cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central geographic atrophy vs. neovascular age–related macular degeneration: differences in longitudinal vision-related quality of life

Prior studies of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) have examined advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as a single group or focused on neovascular AMD (nAMD), even though advanced AMD can refer to either central geographic atrophy (GA) or nAMD. We compared the natural progression of VRQoL in central GA versus nAMD. We included Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) participants with central GA (n = 206) or nAMD (n = 198) who completed the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) between 1997 and 2005. The rate of change of VRQoL was calculated as the slopes of linear models fit to longitudinal individual-level NEI-VFQ scores. Multivariable regressions identified factors associated with experiencing a decline in VRQoL during the study period and cross-sectional VRQoL score. There was a minor decline in VRQoL prior to the development of nAMD but a significantly steeper decline after progression to nAMD (0.49 ± 2.91 vs. 3.30 ± 5.58 NEI-VFQ units/year; p < 0.001). The rates of VRQoL decline were similar before and after the development of central GA (1.99 ± 4.97 vs. 1.68 ± 4.65 NEI-VFQ units/year; p = 0.66). Prior to the development of advanced AMD, the rate of VRQoL decline was greater for participants destined to develop central GA versus nAMD (p = 0.007), while postprogression to advanced disease, the rate was greater in nAMD compared with central GA (p = 0.012). Female gender (odds ratio [OR] 2.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-5.06; p = 0.003) and higher baseline VRQoL score (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06; p = 0.006) were independently associated with experiencing a longitudinal decline in VRQoL. The natural progression of VRQoL differed in central GA versus nAMD, both before and after the development of advanced disease, suggesting that future studies should consider separating these phenotypes. Females and those with a higher baseline VRQoL were more likely to experience a longitudinal decline in VRQoL following progression to advanced AMD.
Design and engineering colloidal magnetic particles for nanoscale thermometry.

Thermometry based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is an emerging technology that allows for remote temperature measurements throughout a volume that are impossible to achieve using conventional probe-based or optical methods. This metrology is based on the temperature-dependent nature of these particles’ magnetization; however, commercially available MNPs generally display insufficient magneto-thermosensitivity for practical use in applications near room temperature. Here we present engineered MNPs based on cobalt-doped ferrites developed for 200 K – 400 K thermometry applications. The synthesis relies on easily scalable solution chemistry routes, and is tunable to afford MNPs of controlled size and composition. These improved nanothermometers form the basis of our effort to develop a practical means for spatially resolved, 3D, high-sensitivity measurements of temperature based on AC magnetometry. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009068, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009068
The Impact of Smoking on the Association between Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAS) and Thyroid Hormones: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAS) are known endocrine disrupting chemicals, potentially affecting thyroid function. Smoking has been associated with PFAS levels as well as with thyroid function. The impact of smoking on the association between PFAS and thyroid function remains to be elucidated, so the objective was to assess the effect of PFAS exposure on thyroid function in the general population, stratified by smoking status, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES adult participants who were part of the 2011-2012 laboratory subsample and had PFAS and thyroid function measured were included (n = 1325). Adjusted linear regression models and stratified analyses were performed. There was a significant positive association between perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (p = 0.003), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (p = 0.014), total PFAS (p = 0.004) concentrations and free T4 (FT4). No significant associations were found between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), PFNA, total PFAS and total T4 (TT4) or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In non-smokers, a significant positive association was found between PFOS (p = 0.003), PFHxS (p = 0.034), PFNA (p = 0.012), total PFAS (p = 0.003) and FT4 while no significant associations were found in smokers. The present study showed that increased PFAS exposure was associated with increased FT4 in non-smokers, while no association was found in smokers. These results confirm that smoking modifies the association between PFAS exposure and thyroid function.
Delayed Primary Closure versus Split-Thickness Skin Grafts for Pediatric Fasciotomy Closures for Acute Compartment Syndrome

Purpose: Fasciotomies are the standard of care for acute compartment syndrome to rapidly reduce intermuscular pressure. However, fasciotomy closures often present a challenge due to edema and skin retraction, limiting consensus particularly in pediatric patients. We hypothesize that delayed primary closure (DPC) would provide equivalent outcomes as split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) for fasciotomy closures but that STSG’s would lead to longer lengths of stay. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed …
Linear Theory of an Electron Cyclotron Maser Operating at the Fundamental

We report the development of a general, linear theory of an electron cyclotron maser (ECM) operating at the fundamental. A set of analytic expressions, valid for all TE cavity modes, is derived for the starting current and frequency detuning using the Vlasov-Maxwell equations in the weakly relativistic limit. These results are applicable for an arbitrary electron velocity distribution as well as any longitudinal distribution of the RF field. It is shown that the starting current can be expressed in a simple form which contains the Fourier transform of the longitudinal field distribution. Analytic results are presented for specific longitudinal field variations, including uniform, sinusoidal, and Gaussian. It is found that the starting characteristics of an ECM are stongly influenced by the axial dependence of the RF field, but weakly affected by the velocity spread of the electron beam. The problem of multimode oscillation is treated rigorously in the linear theory by using a Slater expansion of the cavity field. Mode competition is investigated for higher order cavity modes and examples are presented. The results of this comprehensive analysis of ECM linear theory should be useful as a diagnostic of ECM performance and should facilitate comparison between theory and experiment.
The Public's Defender: Analyzing the Impact of Electing Public Defenders

Almost every county in the United States elects its chief Prosecutor, but the chief Public Defender, if there is one, is generally an appointed position. In four states, however, some or all of the Public Defender offices have elected leaders. Although prosecutorial elections have been heavily studied and criticized, relatively little attention has been paid to the elections of their counterparts. This Note sheds light on how Public Defender elections impact a criminal justice ecosystem. A series of interviews with elected Public Defenders reveal these elections can enhance the independence and stature of the position. Additionally, the interviews and additional research rebut the primary criticism of these elections: that voters may elect someone who wanted to work against indigent defendants. There are simply very few examples relative to the many counties that have these elections. These qualitative findings are supported in part by further quantitative analyses. First, this Note found a correlation of increased Public Defense experience amongst the state judiciary in jurisdictions where there the chief Public Defender is elected. Second, this Note found a correlation between these elections and increased salary parity between Public Defenders and Prosecutors in the same state. Accordingly, this Note argues that some counties should explore making their chief Public Defender an elected position. While far from a panacea for the many issues facing the American criminal justice system, these elections could help enhance the quality of indigent defense where implemented.
Evaluation of secondary electronic cigarette inhalation on lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice using indirect calorimetry

Abstract The disruption of glucose homeostasis associated with the use of nicotine delivery systems may be due to a shift to lipid metabolism. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in female (N = 21) and male (N = 21) C57BL/6J mice exposed to room air (control) or e-cigarette vapor in a 1L chamber to test the hypothesis that lipid metabolism predominates in vaped mice. Metabolism was quantified via RER using a GA-200 gas analyzer (iWorx, Inc) and LabScribe v.4 (iWorx, Inc.) software. Blood glucose levels were assessed from a subset of the population using an Accu-Check glucometer (Roche Diagnostics, Inc.). Statistical analyses were conducted using R v.4.0.3. Median RER for controls was lower in females. Older females showed a reduction in RER when exposure occurred in the afternoon (p
Chapter 5. Narcotic Analgetics, Endorphins and the Opiate Receptor

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the major advancements in the elucidation of the physiological locations and the functions of endorphins, the discovery of peptide or classical narcotic structural analogs that are clinically effective for the relief of pain but lack addiction liability, and the determination of the nature of the opiate-receptor(s). While the exact physiological function of endogenous opiates remain under study, it is observed that exogenously administered endorphins and enkephalins produce morphine-like actions in animals and met-enkephalin inhibits the morphine abstinence syndrome in mice. β-Endorphin administration to animals causes analgesia and the development of tolerance to its analgetic effects. Analgesia is produced by the injection of enkephalins into the areas of the spinal cord. The self-administration of the enkephalins by mice suggests that, like morphine, the enkephalins causes euphoria and drive–reduction reward. The putative role of enkephalins as neurotransmitters is observed in the release of enkaphalins from guinea pig ileum strips because of electrical stimulation. The inhibitory effects of met- and leu-enkephalins are observed in acetylcholine release in myenteric plexus neurons. Enkephalins inhibit the release and turnover of acetylcholine in brain tissue. The enkephalins have similar inhibitory effects on some dopamine and substance P mediated neurons. The endorphins cause an opiate-like inhibition of c-AMP formation in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells.
The Media and Clinical Research

The news media are an increasingly important source of information about new medical treatments. The media can be persuasive, pervasive, and can influence health care beliefs and behaviors. This chapter briefly addresses the maturation process of medical controversy, discusses some of the reasons for the “tension” that develops between scientists and the media, and hopefully allows the reader when they are asked to discuss their research findings, to develop some strategies for dealing with the media.
Isolation and characterization of two growth factor-stimulated protein kinases that phosphorylate the epidermal growth factor receptor at threonine 669

A growth factor-stimulated protein kinase activity that phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor at Thr669 has been described (Countaway, J. L., Northwood, I. C., and Davis, R. J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 10828-10835). Anion-exchange chromatography demonstrated that this protein kinase activity was accounted for by two enzymes. The first peak of activity eluted from the column corresponded to the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) kinase. However, the second peak of activity was found to be a distinct enzyme. We present here the purification of this enzyme from human tumor KB cells by sequential ion-exchange chromatography. The isolated protein kinase was identified as a 46-kDa protein by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Gel filtration chromatography demonstrated that the enzyme was functional in a monomeric state. A kinetic analysis of the purified enzyme was performed at 22 degrees C using a synthetic peptide substrate based on the primary sequence of the EGF receptor (KREL VEPLT669PSGEAPNQALLR). The Km(app) for ATP was 40 +/- 5 microM (mean +/- S.D., n = 3). GTP was not found to be a substrate for the purified enzyme. The Km(app) for the synthetic peptide substrate was 260 +/- 40 microM (mean +/- S.D., n = 3). The Vmax(app) for the isolated protein kinase was determined to be 400-900 nmol/mg/min. The purified enzyme was designated EGF receptor Thr669 (ERT) kinase. It is likely that the MAP2 and ERT kinases account for the phosphorylation of the EGF receptor at Thr669 observed in cultured cells. The marked stimulation of protein kinase activity caused by growth factors indicates that these enzymes may have an important function during signal transduction.
Comparative study of climate and human impacts on seasonal baseflow in urban and agricultural watersheds

[1] This study explores the long-term trends of low flow magnitude and the slopes and shapes of the recession curves during winter and summer seasons under climatic and human factors. Four watersheds in the American Midwest are selected for the analysis, including two urban watersheds (Salt Creek and Des Plaines) and two agricultural watersheds (Embarras and Kankakee). The results show that the long-term baseflow recession slope trends in all the watersheds are primarily induced by human interferences. In the urban watersheds, the recession slopes decrease over time in both winter and summer due to effluent discharges. In the Kankakee watershed with irrigation, the recession slopes decrease in winter but increase in summer, and the opposite winter and summer trends are caused by the seasonal water use regime of irrigated agriculture. In the Embarras watershed with rainfed agriculture, the recession slopes decrease over time in winter but display no change in summer. Sources of water withdrawal (groundwater versus surface water) also have different impacts on the recession process. This long-term analysis of recession rates, in conjunction with the changes in low flow magnitude, offers valuable insight on human interferences to hydrologic processes. Beyond the specific case studies, this paper documents how a scientific approach based on existing streamflow observation can be applied to improving our understanding of the impact of human and climatic influences on baseflow and low flow processes.
Two-dimensional optimal algorithms for image compression using ARMA predictors

Adaptive differential pulse code modulation has been extensively used in image data compression due to its relative implementational simplicity. It has also been demonstrated that the use of backward adaptive autoregressive moving average (ARMA) predictors in differential encoding of images lead to subjective improvements in the edge performance. Algorithms using constant convergence factors have been applied to adapt the coefficients of the adaptive predictor. Recently, two-dimensional algorithms using optimized convergence factors have been proposed and investigated. In this paper, two of these algorithms are used to determine the backward adaptive prediction filter coefficients. Simulations and comparative results using both autoregressive (AR) and ARMA predictors show significant objective and subjective improvements when the algorithms using optimum convergence factors are used. >
L. K. Koegel and C. LaZebnik: Growing up on the Spectrum: A Guide to Life, Love, and Learning for Teens and Young Adults with Autism and Asperger’s

With early diagnosis and more effective interventions, the outcome for children with autism has substantially improved over the last several decades. As progressively more adolescents with autism spectrum disorders have entered college and the work force there has been a great need for a practical, adolescent and parent friendly guide to the challenges that come with increased independence and self-sufficiency. This volume provides a highly readable and very valuable guide for adolescents and young adults, and their families. Building on their successful earlier collaboration, Koegel and LaZebnik bring an important combination of perspectives to issues of adolescence and adulthood. The book is divided into several sections: an overview, a section on friendships, another on romantic relationships, school, beyond college, and improving daily life. The perspectives of the two authors, as parent and researcher, alternate along with practical examples of problems and solutions drawn from a range of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Provision of actual experiences and practical solutions tremendously enrich this volume. The perspectives of the authors nicely complement each other as do the questions and answers and comments from Andrew, the son of one of the authors. This book is both a pleasure to read and an invaluable resource for adolescents and young adults on the autism spectrum and their families.
A Construction of Complete Ricci-flat Kähler Manifolds

We consider an extension of the results of S. Bando, R. Kobyashi, G. Tian, and S. T. Yau on the existence of Ricci-flat Kahler metrics on quasi-projective varieties Y=X\D with \alpha[D]=c_1(X), \alpha >1. The requirement that D admit a Kahler-Einstein metric is generalized to the condition that the link S in the normal bundle of D admits a Sasaki-Einstein structure in the Sasaki-cone of the usual Sasaki structure provided the embedding D\subset X satisfies an additional holomorphic condition. If D is a toric variety, then S always admits a Sasaki-Einstein metric. As an application we prove that every small smooth deformation of a toric Gorenstein singularity admits a complete Ricci-flat Kahler metric asymptotic to a Calabi ansatz metric. Some examples are given which were not previously known.
Fast and Simple Methods For Computing Control Points

The purpose of this paper is to present simple and fast methods for computing control points for polynomial curves and polynomial surfaces given explicitly in terms of polynomials (written as sums of monomials). We give recurrence formulae w.r.t. arbitrary affine frames. As a corollary, it is amusing that we can also give closed-form expressions in the case of the frame (r, s) for curves, and the frame ((1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1) for surfaces. Our methods have the same low polynomial (time and space) complexity as the other best known algorithms, and are very easy to implement.
Teaching screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment to social work students

Although social workers encounter many clients with substance use problems, curricula rarely require education on addictions. The screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) model was initially directed to practicing physicians. Recently, training has evolved to include medical students. This study describes the first known application of SBIRT training to social work students. The goal was to assess students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward alcohol misuse before and after SBIRT training. Students were given a questionnaire assessing attitudes, knowledge and perceived skills with regard to substance misuse. A computerized training session focused on symptoms of at-risk drinking and implementing SBIRT. Descriptive statistics explained overall knowledge, attitudes, and perceived screening and intervention skills. T-tests compared changes pre- and post-test. Seventy-four social work students (33 undergraduate and 41 graduate) completed the training modules and pre- and post-tests. Significant differences were found in seven of the 13 questions. Students reported more confidence in their ability to assess for alcohol misuse and successfully intervene with clients who have substance use behaviors. They reported feeling more strongly that routine screening and brief intervention were crucial to clinical practice. Incorporating alcohol screening and brief intervention techniques into social work practice is an important aspect of effective treatment. Training students to screen and intervene is critical to improving treatment skills. Teaching SBIRT is a simple and effective way to implement addictions education into social work curricula. Such training appears to increase students’ perceptions of their ability to change client behaviors and reduce client alcohol misuse.
Spray angle effect during spray cooling of microelectronics: Experimental measurements and comparison with inverse calculations

Abstract An experimental and inverse computational study is presented of spray cooling of microelectronics with an emphasis on the spray angle effects on cooling performance. A thermal test chip provides the heated target, and is cooled by a single pressure swirl atomizer. Thermal readings were taken at the spray angles of 0–60°, at a fixed distance of 1.4 cm from the heated die surface. An inverse heat transfer computational algorithm is developed to calculate the unknown spray cooling heat fluxes using the measured temperature data inside the die. The computational scheme is a combination of the finite element method and the truncated single value decomposition with the discrepancy principle for determining the optimal truncation threshold value. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental measurements and calculated results. For this particular system, a direct estimate using temperature readings at two adjacent points would produce incorrect heat flux results and an inverse algorithm is deemed essential if an accurate heat flux is to be obtained from the measurements. It is found that a major cause for the drop-off is the reduction in spray volumetric flux delivered to the die at the greater spray angles.
Analysis of two inbred strains of mice derived from the SENCAR stock with different susceptibility to skin tumor progression

The SENCAR stock of mice has proved to be a useful model in dissecting out the multistage nature as well as the critical mechanisms involved in skin tumorigenesis. This outbred stock was selectively bred to be susceptible to initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In order to obtain mice more suitable for genetic analyses of tumor susceptibility and tissue transplantation studies, several inbred lines of mice were derived from the SENCAR stock. One of these lines, the SSIN mice, has a higher susceptibility to tumor promotion compared to the SENCAR stock but is very resistant to tumor progression. On the other hand, the SENCAR B/Pt mice, derived also from the outbred stock, not only have a tumor promotion susceptibility almost identical to the SSIN mice, but they also have a high susceptibility to tumor progression. In order to understand the nature of the phenotypic differences between these two inbred lines we have characterized them using several parameters and markers that are associated with the progression of papillomas to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this sense we analysed the tumor multiplicity and SCC incidence, and the expression of markers of progression and cell cycle related proteins in papillomas derived from both strains. Our results showed that while both strains have a similar papilloma multiplicity and incidence the SENCAR B/Pt mice have 67% incidence of SCC, compared to 0% in the SSIN. SENCAR B/Pt papillomas at 30 weeks of promotion have a higher and aberrant expression of K13, and loss of connexin 26. TGF-beta1 was found to be over-expressed in the suprabasal and superficial cells in the SENCAR B/Pt papillomas, while it was only expressed in the superficial cell layer in those derived from SSIN. The SENCAR B/Pt papillomas also showed an enlarged proliferative compartment with overexpression of cyclin D1 and PCNA as seen by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.
An annotated bibliography of fluidized bed combustion modeling information

Abstract The development of accurate and versatile performance models of fluidized bed combustion systems has become a critical aspect of the successful implementation of this technology. Information which is relevant to the development of such models is scattered throughout the technical literature in a variety of forms. This annotated bibliography attempts to provide a unified view of this literature and to synthesize a substantial fraction of the relevant citations within a model development framework.
A Satisfaction-Based Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Network

Due to the limited bandwidth resources, traditional networks can not completely guarantee the Quality of Service (QoS) among users with new class, thus how to allocate network resource effectively becomes a very important problem. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for an integrated cellular/WLAN network, namely Satisfaction-based Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (SDBA) algorithm. The main objective is to guarantee users’ satisfaction through allocating network resource dynamically according to proportional fairness based degradation and one-by-one search based degradation. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm not only reduces new call blocking probability (NCBP) and handoff call dropping probability (HCDP), but also maintain fairness among users.
Defect analysis and thermodynamic modeling of LaCoO3- δ

Abstract The defect structures of the LaCoO 3− δ perovskite are analyzed through thermodynamic modeling by means of the CALPHAD technique. It is discovered that charge disproportionation exists for Co 3+ in order to describe the relationship between the oxygen partial pressure and the oxygen deficiency. Based on available experimental data, a compound-energy model, (La 3+ ,Va) 1 (Co 2+ ,Co 3+ ,Co 4+ ,Va) 1 (O 2− ,Va) 3 , where Va stands for vacancy, is proposed and model parameters evaluated. It was consequently predicted from the thermodynamic model that the amounts of Co 2+ and Co 4+ are about 20% each when there is no oxygen deficiency.
The relationship between the perceived risk and attractiveness of gambles: A multidimensional analysis

Judgments of perceived risk and attractiveness for a set of 50 two-outcome gambles were obtained from 39 college students. The data were used to test various ordinal properties of the gambles implied by Pollatsek and Tversky's theory of risk and Coombs' Portfolio theory. In addition, the MDPREF multidimensional scaling procedure was used (1) to test the assumption that gambles are perceived and evaluated as multidimensional stimu li; (2) to determine the characteristics of gambles affecting perceived risk and attractiveness; (3) to as sess the extent of individual differences in percep tion of gambles; and (4) to test the implication of Portfolio theory that attractiveness is a function of perceived risk and expected value. The results sup ported the multidimensional nature of gambles and the implications of Portfolio theory. In the MDPREF analyses large individual differences were found in perceived risk and attractiveness of gam bles. Potential uses of multidimensional scaling techniques in further rese...
Gene transfer of a novel vasoactive natriuretic peptide stimulates cGMP and lowers blood pressure in mice

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) is a recently described peptide produced by Dendroaspis angusticeps with structural and functional similarities to mammalian natriuretic peptides. These similarities suggest a potential role for DNP in cardiovascular therapeutics. To determine the physiological effects of chronic delivery of DNP, a gene transfer approach using first generation adenoviral vectors was utilized. Although the gene for DNP has not been cloned in any species, the peptide sequence in the snake is known. Preferred mammalian codons for snake DNP were cloned downstream of either the leader sequence (referred to as pBDNP-1) or prepropeptide sequence of human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) cDNA (referred to as pBDNP-2). Transfections with pBDNP-1 or pBDNP-2 resulted in expected forms of chimeric DNP (cDNP) in cell lysates and conditioned media. Functional studies demonstrated the ability of both forms of cDNP within conditioned media to stimulate cGMP production in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC). Expressed cDNP inhibited hVSMC proliferation and stimulated vasorelaxation in a similar fashion. To investigate the chronic physiological effects of administration of cDNP, an adenoviral vector expressing cDNP (Ad-BDNP) was generated. Intravenous delivery of Ad-BDNP in mice resulted in dose-dependent systemic expression of cDNP. The highest level of expression was associated with consistent elevation of its presumed second messenger (cGMP) for 21 days but with transient lowering of systolic blood pressure in normotensive mice. This study demonstrates the biological features of the expression of the xenogenic peptide DNP.
Changing men who batter: A developmental model for integrated interventions

Kohlberg's theory of moral development is adopted to explain the change process of men who batter their wives and offer a rationale for implementing interventions. The theory presents six successive stages of development. The modality of an intervention, therefore, needs to be suited to the stage specific reasoning processes. Moreover, a sequence of integrated interventions is warranted to promote this change process in batterers, rather than only short-term deterrence or counseling programs.
PRESENTATION OF THE HARRELL L. STRIMPLE AWARD TO DEAN PEARSON

Dean Pearson functions as a professional paleontologist on all levels and is making amazing contributions to the paleontology of southwestern North Dakota. At 43, he is probably the youngest Strimple Award winner but his contributions easily merit the recognition of this award. In his two day jobs, Dean is a feed mill manager at Equity Feeds on Scranton, North Dakota and is the Bowman County Emergency Manager. He has had a strong interest in the natural world and paleontology since the age of six when he found a fragment of fossil turtle shell on a hike with his father to the top of Chalky Butte, the highest point in North Dakota. In 1983, in an attempt to revisit that site, a 26-yr-old Dean found the humerus of a fossil rhinoceros, which re-ignited his interest in fossils. He contacted the North Dakota Geological Survey, who put him in touch with John Hoganson, a newly hired paleontologist. John introduced him to Mike Williams from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History who was collecting dinosaur fossils in the Hell Creek Formation and Dean began to work with Mike. This began a pattern where Dean would meet and work with visiting professionals. He learned from them and eventually began to collaborate with them. Now they come to him for advice. Dean is a voracious reader and his ability to acquire knowledge is one of his more impressive talents. He takes careful notes and asks thoughtful and practical questions. And he remembers …
Congenital bladder diverticula in adult twins

We present two cases of apparent congenital bladder diverticula in adult twins associated with progressive hearing loss.
Oral and limb apraxia in mentally retarded children with deviant articulation.

Summary A children's version of the De Renzi, Pieczuro and Vignolo Test for Oral and Limb Apraxia was developed and administered to 33 children of normal intelligence with articulatory disorders and 30 retarded children and adults with defective articulation matched in mental age with the non-retardates. The retarded group was also divided into two etiological categories, organic and non-organic, based on diagnosis of the residential institution. Results indicated significant between group differences with the organic retardates exhibiting significant degrees of apraxia as defined by the test. Non-organic retardates exhibited significant but less apraxic involvement. Correlational techniques revealed no significant association of apraxia with defective articulation but an association of apraxia with vocabulary mental age and intelligence.
The preparation of carbohydrate-protein conjugates: cyanuric trichloride coupling of 2-aminoethyl glycosides, and mixed-anhydride coupling of 8-carboxyoctyl glycosides to bovine serum albumin.

Abstract Preparation of the following glycosides is described: 2-aminoethyl β- d -glycosides of (A) 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-2-deoxy- d -glucopyranose, (B) 2-acetamido-4- O -(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranosyl)-3,6-di- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranose (N,N′-diacetylchitobiose pentaacetate), (C) 4- O -(2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-β- d -glucopyranosyl)-2,3,6-tri- O -acetyl-β- d -glucopyranose (cellobiose heptaacetate); 8-carboxyoctyl glycosides of (D) cellobiose, and (E) N,N′-diacetylchitobiose. Conjugates were prepared from (A), (B), and (C) by coupling to bovine serum albumin by cyanuric trichloride and subsequent deacetylation; (D) and (E) were coupled to bovine serum albumin by the mixed-anhydride reaction. Conjugates (A) and (B) were insoluble; conjugates (C), (D), and (E) functioned as artificial antigens and gave rise to precipitating antibodies in rabbits. Specificities of the antisera were determined by inhibition studies.
Spin-dependent dynamics of polaron pairs in organic semiconductors

We present a theoretical investigation of the effect of spin manipulation of polaron pairs PPs on the conductivity of organic semiconductors. Control of the PP spin state is achieved using pulsed electron-spin resonance. We demonstrate that manipulation of PPs will result in changes in the free-polaron density in the material, with corresponding changes in the conductivity due to the contribution of PP dissociation to the free-carrier density. The time-dependent form of this conductivity change following spin resonant perturbation is determined, and the effect of a number of experimental variables investigated. We find that, under certain conditions, these time-dependent current measurements reveal the dynamics of PP intersystem crossing. We compare these predictions with previous experiments on organic light-emitting diodes made of poly2-methoxy-5-2-ethyl-hexyloxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene and conclude that PP intersystem crossing times isc in this material may exceed 10 s at low temperatures.
Influence of a hot and humid environment on the patient with coronary heart disease.

Abstract A hot and humid environment can increase cardiac work as much as strenuous physical exericse. The environment should, therefore, be made comofortable not only for the patient with heart disease but also for aged people and for patients with debilitating states or any illness in which thermal regulation should be facilitated. There is definite need to consider the hot and humid environment produced by climate, industrial working conditions, or overrcrowding of the sickroom in the treatment of all patients in whom it is discred to reduce cardiac work. Greater use of air conditioning in hospitals, cardiac wards, offices, and homes will assist toward this end. Many important problems concering the influences of the hot and humid environment upon man remain unsolved and should be studied.
Optimal design method to achieve both good robustness and efficiency in loosely-coupled wireless charging system employing series-parallel resonant tank with asymmetrical magnetic coupler

In wireless charging applications, it is often desirable to minimize the weight and size of the receiver coil (Rx) while the transmitter coil (Tx) may be larger so as to provide a stronger and/or more uniform magnetic field and to accommodate the magnetizing current flowing in the Tx coil. Furthermore, in many applications, the receiver coil geometry is often limited by the dimensions of the movable battery-powered system, whereas the transmitter coil geometry can be larger. Consequently, the need for asymmetrical coupler implementation is increasing. In this paper, detailed analysis of series-parallel (SP) resonant topology of asymmetrically-implemented resonant tank (ART) type is performed in the frequency domain to explain various trade-offs and to provide detailed design criteria. In the analysis, general expressions for voltage gain and current gain are used to derive design-oriented equations that ensure various desirable characteristics in the frequency domain. These equations can be used for optimally designing SP resonant tanks of ART type as well as symmetrically-implemented resonant tank (SRT) type. In this paper, it is shown that using the presented design equations to meet the design criteria allows achieving high robustness in power delivery characteristics under coupling (k) variation with only a small increase in circulating current in a coupler.
The Effect of Debeaking on the Mating Ability of Meat Type Males

Abstract The debeaking of breeder cockerels is not a common practice due to the belief that the male’s ability to mate will be impaired and result in poor fertility. Evidence indicating that debeaking does not adversely affect fertility has been presented by Sherwood and Milby (1956), Bauermann (1959), and Siegel and Martin (1960). Tindell (1964) indicated that debeaking was one means of reducing mortality among males held in confinement from 8–38 weeks of age, but did not present any data on subsequent mating ability or fertility. The data reported in this paper were obtained in conjunction with another study utilizing F3 generation males selected in divergent directions for mating ability. A random bred control line was also measured. All males were debeaked (one-half of the upper beak was removed) at 15 weeks of age, with the exception of an additional group of low line males which were not debeaked. Mating…
Helper-Free Foamy Virus Vectors

ABSTRACT Retroviral vectors based on human foamy virus (HFV) have been developed and show promise as gene therapy vehicles. Here we describe a method for the production of HFV vector stocks free of detectable helper virus. The helper and vector plasmid constructs used both lack the HFV bel genes, so recombination between these constructs cannot create a wild-type virus. A fusion promoter that combines portions of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early and HFV long terminal repeat (LTR) promoters was used to drive expression of both the helper and vector constructs. The CMV–LTR fusion promoter allows for HFV vector production in the absence of the Bel-1 trans-activator protein, which would otherwise be necessary for efficient transcription from the HFV LTR. Vector stocks containing either neomycin phosphotransferase or alkaline phosphatase reporter genes were produced by transient transfection at titers greater than 105 transducing units/ml. G418-resistant BHK-21 cells obtained by transduction with neo ...
Motion of Transverse Shock Tester Guided by Parallelogram Mechanism

The transverse shock tester is an important device to assess the shock resistance ability of ship equipments. Because of the shock point and the gravity center of the tester are not on the same horizontal, the device may generate huge overturning moment. We adopt the finite element method to do the dynamics analysis of the transverse shock tester, using the parallelogram mechanism as its guide device, to analysis its output waveform and other problems, and find: it will appear saw-tooth acceleration waveform result from the oscillation caused by the overturning moment during the impact process; the oscillation will greatly increases the hinge load--changed following the oscillation amplitude periodically--of the parallelogram mechanism; the hinge inner friction almost has no effect on the impact tester movement or the output waveform. From the above statements, we can see that the parallelogram mechanism can not only share the overturning moment generated by the transverse impact, but also can ensure to get the desired output waveform, thus it suits to be used as the guide device of the transverse shock tester.
Latchup in CMOS Devices from Heavy Ions

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) microcircuits are inherently latchup prone. The four layer n-p-n-p structures formed from the parasitic pnp and npn transistors comprise a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) which, if properly biased, may be triggered "ON" by electrical transients, ionizing radiation or a single heavy ion. This latchup phenomenon might cause loss of functionality or device burnout. For space applications cosmic ray heavy ions are a significant threat and the latchup of a CMOS circuit is a major system concern because of its catastrophic nature. This paper presents the results of testing nineteen different device types from six manufacturers to investigate their latchup sensitivity with argon and krypton beams. The parasitic npnp paths have been generally identified, and a qualitative rationale for latchup susceptibility and a latchup cross section is given for each device type. The correlation between bit-flip sensitivity and latchup susceptibility is also presented.
Evaluating neuroprotective agents for clinical anti-ischemic benefit using neurological and neuropsychological changes after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Methodological strategies and results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of GM1 ganglioside

Background and Purpose Many neuroprotective agents (NPAs) are effective in acute experimental cerebral ischemia in animals. None have proven effective in human stroke trials. Even short treatment delays cause substantial efficacy loss. Cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CS-CPB) causes cerebral ischemia with cognitive impairment at a predeterminable time point and should permit efficient screening of NPAs for stroke benefit. We sought to develop sensitive methods to assess dysfunction from CS-CPB in a double-blind trial of the NPA GM1 ganglioside. Methods Eighteen GM1 and 11 Control patients received GM1 300 mg or placebo, two doses intravenously, before nonemergency CS-CPB. Independent examiners administered structured neurological examinations and neuropsychological test batteries at Baseline and 1 day (Acute Postop; neurological only), 1 week (Early F/U), and ≥6 months (Long-term F/U) postoperatively; using defined procedures they employed ordinal Clinical Change Scores (CCSs) to quantify neu...
Precise Determination of the K L − K S Mass Difference by the Gap Method (University of Chicago-University of Illinois Chicago Circle Collaboration)

The ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{K}_{S}$ mass difference, $\ensuremath{\Delta}m\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{({M}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{M}_{S}){c}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$, has been redetermined in a high-statistics experiment performed at the zero-gradient synchrotron of Argonne National Laboratory, using the "gap method" originally developed at Princeton. Two independent measurements, using ${\mathrm{B}}_{4}$C and Cu, respectively, as regenerators, were performed and gave consistent results. Their mean is $\ensuremath{\Delta}m=(0.542\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. With this value, the result of our recent determination of arg ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{+\ensuremath{-}}$ by "vacuum regeneration" is recalculated to be (44.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5.0)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, where the error allows for the uncertainty in $\ensuremath{\Delta}m$ given above.
The phenomenology of real and illusory tip-of-the-tongue states

The tip-of-the-tongue state (TOT) is the phenomenological experience that a word is on the verge of being recalled. Most research has been directed at TOT etiology and at retrieval processes occurring during a TOT. In this study, TOT phenomenology was examined. In Experiment 1, strong TOTs were more likely than weak TOTs to be followed by correct recognition, and resolution (later recall) of TOTs was higher for strong than for weak TOTs, but only for commission errors. In Experiment 2, emotional TOTs were more likely to be resolved and recognized than nonemotional TOTs. In Experiment 3, imminence was defined as the feeling that retrieval is about to occur. Imminent TOTs were more likely to be followed by resolution and recognition than were nonimminent TOTs. Illusory TOTs (TOTs for unanswerable questions) tended to be weaker, less emotional, and less imminent than TOTs for answerable questions.
Isolation and structure of [Re2Cl7(dto)]−. A quadruply bonded intermediate in an intramolecular disproportionation reaction

Abstract The preparation and structural characterization of (n-Bu4N)[Re2Cl7(dto)] (dto = 3,6-dithiaoctane) is described. Crystallographic parameters at 20°C are a = 11.299 (3), b = 11.552 (4), c = 14.645 (4) A, α = 108.19 (2)°, β = 104.07 (2)°, γ = 88.65 (3)°, Z = 2, and space group P−1. This compound is the first example of a quadruply bonded complex of the type [Re2X7(LL)]−. The anion has a slightly staggered structure in which the dto ligand coordinates in an equatorial-axial arrangement on one Re atom. The Re-Re bond distance is 2.248 (1) A. This complex is an air-stable intermediate in the formation of triply bonded Re2Cl5(dto)2 from quadruply bonded (n-Bu4N)2[Re2Cl8].
Dental evolution in prehistoric Native Americans of the Ohio valley area. I. Wear and pathology

Temporal patterns of tooth wear rates (loss of crown height) and dental pathologies (caries, abscess, and tooth loss) are estimated for 40 Native American populations of the upper Ohio River valley area ranging in time from the Late Archaic (ca. 3500 years BP) to Protohistoric times (ca. 350 years BP). Within this time span three ‘dental cultural ecological environments’ are recognized: high rates of wear, low frequencies of pathology (Late Archaic), low rates of wear, low frequencies of pathologies (Woodland, ca. 2500–1000 years BP), and low rates of wear and high frequencies of pathologies (Late Prehistoric, ca. post-1000 years BP). Phenotypic selection acting to maintain tooth size is associated with pre-ceramic, hunter–fisher–gatherers in the first dental environment. The introduction and development of ceramics at the end of the Late Archaic is associated with significant reduction in tooth wear rates and reduction in size of maxillary teeth, most likely due to selection. From at least the Middle Woodland period (ca. 2000 years BP) to the end of the time sequence considered, tooth size in Ohio Valley Native Americans was stable, with minor fluctuations due to genetic drift. At present there is no evidence that major changes in diet at the beginning of the Late Prehistoric period affected tooth size, even though the frequencies of dental pathologies increased dramatically. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.