cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing Affective Domain Learning in Health Professions Education

The delivery of effective 21st-century multidisciplinary healthcare requires that clinicians focus on patient needs and concerns and are able to communicate compassionately and appropriately so that patient-practitioner trust is engendered. To develop interpersonal skills among healthcare providers, health professions education programs must build student competencies in the affective domain of learning. This paper seeks to investigate the efficacy of some of the contemporary strategies used to present and assess affective domain learning in health professions education, including the think-pair-share technique, reflective journaling, simulation and role play, motivational interviewing, and structured controversy. Additionally, the role of contemporary technology-based learning platforms as barriers or facilitators of affective learning is discussed. Finally, the utilization of various teaching methodologies in conjunction with pedagogical factors such as instructor approach, student feedback, and judicious course design is considered. Evidence suggests that affective learning competencies are best achieved when teaching practices are designed to improve self-awareness, expose multiple points of view, shape perspective transformation, and emphasize the interpersonal skills needed to master person-centered care.
Synergistic and antagonistic effects of various amphiphilic polymer combinations in enhancing griseofulvin release from ternary amorphous solid dispersions.

Abstract We aimed to elucidate the impact of various amphiphilic polymers on drug wettability and recrystallization inhibition and in turn drug release from binary and ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Griseofulvin (GF) was selected as a challenging, fast-crystallizing poorly soluble drug. GF solutions with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), Kollidon VA64 (VA64), and Soluplus® (Sol) were spray-dried to prepare various binary and ternary GF ASDs. XRPD, DSC, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ASDs and suggested that HPC appears to have lower miscibility and weaker interactions with GF than Sol/VA64 with GF. In dissolution tests, the Sol-based ASD generated supersaturation very slowly and achieved 170% GF supersaturation in 210 min (230% after 6 h). The HPC-based ASD exhibited fast recrystallization in the matrix due to its low glass transition temperature and poor miscibility of HPC with GF; whereas VA64-based ASD exhibited 220% supersaturation in 10 min followed by rapid GF recrystallization. The modified Washburn experiments revealed significant wettability enhancement of GF by HPC/VA64 and inadequate enhancement by Sol, which explains the initial rapid release from VA64-based ASD and slow supersaturation build-up in Sol-based ASD. Poor GF recrystallization inhibition ability of the HPC/VA64 was confirmed by desupersaturation tests and polarized light microscope imaging. Addition of HPC to Sol and VA64 deteriorated the GF release from the ASDs with either Sol or VA64 alone. In most cases, combination of Sol with HPC/VA64 led to a trade-off between high supersaturation and rapid drug release. A strong synergistic effect emerged for the ASD with 5:1 Sol:VA64: ~220% supersaturation within 30 min was generated and maintained over three hours, whereas an antagonistic effect was observed for 1:5 Sol:VA64 with 70% supersaturation. The combination of an amphiphilic polymer that provides effective drug wettability enhancement (VA64) as a minor component along with an amphiphilic crystallization inhibiting polymer as a major component (Sol), which also provides micellar solubilization of the drug, in a ternary ASD exhibited synergistic rapid drug release with prolonged supersaturation.
Complex Roots of a Quadratic Equation Graphically.

Fig. 1. Graphic solution of x2 + ax + b = 0 when the roots are complex. C: y = 2 + a + 6. To find the complex roots a ? i? of (1), proceed as follows: Draw the axis of sym metry of the parabola and mark points V the vertex of the parabola and the inter section of the axis of the parabola with the x-axis. Determine Q so that V is the mid point of segment PQ. Draw the line paral lel to the x-axis passing through Q and intersecting the parabola in points R and S. We shall show a and ? to be the x-coor dinates of and | QS\ respectively. First by the quadratic formula the roots of (1) are (? a ? Va2 ? 46)/2 and, since a2 ? 46 < 0, the roots may be rewritten as ? a/2 ? t'(\/46 ? a2)/2. Hence, a = a/2 and ? = (V46 a2)/2. Now the parabola C: y = 2 + a + 6 of figure 1 has standard form y (6 a2/4) = ( + a/2)2. Thus and V will have coordinates (? a/2, 0), (? a/2, 6 ? a2/4) respectively, and Q will have coordinates (? a/2, 26 ? a2/2). Thus a = ? a/2 is verified as the x-coor dinate of (or V or Q). The fact that ? = I QS\ remains to be verified. The x-coordinate of points R and S will be found by solving the equations of C and RS simultaneously. The line RS will have equation y = 26 ? a2/2. S and R will have, as x-coordinates, the solutions of the equation x2 + ax + 6 = 26 ? a2/2, i.e., a/2 ? (V46 a2)/2 and | QS\ =V462 a2/2. Then ? = ?(?Si The above method gives the complex roots almost as easily as the conventional graphic method yields the real roots.
Between the Market and Solidarity: Commercializing Development Aid and International Higher Education in Socialist Yugoslavia

This article examines how self-managed faculties in socialist Yugoslavia adopted market mechanisms in the 1970s and 1980s to attract international students and thus contributed to a commercialization of higher education. In the 1950s, Yugoslavia became a destination for students from postcolonial states because of its nonaligned politics. While Yugoslav officials first emphasized aid to students through scholarships, this article argues that projects based on profit seeking began to dominate thinking about aid in the late 1960s. Using archival records in Croatia and Serbia as well as UNESCO and World Bank reports, this article shows how domestic and international factors influenced these changes. Domestically, decentralizing political reforms and decreased funding for higher education allowed republic policy makers to disconnect technical aid from political priorities and to pursue self-financing international students. Detached from centralized policy making, Yugoslav university and republic leaderships, primarily in SR Croatia and SR Serbia, chose the immediate profits of international students over long-term investments in scholarship students. Internationally, reforms promoted by UNESCO and the World Bank shifted aid away from university training abroad to vocational training in situ. These new policies complemented an emerging international division of labor suited more to the economic interests of OECD states and multinational corporations than developing states.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy: A Case of Comorbid PTSD, ADHD, and GAD

This case study displays the successful application of Prolonged Exposure (PE) for a client with diagnoses of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ...
Lightweight Deployable L-Band Patch Antenna Array for Ice Sounding

An ultra-lightweight L-band patch antenna array is designed for the high sensitivity ground-based ice-sounding radar system. The antenna array achieves a realized gain of 29 dBi, which is benefit from the $2.88\ \mathrm{m}\times 1.44\ \mathrm{m}$ large aperture size. Despite its large size, the overall weight of the array including power dividers, cables and mechanical structures is only 36 kg and the thickness is less than 2 cm. The modulated design enables easy transportation to polar regions. For low-profile and wideband performance, U-slot air-substrate patch is used as single antenna element. The $16\times 8$ large array operates from 1.17 to 1.48 GHz with a bandwidth of 310 MHz. Also, the antenna array is combined to 8 channels for the radar system, each channel can handle 2 kW peak power with customized power divider design. The antenna array was deployed in Antarctica in 2019 field season.
A physics-informed deep learning framework for inversion and surrogate modeling in solid mechanics

Abstract We present the application of a class of deep learning, known as Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINN), to inversion and surrogate modeling in solid mechanics. We explain how to incorporate the momentum balance and constitutive relations into PINN, and explore in detail the application to linear elasticity, and illustrate its extension to nonlinear problems through an example that showcases von Mises elastoplasticity. While common PINN algorithms are based on training one deep neural network (DNN), we propose a multi-network model that results in more accurate representation of the field variables. To validate the model, we test the framework on synthetic data generated from analytical and numerical reference solutions. We study convergence of the PINN model, and show that Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) results in superior accuracy and convergence characteristics compared with classic low-order Finite Element Method (FEM). We also show the applicability of the framework for transfer learning, and find vastly accelerated convergence during network re-training. Finally, we find that honoring the physics leads to improved robustness: when trained only on a few parameters, we find that the PINN model can accurately predict the solution for a wide range of parameters new to the network—thus pointing to an important application of this framework to sensitivity analysis and surrogate modeling.
Quantifying false positional corrections due to facial motion using SGRT with open-face Masks.

Purpose Studies have evaluated the viability of using open-face masks as an immobilization technique to treat intracranial and head and neck cancers. This method offers less stress to the patient with comparable accuracy to closed-face masks. Open-face masks permit implementation of surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) to assist in positioning and motion management. Research suggests that changes in patient facial expressions may influence the SGRT system to generate false positional corrections. This study aims to quantify these errors produced by the SGRT system due to face motion. Methods Ten human subjects were immobilized using open-face masks. Four discrete SGRT regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed based on anatomical features to simulate different mask openings. The largest ROI was lateral to the cheeks, superior to the eyebrows, and inferior to the mouth. The smallest ROI included only the eyes and bridge of the nose. Subjects were asked to open and close their eyes and simulate fear and annoyance and peak isocenter shifts were recorded. This was performed in both standard and SRS specific resolutions with the C-RAD Catalyst HD system. Results All four ROIs analyzed in SRS and Standard resolutions demonstrated an average deviation of 0.3 ± 0.3 mm for eyes closed and 0.4 ± 0.4 mm shift for eyes open, and 0.3 ± 0.3 mm for eyes closed and 0.8 ± 0.9 mm shift for eyes open. The average deviation observed due to changing facial expressions was 1.4 ± 0.9 mm for SRS specific and 1.6 ± 1.6 mm for standard resolution. Conclusion The SGRT system can generate false positional corrections for face motion and this is amplified at lower resolutions and smaller ROIs. These errors should be considered in the overall tolerances and treatment plan when using open-face masks with SGRT and may warrant additional radiographic imaging.
Long-term cigarette smoke exposure dysregulates pulmonary T cell response and IFN-γ protection to influenza virus in mouse

Influenza is a highly contagious, acute, febrile respiratory infection caused by a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, which belongs in the Orthomyxoviridae family. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure worsens influenza infection in terms of frequency and severity in both human and animal models. C57BL/6 mice with or without CS exposure for 6 weeks were inoculated intranasally with a single, non-lethal dose of the influenza A virus (IAV) A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) strain. At 7 and 10 days after infection, lung and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) cells were collected to determine the numbers of total CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, and IAV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, using flow cytometry. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was also collected to determine IFN-γ levels and total protein concentration. Although long-term CS exposure suppressed early pulmonary IAV-antigen specific CD8 + and CD4 + T cell numbers and IFN-γ production in response to IAV infection on day 7 post-infection, CS enhanced numbers of these cells and IFN-γ production on day 10. The changes of total protein concentration in BALF are consistent with the changes in the IFN-γ amounts between day 7 and 10, which suggested that excessive IFN-γ impaired barrier function and caused lung injury at the later stage of infection. Our results demonstrated that prior CS exposure caused a biphasic T cell and IFN-γ response to subsequent infection with influenza in the lung. Specifically, the number of IAV antigen-specific T cells on day 10 was greatly increased by CS exposure even though CS decreased the number of the same group of cells on day 7. The result suggested that CS affected the kinetics of the T cell response to IAV, which was suppressed at an early stage and exaggerated at a later stage. This study is the first to describe the different effect of long-term CS on T cell responses to IAV at early and late stages of infection in vivo.
The Turning Movement Estimation in Real Time (TMERT) Model: Lower Bound Constraint Calibration

Abstract Intersection travel demand is critical for enhancing traffic efficiency in urban areas and is identified through intersection turning movement (TM) flows. Agencies often use models to inexpensively estimate the most probable TM arrangement from available link detections. The Turning Movement Estimation in Real Time (TMERT) model estimates TMs from network geometric data and sparse 5-minute link flow detections. A robust lower bound constraint regime L* builds the TMERT3 model version, which produces more consistent and accurate TM estimates than the latest model version TMERT2. So, TMERT3 can improve traffic management strategies used to maintain the traffic demand-supply equilibrium.
Validation of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis as the Cause of End-Stage Renal Disease in the US Renal Data System.

Objective The objective of this study was to validate the diagnosis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) as the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the US Renal Data System (USRDS). Methods We identified patients with ESRD in the Mass General Brigham (MGB) health care system who were enrolled in the USRDS. The health records of those with AAV listed as the primary cause of ESRD in the USRDS were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and estimate positive predictive value (PPV). Sensitivity was estimated by evaluating the primary cause of ESRD listed in the USRDS for patients with ESRD due to AAV in the MGB AAV cohort. Results We identified 89 MGB patients with ESRD due to AAV in the USRDS. Of these, 85 cases were confirmed to be true cases of AAV (PPV = 94%). Among the patients classified as having AAV, 84 (99%) had an ANCA test, which was predominantly myeloperoxidase/P-ANCA (47 [55%]); 36 (42%) had a renal biopsy, and all biopsies were supportive of the diagnosis. The majority (81 [90%]) was identified as AAV by International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision or International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (446.4 or M313.1). Of the 77 MGB AAV cohort patients with ESRD who were linked to the USRDS, 41 (53%) had AAV listed as the cause of ESRD; in the remainder, ESRD was attributed to nonspecific nephritis. Conclusion The diagnosis of AAV as the cause of ESRD in the USRDS has a high PPV; sensitivity was moderate. These findings support the continued use of the USRDS to study ESRD due to AAV.
Characterizing the role of phosphorus availability and periphytic algae in the food choice and performance of detritivorous caddisflies (Trichoptera:Limnephilidae)

AbstractOrganisms that rely on detritus as their primary food source may face particularly strong nutritional constraints on growth and development, given the characteristically poor quality of det...
Vibrational frequencies of the ã (1A2) and ã(3a2) nπ states of formaldehyde. scaled ab initio force fields - A new application

Abstract A new method based on scaled ab initio force fields is introduced for calculating excited-state vibrational frequencies. Application to formaldehyde confirms the need to revise the value of v 3 (A, H 2 CO), but not the value of v 3 (a, D 2 CO).
Rights as Trumps

In this essay, I question Professor Fallon's strong rejection of the notion that "rights are trumps" by making four points. First, rights are trumps in the single, but important, sense that they preclude the exercise of powers granted to government by the constitutional text. Second, rights sometimes operate as trumps on governmental powers in the very purse sense that they cut off all consideration of governmental interests. Third, even when the Court considers government interests in dealing with rights, it often does so on such a restricted basis that the description of rights as "trumps" remains accurate. Finally, even accepting the proposition that the fixing of rights inescapably involves a broad-based balancing of government and individual interests, there is a need to state principles for striking the balance at a very high level of generality. In my view, given our long, wise, and textually compelled constitutional heritage of individual liberty and equality, there is much to be said, both descriptively and normatively, for a constitutional vocabulary that proclaims that, at least sometimes, rights are trumps.
Plethora in the newborn infant associated with cyanosis and convulsions; a review of postnatal erythropoiesis.

Summary Two cases are reported demonstrating abnormally high erythrocyte values in the neonatal period associated with anorexia, lethargy, cyanosis, and convulsions. The clinical signs subsided after the infants were bled and given plasma infusions. Possible mechanisms associated with this abnormality and the rationale of treatment are discussed.
Huayan Buddhism And Dewey: Emptiness, Compassion, And The Philosophical Fallacy

Huayan Buddhist philosophers and John Dewey share a perspective on emptiness or dependent origination. This article compares Dewey's local, contextual, and relational metaphysics with Huayan thinkers’ use of the metaphor of Indra's jewel net to extend their relational metaphysics to an infinite extent. Huayan thinkers base their ethics of compassion on the recognition of the infinite relatedness of all things. Dewey prefers constructing social institutions that foster experiences that are reliably aesthetically unified. This dispute is significant because pragmatism and Buddhism both provide promising ethical positions based on the understanding of persons as temporally limited and relational.
Context-specific intention awareness through web query in robotic caregiving

To provide the elderly with appropriate and timely caregiving in activities of daily life (ADL), it is desired for robots to have the capability of intention awareness (IA). Different from existing context-specific intention awareness (CSIA) approaches which are based on a limited and passive knowledge database, our approach, named ‘WebIA’, adopts a novel web query approach to establish a vast and active knowledge database for robots to perform CSIA. In our method, robots are endowed with comprehensive commonsense knowledge towards the correlations of the surrounding environment and human intentions. WebIA enables robots to effectively infer intentions in both trained familiar and untrained new situations. By performing several experiments, we evaluated two aspects of the WebIA approach: the effectiveness of IA in familiar situations and the self-learning ability in new situations.
Perioperative estimation of the intracranial pressure using the optic nerve sheath diameter during liver transplantation

An elevation of the intracranial pressure (ICP) secondary to cerebral edema is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in acute liver failure. In addition, invasive ICP monitoring in this setting is controversial because coagulopathy predisposes patients to hemorrhagic complications. In this case report, we describe the novel use of optic nerve sheath diameter monitoring as a noninvasive modality for checking for acute elevations in ICP in this setting. Because of the merits of rapidly evolving ultrasound technologies, this may serve as a safe method for improving patient care in this setting.
New Precedent in Family Policy: Individualized Family Service Plan

By requiring a family focus in the provision of early intervention services, the Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) provisions of Public Law 99–457 establish a new precedent in public policies for families of children with disabilities. In this article, the conceptual and procedural mandates of the IFSP are analyzed from two perspectives: as bold, radical steps taken by the federal government and as logical extensions of current service delivery practices that focus on the child but involve parents in planning and implementing programs. The implications of these perspectives for policy and program implementation are discussed.
deSEO: combating search-result poisoning

We perform an in-depth study of SEO attacks that spread malware by poisoning search results for popular queries. Such attacks, although recent, appear to be both widespread and effective. They compromise legitimate Web sites and generate a large number of fake pages targeting trendy keywords. We first dissect one example attack that affects over 5,000 Web domains and attracts over 81,000 user visits. Further, we develop de-SEO, a system that automatically detects these attacks. Using large datasets with hundreds of billions of URLs, deSEO successfully identifies multiple malicious SEO campaigns. In particular, applying the URL signatures derived from deSEO, we find 36% of sampled searches to Google and Bing contain at least one malicious link in the top results at the time of our experiment.
Propionibacterium acnes Recovered from Atherosclerotic Human Carotid Arteries Undergoes Biofilm Dispersion and Releases Lipolytic and Proteolytic Enzymes in Response to Norepinephrine Challenge In Vitro

In the present study, human atherosclerotic carotid arteries were examined following endarterectomy for the presence of the Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes and its potential association with biofilm structures within the arterial wall. The P. acnes 16S rRNA gene was detectable in 4 of 15 carotid artery samples, and viable P. acnes was one among 10 different bacterial species recoverable in culture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of 5 additional atherosclerotic carotid arteries demonstrated biofilm bacteria within all samples, with P. acnes detectable in 4 samples. We also demonstrated that laboratory-grown cultures of P. acnes biofilms were susceptible to induction of a biofilm dispersion response when challenged with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine in the presence of iron-bound transferrin or with free iron. The production and release of lipolytic and proteolytic extracellular enzymes by P. acnes were shown to increase in iron-induced dispersed biofilms, and these dispersion-induced P. acnes VP1 biofilms showed increased expression of mRNAs for the triacylglycerol lipases PPA2105 and PPA1796 and the hyaluronate lyase PPA380 compared to that in untreated biofilms. These results demonstrate that P. acnes can infect the carotid arteries of humans with atherosclerosis as a component of multispecies biofilms and that dispersion is inducible for this organism, at least in vitro, with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine resulting in the production and release of degradative enzymes.
Rapid Software-Based Design and Optical Transient Liquid Molding of Microparticles

Microparticles with complex 3D shape and composition are produced using a novel fabrication method, optical transient liquid molding, in which a 2D light pattern exposes a photopolymer precursor stream shaped along the flow axis by software-aided inertial flow engineering.
Systematic winds at heights between 350 and 675 km from analysis of the orbits of four balloon satellites

Abstract Six values of the rate of rotation of the Earth's upper atmosphere have been obtained by analysis of the orbital inclinations of four balloon satellites in the intervals just before the final decay of their orbits. The effective heights of these results range from about 350 to about 675 km. The values themselves range from 0·8 to 1·4 times the Earth's rotation and correspond to zonal wind speeds between 100 m/sec westward and 200 m/sec eastward. All the results correspond to fairly specific local times and are consistent with a diurnal wind pattern in low latitudes having a strong eastward maximum near local midnight and a lesser westward maximum near 10:00 LT. They argue against the contention of a sharp decrease in the rate with respect to that of the Earth, which is supposed to begin at about 360 km. The factors involved in the determination of these values and the method used are discussed in considerable detail.
Personality, psychophysiology, and performance.

Research relating personality variables to physiological responsivity and to motor performance is reviewed. Trait anxiety is not related to physiology but ego strength is related to change in physiological levels. Skin conductance is most consistently related to ego strength across experimental conditions and across subjects. Other physiological variables are also related to ego strength in certain subjects under certain conditions. Data relating ego strength to other personality variables and to psychomotor performance is also reviewed. A theory relating personality to physiological change is proposed.
Intermediates in the intramolecular ligand transfer reactions of h5-C5H5Fe(CO)2R complexes

Abstract Dissolution of h 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 R (I) (R = cyclohexyl or cyclohexylmethyl) in DMSO leads to the formation of a solvent coordinated acyl complex, h 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)(COR)(DMSO) (II). Treatment of this complex with triphenylphosphine leads to its conversion to h 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(COR)(PPh 3 ) (III). Rates for the reaction I ⇄ and II → III have been determined. A comparison of the rates of the reaction I → III in eight solvents shows no specific rate acceleration in DMSO and no correlation with solvent donicity. The results are in accord with a two step mechanism in which the first intermediate is the coordiantively-unsaturated species h 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(COR)(CO). The small spread in rates for solvents of widely different dielectric constants suggests little charge separation in the transition state for this step.
Conservation of the notch1 signaling pathway in gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine (NE) tumor cells

Abstract Introduction: The Notch1 pathway regulates the endocrine phenotype in differentiating NE cells. During development, Notch1 silences NE markers by increasing the levels of HES1 and suppressing hASH1 (human achaete-scute homolog-1, a NE transcription factor). GI NE tumors cells express high levels of hASH1 but lack Notch1. We hypothesized that stable expression of Notch1 in NE tumor cells could lead to decrease in NE marker production and growth inhibition through suppression of hASH1. Methods: BON cells were stably transduced with an estrogen inducible Notch1 construct to create BON-NIER cells. BON and BON-NIER cells were treated with either control (C) or 1μM estradiol (E2) for 4 days and were analyzed using western blot for the expression of hASH1, HES1, and the NE marker, chromogranin A. Protein levels were standardized to GAPDH. Cellular growth was analyzed by standard cell counts in triplicate. Results: Notch1 activation by E2 treatment resulted in a 47% reduction in chromogranin A and 14% reduction in hASH1. Importantly, Notch1 activation also led to an increase in HES1 levels. Growth curves and showed a marginal reduction in cell number in the estradiol treated BON-NIER cells. Conclusions: The Notch1 signaling pathway, which regulates NE during development, can control hormone production and growth of GI NE tumor cells. This pathway could be exploited in the treatment of these tumors. TABLE—ABSTRACT 84 . Relative protein levels & cell number BON C BON E2 BON-NIER C BON-NIER E2 Chromogranin A 100% 100% 100% 53% hASH1 100% 93% 100% 86% HES1 100% 72% 100% 530% Cell growth 6.8 × 10 5 6.6 × 10 5 6.8 × 10 5 5 × 10 5
Pericardial Window for Malignant Pericardial Effusion

Seventeen patients with malignant pericardial effusion were treated by the creation of a pericardial window. This was done through a subxiphoid approach in 13 patients and through limited anterior thoracotomy or sternotomy incisions in 4. There were no deaths and no major complications attributable to the operation. In all patients, relief of the cardiac compression caused by the effusion was immediate and complete. No patient showed a clinically significant recurrence of the effusion, although 1 patient who had received irradiation required pericardiectomy for constriction 5 months later. Survival was determined principally by the extent of the primary malignancy. Six patients died of the primary tumors within 30 days, but 6 survived 3 to 12 months and 2 are alive at 8 and 21 months. It is concluded that creation of a pericardial window, preferably by the subxiphoid approach, is the treatment of choice for malignant pericardial effusion. The procedure provides an accurate diagnosis, carries virtually no mortality or morbidity, and affords immediate and long-lasting relief of cardiac compression.
Measuring pronunciation accuracy using computerized techniques

Techniques for measuring pronunciation accuracy have lagged far behind measuring competence in other areas. It is argued that pronunciation is an important aspect of second language proficiency and just as it is important to have reliable measures of competence in such areas as listening comprehension, grammar, reading and writing, so it is important to have reliable measures of pronunciation accuracy. This paper discusses several computerized techniques which measure pronunciation accuracy. They have the advantage over other methods because they rigorously control for such factors as sequence effects and length of utterance. These techniques are applicable in a number of areas, including basic research, measuring proficiency gains in students, comparing different methods and measuring comprehensibility and language attitudes.
Effects of Rapamycin on Breast Cancer Cell Migration through the Cross-Talk of MAPK Pathway.

Phase I/II clinical studies with rapamycin analogs in breast and other cancers have demonstrated favorable responses. However, little is known on the effects of the mTOR inhibitor on breast cancer cell metastasis, which is a major cause of morbidity and death. We developed a highly sensitive 3-dimensional (3D) proliferation/invasion assay using quantitative bioluminescence (BL) imaging and applied this assay to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231. Without cytotoxicity of rapamycin on this cell line, rapamycin at 10nM inhibited the cell migration/invasion, but not at 1nM and 100nM, which was confirmed by the time-lapse single cell tracking analysis. The quantification of cytoskeleton changes showed most potent effects of 10nM rapamycin on the MDA-MB231 cells, with the formation and rearrangement of specialized cell membrane structures and actin fiber implicated in cell motility. Then, the Panorama Cell Signaling Antibody Microarray, enabling the global comparative analysis of cell signal proteins simultaneously, was exploited to analyze the effects of rapamycin on the cellular signaling network of the MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line. 100nM rapamycin activated the MAPK pathway obviously, through the attenuated negative feedback of activated S6K1 to PI3K-Raf, which increased the expressions of activated Jun N-terminus kinase (JNK), Erk1/2, MEK-1, Raf-pS621, and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2) in the cells exposed to 100nM rapamycin. MEK inhibitor U0126 or PD98059 could restore the anti-migration effects of 100nM rapamycin on the MDA-MB231 cells. Furthermore, the combination of MEK inhibitors and rapamycin performed synergism on inhibiting the cell proliferation and migration/invasion. Accordingly, rapamycin at a certain dose suppresses MDA-MB231 cell migration/invasion, and the co-targeting of mTOR and MAPK pathways enhances the inhibition on cell proliferation and migration/invasion, underscoring the potential therapeutic utility of rapamycin, and rapamycin combining with MAPK inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer progression, and the results highlight the cross-talk homeostasis of mTOR and MAPK pathways in cancer treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5080.
Intraoperative placement of the nasoenteric feeding tube : a practical alternative ?

Background: The provision of early postoperative enteral feeding may be enhanced by the placement of enteral feeding access during celiotomy, but surgeons are often reluctant to pursue this option because of the extra effort required. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of our 2-year experience with 60 sequential intraoperative nasoenteric feeding-tube placements and included data on demographics, diagnosis, surgery, type of feeding tube, formula, tolerance, and complications. Our surgeons placed intraoperative nasoenteric feeding tubes at their discretion in a variety of subjects who were undergoing elective or urgent celiotomies. Results: The surgeries largely involved the upper gastrointestinal tract, and feeding-tube placements were readily accomplished. The majority of patients received enteral feedings within 3 postoperative days and achieved feeding rates of 50 mL/h or greater. The average duration of feeding-tube use was 1 week, accounting for 399 feeding days overall. There were no serio...
Planning for a bus-based evacuation

Planning for a bus-based regional evacuation is essential for emergency preparedness, especially for regions threatened by hurricanes that have large numbers of transit-dependent people. While this difficult planning problem is a variant of the vehicle routing problem, it differs in some key aspects, including the objective and the network structure (e.g., capacitated shelters). This problem is not well studied. In this paper we introduce a model specifically designed for bus-based evacuation planning, along with two mathematical programming formulations, which are used to develop a heuristic algorithm. Using these models, we analyze the differences in the structural properties of optimal solutions between this problem and traditional vehicle routing problems.
Wholesale- and farm-level impacts of generic advertising: The case of catfish

A four-equation econometric model of the US catfish industry is estimated to determine the impacts of industry funded advertising on the wholesale and farm levels of the market. Results suggest that, despite the market power held by middlemen, the compaign has increased quasi-rents to producers. The relatively large benefit-cost ratios (about 13:1), however, are attributed primarily to the price effects of the campaign. This highlights the importance of supply response in evaluating the economic effects of industry (generic) advertising programmes. Elasticity estimates based on 1980–89 monthly data are: farm-level supply, 0.15; wholesale-level demand, -1.01; farm-wholsale price transmission, 0.68; and advertising, 0.0075.
Is periodontitis associated with oral neoplasms

Background: Infections have been suggested in the etiology of oral cancer. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of periodontal disease on oral soft tissue lesions. Methods: A total of 13,798 subjects aged 20 years and older with at least six natural teeth and who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) constituted the study population. Severity of periodontal disease was represented by clinical attachment loss (CAL) and was dichotomized as ≤1.5 mm versus >1.5 mm according to its distributions in the NHANES III population. Three separate dependent variables were employed: 1) tumor (non-specific); 2) precancerous lesions; and 3) any oral soft tissue lesion. The independent effect of CAL on those three dependent variables was assessed by weighted multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting for the effects of number of filled teeth, number of decayed teeth, presence of prosthesis, age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, tobacco, alcohol, occupat...
Non-Parkinson movement disorders: Five new things

Summary Solutions to the major riddles in movement disorders are appearing at a breathtaking pace: 1) loss-of-function mutations in PRRT2, which encodes a cell surface protein expressed in neurons, have been found in many patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias; 2) mutations in CIZ1, which encodes a protein involved in cell-cycle control at the G1-S checkpoint, have been identified in a small percentage of patients with cervical dystonia; and 3) finally, after many years of genetics and identification of more than 25 disease-associated genes, cellular studies related to the pathobiology of hereditary spastic paraplegia are converging on defects in modeling the endoplasmic reticulum and membrane trafficking. On the treatment front, the distinctive syndromes of faciobrachial dystonic seizures with anti-LRI1 antibodies and anti-N-methyl-d-aspartic acid encephalitis with orobuccolingual dyskinesias are becoming increasingly recognized by clinicians as imminently treatable conditions. Also on the treatment front, the first phase I trial of MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound for essential tremor has been completed and intraoperative MRI is currently being used to place electrodes in the brains of patients with medically intractable dystonia. Definitive etiologies and efficacious treatments for non–Parkinson disease movement disorders are no longer wishful thinking.
Some observations on the Gd-rich side of the Gd-C system

Abstract The phase relationships at the Gd-rich end of the Gd-C system were established. The addition of C expands the lattice parameters of pure Gd, indicating that C dissolves in Gd, but the solid solubility of C is less than 2 at.% below 600°C. Below 600°C the ‘Gd2C’ phase appears to exist as a line compound, but exhibits a narrow solid solution region above this temperature. This phase is slightly C deficient, i.e. Gd2C1−x, where x=0.015 [Gd2C0.985]. ‘Gd2C’ has the rhombohedral C19, CdCl2-type structure with a=6.29 A and α=33.70°. The Gd-C alloys are quite reactive in moist air, forming gaseous hydrocarbons and a white powder which flakes off of the metallic ingots, and must be handled in glove boxes. Magnetic measurements indicated that ‘Gd2C’ orders ferromagnetically at 350°C. This is the highest known magnetic ordering temperature for any binary lanthanide compound which does not contain Fe or Co.
Management of subglottic stenosis in the adult

Twenty-one adult patients were surgically treated for severe subglottic stenosis refractory to endoscopic treatment. Patients were treated by anterior or anterior and posterior cricoid division with costal cartilage grafting. Seventy-six percent of the patients were successfully decannulated. Success of treatment was not dependent on cause of the stenosis or age or sex of the patient. There was a significantly better outcome (p< .05) in patients with isolated subglottic stenosis versus those with combined glottic and subglottic stenosis.
Endothelial alterations and colloidal carbon permeability in the peripheral vasculature of the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Abstract Ultrastructural aortic endothelial cell changes were examined in 14- and 25-week spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of blister-like protrusions and cavity-like defects along intercellular junctional areas, resulting from dilatation of the intercellular space, subsequent elevation of the overlying marginal fold, and cellular breakage of this attenuated cellular extension. Junctional complexes, despite the presence of dilatated intercellular spaces, appeared intact. This form of endothelial damage, therefore, does not appear to result in abnormal, indiscriminate vascular permeability, at least to large macromolecules. This was confirmed by examination of representative segments of various SHR and WKY vessels after intravenous injection of colloidal carbon tracers. Only SHR mesenteric postcapillary venules (diameter 9–32 μm) showed permeability alterations, mediated through the formation of interendothelial gaps. In addition, these vessels were extensively fibrinized and occasionally showed evidence of hyalinization. The absence of permeability to colloidal carbon in arteries and arterioles in SHR may reflect the protective function of adaptive wall changes found in chronically hypertensive animals. In addition to changes in the media, these adaptive wall changes may also include endothelial cell alterations such as elongation of marginal folds, an increase in cellular overlap, and an increase in the complexity of intercellular connections, as observed in this study.
Age Patterns of Mortality During the Black Death in London, A.D. 1349-1350.

Abstract This paper examines adult age-specific mortality patterns of one of the most devastating epidemics in recorded history, the Black Death of A.D. 1347–1351. The goal was to determine whether the epidemic affected all ages equally or if it targeted certain age groups. Analyses were done using a sample of 337 individuals excavated from the East Smithfield cemetery in London, which contains only individuals who died during the Black Death in London in 1349–1350. The age patterns from East Smithfield were compared to a sample of 207 individuals who died from non-epidemic causes of mortality. Ages were estimated using the method of transition analysis, and age-specific mortality was evaluated using a hazards model. The results indicate that the risk of mortality during the Black Death increased with adult age, and therefore that age had an effect on risk of death during the epidemic. The age patterns in the Black Death cemetery were similar to those from the non-epidemic mortality sample. The results from this study are consistent with previous findings suggesting that despite the devastating nature of the Black Death, the 14th-century disease had general patterns of selectivity that were similar to those associated with normal medieval mortality.
COMMENTS ON EIKONALIZATION AT HIGH ENERGY.

We previously showed how $s$-channel iteration of general kinds of exchanges in high-energy $e\ensuremath{-}e$ scattering in quantum electrodynamics leads to eikonalization. In this note we clarify this result and briefly discuss its implications.
Movement of cynomolgus and rhesus monkey spermatozoa collected from the lower female reproductive tract.

Postcoital (pc) cervical mucus was collected in 73 menstrual cycles of cynomolgus monkeys and in 43 cycles of rhesus monkeys at 2, 6, 10, 30 hr pc. Videomicrography was used to analyze sperm numbers and movement in the mucus. Both cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys had comparable populations of motile sperm in the mucus at 2 hr pc. However, by 6 hr pc, cervical mucus from cynomolgus monkeys contained twice as many total sperm and motile sperm as mucus from rhesus monkeys (P less than .05). Mean swimming speeds of the free-swimming cervical sperm were similar for the two species at this time. No motile sperm were recovered in mucus from rhesus monkeys at 30 hr pc. In cynomolgus monkeys, however, 14 of the 26 animals examined at 30 hr pc had motile sperm in their mucus. These sperm exhibited lower percent motility, percent free-swimming sperm, and swimming speed than those sperm observed at 6 hr pc. Uterine sperm were collected by transcervical or transuterine aspiration from cynomolgus monkeys. In the transcervical technique, sperm were successfully obtained in four of nine animals examined at 6 hr and in four of five animals at 30 hr pc. The percentage of motile sperm in the uterine fluid was high, 82% +/- 4%, and the swimming speeds (86 +/- 2 microns/sec) were higher than those observed in cervical mucus. Approximately 5-10% of the uterine sperm exhibited swimming motions similar to the hyperactivated motility seen in most mammals. These findings indicate that the sperm cervical mucus interaction in vivo in cynomolgus monkeys has more similarities to the human situation than does the interaction in rhesus monkeys.
Solar-wind acceleration by energetic particles

We present results from a two-fluid model of the solar wind which includes the thermal gas and a non-thermal particle population. Low-energy solar cosmic rays (10 to 100 keV) can help accelerate the wind by transferring some of their momentum to comoving magnetic irregularities. We find that increases in the wind velocity of the order of 100 km/s are not uncommon when a small amount (approximately 0.01 of the total pressure at the Sun) of cosmic rays is added in the solar corona. We discuss possible cosmic ray spectra and interplanetary diffusion ranges necessary to produce this effect. Cosmic ray spectra obtained from our model are consistent with experimental data at the 1 AU distance.
Effects of Salinity, Imazethapyr, and Chlorimuron Application on Soybean Growth and Yield

Abstract Soybean is an important crop worldwide. Soybean cultivars differ in their sensitivity to soil salinity and herbicide damage. In these experiments, we examined the impact of salinization an...
Rehabilitation and Disability Resources on the Internet

The Internet is a tool that has changed the way information is delivered, the way we communicate, and the way we function on a professional and personal level. The Internet is a powerful working tool that has impacted the delivery of health care information and communication. Electronic communities, already in existence, carry on virtual discussions regarding clinical issues. Classes are conducted in virtual classroom settings. Accessibility to databases rich with information assist in clinical decision making. The rehabilitation practitioner must become familiar with gathering, appraising, and synthesizing information. Providers of rehabilitation services and individuals with disabilities have much to gain by becoming familiar with the Internet. It allows access to information relating to their respective disability, coping strategies, adaptive devices, education, and employment opportunities. This article introduces the basics of Internet utility, describes the benefits in the rehabilitation environs, a...