cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Strongyloides stercoralis infection in lymphoma patients. Report of a case and review of the literature

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal parasite that may cause fatal opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Herein is reported a patient who developed fatal disseminated strongyloidiasis 6 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy for a large cell lymphoma of the small intestine. After reviewing the clinical and epidemiologic features of 16 other cases of disseminated strongyloidiasis in patients with malignant lymphomas, the currently available laboratory methods for the diagnosis of this parasite are outlined. Because uncomplicated infections are treatable, candidates for chemotherapy or immunosuppression with a relevant geographic history should be screened for S. stercoralis prior to the initiation of the treatment.
Creating the Writer of the Cleric's Words

This essay argues that, although Anglican sermons were recognised as derivative compositions, it was important to their readers that they were handwritten documents. The discussion traces the effect of handwriting as a virtual dimension of printed writings by and about the clergy, focusing on Tristram Shandy, Mansfield Park and the faux manuscript sermons of John Trusler as texts drawing attention to religious writing at the surface of the page. The article supplements the account given by literary historians of original authorship and creativity as the immaterial categories used to counteract the proliferation of writing in the age of print.
Effects of molecular rotation and vibration - rotation interaction on collisionless multiple-photon excitation of SF6.

The effects of molecular rotation and vibration–rotation interaction and thermally excited vibrational states on the collisionless multiple-photon excitation (CMPE) of SF6 are calculated numerically, using preliminary vibrational anharmonic parameters derived from recent spectroscopic data. This is the first calculation of CMPE in SF6 employing the rotational energy levels and transition moments appropriate for a spherical-top molecule. Our calculated multiphoton threshold for CMPE in SF6 is lower by orders of magnitude than the threshold calculated without rotations. We have also made a tentative assignment of one transition in the ν3 → 2ν3 spectrum of SF6.
A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE PROTECTION OF THE ABUSED CHILD AND REHABILITATION OF THE ABUSING PARENT

Many judges and social workers feel that anyone can turn on to mothering. The fact is that some parents frankly do not like their children. They hate them. We don9t find it socially acceptable to let them say so. It is tragic that we don9t. We have faced the problem of parents not getting along and we call that divorce. We must acknowledge as a socially acceptable situation that a parent can admit she cannot mother her child for one reason or another. Allowing a mother or father to say in a socially acceptable way that try as they may, they cannot tolerate this child, will help us on the way to giving protection to all children. I would like to now propose the thought that the quality of mothering is a continuum of from none of it to a lot of it. By mothering, I mean not only the female term but a quality of caring for a defenseless young child, giving without limit if you please, to a tiny child, which fathers have in great abundance as well. This quality saves many lives and can be had by maiden aunts and spinsters and people who have never had a baby. For practical purposes we have to face the fact that very few of us, fathers or mothers, have it in us to be "that kind of a mother" 24 hours a day, seven days a week, all year long. If we have money we can arrange to supplement mothering for pay.
Effects of Selected Physical Activities on Global Self-Concept and Body-Cathexis Scores

To measure the effects of participation in selected physical activities on scores of global self-concept and body-cathexis, 78 men in university physical education service classes participated 3 hours per week for 8 wk. in one of three activities: strength development, body building, or jogging for fitness. The total number of subjects was 113, with the additional 35 men serving as controls. For body-cathexis scores, significant differences were found in favor of the body-building and jogging groups as compared to those of the strength-development and control groups. On global self-concept scores, the body-building and jogging groups showed an increase on immediate retest, while the strength-development and control groups showed little change.
Impact of an educational intervention and insurance coverage on patients' preferences to transfer multiple embryos.

Multiple gestations resulting from IVF continue to be a major problem associated with maternal/neonatal morbidity and mortality including preterm labour/delivery, pre-eclampsia and post-partum haemorrhage. A prospective survey at a university IVF clinic evaluated the effect of education and insurance coverage on patients' preferences for single-embryo transfer (SET) versus double-embryo transfer (DET). Patients undergoing IVF treatment from September 2008 to October 2009 were included. The main outcome measure was patients' preference of SET versus DET. Patients were sent an educational handout describing maternal and fetal risks of twin gestation. A total of 163 patients (32.6% response rate) returned the pre- and post-education surveys regarding preferences for SET versus DET based on three different IVF insurance coverage scenarios (no coverage, two cycles covered and unlimited coverage). There were statistically significant differences in the preference for SET before and after education across all insurance scenarios (scenario 1, 42.0% versus 61.1%; scenario 2, 50.6% versus 71.0%; and scenario 3, 61.7% versus 79.6%; P < 0.001 for all scenarios). Before education, patients preferred SET more in the unlimited coverage scenario (61.7%) versus no coverage (42.0%; P < 0.001). An educational handout and increasing the amount of insurance coverage significantly increased a patient's preference for SET. RBMOnline
Memory for Prose: Development of Mnemonic Strategies and Use of Higher Order Relations.

The study sought to determine (a) if age-related increases in memory for prose are, in part, due to deliberate mnemonic strategies, and (b) if older children use the high order relations in prose more efficiently than younger children. Tape-recorded passages were presented to 40 first and 40 fourth grade children. To induce deliberate mnemonic strategies, half of the children from each grade were informed that there would be a memory task; the rest were not told. Additionally, half of the children from each grade were presented contextual information which made the high order relations in prose apparent; the remaining children were not presented contextual information. After passage presentation, each child was asked to reconstruct the story. The analysis of variance indicated that older but not younger children exhibited higher reconstruction scores if they were told versus not told about the memory task. These results suggest that older children engaged in deliberate strategies. Additionally, reconstruction scores were higher if contextual information was presented than withheld. Apparently if contextual information is available, older as well as younger children efficiently retain the analysis of the high order relations extracted from prose. The American literature on memory development is replete with studies indicating that memory development is, in part, due to the development of deliberate mnemonic strategies (Meacham, 1972). While this conception of This investigation is based on a doctoral dissertation submitted to Ohio University by the first author and supervised by the second author. The authors wish to express sincere appreciation to Dr. George Klare, Dr. Danny Moates, Dr. Hal Arkes, and Dr. William Cooper, committee members, for their helpful comments and suggestions. A version of this paper was presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, New Orleans, March 1977. Requests for reprints should be sent to Daniel J. Christie, Department of Psychology, Morrill Hall, The Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio 43302.
Part 4: Dropping A Ping-Pong Ball

A differential equation is presented accounting for the effect of aerodynamic drag on a falling sphere along with its analytical solution. The resulting expression for the velocity of the ball predicts a terminal velocity of approximately 8 m/s. A falling ping-pong ball was recorded using a high-speed video, and the results correlate well with the analytical prediction.
Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Fields with Perimeter and Spatially Targeted Insecticides

Concern over insecticide resistance has led to the suggestion of spatially variable within-Þeld management of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Here we com- pare L. decemlineata spatial and temporal dynamics, and potato yield, in Þelds treated with a narrow perimeter (5.5 m) of systemic imidacloprid supplemented with spatially targeted sprays to untreated Þelds and to Þelds where all rows received the systemic. The systemic targeted immigrating individuals which, having acquired the Þeld through either sight or walking, Þrst established themselves in the outer 5.5 m of the Þeld. The perimeter treatment (25% of Þeld area) reduced mean densities with no effect on timing of peak densities. Immigrating adults established similar spatial trends in both perimeter and untreated Þelds. Although trends in F1 larval densities have been shown to follow the patterns established by immigrating adults, trends in the F1 larval densities of the perimeter treatments diverged from adult patterns and developed highest densities in Þeld centers. Immigrating adults had little to no spatial dependence in the covariance structure in any treatments. Spatial dependence in the covariance structure of F1 larval and F1 adult populations developed as density increased in both perimeter and untreated Þelds, with a tendency for increasing spatial dependence in perimeter Þelds, though this was not statistically signiÞcant. Comparing the perimeter to untreated Þelds, yields increased at a proportion that was higher than the proportion of land area treated, but remained signiÞcantly lower than the whole-Þeld treatment. These results suggest that the perimeter tactic has promise as a site-speciÞc resistance management program, but that reÞnement of border width is needed to optimize trade-offs among yield, quality, and long-term maintenance of susceptibility.
DESCRIPTION OF BOTRYLLOPHILUS SARSI, NEW SPECIES (COPEPODA: CYCLOPOIDA: ASCIDICOLIDAE), REPLACING B. BREVIPES SARS, 1921

Abstract The female of Botryllophilus sarsi is described as a new species, replacing B. brevipes Sars, 1921, which is a junior homonym of B. brevipes Brement, 1909. The description is based on specimens on loan from the Zoological Museum, University of Oslo. These copepods, living in a polycitorid ascidian, were collected on the west coast of Norway in 1937 and had been identified as B. brevipes Sars. Botryllophilus sarsi belongs to subgroup 1 of morphotype A of the genus and is distinguished from its five congeners by a combination of minor morphological features of body form, antennule, legs, and genitalia. Comparison of B. sarsi with similar botryllophilins and consideration of their ascidian hosts may lead us to question whether the host for B. brevipes Sars is a botryllid.
Etiology of orbital fractures at a level I trauma center in a large metropolitan city.

Abstract Background/Purpose Orbital fractures are a common facial fracture managed by multiple surgical specialties. Methods A retrospective review of the electronic medical records of patients (age, 18–85 years) presenting to Northwestern Memorial Hospital and Northwestern Medical Faculty Foundation in Chicago, IL, USA with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for facial fractures or CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) codes for orbital fracture repair. Results A review of the electronic medical records identified 504 individual incidents of orbital fractures with available imaging for review. The most common location for an orbital fracture was a floor fracture (48.0%) followed by a medial wall fracture (25.2%). Left-sided orbital fractures were statistically significantly more common than right-sided orbital fractures (99% confidence interval). Orbital fractures were more prevalent in younger age groups. The mean patient age was 39.3 years. The most common cause of all orbital fractures was assault followed by falls. However, falls were the most common cause of orbital fractures in women and in patients aged 50 years and older. Evaluation by an ophthalmologist occurred in 62.8% of orbital fracture patients, and evaluation by a team comprising the facial trauma service (Otolaryngology, Plastic Surgery, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) occurred in 81.9% of orbital fracture patients. Conclusion Assault was the largest cause of all orbital fractures, and occurred most commonly in young males. Assaulted patients were more likely to have left-sided fractures compared to nonassaulted patients. In patients aged 50 years and older, falls were the most common cause of orbital fractures.
Learning and interacting in human-robot domains

We focus on a robotic domain in which a human acts both as a teacher and a collaborator to a mobile robot. First, we present an approach that allows a robot to learn task representations from its own experiences of interacting with a human. While most approaches to learning from demonstration have focused on acquiring policies (i.e., collections of reactive rules), we demonstrate a mechanism that constructs high-level task representations based on the robot's underlying capabilities. Next, we describe a generalization of the framework to allow a robot to interact with humans in order to handle unexpected situations that can occur in its task execution. Without using explicit communication, the robot is able to engage a human to aid it during certain parts of task execution. We demonstrate our concepts with a mobile robot learning various tasks from a human and, when needed, interacting with a human to get help performing them.
Marketing Intelligence for Top Management

A number of large companies already have marketing intelligence departments, and others are planning to activate them.What lies behind this recent development in marketing management? What is meant...
Retinal pigment epithelial trough: a sign of chronicity of choroidal nevi.

Purpose To describe the clinical features and natural course of choroidal nevi with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) trough. Methods Retrospective observational case series. Results Of the 90 patients (91 choroidal nevi), 88 (98%) were Caucasian and 59 (66%) were women, with a mean age of 56 years (range 18-79 years) at presentation. The mean largest nevus basal diameter was 7 mm (range 3-12 mm) and the mean thickness was 2.2 mm (range 0.8-3.4 mm). Orange pigment and subretinal fluid were associated with 9 (10%) and 16 (18%) of the nevi, respectively. Overlying RPE alterations included RPE atrophy (93%), RPE hyperplasia (74%), drusen (54%), and RPE fibrous metaplasia (36%). Retinal pigment epithelial trough was present at initial evaluation in 88 eyes and developed during follow-up from a long-standing pocket of shallow subretinal fluid in 3 other eyes. The mean largest dimension of the RPE trough was 4 mm (range 1-16 mm) and most (76%) were located at the inferior margin of the nevus. Of 91 nevi, 82 had subsequent follow-up with a mean follow-up duration of 79 months (range 3-464 mo). Of these, 19 (23%) showed slight growth and only 3 (4%) had presumed transformation into melanoma. None of the patients showed evidence of distant metastasis. Conclusions Retinal pigment epithelial trough results from resorption of long-standing serous subretinal fluid and should therefore be considered a sign of chronicity of choroidal nevi. Choroidal nevi associated with RPE trough, despite their greater thickness and larger size, are relatively stable with minimal risk of progression into melanoma.
The Internal Anatomy, Reproductive Physiology, and Molting Process of Ceratozetes cisalpinus (Acarina: Oribatei)

All stages of Ceratozetes cisalpinus Berlese were sectioned successfully. Fixation in a modified Bouin's solution (with tetrahydrofuran substituted for the alcohol), with immediate puncturing, and embedding with a Tissuemat-N-butyl metacrylate provided excellent, undistorted sections of the heavily sclerotized adults; Tissuemat alone was sufficient for the immature stages. The molting process is divisible into a premolt and a hardening period, and one type of endocrine glands fluctuates in size, shape, and structure with the molting period. Except for the single pair of podosomatal glands, the smaller, more numerous dermal glands in immature stages are not the precursors of adult dermal glands; all dermal glands are associated with porose areas. The dorsal-opistosomatal gland (latero-abdominal of Grandjean) is poorly developed in this species. Salivary glands are formed from epidermal cells and are present only in adults. The epidermis disappears after adult sclerotization is complete. A central suspensory ligament forms a stable framework for muscle attachment in the region of the brain. The brain gives off 14 nerves, plus the ventral trunk. All tracheae originate from acetabula I and III, and each ends as a slightly swollen bulb. The digestive system comprises a stomodeum, a mesenteron, and a proctodeum; during molting a plug forms to block off each end of the mesenteron while the cuticular linings of the other two sections are replaced. The proventricular glands were found to contain green granules. Food flow is accomplished only by body-fluid hydraulic pressure and by further ingestion of food. The supracoxal gland is regarded as possibly being an excretory organ. The female matures up to 18 eggs at one time and deposits them simultaneously; the ovipositor is extruded by body-fluid pressure and retracted by special muscles. The penis is not an intromittent organ, but with the stalk-gland secretion forms the spermatophore.
Modes of ECLS

The two basic types of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) used commonly for adults are venovenous (VV) ECLS, typically for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and venoarterial (VA) ECLS, applied when circulatory as well as respiratory support is required. Each has its own indications, physiological implications, advantages, and complications. Moreover, circuit design depends on where blood is drawn from the body, where it is returned, and which components are needed for efficacy and safety. In this chapter, we explore each mode, as well as hybrid configurations, and compare and contrast how and why each is used.
Atomic Layer Deposited Corrosion Protection: A Path to Stable and Efficient Photoelectrochemical Cells

A fundamental challenge in developing photoelectrochemical cells for the renewable production of solar chemicals and fuels is the simultaneous requirement of efficient light absorption and robust stability under corrosive conditions. Schemes for corrosion protection of semiconductor photoelectrodes such as silicon using deposited layers were proposed and attempted for several decades, but increased operational lifetimes were either insufficient or the resulting penalties for device efficiency were prohibitive. In recent years, advances in atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thin coatings have made novel materials engineering possible, leading to substantial and simultaneous improvements in stability and efficiency of photoelectrochemical cells. The self-limiting, layer-by-layer growth of ALD makes thin films with low pinhole densities possible and may also provide a path to defect control that can generalize this protection technology to a large set of materials necessary to fully realize photoelectrochemica...
Isotope Edited Raman Difference Spectroscopy: Are Phosphates Important to Proteins? The Case of the Enzyme Phosphoglucomutase and Its Enzymatic Mechanism

Perhaps one third of all proteins bind phosphate or catalyze reactions involving phosphate groups. Very little is know about how phosphate binds to these proteins, and next to nothing is known about the mechanism of phosphate hydrolysis or phosphate transfer in these enzymes (cf., Herschlog & Jencks, 1993). It is of obvious importance to determine the vibrational spectra of bound phosphate groups since changes in bond orders from solution models yield quantitative binding information and/or evidence of bond ‘stress’ imposed on the phosphate group, which will provide important clues to a molecular mechanism of enzymic mechanism. The experimental problem is to determine the spectra of an individual phosphate group inside a protein. We summarize here recent experiments (Deng et al., 1993) that employ very sensitive non-resonance (classical) Raman difference spectroscopy on a phosphate transfer enzyme, phosphoglucomutase (PGM). The aim of this work was to determine the P••O stretch of bound phosphate inside this ca. 60 KDa protein. PGM catalyzes the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. The minimum number of steps involved in the catalytic pathway is given in the scheme 1. This work bears on the enzymic mechanism of this protein, but also shows that it is technically feasible to obtain the Raman spectrum of a single phosphate group inside such a large protein.
Career Employability Development Through a Specialized Asset Management’s Degree: An Exploratory Analysis for a Chilean Program

Asset Management as a growing discipline is being incorporated into the Chilean Industry, especially into the mining Industry; however, there is a need to provide the necessary skills and knowledge regarding these new positions. In that regard, since 2005 we have successfully incorporated a master’s program scheme entitled Master of Asset Management (MGA, currently in its 9th offering). Up to date, more than 300 postgraduate students from different industries have attended this MGA, becoming the leading program in Latin America. In the training field we have developed a Diploma on Asset Management (DGA—140 h). With the present study, we have analysed the students’ profiles to identify the industry distribution and, at the same time, to measure the extent to which the skilled labour (graduates) have moved between different job positions and/or companies, be it as a horizontal mobility (does not result in a change in the worker’s grading or status) or a vertical mobility (if it does). Additionally, we regularly test the influence of the market-value and scholastic and social dimensions of the human capital on the alumni. The scope is mainly the Chilean industry.
Bait-And-Switch Advertising: A Conceptual Approach

This paper provides a conceptual framework for evaluating the impact of bait-and-switch advertising on consumer’s welfare. It is argued that the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) definition of bait advertising is inadequate because the definition overlooks the issue of overall consumer welfare affected by bait advertising. Three scenarios which may develop in bait and switch advertising are discussed and policy recommendation for each scenario is suggested.
Pathogen metadata platform: software for accessing and analyzing pathogen strain information.

Pathogen metadata includes information about where and when a pathogen was collected and the type of environment it came from. Along with genomic nucleotide sequence data, this metadata is growing rapidly and becoming a valuable resource not only for research but for biosurveillance and public health. However, current freely available tools for analyzing this data are geared towards bioinformaticians and/or do not provide summaries and visualizations needed to readily interpret results. We designed a platform to easily access and summarize data about pathogen samples. The software includes a PostgreSQL database that captures metadata useful for disease outbreak investigations, and scripts for downloading and parsing data from NCBI BioSample and BioProject into the database. The software provides a user interface to query metadata and obtain standardized results in an exportable, tab-delimited format. To visually summarize results, the user interface provides a 2D histogram for user-selected metadata types and mapping of geolocated entries. The software is built on the LabKey data platform, an open-source data management platform, which enables developers to add functionalities. We demonstrate the use of the software in querying for a pathogen serovar and for genome sequence identifiers. This software enables users to create a local database for pathogen metadata, populate it with data from NCBI, easily query the data, and obtain visual summaries. Some of the components, such as the database, are modular and can be incorporated into other data platforms. The source code is freely available for download at https://github.com/wchangmitre/bioattribution .
Camelot and Canada: Canadian–American relations in the Kennedy era

Asa McKercher makes an important contribution to the literature on United States–Canada relations by contradicting the widespread assertion by many if not most Canadian observers that the poor rela...
Forming patterned films with tethered polymers

We use numerical and analytical models to investigate polymer films formed by tethering chains to flat surfaces and immersing the system in a poor solvent. Since the ends of the chains are immobilized on the surface, the polymers avoid the unfavorable solvent by clustering together into aggregates, or pinned micelles, on the surface. These micelles have a uniform size and spacing and form a distinct pattern. We demonstrate that more complex surface patterns can be generated by tethering homopolymers to two surfaces (so that the chains bridge the interfaces) or anchoring copolymers onto one surface. Our numerical calculations reveal the morphology of the layer and the scaling arguments indicate how the dimensions of the patterns depend on the characteristics of the chains and solvent. Finally, we investigate how free copolymers in solution can be exploited to modify the patterns in the film. These results provide further guidelines for controlling the structure of the tethered layer. Overall, the patterned films are useful in the fabrication of adhesives, lubricants and ordered colloidal arrays. The surfaces can also be used to regulate the flow of molecules in channels and for selective filtration systems.
Identification of a Dolabellane Type Diterpene Synthase and other Root-Expressed Diterpene Synthases in Arabidopsis .

Arabidopsis thaliana maintains a complex metabolism for the production of secondary or specialized metabolites. Such metabolites include volatile and semivolatile terpenes, which have been associated with direct and indirect defensive activities in flowers and leaves. In comparison, the structural diversity and function of terpenes in Arabidopsis roots has remained largely unexplored despite a substantial number of root-expressed genes in the Arabidopsis terpene synthase (TPS) gene family. We show that five root-expressed TPSs of an expanded subfamily-a type clade in the Arabidopsis TPS family function as class I diterpene synthases that predominantly convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to different semi-volatile diterpene products, which are in part detectable at low levels in the ecotypes Columbia (Col) and Cape Verde Island (Cvi). The enzyme TPS20 produces a macrocyclic dolabellane diterpene alcohol and a dolabellane-related diterpene olefin named dolathaliatriene with a so far unknown C6-C11 bicyclic scaffold besides several minor olefin products. The TPS20 compounds occur in all tissues of Cvi but are absent in the Col ecotype because of deletion and substitution mutations in the Col TPS20 sequence. The primary TPS20 diterpene products retard the growth of the root rot pathogen Pythium irregulare but only at concentrations exceeding those in planta. Together, our results demonstrate that divergence and pseudogenization in the Arabidopsis TPS gene family allow for structural plasticity in diterpene profiles of above- and belowground tissues.
Oxygen Atom Transfer and Intramolecular Nitrene Transfer in a Rhenium β-Diketiminate Complex.

We present two routes to the oxo rhenium complex OReCl2(BDI) (1) (BDI = N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-β-diketiminate) and discuss the properties and reactivity of this material. Several adducts of 1 with DMAP (1-DMAP; DMAP = 4-dimethylaminopyridine), isonitriles (1-XylNC; XylNC = 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide), and phosphines (1-PEt3; PEt3 = triethylphosphine) were isolated and characterized. Additionally, to probe the ancillary limitations of the BDI framework in high-valent rhenium complexes, oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactivity with 1 was pursued. It was found that under thermolysis conditions OAT between 1 and PEt3 was observed by NMR spectroscopy, which indicated the formation of a new species, (ArN)ReCl2(MAD)(PEt3) (2; Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, MAD = 4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)pent-2-enide). A mechanism for the generation of 2 involving nitrene transfer to rhenium from the BDI ligand is proposed. X-ray crystal structures of complexes 1, 1-PEt3, 1-DMAP, and 2 were determined and are discuss...
Application of the Rat Grimace Scale as a Marker of Supraspinal Pain Sensation after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Abstract Experimental models of neuropathic pain (NP) typically rely on withdrawal responses to assess the presence of pain. Reflexive withdrawal responses to a stimulus are used to evaluate evoked pain and, as such, do not include the assessment of spontaneous NP nor evaluation of the affective and emotional consequences of pain in animal models. Additionally, withdrawal responses can be mediated by spinal cord reflexes and may not accurately indicate supraspinal pain sensation. This is especially true in models of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), wherein spastic syndrome, a motor disorder characterized by exaggeration of the stretch reflex that is secondary to hyperexcitability of the spinal reflex, can cause paroxysmal withdrawals not associated with NP sensation. Consequently, the aim of this study was to utilize an assessment of supraspinal pain sensation, the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), to measure both spontaneous and evoked NP after a contusion SCI at cervical level 5 in adult male rats. Spontaneou...
Ecotoxic effects of paclitaxel-loaded nanotherapeutics on freshwater algae, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The contamination of water bodies and water pollution with pharmaceuticals are global issues receiving increasing attention, stemming from population growth and the resultant rises in pharmaceutical consumption, disposal, and excretion. However, little is known about how emerging classes of pharmaceuticals, in particular nanopharmaceuticals, influence water bodies and organisms living in them. In this work, we investigate the interactions of paclitaxel-loaded nanomedicine with freshwater algae Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. For a given paclitaxel concentration, the nanomedicine form of paclitaxel led to a higher localization of paclitaxel on/in algal cell surfaces and inhibited algal growth more than molecular (free) paclitaxel. In addition, while the molecular paclitaxel at the solubility limit in water could not significantly hinder algal growth to reach an IC50 level, the nanomedicine form had a 120 h IC50 value of 1.1 ± 0.1 μg paclitaxel ml−1 for C. reinhardtii and a 72 h IC50 value of 1.6 ± 0.1 μg paclitaxel ml−1 for R. subcapitata. In the case of paclitaxel-loaded nanomedicine, concentrations above 16.2 μg paclitaxel mL−1 for R. subcapitata and above 5.4 μg paclitaxel mL−1 for C. reinhardtii resulted in an algaecidal effect, i.e. algal necrosis and complete stoppage of algal growth. The presence of paclitaxel-loaded nanomedicine also hindered the photosynthetic activity while free-paclitaxel caused no significant effect on it. These findings indicate that nanopharmaceuticals can cause ecotoxic effects on freshwater algae, which is otherwise not possible with traditional pharmaceuticals, owing to their ability to solubilize water-insoluble drug molecules in them.
35-OR: FACILITATING CELLS DERIVED FROM DECEASED DONOR BONE MARROW AND MOBILIZED PERIPHERAL BLOOD HAVE SIMILAR PHENOTYPIC AND FUNCTION PROPERTIES

Aim Stable chimerism and tolerance can be achieved in HLA-disparate kidney recipients treated with donor hematopoietic stem cell (DHCS) transplantation supplemented with facilitating cells (FC) derived from mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) after living donor leukopheresis (Sci. Transl. Med. 2012; 4 (124): 124re28). The use of deceased donor (dd) vertebral body bone marrow (VBM), however, could extend the protocol to multiple dd transplant recipients. We aimed to characterize and evaluate the functional capacity of dd bone marrow-derived FC. Methods VBM was manually minced and gently shaken in RPMI ± mobilizing agent AMD-3100. Magnetic microbeads and flow sorting were used to purify DHSC and FC based on CD34+ and CD8a+/TCR αβ - expression, respectively (n = 10). Cells were seeded in allogeneic and autologous mixed lymphocyte cell reactions (MLR) to test modulatory effects of DHSC and FC (n = 4). Results Incubation of the VBM tissue in AMD-3100 did not significantly enhance cell yield. VBM FC yield was similar to mPB yield (2.05 ± 0.92% (n = 9) vs. 2.06 ± 1.28% (n = 5), respectively. FC cells derived from VBM had similar cell markers as those described in mPB and exhibit a heterogenous cell phenotype, including NK and pre-plasmacytoid dendritic markers CD56 (47.95% ± 0.07), CD3 (31.85% ± 2.33), and CD11b (40.55% ± 8.41). Notably, VBM or mPB-derived FC inhibited proliferation of CFSE-labeled CD4+ responder cells stimulated with allogeneic cells (15% FC vs 26% control in VBM; 0.46% FC vs 17.8% control in mPB) and increased the expression of CD127-CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells. The inhibitory and Treg amplification properties were similar to those of CD34+ cells from VBM and mPB. Conclusions Although the gross make up of the VBM differs from that of mPB, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of FC are similar. These results suggest VBM-derived FC can also be used in transplant recipients for enhancing stable chimerism.
Self-peeling of impacting droplets

When molten tin droplets impact clean substrates, they either stick or spontaneously detach depending on the substrate temperature. Competition between heat extraction and fluidity controls this behaviour, forgoing the need for surface treatment.
Horticultural performance and elemental nutrient concentrations on ‘Fuji’ grafted on apple rootstocks under New York State climatic conditions

Abstract A study was carried out to determine the horticultural performance and leaf and fruit elemental nutrient concentrations of 48 apple rootstocks grafted on ‘Fuji’ apple cultivar, and grown on a commercial farm in the Hudson Valley (Milton) New York State, USA from 2005 to 2015. Tree circumference was measured at the end of each year, and fruit yield data were collected from the third year (2007) to the eleventh year (2015). Leaf and fruit macro- and microelements were evaluated at the tenth year of the study. Most of the rootstocks evaluated survived well in the Hudson Valley conditions, with the exception of the Geneva ® (G or CG) rootstocks CG.4002 and CG.5030. The smallest trees were on CG.2034, M.27 and JM.4 and had the lowest cumulative yield and the lowest cumulative number of fruits, and medium to low fruit size, but the highest cumulative yield efficiency (kg cm −2 ). Other rootstocks, such as the dwarfing CG.2002, CG.2426, CG.4008, CG.5757, M.9 and the semi-dwarfing rootstock CG.6006, also had higher yield efficiencies. On the other hand, the medium vigor CG rootstocks such as CG.6001, CG.6253, CG.6976, and CG.8189 had high cumulative yield and high cumulative fruit number, and medium to high yield efficiency. Rootstocks had a significant influence on most of the fruit and leaf mineral concentration (dry weight basis). G.935, G.222 and CG.5257 conferred some of the highest values of fruit boron whereas M.9, M.27 and PiAu51.11 had the lowest. Fruit phosphorous values were closely associated with leaf boron, leaf potassium, and leaf sodium. Fruit calcium was highest in G.214, CG.2406, G.969, JM.4 and CG.5757, while the lowest values were with JM.1, PiAu51.11, and JTE-C. Fruit nitrogen values were lowest in M.7, PiAu51.4, B.54-118, and CG.8534 and the highest values were in the dwarfing rootstock CG.2034 and semi-dwarfing rootstock CG.4011. Weak but significant positive correlations were found between fruit size and leaf and fruit Mg, and leaf C. Significant correlations were found between nutrients: leaf B, P and K were highly positively correlated, and leaf Zn with leaf Mn and leaf Na. A strong positive correlation was found between fruit P and fruit K, fruit P and fruit B, and moderate positive correlation between fruit S and fruit K suggesting similar mechanisms of rootstock induction for these nutrients. These nutrient data are being utilized to customize scion nutrient requirements to rootstock-induced nutrient profiles.
Satellite Imagery for Landslide Mapping in an Earthquake-Struck Area

This study examines the utilities of satellite imagery for landslide mapping in connection to a recent major earthquake event. The study area covers part of the Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, approximately 30 km away from the epicenter of the Sichuan Earthquake that struck on 12 May 2008. Estimated at the magnitude of 7.9 on the Richter scale, this earthquake is cited as the 19th deadliest earthquake of all time. The Sichuan Earthquake and its aftershocks have triggered numerous landslides that were directly responsible for at least one-third of the overall casualties and widespread infrastructure damage. The primary data used are two satellite images acquired before and after the Sichuan Earthquake by Terra’s Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM). Georeferencing and radiometric normalization are conducted before further processing the satellite scenes. A Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) image is computed from each of the images, and the NDVI change after the Earthquake is analyzed. It is found that the areas with a large NDVI decrease were largely related to earthquake-triggered landslide activities. This study demonstrates that satellite imagery can be quite useful to map the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides quickly.
An Integrated Polysome Profiling and Ribosome Profiling Method to Investigate In Vivo Translatome

Recent advances in global translatome analysis technologies enable us to understand how translational regulation of gene expression modulates cellular functions. In this chapter, we present an integrated method to measure various aspects of translatome by polysome profiling and ribosome profiling using purified B cells. We standardized our protocols to directly compare the results from these two approaches. Parallel assessment of translatome with these two approaches can generate a comprehensive picture on how translational regulation determines protein output.
Disruption of thyroid hormone sulfotransferase activity by brominated flame retardant chemicals in the human choriocarcinoma placenta cell line, BeWo

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of enzymes that regulate intracellular levels of THs, such as sulfotransferases (SULTs). The placenta plays a critical role in helping to maintain TH levels during fetal development and expresses SULTs. This is concerning given that disruption of TH regulation within the placenta could potentially harm the developing fetus. In this study, we investigated the effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), two hydroxylated PBDEs, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) on TH SULT activity in a choriocarcinoma placenta cell line (BeWo). BeWo cells were exposed to BFR concentrations up to 1 μM for 1-24 h to investigate changes in basal SULT activity and in mRNA expression of several TH regulating genes. 2,4,6-TBP was the most potent inhibitor of basal 3,3'-T2 SULT activity at all exposure durations, decreasing activity by as much as 86% after 24 h of exposure. BDE-99, 3-OH BDE-47, and 6-OH BDE-47 also decreased 3,3'-T2 SULT activity by 23-42% at concentrations of 0.5 μM and 1.0 μM following 24 h exposures. BDE-47 had no effect on SULT activity, and there was no observed effect of any BFR exposure on expression of SULT1A1, or thyroid nuclear receptors alpha or beta. This research demonstrates that total TH SULT activity in placental cells are sensitive to BFR exposure; however, the mechanisms and consequences have yet to be fully elucidated.
Extracting the Principal Shape Components via Convex Programming

We present a general method for extracting a region from an image (or 3D object) that can be expressed, or approximated, by taking unions and set differences from a collection of template shapes in a dictionary. We build on recent work that shows how this geometric problem can be recast in the language of linear algebra, with set operations on shapes translated into linear combinations of vectors, and solved using convex programming. This paper presents a set of sufficient conditions for which this convex program returns the “correct” shape. These conditions are robust in that they can account for the shapes that have indistinct boundaries, or model mismatch between the shapes in the dictionary and the target region in the image. We also present two different methods for solving the convex extraction program. The first method simply recasts the problem as a linear program, while the second uses the alternating direction method of multipliers with a series of easily computed proximal operators. We present a number of numerical experiments that use the framework to perform image segmentation, optical character recognition, and find multi-resolution geometrical descriptions of 3D objects.
Quality of life as a mediator of leisure activity and perceived health among older women

Despite consistent evidence to suggest that participating in leisure is associated with perceived health status among older adults, there have been few attempts to determine the possible underlying mechanisms in this relationship, including the role of quality of life (QoL). This study examined the role of perceived quality of life in the relationship between leisure and perceived health in older women. Correlations, regression, and mediation analysis were conducted on data from the Woman’s College Alumnae Women’s Health Study. Results indicate that QoL partially mediates the relationship between leisure and perceived health in older women. Findings further establish the link between leisure and perceived health with QoL playing an important role in the relationship.
Nancy A. Moran: The Winding Path of a Brilliant Scientific Life

Nancy A. Moran is the Leslie Surginer Endowed Professor of integrative biology at the University of Texas at Austin; her work focuses on how biological complexity arises in associations of organisms, particularly between insects and microbes. This chapter, written by John P. McCutcheon, explores Dr. Moran’s career path, her well-known work on insect endosymbionts, and her approach towards science and mentoring, as well as personal reflections from the author.
Associations between mass incarceration and community health in New York City.

Abstract Objectives Incarceration has escalated over the past four decades in the United States, creating a number of negative consequences for individuals, families, and communities. This study seeks to identify the associations between mass incarceration and health behaviors/perceptions on a neighborhood level. Study design This study uses the cross-sectional design. Methods Using the street intercept method, we collected in-person survey data from residents in two New York City neighborhoods (one in the South Bronx and the other in Northern Manhattan) with similar levels of social disadvantage but significantly different rates of jail admission. Results Respondents in both neighborhoods self-reported similar ratings of their physical health. Significant differences between neighborhoods include incidence of fast food consumption over the past week, alcohol use over the last 3 months, and perceptions of the occurrence of teen pregnancy in the neighborhood. Conclusions This study hopes to inform future researchers and interventionists about associations between mass incarceration and health-related behaviors/perceptions to facilitate consideration of this increasingly common social factor as a determinant of community health in future research.
Creating the Essential Middle Ground: Using Media to Enhance Tolerance and Co-Habitation in Africa

While the media has typically been viewed as an instrument of incitement in the perpetration of genocide, this article offers another perspective on the possibility of media as a tool to promote tolerance and contribute to peace-building efforts. The author concentrates her analysis on the use of “peace media” in sub-Saharan Africa and discusses the conflicting views of media’s purpose in that region of the world. The article promotes the idea that media/journalism can be appropriately and actively used for reconciliation purposes, not just to provide an “objective” view of news items.
Structure-function, recyclability and calorimetry studies of CO2 adsorption on some amine modified Type I & Type II sorbents

Abstract CO2 adsorption was studied on different amines immobilized on silica, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and mesoporous SBA-15 substrates. Hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) was impregnated onto silica and PMMA to generate Type I sorbents and their CO2 adsorption capacities were measured and compared to the respective unmodified supports. Amine-functionalized Type II sorbents were also synthesized by loading different amounts of a monoamine ((3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane), a diamine (N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ethylenediamine) and a triamine (N1-(3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine) onto mesoporous SBA-15 using grafting techniques. Nitrogen physisorption studies, surface density measurements and low angle XRD plots indicated a progressive filling of SBA-15 pores with increase in respective amine loadings. CO2 breakthrough studies conducted on PEI impregnated silica and PMMA at 40 °C and 60 °C showed that the temperature strongly influenced the CO2 adsorption capacities. The amount of total CO2 captured on amine-grafted SBA-15 sorbents increased with rise in amine density and amine type in the order Triamine > Diamine > Monoamine. All recyclability studies on the amine-modified sorbents yielded consistent CO2 capture capacities over a period of 3–5 adsorption–regeneration cycles. Simultaneous determination of adsorption capacities and corresponding associated heats at important stages of a complete CO2 breakthrough run (under both dry & moist conditions) provided critical real-time insights into the adsorption process and can be used as an effective tool for screening potential sorbents.
Synthesis, Mass Spectrometry, and Atomic Structural Analysis of Au∼2000(SR)∼290 Nanoparticles

Metallic nanoparticles display unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. These properties are influenced by the internal structure of nanoparticles. T...