cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diabetic ketoacidosis with intracerebral complications

: Purpose: To describe 11 instances of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with secondary intracerebral complications (ICCs), nine of whom were treated early and showed complete recovery. Methods: Three hundred and eighty-one episodes of DKA were treated at Denver Children's Hospital (DCH) from January 1989 to December 1999. Nine instances of DKA with ICC were prospectively identified during this time period. Two additional occurrences were identified via a medical records search (total incidence, 2.9%). The signs, symptoms and laboratory values which led to their diagnosis and treatment are identified. Results: All nine children who received early treatment with i.v. mannitol showed complete recovery. An additional patient had central nervous system involvement upon arrival at our hospital and showed almost complete recovery. Another patient suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest before transfer to our hospital and died without being treated for cerebral edema. Conclusion: Prevention of ICCs by the earlier diagnosis of diabetes and by being aware of possible risk factors for cerebral edema is the eventual goal. Based on our experience, mannitol should be given promptly for the treatment of ICCs indicated by the clinical course even if cerebral edema is not documented by a computed tomography (CT) scan.
Ductile fracture processes in 7075 aluminum

The ductile fracture of 7075 aluminum was examined as a function of aging condition, from underaged to overaged. Notched specimens allowed the triaxiality of stress to be varied. In-creasing triaxiality, which was due to increasing notch acuity, decreased ductility and increased nucleation of voids, in accord with expectations from ductile fracture models. Overaged ma-terial, which is generally resistant to environmental damage, was not susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement even with high triaxiality, but void sizes were increased by hydrogen. That in-crease suggested that void growth rates may be assisted by hydrogen in overaged 7075 aluminum.
On the half life of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rats.

After the injection of 14C-labeled TRH into normal male rats, radioactivity disappeared rapidly from the circulation. The half life of 14C-TRH was found to be 4.16 min; however, the true half life of TRH may be masked, since TRH is rapidly inactivated in the blood to compounds having similar chemical structures and probably similar half lives. Chromatography of methanol extracts of plasma samples taken at 1, 2, and 6 min revealed that some of the radioactivity had the same Rf value as that of TRH, while other areas corresponded to the free acid of TRH (pyro-glu-his-pro-OH), glu-his-pro, and his-pro-NH2. The mean volume of distribution of TRH in our studies was 18.5% of the body weight. Approximately 25% of the radioactivity was excreted into the urine within 60 min after the intravenous injection of 1 µCi of 14C-TRH. Urinary radioactive metabolites appeared to have the same electrophoretic mobilities as TRH and the free acid of TRH.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis and interpretation of CT perfusion imaging

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States. Rest and stress myocardial perfusion imaging has an important role in the non-invasive risk stratification of patients with CAD. However, diagnostic accuracies have been limited, which has led to the development of several myocardial perfusion imaging techniques. Among them, myocardial computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTP) is especially interesting as it has the unique capability of providing anatomic- as well as coronary stenosis-related functional data when combined with computed tomography angiography (CTA). The primary aim of this article is to review the qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative analysis approaches to CTP imaging. In doing so, we will describe the image data required for each analysis and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Damage Mechanisms Perspective on Superior Ballistic Performance of Spinel over Sapphire

Sapphire and magnesium spinel are two commonly used transparent armor materials. Although it is commonly believed that better mechanical properties often result in better field performance, the ballistic performance of spinel is reported to be superior to sapphire despite its inferior mechanical properties. The above discrepancy has been rationalized on the basis of mechanisms of deformation during impact loading. After reviewing the reported ballistic performance results on spinel and sapphire, we will discuss the relevant mechanical properties and their inability to explain the observed paradoxical behavior. We will then present differences in static (15 s duration) and dynamic (100 μs duration) indentation fracture characteristics and compare these observations to fracture modes witnessed during ball-on-rod impact tests. Lastly, the energy absorbed in various deformation mechanisms for each material is compared to draw a rationale for the intriguing behavior of spinel. Fracture along crystallographic planes in sapphire during ball impact allows large fragments to be ejected causing a significant loss in structural integrity and deeper projectile penetration, whereas the mixed mode fracture in spinel produces fine debris which opposes the incoming projectile and causes severe deceleration and erosion of the ball. Thus a mechanism based rationale has been provided to describe the superior performance of spinel over sapphire.
Utility of Next Generation Sequencing in Clinical Primary Immunodeficiencies

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders that present with very similar symptoms, complicating definitive diagnosis. More than 240 genes have hitherto been associated with PIDs, of which more than 30 have been identified in the last 3 years. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of genomes or exomes of informative families has played a central role in the discovery of novel PID genes. Furthermore, NGS has the potential to transform clinical molecular testing for established PIDs, allowing all PID differential diagnoses to be tested at once, leading to increased diagnostic yield, while decreasing both the time and cost of obtaining a molecular diagnosis. Given that treatment of PID varies by disease gene, early achievement of a molecular diagnosis is likely to enhance treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
Methodological problems and policy implications in sexual harassment research

This paper argues that the ability of social research to influence legal arguments and policy decisions on sexual harassment in the workplace has been stymied by several methodological problems which are shared by most major studies on the topic. Determination of the incidence of harassment and its major sub-types is difficult because of problems with sampling (e.g., response rate, sample size) and instrument construction (e.g., number or variety of harassment categories). Additionally, severity of harassment is rarely treated as a variable.
Effect of macromer molecular weight on in vitro ophthalmic drug release from photo-crosslinked matrices.

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) molecular weight on the release kinetics of two ophthalmic model drugs, acetazolamide (AZ) and timolol maleate (TM), from matrices prepared by photo-induced copolymerization of PPF with N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP). PPF macromers of different number average molecular weight (Mn) and polydispersity index (PI) were used in the experiments. Photo-crosslinked matrices were loaded with 5 wt.% AZ or TM. The amounts of released drug and NVP were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The release kinetics of both drugs was influenced by the molecular weight of the constituent PPF macromer. An increased Mn led to an increased burst release and an accelerated drug release. Dependent on the PPF Mn, the initial AZ loading was released within periods ranging from 35 days (Mn = 3670, PI = 1.9) to 220 days (Mn = 2050, PI = 1.5). TM-loaded matrices revealed similar release kinetics dependent on the PPF Mn. The amount of released NVP from photo-crosslinked matrices during the course of a release experiment was independent of the PPF Mn for both drugs. Matrix swelling and erosion were determined gravimetrically. The network structures of non-loaded matrices were further characterized by determining their crosslinking densities and the relative double bond conversions of fumaric acid (FAA) and NVP. Independent of PPF Mn, PPF and NVP similarly participated in the formation of the PPF/polyNVP copolymer network. The observed differences in drug release might therefore be explained by differences in the microstructural organization of the copolymer networks. Overall, the results demonstrate that drug release kinetics from photo-crosslinked PPF/polyNVP matrices is strongly dependent on the Mn of the PPF macromer.
IMP: a meta-tooling platform for creating language-specific ides in eclipse

Programming language design remains a vital field, with interest in languages targeting concurrency, scripting, and aspects, as well as in domain-specific languages. Full-featured integrated development environments (IDEs) have become critical to the adoption of new languages. A key factor in the success of these IDEs is the provision of services specifically tailored to the language. However, modern IDE frameworks are large and complex, and the cost of constructing a language-specific IDE from scratch remains prohibitive IMP is an IDE meta-tooling platform intended to relieve much of the burden of IDE development in Eclipse. IMP combines a language-independent framework, generators for partial implementations of language-specific services, and support for the completion of service implementations by programming at various levels of abstraction. Unlike much of the previous work, IMP permits signigicant customization of IDE appearance and behavior and accommodates incremental elaboration of the IDE; it also makes significant reuse of code and assists during the IDE development process. IMP-based IDEs are in use in research projects in IBM, including within IMP itself. IMP is available as an open-source release from SourceForge.net
Addendum to Distortion Effects in the Elastic Scattering of 100- to 400-eV Electrons from Helium

The differential cross section for the elastic scattering of 500-eV electrons from helium has recently been measured. The extended-polarization potential method used in our previous work is here applied at 500 eV and yields cross sections in good agreement with experiment. In addition, the explicit formulas used in this and our previous work for approximating the higher angular momentum phase shifts are displayed.
Simulate and Eliminate: A Top-to-Bottom Design Methodology for Automatic Generation of Application Specific Architectures

There is an increasing trend toward application specific processing, particularly in embedded computing devices that have stringent performance requirements. Achieving the desired area and throughput constraints requires careful tuning of the underlying architecture and high-level design tools are gaining increasing acceptance to achieve this goal while decreasing the design time. Most existing tools employ a bottom-to-top methodology, which piece together functional units, interconnect, and control logic based on the given application; this tends to scale poorly. We developed a tool, simulate and eliminate (S&E), that is fundamentally different from the existing high-level design tools as it employs a top-to-bottom methodology. S&E provides automatic generation of a variety of general purpose processing cores with different parameterization options. Then, the provided application(s) are simulated on this general-purpose architecture and the unneeded functionality is eliminated resulting in application specific architecture. S&E generates completely synthesizable hardware description language for an input C and/or MATLAB code. S&E provides different design methods and parameterization options to enable the user to study area and performance tradeoffs over a large number of different architectures and find the optimum architecture for the desired objective.
CD8+ T Cells Targeting a Single Immunodominant Epitope are Sufficient for Elimination of Established SV40 T Antigen-Induced Brain Tumors

Immunotherapy of established solid tumors is rarely achieved, and the mechanisms leading to success remain to be elucidated. We previously showed that extended control of advanced-stage autochthonous brain tumors is achieved following adoptive transfer of naive C57BL/6 splenocytes into sublethally irradiated line SV11 mice expressing the SV40 T Ag (T Ag) oncoprotein, and was associated with in vivo priming of CD8(+) T cells (T(CD8)) specific for the dominant epitope IV (T Ag residues 404-411). Using donor lymphocytes derived from mice that are tolerant to epitope IV or a newly characterized transgenic mouse line expressing an epitope IV-specific TCR, we show that epitope IV-specific T(CD8) are a necessary component of the donor pool and that purified naive epitope IV-specific T(CD8) are sufficient to promote complete and rapid regression of established tumors. While transfer of naive TCR-IV cells alone induced some initial tumor regression, increased survival of tumor-bearing mice required prior conditioning of the host with a sublethal dose of gamma irradiation and was associated with complete tumor eradication. Regression of established tumors was associated with rapid accumulation of TCR-IV T cells within the brain following initial priming against the endogenous T Ag in the peripheral lymphoid organs. Additionally, persistence of functional TCR-IV cells in both the brain and peripheral lymphoid organs was associated with long-term tumor-free survival. Finally, we show that production of IFN-gamma, but not perforin or TNF-alpha, by the donor lymphocytes is critical for control of autochthonous brain tumors.
JHLT highlights 2011: Cardiothoracic transplantation, pulmonary hypertension, and mechanical circulatory support

From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital System, Richmond, Virginia; Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital System, Richmond, Virginia; and the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
RELATIONSHIP OF DESIGN, OPERATING, AND POSTED SPEEDS ON HORIZONTAL CURVES OF RURAL TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS IN NEBRASKA

Circular horizontal curves on rural two-lane highways in Nebraska with posted speeds of 55, 60, and 65 mph were investigated to determine the relationship of design and operating and posted speeds in an effort to provide guidelines for consistent roadway design along horizontal alignments. The mean, 85th percentile, and 95th percentile speeds; upper limit of the 16-km/h (10-mph) pace; and percent of vehicles within the pace of free-flowing passenger cars in dry, daytime conditions were analyzed at tangent approach and curve midpoint locations. Highway design guidelines suggest that the posted speed should represent the 85th-percentile speed of the vehicles using the facility and that the roadway alignment should be designed to support the 95th percentile speed. Multiple regression analysis was used to develop prediction equations for the mean, 85th percentile, and 95th percentile speeds at approach and curve midpoint locations. At the midpoint, the deflection angle and length of curve influenced the mean,...
Theory of a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator in steady-state operation

A single nonlinear differential equation describing a cw synchronously pumped, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator is derived. This equation accounts for the important effects associated with this kind of ultrashort tunable-pulse generation, including the effects of phase mismatch, pulse walk-off, group-velocity dispersion, cavity-length detuning, and pump depletion. The various effects are investigated in detail through numerical solutions. The formalism is general enough that the results obtained are applicable to a wide variety of systems.
Continuous Foldability of Polygonal Paper

We prove that any given well-behaved folded state of a piece of paper can be reached via a continuous folding process starting from the unfolded paper and ending with the folded state. The argument is an extension of that originally presented in (DM01). 1 Introduction. In defining an "origami" or "folding" of a piece of paper, there is a distinction between specifying the geometry of the final folded state (a single folding, e.g., an origami crane) and specifying a continuous folding motion from the unfolded sheet to the final folded state (an entire animation of foldings). It is conceivable that some folded state exists, but that the piece of paper could not reach that state via a continuous folding process, e.g., the state could only be reached by passing portions of the paper through itself, or by cutting and regluing. Our main result is that in fact every well-behaved folded state of a simple polygonal piece of paper can be reached by a continuous folding motion, and so the entire config uration space of all well-behaved folded states of a piece of paper is connected. As a consequence, other results that define fold- ings with specific properties need not distinguish between folded states and continuous folding motions, and can use the more convenient specification of a single folded state. The same result as ours was established in (DM01) for the special case of a rectangular piece of paper and a folded state having a flat patch. Here we extend the result to an arbitrary simple polygonal piece of paper and to any well- behaved, possibly entirely curved, folded state, in addition to formalizing definitions and adding detail to the proof. 2 Definitions. We believe that research in mathematical origami has been somewhat hampered by lack of clear, for- mal foundation, so we devote a relatively lengthy section to this topic before turning to the proofs. At a high level, our definitions generalize Justin' s definition of flat folded states (Jus94).
Obesity, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation.

Epidemiological data indicate that obesity is a risk factor for asthma, but the mechanistic basis for this relationship is not established. Here we review data from human subjects and animal models investigating the relationship between obesity and airway hyperresponsiveness, a characteristic feature of asthma. We discuss obesity as a state of chronic systemic inflammation resulting from interactions between adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages that are recruited to obese adipose tissue. Finally, we focus on the possibility that aspects of this inflammation, particularly obesity-related changes in TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin, may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness in obesity. Determining how obesity promotes asthma may uncover novel therapeutic strategies that are effective in the obese asthmatic subject.
Healthy Eating Self-Schema and Nutrition Behavior1

The nutrition behavior of female college students who differed in healthy eater self-schema status was investigated. Forty-nine female students enrolled in a nutrition class (27 schematics, 22 nonschematics) provided 4-day food diaries. Analyses revealed that students who saw themselves as healthy eaters consumed more fiber and less total fat than did those without such a self-schema. In addition, higher percentages of healthy eater schematics met the dietary guidelines for fiber, total fat, and dietary cholesterol. No group differences were found for either saturated fat or sugar intake.
Focus Issue: Metabolic Signals

This Focus Issue of Science Signaling complements the Science Special Issue on Metabolism (http://www.sciencemag.org/special/metabolism) by turning attention to the pathways and molecules involved in controlling cellular metabolic processes. Highlights include an unexpected role in triggering apoptosis for the insulin receptor and the related IGF-1 receptor (known for their roles in metabolism and growth), a role for lipids as cellular sensors of glucose metabolism, and a mechanism whereby cells can survive oxidative stress by shifting the activity of the cell's protein degradation complex.
Visualization and Representation of Physical Systems: Wavemaker as an Aid to Conceptualizing Wave Phenomena

An understanding of wave mechanics is essential to making the leap from classical to quantum systems. Wavemaker is a simulation environment developed to reveal graphically the behavior of periodic systems using a series of increasingly sophisticated visualization tools. Individual particles in a many-particle system can be instrumented for study of kinematic behavior. Parametric representations reveal time-independent behaviors. Problems dealing with propagation, reflection, and Fourier synthesis are easily studied. Use with students has revealed that many students have preconceptions about the behavior of waves and that use of this software is helpful in connecting real to simulated systems, separating holistic behaviors from those of individual elements, identifying critical parameters, and making connections between variables that are used to describe and measure periodic systems.
Highland contamination in lunar mare soils: Improved mapping with multiple end-member spectral mixture analysis (MESMA)

[1] Multiple end-member spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) was applied to the Clementine UVVIS global 1 km multispectral data set, and the resulting highland material fraction image was used to investigate highland contamination of mare surfaces by impact cratering. MESMA decomposes each pixel with the number of end-members fewer than the number of the spectral bands of Clementine UVVIS data. This allows the use of variable end-member combinations to accommodate global spectral variance. A 13-end-member set of lunar soil components that spans the lunar spectral diversity was selected from the UVVIS data and included 1 mature and 4 fresh highland soils, 4 mature and 2 fresh mare soils, and 2 soils of dark mantling materials. This set was applied to the lunar data through MESMA, and an aggregated global highland abundance was derived. Comparison of the highland fraction results from MESMA and traditional spectral mixture analysis (SMA) demonstrated that MESMA better accommodates the compositional variation of mare soils, resulting in a greater accuracy in the measurement of highland. With the derived products, we investigated highland contamination in Mare Nectaris, Mare Fecunditatis, and Mare Crisium. These mare surfaces are proximal to the large craters Theophilus, Taruntius, Langrenus, and Proclus and provided an opportunity to investigate highland contamination by large impacts. The analyses indicated that Theophilus impact resulted in highland contamination of 20–80% on most of Mare Nectaris, while Taruntius and Langrenus impacts caused 5–40% contamination of Mare Fecunditatis. The trend of minimal highland abundance in Mare Fecunditatis correlates poorly with basalt thickness, suggesting an efficient lateral mixing due to the large craters Taruntius and Langrenus. Additionally, Proclus, combining with other craters, was responsible for highland contamination in most of the Mare Crisium surface, and some basalt classification in this mare reflects highland contamination of the spectral properties. MESMA significantly reduces uncertainty in calculating global composition variations due to mixing, and these analyses demonstrate that large impacts played a dominant role in delivering highland materials onto three mare surfaces.
Maternal and child health graduate and continuing education needs: a national assessment.

Objectives: The purpose of this report is to describe the methodology and results of a recent national assessment of long-term graduate and short-term continuing education needs of public health and health care professionals who serve or are administratively responsible for the U.S. maternal and child health population and also to offer recommendations for future training initiatives. Methods: The target of this needs assessment was all directors of state MCH, CSHCN and Medicaid agencies, as well as a 20% random sample of local public health departments. A 7-page needs assessment form was used to assess the importance of and need for supporting graduate and continuing education training in specific skill and content areas. The needs assessment also addressed barriers to pursuing graduate and continuing education. Respondents (n = 274) were asked to indicate the capacity of their agency for providing continuing education as well as their preferred modalities for training. Results: Regardless of agency type, i.e., state MCH, CSHCN, Medicaid or local health department, having employees with a graduate education in MCH was perceived to be of benefit by more than 70% of the respondents. Leadership, systems development, management, administration, analytic, policy and advocacy skills, as well as genetics, dentistry, nutrition and nursing, were all identified as critical unmet needs areas for professionals with graduate training. Education costs, loss of income, and time constraints were the identified barriers to graduate education. More than 90% of respondents from each agency viewed continuing education as a benefit for their staff, although the respondents indicated that their agencies have limited capacity to either provide such training or to assess their staff's need for continuing education. Program managers and staff were perceived in greatest need of continuing education and core public health skills, leadership, and administration were among the most frequently listed topics to receive continuing education training support dollars. Time away from work, lack of staff to cover functions, and cost were the top barriers to receiving continuing education. While attending on-site, in-state, small conferences was the continuing education modality of first preference, there was also considerable interest expressed in web-based training. Conclusions: Six recommendations were developed on the basis of the findings and address the following areas: the ongoing need for continued support of both graduate and continuing education efforts; the development of a national MCH training policy analysis center; the incorporation of routine assessments of training needs by states as part of their annual needs assessments; the promotion of alternative modalities for training, i.e., web-based; and, the sponsorship of academic/practice partnerships for cross-training.
Diverse Effects of ANXA7 and p53 on LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells Are Associated with Regulation of SGK1 Transcription and Phosphorylation of the SGK1 Target FOXO3A

Tumor suppressor function of the calcium/phospholipid-binding Annexin-A7 (ANXA7) has been shown in Anxa7-deficient mice and validated in human cancers. In the androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells, ANXA7 and p53 showed similar cytotoxicity levels. However, in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP, ANXA7 greatly exceeded the p53-induced cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that the p53 underperformance in LNCaP could be due to the involvement of p53-responsive SGK1 and FOXO3A. In this study, we show that p53 failed to match programmed cell death (PCD) and G1-arrest that were induced by ANXA7 in LNCaP. WT-ANXA7 preserved total FOXO3A expression with no hyperphosphorylation that could enable FOXO3A nuclear translocation and proapoptotic transcription. In contrast, in the p53-transfected LNCaP cells with maintained cell proliferation, the phosphorylated (but not total) FOXO3A fraction was increased implying a predominantly cytoplasmic localization and, subsequently, a lack of FOXO3A proapoptotic transcription. In addition, p53 reduced the expression of aberrant SGK1 protein form in LNCaP. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and p53-signature genes, we elucidated the role of distinct SGK1/FOXO3A-associated regulation in p53 versus ANXA7 responses and proposed that aberrant SGK1 could affect reciprocal SGK1-FOXO3A-Akt regulation. Thus, the failure of the cell growth regulator p53 versus the phospholipid-binding ANXA7 could be potentially attributed to its diverse effects on SGK1-FOXO3A-Akt pathway in the PTEN-deficient LNCaP.
Chronic dopaminergic sensitivity after Sydenham's chorea

we studied psychometric performance on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) mini-mult and drug-induced choreic reactions in a group of patients with a history of Sydenham9s chorea. Action tremor, motor signs, and residual chorea were common. One-half of the patients reported adverse choreic reactions to one or more agents. Patients with adverse reactions to central stimulants and anorectics had statistically significant elevations in the psychotic tetrad of the MMPI. Sydenham9s chorea in childhood seems to confer persistent sensitivity to agents that augment central dopaminergic activity, which may be expressed as acute chorea. Central dopaminergic sensitivity may explain earlier reports of psychologic difficulties in survivors of rheumatic chorea.
Work in progress - knowledge engineering in a hybrid systems engineering curriculum

We discuss the integration of knowledge management into an upper-level systems engineering course as an example of how to have both systems engineering and computer science material taught in depth in a single class
Sex Specificity, Life-Span QTLs, and Statistical Power

Most of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have been found to influence life span in Drosophila and Mus organisms are reported to have genetic effects limited to one sex. Here I study the statistical properties of sex-limited QTLs by randomly sampling data from an exceptionally large Drosophila experiment, and then asking how sample size influences outcomes. The sampling study suggests that, for the particular data analyzed here, even moderately large experiments, of the order of 10(4) individuals, can have a high probability of detecting sex-limited effects when they are not actually present. If a particular QTL is present in both sexes, and if the probability of detecting it in each sex is moderately high, say 80%, then there is a 32% chance of erroneously concluding that there is sex specificity. A comparison of interval mapping and composite interval mapping methods of data analysis suggests that the latter can inflate the appearance of sex specificity and sexual antagonism, depending on the choice of number of background covariates in the analysis. Conclusive evidence for sex-limited QTLs will require demonstration that results are robust to methods of statistical analysis, and experimental replication.
Slab portal beneath the western Aleutians

Tomographic images of the distribution of shear-wave speed beneath the northwestern Pacific delineate the configuration of the subducted oceanic lithosphere beneath the western Aleutian arc. At ;100 km depth, a fast shear-wave speed anomaly is beneath the Aleutian arc everywhere east of 1738E. Between 1648E and 1738E, however, seismic velocities at this depth are slow relative to the surrounding mantle. The lateral termination of the fast shear-wave speed anomaly at depth coincides with a gap in deep seismicity beneath the Aleutians. The absence of these two distinctive traits of subducting slabs leads us to conclude that this segment of the Aleutian arc overlies a very large window in the otherwise continuous lithospheric slab that we term a ‘‘slab portal.’’ This portal is likely to facilitate the production of distinctive volcanic rocks (adakites or high-Mg# andesites) by partially melting the adjacent edges of the slab. The Miocene age of most adakites in the westernmost Aleutians where no slab is present may indicate that the portal formed relatively recently. The chemistry of western Aleutian adakites approximates that of typical continental crust, so their genesis and subsequent lateral transport toward Kamchatka is a plausible mechanism for new continent formation.
Association of Size-Exclusion HPLC of Endosperm Proteins with Dough Mixing and Breadmaking Characteristics in a Recombinant Inbred Population of Hard Red Spring Wheat

ABSTRACT Variation of polymeric proteins affects wheat end-use quality. This research investigated associations of polymeric proteins with dough mixing strength and breadmaking characteristics in a near-homogenous population of 139 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two hard red spring wheat breeding lines. Flours from the RILs grown at three locations were analyzed for molecular weight (MW) distribution of SDS-extractable and unextractable proteins using size-exclusion HPLC protocol. Correlations were calculated between mixing and breadmaking properties and HPLC absorbance data obtained a 0.01-min retention time interval to identify protein fractions that had a significant effect on the quality traits. Very high MW polymeric proteins in the unextractable fraction had more distinct and positive associations with dough mixing strength and bread loaf volume than did other polymeric protein fractions, whereas extractable polymeric had negative influence. Consequently, the ratio of u...
Risperidone and the treatment of psychiatric, motor, and cognitive symptoms in Huntington's disease

Background. Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, neuropsychiatric disorder, and limited reports indicate that risperidone might improve motor and psychiatric functioning for these patients.Methods. In a retrospective, chart review study to evaluate the effectiveness of risperidone on motor, psychiatric, and cognitive functioning in HD, 17 patients taking risperidone in the course of clinical care and 12 patients not taking any antipsychotic medication were compared across a year.Results. Patients taking risperidone demonstrated significantly improved psychiatric functioning and motor stabilization, whereas patients not taking risperidone were stable psychiatrically and worsened motorically.Conclusions. Although controlled clinical trials are clearly needed, these preliminary results support the use of risperidone in patients with HD in treating their psychiatric and possibly motor symptoms.
IL-6 promotes growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CD133+ cells of non-small cell lung cancer

// Soo Ok Lee 1 , Xiaodong Yang 1 , Shanzhou Duan 1 , Ying Tsai 1 , Laura R. Strojny 1 , Peter Keng 1 , Yuhchyau Chen 1 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA Correspondence to: Yuhchyau Chen, e-mail: yuhchyau_chen@urmc.rochester.edu Soo Ok Lee, e-mail: soook_lee@urmc.rochester.edu Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer, IL-6, CD133+, cancer stem cells, self-renewal Received: July 01, 2015 Accepted: November 21, 2015 Published: December 12, 2015 ABSTRACT We examined IL-6 effects on growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and metastatic ability of CD133+ and CD133– cell subpopulations isolated from three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: A549, H157, and H1299. We developed IL-6 knocked-down and scramble (sc) control cells of A549 and H157 cell lines by lentiviral infection system, isolated CD133+ and CD133– sub-populations, and investigated the IL-6 role in self-renewal/growth of these cells. IL-6 showed either an inhibitory or lack of effect in modulating growth of CD133– cells depending on intracellular IL-6 levels, but there was higher self-renewal ability of IL-6 expressing CD133+ cells than IL-6 knocked down cells, confirming the promoter role of IL-6 in CD133+ cells growth. We then examined tumor growth of xenografts developed from CD133+ cells of A549IL-6si vs. A549sc cell lines. Consistently, there was retarded growth of tumors developed from A549IL-6si, CD133+ cells compared to tumors originating from A549sc, CD133+ cells. The effect of IL-6 in promoting CD133+ self-renewal was due to hedgehog (Hhg) and Erk signaling pathway activation and higher Bcl-2/Bcl-xL expression. We also investigated whether IL-6 regulates the EMT process of CD133− and CD133+ cells differently. Expression of the EMT/metastasis-associated molecules in IL-6 expressing cells was higher than in IL-6 knocked down cells. Together, we demonstrated dual roles of IL-6 in regulating growth of CD133– and CD133+ subpopulations of lung cancer cells and significant regulation of IL-6 on EMT/metastasis increase in CD133+ cells, not in CD133– cells.
Evaluation of the global impacts of mitigation on persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants in marine fish

Although persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants (PBTs) are well-studied individually, their distribution and variability on a global scale are largely unknown, particularly in marine fish. Using 2,662 measurements collected from peer-reviewed literature spanning 1969-2012, we examined variability of five classes of PBTs, considering effects of geography, habitat, and trophic level on observed concentrations. While we see large-scale spatial patterning in some PBTs (chlordanes, polychlorinated biphenyls), habitat type and trophic level did not contribute to significant patterning, with the exception of mercury. We further examined patterns of change in PBT concentration as a function of sampling year. All PBTs showed significant declines in concentration levels through time, ranging from 15-30% reduction per decade across PBT groups. Despite consistent evidence of reductions, variation in pollutant concentration remains high, indicating ongoing consumer risk of exposure to fish with pollutant levels exceeding EPA screening values. The temporal trends indicate that mitigation programs are effective, but that global levels decline slowly. In order for monitoring efforts to provide more targeted assessments of risk to PBT exposure, these data highlight an urgent need for improved replication and standardization of pollutant monitoring protocols for marine finfish.
Remembering Sa-I-Gu

It was right after my 3:00 p.m. on April 29, 1992. I had just come back to my office from the inauguration ceremony of Bob Suzuki, who became the first Asian American President of California Polytechnic University, Pomona. I was scheduled to be in Koreatown later to give a take with Angela Oh to young Jewish leaders on the state “State of Relations between Korean American Merchants and African American Residents” at the Woo Rae Oak restaurant at 6:00 p.m. Before I headed toward Koreatown around 4 p.m., I called Radio Korea to warn Korean American listeners of possible violence in African American neighborhoods in response to the “not guilty verdict.” Yet I never anticipated that violence would spread so quickly into the Koreatown area.
Tics, ADHD and Psychiatric Comorbidity

The prevalence of teacher-rated tic behaviors in 3006 school children, from preschool to adolescence, was determined in a study of comorbid psychiatric symptoms at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY.
Descriptions of Two New Species of Grylloblattidae and of the Adult of Grylloblatta barberi, with an Interpretation of Their Geographical Distribution

After repeated attempts to collect an adult of Grylloblatta barberi Caudell, which was described from immature specimens more than 35 years ago, one was found at the type locality in Plumas County, California. Two new species here described from California ice caves are G. chandleri from Lassen County and G. gurneyi from Modoc County. The distribution of Grylloblatta , especially the Pacific Coast species, coincides closely with areas subject to glaciation during the Wisconsin period. Maps demonstrate this correlation and also show topographic barriers between species groups.
Texture Attributes for Detecting Salt Bodies in Seismic Data

Texture-based methods have proven to be useful in the detection of salt bodies in seismic data. In this abstract, we present three computationally inexpensive texture attributes that strongly differentiate salt bodies from other geological formations. The proposed method combines the three texture attributes along with region boundary smoothing for delineating salt boundaries. Our first proposed attribute is directionality, which differentiates between regions where texture lacks any specific direction (potentially, salt) and areas with directional texture. The second attribute is the smoothness of texture, while the third is based on edge content. Our results show that the directionality attribute effectively detects salt bodies in all the seismic images used in testing. The other two attributes correct the false positives detected by the directionality. The overall results show that the proposed method can fairly detect salt regions when compared to manual interpretation.
On the Formative Ways of English and Chinese Euphemisms

Euphemism is a common phenomenon of language,which is not only a figure of speech but also a culture phenomenon.This paper tries to investigate in terms of pragmatics to the formation of euphemism and list the ways of its formation in English and Chinese so that the understanding and application of euphemism can be strengthened and the learners' ability of cross-cultural communication can be improved.
Explaining the UCR-NCVS Convergence: a Time Series Analysis

The study intends to explain the convergence of the UCR and NCVS data series (1973–2008). Hypothesized explanatory variables include increased police productivity, change in people’s attitudes toward crime and the police, demographic changes, changes in the measurements used in data collections, and the advancement of telecommunication tools. The time series models with relevant predictor variables are estimated to explain the convergence of the two crime data series in five different crime categories. The results show that an increase in the total number of employees in the police, changes in measurements, especially the methodological changes adopted in the victimization survey in 1992, and changing attitudes toward crime and the police affect the relationship between the two crime data series and may have helped the convergence of the two. We argue that (1) the convergence of the two crime data series is not a mere convergence of methodological inadequacies resulting from the declining quality of the victimization survey and (2) all the predictor variables only partially affect the convergence of the two crime data series. Methodological limitations of this study are also addressed.
Basic Vector Geometry

This chapter explores basic vector geometry. It discusses the basics of three dimensional analytical geometry in its' powerful vector formulation. Geometrically, vectors are arrows; these arrows can be measured in various ways. The simplest way to measure vectors is with Cartesian coordinates. Vectors arise in physics as nongeometrical forces or electrical fields and in many other areas. These are used mathematically in total derivatives of functions of several variables and in differential equations. The chapter explains how to find magnitude and direction from Cartesian coordinates. It also presents the useful and simple projection formula and the vector cross product that is unique to three dimensions. The cross product is a determinant computation so it is a little complicated. However, the cross product contains powerful geometric information including orientation.
Metastatische und invasive Tumoren

Unter diesem Titel sind eine Reihe maligner Geschwulste zusammengefast, welche primar nicht vom Gehirn ausgehen; diese Tatsache wird in manchen Fallen auch nach der chirurgischen Entfernung nicht erkannt, bis eine Untersuchung des Tumors gemacht wird.
A Rare Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma With Leiomyomatous Stroma and Concomitant Ruptured Adrenal Aneurysm

Here we report a rare case of coexisting renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with leiomyomatous stroma and a ruptured adrenal aneurysm. The patient was a 75-year-old woman with acute abdominal pain. Imaging studies showed a left peri-renal hematoma and a mass in the left kidney. Left nephrectomy and adrenalectomy were performed. Pathological examination showed a ruptured aneurysm in the left adrenal gland. The renal mass was composed of tubules and acini of epithelial cells and a prominent leiomyomatous stroma. The tumor cells were positive for carbonic anhydrase IX, cytokeratin 7, and negative for AMACR, consistent with clear cell (tubulo) papillary RCC.
The Effects of Psychotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder on Daily Mood and Functioning: A Longitudinal Experience Sampling Study

Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was used in a randomized controlled trial of short-term therapy to examine changes in daily affect and reactivity to daily event appraisals among depressed patients. Fifty-five depressed adults (mean age 37 years, 80 % female) were randomly assigned to one of two therapy conditions. Using an interactive voice response system, participants rated activities and emotional functioning eight times per day for 7 days. Twenty-nine participants completed treatment and repeated ESM at post-treatment. Broad improvements in mood, cognition, and physical functioning were similar across treatment conditions, with the largest improvements for markers of positive affect. Participants demonstrated increased resilience, i.e., diminished reactivity to stressors, at post-treatment. Changes in reactivity to positive daily situations were minimal. Findings underscore the utility of ESM in psychotherapy research and the importance of including measures of both positive and negative affect and experiences.
Aspectos del derecho a la protección de la salud como garantía fundamental de un estado de derecho

Dentro de los derechos humanos cuya experiencia se ha reconocido expresamente y que han significado atributos inherentes al ser humano por su condicion de tal, estan los derechos sociales, tales como el derecho al trabajo y su libre eleccion; a la seguridad social; a la proteccion a la maternidad y del menor abandonado; el derecho a la salud; la proteccion del medio ambiente y otros.
Multidimensional Demand Strength of Recreational Activity Programming in Assisted Living: A Conceptual Model and Prototypical Rating Scale

ABSTRACTThis article describes a framework for measuring activity demands and the psychometric properties of a related measurement tool, the Multidimensional Activities Demand Strength for Assisted Living (MADS-AL). Nine experts—three in physical, cognitive, and social domains, respectively—rated demands of 37 common assisted-living activities. Interrater reliability and internal consistency for physical, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)(2, 3) = .96, Cronbach's α = .97, cognitive, ICC(2, 3) = .71, α = .93, and social, ICC(2, 3) = .80, α = .86, scales give preliminary support for reliability of the MADS-AL tool. Overall, this article moves the field toward considering task demands as a relevant variable to inform future activities research and practice.