cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Philosophical Conceptions of Cultural Space in Russia and Japan: Comparing Nishida Kitaro and Semën Frank

Jean-Luc Nancy notes that the community, since it is no absolute subject (self, will, spirit), is by its nature not inscribed in any logic metaphysics. In spite of this, or indeed because of this, Western philosophy has persistently tried to interpret the community through precisely these metaphysical terms (Nancy, 1986, page 18, La Commonaute desoevree, Christian Bourgeois, Paris). Some thoughts about Russian and Japanese notions of community and space will show that characteristics pointed out by Nancy and Kant are binding only for societies that function within a Western intellectual framework. I want to introduce and compare the thought of Nishida Kitarō (1870–1945) and Semen L Frank (1877–1950), who develop the notions of basho and sobornost’ as alternative philosophical concepts of space. Both Nishida and Frank attempt to overcome what they consider a typically ‘Western’ idea of individual ‘I's as materialized ‘objects’. Procedures like Einfuhlung or intuition are inefficient because all they do is ...
LITHIUM ION SOLVATION : AMINE AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON SOLVATES OF LITHIUM HEXAMETHYLDISILAZIDE (LIHMDS)

Li, 15 N, and 13 C NMR spectroscopic studies of 6 Li- 15 N labeled lithium hexamethyldisilazide (( 6 Li, 15 N)- LiHMDS) solvated by more than 20 different mono-, di-, and trialkylamines (and ammonia) are described. LiHMDS dimers solvated by the least hindered trialkylamines and most dialkylamines exchange ligands by a dissociative mechanism that is sufficiently slow to observe discrete mono-, di-, and mixed-solvated dimers. Dimers solvated by the hindered trialkylamines and unhindered monoalkylamines undergo rapid ligand substitutions by relatively rapid dissociative and associative mechanisms (respectively). Mono- and disolvated dimers can be observed for the monoalkylamines at <1.0 equiv of ligand (per Li). The monomers that form at elevated trialkylamine concentrations are suggested to be di- and trisolvated. The relationship between ligand structure and lithium amide aggregation state is a complex and sensitive function of amine alkyl substituents. The dialkylamines prove to be remarkably similar to dialkyl ethers as ligands for the LiHMDS dimer despite pronounced differences expected for nitrogen- and oxygen-based coordination. A greater relative promotion of monomer formation by the dialkylamines than the dialkyl ethers can be traced to disproportionate monomer stabilization by the amines. Hydrocarbon-dependent aggregation effects are discussed in terms of primary and secondary shell solvation.
Scopoletin and Polyphenol‐Induced Lag in Peroxidase Catalyzed Oxidation of Indole‐3‐acetic Acid

The rate of initial indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidation with horseradish peroxidase is modified with scopoletin, scopolin and other phenolic derivatives. In the presence of phenolics there is an initial lag phase in the oxidation. The early lag is dissipated enzymatically after which the rale of IAA oxidation again returns to normal. Chlorogenic and sinapic acids produce the longest lag periods of the compounds reported here, whereas the glucoside, scopolin, produced the least inhibition. Scopoletin is more than 10× as inhibitory as scopolin.
Cocaine Exposure in a Term Neonate Necrotizing Enterocolitis as a Complication

Cocaine use has increased dramatically in the past several years, and multiple medical complications associated with its use have been reported in adults, including bowel infarction and colitis. Maternal use of cocaine during pregnancy has been associated with complications in the fetus and newborn infant, including spontaneous abortions, preterm labor, cerebral infarctions, seizures, renal anomalies, and neurobehavioral and neurophysiologic abnormalities. This paper presents a case of necrotizing enterocolitis at birth in a term newborn exposed to cocaine antenatally. Cultures of the bowel grew two types of Clostridia organisms, Escherichia coli and group B streptococcus. It is suggested that bowel ischemia was secondary to the vasoconstrictive properties of the maternally abused cocaine and that secondary invasion of the bowel by multiple bacteria ensued. This case presents another possible complication to the newborn of maternal cocaine exposure in utero, namely ischemic infarction of the bowel.
The Structural Bases of Antibiotic Resistance in the Clinically Derived Mutant β-Lactamases TEM-30, TEM-32, and TEM-34

Abstract Widespread use of β-lactam antibiotics has promoted the evolution of β-lactamase mutant enzymes that can hydrolyze ever newer classes of these drugs. Among the most pernicious mutants are the inhibitor-resistant TEM β-lactamases (IRTs), which elude mechanism-based inhibitors, such as clavulanate. Despite much research on these IRTs, little is known about the structural bases of their action. This has made it difficult to understand how many of the resistance substitutions act as they often occur far from Ser-130. Here, three IRT structures, TEM-30 (R244S), TEM-32 (M69I/M182T), and TEM-34 (M69V), are determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.00, 1.61, and 1.52 A, respectively. In TEM-30, the Arg-244 → Ser substitution (7.8 A from Ser-130) displaces a conserved water molecule that usually interacts with the β-lactam C3 carboxylate. In TEM-32, the substitution Met-69 → Ile (10 A from Ser-130) appears to distort Ser-70, which in turn causes Ser-130 to adopt a new conformation, moving its Oγ further away, 2.3 A from where the inhibitor would bind. This substitution also destabilizes the enzyme by 1.3 kcal/mol. The Met-182 → Thr substitution (20 A from Ser-130) has no effect on enzyme activity but rather restabilizes the enzyme by 2.9 kcal/mol. In TEM-34, the Met-69 → Val substitution similarly leads to a conformational change in Ser-130, this time causing it to hydrogen bond with Lys-73 and Lys-234. This masks the lone pair electrons of Ser-130 Oγ, reducing its nucleophilicity for cross-linking. In these three structures, distant substitutions result in accommodations that converge on the same point of action, the local environment of Ser-130.
Listening to Voices and Visualizing Data in Qualitative Research

One of the tenets of qualitative research is the emphasis and honoring of the participants’ own words as generative of meaning and knowledge; yet it is rare to hear the actual voices of the research participants in a presentation or in text. Qualitative research dissemination has relied on dense transcribed text; these “mountains of words” do not lend themselves to the space limitations of academic journals or condensed visual elements such as summary charts, tables, or graphs. Technological advancements have the potential to revolutionize dissemination efforts, especially for qualitative research. The use of audio clips in poster and oral presentations, as well as embedded within written manuscripts plays with the interstices between the research participants and the observer. Infograms are effective ways of conveying a story visually. We demonstrate how combining audio clips and infographics can be a unique hypermodal dissemination possibility for qualitative results.
La création, un concept théologique : réponse à Sophie Nordmann

Phenomenologie de la transcendance, publie par Sophie Nordmann, propose une reflexion sur certains concepts classiques de la theologie : creation, redemption, transcendance, etc. La these principale de l’ouvrage est que le monde est insuffisant a rendre compte de lui-meme et que cette incompletude est elle-meme indeductible du monde. D’ou le caractere authentiquement cree du monde. La creation du monde, entendue strictement sur le mode de « l’insuffisance ontologique a soi » (p. 22), apparait alors comme un concept delie du don originel et permet de faire l’economie d’un Dieu createur. Cet article met en regard cette analyse et celle qui est issue de la tradition theologique. En particulier, meme si la construction de la these principale de l’ouvrage est contestee sur la base des contre-exemples fournis par les sciences contemporaines de la nature, la conclusion de l’ouvrage qui proclame le lien entre creation et redemption d’un monde en voie d’achevement peut etre recue comme une confirmation de la legitimite de la theologie naturelle contemporaine.
Neuronal Hemoglobin Expression and Its Relevance to Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathology

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination and progressive neurological disability. Previous studies have reported defects to mitochondria in MS including decreased expression of nuclear encoded electron transport chain subunit genes and inhibition of respiratory complexes. We previously reported increased levels of the hemoglobin β subunit (Hbb) in mitochondrial fractions isolated from postmortem MS cortex compared to controls. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemistry to determine the distribution of Hbb in postmortem MS cortex and identified proteins which interact with Hbb by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We found that Hbb was enriched in pyramidal neurons in internal layers of the cortex and interacts with subunits of ATP synthase, histones, and a histone lysine demethylase. We also found that Hbb is present in the nucleus and that expression of Hbb in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells increased trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me3), a histone mark that regulates cellular metabolism. These data suggest that Hbb may be a part of a mechanism linking neuronal energetics with epigenetic changes to histones in the nucleus and may provide neuroprotection in MS by supporting neuronal metabolism.
INTERACTION OF ACOUSTIC, ENTROPIC, AND VORTICAL WAVES WITH A PLANE SHOCK

The interaction of a normal shock with incident unsteady disturbances is analyzed. Three types of disturbances are considered: acoustic waves, vortical waves, and entropic waves. The analysis is based on the linearized Euler equations for which appropriate boundary conditions are then derived matching upstream and downstream quantities at the mean shock location. Analytical solutions are derived for incident plane waves. It is shown that, in general, an incident plane wave will result in an acoustic, an entropic, and a vortical wave. Results indicate that upstream originating waves will either amplify or decay as they interact with the shock. On the other hand, upstream propagating acoustic waves are damped by the shock and result in small amplitude reflected waves and significant convected entropy waves.
Microstructure and Texture Through Thixomolding and Thermomechanical Processing and the Role of Mg 17 Al 12 Particles

Thixomolding and thermomechanical processing (TTMP) is a pathway through which it is possible to produce Mg alloy sheet with both a fine grain size and a weak basal texture. Following static recrystallization, the texture of TTMP AZ61 is comparable to that of rare-earth Mg alloy sheets. The β-Mg17Al12 particles in the alloy serve several important roles. Pinning during rolling retards dynamic recrystallization, thereby preventing the development of the typical Mg sheet deformation texture. Recrystallized grains form near clusters of β-particles and in the grain mantle regions. Larger β-particles pin boundaries during subsolvus thermal exposures and therefore provide grain size stability during annealing. The size and spatial arrangement of the β-particles are relatively stable during processing, so modifications to optimize the texture reduction or grain size stability would require changes in composition or modifications in the Thixomolding parameters.
2D and 3D Morphologic Metrics Associated Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) rupture results in severe morbidity and mortality. Therefore indentifying IA rupture risk is highly critical. Although it has been recognized that IA rupture is the result of a complex vascular degeneration process involving multiple mechanobiological factors, such information for each patient is not readily available in clinical setting. Alternatively, morphology and hemodynamic metrics can be derived from routine patient-specific imaging. In previous studies, a number of morphological metrics derived from analysis of reconstructed vascular 3D geometry have shown significance in discriminating ruptured from unruptued IAs, including in particular aneurysm size ratio, defined as IA size divided by the parent vessel diameter. However, these measures rely on 3D image segmentation and measurement, which makes them less practical in current angiographic rooms often equipped with only biplane angiogram capability and even when 3D rotational angiography is available, on-site 3D image segmentation and analyses are still not practical. Our foregoing study examined three parameters measured on 2D angiographs: aneurysm Size Ratio (SR), Aspect Ratio (AR) and Size. We found that SR had the strongest correlation with IA rupture. The current study further evaluates these geometric metrics, measured both from 3D and 2D images, with a larger cohort of saccular intracranial aneurysms.© 2010 ASME
Clinical outcome of internal fixation of unstable juvenile osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the knee

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee are a common cause of knee pain in skeletally immature patients.The authors sought to determine lesion healing rates, the risk factors associated with failure to heal, and the clinical outcomes for patients who underwent internal fixation for unstable OCD lesions. A retrospective review was conducted of all patients who underwent internal fixation of OCD lesions from 1999 to 2009. Using validated scoring systems, clinical outcome and functional activity were evaluated at the follow-up. The study group comprised 19 patients (20 knees). Mean patient age was 14.5 years (range, 12-17 years). Mean clinical follow-up was 7 years (range, 2-13 years). Mean radiographic follow-up was 2.5 years (range, 0.5-9 years). Fourteen (70%) lesions were grade 3 and 6 (30%) were grade 4. Eleven knees had lateral condyle lesions and 9 had medial lesions. Bioabsorbable fixation was used in 13 knees, metal fixation was used in 5 knees, and 2 knees were fixed with a combination of methods. Osseous integration was evident in 15 (75%) of 20 knees at final follow-up. The 5 unhealed lesions were lateral condylar lesions. Mean Tegner activity scores improved from 3.3 preoperatively to 5.6 at final follow-up. Mean Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores were 86.8 and 88.7, respectively, at final follow-up. Further operative intervention was required in 11 knees, with 50% of patients undergoing removal of hardware and 15% requiring subsequent osteochondral allograft transplantation. The authors recommend bioabsorbable fixation for symptomatic stable lesions and metal compression screws with staged removal for unstable lesions.
Possible selves in patients with right- versus left-onset Parkinson’s disease

Possible selves can be used to self-regulate and guide behavior towards what is desired to be achieved or avoided in life. Previous work suggests laterality effects exist within the brain regarding approach and avoidance systems to achieve self-regulation. A modified version of the possible selves task was administered to 45 patients with PD (22 right-onset and 23 left-onset) and 25 community dwelling control subjects (CS). Only 11.1% of patients exhibited balance among their hoped-for and feared possible selves versus 28% of CS. More right-onset patients used a promotion strategy whereas more left-onset patients used a prevention strategy. Patients with left-onset PD thought more about their feared selves, exhibiting reduced goal-directed behavior. Findings among the left-onset group indicate relative dependence of self-regulation on right-sided avoidance brain systems. This may point to an inability to move away from negative outcomes and to work towards rewarding outcomes, which could affect psychological health.
Cytological and Molecular Analyses of Genetic Variation in Psathyrostachys juncea

Psathyrostachys juncea is a potential source of a number of useful genes for wheat improvement, including barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV)resistance, salt tolerance, drought tolerance.Individuals in different accessions of Russian wildrye(Psathyrostachys juncea)collected from different geographical regions were analyzed with C-banding, isozyme and RAPD techniques. C-banding polymorphisms were observed at all levels, i. e. , within some homologous chromosome pairs, among different individuals in the same accession, between different accessions of the same geographic area, and among accessions of different origins. Ten enzymes revealed 14 putative and scorable loci, of which 11 showed poly-morphisms(on average, 66. 2% loci polymorphisms and 2. 6 alleles per locus). A large amount of allelic diversity occurred at most polymorphic loci. Approximately 90% of the allelic diversity existed within accessions. Under the optimized condition, 55. 5% of the 200 tested primers produced polymorphic RAPDs among accessions. 55. 7% and 47. 8% of the amplified fragments are polymorphic within and among accessions, respectively. The results from C-banding, isozymes and RAPD were highly corroborated and provided the pattern of genetic variation in Russain wildrye.
Journalism is dead! Long live journalism?: why democratic societies will need to subsidise future news production

The topic of this essay is something I do not consider controversial, yet I am still astounded that it is not more widely embraced by communication scholars, by all scholars, by journalists, by eve...
Corneal Ectasia: Management of Corneal Ectasia After LASIK with Dovetail Femtosecond Penetrating Keratoplasty

A prudent surgeon will not only understand how to screen for patients that are at a high risk for developing corneal ectasia but also understand how it is treated if it develops.
Proposal to Detect and Characterize Coherent Vibrational Energy Transport in Alpha-Helical Protein Segments

We propose an experiment designed to create and later detect a localized packet of vibrational energy (“soliton”) which has moved through a protein alpha helix. The central idea is to produce a hot electronic excited state, couple part of the energy to vibrational modes of the helix, and probe for a hot ground state of a remote chromophore. The design uses visible and near- UV pump and probe light so that the beginning and end points of the soliton’s flight can be determined. The feasibility of the experiment, as well as some of the theoretical problems is poses, and plans being made to perform it, will be discussed. Subpicosecond techniques will be required because we expect coherent motion of the packet over only small distances (up to a few tens of nm). Its speed of propagation is limited to about 1.7 nm/ps (1).
And the survey said.... evaluating rationale for participation in gun buybacks as a tool to encourage higher yields

Abstract Background Gun buyback programs represent one arm of a multipronged approach to raise awareness and education about gun safety. Methods The city of Worcester, MA has conducted an annual gun buyback at the Police Department Headquarters since 2002. We analyzed survey responses from a voluntary, 18-question, face-to-face structured interview from December 2009 to June 2015 using descriptive statistics to determine participant demographics and motivations for participation. Results A total of 943 guns were collected, and 273 individuals completed surveys. The majority of participants were white males older than 55years (42.4%). Participants represented 61 zip codes across Worcester County, with 68% having prior gun safety training and 61% with weapons remaining in the home (27% of which children could potentially access). The top reasons for turning in guns were "no longer needed" (48%) and "fear of children accessing the gun" (14%). About 1 in 3 respondents knew someone injured/killed by gun violence. Almost all (96%) respondents claimed the program raised community awareness of firearm risk. Conclusion The Worcester Goods for Guns Buyback has collected more than 900 guns between 2009 and 2015. The buyback removes unwanted guns from homes and raises community awareness about firearm safety.
Design of a 12.8-Gb/s InP HBT limiting amplifier with cross-point control for driving a distributed modulator driver

A 12.8-Gb/s InP HBT limiting amplifier for driving a distributed modulator driver has been designed. The limiting amplifier has cross-point and gain-control features. The key block of the amplifier is a cascode emitter-coupled pair with Schottky diode output clamps to achieve the limiting function. The cross-point feature is realized by generating a DC offset current for the emitter-coupled pair. The limiting amplifier was fabricated in a 1.5-/spl mu/m InP HBT process. The measured cross-point control range and rise/fall time are 33% to 83%, 15.8ps/10.4ps respectively.
Experimental determination of three-dimensional cervical joint mobility in the avian neck

Birds have highly mobile necks, but neither the details of how they realize complex poses nor the evolution of this complex musculoskeletal system is well-understood. Most previous work on avian neck function has focused on dorsoventral flexion, with few studies quantifying lateroflexion or axial rotation. Such data are critical for understanding joint function, as musculoskeletal movements incorporate motion around multiple degrees of freedom simultaneously. Here we use biplanar X-rays on wild turkeys to quantify three-dimensional cervical joint range of motion in an avian neck to determine patterns of mobility along the cranial-caudal axis. Range of motion can be generalized to a three-region model: cranial joints are ventroflexed with high axial and lateral mobility, caudal joints are dorsiflexed with little axial rotation but high lateroflexion, and middle joints show varying amounts axial rotation and a low degree of lateroflexion. Nonetheless, variation within and between regions is high. To attain complex poses, substantial axial rotation can occur at joints caudal to the atlas/axis complex and zygapophyseal joints can reduce their overlap almost to osteological disarticulation. Degrees of freedom interact at cervical joints; maximum lateroflexion occurs at different dorsoventral flexion angles at different joints, and axial rotation and lateroflexion are strongly coupled. Further, patterns of joint mobility are strongly predicted by cervical morphology. Birds attain complex neck poses through a combination of mobile intervertebral joints, coupled rotations, and highly flexible zygapophyseal joints. Cranial-caudal patterns of joint mobility are tightly linked to cervical morphology, such that function can be predicted by form. The technique employed here provides a repeatable protocol for studying neck function in a broad array of taxa that will be directly comparable. It also serves as a foundation for future work on the evolution of neck mobility along the line from non-avian theropod dinosaurs to birds.
On Solidarity: Gramsci’s Objectivity as a Corrective to Buber’s I-It

I and Thou sets out a dichotomy of human interactions between the merely objective I-It and the intense intersubjective relationship of the I-Thou, creating a problem of how one is to differentiate the I-It relations that are healthy and natural, and those that are limiting and detrimental. As a corrective to this ambiguity, I posit the principle of solidarity as a relation which retains the personhood of the Other yet still confines it to what Buber calls the I-It “relation”. To do this I will discuss similar attitudes such as sympathy and camaraderie using them to draw out the meaning of solidarity in contradistinction to them, and show how solidarity functions as Gramsci’s Objectivity.
Integration of Trajectories

The most important numerical task in the simulation of continuous-time dynamical systems is the calculation of trajectories.
The Potential Effects of Caffeinated Beverages on Insulin Sensitivity

Caffeinated beverages, most commonly tea and coffee, may have important effects on insulin regulation that may give their consumption an important role among nutritional factors in the development of diseases of glucose and insulin metabolism, such as diabetes and atherosclerotic vascular diseases. These beverages include compounds that may have contradictory effects on insulin and glucose: Caffeine impairs insulin sensitivity, but polyphenolic molecules within tea, coffee, and cocoa augment the effects of insulin. In addition, epidemiologic associations exist between greater consumption of such beverages and lower risk of diabetes. The beneficial effects of such beverages might be enhanced by changing the process of their preparation and substitution of other substances commonly added to caffeinated beverages that impair the effect of insulin, such as sugar or milk.
Estimating densities for sympatric kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) and coyotes (Canis latrans) using noninvasive genetic sampling

Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888) populations in the Great Basin Desert have declined and are of increasing concern for managers. Increasing coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823) abundance and sub...
The Theoretical Ground for Public Relations Practice and Ethics: A Koehnian Analysis

Public relations literature laments the lack of a theoretical base for the practice and ethics of public relations. Drawing primarily upon Koehn (The Ground of Professional Ethics, 1994) and Hutton (Public Relations Review, 1999), this paper proposes such a theoretical ground.The paper adopts Hutton's assertion that "the central organizing theme of public relations theory and practice" is relationships(Hutton, 1999, p. 209). It also relies upon Koehn (1994) to provide a theoretical discussion of the nature of professions, and the ground upon which professional ethics and public trust in the professions are based. It concludes, from a Koehnian perspective, that for public relations to move from the expertise and contractual models of practice into a covenantal model as a profession worthy of public trust, the field must devote itself to a defined human good (relationships), and must be grounded in a public pledge to serve this good.
Within 3 Hours, 97 Percent Learn about 9/11 Attacks:

This news diffusion study showed that 44 percent of the college students surveyed learned of the Sept. 11 attacks from television and radio and 48 percent from another person. Only two percent of respondents found out about the attacks from the Internet.
Red Famine. Stalin’s War on Ukraine

Anne Applebaum has followed in the shoes of Robert Conquest, who wrote The Harvest of Sorrow 32 years ago when there was no access to Soviet archives on Joseph Stalin’s USSR. Applebaum’s book on th...
State Governments as Financiers of Technology Startups: Effects on New Venture Performance

U.S. state governments are active financiers of entrepreneurial firms, particularly in science and technology industries. Despite large-scale policy experimentation, little is known about the effec...
Methamphetamine Self-Administration Elicits Sex-Related Changes in Postsynaptic Glutamate Transmission in the Prefrontal Cortex

Preclinical and clinical research has shown that females are more vulnerable to the rewarding effects of stimulants, and it has been proposed that estrogens may play a role in this enhanced sensitivity; however sex differences in methamphetamine (METH)-induced neuroplasticity have not been explored. To address this gap in knowledge, we recorded from the prelimbic area of the prefrontal cortex (PL-PFC) of male and female rats following long access METH self-administration (SA) and investigated the resulting long-term synaptic neuroadaptations. Males and females took similar amounts of METH during SA; however, female rats exhibit significant synaptic baseline differences when compared to males. Furthermore, females exhibited a significant increase in evoked excitatory currents. This increase in evoked glutamate was correlated with increases in NMDA currents and was not affected by application of a GluN2B selective blocker. We propose that METH SA selectively upregulates GluN2B-lacking NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in the PFC of female rats. Our results may provide a mechanistic explanation for the sex differences reported for METH addiction in females.
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Functions of N-halamine Dental Unit Waterline Tubing for One Year

Objectives The objective of this study was to test the biofilm-controlling properties of N-halamine antimicrobial dental unit waterline (DUWL) tubing (T) tubing, without recharging over one year, compared to a control line (C). Methods A simulated clinical model was used to pump ultrapure water through T and C lines at a rate of 1.4 mL/min, five minutes on, 15 minutes off, eight hours/day, five days a week. Samples of source water, effluent from T and C, and from the stagnant water in the carboy (liquid container) after bench work was completed (S2), were collected aseptically, serially diluted, and cultured on R2A agar for seven days every six weeks. SEM images of the inside surfaces of detached tubing sections were also taken. The carboy was rinsed with a 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite after six months. Means of log transformed CFU values obtained in triplicate were paired by T and C lines across months for comparison by paired Student's t-tests. Results An increase in effluent and carboy bacterial counts were noted after six months, but decreased after bleach rinse of the carboy. No significant difference (p > 0.25) between T and C lines were observed; similarly, T and carboy were not significantly different (p > 0.30). SEM images showed biofilm attachment on the inside surface of C after two months, but not on T. Organisms identified in the effluent reflected those in the source carboy. Conclusions No biofilm attachment was detected on the N-halamine test line after 12 months, indicating its antimicrobial properties were retained. Further evaluation is recommended to determine the optimal recharge interval for N-halamine DUWL tubing when ultrapure source water is used.
Transcriptional Regulation and Mechanism of SigN (ZpdN), a pBS32-Encoded Sigma Factor in Bacillus subtilis.

ABSTRACT Laboratory strains of Bacillus subtilis encode many alternative sigma factors, each dedicated to expressing a unique regulon such as those involved in stress resistance, sporulation, and motility. The ancestral strain of B. subtilis also encodes an additional sigma factor homolog, ZpdN, not found in lab strains due to being encoded on the large, low-copy-number plasmid pBS32, which was lost during domestication. DNA damage triggers pBS32 hyperreplication and cell death in a manner that depends on ZpdN, but how ZpdN mediates these effects is unknown. Here, we show that ZpdN is a bona fide sigma factor that can direct RNA polymerase to transcribe ZpdN-dependent genes, and we rename ZpdN SigN accordingly. Rend-seq (end-enriched transcriptome sequencing) analysis was used to determine the SigN regulon on pBS32, and the 5′ ends of transcripts were used to predict the SigN consensus sequence. Finally, we characterize the regulation of SigN itself and show that it is transcribed by at least three promoters: PsigN1, a strong SigA-dependent LexA-repressed promoter; PsigN2, a weak SigA-dependent constitutive promoter; and PsigN3, a SigN-dependent promoter. Thus, in response to DNA damage SigN is derepressed and then experiences positive feedback. How cells die in a pBS32-dependent manner remains unknown, but we predict that death is the product of expressing one or more genes in the SigN regulon. IMPORTANCE Sigma factors are utilized by bacteria to control and regulate gene expression. Some sigma factors are activated during times of stress to ensure the survival of the bacterium. Here, we report the presence of a sigma factor that is encoded on a plasmid that leads to cellular death after DNA damage.
A novel biparametric magnetic resonance imaging sequence provides a more efficient and similarly efficacious method of risk stratifying men clinically suspected of having prostate cancer.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for men suspected of having prostate cancer has become the standard of care. This is supported by the publication of high-quality data that it reduces the need for prostate biopsy and the diagnosis of clinically insignificant cancers, while increasing the diagnosis of clinically significant cancers (1-3).
The Role of Neighborhood Experiences in Psychological Distress Among African American and White Smokers

Residential area characteristics and discrimination have been associated with psychological distress. Differences in these relationships across racial groups are not well understood. We examined the relative role of perceived discrimination, neighborhood problems, and neighborhood cohesion/trust in explaining differences in psychological distress (indicated by anxiety and depressive symptoms) between 224 African American and 225 white smokers (income ≤ 400% federal poverty level) in a smoking cessation intervention study. Surveys were linked to US census tract data. We conducted random intercept Poisson multilevel regression models and examined interactions between race and neighborhood experiences. African Americans had greater risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms and greater individual and neighborhood disadvantage than whites. Controlling for objective neighborhood characteristics, when perceived discrimination and perceived neighborhood characteristics were added to the regression models, the association between anxiety symptoms and race were no longer statistically significant; the association between depressive symptoms and race decreased, but remained statistically significant. Lower neighborhood social cohesion/trust and greater neighborhood problems increased depressive symptoms for African Americans, but not for whites. Perceived discrimination and neighborhood social cohesion/trust outweighed the importance of race in explaining anxiety symptoms. These findings underscore the need for multilevel interventions addressing social and environmental contexts.
The Association Between an Antecedent of Transient Ischemic Attack Prior to Onset of Stroke and Functional Ambulatory Outcome

Background:Specific clinical risk factors linked to transient ischemic attack (TIA) could affect functional ambulatory outcome following thrombolytic therapy in patients having ischemic stroke with...
The cutaneous and intestinal microbiome in psoriatic disease

Psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of multifactorial etiology. In addition to genetic and environmental factors, evidence supports involvement of a dysregulated human microbiome in the pathogenesis of psoriatic disease. In particular, alterations in the composition of the microbiome, termed dysbiosis, can result in downstream proinflammatory effects in the gut, skin, and joints. Both the cutaneous and intestinal microbial populations are implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriatic disease, although exact mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we review the relationship between the human microbiome and psoriatic disease. Further insight into the functions of the microbiome may allow for greater understanding of inflammatory disease processes and identification of additional therapeutic targets.
Performing Cultural Memory Through Preaching

What comes to your mind when you see and hear the word preaching? Does the word conjure for you images of one person talking from a pulpit to many persons who are sitting down listening inside a ch...
Abstract 13290: Variation in Coding for Major Cardiac Diagnoses and Procedures in Cardiac Research Using the National Inpatient Sample

Introduction: Code selection is crucial to the accuracy and reproducibility of studies using administrative data, however a comprehensive assessment of coding trends for major cardiac diagnoses and...
Positive and negative uses of social media among adolescents hospitalized for suicidal behavior.

Abstract (248 words) Introduction There is public concern about potential associations between adolescent social media/smartphone use and risk for suicide. However, no prior studies leverage qualitative methods to explore the experiences of adolescents currently at-risk for suicide. Methods This study examined social technology use from the perspectives of adolescents (n = 30; Mage = 16.1 years) currently hospitalized for a recent suicide attempt or severe ideation. We conducted in-depth interviews and coded transcripts using thematic analysis. We had three research questions: What (1) negative and (2) positive experiences do suicidal adolescents report related to their use of social media/smartphones? (3) How do adolescents describe their disconnection from these technologies use during inpatient hospitalization and views on a subsequent return to digital connectivity after discharge? Results and conclusions Results reveal both positive and negative social technology uses, with most participants reporting mixed (positive and negative) experiences. Negatives/risks included trouble regulating use, stress related to social media metrics, encounters with “triggering” content, hostility and meanness, self-denigrating comparisons, and burdensome friendship expectations. Positives/benefits included social connection, social support, affect-enhancing content, shared interests, and resources for mental health and coping. Overall, the documented risks and benefits of social technology use correspond with established (offline) risk and protective factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Participants generally valued the break from social technologies during hospitalization, and also viewed them as integral to social re-entry and identified related concerns. Future studies should test well-being focused ‘digital hygiene’ interventions for maximizing potential benefits and minimizing potential harms of social technologies for at-risk adolescents.
A Black Tetratic Future: Blackness and the Age of Hyper-Exponentiation (Hyper-4)

Philip Butler explores the unexcavated era of tetration through an imagination of its relationship to Black people. He posits the era of tetration as the era expected to follow the age defined by Ray Kurzweill as the age of exponential growth. Butler describes this era as the convergence of tetratic thinking and tetratic technology. This chapter begins by exploring and defining tetration via its mathematical framing to arrive at this speculative futuristic period of existence. Next, there is an outline of the parameters for tetratic thinking along with tetratic technology. From there, it imagines their convergence within the bounds of materiality. Here, Butler seeks to situate itself within Black futurist frameworks, speculating beyond current notions of mainstream futuristic realities.
Neuroimaging genetic associations between SEMA6D, brain structure, and reading skills.

Specific reading disability (SRD) is defined by genetic and neural risk factors that are not fully understood. The current study used imaging genetics methodology to investigate relationships betwe...
The scaled normalized lattice digital filter

It is shown that the minimum-noise lattice filter can be obtained from the normalized lattice filter by applying the modified scaling method. It is concluded that the minimum noise lattice filter can also be referred to as the l/sub 2/ scaled normalized lattice filter. A review of the scaling method using state variables is provided. >
Ambient noise in shallow water: a literature review

Reviews the literature since 1962 on underwater ambient noise. Particular attention is paid to those factors which influence noise levels and directionality in shallow water. Infrasonic noise, seismic noise in the sea bed, ship generated noise, and wind generated noise are considered. Noises of biological origin are acknowledged but not described in detail. The importance of understanding sound propagation phenomena, including bottom interaction and of modelling is discussed. Suggestions for future research on shallow water noise are offered
THE VALIDITY OF PH AND PCO2 MEASUREMENTS IN CAPILLARY SAMPLES IN SICK AND HEALTHY NEWBORN INFANTS.

This study has demonstrated that in healthy newborn infants over 3 hours of age, pH aIld Pco2 of "arterialized" capillary samples reflect closely the values of arterial blood. Prior to this age and in infants with impaired cardiopulmonary function the agreement between samples from the two sources is less satisfactory. In these infants only limited conclusions regarding acid-base state and alveolar ventilation can be drawn from capillary blood pH and Pco2. The metabolic component of acid-base disturbances can be assessed with a fair degree of accuracy even if the capillary sample is "venous" in character.
Token-controlled public key encryption in the standard model

In many financial or legal scenarios (such as trading stocks, wills and safe-deposit boxes), we want to ensure that a certain task (reading the buy/sell instruction, obtaining the property, or opening the box in emergencies respectively) cannot be performed until a certain time or a certain pre-defined condition occurs. Token-controlled public key encryption (TCE), introduced in [2], is a handy tool for these situations. Roughly speaking, messages are encrypted by a public key together with a secret token in TCE, such that the receiver holding the corresponding private key cannot decrypt until the token is released. TCE is also useful in rapid distribution of information and sealed-bid auctions, etc. In Financial Cryptography 2006, Galindo and Herranz [15] proposed a generic construction of TCE in the random oracle model. However, we show that it is insecure against insider attack, namely, a malicious user without the token can learn partial information about the message. We propose a strengthened definition of security, and also new privacy requirements. It turns out that [15] is also insecure against outsider attack in our new definition. We then give a new generic construction provably secure in the standard model, which is nearly as efficient as a standard public key encryption scheme.
Few Body Hypernuclear Systems: Weak Decays

The experimental and theoretical situation regarding mesonic and non-mesonic decays of light hypernuclei is reviewed. Although some models give reasonable results for pionic decays as well as the total weak decay rate, no existing approach explains, even qualitatively, the observed spin-isospin dependence of ΛN → NN non-mesonic weak decays.
The Role of Occam‘s Razor in Knowledge Discovery

Many KDD systems incorporate an implicit or explicit preference for simpler models, but this use of “Occam‘s razor” has been strongly criticized by several authors (e.g., Schaffer, 1993s Webb, 1996). This controversy arises partly because Occam‘s razor has been interpreted in two quite different ways. The first interpretation (simplicity is a goal in itself) is essentially correct, but is at heart a preference for more comprehensible models. The second interpretation (simplicity leads to greater accuracy) is much more problematic. A critical review of the theoretical arguments for and against it shows that it is unfounded as a universal principle, and demonstrably false. A review of empirical evidence shows that it also fails as a practical heuristic. This article argues that its continued use in KDD risks causing significant opportunities to be missed, and should therefore be restricted to the comparatively few applications where it is appropriate. The article proposes and reviews the use of domain constraints as an alternative for avoiding overfitting, and examines possible methods for handling the accuracy–comprehensibility trade-off.
On modernist social sciences’ understanding of poverty and the role of poverty experts in the “conduct of conduct” of human subjects: a critique

The purpose of my paper is to show that modernist social sciences have been directly involved in the construction and reproduction of poverty, and in the "conduct of conduct" of the scientifically labeled poor or the produced and reproduced "object" of poverty experts.
Application of indicator dilution theory to time-density curves obtained from dynamic contrast images

Typically, indicator dilution theory is applied to time- density curves acquired from dynamic contrast images, including x-ray planar and fast CT, for determination of blood circulation parameters. The original theory developed by Zierler and now applied to image curves assumes that the time- density curves are flow-sampled, i.e. each particle of indicator is counted for a time proportional to its velocity so that particles traveling within streamlines with higher or lower flow contribute equally to the measured concentration. However, curves obtained from images are instead cross- sectionally sampled, i.e, each indicator particle is counted for a time proportional to its residence time within the ROI, (inversely proportional to its velocity), so that particles traveling within low flow streamlines contribute relatively more to the measured concentration than do particles within higher flow streamlines. We illustrate some of the potential pitfalls encountered when applying the conventional theory directly to image curves and propose a strategy for accounting for the cross-sectional error in the transit time estimate. The correction method was applied to a known simulated network system for verification and illustration of its usefulness. Finally, to illustrate its applicability, the method was implemented on experimental image curves obtained from a microfocal x-ray imaging system.
Embryology, sternal clefts, ectopia cordis, and Cantrell's pentalogy

Sternal clefts, ectopia cordis, and Cantrell's pentalogy continue to be very rare congenital anomalies in pediatric surgery. Unfortunately, these conditions present as neonatal emergencies and demand early surgical intervention. This article reviews the embryological development of the chest wall, specific sternal defect anomalies, along with available methods of treatment.
RIM4 encodes a meiotic activator required for early events of meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

RIM4 was previously found to be required for both the IME1- and IME2-dependent pathways of meiotic gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We now demonstrate that RIM4 is also required for meiotic division and recombination. Furthermore, rim4 Δ mutants show defects in premeiotic DNA synthesis, which can be suppressed by deletion of the SIC1 gene, which encodes a Cdk inhibitor. Expression of RIM4 is induced early in meiosis, and is dependent on IME1 but not IME2. Indeed, RIM4 itself is essential for the meiotic expression of IME2. These results suggest that RIM4 is epistatic to IME2, and is required for multiple steps during sporulation. In agreement with this interpretation, overexpression of RIM4 induces low levels of sporulation in rich medium.
Angiotensin I converting enzyme (kininase II) in isolated retinal microvessels

Abstract Swine retinae were homogenized and fractions enriched in retinal microvasculature were prepared by techniques of selective sieving and centrifugation. The identity and purity of the preparations were investigated by phase contrast and electron microscopy. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (kininase II) was concentrated in the retinal microvessels. Metabolism of angiotensins and kinins in localized sites of the vasculature may contribute to local regulation of blood flow.
Thermodynamics of liquid Ag-Au and Au-Cu alloys and the question of strain energy in solid solutions

Abstract The experimental details and the results of a galvanic cell investigation of the thermodynamics of liquid gold-copper and solid and liquid silver-gold solutions are described. The heats of solution are compared with the predictions of several theories. The concept of strain energy in a solid solution is discussed and the suggestion of Lumsden and of Wagner that Δ( ΔH ) is a measure of misfit energy is supported by the present results and by arguments from the calculations of H. Jones. Elasticity-theory calculations are discussed and misfit energy in a solid solution is defined as the energy change caused by the imposition of a lattice on a liquid solution; only the portion of the misfit energy arising beyond a certain radius about a solute atom is properly termed strain energy.