cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Patient's Tale of Incarceration in a Victorian Lunatic Asylum

Using the archival admissions records and the case history of a patient at a British asylum in the 1870s, the author compares two genres. The first of these is two medical certificates written and signed by two physicians attesting that the patient was of unsound mind and needed to be confined and treated. The second genre is the patient’s oral testimony to Parliament’s Select Committee on Lunacy Laws (1877), a narrative he delivered the year following his release from the asylum. Both genres are legal texts; however, it is the patient’s narrative of personal experience, as transcribed in the committee report, that allows the reader a glimpse of the misery imposed by confinement in a “lunatic” asylum. The two medical certificates have considerably more illocutionary force, however; as speech acts they most often resulted in confinement until the patient was determined to have recovered, was transferred to another asylum, or died.
Development of bamboo‐derived sorbents for mercury removal in gas phase

Activated carbon sorbents were synthesized from bamboo precursors by carbonization in an inert atmosphere followed by physiochemical activation with carbon dioxide and finally acidulation in hydrochloric acid. Bamboo strips with and without the epidermal tissue (bark) were used. The morphology and specific surface area changes due to the treatment were analysed. The adsorption characteristics of these sorbents after each stage of treatment were also analysed and the data were correlated to the changes in the physical characteristics of the sorbents. Kinetic studies were conducted on these samples. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of elemental mercury adsorption on these carbons were evaluated at room temperature. Elemental mercury uptake at different sorbent loading and initial elemental mercury concentrations were examined. The adsorption rate constants and the mass transfer constants were estimated for the sorbents prepared under different conditions. Adsorption isotherms of the elemental mercury...
Stop-Loss Strategies with Serial Correlation, Regime Switching, and Transactions Costs

Stop-loss strategies are commonly used by investors to reduce their holdings in risky assets if prices or total wealth breach certain pre-specified thresholds. We derive closed-form expressions for the impact of stop-loss strategies on asset returns that are serially correlated, regime switching, and subject to transactions costs. When applied to a large sample of individual U.S. stocks, we show that tight stop-loss strategies tend to underperform the buy-and-hold policy in a mean-variance framework due to excessive trading costs. Outperformance is possible for stocks with sufficiently high serial correlation in returns. Certain strategies succeed at reducing downside risk, but not substantially.
A new vision for New Orleans and the Mississippi delta: applying ecological economics and ecological engineering

The restoration of New Orleans and the rest of the Mississippi delta after Hurricane Katrina can become another disaster waiting to happen, or it can become a model of sustainable development. Sea level is rising, precipitation patterns are changing, hurricane intensity is increasing, energy costs are predicted to soar, and the city is continuing to sink. Most of New Orleans is currently from 0.6 to 5 m (2–15 feet) below sea level. The conventional approach of simply rebuilding the levees and the city behind them will only delay the inevitable. If New Orleans, and the delta in which it is located, can develop and pursue a new paradigm, it could be a truly unique, sustainable, and desirable city, and an inspiration to people around the world. This paper discusses the underlying causes and implications of the Katrina disaster, basic goals for a sustainable redevelopment initiative, and seven principles necessary for a sustainable vision for the future of New Orleans and the Mississippi delta.
Trust-but-Verify: Verifying Result Correctness of Outsourced Frequent Itemset Mining in Data-Mining-As-a-Service Paradigm

Cloud computing is popularizing the computing paradigm in which data is outsourced to a third-party service provider (server) for data mining. Outsourcing, however, raises a serious security issue: how can the client of weak computational power verify that the server returned correct mining result? In this paper, we focus on the specific task of frequent itemset mining. We consider the server that is potentially untrusted and tries to escape from verification by using its prior knowledge of the outsourced data. We propose efficient probabilistic and deterministic verification approaches to check whether the server has returned correct and complete frequent itemsets. Our probabilistic approach can catch incorrect results with high probability, while our deterministic approach measures the result correctness with 100 percent certainty. We also design efficient verification methods for both cases that the data and the mining setup are updated. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our methods using an extensive set of empirical results on real datasets.
Comparing a Mechanical Analogue With the Da Vinci User Interface: Suturing at Challenging Angles

The da Vinci Surgical System offers a natural user interface and wrist articulation, which enable suturing and other complex surgical actions in confined spaces. However, both the one-time cost of the system and the recurring cost of the limited-use instruments remain high. This has motivated the development of several hand-held alternatives—some partially motorized, some fully mechanical—in recent years. While a few of these have been commercialized, none have yet met with broad commercial success comparable to the da Vinci robot. In this letter, we suggest a user interface-based explanation for this, and describe a new mechanical instrument that provides wrist articulation with a novel user interface. We provide results of a single-user pilot study with an experienced laparoscopic surgeon to compare the new device with a traditional wristless laparoscopic tool, a prior commercial wristed mechanical tool (the RealHand), and the da Vinci robot, in the context of suturing at challenging angles. We observe better targeting of desired suture needle entry and exit points with the new device in comparison to prior wristed and wristless mechanical instruments, with the da Vinci only slightly outperforming the new tool.
Group Membership and Political Obligation

Quelle est la nature et l'origine des liens entre les peuples, les gouvernements et les institutions politiques de leurs pays?
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of β-Diketiminato Aluminum Complexes

The preparation and reaction chemistry of β-diketiminato aluminum complexes are described. (TTP)AlCl2 (1) (TTPH = 2-(p-tolylamino)-4-(p-tolylimino)-2-pentene) is formed by the treatment of AlCl3 with LiTTP. Sequential alkylation of 1 with CH3Li results in the formation of the mono- and dimethyl aluminum complexes (TTP)AlMeCl (2) and (TTP)AlMe2 (3), respectively. Only monoalkyl complexes are produced when more hindered alkyllithium reagents are used. Compounds 2 and 3 are more conveniently prepared by treating Al(CH3)3 with TTPH·HCl and TTPH, respectively. The more sterically hindered β-diketimine ligand 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amino)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene (DDPH) also reacts smoothly with Al(CH3)3 to yield (DDP)Al(CH3)2 (4). Compound 3 undergoes methyl abstraction reactions upon addition of B(C6F5)3 or AgOTf. Cationic species formed from 3 and B(C6F5)3 are unstable and decompose to (TTP)Al(CH3)(C6F5) and MeB(C6F5)2. In contrast, (TTP)Al(CH3)(OTf) (6) is thermally stable, but the trif...
Introduction—Globalization, Politics, and the Poor

How has globalization affected the poor? Empirical research on the relationship between globalization and poverty has produced mixed results. Some studies claim that globalization has improved economic growth and thereby brought significant economic benefits to the poor over the past few decades, while others contest the existence of a positive correlation between the two phenomena. Still other scholars have tried to bridge the two sides of the debate, arguing that the effect of globalization on the poor is dependent on a multitude of factors—including institutions, policies, and initial conditions—and thus can vary both across and within countries. Yet studies on globalization and poverty are not as prevalent as many assume. Most empirical studies analyze the 1980s and 1990s, which is just when most developing economies began liberalizing. They also vary in their scope: Some assess a collection of case studies or focus on a particular region; some present purely theoretical models (Basu 2006); and still others conduct rigorous statistical analysis of cross-country or microlevel data. A vast majority of these studies, however, look mainly at the effects of globalization on overall growth, or on absolute measures of poverty, and not at any broader vision of poverty. The development …
Ethnicity, Economics, and Diplomacy in Dionysios of Corinth*

Sometime in the latter half of the second century, Bishop Dionysios of Corinth began writing letters to Christian communities around the eastern Mediterranean. Of these letters, which remain only as fragments and summaries in Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History, we know of eight, including one addressed to a woman named Chrysophora. Though Dionysios is not often mentioned in histories of second-century Christianity, he was famous enough in his own day that his advice was requested from as far as the Black Sea and his letters were tampered with by those seeking to lend his authority to their theological positions. When Dionysios has been discussed by historians of early Christianity, his work has been mined for what it can tell us about early Christian letter collections, for the names of other second century bishops, and for fights over various early Christian heresies. Though I draw on these studies, I am here concerned with examining Dionysios's surviving letters as political rhetoric within what Loveday Alexander has called the “social networks” of early Christianity. Rather than focusing on questions of episcopal succession or early Christian letter collections, I consider how Dionysios's letters functioned as political instruments that knit together early Christian communities as they made their way to and from Corinth aboard merchant ships and overland caravans, moving amongst the myriad of people and goods that flowed through Roman trade routes in the eastern Mediterranean.
Amino-oxyacetic acid: Effects on multiple fixed ratio-fixed interval performance in the rat

Disruptions in multiple FI-FR operant performance as a function of administration of amino-oxyacetic acid, a drug which increases brain levels of gamma-aminobutryic acid, were studied. The drug caused profound disruptions in response rate and temporal patterning, but these effects were not temporally correlated with the time-course of neurochemical effects reported by other investigators.
Computer Modeling: an Important Tool in Materials Processing

The development of techniques to control and use materials, especially metallic materials continues to play a key role in the technological advancement of modem day society. A variety of materials processes have been developed over time, and are applied to design and fabricate products. Heat treatment of metallic materials has been the method of choice applied to improve mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, and toughness, as well as to improve the homogeneity of properties in materials such as corrosion resistance. The mot significant success stories in the application of materials processes involve the heat-treatment of steel. The reasons for this largely lie in the ease with which steel microstructures can be altered by controlled heating and cooling. The objective of computer modeling of materials processes is to maximize on the beneficial factors while keeping to a minimum the negating effects such as components distortion and residual stresses. Computer modeling is a powerful tool in achieving this objective in the sense that with it, the effect of parameters associated with materials processes can be analyzed systematically in order to optimize them before actual production begins.
Conservation of structure in ATP-depleted proximal tubules: Role of calcium, polyphosphoinositides, and glycine

Increases of intracellular free Ca2+ (Caf) may mediate phospholipid hydrolysis and disintegration in energy-compromised cells; on the other hand, glycine and related amino acids preserve structure. We have examined the effects of increased Caf on phospholipids and structure in ATP-depleted cells, as well as how these actions may be modified by glycine. Incubation of isolated proximal tubules with antimycin A led to ATP depletion, delayed increases of Caf to micromolar levels, polyphosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis by phospholipase C, and generalized disintegration of cell structure. Glycine inhibited PPI hydrolysis and preserved cell structure in entirety but did not apparently modify the Caf increases. When overwhelming increases of Caf were induced by the additional presence of a Ca2+ ionophore, glycine did not inhibit either the hydrolysis of PPI or disruption of mitochondria and microvilli. However, the cells remained integrated and unbroken. Incubation in low-Ca2+ medium prevented Caf increases, inhibited PPI hydrolysis, and preserved the structure of mitochondria and microvilli. Nevertheless, there was lethal damage by disintegration of all other membranes. This damage was prevented specifically and completely by glycine. Thus compartments of cells were shown to be differentially susceptible to injury from increased Caf or lack of glycine. Although damage by either factor occurs by distinct mechanisms, glycine also appears to have effects that suppress the deleterious effects of Ca2+ so long as Caf increases are not overwhelming. Our results also suggest that the PPI have a major structural role, which may be compromised by Caf increase during ATP depletion.
Viewpoint: Evidence-Guided Education: Patients’ Outcome Data Should Influence Our Teaching Priorities

How should medical educators choose learning objectives and teaching content in clinical education? Given the information chain reaction, coverage of all significant topics in sufficient depth is not possible. Choosing subjects of high priority is essential if education is to have maximum impact on quality of care. These priorities should not derive from tradition and opinion, but should be informed by patient outcomes, the ultimate standard for assessing educational effectiveness. Building upon prior initiatives linking education to practice, the author uses the term "evidence-guided education" to express the process of influencing curricular choices with evidence from health outcomes. Sources of outcome evidence include incident reports, morbidity and mortality conferences, surveillance of quality of care in particular venues, case series, surveys of adverse events and "near-misses," and malpractice claims. Starting with anecdotal occurrences, additional case-finding may establish patterns of poor outcomes, some of which may be preventable. Credible research data on outcomes can inform prioritization for objectives and content at successive institutional levels, which should improve practices and outcomes, completing the loop of feedback, implementation, and improved health. The closer the educational intervention is to practice, the more accountable it becomes. Thus, EGE is more amenable to evaluation at residents' and practitioners' levels and more difficult at the undergraduate level. However, outcome evidence should still inform undergraduate teaching, since this constitutes the platform for future learning. Severe constraints on learning time mandate prioritization of content and suggest the need for the judicious application of outcome evidence in place of mere opinion.
Modelling LARES temperature distribution and thermal drag II: Numerical computation of current-epoch thermal forces

The LARES satellite is a laser-ranged space experiment to contribute to geophysics observation, and to measure the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect. LARES consists of a solid tungsten alloy sphere, into which 92 fused-silica Cube Corner Reflectors (CCRs) are set in colatitude circles (“rows”). During its first four months in orbit it was observed to undergo an anomalous along-track orbital acceleration of approximately $ -0.4$ pm/s2 $(pm: = picometer)$ . The first paper in this series (Eur. Phys. J. Plus 130, 206 (2015) - Paper I) computed the thermally induced along-track “thermal drag” on the LARES satellite during the first 126 days after launch. The results there suggest that the IR absorbance $ \alpha$ and emissivity $ \epsilon$ of the CCRs equal 0.60, a possible value for silica with slight surface contamination subjected to the space environment. Paper I computed an average thermal drag acceleration of $ -0.36$ pm/s2 for a 120-day period starting with the 7th day after launch. The heating and the resultant along-track acceleration depend on the plane of the orbit, the sun position, and in particular on the occurrence of eclipses, all of which are functions of time. Thus we compute the thermal drag for specific days. The satellite is heated from two sources: sunlight and Earth’s infrared (IR) radiation. Paper I worked in the fast-spin regime, where CCRs with the same colatitude can be taken to have the same temperature. Further, since all temperature variations (temporal or spatial) were small in this regime, Paper I linearized the Stefan-Boltzmann law and performed a Fourier series analysis. However, the spin rate of the satellite is expected currently ( $ \approx$ day 1500) to be slow, of order $ \approx 5$ /orbit, so the “fast-spin equal-temperatures in a row” assumption is suspect. In this paper, which considers epochs up to 1580 days after launch, we do not linearize and we use direct numerical integration instead of Fourier methods. In addition to the along-track drag, this code produces all components of the thermally induced force on the satellite as a function of time throughout the orbit. We find that in the slow spin regime, although there are substantial excursions from the Fourier results, the Fourier results do provide good average values for the temperature of the CCRs (constant temperature in rows from the Fourier method), and for the daily along-track average drag. However, we also find that the relatively small average along-track drag (which swings between $ -0.7$ pm/s2 and $ -0.25$ pm/s2 and averages $ -0.50$ pm/s2 over days 1460-1580) arises from instantaneous accelerations that have excursions that are about an order of magnitude larger than the resulting orbit-averaged drag. Note that neither the first paper nor this one addresses the additional particle drag on the satellite.
The Umayyad Amirate in Spain

When in 75o the ‘Abbāsids signalized their accession by a general massacre of the members of the house of Umayyah,1one of the very few who escaped was ‘Abd-al-Raḥmān ibn-Mu‘āwiyah,2 a grandson of Hishām, the tenth caliph of Damascus. The story of the narrow escape of this twenty-year-old youth and of his five years’ wandering in disguise through Palestine, Egypt and North Africa, where more than once he barely escaped the vigilant eyes of ‘Abbāsid spies, forms one of the most dramatic episodes in Arabic annals. The flight began from a Bedouin camp on the left bank of the Euphrates where ‘Abd-al-Raḥmān had sought refuge. One day the black standards of the ‘Abbāsids suddenly appeared close by the camp. With his thirteen-year-old brother, ‘Abd-al-Raḥmān dashed into the river. The younger, evidently a poor swimmer, believed the pursuers’ promise of amnesty and returned from midstream, only to be slain; the elder kept on and gained the opposite bank.3
Case Series of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangiomas:

Purpose:To describe circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) management in the era of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.Methods:Retrospective chart review of 11 patients (4 men a...
Partnerships for active elementary schools: Physical education outcomes after 4 months of a 2-year pilot study:

Objective:This study assessed the impact of Partnerships for Active Children in Elementary Schools (PACES) on children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during physical education (PE)...
Intramolecular Crossed [2+2] Photocycloaddition through Visible Light-Induced Energy Transfer

Herein, we present the intramolecular [2+2] cycloadditions of dienones promoted through sensitization, using a polypyridyl iridium(III) catalyst, to form bridged cyclobutanes. In contrast to previous examples of straight [2+2] cycloadditions, these efficient crossed additions were achieved under irradiation with visible light. The reactions delivered desired bridged benzobicycloheptanone products with excellent regioselectivity in high yields (up to 96%). This process is superior to previous syntheses of benzobicyclo[3.1.1]heptanones, which are readily converted to B-norbenzomorphan analogues of biological significance. Electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic studies substantiated the mechanism of triplet energy transfer and explained the unusual regiocontrol.
Fuel Flow Topology and Control for Extending Aircraft Thermal Endurance

The effect of fuel flow topology and control on the thermal endurance of aircraft that use fuel as a heat sink was explored. Differential equations were derived that describe the behavior of recirc...
Abstract 223: CXCR4 Regulates B1 Cell Localization, Proliferation, Survival, and Atheroprotective IgM Production

Background: B1 cells exert protective effects in atherosclerosis through production of anti-inflammatory natural IgM antibodies that recognize oxidation-specific epitopes, such as MDA-LDL, present ...
The Influence of Body Composition on Pulmonary Rehabilitation Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Alterations in body composition are commonly present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The hypothesis of this study is that COPD patients would achieve clinical benefits after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) independent of muscle mass depletion or body weight. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for assessment of fat-free mass (FFM) depletion (muscle depletion). Patients were stratified into three categories based on (1) obesity BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, (2) non-obesity BMI < 30 kg/m2, and (3) combined cachexia (BMI < 21 kg/m2 and FFM index < 16 kg/m2) and muscle atrophy (BMI ≥ 21 kg/m2 and FFMI < 16 kg/m2). PR outcomes were defined as the improvement in exercise capacity (maximal exercise capacity, 6-min walk, constant workload cycle exercise duration) and quality of life determined by Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire after PR. We studied 72 patients with available FFM measured by BIA. Patients were predominantly elderly man (N = 71; 98%), with a mean age of 72 years with COPD GOLD stage I–IV. The groups were balanced in terms of age, comorbidities, baseline FEV1, exercise capacity, and quality of life. The absolute changes in patients with muscle depletion or obesity compared to those without muscle depletion or obesity were not statistically different as was the percentage of patients reaching the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) after PR. A comprehensive PR program in COPD patients improved exercise tolerance and quality of life independent of muscle mass depletion or obesity. Similarly, muscle depletion or obesity had no effect on the percentage of patients achieving the MCID for measures of quality of life and exercise tolerance after PR.
The impact of clean-in-place parameters on rinse water effectiveness and efficiency

Abstract Although Cleaning-in-Place (CIP) is abundantly used throughout the food industry, it is recognized that CIP operations use significant amounts of water and energy. The overall objective of this investigation was to evaluate parameters needed to improve the effectiveness of water use during CIP pre-rinse. A pilot-scale CIP system was operated over a range of Reynolds number (Re) from 16,000 to 260,000, while evaluating the effectiveness of rinse water to remove a reconstituted skim milk residue film from stainless steel pipe surfaces. Rinse water effectiveness was quantified by comparing the protein concentration on the pipe surface after pre-rinse to the initial level. As the Re increased, the effectiveness of rinse step increased, but not in linear proportionality. The efficiency of the rinse water decreased significantly as the volume of rinse water increased. The results of this investigation provide the basis for reducing water and energy requirements during CIP operations.
Identifying cost-effective invasive species control to enhance endangered species populations in the Grand Canyon, USA.

Abstract Recovering endangered species populations when confronted with the threat of invasive species is an ongoing natural resource management challenge. While eradication of the invasive species is often the optimal economic solution, it may not be a feasible nor desirable management action in other cases. For example, when invasive species are desired in one area, but disperse into areas managed for endangered species, managers may be interested in persistent, but cost-effective means of managing dispersers rather than eradicating the source. In the Colorado River, a nonnative rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sport fishery is desired within Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, however, dispersal downriver into the Grand Canyon National Park is not desired as rainbow trout negatively affect endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha). Here, we developed a bioeconomic model incorporating population abundance goals and cost-effectiveness analyses to approximate the optimal control strategies for invasive rainbow trout conditional on achieving endangered humpback chub adult population abundance goals. Model results indicated that the most cost-effective approach to achieve target adult humpback chub abundance was a high level of rainbow trout control over moderately high rainbow trout population abundance. Adult humpback chub abundance goals were achieved at relatively low rainbow trout abundance and control measures were not cost-effective at relatively high rainbow trout abundance. Our model considered population level dynamics, species interaction and economic costs in a multi-objective decision framework to provide a preferred solution to long-run management of invasive and native species.
A Service-Oriented Model for Personal Health Records

Personal health records (PHRs) have received widespread attention as a tool for people to store and manage their own or their family’s health records. Today PHRs are provided by a variety of player...
Sandstones, Sedimentary Basins, and Continental Evolution

At some stage in the geological investigation of a sandstone, we need to place the formation in a larger perspective — to see it in relation to the basin fill as a whole and even to think about it in the longer view of geologic history and continental evolution. We need to go from a provincial to a cosmopolitan outlook. Only by placing the local study in a larger framework can we really understand the sandstone in question. Hence in this chapter we consider the larger questions related to sands and sandstones.
Quantitative Genetic Perspectives on Female Macaque Life Histories

All life histories are a complex of trade-offs that depend on individual conditions—including size, age, and sex—and adaptively mold suites of traits through the biased intergenerational transmission of successful physiological strategies. I explore intrapopulation variation in how female rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago have negotiated a central life history trade-off: when to start reproducing. I emphasize how evolutionary quantitative genetic models require explicit links between hypothesized or measured patterns of selection and the genetic substrates that influence phenotypes and change intergenerationally. Perhaps counterintuitively, I also show how genetic models offer valuable insights on how environments, including those provided by mothers and other kin, affect offspring development and later female life histories. The emerging picture of female macaque maturation is one of the great flexibility and environmental responsiveness coupled with an important genetic component that is significantly entangled with later life history events.
Selection, Training and Mentoring of Cardiac Surgeons

This chapter explores the unique challenges of selecting, training and mentoring those who will become the next generation of pediatric cardiac care professionals. In addition to the published literature on selection, training and mentoring, we provide new data from the Congenital Heart Surgeons Society and the European Association for Congenital Heart Surgery elucidating the elements deemed most important to the training and professional development of healthcare providers devoted to pediatric cardiac care.
Differential gene expression in pancreatic cancer when treated with ginger extract

Many naturally occurring compounds have been shown to decrease proliferation and result in apoptosis in cancer cell lines. The extract of ginger has recently been shown to display an anti-proliferative effect on the pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. In this cell line, autosis, a sodium-potassium-ATPase-regulated cell death, has been identified after treatment with ginger extract. However, the role of ginger in PANC-1 on the anti-oxidant/oxidative stress pathways has not previously been investigated. In this study, we treated PANC-1 cells with a sub-lethal dose of ginger to determine its effects on these pathways. A sub-lethal dose was utilized because our concern was identifying changes in gene expression levels before the onset of autosis. Cells were treated with a fixed concentration 50 µg/mL of ginger extract for 20 hours and were found to be 70% viable when examined using the MTT assay. To determine differential gene expression, we treated the cells as previously mentioned and isolated total RNA. We then generated cDNA from both control and ginger treated cells for use in real-time PCR analysis to determine differential expression. Beta-actin was used as a normalizer and SYBR green was used as the fluorescent marker. In our initial analysis, SOD2 gene, which codes for the enzyme superoxide dismutase that helps clear the body of superoxide, was found upregulated 2.56 fold in the ginger treated cells as compared to the control PANC-1 cells. Further analysis of other anti-oxidant/oxidative stress factors is currently being conducted. Protein isolation and Western blot analysis is being completed to determine if the protein levels for SOD2 have also been altered by the ginger treatment. Our preliminary data suggest that ginger, in addition to playing a role in autosis, also is involved in altering the anti-oxidant/oxidative stress pathways in the pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1.
Job Satisfaction, Enrichment, and Institutional Policy: Listening to Faculty Mothers

With a growing number of mothers in academia, this study gives voice to the experiences and perceptions of faculty mothers from a large, public, doctoral-granting university in the Northeast region...
Respect, Individualism, and Colorblindness

What principle underlies the Supreme Court’s “colorblind” or “anticlassification” approach to race and equal protection? According to the Court and many commentators, the answer lies in a kind of individualism—a conviction that people should be treated as individuals, not as instances of racial types. Yet the Court has said almost nothing about what it means to treat someone “as an individual.” By excavating the philosophical foundations of that idea, this Article offers a framework for understanding, and then evaluating, the claim that the government fails to treat people as individuals when it classifies them by race. Rightly understood, the Article argues, treating people as individuals means showing respect for their individuality, a central facet of their moral standing as persons. To evaluate the claimed link between individualism and colorblindness, then, one first has to consider what respect for a person’s individuality involves. Drawing on the philosophical literatures on respect and autonomy, the Article offers an answer to that question: treating someone as an individual requires taking due account of the information conveyed by her self-defining choices. But that answer entails that respect for a person’s individuality does not inherently require, or even favor, disregard of information carried by her race. The Article thus offers an internal critique of the Supreme Court’s avowedly “individualistic” approach to race and equal protection; it shows that the central moral argument for colorblindness rests on too shallow an account of what individualism itself demands. Building on that conclusion, the Article then turns to suggestions that racial distinctions—whatever their intrinsic moral status—are nonetheless stamped with social meanings that render them disrespectful of a person’s individuality. Even if such meanings might justify limiting integrative race-based state action, the Article contends, the recognition that no more basic moral wrong is at work should transform the colorblindness project. It should prompt the Court to enforce colorblindness, if it does, with regret rather than indignation. And it should lead the Court to decide cases, and write opinions, in ways that avoid further entrenching social meanings that stand in the way of racial repair.
Four Weeks of Time-Restricted Feeding Combined with Resistance Training Does Not Differentially Influence Measures of Body Composition, Muscle Performance, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Blood Biomarkers

Recently, interest in time-restricted feeding (TRF) has increased from reports highlighting improvements in body composition and muscular performance measures. Twenty-six recreationally active males were randomly assigned to either TRF (n = 13; ~22.9 years; 82.0 kg; 178.1 cm; 8 h eating window, 25% caloric deficit, 1.8 g/kg/day protein) or normal diet (ND; n = 13; ~22.5 years; 83.3 kg; 177.5 cm; normal meal pattern; 25% caloric deficit, 1.8 g/kg/day protein) groups. Participants underwent 4-weeks of supervised full body resistance training. Changes in body composition (fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (BF%)), skeletal muscle cross sectional area (CSA) and muscle thickness (MT) of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris, (RF), and biceps brachii (BB) muscles, resting energy expenditure (REE), muscular performance, blood biomarkers, and psychometric parameters were assessed. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases were noted in BM, FM, BF%, testosterone, adiponectin, and REE, along with significant increases in BP1RM, LP1RM, VJHT, VJPP, VLCSA, BBCSA, and BBMT in both groups. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly elevated at post (p = 0.018) only in ND. Additionally, FFM was maintained equally between groups. Thus, a TRF style of eating does not enhance reductions in FM over caloric restriction alone during a 4-week hypocaloric diet.
Application of neural nets in structural optimization

The biological motivation for Artificial Neural Net developments is briefly discussed, and the most popular paradigm, the feedforward supervised learning net with error back propagation training algorithm, is introduced. Possible approaches for utilization in structural optimization is illustrated through simple examples. Other currently ongoing developments for application in structural mechanics are also mentioned.
Communication's quest for whiteness: the racial politics of disciplinary legitimacy

This essay examines communication's historical anxieties regarding disciplinary legitimacy as an investment in whiteness. We argue that such anxieties are predicated upon a normative ideal of citiz...
Men Who Have Undergone Vasectomy are Healthier Than Non-sterilized Fertile Men: An Analysis of the Nation Survey for Family Growth.

Objective To evaluate the health status of men who have undergone vasectomy versus nonsterilized fertile men. Methods Using the National Survey for Family Growth from 2002 to 2017, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on demographic and health data, including health status and health care utilization. Results Men who have undergone vasectomy are more likely to be older, healthier, have more children, identify as non-Hispanic white, be married, have a higher level of education, earn a higher mean household income, and were more likely to be privately insured than non-sterilized fertile men. On multivariate analysis, men who underwent vasectomy had a better health status despite being older. Conclusion There are significant socioeconomic and health differences between men who elect vasectomy and non-sterilized fertile men. These differences should be considered when considering using sterilized men as a proxy for proven fertile men in epidemiological studies.
Fishing specialization and the inland trade of the Chilean jack mackerel or jurel, Trachurus murphyi, in far southern Peru

Beginning by at least the Andean Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000), sites located more than 60 km inland from the Pacific coast in far southern Peru contain the remains of jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi). The coastal region near the modern Peruvian city of Ilo was the habitat where people procured fish and transported them to sites in the Moquegua Valley. Abundant neurocranial fragments indicate that coastal occupants shipped whole fish, not processed body portions, to inland destinations. I previously interpreted the remains of jack mackerel as imported fishes indicating high status deposits, particularly at imperial administrative outposts associated with the Wari Empire. The recent identification of jack mackerel at highly provisional, agricultural sites inhabited by non-elite residents suggests that these fishes were everyday, rather than elite, fare. The analysis indicates that the pre-Hispanic inhabitants discontinued trade in marine fishes after the collapse of the politically integrated empires in the region, but people reestablished fish trade in subsequent time periods. I examine the probable capture methods and possible culinary reasons as to why the Chilean jack mackerel is common at some inland sites in far southern Peru.
Modern simulation utilities for genetic analysis

Statistical geneticists employ simulation to estimate the power of proposed studies, test new analysis tools, and evaluate properties of causal models. Although there are existing trait simulators, there is ample room for modernization. For example, most phenotype simulators are limited to Gaussian traits or traits transformable to normality, while ignoring qualitative traits and realistic, non-normal trait distributions. Also, modern computer languages, such as Julia, that accommodate parallelization and cloud-based computing are now mainstream but rarely used in older applications. To meet the challenges of contemporary big studies, it is important for geneticists to adopt new computational tools. We present TraitSimulation, an open-source Julia package that makes it trivial to quickly simulate phenotypes under a variety of genetic architectures. This package is integrated into our OpenMendel suite for easy downstream analyses. Julia was purpose-built for scientific programming and provides tremendous speed and memory efficiency, easy access to multi-CPU and GPU hardware, and to distributed and cloud-based parallelization. TraitSimulation is designed to encourage flexible trait simulation, including via the standard devices of applied statistics, generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). TraitSimulation also accommodates many study designs: unrelateds, sibships, pedigrees, or a mixture of all three. (Of course, for data with pedigrees or cryptic relationships, the simulation process must include the genetic dependencies among the individuals.) We consider an assortment of trait models and study designs to illustrate integrated simulation and analysis pipelines. Step-by-step instructions for these analyses are available in our electronic Jupyter notebooks on Github. These interactive notebooks are ideal for reproducible research. The TraitSimulation package has three main advantages. (1) It leverages the computational efficiency and ease of use of Julia to provide extremely fast, straightforward simulation of even the most complex genetic models, including GLMs and GLMMs. (2) It can be operated entirely within, but is not limited to, the integrated analysis pipeline of OpenMendel. And finally (3), by allowing a wider range of more realistic phenotype models, TraitSimulation brings power calculations and diagnostic tools closer to what investigators might see in real-world analyses.
Structural insights into glucocorticoid receptor function

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a steroid hormone-activated transcription factor that binds to various glucocorticoid response elements to up- or down- regulate the transcription of thousands of genes involved in metabolism, development, stress and inflammatory responses. GR consists of two domains enabling interaction with glucocorticoids, DNA response elements and coregulators, as well as a large intrinsically disordered region that mediates condensate formation. A growing body of structural studies during the past decade have shed new light on GR interactions, providing a new understanding of the mechanisms driving context-specific GR activity. Here, we summarize the established and emerging mechanisms of action of GR, primarily from a structural perspective. This minireview also discusses how the current state of knowledge of GR function may guide future glucocorticoid design with an improved therapeutic index for different inflammatory disorders.
Sarah Grand and the Woman Question: Dialectical Progress and Hope

One of the staunch advocates of women’s suffrage, Sarah Grand, expresses her hope in a better future for women in her novelistic and journalistic work. In her view, two contemporary types of individuals, here referred to as the New Woman and the New Man, play an essential role in engendering societal change that helps the woman’s cause. Extensive literary criticism of Grand’s oeuvre has identified the New Man in her later work. This essay establishes that as early as her succes de scandale novel, The Heavenly Twins (1893), and the articles published a year later, Grand conjoins the New Woman and the New Man to oppugn the Victorian doctrine of separate spheres and to underscore the progress of the women’s suffrage. She paints the arduous path to progress through the New Woman’s believable partners and advocates, adequate rather than idealized examples of New Men: Dr. Galbraith, Mr. Kilroy of Ilverthorpe, Dr. Shadwell and Mr. Price. Alongside these, Grand places three characters: Evadne Frayling, a potential suffragette who marks a regress from the advances of women’s movement; Angelica Hamilton-Wells, a potential New Woman who gains a political voice by writing her husband’s speeches; and Ideala, the New Woman, a model of behavior and harbinger of hope for the female readership. Drawing from Herbert Spencer, Matthew Arnold and Charles Darwin, Grand dismantles the typical Victorian ideas about woman and man to emphasize the importance of education in the lives of both. For women to achieve a personal identity, the New Man needs to support her to redefine, at least partially, the ‘nature’ of woman. Through her dramatizations of models of men and women who can bring about progress, Grand initiates her reader into the changes that can help the suffrage movement gain momentum and move forward.
Lateral Epitaxial Growth of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Thin Films

We report a novel growth technique for epitaxial thin films by combination of selective heteroepitaxial growth and lateral homoepitaxial growth. Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films were deposited on the substrates having patterned SiOx layers at 450°C using pulsed laser deposition. Post annealing was carried out thereafter for lateral epitaxial growth. The difference in the crystallization temperature of BST thin film on the amorphous masking layers and lattice-matched single crystalline substrate enables selective nucleation and heteroepitaxial growth from the regions of single crystalline substrates during the film deposition. Lateral homoepitaxial growth is expected from the crystallized BST thin film toward the amorphous BST on SiOx during the post annealing process. In this paper, a study on the difference in nucleation and growth behavior of BST thin films on the amorphous masking layers and lattice-matched single crystal substrates is presented.
Decoupling Stochastic Systems under Plant and Controller Parameter Variation

This paper presents an algorithm for decoupling a stochastic system which has parameter variation in the plant as well as the controller. The compensator is based upon a constant or dynamic output feedback structure. By minimizing a performance measure incorporating trajectory sensitivity and optimal tracking, a controller is constructed which decouples the system in spite of noise and parameter variation. An example is presented to illustrate the approach.
MOD-1 is a serotonin-gated chloride channel that modulates locomotory behaviour in C. elegans

The neurotransmitter and neuromodulator serotonin (5-HT) functions by binding either to metabotropic G-protein-coupled receptors (for example, 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT4 to 5-HT7), which mediate ‘slow’ modulatory responses through numerous second messenger pathways1, or to the ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor, a non-selective cation channel that mediates ‘fast’ membrane depolarizations2. Here we report that the gene mod-1 (for modulation of locomotion defective) from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a new type of ionotropic 5-HT receptor, a 5-HT-gated chloride channel. The predicted MOD-1 protein is similar to members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family of ligand-gated ion channels, in particular to GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)- and glycine-gated chloride channels. The MOD-1 channel has distinctive ion selectivity and pharmacological properties. The reversal potential of the MOD-1 channel is dependent on the concentration of chloride ions but not of cations. The MOD-1 channel is not blocked by calcium ions or 5-HT3a-specific antagonists but is inhibited by the metabotropic 5-HT receptor antagonists mianserin and methiothepin. mod-1 mutant animals are defective in a 5-HT-mediated experience-dependent behaviour3 and are resistant to exogenous 5-HT, confirming that MOD-1 functions as a 5-HT receptor in vivo.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—CONGENITAL LOBAR EMPHYSEMA IN A DOG

A 14-week-old female West Highland White Terrier developed acute dyspnea. Radiographically there was an enlarged, hyperlucent caudal portion of the left cranial lung lobe and a diffuse, severe interstitial-to-alveolar pattern in the remaining lung lobes that was accentuated caudodorsally. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of the emphysematous lobe and further showed it to have focal lobar bronchial collapse. Lung lobe resection was performed, and the diagnosis was congenital lobar emphysema secondary to bronchial cartilage hypoplasia.