cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: African Americans: Official and Unofficial Violence in America:

In this essay the author introduces the emergence of the paddy rollers as control forces to contain the black population during the enslavement of Africans in the United States. Soon after the end ...
Construal Level Theory as a Framework for Navigating Community Contexts in Tourism Planning

This methodologically focused paper introduces construal level theory of psychological distance (CLT) as a useful framework for tourism and community researchers and planners. This paper compares h...
The Relation of the Perceptions of Aesthetics and Usability

Aesthetics and usability both play critical roles in product design. But how might measurement of these two conceptually-different features of products interfere with one another? The current resea...
Study of Mid-infrared Optical Properties of ZnS Thin Films by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

ZnS films with different thickness were prepared on K9 glass substrate by electronic beam evaporation.They were denoted by A,B,C.The optical properties of thin films were studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry.The measured date of film A,B,C were fitted by Brendel oscillator,and based on ZnS film properties and the film forming characteristic of the ZnS film,building the model"substrate(K9glass)/EMA(50% K9 glass and 50% ZnS)/ZnS/rough surface layer(50% ZnS and 50%air)/air".The optical constants curve and thickness of ZnS thin film were got.The results show that the evaluation function MSE is small when Brendel model is used in data fitting.Within the wavelength range of 3000-12500 nm,the ZnS thin films refractive index and extinction coefficient are reduced with increasing wavelength.The extinction coefficient tends to zero near the long wavelengh.The thickness of ZnS measured value was closest to the theoretical value.The results have certain reference value to measurement and preparation of high quality ZnS thin film.
Process and procedural adjustments to improve CD34+ collection efficiency of hematopoietic progenitor cell collections in sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND Adequate CD34+ collection efficiency (CE) is critical to achieve target CD34+ cell doses in hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) collections. Autologous HPC collection in sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with unstable collection interfaces and low CD34+ CEs. We hypothesized that variables specific to SCD, activation of blood cells and elevated viscosity, might contribute to these issues and made adjustments to the collection process and procedure to address our hypothesis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In two patients with SCD undergoing autologous HPC collection on our clinical trial (NCT02193191), we therefore implemented adjustments to the process and procedure in the following areas: proximity of RBC exchange to HPC collection, the type of anticoagulation, and the packing factor setting. RESULTS There was no collection interface instability. Our CD34+ CE1s were high at 70% and 51%, and granulocyte CE, platelet CE, and product granulocyte % were remarkably low. Product hematocrits were not as high as previously reported to be required to obtain adequate CEs. Interestingly, one HPC product showed a hemoglobin S (HbS) of 91% at the same time that the peripheral blood (PB) showed a HbS of 22%. DISCUSSION Adjustments to the HPC collection process and procedure were associated with adequate CD34+ CEs and low granulocyte and platelet contamination in HPC products from SCD patients. Given the discrepancy in the percentage of sickle RBCs in the product versus the PB, we hypothesize that CD34+ cells and RBCs may aggregate. Our interventions and hypothesis should be further investigated in larger studies.
Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cell Neoplastic Subpopulations Outlined by Single-Cell Transcriptomics

Fatal metastasis occurs when circulating tumor cells (CTCs) disperse through the blood to initiate a new tumor at specific sites distant from the primary tumor. CTCs have been classically defined as nucleated cells positive for epithelial cell adhesion molecule and select cytokeratins (EpCAM/CK/DAPI), while negative for the common lymphocyte marker CD45. The enumeration of CTCs allows an estimation of the overall metastatic burden in breast cancer patients, but challenges regarding CTC heterogeneity and metastatic propensities persist, and their decryption could improve therapies. CTCs from metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients were captured using the RareCyteTM Cytefinder II platform. The Lin- and Lin+ (CD45+) cell populations isolated from the blood of three of these mBC patients were analyzed by single-cell transcriptomic methods, which identified a variety of immune cell populations and a cluster of cells with a distinct gene expression signature, which includes both cells expressing EpCAM/CK ("classic" CTCs) and cells possessing an array of genes not previously associated with CTCs. This study put forward notions that the identification of these genes and their interactions will promote novel areas of analysis by dissecting properties underlying CTC survival, proliferation, and interaction with circulatory immune cells. It improves upon capabilities to measure and interfere with CTCs for impactful therapeutic interventions.
Maximizing Learning in Early Childhood Multiage Classrooms: Child, Teacher, and Parent Perceptions

The multiage classroom is not a new concept. In fact, the concept of multiage grouping dates back to the one-room schoolhouse of the 19th century. Most educators believe that multiage grouping allows them to develop a more developmentally appropriate program. It is considered as a “natural community of learners”. Graded schools focus primarily on the model that teaching is transmitted to the learner, whereas multiage settings focus on the interactive nature of the teacher/student. Multiage concept is based on the assumption that children learn best in active ways through the interaction with the environment and with different people. This study emerged out of my curiosity to examine what it means to have a child in a multiage classroom, especially from the child's and the parents' perspectives. In an effort to gain perspective from several sources, the researcher spoke with children, parents, and the teacher involved in the program. Although multiage classrooms seem to have several benefits, there are some concerns: the parents' and communities' lack of understanding of the program, the lack of training of multiage teachers, and the teachers' fear of more preparation time and more materials. Nevertheless, the multiage class allows for each child to progress at their own pace. Individuality is also valued in the class, and labels are not used to describe the more or less advanced students. Children also feel less competition as opposed to a traditional classroom because they are all on different levels and have different expectations set for themselves. Since the children spend more than 1 year in a class they have more time to develop caring relationships with other classmates and the teacher. As schools progress toward more developmentally appropriate programs, multiage and nongraded environments will flourish.
Abstract 18120: The Relationship Between Estimated Total Ischemic Time and Hospital Survival in Patients Suffering From Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: The incidence of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the U.S. is approximately 400,000 patients per year. Despite quality improvement efforts, overall survival after cardiac arrest remains poor, suggesting that there are other factors at play. One such variable is total ischemic time. This analysis was performed to determine the role of total ischemic time in hospital survival after OHCA. Methods: The OHCA records were queried from the cardiac arrest registry maintained by Houston Fire department from 2007-2012.Association between outcome and predictor variables was assessed using logistic regression. The outcome variable is defined as survival and discharge from the hospital. Our predictor variable of interest was Estimated Total Ischemic Time, which was calculated as the difference between time of Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) and Fire Rescue Dispatch time. The Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness of Fit test grouped by ten showed that the null (the model) should not be rejected (p = 0...
Osteoporosis prevention: Knowledge and behavior in a southwestern community

Prior to developing an osteoporosis prevention education program and social marketing campaign, we sought to (a) establish current status of osteoporosis-related knowledge and behavior among women aged 25-55 years in Maricopa County, Arizona, and (b) assess factors that segment the population by age and ethnicity. Two-hundred women were surveyed by telephone using random-digit dialing selection. Data demonstrated knowledge of need to consume adequate calcium, but mixed understanding of forms of exercise that help prevent osteoporosis. Knowledge of osteoporosis prevention did not differ as a function of menopause status. Differences for Hispanic versus non-Hispanic women's knowledge showed fewer correct responses for Hispanics for dietary and physical activity questions, and more correct responses on the relationship between body weight and osteoporosis risk. Hispanic women and post-menopausal women generally fit the pattern of higher risk behaviors with Hispanic women exercising and using HRT less and postmenopausal women reporting lower calcium intake and physical activity and more tobacco use. Hispanic women appeared to have similar intake of dietary calcium despite lower levels of milk products. Social marketing campaigns for osteoporosis prevention should be segmented for cultural and age differences, especially considering differences in orientations toward exercise, milk consumption, and competing emphasis on other diseases.
Applications of Banach space theory to sectorial operators

Abstract We will discuss recent joint work of the author with Gilles Lancien and Lutz Weis on the theory of sectorial operators. Our presentation is informal and we hope to show how classical Banach space theory finds applications in this area.
Two Intelligent Control Systems for Silicon Carbide Whisker Production

Silicon carbide whiskers, a strong material that resembles cat's whiskers, are produced, primarily, for strengthening ceramics and metals. The current method for producing these whiskers is to use a semibatch process, extremely difficult to model mathematically. An alternative model utilizes the expertise of operators accumulated from years of experience in initializing and running the process. We designed two expert systems in which the process can be set up and run by nonexperts. One system uses crisp logic and the other fuzzy logic. In this article, we compare the two systems.
Motivational Systems: Rewards and Incentive Value

The study of motivation has evolved from early ideas that largely dismissed work beyond the concepts of reinforcement and punishment to a much richer and more complex understanding of the neurobiology underlying the different components involved in motivated behavior. Motivated behavior relies on a highly interconnected set of structures including neocortical and allocortical regions, the striatum, the pallidum, and midbrain dopamine neurons. In particular, glutamatergic inputs from the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala to regions of the striatum, especially the nucleus accumbens, are crucially involved in choosing and promoting specific goal-directed behaviors. The nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum interact with each other to process the incoming information, assign and interpret values with regard to the information, and translate the information into eventual behavioral outputs. The nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum use GABA and opioid-peptides in their communication and these neurotransmitters are critically involved in disinhibiting behavioral output and assigning hedonic value, respectively. The midbrain dopamine cells, especially those in the ventral tegmental area, innervate all the other regions involved in the motive circuit. Though still debated with regard to its role, dopamine release is an important event in mediating ongoing behavior to obtain reinforcement, gating input to the structures, and promoting neural plasticity that mediates future motivated behavior choices and responses. The following chapter reviews these systems to provide an overview for how, on a neurobiological level, external stimuli, internal drives, and decision-making guide behavior choices. Keywords: nucleus accumbens; dopamine; glutamate; GABA; ventral pallidum
Elements of the Theory of Amorphous Semiconductors

The main elements of the theory of amorphous semiconductors are reviewed. The kinds of disorder occurring in these materials are classified. The consequences of the various kinds of disorder for electronic states and energies at and near the band edges and in the gaps are discussed. The energy spectrum is divided into ranges according to the principal characteristics of the states and the spectrum, localized vs. extended, universal vs. nonuniversal, smooth vs. fractal, etc. The effects of interactions are discussed. The general theory of transport is reviewed. The consequences of the above for the optical and the transport properties are discussed briefly.
Risk of hospitalized infection among rheumatoid arthritis patients concurrently treated with a biologic agent and denosumab.

Objective Denosumab is a biologic agent used to treat osteoporosis. Its safety profile given concurrently with biologic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been well studied. We evaluated hospitalized infections among patients treated with biologic agents for RA who initiated denosumab or zoledronic acid (ZA), a parenteral bisphosphonate without known associations with infection. We hypothesized that the rate of hospitalized infection with denosumab would be noninferior to ZA. Methods We identified RA patients enrolled in Medicare in 2006–2012 treated with biologic agents who initiated denosumab or ZA. Cox proportional hazards models compared the risk for hospitalized infection, comparing denosumab users to ZA users and adjusting for potentially confounding factors. A noninferiority margin was specified a priori to demonstrate that denosumab had no greater infection risk than ZA if the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the hazard ratio (HR) was <1.5. Results Eligible RA patients receiving biologic agents initiated denosumab (n = 1,354) or ZA (n = 4,460). Characteristics of the denosumab users were as follows: mean ± SD age 73.0 ± 8.9, 98.2% women, with a majority receiving infliximab (35.7%) or abatacept (18.6%). Denosumab users had a higher prevalence of prior infections (11.5% hospitalized and 48.3% outpatient) and infection-related risk factors. The crude rate of hospitalized infections for denosumab (14.9/100 person-years [95% CI 12.2–18.1]) was comparable to that for ZA (13.9/100 person-years [95% CI 12.5–15.4]). After adjustment, the HR of hospitalized infection for denosumab users was noninferior to that for ZA users (HR 0.89 [95% CI 0.69–1.15]). Conclusion The rate of hospitalized infection among RA patients receiving denosumab concurrently with biologic agents for RA was not increased compared to those receiving zoledronate.
Compositional Study on Rice Bran Oil after Lipase-Catalyzed Glycerolysis and Solvent Fractionations

Rice bran oil (RBO) was modified through lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis. After 48 h reaction, the reactant (RBO-G, solved in hexane) containing 0.14 mg/mL of MAG, 0.19 mg/mL of DAG, and 0.93 mg/mL of TAG was obtained. Extending the reaction to 72 h resulted in 0.37 mg/mL of DAG with concomitant reduction in TAG (0.68 mg/mL). Two solvent fractionation methods, independent and sequential fractionation, were performed with acetone and hexane at 0, -8, -14, or -35 degrees C. The fraction with most unsaturated fatty acids (Sigma UFA) was liquid fraction from independent fractionation at -35 degrees C (-35 In) from hexane, showing 88.3%Sigma UFA content. Nevertheless, when yield (wt%) was considered, the highest amount of UFA was obtained from 0 In (liquid fraction from independent fractionation at 0 degrees C) with hexane, resulting in 82.3%Sigma UFA with 97.9 wt% recovery. Normal-phase HPLC was conducted for the compositional study of RBO-G. Overall, solid fractions from sequential fractionation at 0 degrees C (0 SeSo) and independent fractionation at -35 degrees C (-35 InSo) with hexane contained the high concentration of total MAG and DAG, ranging from 0.94 to 1.35 (mg/mL).
Risk/protective factors among addicted mothers' offspring : A replication study

There are few systematic studies of the school-aged offspring of drug-dependent patients, although this information is useful for planning evidence-based prevention programs. We have completed such a study, which we compare to a similar study independently conducted in 1998. In both studies, both the parent and offspring were assessed blindly and independently by direct diagnostic interviews, and parental assessment of offspring was also obtained. The similarity in design and methods between studies provided an opportunity for replication by reanalysis of data. The major findings are a replication in two independently conducted studies of school-aged offspring of opiate- and/or cocaine-addicted mothers of the high rates of any psychiatric disorder (60% in both studies), major depression (20%, 26%), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (18%, 23%), conduct disorder (17%, 9%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (13%, 8%), and substance abuse (5%, 10%) among offspring. Both studies also found high...
Increase in hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity following chronic ethanol intake in combination with a high fat diet☆☆☆

Increased hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity following chronic ethanol consumption has been attributed to enzyme induction, dietary carbohydrate imbalance, and/or to hepatic cell damage. In this study, hepatic GGT activity was increased in rats consuming ethanol (35% of kcals) in a high fat (35% of kcals) diet compared to pair fed and ad lib. fed high fat controls (P less than or equal to 0.01), but no enhancement of activity was observed in those rats consuming ethanol on low fat (11% of kcals) diets. The high-fat-ethanol group also had increased hepatic lipid (P less than or equal to 0.01) and decreased glutathione levels (P less than or equal to 0.05) compared to their ad lib. fed control group. In rats that had ethanol removed from their diet for the final 4 weeks of the 12-week dietary treatment period, levels of GGT, lipid or glutathione were not different from control values. Histochemical evaluation of hepatic GGT activity showed increases associated with centrolobular lipid accumulation in ethanol-fed rats consuming a high fat diet. The cause of the increase in hepatic GGT activity could not be determined from this experiment. However, increased microsomal enzyme activity did not appear to be related to GGT activity. It is suggested that cellular damage following increased lipid accumulation, depletion of hepatic glutathione, or changes in biliary flow may be associated with the increased GGT activity.
The M16 mouse: an outbred animal model of early onset polygenic obesity and diabesity.

Objective: To characterize the phenotypic consequences of long-term selective breeding for rapid weight gain, with an emphasis on obesity and obesity-induced diabetes (diabesity). Research Methods and Procedures: M16 is the result of long-term selection for 3- to 6-week weight gain from an ICR base population. Experiment 1 characterized males from both lines for body weights (3, 6, and 8 weeks), feed (4 to 8 weeks) and H2O (6 to 8 weeks) consumption, and heat loss, body composition, and levels of several plasma proteins at 8 weeks of age. Experiment 2 characterized differences between lines for both sexes at three ages (6, 8, and 16 weeks) and fed two diets (high and normal fat). Body weight, composition, blood glucose, and plasma insulin and leptin levels were evaluated after an 8-hour fast. Results: At all ages measured, M16 mice were heavier, fatter, hyperphagic, hyperinsulinemic, and hyperleptinemic relative to ICR. M16 males and females were hyperglycemic relative to ICR, with 56% and 22% higher fasted blood glucose levels at 8 weeks of age. Discussion: M16 mice represent an outbred animal model to facilitate gene discovery and pathway regulation controlling early onset polygenic obesity and type 2 diabetic phenotypes. Phenotypes prevalent in the M16 model, with obesity and diabesity exhibited at a young age, closely mirror current trends in human populations.
Multiple bound states in sharply bent waveguides.

We present experimental and theoretical results on bound states in rectangular bent waveguides. Such bound states can be observed in electromagnetic waveguides and quantum wires. For a class of bent waveguides one can produce confined TE modes; such TE modes are directly related to bound states of scalar fields in the curved two-dimensional space from which the waveguides are constructed. For sufficently sharp bends, one can produce multiple bound TE modes. We calculate the bound-state energies and field configurations for a particular class of sharply bent waveguides. These waveguides are constructed, and both bound-state energies and fields are directly measured and compared with theoretical predictions.
Diagnostic Practices for Traumatized Youths: Do Clinicians Incorporate Symptom Scale Results?

Clinician generated diagnoses are subject to heuristic biases, and structured diagnostic interviews are useful but costly diagnostic aids. Because dimensional rating scales may hold potential to improve diagnostic practices in community mental health settings, we examined how community clinicians incorporate the results of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC; Briere 1996) into their diagnostic practices. Results suggest clinicians may attend to the TSCC anxiety and depression scores, but most scales agreed poorly with diagnoses assigned. While dimensional rating scales do hold potential as diagnostic aids, additional work on how to increase their utility to clinicians is needed.
Two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equations with fractional Brownian noise

We study the perturbation of the two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equation by a Hilbert-space-valued fractional Brownian noise. Each Hilbert component is a scalar fractional Brownian noise in time, with a common Hurst parameter H and a specific intensity. Because the noise is additive, simple Wiener-type integrals are suffi cient for properly defining the problem. It is resolved by separating it into a deterministic nonlinear PDE, and a linear stochastic PDE. Existence and uniqueness of mild solutions are established under suitable conditions on the noise intensities for all Hurst parameter values. Almost surely, the solution’s paths are shown to be quartically integrable in time and space. Whether this integrability extends to the random parameter is an open question. An extension to a multifractal model is given. 2000 AMS Classification: Primary 60H15, 35Q30; Secondary 76D05, 35R60.
Coinfection Alters the Playing Field: Herpesviruses Induce Acyclovir to Inhibit HIV

The antiherpes drug acyclovir was found to inhibit HIV following its phosphorylation by human herpesviruses, providing a hypothesis to explain the observed beneficial effects of acyclovir therapy on HIV viral load and HIV disease progression. This report underscores the importance of studying HIV in the context of microbial copathogens.
ESR in dilute quasi 2-dimensional Mn stearate

Abstract Quasi 2-dimensional (2d) magnets of manganese stearate diluted with cadmium stearate were prepared by the LangmuirBlodgett technique. Anisotropies of ESR line-widths were analyzed into components dominated by exchange and spin diffusion. An anomoly in the spin diffusion component was observed near the percolation limit.
Insulin—Carcinogen or Mitogen? Preclinical and Clinical Evidence from Prostate, Breast, Pancreatic, and Colorectal Cancer Research

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects > 23.6 million Americans, and occurs when the body is unable to produce or becomes resistant to endogenous insulin. This alteration of insulin's action reduces adequate utilization of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) receptors, which are responsible for cellular glucose uptake. Thus, exogenous administration of human insulin and insulin analogs is an important modality used to reduce morbidity and mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. According to 2007 estimates, 27% of all patients with diabetes use some form of insulin therapy. The increasing utilization of insulin has become a cause for concern because findings from several observational trials have suggested an association with an increased risk of developing cancer. To help elucidate the potential interplay between insulin use and cancer, we searched PubMed and MEDLINE to identify articles that assessed the carcinogenic and/or mitogenic potential of diabetes treatments, focusing on insulin specifically. Data from our review suggest that insulin analogs, particularly insulin glargine, may play more of a mitogenic than a carcinogenic role in association with different types of cancer, suggesting an amplified rate of existing tumor growth in the presence of insulin analogs. Evidence for insulin-induced mitogenicity appears to be most prevalent in prostate, breast, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. In conclusion, the positive effects of insulin therapy on reducing morbidity and mortality in diabetes greatly outweigh the risks at this time. However, clinicians must be diligent in both screening for new cancers in patients receiving insulin and in monitoring for tumor growth or maintenance of remission in patients with existing cancers.
Comparison of DNA Extraction and PCR Setup Methods for Use in High-Throughput DNA Barcoding of Fish Species

DNA barcoding is a sequencing-based method that can be used for the identification of fish species in a regulatory setting. The objective of this study was to compare modified versions of three DNA extraction kits (i.e., Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, Sigma-Aldrich Extract-N-Amp Kit; and Life Technologies MagMax-96 DNA Multi-Sample Kit) and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) setup methods (manual vs. automated) for use in DNA barcoding, with a focus on minimizing time, costs, and labor. DNA was extracted from 83 fish products using each of the three kits and the results were compared based on sequencing success and sequencing quality parameters. A subset of 14 fish products was also tested in triplicate to compare PCR setup methods. Initially, reduced sequencing success was observed with the MagMax Kit (88 %) compared to the other two kits (95–96 %); however, after PCR and sequencing were repeated for DNA samples that initially failed, all three methods showed very high sequencing success (98–99 %). Overall, the modified Extract-N-Amp Kit offered the greatest reduction in time and costs, while the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit produced sequences with the highest quality and highest initial success rates. Automation of the PCR setup process resulted in slightly greater success (100 %) compared to manual PCR setup (98 %), and reduced the potential for human error that may result from manual pipetting. The results of this study demonstrate the advantages of incorporating rapid and/or automated methods into the DNA barcoding workflow, especially with regard to high-throughput operations.
Native metallothionein levels in rat hepatic cytosol during perinatal development

The development of hepatic metallothionein has been examined in the Sprague-Dawley rat at term and at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after birth. Using gel-filtration techniques, metallothionein levels were found to be relatively high in the term fetus and 7-day-old neonate but then to decrease markedly to nondetectable levels by Day 28. Significant amounts of endogenous zinc were associated with metallothionein, the bulk of which could be displaced by in vitro exposure to cadmium chloride. In the presence of saturating levels of cadmium chloride, 20% of the endogenous zinc was resistant to displacement, suggesting that the binding affinity of endogenous zinc for sites on metallothionein might not be homogeneous. Experimental results indicate that metallothionein might serve as a regulator of hepatic zinc during the perinatal period.
A Systematic Error Comparison Between the ECMWF and NMC Prediction Models

Abstract The 24 systematic forecast errors in the 50 mb geopotential height from the ECMWF and NMC operational prediction models are compared and analyzed. During the winter of 198 the error patterns from the two models over the Northern Hemisphere were remarkably similar. The error signatures within composites of selected dates, which were chosen according to the character of the flow regime over the Rocky Mountains, were also very similar, indicating that improper orographic forcing may represent one deficiency common to both models. The general similarity of the patterns in each composite, however, does not rule out the existence of yet another important common deficiency.
Structural-acoustic finite element analysis of the automobile passenger compartment: A review of current practice

Abstract This paper contains a brief review of the formulation of the finite element method for structural-acoustic analysis of an enclosed cavity, and illustrations are given of the application of this analytical method at General Motors Corporation to investigate the acoustics of the automobile passenger compartment. Low frequency noise in the passenger compartment (in approximately the 20–200 Hz frequency range) is of primary interest, and particularly that noise which is generated by the structural vibration of the wall panels of the compartment. The topics which are covered in the paper include the computation of acoustic modes and resonant frequencies of the passenger compartment, the effect of flexible wall panels on the cavity acoustics, the methods of direct and modal coupling of the structural and acoustic vehicle systems, and forced vibration analysis illustrating the techniques for computing panel-excited noise and for identifying critical panels around the passenger compartment. The capabilities of the finite element method are illustrated by applications to the production automobile, and experimental verifications of the various techniques are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the method.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with unilateral empyema

Ectodermal Dysplasia (ED) is a group of rare disorders that affects various tissues of ectodermal origin. The commonest being hypohidrotic (anhydrotic) ED. We report a case of 2 year old female child, brought with complaints of cough, cold and fever since 1 week and breathlessness that preceeded 3 days before admission. There was h/o heat intolerance, and hypohydrosis. The other two siblings were unaffected. Examination, revealed a febrile, tachypnoeic, tachycardic child, with sparse hair and eyebrows, coarse dry paper-like skin, and periorbital hyperpigmentation. Dentition included 4 peg like incisors. Respiratory examination revealed decreased air entry on the left side and crepitations over the right side. Chest x-ray and ultrasonography were consistent with left sided pleural effusion. Pathological and biochemical examination of pleural fluid were suggestive of empyema. Other systems were normal. Treatment included intercostal drainage and antibiotics for a period of four weeks in a cool environment. Symptoms resolved without sequelae and tube was removed on 5 th day of stay. Skin biopsy corroborated the diagnosis of ED. Immunoglobin profile was normal. Mutational analysis could not be done. This case is being reported due to a rare occurrence of Hypohidrotic ED and its much rarer association with underlying empyema.
Recombinant protein synthesis in Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn-5B1-4 insect cell aggregates.

The Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn-5B1-4 (Tn-5B1-4) insect cell line has received considerable attention as a host for the baculovirus expression vector system. In the present study, suspension cultures were used to compare Tn-5B1-4 cell aggregates and cells selected to grow predominantly as individual cells. No significant difference was found between cell aggregates and cells growing predominantly individually in regard to cell growth rate, glucose consumption and lactate accumulation, and specific recombinant protein synthesis levels. In addition, the levels of recombinant protein synthesis were considerably higher than those produced by the commonly used Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-9 insect cell line.
WE-D-213AB-02: Preparing the ABR Diagnostic Exam: Part II

Preparing for Part II of the DiagnosticMedical Physics American Board of Radiology exam requires a different approach than studying for Part I of the exam. As Part II is the first exam that splits apart the different medical physics disciplines, it is unsurprising that the best preparation for the exam is clinical experience. A well‐rounded clinical physics training program and a review of texts covering the fundamentals of the various imaging modalities should leave examinees confident in their ability to successfully complete Part II. Completion of a CAMPEP accredited residency program is excellent preparation for Part II, and individuals sitting for the exam who have not completed a residency would do well to gain as much clinical experience in the different imaging modalities as possible. This presentation will focus on important clinical experiences and topics to focus on and useful resources to review diagnosticmedical physics fundamentals in advance of taking Part II. Learning Objectives: 1. Become familiar with useful refresher material for Part II 2. Understand the importance of a broad and deep history of clinical experience 3. Be able to identify relevant topics that may be included on the exam
A stress concentration due to edge damage in a rectangular boron-epoxy sheet

Abstract The stress field in a square sheet of epoxy-boron composite with damaged fibers is determined for the case of applied uniform normal stress longitudinal to the fibers. The damage model assumes that damaged fibers are exactly as effective as the matrix and that the distribution of undamaged fibers can be given by polynomial. A Ritz solution for the displacements is obtained and used to investigate the stresses. A stress concentration is found and described. The energy release rate curve for a family of progressive damage configurations is exhibited.
‘You have to choose your childcare to fit your work’: Childcare decision-making among low-income working families

Regardless of their economic background, most working parents face the task of arranging childcare at some point. The decision-making process they experience is often complex, and this complexity is intensified for particular groups of families with limited financial and social resources. In this paper, we present findings from a three-year qualitative study of the childcare choices of low-income working families, many of whom were immigrants, had limited English proficiency, were parents of children with special needs, or represented some combination of these factors. The study explored families' current care arrangements, their reasons for selecting a particular form of childcare, and the characteristics of their ideal arrangements. Data were coded to identify themes in parental preferences, decision factors, and the barriers families faced in accessing their preferred care arrangements. Most significantly, the parents studied described their preferences for an environment where their children could lea...
Proximal Row Carpectomy

Overall patient satisfaction with this procedure has been excellent. Immediate postoperative pain seems to be less than that experienced by those who have undergone open proximal row carpectomy. In our experience, all patients reported satisfactory pain relief, functional wrist motion, and effective grip strength.
Singlet-Singlet and Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Bichromophoric Peptides

Intramolecular singlet−singlet (SSET) and triplet−triplet (TTET) energy transfer processes were studied in solution in two bichromophoric peptides using absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, laser flash photolysis, and molecular modeling/dynamics. Compound I, a dipeptide formed by coupling 2-naphthyl-l-alanine and 4‘-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine (naphthalene and benzophenone chromophores), undergoes intramolecular SSET from the naphthyl chromophore to the benzophenone chromophore as indicated by singlet lifetime measurements as well as a reduction in the intensity of the steady-state fluorescence emission relative to 2-naphthyl-l-alanine itself. Results of the lifetime experiments coupled with modeling studies suggest that SSET is consistent with a Forster mechanism, although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. Low-temperature phosphorescence and room-temperature laser flash photolysis results indicate that intramolecular TTET from the benzophenone group to the naphthyl moiety proceeds with a rate const...
Development of photosystem-II activity during irradiance of etiolated Helianthus (Asteraceae) seedlings

Abstract Light-induced development of photosystem (PS)-II activity was followed during irradiance of etiolated Helianthus annuus (sunflower) cotyledons using chlorophyll a fluorescence. Cotyledons from seedlings grown in continuous darkness for 6 d were exposed to 100 μmol photons·m(-2)·s(-1) for time periods of 1, 3, 6, and 12 h. Associated with increased time of irradiance exposure were significant: (1) increases in concentration of PS II, (2) increases in quantum efficiency of PS II, (3) decreases in the ratio of PS-II quinone(B) (Q(B))-nonreducing centers to total PS-II centers (PS-II Q(B)-nonreducing centers + PS-II Q(B)-reducing centers), and (4) decreases in the ratio of slow PS-II Q(B)-reducing centers to total PS-II Q(B)-reducing centers (fast PS-II Q(B)-reducing centers + slow PS-II Q(B)-reducing centers). The results support the hypotheses that development of PS II involves assembly of complexes which initially cannot reduce Q(B) and that heterogeneous aspects of PS-II pools during chloroplast maturation may represent different developmental states.
Introduction The Military Commissions Saga

One of the key reasons why the Bush Administration opted to create the military commissions for trying terrorism cases was the desire to use classified information without having to face the risk that in some instances the government might be faced with a dilemma whether to reveal the classified information or drop the prosecution and free the defendant. The editorial comments published in this issue of the Journal challenge the provisions of the Military Commissions Act (MCA) 2006 under the law of war, international law, the Geneva Conventions as well as under US constitutional law. In the end, however, the legal status of the MCA will be finally determined by the US Supreme Court. It seems likely that a new majority of the Court would be formed that would uphold the constitutionality of many of the provisions of the MCA. The US approach to dealing with terrorism has consisted of a series of acts, both on the world stage and in the United States, in a continuing drama. If the events of the post-9/11 period are thought of in terms of high theatre, then the link between Hamdan and the MCA moves us into a state of dramatic tension the Court first resolves a series of key issues, then Congress moves centre stage and on most of the issues takes contrary positions, but in a context where the Court itself has invited legislative action. The denouement will be reached when these issues return to the Supreme Court and it then decides whether the statutory provisions in question are constitutionally vulnerable.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Autofeedback Regulation in Pituitary Folliculostellate TtT/GF Cells

To investigate paracrine regulation of pituitary cell growth, we tested fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulation of TtT/GF folliculostellate (FS) cells. FGF-2, and FGF-4 markedly induced cell proliferation, evidenced by induction of pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 (Pttg1) mRNA expression and percentage of cells in S phase. Signaling for FGF-2-induced FS cell proliferation was explored by specific pharmacological inhibition. A potent inhibitory effect on FGF-2 action was observed by blocking of Src tyrosine kinase with 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine (≥0.1 μm), followed by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition with GF109203X. Treatment with FGF-2 (30 ng/ml; 10 min) activated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, ERK, stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, Akt, and focal adhesion kinase. Src inhibition with 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine suppressed FGF-2-induced Akt and focal adhesion kinase, indicating effects downstream of FGF-2-induced Src activation. FGF-2 also markedly induced its own mRNA expression, peaking at 2–4 h, and this effect was suppressed by Src tyrosine kinase inhibition. The PKC inhibitor GF109203X abolished FGF-2 autoinduction, indicating PKC as the primary pathway involved in FGF-2 autoregulation in these cells. In addition to pituitary FGF-2 paracrine activity on hormonally active cells, these results show an autofeedback mechanism for FGF-2 in non-hormone-secreting pituitary FS cells, inducing cell growth and its own gene expression, and mediated by Src/PKC signaling.
The effect of distal small bowel bypass and resection on 7.12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene-produced mammary carcinoma in the rat.

Abstract Distal ileal bypass or resection performed prior to the intragastric instillation of DMBA in sesame oil to 50–52-day-old female Holtzman rats significantly reduces tumor production. This effect is not present when animals are bypassed after the administration of carcinogen. Tissue levels of DMBA are low in the groups with lowered incidence of tumor and reflect decreased absorption of this agent. Significantly fewer tumors developed with ileal bypass than with ileal resection. The addition of cholic acid reverses this effect. Both serum cholesterol and weight gain are not affected by these procedures.
Basketry: Making Human Nature (Heslop, ed.)

This work is a book review considering the title Basketry: Making Human Nature edited by Sandy Heslop.
Photoabsorption cross section of OD at 115–180 nm

The photoabsorption cross sections of OD in the 115–180 nm region were measured. The OD radicals were produced from a pulsed discharge in a mixture containing a trace of D2O in a few Torr of argon. Results are compared with the photoabsorption of OH previously measured.
Bioinspired polarization navigation sensor for autonomous munitions systems

Small unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs (SUAVs), micro air vehicles (MAVs), Automated Target Recognition (ATR), and munitions guidance, require extreme operational agility and robustness which can be partially offset by efficient bioinspired imaging sensor designs capable to provide enhanced guidance, navigation and control capabilities (GNC). Bioinspired-based imaging technology can be proved useful either for long-distance surveillance of targets in a cluttered environment, or at close distances limited by space surroundings and obstructions. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenology of image formation by different insect eye architectures, which would directly benefit the areas of defense and security, on the following four distinct areas: a) fabrication of the bioinspired sensor b) optical architecture, c) topology, and d) artificial intelligence. The outcome of this study indicates that bioinspired imaging can impact the areas of defense and security significantly by dedicated designs fitting into different combat scenarios and applications.
A RF/DC current-mode detector for BiST and digital calibration of current-driven mixers

This paper presents a CMOS RF/DC current-mode detector as an essential requirement to realize Built-in Self Test (BiST) and calibration functionalities for current-mode based RFICs and demonstrates its application on the calibration of a current-driven passive mixer. A method is presented to extract test friendly DC features from the RF signal, without deteriorating the performance of test blocks in the transceiver. Simulation performance with IBM 90-nm process using 1.2 V power supply shows that the proposed detector is able to provide an RF to DC conversion gain of 35 mV/dB in a dynamic range of 25 dB from 900 MHz to 10 GHz. The current-mode detector is then applied in the IP2 digital calibration technique on the down-conversion mixer under several corner conditions. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of the calibration as IIP2 improves more than 20 dBm.
Is Faliscan a Local Latin Patois

SUMMARYFaliscan clearly shows affinities with Latin, but the exact nature of the relationship between the two languages has not met with complete acceptance. Some scholars treat Faliscan as nothing more than a 'rural dialect' of Latin, though the inexactness of the designation 'dialectal Latin' makes this characterization problematic.Moreover, it is demonstrated here that the various features that are claimed to link Faliscan and non-Roman Latin to the exclusion of the Latin of the city of Rome are all rather late in their appearance in Faliscan, while a few very early features are to be found that unite Faliscan with all of Latinity. At the same time, though, there are significant isoglosses separating Faliscan from all Latin dialects, Roman and non-Roman. The conclusion to be drawn is that Faliscan is a separate language from Latin and not a dialect of Latin, though it is closest sibling to Latin in the Italic family tree.RESUMELa question du rapport genetique entre le latin et le falisque est examinee ici a la lumiere de la methodologie comparative et au modele dialectologique du 'Stammbaum'. Il est demontre que le falisque n'est pas un dialect rurale du latin, comme l'on a propose encore tout recemment, a la base de trois faits: bien des characteristiques qui se retrouvent dans les deux langues n'apparaissent que tres tard dans la tradition falisque; il y a aussi des vieilles innovations qui unifient les deux; et il y a des isoglosses qui separent le falisque de tous les dialectes latins — ceux de Rome aussi bien que les autres. Le falisque est une langue liee au latin mais a la meme fois il n'est pas equivalent a un vrais dialecte latin.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Aufsatz wird das Verhaltnis des Lateinischen mit dem Falis-kischen untersucht. Die Autoren fiihren den Beweis, das das Faliskische keine lateinische Mundart, und zwar aus den folgenden drei Griinden: Ers tens erscheinen viele Eigenschaften, die sich in beiden Sprachen finden fassen, erst sehr spat im Faliskischen. Zweitens gibt es sehr alte Neuerungen, die beide Sprachen gemeinsam haben, und drittens gibt es einige Neuerungen im Faliskischen, die es von alien lateinischen Mundarten, sowohl solchen inner-halb als auch auserhalb Roms, trennen. Das Faliskische ist demnach eine Sprache, die einerseits mit dem Lateinischen verwandt, andererseits aber auch von ihm deutlich abgesetzt ist.
Efficiency Enhancement In Gyro-Bwo By Tapered Magnetic Field

A three dimensional self-consistent theory of the gyrotron backward wave oscillator has been developed in slow-time-scale formulation. The efficiency of gyro BWO is nearly 10% in a uniform magnetic field but can be enhanced to exceed 25% by tapering the magnetic field. Results are shown for TE10 mode in rectangular waveguide and TE11 mode in cylindrical waveguide.