cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embodied Design Cognition: Action-Based Formalizations in Architectural Design

This paper frames design knowledge as formalizable physical actions that can more fully exploit future design tools and production methods. As computational design tools become more physically interactive and integrated into our environment we need new research frameworks to develop theories of physical design action as a form of knowledge. Symbolic theories of design knowledge traditionally frame design activity as a mental process and as a result researchers have not fully explored the potential for bodily-based computational design knowledge. We present an action-based design notation drawing inspiration from music performance theory to illustrate how this may impact design research. We discuss findings from situated cognition in cognitive science as an alternative framework for exploring and expanding design knowledge. We conclude with suggestions for future work in robotic-aided design cognition.
Understanding Chlorite and Chlorate Formation Associated with Hypochlorite Generation at Boron Doped Diamond Film Anodes

This is a copy of an article published in the Journal of The Electrochemical Society © 2014 Electrochemical Society Publications.
β-Catenin expression in thymocytes accelerates thymic involution

Age-related thymic involution in mammals is accompanied by decreased generation of naive T cells without significant reduction in the number of peripheral T cells. This leads to inefficient immune responses and inadequate combating of infections and other challenges to the immune system in older mammals. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon are not known. In this report we show that expression of β-catenin in thymocytes enhances thymic involution. The effect of β-catenin expression is seen in all the thymic sub-populations, suggesting that an age-related developmental process is accelerated. We also show that, as in normal mice, thymic involution does not lead to a drastic reduction in splenic T cells in β-catenin-transgenic mice. This study identifies β-catenin expression in thymocytes as a molecular target of age-related thymic involution.
Force constant calculations for ferrocene

Abstract This represents the first attempt to determine a force field for ferrocene which does not either assume the cyclopentadiene rings are free or that the rings can be approximated to point masses.
Arsenic cycling in marine systems

Abstract The arsenic cycle in productive, near-shore marine systems is complex, involving both geochemical inputs and outflows and biological mediation. The major input to the Georgia Bight is intrusion of subsurface Gulf Stream water; in other marine systems, river run-off and atmospheric deposition may provide a large percentage of the arsenic input. Indiscriminate biological uptake is responsible for changes in arsenic speciation, involving approximately 20% of the dissolved arsenate pool and resulting in measurable concentrations of reduced and methylated arsenic species. The overall cycle is similar to the phosphate cycle; however, regeneration time for arsenic is much slower.
Centrosome-independent mitotic spindle formation in vertebrates

Abstract Background: In cells lacking centrosomes, the microtubule-organizing activity of the centrosome is substituted for by the combined action of chromatin and molecular motors. The question of whether a centrosome-independent pathway for spindle formation exists in vertebrate somatic cells, which always contain centrosomes, remains unanswered, however. By a combination of labeling with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and laser microsurgery we have been able to selectively destroy centrosomes in living mammalian cells as they enter mitosis. Results: We have established a mammalian cell line in which the boundaries of the centrosome are defined by the constitutive expression of γ-tubulin–GFP. This feature allows us to use laser microsurgery to selectively destroy the centrosomes in living cells. Here we show that this method can be used to reproducibly ablate the centrosome as a functional entity, and that after destruction the microtubules associated with the ablated centrosome disassemble. Depolymerization–repolymerization experiments reveal that microtubules form in acentrosomal cells randomly within the cytoplasm. When both centrosomes are destroyed during prophase these cells form a functional bipolar spindle. Surprisingly, when just one centrosome is destroyed, bipolar spindles are also formed that contain one centrosomal and one acentrosomal pole. Both the polar regions in these spindles are well focused and contain the nuclear structural protein NuMA. The acentrosomal pole lacks pericentrin, γ-tubulin, and centrioles, however. Conclusions: These results reveal, for the first time, that somatic cells can use a centrosome-independent pathway for spindle formation that is normally masked by the presence of the centrosome. Furthermore, this mechanism is strong enough to drive bipolar spindle assembly even in the presence of a single functional centrosome.
A reaction model for chemical beam epitaxy with triethylgallium and tris(dimethylamino)arsenic

Abstract A reaction model for the epitaxial growth of GaAs by chemical beam epitaxy using triethylgallium and tris(dimethylamino)arsenic is presented. The model is developed by properly combining surface decomposition mechanisms of the two metalorganic precursors on GaAs(1 0 0) surfaces. Arguments are outlined regarding a technique for obtaining the absolute group-V incident flux directly from experiment. For the purpose of routine applications of the model, inputs are all readily obtainable from experimental setup. Computer simulations based on the model are carried out to make comparisons with the experimental observations for this growth system. The model is shown to provide very good agreement with the growth kinetics observed. Sensitivity analyses are performed to develop an understanding of the growth kinetics. Transient growth of this system is simulated to look into the time scale for growth to reach a steady state.
Validation of the measurement model concept for error structure identification

Abstract The development of different forms of measurement models for impedance has allowed examination of key assumptions on which the use of such models to assess error structure are based. The stochastic error structures obtained using the transfer-function and Voigt measurement models were identical, even when non-stationary phenomena caused some of the data to be inconsistent with the Kramers–Kronig relations. The suitability of the measurement model for assessment of consistency with the Kramers–Kronig relations, however, was found to be more sensitive to the confidence interval for the parameter estimates than to the number of parameters in the model. A tighter confidence interval was obtained for Voigt measurement model, which made the Voigt measurement model a more sensitive tool for identification of inconsistencies with the Kramers–Kronig relations.
Ischemic stroke destabilizes circadian rhythms

Background: The central circadian pacemaker is a remarkably robust regulator of daily rhythmic variations of cardiovascular, endocrine, and neural physiology. Environmental lighting conditions are powerful modulators of circadian rhythms, but regulation of circadian rhythms by disease states is less clear. Here, we examine the effect of ischemic stroke on circadian rhythms in rats using highresolution pineal microdialysis. Methods: Rats were housed in LD 12:12 h conditions and monitored by pineal microdialysis to determine baseline melatonin timing profiles. After demonstration that the circadian expression of melatonin was at steady state, rats were subjected to experimental stroke using two-hour intralumenal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The animals were returned to their cages, and melatonin monitoring was resumed. The timing of onset, offset, and duration of melatonin secretion were calculated before and after stroke to determine changes in circadian rhythms of melatonin secretion. At the end of the monitoring period, brains were analyzed to determine infarct volume. Results: Rats demonstrated immediate shifts in melatonin timing after stroke. We observed a broad range of perturbations in melatonin timing in subsequent days, with rats exhibiting onset/ offset patterns which included: advance/advance, advance/delay, delay/advance, and delay/delay. Melatonin rhythms displayed prolonged instability several days after stroke, with a majority of rats showing a day-to-day alternation between advance and delay in melatonin onset and duration. Duration of melatonin secretion changed in response to stroke, and this change was strongly determined by the shift in melatonin onset time. There was no correlation between infarct size and the direction or amplitude of melatonin phase shifting. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration that stroke induces immediate changes in the timing of pineal melatonin secretion, indicating that cortical and basal ganglia infarction impacts the timing of melatonin rhythms. The heterogeneous direction and amplitude of melatonin shifts suggests that the upstream regulation of hypothalamic timekeeping is likely anatomically diffuse and mechanistically complex. Finally, our study exemplifies the use of pineal microdialysis to evaluate the effect of neurological diseases on circadian function.
Reduced levels of NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptor and PSD-95 in the prefrontal cortex in major depression.

Recent neuroimaging and postmortem studies have demonstrated abnormalities in glutamatergic transmission in major depression. Glutamate NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors are one of the major mediators of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. At synaptic sites, NMDA receptors are linked with postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) that plays a key role in mediating trafficking, clustering, and downstream signaling events, following receptor activation. In this study, we examined the expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B as well as PSD-95 in the anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC) using Western blot method. Cortical samples were obtained from age, gender and postmortem interval matched depressed and psychiatrically healthy controls. The results revealed that there was a reduced expression of the NMDA receptor subunits NR2A (−54%) and NR2B (−48%), and PSD-95 protein level (−40%) in the PFC of depressed subjects relative to controls, with no change in the NR1 subunit. The alterations in NMDA receptor subunits, especially the NR2A and NR2B, as well as PSD-95 suggest an abnormality in the NMDA receptor signaling in the PFC in major depression. Our findings in conjunction with recent clinical, cellular, and neuroimaging studies further implicate the involvement of glutamate neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of depression. This study provides additional evidence that NMDA receptor complex is a target for discovery of novel antidepressants.
Recent Advances in the Theory and Application of Lie Pseudo‐Groups

This paper surveys several new developments in the analysis of Lie pseudo‐groups and their actions on submanifolds. The main themes are direct construction of Maurer‐Cartan forms and structure equations, and the use of equivariant moving frames to analyze the algebra of differential invariants and invariant differential forms, including generators, commutation relations, and syzygies.
Vegetable oils as diesel fuels: Overview

Rapport succinct de synthese des communications consacrees a la preparation et l'utilisation d'huiles vegetales comme carburant Diesel presentees a un Symposium tenu a Toronto en mai 1982
Self-Healing Phase-Locked Loops in Deep-Scaled CMOS Technologies

Despite their inherent self-healing nature, noise (jitter) in phase-locked loops is sensitive to process and environmental variation. This article discusses automatic frequency calibration and amplitude control techniques that rely on a negative feedback loop with a large emphasis on digitally assisted calibration.
Calcium and magnesium in ryegrass. Some differences in accumulation by roots and in translocation to shoots

Thirty-day old intact ryegrass plants (Lolium perenne) were exposed to solutions of Ca, Mg, or Ca+Mg. Each ion was present at 0.25 mM and each solution was labeled with an appropriate radioisotope (Ca45 or Mg28). Plants were harvested at various times over a 12-hour period and analyzed for incorporation of the radioisotopes and for the total quantities of Ca and Mg present. Uptake of the exogenous ions was calculated on the assumption that uptake of both carrier and isotopic species occurred in proportion to their concentrations in the ambient solution. Steady state rates of exogenous ion uptake by roots and translocation to shoots were observed for both ions during the 2–12 hour period. During this time the rate of exogenous Ca accumulation in the shoots substantially exceeded that in the roots, and the presence of ambient Mg had relatively little influence on either rate. However, ambient Mg did decrease the exogenous Ca taken up in the 0–2 hour period. The steady state rate of exogenous Mg accumulation in roots and shoots exceeded that of exogenous Ca, and the presence of ambient Ca suppressed both exogenous Mg rates about equally. Significant net accumulation of Ca occurred in the root tissue during the 2–12 hour period whereas with Mg there was little net accumulation. A constant rate of depletion of endogenous Mg, which was restricted by presence of ambient Ca, was observed. Evidence from the observed 2–12 hour y-intercept values for root accumulation of the two ions suggests the possibility of specific adsorption sites for Ca.
Seasonal transitions and water mass formation in the Iceland and Greenland seas

Abstract The dense waters of the Iceland and Greenland sea gyres are not simply the product of a gradual transition between cold, relatively fresh polar waters on the west and warmer, saline Atlantic water on the east, but instead constitute a unique hydrographic region, bounded by the polar and arctic fronts, which we term the arctic domain. Although deep and bottom water is the best-known water mass formed in the arctic domain, the region also produces a spectrum of dense intermediate water types in winter. Our study concentrates upon water mass formation in the Iceland Sea, where the principal winter product is an intermediate water mass nearly as cold as the deep water, but slightly less saline and therefore always lying above the deep water. The intermediate water mass produced in greatest volume in the Greenland Sea is warmer and more saline, although of nearly the same density as that produced in the Iceland Sea. The principal difference between the seasonal transitions in the Greenland and Iceland seas is that the transition in the Greenland Sea involves slightly more saline water than does that in the Iceland Sea, due to a more pronounced contribution of cooled Atlantic water. Subsequent along-isopycnal mixing of the intermediate water masses produces water which needs only to undergo a final cooling stage to be transformed into new deep and bottom water.
The Maunder Minimum: A reappraisal

A number of papers have questioned the reality of the Maunder Minimum of solar activity (A.D. 1645–1715). A recent study by Xu and Jiang (1982) of newly-discovered Chinese provincial records listing 21 naked-eye sunspot sightings in the 17th century is a case in point, as is Landsberg's (1980) report of 52 sunspots found in ‘unexploited’ German diary sources. We demonstrate that neither claim is cause to alter Eddy's (1976) quantitative description of the Maunder Minimum. The new Chinese data add at most three possible sunspots to the 600–1000 that were previously known in the Maunder Minimum years; moreover, the number of 17th century naked-eye reports drops after 1640 in the same manner as do known telescopic reports. The historical sunspots found by Landsberg are almost entirely duplicates of spots included in prior analyses, based on earlier studies of the same well-known sources. The principal evidence for secular solar variability is the precision record of tree-ring radioacarbon compiled in 1980 by Stuiver and his colleagues that establishes an unequivocal drop in solar activity during the Maunder Minimum and on three prior occasions in the current millennium.
Wi-Fi Powered WLAN: When Built, Who Will Use It? Exploring Predictors of Wireless Internet Adoption in the Workplace

High-speed wireless Internet technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMAX allow users to go online at broadband speed, anywhere, anytime. Experimental projects in publicly accessible Wi-Fi systems and citywide networks are mushrooming in the United States and elsewhere. Grounded in the diffusion of innovations research paradigm, this study examines factors that influence the adoption of Wi-Fi in the workplace. Similar to the adoption of the Internet at home, results show that perceived advantages and compatibility of wireless Internet, larger number of fellow employees and family members already using wireless Internet, and higher frequency of communication with technicians about the wireless system—but less time spent reading newspapers—all lead to a higher likelihood of using the Wi-Fi powered Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
Systems analysis of intracranial pressure. Comparison with volume-pressure test and CSF-pulse amplitude analysis.

✓ Systems analysis is explored as a method of evaluating intracranial pressure (ICP). The intracranial cavity is characterized by a transfer function that is evaluated by the blood pressure pulse acting as the system input and the ICP pulse acting as the output. A comparison is made of the ability of systems analysis, volume-pressure test (VPT), and cerebrospinal fluid-pulse amplitude analysis (CSFPAA) to distinguish between an epidural balloon inflation (EBI) and an intraventricular infusion (IVI) at various steady state levels of ICP. The VPT could not distinguish between EBI and IVI at any level of ICP, and above 30 mm Hg the volume-pressure response decreased. Spectral analysis was able to distinguish EBI from IVI above 30 mm Hg, and CSFPAA was demonstrated to be a simplified spectral analysis. Changes in ICP waveform generated during each cardiac cycle appear to be related to changes in vasomotor reactivity and may have value in the clinical monitoring of ICP.
Changes in basic chromosomal proteins during spermatogenesis in the mature rat

Abstract Nuclei of the seminiferous epithelial cells of rat testis were filtered through glass wool to remove sperm heads, flagellae and late-stage spermatids and then centrifuged through sucrose gradients to yield three fractions. The cellular origins of the predominant nuclei in these fractions were identified through the kinetics of labeling with [3H]thymidine. The relative amounts of the different histone fractions changed during the various stages of spermatogenesis in an interesting and systematic manner. For example, the ratio of the trailing (acetylated) to the leading member of the histone F2a1 doublet was greater in spermatid nuclei than in nuclei of a fraction enriched in primary spermatocytes. Similarly, the ratio X 1 F 1 was greatest in spermatid nuclei. On the other hand, the ratio X 3 F 2b was greater in the nuclei of pachytene-diplotene primary spermatocytes than in the fraction enriched in nuclei of spermatogonia and preloptotene primary spermatocytes. A basic protein fraction with some of the properties of a protamine was extracted from rat sperm heads and from the nuclei of spermatids. This protein fraction has high contents of arginine and cysteine (after reduction), and it appears to be identical with the protamine described by Kistler et al. In addition, a new protamine was isolated from rat sperm heads which has high arginine content but appears to be devoid of lysine and cyst(e)ine. Two other basic protein fractions with high electrophoretic mobilities were extracted with acid from the nuclei of testicular seminiferous epithetial cells without prior reduction. One of these proteins may be identical with the testis-specific protein of Kistler et al.
Exploration of heterogeneous chemistry in model atmospheric particles using extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis

As models of the composition and heterogeneous chemical reactions of the troposphere undergo refinement, novel application of state-of-the-art analytical techniques will be necessary to propound realistic characterizations of mineral dust chemistry. In this study, strontium carbonate particles treated with gaseous nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide were examined with X-ray absorption fine structure analysis (EXAFS). The X-ray spectra of carbonate and nitrate standards were fitted to ab initio calculations, which were used to determine the structure and consistency of strontium nitrate formed on strontium carbonate. By examining differences in mean square radial displacement and lattice spacing values obtained for bulk Sr(NO3)2 as compared to Sr(NO3)2 formed on SrCO3, EXAFS proves effective as a tool for investigating the local structure and composition of heterogeneous aerosol particles. The implications of findings on reacted strontium carbonate for atmospheric models of calcium carbonate aerosol are discussed.
Growing talent through delegation.

We’re all doing more with less. New programs are implemented, projects are started, and students or residents are asked to join our services. With these new opportunities, we rarely have a chance to sunset programs or projects or to determine what work is no longer needed. By developing the ability to delegate, we may be able to rearrange our priority list while enhancing leadership skills in others. Many consider delegation as being available only to managers, but residency program directors, clinical coordinators, staff pharmacists, and even residents benefit by effective delegation. Heller1 describes delegation as “entrusting another person with a task for which the delegator remains ultimately responsible.”(p6) Effective delegation is a self-taught activity that takes time and repetition to master. Getting started as a delegator includes understanding what to delegate, to whom, and how.
Reactions of tellurium fission products with carbon monoxide

Reactions of recoiling fission products with gases to form volatile compounds offer the means for rapidly separating shortlived fission products. The reactions of recoiling /sup 35/S and /sup 83/Se wit h CO suggested that tellurium fission products might also react with CO, to form TeCO. Experimental details and results are presented, indicating that a volatile tellurium carbonyl, probably TeCO, is formed. Information is also presented about the reactions of individual isotopes of tellurium with CO. (UK)
Resource-ratio theory and the control of invasive plants.

There have been relatively few tests of resource-ratio theory in terrestrial systems. Additionally, resources are known to be an important factor determining the success of invasive species. Here I discuss how the study by Newingham and Belnap (pp. 29–40, this issue) tests predictions of resource-ratio theory and how they apply it to questions of invasion by Bromus tectorum in a terrestrial grassland.
Fiber-constrained, dielectric-elastomer composites: Finite-strain response and stability analysis

Abstract This paper presents homogenization estimates for the finite-strain effective response of a certain class of dielectric elastomer composites (DECs) subjected to electromechanical loading conditions. The DECs consist of a dielectric elastomer matrix phase constrained to undergo plane strain deformations by means of aligned, long, rigid-dielectric fibers of elliptical cross section that are also aligned but randomly distributed in the transverse plane. The estimates for the effective electro-active response are obtained by means of available estimates for the purely mechanical response of such composites, together with a partial decoupling strategy/approximation. Such homogenization estimates can then be used to assess the effect of various microstructural parameters, such as the concentration and cross-sectional shape of the fibers, on the overall electromechanical response of the DECs, when subjected to an electric potential difference across suitably positioned soft electrodes. In addition, three different instability and failure mechanisms are investigated: loss of positive definiteness, loss of strong ellipticity and dielectric breakdown, with the objective of finding an optimal design of the microstructure and constituent properties for maximal electrostriction before failure.
A hybrid-similarity exemplar model for predicting distinctiveness effects in perceptual old-new recognition.

In 2 sets of experiments, the authors investigated the basis for old-item distinctiveness effects in perceptual recognition, whereby distinctive old items are recognized with higher probability than are typical old items. In Experiment 1, distinctive old items were defined as those lying in isolated regions of a continuous-dimension similarity space. In this case, any beneficial effects of distinctiveness were absent or small, regardless of the structure of the test list used to assess recognition memory. In Experiment 2, distinctive items were defined as those objects containing certain discrete, individuating features. In this case, large old-item distinctive effects were observed, with the nature of the effects being modulated by the structure of the test lists. A hybrid-similarity exemplar model, combining elements of continuous-dimension distance and discrete-feature matching, was used to account for these distinctiveness effects in the recognition data.
IUGG Quadrennial Report Overviews: Chemical Oceanography 1979-1982

The last four years have brought exciting advances in oceanography within the United States. The traditional research approach of a modest program built around a single investigator was supplemented during the International Decade of Ocean Exploration in the United States by a series of large-scale cooperative programs involving many investigators, often from a multitude of institutions. Continuing with this approach has allowed us to attack otherwise intractable problems. The broad range in program scales, from small to rather large, utilizes both individual creativity and the synergism of many observations focused on a single process; it continues to produce rich returns.
Concurrent hepatitis C virus and hepatitis delta virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Since hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) are transmitted by the same routes as hepatitis B virus (HBV), simultaneous or concurrent HCV and HDV infection in patients with chronic HBV infection may occur. To test this hypothesis and to examine the clinicohistological and immunopathological presentations of such multiple hepatitis virus infections, acute and/or convalescent serum specimens from 86 patients with acute HDV superinfection were tested by enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to HCV. Of the 86 patients, 18 (20.9%) were associated with HCV infection. Although patients with early mortality cannot be evaluated by the HCV markers used in this study, the results showed that the clinical and histologic features were similar except that patients with HCV infection were older than those without HCV infection (P < 0.01). Immunopathological studies carried out within 2 months after the onset of acute HDV superinfection demonstrated that hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was not detected in any patient and HDV antigen was detected in 18.2% of the patients with HCV infection whereas HBcAg and HDAg were found in 7% and 65.1%, respectively, of those without HCV coinfection (P < 0.02). It is concluded that concurrent HCV and HDV superinfections can and do occur in patients with chronic HBV infection. In these triple viral infections, HCV may even transiently suppress HDV and HBV. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PTA and Thrombolysis in Leg Salvage

PURPOSE The goals of any treatment for ischemic vascular disease are to relieve pain, allow wound healing, and regain/maintain ambulatory abilities. To determine if endovascular therapy could accomplish these goals in patients with limbs at risk, we undertook a retrospective analysis of the results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and thrombolysis in leg salvage. METHODS Over an 8-year period ending in 1993, 327 patients (209 males, 118 females) with limb-threatening ischemia (defined as one or more of the following: ischemic rest pain, ischemic ulceration, or gangrene) in 361 limbs were seen. These patients had an ankle-brachial index < or = 0.40 in nondiabetic patients and/or toe-brachial index < or = 0.30 in diabetic patients. The patients were treated with thrombolysis and/or PTA according to standard techniques; intravascular stenting was used occasionally as required to treat PTA deficiencies or inadequate recanalization. RESULTS Among the 327 patients, 805 arteries and 25 thrombosed arterial grafts were treated. The arteries treated were: 6 aorta (0.75%), 75 iliac (9.3%), 34 common femoral (4.2%), 3 deep femoral (0.4%), 235 superficial femoral (29.2%), 219 popliteal (27.2%), 193 infrapopliteal (24.0%), and 40 pedal (5.0%). The patients were treated primarily with PTA (n = 307); urokinase thrombolysis (n = 99) and stents (n = 12) were used less frequently. Procedural success was 92.5%. Patients were followed from 6 months to 8 years (mean 3 years). Eighty-three patients were retreated during this time. Of the 249 patients available for this follow-up, total salvage was achieved in 181 (72.7%). Nineteen patients (7.6%) underwent minor amputations (e.g., toes); 4 patients (1.6%) had transmetatarsal amputation. Fifteen patients (3.6%) had above-knee amputation despite successful recanalization. In all, 32 patients (8.8%) had the amputation level extended from above to below knee, bringing the total leg salvage rate to 82% (defined as patients able to ambulate without any prosthesis). Using life-table analysis, the 5 year survival rate was 71%. CONCLUSION This study shows that endovascular therapy for leg salvage is as effective as reconstructive vascular surgery in achieving wound healing and maintaining ambulation and has a more favorable 5-year survival rate.
A zero error propagation extension to H.264 for low delay video communications over lossy channels

In this paper, we introduce a method for video transmission over lossy channels. The proposed method is similar to NEWPRED and uses feedback information to stop error propagation. Main operational difference is replication of packet loss and error concealment process at the encoder and using the possibly error concealed frames as reference frames in the motion prediction loop. We have studied the optimization of the proposed method under moderate error rates where ACK/NACK mode NEWPRED does not efficiently solve the problem. The proposed solution is an adaptive method that optimizes the operation based on the expected error propagation. We present comparison results with NEWPRED under various channel conditions and video sources.
The Future is Radically Open

“The Future is Radically Open” is the English script for the last presentation Neil Smith made – only a week before his passing in late September 2012. It is preceded by other two introductions that situate the piece in the context of (a) the conference he presented it at and (b) his late-life work.
Measurements of noise produced by flow past lifting surfaces

Wind tunnel studies have been conducted to determine the specific locations of aerodynamic noise production within the flow field about various lifting-surface configurations. The models tested included low aspect ratio shapes intended to represent aircraft flaps, a finite aspect ratio NACA 0012 wing, and a multi-element wing section consisting of a main section, a leading edge flap, and dual trailing edge flaps. Turbulence was induced on the models by surface roughness. Lift and drag were measured for the flap models. Hot-wire anemometry was used for study of the flap-model vortex roll-up. Apparent noise source distributions were measured by use of a directional microphone system, located outside the tunnel, which was scanned about the flow region to be analyzed under computer control. These distributions exhibited a diversity of pattern, suggesting that several flow processes are important to lifting-surface noise production. Speculation concerning these processes is offered.
Hip fracture-dislocation in football: a report of two cases and review of the literature

Soccer is the world's most popular sport, with over 200 million participants world wide. Fractures account for only 4-9% of acute injuries, and hip fracture-dislocation is extremely uncommon. The potentially serious long term sequelae require that team physicians have an awareness of this injury. Two cases of traumatic hip fracture-dislocation are here reported in recreational soccer players sustained by low energy mechanisms. Prompt reduction and fixation are important to produce a stable and congruent joint.
Effects of Artificially Elevated Water Temperatures on the Growth, Reproduction and Life Cycle of a Natural Population of Physa Virgata Gould

Abstr-act. Plhysa virgata Gould is the common pond snail of north central Texas. From two natural populations, one affected by heated discharge from a power plant in Lake Arlington, Texas, regular samples were collected from August 1972 until April 1974. Investigations of growth, reproduction, life cycle and the effects of heated effluent showed that each population had three generations/year. More northern physid populations have a simple annual pattern or at most two complete generations/year. Even without artificially elevated water temperatures the longer growing seasons which occur in southwestern USA allow P. iirgata populations to achieve three generations/year. The autecology of these two P. virgata populations was remarkably similar even though one was in an area affected by thermal effluent. Observed differences include a more rapid rate of growth of the second generation in the discharge area (probably as a result of higher summer water temperatures) and a significant decrease in mean number of eggs per mass laid by the discharge population.
REPOSSESSION: Notes on Restoration and Redemption in Ukraine's Western Borderland

This essay is an ethnographic account of the use of post-Soviet military ruins in western Ukraine. I describe an encounter with the founder of a commune for persons released from prison, victims of human trafficking, and asylum seekers established in a former nuclear base in Ukraine's western borderland. The commune is an unusual restoration project that is carried out in the interstices of the postsocialist state and of the changing European border regime. As such, it is a compelling site for rethinking dispossession and the possibility of redemption some 15 years after the USSR ceased to exist. The protagonist of this account redeems ruins left behind by the collapse of an empire he was glad to see go, and reproduces precisely that which has been lost in the process of the unmaking of Soviet life, that is the all-embracing domain of collective work and life.
Viloxazine and amitriptyline in endogenous depression

In a double-blind clinical trial carried out on 20 outpatients with the diagnosis of endogenous depression, amitriptyline (75–225 mg) was found to be somewhat faster in its therapeutic effects on depression than viloxazine (150–450 mg), whereas viloxazine was somewhat faster in its therapeutic effect on anxiety. Cardiovascular adverse effects were only encountered with amitriptyline, whereas gastrointestinal side effects were present with viloxazine.
FMEM: functional mixed effects modeling for the analysis of longitudinal white matter Tract data.

Abstract Many longitudinal imaging studies have collected repeated diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data to understand white matter maturation and structural connectivity pattern in normal controls and diseased subjects. There is an urgent demand for the development of statistical methods for the analysis of diffusion properties along fiber tracts and clinical data obtained from longitudinal studies. Jointly analyzing repeated fiber-tract diffusion properties and covariates (e.g., age or gender) raises several major challenges including (i) infinite-dimensional functional response data, (ii) complex spatial–temporal correlation structure, and (iii) complex spatial smoothness. To address these challenges, this article is to develop a functional mixed effects modeling (FMEM) framework to delineate the dynamic changes of diffusion properties along major fiber tracts and their association with a set of covariates of interest and the structure of the variability of these white matter tract properties in various longitudinal studies. Our FMEM consists of a functional mixed effects model for addressing all three challenges, an efficient method for spatially smoothing varying coefficient functions, an estimation method for estimating the spatial–temporal correlation structure, a test procedure with local and global test statistics for testing hypotheses of interest associated with functional response, and a simultaneous confidence band for quantifying the uncertainty in the estimated coefficient functions. Simulated data are used to evaluate the finite sample performance of FMEM and to demonstrate that FMEM significantly outperforms the standard pointwise mixed effects modeling approach. We apply FMEM to study the spatial–temporal dynamics of white-matter fiber tracts in a clinical study of neurodevelopment.
Measuring the Involvement of People with HIV in Treatment Decision Making Using the Control Preferences Scale

Objectives. Since 1983, HIV patients have been advocating for participatory decision making. This study measures the involvement that HIV-positive people perceive in treatment decision making. A secondary objective is to assess the validity of the instrument used to examine decisional roles, the Control Preferences Scale (CPS). Method. The authors interviewed 79 HIV-positive people, a subsample of a study on long survival with HIV, diverse with respect to ethnicity, age, gender, and sexual orientation. They compared the self- and researcher-rated decisional roles of participants on the CPS. They also assessed how well the CPS corresponds with Charles’s paternalistic, shared- and informed-choice models of decision making about treatment based on decisional roles and information exchange. Results. Most participants (75%) perceived collaborative/active involvement in decision making. Agreement (Kendall’s tau-b) between self- and researcherrated decisional roles on the CPS was 0.82, whereas agreement between self-ratings on the CPS and researcher ratings on Charles’s classification was 0.60. Charles’s classification was difficult if participants had chosen not to take their prescribed medication without being adequately informed about the risky consequences of this decision. Conclusions. In this study, HIV-positive people perceived a high level of involvement in decision making. Reliability and convergent validity of the CPS was high. Charles’s classification was problematic because decisional roles and information exchange are distinct dimensions. Some people make risky treatment decisions on their own without being adequately informed. The CPS is a useful instrument to measure decisional role perceptions of HIV-positive people but needs to be complemented by an
Biomimetic Underwater Adhesives with Environmentally Triggered Setting Mechanisms

The challenges of developing medical adhesives for the wet environment of open surgery are analogous to the adhesion problems solved by marine organisms living at the watery interface of land and ocean. These organisms routinely bond dissimilar materials together under seawater with little if any surface preparation. One such organism is the sandcastle worm (Phragmatopoma californica). Our goal is to copy this marine worm’s mechanisms of underwater bonding to create synthetic water-borne underwater medical adhesives, and in turn, to use the synthetic adhesives to test mechanistic hypotheses about the natural adhesive. Biomimetic underwater adhesives were formulated with polyelectrolytic analogues of the natural glue proteins. The copolymers condensed into complex coacervates—dense partially water-immiscible cohesive fluids poised between soluble polymers and insoluble polymeric salts. The boundary between fluid coacervate phases and solid or gelled states was dependent on divalent cation species as well as the pH and temperature, which demonstrated that these environmental factors can trigger the adhesive setting reaction (Fig. 1). The results provide, respectively, empirical support for the natural pH-triggered set hypothesis and practical triggers for controlled setting of mimetic medical adhesives.
Rank estimation of a transformation model with observed truncation

This paper introduces rank estimators for a general transformation model withobservable truncation points. The estimators, which are modified versions of the rank estimators of Han (1987) and Cavanagh and Sherman (1998), are asymptotically normal and require no bandwidth choice. Log-concavity of the error disturbance’s survival function is a sufficient condition for the associated monotonicity conditions. Monte Carlo simulations investigate theestimators' behavior for various sample sizes.
Heparinase immobilization. Characterization and optimization.

L'heparinase de flavobacterium heparinum est fixee sur differents supports de reticulation et de porosites differentes (sepharose, cellulose, sephadex, polyacrylamide, acrylate). L'agent de couplage est selectionne pour que le nombre de groupements actives soit suffisant a la fixation de l'enzyme. Optimisation de la technique pour utiliser le biocatalyseur dans une circulation extracorporelle
Activist Literacies: Teacher Research as Resistance to the "Normal

At a large public elementary school in a midsized city in California, one percent of the student population is designated as “gifted and talented.” Another school, located near a major midwestern university, designates roughly eighty percent of their students as “gifted and talented.” Both are neighborhood schools mainly serving the surrounding communities. At the California school, a pressing concern is acquiring more diagnostic resources to test students and, if necessary, to reclassify them as learners with “special needs.” At the midwestern school, officials are pressed by parents of the “non-gifted,” who are often upset that their children are not counted in the ranks of the “gifted.”
Using Group Membership Markers for Group Identification.

We describe a system for automatically ranking documents by degree of militancy, designed as a tool both for finding militant websites and prioritizing the data found. We compare three ranking systems, one employing a small hand-selected vocabulary based on group membership markers used by insiders to identify members and member properties (us) and outsiders and threats (them), one with a much larger vocabulary, and another with a small vocabulary chosen by Mutual Information. We use the same vocabularies to build classifiers. The ranker that achieves the best correlations with human judgments uses the small us-them vocabulary. We confirm and extend recent results in sentiment analysis (paltoglou 2010), showing that a feature-weighting scheme taken from classical IR (TFIDF) produces the best ranking system; we also find, surprisingly, that adjusting these weights with SVM training, while producing a better classifier, produces a worse ranker. Increasing vocabulary size similarly improves classification (while worsening ranking).
The Impact of Hobby Rocket Motors on Atmospheric Fine Particle Zinc Concentrations

Zinc concentrations in hobby rocket exhaust aerosols were measured by ICP-MS to be approximately 300 mg/g, revealing that hobby rocket motors emit particulate matter highly enriched in zinc. Zinc is a commonly used indicator species in receptor models for atmospheric particulate matter and is assumed to be emitted only by well-established point sources and mobile sources. The potential impact of the ephemeral particle-bound zinc from hobby rockets on atmospheric particulate zinc concentrations was estimated using a Gaussian puff model. The results from the model were compared to 24-hour averaged particulate zinc concentration data collected in three US urban centers. Potential impacts several kilometers downwind of the rocket launch site were found to be significant. Clearly the impact of ephemeral and unregistered emissions such as those from hobby rockets needs to be considered when using zinc in source apportionment models.
Determinants of mortgage pricing: A quantile regression analysis

This paper examines the impact of consumers’ creditworthiness, loan terms, loan amount, loan-to-value ratio, and loan purpose on mortgage pricing while controlling for market condition, macroeconomic performance, and loan sources. Applying quantile regression methods based on a lender-provided dataset covering the period of 2002–2007, this paper is able to differentiate these effects with respect to distribution of mortgage pricing. The regression results indicate that loan applicants with higher levels of creditworthiness in terms of credit score receive a lower mortgage premium above default and interest rate risk. For every 10 point increases in credit scores, the mortgage premium above default and interest rate risk declines consistently from by 1 basis point at the 10th quantile to 5 basis points at the 90th quantile. Loan applicants receive discounts ranging from 24 to 117 basis points, 22 to 115 basis points, 13 to 87 basis points for mortgage loans with LTV ratio below 60percent, between 60 and 70 percent, and between 70 percent and 80 percent, respectively.
From Politics to Philosophy

This essay relates the author’s personal experience to my academic interests. Growing up under the New Deal, he acquired values it became dangerous to act upon during the Red Scare that followed World War Two. Intense political activity during the early 1950s led the author to abandon college and devote himself to political organizing. Changing circumstances and reflection later led him to resume his studies and to move from engineering to philosophy. The author’s political orientation led him to moral theory and experience made him skeptical of assumptions made by philosophers of good will, such as the idea of a moral obligation to obey unjust as well as just law in the real world. The historical study of political resistance led the author to focus on racial aspects of American history. The deeper he delved, the more he found Americans confronting systemic injustice, some facets of which the other essays in this volume explore.
Leveraging synergy between database and programming language courses

Undergraduate courses in database systems and programming languages are frequently taught without much overlap. This paper argues that there is a substantial benefit to emphasizing some areas of commonality, both old and new, between the two subjects. Examples of such cross-fertilization that may be used to enhance one or both of the courses include query language design and implementation, object-relational mapping, transactional memory, and various aspects of the recent "NoSQL" movement.