cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advancing the Agenda in Pediatric Mental Health Education.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is an urgent need to advance mental health (MH) education and/or training in pediatric residency programs, yet no consensus on how to achieve this. We created an operational framework from ideas provided by a diverse group of stakeholders on how to advance MH education. METHODS: Concept-mapping methodology was used, which involves brainstorming ideas by completing a focus prompt, sorting ideas into groups, and rating them for importance and feasibility. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis grouped ideas into clusters. Average importance and feasibility were calculated for each statement and cluster and compared statistically in each cluster and between subgroups. RESULTS: Ninety-nine ideas were generated. Sorted ideas yielded a 7-cluster concept map: (1) modalities for MH training, (2) prioritization of MH, (3) systems-based practice, (4) self-awareness and/or relationship building, (5) training in clinical assessment of patients, (6) training in treatment, and (7) diagnosis-specific skills. Two hundred and sixteen participants rated ideas for importance and 209 for feasibility. Four clusters had a statistically significant difference between their importance and feasibility ratings (P CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive set of ideas, especially those rated highly in both importance and feasibility, should inform curricular and policy initiatives. Differences between importance and feasibility may explain why there has been little progress in this field.
Understanding people's 'unrealistic optimism' about clinical research participation.

Background Researchers worry that patients in early-phase research experience unrealistic optimism about benefits and risks of participation. The standard measure of unrealistic optimism is the Comparative Risk/Benefit Assessment (CRBA) questionnaire, which asks people to estimate their chances of an outcome relative to others in similar situations. Such a comparative framework may not be a natural way for research participants to think about their chances. Objective To examine how people interpret questions measuring unrealistic optimism and how their interpretations are associated with their responses. Methods Using an early-phase cancer trial vignette, we administered the CRBA to 297 adults from the general public. They estimated their comparative chances of risk and benefit (7-point scale: −3 less likely to +3 more likely), then provided rationales for their estimates. Results For both CRBA benefit and risk questions, about 50% of respondents chose 0 (the ‘correct’ response of ‘average likelihood’), and 50% chose a non-0 response. Respondents’ rationales for their estimates showed that overall only about 40%–44% gave comparative rationales, indicating that they interpreted the CRBA as intended. 68.7% of respondents who gave the ‘correct’ 0 rating gave comparative rationales, whereas only 11.6% of respondents who gave non-0 ratings did so. A similar trend was seen for chances of risk (p Conclusion Research participants may not understand comparative benefit and risk questions as intended; attributions of unrealistic optimism may require additional evidence that the respondents’ estimates are intended to be comparative.
Research on Simulation of Radar Active Decoy System Countering Anti-Radiation Missile

In theory,using active decoys is an effective way in countering Anti-Radiation Missile(ARM).However,practical effect is related with attacking modes and deployment of radar and decoys,which needs methods of computer simulation to analyze.According dynamic process of "3 sources system",which is composed of one radar and two active decoys,mathematic models of countering ARM,ARM's receiving signal,aiming point,critical position,course and hit point are establishedin 3-D space.Simulation condition is set based on tactic background to make experiments on ARM attacking 3 sources system at various critical angles,arbitrary attacking angles and different orientations.The results show that there is a range of safe distance between radar and decoys,and the range which can make radar and decoys safe is directed associated with ARM's resolving angle.Hereby,the range of safe distance between radar and decoys is provided while countering HARM.
Studies on Detection of Nephritogenic Immune Complexes

Three procedures have been successfully used in this laboratory for detection and for identification of immune complexes deposited in the kidney and/or appearing in a soluble form in the circulation.
Effect of dietary fluorine on growth, blood and bone characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Three hundred eighty-four growing-finishing pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of dietary fluorine (F) on growth, blood and bone physical characteristics. Fourteen dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing F (as NaF) to a milo-soybean meal basal diet (7 ppm F) to provide levels of 7, 132, 257, 382, 507 and 632 ppm F for Exp. 1, and 7, 25, 43, 61, 79, 97, 115 and 133 ppm F for Exp. 2. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not affected (P greater than .09) when F was fed at levels between 7 and approximately 132 ppm. Average daily gain and ADFI were reduced (P less than .0001) for pigs consuming diets with F concentrations greater than 132 ppm (Exp. 1). Feed conversion was not affected (P greater than .17) by any level of F fed. Serum F and alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased (P less than .01) with increasing dietary F levels. Serum and bone Ca and P concentrations were not affected (P greater than .13) by dietary F levels (Exp. 1). In Exp. 1 and 2, bone F increased (P less than .0001) and metatarsal stress and modulus of elasticity decreased (P less than .0001) as level of F increased in the diet. Bone thickness decreased quadratically (P less than .02) in Exp. 1 and linearly (P less than .0007) in Exp. 2 with increased dietary F levels. Scanning electron microscopy showed an increase in porosity of bones from pigs fed the higher levels of F. Growing-finishing pigs were able to tolerate approximately 132 ppm F for growth, but all of the F levels (greater than or equal to 7 ppm) fed in these two experiments affected bone integrity.
Effect of Process Temperature and Copper Doping on the Performance of ZnTe:Cu Back Contacts in CdTe Photovoltaics

CdTe photovoltaic devices with a ZnTe back contact have the potential to improve device performance and stability. After performing a sweep of ZnTe deposition and annealing temperatures, device performances were evaluated. Copper doping was performed after the ZnTe depositions by sublimating CuCl. Initial results indicate that ZnTe deposited and annealed for 20 minutes at 250°C improved device performance in terms of fill factor, J SC , and V OC as compared to other deposition temperatures. Copper doping also impacted device performance and a longer copper treatment on ZnTe led to a 17.6% device.
We the Shareholders: Government Market Participation in the Postliberal U.S. Political Economy

Twentieth-century American constitutional, administrative, and corporate law were often contests over legal liberalism. We more or less accepted the basic liberal premise of separating the public from the private — and then battled over the relative size and power of the State versus the Market. At times, the State had the upper hand, and regulatory and welfare programs proliferated. At other moments, the Market struck back, forcing the State to cede ground. The names of these contests are as familiar as Normandy, Gettysburg, and Agincourt: Progressivism, Lochnerism, the New Deal, the Great Society, and the Reagan Revolution. Today, however, those conflicts seem antiquated, waged over increasingly inconsequential terrain. We’ve now so pervasively blended public and private identities and powers that the traditional liberal divide has all but collapsed. But with the blurring of old battle lines, new ones emerge. This Essay considers the apparent demise of legal liberalism and the corresponding rise of what seemingly comes next: public capitalism. A volatile blend of neoliberalism and democratic socialism, public capitalism reflects the paradoxes, compromises, and innovations of (1) a big and potentially redistributive State that nonetheless achieves its aims through commercial rather than (just) democratic interventions, and (2) an unstintingly capitalist private sector that nonetheless flexes sovereign regulatory muscle in furtherance of public aims at times orthogonal to profits.
Expressing Strain: A Qualitative Evaluation of the Testimonies of Female Sex Offenders

For those convicted of a sexual offense, life on the registry is not an easy one. There is a great deal of stigma associated with these offenders despite the fact they served their sentences and were released back into society. Current research examines what life is like for female sex offenders whose information is listed on the Florida Sex Offender Registry. Using Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory as a lens to examine the registry, this article will show the stress present in the lives of the registrants. Specifically, the article will address coping mechanisms, anger, and several unintended consequences of the registry, such as unemployment, housing problems, and experiencing harassing behaviors, all of which are a result of the participants’ registry status. Research findings, policy implications, and limitations are discussed.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are increasing in incidence and are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality both in the United States and worldwide. An understanding of these diseases is essential for the practicing nephrologist, as preexisting kidney disease is an important risk factor. In addition, the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has important implications for long-term risk of kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. The definition and diagnostic criteria has changed in recent years as our understanding of the disease entity has progressed. Currently, proteinuria is no longer a necessary diagnostic feature of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension may develop through multiple different mechanisms. Current research suggests contributions of both placental factors and maternal factors contribute to the disease and represent different phenotypic presentations of preeclampsia.
The marginalised in genocide narratives: revisiting genocide narratives and reconciliation initiatives: by Giorgia Donà, London and New York, Routledge, 2019, 172 pp., US$ 124.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-138-83990-8; US$46.36 (eBook), ISBN 978-1-315-73316-6

The marginalised in genocide narratives is a new perspective about genocide and post-genocide debates in Rwanda; it addresses from the case of Rwanda, controversial topics such as ethnicity and pol...
Hyper-Hamiltonian circulants

A Hamiltonian graph G = ( V,E ) is called hyper-Hamiltonian if G - v is Hamiltonian for any v ∈ V ( G ). G is called a circulant if its automorphism group contains a | V ( G )|-cycle. First, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for any undirected connected circulant to be hyper-Hamiltonian. Second, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a connected circulant digraph with two jumps to be hyper-Hamiltonian. In addition, we specify some sufficient conditions for a circulant digraph with arbitrary number of jumps to be hyper-Hamiltonian.
Kirigami-inspired stents for sustained local delivery of therapeutics

Implantable drug depots have the capacity to locally meet therapeutic requirements by maximizing local drug efficacy and minimizing potential systemic side effects. Tubular organs including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and vasculature all manifest with endoluminal disease. The anatomic distribution of localized drug delivery for these organs using existing therapeutic modalities is limited. Application of local depots in a circumferential and extended longitudinal fashion could transform our capacity to offer effective treatment across a range of conditions. Here we report the development and application of a kirigami-based stent platform to achieve this. The stents comprise a stretchable snake-skin-inspired kirigami shell integrated with a fluidically driven linear soft actuator. They have the capacity to deposit drug depots circumferentially and longitudinally in the tubular mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract across millimetre to multi-centimetre length scales, as well as in the vasculature and large airways. We characterize the mechanics of kirigami stents for injection, and their capacity to engage tissue in a controlled manner and deposit degradable microparticles loaded with therapeutics by evaluating these systems ex vivo and in vivo in swine. We anticipate such systems could be applied for a range of endoluminal diseases by simplifying dosing regimens while maximizing drug on-target effects through the sustained release of therapeutics and minimizing systemic side effects. A kirigami-inspired stent-based system has been developed for extended local drug delivery to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts as well as the vascular system.
Utilization of Biochar as a Multifunctional Additive in Cement-Based Materials

This article presents an experimental study on the application of processed biochar as a partial replacement of cement. Raw biochar was chemo-mechanically modified to produce super-hydrophobic carbonaceous powder (SHCP). The effects of this SHCP on paste and mortar samples were monitored in terms of compressive strength, hydration products, electrical conductivity, water absorption, and embodied carbon. The performances of the mortar samples were monitored after 7 and 28 days of sealed curing. SHCP primarily worked as inert inclusion and did not significantly affect the cement hydration. Nevertheless, the addition of SHCP as partial replacement of cement was found to decrease the water sorption, increase the electrical conductivity, and decrease the embodied carbon of the mortar samples. As such, this study provided experimental evidence that biochar can be utilized as a multifunctional additive in cement-based composites.
Bridging Social Issues and Local Community through Service Learning

This study endeavors to integrate service learning in major teaching professional courses. Results show that the integration of service learning for pre-service teachers requires a carefully planned and a well-structured system. This is to ensure that students truly benefit from the experience and that the entire process enhances the learning of the course. In this study, the major steps in the integration process include: identifying relevant social issues in the local community; organizing nonformal community education; and assessment of the activities conducted. Students report that integrating service learning in major professional courses is valuable for several reasons. First, it enhances application of knowledge learned in the classrooms to real world setting. Moreover, it increases awareness of the local issues in the community. And lastly, it provides a sense of fulfillment in one’s contribution to the society. Problems encountered while doing this project, however, include: problems among group members; problems on reaching out to the community; technical and financial problems; and weather and other environmental problems.
Client perspectives on the accessibility and quality of substance use treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Background People who use drugs have been particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic because of their unique social, harm reduction, and treatment needs. These unique needs and challenges have significant influence on the severity of their substance use, mental health symptomatology, willingness to engage in treatment, and adherence to treatment options. This has included immense challenges related to the dissemination of COVID-19 messaging and the need for harm reduction and treatment service entities to adopt new formats to continue operation. Methods In-depth interview data were collected people who use drugs (N=24) residing in Oklahoma from November 2020 through February 2021 to assess perspectives on (1) their access to harm reduction, substance use prevention, and treatment programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) the perceived quality of such services and programs during this time, and (3) the perceived availability of tailored COVID-19 information. Results Several factors emerged related to accessing and quality of substance use services during COVID-19, including poor accessibility (e.g., internet access), diminished quality (i.e., lack of social support), and lack of tailored COVID-19 prevention and treatment messaging. Conclusions Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths are expected to continue as new SARS-CoV-2 variants are introduced. The present findings highlight the need for tailored COVID-19 messaging (e.g., minimizing the sharing of substance use supplies that can spread COVID-19, mask wearing, COVID-19 vaccination), which is responsive to unique needs of substance using populations. Similarly, as prevention and treatment programs are delivered online, efforts are necessary to ensure equitable access and enhanced quality of services.
A Twitter-Based Event Analysis of 'Computer-Based Political Action' on Intellectual Property (PIPA)

In protest of the bill “Protect Intellectual Property Act,” before the United States Senate, a number of Internet companies participated in a 24 hour Internet blackout. This paper summarizes some of the events and approaches used as part of that computer-based political action that ultimately led to postponing the bill. A range of social media, including Twitter and Facebook were used by both supporters and the opposition. This paper specifically investigates use of Twitter and Facebook by Senators. I find the Twitter use rate by Senators differs across co-sponsors’ and non-co-sponsors’ PIPA Tweets. Further, I find that the number of Tweets and re-Tweets around the blackout event and the postponement event vary systematically by group. In addition, in some cases Twitter Tweets reference a Facebook message, and for those Tweets I find key characteristics such Twitter re-Tweets and Facebook shares are highly correlated.
Rearrangeability of shuffle-exchange networks

A proof for the rearrangeability of (2n-1)-stage shuffle-exchange networks with N=2/sup n/ inputs is given. The proof makes use of the notion of balanced matrices for representing passable permutations through a shuffle-exchange network. Because the proof is not constructive, it does not lead to a routing algorithm directly. Therefore, a heuristic algorithm is provided for routing arbitrary permutations on the (2n-1)-stage shuffle-exchange network. A new proof for the rearrangeability of the (2n-1) stage reduced Omega /sub N/ Omega /sub N//sup -1/ network is also given, and a routing algorithm using precomputed digit-controlled routing tags is presented. >
Password Authenticated Key Exchange Using Quadratic Residues

This paper investigates the feasibility of designing password-authenticated key exchange protocols using quadratic residues. To date, most of the published protocols for password-authenticated key exchange were based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. It appears inappropriate to design password-authenticated key exchange protocols using other public-key cryptographic techniques. In this paper, we show that protocols for password-authenticated key exchange can be constructed using quadratic residues and we present the first protocol of this type. Under the factoring assumption and the random oracle model, we show that our protocol is provably secure against off-line dictionary attacks. We also discuss the use of cache technique to improve the efficiency of our protocol.
The responsiveness of U.S. rice acreage to price and production costs

Ordinary least squares and seemingly unrelated regression procedures were used to analyze the impacts of changes in rice prices and production costs on U.S. rice planted acreage. National and regional response models were estimated over the 1970-92 period. Supply-inducing prices of rice were estimated as a function of effective rice support prices and seasonal average market prices. Expected production costs per acre were estimated using lagged actual total variable cash production expenses per acre adjusted by the previous 3-year average annual change in variable expenses. Estimated short-run price and production cost elasticities were found to be inelastic at the national level. However, the magnitude of the production cost elasticities were found to be greater than the price elasticities. Estimated long-run elasticities at the U.S. level were inelastic for changes in price but elastic for changes in production costs. Although acreage response varied across regions, similar relationships were found between price and production cost elasticities.
Ideology and insurrection: bringing the actor back in

This article is the product of a research on ideas, ideologies and political change, with a special focus on El Salvador. It attempts to summarize some of my ideas on ideologies and political change in general -with a special attention to the so-called revolutionary ideologies- hoping that will have relevance to similar issues in other Latin American countries or to global trends. Two broad propositions are presented here: 1) Ideology is a powerful "causer" of political change. It is neither the mirror of its immediate social and economic environment, nor a purely national product. 2) Revolutionary ideologies play a fundamental role at all stages of so-called "revolutions" but even more so at the stage of emergence of insurrectionary forces, and especially in contemporary developing countries.
Influence of the Method of Reagent Addition on Dichloroacetonitrile Formation during Chloramination

Formation of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) in natural waters was evaluated for different disinfection scenarios, including application of free chlorine, preformed monochloramine or dichloramine, or formation of chloramines in situ by addition of free chlorine and ammonia in either order. Formation of DCAN was highest during free chlorination. Regardless of the order of ammonia or chlorine addition, DCAN formation was consistently higher over 1−2 day contact times when chloramines were formed in situ than when preformed chloramines were applied. During in situ chloramine formation, organic amine precursors effectively competed with ammonia to react with free chlorine, forming organic dichloramine intermediates to nitrile formation. Combined with previous research indicating that application of preformed monochloramine reduced nitrosamine formation, the results indicate that application of preformed monochloramine could provide an inexpensive alternative for chloraminating utilities to significantly reduce th...
Emergence of a third culture: shared leadership in international strategic alliances

Purpose – Understanding how managers in position of leadership experience culture is essential to avoid instability and poor performance in international strategic alliances. This study tests the proposition that national culture, top management team culture, and manager's personality influence leadership and shapes intercultural fit through the predominant management style in US‐Mexican strategic alliances.Design/methodology/approach – Strategic leadership and personality theories constitute the framework for this study. Managers from the US‐Mexican strategic alliances which partners hold an equity position were surveyed and provided data to test the hypotheses.Findings – Findings show that American and Mexican managers construct their own social reality with rules and norms bounded primarily by the existing organizational culture in the alliance. Both managers' management styles are similar and converge into a participative “consultative” style emerging as a “third culture” characterized by task innovat...
Simple examples of the method of moments in electromagnetics

Three simple examples of the use of the method of moments in electromagnetics, i.e. analysis of the input impedance of a short dipole, and plane-wave scattering from both a short dipole and two coupled short dipoles, are presented. The relative simplicity of the examples is a direct result of obtaining simple expressions for the elements in the method-of-moments impedance matrix. >
An assessment of the role performance measurement of power-dependency in marketing channels

Abstract This research addresses the question raised by previous research (Frazier, 1983) as to whether role performance measures of dependency can account for the “availability of alternatives” dimension of dependency identified by Emerson (1962). Specifically, the research tests the hypothesis that role performance measures of power/dependence adequately account for the availability of alternatives dimension of dependency. In addition, the hypothesis that weighted rather than unweighted role performance measures should be utilized is tested. The data to test the hypotheses were collected from a mail survey of dealers in a distribution network for fluid power products. The mailing to 247 dealers resulted in 117 usable questionnaires for a response rate of 47%. The result of the hypotheses tests indicate that: (1) role performance measures of power/dependence do adequately account for the availability of alternatives dimension, and (2) weighted role performance measures are preferable to unweighted measures. j busn res 1994 30.201–210
Roam: a scalable replication system for mobile computing

Nomadic users require replication to store copies of critical data on their mobile machines while disconnected or poorly connected. Existing replication services do not provide all classes of mobile users with the capabilities they require, which include: the ability for direct synchronization between any two replicas, support for large numbers of replicas, and detailed control over what files reside on their local (mobile) replica. Mobile users must adapt their behavior to match the level of service provided by today's replication systems, thereby hindering mobility and costing additional time, money, and systems management. Roam is a replication system designed to satisfy the requirements of the mobile user. Roam is based on the Ward Model, a replication architecture for mobile environments. Using the Ward Model and new distributed algorithms, Roam provides a scalable replication solution for the mobile user. We describe the motivation, design, and implementation of Roam and report its performance.
Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP): Overview, and Ceramic Component Technology Status

The automotive gas turbine’s (AGT) significant potential payoffs in fuel economy, emissions, and alternate fuels usage continue to motivate development activities worldwide. The U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored, NASA-managed Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP) focuses on developing critical AGT structural ceramic component technologies. The area of greatest challenge is that of cost-effective, near-net-shape, high-volume, high-yield manufacturing processes. Process physics modeling and Taguchi analyses are affording substantial progress, and new processes are being explored. Laboratory characterization is building a shared materials data base among Allison, Garrett, Government labs, and ceramic manufacturers. General Motors (GM) has logged over 700 test hours with ceramic components in hot gasifier rigs during ATTAP. A key ATTAP milestone was addressed by successfully demonstrating full goal temperature and speed (2500°F rotor inlet at 100% shaft speed) with ceramic components.Fast-fracture ceramic component design tools are well correlated. Although time-dependent data and mechanistic models exist, a validated design system for such phenomena does not, and is a pressing need. Damage tolerance and impact resistance have been substantially addressed through tailored component designs, tougher monolithic ceramics, and increased ceramic strengths. Ceramic turbine rotors are now continuing to run after various substantial impacts, and after chipping damage. Ceramic-ceramic and ceramic-metal interfacing is being addressed by minimizing components’ joints, and by other DOE-sponsored work on joining models, processes, and materials.The extruded regenerator disk is a continuing goal which requires both forming process and materials technology development. Controlling turbine tip clearances and tolerating tip rubs are key technologies. GM has demonstrated clearance control schemes, as well as rotor survivability to high speed/temperature tip rubs. Several noteworthy ceramic materials reflect the rapid progress over the past decade of monolithic ceramics, especially the Si3N4 family. GM forecasts achieving ATTAP engine cyclic durability goals.Copyright © 1991 by ASME
A Test of the Family Stress Model on Toddler-Aged Children's Adjustment Among Hurricane Katrina Impacted and Nonimpacted Low-Income Families

Hurricane Katrina dramatically altered the level of social and environmental stressors for the residents of the New Orleans area. The Family Stress Model describes a process whereby felt financial strain undermines parents' mental health, the quality of family relationships, and child adjustment. Our study considered the extent to which the Family Stress Model explained toddler-aged adjustment among Hurricane Katrina affected and nonaffected families. Two groups of very low-income mothers and their 2-year-old children participated (pre-Katrina, n = 55; post-Katrina, n = 47). Consistent with the Family Stress Model, financial strain and neighborhood violence were associated with higher levels of mothers' depressed mood; depressed mood was linked to less parenting efficacy. Poor parenting efficacy was associated to more child internalizing and externalizing problems.
Linking academic quality to online faculty development and evaluation

Many colleges and universities are initiating or expanding their online degree programs. The shift in course delivery mode requires new approaches to assuring academic quality. To achieve continuous improvement in Information and Communication Technologies (specifically online learning), a research-based training, mentoring, and evaluation system was designed by a faculty team at Park University (USA). This session describes the development and successful use of three different quality assurance methods that can be adapted by institutions with varying resources, enrollments, and training and development needs. We will examine and discuss how efficient and effective systems can produce constructive evaluation and retention of online instructors in addition to desirable outcomes for students and institutions.
Evaluation of amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in tef, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter, and related species

Tef is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to investigate (1) genetic diversity within and among three Eragrostis species (E. tef, E. pilosa and E. curvula), and (2) the relationship between E. tef, E. pilosa and E. curvula. A total of 529 AFLP markers were obtained, out of which 58% (368) were polymorphic, using 10 primer, combinations. The three species were separated distinctly using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), However, diversity revealed at the morphological trait level was not commensurate with that observed for AFLP. This was due to the small number of morphological traits available and their interaction with the environment. Within tef, ‘Rubicunda’ and DZ-01-1093 were found to be distantly related to the rest of the tef accessions. The diversity within species was such that E. pilosa was the most diverse followed by E. curvula and E. tef. Moreover, E. pilosa was more closely related to E. tef than E. curvula. Therefore, further study is needed of E. pilosa accessions and of ‘Rubicunda’ and DZ-01-1093 in a crossing programme to generate a population for selection and/or genetic mapping. A total of 19 cultivars or accessions had one or more unique fragments using one or more AFLP primers, indicating the potential of the technology in fingerprinting tef in a breeding or seed multiplication programme.
Stem-cement porosity may explain early loosening of cemented femoral hip components: experimental-computational in vitro study.

A combination of laboratory experiment and computational simulation was performed to assess the role of interface porosity on stem migration. The early motion of in vitro prepared cemented femoral components was measured during application of cyclic stair climbing loads. Following testing, transverse sections were obtained and the distribution of pores at the stem–cement interface was determined. Finite element models of cemented stem constructs were developed and a scheme was implemented to randomly assign pores to the stem–cement interface. For a series of 14 in vitro prepared components, pore fractions at the stem–cement interface ranged from 23% to 67%. The majority of pores at the stem–cement interface were less than 1 mm in length with a mean length of 1.27 ± 2.7 mm and thickness of 0.12 ± 0.11 mm. For stems with large pore fractions, pores tended to coalesce in longer extended gaps over the stem surface. Finite element and experimental models both revealed strong positive correlations (r2 = 0.55–0.72; p < 0.0001) between stem–cement pore fraction and stem internal rotation, suggesting that the presence and extent of pores could explain the early motion of the stems. There was an increased volume of cement at risk of fatigue failure with increasing stem migration. Pore fractions greater than 30% resulted in large increases in stem internal rotation, suggesting that attempts to maintain surface porosity at or below this level may be desirable to minimize the risk of clinical loosening. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Stability Analysis of Positive Interval Type-2 TSK Systems With Application to Energy Markets

Positive systems play an important role in many fields including biology, chemistry, and economics, among others. This paper discusses the stability of interval type-2 discrete-time positive Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy systems. It discusses positive TSK systems and their nonzero equilibrium point. It then provides sufficient conditions for their exponential stability and instability. All the proposed stability and instability conditions can be tested using linear matrix inequalities. The stability and instability tests are demonstrated through application to a TSK model of the electric power market under a variety of market conditions.
An investigation of management’s commitment to construction safety

Abstract The costs resulting from injuries and equipment damage, combined with the associated financial loss resulting from schedule disruptions, insurance hikes, and workers compensation, impact the profitability of any construction operation. These costs may be minimized or avoided through focused safety efforts on construction job sites. The main purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between management commitment to safety and the frequency of construction-related injuries and illnesses. To achieve this purpose, a survey was developed and sent to a random sample of the top five hundred US construction companies. Survey results point to a clear statistical correlation between management commitment to safety and injury and illness rates.
Interplay of Confinement and Decay in the Spectrum of Charmonium

The spectrum of charmonium in the presence of a charmed-meson continuum is investigated. Radiative rates are in considerably better agreement with data than for the naive model, the largest discrepancy being a factor 2-3 for ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}+^{3}P_{0}$. The model accounts for the peak at \ensuremath{\sim} 4.2 GeV in $\ensuremath{\sigma}(e\overline{e}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{had})$, and predicts a further peak at \ensuremath{\sim} 3.75 GeV due to $1^{3}D_{1}$. The latter would be the most favorable location for a charm search in $e\overline{e}$ collisions.
Clinical utility of indium 111-labeled white blood cell scintigraphy for evaluation of suspected infection.

Indium 111 (111In)–labeled white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy is an imaging modality that is used in the diagnostic evaluation of occult infections when other imaging modalities are either contraindicated or uninformative. Labeled leukocytes migrate to and accumulate at sites of inflammation, which are then visualized on nuclear imaging. 111In-labeled WBC scans detect localized inflammation, but do not clearly distinguish between infectious and noninfectious inflammatory processes [1]. 111In-labeled WBC scans have been used in the diagnostic evaluation of fever of unknown origin (FUO) [2–4], prosthetic joint infections [3], vascular graft infections [5–7], and osteomyelitis [3, 8]. Test performance characteristics are traditionally reported in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy. Reported sensitivity of 111In-labeled WBC scans for the diagnosis of infectious conditions ranged from 60% to 100% and specificity ranged from 69% to 92% in several series (Table ​(Table1)1) [2–5, 7–9]. Furthermore, the sensitivity of 111In-labeled WBC scans for detection of chronic infections is reported to be similar to that for detection of acute infections [10]. Table 1. Selected Prior Studies of Test Characteristics of Indium 111–Labeled White Blood Cell Scans for Diagnosis of Infections 111In scans are often used as adjunctive tools in cases of diagnostic uncertainty. Providers look to the results of 111In scans to inform clinical decision making. However, Wanahita et al postulated that, despite sensitivity and specificity >80%, 111In-labeled WBC scans are not accurate enough to meaningfully impact clinical care in cases of difficult clinical decisions, such as whether or not to perform a revision arthroplasty on a suspected prosthetic joint infection [3]. This assertion warrants further evaluation. In the current era where increased emphasis is placed on decreasing waste and increasing value in clinical medicine, an assessment of the clinical utility of diagnostic tests must be considered. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the historical use of 111In-labeled WBC scans, and to assess the frequency with which 111In-labeled WBC scans significantly impacted clinical care at our tertiary care center.
Biodegradation of thermoplastic and thermosetting polyesters from Z‐protected glutamic acid

In a previous article, 1 the development and molecular characterization of three polyesters from N-carbobenzyloxy-L-glutamic acid (ZGluOH) were reported. The polymers were a linear, heterochain polyester (ZGluOH and ethylene glycol), a crosslinked heterochain polyester (ZGluOH and diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol), and a crosslinked, heterochain aromatic polyester (ZGluOH and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A). In this manuscript, results of biodegradation studies are reported. The three polymers hydrolyzed to low molecular weight oligomers similar to the monomers with lipase. When exposed to a mixed culture of micro-organisms, the first two resins degraded to biomass and respiratory gases. The crosslinked heterochain aromatic polyester resisted microbial degradation.
A kinetic model of the first intercalation of graphite

Abstract A model of first rapid intercalation is presented to describe the kinetics of intercalation. The model applies to interface-controlled intercalation, as for the intercalation of Br2 and other similar intercalates. In this model, intercalation proceeds by layer-by-layer nucleation and subsequent in-plane growth; a time gap is assumed between the nucleation of two successive intercalate layers. The model has been applied to analyze the variation of the surface and thickness profiles and mass increase during intercalation. Support of the model by relevant experimental results is discussed.
Prostaglandin I2 does not contribute to the hypotensive effect of the superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempo in rats with aortic coarctation-induced hypertension.

This study was designed to investigate the contribution of prostaglandins to the vasodepressor effect of the superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempo in rats made hypertensive by ligation of the abdominal aorta at a point between the left and right renal arteries. Rings of thoracic aorta taken from rats with aortic coarctation released more 6‐keto‐PGF1α (a non‐enzymatic product of PGI2 degradation) in the presence than in the absence of Tempo (1 mmol/L; 35.3 ± 10.1 versus 13.6 ± 2.6 pg/mg tissue). However, Tempo administered intravenously (2 mg/kg bolus injection plus infusion at 3 mg/kg/h) to rats with aortic coarctation did not increase significantly the concentration of 6‐keto‐PGF1α in vena cava blood. Treatment with Tempo did not affect the arterial pressure of un‐operated normotensive rats but promptly decreased the arterial pressure of rats with aortic coarctation‐induced hypertension (from 178 ± 2 to 125 ± 6 mmHg). The vasodepressor effect of Tempo in hypertensive animals was not affected by pretreatment...
Multiple Molecular Chaperones Complex with Misfolded Large Oligomeric Glycoproteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Thyroglobulin (Tg), the major protein secreted by thyroid epithelial cells and precursor of thyroid hormones, is a large dimeric glycoprotein with multiple disulfide bonds. The folding and assembly of this complex molecule begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is likely to involve a variety of reactions catalyzed by molecular chaperones (Kuznetsov, G., Chen, L. B., and Nigam, S. K. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 22990-22995). By coimmunoprecipitation in rat thyroid cells, we were able to demonstrate that BiP, grp94, ERp72, and grp170, four proteins believed to function as specific molecular chaperones, complex with Tg during its maturation. The same complex of the four putative chaperones with Tg was observed in cells treated with tunicamycin, indicating that these four ER chaperones stably associate with Tg when it is misfolded/misassembled due to inhibition of its glycosylation. BiP, grp94, and ERp72 were also found to associate with Tg in cells in which misfolding was induced by perturbing ER calcium stores. To determine if the assembly of a complex between the four chaperones and Tg under conditions of misglycosylation was unique to the maturation of this particular secretory protein or a more general phenomenon, adenovirus-transformed rat thyroid cells that do not synthesize Tg were analyzed. In these transformed cells, the only protein these same four chaperones were found to complex with was a protein of approximately 200 kDa. This protein was subsequently identified as thrombospondin, which, like Tg, is a large oligomeric secreted glycoprotein with multiple disulfide bonds. We therefore propose that these ER chaperones complex together with a variety of large oligomeric secretory glycoproteins as they fold and assemble in the ER.
Iga hybridomas: a method for generation in high numbers.

Abstract An immunization regimen has been developed which yields a high frequency of hybridomas producing IgA isotype, antigen-specific antibody when spleen cells from immunized mice are fused with non-immunoglobulin secreting murine myeloma cells. Germfree BALB/c mice were carrier-primed with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) by gastric intubation (GI) for 2 consecutive days followed 1 week later by GI with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-haptenated SRBC. After 7 days, spleen cells were fused with non-immunoglobulin secreting myeloma cells (X63-Ag8.653), and 2–3 weeks later, culture wells were scored for hybrid clones. Of 240 culture wells plated, 157 wells (65.4%) exhibited clones producing anti-TNP antibodies as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 50 specific cell lines were established, of which 27 clones (54%) produced IgA isotype anti-TNP antibodies, while the anti-TNP antibodies produced by the remaining 23 clones were approximately equally distributed between the IgM and IgG isotypes. The IgA and IgM monoclonal antibodies were more effective in hemagglutinating TNP-SRBC than were IgG isotype antibodies. This study describes a method for production of a high number of antigen-specific IgA hybridomas which will allow production of IgA monoclonal antibodies to important antigens on mucosally-associated pathogens, and thus allow elucidation of functions of IgA antibody at mucosal surfaces.
Tracking the Libor Rate

With an eye to providing a methodology for tracking the dynamic integrity of prices for important market indicators, in this paper we use Benford second digit reference distribution to track the daily London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) over the period 2005-2008. This reference, known as Benford’s law, is present in many naturally occurring numerical data sets as well as in several financial data sets. We find that in two recent periods Libor rates depart significantly from the expected Benford reference distribution. This raises potential concerns relative to the unbiased nature of the signals coming from the sixteen banks from which the Libor is computed and the usefulness of the Libor as a major economic indicator.
Cohomology of finite groups of Lie type, II

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Family Interactions as Targets for Intervention to Improve Social Adjustment After Epilepsy Surgery

Summary: Purpose: To identify family interactions associated with psychosocial outcome of epilepsy surgery, to design interventions to improve patient outcome. Methods: A cross-sectional, case series study of relations among observed family behavior and psychosocial outcome of 43 patients after temporal lobectomy. Videotaped family behavior during family discussion tasks was rated for predominant family affect, affective range, and support of patient autonomy. Multiple regression analyses tested the relation of observed family characteristics to outcomes, controlling for seizure control and other psychological and disease characteristics. Results: Predominant family affect predicted patients' social adjustment independent of postoperative seizure status and other disease characteristics. The relation between predominant affect and social adjustment was stronger among patients with persisting complex partial seizures (CPSs; r =−0.91), versus patients with auras (r =−0.38) and seizure-free patients (r =−0.28; multiple R = 0.71; p < 0.05). Families with a positive affective climate supported patients' autonomy. Conclusions: Two potential targets were identified for family intervention to improve postsurgical social adjustment: (a) family interactions that support a predominantly positive affective climate, and (b) family interactions that support patient autonomy. These findings are consistent with findings in normal and other clinical populations. They identify specific interactions that give rise to positive versus negative affective climate and support versus undermining of autonomy. These results lay the groundwork for intervention studies targeting these specific family interactions. Such intervention studies would clarify the direction of effect of the observed relationships and would test the efficacy of family intervention for improving psychosocial outcomes for patients with epilepsy.