cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure elucidation with lanthanide-induced shifts. 4—Bound shifts vs relative shifts

The use of lanthanide shift reagents (LSR's) to obtain additional structural information from nuclear magnetic resonance studies has gained widespread acceptance. However, there has not been general agreement with regard to the most appropriate methodology for analysis of the shifted NMR spectra. We present arguments that only the bound shifts (Δ1) corresponding to the LS complex should be used for correlation of lanthanide-induced shifts with molecular structure by means of the pseudocontact equation. Several examples are discussed of compounds for which the relative induced shifts are dependent on the concentration of LSR. For such cases it is not possible for both Δ1 and Δ2 (the bound shift corresponding to the LS2 complex) to correlate successfully with the correct structure. Alternative methods of obtaining bound shifts are critically evaluated.
High prevalence of anti‐α‐crystallin antibodies in multiple sclerosis: correlation with severity and activity of disease

INTRODUCTION: The presence of T-cell reactivity to alphaB-crystallin in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has suggested that this small molecular weight heat shock protein (Hsp) may be an autoantigen in MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have tested the serum of patients with clinically definite MS (n=30), other inflammatory neurological disease (n=22), non-inflammatory neurological disease (n=42) and healthy individuals (n=23) for systemic humoral responses to bovine alphaB-crystallin, to the homologous chaperone protein, alphaA-crystallin, and to another small Hsp, Hsp 27. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent of MS patients exhibited immunoreactivity to alpha-crystallin and this was present in all 4 of 4 non-ambulatory patients with MS. In contrast, serum concentrations in MS patients of antibodies to the small Hsp, Hsp27, and to myelin basic protein were negligible (P<0.001). Serum anti-alpha-crystallin immune responses were detected in significantly lower percentages of patients with other inflammatory neurological diseases (32%, P<0.025), and with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (12%, P<0.001). None of the healthy control individuals showed anti-alpha-crystallin reactivity. The concentration of anti-alpha-crystallin antibodies in patients with MS correlated with severe disease (P<0.05) and with active disease (P<0.025). CONCLUSION: Our observations support the notion that anti-alpha-crystallin autoimmune responses may contribute to pathogenicity in MS and may represent a mechanism of how recurrent attacks of MS develop subsequent to an isolated demyelinating episode.
Movement of a small mitochondrial double-stranded RNA element of Cryphonectria parasitica: ascospore inheritance and implications for mitochondrial recombination

Movement via somatic fusion and inheritance of a small mitochondrial double-stranded (ds) RNA element was examined in Cryphonectria parasitica. The 2.7-kb dsRNA from the C. parasitica strain NB631 encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polylmerase when the mitochondrial code (UGA = Trp) is invoked. All progeny from asexual spores (conidia) of strain NB631 examined for dsRNA contained the 2.7-kb element. Unlike other C. parasitica dsRNAs, which are cytoplasmic, the dsRNA in strain NB631 was transmitted through the sexual cycle (ascospores) if the strain containing the element acted as the female in crosses. Movement of the 2.7-kb dsRNA was also observed through hyphal anastomosis. Transfer by anastomosis was accompanied by mitochondrial movement and recombination of the mitochondrial genome as determined by RFLP analysis. In control pairings between isolates lacking dsRNA, mitochondrial movement and recombination were also observed. Transfer by anastomosis allowed the generation of infected and uninfected isogenic lines, and permitted us to evaluate the effects of the dsRNA element on virulence of the host. Bark virulence assays on American chestnut suggest that NB631 dsRNA decreases the virulence of C. parasitica, but not to the level associated with members of the Hypoviridae.
Freedom of Conscience is Freedom of Choice: Women’s Reproductive Needs, Rights, and their Therapeutic Implications

Using reasonableness, we examine the U.S. Catholic bishops’ opposition to provisions of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. Weaving contributions from theology, philosophy, and jurisprudence, we emphasize the reasonable importance of mental health therapy for women within a relevant Catholic/Christian dialogue, particularly in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on healthcare. We principally identify socially imbedded factors that contribute to ending unwanted pregnancies, and argue that freedom of conscience is indeed freedom of choice within which women’s reproductive needs lie under protections of the U.S. Constitution. We recognize that Catholic tradition originates in the words and behaviors of Jesus. Examining closely these actions toward women, we find no reasonable justification for the bishops’ position against women’s freedom of conscience. We also discovered that revelation does not belong exclusively to the bishops; truth continues to be revealed to all human consciences, and true freedom does not allow for coercion/castigation of dogmatic import. We advocate for women’s ability to openly discuss their struggles to meet their reproductive condundra and to deconstruct their sexual stereotypes in mental health therapy. We provide crucial recommendations to augment choices for women’s reproduction condundra, and incite the need for new epistemic frameworks to address the complexity of female sexuality.
Too Much Investment in Social Capital

I am baking a cake and have run out of sugar, but I can go to my neighbor next door to get some. It was worth being nice to that neighbor even though I did not particularly fancy her. Do I have to return the sugar? Maybe she can borrow my lawn mower the next time she needs to mow her lawn and that will count as a return of the favor. Maybe the value of the sugar is trivial enough not to require repayment in kind. Now I need a recipe for a new cake. My neighbor has just the right recipe for me. But there is really nothing to return except for good will because in giving me a copy of the recipe my neighbor still has it. A guy three houses down the street whom I do not know has heard from my neighbor that I know something about computers and asks me to help him. I am busy but feel obligated to at least try to help because we all live in the same neighborhood. Someday I will have to ask a neighbor, maybe even a different one, for help in fixing that darn lawnmower. What goes around comes around. In fact, I am really in a bad mood because the cake was not really any good, the new recipe was of no great help, and besides, my lawnmower is busted.
The Clinical Effectiveness of An Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guideline(EBCPG) for Inpatient Care of Bronchiolitis at a Children's Hospital • 669

The Clinical Effectiveness of An Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guideline(EBCPG) for Inpatient Care of Bronchiolitis at a Children's Hospital • 669
An improved rat metabolism cage

Abstract Commercially available stainless steel rat metabolism cages do not permit the experimenter to readily observe feeding or drinking behaviors caused by intracranial or intravenous injections. Also, as the cages are but 7 in. high, the injector leads are easily accessible to the rat. An inexpensive and simply constructed metabolism cage is described which circumvents these problems yet allows the experimenter to collect urine incontaminated by food or feces.
Operative exposure and management of the petrous and upper cervical internal carotid artery.

Abstract The exposure and operative management of the petrous and upper cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) in 29 patients is detailed. Twenty-seven of these patients had extensive cranial base neoplasms (benign or malignant), 1 had an inflammatory cholesteatoma, and 1 had an aneurysm of the upper cervical ICA immediately proximal to the carotid canal. Preoperative studies useful in the evaluation of these patients included computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral and cervical angiography, and a balloon occlusion test of the ICA with evaluation of neurological status and of cerebral blood flow. The exposure of the upper cervical and petrous ICA was useful to obtain proximal control of the cavernous ICA, aided in the operative approach to extensive petroclival, intracavernous, and parapharyngeal neoplasms, and enabled the total resection of 23 of 27 such tumors. A subtemporal and preauricular infratemporal fossa approach was most commonly used for the exposure of the artery. Intraoperative arterial management consisted of exposure and decompression only, dissection from encasing neoplasm, resection of the invaded arterial segment and vein graft reconstruction, or intentional arterial occlusion. Vascular complications included 1 stroke due to delayed arterial occlusion, 1 stroke and death due to infection spreading from the nasopharynx with bilateral ICA rupture, and 1 pseudoaneurysm formation secondary to wound infection necessitating postoperative balloon occlusion of the ICA. Nonvascular complications included facial nerve paralysis in 10 patients (usually temporary), glossopharyngeal and vagal paralysis in 13 patients requiring Teflon injection of the vocal cord in 9, temporary difficulties with mastication in 9 patients, and wound infection in 3. The surgical exposure and management of the upper cervical and petrous ICA may permit a total operative resection of extensive cranial base neoplasms and is also an alternative for the management of vascular lesions involving these segments of the artery. With malignant neoplasms extending from the nasopharynx, postoperative infection remains a problem and may best be resolved by the use of a vascularized rectus abdominis muscle flap to reconstruct defects of the nasopharynx. Bilateral ICA encasement by neoplasms is also a major problem to be solved. The value of such an aggressive approach to the management of malignant neoplasms remains to be proven.
Vibrational analysis of 200-mm EPL masks

The vibratory response of Electron-beam Projection Lithography (EPL) masks has been characterized for two applications: to support the processes for mask cleaning (e.g., PLASMAX) and to preclude resonance conditions during metrology and inspection. The analysis of a 200-mm SCALPEL mask has been completed using experimental and numerical procedures to determine the dynamic response; the procedures characterized transverse vibrations by identifying the natural frequencies with their respective mode shapes. For mask cleaning applications, dominant modes were superimposed to form a more uniform acceleration field within the grillage area for effective removal of contaminants. In order to assess potential resonance issues, a finite element model was used to simulate the four-pad support, which is currently proposed for the EPL mask standard chuck. The fundamental frequency of the mask in the four-pad support was over 300Hz.
Electron-microscopic identification of mesenccphalic neurosecretory cells in teleosts

Neurons in the dorsal tegmentum of the midbrain of the teleosts Poecilia sphenops and P. latipinna were examined by use of electron microscopy. A nucleus of neurosecretory neurons was identified in the subependymal region just dorsal to the medial longitudinal fascicle. This nucleus has been called the dorsal tegmental magnocellular nucleus (DTMN). The most distinguishing cytological feature of these cells is the presence of large granular vesicles, 100–180 nm in diameter. These vesicles resemble neurosecretory granules characteristically found in preoptic and lateral tuberal magnocellular neurosecretory cells. Presynaptic terminals on these cells contain small clear vesicles, and some among them contain small dense-core vesicles.
The Element Effect and Nucleophilicity in Nucleophilic Aromatic Photosubstitution (SN2Ar*). Local Atom Effects as Mechanistic Probes of Very Fast Reactions

Photoreactions of 4-nitroanisole and the 2-halo-4-nitroanisoles (halogen = F, Cl, Br, and I) with the nucleophiles hydroxide ion and pyridine have been investigated quantitatively to extend the findings recently communicated for cyanide ion. The halonitroanisoles on excitation form triplet π,π* states, which undergo substitution of the halogen by nucleophiles. Chemical yields of photoproducts, Stern−Volmer kinetic plots, triplet lifetimes, and triplet yields are reported for the five compounds with the three nucleophiles. Following a standard kinetic treatment, 73 rate constants are determined for elementary reactions of the triplets including quenching and various nucleophilic addition processes. The photoadditions are roughly 14 orders of magnitude faster than thermal counterparts. Rate constants for attack at the fluorine-bearing carbon of triplet 2-fluoro-4-nitroanisole are 2.9 × 109, 1.3 × 109, and 6.3 × 108 M-1 s-1 for cyanide ion, hydroxide ion, and pyridine, respectively. The relative rates for at...
Influence of hydrogen bonding on the crystallization behavior of semicrystalline polyurethanes

A series of linear, aliphatic m,n-polyurethanes [O−(CH2)m−O−C(O)−NH−(CH2)n−NH−C(O)]x derived from long-chain aliphatic diols HO−(CH2)m−OH, where m = 12, 22, or 32, and much shorter diisocyanates OCN−(CH2)n−NCO, where n = 4, 6, 8, or 12, were previously characterized and shown to have physical and thermal properties similar to polyethylene. The current study shows, however, that hydrogen bonding still exercises a controlling influence on the crystallization process of these long-chain, aliphatic polyurethanes. X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy indicate that these long alkane segment polyurethanes have interchain and intersheet distances similar to that seen for polyamides and polyurethanes of higher hydrogen bonding densities. Hydrogen bonding controls the crystallization, packing, and morphology of these polyurethanes, resulting in a crystal structure analogous to that of aliphatic, even−even (syncephlic) polyamides and unlike that of polyethylene. Additionally, high-tempe...
A differential staining technique for simultaneous visualization of mitotic spindle and chromosomes in mammalian cells

A new technique has been devised for staining the mitotic spindle in mammalian cells while preserving spindle structure and chromosome number. The cells are trypsinized and fixed with a 3:1 methanol:acetic acid solution containing 4 mM MgCl2 and 1.5 mM CaCl2 at room temperature. The cells are then placed on slides and treated with 5% perchloric acid before staining with a 10% acetic acid solution containing safranin O and brilliant blue R. The preserved spindles appear dark blue against a light cytoplasmic background with chromosomes stained bright red. Individual chromosomes and chromatids are clearly visible. Positioning of the chromosomes relative to the spindle apparatus is readily ascertained allowing easy study of mitotic spindle and chromosome behavior.
Krylov-subspace methods for the Sylvester equation

Abstract We describe Galerkin and minimal residual algorithms for the solution of Sylvester's equation AX – XB = C . The algorithms use Krylov subspaces forwhich orthogonal bases are generated by the Arnoldi process. For certain choices of Krylov subspaces the computation of the solution splits into the solution of many independent subproblems. This makes the algorithms suitable for implementation on parallel computers.
Automatic inspection of pavement cracking distress

We present an image processing algorithm customized for high-speed, real-time inspection of pavement cracking. In the algorithm, a pavement image is divided into grid cells of 8×8 pixels, and each cell is classified as a noncrack or crack cell using the grayscale information of the border pixels. Whether a crack cell can be regarded as a basic element (or seed) depends on its contrast to the neighboring cells. A number of crack seeds can be called a crack cluster if they fall on a linear string. A crack cluster corresponds to a dark strip in the original image that may or may not be a section of a real crack. Additional conditions to verify a crack cluster include the requirements in the contrast, width, and length of the strip. If verified crack clusters are oriented in similar directions, they will be joined to become one crack. Because many operations are performed on crack seeds rather than on the original image, crack detection can be executed simultaneously when the frame grabber is forming a new image, permitting real-time, online pavement surveys. The trial test results show a good repeatability and accuracy when multiple surveys were conducted at different driving conditions.
“For-giving” and Forgiving: Process and Practice in Pastoral Care

This article examines some of the basic psychodynamic understandings of forgiveness including forgiveness as aesthetic, ahistorical, tact, or the ability to for-give that Julia Kristeva (1995, 1989, 1987a, b) presents in her writings on depression and melancholia, analytic process and technique, and love and faith. These are supplemented by more recent examinations of forgiveness in the therapeutic community (Worthington 1998; Watts and Gulliford 2004; McCullough et al. 2000) as they relate to Christian belief, Christian practice and pastoral care. I argue that it is in the context of a caring relationship where and when individuals experience “for-giving” that they develop the ability to accept forgiveness (especially of the self) and thus become individuals who can extend forgiveness to others. Even those entering pastoral ministry who have no desire or little ability to engage in pastoral counseling will be served well if their own abilities to be “for-giving” are cultivated during their theological education. Thus, the application of “for-giving” extends far beyond the analytic process or technique that Kristeva envisions to include pastoral identity formation and pastoral ministry.
Modeling environmental effects on enhanced carbofuran degradation

Prediction of the fate of pesticides in soil is of interest from an environmental (pollution) as well as an agricultural (efficacy, carryover) viewpoint. Two environmental parameters that control microbial degradation of pesticides in soil are moisture and temperature. This study was designed to quantify the impact of soil water content and temperature on microbial degradation rates of the insecticide carbofuran (2, 3-dihydro-2, 2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methyl-carbamate). Carbofuran degradation was determined by monitoring the [ 14 C] carbondioxide production from soils amended with [carbonyl- 14 C]carbofuran. Soils were incubated at seven soil-water tensions over the range of 0–03 to 1–5 MPa, and at five temperatures (10°C to 30°C). The sigmoidal degradation kinetics observed from these incubations were modeled using a general saturation model. For the moisture experiments, maximum rate of hydrolysis and half-life (DT50) were accurately modeled by an exponential relationship. The response of carbofuran degradation to temperature was also well described by an exponential relationship, from which it was estimated that the Q10 associated with the maximum rate was 1.68, and the Q10 for DT50 was 1–89.
Ionomer/ionomer thermoplastic IPNs based on poly(n‐butyl acrylate) and polystyrene

Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were prepared by combining poly(n-butyl acrylate) with polystyrene, both polymers crosslinked independently with acrylic acid anhydride (AAA). Decrosslinking of both polymers was carried out by hydrolysis of the anhydride bonds. Neutralization of the carboxylic acid groups to form the ionomer was carried out in a Brabender Plasticorder. Two subclasses of thermoplastic IPNs were studied: (1) Chemically blended thermoplastic IPNs (CBT IPNs) were prepared by synthesizing polymer II in polymer I in a sequential synthesis; (2) mechanically blended thermoplastic IPNs (MBT IPNs) were prepared by melt blending separately synthesized polymers. Rheovibron characterization revealed that of the two combinations, the CBT IPNs were better mixed than the MBT IPNs. Investigations of phase continuity via melt viscosity and modulus suggest that the CBT IPNs have some degree of dual phase continuity. Transmission electron microscopy suggests dual phase continuity and relatively small phase domains, 2000–5000 A for the CBT IPNs. The mechanical properties from tensile and Izod impact tests showed that the CBT IPNs were stronger than the MBT IPNs.
Jews, Multiculturalism, and Boasian Anthropology

Standard histories of American anthropology have downplayed the preponderance of Jewish intellectuals in the early years of Boasian anthropology and the Jewish identities of later anthropologists. Jewish histories, however, foreground the roles and deeds of Jews. This essay brings together these various discourses for a new generation of American anthropologists, especially those concerned with turning multiculturalist theories into agendas for activism. Although Boas's anthropology was apolitical in terms of theory, in message and purpose it was an antiracist science.
Superselective Microcatheter Embolization of Hemorrhage after Buccal Lipectomy

Superselective microcatheter angiography and embolization has been shown to be an effective modality for prompt treatment of bleeding from traumatic facial injury and refractory epistaxis when local methods fail to achieve hemostasis. It obviates the need for further surgical exploration and provides precise diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in a minimally invasive manner. Despite this successful profile, its use in treatment of hemorrhagic complications after facial aesthetic surgery is underreported. This report is a unique case of life-threatening hemorrhage after buccal fat pad lipectomy that was successfully treated with superselective microcatheter embolization of internal maxillary artery branches. A 31-year-old male was transferred to our emergency room from an outside facility with an active intraoral hemorrhage after a buccal lipectomy in which severe bleeding was encountered deep within the buccal space that persisted despite further attempts at surgical exploration. On arrival to the emergency room, the patient demonstrated signs of significant blood loss and had intraoral packing in place tamponading further hemorrhage. The patient underwent resuscitation and stabilization with endotracheal intubation for airway protection and was sent emergently to the angiography suite. Superselective angiography was used to study branches of the internal maxillary artery. Superselective embolization using microspheres was then performed on target vessels to control the bleeding. The surgical packing was then removed with no evidence of active bleeding. The patient was transferred to the surgical intensive care unit for further monitoring and was discharged the following day in stable condition. In the case of refractory surgical measures, superselective microcatheter angiography and embolization provides an alternative to both precisely localize and control severe small-artery bleeding. This may be ideal in cases that otherwise would require extensive dissection and in regions of complex anatomy, both of which can compromise aesthetic outcomes. We demonstrated the use of this method in a case of refractory bleeding after facial lipectomy. The expanding role of superselective angiography and specifically designed embolic agents may play an invaluable role in treatment of arterial injury after aesthetic surgery when local methods fail. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266 .
Differential thermal analysis of polymers. II. Melting

A theory is presented of the way in which the melting of a polymer is manifested in a differential temperature analysis thermogram. An analytical method based on this theory allows a precise determination of both the melting point and the crystalline weight fraction as a function of temperature. Experimental results for linear polyethylene and crystalline polypropylene confirm the theory.
Solventless Enantioelective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Substituted ∊-Caprolactones by Enzymatic Catalysis

Highly (S)-enriched substituted poly(e-caprolactone)s were synthesized from 4-methyl-e-caprolactone (4-MeCL) and 4-ethyl-e-caprolactone (4-EtCL) by lipase Novozym-435 (from Candida antarctica) catalyzed ring-opening polymerizations. The polymerizations were performed in bulk, thus eliminating the need for solvents in the polymerization process. Poly(4-EtCL) and poly(4-MeCL) having >95% enantiomeric purity (eep) have been prepared. Number-average molecular weights of the poly(4-EtCL) and poly(4-MeCL) were 4400 and 5400, respectively. The effect of reaction temperature on enzyme enantioselectivity, polymer molecular weight, and monomer conversion was also investigated at 45 and 60 °C. Contrary to many literature reports and conventional wisdom, the enantioselectivity of the lipase was greater at 60 °C, the higher reaction temperature. The solventless polymerization process appeared to be diffusion-controlled in which the monomer conversion and polymer molecular weight increased at higher reaction temperature.
Size does matter: The effect of enclosure size on aggression and affiliation between female New Zealand White rabbits during mixing

Abstract Social enrichment is increasingly employed to improve the welfare of laboratory animals, including rabbits. However, the high levels of injurious aggression that can occur when unfamiliar adult rabbits are introduced to one another are a barrier to implementing social housing. One factor that could affect aggressive interaction is the size of the enclosure in which the animals are introduced, although this has never been tested in rabbits. We evaluated the aggressive and affiliative behavior of 11 pairs of unfamiliar adult female New Zealand White rabbits during 1-h trials. Using a balanced repeated measures design, pairs were tested in a smaller (Small) enclosure the size of a double cage (0.76 m × 1.22 m × 0.61 m) and a larger (Large) enclosure (1.22 m × 1.22 m × 0.61 m), both of which contained PVC barriers that allowed contact but prevented injury. There were no main effects of treatment or treatment order on aggressive or affiliative behavior, but there were significant interaction effects (P = 0.01). During their first trial, pairs tested in the Large enclosure showed higher levels (P = 0.07) of affiliative behavior (mean number = 37.6 ± 5.0) and lower levels (P = 0.02) of aggressive behavior (back-transformed mean number = 1.1) than pairs tested in the Small enclosure (20.7 ± 3.0 and 3.5, respectively). During their second trials, pairs behaved as they did during their first trial, resulting in the opposite pattern: significantly more aggressive behavior in the Large enclosure than the Small enclosure (P = 0.002). In total, there were 47 bites observed among does first introduced in the Small enclosure, as compared to only one in the pairs first introduced in the Large enclosure. Overall, these findings indicate that the Large enclosure was effective at reducing aggression when rabbits were unfamiliar to one another, but that behavior during a subsequent interaction was determined by prior experience rather than enclosure size. More research is needed to determine whether does’ short-term behavior in an experimental apparatus is predictive of long-term pair housing success.
Pancreaticopleural fistula: Demonstration by computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Pancreaticopleural fistula is an uncommon complication of chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma. Clinical features include pleural effusion and resulting pulmonary symptoms. Abdominal pain and other clinical manifestations of pancreatitis may be minimal or absent. As in this case, computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may provide complementary diagnostic information in the evaluation of this condition. A discussion of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of pancreaticopleural fistula is presented.
Effect of Polymer Chains on Heat Transfer on Nanofins

Recent experimental results show that precipitation of nanoparticles on heater surfaces can result in heat flux enhancements observed in nanofluids. These precipitated nanoparticles can potentially act as nano-fins. Hence, in this study molecular dynamic simulations are performed to study the interfacial thermal resistance between a nanofin and a working fluid. A (5, 5) carbon nanotube (CNT) of diameter 6.78 A and various lengths are immersed in various fluids in these analyses. For this simulation the total numbers of the fluid molecules, and the breath and the height of the cell are kept constant. So due to the different densities of the matrix, the length of the cell as well as the length of the nanotube is different for each matrix. In these simulations, the nanotube is placed at the centre of the cell and the fluid molecules surround the nanotube. Periodic boundary conditions are applied in all the directions. So the system under consideration is array of long nanotubes aligned in the horizontal direction. Simulation procedure consists of first minimizing the system. During the minimization the system is allowed to relax. During the simulations, nanotube and water molecules are allowed to move but the cell size remains constant. After minimization, NVT process is performed for 10ps to scale the velocities so that the average temperature of the cell is 300K. After the ensemble is equilibrated to the base temperature of 300K, the temperature of the nanotube is raised to 750K, by scaling the velocities of the carbon atoms. In the next step the system is allowed to relax under constant energy. This is done by performing the NVE equilibration for 10ps. The difference in the temperature of the carbon nanotube and the fluid is then calculated and plotted against the equilibration time. For the CNT-fluid system, the temperature decreases exponentially with time as predicted by various researchers in the literature. From the graphs the interfacial resistance for 1-Hexene, 1,7-Dodecene and 1,7,13-Octadecene is estimated and the effect of polymer chains is investigated.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Effects of imipramine, bupropion, chlorpromazine, and clozapine on differential‐reinforcement‐of‐low‐rate (DRL) > 72‐Sec and > 36‐sec schedules in rat

The hypothesis that a DRL schedule requiring a long pause (> 72 sec) specifically identifies antidepressant drugs was evaluated in rats pressing a lever for food reinforcement. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine decreased responses and increased reinforcements as previously shown. However, the antipsychotics chlorpromazine and clozapine had a similar effect, as did prefeeding, and the atypical antidepressant bupropion increased responses and decreased reinforcements. Because mean baseline reinforcement rate was lower than in previous studies showing drug class specificity, the DRL requirement was reduced to > 36 sec and the drugs were tested again; effects were qualitatively similar to those in DRL > 72 in the first part of the study. The results suggest that a drug-induced reduction in responses could account for the increase in reinforcements, that if drug class specificity exists it may occur only when baseline response and reinforcement rates are confined to a narrow range, that the failure of previous studies to show antidepressant type effects with nonantidepressants could have resulted from choice of drugs and doses, and that the type of reinforcer could be an important factor.
The use of specialized patient medication information sheets with end stage renal disease patients: a pilot study.

Abstract Patient medication information sheets specifically tailored to dialysis patient drug therapies were formulated for use in an artificial kidney center. Assessment of the drug-therapy knowledge of a patient sample pointed out the need for such a specific educational intervention. Results indicated that 90% of the patient sample reacted favorably to a self-administered assessment of the utility of the sheets. The study results point out that these specifically tailored information sheets are appropriate for use, and are well received by dialysis patients.
Sorting of the yeast vacuolar-type, proton-translocating ATPase enzyme complex (V-ATPase): identification of a necessary and sufficient Golgi/endosomal retention signal in Stv1p.

Subunit a of the yeast vacuolar-type, proton-translocating ATPase enzyme complex (V-ATPase) is responsible for both proton translocation and subcellular localization of this highly conserved molecular machine. Inclusion of the Vph1p isoform causes the V-ATPase complex to traffic to the vacuolar membrane, whereas incorporation of Stv1p causes continued cycling between the trans-Golgi and endosome. We previously demonstrated that this targeting information is contained within the cytosolic, N-terminal portion of V-ATPase subunit a (Stv1p). To identify residues responsible for sorting of the Golgi isoform of the V-ATPase, a random mutagenesis was performed on the N terminus of Stv1p. Subsequent characterization of mutant alleles led to the identification of a short peptide sequence, W83KY, that is necessary for proper Stv1p localization. Based on three-dimensional homology modeling to the Meiothermus ruber subunit I, we propose a structural model of the intact Stv1p-containing V-ATPase demonstrating the accessibility of the W83KY sequence to retrograde sorting machinery. Finally, we characterized the sorting signal within the context of a reconstructed Stv1p ancestor (Anc.Stv1). This evolutionary intermediate includes an endogenous W83KY sorting motif and is sufficient to compete with sorting of the native yeast Stv1p V-ATPase isoform. These data define a novel sorting signal that is both necessary and sufficient for trafficking of the V-ATPase within the Golgi/endosomal network.
Family-Provider Alliance Program in Intensive Care Units

This nonrandomized controlled study evaluated the effects of Family—Provider Alliance Program on nurses’ perception of therapeutic alliance, job satisfaction, and quality of care. A total of 275 nurses were included in the study: 206 nurses in the ICUs participated in the Program and 69 in the control group did not. Mean postinterventional Kim Alliance Scale-Provider score was improved not only in the experimental group (+0.87; p = .01), but also in the control group (+1.37; p = .016). However, Empowerment subscale mean score was improved in the experimental group alone (+0.34; p = .006). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that family—nurse therapeutic alliance explained 7.2% and 11.4% of the variance in nurses’ job satisfaction and perceived quality of care, respectively. The Program was marginally effective in improving nurses’ perception of family empowerment. The quality of family—nurse therapeutic alliance predicted small to moderate fractions of the variance in nurses’ job satisfact...
ALUMINUM X-RAY SATELLITE ENHANCEMENT BY ION-IMPACT EXCITATION.

The impact of 5-MeV nitrogen ions on aluminum produces A1 $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $K\ensuremath{\beta}$ x-ray satellites not previously observed with other means of excitation. Comparison of measured and calculated x-ray energies shows that the satellites arise from A1 ions with up to five $L$-shell vacancies.
Explicit Dynamic Simulation of Impact in Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries

High-voltage lithium-ion batteries are increasingly used in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. Due to a risk of being in an accident, these energy storage systems should be analyzed thoroughly so that the risk of failure or serious damage during accidents is minimized. In this research a three-dimensional finite element simulation of a cylindrical battery cell is performed to study the behavior of the cell under various loading conditions. Li-Ion batteries consist of very thin layers of anodes, cathodes and separators that are packed into a cylindrical-spiral shape. This non-homogeneity nature of the battery cells makes the finite element explicit model very complicated. In this study, a homogenized 3-D model of the cell has been developed that is more suitable for explicit high-strain-rate transient analyses. Another model using layered solid or thick shell elements was generated. For the latter, partially two-phased homogenized material properties were used. Three different configurations are considered to analyze the battery packs: an indentation test with a rigid tube, longitudinal crushing between rigid plates, and transverse crushing. Results from these numerical simulations were consistent for models with thick shell elements and homogenized models.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Association of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use with incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, seem to have chemopreventive properties against several types of cancer, particularly colon cancer. Persons with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease for which NSAIDs are used commonly, have been reported to be at lower risk of colon cancer but at elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), raising the possibility that NSAIDs may be a risk factor for NHL. We evaluated the association of use of NSAIDs, arthritis history, and risk of NHL in a prospective cohort of 27,290 postmenopausal women from the state of Iowa. The frequency of use of aspirin and of other NSAIDs excluding aspirin (e.g., ibuprofen), as well as a physician diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA), were self-reported on a questionnaire mailed in 1992. The incidence of NHL was ascertained through annual linkages to the Iowa SEER Cancer Registry. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Through 7 years of follow-up, 131 cases of NHL were identified. Compared to women who did not use either aspirin or other non-aspirin NSAIDs, women using aspirin exclusively (RR = 1.71; 95% CI = 0.94-3.13), non-aspirin NSAIDs exclusively (RR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.18-4.83), or both types of drugs (RR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.06-3.68) were at increased risk of NHL. A diagnosis of RA (RR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.09-2.79), but not OA (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.67-1.68), was associated with risk of NHL, but the positive association of use of aspirin and other NSAIDs with NHL was independent of RA history. Multivariate adjustment for other NHL risk factors only attenuated slightly these associations, whereas exclusion of cases occurring during the first 2 years of follow-up strengthened the associations. These data suggest that use of NSAIDs, either aspirin or other non-aspirin NSAIDs, are associated positively with risk of NHL, and that this association is independent of RA history.
The spatial growth rate of stimulated Raman scattering in ethanol

Abstract The spatial growth rate of a picosecond stimulated Raman Stokes pulse in liquid ethanol has been measured. Solutions to the coupled differential equations describing the spatial growth are found analytically. In certain regions of Stokes growth the experimentally measured spatial growth rate can be used to obtain either the input laser intensity or the Raman gain of the material. No evidence for self-focusing was found.
Deposition of silicon-based dielectrics by remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Abstract This paper discusses the deposition of thin films of silicon oxides, nitrides and oxynitrides by the relatively new technique of remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, or RPECVD. This process uses a silane-based reaction chemistry that is qualitatively different from the direct PECVD techniques that are more commonly employed. In this paper, we discuss those aspects of the RPECVD deposition process gas-phase and surface chemistry that ensure the growth of stoichiometric, hydrogen-free films at relatively low substrate temperatures (100 to 300°C). In this context, we highlight the results of IR measurements that give direct information relative to stoichiometry and hydrogen atom incorporation. We consider the applications of these silicon-based dielectrics in II–VI device structures, and in particular focus on the importance of semiconductor surface preparation prior to film deposition. Finally, we also discuss the properties of these films in device structures utilizing crystalline Si, Ge and (In, Ga)As and then present the results of our initial studies of dielectric film deposition onto CdTe surfaces.
Thermochemistry of the intermetallic compounds RuTi, RuZr, and RuHf

The standard enthalpies of formation of the Intermetallic compounds RuTi, RuZr, and RuHf have been determined by high temperature mixing calorimetry at 1400 K. The following values of ΔHf are reported: RuTi: -153.9 ± 7.4 kJ mol−1; RuZr: -137.3 ± 6.8 kJ mol−1; RuHf: -183.5 ±10.4 kJ mol−1. Since there are no experimental data for these compounds in the literature, comparisons are made with predicted and estimated values. The new data also are compared with recent results reported by the authors for the corresponding equiatomic alloys of Pd and Rh with Ti, Zr, and Hf. This comparison indicates that RuTi is significantly more exothermic than inferred from the systematic trend(s) shown by the other compounds studied.
Clinicopathologic variability of the GRN A9D mutation, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective: We examined the clinical and pathologic phenotypes of GRN mutation carriers with the pathogenic A9D (g.26C>A) missense mutation. Methods: Three patients with GRN A9D mutations were evaluated clinically and came to autopsy with subsequent neuropathologic examination. Results: The clinical diagnoses of patients with GRN A9D mutations were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, atypical extrapyramidal disorder, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Immunohistochemistry for TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) revealed variability in morphology and distribution of pathology. One patient had notable involvement of motor neurons in the spinal cord as well as type B TDP-43, whereas 2 other patients had type A TDP-43. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of the GRN A9D missense mutation is not restricted to behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and may include aphasia, extrapyramidal features, and, notably, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Investigations of Vibrational Coherence in the Low-Frequency Region of Ferric Heme Proteins

Femtosecond coherence spectroscopy is applied to a series of ferric heme protein samples. The low-frequency vibrational spectra that are revealed show dominant oscillations near 40 cm � 1 . MbCN is taken as a typical example of a histidine- ligated, six-coordinate, ferric heme and a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis is carried out. The results of this analysis reveal a new heme photoproduct species, absorbing near 418 nm, which is consistent with the photolysis of the His 93 axial ligand. The photoproduct undergoes subsequent rebinding/recovery with a time constant of ;4 ps. The photoproduct lineshapes are con- sistent with a photolysis quantum yield of 75-100%, although the observation of a relatively strong six-coordinate heme coherence near 252 cm � 1 (assigned to n9 in the MbCN Raman spectrum) suggests that the 75% lower limit is much more likely. The phase and amplitude excitation profiles of the low-frequency mode at 40 cm � 1 suggest that this mode is strongly coupled to the MbCN photoproduct species and it is assigned to the doming mode of the transient penta-coordinated material. The absolute phase of the 40 cm � 1 mode is found to be p/2 on the red side of 418 nm and it jumps to 3p/2 as excitation is tuned to the blue side of 418 nm. The absolute phase of the 40 cm � 1 signal is not explained by the standard theory for resonant impulsive stimulated Raman scattering. New mechanisms that give a dominant momentum impulse to the resonant wavepacket, rather than a coordinate displacement, are discussed. The possibilities of heme iron atom recoil after photolysis, as well as ultrafast nonradiative decay, are explored as potential ways to generate the strong momentum impulse needed to understand the phase properties of the 40 cm � 1 mode.
SIMPLIFIED DETERMINATION OF tert-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE IN VEGETABLE OILS, BUTTER, AND MARGARINE

A simple and rapid determination of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ) in vegetable oils, butter, and margarine by using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) is described. TBHQ was effectively separated, identified, and quantitated on LiChrosorb NH2 with hexaneethanol eluent. Detection was done at UV 293nm with 0.04AUFS. p-Aminoacetophenone was used as an internal standard. The recovery of TBHQ added to oily foods was between 93.1-99.5% in the range of 100ppm of TBHQ.
Mapping invasion and eradication of feral goats in the Alcedo region of Isabela Island, Galapagos

We conducted a time series analysis using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS satellite data product over the Alcedo volcano region of Isabela Island in the Galapagos to determine vegetation changes before, during, and after a feral goat invasion and eradication project. Enhanced vegetation index EVI values for the Alcedo region of Isabela Island were analysed from 2000 to 2010 with respect to the presence of a large population of goats that was eradicated between 2004 and 2006. This study finds large-scale, seasonal vegetation pattern changes between 2000 and 2005, and 2005 and 2010. Statistically significant EVI decreases prior to and during eradication in zones where goats were present in high numbers and increases following eradication in zones with lower goat density are found. EVI appears to have changed little over the entire study period, though earlier imagery would likely reveal stronger positive post-eradication trends. Because EVI primarily reveals greenness and little about vegetation composition and structure, we find that long-term in situ vegetation monitoring is also needed to obtain a meaningful assessment of the effects of invasion and eradication at the species level.
Protein kinase C and chemical-induced abnormal palate development

The protein kinase C (PKC) family of proteins mediates the action of growth factors and other ligands by activating a network of transcription factors that bind to TRE sequences in the promoters of many genes that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis, apoptosis and others in a cell type-, isozyme- and context-specific manner. The critical role of PKC in embryonic development is indicated by early death of embryos in which one or more of these isozymes are inactivated. Our studies together with others show that palatal PKC signalling is functional and may be essential for normal palate development. Although single gene knockouts have failed to exhibit the cleft palate (CP) phenotype, owing to compensation by other kinases, many chemicals including the mycotoxin, secalonic acid D, disrupt palatal PKC signalling leading to altered palatal mesenchymal gene expression. The potential relevance of such effects to chemical-induced CP is discussed.