cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality and Work Force Management: From Manufacturing Managers' Perspective

Abstract This article examines the work force management practices appropriate for quality management. The hypotheses positing the role of work force management practices in implementing and managing quality are developed and tested using data from 384 individuals in 98 manufacturing plants in the U.S. The results indicate that the relationship-oriented practices—team building, supporting, mentoring, inspiring, recognizing—seem to play an important role in manufacturing settings characterized by a high emphasis on quality. These practices seemingly motivate workers to manufacture products that are accurate, consistent, durable, and reliable. Furthermore, workers are entrusted with the traditional responsibilities of manufacturing managers, such as planning and problem solving.
Temperature Sensitivities of Proteinase Negative Variants of Lactic Streptococci

Performance of 2 and 8% inocula of proteinase positive and proteinase negative lactic cultures were studied in reconstituted nonfat dry milk at 32 to 42°C. Proteinase-positive organisms doubled more rapidly and produced more lactic acid per cell at all temperatures. With increased inoculum, however, the proteinase negative cells collectively produced more acid at higher temperatures, thus making them usable at high cheese-making temperatures.
Pediatric trauma patient alcohol screening: a 3 year review of screening at a Level I pediatric trauma center using the CRAFFT tool.

Abstract Introduction Alcohol use is a risk factor for adult trauma. Alcohol may significantly influence pediatric trauma risk, but literature is sparse. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of alcohol use screening in pediatric trauma patients. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all trauma patients to identify those undergoing CRAFFT alcohol screening assessment between July 1, 2009, and January 31, 2011. Inclusion criteria involved screening of level 1 or 2 trauma activations for patients greater than 12years. Results During the study period, 232 patients were eligible for screening, of which 51% (n=118) were screened. Among the patients screened, 21 (18%) had a positive screen (mean age 14.6years, range 13–16). Twenty patients were referred for further counseling. Sixteen males and 5 females screened positive during the study. The most common mechanism of injury in the positive screen patients was motor vehicle or ATV accident (n=9), followed by assault (n=6), and motor versus pedestrian collision (n=2). Of the 21 patients who screened positive, 10 had positive blood alcohol content (BAC) or urine drug screen (UDS) at the time of injury. No patients with a positive screen returned during the study as a trauma patient. Conclusion Alcohol and drug screening for injured pediatric trauma patients is frequently omitted despite policy-required screening. Of those patients screened, 18% admitted to risky alcohol or drug-related behaviors or had positive BAL or UDS at presentation. Pediatric trauma screening for risky alcohol use identifies a significant number of children. Alcohol and drug screening in pediatric trauma appears over age 13 years to have a yield which justifies continued screening. Alcohol related trauma recidivism, however, does not seem common.
Formation of stable titanium germanosilicide thin films on Si1−xGex

The sequential deposition of strained Si1−xGex with concentrations x=0.20 and 0.30, amorphous silicon, and titanium on Si (100) after annealing at 700°C leads to the formation of a C54 Ti(Si1−yGey)2∕Si1−xGex bilayer, the phase formation and interface stability of which are studied. The use of an amorphous layer of Si is employed to eliminate or decrease the formation of germanium-rich Si1−zGez alloy precipitates found in the solid-phase reaction of Ti and Si1−xGex. It has been proposed that the precipitation phenomenon was driven by differences in the enthalpy of formation as a function of concentration in the Ti(Si1−yGey)2 layer, resulting from the enthalpy difference between TiSi2 and TiGe2 compounds, both of which are assumed to be completely miscible with one another. Layers of amorphous silicon of varying thicknesses were incorporated between a 300-A Ti layer and the strained Si1−xGex substrate layer to achieve Ti(Si1−yGey)2 films that are in equilibrium with the Si1−xGex substrate. The use of amorph...
Third World Citizens and the Information Technology Revolution

Nivien Saleh New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, 273 pp. Nivien Saleh has written an important book on an understudied yet significant topic in comparative politics and international relations. Her...
Diazotroph community structure and abundance in wheat–fallow and wheat–pea crop rotations

Abstract Biological input of nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere by free-living diazotrophs can help alleviate fertilizer use in agricultural systems. In this study, we investigated the effect of N fertilizer and winter pea ( Pisum sativum L.) crop on the community structure and abundance of free-living diazotrophs in a two year study of dryland winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) no-till production system in Eastern Oregon, USA. Based on quantification of the nifH gene, diazotroph abundance was strongly influenced by plant species and the crop year in which the soil samples were collected. A greater amount of nifH copies was recovered in 2012 compared to 2011 either as copies per gram soil or normalized to the abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The quantity of genes was greater under pea than wheat in 2012 although no difference was observed in the preceding year. The nifH gene abundance was positively correlated to ammonium concentration in 2011 and bacterial abundance in 2012. Nitrogen application did not influence diazotroph abundance in the top 0–5 cm; however the abundance was reduced by application at the lower 5–10 cm depth under wheat crop. The diazotroph community structure appeared to be influenced more by N fertilization rather than plant species with the exception of wheat in 2012. Changes in the community structure over the two years were greater for fertilized than unfertilized soil. Collectively, these data suggest that year-to-year variability had a greater influence on diazotroph communities rather than specific parameters of plant species, fertilization, total N, total organic C, or soil pH. Multi-year studies are necessary to define the specific drivers of diazotroph abundance, community structure and function.
The CO/H2 reaction on Rh/Al2O3II. Kinetic study by transient isotopic methods

Abstract Transient isotopic methods have been used to study the CO H 2 reaction over 5% Rh Al 2 O 3 in the temperature range 180–260 °C. The steady-state tracing method permits the determination of the surface coverage of CO and active carbon Cα during reaction, without the need for quenching in helium and subsequent titration by hydrogen. The results confirm that the sequence of steps for methane formation passes through a small reservoir of active carbon (θcα
Planting Flags on the Tide: Sovereignty, Containment, and Conflict Resolution in the East and South China Seas

The rise of China’s economic and military power is transforming global politics while U.S. strategic interests are re-balancing toward Asia. Meanwhile, tensions over maritime boundaries and island claims within the region are punctuated by police and military stand-offs in the East and South China Seas. This paper considers the discourse surrounding the dispute over sovereignty in the South China Sea. It also examines the roles international law, multilateralism, and traditional diplomacy play in the conflict, and how it serves as a test case for China’s future diplomacy and traditional norms of non-interference and a peaceful rise. Finally, the paper suggests pathways toward conflict resolution of the immediate disputes, including de-territorialized and de-nationalized ideas of possession when it applies to contested yet uninhabited maritime frontiers.
Predicting market behavior: Are psychographics really better?

Research efforts exploring the benefits of life style variables over the more traditional market descriptors have for the most part ignored the question of prediction. If, as has been suggested, psychographics offer the researcher all of the advantages of demographic description combined with the richness and dimensionality of psychological characteristics and depth research, then they should prove to be superior predictors of market behavior. This research examines the predictive ability of life style variables in comparison to more traditional predictor variables in a service market. Using a random example of 1000 applicants for selected bank services, a psychographic profile was constructed through factor analysis. Psychographic, demographic, and combined models were developed with discriminant analysis to predict patterns of bank credit card usage. Results show life style variables to be excellent predictors of user patterns, superior to demographic variables.
The Poor Performance of RSR′ Pattern on Electrocardiogram Lead V1 for Detection of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects in Children

Objective To assess the accuracy of RSR′ patterns in lead V1 (RSR′-V1) in diagnosing atrial septal defects (ASDs) in children. Study design Children who underwent an electrocardiogram (ECG) during 2010 were divided into 2 ECG groups: RSR′-V1 and normal (no RSR′-V1). Children who underwent an echocardiogram during 2010 were also divided into an ASD group and a normal echocardiogram group. The 4 groups were matched in a 2 × 2 table format where the RSR′-V1 was the "test" and ASD was the "disease." Sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, and pre/post-test probabilities were calculated. Results There were 4658 ECG studies included in the analysis: 836 had RSR′-V1 and 3822 were normal without RSR′-V1. Of 4935 echocardiographic studies analyzed, 329 had an ASD and 4606 were normal; 1363 patients had both studies done during the study period. The ECG sensitivity for diagnosing an ASD was 36.1%, specificity was 80%, positive predictive value was 14.7%, and negative predictive value was 92.9% with an overall accuracy of 76.2%. Patients with ASD and RSR′-V1 were significantly older than patients with ASD and no RSR′-V1 pattern. Conclusion RSR′-V1 is a poor screening test for the detection of ASD. It should not change the clinical suspicion or the decision to obtain an echocardiogram. Older children without RSR′-V1 on ECG are unlikely to have an ASD.
Estimating sonic gas flow rates in pipelines

This paper presents a detailed review and analysis of sonic gas flow in pipelines, adding considerably more detail to the analysis, particularly for long pipelines. Our results show that (1) the mass flow rate is asymptotic as the velocity head pipe loss increases (2) the asymptotic value is identical for both adiabatic and isothermal conditions and (3) a maximum is found in the gas flow, although this maximum is near the asymptotic value. A graphical method for isothermal flows and a simple, shortcut formula is presented using asymptotic analysis which accurately estimates gas flow rates in long pipelines under both adiabatic and isothermal conditions. Process safety applications are provided.
Deformation microstructure under microindents in single-crystal Cu using three-dimensional x-ray structural microscopy

The use of three-dimensional x-ray structural microscopy for nondestructive investigations of the deformation microstructure under microindents was demonstrated. Point to point, micrometer-resolution x-ray microbeam measurements of local lattice rotations were made for selected positions under 100-mN Berkovich and conical indents in single-crystal copper. Local lattice orientation measurements were used to extract micrometer by micrometer lattice misorientations and rotation axes along x-ray microbeams. Measurements of the deformation microstructure in symmetry and off-symmetry geometries are reported and discussed in terms of their potential for fundamental deformation investigations.
Uracil: Failure To Restore DNA Synthesis While Relieving 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Inhibition

Growth inhibition of Bacillus cereus by 5-fluorouracil is abolished by the addition of uracil without the inhibition of DNA synthesis being relieved. The growth rate, protein, and RNA content of cells grown in the presence of 5-fluorouracil and uracil are unaffected until the cells contain only about 25 percent of their normal DNA content.
Reproducibility of repeated measures of deuterium substituted [11C]L-deprenyl ([11C]L-deprenyl-D2) binding in the human brain

The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of repeated positron emission tomography (PET) measures of brain monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) using deuterium-substituted [11C]L-deprenyl ([11C]L-deprenyl-D2) in normal subjects and to validate the method used for estimating the kinetic constants from the irreversible 3-compartment model applied to the tracer binding. Five normal healthy subjects (age range 23–73 years) each received two PET scans with [11C]L-deprenyl-D2. The time interval between scans was 7–27 days. Time-activity data from eight regions of interest and an arterial plasma input function was used to calculate λk3, a model term proportional to MAO B, and K1, the plasma to brain transfer constant that is related to blood flow. Linear (LIN) and nonlinear least-squares (NLLSQ) estimation methods were used to calculate the optimum model constants. A comparison of time-activity curves for scan 1 and scan 2 showed that the percent of change for peak uptake varied from −18.5 to 15.0% and that increases and decreases in uptake on scan 2 were associated with increases and decreases in the value of the arterial input of the tracer. Calculation of λk3 showed a difference between scan 1 and scan 2 in the global value ranging between −6.97 and 4.5% (average −2.1 ± 4.7%). The average percent change for eight brain regions for the five subjects was −2.84 ± 7.07%. Values of λk3 for scan 1 and scan 2 were highly correlated (r2 = 0.98; p < 0.0001; slope 0.955). Similarly, values of K1 showed a significant correlation between scan 1 and scan 2 (r2 = 0.61; p < 0.0001; slope 0.638) though the values for scan 2 were generally lower than those of scan 1. There was essentially no difference between the values of model constants calculated using the NLLSQ or LIN methods. Regional brain uptake of [11C]L-deprenyl-D2 varied between scan 1 and scan 2, driven by the differences in arterial tracer input. Application of a 3-compartment model to regional time-activity data and arterial input function yielded λk3 values for scan 1 and scan 2 with an average difference of −2.84 ± 7.07%. Linear regression applied to values of λk3 from the LIN and NLLSQ methods validated the use of the linear method for calculating λk3.
Selection in vitro of an RNA enzyme that specifically cleaves single-stranded DNA

The discovery of RNA enzymes has, for the first time, provided a single molecule that has both genetic and catalytic properties. We have devised techniques for the mutation, selection and amplification of catalytic RNA, all of which can be performed rapidly in vitro. Here we describe how these techniques can be integrated and performed repeatedly within a single reaction vessel. This allows evolution experiments to be carried out in response to artificially imposed selection constraints. We worked with the Tetrahymena ribozyme, a self-splicing group I intron derived from the large ribosomal RNA precursor of Tetrahymena thermophila that catalyses sequence-specific phosphoester transfer reactions involving RNA substrates. It consists of 413 nucleotides, and assumes a well-defined secondary and tertiary structure responsible for its catalytic activity. We selected for variant forms of the enzyme that could best react with a DNA substrate. This led to the recovery of a mutant form of the enzyme that cleaves DNA more efficiently than the wild-type enzyme. The selected molecule represents the discovery of the first RNA enzyme known to cleave single-stranded DNA specifically.
61: Fetal reprogramming by intra-placental gene transfer of insulin-like growth factor-1 (Ad-IGF-1) in a new mouse model of placental insufficiency (PI)

therapy, 2006, 8:315). Adaptations of previously published multistep protocols (Portmann-Lanz et al, AJOG 2010; 202: 294 e1-11; Fu et al, Acta Neurobiol Exp 2007; 67: 367; Zhang et al, Differentiation 2010; 79: 15) were used to produce neural progenitors, the so-called neurospheres. Analysis of neural differentiation markers was performed by real-time PCR, FACS and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Isolated umbilical cord Whartons jelly cells were plastic adherent and highly positive for CD105, CD73, CD90, but negative for CD45, CD34, CD14, CD19 and HLA-DR, independent of gestational age. A subset of Whartons jelly cells displayed the neural progenitor cell markers Nestin and Musashi-1, and the mature neural markers MAP-2, GFAP and MBP at protein and mRNA levels before any differentiation. Pre-induction into neural precursors resulted in the formation of cell clusters growing in suspension (neurospheres) and in the increased protein and gene expression of Nestin and Musashi-1. CONCLUSION: Whartons jelly cells meet the criteria for the phenotypic characterization of MSC, independent of gestational age. Expression of markers specific for immature and mature neural cells in undifferentiated Whartons jelly-derived MSC, as well as their successful induction into neural progenitor cells, shows the potential of these cells for neural differentiation and their possible future use in the treatment of neurological diseases. Supported by Cryo-Save Switzerland.
NF-κB: A pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control

Le NF-kB est un mediateur pleiotropique du controle des genes inductibles et tissu-specifiques. Cette revue indique comment intervient le NF-kB et quels sont les systemes dans lesquels il joue un role, tels que les messages intracellulaires, l'activation des cellules C, la regulation de la cytokinine, ou encore l'utilisation par les virus
Optimal antenna beamwidth for stripmap SAR

The classical rule-of-thumb for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is that a uniformly illuminated antenna aperture may allow continuous stripmap imaging to a resolution of half its azimuth dimension. This is applied to classical line-by-line processing as well as mosaicked image patches, that is, a stripmap formed from mosaicked spotlight images; often the more efficient technique often used in real-time systems. However, as with all rules-of-thumb, a close inspection reveals some flaws. In particular, with mosaicked patches there is significant Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) degradation at the edges of the patches due to antenna beam roll-off. We present in this paper a calculation for the optimum antenna beamwidth as a function of resolution that maximizes SNR at patch edges. This leads to a wider desired beamwidth than the classical calculation.
Synaptic connections between pars compacta and pars reticulata neurones: electrophysiological evidence for functional modules within the substantia nigra

Intracellular recordings were performed in vitro from both pars compacta and pars reticulata neurones of the substantia nigra, and their postsynaptic responses to electrical stimulation within the nucleus were analysed. Intracellular staining by biocytin was used to reveal the morphology and location of the recorded neurone and its position and distance to the stimulating electrode. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in pars compacta neurones were evoked exclusively from a specific region of stimulation within the pars reticulata; this field could be mapped out as a cone-shaped region surrounding the apical dendrite of the cell and perpendicular to the plane of the pars compacta. Furthermore, hemitransection, prior to the experiments which eliminated the most likely source of extrinsic inhibition (the GABAergic striatonigral pathway) affected neither the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials nor its topographic pattern during pars reticulata stimulation. In contrast to the response of dopaminergic pars compacta neurones, pars reticulata neurones responded to stimulation over wide areas of substantia nigra, without any clear site-specific selectivity. It is concluded that within the substantia nigra, dopaminergic neurones are arranged in functional modules such that most inhibition is derived from a highly local circuit with the collaterals of adjacent pars reticulata cells. This module is intrinsic to the substantia nigra and may represent the basic functional unit of the nucleus.
Life cycle and production of Skwala parallela (Frison) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) in a Colorado montane stream

The life cycle and production of Skwala parallela, a perlodid stonefly, was investigated in a third-order Colorado montane stream. The species exhibited a univoltine life cycle with a distinct cohort. Small nymphs appeared in May. Rapid growth was exhibited throughout summer and autumn. During winter, growth slowed somewhat but was continuous until April. Maximum density of 34 nymphs/m2 occurred in July. Based upon the instantaneous growth method, annual production was 395.3 mg/m2 or 3.95 kg/ha dry weight with a P/B ratio of 4.4
Hydroxylamine acutely activates glucose uptake in L929 fibroblast cells

Nitroxyl (HNO) has a unique, but varied, set of biological properties including beneficial effects on cardiac contractility and stimulation of glucose uptake by GLUT1. These biological effects are largely initiated by HNO's reaction with cysteine residues of key proteins. The intracellular production of HNO has not yet been demonstrated, but the small molecule, hydroxylamine (HA), has been suggested as possible intracellular source. We examined the effects of this molecule on glucose uptake in L929 fibroblast cells. HA activates glucose uptake from 2 to 5-fold within two minutes. Prior treatment with thiol-active compounds, such as iodoacetamide (IA), cinnamaldehyde (CA), or phenylarsine oxide (PAO) blocks HA-activation of glucose uptake. Incubation of HA with the peroxidase inhibitor, sodium azide, also blocks the stimulatory effects of HA. This suggests that HA is oxidized to HNO by L929 fibroblast cells, which then reacts with cysteine residues to exert its stimulatory effects. The data suggest that GLUT1 is acutely activated in L929 cells by modification of cysteine residues, possibly the formation of a disulfide bond within GLUT1 itself.
Absolute Quantification of the Model Biomarker Prostate-Specific Antigen in Serum by LC-MS/MS Using Protein Cleavage and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

Protein cleavage-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (PC-IDMS) can be used to quantify proteins, with an isotope-labeled analogue of the peptide fragment used as an internal standard. Here, we investigate use of a standard LC−MS/MS platform for quantifying a model biomarker directly from serum by this technique. We synthesized a peptide (IVGGWECEK) identical to the N-terminal tryptic fragment of PSA but with each glycine containing two 13C atoms and one 15N atom. PSA-free human serum was denatured with urea followed by the introduction of PSA standard and the stable isotope labeled internal standard peptide. The sample was then proteolyzed with trypsin and subjected to quantification using LC−MS/MS on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. A linear least squares calibration curve made from five different concentrations of PSA added to serum and digested (each made in triplicate and randomly injected three times) had a mean slope of 0.973 (SE = 0.023), intercept of −0.003 (SE = 0.022), and R2 of 0.971. Reco...
Endosonographic differentiation of benign and malignant stromal cell tumors

Abstract Background: Endosonography (EUS) is a valuable technique for diagnosing gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors. However, EUS features that are predictive of malignancy in these tumors have not been defined. Methods: Videotapes and photographs of EUS examinations performed prior to surgical resection of 35 stromal cell tumors (9 malignant) were blindly reviewed by a single examiner. EUS features associated with malignancy were determined. Interobserver agreement in interpreting these features was then measured among a panel of five expert endosonographers who judged EUS videotapes of 35 resected stromal cell tumors (10 malignant). Results: Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that tumor size (diameter > 4 cm), irregular extraluminal border, echogenic foci, and cystic spaces were independently associated with malignancy in stromal cell tumors ( p Conclusions: Tumor size and certain EUS features are useful for predicting malignancy in stromal cell tumors. Absence of these features indicates benign disease. Agreement among experts in interpreting these EUS features is fair to moderate. (Gastrointest Endosc 1997;45:468-73.)
Neurobiology: Building a bigger brain

An innovative approach to analysing the functions and gene-expression profiles of neural stem cells in developing human and mouse brains sheds light on the differences — and similarities — between the two species. See Letter p.264 The unique intellectual capabilities of humans are widely attributed to the expansion of the human neocortex in comparison to primates and other mammals. Recent reports implicated the elevated proliferative potential of radial glia, a type of neuronal precursor cell than spans the developing cerebral cortex, as a driver for neocortical expansion. Arnold Kriegstein and colleagues take this concept further by identifying evolutionary changes in radial glia gene expression that may have contributed to human neocortical expansion. They find that humans and mice exhibit highly conserved gene expression patterns amongst radial glia except for a few specific signalling pathways. PDGFD and its receptor, PDGFRβ, show distinct expression patterns and profiles in human cortex development that are absent in mice. Disrupting these paths in human brain slice cultures prevents normal cell cycle progression, whereas ectopic activation of these paths in mice enhances radial glia proliferation and dispersion, revealing one critical mechanism specific to human cortical development.
Characterization of a photosystem II reaction center complex isolated by exposure of PSII membranes to a non-ionic detergent and high concentrations of NaCl.

A highly resolved PSII reaction center complex has been prepared by exposure of PSII membranes to the detergent octylglucopyranoside at elevated ionic strengths; oxygen evolution activity is about 1,000 µmoles O2/hr/mg Chl in the presence of CaCl2. A Mn quantitation and a kinetic study of Z, the donor to P680, reveals that on a Chl basis this new preparation shows an almost four-fold enrichment in Mn and the electron transport components of PSII.
Regional and subcellular distribution of adenyl cyclase and 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in brain and pineal gland☆☆☆

Abstract Adenyl cyclase was assayed in vitro by measuring the rate of formation of radioactive cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic 3',5'-AMP) from its 14 C-labeled precursor, adenosine triphosphate, and phosphodiesterase activity was determined from the rate of hydrolysis of cyclic 3',5'-AMP. Studies of the distribution of these two enzymes in various parts of rat brain revealed that, in general, enzyme activity was higher in those areas containing grey matter (cerebral cortex) than in areas consisting predominantly of white matter (pons, medulla, spinal cord). However, there was no correlation between the relative activities of adenyl cyclase and of phosphodiesterase in the various areas of the brain; the greatest discrepancy was found in the cerebellum, corpora quadrigemina and pineal gland where, relative to other brain areas, there was high adenyl cyclase activity compared with that of phosphodiesterase. Moreover, the distribution pattern of adenyl cyclase was different from that of the catecholamine concentration in the brain. Results of differential centrifugation of bovine pineal gland and of rat cerebellar homogenates indicated that most of the adenyl cyclase is particulate, being in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, whereas the majority of the phosphodiesterase is soluble. The sp. act. of the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of pineal adenyl cyclase was about four times that of the whole homogenate. No such increase in specific activity was obtained with cerebellar homogenates. The possibility that an activator of adenyl cyclase is present in soluble supernatant fractions of cerebellar homogenates is discussed.
Influence of Vapour Feed Design on the Flow Distribution Below Packings

Computational fluid dynamics has been applied to investigate the flow field which develops above the vapour feed in packed separation columns. The uniformity of the flow below the packing is assessed by means of the coefficient of variation K p The resulting K p for the standard inlet is input into an empirical correlation depending on the three most important, basically geometrical, dimensionless parameters. Other feed systems including an orifice baffle, the Schoepentoeter and the vapour horn are compared with the standard inlet.
On the Relation Between Hypoglycemia and Anoxemia

ConclusionThe rise in blood pressure occurring during the inhalation of 6.2% oxygen for 3 minutes increases in proportion to the fall of blood sugar obtained after intravenous injection of large doses of insulin in dogs. Intravenous injection of glucose which offsets to a certain extent the hypoglycemia induced by insulin diminishes the blood pressure response to oxygen deficiency.
Outcome and prognostic factors following adjuvant prednisone/vinblastine chemotherapy for high-risk canine mast cell tumour: 61 cases.

The medical records of 61 dogs with MCT at high risk for metastasis that were treated with prednisone and VBL following excision +/- radiation therapy were reviewed, and median disease-free interval (DFI), median overall survival time (OS) and prognostic factors assessed. Adverse effects, mostly mild, were noted in 26% of patients, usually after the first VBL dose. 6.5% experienced severe neutropenia. The DFI was 1305 days, and the OS was not reached, with 65% alive at 3 years. 100% of dogs with "high-risk" grade II MCT were alive at 3 years. The OS for dogs with grade III MCT was 1374 days. Histologic grade, location (mucous membrane vs. skin) and use of prophylactic nodal irradiation predicted outcome. Prednisone and VBL chemotherapy is well tolerated, and results in good outcomes following surgery in dogs with MCT at high risk for metastasis. High-grade and mucocutaneous tumors had a worse outcome, and the use of prophylactic nodal irradiation appeared to improve outcome in this group of dogs.
Effect of prostaglandin on cell membrane permeability and hepatic high-energy stores following hemorrhagic shock

Abstract Infusion of prostaglandin E1 is known to exert a beneficial effect in hemorrhagic shock. It is also known that hemorrhagic shock lowers hepatic stores of high-energy phosphates and that restoration of hepatic ATP is associated with improved organ function and survival. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of infusion of exogenous prostaglandin E1 on (1) hepatic ATP levels and (2) restoration of hepatic ATP-dependent intracellular function. Rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock, resuscitated, and then treated with either prostaglandin E1 or a saline placebo. Ten minutes after the completion of treatment, hepatic ATP levels were significantly higher in prostaglandin-treated animals (1.37 ± 0.43 μmol/g) than in animals receiving the placebo (0.70 ± 0.11 μmol/g). Creatine phosphate levels were also higher in the prostaglandin-treated group (1.59 ± 0.16 μmol/g) than in the placebo-treated group (0.89 ± 0.14 μmol/g). Lactate production ratios, an index of ATP-dependent membrane function, were near the theoretical normal of 100% in unshocked, untreated animals (95 ± 10%). They were significantly reduced (57 ± 10%) in animals receiving only placebo, but were not significantly different from unshocked animals in those receiving prostaglandin E1 following shock (91 ± 10%). It is concluded that prostaglandin infusion improves both hepatic high-energy phosphate levels and ATP-dependent intracellular function following hemorrhagic shock. This might be due to replenishing the purine base, selectively increasing hepatic blood flow, or both.
The thermodynamics of codoping: how does it work?

Abstract Using first-principle total energy calculations, we have studied the energetics of codoping [Katayama-Yoshida, Yamamoto, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 202 (1997) 763.] in II–VI semiconductors. We demonstrate that (i) for Cd-based II-VI materials such as CdTe, the recently proposed codoping method (e.g., 2 acceptors+1 donor) may neither increase the solubility of the desired (p-type) dopants nor improve shallowness of the acceptor level. To increase solubility, one needs to suppress the formation of secondary phases involving the dopant by low-T quasi-equilibrium growth/doping processes. To improve the dopant shallowness, one needs to avoid the interaction between the acceptors using combinations such as (1 double acceptor+1 single donor): for example V Cd 2− +Cl Te + . (ii) We further demonstrate that the recent experimental results on p-type ZnO [Joseph et al., Japan J. Appl. Phys. 38 (1999) L1205.] may have little to do with codoping. Instead, the data on n + -, p- and p + -samples can be consistently understood in terms of increased solubility by incorporating molecular dopants: N 2 O and NO. The NO doping source is present due to plasma decomposition of N 2 O.
A neutron powder diffraction study of short range order in ferroelectric Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/

The structure of Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/ (PMN) was investigated using pulsed neutron powder diffraction. Rietveld analysis suggests small displacements of Pb and O atoms, with anomalously large thermal factors. The pair-distribution function (PDF) derived from experiment indicates the presence of short range order. Modeling in real space by fitting to the experimental PDF suggests displacements of lead and oxygen atoms of much larger magnitude than those indicated by the Rietveld analysis. Correlation of these displacements may be related to the onset of bulk ferroelectricity in this material. >
Role Theory and the Female Sex Role.

Women's sex-role perceptions and behavior were studied from the perspective of role theory, with an emphasis on examining the situational nature of female sex roles and the degree of consensus among women concerning female sex roles. The perceived appropriateness and expected outcome for sex-role characteristics and the actual enactment of masculine and feminine behaviors were examined for women in social and work situations. It was hypothesized that feminine behaviors prevail in social situations and masculine behaviors in work situations. This hypothesis was clearly supported for perceived appropriateness and actual behavior, but not for expected outcome. For this variable, the predicted pattern was found only in the social situation. It was also hypothesized that the degree of consensus across women is higher for feminine than for masculine characteristics, but this pattern was found only for perceived appropriateness and actual behavior in the social situation.
The differential rotation of the solar surface

The large-scale flow in the solar convection zone is discussed. The objective is to deduce from observation the principal physical balances in the governing equations. The simplest set of equations that seem potentially realistic are utilized. It is assumed that magnetic fields are negligible, that mixing-length theory gives an accurate representation of the mean structure, and that rigid-body rotation exists at the base. It is deduced that the zonal glow is geostrophic, the meridional flow is controlled by friction, and diffusive heating balances advective cooling due to vertical motion. Next, a detailed calculation of the latitude profile of surface angular velocity is performed, based on approximate equations containing only the principal balances, and agrees well with observation. Finally, it is demonstrated that the amplitude of the flow may be determined by the constraint that the net equatorward angular momentum flux vanish. The conclusions are consistent with the hypothesis that the flow is primarily a single large axisymmetric convection cell in each hemisphere.
Quantifying mechanical properties in a murine fracture healing system using inverse modeling: preliminary work

Understanding bone remodeling and mechanical property characteristics is important for assessing treatments to accelerate healing or in developing diagnostics to evaluate successful return to function. The murine system whereby mid-diaphaseal tibia fractures are imparted on the subject and fracture healing is assessed at different time points and under different therapeutic conditions is a particularly useful model to study. In this work, a novel inverse geometric nonlinear elasticity modeling framework is proposed that can reconstruct multiple mechanical properties from uniaxial testing data. To test this framework, the Lame' constants were reconstructed within the context of a murine cohort (n=6) where there were no differences in treatment post tibia fracture except that half of the mice were allowed to heal 4 days longer (10 day, and 14 day healing time point, respectively). The properties reconstructed were a shear modulus of G=511.2 ± 295.6 kPa, and 833.3± 352.3 kPa for the 10 day, and 14 day time points respectively. The second Lame' constant reconstructed at λ=1002.9 ±42.9 kPa, and 14893.7 ± 863.3 kPa for the 10 day, and 14 day time points respectively. An unpaired Student t-test was used to test for statistically significant differences among the groups. While the shear modulus did not meet our criteria for significance, the second Lame' constant did at a value p<0.0001. Traditional metrics that are commonly used within the bone fracture healing research community were not found to be statistically significant.
Synthesis and evaluation of aplysinopsin analogs as inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase A and B.

Aplysinopsins are tryptophan-derived natural products that have been isolated from a variety of marine organisms. Previous studies have shown aplysinopsin analogs to possess a variety of biological activities, including modulation of neurotransmissions. A series of fifty aplysinopsin analogs was synthesized and assayed for monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitory activity. Three compounds displayed significant MAO inhibitory activity and selectivity. The compound (E)-5-[(6-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]-2-imino-1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-4-one (3x) possessed an IC50 of 5.6 nM at MAO-A and had a selectivity index of 80.24. An SAR study revealed that multiple N-methylations, one of which should be at position N-2′, and bromination at C-5 or C-6 are important factors for MAO-A potency and selectivity.
Radial current flow and source density in the basal scala tympani.

Abstract Ionic movement between the scala media and scala tympani is modulated by acoustic stimulation. It underlies electrical currents in the fluids of these compartments and produces voltage gradients from which partial current-flow densities can be estimated. Radial voltage gradients were sampled in the first turn of the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea at known distances from the basilar membrane. Large potential gradients indicated significant current-flow densities near the organ of Corti with less flow near the lateral wall of the cochlea and over the spiral lamina. Current-source densities were highest within 100 μm of the organ of Corti. Current-source density analysis suggested that source-sink pairs can be detected from field observations in the scala tympani.
Enlarged Symmetry and Coherence in Arrays of Quantum Dots

(February 1, 2008)Enlarged symmetry characterized by the group SU(4) can be realized in isolated semiconductingquantum dots. A Hubbard model then describes a pillar array of coupled dots and at half-ﬁllingthe system can be mapped onto an SU(4) spin chain. The physics of these new structures isrich as novel phases are attainable. The spins spontaneously dimerize and this state is robust toperturbations which break SU(4) symmetry. We propose ways to experimentally verify the existenceof the dimerized phase.72.80.Ey, 73.40.Ty, 75.10.JmI. INTRODUCTION
Renormalizability Properties of Antisymmetric Tensor Fields Coupled to Gravity

The coupling of antisymmetric tensor fields ${A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rho}}$ to gravity is one-loop finite while coupling ${A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ to gravity and gravity to ${A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rho}}$ and to a scalar $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ is nonrenormalizable. The counterterms are on-shell zero and equal to those for the coupling of gravity to $\ensuremath{\varphi}$, respectively, as one might expect from the classical result that ${A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rho}}$ vanishes and ${A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ is equivalent to $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ on shell.
Skp2 Suppresses p53-Dependent Apoptosis by Inhibiting p300

The F box protein Skp2 is oncogenic, and its frequent amplification and overexpression correlate with the grade of malignancy of certain tumors. Conversely, depletion of Skp2 decreases cell growth and increases apoptosis. Here, we show that Skp2 counteracts the transactivation function of p53 and suppresses apoptosis mediated by DNA damage or p53 stabilization. We demonstrate that Skp2 forms a complex with p300 through the CH1 and the CH3 domains of p300 to which p53 is thought to bind and antagonizes the interaction between p300 and p53 in cells and in vitro. As Skp2 antagonizes the interaction between p300 and p53, Skp2 suppresses p300-mediated acetylation of p53 and the transactivation ability of p53. Conversely, ectopic expression of p300 rescues the transactivation function of p53 in cells overexpressing Skp2. Taken together, our results indicate that Skp2 controls p300-p53 signaling pathways in cancer cells, making Skp2 a potential molecular target for cancer therapy.
Multi-taskmulti-labelmultiple instance learning

For automatic object detection tasks, large amounts of training images are usually labeled to achieve more reliable training of the object classifiers; this is cost-expensive since it requires hiring professionals to label large-scale training images. When a large number of object classes come into view, the issue of obtaining a large enough amount of the labeled training images becomes more critical. There are three potential solutions to reduce the burden for image labeling: (1) allowing people to provide the object labels loosely at the image level rather than at the object level (e.g., loosely-tagged images without identifying the exact object locations in the images); (2) harnessing large-scale collaboratively-tagged images that are available on the Internet; and, (3) developing new machine learning algorithms that can directly leverage large-scale collaboratively- or loosely-tagged images for achieving more effective training of a large number of object classifiers. Based on these observations, a multi-task multi-label multiple instance learning (MTML-MIL) algorithm is developed in this paper by leveraging both interobject correlations and large-scale loosely-labeled images for object classifier training. By seamlessly integrating multi-task learning, multi-label learning, and multiple instance learning, our MTML-MIL algorithm can achieve more accurate training of a large number of inter-related object classifiers (where an object network is constructed for determining the inter-related learning tasks directly in the feature space rather than in the label space). Our experimental results have shown that our MTML-MIL algorithm can achieve higher detection accuracy rates for automatic object detection.
Historical Perspectives on Near-Death Phenomena

The authors present an introductory overview of the history of near-death phenomena, followed by a synopsis of near-death research representative of three historical eras: 1880s–1930; 1930s–1960; and 1960 to the present.
Differences in antimicrobial drug exposure in patients with various degrees of renal function based on recommendations from dosing references.

Study Objective. To calculate and compare 24–hour area under the unbound drug concentration-time curves (AUC0.24) of antimicrobials with dosing recommendations from six commonly used dosing references. Intervention. Unbound plasma concentration-time profiles of 13 antimicrobial agents (4 penicillins, 3 cephalosporins, 2 carbapenems, aztreonam, 3 fluoroquinolones) were simulated at steady state using a one-compartment open model for a 70–kg adult based on pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from peer-reviewed literature. Simulations were performed at five levels of creatinine clearance (Clcr). Measurements and Main Results. Differences in AUC0–24 for each antimicrobial agent were noted among the six references at each level of Clcr as well as within references across the range of Clcr. In addition, up to 16–fold and 3–fold ranges in AUC0–24 values were observed for β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, respectively, in one reference based on dosing recommendations at a single level of Clcr (due to more than one dose and/or dosing interval). Conclusion. Clinicians should be aware of differences among common references when selecting dosages of antimicrobial agents, especially for patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment. (Pharmacotherapy 2002;22(9):1097–1104)
A proposal concerning the origin of life on the planet earth.

It is proposed that, contrary to the widely accepted Oparin thesis, life on earth arose not in the oceans but in the earth's atmosphere. Difficulties of the Oparin thesis relating to the nonbiological nature of prebiotic evolution are discussed, and autotrophic, photosynthetic cells are proposed as the first living organisms to emerge, thus avoiding these difficulties. Recent developments in the geology of the earth at the time of the emergence of life are interpreted as requiring the absence of liquid surface water, with water partitioned between a molten crust and a dense, CO2-rich atmosphere, similar to the present state of Venus. Biochemistry in such an atmosphere would be primarily membrane chemistry on the interfaces of atmospheric salt water droplets, proceeding at normal temperatures without the absorption of electrical discharges or UV light. Areas not sufficiently accounted for by this scenario include the development of genetic organization and the breaking of the runaway greenhouse condition assumed.
Performance of the CM-5 scalable file system

Assessing the performance and software interactions of emerging parallel input/output systems is a critical first step in input/output software tuning. Moreover, understanding the system response to well-understood, synthetic input/output patterns is itself a prelude to analysis of more complex application input/output patterns. We have conducted a series of experiments to measure the performance of the CM-5's new Scalable Disk Array (SDA) and Scalable Parallel File System (SFS) using the file system interfaces provided by the data parallel CM Fortran and message passing CMMD programming models. The results of these experiments suggest that the CM-5's parallel input/output systems is an improvement over its predecessor, the CM-2 Data Vault. However, network bandwidth can be a bottleneck for the data reordering phase of input/output operations.