cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Power-Efficient Communication System between Brain-Implantable Devices and External Computers

In this paper, we propose a power efficient communication system for linking a brain-implantable device to an external system. For battery powered implantable devices, the processor and the transmitter power should be reduced in order to both conserve battery power and reduce the health risks associated with transmission. To accomplish this, a joint source-channel coding/decoding system is devised. Low-density generator matrix (LDGM) codes are used in our system due to their low encoding complexity. The power cost for signal processing within the implantable device is greatly reduced by avoiding explicit source encoding. Raw data which is highly correlated is transmitted. At the receiver, a Markov chain source correlation model is utilized to approximate and capture the correlation of raw data. A turbo iterative receiver algorithm is designed which connects the Markov chain source model to the LDGM decoder in a turbo-iterative way. Simulation results show that the proposed system can save up to 1 to 2.5 dB on transmission power.
On Patterson's “A Critique of ‘The New Ethnicity”’

One of Patterson's major points is that the relatively recent concern among American anthropologists with American ethnics can be accounted for by three reasons: (1) decreasing opportunities to study "homeland" cultures; (2) misinterpretation of "peripheral remnants of immigrant ethnicity" as "vital forms" of ethnicity consequent to lack of familiarity with homeland culture and aspects of the current national mood such as funding availability, a concern with "roots," and so on; and (3) a focus of too many studies of American ethnics on "empty symbols" of ethnic distinctiveness rather than on the available empirical data showing increasing assimilation and loss of ethnicity and of ethnic individuality (really an elaboration of the second reason). While it is probably true, although I know of no empirical data to support the contention, that various political, legal, and financial problems have resulted in a relative decrease in fieldwork conducted in foreign sites, it is probably also true that there are other positive reasons leading anthropologists to study ethnics. Among them is the rise of urban anthropology as a defined field of interest providing disciplinary legitimacy for the pursuit of anthropological research in our own countries in general and in cities in particular. And cities, of course, are frequently sites of ethnic sodalities and neighborhoods. Where ethnics do not live in contiguous communities, various forms of ethnic associations tend to exist, linking persons of like ethnicity who may live at considerable spatial removes from one another. Another reason is the
Abstract 256: Baseline Characteristics and Selected Outcomes in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Patients: Comparison of Cardiac Rehabilitation Participants and Non-participants

Background: Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of AMI. However, the benefit of CR has not been well studied in patients with SCAD. Purpose: Our objective was to compare the psychosocial and physiological characteristics and outcomes of CR in SCAD patients who participated in CR compared to those who did not. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of patients with angiographically confirmed SCAD enrolled in the Mayo Clinic SCAD Registry from January 2010 through December 2014 who had completed questionnaires (n=354). Demographics, clinical characteristics, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression measure; PHQ-9), and details about participants’ CR participation and experience were collected via medical record review and questionnaires. Univariate analyses were performed to determine the differences between baseline characteristics and outcomes according to CR participation status. Results: Mean age of participants at time of SCAD was 46 ± 10 years; 95% were female. Seventy-six percent of participants participated in at least one CR session, and those users averaged 18 ± 12 sessions. A majority of CR participants reported physical and emotional benefits (82% and 75%, respectively). Of those who did not participate in CR, the primary reason was because their healthcare provider did not recommend CR (67%). Other reasons included inadequate transportation (12%), no insurance coverage (8%), cost (2%), no energy (2%), and being too ill (2%). On comparative analyses, CR participants had higher mean GAD-7 scores (4.9 vs. 3.9; p=0.03) and were more likely to increase their amount of exercise (p<0.01). Conclusions: Despite the well-known benefits of CR, in this international registry, only 76% of SCAD patients participated. Lack of recommendation for CR by a health care provider was the primary reason patients did not participate. The majority of patients reported benefits from CR. Higher GAD-7 scores were associated with CR participation, an interesting result requiring further evaluation in a larger or prospective cohort. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Surface tension induced by dipalmitoyl lecithin in vitro under physiological conditions

1. The surface tension of 161 films of DPL have been measured on a Langmuir trough using a Wilhelmy balance under conditions controlled to simulate the state of the alveolar lining in vivo. 2. The parameters controlled were temperature (maintained at 37 °C), humidity (100% at 37 °C), surfactant concentrations (encompassing the best available estimates), area changes (consistent with normal respiration), frequency adaptation to continuous cycling and composition and pH of the aqueous hypophase. 3. Simultaneously maintaining all of these parameters within the best estimates of physiological limits, the relationships between surface tension and surface area showed appreciable differences from previous studies, our results showing higher minimum values of surface tension, appreciably less change in surface tension with compression and far less hysteresis between surface tension and surface area. 4. The higher minimum values are consistent with original estimates of alveolar surface tension made by von Neergaard, namely 35-41 dyne cm-1. 5. Although appreciably smaller than hitherto reported, the change in surface tension with change in area is still adequate to impart alveolar stability. 6. The reversibility between surface tension and surface area under physiological conditions is discussed in connection with compliance hysteresis which is considered to be more dependent upon geometric irreversibility of the alveolar surface than upon any intrinsic property of the surfactant.
Are We Preparing Young People for 21st-Century Citizenship With 20th-Century Thinking? Building a Case for a Virtual Laboratory of Democracy

“We need a clear citizens’ vision of the way the Net ought to grow, a firm idea of the kind of media environment we would like to see in the future. If we do not develop such a vision for ourselves, the future will be shaped for us by large commercial and political powerholders” (Rheingold, 2000, p. 6). If the online environment is not considered as substantially different from the offline one, social studies educators run the risk of applying preconceived notions not only of citizenship, citizenship education, freedom of expression, and commercial and public space to the online environment, thus, limiting its potential and young people’s preparation for it. To prepare young people for online civic participation, A publicly supported virtual laboratory of democracy should be created that enables young people to become socialized to an online civic society and to learn how to act—in a civic manner—upon issues of importance to them and the larger society.
A 2×2 W-band reference time-shifted phase-locked transmitter array in 65nm CMOS technology

This paper presents a complete 2×2 phased array transmitter system operating at W-band (90-95 GHz) which employs a PLL reference time-shifting approach instead of using traditional mm-wave phase shifters. PLL reference shifting enables a phased array to be distributed over multiple chips without the need for coherent mm-wave signal distribution between chips. The proposed phased array transmitter system consumes 248 mW per array element when implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology.
Hemispherectomy for intractable seizures in children: a report of 58 cases

Fifty-eight children who underwent anatomical, functional, or modified anatomical hemispherectomy for intractable seizures from 1986 to 1995 were evaluated for seizure control, motor function, and complications. Age at surgery ranged from 0.3 to 17.3 years (median 2.8 years). Twenty-seven anatomical, 27 functional, and 4 modified anatomical hemispherectomies were performed. Seizure control and motor function in the 50 patients with more than 1 year follow-up revealed a 90% or better reduction in seizure frequency in 44/50 (88%) overall: 19/22 (86%) anatomical, 23/26 (89%) functional, and 2/2 modified anatomical. Motor function of the preoperatively hemiparetic extremities was improved or unchanged postoperatively in 38/50 (76%) of the patients. Complications included one intraoperative death, one late death from shunt obstruction managed elsewhere, late postoperative seizure breakthrough requiring reoperation and further disconnection in 5/27 functional hemispherectomy patients, mild cerebrospinal fluid infections in 3/27 anatomical hemispherectomy patients, and hydrocephalus requiring shunting in 3/27 functional hemispherectomy patients. A review of the literature and comparison of techniques is presented.
Dynamic average consensus on synchronous communication networks

We propose a class of dynamic average consensus algorithms that allow a group of agents to track the average of their measured signals. The algorithms are implemented in discrete time and require a synchronous communication schedule. The convergence results rely on the input-to-output stability properties of consensus algorithms and require that the union of communication graphs over a bounded period of time be strongly connected. The only requirement on the set of signals is that the difference of the nth -order derivatives of any two signals be bounded for some n ges 0.
Sexual abuse: A sociological perspective☆

How have contemporary social changes affected the problem of child sexual abuse? The rapid rise of this problem to public attention in the United States is in part due to the mobilization around the problem by the women's movement and the child welfare movement there. But factors shown by research to be associated with the problem--social isolation and patriarchal authority--are so widespread as to suggest that this is a problem of international proportions, as well. The rising divorce rate in the U.S. and worldwide, would appear to put more children at risk at the same time that it has also made it easier for children and their mothers to escape from the most oppressive and intolerable family situations. The sexual revolution and the erosion of external controls on sexual behavior have also in all likelihood aggravated the problem, too. Sexual abuse needs to be seen as a problem distinct from physical child abuse--characterized by the preponderance of offenders who are males. This suggests searching for the sources of the problem in male sexual socialization rather than in problems of inadequate and disaffected parenting.
Decay of hypernuclei

The experimental and theoretical situation regarding the mesonic and nonmesonic decays of light hypernuclei is reviewed. Nuclear matter and shell model estimates for nonmesonic decays are compared within the one-boson exchange model approximation. The importance of strangeness exchange is explored as well as the spin-isospin dependence of the nonmesonic weak decays.
The Development of a Scanning Raman Water Vapor Lidar for Boundary Layer and Tropospheric Observations

Abstract A scanning, ultraviolet, Raman water vapor lidar designed primarily for boundary layer measurements has been built and operated by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Ground-Based Earth Observing Network team. The system provides high temporal and spatial resolution measurements of the atmosphere within and above the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Several examples of the types of data collected and the techniques for processing the data are presented. The typical horizontal range for the lidar is approximately 700 m when scanning, while the vertical range with photon counting can be up to 12 km with corresponding spatial resolutions of 1.5 m in the near field to 75 m in the far field. The uncertainty in the water vapor mixing ratio was found to be ±0.34 g kg−1. The development of the scanning Raman lidar is directed at questions about the behavior of the surface atmosphere interface. These questions address the nature of spatial variability and intermittent microscale convective transport in th...
Vision de GDF Suez sur la production d’énergie nucléaire

GDF Suez a ete l’un des pionniers de l’energie nucleaire en Europe. Il maitrise des competences internationalement reconnues sur toute la chaine de valeur de cette filiere de production (ingenierie, services, exploitation, maintenance, combustible, gestion des dechets, demantelement). Il possede et exploite actuellement 7 unites en Belgique et dispose de capacites dans les centrales nucleaires francaises de Chooz et de Tricastin.GDF Suez a aujourd’hui des objectifs ambitieux en termes de developpement de projets nucleaires : detenir et exploiter des centrales nucleaires de 3eme generation a l’horizon 2020, maintenir en Europe la part du nucleaire au sein d’un mix energetique equilibre et developper hors d’Europe une capacite significative sur un certain nombre de marches-cles. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, le groupe developpe une politique active en matiere de Ressources Humaines, R&ampD et Communication en matiere d’energie nucleaire.
Alcap Delivery Devices and the Sustained Release of Difluoronethylornithine (DFNO) in Vitro and in Vivo Using Male Rats

Sprague-Dawley albino male rats (25) were divided into five groups consisting of five rats each. Polymer (polylactic acid) impregnated ALCAP capsules filled with 40 mg DFMO were implanted subcutaneously (SC) or intraperitoneally (IP) in Group I and II rats respectively. Rats in Group III were implanted with empty polymer impregnated ALCAP capsules (ALCAP control). Group IV rats were administered orally 3% DFMO in drinking water. Rats in Group V served as controls. Blood samples were collected every week for nine weeks via the tail artery. The concentration of DFNO in the plasma was determined. Data obtained showed that the levels of DFMO in the serum of rats in groups I, I, and IV were 64.71 ±4.08. 219.18 ± 14.48, 16.71 ± 5.21 ug ml−1, respectively at the end of nine weeks. Body weights of the controls and DFMO treated rats were not significantly different (p<0.05). The diarrhea often noted in rats treated orally with DFHO was not observed in rats implanted with ALCAP or ALCAP capsules filled with DFMO. The results of this study suggest that: (1) polymer impregnated ALCAP ceramic implants can be used to deliver DFMO in vivo in a sustained manner for long durations of time, and (2) a ceramic system can be designed to deliver DFNO and drugs such as DFMO in a sustained manner over long durations of time in humans.
In Situ Dehydroxylation in Eu3+-Doped Sol−Gel Silica

Fluorescence line narrowing and lifetime measurements are used to characterize the extents of clustering and hydroxyl quenching, respectively, in Eu3+-doped sol−gel silica glasses prepared using europium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate). A triflate ((CF3SO3)3Eu) rather than a traditional nitrate (Eu(NO3)3·6H2O) precursor is used as the rare earth ion dopant in order to determine the feasibility of effecting chemical dehydroxylation via in situ fluorination by incorporating fluorine directly as a ligand substituent of the Eu3+ precursor. In samples doped only with Eu3+, the use of the triflate precursor leads to no noticeable differences in hydroxyl quenching of Eu3+ fluorescence or Eu3+ aggregation relative to samples prepared with a nitrate precursor. Beneficial effects are observed, however, in samples codoped with Al3+ or Sr2+. When Al3+ or Sr2+ is included in the synthesis, a reduction in hydroxyl quenching of Eu3+ is observed when the triflate precursor is used relative to the nitrate precursor. ...
Interrogating the Past in Modern Russia: The Promise and Peril of Historical Memory Studies: Guest Editor's Introduction

The growing field of memory studies has helped reveal the complex processes by which modern states, and particularly those in crisis, have sought to rebuild their foundations. Since the formal end of the USSR in 1991, Russia and its former constituent parts have been confronted by the dilemma of what to do with their Soviet and even their tsarist pasts. Despite the inroads made by glasnost in the late 1980s, this is still a conflicted process in Russia today as a desire to integrate the whole truth vies with state interests and even national security concerns.
Sampling System Concepts for a Touch-and-Go Architecture Comet Surface Sample Return Mission

Paul Backes, 1 Christopher McQuin, Mircea Badescu, Anthony Ganino, Harish Manohara, Youngsam Bae, Risaku Toda, Nicholas Wiltsie, Scott Moreland, Jesse Grimes-York, Phillip Walkemeyer, Eric Kulczycki, Charles Dandino, Russell Smith, Michael Williamson, Dennis Wai, Robert Bonitz, Alejandro San Martin, and Brian Wilcox Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109
On the General Way of Quality Management of Suppliers

With the increasing production of automobiles,auto manufacturers have a higher and higher requirement for the quality of parts.The amplification effect caused by large production can easily enlarge the small problems of parts to big problems in aftermarket and it has negative impact on end users,main engine producers and parts suppliers.The article gives out three strategies——classifying suppliers,parts classification and advanced planning of quality in order to cope with the problem of how to have quality management of suppliers to reduce risk.
RNA sequencing from neural ensembles activated during fear conditioning in the mouse temporal association cortex

The stable formation of remote fear memories is thought to require neuronal gene induction in cortical ensembles that are activated during learning. However, the set of genes expressed specifically in these activated ensembles is not known; knowledge of such transcriptional profiles may offer insights into the molecular program underlying stable memory formation. Here we use RNA-Seq to identify genes whose expression is enriched in activated cortical ensembles labeled during associative fear learning. We first establish that mouse temporal association cortex (TeA) is required for remote recall of auditory fear memories. We then perform RNA-Seq in TeA neurons that are labeled by the activity reporter Arc-dVenus during learning. We identify 944 genes with enriched expression in Arc-dVenus+ neurons. These genes include markers of L2/3, L5b, and L6 excitatory neurons but not glial or inhibitory markers, confirming Arc-dVenus to be an excitatory neuron-specific but non-layer-specific activity reporter. Cross comparisons to other transcriptional profiles show that 125 of the enriched genes are also activity-regulated in vitro or induced by visual stimulus in the visual cortex, suggesting that they may be induced generally in the cortex in an experience-dependent fashion. Prominent among the enriched genes are those encoding potassium channels that down-regulate neuronal activity, suggesting the possibility that part of the molecular program induced by fear conditioning may initiate homeostatic plasticity.
Aggressive communication traits: How similar are young adults and their parents in argumentativeness, assertiveness, and verbal aggressiveness

As a step in learning more about aggressive communication in families, this study investigated the similarities between three aggressive communication traits (argumentativeness, assertiveness, and verbal aggressiveness) of young adults and their parents. College students (N = 160) and their parents (N = 320) completed measures of their aggressive traits. Results showed that similarities existed between mothers and their daughters and sons for all three traits; however, no significant relationships between fathers and their daughters and sons for the traits were found.
Delayed Recovery of Consciousness After Cardiac Arrest and Therapeutic Hypothermia Correlates with EEG Spectral Markers of Anterior Forebrain Mesocircuit Integrity (P3.213)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize anterior forebrain mesocircuit (AFM) integrity in a single case of a delayed, but good outcome following cardiac arrest and therapeutic hypothermia. BACKGROUND: The AFM model provides predictions for expected neocortical regimes that are related to the degree of deafferentation of the cortico-thalamic system. We have previously shown that spectral features of fronto-central EEG correlate with the degree of AFM integrity in a cohort of patients with severe anoxic brain injury. DESIGN/METHODS: Case study of a 50 year-old woman who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (33 C) post-cardiac arrest. In addition to standard clinical EEG-monitoring, we also performed serial EEGs with behavioral testing as part of an ongoing research protocol. RESULTS: The initial EEG showed status epilepticus upon rewarming, treated within 24 hours. However, a burst-suppression pattern was observed until D6 (off sedation by D3). The patient remained in coma until D36, when spontaneous eye opening was first observed. At D71, answering yes-no questions via head-nodding emerged. At D102, the patient could move her upper extremities and demonstrated full orientation. At D126, patient could transfer from bed to chair and was discharged to acute rehabilitation. Six months after the cardiac arrest she returned home. Spectral analysis of fronto-central EEGs showed total functional loss of AFM integrity at D6 and D25. A theta (~5-6Hz) feature, consistent with minimal functional AFM recovery appeared at D53. Significant, but partial recovery of AFM integrity was seen at D88, indexed by a theta and beta (~16-20 Hz) feature; consistent with possible burst firing of the thalamus and a thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia pattern. CONCLUSIONS: EEG markers of AFM integrity accurately indexed the clinical progression in this case of remarkably delayed recovery after cardiac arrest and therapeutic hypothermia. This case underlies the utility of the AFM model in assessing recovery of consciousness after severe anoxic brain injury. Disclosure: Dr. Forgacs has nothing to disclose. Dr. Curley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sekar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Conte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schiff has nothing to disclose.
Toward a machine learning framework for understanding affective tutorial interaction

Affect and cognition intertwine throughout human experience. Research into this interplay during learning has identified relevant cognitive-affective states, but recognizing them poses significant challenges. Among multiple promising approaches for affect recognition, analyzing facial expression may be particularly informative. Descriptive computational models of facial expression and affect, such as those enabled by machine learning, aid our understanding of tutorial interactions. Hidden Markov modeling, in particular, is useful for encoding patterns in sequential data. This paper presents a descriptive hidden Markov model built upon facial expression data and tutorial dialogue within a task-oriented human-human tutoring corpus. The model reveals five frequently occurring patterns of affective tutorial interaction across text-based tutorial dialogue sessions. The results show that hidden Markov modeling holds potential for the semi-automated understanding of affective interaction, which may contribute to the development of affect-informed intelligent tutoring systems.
On the effect of field structure on differential sensitivity

Wir haben das Problem von der Wirkung des sensorischen Feldes auf die Unterschiedsempfindlichkeit im Vergleich mit seiner Wirkung auf uberschwellige phanomenale Werte aufgeworfen. Theoretisch bestehen drei Moglichkeiten: 1. Die Unterschiedsschwelle konnte unabhangig von der Feldstruktur sein. 2. Die Unterschiedsschwelle konnte mit der Feldstruktur variieren, und zwar so, das man auf Grund seiner Kenntnisse der durch die Feldstruktur bestimmten uberschwelligen phanomenalen Werte die Werte fur die Unterschiedsschwelle voraussagen konnte. 3. Die Unterschiedsschwelle konnte mit der Feldstruktur variieren, aber ohne das wir ihre Werte voraussagen konnten.
The Protein–Protein Interactions of Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a (CRIP1a) and Cannabinoid 1 Receptor: The Molecular Mechanism Study Through an Integrated Molecular Modeling Approach

Abstract One of the key regulators unique to cannabinoid receptors are the cannabinoid receptor interacting proteins (CRIPs). Among them, CRIP1a was found to decrease the constitutive activity of the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB 1 R). The aim of this chapter is to report the application of different computational techniques to gain an understanding of the interaction between CRIP1a and CB 1 R. This was achieved by utilizing three different methods to build a model for the CRIP1a protein, namely: comparative modeling, ab initio, and protein threading. The best fitting model (built using RhoGDI 2 as a template) was docked to the C-terminus of CB 1 R. The docked model was then subjected to a 10 ns all-atom molecular dynamics simulation in an explicit solvent system, for refinement. The final model putatively demonstrated several key interactions between CRIP1a and CB 1 R, including those involving Lys130 of CRIP1a.
Arbeitsweise in den Zeichensälen

Im folgenden soll die Arbeitsweise in den technischen Bureaus geschildert werden, wie sie in allen groseren technischen Abteilungen ublich ist. An der Spitze einer solchen Abteilung steht ein Oberingenieur. Die Leitung eines Zeichensaales, deren auch mehrere vorhanden sein konnen, hat ein Saalchef, dem die Gruppenfuhrer mit ihren Gruppen, welchen die Bearbeitung der einzelnen Auftrage ubertragen ist, untergeordnet sind. Je nach der Art und dem Umfang der zu erledigenden Auftrage sind die Konstrukteure zu groseren oder kleineren Gruppen zusammengefast.
DMD based optical diffraction tomography (Conference Presentation)

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT), using an interferometric microscopy technique, can quantitatively measure the three-dimensional (3-D) refractive index (RI) distribution in transparent samples. ODT features unique advantages such as non-invasive, label-free, and high-resolution imaging; these capabilities have been increasingly explored recently, particularly in the field of cell biology. Normally, the RI map is reconstructed by solving the inverse scattering problem using more than one hundred holograms, which correspond to various angles of illumination. Current reconstruction methods all require that each hologram is created by only one illumination angle. Therefore, the number of measurements must be equal to the number of needed illumination angles, thus limiting ODT for video-rate or real-time imaging applications. To overcome this issue, we propose a new ODT system together with a new reconstruction algorithm. In the proposed optical system, the illumination is multiplexed by coding a digital micromirror device to display a series of Lee holograms, each of which corresponds to a plane wave of a specific incident angle in the sample plane. On the other hand, the reconstruction algorithm uses the beam propagation method to model the sample scattering process, as well as the error propagation method to train the artificial neural network which represents the RI distribution of the sample. This novel method is expected to reduce the measurement time by a factor of 4-6, which is crucial for video rate or even real time tomography imaging applications such as label-free 3-D imaging cytometry.
Peer support of complex health behaviors in prevention and disease management with special reference to diabetes: systematic reviews

Examine Peer Support (PS) for complex, sustained health behaviors in prevention or disease management with emphasis on diabetes prevention and management. PS was defined as emotional, motivational and practical assistance provided by nonprofessionals for complex health behaviors. Initial review examined 65 studies drawn from 1442 abstracts identified through PubMed, published 1/1/2000–7/15/2011. From this search, 24 reviews were also identified. Extension of the search in diabetes identified 30 studies published 1/1/2000–12/31/2015. In initial review, 54 of all 65 studies (83.1%) reported significant impacts of PS, 40 (61.5%) reporting between-group differences and another 14 (21.5%) reporting significant within-group changes. Across 19 of 24 reviews providing quantifiable findings, a median of 64.5% of studies reviewed reported significant effects of PS. In extended review of diabetes, 26 of all 30 studies (86.7%) reported significant impacts of PS, 17 (56.7%) reporting between-group differences and another nine (30.0%) reporting significant within-group changes. Among 19 of these 30 reporting HbA1c data, average reduction was 0.76 points. Studies that did not find effects of PS included other sources of support, implementation or methodological problems, lack of acceptance of interventions, poor fit to recipient needs, and possible harm of unmoderated PS. Across diverse settings, including under-resourced countries and health care systems, PS is effective in improving complex health behaviors in disease prevention and management including in diabetes.
Terahertz emission via ultra–short pulse excitation of magnetic metal films

We observe terahertz emission via optical rectification of a 1.5 eV, 50 fs pulse in single crystal iron thin films. The azimuthal dependence of the emission indicates the presence of a magnetic and surface nonlinearity.
A Hierarchical Rater Model for Longitudinal Data

Research studies in psychology and education often seek to detect changes or growth in an outcome over a duration of time. This research provides a solution to those interested in estimating latent traits from psychological measures that rely on human raters. Rater effects potentially degrade the quality of scores in constructed response and performance assessments. We develop an extension of the hierarchical rater model (HRM), which yields estimates of latent traits that have been corrected for individual rater bias and variability, for ratings that come from longitudinal designs. The parameterization, called the longitudinal HRM (L-HRM), includes an autoregressive time series process to permit serial dependence between latent traits at adjacent timepoints, as well as a parameter for overall growth. We evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the L-HRM using simulation studies. Parameter recovery results reveal predictable amounts and patterns of bias and error for most parameters across conditions. An application to ratings from a study of character strength demonstrates the model. We discuss limitations and future research directions to improve the L-HRM.
Thermal removal of arsenic from copper concentrates: Three-dimensional isothermal predominance diagrams for the Cu-As-S-O system

Abstract The three-dimensional predominance volume diagrams (PVDs) for the system Cu-As-S-O were constructed at 900 K using P A s 4 O 6 g , P O 2 g , a n d P S O 2 g as independent coordinates. The constant total pressure surface was used to identify the equilibrium phases that are stable at 0.25 atm total pressure. The isobaric surface superimposed on the predominance diagram provides useful insights into the roasting of complex copper sulfosalts such as enargite ( C u 3 A s S 4 ) and tennantite ( C u 12 A s 4 S 13 ). There are nine interior invariant points each with four associated condensed phases at 900 K. The expanded diagrams showing the stability volumes of each individual phase are presented. According to the PVD for the Cu-As-S-O system, the transformation of enargite to copper sulfate follows the C u 3 A s S 4 → C u S → C u S O 4 or C u 3 A s S 4 → C u 2 S → C u S → C u S O 4 sequence when the pressure of A s 4 O 6 g is extremely low. At high A s 4 O 6 g pressures however, enargite can directly transform to copper sulfate.
Clarence Darrow Finally Returns to Dayton

When Clarence Darrow came to Dayton, Tennessee, in 1925 to help defend John Scopes in the famous “Monkey Trial,” he was greeted by religious signs, a religious town, religious prosecutors, and a religious judge. Darrow lost the case. In 1927, Scopes' conviction was overturned, but his trial in Dayton became legendary. When Darrow and his family returned to Dayton in 1928, their visit made few headlines. Unlike what happened three years earlier, there were no shouting protesters, street-corner evangelists, or crowds of gawkers in the streets. Instead, Darrow was warmly received by several of his friends, who honored him at a dinner at the Aqua Hotel. After that visit, Darrow never again returned to Dayton—until now. In ensuing years, the spectacle of the Scopes Trial faded from the public's conscience. Despite revivals of interest produced by Inherit the Wind and flare-ups of the evolution-creationism controversy, many of Dayton's residents tired of hearing about the famous trial; as Rhea County Historian Pat Guffey …
Adenocarcinoma of pigmented ciliary epithelium in a child with Aicardi syndrome and congenital microphthalmia with cyst

A 5-year-old girl with Aicardi syndrome and microphthalmia with cyst of the OD presented with progressive enlargement of the cyst causing pain. Microophthalmia with inferior cyst (35 × 25 × 12 mm) was noted at birth, and Aicardi syndrome was diagnosed at 10 months by the presence of the classic triad of callosal agenesis, infantile spasms, and chorioretinal lacunae. She underwent enucleation with cyst resection, and subsequent reconstruction with a dermis fat graft. Histopathologic study revealed adenocarcinoma of the pigmented ciliary epithelium. Full-body metastatic workup was negative. Adenocarcinoma of the pigmented ciliary epithelium is an extremely rare eye tumor with only 4 documented cases in the literature, none arising in a microophthalmic eye with cyst. Aicardi syndrome is also a rare disease that has been associated with increased incidence of malignancy and ocular abnormalities, but has never been described in association with microophthalmia with cyst or with adenocarcinoma of the pigmented ciliary epithelium. Herein, the authors present a review of the case and relevant literature.
Affect-Aware Adaptive Tutoring Based on Human–Automation Etiquette Strategies:

Objective:We investigated adapting the interaction style of intelligent tutoring system (ITS) feedback based on human–automation etiquette strategies.Background:Most ITSs adapt the content difficul...
Mind-Body Skills Training for Resident Wellness: A Pilot Study of a Brief Mindfulness Intervention.

Background:Interventions to address burnout include mind-body skills training (MBST), but few studies have evaluated the feasibility of MBST for busy pediatric residents.Objective:In this pilot stu...
The Effects of Students’ Perceptions of Teachers’ Antibullying Behavior on Bullying Victimization: Is Sense of School Belonging a Mediator?

This study evaluated the influence of students’ perceptions of teachers’ antibullying behavior and sense of school belonging on bullying victimization among elementary school students (N = 110). Th...
Lipids and Slow Viruses: Comparison of Measles and SSPE Virions

Slow virus diseases have attracted growing interest in recent years owing to recognition of their role in certain nervous system disorders and possible implication in multiple sclerosis. As with the sphingolipidoses, significant alterations in lipid composition occur in these conditions but the nature and origin of the changes are fundamentally different. Some are the direct consequence of demyelination while other changes, such as those involving gangliosides, have a less certain origin. Alterations among the glycosphingolipids might be anticipated in view of repeated findings (4,5,16,17) that virally transformed cells develop abnormal patterns of these constituents. A study of this phenomenon in slow virus conditions could be useful in elucidating the complex interactions between these atypical infectious agents and the host cell.
Food Plants and Plant Hormones in Our Future

“There is no profession which can be compared in importance with that of agriculture, for to it belongs the production of food for man and animals; on it depends the welfare and development of the whole human species, the riches of states, and all commerce.” Justus Liebig, 1840 (trans. J. W. Webster, 1841)
CHAPTER 6 – Symbolic Differentiation

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the method of computing or calculus of derivatives. Calculus gives remarkably simple symbolic rules for finding formulas for derivatives if the formulas are given for the functions. In this regard, one must use techniques of algebra and trigonometry but do not have to establish the increment approximation directly. The rules of calculus are theorems that guarantee that the increment approximation is valid, provided the resulting formulas are defined on intervals. The physical superposition principle says that the response to a sum of stimuli is the sum of the responses to the separate stimuli. The chapter presents the derivatives of other exponentials by the chain rule.
Predictors of 30 Day Readmission Following Percutaneous Cholecystostomy

Abstract Background High-risk patients undergoing cholecystectomy may experience increased morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) has been utilized as a treatment option for acute cholecystitis in this cohort. Little is known about risk factors for readmission following PC. Materials and methods Patients who had PC from 2013 to 2014 were identified from the National Readmission Database by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. A 30-d readmission was defined as a subsequent admission within 30 d following the first admission discharge date. Multivariate logistic regression models using stepwise selection were employed to select significant predictive variables for subsequent readmission. Results Three thousand three hundred sixty-eight patients were identified with 698 (20.7%) readmissions during the study period. Of the readmitted patients, 79 (2.35%) had two readmissions and six patients (0.19%) had three or more readmissions within 30 d of their index procedure. In addition, alcohol use (odds ratios [OR] 1.58, confidence intervals [CI] 1.10-2.29), uncomplicated diabetes (OR 1.21, CI 1.00-1.47), congestive heart failure (OR 1.28, CI 1.03-2.44), depression (OR 1.42, CI 1.08-1.86), and metastatic cancer (OR 1.65, CI 1.11-2.46) were significantly correlated with risk for readmission. Readmitted patients had longer hospital stays (OR 1.38 CI 1.09-1.74, length of stay >8 d). Conclusions A significant proportion of patients are readmitted within 30 d following PC. These patients may benefit from increase care coordination starting at their index admission. Studies are needed to determine patient selection for upfront cholecystectomy.
Watermelon Juice: a Novel Functional Food to Increase Circulating Lycopene in Older Adult Women

Because of accruing oxidative stress with advancing age, older adults may benefit from increased dietary intake of lycopene, a lipophilic carotenoid with potent antioxidant properties. Yet, intake of dietary lycopene as well as circulating lycopene levels are known to decrease with aging. Watermelon is one of the few food sources of dietary lycopene. Because heat treatment increases lycopene bioavailability, ingestion of watermelon in pasteurized juice form may be an optimal delivery vehicle to increase lycopene levels in older adults. However, due to its lipophilic nature, there are concerns that co-ingestion of dietary fat may be necessary for efficient intestinal absorption of lycopene. Thus, this feasibility study aimed to examine the effects of a one-time dose of 100% pasteurized watermelon juice on circulating lycopene concentrations of postmenopausal women after a 10-h overnight fast. Blood was sampled from eight women before and 2 h after ingestion of 360 ml of juice, and serum lycopene was measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Circulating lycopene levels increased by three-fold (p < 0.001) with increases observed for every participant. Results demonstrate that 100% watermelon juice is a palatable, effective means of increasing serum lycopene in older adult women, a group at risk for low carotenoid intake. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03608254 .
Load forecasting with adversarial attacks in power systems using DeepForge

For electricity markets, the profit for a retailer is based on a dynamic balance between supply and demand. As a result, an accurate demand prediction system is essential for the pricing strategy to maximize the profit. The retailers may try to reduce the uncertainties by forecasting the demand of their customers. In particular, the accuracy of the forecasts improves aggregating the demand of large groups of customers [8].
Systematics, morphology and ecology of rails (Aves: Rallidae) of the Mascarene Islands, with one new species.

Five species in five genera of extinct endemic rails have been described from the Mascarene Islands of Mauritius, Reunion and Rodrigues: the Mauritian Red Rail or Poule Rouge Aphanapteryx bonasia ; Mascarene Coot or Poule d’eau Fulica newtonii ; which occurred on Mauritius and Reunion; Reunion Wood Rail Dryolimnas augusti ; Reunion Gallinule or Oiseaux bleu ‘ Porphyrio caerulescens ’; and Rodrigues or Leguat’s Rail Erythromachus leguati . All are known from fossil remains and/or from contemporary accounts and illustrations. A sixth species of rail Dryolimnas sp. nov. is described herein from fossils from Mauritius, but was not unequivocally previously reported in the contemporary literature. This paper provides an analysis of the Rallidae of the Mascarene Islands based on existing and newly discovered fossil remains, and details historical reports and accounts. Comprehensive osteological descriptions and synonymies are also included. Their ecology and extinction chronologies are interpreted from historical ev­idence. The relationships of Aphanapteryx and Erythromachus are unresolved, having clearly been isolated for a considerable time; the middle Miocene is the earliest their ancestors could have arrived on the Mascarenes, but this may have happened more recently. Mascarene derivatives of Fulica , Porphyrio and Dryolimnas are of much more recent origin, and appear to have originated in Africa or Madagascar. All terrestrial rails on Mauritius, Reunion and Rodrigues, were probable victims of cat predation following their historic introduction to the islands, whereas over-hunting by humans was probably the primary cause of extinction of ‘ Porphyrio caerulescens ’ on Reunion. The only extant rail on the Mascarenes today, the Madagascar race of Eurasian Moorhen Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa , is a recent arrival, having colonised Mauritius and Reunion after the extinction of Fulica newtonii .
Association of Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions With Disability In Vivo.

Importance In multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic active lesions, which previously could only be detected at autopsy, can now be identified on susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo as non–gadolinium-enhancing lesions with paramagnetic rims. Pathologically, they feature smoldering inflammatory demyelination at the edge, remyelination failure, and axonal degeneration. To our knowledge, the prospect of long-term in vivo monitoring makes it possible for the first time to determine their contribution to disability and value as a treatment target. Objective To assess whether rim lesions are associated with patient disability and long-term lesion outcomes. Design, Setting, Participants We performed 3 studies at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center: (1) a prospective clinical/radiological cohort of 209 patients with MS (diagnosis according to the 2010 McDonald revised MS criteria, age ≥18 years, with 7-T or 3-T susceptibility-based brain MRI results) who were enrolled from January 2012 to March 2018 (of 209, 17 patients [8%] were excluded because of uninterpretable MRI scans); (2) a radiological/pathological analysis of expanding lesions featuring rims; and (3) a retrospective longitudinal radiological study assessing long-term lesion evolution in 23 patients with MS with yearly MRI scans for 10 years or more (earliest scan, 1992). Main Outcomes and Measures (1) Identification of chronic rim lesions on 7-T or 3-T susceptibility-based brain MRI in 192 patients with MS and the association of rim counts with clinical disability (primary analysis) and brain volume changes (exploratory analysis). (2) Pathological characterization of 10 expanding lesions from an adult with progressive MS who came to autopsy after 7 years of receiving serial in vivo MRI scans. (3) Evaluation of annual lesion volume change (primary analysis) and T1 times (exploratory analysis) in 27 rim lesions vs 27 rimless lesions. Results Of 209 participants, 104 (50%) were women and 32 (15%) were African American. One hundred seventeen patients (56%) had at least 1 rim lesion regardless of prior or ongoing treatment. Further, 84 patients (40%) had no rims (mean [SD] age, 47 [14] years), 66 (32%) had 1 to 3 rims (mean [SD] age, 47 [11] years), and 42 (20%) had 4 rims or more (mean [SD] age, 44 [11] years). Individuals with 4 rim lesions or more reached motor and cognitive disability at an earlier age. Normalized volumes of brain, white matter, and basal ganglia were lower in those with rim lesions. Whereas rimless lesions shrank over time (−3.6%/year), rim lesions were stable in size or expanded (2.2%/year;P Conclusions and Relevance Chronic active lesions are common, are associated with more aggressive disease, exert ongoing tissue damage, and occur even in individuals treated with effective disease-modifying therapies. These results prompt the planning of MRI-based clinical trials aimed at treating perilesional chronic inflammation in MS.
New algorithms and bounds for halving pseudolines

Let P be a set of points in general position in the plane. A halving line of P is a line passing through two points of P and cutting the remaining \(n-2\) points in a half (almost half if n is odd). Generalized configurations of points and their representations using allowable sequences are useful for bounding the number of halving lines.
Determination of the relative contribution of the non-dissolved fraction of ZnO NP on membrane permeability and cytotoxicity

Background: While the role of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in NP-induced inflammatory responses has been recognized, the underlying mechanism of LMP is still unclear. The assumption ha...
Geschichte der Heilkunde

Ein kurzer Ruckblick auf die jahrtausendealte Geschichte der Me-dizin ist deshalb unumganglich, weil zahlreiche alternative Heilver-fahren Remineszenzen an teilweise lange zuruckliegende Behand-lungsmethoden darstellen und nur von daher verstandlich werden. Auch besitzen vorwissenschaftliche Krankheitslehren — wie z.B. die Humoralpathologie von Hippokrates und Galen — bis heute einen nicht zu unterschatzenden Einfluss, der sich in vielen Therapieemp-fehlungen zeigt.