cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amorphous silicon germanium alloy film deposition with in situ plasma diagnostics

Abstract Amorphous silicon germanium alloy (a-SiGe:H) thin films were deposited by r.f. glow discharge using SiH4, GeH4 and H2 gas mixtures. The SiH4 and GeH4 plasmas were analyzed by in situ coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) to determine the dissociation characteristics of SiH4 and GeH4. In situ CARS measurements of SiH4 and GeH4 number densities were performed during a-SiGe:H film depositions as a function of the r.f. power. The steady-state SiH4 and GeH4 depletion are linearly dependent on the r.f. power. The slope of the silane and the germane depletion are measured to be 0.22% (mW cm−2)−1 and 0.6% (mW cm−2)−1 respectively. The germane depletion is a factor of 2.7 larger than the silane depletion. The silane and germane dissociation rates in a closed-chamber r.f. glow discharge were also measured by CARS. The GeH4 number density decay time constant depends on the GeH4 partial pressure and the H2 dilution. The critical role of the hydrogen dilution in GeH4 containing plasma is to suppress the gas phase polymerization process. The hydrogen dillution effect in the a-SiGe:H film growth is to enhance the germanium content of the film and to reduce the film deposition rate. In situ plasma diagnostics and film characterization measurements were used to develop optimized deposition conditions for producing highly photosensitive a-SiGe:H films. Amorphous SiGe:H films with a light-to-dark conductivity ratio of 8 × 103 and an optical band gap of 1.40 eV were deposited.
The Elbow: Radiographic Imaging Pearls and Pitfalls

Diagnostic imaging of the elbow has seen remarkable advances in the last several years. The multiplanar capabilities and increasing availability of magnetic resonance (MR) and volumetric multislice computed tomographic (CT) imaging allow exquisitely detailed imaging of the osseous and articular components of the elbow. In addition, MR imaging, with its superior soft-tissue contrast, is optimally suited to evaluate the supporting softtissue structures and articular cartilage, without the use of ionizing radiation. 1,2 Sonography has also shown promise in the evaluation of soft tissues, articular surfaces, detection of loose bodies, and in the diagnosis and healing of fractures. 1,3 However, despite these advances in elbow imaging, conventional radiography remains the most appropriate initial imaging technique of the elbow and its disorders. 1,2 This review focuses on the typical radiographic findings associated with several clinical entities that one may expect to see in daily clinical practice. The indications for and imaging features of more advanced complementary modalities are also briefly discussed.
QUANTUM MONTE CARLO ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRAINED FERMIONS

Using path integral quantization in the subspace that forbids double occupancy, we introduce a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for simulation of fermion models with constraint. The algorithm can be applied to a class of lattice fermion models, including the infinite-U Hubbard model and the t - J model.
Where are our Daughters, Mothers, Sisters, and Wives?: A Typological Analysis of Missing Women and Girls in Greater China, 1900–2000s

Advancing a typology for missing women and young girls in Greater China (China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) has been a task seldom engaged in by feminist criminologists, specialists in East Asian history, or sociologists specializing in women’s studies in the last decades. Partially because of this situation, people tend to believe that missing women and young girls in Greater China are abandoned or abducted persons, and that it is not difficult to categorize this group. The author of this paper argues that missing women and young girls in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan are not merely abandoned or abducted persons. On the contrary, the socioeconomic, political, and/or cultural factors that separate some Chinese/Hong Kongese/Taiwanese females from their families are highly heterogeneous. With this in mind, the theme of this paper is to develop a classification system for missing females in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Three variables are used to construct this classification system: personal choice, slavery, and sociological locus. Each of these factors is divided into two levels: forced/voluntary (F/V) migration for personal choice; involvement/non-involvement (I/N) of economically exploited labor for slavery; and unlikelihood/likelihood (U/L) of family reunification for sociological locus. Based on combinations of these stated variables, missing women/young girls in Greater China are conceptually categorized as FIU, FNU, FIL, FNL, VIU, VNU, VIL, and VNL types.
On terrane analysis

Many recent papers on displaced crustal masses are organized around `terranes' given only geographic names, and are bewildering for other than local experts; self-explanatory descriptive or genetic terms should be incorporated in most designations. Plate-tectonic interpretations of aggregated terranes that incorporate awareness of how modern arc systems vary and evolve contain implicit and testable predictions, but too many interpretations are based instead on invalid assumptions. As actualistic models are applied to analyses of orogenic belts, much more mobilistic interpretations than those generally now visualized will probably emerge. An example is made of the Carpathian region.
Differential Morphology of the RD Virus from the Human Rhabdomyosarcoma, RD-114B Cell Line demonstrated by Negative Staining Electron Microscopy

THE human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines (RD) established by McAllister1 produced tumours in kittens2. The RD-114B cell line, started from one of these tumours, was karyotyped as human and was found to contain C-type particles3. Antigenic studies of the RD virus indicate that it is not related to any of the known feline or murine C-type particles3. With conventional negative staining electron microscopy4, we have found, by comparative morphological studies, that the RD virus has features that distinguish it from murine leukaemia viruses and from feline leukaemia and sarcoma viruses.
Genetic control of sexual behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster , the male's ability to perform courtship and the female's ability to elicit these behaviors are controlled by the number of X chromosomes in specific tissue, a gene called Sex-lethal that responds to the number of X chromosomes, and several genes that are regulated by Sex-lethal .
Basic Concepts for a Psychology of Personality

Resume L'auteur suggere que l'etude systematique de la nature humaine—la personnologie—a grand besoin d'une methode de proceder laquelle est basee sur un plan conceptuel satisfaisant. Dans ce but, on avance les propositions suivantes: (1) Les processus qui interessent enfin le psychologue se trouvent dans la region du cerveau. Ce sont ceux-ci qu'on devraient rendre conceptuels. (2) Le cours en apparence continu de ces processus controlants est supposement compose d'evenements discontinus, se succedant rapidement, dont on peut appeler chacun une regnance. (3) On peut regarder chaque regnance comme une propagation sensori-motrice—une integralite complexe de processus mutuellement dependants laquelle dure la fraction d'une seconde. (4) Une seule regnance est organisee et des regnances successives sont liees par la duree d'une tension particuliere de direction—qu'on appellera un besoin (impulsion). (5) Un besoin est une force qui (si non inhibee) encourage l'activite qui (si adequate) fait venir une situation...
Antecedents and Consequences of Online Social Interactions

Abstract Online social interactions occur in many venues, from e-mail lists and Usenet newsgroups to real-time chat-rooms and multiuser domains (MUDs). We conceptualize such online interactions as intentional social action and study its individual-level antecedents (attitudes, perceived behavioral control [PBC], anticipated emotions) and social-level antecedents (subjective norms, group norms, social identity). Further, we examine a number of its key behavioral outcome consequences such as changes in offline interactions with family and friends, engagement in neighborhood activities and hobby groups, and the use of such mass media as television, radio, and print publications. An empirical study involving 545 members of 7 different types of high- and low-interactivity online venues not only supports our theoretical framework but uncovers interesting venue- and gender-related differences among participants.
Direct Detection of Soft Radiation above 50 Kilometers in the Auroral Zone

In two high-altitude rocket flights of thin-walled Geiger tubes at geomagnetic latitudes 64\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 74\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}N, a considerable intensity of soft radiation has been encountered above 50 kilometers altitude. No such radiation has been found in flights of identical equipment at 88.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and at 55.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The radiation is tentatively interpreted as the high-energy tail of the auroral spectrum. It may consist of electrons.
Nonlinear Acoustics in Ultrasound Metrology and other Selected Applications.

Abstract A succinct background explaining why, initially, both the scientific community and industry were skeptical about the existence of the nonlinear (NL) wave propagation in tissue will be given and the design of an adequately wideband piezoelectric polymer hydrophone probe that was eventually used to verify that the 1–5 MHz probing wave then used in diagnostic ultrasound imaging was undergoing nonlinear distortion and generated harmonics in tissue will be discussed. The far-reaching implications of the advent of the piezoelectric PVDF polymer material will be reviewed and the advances in ultrasound metrology prompted by the regulatory agencies such as US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) will be presented. These advances include the development of absolute calibration techniques for hydrophones along with the methods of accounting for spatial averaging corrections up to 100 MHz and the development of “point-receiver” hydrophone probes utilizing acousto-optic sensors. Next, selected therapeutic applications of nonlinear ultrasonics (NLU), including lithotripters will be briefly discussed. Also, the use of shock waves as pain relief tool and in abating penicillin resistant bacteria that develop rock hard “biofilm” that can be shattered by the finite amplitude wave will also be mentioned. The growing applications of NLU in cosmetic industry where it is used for redistribution and reduction of fatty tissue within the body will be briefly reviewed, and, finally, selected examples of NLU applications in retail and entertainment industry will also be pointed out.
The3F3 nucleon-nucleon partial-wave scattering amplitude as a resonance plus a background

Recent comprehensive partial-wave analyses of the world nucleonnucleon elastic scattering data show structure in the3F3 partial-wave scattering amplitude in the (2.15/2.30) GeV ceentre-of-mass energy region. Interpreting this structure as the result of a resonant behaviour, we present a complete set of resonance parameters by representing the amplitude as a smoothly varying background plus a resonance.
Limited wrist arthrodesis-A laboratory study

By means of an external fixator, 11 limited wrist "fusions" in eight freshly frozen cadaver wrists were studied. An electrogoniometer measured prefusion and postfusion range of motion, and the percentage of loss of motion was determined and then averaged for all eight wrists. The three fusions that crossed the radiocarpal row lost approximately 55% flexion/extension (F/E). The five fusions that crossed the intercarpal row lost approximately 27% F/E, and the three fusions within a single carpal row lost approximately 12% F/E. These results may be helpful to determine which limited wrist fusion to perform.
Lebanon-Weathering the Perfect Storms

This paper reviews Lebanon's ability to manage financial pressures following severe shocks despite its large public debt overhang and significant external vulnerabilities. Based on interviews with market participants in Beirut and London, the paper concludes that Lebanon's ability to weather what appear to be "perfect storms" derives from three characteristics: a perceived implicit guarantee from donors; Lebanon's track record of having never defaulted on external debt or deposits; and the unique market structure for Lebanese debt which is dominated by local banks and "dedicated" investors and depositors.
Kinetic analysis of calcium binding to concanavalin A.

Abstract The kinetics of calcium binding to concanavalin A was studied utilizing ultraviolet difference spectral measurements. The results show that calcium binds to the lectin in a biphasic process: a rapid and reversible phase, followed by a relaxation phase with a k obs of 0.012 sec −1 . Kinetic measurements were used to calculate the association constant, K a , for calcium binding to concanavalin A of 2.7 x 10 4 M −1 , in reasonable agreement with values obtained by equilibrium methods.
The synthesis of some substituted macrocyclic polyether‐diester compounds with the malonyl moiety

A series of seven substituted macrocyclic polyether-diester compounds containing the malonyl moiety have been prepared.
A Glass Water Still

A glass distilling apparatus for water is described. It consists of a Pyrex flask attached to a condenser of the same material in such a way that the water level is maintained during operation. The heater is a 600 watt element made of nickel-chromium wire and directly immersed in the water. The capacity is about 700 cc per hour. The operation is automatic and the efficiency is about 85 per cent.
Isolation and Epitope Mapping of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Single-Domain Antibodies

Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), derived from the heavy chain only antibodies found in camelids such as llamas have the potential to provide rugged detection reagents with high affinities, and the ability to refold after denaturation. We have isolated and characterized sdAbs specific to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) which bind to two distinct epitopes and are able to function in a sandwich immunoassay for toxin detection. Characterization of these sdAbs revealed that each exhibited nanomolar binding affinities or better. Melting temperatures for the sdAbs ranged from approximately 60 °C to over 70 °C, with each demonstrating at least partial refolding after denaturation and several were able to completely refold. A first set of sdAbs was isolated by panning the library using adsorbed antigen, all of which recognized the same epitope on SEB. Epitope mapping suggested that these sdAbs bind to a particular fragment of SEB (VKSIDQFLYFDLIYSI) containing position L45 (underlined), which is involved in binding to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Differences in the binding affinities of the sdAbs to SEB and a less-toxic vaccine immunogen, SEBv (L45R/Y89A/Y94A) were also consistent with binding to this epitope. A sandwich panning strategy was utilized to isolate sdAbs which bind a second epitope. This epitope differed from the initial one obtained or from that recognized by previously isolated anti-SEB sdAb A3. Using SEB-toxin spiked milk we demonstrated that these newly isolated sdAbs could be utilized in sandwich-assays with each other, A3, and with various monoclonal antibodies.
Fatigue and Other Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Do Women and Men Differ?

Objective Describe the symptoms experienced by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), compare women and men with regard to their physical and psychologic symptoms, and determine the predictors of fatigue for the group as a whole and for women separately. Design Correlational, predictive. Participants One hundred four (48 women/56 men) outpatients with severe COPD and a mean age of 60 years. Measures Self-report of fatigue using the SF-36 energy/fatigue subscale and a "lack of energy" question. Self-report of dyspnea, general symptoms using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and psychologic symptoms using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gas levels. Results Patients reported a moderate level of fatigue (mean of 44 on the SF-36), with no difference in the reports of men and women. When reporting their "lack of energy" during the past week, women reported more fatigue than did men. Other symptoms in descending order of reporting were dyspnea and cough. More women reported "don't look like myself" than did men. Women and men were similar in their psychologic symptoms except anxiety, which was higher in women (t = 2.64, p Conclusions Predictors of fatigue were similar for women compared to the group as a whole, with symptoms having more of an impact on fatigue than did physiologic variables.
Baryon magnetic moments in a simultaneous expansion in 1/N and m(s)

We consider the baryon octet and decuplet magnetic moments in a simultaneous expansion in [ital m][sub [ital s]] and 1/[ital N] taking [ital N][sub [ital F]]/[ital N][similar to]1, where [ital N] is the number of QCD colors and [ital N][sub [ital F]] is the number of light quark flavors. At leading order in this expansion, the magnetic moments obey the nonrelativistic quark-model relations. We compute corrections to these relations using an effective Lagrangian formalism which respects chiral symmetry to all orders in the 1/[ital N] expansion. Including corrections up to order [ital m][sub [ital s]][sup 1/2], we find eight relations among the nine measured octet and decuplet magnetic moments; including corrections up to order 1/[ital N] and [ital m][sub [ital s]], we find four remaining relations. The relations work well, and suggest that the expansion is under control. We give predictions for the unmeasured magnetic moments.
Nonhepatosplenic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: Associated Diseases, Pathology, Clinical Course, and Treatment

Objective To define associated clinical conditions, pathology, natural history, and treatment outcome of nonhepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis (NHS-EMH). Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of all patients identified as having NHS-EMH from 1975 to 2002. Diagnosis was made by tissue biopsy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, or radionuclide bone marrow scanning. Results We identified 27 patients with antemortem diagnosis of NHS-EMH. The most common associated condition and disease site were myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) (in 18 patients [67%]) and the vertebral column (in 7 patients [26%]; all involving the thoracic region), respectively. At the time of diagnosis of NHS-EMH, concurrent splenic EMH (in 22 patients [82%]; 15 [56%] had undergone splenectomy) and red blood cell transfusion dependency (in 12 patients [44%]) were prevalent. Of the 27 patients, 9 (33%) required no specific therapy. Specific therapy was radiation (in 7 patients with a 71% response rate) and surgical excision (in 6 patients with a 67% response). Treatment-associated complications were limited to surgery. Radiation therapy was not used in the non-MMM group, but low-dose radiation therapy was used in the MMM group for paraspinal or intraspinal EMH (median dose, 1 Gy; range, 1-10 Gy), pleural or pulmonary disease (median dose, 1.25 Gy; range, 1.00-1.50 Gy), and abdominal or pelvic disease (median dose, 2.02 Gy; range, 1.50-4.50 Gy). Median survival after the diagnosis of NHS-EMH was 13 months in the MMM group and 21 months in the non-MMM group. Conclusions This retrospective study suggests that NHS-EMH is rare, is often associated with MMM, and preferentially affects the thoracic spinal region. Asymptomatic disease may require no specific treatment, whereas symptomatic disease is best managed with low-dose radiation therapy.
Defining characteristics of communication quality in culture-changed long-term healthcare facilities

AbstractInter-staff communication plays a significant role on the efficiency of healthcare delivery and on patients’ health outcomes; however, previous studies focused on communication and its associated effects at facilities, such as resident-centered long-term care settings, are extremely limited. The current survey study investigates inter-staff communication characteristics and patterns based on staff's roles and responsibilities in a culture-changed nursing home. ‘Timeliness’, ‘accuracy’, ‘understanding’, ‘effectiveness’, and ‘openness’, five dimensions of communication quality, are used to evaluate staff's preferred communication modalities and behaviors. Results found that 28.3% of respondents have more than one role or responsibility. Therefore, strategies for communication modalities and qualities vary accordingly. Among different modalities, synchronous communication modalities were most preferred to achieve the five communication quality dimensions in all groups, but there were significant diff...
Vertically polarizing undulator with the dynamic compensation of magnetic forces for the next generation of light sources

A short prototype (847-mm-long) of an Insertion Device (ID) with the dynamic compensation of ID magnetic forces has been designed, built, and tested at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of the Argonne National Laboratory. The ID magnetic forces were compensated by the set of conical springs placed along the ID strongback. Well-controlled exponential characteristics of conical springs permitted a very close fit to the ID magnetic forces. Several effects related to the imperfections of actual springs, their mounting and tuning, and how these factors affect the prototype performance has been studied. Finally, series of tests to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of the ID magnetic gap settings have been carried out. Based on the magnetic measurements of the ID Beff, it has been demonstrated that the magnetic gaps within an operating range were controlled accurately and reproducibly within ±1 μm. Successful tests of this ID prototype led to the design of a 3-m long device based on the same concept. The 3-m long prototype is currently under construction. It represents R&D efforts by the APS toward APS Upgrade Project goals as well as the future generation of IDs for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS).
Effect of Large Quadrupole Interactions on Nuclear Radiofrequency Spectra at Twice Larmor Frequency

The work of B. T. Feld and W. E. Lamb [Phys. Rev. 67, 15 (1945)] on the effect of a nuclear electrical quadrupole moment on the radiofrequency absorption spectrum of a heteronuclear diatomic molecule in a magnetic field is extended to a special case not considered by them. This is a case in which the electrical quadrupole interaction energy is so large that even in magnetic fields of several thousand gauss the magnetic interaction energies are small compared to the electrical quadrupole interaction energy. In this case it is shown theoretically that for a spin of $\frac{3}{2}$ there are certain circumstances under which a maximum of absorption will occur at double the Larmor frequency instead of at the Larmor frequency and will have a field and molecule dependence similar in many ways to a resonance at the Larmor frequency. This result has the important implication that special care must be used in identifying the radiofrequency resonance absorption spectra or an error of a factor of two in the value of a nuclear magnetic moment can easily be made. The approximate shape and intensity of the radiofrequency absorption spectrum under these circumstances is calculated in order that a comparison of the theoretical shapes and intensities with the experimental ones can be used as a means of recognizing if an absorption is a double Larmor frequency one.
Diagnostic Value of HMB-45 and Anti-Melan A Staining of Sentinel Lymph Nodes with Isolated Positive Cells

Numerous immunohistochemical stains have been employed to detect metastatic melanoma in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies. HMB-45 is considered by some as a specific tool to detect early metastatic melanoma (1). Occasionally, one or two isolated HMB-45–positive cells may cause complications in diagnostic interpretation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability of HMB-45 staining of SLNs with sparse isolated positive cells and to compare its staining with anti–Melan A antibody. HMB-45 and anti–Melan A antibody immunostaining was performed on (Group A) 15 histologically negative SLNs excised from patients with malignant melanoma (MM) and on (Group B) 15 histologically negative SLNs excised from patients with breast carcinoma (BC). None of the patients had clinical evidence of systemic metastasis at the time of SLN biopsy. Five cutaneous biopsies with changes of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIHP) were also stained with both antibodies. HMB-45 staining was repeated in all Group B SLNs after blocking endogenous biotins. Electron-microscopic studies were performed on all cases of PIHP. Isolated HMB-45–stained cells were present in 6 of 15 SLNs removed for MM; 8 of 15 for BC; and 3 of 5 cutaneous biopsies of PIHP. HMB-45 reactivity persisted after blocking endogenous biotins in 6 of 8 positive SLNs from Group B. Anti–Melan A antibody was negative in all SLNs of group A and B and in dermal melanophages of all five cases of PIHP. HMB-45 positivity was demonstrated in histologically negative SLNs and cutaneous biopsies, especially in the milieu of aggregated melanophages. Phagocytosis of premelanosomes by macrophages in the draining lymph nodes may account for isolated cell positivity and can hinder correct diagnostic interpretation. HMB-45 may not be a reliable marker for the detection of micro-metastasis of MM and requires correlation with other immunohistochemical markers, such as anti–Melan A antibody, to enhance specificity.
Tunable Field Control Over the Binding Energy of Single Dopants by a Charged Vacancy in GaAs

Local manipulation of electric fields at the atomic scale may enable new methods for quantum transport and creates new opportunities for field control of ferromagnetism and spin-based quantum information processing in semiconductors. We used a scanning tunneling microscope to position charged arsenic (As) vacancies in the gallium arsenide 110 [GaAs(110)] surface with atomic precision, thereby tuning the local electrostatic field experienced by single manganese (Mn) acceptors. The effects of this field are quantified by measuring the shift of an acceptor state within the band gap of GaAs. Experiments with varying tip-induced band-bending conditions suggest a large binding energy for surface-layer Mn, which is reduced by direct Coulomb repulsion when the As vacancy is moved nearby.
Accelerated spike resampling for accurate multiple testing controls

Controlling for multiple hypothesis tests using standard spike resampling techniques often requires prohibitive amounts of computation. Importance sampling techniques can be used to accelerate the computation. The general theory is presented, along with specific examples for testing differences across conditions using permutation tests and for testing pairwise synchrony and precise lagged-correlation between many simultaneously recorded spike trains using interval jitter.
High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis in the Lower Extremity

Objectives: The effectiveness of endovascular brachytherapy (EVBT) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting (PTAS) has been limited by edge stenosis and late thrombosis. We evaluated a novel protocol of PTA and EVBT for ISR in lower extremity occlusive disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center review of patients treated with PTA and EVBT for ISR in the iliac and femoropopliteal segments between 11/2004 and 11/2012. Twenty Gy in a single fraction was prescribed to 0.5 mm beyond the radius of the largest balloon and with proximal and distal margins of at least 2 cm. Stents were duplexed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months, and then yearly. The primary endpoint was freedom from $75% restenosis in the treated segment. Patency data were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Forty-two consecutive cases of EVBT for ISR in iliac (24%; n 1⁄4 10) and femoropopliteal (38%; n 1⁄4 32) arteries were performed. Twenty patients (47.6%) had claudication, five (11.9%) had critical limb ischemia, and 17 (40.4%) were asymptomatic. Median time from stenting to EVBT was 594 days (interquartile range, 324-1124 days). Thirteen (31%) patients underwent additional stent placement at time of EVBT. Mean treated length was 23.5 6 12.3 cm over mean duration of 16.1 6 9.6 minutes. Median post-EVBT follow-up time was 675 days (interquartile range, 272-967 days). There were two periprocedural and five late thrombotic occlusions. There was one death, thought to be unrelated to EVBT. Post-EVBT patency data are shown in the Fig. Primary-assisted patency rates for recurrent ISR of $50% were identical to that of $75%. Conclusions: EVBT appears to be a promising option for ISR in the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries, particularly with a strategy of intervening upon at-risk stents prior to occlusion. Future studies may help delineate which patients will benefit maximally from EVBT.
Water-Soluble Ethylene Complex with Platinum: Water Stability and Reaction with Diethylamine

A water-soluble ethylene complex of platinum, cis-PtCl2(TPPTS)(C2H4), is prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods in comparison to the PPh3 analogue. The ethylene complex is stable in water from pH 0 to 9. At pH 10.5 the complex decomposes to C2H5OH and CH3CHO over a few days. Reaction of cis-PtCl2(TPPTS)(C2H4) with NHEt2 in DMF gives cis-PtCl2(TPPTS)(CH2CH2NHEt2), which was characterized by NMR. Thus the water-soluble ethylene complex, which is stable in water to pH 9, is susceptible to nucleophilic attack.
Land disposal of mixed human and animal wastes: A review

Abstract Combining septic tank effluent and animal wastes (mixed wastes) for eventual application to land is being proposed as an alternative wastewater disposal system. Both types of waste are spread on land separately, and private practice may be to mix and spread them together, but in most of the United States mixing of these wastes for land disposal is illegal. No research has been done to assess the hazards associated with spreading mixed wastes on land. The concern is with the impact on public health of adding septic tank effluent to animal wastes for disposal as animal wastes. The effects of pathogens already present in animal waste are presumably allowed for in current U.S. regulations. Pathogens in mixed wastes include viruses, bacteria and parasites. Viruses are not always present in on-site waste disposal systems, but when present are in high numbers. Most viral particles will pass through the septic tank and will remain viable. Transmission will be prevented if these particles are retained in soil or other solids until any of several factors deprive them of infectivity. As animals are the chief reservoir of most enteric bacteria that are pathogenic to man, no additional hazards from bacteria are expected in a mixed waste system. Some parasite eggs and cysts will settle into the bottom of the septic tank, but significant numbers will pass through and will remain viable. Retention with solids will minimize transmission through food and water. In all instances it is important to match land use and waste disposal carefully.
Optofluidic Nano-Plasmonics for Biosensing

We explore metal-dielectric nano-plasmonic structures for localization and resonant transmission of optical fields, investigate fabrication and integration of optofluidic nano-plasmonic systems and explore their applications for biochemical sensing.
Section characteristics of a finite, swept circulation control airfoil

A three-dimensional wind-tunnel test of a circulation control wing has been performed. The data obtained indicated that the section characteristics for the wing may be approximated from two-dimensional data, even in the presence of wing sweep and finite span. No first-order effects of sweep were apparent in the degree of mixing between the trailing-edge jet and the upper surface boundary layer. The finite extent of the trailing-edge jet was shown to introduce additional contributions to the downwash distribution along the span in response to the vorticity shed at the jet extremities.
Algorithmic Thinking: Program that Solve Well-defined Visual Problems (Abstract Only)

In early 2014 I created and taught an introductory CS course for non-CS students at Mount Holyoke College. I chose to emphasize algorithmic thinking as a way of solving problems on and off the computer, so I needed concrete and appealing problems for the students to solve. Having the students create their own problems was my way of doing so.Based on a one week introduction to visual design, each student designed the image or animation that they would later program. As they did so outside class, the students and I collaborated in class solving the problems of implementing a design I had chosen: solving design problems of their own overlapped with algorithmic solution of implementation problems in class. Subsequently, they applied the classroom lessons to their own designs. The result was a collection of programmed images and animations the students were eager to show their families and friends.The dual nature of their practice appealed to the students: they were motivated to do the course-work; they took ownership of their work and of skills they acquired; they formed a cohesive community working together in the lab. Modeling on the classroom work in which they participated was effective in building programming skills. Most important several students expressed unprompted interest in taking a follow-on course.
Accuracies of laminar counterflow flame experiments

Abstract Counterflow configurations are useful for investigating the structures of premixed, non-premixed, and partially premixed flames. Ignition and extinction conditions also are readily measured in this configuration. There is a wide range of different possible designs of apparatus to be used in such measurements. The choices vary from opposing nozzle flows without any flow-smoothing screens to opposing flows through porous plates. It is desirable to select designs that correspond best to the conditions treated in available codes for calculating reacting flows because this facilitates comparisons of experimental and computational results. The most convenient codes to use are for steady laminar flows with one-dimensional scalar fields, and they often impose rotational plug-flow conditions at the boundaries. Accuracies of axisymmetric counterflow flame measurements in experiments intended to conform to these conditions are estimated here for designs of large aspect ratios with straight-duct feed streams that have multiple-screen flow-smoothing exits. Causes of departures from assumptions underlying computational programs are addressed by methods that involve theoretical analysis, experimental measurement, and axisymmetric computation. It is concluded that experimental results would not be expected to differ from predictions made with plug-flow boundary conditions by more than five percent for properly designed counterflow experiments of this straight-duct, multiple-screen type.
Is the United States Juvenile Justice System Working: An Empirical Investigation from the Life Course Approach

The juvenile court was given jurisdiction over neglect and dependent children for the purpose of this act the words dependent child and neglected shall mean any child who for any reason is destitute or homeless, abandoned, no proper parental care or guardianship; or who habitually begs or receives alms; or who is found living, in any house of ill fame or with any vicious or disreputable person; or whose home, by reason of neglect, cruelty or depravity on the part of its parents, guardian or other person in whose care it may be, is an unfit place for such a child” (Abadinsky pg 102). In 1968 Congress “passed the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act. The act was designed to encourage states to develop plans and programs that would work on community levels to discourage juvenile delinquency. The Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act was precursor to the extensive Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act that replaced it in 1974. However, to prevent a juvenile from committing a crime or re-offending, this study believes that the juvenile court and the state legislators must designed a program that juveniles can participate in and engage them in positive activities. This way a youth will change his or her behavior and become a law-abiding
Brainstem 5-Hydroxytrytamine1A Binding Sites are not Down-Regulated by Agonists which Induce Tolerance in the Rat: Myoclonus and other Serotonergic Behaviors

AbstractTo study the regulation of 5-HT1A receptors in the brainstem, the region most relevant to the serotonin syndrome and to serotonin-responsive human myoclonic disorders, we chronically treated rats with various 5-HT1A agonists and labeled 5-HT1A sites with [3H]8-OH-DPAT. Daily injection for 30 consecutive days of 10 mg/kg ip 8-OH-DPAT (pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT1A agonist) significantly decreased 8-OH-DPAT-evoked flat body posture, forelimb myoclonus, and hypothermia compared to chronic vehicle injection. There was no cross tolerance to 8-OH-DPAT in rats chronically injected with ipsapirone or buspirone (presynaptic 5-HT1A agonists). However, none of the 5HT1A agonists significantly altered Bmax of brainstem 5-HT1A binding sites. Chronic injection with other drugs such as 1-propranolol, (±) pindolol and spiperone (5-HT1A and 5-HT2 antagonists), methysergide (5-HT1 and 5-HT2 antagonist), and agonists and antagonists at various other 5-HT receptors also had no effect on binding parameters. These data...
One-step extraction and concentration of pigments and acyl lipids by sec-butanol from in vitro and in vivo samples.

Abstract Photosynthetic pigments and acyl lipids were simultaneously extracted and concentrated by sec -butanol. Pigments extracted with sec -butanol were indistinguishable from those extracted using acetone as determined by quantitative and qualitative HPLC. Use of sec -butanol has several advantages over conventional extraction solvents: (1) pigments are extracted directly from polyacrylamide gel slices without an elution step; (2) pigments in dilute, isolated pigment-protein complexes are extracted and concentrated without first concentrating the sample; (3) when necessary, the concentration factor is readily increased by addition of water; (4) sec -butanol extracts acyl lipids and vitamin K 1 as effectively, but much quicker, than chloroform:methanol; (5) sec -butanol rapidly extracts and concentrates pigments from thylakoids of all plant species tested and even directly from many algal/higher plant cells, facilitating analysis of pigment biosynthetic pathways using radioactive substrates; and (6) pigments are stable in sec -butanol for several days at room temperature in the dark or for many weeks if stored at −20°C in darkness. Finally, sec -butanol is preferable to ether for concentrating pigments extracted with acetone.
Only acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa can bind to and penetrate zona pellucida: A study using the guinea pig

We have examined the behavior of guinea pig spermatozoa towards the guinea pig zona pellucida in vitro. Experiments were designed to determine whether the state of capacitation or the acrosome reaction determined the ability of the spermatozoa to attach to the zona. Freshly collected cauda epididymal spermatozoa are acrosome-intact (AI) and, by definition, uncapacitated. These cells could not attach (at least persistently) to the zona. We then sampled spermatozoa from the progressively capacitating population at various time intervals. At no point did AI spermatozoa from such samples have the ability to attach to the zona. On the other hand, acrosome-reacted (AR) spermatozoa that appeared in increasing number during this capacitation period rapidly and firmly adhered to the zona. Adhesion by AR spermatozoa prepared in several ways culminated in successful zona penetration and fertilization of the ovum. The data provide unequivocal evidence that AR guinea pig spermatozoa attach to zonae and fertilize the ova. We find no evidence that AI spermatozoa firmly attach or bind to the zona, regardless of their state of capacitation.
In situ studies of amorphization of the GeAl and SiAl systems induced by 1 MeV electron irradiation

Abstract GeAl and SiAl bilayer specimens, and also A1–2.3at.%Ge two-phase alloy specimens, were irradiated in situ with 1 MeV electrons at temperatures in the range 10–190 K in a high voltage electron microscope. The Ge precipitates in the Al2.3at.%Ge alloy disappeared completely at a critical fluence ( Φ c ) of approximately 2.4 × 10 23 cm −2 (24 displacements per atom (dpa) in Ge and 14 dpa in Al) for specimens irradiated at 10 or 50 K; this is the same value of Φ c at which GeAl bilayers are found to contain an amorphous phase. At 10 K an irradiated GeAl bilayer specimen is found to have an amorphous phase at the interface only when a Ge layer faces the incident electron beam, while for a SiAl bilayer specimen amorphization occurs at the interface independent of the direction of the incident beam with respect to a bilayer. For GeAl bilayer specimens Φ c is approximately 2.5 × 10 23 cm −2 (25 dpa in Ge and 15 dpa in Al). For SiAl bilayers Φ c is approximately 3 × 10 23 cm −2 (19 dpa in Si and 18 dpa in Al). The temperature dependence of Φ c is also studied for a GeAl bilayer specimen. The value of Φ c is a constant for T T ; Φ c becomes immeasurably large (more than 70 dpa in Ge and more than 43 dpa in Al) at a critical temperature of about 190 K. The temperature dependence of the crystalline to amorphous transition is explained in terms of a recoil-implantation mechanism, coupled with a radiation-enhanced monovacancy diffusion mechanism for Ge atoms in Al, and an athermal contribution to Ge diffusion in Al via an electron-beam stimulated monovacancy migration mechanism.
Streptococcal Hyaluronate Lyase Reveals the Presence of a Structurally Significant C ? H⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bond

Carbon-donated hydrogen bonds (CDHBs) are weak forms of hydrogen bonding (0.5-1.0 kcal mol(-1) ) that are difficult to detect, and thus their roles in the structure and functionality of chemical systems often go unrecognized. Utilizing a computational approach, the existence of a structurally significant CDHB in the medically relevant protein Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase (SpnHL) is affirmed. The structure of a tetrapeptide fragment model containing the CDHB was optimized with second-order perturbation theory. From this, a CDHB with bond distance and angle consistent with previously discovered CDHBs and comparable to neighboring traditional HBs in the fragment model was found. The CDHB competes with another donor T253 OH, whereby the two alternate in strength between protein conformations, imbuing αHelix 3 appreciable flexibility. The CDHB seems to exist in spite of torsional and steric strain on the donor methyl group. It is postulated that the CDHB could aid in either counteracting the macrodipole of αHelix 3 or protecting the A249 CO from destabilizing interactions with the adjacent solvent. Employing the energy gradients from the optimization, the torque generated by the fragment model was computed, which accurately predicts the direction of rotation of αHelix 3 observed from experiment. A strongly correlated motion between αHelix 3 and αHelices 2, 4, and 5 was noted, which the interactions of the fragment model help drive by generating a torque much larger than necessary to rotate just αHelix 3. Considering these results, we conclude that CDHBs should be considered as possible beneficial components of chemical and biological phenomena.
Do stand-alone interbody spacers with integrated screws provide adequate segmental stability for multilevel cervical arthrodesis?

Abstract Background context Some postoperative complications after anterior cervical fusions have been attributed to anterior cervical plate (ACP) profiles and the necessary wide operative exposure for their insertion. Consequently, low-profile stand-alone interbody spacers with integrated screws (SIS) have been developed. Although SIS constructs have demonstrated similar biomechanical stability to the ACP in single-level fusions, their role as a stand-alone device in multilevel reconstructions has not been thoroughly evaluated. Purpose To evaluate the acute segmental stability afforded by an SIS device compared with the traditional ACP in the setting of a multilevel cervical arthrodesis. Study design In vitro human cadaveric biomechanical analysis. Methods Thirteen human cadaveric cervical spines (C2–T1) were nondestructively tested with a custom 6 df spine simulator under axial rotation, flexion-extension, and lateral bending loading. After intact analysis, eight single-levels (C4–C5/C6–C7) from four specimens were instrumented and tested with ACP and SIS. Nine specimens were tested with C5–C7 SIS, C5–C7 ACP, C4–C7 ACP, C4–C7 ACP+posterior fixation, C4–C7 SIS, and C4–C7 SIS+posterior fixation. Testing order was randomized with each additional level instrumented. Full range of motion (ROM) data were obtained and analyzed by each loading modality, using mean comparisons with repeated measures analysis of variance. Paired t tests were used for post hoc analysis with Sidak correction for multiple comparisons. Results No significant difference in ROM was noted between the ACP and SIS for single-level fixation (p>.05). For multisegment reconstructions (two and three levels), the ACP proved superior to SIS and intact condition, with significantly lower ROM in all planes (p .05). Conclusions The SIS device may be a reasonable option as a stand-alone device for single-level fixation. However, SIS devices should be used with careful consideration in the setting of multilevel cervical fusion. However, when supplemented with posterior fixation, SIS devices are a sound biomechanical alternative to ACP for multilevel fusion constructs.
A 1.2-V, 5.8-mW, Ultra-Wideband Folded Mixer in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS

This paper presents the design and analysis of a low-voltage downconversion mixer in 0.13-mum CMOS for UWB applications between 3-7 GHz. To facilitate low-voltage operation with 0.8-1.2-V supply, the mixer employs a folded Gilbert cell topology with PMOS devices for LO switches and utilizes on-chip broadband RF chokes for biasing. The folded toplogy allows the transconductance and LO stages to have different bias current. By setting the bias current in the PMOS switches near zero, the mixer DC offset due to device mismatch is greatly reduced The effect of supply voltage on the mixer performance is studied. The mixer consumes 2.5 and 5.8 mW from a 0.8-V and 1.2-V supply, respectively. Under a 1.2-V supply, the mixer achieves a voltage conversion gain (CG) of 5.3-8.2 dB, a single-sideband noise figure (NF) of 9.6-13.5 dB, a second-order intermodualtion intercept point (IIP2) of 37.3-43.4 dBm, and a third-order intermodualtion intercept point (IIP3) of -3.2 to -0.3 dBm between 3-7 GHz. The DC offset of the mixer is measured systematically to isolate the contributions due to device mismatch, LO self-mixing, and second-order intermodulation. The typical measured DC offset ranges from 2.4 to 4.3 mV.
Microscopy of Sic Powders Synthesized by Reacting Colloidal Silica and Pitch

Ultrafine SiC powders synthesized by reacting colloidal silica with petroleum pitch were characterized by optical and electron microscopy. Spherical agglomerates and unattached particles of SiC were observed in all products irrespective of synthesis conditions. The source of the spherical agglomerates of SiC particles was traced to the precursor mixture. 9 references, 8 figures.