cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Determination of Diphenyl-p-Phenylenediamine (DPPD) in Feeds

Abstract The method of analysis is based on the measurement of the red color produced by DPPD in a concentrated nitric acid solution. In general, the size of the sample taken for analysis depends upon the concentration of DPPD to be expected. It is preferable, however, to take a reasonably large sample in order to minimize somewhat the errors due to distribution of the DPPD in the feed. Since the concentration of DPPD in the final aliquot to be read should be in the range of 5–35 micrograms, dilutions made and aliquots taken are governed accordingly. The following illustrates the method used in this laboratory. The example is for a feed containing 0.025% DPPD. Weigh out a 10-gram sample of feed and transfer it to a 250-milliliter volumetric flask. Then add 50 milliliters of acetone t o the flask and heat the contents on the steam bath for 20 minutes …
Are most of our concepts innate

Fodor has argued that, because concept acquisition relies on the use of concepts already possessed by the learner, all concepts that cannot be definitionally reduced are innate. Since very few reductive definitions are available, it appears that most concepts are innate. After noting the reasons why we find such radical concept nativism implausible, I explicate Fodor's argument, showing that anyone who is committed to mentalistic explanation should take it seriously. Three attempts at avoiding the conclusion are examined and found to be unsuccessful. I then present an alternative way around Fodor's nativism; I maintain that concepts at a given level of explanation can be semantically primitive, yet at least partially acquired if some of the conditions at a lower level of explanation that are responsible for the concept's presence are themselves acquired.
Ce-doped single crystal and ceramic garnet for γ-ray detection

Ceramic and single crystal Lutetium Aluminum Garnet scintillators exhibit energy resolution with bialkali photomultiplier tube detection as good as 8.6% at 662 keV. Ceramic fabrication allows production of garnets that cannot easily be grown as single crystals, such as Gadolinium Aluminum Garnet and Terbium Aluminum Garnet. Measured scintillation light yields of Cerium-doped ceramic garnets indicate prospects for high energy resolution.
A Survey of Routing Protocols that Support QoS in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The explosive growth in the use of mobile devices coupled with users' desires for real-time applications has provided new challenges in the design of protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Chief among these challenges to enabling real-time applications for mobile ad hoc networks is incorporating support for quality of service (QoS), such as meeting bandwidth or delay constraints. In particular, it is important that routing protocols incorporate QoS metrics in route finding and maintenance to support end-to-end QoS. This article extensively and exclusively studies the issues involved with QoS-aware routing and presents an overview and comparison of existing QoS-aware routing protocols. In addition, the open issues that must be addressed to fully support QoS-aware routing are discussed.
Optimal phases of maximal length sequences for asynchronous spread-spectrum multiplexing

Optimal phases are given for maximal length linear feedback shift-register sequences (m-sequences) of periods 31 and 63 which are to be employed as signature sequences in an asynchronous direct sequence spread-spectrum multiple access communications system. The performance measure considered is the average signal/noise ratio at the output of the correlation receiver. The data presented is applicable to various forms of direct sequence spread-spectrum modulation including binary phase-shift keying, offset quadriphase-shift keying, and minimum shift keying modulation.
Temporal stability of an NDVI-LAI relationship in a Napa Valley vineyard

Remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, derived from high-resolution satellite images, were compared with ground measurements of vineyard leaf area index (LAI) periodically during the 2001 growing season. The two variables were strongly related at six ground calibration sites on each of four occasions (r squared = 0.91 to 0.98). Linear regression equations relating the two variables did not significantly differ by observation date, and a single equation accounted for 92 percent of the variance in the combined dataset. Temporal stability of the relationship opens the possibility of transforming NDVI maps to LAI in the absence of repeated ground calibration fieldwork. In order to take advantage of this circumstance, however, steps should be taken to assure temporal consistency in spectral data values comprising the NDVI.
Biochemical studies of methotrexate resistance in choriocarcinoma of the human placenta and testis

Abstract Lung metastases from two cases of choriocarcinoma were compared to determine whether there was a biochemical explanation for their resistance to methotrexate therapy. The sensitivity of dihydrofolate reductase to methotrexate inhibition was nearly identical in the normal term placenta, placental choriocarcinoma, and testicular choriocarcinoma (I50 × 109 m of 8.6, 9.3, and 9.3, respectively). There was no appreciable peptidase G activity in either the normal or malignant tissues. The dihydrofolate reductase activity of normal placental tissue was higher than that found in either case of choriocarcinoma.
Characterization of Calcium‐Dependent Chromaffin Granule Binding Proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the characterization of calcium-dependent chromaffin granule-binding proteins. The chromobindins have been numbered according to their positions on two-dimensional gels. Chromobindin 4 was identified as a 32 kDa mammalian calelectrin after isolation of calelectrin from bovine live, iodination and coelectrophoresis in two-dimensional with the chromobindins. Chromobindins 20 was similarly identified as a 67 kDa variant of a calelectrin and was also found to have the properties of the synexin-inhibitory protein, synhibin. Chromobindin 6 and 9 were immunoprecipitated with antiserum to the 35 kDa substratefor the EGF receptor/ kinase. As the 35 kDa protein may be a fragment of the phospholipase inhibitory protein lipocortin, it is likely that chromobindin 9 is lipocortin and chromobindin 6 is similar kDa fragment. Chromobindin 8 was identified as calpactin, the 36 kDa substrate for the src kinase, on the basis of immunological cross-reaction and two-dimensional peptide mapping. Chromobindin 10 was identified as actin on the basis of two-dimensional electrophoretic parameters and antibody cross-reaction. Chromobindin 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18 and 19 were determined to be subunits of a complex protein, called chromobindin A, which requires ATP to be released from the membrane.
Tibial fractures of young children.

Tibial fractures are relatively frequent injuries of young children. These fractures are occasionally the cause of a childhood gait disturbance. Additionally, tibial fractures may be the result of child abuse. Consequently, the pediatrician should have knowledge concerning these injuries. In this paper, we present a review of tibial fractures in hospitalized children and describe their associations with nonaccidental trauma (NAT). Finally, we provide suggestions for improving nonmenclature clarity for isolated spiral fractures of the tibia. Language: en
Current and emerging technologies for extending the lifetime of electroless nickel plating baths

The waste treatment and rejuvenation of spent electroless nickel baths has attracted a considerable amount of interest from electroplating shops, electroless nickel suppliers, universities and regulatory agencies due to the finite life of the baths and the associated waste that the process generates. It is generally accepted that the recycling of electroless nickel solutions is one of the most important challenges facing the electroless nickel-plating industry today. This review presents an overview of the existing and emerging technologies for extending the life of electroless nickel baths. The electroless nickel bath regenerative technologies are appraised from the standpoint of removal of harmful bath components, loss of valuable bath components, cost-effectiveness, secondary waste generation and ease of implementation. The review draws upon an array of academic papers, industrial/company reports, conference proceedings and patents in order to allow the reader to evaluate and compare the different technologies and options for extending the life of electroless nickel-plating solutions.
Effects of Glucose on Glucagon Secretion by the Anolian Splenic Pancrease

SummaryGlucagon secretion from splenic pancreata of Anolis carolinensis was not significantly increased by a 56% decrease in the concentration of glucose (1 mg/ml). When the glucose concentration was reduced to 0.5 mg/ml, a significant increase in glucagon release was observed. Arginine (10 mM) did not significantly alter glucagon secretion. The pattern of glucagon secretion under stimulatory conditions shows a rapid onset and long duration. A concentration of glucose of 6 mg/ml failed to significantly decrease glucagon release. The results demonstrate the utility of the anolian splenic pancreas for exploring the regulation and dynamics of glucagon secretion.
Molecular relaxation in cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate networks by dielectric spectroscopy

Abstract The molecular relaxation characteristics of rubbery amorphous crosslinked networks based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate [PEGDA] and poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate [PPGDA] have been investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Dielectric spectra measured across the sub-glass transition region indicate the emergence of an intermediate “fast” relaxation in the highly crosslinked networks that appears to correspond to a subset of segmental motions that are more local and less cooperative as compared to those associated with the glass transition. This process, which is similar to a distinct sub- T g relaxation detected in poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO], may be a general feature in systems with a sufficient level of chemical or physical constraint, as it is observed in the crosslinked networks, crystalline PEO, and PEO-based nanocomposites.
Determination of critical micelle concentration of aqueous lysolecithin solutions

Abstract The ultraviolet absorption band of o-cresol was found to shift significantly when lysolecithin micelles were present in the aqueous solution. Since this change in the spectrum is similar to the shift observed when the environment of o-cresol is changed from water to the less polar medium methanol, and since it disappears below a critical lysolecithin concentration, the spectral shift is apparently due to the incorporation of o-cresol molecules into the micelles. This effect was utilized for the determination of the critical micelle concentration of lysolecithin using a difference-spectroscopy technique. By an extrapolation of the results to zero o-cresol concentration, the critical micelle concentration of lysolecithin in aqueous solution at 25° was found to be 450 ± 60 μm. From the temperature dependence of this parameter the enthalpy (−8.4 kcal/mol) and entropy (−28.2 cal/degree per mole) of micellization were estimated.
Sticking probabilities for sputtered Ag AND Au atoms incident on oxidized aluminum surfaces

We have measured the sticking probabilities for sputtered Ag and Au atoms incident on oxidized aluminum surfaces as a function of the areal density of deposited atoms. For Ag sputtered by 200 keV Ar ions, we found a sticking probability at zero coverage of k(0) = 0.46 ± 0.20. For very high coverages, we found k(n > 10^(17)at./cm^2) = 0.80 ± 0.20. For Au sputtered by 200 keV Ar ions, w found k(0) = 0.92 ± 0.08 and k(n > 10^(17)at./cm^2) = 0.80 ± 0.03. For Au sputtered by 200 keV Xe ions, values of k(0) = 0.98 ± and k(n > 10^(17)at./cm^2) = 0.89 ± 0.03 were obtained. In all cases, the sticking probability varied noticeably for densities between o and twenty monolayers. For Au, a maximum value near 1 was observed in this region while for Ag, the sticking probability exhibited a minimum of approximately 35%. Some possible explanations for these results are offered and the implications for collection-type sputtering experiments are discussed.
The use of mineralogic techniques as relative age indicators for weathering profiles on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA

Abstract Textural, geochemical, and mineralogic study of soils and weathering profiles has led to the practice of applying varioys weathering parameters as relative age indicators. In our studies examined the entire thickness of weathered sediment (i.e., the weathering profile) for evidence of weathering-induced changes in both sand- and clay-sized mineralogy, and used two techniques for relative age determinations. These techniques were developed as tools to support geologic mapping. One of our techniques for determining relative ages is based on the depth of weathering as recorded by progressive loss of denrital sand-sized minerals upward in the weathering profile. This is our preferred tool, especially in areas where weathering profiles have been truncated. We have found a gradual trend of increasing loss of labile sand-sized minerals (e.g., hornblendes, feldspars) and increasing depth of weathering with increasing age of the deposit. Of significance to many research programs, this technique does not require expensive instruments such as an X-ray diffractometer. Our other technique depends on accumulation of stable, secondary clay-sized minerals in the upper part of the weathering profile. In our study area on the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States, the stable assemblage consists of vermiculite, kaolinite, gibbsite, and iron oxides and hydroxides. This technique can be effective for relative age determinations where profiles have not been truncated, and can provide useful information on depositional and erosional history. However, in areas of widespread erosion and profile truncation, such as the Carolinas, the utility of this technique for relative age determinations is limited. There, soils were partially or completely removed in many localities in relatively recent times.
Electronic structures and properties of twisted polyacenes.

The effects of twisting on the electronic structures and properties of polyacenes were studied computationally using DFT methods. Singlet−triplet and HOMO−LUMO gaps and vertical S0−S1 transition energies are marginally affected as a function of end-to-end twist angle. The large twist induced by the phenyl substituents in 9,10,11,20,21,22-hexaphenyltetrabenzo[a,c,l,n]pentacene has little influence on its electronic structure.
CONSER Cooperative Open Access Journal Project

A description and review of the Cooperative Open Access Journal Project. The project is a systematic approach to making CONSER records available for the journals in the Directory of Open Access Journals. The project is a cooperative effort to increase e-journal coverage in the CONSER file of records for a collection of high value.
Surface and atmospheric controls on the heating coefficient

Measurements of the surface radiation budgets for three surfaces—grass, soil and a cornfield—are used to evaluate the ‘heating coefficient’β, and its componentsβ ↑(=dL ↑/dR n ) andβ ↓(=dL ↓/dR n ). This resolution permits an analysis of the sensitivity of β to surface and atmospheric influences.β ↑ is shown, both theoretically and empirically, to be determined by surface properties. For grass and soil, the parameter functions as an index of surface desiccation.β ↓ values are large (even under clear conditions) and variable, accounting for part of the variance in β and the anomalously small and negative values reported in the literature.β ↓ values for cloudy conditions may be larger or smaller than those for clear skies. It is concluded that, unless a predictive procedure can be developed forβ ↓, the Monteith and Szeicz model is of limited use for the routine estimation of net radiation.
Sensitivity of photoscreening to detect high-magnitude amblyogenic factors.

Abstract Purpose: To determine the sensitivity of a unique pupil-size based set of referral criteria of the MTI PhotoScreener(Medical Technology and Innovations, Inc, Cedar Falls, Iowa) to detect high magnitude refractive error. Methods: The photoscreening photographs of 949 preschool children previously analyzedwere reevaluated with the new referral criteria. The original photographs had been obtained from pediatricians' offices and public health and Women, Infants, and Children's (WIC) clinics. The results of this analysis were compared with the gold standard clinical examination and cycloplegic refraction. Sensitivities were calculated for amblyogenic factors based on the magnitude of the refractive error. Results: For 26 patients with anisometropia, the sensitivity to detect anisometropia increased from 46% for +1.25 or greater spherical interocular difference to 100% for +2.50 spherical intraocular difference. For 36 patients with hypermetropia in at least 1 meridian ranging from +3.75 to +7.50 D, sensitivity increased from 53% to detect +3.75 D or greater to 70% for +5.00 D or greater. The sensitivity to detect hypermetropia of +5.75 D or greater was 100%. These criteria detected 82% of patients with astigmatism greater than or equal to +3.00 D, and 100% of patients with astigmatism greater than +3.50 D. Conclusion: It is crucial that screening programs avoid overreferrals caused by high false-positive screening rates. The sensitivity of our new criteria increases with higher magnitude refractive error; patients with moderate and severe amblyogenic factors are almost never missed. While the sensitivity to detect lower magnitude refractive error is poor, the amblyogenic impact of such errors remains to be determined. (J AAPOS 2002;6:86-91)
Physician behaviors surrounding the implementation of decision and communication AIDS in a breast cancer clinic: a qualitative analysis of staff intern perceptions.

The aim of this paper is to examine how physician behavior facilitated or impeded our implementation of decision and communication aids in a breast cancer clinic. Staff interns provided decision and communication aids to patients and wrote up case notes for each patient they served. We used grounded theory to code our staff interns’ case notes. We then identified barriers and facilitators to our program’s implementation from each category we generated in the coding. Facilitators included physicians reading patient questions and then bringing the staff interns to the consultation. Barriers included physicians forgetting to bring the staff interns to the appointments and discouraging interns from speaking during the consultation. Physicians vary in their cooperation with our program. Our next steps will be to inquire directly with physicians about how to adapt our program design. We will also seek to position the staff interns as mentees to increase physician commitment to our program.
Rural depopulation in a small open economy: Ireland 1856-1876.

Abstract The paper asks whether Irish emigration between 1856 and 1876 was due to labor being pulled out of Ireland by higher wages abroad, or to labor being pushed off the land as a result of price shocks in international commodity markets favoring pasture over tillage. A computational general equilibrium model of the Irish agricultural sector is constructed and subjected to the wage and price shocks experienced by the economy over the period. The model suggests that all the rural depopulation occurring during this period was due to wage shocks (i.e., foreign labor demand), and none to commodity price shocks.
Intermittent mitral regurgitation due to beall valve dysfunction: Analysis of 13 patients with atrial fibrillation

Abstract A unique hemodynamic event was noted in long-term survivors of mitral valve replacement with the Beall prosthesis. The event was a result of intermittent valve dysfunction and transvalvular mitral regurgitation (MR). At cycle lengths longer than 0.9 second that were preceded by shorter cycle lengths, 8 of 13 patients with Beall valve prostheses who had chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) intermittently had a marked unexpected decrease in peak left ventricular systolic pressure and a simultaneous increase in left atrial or pulmonary artery wedge “v” wave pressure. This event, which is a result of intermittent, severe MR, occurred more frequently at longer cycle lengths. In all 8 patients with the finding, severe valve disc wear was found at operation; however, 5 of these patients had only trace or 1+ MR on left ventricular angiography. In contrast, the event did not occur in 11 patients in chronic AF with organic MR or non-Beall valve MR, despite an appropriate number of sufficiently long cycles. The absence of the event in 5 Beall valve patients with significantly faster heart rates than in those with the event may in part be a result of its dependence on cycle length. This hemodynamic event, when present in a Beall valve recipient in AF, is an indication for valve replacement, even in the absence of angiographic evidence of severe MR.
The Sleeve Induction Motor for High-Performance Servomechanisms

The order-of-magnitude reduction in effective inertia provided by the conductive-sleeve induction motor, coupled with advances in high-power solid-state devices, make all-electric servo systems feasible in certain applications in which the inertia of the squirrel cage or solid iron rotor would be prohibitive. Low inertia in the sleeve motor is obtained at the expense of real and reactive power requirements. This paper shows how the trade between these quantities is best made. Delay in control-field buildup in the usual servomotor control system may prevent full realization of the high performance of the sleeve motor. Constant-flux variable-frequency control of both phases is proposed as a method of eliminating this time delay.
Channeling radiation from quasicrystals: methods

Abstract Recently a class of quasicrystals has been discovered experimentally which exhibit quasiperiodicity along one direction and periodicity along all others. We have numerically calculated the transverse wavefunctions and energy eigenvalue spectrum of relativistic electrons channeled by the planes perpendicular to the quasicrystal (QC) axis for a simplified model of such a one-dimensional quasicrystal. The calculations were performed by using both conventional crystal approximant techniques and, for the first time, by a direct technique which makes use of the quasicrystalline model itself. The results given by the two methods agree well with each other. These wavefunctions and eigenvalue calculational procedures are the main ingredients in the computation of the channeling radiation intensities and spectra from such channeled electrons in the considered QCs, as will be reported in a future paper.
Infrastructures to imagine: the Mexican internet industry

The Internet provides a technical platform that can be used by start-ups in every country to launch innovative products for world markets. Yet, most of the successful Internet products---such as Twitter or Skype--- are created in centers of innovation in US and Europe. The major asset of startups in the most developed countries is the social infrastructures they have available, which are used to bring together the right people and create the conditions for building innovative and successful products. This study seeks to understand how start-up companies creating Internet products in mid-income countries are building the social infrastructures they need to succeed in world markets, within the social, economic, cultural and historical constraints of the country. The study looks at how entrepreneurs in Mexico are designing the social infrastructures and mechanisms to change their work practices and the culture of their industry, which had little precedent for technological innovation. This study looks at the practical level of how this change in practices and culture is articulated, and the ways in which interactive and communication technology is enabling these efforts.
Mouse models of DNA polymerases

In 1956, Arthur Kornberg discovered the mechanism of the biological synthesis of DNA and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1959 for this contribution, which included the isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Now there are 15 known DNA polymerases in mammalian cells that belong to four different families. These DNA polymerases function in many different cellular processes including DNA replication, DNA repair, and damage tolerance. Several biochemical and cell biological studies have provoked a further investigation of DNA polymerase function using mouse models in which polymerase genes have been altered using gene-targeting techniques. The phenotypes of mice harboring mutant alleles reveal the prominent role of DNA polymerases in embryogenesis, prevention of premature aging, and cancer suppression.
It was Just Like a Movie

One often-overlooked aspect of the 9/11 attacks is the event's profoundly mediated nature: because its unprecedented degree of traumatic simultaneity was only possible through contemporary media technologies, the attacks constitute a unique avenue through which to reconsider our notions of cultural trauma and recovery. In light of these considerations, this article explores the therapeutic potential of two mainstream Hollywood films about the 9/11 attacks—United 93 (2006) and World Trade Center (2006)—and questions whether it is possible to make a truly "realistic" film about 9/11.
Heterozygous carriers in the relatives of a case of phenylketonuria.

The 10 adult relatives of a known case of phenylketonuria (PKU) were analysed with the criterion groups of normal controls (N = 24) and heterozygotes (N = 16), with values of fasting and loading phenylalanine (100 mg/kg of body weight) and tyrosine to demonstrate which of the relatives fell outside or inside the heterozygous zone. The first original 6 and all 12 logarithmic variables were used in the computerized discriminant analysis. The discriminant scores did not overlap and 6 of the relatives including both parents were classified as heterozygous carriers. The discrimination powers of the method used were higher than in the best reported studies and indicate that the problem of overlapping and misclassification can be avoided with the computerized discriminant analysis.
Solvent modulation in liquid chromatography: extension to serially coupled columns

Abstract The concept and theory of solvent modulation are extended to serially coupled columns in liquid chromatography. Because the mobile phases are maintained in separate zones and the stationary phases in separate columns, solute retention is a simple, time-weighted average of the individual environments to which the solute is exposed. Thus, optimization of complex multidimensional chromatographic separations is more accurate and predictable. This approach is demonstrated by application to the separation of isomeric polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons using octadecylsilica and β-cyclodextrin silica stationary phases with aqueous methanol and acetonitrile mobile phases.
Bedside analysis of arterial blood gases and electrolytes during and after cardiac surgery.

Abstract Intraoperative changes in arterial blood gas tensions and serum electrolyte concentrations may contribute to the development of arrhythmias and cardiovascular insufficiency. Rapid Intraoperative assessment of these parameters may improve patient care by permitting earlier treatment of abnormalities. We evaluated a portable blood gas and electrolyte analyzer in six patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Evaluation by anesthesia personnel took place in the operating room. The analyzer produced rapid, accurate, and reliable data that were comparable to clinical laboratory data. Correlation coefficients between the analyzer and laboratory determinations for Pa0 2 , PaC0 2 , p H, K + , Ca ++ , and hematocrit were all greater than 0.92. Large changes in circulating ionized calcium (18%) and potassium (38%) concentrations were noted during cardiac surgery. Bedside blood gas and electrolyte analyzers represent a new technology worthy of further evaluation.
Relaxed specificity in aromatic prenyltransferases.

Prenylation represents a critical step in the biosynthesis of many natural products. A new study reveals how aromatic prenyltransferase enzymes tolerate diverse aromatic polyketides while still controlling the length of prenyl side chains.
Rejecting the Refutation That Never Was: Reply to Meyer's (2010) Comments on Savin-Williams, Cohen, Joyner, and Rieger (2010)

Commenting on Savin-Williams, Cohen, Joyner, and Rieger (2010), Meyer (2010) dismissed their analytic approach as erroneous and submitted a lengthy defense of his minority-stress hypothesis. We reject Meyer’s refutation on several accounts, the primary one being that the study was not designed or presented as a‘‘test’’of his position. Despite considerable limitations with the minority-stress hypothesis—chief among them is insufficient, empirically validated research demonstrating the direct causal mechanism by which societal stigma is translated into negative mental health effects—we referenced it because of its intuitive, heuristic appeal and assumed truth that frequently results in its evocation as an explanation for mental health discrepancies among sexual orientation groups. It is regrettable that Meyer interpreted our call for scientific curiosity as a frontal attack on his hypothesized mechanism. In the spirit of scholarly inquiry, we believe it is justifiable—when based on empirical research—to offer alternative explanations to perceived truths when explaining complex behaviors. In this light, we interpreted the data from a possibly biologically mediated perspective rather than from the sociological-based minority-stress position.
Influence of ensemble size on CO chemisorption and catalytic n-hexane conversion by Au-Pt(111) bimetallic single-crystal surfaces

Abstract Epitaxial Au layers were prepared by vapor deposition of Au on a Pt(111) single-crystal surface. Surface alloys were formed by heating the Pt(111) crystal that was covered with a Au multilayer. The surfaces were characterized with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO. LEED showed that both gold overlayers and Pt-Au alloy surfaces were well ordered and had (1 × 1) surface structures. The temperature at the maximum of the TPD spectrum of CO was found to be sensitive to the distribution of Pt atoms in the surface. As a result, epitaxial surfaces were shown to have large Pt ensembles while much smaller ensembles were predominant on alloy surfaces. With TPD of CO it could also be demonstrated that the ligand effect of alloying is absent for CO adsorbed on these alloy surfaces. The differences in ensemble size were found to have profound effects on the skeletal reactions of n-hexane. This reaction was carried out in situ with 26.7 mbar (20 Torr) n -hexane in 267 mbar (200 Torr) hydrogen at 573 K, by utilizing a sample isolation cell. Surface alloys were found to be more active than pure Pt(111). Large increases in the isomerization rate of n -hexane and simultaneous exponential decreases of hydrogenolysis and aromatization rates with gold concentration led to high selectivity for isomerization. These effects are caused by changes in the bonding of organic molecules that are induced by structural alterations of the Pt(111) single-crystal surface. Epitaxial gold layers decreased the activity of the Pt(111) surface in proportion to the gold coverage because of the reduction of the available platinum surface area, without substantial selectivity changes.
Pseudo-Conjugation/Compensation Of High-Power Optical Trains

We will discuss how novel arrangements of conventional static/linear optical elements can compensate for many classes of time varying distortion in a high power optical train. Precision corner arrays, lens arrays and K mirror arrays are all applicable as pseudo conjugation elements in certain classes of problems. In some cases multipassing (four or more passes) of a distorting medium can offer improved performance. Although the compensation is more limited than available from nonlinear phase compensation, problems with thresholds, pumps and frequency translations are eliminated.
Satellite motion around an oblate planet: A perturbation solution for all orbital parameters. II - Orbits for all inclinations

The search for a universal solution of the equations of motion for a satellite orbiting an oblate planet is a subject that has merited great interest because of its theoretical and practical implications. Here, a complete higher order perturbation solution for the orbit, including the effects of the J2 terms in the planet's potential and free of singularities for all parameters, is displayed. The simple formulas provide a fast method of accurately predicting satellite orbits for many revolutions.
EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL BEHAVIOR OF CARBON FIBER-BASED RODS AS FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT

This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical comparison of a study on the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with sandblasted carbon fiber-based composite rods. Twelve beams, including three control beams reinforced with steel, were tested for strength, deformation, and failure characteristics. Analytical comparisons included the generation of the theoretical strength and moment curvature relations. Experimental data from pullout tests indicated that bonding of sandblasted rods is not a major concern. However, excessive deformation in achieving the predicted moment capacity could be a limiting factor in the design of these beams.
Force field calculation of equilibrium thermodynamic properties: Diels-Alder reaction of 1,3-butadiene and ethylene and Diels-Alder dimerization of 1,3-butadiene

ΔH0, ΔS0, and Kp have been calculated by force field methods for two prototype Diels–Alder reactions, the condensation of 1,3-butadiene and ethylene, and the dimerization of 1,3-butadiene. Three force field programs were employed, Allinger's MMP2, Warshel and Karplus' CFF/PI, and Boyd's MOLBD3 (with Anet and Yavari diene parameters). MMP2 and CFF/PI were combined to calculate reactant and product ΔH (by MMP2) and thermodynamic functions S0, C, and (H − H) by use of CFF/PI molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies. MOLBD3 was used separately to calculate these properties. The combined MMP2, CFF/PI calculations exhibited excellent agreement with available experimental equilibrium data for both reactions, despite uncertainties in the number and energies of adduct conformers in the dimerization reaction. The MOLBD3 results were less satisfying, particularly for the dimerization reaction, because the entropy of 1,3-butadiene was overestimated by 2.5 cal mol−1 K−1.
Some New Families of Partially Balanced Designs of the Latin Square Type and Related Designs

Four very general families of partially balanced incomplete block designs with two associate classes and having the Latin square type of association scheme are presented. These families have simple, yet general, constructions and the treatment extends particular solutions presented by Chang and Liu (1964). The general treatment brings out relations between the class studied and certain other closely related designs, including balanced incomplete block designs, regular and semi-regular group divisible designs, and various square lattice designs. A by-product is the discovery of one new L 3(5) type and four new regular group divisible designs.
Multipass precedence analysis

This paper defines a hierarchy of languages which is properly contained in the context sensitive languages and which starts with the context free family. The hierarchy is defined inductively by controlling labeled linear grammars with languages in one family to yield languages in the next larger family. The families of the hierarchy have properties analogous to those of the context free family, in particular, the new mechanism introduced is very suitable for parsing. A language in the n-th family is specified by a sequence of n -- 1 labeled linear grammars and a context free grammar. By assuming that the reversals of the first n -- 1 grammars and the last labeled linear grammar are precedence grammars, the concepts and parsing algorithm of Wirth and Weber extend to yield a parsing algorithm within the hierarchy. This considerably enhances the usefulness of the construction and allows much of the power of the context sensitive languages to become accessible in measured amounts for potential programming applications.
Long-term impact of de-icing salts on tree health in the Lake Tahoe Basin: Environmental influences and interactions with insects and diseases

Abstract Lake Tahoe, on the boundary of California and Nevada, is world renown for its natural beauty and is also a popular location for winter-sporting activities. De-icing compounds, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), are used to maintain safe winter driving conditions. Sodium chloride, however, can damage roadside vegetation and affect surface and ground water quality. Our objectives were to: investigate the relationship among salt damage to trees and other damage (from insects, diseases, and other biotic and abiotic factors), examine the effects of vegetation characteristics and environmental factors on salt damage to trees, and to quantify the long-term impacts of de-icing salts on roadside conifers in the Tahoe Basin. From 2006 to 2008, 442 square plots (0.1 ha) were established and surveyed throughout the Lake Tahoe Basin, including 176 control plots > 300 m from roads, and 137 plots originally established in 1990 that were used for long-term trends. Both incidence and severity of salt damage, diseases, insect pests, and other abiotic damage were recorded on all trees within plots (more than 10,000 trees). Soil and vegetation samples were collected from a subset of plots and analyzed for salt content. At least 15% of roadside trees were damaged by salt every year. Very large year-to-year variation in the incidence of salt damage was observed, but the severity of salt damage has decreased since 1990. A clear roadside effect on roadside conifers existed because symptoms of salt damage were only observed on trees in roadside plots and never in control plots, and foliage from trees in roadside plots had more sodium and chloride content than those in control plots for both salt symptomatic and asymptomatic foliage. Incidence of salt damage decreased with increasing distance from roads, was more frequent on rocky soils, and increased with downhill slope steepness and tree density. Pines ( Pinus spp.) were more frequently and severely damaged by salt than firs ( Abies spp.). Trees were more likely to be damaged by something other than salt, and the relationship among salt damage and other damages was antagonistic rather than synergistic. The results from this study have important implications for the ecology and management of conifer forests in relation to salinity and road maintenance.
Cs2CuP3S9: A Chiral Compound with Screw Helices

Abstract The reaction of Cu with a molten mixture of Cs 2 S/P 2 S 5 produced the quaternary compound Cs 2 CuP 3 S 9 . The bright yellow crystals of Cs 2 CuP 3 S 9 are stable in air and water for several weeks. The compound crystallizes in the chiral, hexagonal space group P 6 5 (No. 170) and at 23°C: a =15.874(2) A; c =35.100(7) A; V =7660(3) A 3 ; Z =18. The [CuP 3 S 9 ] 2 n − n chains are composed of an alternating arrangement of tetrahedral Cu + ions and cyclic [P 3 S 9 ] 3− units. The structure contains parallel helical [CuP 3 S 9 ] 2 n − n chains that run along the c -axis. The cyclic [P 3 S 9 ] 3− unit derives from the molecular adamantane [P 4 S 10 ] unit with one [PS] 3+ vertex removed. The title compound was characterized by differential thermal analysis, far-IR, Raman, and single-crystal optical transmission UV/vis spectroscopy. Positive nonlinear optical response and second harmonic generation response was observed.
Complications of Inferior Vena Caval Filters

Inferior vena caval filters have been shown to be effective in the prevention of pulmonary embolism, with low morbidity and mortality associated with their implantation. Awareness of potential complications can further decrease the risk of filter placement and lead to early detection and management of complications to improve clinical outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the procedure-related and delayed complications associated with inferior vena caval filters.
Effect of intravenous glucose infusion on plasma insulin removal rate.

Abstract We have studied the effects of different intravenous glucose loads on the plasma insulin removal rates of constantly infused porcine insulin in dogs. Insulin removal was studied during infusions of exogenous insulin at rates of 20, 50, and 150 mU/min, and three different glucose loads were given during each of the three insulin infusions. Endogenous insulin secretion was suppressed by the constant administration of epinephrine and propranolol, and thus the resulting plasma insulin concentrations were entirely a function of entry and removal of the exogenously infused insulin. Consequently, at steady-state conditions, any change in rate of insulin removal would result in a reciprocal change in plasma insulin concentration. The steady-state plasma insulin concentrations were unchanged during the three different glucose infusions, and this was true at all three of the different insulin infusion rates. We conclude from the data that the rate of glucose administration and the subsequent blood glucose concentrations are without direct effect on plasma insulin removal.
Technology Elements of a Common Platform Bulk Foundry Offering (Invited)

A common platform technology at 65 nm is described. The platform consists of a low-power CMOS base technology with a broad menu of optional features including high- performance passive devices, standard cell libraries, SRAM compilers and a process design kit enabling custom design. These elements enable competitive leadership technology for ASICs and Foundry applications, resulting in a highly competitive technology that is an excellent choice when performance and cost must be balanced.
The relationship ofBacteroides melaninogenicus to symptoms associated with pulpal necrosis

The canal contents of thirty-three cariously and traumatically exposed pulpless teeth were sampled with a special technique and cultured anaerobically for growth in prereduced thioglycollate and for Bacteroides melaninogenicus on selective blood agar plates. The presence of B. melaninogenicus was compared with the presence or absence of eight symptoms associated with pulpal necrosis and the presence or absence of growth in thioglycollate. B. melaninogenicus was found to be significantly related to pain, sinus tract formation and foul odor. Suggested relationships were found between the organism and the presence of apical sensitivity and local swelling. Growth in prereduced thioglycollate occurred more often from teeth in which B. melaninogenicus was present. With the sampling technique used, positive growth in the thioiglycollte ranged from 88 percent at the initial appointment to 72 percent at the fill appointment.
Prostate immunotherapy: should all guns be aimed at the prostate-specific antigen?

Prostate cancer continues to be a significant health problem and an economic burden all over the world. It is the second most common cancer in men and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide [1]. As life expectancy is increasing, there is a possibility for a significant increase in the incidence of prostate cancer, with a corresponding increase in the number of cancer patients. Improved diagnostic utilities have shown that more than 90% of prostate cancer cases are detected in its localized stage and are effectively manageable. However, when cancer cells spread outside the prostate gland (metastatic), medical treatments begin with androgen ablation and, ultimately, undergo a variety of chemotherapy options. Unfortunately, due to treatment failure, prostate cancer can relapse and become castration-resistant, with an estimated death rate of approximately 258,000 men worldwide [1], directing a need for improved treatment modalities for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Over the last two decades, a surge in immunological manipulations of the host inducing antitumor response has resulted in the development of vaccines targeting tumor-specific antigens, as well as immunotherapeutic drugs. When conventional treatments fail, immunebased therapies have shown improved patient survival, and are now emerging as a vanguard for the treatment of cancer. The blueprint for the success of immunotherapy agents has been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials for prostate cancer and melanoma [2–4]. The immunological targeting of tumor involves tumorassociated antigen(s), cytokines and costimulatory molecules and immune-regulatory agents (CTLA - 4 and PD - 1), emphasizing the engagement of the immune system-enhancing antitumor activity.
Robustness of taxometric analysis with skewed indicators: II. A Monte Carlo study of the MAXCOV procedure.

A small Monte Carlo study was conducted to determine whether Meehl and Yonce's (1994) MAMBAC procedure--a taxometric method for testing between discrete and continuous models of latent variables--is robust when the latent variable and its manifest indicators are skewed. Analysis of constructed data sets containing three levels of skew indicated that the MAMBAC procedure is highly unlikely to yield spurious findings of discreteness ("taxonicity") even when skewness is considerable. MAMBAC appears to be a robust and promising addition to the family of taxometric procedures.
Xarvcf, Xenopus Member of the p120 Catenin Subfamily Associating with Cadherin Juxtamembrane Region

The catenin ARVCF is a member of the p120ctn subfamily of Armadillo proteins. A number of catenins directly bind cadherin cytoplasmic tails, contributing to the modulation of cell-cell adhesion and motility processes. Some catenins, such as β-catenin (and likely p120ctn), have additional roles within signaling pathways regulating gene transcription. We have isolated the Xenopushomolog of human ARVCF. Utilizing the cadherin membrane proximal region known to bind p120ctn and δ-catenin, coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that Xarvcf, likewise, binds cadherin in this region and that corresponding point mutations within conserved residues abrogate the Xarvcf-cadherin association. Western blot analysis of Xarvcf protein across a series of developmental stages reveals changes in protein mobility, likely due to changes in phosphorylation. Xarvcf is a maternally provided transcript and expressed in the embryo throughout all stages of development. Interestingly, Xarvcf mRNA is differentially spliced to produce several isoforms, one of which is developmentally regulated. In common with the putative post-translational modifications of the Xarvcf protein, the presence of alternative splice isoforms suggests that Xarvcf possesses the capacity to effect developmental functions in a regulatable manner.
Detection and Location of a New Underwater Volcano

THE irregular appearance of an unusual component of the sea-noise spectrum in the waters to the east of the North Island first attracted attention in 1963. Measurements carried out over a period of several months showed that these signals invariably came from one direction, and led to the conclusion that the source was probably geophysical rather than biological in origin. Cross-bearing measurements ultimately pointed to the source lying some 160 miles east-north-east of Great Barrier Island.