detection of dye-labeled DNA fragments in capillary electrophoresis. The fragments were labeled with dyes that can be excited by the 488 nm line of an argon ion laser and have lifetimes in the range of 0.8 ns to 3.8 ns. The sieving matrices and buffer systems included poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) and Tris-TAPS-EDTA buffers modified with DMSO and formamide. Selection of the optimal sieving matrix is based on the separation efficiency and the enhancement of lifetime resolution of DNA fragments. Best results for both electrophoretic resolution and lifetime detection were obtained using a poly(ethyleneoxide)/TBE gel buffer in the presence of 10% formamide.
Eighteen ninety-three and all that

This year's commemorative cornucopia includes sunspots, the cotton gin and some stimulating acronyms. And a new award, 'the year of the anniversary', is introduced.
Goal Directed Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitoring Versus Conventional Management in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Analysis of In Hospital Recovery

Background Brain tissue oxygen monitoring (pBtO2) has been advocated in the treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI); however, controversy exists regarding the improvements that pBtO2 monitoring provides. The objective of our study was to evaluate our experience and effect on mortality with goal directed pBtO2 monitoring for severe TBI compared to traditional ICP/CPP monitoring.
Simulation of phase equilibria for chain molecules

Abstract Molecular simulations of phase equilibria are often carried out in the Gibbs ensemble. Such simulations comprise two simulation boxes and require a transfer of volume and particles between them. Generally, trial moves are proposed at random from a uniform distribution. In this work, we propose a hybrid configurational bias method where trial moves, including particle transfers, are proposed by resorting to molecular-dynamics techniques. Suitable acceptance/rejection criteria are subsequently applied to ensure appropriate sampling of the relevant statistical-mechanical ensembles. The usefulness of the method is illustrated by presenting results of phase equilibrium simulations for systems of long chain molecules.
Road Construction: Materials and Methods

This paper describes results from an investigation conducted to assess potential toxicity of common construction and maintenance materials used in road construction. A list of construction and maintenance materials was selected for this study based on their wide use and information extracted from their material safety datasheets. A toxicity-based approach was used as an effective way of screening the toxicity of selected materials. Toxicity tests using algae and Daphnia were conducted to determine the level of toxicity in water elutriates prepared from the selected materials that emulate stormwater runoff. Many of the tested construction materials proved to be toxic to the test organisms. Heavy metals such as aluminum, arsenic, lead, mercury, and some hydrocarbon compounds present in test elutriates appeared to be major causes of toxicity. However, measured toxicity was greatly reduced or eliminated when elutriates were allowed to be in contact with selected soils. Under actual field conditions, mechanisms other than soil sorption, such as volatilization, photolysis, and biodegradation, are believed to further reduce the toxicity of stormwater runoff.
WHY MORAL JUDGMENTS CAN BE OBJECTIVE

Are we able to make objective moral judgments? This perennial philosophical topic needs often to be revisited because it is central to human life. Judging how people conduct themselves, the institutions they devise, whether, in short, they are doing what's right or what's wrong, is ubiquitous. In this essay I defend the objectivity of ethical judgments by deploying a neo-Aristotelian naturalism by which to keep the “is-ought” gap at bay and place morality on an objective footing. I do this with the aid of the ideas of Ayn Rand as well as, but only by implication and association, those of Martha Nussbaum and Philippa Foot.
Some consequences of palinspastic reconstruction in the southern Appalachians

Palinspastic reconstructions of Alleghanian compressive structures in the Valley and Ridge place severe constraints on acceptable models of crustal structure in the southern Appalachians. These reconstructions, in conjunction with available deep seismic reflection data, imply that the Carolina slate belt arc was transported westward relative to North American cratonal basement by at least 120 km during the late Paleozoic. At present, it is not possible to determine unequivocally whether this juxtaposition took place along subhorizontal intracrustal detachments or whether it was the result of the steepening of a pre-existing detachment surface to produce a high-angle lithosphere-penetrating boundary.
Genetic Growth Constants in Domestic Fowl

Abstract IT HAS been pointed out by Ludwig (1929) that most of the equations purporting to represent growth can be reduced to four types. With k standing for a constant, t for time, w for body weight, At for time at completion of growth and Aw for final weight, these four types can be expressed as follows: 1 I . φ = k ( A t − t ) , when rate of growth is considered proportional to the time remaining for completion of growth; 2 II . φ = k ( A w − w ) , when rate of growth is proportional to the weight to be gained; 3 III . φ = k t ,
Non-hydraulic processing of cements

Abstract Portland cement reacts with poly(acrylic acid) using dry acetone as a non-aqueous transport medium, as evidenced by ir spectroscopy. Phenomenologically, the reaction proceeds through the solvation and syneresis of poly(acrylic acid) with aceton. When appropriate mixtures were sheared by similar processes to that of MDF cement, the solidified cements showed flexural strength up to 75 MPa, which is comparable to MDF Portland cement made through hydraulic processes.
Diminished bactericidal capacity for group B Streptococcus in neutrophils from stressed and healthy neonates

This study compared the bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from neonates and adults for type Ic group B Streptococcus (GBS), and examined the effect of severe stress on the bactericidal capacity of PMNs from newborn infants. PMNs were obtained from three study groups: 26 adults, 13 healthy neonates (cord blood), and 29 stressed neonates. Stress was defined as an acute respiratory illness or bacterial infection requiring assisted ventilation. Bacterial killing was assessed using a fluorochrome microassay and PMNs adherent to glass coverslips. PMNs from stressed infants killed significantly fewer GBS than PMNs from adults (P less than 0.001 at both time points). PMNs from healthy infants also demonstrated reduced killing compared with adults (P less than 0.01 at 60 min; P less than 0.001 at 90 min). There was no significant difference in bacterial killing between stressed and healthy neonates and no correlation between bactericidal capacity and age at time of study, gestational age, birth weight, peripheral leukocyte count, or Apgar scores. Therefore, the bactericidal capacity for GBS by PMNs from neonates is diminished; however, it is not further compromised by stress.
Chronic ‘cough hypersensitivity syndrome’: A more precise label for chronic cough

Chronic cough remains a challenge to many clinicians because there is often no diagnostic link to causation, and because indirect antitussives are largely ineffective. Chronic cough can also be a predominant symptom associated with many chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Chronic cough itself does impair the quality of life and is associated with psychological impairment. The symptoms associated with chronic cough include persistent tickling or irritating sensation in the chest or throat, hoarse voice, dysphonia or vocal cord dysfunction. Currently, the clinical diagnosis of cough is associated with chronic cough caused by airway eosinophilic conditions such as asthma, gastrooesophageal reflux disease or post-nasal drip (or upper airway syndrome), which implies cause and effect, or with chronic cough associated with other diseases such as COPD, cancer or heart failure, that does not necessarily imply cause and effect. A recently-recognised category is idiopathic cough, with no associated or causative diagnosis. We suggest that there is a better label needed for chronic cough, that includes the common association with a hypersensitive cough response to tussive stimuli such as capsaicin or citric acid. This would invoke a hypersensitive syndrome, and there are good reasons to use a new label that would encompass the problem of chronic cough: the chronic 'cough hypersensitivity syndrome'. This would focus the problem on the cough symptomatology and lead to greater focus on understanding the mechanisms of cough sensitisation, with the ultimate aim of obtaining more effective antitussives.
Psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction five years after open-heart surgery

I N a double-blind, prospective study we investigated the 5-year follow-up psychiatric outcome of 100 patients consecutively scheduled for coronary bypass and cardiac valvular surgery. Psychiatric interviews and cognitive psychological tests were given preoperatively, postoperatively, and at lm reported a relationship between preoperative cognitive dysfunction and inhospital postoperative death.
Dynamics of Phase Separation in Lipid Membranes

We present a continuum method to simulate the large-scale dynamics of multicomponent model membranes, as observed in various recent fluorescence microscopy experiments. Our model includes both thermal fluctuations and the quasi-two-dimensional hydrodynamics appropriate to a membrane immersed in an outside fluid, which are crucially important for the simulation of membrane domain flickering. Using this coarse-grained scheme allows us to simulate length scales up to tens of microns, and time scales of seconds. We apply our model to phase separation, domain fluctuations, and diffusion of domains in lipid systems, and show agreement between our simulations, experiments, and theories for known limiting cases.
Dynamic Shape Synthesis in Posterior Inferotemporal Cortex

How does the brain synthesize low-level neural signals for simple shape parts into coherent representations of complete objects? Here, we present evidence for a dynamic process of object part integration in macaque posterior inferotemporal cortex (IT). Immediately after stimulus onset, neural responses carried information about individual object parts (simple contour fragments) only. Subsequently, information about specific multipart configurations emerged, building gradually over the course of ∼60 ms, producing a sparser and more explicit representation of object shape. We show that this gradual transformation can be explained by a recurrent network process that effectively compares parts signals across neurons to generate inferences about multipart shape configurations.
6982 Effects of intraductal instillation of an nfkb inhibitor, gliotoxin, on ercp induced pancreatitis in a dog model.

Acute pancreatitis is a relatively common and potentially serious complication of ERCP and related interventions. However, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood and attempts at prevention have met with partial success at best. As in other inflammatory states, the transcription factor NF Kappa B (NFkB) is thought to play a key role in the sequence of events leading to the development of pancreatitis. We hypothesized that blocking NFkB activation by intraductal instillation of a potent inhibitor, gliotoxin, may prevent the development of ERCP related pancreatitis. Methods: We studied the effect of intraductal instillation of gliotoxin in a dog model of ECRP induced pancreatitis. In an ongoing study, 6 dogs were randomized in a blinded fashion to receive either placebo or gliotoxin (0.1 mg/kg) intraductally. Pancreatitis was induced by a combination of forceful retrograde injection of contrast material and sphincterotomy as previously described. 24 hours later, dogs were sacrificed, and their pancreata were harvested and graded for histopathological changes of pancreatitis. Results: All dogs survived the experiments for 24 hours. At necropsy, changes of moderate to severe pancreatitis including edema, necrosis, inflammation, vacuolization and hemorrhage were observed in all dogs. Inflammation scores tended to be higher in the gliotoxin group (3.9 versus 3; P=0.06). Conclusions: These results are consistent with studies of secretagogue induced models of pancreatitis where NFkB activation is felt to induce a self-defending genetic program before the onset of cellular injury, which might prevent higher degrees of damage of pancreatic acinar cells (Gastroenterology 1999; 116:420-430). Our findings suggest that inhibition of NFkB in pancreatitis may have worsened inflammation, thus rendering this an unsuitable strategy for prevention of ERCP induced pancreatitis.
Tree species do not influence local soil chemistry in a species-rich Costa Rica rain forest

In a now classic study, Zinke (1962) showed that a single Pinus contorta tree growing on a sand dune along the coast of California modified the chemistry of the soil underneath its crown. He found distinct patterns of pH, exchangeable cations and nitrogen (N) content moving from the bole outward to the crown drip zone, because the acidic bark and stemflow were concentrated around the bole (Zinke 1962). Subsequent studies in temperate forests have also found tree species to affect soil chemical properties such as pH, organic carbon (C) and rates of N mineralization (Boerner & Koslowsky 1989, Boettcher & Kalisz 1990, Finzi et al. 1998). Presumably, these species-specific effects are caused by inter-specific differences in organic acid exudation, nutrient uptake, litter quality or quantity, decomposition rates or nutrient outputs (Binkley & Giardina 1998, Knops et al. 2002, Rhoades 1997). Regardless of the causes, species-generated soil heterogeneity has implications for stand-level estimates of biogeochemical processes such as soil C storage and N-cycling as well as implications for plant diversity and regeneration (Finzi et al. 1998). Although a number of studies have demonstrated that tree species modify soil environments in temperate forests or monospecific tree plantations in the tropics (Fisher 1995, Rhoades 1997), few studies have investigated these processes in species-rich tropical forests (but see Rhoades et al. 1994).
Network utility maximization with nonconcave, coupled, and reliability-based uilities

Network Utility Maximization (NUM) has significantly extended the classical network flow problem and provided an emerging framework to design resource allocation algorithms such as TCP congestion control and to understand layering as optimization decomposition. We present a summary of very recent results in the theory and applications of NUM. We show new distributed algorithms that converge to the globally optimal rate allocation for NUM problems with nonconcave utility functions representing inelastic flows, with coupled utility functions representing interference effects or hybrid social-selfish utilities, and with rate-reliability tradeoff through adaptive channel coding in the physical layer. We conclude by discussing how do different decompositions of a generalized NUM problem correspond to different layering architectures.
Cloning and sequencing of a developmentally regulated avian mRNA containing the LEA motif found in plant seed proteins

Abstract We report the cloning of a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-sensitive transcript of 918 bp from an immortalized quail heart cell line containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 215 amino acids (aa) (≈23 kDa). Analysis of the secondary structure predicts two amphipathic α-helices with oppositely oriented amphipathic surfaces at the C-terminus of the protein. Each of the helices contains an LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) consensus sequence (A/TAEKAK/RETKD) which has been previously described only in a group of plant seed-specific proteins. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of the transcript during chick embryo development were examined by whole-mount in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis. At H&H (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951) stages 11–14, the message was expressed strongly in blood islands in the area opaca. At day 5, strong signals were found in the liver primordia, mesonephrons, and nephric duct. Frozen sections of whole mount-stained embryonic liver demonstrated that the message was restricted to developing blood cells. The expression pattern of this transcript suggests that its protein product may be involved in hematopoiesis during avian development.
Interaction of CO with Rh Supported on Stoichiometric and Reduced CeO2(111) andCeO2(100) Surfaces

The structure and reactivity of Rh films supported on thesurface of a CeO2single crystal were studied using Augerelectron spectroscopy (AES) and temperature-programmeddesorption (TPD). Rhodium films deposited from the vapor phasewere found to grow via the nucleation of three-dimensionalparticles at a sample temperature of 300 K. Annealing of the Rhfilms resulted in further agglomeration of the metal layer.Carbon monoxide TPD spectra obtained from Rh supported onoxygen-annealed CeO2(111) and CeO2(100) substrates weresimilar to those obtained from the low-index planes of Rh singlecrystals, with the exception that a small fraction of the CO(ca. 2%) was oxidized to CO2. In contrast, a newhigh-temperature CO desorption state was observed in the TPDspectra obtained from Rh supportedon partially reduced CeO2surfaces.
Familial juvenile adenomatous polyposis

Abstract Most colonic polyps in children are of the juvenile type and occur either as single or scattered colonic polyps. The peak incidence occurs between 4 and 6 yr of age, with a spontaneous decline from 12 to 15 yr. Significant clinical symptoms are rare, and operative therapy is rarely indicated. Diffuse colonic juvenile polyposis, however, varies with different clinical, prognostic, and genetic implications. In infancy, colonic polyposis may be associated with diffuse gastrointestinal involvement leading to fatal complications unless treated aggressively. In childhood, colonic polyposis can occur with a genetic variance with an increased incidence of familial intestinal malignancies. Colonic polyposis in childhood, both familial and nonfamilial, can present with a mixed form of juvenile and adenomatous polyposis. In children with colonic polyposis, the biopsy of a single polyp that reveals the histologic appearance of a juvenile polyp does not rule out the simultaneous existence of adenomatous polyps.
EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTES ON MOISTURE DETERMINATION BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE.

NUCLEAR magnetic resonance techniques are widely used to measure the liquid water content of solutions, emulsions, porous materials and biological materials1–6. The method is based on the measurement of the absorption of energy from a radio-frequency electromagnetic field by protons in the sample when the sample is in a magnetic field. Because protons are present in all liquids containing hydrogen, the method can also be applied to organic liquids7.
Irreversible Inhibition of DNA Polymerase β by an Oxidized Abasic Lesion

DNA damage is a source of carcinogenicity and is also the source of the cytotoxicity of gamma-radiolysis and antitumor agents, such as the enediynes. The dioxobutane lesion (DOB) is produced by a variety of DNA-damaging agents, including the aforementioned. Repair of DOB is important for maintaining the integrity of the genome as well as counteracting therapeutic agents that target DNA. We demonstrate that the DOB lesion efficiently and irreversibly inhibits repair by DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), an integral enzyme in base-excision repair. Irreversible inhibition of Pol beta by DOB suggests that this lesion provides a chemical explanation for the cytotoxicity of drugs that produce it and explains previously unexplained observations in the literature concerning abasic lesions that are not repaired efficiently. Finally, these observations provide the impetus for the design of a new family of inhibitors of Pol beta.
A comparative study of intravenous cholangiography and 99mTc-pyridoxylideneglutamate in patients with hepatobiliary disease.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the diagnostic value of intravenous cholangiography with99mTc-pyridoxylideneglutamate, a new radioisotopic biliary imaging agent, in 15 patients with suspected hepatobiliary disease. Each subject had both examinations, and the studies were interpreted independently. The results suggest that intravenous cholangiography may provide more specific information about the ductal system but is of limited value in patients with elevated bilirubin. In these patients99mTc-pyridoxylideneglutamate may show patency of the bile ducts and distinguish between partial and complete biliary tract obstruction. Depending upon the serum bilirubin level, both studies may provide useful and complementary information about the biliary tract.
Bombesin affects the central nervous system to produce hyperglycemia in rats.

Abstract Bombesin, a peptide isolated from frog skin, acts through the central nervous system to produce hyperglycemia in rats. Bombesin induced hyperglycemia may be mediated via adrenomedullary-catecholamine induced changes in insulin and glucagon secretion resulting in enhanced hepatic glucose output.
Field Results of an In-Place, Quantitative Performance Test for Laboratory Fume Hoods

Abstract A new method for testing fume hood performance was developed and previously reported. It involves measurement of tracer chemical concentrations outside a hood that result from a steady release of sulfur hexafluoride tracer chemical inside the hood. The tracer chemical is released through a hollow rectangular diffuser that encloses the entire work area. Field surveys on 50 laboratory fume hoods belonging to three different organizations demonstrated the ease and usefulness of this method for determining hood performance and the magnitude of personnel exposures under realistic operating conditions. The most frequent contributions to unsatisfactory hood containment were lack of a bottom airfoil, excessive clutter inside the work space, sharp sash edges, and improper delivery of replacement air. Seven case studies, presented to illustrate the unique findings of these surveys, include homemade hoods, hoods with horizontal sliding sashes, auxiliary air hoods, and variable exhaust volume hoods. One of t...
Distorted-wave calculations of dielectronic recombination as a function of electric field strength

The effects of external electric fields on dielectronic recombination have been studied in the distorted-wave approximation. The eigenvectors for the doubly excited Rydberg states were determined by diagonalizing a Hamiltonian matrix which includes the internal electrostatic and spin-orbit terms, as well as the Stark matrix elements. Calculations were performed for the dielectronic recombination transitions associated with the 2s..-->..2p excitation in the Li-like ions B/sup 2 +/, C/sup 3 +/, and O/sup 5 +/; and the 3s..-->..3p excitation in the Na-like ions P/sup 4 +/, S/sup 5 +/, and Cl/sup 6 +/. The results for the Na-like ions are compared with recent merged-beam measurements, and the differences between the two sequences with respect to the enhancement of dielectronic recombination as a function of electric field strength are discussed.
Microfluidic Device for Single-Molecule Experiments with Enhanced Photostability

A microfluidic device made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) addresses key limitations in single-molecule fluorescence experiments by providing high dye photostability and low sample sticking. Photobleaching is dramatically reduced by deoxygenation via gas diffusion through porous channel walls. Rapid buffer exchange in a laminar sheath flow followed by optical interrogation minimizes surface−sample contacts and allows the in situ addition and combination of other reagents.
Use of composites for 21st century civil infrastructure

Abstract Due to their light weight, high stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios, and potentially high resistance to environmental degradation, resulting in lower life-cycle costs, polymer composites are increasingly being considered for use in civil infrastructure applications ranging from the retrofit and rehabilitation of buildings and bridges to the construction of new structural systems. This paper outlines the need for such materials, describing a variety of applications ranging from seismic retrofit of columns to the fabrication of new light-weight bridge decks for renewal. Aspects related to the development of novel hybrid bridge structural systems are described that would lead to a new genre of bridge structures that efficiently combine functionality and aesthetics in a way previously not possible with conventional materials. Challenges and recent developments related to materials and processing methods, as well as issues related to life-time durability related to this cost-sensitive environment are discussed, and it is shown that solutions derived for this area will provide significant advances in other application areas.
Beyond Jurassic Park: Real Science with Ancient DNA

A symposium (Beyond Jurassic Park: Accessing Genetic Information Hidden in Herbaria and Archival Plant, Microbe, and Insect Specimens) held at the 1998 American Phytopathological Society's annual m...
Living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: patient outcomes and the nurse's role.

Background and purpose Life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias that cause sudden cardiac death claim more than a thousand lives a day. Many sudden cardiac death survivors and those at high risk receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Despite the large number of people living with an ICD, little is known about their ICD knowledge and the impact of this knowledge on their uncertainty and quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to determine if ICD knowledge and uncertainty predict QOL in individuals living with an ICD. Methods A purposive sample of 90 ICD recipients was recruited from a large rural Northeastern cardiac clinic. A descriptive correlational design was used. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess relationships among ICD knowledge, uncertainty, and QOL. Confounding variables of age, education, left ventricular ejection fraction, and number of years postimplantation were controlled in the analyses. Results and conclusions Statistically significant relationships were found between uncertainty and QOL, but ICD knowledge was not significantly related to uncertainty or QOL. Younger recipients reported a lower QOL. Education, ejection fraction, number of ICD shocks since implantation, and number of months since implantation were unrelated to ICD knowledge, uncertainty, or QOL in these ICD recipients. It is important to evaluate ICD recipients' understanding of the information they receive and to determine what ICD knowledge, uncertainty, and QOL means from the patient's perspective to assist them in the transitional process of learning to live with an ICD.