cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IL-12 reverses anergy to T cell receptor triggering in human lung tumor-associated memory T cells

Memory T cells in human non-small cell lung cancer are unresponsive to progressing tumors. T cells were evaluated at the single cell level by imaging the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and NFAT via immunofluorescence confocal microscopy as an early measure of responsiveness to T cell receptor triggering. Little translocation of NF-kappaB or NFAT occurred in tumor-associated T cells in response to CD3+CD28 cross-linking under conditions which led to maximal translocation in normal donor peripheral blood T cells. TNF-alpha induced maximal NF-kappaB translocation in these T cells, indicating that they remain receptive to alternative signaling pathways, and pulsing with IL-12 prior to TCR triggering reversed their apparent anergy. T cells from additional chronic inflammatory microenvironments demonstrated a similar refractoriness to TCR activation, suggesting either that a common regulatory mechanism present within the microenvironment controls these cells or that with continuous antigen exposure, they remain refractory to activation via the TCR.
Inferring global characteristics of current sheet from local measurements

A new procedure to extract global characteristics of a current sheet based on local measurements of magnetic field, plasma, and current density from a single spacecraft is described. By adopting suitable current density profiles, this method permits an estimate of the following parameters: (1) the asymptotic magnetic field strength outside the current sheet, (2) the north-south thickness of the current sheet, (3) the spacecraft distance from the center of the current sheet, (4) the magnetic field line curvature at the center of the current sheet, (5) the volume current density at the center of the current sheet, (6) the integrated current density across the thickness of the current sheet, and (7) the kappa parameter used by many researchers in the study of particle orbits in a current sheet geometry.
The inhibitory adenylate cyclase coupling protein in pseudohypoparathyroidism.

Deficient activity of the adenylate cyclase stimulatory coupling protein (N8) has been demonstrated in many patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type I (PHP) who have Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy and multiple hormone resistance. Since an abnormality in the activity of the related adenylate cyclase inhibitory coupling protein (Ni) could influence hormone responsiveness, we measured pertussistoxincatalyzed [32P]ADP ribosylation of the 40,000-dalton α-subunit of Ni (Niα) in erythrocyte membranes from patients with PHP and normal subjects. There were no significant differences in the amounts of Niα in membranes from normal subjects, patients with PHP who have low N8 associated with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy and multiple hormone resistance, and patients with PHP who have normal N8. Abnormal Ni is not likely to cause hormone resistance in patients with PHP who have normal N9 or to influence hormone responsiveness in patients with PHP who have low N8.
Synchrotron radiation topography studies of the phase transition in LaGaO3 crystals

Abstract An investigation of the orthorhombic to rhombohedral phase transformation occurring at 145°C in lanthanum gallate has been conducted using white beam synchrotron X-ray topography (WBSXRT). The existence of the first order transition was confirmed by differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffractometer powder analysis. Subsequent to this, synchrotron white beam Laue patterns were recorded in situ as a function of temperature, during the transition. Before the transition point was reached, (112)orth type reflection twinning was found to be dominant although a small amount of (110)orth type twinning was also observed in the same crystal. Beyond the transition point, not only did the structural change become evident but also reflection twinning on the (110)rhom planes was observed. The scale of this twinning became finer as the temperature was increased beyond the transition temperature. The twinning observed in both the low and high temperature phases gives rise to deformation of the (011)rhom surface plane which creates problems for the potential use of this material as a substrate for growing high Tc superconducting epitaxial layers.
Flow Theory and GIS: Is There a Connection for Learning?

(2005). Flow Theory and GIS: Is There a Connection for Learning? International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 225-230.
Developing Course Profiles to Match Course Characteristics with Student Learning Styles.

Advisors with a working knowledge about course workload and the levels of learning in specific classes provide the best possible advising. Unfortunately, they often have only limited information regarding important course characteristics. With a better understanding of these factors, advisors can assist students in making appropriate course selections during the advising process and promote a positive advisor-student relationship. We explain a new means of profiling courses that integrates information about the workload and levels of learning for each course. We also explain the benefits of these new course profiles for advisors, faculty members, students, and administrators.
Characterization of inversion layer carrier profile in deep-submicron p-MOSFETs

In deep-submicron MOSFET, the thickness of gate oxide becomes comparable to that of the inversion layer. The finite inversion layer thickness results in deviation of device parameters from the conventional model. High transverse electric fields at Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface makes quantization effect observable even at room temperature. Several theoretical methods to obtain the inversion layer carrier profile were reported based on quantum mechanics (QM) solution. However a simple electrical method is much preferred. In this paper, a high-frequency small-signal C-V method is proposed to characterize the inversion layer profile in both surface-channel and buried-channel p-MOSFETs based upon the physical concept of dc centroid.
Minimum noise figure for magnetron injection guns

A minimum noise figure has been derived for the magnetron injection gun. This theoretical expression is based upon RF equations which were developed to calculate the transport of current and velocity fluctuations along a planar 3-dimensional space-charge flow. Current and velocity fluctuations at the magnetron gun output were found to be correlated regardless of the assumed cathode conditions. The resultant minimum noise figure expression incorporating correlation is valid for any planar, lossless O-type device utilizing a magnetron injection gun. The variations of magnetron gun-velocity fluctuations, current fluctuations, and minimum noise figure versus transit angle and cathode-magnetic field angle were plotted assuming that the noise at the potential minimum consisted of the traditional values of uncorrelated shot current and mean-square velocity fluctuations. The noise figure for the other values of the dc magnetron-gun parameters and assumed cathode-noise conditions are easily calculated since all expressions are in closed mathematical form. Comparisons between this theoretical minimum noise figure and the noise performance of an operational multicavity klystron were made.
A FATAL ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CHRONIC HÆMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Abstract A distinct neurological syndrome in twelve chronic haemodialysis patients is described. This syndrome is currently the leading cause of death in one Denver dialysis unit. The hallmarks of this syndrome are progressive speech difficulties, mental changes, and a markedly abnormal electroencephalogram which may be present months before the clinical signs appear. Additional clinical features including seizures, myoclonus, asterixis, apraxia, focal neurological signs, and psychiatric symptoms may also be observed. Neuropathological changes are slight and non-specific, The aetiology of this syndrome is unknown but the clinical and pathological features suggest a toxic/metabolic disorder. To date, this disorder has been refractory to several therapeutic measures.
Structural determinants of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of glucocorticoids.

Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine requisite structural features for P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of a series of structurally related glucocorticoids (GCs).
Inhibition of experimental neointimal hyperplasia by recombinant human thrombomodulin coated ePTFE stent grafts.

Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of recombinant human thrombomodulin (rTM) to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia when bound to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) stent grafts placed in a porcine balloon injured carotid artery model. Methods The left carotid artery of male pigs, weighing 25 to 30 Kg, was injured with an angioplasty balloon. Two weeks later either a non-coated standard ePTFE stent graft (Viabahn, 6 × 25 mm, W. L. Gore & Associates) or a rTM coated stent graft was implanted into the balloon-injured segment using an endovascular technique. Carotid angiography was performed at the time of the balloon injury, two weeks later and then at 4 weeks to assess the degree of luminal stenosis. One month after stent graft deployment, the grafts were explanted following in situ perfusion fixation for histological analysis. The specimens were then cross-sectioned into proximal, middle and distal segments, and the residual arterial lumen and intimal to media (I/M) ratios were calculated with computerized planimetry. Results rTM binding onto ePTFE-grafts was confirmed by functional activation of protein C and histopathology with immuno-scanning electron microscopy, backscatter electron emission imaging and x-ray microanalysis. All seven of the rTM coated stent grafts and six of the seven uncoated stent grafts were patent at the time of explantation. The mean luminal diameter of the rTM coated stents was 93% ± 2.0% of the original diameter, compared with 67% ± 23% ( P = .006) in the control group. Histological analysis demonstrated that the area obliterated by intimal hyperplasia at the proximal portion of the rTM stent was −27% compared with the control group: (2.73 ± 0.69 mm 2 , vs 3.47 ± 0.67 mm 2 , P Conclusions Neointimal hyperplasia is significantly inhibited in ePTFE stent grafts coated with rTM compared with uncoated grafts, as documented by improved luminal diameter by angiography and by computerized planimetry measurements of residual lumen area. These findings suggest that binding of recombinant human thrombomodulin onto ePTFE grafts may improve the long-term patency of covered stents grafts.
Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica for production of medium-chain fatty acids

Lipids are naturally derived products that offer an attractive, renewable alternative to petroleum-based hydrocarbons. While naturally produced long-chain fatty acids can replace some petroleum analogs, medium-chain fatty acid would more closely match the desired physical and chemical properties of currently employed petroleum products. In this study, we engineered Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast that naturally produces lipids at high titers, to produce medium-chain fatty acids. Five different acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases with specificity for medium-chain acyl-ACP molecules were expressed in Y. lipolytica, resulting in formation of either decanoic or octanoic acid. These novel fatty acid products were found to comprise up to 40 % of the total cell lipids. Furthermore, the reduction in chain length resulted in a twofold increase in specific lipid productivity in these engineered strains. The medium-chain fatty acids were found to be incorporated into all lipid classes.
THE RATE OF KILLING OF CLADOCERANS AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES.

In spite of obvious possible sources of disturbance, the "velocity of killing" of organisms at supranormal temperatures, properly determined, tends to adhere to the Arrhenius equation for relation to temperature. Over certain ranges of temperature the relationship between log velocity of killing and 1/T° abs. is linear. Interpreted as due to the thermal denaturing of protein, it is possible that differences between the temperature characteristics for the killing process in closely related forms may be suggestive in regard to the mechanism of the denaturing. The temperature limits within which the linear relationships appear may be classed among those temperature levels which are critical temperatures for protoplasmic organization.
Current Directions in Chicana/o Psychology

In this Major Contribution, we focus on the mental and psychological health issues relevant to Mexican Americans or Chicanas/os, and we identify and introduce some important contemporary areas of research that reflect the unifying theme of Current Directions in Chicana/o Psychology. These areas include counseling, assessment, and service-delivery issues; the content and influence of stereotypes; and the role of ethnic identity in the psychological health of Chicana/o people. To provide an ecological context for the series of articles that follow, identifying labels/terminology, demographics, cultural characteristics, and political barriers descriptive of Chicanas/os are addressed. Our hope is that the series of articles composing this issue serves to raise the awareness of mental health professionals about issues facing Chicanas/os and to provide guidelines for future counseling intervention and research.
Engineering as a generalist profession: implications for engineering education

It is argued that today's engineer is metamorphosing from a technical specialist to a technical generalist. A compelling argument for this thesis is provided by the power and near-ubiquity of CAD/CAE (computer-aided design and engineering) software. One consequence of this paradigm shift is that engineering will asymptotically approach a practice devoid of technical content. Some implications of this perspective for engineering education are explored. It is noted that today's typical curriculum seems narrowly specialist within such a generalist framework. It is argued that there is a need to reevaluate priorities and eliminate the teaching of much of this specialist know-how; such action will better prepare engineering students for their future and it will relieve the curriculum from the current crunch of the know-how information explosion. >
In silico modeling system: a national research resource for simulation of complex brain disorders.

1. Summary This paper presents the rationale for an initiative to create a comprehensive in silico modeling system, as a national shared resource, for simulation of complex biological systems, eg, neurodegenerative disease. The development of a well-integrated, generally-accessible computer modeling system (built upon a platform of an interlinked network of high performance/super computers -HPC) will enable medical researchers to translate and transform massive amounts of disconnected information (databases) into usable knowledge: an essential initial step for simulating and modeling complex biological processes. The aim of this initiative is to: a) develop a blue print for action and, b) convey the vision of the next generation of research tools, technologies, and systems for the investigation of neurodegenerative disorders of later life. As a first step, a Work Group will be established to: evaluate the infrastructure required for creating a national ‘‘in silico’’ modeling system; consider a number of computer modeling approaches and databases that might be incorporated into a network ofinterconnectedhighperformancecomputingsystems; explore the development of a partnership among the stakeholders (eg, government agencies (NIH, NSF, DOD, DOE and their national labs), universities, pharmaceutical companies, business and finance groups, voluntary private health organizations and foundations); and develop a public policy blueprint to obtain the required funds, research resources and infrastructure to launch the planning and construction of the system.
Improving Communications: Awareness and Management of Perceiving Disagreement

Interpersonal communications often fail to communicate the intended message. Language, contextual, and cultural differences between the sender and receiver of the message influence the receipt of the intended message exacerbates a lack of understanding when the message contains inexact words and phrases. The resultant message obtained by the receiver may or may not be in agreement with what the intended message was supposed to convey. This creates a phenomenon named Perceiving Disagreement. When Perceiving Disagreement occurs, actions taken because of the message can conflict with the intended actions expected by the message sender and result in inappropriate performance and behaviors. This paper discusses the phenomenon of Perceiving Disagreement and encourages organizations and individuals to support the use of awareness training and practice of using more exact language and exchanging feedback between the receiver and sender of a message to improve the understanding and effectiveness of all communications. This is particularly important when using intervening media and translators for international communications.
Using Fibonacci and phyllotaxis to advance the field of culinary arts & sciences.

Scholars have used Fibonacci numbers to solve the mysteries of great works of art, music, and architecture and to understand the natural world. It is quite possible that Fibonacci numbers could be used to enhance our understanding of culinary arts and sciences because they are evident in the fruits, vegetable, and flowers that chefs use to plant, prepare, cook, and serve in foodservice operations every day.
In vitro Testing of Plaque Control Agents

The development of a number of in vitro techniques for the evaluation of antiplaque effects of test agents has followed the characterization and culturing of plaque-forming microorganisms. Studies of the mechanism of action of chlorhexidine and clinical observations have assisted in defining critical aspects of these in vitro techniques. Such assays may play an increasingly important role in screening potential new agents as well as in the optimization of properties by chemical modification of new lead agents. In addition, data generated in the in vitro assay may assist the design of in vivo evaluations of new agents. Proper selection of in vitro techniques for these various functions in the preclinical development process may reduce the time and cost involved in the development of new antiplaque agents.
Image Retrieval Using Multimodal Keywords

In this paper, we propose a technique to retrieve the images using the ?search by similarity? method with the help of multimodal keywords. Multimodal keywords consist of low-level MPEG-7 color descriptors and textual keywords. The visual keywords and textual keywords are combined together and the image collection is represented as a matrix, which is similar in representation to a term-document matrix. Using LSI (latent semantic indexing), we demonstrate that the visual keywords, when combined with textual keywords can improve the retrieval results to a great degree.
Neighborhood level risk factors for type 1 diabetes in youth: the SEARCH case-control study

European ecologic studies suggest higher socioeconomic status is associated with higher incidence of type 1 diabetes. Using data from a case-control study of diabetes among racially/ethnically diverse youth in the United States (U.S.), we aimed to evaluate the independent impact of neighborhood characteristics on type 1 diabetes risk. Data were available for 507 youth with type 1 diabetes and 208 healthy controls aged 10-22 years recruited in South Carolina and Colorado in 2003-2006. Home addresses were used to identify Census tracts of residence. Neighborhood-level variables were obtained from 2000 U.S. Census. Multivariate generalized linear mixed models were applied. Controlling for individual risk factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, infant feeding, birth weight, maternal age, number of household residents, parental education, income, state), higher neighborhood household income (p = 0.005), proportion of population in managerial jobs (p = 0.02), with at least high school education (p = 0.005), working outside the county (p = 0.04) and vehicle ownership (p = 0.03) were each independently associated with increased odds of type 1 diabetes. Conversely, higher percent minority population (p = 0.0003), income from social security (p = 0.002), proportion of crowded households (0.0497) and poverty (p = 0.008) were associated with a decreased odds. Our study suggests that neighborhood characteristics related to greater affluence, occupation, and education are associated with higher type 1 diabetes risk. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms underlying the influence of neighborhood context.
On the Roles of Eye Gaze and Head Dynamics in Predicting Driver's Intent to Change Lanes

Driver behavioral cues may present a rich source of information and feedback for future intelligent advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs). With the design of a simple and robust ADAS in mind, we are interested in determining the most important driver cues for distinguishing driver intent. Eye gaze may provide a more accurate proxy than head movement for determining driver attention, whereas the measurement of head motion is less cumbersome and more reliable in harsh driving conditions. We use a lane-change intent-prediction system (McCall et al., 2007) to determine the relative usefulness of each cue for determining intent. Various combinations of input data are presented to a discriminative classifier, which is trained to output a prediction of probable lane-change maneuver at a particular point in the future. Quantitative results from a naturalistic driving study are presented and show that head motion, when combined with lane position and vehicle dynamics, is a reliable cue for lane-change intent prediction. The addition of eye gaze does not improve performance as much as simpler head dynamics cues. The advantage of head data over eye data is shown to be statistically significant (p < 0.01) 3 s ahead of lane-change situations, indicating that there may be a biological basis for head motion to begin earlier than eye motion during "lane-change"-related gaze shifts.
Altering Substrate Specificity at the Heme Edge of Cytochrome c Peroxidase

Two mutants of cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) are reported which exhibit unique specificities toward oxidation of small substrates. Ala-147 in CCP is located near the δ-meso edge of the heme and along the solvent access channel through which H2O2 is thought to approach the active site. This residue was replaced with Met and Tyr to investigate the hypothesis that small molecule substrates are oxidized at the exposed δ-meso edge of the heme. X-ray crystallographic analyses confirm that the side chains of A147M and A147Y are positioned over the δ-meso heme position and might therefore modify small molecule access to the oxidized heme cofactor. Steady-state kinetic measurements show that cytochrome c oxidation is enhanced 3-fold for A147Y relative to wild type, while small molecule oxidation is altered to varying degrees depending on the substrate and mutant. For example, oxidation of phenols by A147Y is reduced to less than 20% relative to the wild-type enzyme, while Vmax/e for oxidation of other small molecu...
TIME-SERIES PROPERTIES OF THE EQUITY RISK PREMIUM

In this paper we use time-series models to investigate the presence of autoregression, random variation, and random walk movements of historic equity risk premiums. An autoregressive risk premium is found for 1926–58, but random variation around a much lower risk premium mean is found for 1959–90. This finding is not sensitive to holding-period length, the choice of the risk-free rate proxy, or January/July seasonal effects.
Cross-Boarder Teaching and Collaboration

Since the publication of Best Practices for Legal Education, the globalization of both legal education and law practice has exploded. Today’s lawyers increasingly serve border-crossing clients or clients who present with transnational legal issues. As law schools expand their international programs, and enroll increasing numbers of non-U.S. law students, law students transcend cultural and legal borders. As a result, they deepen their understanding of — and sharpen their critical perspective on — their own national systems. Similarly, U.S. law teachers are increasingly called to engage in border-crossing teaching and other academic pursuits.Best Practices did not address these issues. The primary aim of this section of the forthcoming book Building on Best Practices: Transforming Legal Education in a Changing World (Lexis 2015) is to identify best practices for law teachers engaged with non-U.S. or “international” learners who study or train in a U.S.-style learning environment, either in the United States or abroad. This section also addresses collaboration of U.S. law teachers with their counterparts abroad in such areas as developing innovative teaching and clinical legal education, training and research. It identifies eight guiding principles that cut across types of international learning and then applies these principles to three specific contexts: 1) teaching international students in U.S. law school settings; 2) integrating international students in U.S.-based clinics; and 3) collaborating in legal education and reform efforts with law teachers abroad.
Deleting the TGF-β receptor in proximal tubules impairs HGF signaling

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) play key roles in regulating the response to renal injury but are thought to mediate divergent effects on cell behavior. However, how TGF-β signaling alters the response to HGF in epithelia, the key site of HGF signaling in the injured kidney, is not well studied. Contrary to our expectation, we showed that deletion of the TGF-β type II receptor in conditionally immortalized proximal tubule (PT) cells impaired HGF-dependent signaling. This reduced signaling was due to decreased transcription of c-Met, the HGF receptor, and the TGF-β-dependent c-Met transcription and increased response to HGF in PT cells were mediated by the Notch pathway. The interactions of TGF-β, HGF, and Notch pathways had biologically significant effects on branching morphogenesis, cell morphology, migration, and proliferation. In conclusion, epithelial TGF-β signaling promotes HGF signaling in a Notch-dependent pathway. These findings suggest that TGF-β modulates PT responses not only by direct effects, but also by affecting other growth factor signaling pathways.
Income and Subjective Well-Being: New Insights from Relatively Healthy American Women, Ages 49-79

The interests of economists, psychologists, social scientists and others on the relations of income, demographics, religion and subjective well-being, have generated a vast global literature. It is apparent that biomedical research has focused on white with men. The Women’s Health Initiative and Observational Study (WHI OS) was initiated in 1992. The OS represents the scientific need for social priorities to improve the health and welfare of women; it includes 93.676 relatively healthy postmenopausal women, 49 to 79, from diverse backgrounds. The objective of this study is to examine how lifestyle and other factors influence women’s health. Data from the WHI OS questionnaire were analyzed. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics square, correlations, linear regression and analyses of covariance (GLM). New findings and insights relate primarily to general health, religion, club attendance, and likelihood of depression. The most important predictor of excellent or very good health is quality of life and general health is a major predictor of quality of life. A great deal of strength and comfort from religion was reported by 62.98% of the women, with little variation by denomination. More from religion related to poorer health, and less likelihood of depression. Religion and lower income are in accord with of across country studies. Attendance at clubs was associated with religion and with all factors associated with religion, except income. Though general health and likelihood of depression are highly correlated, better health is associated with higher income; however, likelihood of depression is not associated with income—contrary to conventional wisdom about socioeconomic disparities and mental health. Subjective well-being variables, with the exception of quality of life, were not associated with income. Social networks—religion and clubs—among a diverse population, warrant further attention from economists, psychologists, sociologists, and others.
The dogged physical examination in the era of the C.A.T.

Even though advances in medical technology may supplant the physical examination in a number of areas, the physical examination offers certain medical, social, economic, and technical advantages that make it invaluable. The use of the physical examination as a diagnostic test and as a screening test is evaluated in detail.
Loyalist propaganda in the sermons of Charles Inglis, 1770‐1780

(1973). Loyalist propaganda in the sermons of Charles Inglis, 1770‐1780. Western Speech: Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 47-55.
Solution of Estuary Problems and Network Programs

Computer programs originally written to solve electrical network problems can be used to solve estuary pollution problems. These are simple to use and efficient in calculating the frequency response of the estuary. Furthermore, sensitivities of the solution to parameter changes can be readily calculated using a method developed for electrical networks. The sensitivities are then used to indicate required measurement accuracy of the fundamental coefficients of the mathematical model.
Children’s Mental Disorders and Their Mothers’ Earnings: Implications for the Affordable Care Act of 2010

Children with emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) may have a negative effect on their mothers’ earnings because they require additional time for treatment. On the other hand, children with EBP require additional financial resources, which may increase their mothers’ earnings through an increase in work activities. This study examined the impact of children’s EBP on parental earnings, while accounting for omitted variable bias. This study found significant reductions of single mothers’ wage rate/annual earnings if their children have EBP. Conversely, children’s EBP increased their married mothers’ hourly wage. These results have important implications in terms of public policy such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 in terms of expanding health insurance coverage to children with EBP to have access to appropriate treatment.
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 10-2016. A 22-Year-Old Man with Sickle Cell Disease, Headache, and Difficulty Speaking.

A 22-year-old man with sickle cell disease presented with headache and difficulty speaking after smoking marijuana. He had anomia, apraxia, and alexia and was unable to perform arithmetic. Diagnostic tests were performed, and management decisions were made.
Enhancing physicians' use of Alcoholics Anonymous: Internet-based training.

Abstract Introduction. Alcoholics Anonymous is not yet fully employed by the medical community as a means to enhance patient outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate visitors' use of an Internet course on Alcoholics Anonymous, and to compare how various disciplines learned about, gained access to and participated in the course. Methods. Demographic information was collected from 414 visitors to the course. Results. Sixty-four percent of the 414 respondents received their last educational degree within the last 10 years, and had an interest in the topic of addiction prior to their accessing the site. Two hundred ninety-four (71%) of those who accessed the course completed it, and those who accessed it learned about it from various sources other than print advertisement in professional journals. Within the 230 physician respondents, 143 (62%) were psychiatrists, 82 (78%) of whom learned about the Internet course via professional journal. Discussion. Given the need for further training among physic...
Investigation of the Potential Energy Landscape for Vacancy Dynamics in Sc-Doped CeO2

Here, we provide a comprehensive picture of the potential energy landscape (PEL) for oxygen-vacancy migration in Sc-doped ceria (SDC) based on the results from a combined application of 45Sc and 17O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The oxygen vacancies in SDC perform rapid symmetry-related jumps in the nearest-neighbor coordination shell of Sc traps as well as hopping from one Sc trap to another over length scales of a few nanometers. The activation energies for these two processes are determined to be 0.4 and 1.2 eV, respectively. The depths of these potential wells are modulated via high-frequency elastic deformation of the lattice, with a characteristic activation energy of ∼0.2 eV. The hopping of vacancies between Sc traps control the ionic conduction process in SDC, and the corresponding time scale is identical to the conductivity relaxation time scale.
Action of sodium salicylate on tissue gas tensions.

SummaryIn the rat, sodium salicvlate in doses of 200 mg/kg/24 hr produced a fall in tissue CO2 and O2 tensions, effects due to the increased alveolar ventilation and relatively greater increase of tissue oxygen consumption than tissue perfusion.
Technetium chemistry in the fuel cycle: combining basic and applied studies.

Technetium is intimately linked with nuclear reactions. The ultraminute natural levels in the environment are due to the spontaneous fission of uranium isotopes. The discovery of technetium was born from accelerator reactions, and its use and presence in the modern world are directly due to nuclear reactors. While occupying a central location in the periodic table, the chemistry of technetium is poorly explored, especially when compared to its neighboring elements, i.e., molybdenum, ruthenium, and rhenium. This state of affairs, which is tied to the small number of laboratories equipped to work with the long-lived 99Tc isotope, provides a remarkable opportunity to combine basic studies with applications for the nuclear fuel cycle. An example is given through examination of the technetium halide compounds. Binary metal halides represent some of the most fundamental of inorganic compounds. The synthesis of new technetium halides demonstrates trends with structure, coordination number, and speciation that ca...
A Parametric Study of Combustion Dynamics in a Single-Element Lean Direct Injection Gas Turbine Combustor: Part II: Experimental Investigation

The current paper is an account of the experimental investigation of a model high pressure lean direct injection (LDI) combustor that exhibits self-excited combustion dynamics. The combustor uses a single nozzle that injects liquid fuel into a subsonic venturi section to rapidly atomize and distribute fuel, and a modular design that allows discrete changes in geometry between tests so that a range of unstable frequencies and amplitudes can be measured. A target frequency of a few hundred Hz and target amplitudes of about 2% of mean pressure was obtained with a configuration comprising a 3/8-wave air plenum and 1/2-wave combustor geometry. In this paper, results from a broader parametric investigation of the combustor with varying geometry, inlet air temperature and equivalence ratio is presented, along with a more focused study of the configuration presenting the target characteristics. In the latter study, higher equivalence ratios (> 0.45) show higher pressure fluctuation amplitudes with a dominant 4L mode in the combustor whereas, at lower equivalence ratios, the instability amplitudes are lower with energy spread across the first few modes in the combustor. In a concurrent study, the experimental data are compared with high fidelity simulations, which showed excellent agreement with mode shapes and reasonable agreement with mode amplitude. The simulation indicated presence of complex interactions between the combustor acoustic modes, heat release modes, and a hydrodynamic precessing vortex core (PVC) mode similar to what has been observed in lowpressure, premixed gas systems, indicating the LDI concept is successful in its goal of rapidly distributing the liquid fuel, and providing direction for future study.
Carlo's Uneven Expressionism Esthetics and Its Impact on the East and West Countries

Carlo's uneven expressionism esthetics is the historical product,mphasizing the intuition,combining linguistics and esthetics.This has opened a new path for the study of esthetics and linguistics.Carlo's uneven expressionist esthetics,caused Bell and Fries to found new formalism with"the performance"as its characteristics,and thus affected Susan Langge.Mr.Zhu Guang qian s critics to the Carlo uneven esthetics view system focused on the esthetic value.Cario's uneven expressionism theory has a profound influence in the present linguistics field.
Effects of Alloying Elements Zr,Y and Mo on Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Cr Alloy

Effects of various alloying elements Y, Zr and Mo on microstructure and properties of the Cu-0.8Cr alloy were investigated.All alloy samples were solution-treated at 950 ℃ for 1 h and cold-drawn to a deformation of 30%, and then aged at 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 ℃ respectively for 4 h.Results show that Zr and Y can refine the second-phase particles in the alloy matrix, and Mo is supposed to inhibit the precipitation of the second-phase particles. The capacity of alloying elements to improve the tensile strength of Cu-0.8Cr alloy in descending order is Zr, Y and Mo, and to increase the softening temperature from high to low is followed by Zr, Mo and Y.
Constructing Harmonious Society and Modernization of Humanity

The new leading collective in which Hu Jintao is the general secretary presents the demands for constructing the harmonious socialist society clearly and definitely.Chinese modernization of humanity has traversed a tortuous course without obvious fruits.These years,China has been paying high attention to constructing the modernization of humanity.It may be said that the modernization of humanity is the implication and the necessity of constructing the harmonious socialist society.Meanwhile,the course of constructing the harmonious society will definitely promote the process of modernization of humanity.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards HIV/AIDS Among Different Populations in Taian City

Objective To understand the current situation of the HIV/AIDS knowledge between different populations and to define the propaganda contents at the present stage. Method 1 548 persons of different populations which included countrymen, junior and senior high school students, officials and STD were surveyed anonymously by using a self-designed anonymous questionnaire during November to December,2005.Results The rates of correct answer were 57.21%,65.12%,69.04%,54.63% respectively in four groups which included countrymen, junior and senior high school students, officials and STD. Conclusion All kinds of populations know a little about the knowledge towards HIV/AIDS. Comprehensive health education is necessary for letting them learn more knowledge on HIV/ AIDS. It is very important to make full use of all kinds of health resources.
Rate Control Technologies of H.264/AVC

Rate control technology is one of the key technologies in video coding standard, and it determines the final choice of the coding mode in video. Introduces the rate-distortion, analyzes GOP layer, frame layer, the basic unit of the bit allocation and quantization parameter QP setting, etc. based on video standard H2.64/AVC, analyzes H.264/AVC rate-distortion algorithm and its deficiencies.
Including surge arresters in the lightning performance analysis of 132kV transmission line

Line arresters are considered as an effective way to improve the lightning performance of transmission lines, especially in parts of line that suffer from high soil resistivity and lightning ground flash density. This paper presents results of the application of line surge arresters on the 132KV double circuit transmission line in EMTP-RV and all the practical scenarios for installation of surge arresters. The study has shown that a significant level of improvement can be reached by installing arresters at all or only some of the line phases. It can increase the strength of the line to withstand lightning currents up to −292kA. the probability of having this lightning current, is practically zero.
Effect of Age on Prognosis in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Age affects the treatment outcome in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but its effect in pediatric AML is less certain. We reviewed outcome in 423 patients, 21 years of age or younger, who were treated for newly diagnosed AML (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (n=288) or M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (n=135) between 1983–2002. Patients were divided into those treated between 1983–1989 and 1990–2002. During these two time periods, distinct sets of protocols were used in both institutions, with higher intensity treatment used in the more recent era. After accounting for the effects of cytogenetics, Down syndrome (favorable), increased WBC (unfavorable), FAB type M7 (unfavorable) and early treatment era (unfavorable), every additional year of age conveyed a 4.4 % increase in the risk of death and a 3.3% increase in the risk of any adverse event (death, failure to achieve complete remission, or relapse), with p
Rates and Correlates of Pain Specialty Clinic Use Nationally in the Veterans Health Administration.

Objective Chronic pain management is a growing focus of attention, in part because of concern over excessive use of opioids for treatment of chronic noncancer pain. In the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), pain specialty clinics have been established to address the needs of patients with challenging pain issues. The current study identified characteristics of such patients in a national sample of VHA service users in fiscal year 2012. Design Bivariate analyses compared patients diagnosed with pain who visited a pain specialty clinic with those who did not on sociodemographic characteristics, medical, pain, and psychiatric diagnoses, health service use, and opioid and psychotropic drug use. Logistic regression identified variables that independently differentiated pain clinic users from nonusers. Results Altogether, 122,240 of 2,025,765 patients with pain diagnoses (5.79%) attended pain specialty clinics. Pain clinic users had higher rates of muscle spasms, neuralgia, neuritis, radiculitis, and fibromyalgia, as well as major depression and personality disorders. Further, a fibromyalgia diagnosis was the strongest independent correlate of pain clinic attendance, along with the number of medical-surgical clinic visits. Veterans attending a pain clinic also received more opioids than those not attending (10.4 vs 6.7 prescriptions, respectively), but there were no substantial differences in other factors. Conclusions Patients attending pain specialty clinics have more difficult-to-treat pain conditions and comorbid psychiatric disorders that are independent of major medical diagnoses, use more outpatient services, and receive a greater number of opioid prescriptions. These data support the inclusion of mental health care in the specialized treatment of chronic pain.
FRAME GEOMETRY AND HEMODYNAMIC FINDINGS OF SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER HEART VALVE IN PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE DISEASE

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is regarded as a risk of uneven expansion and subsequent dysfunction of the transcatheter heart valve (THV). This study is to evaluate the valve geometry of Sapien 3 THV used with BAV patient in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: We
Mitochondrial Function in Non-ischemic Heart Failure

Provision for the continuous demand for energy from the beating heart relies heavily on efficient mitochondrial activity. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in which oxygen supply is not limiting results from etiologies such as pressure overload. It is associated with progressive development of metabolic stress culminating in energy depletion and heart failure. The mitochondria from the ventricular walls undergoing non-ischemic cardiomyopathy are subjected to long periods of adaptation to support the changing metabolic milieu, which has been described as mal-adaptation since it ultimately results in loss of cardiac contractile function. While the chronicity of exposure to metabolic stressors, co-morbidities and thereby adaptive changes in mitochondria maybe different between ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure, the resulting pathology is very similar, especially in late stage heart failure. Understanding of the mitochondrial changes in early-stage heart failure may guide the development of mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic options to prevent progression of non-ischemic heart failure. This chapter reviews findings of mitochondrial functional changes in animal models and humans with non-ischemic heart failure. While most animal models of non-ischemic heart failure exhibit cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, studies in humans have been inconsistent despite confirmed reduction in ATP production. This chapter also reviews the possibility of impairment of substrate supply processes upstream of the mitochondria in heart failure, and discusses potential metabolism-targeted therapeutic options.
E. W. Brown, Celestial Mechanician

Ernest Willliam Brown (1866–1938), born into a farming family in Hull, England, attended Christ’s College, Cambridge, beginning in 1884, and received the A.B. in 1887. He had been a delicate youth, but during his Cambridge years took to rowing on the Cam and climbing mountains in Switzerland. Like other bright young Cambridge men of his time, he entered upon the strenuous training for the Mathematical Tripos (named, it is said, from the three-legged stool on which, in the earliest times, the competitors sat for the examinations).
Deconstructing the Legal Process for the Immigrant Population in the United States: Ethical Implications for Mental Health Professionals

In 2014, approximately one million individuals were granted legal permanent residence in the U.S., over 650,000 became naturalized citizens, and about 180 million foreign-born individuals were granted entrance into the United States on the condition of temporary status. Although the literature has been saturated with the mental health needs of this population, many mental health professionals lack knowledge of the legal process of receiving Legal Permanent Resident (LPR) status, the restrictions on various U.S. visa types, and related pressures that impact mental health among individuals and families. The purpose of this paper is to inform mental health professionals of the LPR process and restrictions on nonimmigrant visas along with mental health implications for families and individuals whom are on their journey towards LPR. Future research may include the discussion of specific mental health needs among various immigrant groups in relation to the controversial legal process.