cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of physical examination and clinicopathologic parameters between sheared and nonsheared alpacas (Lama pacos).

The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological changes associated with chronic heat stress in sheared versus nonsheared alpacas. Fourteen intact male adult alpacas were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: Group S alpacas were sheared to within 2 cm of their skin; Group NS alpacas were not sheared. These animals were maintained from June through August in east central Alabama. Data collected in the morning, every two weeks, included vital signs, body weight, body condition score, complete blood counts, serum chemistries and electrolytes, whole blood selenium, and plasma cortisol. S and NS groups were contrasted using the repeated measures analysis of variance, and pertinent correlations with weather parameters were calculated. Clinical heat stress was not evident in any animals during the study. Significant differences between treatment groups were seen in rectal temperature (Pa 0:0095), sodium concentration (Pa 0:0219), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (Pa 0:0189). The mean rectal temperature of the NS group was above the normal range on five sampling times compared to only once for the S group. However, mean sodium and serum urea nitrogen levels were within normal limits in both groups at all sampling times. Rectal temperature of only the S group was positively correlated to weather parameters. Sodium of both S and NS groups and BUN of the NS group were negatively correlated with weather parameters. This study indicates that there are differences between sheared and nonsheared alpacas in physical examination and clinicopathologic parameters that can be correlated with changes in ambient conditions. These differences suggest that nonsheared alpacas are less heat tolerant than sheared alpacas. Therefore, shearing is recommended for animals exposed to similar conditions. # 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
An Analysis of Preference Relative to Teacher Implementation of Intervention

The purpose of this study was to conduct a preference trial as a preliminary test of preference effects on teacher behavior relative to implementation (adoption, adherence, quality). Teachers were randomly assigned to “preference” or “no-preference” groups and then trained to implement the intervention. Direct observation occurred immediately after initial training, after 6 weeks of coaching support, and after 4 weeks of no support. Results showed that, when compared with the no-preference group, teachers who had the opportunity to exert a preference adopted the intervention sooner and sustained higher fidelity and quality of implementation independent of coaching. Furthermore, though most teachers in the no-preference group did adopt the intervention and demonstrate high fidelity following coaching, implementation did not sustain after the withdrawal of coaching.
Systematic design of original and modified Mastrovito multipliers for general irreducible polynomials

This paper considers the design of bit-parallel dedicated finite field multipliers using standard basis. An explicit algorithm is proposed for efficient construction of Mastrovito product matrix, based on which we present a systematic design of Mastrovito multiplier applicable to GF(2/sup m/) generated by an arbitrary irreducible polynomial. This design effectively exploits the spatial correlation of elements in Mastrovito product matrix to reduce the complexity. Using a similar methodology, we propose a systematic design of modified Mastrovito multiplier, which is suitable for GF(2/sup m/) generated by high-Hamming weight irreducible polynomials. For both original and modified Mastrovito multipliers, the developed multiplier architectures are highly modular, which is desirable for VLSI hardware implementation. Applying the proposed algorithm and design approach, we study the Mastrovito multipliers for several special irreducible polynomials, such as trinomial and equally-spaced-polynomial, and the obtained complexity results match the best known results. Moreover, we have discovered several new special irreducible polynomials which also lead to low-complexity Mastrovito multipliers.
MR Imaging of Metal-on-Metal Hip Prostheses

Metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty was expected to provide benefits over metal-on-polyethylene systems. After widespread placement of MoM implants, outcomes have been disappointing. MoM implants are associated with higher serum levels of metal ions, adverse periarticular soft tissue reactions, and increased long-term failure rates. In light of these findings, it is crucial that patients with MoM implants be closely monitored for adverse effects. MR imaging is ideally suited for assessment of these patients and complements standard clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. This article reviews the background of MoM implants, emerging data on complications, strategies for using MR imaging, and MR imaging findings in patients with reaction to metal.
BitTorrent Sharing: The Case Against John Does

Cases involving the P2P file-sharing platform BitTorrent have created confusion in the courts. Courts must balance several competing interests: the copyright owner's right to enforce his or her copyright against others, the innocent computer user's First Amendment right to participate in online forums anonymously or pseudonymously, and the need to protect innocent Internet users from false claims. Courts have also expressed concerns about the potential abuse of the litigation system, which occurs when copyright holders attempt to coerce settlements from ISP subscribers.This Article explains the history of secondary liability within the P2P sharing context, analyzing the applicable DMCA provisions and concluding that the recent flurry of BitTorrent cases is partially due to the DMCA's inability to address large-scale infringement. The Article argues that mass copyright infringement lawsuits are problematic because of their procedural deficiencies and the negative public relations they cause. The Article proposes two solutions to end mass copyright infringement actions. The first is through litigation, and the second is through a compulsory licensing scheme.
An analysis of the effects of mode of communication on group decision making

Group support systems (GSS) have been the subject of many investigations and meta-analyses over the past decade. The study presents, summarizes and analyzes the results of 100 experiments that used the communication mode as an independent variable. The results suggest that use of a GSS improves decision quality, depth of analysis, equality of participation, and satisfaction compared to manual methods. Additionally, more detailed analysis suggests that task type, GSS type and the interaction of both have a moderating effect on adaptation and outcome factors.
vEC: virtual energy counters

Energy has become a critical issue in processor design, especially in embedded environments. Thus, there is a need for tools, which provide an accurate and fast estimation of energy. In this paper, we present the design and use of a tool, Virtual Energy Counters (vEC), for estimating the energy consumption of user programs. vEC is built on top of the Perfmon user library for the UltraSPARC platform, and provides a user interface, which can be used within user programs to estimate the energy consumption. The energy estimates are provided for those consumed in the data, instruction and extended caches, main memory, address bus, data bus, address pads, and data pads.
Distributed Microarchitectural Protocols in the TRIPS Prototype Processor

Growing on-chip wire delays will cause many future microarchitectures to be distributed, in which hardware resources within a single processor become nodes on one or more switched micronetworks. Since large processor cores will require multiple clock cycles to traverse, control must be distributed, not centralized. This paper describes the control protocols in the TRIPS processor, a distributed, tiled microarchitecture that supports dynamic execution. It details each of the five types of reused tiles that compose the processor, the control and data networks that connect them, and the distributed microarchitectural protocols that implement instruction fetch, execution, flush, and commit. We also describe the physical design issues that arose when implementing the microarchitecture in a 170M transistor, 130nm ASIC prototype chip composed of two 16-wide issue distributed processor cores and a distributed 1MB nonuniform (NUCA) on-chip memory system.
A MINIMAL LINK ON THE CUBIC LATTICE

The main theorem in this article shows that the link cannot be realized with fewer than 28 steps on the cubical lattice. There are at least two very different 28-step realizations of on the cubical lattice in which the length of the components of the link differs. The two 28-step realizations of do not have minimal curvature. A realization with a minimal curvature of 6.5 π of the link with 30 steps is also shown.
Molecular phylogeny of the endemic Philippine rodent Apomys (Muridae) and the dynamics of diversification in an oceanic archipelago

We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of ten of the 13 known species of the genus Apomys using DNA sequences from cytochrome b. Apomys, endemic to oceanic portions of the Philippine archipelago, diversified during the Pliocene as these oceanic islands arose de novo. Several of the speciation events probably took place on Luzon or Mindanao, the two largest, oldest, and most topographically complex islands. Only one speciation event is associated with vicar- iance due to Pleistocene sea-level fluctuation, and a Pleistocene diversification model in which isolation is driven by sea-level changes is inconsistent with the data. Tectonic vicariance is nearly absent from the Philippines, in which tectonic coalescence plays a significant role. Most speciation events (about two-thirds) are associated with dispersal to newly developed oceanic islands. The data imply that the species have persisted for long periods, measured in mil- lions of years after their origins; further implications therefore are that faunal turnover is very slow, and persistence over geological time spans is more prominent than repeated colonization and extinction. Neither the equilibrium nor the vicariance model of biogeography adequately encompasses these results; a model incorporating colonization, extinction, and speciation is necessary and must incorporate long-term persistence to accommodate our observations. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 80, 699-715. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: biogeographical models - cytochrome b - dispersal - island biogeography - Pleistocene - speciation - vicariance.
DOES A WATCHED POT BOIL? A Time-Series Analysis of New York State's Sex Offender Registration and Notification Law

Despite the fact that the federal and many state governments have enacted registration and community notification laws as a means to better protect communities from sexual offending, limited empirical research has been conducted to examine the impact of such legislation on public safety. Therefore, utilizing time-series analyses, this study examined differences in sexual offense arrest rates before and after the enactment of New York State’s Sex Offender Registration Act. Results provide no support for the effectiveness of registration and community notification laws in reducing sexual offending by: (a) rapists, (b) child molesters, (c) sexual recidivists, or (d) first-time sex offenders. Analyses also showed that over 95% of all sexual offense arrests were committed by first-time sex offenders, casting doubt on the ability of laws that target repeat offenders to meaningfully reduce sexual offending.
Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) III: Associations with functional impairment related to DSM-IV disorders

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence that childhood adversities (CAs) are associated with increased risk of mental disorders, little is known about their associations with disorder-related impairment. We report the associations between CAs and functional impairment associated with 12-month DSM-IV disorders in a national sample. Method: We used data from the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Respondents completed diagnostic interviews that assessed 12-month DSM-IV disorder prevalence and impairment. Associations of 12 retrospectively reported CAs with impairment among cases (n=2242) were assessed using multiple regression analysis. Impairment measures included a dichotomous measure of classification in the severe range of impairment on the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and a measure of self-reported number of days out of role due to emotional problems in the past 12 months. RESULTS: CAs were positively and significantly associated with impairment. Predictive effects of CAs on the SDS were particularly pronounced for anxiety disorders and were significant in predicting increased days out of role associated with mood, anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders. Predictive effects persisted throughout the life course and were not accounted for by disorder co-morbidity. CAs associated with maladaptive family functioning (MFF; parental mental illness, substance disorder, criminality, family violence, abuse, neglect) were more consistently associated with impairment than other CAs. The joint effects of co-morbid MFF CAs were significantly subadditive. Simulations suggest that CAs account for 19.6% of severely impairing disorders and 17.4% of days out of role. CONCLUSIONS: CAs predict greater disorder-related impairment, highlighting the ongoing clinical significance of CAs at every stage of the life course. Language: en
HARQ performance modelling and evaluation of mobile WiMAX for network simulators

While the development of Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microware Access (WiMAX) devices is still an ongoing process, complete and accurate simulations become more important in order to study the performance of Mobile-WiMAX based broadband wireless access networks. To further improve network simulation models for Mobile WiMAX, we have theoretically modelled the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) mechanism and evaluated its performance and accuracy. In this paper, we present the design and implementation methodology of the Mobile WiMAX HARQ simulation model in system-level network simulators in order to gain benefits in link quality provided by enabling HARQ. Our results show that HARQ achieves higher throughput even at low signal strength, which can be considered as a non-line-of-sight scenario.
Contextual Effects on General Learning, Feature Learning, and Attention Strengthening in Visual Search

Context has an important influence on performance in a variety of tasks. In the present experiment, the context of interest was the number of consecutive trials under identical search conditions. The authors investigated how individuals learn to benefit from one form of contextual cues, the time course of such benefit, and the effects of contextual manipulations on general learning, feature learning, and automatic process development. These issues were examined using a visual search task in which investigators could manipulate both consistency and learning context. The results suggest that the manipulation of context influenced feature learning; that is, at least 10 consecutive trials were required before optimal scanning strategies could be developed and/or instituted. However, the training context manipulation did not affect the acquisition of an automatic attention response in a consistent task or the acquisition of a general skill for a varied task. Implications for task and system design and the development of training programs are discussed.
L2 motivation in foreign language learning

This study, which involved 130 US fourth to ninth graders enrolled in Chinese as a foreign language classrooms, intended to test Dornyei’s L2 Motivation Self System and the seven motivational constructs identified in his previous study, and investigate whether the constructs found in this study differ based on the following differences: (a) gender, (b) grade level, and (c) starting age of learning a foreign language. This study found four motivational constructs: instrumentality-dominant, attitudes toward the L2 speaker/community-dominant, learners’ perception of their parents’ proficiency in Chinese, and milieu. In addition, this study found a significant interactive effect between grade level and starting age of learning a foreign language. The younger learners in the foreign language late starter group perceived their parents as having higher proficiency in Chinese than how the older learners in the late starter group perceived their parents.
Residence in a urban area close to a petrochemical complex and its impact on allergic respiratory diseases in Italian schoolchildren

Aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of living in a urban area close to a petrochemical complex on questionnaire-reported allergic respiratory diseases in children. Between March and December 2012 we evaluated 1,248 schoolchildren (628 M), aged 10-16 yrs, selected from all the junior high schools of Gela (GE, 77,000 inhabitants/637 evaluatet subjects), Mediterranean area of Southern Italy, and those of Niscemi (NI, 26,400/354), Mazzarino (MA, 11,800/133), and Butera (BU, 4,900/124), in rural areas respectively 15, 27, and 16 km far from GE. A petrochemical industry, operating since 1965, is located close to the Gela urban area. Parents fulfilled a respiratory questionnaire. Asthmatic bronchitis during the first 2 yrs of life was reported by 10.2% in GE, 8.2 in NI, 5.0 in MA, and 0.0 in BU (p=.033, chi2 test). Rhinitis in the last 12 months was reported by 28.5% in GE, 15.5 in NI, 19.2 in MA, and 16.7 in BU (p=.0002). Doctor diagnosed asthma (A) was reported by 10.1% in GE, 7.7 in NI, 4.4 in MA, and 2.7 in BU (p=.014). Use of drugs intended for asthma therapy in the last 12 months was reported by 6.9% in GE, 5.2 in NI, 0.8 in MA, and 1.0 in BU (p=.011). In a logistic model, when correcting for parental atopy, passive smoke exposure, mould/dampness at home, personal history for rhinitis, and socioeconomic status, children living in GE show a eightfold risk factor for A with respect to those living in BU (OR 8.2, IC 1.1-61.3, p=.04, p for trend .02). In conclusion, children living in a highly polluted area are at higher risk for developing allergic respiratory diseases. Funded by Operational Cross-border Program Italy-Malta 2007-2013.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Racial and Gender Differences in Job Mobility and Wages of Employees in Environmental Organizations

Despite the plethora of studies about environmental organizations, few studies have examined the work experiences of employees. Consequently, this study analyzes the job mobility and earnings of 265 environmental professionals. The survey sample consisted of 153 White and 112 minority respondents, including 150 men and 115 women. The study examines three dependent variables: job tenure, starting salaries, and current salaries. It analyzes how the independent variables race, gender, educational attainment, disciplinary background, type of college attended, length of time working in current organization, length of time working in the environmental field, and type of environmental organization worked in are related to the outcome variables. The study found that the perception of wage inequity was stronger among minorities than Whites. However, binary logistic regression analysis found that neither race nor gender were significant in predicting job tenure, starting, or current salary in multivariate models.
Heparin-coated balloon-expandable stent reduces intimal hyperplasia in the iliac artery in baboons.

PURPOSE To examine the effect of heparin-coated balloon-expandable iliac stent placement on intimal hyperplasia in a baboon model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balloon-expandable (Palmaz-Schatz) stents were placed in bilateral common iliac arteries in 20 male baboons (mean weight: 8.8 kg). In each animal, a heparin-coated iliac stent was placed on one side and the contralateral iliac artery received an uncoated stent that served as a control. The iliac artery stents were harvested at 30 days ( n = 10) and 90 days ( n = 10). Arteriography was performed to assess iliac patency and intravascular ultrasonography was used to determine neointimal and luminal areas. Histologic and morphometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were performed in the stent-implanted iliac arteries. RESULTS One animal was excluded in the 30-day group because of premature death. In the remaining nine surviving animals, seven control stents (78%) and nine heparin-coated stents (100%) remained patent. Morphometric analysis showed that the iliac arteries with heparin-coated stents had larger luminal areas (17%, P P P P = .92) compared to the control group at 30 days. In contrast, all control and heparin-coated stents were patent (100%) in the 90-day group. In that group, the heparin-coated stent group had less neointimal area (28%, P P P = .92) and luminal area ( P = .07) compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that heparin-coated balloon-expandable stents reduce intimal hyperplasia after iliac artery stent placement. This approach may represent a useful strategy for prolonging luminal patency after iliac stent placement.
IGF-I stimulates intestinal muscle cell growth by activating distinct PI 3-kinase and MAP kinase pathways.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), acting via its cognate receptor, plays an autocrine role in the regulation of growth of intestinal muscle cells. In the present study the signaling pathways me...
Aging-dependent depression in the kinetics of force development in rat skinned myocardium.

Normal aging of the rodent heart results in prominent prolongation of the twitch. We tested the hypothesis that increased expression of β-myosin heavy chain (MHC), as occurs in the normal aging pro...
Improving I/O performance using virtual disk introspection

Storage consolidation due to server virtualization puts stringent new requirements on Storage Array (SA) performance. Virtualized workloads require new performance optimizations that cannot be totally addressed by merely using expensive hardware such as SSDs. This position paper presents Virtual Machine Disk Image (VMDI) introspection--a key technique for implementing a variety of virtualization-oriented I/O optimizations. VMDI introspection gives SAs an understanding of guest file system semantics, such as determining object types and classifying read and write operations. We explore possible approaches for VMDI introspection and then describe a set of VMDI-introspection-based optimizations. Our prototype implementation with enhanced meta-data caching and placement shows 11% to 20× performance improvement.
Supplemental vitamin D3 concentration and biological type of beef steers. I. Feedlot performance and carcass traits

Because of the Ca dependency of the calpains, oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (VITD) can increase the Ca content of muscle to activate the calpains and improve tenderness. Feedlot steers (n = 142) were arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement consisting of four levels of VITD (0, 0.5, 1, and 5 million IU/[steer x d]) for eight consecutive days antemortem using three biological types (Bos indicus, Bos taurus-Continental, and Bos taurus-English). Feedlot performance factors of ADG, DMI, and G:F were measured, and carcass quality, yield, and color data were collected. Plasma Ca and P concentrations were measured during d 4 to 6 of supplementation and at exsanguination, and carcass pH and temperature were measured in the LM at 3 and 24 h postmortem. Vitamin D3 treatment at 5 million IU/(steer x d) decreased ADG (P < 0.05) over the supplementation and feed intake for the last 2 d of feeding compared with untreated control steers. Likewise, G:F was decreased (P = 0.03) in steers supplemented with 5 million IU/d compared with controls. Overall, there was a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in ADG and G:F as a result of VITD supplementation. Plasma concentrations of Ca and P were increased (P < 0.05) by VITD concentrations of 1 and 5 million IU/(steer x d). All VITD treatments increased (P < 0.05) LM temperature at 3 h postmortem and pH at 24 h postmortem. Vitamin D3 treatments did not affect (P = 0.07) any other carcass measurements, including USDA yield and quality grade; thus, any improvements in meat tenderness as a result of VITD supplementation can be made without adversely affecting economically important carcass factors. Biological type of cattle did not interact with VITD treatment for any carcass or feedlot performance trait. Although feeding 5 million IU/(steer x d) of VITD for eight consecutive days had negative effects on performance, supplementing VITD at 0.5 million IU/ (steer x d) did not significantly alter feedlot performance.
Electronic and magnetic properties of manganese and iron atoms decorated with BO2 superhalogens.

Using density functional theory based calculations, we have systematically studied the equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic and magnetic properties of Fe and Mn atoms interacting with a varying number of BO2 moieties. These clusters are found to exhibit hyperhalogen behavior with electron affinities as high as 6.9 eV once the number of BO2 moieties exceed the nominal valences of these transition metals toms, namely 2 for both Fe and Mn. In all cases the transition metal atoms retain a sizable spin magnetic moment, even exceeding their free atom values at certain compositions. We also note that when more than two BO2 moieties are bound to neutral Fe and Mn atoms, they tend to dimerize. In the case of negative ions, this process occurs at n ≥ 3, thus leading to different neutral and anionic ground state geometries. The effect of these structural changes in the interpretation of photoelectron spectroscopy experiments is discussed.
Integrated ocean drilling program will proceed.

In their News & Analysis piece (“U.S. to leave consortium and go it alone after 2013,” 26 August, p. [1079][1]), R. A. Kerr and D. Normile write that the United States plans to pull out of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). This is not accurate. The National Science Foundation's announcement indicates only a change in the operational structure. The three current platforms will continue to conduct international science but will be managed separately. The change does not lessen the importance of IODP to the U.S. scientific community, who look forward to continued international collaboration in science planning, expeditions, and post-expedition research. Nor does the change decrease the value of the 2013–2023 IODP Science Plan, which remains the guiding document for the new program. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.333.6046.1079
Isolation of Streptococci in a Study of the Epidemic of Encephalitis in St. Louis

In a previous report1 the consistent demonstration of streptococci in the spinal fluid obtained from patients during the active stage of encephalitis; the isolation of a streptococcus having peculiar cataphoretic velocity and virulence from the nasopharynx, spinal fluid, and brain; the specific agglutinability of the streptococcus by the encephalitis antistreptococcus serum, and by the serum of convalescent patients; and the production in rabbits of the more important acute clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease, have been recorded. Since then the streptococcus has been isolated from the blood of 5 of 7 patients during the active stage of the disease, it has been found in the nasopharynges and spinal fluids in additional cases, and a large proportion of contacts and non-contacts in the epidemic zone have been found to be carriers of this streptococcus. Thus, the streptococci of 52 (81%) of the different strains isolated from 64 persons in the active stage of the disease (2 to 10 days) had...
Abstract 3968: MicroRNA-34a inhibits proliferation and invasion by targeting c-Myc in prostate cancer cells

MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a), a potent p53 mediator, has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor. The proto-oncogene c-Myc regulates cell proliferation and transformation both transcriptionally and non-transcriptionally and is frequently deregulated in human cancers. Rho GTPases are small G proteins that regulate various cellular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics, migration, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and transcription. RhoA has been shown to control cancer metastasis and progression and cross-talk between RhoA and c-Myc has been reported. We studied the functional effects of miR-34a on c-Myc and RhoA in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Transfection of miR-34a into PC-3 cells strongly inhibited in vitro cell proliferation, in vivo xenograft growth and cell invasion and promoted apoptosis. miR-34a downregulated expression of c-Myc by targeting its 3’ UTR as shown by luciferase reporter assays. miR-34a was also found to repress RhoA expression. Overexpression of c-Myc reversed miR-34a suppression of RhoA expression and invasion, suggesting that miR-34a inhibits invasion by suppressing RhoA through c-Myc. We also found that miR-34a downregulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which convert inactive GTPases to an active form. Our results demonstrate that miR-34a suppresses malignancy by targeting c-Myc in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3968. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3968
Closure of patent arterial ductus in infant intervention

Objectives To explore the feasibility, efficacy and some particularity of closing patent arterial duct in infants, using the Amplatzer duct occluder. Methods Twenty-nine cases aged less than one year old and weighing 4.5-10.5 kg were involved in the study. In 13 cases with middle-sever pulmonary hypertension, the diameter of narrowest PDA was 1.5-7.4 mm, 2 cases of them were intubated. The Amplatzer duct occluder was from 4-6 mm to 16-18 mm in size. Results All ducts were closed successfully in primary operation. Following descending aorta angiography, three cases were found to have small residual shunt which disappeared at the third days after operation. One case had middling residual shunt and hematuria which disappeared at 24 hour after operation. This case had small residual shunt at one month after operation, but it had no any complication. Conclusions Complete closure of patent arterial ducts with the Amplatzer ductus occluder in infants is the first choice method which is safe and effective.
The Record of France Agriculture in the 19th Century——the Analysis of Millet's farmer-painting

Jean-Francois Millet was a painter as well as a farmer.From his paintings we can know his commiseration to the farmer,his critism to society and his devotion to the pastoral life.This article combines Millet's personality with his drawing theme and analyses his labour paintings,in order to interpret his realistic style and unique value.
Optimization of the Preparative Technique for Atropine Sulfate Sustained-release Tablets

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the preparative technique for Atropine Sulfate sustained-release tablets.METHODS:The type,specification,dosage and preparation technique etc of slow-release matrix material,bulking agent and adhesive material were optimized by orthogonal design,with the in vitro releasing rate compared with that of the common tablets.RESULTS:The optimal techniques for the sustained-release tablets were the following:with calcium phosphate dibasic as bulking agent;the concentration of adhesive material was 20g·mL-1 and the dosage of slow-release matrix material was 20g.The cumulative releasing rates of the sustained-release tablet and the common tablet at 2h were 34.05% and 92.74%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The sustained-release tablets showed a better efficacy than the common tablet,with drug release pattern in conformity with the Higuich kinetic.
Gastrointestinal Vascular Syndromes

Simultaneous measurement of blood flow in a number of regional circulations has shown that infarction of the gastrointestinal tract may occur not only as the result of local occlusion but also as the remote consequence of a cardiac crisis. Conversely, cardiac output and coronary perfusion may be reduced by ischemic events in the splanchnic bed. The clinical implications of these findings are illustrated.
Epiphanic Otherness: Ulysses ’ ‘Eumaeus’ Episode and the Ambush of the Reader’s Expectations

Joyce prefers the human form divine to the divine form human.2 In this chapter, situated midway between the metaphysical themes rendered by Melville and the hermeneutic experience elicited from the reader in the work of Iris Murdoch, I wish to discuss a dimension of the pre-eminently modern text, Ulysses, a dimension that bears directly on my overall theme of otherness. Though much has been written about the significance of epiphany and the aesthetic intentions of James Joyce, little discussion has been offered to date on the epiphanic mode and its function in the later episodes of Ulysses. I have chosen one such episode, ‘Eumaeus’, in order to give point to the many aspects that come into play for the reader to actualise what for all appearances must be the thematic climax of this richly complex novel. Such ‘appearances’ are the conventional expectations that have troubled readers for decades, and it is the experience of the displacement of such expectations that I shall call, in this singular instance, epiphanic.
Looking beyond the Tribe: Abandoning Paradigms to Write Social History in Yemen During World War I

A common error in historico-political analysis consists in an inability to find the correct relation between what is organic and what is conjunctural. This leads to presenting causes as immediately operative which in fact only operate indirectly, or to asserting that the immediate causes are the only effective ones … In the first case there is an overestimation of mechanical causes, in the second an exaggeration of the voluntarist and individual element (Gramsci 1971, p. 178).
A new multiple access wiretap channel model

A new model for the two-user multiple-access wiretap channel is considered. In this model, the legitimate (main) channel is a discrete memoryless channel (DMC), and the wiretapper chooses a fixed-length subset of the channel uses where she has perfect access to the transmitted symbols of the both users, while observing the remainder of the transmitted codewords through a second DMC. As such, it generalizes the existing multiple-access wiretap channel models and extends the recently proposed new wiretap channel model to a multiple access setting. An achievable strong secrecy rate region for the model is derived. The achievability is established by solving a dual multi-terminal secret key agreement problem in the source model, where two independent sources are communicating confidential keys to a common decoder over a public channel in the presence of a compound wiretapping source. The secrecy of the two keys in the dual source model is established by deriving a lemma which provides a doubly exponential convergence rate for the probability of the keys being uniform and independent from the public discussion and the wiretapping source observation.
Environmental Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Small Structures

Size-effect is known to influence the mechanical properties of materials at micro- and nanoscales. Mechanisms of fracture and failure are often affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. The latter is postulated to cause stress corrosion cracking in metallic and ceramic Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) components. A recently-developed hybrid microtester enclosed in an environmentally-controlled chamber was used to study the effects of temperature on the mechanical properties of small structures. MEMS-scale specimens, prepared from aluminum foam struts as well as covetic aluminum were tested in microtensile testing. Results of these micromechanical tests show that the tensile behavior of Al struts are similar at temperatures of 11 and 42 °C. Further, covetic Al samples show a higher strength at a lower temperature (15 °C), but higher ductility at a higher temperature (44 °C).Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Distinction of Risk Factors for Superficial vs Organ-Space Surgical Site Infections After Pancreatic Surgery.

Importance Surgical site infection (SSI) rates are increasingly used as a quality metric. However, risk factors for SSI in pancreatic surgery remain undefined. Objective To stratify superficial and organ-space SSIs after pancreatectomy and investigate their modifiable risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective analysis included 201 patients undergoing pancreatic surgery at a university-based tertiary referral center from July 1, 2013, through June 30, 2015, and 10 371 patients from National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Hepatopancreaticobiliary (NSQIP-HPB) Collaborative sites from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Superficial, deep-incisional, and organ-space SSIs, as defined by NSQIP. Results Among the 201 patients treated at the single center (108 men [53.7%] and 93 women [46.3%]; median age, 48.6 years [IQR, 41.4-57.3 years]), 58 had any SSI (28.9%); 28 (13.9%), superficial SSI; 8 (4%), deep-incisional SSI; and 24 (11.9%), organ-space SSI. Independent risk factors for superficial SSI were preoperative biliary stenting (odds ratio [OR], 4.81; 95% CI, 1.25-18.56; P = .02) and use of immunosuppressive corticosteroids (OR, 13.42; 95% CI, 1.64-109.72; P = .02), whereas soft gland texture was the only risk factor for organ-space SSI (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.35-14.66; P = .01). Most patients with organ-space infections also had grades B/C fistulae (15 of 24 [62.5%] vs 4 of 143 [2.8%] in patients with no SSI; P P P = .04). Among patients in the NSQIP-HPB Collaborative, 2057 (19.8%) had any SSI; 719 (6.9%), superficial SSI; 207 (2%), deep-incisional SSI; and 1287 (12.4%), organ-space SSI. Preoperative biliary stenting was confirmed as an independent risk factor for superficial SSI (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.58-2.71; P P = .002) but was more strongly and significantly associated with organ-space SSI (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.88-2.85; P Conclusions and Relevance Preoperative biliary stenting and coriticosteroid use increase superficial SSI, even in patients receiving perioperative piperacillin-tazobactam. Additional measures, including extended broad-spectrum perioperative antibiotic treatment, should be considered in these patients. Organ/space SSIs appear to be related to pancreatic fistulae, which are not modifiable. Reporting these different subtypes as a single, overall rate may be misleading.
Whole Exome Sequencing of Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Purpose To identify genomic mutations in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC) samples from patients. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from LGACC specimens. Whole exome sequencing (exome-seq) was conducted to screen for mutations. Capillary sequencing was performed to verify mutations in genes shared by multiple samples. Luciferase assays were used to evaluate functional consequences of NOTCH1 mutations. Results The mutation profile of LGACC was complicated. The most frequently mutated gene observed (28.6%) was bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF). No mutation was identified in common cancer genes such as TP53, KRAS, and BRAF. However, mutations predicted to be functionally severe were accumulated in the Notch signaling pathway including NOTCH1 and NOTCH2, of which mutations have been reported in head/neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Of 14 LGACC samples, five samples carry mutations in Notch pathway genes. Capillary sequencing verified all the mutations in the two NOTCH genes identified by exome-seq. Compared to the wild-type NOTCH1, three frame shifting mutations and two missense mutations (C387W and L1600Q) increased luciferase activity approximately 10- to 25-fold. Conclusions Major genomic mutation profiles in LGACC were uncovered by exome-seq. Although preliminary in nature, the Notch pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for LGACC.
The Occurrences, References and Projected Attitudes About LGBT Lifestyles in Children's Media: A Content Analysis of Animated Films

... 2 Background 3 Hypothesis 5 Literature Review LGBT Representations in General Audience-Based Content 6 Queering Children's Television 9 A culture of Protection 12 Methodology 13 Coding Schemes Character Description 15 Physical Characteristics 15 Gender Role Transgressions 16 Intense Same-gender Interactions... 16 Results Table 1 18 Table 2A 19 Table 2B – 2C 20 Themes & Ramifications...... In the Background 21 Preoccupation with Heterosexual Main Character 26 Sissy Villain? 31 New Forms of Feminine and Masculine Main Characters 32 Discussion & Conclusions.... 35 Limitations & Further Research.... 37 Works Cited 39 Appendix 41
The evolving understanding of factor VIII binding sites and implications for the treatment of hemophilia A

Hemophilia A is caused by decreased or dysfunctional blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Recent developments in the understanding of FVIII biology, in particular the nature of FVIII binding sites on platelets, may provide new insight into the limitations of current assays. Recent data suggest that the phospholipid vesicles, which represent nonphysiologic membranes of high phosphatidylserine (PS) content, poorly reflect functional FVIII binding sites critical to coagulation. This narrative review describes the function of FVIII in clotting and discusses our evolving understanding of FVIII binding sites and their clinical implications. Refined models of FVIII binding sites have the potential to improve FVIII assays, possibly improving bleeding risk stratification for patients with mild and moderate hemophilia A. They may also support earlier and more accurate detection of inhibitors, before they are clinically evident.
Postoperative Care of Cardiac Patients

At the conclusion of a cardiac surgical procedure, the patient must be safely tranported with continuous cardiovascular monitoring to a recovery or intensive care area. This is usually performed by transferring each individual monitoring device to a portable, battery-powered monitor. The systemic and pulmonary arterial or central venous pressures, electrocardiogram, and heart sounds via esophageal stethoscope are monitored. Oxygen, via positive pressure ventilation, is administered using a nonrebreathing system. Some self-inflating bags are capable of delivering only 50 to 60% oxygen at flow rates of 6 to 8 liters (16), while a nonrebreathing Mapleson system or a self-inflating bag with a reservoir e.g. Hope 2 Resuscitator, Laerdal Resusci 2, Bird Resuscitator (17) will provide 100% oxygen. A battery-powered defibrillator, a liter of blood or intravenous fluid, and cardioactive drugs, such as calcium, lidocaine, thorazine, phenylephrine should accompany the patient.
Effluent Guidelines Compliance through Waste Minimization

Ever-tightening regulations on releases to the environment have become a major business factor for the chemical industry. The Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers (OCPSF) effluent guidelines have required many manufacturing sites to expand or upgrade their wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) at considerable cost. Du Pont has recognized the need to shift the emphasis from “end-of-pipe” treatment to waste reduction and elimination at the process source. The Du Pont Belle, West Virginia plant is implementing a program to comply with the OCPSF effluent guidelines by reducing the organic waste load to the WWTP, with secondary emphasis on upgrading the facility for more efficient treatment. This program will reduce the WWTP load by 50%, control priority pollutants at their source and minimize future shock loads from nine processes. This approach will save over $7 million of the investment that would have been required if the effluent reductions were achieved only from WWTP modifications. BOD loads have been reduced to date by over 40% and forecast permit exceedances have dropped from 19 to 2 since 1987. Other anticipated benefits of the waste minimization program are reduced sludge production and volatile organic emissions, as well as greatly improved product yield in one process.
The American Voter in 1932: Evidence from a Confidential Survey

In 1932, the American electorate was surveyed in a poll that has languished in the archives. The survey was conducted by Houser Associates, a pioneer in market research. It interviewed face-to-face a representative cross section about voter choices and issue attitudes. Although conducted on behalf of the Hoover campaign, the poll was not biased in his favor. The most striking revelation is that the electoral sway of the Depression was quite limited. The government was not seen by most voters as the major culprit or as having been ineffective in alleviating it. Even many FDR voters agreed. Moreover, there was no widespread “doom and gloom” about the future. What loomed larger in 1932 was the issue of Prohibition. The American people overwhelmingly favored repeal. The Democratic stand on it—that is, outright repeal—was a sure electoral winner, given Hoover’s staunch defense of Prohibition.
Aesthetic self-medication: Bob Flanagan and Sheree Rose's structures of breathing

This essay tracks adaptations to corporeal transformations in breathing in the performance art and life writing of Bob Flanagan (1952–1996) and Sheree Rose (b. 1941). It chronicles how breathing as...
Twitter Influencers in the 2016 US Congressional Races

In this paper, I outline a method for collecting Twitter data to identify two types of political actors that are increasingly prominent in social media environments: influential politicians and pol...
VTeller: Telling the Values Somewhere, Sometime in a Dynamic Network of Urban Systems

Dynamic networks are very common in urban systems today. As data are acquired, unfortunately, they are rarely complete observations of the whole system. It is important to reliably infer the unobserved attribute values anywhere in the graphs, at certain times---either in the past or in the future. Previous work does not sufficiently capture the correlations inherent with graph topology and with time. We propose a machine learning approach using a novel probabilistic graphical model. We devise a series of algorithms to efficiently group the vertices, to learn the model parameters, and to infer the unobserved values for query processing. Furthermore, we propose a method to incrementally and automatically update the model. Finally, we perform an extensive experimental study using two real-world dynamic graph datasets to evaluate our approach.