cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Active Vibration Control on a Stirling-Cycle Cryocooler Testbed

SatCon Technology Corporation has demonstrated excellent vibration reduction performance using active control on the JPL Stirling-cycle cryocooler testbed. This paper addresses the use of classical narrow-band feedback control to meet the cryocooler vibration specifications using one cryocooler in a self-cancellation configuration. Similar vibration reduction performance was obtained using a cryocooler back-to-back configuration by actively controlling a reaction mass actuator that was used to mimic the second cooler.
Elements of the Annihilating Ideal of a Standard Module

The construction of affine Lie algebras by means of vertex operators has proved to be a remarkably fruitful line of research by motivating, being motivated by, and linking together a disparate range of sectors of mathematics and physics. Vertex operators entered mathematics through the work of J. Lepowsky and R. L. Wilson who gave an explicit construction of the affne algebra A’,l’ [LWl]. Their vertex operators were similar to ones used by physicists in the string model. Later on, I. Frenkel, V. Kac [FK], and G. Segal [S], found representations of afhne algebras using “untwisted” vertex operators. A large amount of very interesting research has followed stimulated by this observation and by the connection between classical combinatorial identities and the Weyl-Kac character formula [K, LM, LPl-2, LW2-4, Ma, Mil-21. A deeper understanding of vertex operators has been reached more recently as a result of work by Borcherds [B] who investigated general vertex operator algebras, and by Frenkel, Lepowsky, and A. Meurman in a series of papers, culminating in the recent book [FLM]. In particular, these three authors showed that the Monster finite simple group is the automorphism group of a certain vertex operator algebra, thus giving a natural realization of this largest among sporadic groups. This also established a surprising connection between the Monster and two-dimensional conformal quantum field theory, which is the physicists’ analogue of the theory of vertex operator algebras; cf. [BPZ, DL, FHL, FJ, TK, T, ZF, FLM].
P-32 Outcomes of gastric bypass in the elderly super obese: a single center experience

Background: Individuals with a BMI 50 kg/m are commonly defined as super obese. Age and super obesity are recognized independent risk factors for mortality following gastric bypass. Limited data exist in the literature about the elderly and super obese population. The aim of this study is to evaluate outcomes of this patient group after Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods: We performed a retrospective review of our prospectively maintained bariatric surgery data base at the University of Virginia Health System, from 1986 till 2019. We identified all patients with BMI 50 kg/m and Age 60. We examined this group with regards to demographics, procedure, complications and weight loss over first 3 years. Results: Twenty eight patients met criteria. BMI 50-68 (55.5 5.3 kg/m). Males 4 (14.3%), Females 24 (85.7%). 20 cases were done laparoscopically (71.4%), 6 cases open (21.4%) and 2 cases converted from laparoscopic to open (7.1%). We identified the following complications; incisional hernia 1 (3.6%), internal hernia 0 (0%), anastomotic leak 1 (3.6%), wound infection1 (3.6%). There were nodeaths. Regarding the Excess weight loss (EWL) observed after 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years; EWL of 60.8%, 85.4%, 88.5%, 96.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Demand for bariatric surgery is expected to increase in older or elderly patients. Measures to improve safety and outcomes are needed to provide the best care for patients. Our study demonstrates promising outcomes of RYGB in the elderly super obese population.
Quantification of the geocarposphere and rhizosphere effect of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Roots and pods of field-grown peanut (groundnut) (Arachis hypogaea L.) were sampled at the R3, R5, and R7 developmental stages and examined in comparison to root- and pod-free soil for microbial population densities to assess the geocarposphere and rhizosphere effects. G/ S (no. geocarposphere microorganisms/no. soil microorganisms) and R/S (no. rhizosphere microorganisms/no. soil microorganisms) ratios were calculated for total fungi,Asperigillus flavus, spore-forming bacilli, coryneform bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, and total bacteria isolated on low- and high-nutrient media. A clear geocarposphere effect was evidenced by increased population densities of bacteria and fungi associated with developing pods compared to soil. G/S and R/S ratios were generally greater than 1.0 for all groups of microorganisms except bacilli. G/S ratios were greater for total bacteria than for total fungi at two of the three sample times, suggesting that bacteria were stimulated more than fungi in the zone around developing pods. In contrast, R/S ratios, were higher for total fungi than for total bacteria at two of three sample times. The preferential association of fungi and bacteria with early developmental stages of the pod indicates that some microorganisms are particularly well adapted for colonization of the peanut geocarposphere. These microorganisms are logical candidates for evaluation as biological control candiates forA. flavus.
Nonlinear plasma dynamics in the plasma wake-field accelerator.

Excitation of nonlinear plasma oscillations by an intense ultrarelativistic electron beam is considered. It is shown, by analytical solutions of the one-dimensional relativistic fluid equations, that under certain conditions on the relative electron beam and plasma densities extremely large longitudinal electric fields can be generated in the beam's wake. This scheme is a nonlinear version of the plasma wakefield accelerator, and is predicted to have advantages over the linear regime.
Affinities of ?Scalenodontoides plemmyridon Hopson, 1984 (Synapsida: Cynodontia) from the Upper Triassic of Nova Scotia

We describe a recently discovered upper postcanine tooth of a large traversodont cynodont from the Wolfville Formation (Upper Triassic; Fundy Group, Newark Supergroup) of Nova Scotia, Canada. The s...
Development of a Level 1 Geriatric Outpatient Social Work Screen in a Veterans Primary Care Clinic

Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) provide primary care to veterans. We describe our experience in a PACT (average age 66, 98% men, 8 medications, 16% yearly hospitalization rate) using a nurse-administered screen to identify patients in need of intervention by a Masters-level Social Worker. Our screening results—98% Positive predictive value (included social work concerns) and 73% negative predictive value (excluded social work concerns)—suggest that the nurse accurately identified patients. Another 15% of patients were identified by the social worker. Similar screens used in interprofessional clinics could help target patients in need of further social work care.
Respite care for families of children with disabilities

The number of children with chronic health problems and resultant disabilities is increasing. Most of the care received by these children is provided by family members, often at severe economic and psychologic cost. One service that has appeared in the past two decades to assist family caregivers is respite services. This article describes the needs for respite identified by family members, the types of respite services available, the benefits of respite care to families, and the essential roles nurses can assume in assuring this essential service is available to families.
Nucleic acid-directed self-assembly of multifunctional gold nanoparticle imaging agents

Gold nanoparticles have attracted much interest as a platform for development of multifunctional imaging and therapeutic agents. Multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles are generally constructed by covalent assembly of a gold core with thiolated ligands. In this study, we have assembled multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles in one step by nucleic acid hybridization of ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide)-derivatized gold nanoparticles with a library of pre-functionalized complementary PNAs (peptide nucleic acids). The PNAs were functionalized by conjugation with DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) for chelating 64Cu for PET imaging, PEG (polyethylene glycol) for conferring stealth properties, and Cy5 for fluorescent imaging. The resulting nanoparticles showed good stability in vitro by melting temperature studies, and in vivo by showing biodistribution behavior in a mouse that would be expected for a PEGylated gold nanoparticle rather than that for the radiolabelled PNA used in its assembly.
Long-term amphetamine treatment decreases brain serotonin metabolism: implications for theories of schizophrenia

Long-term amphetamine administration to cats (a mean of 8.75 milligrams per kilogram twice daily for 10 days) produced large decreases (40 to 67 percent in serotonin and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in all brain regions examined. This treatment also produced several behaviors that are dependent on depressed central serotonergic neurotransmission, and which normally are elicited exclusively by hallucinogenic drugs. Short-term amphetamine administration (15 mg/kg) did not produce these behaviors and resulted in small decreases in brain serotonin and no change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data are discussed in the context of monoamine theories of schizophrenia.
The Panther affair

Abstract An explanation is put forward for the light seabird casualties that occurred after the severe shore oil pollution.
The Demonstration of the Righteousness of God in Romans 3:25,26

The concept of the righteousness of God which provides the most natural and coherent interpretation of Rom 3:25,26 and which takes full account of the term's OT background as well as the immediate context is not "covenant faithfulness" or "faithfulness to creation" but rather God's unwavering commitment always to act for his own name's sake. The so-called "satisfaction theory" of the atonement may be more "Hebraic-Biblical" than is often thought.
The synthesis and nature of heterogeneous catalysts of low-valent tungsten supported on alumina

Abstract Temperature-programmed decomposition has been used to study the nature of the bonding to Al 2 O 3 of the zero-valent catalyst precursor W(CO) 6 . The pretreatment conditions and activation temperatures which lead to the formation of supported, low-valent W (which cannot be prepared by the standard techniques of catalyst synthesis) have been identified. At temperatures below 200 °C highly dispersed, zero-valent, subcarbonyl species are formed. W(CO) 3 ads is readily isolated and the decomposition can be reversed by exposure to a flow of CO. This is only the second system for which the stoichiometry of supported subcarbonyl species has been identified. Decomposition at high temperatures is sensitive to the ratio of hydroxyl groups on the alumina divided by the number of complexes on the surface. At high ratios the primary product of the complete decarbonylation is W(VI), whereas at low ratios W(0) is the primary product. Both of these products are also well dispersed and the complete decomposition is not reversible.
Par-4 is a mediator of neuronal degeneration associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a protein containing both a leucine zipper and a death domain that was isolated by differential screening for genes upreguiated in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis1,2. Par-4 is expressed in the nervous system3, where its function is unknown. In Alzheimer disease (AD), neurons may die by apoptosis, and amyloid β-protein (Aβ) may play a role in this4–11. We report here that Par-4 expression is increased in vulnerable neurons in AD brain and is induced in cultured neurons undergoing apoptosis. Blockade of Par-4 expression or function prevented neuronal apoptosis induced by Ab and trophic factor withdrawl. Par-4 expression was enhanced, and mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis exacerbated, in cells expressing presenilin-1 mutations associated with early-onset inherited AD.
A MULTICLASS, MULTICRITERIA TRAFFIC NETWORK EQUILIBRIUM MODEL WITH ELASTIC DEMAND

In this paper, we develop a multiclass, multicriteria traffic network equilibrium model in which travelers of a class perceive their travel disutility or generalized cost on a route as a weighting of travel time and travel cost, each of which is flow-dependent. In addition, the weights are not only class-dependent but also link-dependent. The model is an elastic demand model and allows the demand function for each class and origin/destination (O/D) pair to depend, in general, upon the disutilities of all classes at all O/D pairs. The formulation of the governing equilibrium conditions, as well as the qualitative analysis, and the computational procedure, are based on finite-dimensional variational inequality theory. The model provides an alternative to existing multimodal and multicriteria traffic network equilibrium models and has location choice implications as well.
MS/MS-based networking and peptidogenomics guided genome mining revealed the stenothricin gene cluster in Streptomyces roseosporus

Most (75%) of the anti-infectives that save countless lives and enormously improve quality of life originate from microbes found in nature. Herein, we described a global visualization of the detectable molecules produced from a single microorganism, which we define as the ‘molecular network’ of that organism, followed by studies to characterize the cellular effects of antibacterial molecules. We demonstrate that Streptomyces roseosporus produces at least four non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-derived molecular families and their gene subnetworks (daptomycin, arylomycin, napsamycin and stenothricin) were identified with different modes of action. A number of previously unreported analogs involving truncation, glycosylation, hydrolysis and biosynthetic intermediates and/or shunt products were also captured and visualized by creation of a map through MS/MS networking. The diversity of antibacterial compounds produced by S. roseosporus highlights the importance of developing new approaches to characterize the molecular capacity of an organism in a more global manner. This allows one to more deeply interrogate the biosynthetic capacities of microorganisms with the goal to streamline the discovery pipeline for biotechnological applications in agriculture and medicine. This is a contribution to a special issue to honor Chris Walsh’s amazing career.
Basic principles and limitations of electrocardiographic and haemodynamic bedside monitoring

Abstract Patient management decisions in the perioperative period are often based upon pressures and electrocardiograms (ECG) obtained from bedside monitors. To interpret such data, one must be cognizant of its limitations. The requisite accuracy and precision of such data requires both knowledge of the way these data are acquired and displayed, and the reasons for making the measurements. For example, for the ECG, the differences between monitor and diagnostic modes and the effects of calibration must be understood. For invasively measured pressures, the static and dynamic properties of electronic transducing systems and displays should be known, as well as the reasons for measuring systolic, diastolic and mean pressures. This chapter provides the background to understanding how such devices obtain and process data, as well as some basic principles of data interpretation.
Issues and progress in the prediction of ocean submesoscale features and internal waves

Data-constrained dynamical ocean modeling for the purpose of detailed forecasting and prediction continues to evolve and improve in quality. Modeling methods and computational capabilities have each improved. The result is that mesoscale phenomena can be modeled with skill, given sufficient data. However, many submesoscale features are less well modeled and remain largely unpredicted from a deterministic event standpoint, and possibly also from a statistical property standpoint. A multi-institution project is underway with goals of uncovering more of the details of a few submesoscale processes, working toward better predictions of their occurrence and their variability. A further component of our project is application of the new ocean models to ocean acoustic modeling and prediction. This paper focuses on one portion of the ongoing work: Efforts to link nonhydrostatic-physics models of continental-shelf nonlinear internal wave evolution to data-driven regional models. Ocean front-related effects are also touched on.
The distribution of dissolved silica in the deep western North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The distribution of dissolved silica in the deep western North Atlantic Ocean is described, the deep western boundary current along the continental rise of North America is identified, and it is shown that there is a significant change in the potential temperature-dissolved silica relationship along the path of the boundary current.
Geophysical Modeling of Two Willemite Deposits, Vazante (Brazil) And Beltana (Australia)

Non-sulfide zinc deposits (zinc “oxide” deposits) are becoming favored exploration targets due to new developments in metallurgy allowing for solvent-extraction and electrowinning. While geologic understanding of the genesis of these types of deposits is improving, there has been little work aimed at documenting their geophysical responses. We therefore investigate the geophysical signature of two major hypogene non-sulfide deposits, Vazante in Brazil and Beltana in Australia. Physical property values were measured for each deposit site and combined with geologic information to generate twoand three-dimensional models for geophysical modeling. Results indicate that gravity method will be valuable at both deposit sites for direct detection of either ore and/or the alteration halo associated with mineralization. Simulated magnetic data indicate that the responses will not be large enough at either site to warrant magnetic method in exploration for willemite. Electrical method simulations vary for the two deposit sites. At Vazante, neither DC resistivity or induced polarization (IP) will generate a detectable response based on physical property values; while at Beltana, simulated data and inversion results indicate that both techniques will be valuable as an exploration tool. It is clear based on these simulations that geophysics can be effectively used to explore for nonsulfide zinc deposits either through direct detection of ore bodies or through imaging of associated hydrothermal alteration.
Some observations on two-body abrasive wear

Abstract Pin-on-disc-type two-body abrasion tests were carried out on five metals with seven particle sizes over a range of loads, lengths of travel and sliding speeds. The familiar results that two-body abrasive wear is proportional to load and to distance travelled were confirmed. The “size effect”, in which particles below about 100 μm produce progressively less wear, was shown to be independent of load, sliding speed and prior cold working. Increasing the sliding speed from 1 to about 100 mm s −1 produced an increase in wear resistance of about 50% for AISI 1020 steel. An increase in velocity above 100 mm s −1 had little effect on the wear resistance. Plots of the wear resistance against the hardness of the annealed metal showed significant deviations from the linear relationship reported in the literature. The result is influenced by both sliding velocity and particle size.
Impurities in snowpacks.

Snow can be involved in the acquisition, transport, storage and release of atmospheric impurities. Because it can store impurities for periods of time ranging from hours to millenia, it provides a medium for monitoring atmospheric impurities for a wide range of time scales.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of tetrafluorodiphosphine

Abstract The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of tetrafluorodiphosphine (P 2 F 4 ) in C 2 h symmetry are examined theoretically using the gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion (P–F stretch, P–P stretch, PF 2 scissors, PF 2 twist, PF 2 wag, and PF 2 rock) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. By comparing the vibrational frequencies with infrared (IR) and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Theoretical IR and Raman intensities are reported.
Understory light regimes following silvicultural treatments in central hardwood forests in Kentucky, USA

Abstract Manipulation of the light regime is a primary goal of many silvicultural treatments, but the specific light conditions created remain poorly documented for many forest types and geographic locations. To help quantify effects of silvicultural treatments on light conditions, measurements of basal area, canopy cover, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), measured both instantaneously and across time, were collected in central hardwood forests in Kentucky, USA following silvicultural treatments. These measurements were used to: (1) Investigate the magnitudes of differences in understory percent ambient PAR following implementation of shelterwood with reserves and thinning treatments; (2) document the spatial and temporal distribution and variability of understory percent ambient PAR in shelterwood with reserves treatments (mean residual basal area = 5.2 m2/ha), thinning treatments (18.5 m2/ha), and untreated controls (27.1 m2/ha); and (3) examine relationships between: basal area and canopy cover; basal area and measured percent ambient PAR; and canopy cover and measured percent ambient PAR. Mean light levels from instantaneous measurements were 78% of ambient in the shelterwood with reserves, 33% of ambient in the thinning and 9% of ambient in the control. Similarly, only 1.3% of the approximately 140 h of PAR measurements in the controls indicated high light conditions (>60% of ambient), 15.9% in the thinning treatment and 65.4% in the shelterwood with reserves treatment. There were only 32 periods of high light found across all plots in the control, 176 periods of high light in the thinning treatment, and 441 periods of high light in the shelterwood with reserves treatment. Indexes of variability in light across time and among sampling locations within a stand did not differ statistically between the shelterwood with reserves and thinning treatments but both treatments were statistically more spatially and temporally variable than the uncut control. Simple linear regression relationships were observed between stand basal area and mean relative PAR (r2 = 0.8784 for instantaneous measurements, r2 = 0.9697 for continuous measurements), and basal area and canopy cover (r2 = 0.8479). Such relationships provide a means for including light management in forest planning and application of silvicultural treatments. The results for the distribution of light also suggest, however, that treated stands may have similar mean light levels, but differ substantially in the spatial and temporal distribution of light.
Glucose enters mitochondrial metabolism via both carboxylation and decarboxylation of pyruvate in pancreatic islets

Abstract The routes by which glucose-derived pyruvate is metabolized to enter mitochondrial pathways to stimulate insulin release in the pancreatic β cell are unknown. The 14 CO 2 ratios assay was used to estimate the fractions of glucose-derived pyruvate that enter the citric acid cycle by carboxylation and decarboxylation in pancreatic islets. Pyruvate 14 CO 2 ratios were estimated with glucose, and acetate 14 CO 2 ratios were estimated with succinate methyl ester. Glucose and methyl succinate, which are insulin secretagogues, gave more accurate ratios than ratios estimated with pyruvate and acetate, which do not initiate insulin release. The results indicate that relatively equal amounts of pyruvate enter the citric acid cycle by carboxylation and decarboxylation.
Action of methanethiol on membrane (Na+ , K+)-ATPase of rat brain.

Abstract The action of methanethiol (CH3SH) on rat brain (Na+, K+)-ATPase was examined. The results show that CH3SH acts at several sites on the enzyme system. The effects are characterized by an inhibition of the ATPase activity, but a concurrent stimulation of the associated K+-dependent phosphatase. The inhibitory effect of CH3SH was of an apparently mixed type with respect to the activation of the ATPase by Na+ or by ATP suggesting that CH3SH may inhibit the formation of phosphoenzyme intermediate in the ATPase reaction, and the inhibition may not be fully reversed by increasing Na+. Methanethiol inhibited the activation of the ATPase by K+ in an apparently uncompetitive manner, whereas it produced a competitive stimulation of the K+ activation of the K+-dependent phosphatase activity by increasing the affinity of K+ for the enzyme. There was no significant change in the apparent Km for the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate for the phosphatase activity. These effects of CH3SH may be relevant to its toxicity, and offer a possible molecular site of its action with implications for the encephalopathy of hepatic failure.
Identification and Recognition in Swedish Telephone Conversation Openings.

This study examines how identification and recognition is achieved in Swedish telephone conversation openings, and compares the patterning of Swedish telephone openings with the analyses of telephone conversation openings in other linguistic communities. The analysis suggests that Swedes overwhelmingly self-identify by name over the telephone, like Dutch interactants: but Swedes also avail themselves of the recognitional resources that have been found within American materials to achieve recognition without explicit name-proffer. This finding bears on orientations toward formality and informality in Swedish culture. (Conversation analysis, telephone conversation openings, communication and culture)* This article examines the sequential organization of Swedish telephone conversation openings, with a focus on how interactants formulate who they are to one another. Two primary practices through which persons can do this within the telephone conversation opening are (a) explicit self-identification and (b) other-recognition through voice sample. Past research suggests that these practices are culturally variable. In the United States there is a preference for other-recognition over explicit self-identification. In the Netherlands, by contrast, this preference is reversed. In both the US and the Dutch cases, this preference applies for both answerers and callers. The analysis presented in this article suggests that the Swedish preference lies between the American and Dutch extremes. On the one hand, Swedish answerers overwhelmingly provide self-identification when answering the telephone; on the other hand, Swedish callers avail themselves of the same resources that have been found in American materials to achieve other-recognition. These findings have implications for orientations toward formality and informality in Swed
Through-The-Earth Radio Communications For Trapped Miners

Through-the-earth radio offers a possible means of communication with trapped miners after a mining disaster. Much of the original work was the outgrowth of war research. Since the 1920's the efforts to develop through-the-earth radio have paralleled developing electromagnetic geophysical techniques. The electrical characteristics of the earth medium as well as the ambient electromagnetic noise have been determined and theoretical models of electromagnetic propagation have been derived. Since 1969, under U.S. Bureau of Mines leadership, numerous researchers have tried to develop deployable systems. Despite some successes the basic problem remains unresolved. Low frequency signals must be used to penetrate the earth to a sufficient depth; but low frequency equipment is bulky, heavy, expensive and requires large power supplies which are not available to trapped miners. New techniques utilizing miniaturized circuitry and computers shows promise of providing a technology from which workable through-the-earth ...
Chloroplast inorganic pyrophosphatase.

Abstract An alkaline, Mg2+-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase has been isolated from previously isolated spinach chloroplast. The activity of the enzyme was increased 100-fold, with a 42% yield, upon purification from the total soluble chloroplast enzymes. The pH optimum for the enzyme shifts from 9.0 at 5 mM Mg2+ to 7.0 at 40 mM Mg2+. The substrate for the reaction appears to be magnesium pyrophosphate, and anionic pyrophosphate is an effective inhibitor. There seems to be also an activating effect of Mg2+ on the enzyme at pH 7. No other cation substitutes for Mg2+ in activating the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate. Among anions tested, only F− caused severe inhibition. The enzyme is inactive towards fructose 1,6-diphosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate, ATP, and ADP. The possibility that this enzyme is subject to metabolic regulation is discussed in relation to an indicated role of pyrophosphate in the regulation of photosynthetic carbon reduction.
The Evolution of Religious Memes: Who-or What-Benefits?1

been a mere passing phase in human evolution; in even the most technocratic and materialistic comers of contemporary civilization, religion has found niches in which it flourishes. Why does it exist? The distinguished historian of ancient religion, Walter Burkert joins the impressive ranks of scholars who have ad dressed the question of the origin of religion, and unlike most of the others, he believes that the perspective of contemporary evolutionary biology can sharpen the questions and illuminate the issues. He is right. Dozens of insights leap from the pages of this fascinating book, arresting observations that cut across the standard banalities. He doesn't provide a single—let alone confirmed—answer to the ques tion of why religion exists, but he opens up the territory, raising many new—and investigatable—questions while organizing a wealth of historical detail for the benefit of future sleuths. Burkert writes with laudable detachment and frequent flashes of tart humor, but his as tringency is not always quite up to the task; he occasionally permits lardy bits from the nonscientific traditions to pass without criticism.
Spectroscopic Investigation of the Roles of F282 and W172 in the Ligand Pathway of Aa3 Cytochrome C Oxidase from Rhodobacter Sphaeroides

Knowledge of how the protein environment can tune ligand pathways and metal-based prosthetic group(s) in heme-copper oxidase is fundamental for understanding the catalytic functions of these enzymes. To establish possible relationships between the structural diversity of these enzymes and their ligand binding dynamics, we used photolabile O2 and NO complexes to compare the kinetics of molecular oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) reacting with reduced heme-copper oxidases from different species. For example, time-resolved optical absorption (TROA) measurements in our laboratory have shown that O2 and NO bind to reduced Thermos thermophilus ba3 with a superfast second-order rate constant of 1×109 M−1s−1, which is 10-times faster than observed for the aa3 oxidases.In this study, the structural and mechanistic features that moderate ligand access to the active site of aa3 cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) in Rhodobacter sphaeroidesaa3 were investigated by TROA spectroscopy. Two bulky amino acid residues (tryptophan 172 and phenylalanine 282) have been suggested to generate a putative constriction point along the ligand pathway to the active site in R. sphaeroides CcO. To investigate the possible roles of these amino acid residues in modulating ligand access, the tryptophan 172 and phenylalanine 282 were mutated to the less bulky tyrosine, and threonine residues present in Thermus thermophilusba3 oxidase. The reactions of O2 and NO with the fully reduced W172Y/F282T double mutant of the R. sphaeroides were investigated by TROA spectroscopy in combination with photolabile O2 and NO carriers. The results suggest that the amino acid residues under investigation may play an important structural role in ligand access to the active site in R. sphaeroidesaa3.
Technique of management of the left atrioventricular valve in the repair of atrioventricular septal defect with a common atrioventricular orifice

Despite improvement in the early outcome for patients undergoing complete repair of atrioventricular septal defects with a common atrioventricular orifice, the incidence of reoperation for failure of the repair of the left atrioventricular valve remains high. The surgical techniques employed in our most recent experience, including routine suture of the septal commissure and liberal use of valvar annuloplasty, were successful in achieving a very satisfactory competence of left atrioventricular valve with a iow incidence of reoperation for failure of the repair.
Partially Aligned Piezoelectric Nanofibers by Sol-Gel Electrospining Process

This paper reports the fabrication of partially aligned Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) nanofibers with an average diameter of 150 nm by Sol-Gel Electrospinning process. Both randomly distributed and uniaxially aligned PZT fibers were obtained from the sol-gel PZT solution with viscosity modified by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The diameters of the nano fibers can be further reduced or controlled for different applications. SEM, TEM and x-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to characterize the nano-fibers and their crystal structures. XRD confirmed that pure perovskite phase was formed after the as-spun fibers being annealed at about 650°C. Different approaches have been explored to fabricate the uniaxially-aligned PZT nano-fibers. Microelectromechanical (MEMS) based micro-fabrication technologies are used to assist the development of the nano-fibers in designing the test samples, depositing and patterning the electrodes, and also testing the performance of the nano fibers.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Balancing Security and Privacy in the Digital Workplace

Abstract Advances in information technology have boosted worker productivity while creating new security risks. In response, tools to curb these risks have been developed. There are inherent tradeoffs, though, between the new tools effectiveness and the degree to which they violate worker privacy. As corporations seek an appropriate compromise, they must also address significant legal and social changes. One purpose of this article is to increase managerial awareness of the security risk in the digital workplace. Next, the authors address the legal, ethical and practical constraints that bear on employee privacy. Finally, the authors propose a three-step process that seeks to integrate corporate response to all forms of change, while producing a win-win solution for all stakeholders.
History from the Healer's Shrine: Genre, Historical Imagination, and Early Ganda History

Recent interpretations of oral histories in Africa have been based increasingly on the premise that each teller creates a unique oral text. Oral sources, according to this new formulation, should not be "flattened by transcription," with individual voices operating interchangeably.' Rather, these sources should be heard with all of the personal, subjective, ambiguous, and contradictory inflections with which they circulate in practice.2 This emphasis on multiplicity, variability, and subjectivity represents a notable departure from earlier approaches to oral history that privileged "tradition" as a distinctive cultural form and, following a meticulous methodology pioneered by Jan Vansina,
A method for quantitative analysis of lumen changes in microvascular anastomoses.

This report describes a technique for quantitating changes in the wall and luminal area of a vessel after a microvascular anastomosis. This method can be used as a standard technique for assessing luminal changes, and therefore the degree of patency, when experimentally evaluating new materials and new techniques in microvascular surgery.
The Ovine Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus of the Medial Preoptic Area Is Organized Prenatally by Testosterone

A sexually dimorphic nucleus that can be identified in adult sheep by its characteristic pattern of cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA exists in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area and is called the ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN).Inotherspecies,male-typicalsexuallydimorphicpreoptic nuclei develop under the influence of gonadal testosterone exposure. Thus, we hypothesized that the oSDN develops before birth in the sheep and is organized by exposure to testosterone. To test this, we determined whether an identifiable oSDN is present in the fetal lamb brain at d 130–140 gestation (term 150 d). In situ hybridization for aromatase mRNA revealed a cell group in the caudal preoptic area that corresponded to the oSDN in adults. Quantitative analysis showed that the mean volume of the oSDN in late-gestation fetuses was significantly larger in male than in female lamb fetuses. We next treated a group of pregnant ewes with testosterone propionate (TP) from d 30–90 gestation and measured oSDN volumes in TP-exposed and control fetuses on d 135 gestation. The mean volume of the oSDN in female fetuses exposed to TP was significantly larger than in control females and also larger than in control and TP-exposed males. Taken together, these data demonstrate that testosterone acts during a prenatal critical period to organize the development of aromatase-expressing neurons into the male-typical oSDN in sheep. (Endocrinology 148: 4450–4457, 2007)
Physostigmine for treatment of delirium tremens.

: Two case reports of complicated delirium tremens are presented with documentation of successful management with physostigmine. The therapy of delirium tremens is reviewed and theoretical considerations discussed, with reference to an adrenergic/cholinergic imbalance model for delirium tremens.
The Knowledge Loom: supporting school improvement through online dissemination of best practices and collaborative inquiry to put them into action

The Knowledge Loom (http://knowledgeloom.org) web site, its companion Professional Development Workbook, and content partner data-input interface are examples of technology-supported tools intended to build learning communities that develop teaching expertise. The goal is to collect distributed teaching and learning knowledge and begin the process of weaving it into a rich tapestry of understanding of teaching and learning. The Knowledge Loom is a place where the work of educational researchers and practitioners comes together to put what works in teaching and learning into practice.
Linearity of Sequential Machines

A sequential machine is defined to be linear if its next-state function and output function are linear transformations from their domains (vector spaces) to their ranges (also vector spaces). It is shown that this definition is equivalent to those given by other authors. Based on this definition, a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for the flow table of a sequential machine to be linear is obtained. Many properties of the flow table of a linear sequential machine are found, and in many cases they form very simple tests for the linearity of a flow table. A general procedure for testing the linearity of a flow table is established. This procedure, including the coding of the states, inputs, and outputs, either ends with a linear realization of the flow table with the minimum possible numbers of state variables, input variables, and output variables, or detects that such a linear realization for the flow table is impossible. The type of sequential machine considered in this paper is deterministic and synchronous, and both Moore model and Mealy model are studied in detail. The linearity of incompletely specified sequential machines is also discussed.
Projective Dynamics Analysis of Magnetization Reversal

The computational Projective Dynamics method is used to analyze simulations of magnetization reversal in nanoscale magnetic pillars. It is shown that this method can be used to determine the magnetizations corresponding to the metastable minimum and saddle point in the free energy, and the free-energy barrier associated with those points. For the nanopillars studied here, entropy is found to provide a significant contribution to the free-energy barrier which determines the reversal time scale.
Collective electron states in ZnxFe3−xO4 and CdxFe3−xO4 for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.3

Abstract 57 Fe Mossbauer measurements of Zn x Fe 3− x O 4 and Cd x Fe 3− x O 4 have been made at 300 K in zero applied field and at 180 K in zero and 55 kG applied fields. The compositional dependence of the isomer shifts, B to A area ratios and hyperfine fields, which are sensitive to and diagnostic of the conduction mechanism, have been determined under all three experimental settings. The decreasing isomer shift difference between the A and B site, and increasing area ratio are in good agreement with the predictions of band conduction. The hyperfine field at the B site having no Zn or Cd A site neighbors is also observed to increase for small x values, again, in good accord with band conduction.
New Developments, Advances, and Possibilities in Cognitive Therapy Supervision

ABSTRACT Supervision in cognitive therapy is structured, focused, and supportive. It facilitates the acquisition and maintenance of therapeutic skills, while simultaneously attending to the personal development of the therapist. Some important refinements to cognitive therapy (regarding the therapeutic alliance and the case conceptualization) have occurred in the last decade. Therapists who do not regularly receive supervision are likely to miss these refinements and drift from the basics of cognitive therapy. This paper reviews developments in cognitive therapy supervision that aim to reduce therapist movement away from the theory and teach therapists about ongoing refinements to cognitive therapy.
Tenascin-C lines the migratory pathways of avian primordial germ cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells

Tenascin-C is a large hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein associated with epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, connective tissue development, and the formation of the central nervous system. Tenascin-C also lines the pathways followed by migrating avian neural crest cells, although its role in neural crest morphogenesis remains unclear. In vitro, tenascin-C interferes with cell-fibronectin interactions, and promotes the motility of many cell types including the neural crest. To determine if tenascin-C is a consistent component of matrices through which invasive embryonic cells migrate, we have investigated if tenascin-C is associated with 2 additional populations of motile, embryonic cells: primordial germ cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. We have found that HNK-1, a monoclonal antibody used as a marker of neural crest, also stains avian primordial germ cells. Double-label immunohistochemistry reveals that tenascin-C is found in the mesenchyme adjacent to the ventral half of the dorsal aorta where the primordial germ cells penetrate the vessel wall, and both tenascin-C and fibronectin are present in the extracellular matrix through which the primordial germ cells migrate to reach the genital ridges. Unlike fibronectin, which is found throughout the splanchnic mesoderm, tenascin-C is concentrated in the proximal part of the splanchnic region where the primordial germ cells are concentrated. In embryos where the gonadal anlagen are surgically removed before the primordial germ cells leave the bloodstream, ectopic primordial germ cells were found exclusively in head and trunk mesenchyme containing tenascin-C. Like primordial germ cells, a subset of hematopoietic progenitor cells migrate through the mesenchyme ventral to the dorsal aorta where they form hematopoietic clusters. Others bud directly into the lumen of the aorta. Anti-tenascin-C stains the mesenchyme surrounding the migrating cells as well as the basal surfaces of the cells that appear to be budding into the lumen. In situ hybridization with a tenascin-C-specific cDNA probe shows that the major sources of the tenascin-C mRNA in this region are the hematopoietic progenitor cells themselves as well as the cells in the wall of the ventral aorta. mRNAs encoding 3 major splice variants of tenascin-C were identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the embryonic aorta and adjacent mesenchyme dissected from both the region of primordial germ cell and hematopoietic precursor cell migration. These experiments indicate that tenascin-C is a component of the migratory environment for many motile cells in the early embryo, where it has the potential to mediate cell-fibronectin interactions. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sleep apnea and health-related quality of life in African-American elderly.

The relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and sleep apnea was examined in a sample of elderly African-Americans screened for snoring and daytime sleepiness. Seventy African-Americans over the age of 65 years completed a comprehensive sleep questionnaire, the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Core Measures of HRQOL (116-item Long Version) and had sleep recorded. Those with moderate-severe sleep apnea had significantly lower Physical Component summary scores than those with no sleep apnea (p<0.05). After controlling for medical conditions, sleep apnea was significantly related to both general physical functioning and general mental health functioning in those with mild apnea (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] <15), but not in those with moderate to severe apnea. There was an initial decrease in HRQOL up to an AHI level of 15, at which point HRQOL remained at a lowered level. The QWB scores of our sleep apnea sample were similar to the QWB scores found in patients with depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suggesting that sleep disturbances may impact daily living and health as much as other medical conditions.
Electron microprobe analysis as a novel technique to study the interface between thermoset and thermoplastic polymers

Abstract Bilayer films between thermoset epoxy and thermoplastic poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were prepared by casting a stoichiometric mixture of the uncured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy (DGEBA) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) on a PVP film and then curing the system in a two-step process under an inert gas atmosphere. The resultant interface was analyzed by electron microprobe analysis (EMP). The EMP results demonstrated that the interface formation was predominantly controlled in the initial cure stage, and that the diffusion at the interface was suppressed significantly after the epoxy formed the network structure. New EMP techniques were developed to analyze the polymer–polymer interface and to obtain not only the concentration profile but also the image of the interface. The limit of the resolution was 1.6 μm under the experimental conditions employed in this study.
Rapid Clearance of Lyme Disease Spirochetes Lacking OspC from Skin

We previously demonstrated that Borrelia burgdorferi requires OspC to colonize a mammalian host. To delineate this requirement, we analyzed the clearance of ospC mutant spirochetes and found that they were eliminated within 48 h. We conclude that B. burgdorferi uses OspC to resist innate host defenses immediately after transmission.