cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Risk and Similarity Aware Application Recommender System

As mobile devices, especially smartphones, become more and more popular, the number of mobile applications increases dramatically. Though mobile applications provide users convenience and entertainment, they have potential threat to violate users’ privacy and security. In order to decrease the risk of violation, we propose a risk and similarity aware application recommender system, which recommends high quality applications to users. The system estimates applications’ risk based on the requested permissions and calculates the similarity between applications based on the ratings and the number of ratings. It recommends applications with the lowest risk and highest similarity based on a user’s current applications. The evaluation shows that the system works efficiently in recommending low-risk and high-similarity applications.
Reward-selective propagation cascade model

In the field of network diffusion, the traditional Independent Cascade Model and Linear Threshold Model give activated nodes the opportunity to influence and potentially activate each of its neighboring inactive nodes, regardless of the level of influential weight or probability of activation. This paper extends the Independent Cascade Model to be selective in terms of influencing neighboring nodes. We introduce the Reward-Selective Propagation Cascade Model, a diffusion model that allows active nodes to select neighbors based on the potential payoff from the existing relationship between the two nodes. We provide a polynomial algorithm for calculating the payoff value for any arbitrary relationship between two neighboring nodes in a network graph, and a function to calculate the weight of each edge in an arbitrary graphical setting. Finally, we perform both an analysis of the RSPCM under different network settings, and a comparative examination with the classic Independent Cascade Model. This research makes contributions to the domain of informational diffusion and sociological propagation.
Best Copyright Practice in Interlibrary Loan

This article is originally designed to provide guidelines to handling requests from other libraries for lending and reproducing copyrighted materials owned or subscribed by the Northeastern University School of Law Library. This article attempts to analyze the Copyright Act of 1976 and the 1979 CONTU guidelines produced by the National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (“CONTU”) in order to properly apply them to the law library's lending practice. In this appendix, it will provide an annotated bibliography on copyright law relating to libraries. Interlibrary loan covered by this article is defined as loan requests for books and articles between two qualified libraries. Interlibrary loan here does not apply to music, pictures, graphics, sculptures, motion pictures or other audiovisual works. Interlibrary loan here does not apply to loan requests between non-qualified libraries.
On the extraordinary scholarly life and times of Gordon Tullock

Gordon Tullock, who passed away at the age of 92 on November 3, 2014, ranks justly near the top of the list of the “founding fathers” of the public choice research program. Most widely known in the academy as coauthor of The Calculus of Consent (Buchanan and Tullock 1962), Professor Tullock was not named, unfairly in our joint opinion, as co-recipient of James Buchanan’s 1986 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. A good case nevertheless can be made that Gordon earned Nobel laurels on his own account for groundbreaking contributions to the literatures on, among other topics of scholarly study, rent seeking, autocracy, bureaucracy, war and revolution, law and economics and bio-economics. This essay celebrates Gordon Tullock’s major influences on the field of public choice, including his launching of Public Choice, the journal for which both of us have served as editors, and his impacts on scholars working at the many and obviously fruitful intersections of economics and political science.
Fixed base in gastric juice.

The authors in a study of the effects of pyloric obstruction in rabbits1 noted a large loss of fixed base as well as of chloride ion into the stomach. Gamble and Ross2 found sodium in vomited stomach secretions from a dog, following experimental obstruction of the pylorus, to the extent of about one-half the equivalence of the chloride ion loss. The experiments to be here reported were undertaken for the purpose of determining whether or not fixed base is contained to an appreciable extent in gastric juice produced under conditions permitting normal gastric function. So far as we are aware the only published measurements of fixed base in gastric juice are those of Rosemann.3 These were obtained from two large samples collected from dogs by the “sham feeding” method of Pawlow. The average amount of fixed base found in this “hunger juice” was 20 cc. 0.1 N per 100 cc., and of this approximately 11 cc 0.1 N was sodium and 9 cc. 0.1 N potassium. The chloride ion content of the samples was in average 147 cc. 0....
Effects of castration, steroid replacement, and hypophysectomy on hypothalamic LHRH and serum LH (39890).

SummaryThe effect of castration (CAS), hypophysectomy (HYPOX), and gonadal steroids on hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) content was studied in male and female rats. Hypothalamic LHRH content was significantly reduced by 1 week after castration in male rats and was further reduced by 2 weeks. HYPOX decreased LHRH content in male rats to the same extent as in CAS rats alone, suggesting that loss of gonadal function was mainly responsible for the fall in hypothalamic LHRH in these rats. In castrated male rats testosterone propionate (TP) at a dose of 0.5 mg/300 g body weight raised hypothalamic LHRH content above that of intact rats and reduced serum LH below the intact level. However, in castrated-hypophysecto-mized rats, TP treatment only returned hypothalamic LHRH content to the intact level.Ovariectomy (OVX) for 3 weeks decreased hypothalamic LHRH content significantly, whereas estradiol benzoate (EB, 1 μg) replacement for 1 week returned LHRH content to intact levels and reduced...
Sex Differences in Concomitant Trajectories of Self-Reported Disability and Measured Physical Capacity in Older Adults

Background Despite documented age-related declines in self-reported functional status and measured physical capacity, it is unclear whether these functional indicators follow similar trajectories over time or whether the patterns of change differ by sex. Methods We used longitudinal data from 687 initially nondisabled adults, aged 70 or older, from the Precipitating Events Project, who were evaluated every 18 months for nearly 14 years. Self-reported disability was assessed with a 12-item disability scale. Physical capacity was measured using grip strength and a modified version of Short Physical Performance Battery. Hierarchical linear models estimated the intra-individual trajectory of each functional indicator and differences in trajectories' intercept and slope by sex. Results Self-reported disability, grip strength, and Short Physical Performance Battery score declined over 13.5 years following nonlinear trajectories. Women experienced faster accumulation of self-reported disability, but slower declines in measured physical capacity, compared with men. Trajectory intercepts revealed that women had significantly weaker grip strength and reported higher levels of disability compared with men, with no differences in starting Short Physical Performance Battery scores. These findings were robust to adjustments for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, length-of-survival, health risk factors, and chronic-disease status. Conclusions Despite the female disadvantage in self-reported disability, older women preserve measured physical capacity better than men over time. Self-reported and measured indicators should be viewed as complementary rather than interchangeable assessments of functional status for both clinical and research purposes, especially for sex-specific comparisons.
How do I steer this thing? Using dendritic cell targeted vaccination to more effectively guide the antitumor immune response with combination immunotherapy

Mounting an immune response sufficient to eradicate a tumor is the goal of modern immunotherapy. Single agent therapies with checkpoint inhibitors or costimulatory molecule agonists are effective only for a small portion of all treated patients. Combined therapy, e.g., CTLA-4 and PD-1 checkpoint blockade, is a more effective treatment modality, but in preclinical studies OX40 agonism with CTLA-4 blockade using monoclonal antibodies (aOX40/aCTLA-4) failed to induce tumor regression of larger, more established tumors. We hypothesized that administration of a vaccine with a tumor-associated antigen targeted to the appropriate antigen presenting cell could make combined aOX40/aCTLA-4 therapy more effective. We administered an antibody-based vaccine targeting HER2 to the DEC-205 endocytic receptor on cross-presenting dendritic cells (anti-DEC-205/HER2; aDEC-205/HER2) and a potent adjuvant (poly (I:C)) to assist with maturation, along with aOX40/aCTLA-4 therapy. This therapy induced complete regression of established tumors and a pronounced infiltration of effector CD8 and CD4 T cells, with no effect on regulatory T cell infiltration compared to aOX40/aCTLA-4 alone. To be maximally effective, this therapy required expression of both OX40 and CTLA-4 on CD8 T cells. These data indicate that vaccination targeting cross-presenting dendritic cells with a tumor-associated antigen is a highly effective immunization strategy that can overcome some of the limitations of current systemic immunotherapeutic approaches that lack defined tumor-directed antigenic targets.
Live Cell Imaging: Assessing the Phototoxicity of 488 and 546 nm Light and Methods to Alleviate it

In live cell imaging of fluorescent proteins, phototoxicity of the excitation light can be problematical. Cell death is obvious, but reduced cell viability can make the interpretation of observations error prone. We characterized the phototoxic consequences of 488 and 546 nm light on untransformed human cells and tested methods that have or could be used to alleviate photodamage. Unlabeled RPE1 cells were given single 0.5–2.5 min irradiations in early G1 from a mercury arc lamp on a fluorescence microscope. Four hundred eighty-eight nanometer light produced a dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of cells that progressed to mitosis, slowing of the cell cycle for some of those entering mitosis, and a ∼12% incidence of cell death for the highest dose. For 546 nm light we found a 10–15% reduction in the percentage of cells entering mitosis, no strong dose dependency, and a ∼2% incidence of cell death for the longest irradiations. For cells expressing GFP-centrin1 or mCherry-centrin1, fewer entered mitosis for each dose than unlabeled cells. For constant total dose 488 nm light irradiations of unlabeled cells, reducing the intensity 10-fold or spreading the exposures out as a series of 10 sec pulses at 1 min intervals produced a minor and not consistent improvement in the percentage of cells entering mitosis. Reducing oxidative processes, by culturing at ∼3% oxygen or adding the reducing agent Trolox noticeably increased the fraction of cells entering mitosis. Thus, for long-term imaging there can be value to using RFP constructs and for GFP-tagged proteins reducing oxidative processes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2461–2468, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
16-GHz Analog and 16-Gbit/s Digital Modulation of p-Type Substrate Mass-Transported Diode Lasers

Efficient, low-threshold 1.3-?m diode lasers grown on p-type substrates have been studied for both small-signal analog and large-signal digital high-speed applications. The lasers are very efficient with differential quantum efficiencies as high as 34% per facet which yields low insertion loss in an optical link. The lowest cw threshold is 4.5 mA. A small-signal ?3-dB frequency as high as 16.4 GHz has been measured with a 175-?m-long laser. The laser responds to large-signal digital word sequences at rates of 16 Gbit/s.
Heterogeneity is key to hydrogel-based cartilage tissue regeneration

Degradable hydrogels have been developed to provide initial mechanical support to encapsulated cells while facilitating the growth of neo-tissues. When cells are encapsulated within degradable hydrogels, the process of neo-tissue growth is complicated by the coupled phenomena of transport of large extracellular matrix macromolecules and the rate of hydrogel degradation. If hydrogel degradation is too slow, neo-tissue growth is hindered, whereas if it is too fast, complete loss of mechanical integrity can occur. Therefore, there is a need for effective modelling techniques to predict hydrogel designs based on the growth parameters of the neo-tissue. In this article, hydrolytically degradable hydrogels are investigated due to their promise in tissue engineering. A key output of the model focuses on the ability of the construct to maintain overall structural integrity as the construct transitions from a pure hydrogel to engineered neo-tissue. We show that heterogeneity in cross-link density and cell distribution is the key to this successful transition and ultimately to achieve tissue growth. Specifically, we find that optimally large regions of weak cross-linking around cells in the hydrogel and well-connected and dense cell clusters create the optimum conditions needed for neo-tissue growth while maintaining structural integrity. Experimental observations using cartilage cells encapsulated in a hydrolytically degradable hydrogel are compared with model predictions to show the potential of the proposed model.
Factors Affecting Lever Pressing on a Variable-Interval Schedule in Nondeprived Rats

Naive rats with no history of food deprivation self-trained to lever press for food pellets and subsequently were shifted to a variable-interval schedule. Following 5 days of variable-interval training, the rats were prefed with the response-produced food (Noyes pellets) for the 2 hr. prior to variable-interval sessions. Response rates dropped substantially but returned to previous levels when prefeeding ended. Introduction of free food (pellets) into the response chamber also reduced response rates, but not as much as did prefeeding.
Molecular Borromean Rings: From Controlled Construction to Potential Applications

In this issue of Chem , Jin and coworkers have reported the efficient synthesis of a series of Borromean rings (BRs), through which they achieved template-free BR formation with high yields in a highly controllable manner. They further show that these BRs can be utilized to separate halogenated aromatic compounds efficiently.
Hermite Polynomial Uncorrelated Conversion Filter for Bearings-Only Tracking

Passive bearings-only target tracking is a challenging estimation problem due to high nonlinearity and low observability. In this paper, a novel Hermite polynomial uncorrelated conversion filter is...
Structure-activity relationship of eight high content flavonoids analyzed with a preliminary assign-score method and their contribution to antioxidant ability of flavonoids-rich extract from Scutellaria baicalensis shoots

Abstract Investigation of flavonoids-rich extract from Scutellaria baicalensis shoots shows that 15 of the 19 flavonoids detected with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS were identified, and it exhibited high antioxidant abilities with IC50 at 70.81, 35.34 and 33.27 μg/mL in DPPH, ABTS and CAA assays, respectively. An order of antioxidant abilities in scavenging DPPH and ABTS+ of eight high content flavonoids in the extract was the same, and it could be well-explained by a preliminary assign-score method we created in structure-activity relationship analyses specific for flavonoids, revealing that double bonds and phenolic hydroxyls on rings A and B are augmentors, and sugar moiety is an attenuator influencing antioxidant capacity but might contribute positively in CAA assays. In addition, three of the eight flavonoids (baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin) made contributions of 58.33%, 60.36% and 51.41% to overall antioxidant activity of the flavonoids-rich extract in DPPH, ABTS and CAA assays, respectively, thus were determined as the primary or marker flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis shoots.
Analysis of mutual couplings in a concentric circular ring plasmonic optical antenna array.

In this paper, we report the analysis of a concentric circular ring plasmonic optical antenna (POA) array using a simple lumped coupled circuit (LCC) model. The currents in the circular rings of the POA array and their mutual couplings are analyzed using the LCC model. The results agree well with the numerical simulation using CST’s Microwave Studio®. The LCC model reveals the mutual couplings between the antenna rings. It is found that the mutual couplings are not only between the adjacent antenna rings, but also involve their second (2nd) nearest or farther neighbors. Since the near-fields of the optical antennas are related to the currents in the optical antennas, the LCC model provides a useful tool for the analysis of the near-field and their mutual interactions in the circular ring POA array.
Fifth-order Volterra-based equalizer for fiber nonlinearity compensation in Nyquist WDM superchannel system

In the context of long-haul Nyquist wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) superchannel system, a fifth-order Volterra-based nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) is proposed to compensate for the optical fiber nonlinear effects, which represent the major fiber impairment in such high data rate systems. A performance comparison of the fifth-order VNLE with the benchmark digital-back propagation (DBP) and the third-order VNLE is provided. We show that the fifth-order VNLE better combats the fiber nonlinearity in comparison with the third-order VLNE and exhibits closer performance to the DBP. A significant improvement of the performance in terms of the Q factor, nonlinear threshold, and transmission reach is observed when compared with the third-order VNLE.
Polymer-assisted deposition of SrTiO3 film as cathode buffer layer in inverted polymer solar cells

Abstract Polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) method has been employed to prepare SrTiO 3 (STO) films on ITO substrates, which have been applied as cathode buffer layer in inverted polymer solar cells. ZnO and TiO 2 films on ITO glass were also prepared via PAD and have been utilized as cathode buffer layers in the inverted polymer solar cells for comparison, which show better efficiency than those using ZnO and TiO 2 as interfacial layers prepared through other methods. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼3.5% was achieved with STO as the cathode buffer layer as well as MoO 3 as the anode buffer layer, which is comparable to that with ZnO and TiO 2 prepared using the same method as cathode buffer layers. Our findings indicate that STO has the potential to be a candidate as interfacial layers in solar cell devices.
POSTPROCEDURAL DECREASE IN SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Coronary heart disease is associated with high morbidity rates, poor prognoses, and contrast-induced nephropathy. This review reports the incidence rate of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) during postprocedural blood pressure (BP) changes among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary
Asthma among Household Youth on Racial Minority Operated Farms-United States, 2008.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Youth on farms are at risk for injuries and illnesses, including asthma, which continues to disproportionately affect minority groups.Methods: For this study, the 2008 Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (M-CAIS) data were used to estimate the prevalence of asthma among youth aged 0–19 years living on racial minority-operated farms. Youth were considered to have a lifetime diagnosis of asthma based on an affirmative response to the question “Has he/she ever been diagnosed as having asthma by a health professional?”Results: In 2008, of the estimated 37,400 youth (0–19 years) who lived on racial minority operated farms, 11% had asthma. Asthma prevalence was highest among males (13%) and youth 10–19 years of age (12%). Asthma prevalence among youth varied by race, ranging from 13% among household youth living on Black/African American operated farms to 7% among youth living on Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander operated farms. In 2008, nearly half (46%) of hous...
Low-cost detection of backdoor malware

Backdoor malware are programs that enable hackers to access unauthorized computer systems by introducing a backdoor. These hackers will use this access to steal company information for personal gain. This malware uses a variety of techniques to hide their presence, and computer security researchers use a growing number of exotic techniques to detect them. However, it is not necessary to expend valuable IT resources on expensive security solutions as most of these backdoors can be detected by simple checks. We tested a wide array of in-the-wild malware to verily the effectiveness of these checks.
Combat Reaction, Chronic

Often confused with chronic reactions to stress is the diagnosis posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Among other problems, PTSD labeling often implies no recovery. In reality, recovery from chronic stress frequently depends on predispositions, precipitants, and treatment. Early treatment can facilitate recovery. Recovery means return to prestress levels of functioning.
“To Say and to Do” Virtual Actions in the Structure and Recognition of Discourse Plans With Regard to Practical Plans

Cooperative activity requires both communication and execution of practical actions. Cooperative Works cannot be supported by obliging users to explicitly describe what they are doing and without understanding the relationships between what they discuss about and what they are doing. Furthermore, users cannot be oblige to send explicit messages to understand each other. We claim that in CSCW the system’s capability of understanding actions, in particular of recognising plans and intentions, will play a fundamental role. We focus on the capability of recognising the correspondence between the plans agreed upon by the agents (Virtual Plans) and the ones they perform. This problem is particularly significant for the Action Workflow Approach.
The experimental study of market behavior

Over the past two decades, experimental methods have entered the mainstream as one of the empirical methodologies of economic science. Early experimental work focused on issues in individual decision-making and industrial organization, but in recent years economists have applied laboratory methods to study topics in macroeconomics, international economics, information economics, finance, and other fields. Applied economists have also conducted experiments to gather data expressly for use in policy debates. The broadening of the domain of experimental economics has created several clearly identifiable branches of the field. The focus of this volume is one of these branches, the study of the behavior of markets. The papers in this volume represent several current directions of research on experimental markets.
Legal Obligation and its Limits

Judges decide cases by appeal to rules of general application they deem to be law. If a candidate rule resolves the case and is, ex ante and independently of the judge’s judgment, the law, then the judge has a legal obligation to declare it as such and follow it. That, at any rate, is conventional wisdom. Yet the principle is false—a rule’s being law or the judge’s believing it to be law is neither necessary nor even sufficient for a judge being legally obliged to follow it. The principle’s falsity is especially apparent in so-called hard cases, where the line between legal and non-legal rules is obscure. Moreover, judges have authority to disregard law in hard cases not because moral (or non-legal) obligations trump legal obligations. Rather, the law itself circumscribes its own authority. The implications for legal philosophy are significant; for one, a theory of juridical norms can be developed independently of the precise boundaries of legality.
Progress in the engineering profession: A Canadian perspective

To be a practicing engineer in Canada, a license is required from a provincial or territorial association within the national organization of Engineers Canada/Ingenieurs Canada.1 The gateway to engineering for early-career Canadians is through four-year accredited programs at universities.
Exploring connections between environmental learning and behavior through four everyday-life case studies

Decades of research emphasize that information alone rarely influences environmental behavior. We addressed the question of, “what, then, does influence environmental behavior?” by asking more spec...
Blockchain-based real-time cheat prevention and robustness for multi-player online games

The gaming industry is affected by two key issues---cheating and DDoS attacks against game servers. In this paper, we aim to present a novel yet concrete application of the blockchain technology to address the seemingly disparate problems. Our approach uses blockchain to manage definitive game state and exploits peer consensus on every player action to track modifications to tangible player assets. While a key impediment to adopting blockchain for real-time systems is its high per-operation latency, our approach leverages several optimizations to enable real-time prevention of a large class of cheats where the reported client state is inconsistent with the observed state at the server. Further, blockchain-based games leverage the robust peer-to-peer architecture to successfully defend against DDoS attacks.Our strategy enables flexibility to customize games with minimum modifications to game clients by porting server-side logic to smart contracts that execute atop peers. We evaluate our approach on a recent port of the multi-player game Doom. Our prototype can scale to client tickrates matched by modern games, and prevent cheats in
Arg-78 of Nprl2 catalyzes GATOR1-stimulated GTP hydrolysis by the Rag GTPases.

mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major regulator of cell growth and proliferation that coordinates nutrient inputs with anabolic and catabolic processes. Amino acid signals are transmitted to mTORC1 through the Rag GTPases, which directly recruit mTORC1 onto the lysosomal surface, its site of activation. The Rag GTPase heterodimer has a unique architecture that consists of two GTPase subunits, RagA or RagB bound to RagC or RagD. Their nucleotide-loading states are strictly controlled by several lysosomal or cytosolic protein complexes that directly detect and transmit the amino acid signals. GATOR1 (GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Rags-1), a negative regulator of the cytosolic branch of the nutrient-sensing pathway, comprises three subunits, Depdc5 (DEP domain–containing protein 5), Nprl2 (NPR2-like GATOR1 complex subunit), and Nprl3 (NPR3-like GATOR1 complex subunit), and is a GAP for RagA. GATOR1 binds the Rag GTPases via two modes: an inhibitory mode that holds the Rag GTPase heterodimer and has previously been captured by structural determination, and a GAP mode that stimulates GTP hydrolysis by RagA but remains structurally elusive. Here, using site-directed mutagenesis, GTP hydrolysis assays, coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and structural analysis, we probed the GAP mode and found that a critical residue on Nprl2, Arg-78, is the arginine finger that carries out GATOR1's GAP function. Substitutions of this arginine residue rendered mTORC1 signaling insensitive to amino acid starvation and are found frequently in cancers such as glioblastoma. Our results reveal the biochemical bases of mTORC1 inactivation through the GATOR1 complex.
Factors Affecting Return to Play After Primary Achilles Tendon Tear: A Cohort of NFL Players.

Background:Achilles tendon tears are potentially career-ending injuries for professional athletes. For players in the National Football League (NFL), return requires not only surgery and extensive ...
GAMES WITH CONVEX KERNELS AND GENERALIZED CONVEX KERNELS

This chapter discusses games with convex kernels and generalized convex kernels. In general, the analysis of continuous games defined by a kernel K(ξ, η) on the unit square is very complicated. Often a further restriction of monotonicity is dictated by the nature of the model describing the game. The chapter presents a condition for this scenario. An extension of the theory of convex continuous games to generalized convex games leads to the characterization that such games possess optimal strategies of finite type. Unfortunately, in the general case, this characterization is not constructive, that is, it does not explain how to determine the optimal strategies.
Abstract 4497: Distinct structural classes of activating FOXA1 alterations in prostate cancer progression

Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is a pioneer transcription factor that is essential for the normal development of several endoderm-derived organs, including the prostate gland. FOXA1 is frequently mutated in the hormone-receptor driven prostate, breast, bladder, and salivary gland tumors. In prostate luminal epithelial cells, wild-type FOXA1 delimits tissue-specific enhancers that are transcriptionally activated by AR, and extensively reprograms AR-activity in the transformed prostate epithelia. However, how FOXA1 alterations affect cancer development is unclear, with FOXA1 previously ascribed both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles. In this study, we assemble an aggregate cohort of 1546 prostate cancers (PCa) and, for the first time, show that FOXA1 alterations fall into three distinct structural classes that diverge in clinical incidence, genetic co-alteration profiles, and oncogenic gain-of-functions. Notably, we find the three classes of FOXA1 alterations to collectively recur at a frequency of 35% in metastatic PCa. Class1 activating mutations originate in early PCa without concurrent ETS or SPOP alterations, selectively recur within the Wing2-region of the DNA-binding Forkhead domain (FKHD), confer enhanced chromatin mobility and binding frequency, and strongly trans-activate a luminal androgen receptor (AR) program of prostate oncogenesis. By contrast, class2 activating mutations are acquired in metastatic PCa, truncate the C-terminal regulatory domain of FOXA1, confer chromatin-binding dominance by increasing DNA affinity, and aberrantly activate the WNT/β-Catenin pathway to enable PCa metastasis. Finally, class3 genomic rearrangements are comprised of tandem duplications and translocations within the highly-syntenic FOXA1 locus. These structural variations amplify or reposition a conserved enhancer element, which we named FOXA1 Mastermind (FOXMIND), to drive overexpression of FOXA1 or other oncogenes, respectively. In summary, our study reaffirms the central role of FOXA1 in mediating AR-driven oncogenesis, and provides mechanistic insights into how different classes of FOXA1 alterations uniquely promote PCa initiation and/or metastatic progression. Furthermore, these results have direct implications in understanding the biology of other hormone-receptor driven cancers where similar FOXA1 alterations are found, and rationalize therapeutic co-targeting of oncogenic FOXA1-activity to extort more potent and durable disease remissions. Citation Format: Abhijit Parolia, Marcin Cieslik, Shih-Chun Chu, Lanbo Xiao, Takahiro Ouchi, Yuping Zhang, Xiaoju Wang, Pankaj Vats, Xuhong Cao, Fengyun Su, Rui Wang, Felix Feng, Yi-Mi Wu, Robert Lonigro, Dan R. Robinson, Arul M. Chinnaiyan. Distinct structural classes of activating FOXA1 alterations in prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4497.
Increased activity of mesenchymal ALK2‐BMP signaling causes posteriorly truncated microglossia and disorganization of lingual tissues

Proper development of taste organs including the tongue and taste papillae requires interactions with the underlying mesenchyme through multiple molecular signaling pathways. The effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and antagonists are profound, however, the tissue-specific roles of distinct receptors are largely unknown. Here, we report that constitutive activation (ca) of ALK2-BMP signaling in the tongue mesenchyme (marked by Wnt1-Cre) caused microglossia-a dramatically smaller and misshapen tongue with a progressively severe reduction in size along the anteroposterior axis and absence of a pharyngeal region. At E10.5, the tongue primordia (branchial arches 1-4) formed in Wnt1-Cre/caAlk2 mutants while each branchial arch responded to elevated BMP signaling distinctly in gene expression of BMP targets (Id1, Snai1, Snai2, and Runx2), proliferation (Cyclin-D1) and apoptosis (p53). Moreover, elevated ALK2-BMP signaling in the mesenchyme resulted in apparent defects of lingual epithelium, muscles, and nerves. In Wnt1-Cre/caAlk2 mutants, a circumvallate papilla was missing and further development of formed fungiform papillae was arrested in late embryos. Our data collectively demonstrate that ALK2-BMP signaling in the mesenchyme plays essential roles in orchestrating various tissues for proper development of the tongue and its appendages in a region-specific manner.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Pipeline for Automated Mapping of Events and Locations From Social Media in Disasters

The objective of this study is to propose and test a hybrid machine learning pipeline to uncover the unfolding of disaster events corresponding to different locations from social media posts during disasters. Effective disaster response and recovery require a comprehensive understanding of disaster situations, i.e., unfolding of disaster events and geographic distribution of the disruptions. Existing studies have employed machine learning methods to conduct coarse-grained event detection and analyze the geographical location information from geotagged social media data. However, only a very small fraction of the entire set of social media data includes geotagged information, which may not directly correspond to events described in the content of posts. In addition, the coarse-grained information detected by existing approaches is token-based, which does not provide sufficient information for situation awareness. Hence, the detection of location and finer-grained event information could significantly improve the utility, credibility, and interpretability of social media data for situation awareness. To address these limitations, this study proposed a hybrid machine learning pipeline that makes use of all relevant tweets to uncover the evolution of disaster events across different locations. The pipeline integrates Named Entity Recognition for detecting locations mentioned in the posts, location fusion approach to extract coordinates of the locations and remove noise information, fine-tuned BERT model for classifying posts with humanitarian categories, and graph-based clustering to identify credible situational information. The application of the study is demonstrated using the data set collected from Twitter during the 2017 Hurricane Harvey in Houston. The results show the capability of the proposed hybrid pipeline for automated mapping of events across time and space from social media posts with considerable accuracy. The findings also suggest that the potential for forensic analysis of disasters using mapped events and their evolution, and based on the variation of social media attention to different locations in disasters. Hence, this method could provide a useful tool to support emergency managers, public officials, residents, first responders, and other stakeholders in rapid situation awareness across time and space.
Inverse Distance Weighted Random Forests: Modeling Unevenly Distributed Non-Stationary Geographic Data

Recent years saw explosive growth of Human Geography Data, in which spatial non-stationarity is often observed, i.e., relationships between features depend on the location. For these datasets, a single global model cannot accurately describe the relationships among features that vary across space. To address this problem, a viable solution– that has been adopted by many studies–is to create multiple local models instead of a global one, with each local model representing a subregion of the space. However, the challenge with this approach is that the local models are only fitted to nearby observations. For sparsely sampled regions, the data could be too few to generate any high-quality model. This is especially true for Human Geography datasets, as human activities tend to cluster at a few locations. In this paper, we present a modeling method that addresses this problem by letting local models operate within relatively large subregions, where overlapping is allowed. Results from all local models are then fused using an inverse distance weighted approach, to minimize the impact brought by overlapping. Experiments showed that this method handles non-stationary geographic data very Well, even When they are unevenly distributed.
Information Exposure and Corporate Citizenship

We explore how information exposure, specifically information transmission within organizations, facilitates companies’ roles as corporate citizens. We study whether US firms’ business networks with China and Italy become their information advantage, and examine whether firms use relevant information to mitigate the negative shocks of COVID-19. We start by validating our measurement of information exposure. Next, we find that a higher number of work-from-home (“WFH”) policies, as evidenced by a higher stay-at-home ratio, are implemented in areas with more information-exposure companies, even before local governments impose a lockdown. To further demonstrate corporate citizenship, we document firms’ positive social externalities — lower COVID-19 growth and an influence on other firms’ WFH policies — and show suggestive evidence on firms’ social motives.
Representing illness in medical melodramas on television: a qualitative content analysis of medical diagnoses in Grey’s Anatomy

This case study explored the representation of medical illness diagnoses on Grey’s Anatomy. Through the use of qualitative content analysis, we compared fictional medical diagnoses to publically av...
Assembling a Team

Assembling a team of family members, professionals, and peers who support an adolescent with ADHD is of paramount importance. This chapter provides a review of recommended team members and how each person can play a role in supporting and ensuring the success of the adolescent. Suggested team members include parents, medical providers, mental health clinicians, educators, evaluators (psychologists), advocates, attorneys, tutors, mentors, college personnel, peers, employers, and the adolescent themselves.
What Is in a Plan? Using Natural Language Processing to Read 461 California City General Plans

Land-use control is local and highly varied. State agencies struggle to assess plan contents. Similarly, advocacy groups and planning researchers wrestle with the length of planning documents and a...
Surgical Margin Determination in the Era of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The goal of head and neck cancer surgery is the complete resection of tumor with a cuff of healthy tissue. A 5-mm margin is optimal but not always achievable in the oropharynx. We aimed to identify a consensus of definition and management of close margins for human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer without other risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive survey. METHODS A survey of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) was conducted to evaluate the abovementioned objectives by presenting hypothetical scenarios and asking questions regarding management. RESULTS One-hundred fifty-five AHNS members completed the survey (18% response rate). Close margins were defined as <5 mm, <3 mm, and <1 mm by 27.7%, 32.3%, and 32.3% of respondents. There was no significant difference in margin determination with experience level (P = .186). In an HPV-positive tumor with close margins, 51% chose postoperative observation. The remainder chose adjuvant radiation (22.6%), chemoradiation (1.9%), or re-excision of the wound bed (19.4%). There was no association between postoperative close margin management and experience level (P = .80). CONCLUSION Heterogeneity exists in the definition and management of close margins in HPV-mediated oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC). Establishing a standard regarding close margins in HPV-mediated OPSCC may allow for the optimization of outcomes and help define best practices. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5 Laryngoscope, 131:E2650-E2654, 2021.
Meclizine and metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists attenuate severe pain and primary sensory neuron Ca2+ activity in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects about 68% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and causes severe neuropathic pain which is debilitating health problem and greatly reduces quality of life. Cisplatin is a commonly used platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug known to cause CIPN, possibly by causing oxidative stress damage to primary sensory neurons. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are widely hypothesized to be involved in pain processing. Meclizine is an H1 histamine receptor antagonist which is known to have neuroprotective effects including anti-oxidative effect. Here, we used a mouse model of cisplatin-induced CIPN to test agonists of mGluR8 and group II mGluR as well as meclizine as interventions to reduce cisplatin-induced pain. We performed behavioral pain tests and in vivo entire DRG neurons Ca2+ imaging using genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicator, Pirt-GCaMP3 to monitor different drug interventions on a populational ensemble level. CIPN induced increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity in DRG neurons, increased Ca2+ transient amplitudes, and hyper-responses to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. We found mGluR8 agonist, DCPG, group II mGluR agonist, LY379268, and Histamine1 receptor antagonist, meclizine all significantly attenuated mechanical and thermal pain caused by CIPN. LY379268 and meclizine, but not DCPG, attenuated DRG neuronal Ca2+ activity elevated by CIPN. Furthermore, meclizine attenuated cisplatin-induced weight loss. These results suggest group II mGluR agonist, mGluR8 agonist, and meclizine are excellent candidates to study for mechanisms and new treatment option for CIPN.
Abstract SY16-02: Using patient-derived models for functional precision oncology in advanced breast cancer

Patient derived xenografts (PDX) are valuable, clinically-relevant models of cancer. Their close genomic, phenotypic, and temporal association with patient tumors makes them well-suited for pre-clinical and co-clinical studies that assess the potential of new therapeutics. However, PDX models are not amenable to large-scale drug sensitivity studies or real-time precision oncology due to their relatively slow growth, high cost, and low throughput. To address this, we established and characterized organoid lines from breast cancer patient tumors and PDXs and evaluated their fidelity to the original tumors and their utility in high-throughput therapeutic studies. Results of comparisons between in vitro and in vivo patient-derived models of breast cancer will be presented, along with extension of this technology to inform patient care in an IRB-approved study of precision oncology. Our work demonstrates that breast cancer organoid models are a powerful parallel resource to PDX models, especially useful for efficient determination of drug responses, and are amenable to informing real-time patient care in a functional precision oncology setting. Citation Format: Alana L. Welm. Using patient-derived models for functional precision oncology in advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr SY16-02.
Robust Performance Evaluation

This paper considers a moral hazard in teams model in which a principal knows that the agents she compensates are identical and independent, but does not know all of the actions they can take. In the face of this uncertainty, the principal chooses a symmetric contract that yields her the highest worst-case expected profit. It is shown, counterintuitively, that any such contract exhibitsjoint performance evaluation --- each agent's pay is increasing in the performance of the other--- and isnonlinear in team output. Hence, when robustness is a concern, nonlinear team-based incentive schemes--- such as team bonuses and employee stock options--- are justified. The analysis highlights a fundamentally new channel leading to the optimality of joint performance evaluation. The full paper can be found at the following link: https://ashwinkambhampati.github.io/RobustPerformance_EC.pdf.
Improving UV Curing in Organosolv Lignin-Containing Photopolymers for Stereolithography by Reduction and Acylation.

Despite recent successes in incorporating lignin into photoactive resins, lignin photo-properties can be detrimental to its application in UV-curable photopolymers, especially in specialized engineered resins for use in stereolithography printing. We report on chemical modification techniques employed to reduce UV absorption by lignin and the resulting mechanical, thermal, and cure properties of these modified lignin materials. Lignin was modified using reduction and acylation reactions and incorporated into a 3D printable resin formulation. UV–Vis absorption at the 3D printing range of 405 nm was reduced in all modified lignins compared to the unmodified sample by 25% to ≥ 60%. Resins made with the modified lignins showed an increase in stiffness and strength with lower thermal stability. Studying these techniques is an important step in developing lignin for use in UV-curing applications and further the effort to valorize lignin towards commercial use.
Salvage surgery for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present study aims to estimate a pooled hazard ratio (HR) comparing overall survival (OS) for salvage surgery compared to nonsurgical management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase-Ovid were searched on March 5, 2020, for English-language articles reporting survival for salvage surgery and nonsurgical management of recurrent HNSCC. Meta-analysis of HR estimates using random effects model was performed. Fifteen studies reported survival for salvage surgery and nonsurgical management of recurrence. Five-year OS ranged from 26% to 67% for the salvage surgery groups, compared to 0% to 32% for the nonsurgical management groups. Six studies reported HRs comparing salvage surgery to nonsurgical management; the pooled HR was 0.25 (95% CI [0.16, 0.38]; p < 0.0001). Selection for salvage surgery was associated with one quarter of the mortality rate associated with nonsurgical management in light of confounding factors including subsite and treatment intent.
Carbonyl Compound Composition of Cellulose Cigarette Smoke Condensate

In the course of systematic studies of cellulose cigarette smoke, carbonyl compounds extracted with aqueous sodium bisulfite solution were examined and 63 compounds–15 furans, 13 cyclic ketones, 8 lactones, 7 benzene derivatives, and 20 aliphatic ketones, aldehydes and other compounds–were either positively or tentatively identified. Of these 63 compounds, 45 were identified for the first time in this study in cellulose pyrolyzate, Semi-quantitative estimation of some of these compounds revealed that 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (cyclotene) was the most abundant, followed by 1-hydroxy-2-propanone (acetol), 2-furaldehyde, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, cyclopentan-1,2-dione, etc., in decreasing order. Compounds possessing pleasant caramel-like odor were found to be relatively abundant both in number and quantity.