cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impulse: building a smarter memory controller

Impulse is a new memory system architecture that adds two important features to a traditional memory controller. First, Impulse supports application-specific optimizations through configurable physical address remapping. By remapping physical addresses, applications control how their data is accessed and cached, improving their cache and bus utilization. Second, Impulse supports prefetching at the memory controller, which can hide much of the latency of DRAM accesses. In this paper we describe the design of the Impulse architecture, and show how an Impulse memory system can be used to improve the performance of memory-bound programs. For the NAS conjugate gradient benchmark, Impulse improves performance by 67%. Because it requires no modification to processor, cache, or bus designs, Impulse can be adopted in conventional systems. In addition to scientific applications, we expect that Impulse will benefit regularly strided memory-bound applications of commercial importance, such as database and multimedia programs.
Paul Tillich's theory of existential anxiety: A preliminary conceptual and empirical examination

This paper conceptually explores Paul Tillich's theory of existential anxiety and examines existing research relevant to each of Tillich's domains of existential apprehension. This paper also reports data from two initial empirical studies of Tillich's model of existential anxiety and its relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression. A self-report measure of existential anxiety, the Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ) based on Tillich's conceptualization, was developed and data were collected from two socioeconomic and ethnically diverse samples of adults (Study 1, N=225; Study 2, N=331). Results indicated that the EAQ has good test-retest and internal consistency reliability and a factor structure consistent with theory. The EAQ also demonstrated good convergent and incremental validity estimates. The data suggest that existential anxiety concerns are common and that they are associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression as well as psychological distress related to identity problems. Results a...
Thermal Effects on the Bearing Behavior of Composite Joints

Thermal effects on the pin-bearing behavior of an IM7/PETI5 composite laminate are studied comprehensively within this paper. Pin-bearing tests of several lay-ups at the operating temperatures of -200 degrees F, 70 degrees F, and 350 degrees F are conducted to generate data on the effect of temperature changes on the pin-bearing behavior of the IM7/PETI5 material. A computational study investigating the factors influencing pin-bearing strength is performed for the [90,0]8s lay-up using a three dimensional finite element model. The pin-bearing problem was modeled assuming a rigid frictionless pin and restraining only radial displacements at the hole boundary. A solution, where thermal residual stresses were combined with the state of stress due to pin-bearing loads was evaluated. The presence of thermal residual stresses intensified the interlaminar stresses predicted at the hole boundary in the pin-bearing problem. Furthermore, the research shows that changes in material properties drives pin-bearing strength degradation with increasing temperature. The thermal residual cure stresses then somewhat affect the extent that the pin-bearing strength changes with temperature. In general, thermal residual stresses need to be considered in evaluations of pin-bearing strength.
Revenue Recognition Timing and Attributes of Reported Revenue: The Case of Software Industry's Adoption of Sop 91-1

I examine how revenue recognition timing affects attributes of reported revenue, using a sample of software firms that adopted Statement of Position 91-1 in the early 1990s. I find early recognition yields more timely revenue information, as evidenced by higher contemporaneous correlation with information impounded in stock returns. However, such early recognition diminishes the extent to which accounts receivable accruals map into future cash flow realizations and lowers the time-series predictability of reported revenue. Overall, the results suggest early revenue recognition makes reported revenue more timely and more relevant, but at the cost of lower reliability and lower time-series predictability.
A periodic object model for real-time systems

Time-sensitive objects (TSO), a data-oriented model for real-time systems, impose timing constraints on object values using validity intervals and object histories. Periodic objects, a class of objects within the TSO model, are described in detail and compared with more traditional periodic processes. Advantages of periodic objects are identified, including greater scheduling independence of processing related through data dependencies, more opportunity for concurrency, and improved structure for timing fault tolerance. >
Visual programming by transaction network

A parallel computation model is introduced that is suitable for pursuit of large-scale concurrency. The goal is to develop a semantically clean paradigm for distributed computation with fine-grained parallelism. The approach taken is to promote the notion of transaction, an anonymous atomic action void of internal state, as the basic element of computation. A computation is organized as a network, called a transaction net, of databases connected by transactions. A transaction, when it is fired, consumers data objects from source databases and produces data objects in target databases as an atomic action. A transaction net is akin to a Petri net, where the token, the place, and the transition corresponds to the data, the database, and the transaction, respectively. The state of computation is represented by the data state without the control state. An informal definition of the model is given. Solutions are given for well-known programming problems. >
Effect of a Two-Dimensional Pressure on the Curie Point of Barium Titanate

By hydraulic means, a single crystal of barium titanate in the shape of a flat circular disk was subjected to a pressure exerted on its edges and not on its faces. A very slight pressure removed all domains that were not normal to the disk. The stress system then consisted of equal pressures on the two $a$ axes, and no pressure on the $c$ axis. The transition temperature increased with the square of the two-dimensional pressure, while, according to Merz, a hydrostatic pressure produces a linear drop. Using Devonshire's expansion for the free energy and the appropriate Legendre transformation, the free energy, depending on polarization and pressure, was obtained for both two-dimensional and hydrostatic stress systems. This yielded a purely linear-pressure dependence, and it was, therefore, necessary to supplement Devonshire's expansion with higher terms in order to obtain a quadratic effect.Although it was too difficult to evaluate the effect of pressure on the transition temperature itself when higher terms were included, it was easy to determine the effect on the Curie-Weiss temperature ${T}_{0}$. This is the temperature at which the inverse susceptibility of the cubic phase extrapolates to zero, and its pressure dependence will be the subject of a future paper. For both two-dimensional and hydrostatic pressures, the linear part of the shift of the Curie-Weiss temperature was found to depend only on the lower terms in the free energy, and provide two independent relations for determining the two $g$ coefficients. The quadratic shift of the Curie-Weiss temperature depends on the higher terms with which Devonshire's expansion was supplemented, and a reasonable interpretation of these higher terms gave an upward direction to the quadratic shift of the Curie-Weiss temperature.
Rubrerythrin from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Is a Rubredoxin-Dependent, Iron-Containing Peroxidase

Rubrerythrin was purified by multistep chromatography under anaerobic, reducing conditions from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. It is a homodimer with a molecular mass of 39.2 kDa and contains 2.9 ± 0.2 iron atoms per subunit. The purified protein had peroxidase activity at 85°C using hydrogen peroxide with reduced P. furiosus rubredoxin as the electron donor. The specific activity was 36 μmol of rubredoxin oxidized/min/mg with apparent Km values of 35 and 70 μM for hydrogen peroxide and rubredoxin, respectively. When rubrerythrin was combined with rubredoxin and P. furiosus NADH:rubredoxin oxidoreductase, the complete system used NADH as the electron donor to reduce hydrogen peroxide with a specific activity of 7.0 μmol of H2O2 reduced/min/mg of rubrerythrin at 85°C. Strangely, as-purified (reduced) rubrerythrin precipitated when oxidized by either hydrogen peroxide, air, or ferricyanide. The gene (PF1283) encoding rubrerythrin was expressed in Escherichia coli grown in medium with various metal contents. The purified recombinant proteins each contained approximately three metal atoms/subunit, ranging from 0.4 Fe plus 2.2 Zn to 1.9 Fe plus 1.2 Zn, where the metal content of the protein depended on the metal content of the E. coli growth medium. The peroxidase activities of the recombinant forms were proportional to the iron content. P. furiosus rubrerythrin is the first to be characterized from a hyperthermophile or from an archaeon, and the results are the first demonstration that this protein functions in an NADH-dependent, hydrogen peroxide:rubredoxin oxidoreductase system. Rubrerythrin is proposed to play a role in the recently defined anaerobic detoxification pathway for reactive oxygen species.
Management differences and dairy results.

In representing dairy production as a function of herd management decisions, veterinarians and animal scientists have generally neglected variations in worker performance. This article presents a model that includes organization and personnel management as determinants of dairy operational results. Herd production and manager interview data from 87 farms in Tulare County, California, indicated that these management factors are related to both milk output and herd reproduction efficiency. Manager assumptions about worker motivation, regularity of employee performance feedback, and use of records explained significant variation in fat corrected milk production, somatic cell count, average days open, and services per conception. The study suggests that greater attention to organizational and personnel management could improve results of dairies as well as other agricultural businesses.
Peptide tags for labeling membrane proteins in live cells with multiple fluorophores.

We describe a method to label specific membrane proteins with fluorophores for live imaging. Fusion proteins are generated that incorporate into their extracellular domains short peptide sequences (13–38 amino acids) recognized with high affinity and specificity by protein ligands, α-bungarotoxin (BTX), or streptavidin (SA). Many fluorophore- and enzyme-conjugated derivatives of both ligands are commercially available. To demonstrate the general utility of the methods, we tagged a vesicle-associated protein (VAMP2), a receptor tyrosine kinase [muscle-specific kinase (MuSK)], and receptors for three neurotransmitters: acetylcholine (nAChRα3), glutamate (mGluR2), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAAα3). In all cases, we could selectively label surface-exposed proteins without interference from intracellular pools. By successive pulse-labeling with different fluorophore conjugates of a single ligand, we were able to monitor endocytosis of tagged molecules. By combining the two ligands, we could assess co-localization of synaptic components in cells. This strategy for epitope tagging provides a useful adjunct to green fluorescent protein (GFP)tagging, which fails to distinguish intracellular from extracellular pools, sometimes interferes with protein localization or function, and requires a separate construct for each color.
O Declínio na Desigualdade da Escolaridade no Brasil e seus Efeitos na Desigualdade de Rendimentos

Household survey data demonstrate that Brazilian males born between 1925 and 1963 experienced steady increases in mean schooling and significant declines in schooling inequality. The variance in years of schooling increased for cohorts born up until 1950, with steady declines for more recent cohorts. Decomposition of a standrad human capital earnings equation indicates that trends in schooling tended to reduce earnings inequality from 1976 to 1985, due to reductions in both the variance of shooling and in return to shooling. These improvements were more than offset, however, by increases in other sources of inequality. Although the net increase in earnings inequality from 1976 to 1985 is disturbing, the reduction in schooling inequality represents a fundamental improvement in the determinants of eranings inequality in Brazil that will have beneficial effects for decades.
Legacies of American Slavery: Status Attainment among Southern Blacks after Emancipation

This study examines the legacy of American slavery at the individual, intragenerational level by analyzing life-history data from roughly 1,400 ex-slaves and free blacks covering the antebellum and postbellum periods. We test a model of durable inequality that considers the potentially vicious circle created by status persistence across institutional regimes. Our findings suggest that the antebellum regime evidenced partial institutional reproduction in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, owing to the fact that the antebellum distinction of free blacks and slaves had durable status effects long after emancipation, but over time, black status attainment became largely decoupled from the internal hierarchy of slavery. Mediating effects, for example, the Freedmen Bureau's educational interventions and the black diaspora, also served to curtail the reproduction of antebellum status. Implications are pursued with respect to both institutional theory and stratification research.
Systems engineering and technology management education for the 21 st century

The fields of systems engineering and technology management have developed rapidly in the last forty years to evolve a discipline with considerable breadth and depth. Educational institutions around the world report significant student interest in this broad field. It is this author's experience and perspective that they have become an integrated focus area. The increased complexity, increased mix of different integrated technologies (e.g., Mechatronics and software engineering), reduced time to market of higher performance quality and reliability, and to budget and cost targets, products, increases the importance, and sophistication, of the management of the engineering and technologies process for developing these new products. Global business competition is forcing the need for a continuous stream of new products. The above listed challenges have driven the increased numbers and importance of academic programs that address and respond to this systems engineer, SE&TM, education need. This paper will present some background history and describe the MS in Systems Engineering and Technology focus area in the Fenn College of Engineering at Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, as an example. Students from over 30 major northeast Ohio companies and agencies (including NASA) have participated in this program over the past six years.
Resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum Intraspecific Crosses to Race T1 Strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Causing Bacterial Spot of Tomato.

Yang, W., Sacks, E. J., Lewis Ivey, M. L., Miller, S. A., and Francis, D. M. 2005. Resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum intraspecific crosses to race T1 strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria causing bacterial spot of tomato. Phytopathology 95:519-527. We used molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer resistance in the field to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race T1, a causal agent of bacterial spot of tomato. An F2 population derived from a cross between Hawaii 7998 (H 7998) and an elite breeding line, Ohio 88119, was used for the initial identification of an association between molecular markers and resistance as measured by bacterial populations in individual plants in the greenhouse. Polymorphism in this cross between a Lycopersicon esculentum donor of resistance and an elite L. esculentum parent was limited. The targeted use of a core set of 148 polymerase chain reaction-based markers that were identified as polymorphic in L. esculentum × L. esculentum crosses resulted in the identification of 37 markers that were polymorphic for the cross of interest. Previous studies using an H 7998 × L. pennellii wide cross implicated three loci, Rx1, Rx2, and Rx3, in the hypersensitive response to T1 strains. Markers that we identified were linked to the Rx1 and Rx3 loci, but no markers were identified in the region of chromosome 1 where Rx2 is located. Single marker-trait analysis suggested that chromosome 5, near the Rx3 locus, contributed to reduced bacterial populations in lines carrying the locus from H 7998. The locus on chromosome 5 explained 25% of the phenotypic variation in bacterial populations developing in infected plants. An advanced backcross population and subsequent inbred backcross lines developed using Ohio 88119 as a recurrent parent were used to confirm QTL associations detected in the F2 population. Markers on chromosome 5 explained 41% of the phenotypic variation for resistance in replicated field trials. In contrast, the Rx1 locus on chromosome 1 did not play a role in resistance to X. campestris pv. vesicatoria race T1 strains as measured by bacterial populations in the greenhouse or symptoms in the field. A locus from H 7998 on chromosome 4 was associated with susceptibility to disease and explained 11% of the total phenotypic variation. Additional variation in resistance was explained by plant maturity (6%), with early maturing families expressing lower levels of resistance, and plant habit (6%), with indeterminate plants displaying more resistance. The markers linked to Rx3 will be useful in selection for resistance in elite × elite crosses.
CENTER POINTS, EQUILIBRIUM POSITIONS, AND THE OBNOXIOUS LOCATION PROBLEM

ABSTRACT. Real variable analysis has een used to great benefit in a variety of classical problems in location theory. In this paper we explore basic complex variable techniques in one formulation of the obnoxious location problem. A general definition of center points is first given and used to formulate several alternate versions of the obnoxious location problem. A logarithmic transformation is then used to demonstrate some equivalences between these families of distinct location problems (defined via center points). A prototype logarithmic potential function which results from this formulation is then investigated, and it is demonstrated that the extremal solutions with this objective reside on the boundary of its domain of definition. An application using zero- and one-dimensional centers is discussed, and a generalization to the spatial obnoxious problem is also briefly examined. We define a zero-dimensional center as a critical point of the logarithmic potential function, and it is shown that these centers are equivalent to the solutions of the Complex Moment Problem.
RNA Degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisae

All RNA species in yeast cells are subject to turnover. Work over the past 20 years has defined degradation mechanisms for messenger RNAs, transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, and noncoding RNAs. In addition, numerous quality control mechanisms that target aberrant RNAs have been identified. Generally, each decay mechanism contains factors that funnel RNA substrates to abundant exo- and/or endonucleases. Key issues for future work include determining the mechanisms that control the specificity of RNA degradation and how RNA degradation processes interact with translation, RNA transport, and other cellular processes.
A Novel Forward Genetic Screen for Identifying Mutations Affecting Larval Neuronal Dendrite Development in Drosophila melanogaster

Vertebrate and invertebrate dendrites are information-processing compartments that can be found on both central and peripheral neurons. Elucidating the molecular underpinnings of information processing in the nervous system ultimately requires an understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate dendrite formation and maintenance. Despite the importance of dendrite development, few forward genetic approaches have been used to analyze the latest stages of dendrite development, including the formation of F-actin-rich dendritic filopodia or dendritic spines. We developed a forward genetic screen utilizing transgenic Drosophila second instar larvae expressing an actin, green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein (actin::GFP) in subsets of sensory neurons. Utilizing this fluorescent transgenic reporter, we conducted a forward genetic screen of >4000 mutagenized chromosomes bearing lethal mutations that affected multiple aspects of larval dendrite development. We isolated 13 mutations on the X and second chromosomes composing 11 complementation groups affecting dendrite outgrowth/branching, dendritic filopodia formation, or actin::GFP localization within dendrites in vivo. In a fortuitous observation, we observed that the structure of dendritic arborization (da) neuron dendritic filopodia changes in response to a changing environment.
The Noisy Substring Matching Problem

Let T(U) be the set of words in the dictionary H which contains U as a substring. The problem considered here is the estimation of the set T(U) when U is not known, but Y, a noisy version of U is available. The suggested set estimate S*(Y) of T(U) is a proper subset of H such that its every element contains at least one substring which resembles Y most according to the Levenshtein metric. The proposed algorithm for-the computation of S*(Y) requires cubic time. The algorithm uses the recursively computable dissimilarity measure Dk(X, Y), termed as the kth distance between two strings X and Y which is a dissimilarity measure between Y and a certain subset of the set of contiguous substrings of X. Another estimate of T(U), namely SM(Y) is also suggested. The accuracy of SM(Y) is only slightly less than that of S*(Y), but the computation time of SM(Y) is substantially less than that of S*(Y). Experimental results involving 1900 noisy substrings and dictionaries which are subsets of 1023 most common English words [11] indicate that the accuracy of the estimate S*(Y) is around 99 percent and that of SM(Y) is about 98 percent.
Charles Pratt and the First Nations University (a)

A professor of business administration at the First Nations University of Canada (FNUniv) has submitted his resume at the close of an assembly meeting to be considered along with five others to take over the role of interim president. As he waits for the decision, he thinks about the situation ahead of him. Public accusations of fiscal mismanagement and violations of academic freedom at FNUniv have recently surfaced. Lawyers have been hired, and the media has focused intense scrutiny on the school. If offered the opportunity, he wonders if he will be able to balance the impact of the crisis surrounding FNUniv, address the financial systems, restore relationships among the many affected groups, heal the wounds between those parties involved, and implement an action plan for organizational change.
Application of Hamiltonian Methods to the Structure and Stability of Water Waves of Permanent Form

Extensive computations of the equations describing irrotational surface waves on an inviscid fluid have uncovered a number of interesting and in some cases surprising phenomena. In particular, an unexpected non-uniqueness of gravity waves was found by Chen and Saffman [1]. Calculations of the stability of finite amplitude water waves of permanent form to infinitesimal disturbances (pioneered by Longuet-Higgins [21) have demonstrated a wide range of sub and super harmonic unstable disturbances, of both two and three dimensional kinds. But there are unexpected differences between gravity and capillary waves, and changes of stability to super harmonic disturbances are found generally to coincide with extrema of the energy of the steady waves as a function of wave height (Tanaka [3], [4]), and not with the extrema of phase speed as predicted by an elementary argument. To some extent, the unexpected results were found serendipiditiously while investigating related problems by large scale computing, and attempts to answer other questions by computing without a clear theoretical idea, such as the existence of nonsymmetric waves, have not succeeded. There is therefore a need for a general theory, both to understand the structure of the results and to provide guidance for the numerical studies attacking open questions.
Aliovalent Substitution of V3+ for Co2+ in LiCoPO4 by a Low-Temperature Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Process

Electrical and ionic conductivity has proven to be a major limiting factor in the adoption of high-voltage polyanion cathode materials, specifically LiMPO4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni). While the aliovalent substitution of V3+ for Fe2+ in LiFePO4 has been shown recently, no conclusive evidence is available for aliovalent substitutions in the analogous LiCoPO4. This study presents a low-temperature microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis and characterization of aliovalently substituted LiCo1–3x/2Vx□x/2PO4 for x ≤ 0.07. The as synthesized LiCo1–3x/2Vx□x/2PO4 samples belonging to the Pn21a space group are transformed to the Pnma polymorph via calcination in an inert atmosphere at 525 °C. The LiCo1–3x/2Vx□x/2PO4 samples are characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, inductively coupled plasma optical emissions spectroscopy, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge/discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Unlike the prior report...
In Praise of (Some) Ex Post Regulation: A Response to Professor Galle

Professor Brian Galle recently argued that the growing consensus that ex post regulation is superior to ex ante regulation on efficiency grounds has been overstated by scholars, including me, and that ex ante regulation has advantages that have been ignored or underemphasized. In this Response, I explain that ex post regulation does have advantages in certain settings and that the optimal regulatory response to many market failures will entail the use of both ex post and ex ante policy instruments. I also explain how an ex post incentive-based regulation, such as tort law or workers' compensation law, gets converted into a form of ex ante regulation through liability insurance and how liability insurance premiums produce a sort of "clustered" externality pricing that Galle suggests might be superior to both unitary Pigovian taxes or individualized tort sanctions.
A New Searching Method of Multi Grounding Points in the Secondary Circuit of TV

Multi grounding points in the secondary circuit of TV may cause the incorrect action of protection,so that it is necessary to judge quickly and effectively whether there is multi grounding points in the secondary circuit of TV or not. Traditional finding methods for multi grounding points in the secondary circuit of TV are introduced including current method,voltage method,resistance method and shunt method,and their principles and shortages are analyzed. A new finding method based on dual-core and multi-windings current transformer is proposed. Its test principle and method are introduced. Theoretical analysis and test results show that the method can judge quickly and effectively whether there is multi grounding points in the secondary circuit of TV or not,and find precisely the location of grounding fault. Comparing with the traditional methods,the proposed method is simple and practical,and has better usage effect and popularization value.
[Study on the genetic characteristics of the avian influenza virus strain A/Zhejiang/16/2006].

Objective To study the genetic characteristics of avian influenza virus strain A/Zhejiang/16/2006 which was isolated from the case first reported in Zhejiang province.Methods Complete genome of A/Zhejiang/16/2006 including eight segments were sequenced and compared on the genetic homogeneity with sequences of the similar strains provided through domestic and overseas sources.Results There were 11 amino acids showing differences on HA between A/Zhejiang/16/2006 and the H5N1 isolates of neighboring countries,but these differences had not affected the stability of glycosylation sites.In the NA region,20 amino acids located in the 49th to 68th position were found absent in the isolates obtained after 1997.Eight segments of H5N1 isolates,circulating in the mainland of China in the recent years,formed a separate branch compared to the strains in neighboring countries and there was also obviously different from the strains isolated in Hong Kong and Guangzhou in 1996 and 1997.However,several Chinese strains were close to the Hong Kong strains isolated in 1997 but diffferent from the current strains in the phylogenetic tree.Conclusion The influenza virus strain A/Zhejiang/16/2006 formed a separate branch with the strains isolated in the mainland of China in the past years but it presented an obvious difference with the isolates from the neighboring countries. Key words: Avian influenza virus(H5N1); Genetic characteristic; A/zhejiang/16/2006
Admiralty: The Supreme Court's View of Instant Operational Negligence by a Longshoreman Rendering a Vessel Unseaworthy

A ship owner has a duty to seamen to supply a seaworthy vessel which includes keeping in order the appliances appurtenant to the ship. Seaworthiness is defined as a condition that exists when the ship is "reasonably fit". By 1955, there was ample precedent established by the Supreme Court to the effect that a condition sufficient to render a vessel unseaworthy could be created instantly by a longshoreman through operational negligence. The case that firmly established the doctrine that instant operational negligence rendered a ship unseaworthy was Mascuilli v. U.S., decided in 1967. The district court denied recovery, stating that all the ship's equipment was seaworthy, and the death was caused solely by the negligence of the fellow longshoreman. The Supreme Court reversed the decision without opinion, citing Mahnich. Justice Douglas, in his dissent in the present case, stated that in Mascuilli the negligent use of a winch in a loading operation obviously made the vessel pro tanto unseaworthy. Mascuilli is similar to the case Seas Shipping Co. v. Sieracki, in that both cases’ injuries were caused instantly by the negligent use of a winch, and there was no evidence of any ship's equipment that could have been classified as unseaworthy. Thus, it would appear that the act of negligence in both cases created the condition of unseaworthiness. In both cases the equipment was functioning properly until the act of negligence. In Sieracki, the Supreme Court emphasized that unseaworthiness is wholly distinct from liability based upon negligence since seaworthiness is a condition, and it is immaterial how that condition came about. The Court stated that the injury was not due to a condition of the ship, her appurtenances, or crew, all of which would render the vessel unseaworthy. The Supreme Court also said the injury was due to an isolated act of negligence, and it would be error to hold the owner liable where there is no condition of unseaworthiness. Although negligence and unseaworthiness are exclusive concepts, the former can be the cause of the latter. The obligation to provide greater protection for the longshoreman, whose work involves extra hazardous conditions, depends upon a policy decision by the Court. The low standard of safety conditions and the high accident rate indicates that every day the longshoreman subjects himself to what would be akin to a dangerous instrumentality. The law in this area has undergone two reversals; in Mahnich, and in Mascuilli, and it is hoped that the Supreme Court will set its course once again in line with what has been the mainstream of its decisions.
Toward an Interdisciplinary Field of Hate Studies: Developing a Framework

In the last volume of the Journal of Hate Studies , Ken Stern of the American Jewish Committee (AJC) wrote an article addressing the need for what he calls an interdisciplinary field of hate studies. For too long, he argued, academics have studied “hate” 1 in isolation. A social psychologist may have approached the subject looking to study the relationship between an individual hater and the hate group to which he belongs; a political scientist or economist might have studied how economic instability or political disenfranchisement contributed to the behavior of some racist or anti-Semite. To put it simply, academics from a variety of disciplines have the resources to examine why people hate, but very few (if any) have had the opportunity to participate in a broader dialogue that includes a plurality of voices. A unified field of hate studies would provide a more complete picture of what hate looks like, why it looks the way it does, and finally (and perhaps most importantly) what we can do to help combat it.
Photodissociation of phenol via nonadiabatic tunneling: Comparison of two ab initio based potential energy surfaces

Abstract The nonadiabatic tunneling-facilitated photodissociation of phenol is investigated using a reduced-dimensional quantum model on two ab initio-based coupled potential energy surfaces (PESs). Although dynamics occurs largely on the lower adiabat, the proximity to a conical intersection between the S1 and S2 states requires the inclusion of both the geometric phase (GP) and diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction (DBOC). The lifetime of the lowest-lying vibronic state is computed using the diabatic and various adiabatic models. The GP and DBOC terms are found to be essential on one set of PESs, but have a small impact on the other.
Challenges and Opportunities in Studying the Epidemiology of Ovarian Cancer Subtypes

Only recently has it become clear that epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is comprised of such distinct histotypes—with different cells of origin, morphology, molecular features, epidemiologic factors, clinical features, and survival patterns—that they can be thought of as different diseases sharing an anatomical location. Herein, we review opportunities and challenges in studying EOC heterogeneity, The 2014 World Health Organization diagnostic guidelines incorporate accumulated evidence that high- and low-grade serous tumors have different underlying pathogenesis, and that, on the basis of shared molecular features, most high-grade tumors, including some previously classified as endometrioid, are now considered to be high-grade serous. At the same time, several studies have reported that high-grade serous EOC, which is the most common histotype, is itself made up of reproducible subtypes discernable by gene expression patterns. These major advances in understanding set the stage for a new era of research on EOC risk and clinical outcomes with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality. We highlight the need for multidisciplinary studies with pathology review using the current guidelines, further molecular characterization of the histotypes and subtypes, inclusion of women of diverse racial/ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, and updated epidemiologic and clinical data relevant to current generations of women at risk of EOC.
Writing against culture: unveiling education and modernity for Hindu Indian and Muslim Pakistani women through an ‘ethnography of the particular’

In this article, we analyze our experiences engaging in a collaborative ethnographic project. This project brings together two ethnographic studies undertaken independently from the other in Gujara...
Beam Transmissometers for Oceanographic Measurements

The theoretical basis for the measurement of the beam transmittance of water is reviewed. Existing data for the beam transmittance of clean and distilled water are compared to demonstrate the current state of knowledge regarding the beam transmittance of clean water. Several recent instruments of sophisticated design are briefly described and data are given for surface particle concentration.
Individuality in Young and Middle Adulthood: An Autophotographic Study

Developmental theories and recent examinations of adult self descriptions across the life span (e.g., G. Labouvie-Vief, L. M. Chiodo, L. A. Goguen, M. Diehl & L. Orwoll, 1995a,b) indicate that the self becomes more unique, individualistic, and complex with age. We further examined this developmental trend, using autophotographic essays (words and photos answering the broad question “who are you”) obtained from 844 adults (ages 18–54). The essays were rated for levels of individuality or richness of self-depiction. That is, the photo essays were used as a medium for operationalizing self-construals that are uniquely creative, abstract, self-reflective, and multidimensional. The photo essays of middle-aged participants reflected more individuality than did those of younger participants. Correspondingly, we observed more photographs of achievement themes, religious sentiments, working, creative products, and negative affect in the middle-age photo essays but fewer photos of self-smiling, others smiling, alcohol, athletics, and music. Results provide further evidence for greater uniqueness, interiority, and seriousness of purpose—all suggestive of individuality—in adulthood.
Cooperative and Concurrent Enrollment and College Retention

Oklahoma currently has a shortage of Associate Degreed graduates moving into the workforce. According to theOklahoma Employment Outlook 2014, published by the Oklahoma Employment Security Commission, Oklahoma will need over 12,000 Associate Degreed job candidates in the next 6 years (Brock, 2006). The technology center system in Oklahoma is uniquely positioned to assist Oklahoma community colleges in educating students and creating opportunities for them to enter the workforce. The Cooperative Alliance Program (CAP) was implemented in an effort to smooth the pathway of students, both adult and high school, from their technology center program area into an Associate Degree program in that same area. Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology (OSUIT) is a participant in this program with partnerships with 23 Technology center systems. This study was designed to determine how well the program is increasing high school student retention and the number of graduates in Associate Degree programs in Oklahoma.
Analgesia and Sedation

Sedative hypnotic and analgesic agents are widely used in critical care units. In a survey of 164 medical intensive care units (ICUs) (1), virtually all provided sedative medications to patients receiving mechanical ventilation. In 36% of these units, sedation was administered routinely to more than 70% of patients. The most frequently used agents were morphine sulfate, lorazepam, and diazepam, and the most common indications were “to improve oxygenation or to reduce peak airway pressure” and “to treat anxiety.”
INTRINSIC PROPERTIES OF PERCOLATION CLUSTERS AND BRANCHED POLYMERS

The intrinsic (topological) properties of percolation clusters, backbone and branched polymers are studied. The “chemical” fractal dimensionality dl defined by S = ldl where S is the mass of the cluster within a chemical distance l (i.e., the shortest graph path between two sites) is calculated. We argue that dl is a useful exponent characterizing dynamical properties. Also, a new relation between dynamical properties and the ramification exponent is presented.
Parental criticism and behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Associations between parent critical attitudes (a component of the Expressed Emotion construct) and behavior problems have been relatively well established in adolescents and young adults with auti...
Association of Systemic Inflammation With Retinal Vascular Caliber in Patients With AIDS.

Author(s): Jabs, Douglas A; Van Natta, Mark L; Trang, Garrett; Jones, Norman; Milush, Jeffrey M; Cheu, Ryan; Klatt, Nichole R; Pak, Jeong Won; Danis, Ronald P; Hunt, Peter W | Abstract: PurposeTo evaluate relationships among retinal vascular caliber and biomarkers of systemic inflammation in patients with AIDS.MethodsA total of 454 participants with AIDS had retinal vascular caliber (central retinal artery equivalent and central retinal vein equivalent) determined from enrollment retinal photographs by reading center graders masked to clinical and biomarker information. Cryopreserved plasma specimens were assayed for inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, interferon-γ inducible protein (IP)-10, kynurenine/tryptophan (KT) ratio, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP).ResultsIn the simple linear regression of retinal vascular caliber on plasma biomarkers, elevated CRP, IL-6, and IP-10 were associated with retinal venular dilation, and elevated KT ratio with retinal arteriolar narrowing. In the multiple linear regression, including baseline characteristics and plasma biomarkers, AMD was associated with dilation of retinal arterioles (mean difference: 9.1 μm; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2, 12.9; P l 0.001) and venules (mean difference, 10.9 μm; 95% CI, 5.3, 16.6; P l 0.001), as was black race (P l 0.001). Hyperlipidemia was associated with retinal venular narrowing (mean difference, -7.5 μm; 95% CI, -13.7, -1.2; P = 0.02); cardiovascular disease with arteriolar narrowing (mean difference, -5.2 μm; 95% CI, -10.3, -0.1; P = 0.05); age with arteriolar narrowing (slope, -0.26 μm/year; 95% CI, -0.46, -0.06; P = 0.009); and IL-6 with venular dilation (slope, 5.3 μm/standard deviation log10[plasma IL-6 concentration]; 95% CI, 2.7, 8.0; P l 0.001).ConclusionsThese data suggest that retinal vascular caliber is associated with age, race, AMD, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and selected biomarkers of systemic inflammation.
Structure and stability of graphene-like layers built from heterocyclic units

Abstract Encouraged by the developments in the synthesis of novel two-dimensional (2D) materials through bottom-up approaches, we investigate the structural properties and stability of a variety of 2D monolayers constructed from aromatic six-membered rings using density functional theory methods. We study benzene, single heteroatom heterocycles, as well as borazine, 1,3-diazine, and 1,3,5-triazine as building blocks of graphene-like monolayers. Through an analysis of the relative stability of the 2D layers with respect to their molecular constituents, we find that diazine and borazine monolayers present the greatest stability of all studied compounds. These large bandgap holey materials open the possibility of a whole family of 2D sheets based on seamlessly connected six-membered rings that can show promise in applications such as catalysis and gas separation.
Stem Cell Transplant Versus Chemotherapy in Older Adults with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia In First Remission

![Graphic][1] Introduction Optimal therapy for older adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who achieve remission following induction chemotherapy has not been determined. Options include consolidation chemotherapy (CC) or stem cell transplant (SCT) if an appropriate donor is identified. In order to determine whether SCT improved overall survival (OS) or whether associated toxicity was increased, we performed a retrospective study comparing SCT with CC in this older age group. Methods All adult patients ages 60 to 75 years with AML in 1st remission (CR1) who underwent a SCT at MSKCC between 2001 and 2013 were reviewed and compared to age-matched patients with AML who achieved CR1 and received CC. A landmark analysis at 3 months following CR1 was used to compare OS for the 2 patient groups. Only SCT patients transplanted by landmark time were included in the analysis. Overall survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier methodology. Results Sixty-eight patients were identified for the SCT group. Thirty-two patients were identified for the CC group ([Table][2]). Stem cell sources included: peripheral blood (n=63), cord blood (n=4) and bone marrow (n=1). Fifty-six patients received a T cell depleted transplant (32 with ClinMACsTM and 24 with IsolexTM ) and 12 received an unmodified product. Conditioning regimens were busulfan/melphalan/ fludarabine (n=54), melphalan/fludarabine (n=4), cyclophosphamide/fludarabine/thiotepa/ TBI (n=4), fludarabine/busulfan (n=3), busulfan/melphalan (n=2) and thiotepa/fludarabine/TBI (n=1). Donors included matched unrelated (n=28), matched related (n=25), mismatched unrelated (n=11) and mismatched cord blood (n=4). For patients in the CC group, induction chemotherapy included cytarabine in combination with either idarubicin (n=21), daunorubicin (n=10), or mitoxantrone plus etoposide (n=1). Forty-four patients received their transplant by the 3 month landmark and 30 patients in the CC group were alive at the landmark and were included in the OS analysis. View this table: ![Figure][3] Deaths in the SCT group included 4 patients from infection, 1 from treatment-related toxicity, and 1 from relapsed disease. The estimated OS at 2 years in the landmark groups were 64% in the SCT group and 42% in the CC group (p=0.04). Conclusions Recognizing the inherent bias when retrospective studies compare SCT and CC, these data support the use of SCT for older patients with AML in CR1 who have an appropriate donor. Despite the older age, there was a statistically significant better OS with low 100 day mortality for those patients who underwent SCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [2]: #T1 [3]: pending:yes
Identifying predictors of upper extremity muscle elasticity with healthy aging.

Abstract Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) can provide accurate in vivo measurements of the effect of advanced age on muscle elasticity. Our objective was to determine whether passive muscle elasticity was influenced by posture, chronological age, sex, body mass index, and clinical measures of upper extremity function for healthy adults. The dominant arm of 33 male and 33 female participants (ranging from 20 to 89 years old) was examined using a Supersonic Imagine Aixplorer ultrasound SWE system. The mean and standard deviation of shear wave velocity (SWV) was measured from elastography maps for five upper extremity muscles examined at rest: anterior deltoid (AD), biceps brachii (BB), clavicular (CL) and sternocostal (SC) region of the pectoralis major and middle trapezius (MT). Linear mixed models for each muscle were used to assess how SWV was influenced by humeral elevation, chronological age, sex, BMI and three functional measures. All significances are reported at α = 0.05. Humeral elevation influenced shear wave velocity at a statistically significant level for AD, BB, SC and MT (all p
Structural changes in the aging brain

Abstract The population of elderly adults will almost double from 43.1 million in 2012 to an estimated 83.7 million in 2050. These demographic changes will result in increased cases of dementia and illustrate the need for a better understanding of normal and pathological structural changes in the aging brain. Moreover, it highlights the need for better clinically focused tools to apply scientific findings at the individual level. A better understanding of how brain aging underlies changes in cognitive function and performance can allow us to better distinguish “normal” from pathological brain aging patterns, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This chapter will review our understanding of normal brain aging in older adults, at times highlighting specific findings that may have diagnostic or prognostic value for neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, we will highlight advances in neuroimaging and automated tools for image analyses over the last decade and briefly discuss new approaches and commercial software programs designed to translate research into clinical neuroradiology.