cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
¿Entablar amistad entre las mujeres líderes? El más alto techo de cristal, aún intacto en los Estados Unidos

In summer, 2016, feminist scholars in the USA celebrated, as Hillary Clinton became the first woman selected by a major political party (Democratic), to run for president of the USA. They also watched in horror as members of the Republican party chanted at their summer convention “Lock her up!” Everyone agreed that Clinton was highly qualified with thirty plus years of experience working on behalf of women and children in the USA. Concerns expressed were about her trustworthiness. Clinton’s platform was one of unity and inclusion, while the Republican party and their candidate Trump’s platform was one of fear and hate for “others” (non-white Americans). It was depressing during the fall campaign to realize the only reason a woman might be elected president was because the person she was running against was so corrupt and inexperienced, racist, and clearly misogynist. November 9, 2016 brought the USA, and the world, the shock and horror of learning that Hillary Clinton lost the presidential election to Donald Trump, even though she won the popular vote by close to three million more votes. I plan to consider this election as a current example of the horizontal violence that (white) women perpetrate on each other. Through this example, I will offer an extension of my earlier work analyzing the treatment of women faculty in higher education by other women. It seems clear that women still struggle with efforts to befriend rather than perpetrate horizontal violence on each other.
A Comparison of Two Herbaceous Cover Sampling Methods to Assess Ecosystem Services in High-Shrub Rangelands: Photography-Based Grid Point Intercept (GPI) Versus Quadrat Sampling

On the Ground • We used photography-based grid point intercept (GPI) analysis and Daubenmire to assess ecosystem services in high-shrub rangelands. • Cover estimates were higher for some functional groups when using Daubenmire, likely because Daubenmire frames were situated below the shrub canopy and thus included subcanopy cover, whereas GPI photographs taken above the canopy could not eliminate shrubs that obscured subcanopy attributes. • Choice of methods affected assessment of two ecosystem services: sage-grouse habitat quality and site biodiversity; each was higher when using Daubenmire. • Understanding cover-estimate differences that stem from using GPI photo plots versus Daubenmire will allow practitioners to decide if GPI methods address project objectives.
Not Parking Lots but Parks: A Joint Association of Parks and Transit Stations with Travel Behavior

Urban design literature says that public open space in a station area could promote walking and other types of physical activity, enhance place attractiveness, and increase property values. In the context of station areas, however, there is a lack of empirical studies on the relationship between the presence of parks and sustainable travel behavior, which is one of the primary goals of transit-oriented developments (TODs). This study examined the impact of park provision on transit users' mode choice in three U.S. regions: Atlanta (GA), Boston (MA), and Portland (OR). This study utilized multilevel multinomial logistic regression to account for hierarchical data structures-trips nested within station areas-and multiple travel modes-automobiles, transit, and walking. After controlling for the built environment and trip attributes, this study showed that when there was a park, people were more likely to walk or take transit to access or egress a transit station. A transit station having a park nearby may provide a more pleasant first-mile/last-mile travel experience. This paper demonstrated that station areas need to incorporate more public space, an overlooked element in current TOD plans.
Regional Differences in the Cost and Utilization of Nonoperative Management Within 3 Months Prior to Lumbar Microdiscectomy

Study Design.Retrospective cohort study.Objective.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the regional variations in the use of nonoperative therapies in patients diagnosed with a lumbar intervertebral disc herniation 3 months prior to undergoing microdiscectomy surgery.Summary of Backgrou
Dissecting the defects in the neonatal CD8+ T-cell response

The neonatal period presents a complex scenario where the threshold of reactivity toward colonizing microbiota, maternal antigens, autoantigens, and pathogens must be carefully moderated and balanced. CD8+ T cells are critical for the response against intracellular bacteria and viruses, but this immune compartment maintains altered function relative to adult counterparts because of the unique challenges which infants face. Here, we review our current understanding of the factors which may promote the attenuation and altered function of the neonatal CD8+ T-cell response and potential avenues for future study. Specifically, we have focused on the neonatal CD8+ T-cell ontogeny, memory formation, TCR structure and repertoire, TCR inhibitory receptors, and the clinical implications of altered neonatal CD8+ T-cell function. Special emphasis has been placed on examining the response of preterm neonates relative to term neonates and adults.
Orbital Vasculitides-Differential Diagnosis

The orbit is subject to a variety of vascular insults that manifest with both specific and nonspecific patterns of vision compromise. The aim of the following review is to highlight the ophthalmic clinical features of systemic vasculitides that most frequently involve the orbit and differentiate them from the most common non-vasculitic orbital disorders. New studies continue to explore the autoimmune nature of vasculitic disease and seek to determine optimal use of newer therapies such as biologic agents. The pattern of ocular involvement in the context of clinical history allows the knowledgeable physician to distill a differential diagnosis into a specific or likely cause. Establishing a diagnosis in a timely fashion allows for a custom-tailored approach to therapy.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Profile of Semen and Seminal Plasma in Varicocele

Proteomics and metabolomics are now the promising omics techniques for biomarker screening providing complete information on molecular and metabolic processes associated with male infertility. Varicocele is a hot topic of interest in the field of male infertility, and a search for appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker is still continuing. In this chapter, we discuss the proteomic profile in sperm and seminal plasma of varicocele patients and present an in-depth look into the metabolomic studies associated with male infertility.
Think Inside the Box: the Heterogeneity of "in Risk" Among "at Risk" Female African American Adolescents in North Carolina.

An abundance of research investigates the health of often referred to as “at risk” or “high risk” youth from underserved communities and usually racial/ethnic minorities. These ubiquitous terms relate to poverty, violence, and unsafe behaviors (e.g., sex without condoms, alcohol, and drug use). This analysis distinguished the heterogeneity of risks among African American female adolescents recruited for an intervention study from underserved communities in North Carolina. Eligibility included: ages 16–19, considered or dropped out of school, never completed high school, and during the past 3 months had sex with a male partner and used drugs or alcohol. A variable was created to represent the continuum of risk comprised of history of homelessness, or trading sex, or current heavy alcohol and marijuana use. Participants fell into 0, 1, or 2–3 categories. Ordinal logistic regression estimated the odds of adverse poor outcomes by category. Linear regression estimated reduction in material and emotional support by category. Of the 237 participants, 59.5%, 27.8%, and 12.7% were in 0, 1, or 2–3 categories, respectively. Relative to adolescents in 0 categories, participants in other categories were more likely to report food insecurity (OR = 3.27, 95%CI [1.8, 5.94]); past arrest (OR = 3.56 [2.08, 6.09]); run away (OR = 3.30 [1.79, 6.10]); multiple sex partners (2.97 [1.61, 5.48]); and vaginal/anal sexual abuse (OR = 3.21[1.73, 5.96]). Material and emotional support was significantly lower for participants in 2–3 risk categories. Vague use of “at risk” fails to recognize the heterogeneity of experiences and needs of underserved African American youth.
Biomimetic detection of dynamic signatures in foliage echoes.

Certain bat species (familyRhinolophidae) dynamically deform their emission baffles (noseleaves) and reception baffles (pinnae) during echolocation. Prior research using numerical models, laboratory characterizations, and experiments with simple targets have suggested that this dynamics may manifest itself in time-variant echo signatures. Since the pronounced random nature of echoes from natural targets such as foliage has not been reflected in these experiments, we have collected a large number (>55 000) of foliage echoes outdoors with a sonar head that mimics the dynamic periphery in bats. The echo data was processed with a custom auditory processing model to create spike-based echo representations. Deep-learning classifiers were able to estimate the dynamic state of the periphery, i.e., static or dynamic, based on single echoes with accuracies of up to 80%. This suggests that the effects of the peripheral dynamics are present in the bat brains and could hence be used by the animals. The best classification performances were obtained for data obtained within a spatially confined area. Hence, if the bat brains suffer from the same generalization issues, they would have to have a way to adapt their neural echo processing to such local fluctuations to exploit the dynamic effects successfully.
X-Ray Sources

The study of the X-ray emission from M31 is a young field, having its beginnings in the mid-1970’s. By 1991, however, a fairly good understanding of the various sources is at hand. The importance of these sources is the result of the happy fact that M31 is a normal, high-luminosity galaxy; it therefore provides a good opportunity to study the X-ray emission in detail, allowing a better understanding of X-rays from more distant galaxies.
Dilute Pd-in-Au alloy RCT-SiO2 catalysts for enhanced oxidative methanol coupling

Abstract Dilute alloy catalysts have the potential to enhance selectivity and activity for large-scale reactions. Highly dilute Pd-in-Au nanoparticle alloys partially embedded in porous silica (“raspberry colloid templated” (RCT)-SiO2) prove to be robust and selective catalysts for oxidative coupling of methanol. Palladium concentrations in the bimetallic nanoparticles as low as ~3.4 at.% catalyze the production of methyl formate with a selectivity of ~95% at conversions of ~55%, whereas conversions are low (
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during high-risk airway interventions.

Objectives Practice patterns for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during high-risk airway interventions vary, and data are limited. We aim to characterize our recent experience using ECMO for procedural support during whole-lung lavage (WLL) and high-risk bronchoscopy for central airway obstruction (CAO). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults who received ECMO during WLL and high-risk bronchoscopy from 1 July 2018 to 30 March 2020. Our primary end point was successful completion of the intervention. Secondary end points included ECMO-associated complications and hospital survival. Results Eight patients received venovenous ECMO for respiratory support during 9 interventions; 3 WLLs for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis were performed in 2 patients, and 6 patients underwent 6 bronchoscopic interventions for CAO. We initiated ECMO prior to the intervention in 8 cases and during the intervention in 1 case for respiratory decompensation. All 9 interventions were successfully completed. Median ECMO duration was 17.8 h (interquartile range, 15.9-26.6) for the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis group and 1.9 h (interquartile range, 1.4-8.1) for the CAO group. There was 1 cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis; there were no other ECMO complications. Seven patients (87.5%) and 4 (50.0%) patients survived to discharge and 1 year postintervention, respectively. Conclusions Use of venovenous ECMO to facilitate high-risk airway interventions is safe and feasible. Planned preprocedural ECMO initiation may prevent avoidable respiratory emergencies and extend therapeutic airway interventions to patients otherwise considered too high risk to treat. Guidelines are needed to inform the utilization of ECMO during high-risk bronchoscopy and other airway interventions.
Effect of feeding heat-treated colostrum on risk for infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, milk production and longevity in Holstein dairy cows

Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is one of the most economically important infectious diseases of U.S. dairy cattle. Colostrum is an important source of protective immunoglobulins (IgG) but can be a source of exposure to important pathogens including MAP. Several years ago, we developed a colostrum heat-treatment (HT) protocol (60 QC x 60 min) which preserved important colostral IgG while eliminating most common pathogens and significantly reducing MAP in inoculation studies. Short-term studies reported that calves fed HT colostrum had improved serum IgG levels and reduced morbidity in the preweaning period as compared to calves fed fresh colostrum. However, research has been lacking to investigate whether calves fed HT colostrum also experienced longer term benefits including reduced risk for infection with MAP. The objective of this study was to complete a multi-herd randomized field study to describe the effect of feeding HT colostrum on long-term outcomes including transmission of MAP, milk production and longevity within the herd.
Joint Flexibility in Steel Frames

This paper investigates the effects of connection flexibility and panel zone deformation on the behavior of plane steel frames. The incorporation of these factors in frame analysis will be discussed. The behavior of flexibly-connected frames will be enumerated by numerical examples.
Role of an arginine-lysine rich motif in maturation and trafficking of CD19.

Abstract Normal expression of CD19 on the surface of B cells requires the presence of the tetraspanin molecule CD81. Previous studies have shown that surface expression of CD19 is highly reduced in CD81-deficient mouse B cells and that it is completely absent in an antibody deficient human patient with a mutation in the CD81 gene. The current study explored the contribution of an arginine–lysine rich motif, present in the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic domain of CD19, for the maturation and trafficking of this molecule. We demonstrate that this motif plays a role in the maturation and recycling of CD19 but in a CD81-independent manner.
What Went Right

My path to medicine was unremarkable. My parents loved me. My siblings irritated me. We lived in a working class neighborhood in Philadelphia where factory jobs and union membership were the common currency of everyday life. For immigrant parents with hopes of a better life for their children, there was only one path: success at school and a life in law or medicine. My brother chose law. I chose medicine.
More drugs hobble restless legs syndrome

Rotigotine, a investigational dopamine agonist, is being studied for treatment of restless legs syndrome.
The Helicobacter pylori cag Pathogenicity Island

The cag pathogenicity island is a well-characterized virulence determinant. It is composed of 32 genes that encode a type IV bacterial secretion system and is linked with a more severe clinical outcome. The following chapters will explore the manipulation of bacterial factors in order to understand their role in gastric mucosal disease.
High Definition Body Sculpting: Art and Advanced Lipoplasty Techniques

Alfredo E. Hoyos and Peter M. Prendergast. High Definition Body Sculpting: Art and Advanced Lipoplasty Techniques . New York, NY: Springer, 2014. ISBN-10: 3642548903, ISBN-13: 978-3642548901, $159.00. ![Graphic][1] High Definition Body Sculpting, written by Drs Alfredo Hoyos and Peter Prendergast, is a 238-page textbook that integrates artistic and anatomic concepts to provide a well-rounded, sophisticated approach to body contouring surgery. Both authors have published their experience previously in print and aesthetic journals, and here provide expanded detail on techniques developed by Dr Hoyos and adopted by Dr Prendergast. The authors encourage readers to take basic liposuction to the next level in skill by adding technology and fat grafting techniques to provide patients with a more “complete” transformation. This text is a well-written and elegantly illustrated work that is useful for plastic surgeons interested in improving their overall patient satisfaction and outcomes in cosmetic body contouring surgery. The book is broken up into four parts and progresses logically from an artistic and scientific background of human muscle and fat, to step-by-step male and female intraoperative techniques, to postoperative considerations and outcomes. Part I discusses an artistic approach to considering the human form, the evolution of what culture views as aesthetically pleasing, and the basic concepts of their advanced liposculpture technique. The authors then progress to a … Corresponding Author: Dr Megan C. Jack, 4800 N. Federal Highway, C101, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA. E-mail: drjack{at}sanctuarymedical.com [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Accelerating Large-Scale Single-Source Shortest Path on FPGA

Many real-world problems can be represented as graphs and solved by graph traversal algorithms. Single-Source Shortest Path (SSSP) is a fundamental graph algorithm. Today, large-scale graphs involve millions or even billions of vertices, making efficient parallel graph processing challenging. In this paper, we propose a single-FPGA based design to accelerate SSSP for massive graphs. We adopt the well-known Bellman-Ford algorithm. In the proposed design, graph is stored in external memory, which is more realistic for processing large scale graphs. Using the available external memory bandwidth, our design achieves the maximum data parallelism to concurrently process multiple edges in each clock cycle, regardless of data dependencies. The performance of our design is independent of the graph structure as well. We propose a optimized data layout to enable efficient utilization of external memory bandwidth. We prototype our design using a state-of-the-art FPGA. Experimental results show that our design is capable of processing 1.6 billion edges per second (GTEPS) using a single FPGA, while simultaneously achieving high clock rate of over 200 MHz. This would place us in the 131st position of the Graph 500 benchmark list of supercomputing systems for data intensive applications. Our solution therefore provides comparable performance to state-of-the-art systems.
Deciphering Orientation and Rotational Information of Cargoes at Pauses During Axonal Transport

The study of axonal transport is essential in learning motor protein working mechanisms and neuronal functions. Direct visualization of the transport events in living neurons has led to the current understanding of the mechanism of axonal transport. However, the mechanism for generating the pauses in the transit of cargoes is still largely unknown, mainly because the molecular or nanoparticle probes used in the previous studies could not reveal the orientation and rotational information of the cargo at the pausing moments. Recently, we introduced the single particle orientation and rotational tracking (SPORT) technique to follow the rotational motion of plasmonic gold nanorods (References: 1. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 16417. 2. ACS Nano, 2010, 4, 7667. 3. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 5720.). In the present work, we acquired for the first time the orientation and rotational information of the cargo during both the moving (directional transport) and pausing stages of axonal transport with a high temporal resolution of 2 ms. The lateral and rotational motions of cargos during directional transport and pausing stages are elucidated, and their relationship with motor protein competition and regulation is discussed. The simultaneous tracking of lateral movement and rotational motions of nano-objects also shadows a new insight into the dynamic function of living cells.
The mentor role: is training necessary?

Currently in the United States, an estimated 30% of new teachers leave the profession within three years (Darling‐Hammond, 2003). One way to increase the retention rate is to train constituents inv...
The Trigeminal Evoked Potential: Part II. Intraoperative Recording of Short-Latency Responses

Short-latency (< 10 msec) trigeminal evoked potentials were studied intraoperatively in 31 patients under general anesthesia. Stimulation was performed peripherally in the face as well as centrally at the trigeminal nerve root entry zone. Recordings were made directly from the trigeminal root entry zone and far field from the scalp. Two principal negative deflections were noted, N1.6 and N2.6; and two waves that were less constantly identified were N.9 and N4-6. The latencies of these responses necessitated an extra-axial origin. It was concluded that this technique provided the ability to monitor the integrity of the extra-axial trigeminal nerve, but not the central trigeminal circuitry.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Chemically Grafted Polyetherimides

Covalent attachment of a non-fluorinated polyetherimide onto the surface of carboxylic acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been achieved via grafting reactions. This confirms for the first time that the grafting reaction occurs at the nanotube surface when the carboxylic acid-functionalized MWNTs react with the polyetherimide with amine-terminated groups, through both amide and imide linkages formed at the interface between the carbon nanotubes and the polyetherimide. Additionally, an increase in the average molecular weight is detected in gel permeation chromatography when the polyetherimide is chemically attached onto the nanotubes. More interestingly, the chemical bonding at the interface provides much better interfacial adhesion and mechanical stress transfer, evidenced by a significant improvement in mechanical properties. As a result of the chemical attachment, the carbon nanotube-reinforced polyetherimide composite films have enhanced electrical conductivity, thermal deform...
A Systematic Research Synthesis of the Various Adaptive Strategies Utilized by Dual-Income Couples

ABSTRACT This article uses systematic research synthesis to review and critique the nonempirical and empirical literature on the various adaptive strategies of dual-income couples who are working to achieve balance in their marital, work, and family lives. The examination of such research-based adaptive strategies can inform therapists so that they may assist families who have become overburdened by balancing personal life with two jobs. Since increasing numbers of clients are maintaining a dual-income lifestyle, it may provide therapists with insight into the concerns, benefits, and management strategies that are particular to dual-career partners and their families.
Alumni to the Rescue: Black College Alumni and Their Historical Impact on Alma Mater

Throughout their history many black colleges, also referred to as Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), have struggled to maintain financial footing. This paper explores the history of alumni involvement in HBCUs and highlights their importance for future success.
The trouble with caring: A review of eight arguments against an ethic of care

Caring represents a large social movement that includes, but is not limited to, nursing. Some nurse scholars and feminists believe that caring can be used as the basis of a caring ethic, but critics argue that caring is not enough. This article reviews eight of the major arguments against a caring ethic and explores responses and alternatives to the arguments
Effect of X-rays on the Incubation Period, Sexual Development, and Egg-laying in White and Brown Leghorn Chickens

Abstract MANY roentgenologists are inclined towards the view that x-rays in any dosage is destructive to the living cell. However, beneficial effects of x-rays on the developing chick embryo have been reported by Gilman and Baetjer (1903-04), Colwell, Gladstone and Wakely (1922) and Moppett (1932). In an effort to ascertain more clearly the destructive as well as the stimulating qualities of Roentgen rays, we have rayed a large number of hen’s eggs at different stages of incubation and with various dosages. The chicks from eggs so treated have been studied before and after hatching. Many of them have been raised to maturity in order that latent effects of x-rays may be observed. All eggs were placed in the incubator before irradiation; the age of the embryos varying from 19 to 243 hours incubation when x-rayed. The young chicks were started indoors in a battery brooder and at 4 to 5 weeks . . .
A model-based clustering approach to the recognition of the spatial defect patterns produced during semiconductor fabrication

Defects on semiconductor wafers tend to cluster and the spatial defect patterns of these defect clusters contain valuable information about potential problems in the manufacturing processes. This study proposes a model-based clustering algorithm for automatic spatial defect recognition on semiconductor wafers. A mixture model is proposed to model the distributions of defects on wafer surfaces. The proposed algorithm can find the number of defect clusters and identify the pattern of each cluster automatically. It is capable of detecting defect clusters with linear patterns, curvilinear patterns and ellipsoidal patterns. Promising results have been obtained from simulation studies.
Is the holocaust relevant to sociobiology

Sociobiologists have emphasized that altruism and benevolent behavior are part of the genetic repertoire of most animals and certainly of man. They have constructed a theory of “ethics” as a biological phenomenon without reference to the concept of evil. It is concluded here however, that holocaust behavior is not equivalent to the “natural manifestation of an incompletely tamed animal flashing its teeth.” Biologists have been too rigid in trying to equate “ethical behavior” with “social behavior.” The added dimension of ethical behavior is a special kind of sensitivity to the needs of others, just as evil is the total lack of it. The evolution of this moral sense may itself have important selective value for the human species, whose survival depends on creating maximal diversity in its gene pool.
Saturated amine fluorescence quenching in non-polar solution by various organic molecules

Abstract The fluorescence quenching of a prototype saturated amine N,N-diethylmethylamine (DEMA) was examined in n-hexane solution at 25 °C by measuring the quencher concentration dependence of the DEMA fluorescence lifetime. The quenchers studied included N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetic acid, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, 2-butyne, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetramethylethylene, perfluorocyclohexane, n-propyl bromide and oxygen. In all cases, within the respective quencher concentration ranges studied, no evidence of exciplex fluorescence was obtained; moreover, with the exception of oxygen, linear Stern-Volmer kinetics were observed. DEMA fluorescence quenching by these molecules is generally discussed in terms of possible energy transfer and electron (or charge) transfer mechanisms, although hydrogen bonding is considered for the acetic acid system. It was found that, even for those molecules for which energy transfer is highly improbable, efficient quenching is observed if the quencher molecule is polar (e.g. DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO and n-propyl bromide). In general, non-polar molecules having high-lying S1 states are inefficient quenchers, perfluorocyclohexane being an exception. Finally, quenching by molecular oxygen and by a secondary amine is mentioned. Complications arising from the ground state association between the amine and oxygen are discussed. The intermolecular quenching by a secondary amine is used to rationalize the very weak emissivity of N-methylpiperazine.
Mesolimbic dopamine and early post-6-OHDA lesion enhanced responses to d-amphetamine

Bilateral lesions of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) reliably produce an attenuated response to amphetamine's locomotor stimulatory effects when administered after two weeks of surgical recovery. Several studies have revealed enhanced amphetamine-induced hyperactivity during the first postlesion week, however. In the present study, animals with bilateral 6-OHDA lesions of nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle DA showed an exaggerated response to 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine during this early period but were hypoactive in the absence of drug treatment. Neurochemical assay at 5 days revealed increased DA metabolism in the tubercle. Shifting patterns of postlesion amphetamine response under conditions of reduced mesolimbic DA are suggestive of dynamic adaptations in nondopaminergic systems.
Mixtures of Stearoyl-6-O-ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol: A Monolayer Study at the Gas/Water Interface

In the recent past the antioxidant properties of vitamin C, vitamin E, and their derivatives have been extensively studied, particularly for their peculiar activity as radical scavengers. Furthermore, the association of vitamin C with vitamin E shows an interesting synergic effect in preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fatty compounds such as linoleic acid, with vitamin C acting as a protective shield for vitamin E in solution against oxidizing agents. Vitamin C derivatives, such as its alkanoyl-6-O-ascorbic acid esters, act even better than ascorbic acid itself, because they possess the amphiphilic structure that allows the molecule to enter the hydrophobic region of a micelle or of a liposome. In order to deepen the understanding of the vitamin C/vitamin E mixed system and of the role played by ascorbic acid in restoring tocopherols, the miscibility properties of ascorbic acid derivatives and of tocopherols need to be studied in all states of aggregation (Langmuir monolayers, micellar dispersions, v...
The child care worker as a role model

Several years ago, while working in an institution for emotionally disturbed children, I heard a housefather "raising Cain" with a 10-year old boy who had just broken a chair in a fit of temper. The housefather was angrily shouting, "By God Freddy, you better learn to control your temper, or I'll know the reason why!" With that blast, he spun around, stormed into his apartment, and slammed the door behind him. This housefather was a perfect example of the old saying, "Do as I say, not as I do." Freddy needed to learn to control his temper but unfortunately the man who was supposed to teach him how was a very poor model of self-control. "Role modeling" is a technical term for learning by imitation. Children learn to speak by imitating their parents; a medical student learns to play his role in an operation by watching a skilled surgeon, and so forth. Obviously, the medical student also learns about surgery by reading books, attending lectures, and dissecting a frog, but the opportunity for him to observe a skilled practitioner in action is one of the best ways for him to learn his craft. The purpose of this paper is to set forth some of the major ideas about role modeling that have been studied, and to suggest ways in
Convergent and discriminant validation of a children's life satisfaction scale: Its relationship to self- and teacher-reported psychological problems and school functioning

Two studies are reported that provide additional validity evidence for the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS: Huebner, 1991a). In the first study, evidence for the convergent validity of the SLSS is provided by significant negative correlations with measures of depression and loneliness and a significant positive correlation with a measure of self-esteem. Additionally, as evidence of discriminant validity, the SLSS failed to differentiate a normally achieving group of students from a group of at risk students. In the second study, the pattern of correlations between the SLSS, selected demographic variables, IQ scores, and a measure of teacher-reported school behavior problems provided evidence of cross-method convergent and discriminant validity. The SLSS was also able to differentiate a group of emotionally handicapped students from non-emotionally handicapped students. The implications of the findings for further study of the subjective well-being of children are discussed briefly.
Perspective: Transforming medical education through informatics

In the United States and around the world there have been massive changes in the way that health care is evolving – the way that we deliver care, the models of care, the concept of the interprofessional team, the system of care as a network that extends increasingly outside of the hospital much more than in, population and global care, and evidence-based medicine. We are challenged to keep up with our education system’s "adaptivity" in this dynamic environment. At the same time the disruptive effects of technology advances are dramatically accelerating and will challenge the way that healthcare providers, schools teaching young doctors, and patients themselves will experience and understand clinical data. There are emerging technologies that will be implemented around the world, almost instantly; whereas, these analogs in the past took decades to spread globally.
Regulation of the NF-κB-inducing Kinase by Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor 3-induced Degradation

The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors plays a pivotal role in regulation of diverse biological processes, including immune responses, cell growth, and apoptosis. Activation of NF-kappaB is mediated by both canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. Although the canonical pathway has been extensively studied, the mechanism mediating the noncanonical pathway is still poorly understood. Recent studies have identified the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) as a key component of the noncanonical pathway of NF-kappaB activation; however, how the signaling function of NIK is regulated remains unknown. We report here that one important mechanism of NIK regulation is through its dynamic interaction with the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). TRAF3 physically associates with NIK via a specific sequence motif located in the N-terminal region of NIK; this molecular interaction appears to target NIK for degradation by the proteasome. Interestingly, induction of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling by extracellular signals involves degradation of TRAF3 and the concomitant enhancement of NIK expression. These results suggest that induction of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling may involve the rescue of NIK from TRAF3-mediated negative regulation.
Advanced photomask fabrication process to increase pattern reliability for sub-20nm node

As technical advances continue, the pattern size of semiconductor circuit has been shrunk. So the field of the photomask needs the processing more strictly. It is critical to the photomask which contained considerably shrank circuit and ultra high density pattern for sub-20 nm tech device, although a small defect is negligible in the conventional process. Even if some defect can be repaired, it is not satisfied with a strict pattern specification. Stricter fabrication process and pattern specification increase the manufacture cost. Furthermore, EUV photomask manufacture cost is several times expensive than the conventional photomask. Therefore the effort to decrease defects is important for the photomask fabrication process. In addition, when defects are generated, it is obviously important that the repaired patterns have better pattern reliability. In this paper, we studied about advanced processes that control and remove hard defects minutely .on ArF attenuated phase-shift mask. This study was accomplished for 4 areas. First of all, we developed advanced Mosi etch process. Defects are generated under this etch process are not fatal. The thickness of hard defects were controlled thinner under this etch process compared with conventional etch process. Secondly, we studied cleaning process that has good performance on Cr : MoSi surface and a poor hydrophilic contrast to control side effect by etch process. Thirdly, we made inspection technique for detecting thin thickness hard defects. Lastly, we researched a repair technology that is effective in hard defects of thin thickness. The performance of the repaired pattern was verified by AIMS. In this study, it is researched that control shape, properties of defects to prepare a reliable repair and improved repaired photomask pattern reliability by 30% over.
Locating Information on Psychological and Educational Tests

Users expect librarians to help locate information about psychological and educational tests including critiques or reviews of tests, discussions about test development and application, and copies of the test forms. Locating information on tests can represent a difficult challenge to a librarian not trained in tests and measurement. Tests appear in multiple sources and, except for a relatively few well-hown tests, are not indexed by name. In addition, tests are frequently referred to by initials or short forms. Issues such as test publication, reliability, and validity are not routinely discussed in the library education curriculum. This article is a guide to locating information about tests by name, subject, and source in print and online databases. Establishing a library collection of tests is also discussed.
The behavioral pain response to heelstick in preterm neonates studied longitudinally: description, development, determinants, and components.

Abstract Objectives Preterm infants often experience multiple painful procedures during their stay in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The objectives of this study were to evaluate behavioral responses to heelstick in preterm newborns, characterize developmental changes and the effects of other demographic and clinical variables on the pain response, and estimate the contributions of individual Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) behaviors to the summary pain score. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the behavioral responses of 35 preterm newborns to multiple heelstick procedures during their stay in the NICU. Sixty-one video recordings of blood collection by heel lance were evaluated for behavioral pain response using the NIPS. Generalized linear mixed models were calculated to address the study objectives. Results The increases in NIPS scores from the baseline to the blood draw were highly significant (mean baseline score = 3.34, mean blood draw score = 5.45, p p = 0.002). Lower NIPS scores during the heelstick procedure were associated with four clinical variables: younger post-menstrual age at birth, lower birthweight, mechanical ventilation, and longer length of stay in the NICU. Crying, arousal state, and facial grimace contributed more than 85% of the increase in NIPS scores during the heelstick procedure. Discussion While behavioral responses to pain are attenuated in young, severely ill preterm newborns, they can be reliably detected. The most robust pain behaviors are crying, changes in arousal state, and facial grimacing.
SIMD architecture for the Alopex neural network

The Alopex process is a biologically-influenced computational paradigm that uses a stochastic procedure to find the global optimum of linear and nonlinear functions. Unlike other neural networks, it is not a connectionist network with dense interconnections, and may be implemented in digital VLSI since the processing at the neuronal processing element (PE) level is simple and all PEs can be operated in synchrony. The Alopex algorithm uses the Boltzmann probability distribution function to generate probabilities of taking positive or negative steps away from its current position on the path toward the global optimal solution. Extensive simulations have verified the use of Alopex for solving a variety of problems. We present evaluation results of the effect of approximations, simplifications and level quantizations on the algorithm to yield simple, space-efficient and fast processing elements and other units. These modifications are necessary in order to implement Alopex in digital VLSI. Initial hardware modeling studies have involved a 4x4 array of neuronal PEs arranged for a Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD) architecture. The model incorporates several digitally implementable solutions, such as a simpler Boltzmann probability density function (with a six-bit computation window), a binary annealing schedule, and a simpler cost function. Algorithmic simulations with an efficient image-processing system are described to support the feasibility and superiority of these modifications.
Preoperative embolization of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to correlate the effectiveness of preoperative embolization with the blood loss and transfusion requirement during surgery for bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Twenty-eight preoperative embolizations in 26 patients with renal cell carcinoma metastatic to bone were retrospectively evaluated and divided into two groups: Group A included the embolizations that resulted in complete devascularization of the lesion as defined by the post-embolization arteriograms, and group B included those with an incomplete result. The two groups were compared with regard to blood loss and transfusion requirement during surgery, by unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test. Where complete embolization was effected (group A, 10 cases), there was a mean blood loss of 535 ± 390 ml. When a less than complete embolization was achieved (group B, 18 cases), the mean blood loss was 1.247 ± 1.047 ml (p = 0.049). The red blood cell transfusion in group A was 1.3 ± 1 units, whereas in group B it was 2.4 ± 1.2 (p = 0.03). Preoperative embolization of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma with subsequent complete devascularization leads to significant reduction of blood loss during surgery. Interventional radiologists should pursue and embolize every feeder to the metastasis, because any less than complete devascularization increases the amount of blood loss and the amount of red blood cell transfusion during surgery.
Thinking in a brand new way: Exploring the epistemology of nanotechnology researchers

This paper investigates the modes of thinking that may be required to understand the concepts central to nanotechnology. Six senior scientists at a large Midwestern university were interviewed to uncover their way of thinking about nanotechnology. The semi-structured interviewers were coded and analyzed to identify the researchers' underlying concepts, ideas, and ways of thinking about nanoscale phenomena. In addition to confirming that previously identified concepts such as self-assembly are important for understanding nanoscience, interviews also pointed out that the concept of “defect” has a whole new meaning in nanomaterials. System thinking was also identified as central to understanding the nanoscale world.
Growth mechanism and properties of ZnO nanorods synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Uniformly distributed ZnO nanorods have been grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a two-step process. By controlling the oxygen content in the gas mixture during the nucleation and growth steps, no catalyst is required for the formation of ZnO nanorods. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies show that ZnO nanorods are single crystals and that they grow along the c axis of the crystal plane. Alignment of these nanorods with respect to the substrates depends on the lattice mismatch between ZnO and the substrate, the surface electric field, and the amount of defects in the starting nuclei. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements of these ZnO nanorods have shown ultraviolet peaks at 380 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 106 meV, which are comparable to those found in high-quality ZnO films. Photoluminescence measurements of annealed ZnO nanorods in hydrogen and oxygen atmospheres indicate that the origins of green emission are oxygen vacancies and zinc inter...
Lightning synthesis of organic compounds on Jupiter

Abstract The production of distinctive disequilibrium species in high-temperature shock waves is considered from an energetic viewpoint in order to assess the production of CO, HCN, CH 2 O, and hydrocarbons by lightning discharges on Jupiter. The maximum efficiency of production of these species is found to be ∼2 × 10 −14 g · erg −1 for shock to the CH 4 /CO boundary (where p CO = p CH 4 ) at pressures below ∼100 b. Using Jupiter's entire internal heat source of 0.9 × 10 4 ergs · cm −2 · sec −1 to make lightning with the same efficiency as on Earth (10 −5 erg lightning per erg of total energy flux) produces ∼ 2 × 10 −15 g · cm −2 · sec −1 of CO, 2 × 10 −17 g · sec −1 of HCN, and ∼2 × 10 −19 g · cm −2 · sec −1 of organic matter. Photochemical and thermochemical sources of CO and N 2 , the dominant disequilibrium shockwave products, are far larger than the lightning source. The steady-state mole fraction of the most abundant distinctive lightning product, HCN, near the 300°K level is predicted to be only ∼3 × 10 −17 . Even if every erg of Jupiter's heat flux is used with perfect efficiency to shock gas to the optimum ( P , T ) conditions for efficient HCN synthesis, X HCN from this source is only ∼3 × 10 −12 . Lightning synthesis is of negligible importance on Jupiter.
Isolated precocious menstruation in primary hypothyroidism

Abstract A 9-year-old fully prepubertal girl had monthly recurring lower abdominal pain and one episode of vaginal bleeding. She had a small goiter and was biochemically hypothyroid. On thyroid replacement therapy the abdominal cramping disappeared and no bleeding recurred.
Numerical Analysis of a Multi-Row Multi-Column Compact Heat Exchanger

apacheco@calstatela.eduAbstract. In the present study we carry out three-dimensional ﬂuid ﬂow and heat transfersimulations on the external side of a compact heat exchanger to analyze the interaction betweenthe ﬂuid and its geometry. The overall objective is to use the resulting information for thedesign of more compact devices. The type of heat exchanger considered here is the commonplain-ﬁn and tube, with air ﬂowing over the tubes and water as the inner-tube ﬂuid. Two heatexchanger conﬁgurations, in which the tube arrangement is either in-line or staggered, conformthe basic geometries. The size of the heat exchanger –regardless of the type of arrangement–which serves as the baseline for the parametric analysis, is deﬁned by ﬁxing its length; i.e.,the number of rows in the ﬂow direction. For the two heat exchanger conﬁgurations examinedhere, the dimensional form of the governing equations, along with the corresponding boundaryconditions, are solved under speciﬁc ﬂow and temperature values using a ﬁnite element methodto compute the velocity, pressure and temperature ﬁelds. From these, the heat transfer rate andpressure drop are then calculated. The computations are performed for a range in the valuesof the Reynolds number within the laminar regime. For all cases considered, results from thisinvestigation indicate that the geometrical arrangement plays a major role in the amount ofheat being exchanged and that, for a given device, the length needed to exchange 99% of thecorresponding amount of energy that may be transferred by the baseline model, is conﬁned toless than 30% of the size of the original device.