cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of the mechanics of blade/disk contacts

A predictive procedure in which the contact loads on a dovetail surface can be calculated using engine performance parameters, such as speed and temperature as an input. The Finite Element Method (FEM) can be used to calculate the contact loads on a dovetail surface for an entire mission, however these calculations are time consuming. The predictive procedure described herein only require a small number of predetermined calibrating FEM analyses to obtain empirical constants, for a specific to a given dovetail geometry. The resulting prediction procedure enables calculation of contact loads for an entire mission history in near real-time. These global contact loads can be combined with an efficient solution to Singular Integral Equations (SIE) to calculate the contact tractions, and ultimately the contact stresses. The resulting contact stresses have been used to successfully predict fretting fatigue lives under controlled laboratory conditions.
Predictive Model of Lymphocyte-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase (LCK) Autoregulation

Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) is a key activator of T cells; however, little is known about the specific autoregulatory mechanisms that control its activity. We have constructed a model of LCK autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by the regulating kinase CSK. The model was fit to existing experimental data in the literature that presents an in vitro reconstituted membrane system, which provides more physiologically relevant kinetic measurements than traditional solution-based systems. The model is able to predict a robust mechanism of LCK autoregulation. It provides insights into the molecular causes of key site-specific phosphorylation differences between distinct experimental conditions. Probing the model also provides new hypotheses regarding the influence of individual binding and catalytic rates, which can be tested experimentally. This minimal model is required to elucidate the mechanistic interactions of LCK and CSK and can be further expanded to better understand T cell activation from a systems perspective. Our computational model enables the evaluation of LCK protein interactions that mediate T cell activation on a more quantitative level, providing new insights and testable hypotheses.
Use of isografts to study proliferation and differentiation programs of mouse stomach epithelia

A new model system has been developed for studying the factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation programs of the principal cell lineages present in the mouse stomach epithelium. When embryonic day 14 (E14) stomachs from C57Bl/6 mice are implanted under the subcutaneous fascia of young adult male CBY/B6 nude mouse recipients, they are rapidly vascularized and begin to grow at rates comparable to the intact stomach of a similarly aged animal. Single- and multilabel immunohistochemical studies, conducted in the intact stomach of E14 to postnatal day 42 (P42) C57Bl/6 mice and in P7, P14, P28, and P42 C57Bl/6 isografts, suggest that the apparently undifferentiated glandular epithelium of E14 stomach already has encoded positional information that permits it to establish regional differences in cell populations even in the absence of exposure to normal luminal contents. Regional differentiation is manifested by the establishment of distinct zones, each composed of gastric units with zone-specific cell lineages. This axial patterning evolves at a rate similar to that of the intact stomach, even though the E14 isograft is placed in the hormonal environment of an adult host and therefore cannot be programmed by normal developmental changes in endocrine status. Moreover, patterning is maintained in isografts despite continuous renewal of its epithelial cell lineages. Although isografts apparently possess autonomously functioning temporal and spatial programs, perturbations were noted in the proliferation and/or differentiation programs of certain lineages, e.g., the rate of accumulation of endocrine cell subpopulations is reduced in these grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of Obstruction on the Developing Bladder

AbstractCongenital bladder obstruction causes significant immediate and long-term consequences yet its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. A model of early fetal bladder obstruction in sheep has been developed to study the response of the developing bladder to high grade obstruction, with particular emphasis on the regulation of growth and development. Congenital bladder obstruction was produced in fetal sheep at 60 days of gestation and studied at 95 days of gestation (14 sheep) or term (12 sheep). A total of 24 age-matched normal sheep served as controls. Bladders were analyzed by total weight, stereological estimation of smooth muscle cell size, number and total mass, deoxyribonucleic acid concentration, muscarinic cholinergic receptor density, myosin isoform analysis and/or passive cystometries.Congenital bladder obstruction caused a 4.6 times increase in bladder weight at term reflecting a 5.8 times increase in smooth muscle mass. This increase was predominantly that of cellular hypertrophy an...
Analysis of CNS inflammatory responses to MHV. Role of spike determinants in initiating chemokine and cytokine responses.

Development of demyelination in the MHV system is associated with inflammatory cytokine responses in the brain. It is likely that these responses reflect the influx of T cells into the brain following infection. Previous work has described a central role for CD4+ T cells in viral clearance and subsequent demyelination (Lane, Liu et al. 1999; Lane, Liu et al. 2000; Wu, Dandekar et al. 2000). While CD8+ T cells are necessary for viral clearance, their involvement in demyelination is less defined (Castro, Evans et al. 1994; Stevenson, Belz et al. 1999). Glial cells have also been implicated in the disease process, contributing to cytokine production in the central nervous system (Sun, Grzybicki et al. 1995; Lane, Asensio et al. 1998).
Impacts of climate change on sub-regional electricity demand and distribution in the southern United States

High average temperatures lead to high regional electricity demand for cooling buildings, and large populations generally require more aggregate electricity than smaller ones do. Thus, future global climate and population changes will present regional infrastructure challenges regarding changing electricity demand. However, without spatially explicit representation of this demand or the ways in which it might change at the neighbourhood scale, it is difficult to determine which electricity service areas are most vulnerable and will be most affected by these changes. Here we show that detailed projections of changing local electricity demand patterns are viable and important for adaptation planning at the urban level in a changing climate. Employing high-resolution and spatially explicit tools, we find that electricity demand increases caused by temperature rise have the greatest impact over the next 40 years in areas serving small populations, and that large population influx stresses any affected service area, especially during peak demand. Future regional electricity demand will be affected by climate change and population migration. Allen et al. combine predictions of temperature rise and population shift, including in response to extreme weather, to map electricity demand and substation capability in the southern US to 2050.
Liam O’Flaherty’s The Informer and the Aesthetics of Terror

Liam O’Flaherty’s The Informer (1925) has been adapted three times, each time employing inventive cinematic techniques to convey its tale of personal loss and betrayal among Irish Republican Army terrorists in Dublin on one night in 1922. The novel presents an allegory of Irish national character through the desires and self-deception of the animalistic Gypo Nolan, whose internal monologues reflect the shifting political consciousness during the Sinn Fein rebellion. Both the novel and the films dramatize the subjective perspective of Gypo’s resistance, rebellion, and repentance, an emotional pattern akin to the tumultuous shifts within Irish society at that time. For Elstree Studios in 1929, Arthur Robison incorporated sound effects, a soundtrack, and a few dialogue scenes to accentuate the frenetic energy of Gypo’s (Lars Hanson) dipsomania and despair. John Ford’s expressionistic The Informer (1935) enshrouds the Weimar-like street scenes with dense fog and chiaroscuro lighting effects that convey the moral ambiguity of betrayer and betrayed in war-torn Dublin. So successful was Ford’s film, garnering several Oscars including Best Actor for Victor McLaglen, that it was turned into radio plays for Screen Guild Theatre (1944, 1950), Academy Award Theater (1946), and Ford Theatre (1948). Jules Dassin’s Uptight (1968) adapts both O’Flaherty’s novel and Ford’s film to expose the internal and external cultural divisions that isolate black America. Set in Cleveland four days after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., the film concentrates on loyalty and betrayal among members of the Black Panther Party. This Technicolor noir employs neo-realist cinematography with the sensibility of a psychosocial documentary. All three film versions maintain a critical distance from the politics of terrorism in order to expose the debilitating personal paranoia and grief that accompanies revolutionary times.
The Stage-Specific Effect of Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) during Human Natural Killer Cell Development

Developmental intermediates of human natural killer (NK) cells are found within secondary lymphoid tissue (SLT), and five distinct stages of these intermediates have been identified. While it is well documented that developing NK cells are reliant on interleukin (IL)-15 as a survival factor, it is likely that additional cytokines and growth factors are required for complete NK cell differentiation. Microarray transcriptional profiling of purified stage 1–4 cells from human tonsil and stage 4 and 5 cells from peripheral blood (PB) identified a developmental window of interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression restricted to stages 2 and 3. We confirmed this finding by quantitative RT-PCR, and analysis of IL-1R1 surface protein expression revealed that, on average, 81% of stage 3 immature NK cells are IL-1R1(+), whereas the majority of cells from stages 1, 2, and 4 are IL-1R1(−). When cultured in vitro with IL-1β, a physiologic ligand for IL-1R1, cells from all four stages died within 48 hours, consistent with an absolute requirement for IL-15 as a survival factor. However, the combination of IL-1β and IL-15 led to a significant and reproducible 4.64±−0.68–fold increase in stage 3 cell number over that seen with IL-15 alone ( p in vivo, driving stage 3 cells to be the most prevalent NK cell intermediates within SLT.
Northwest Mexico: The Prehistory of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Neighboring Areas

This article surveys research in Northwest Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua), with an emphasis on the Early Agricultural period to the Late Prehistoric period. Middle range societies that are diverse in scale and organization characterize this region. Significant advancements in our understanding of these societies have been made in recent years, but substantial challenges remain in building interpretative frameworks that account for both regional diversity and incorporate macroscale interactions. Topics covered in this review include the adoption of agriculture, population movements, bases of social differentiation, and interactions between organizationally disparate groups. These issues demonstrate the relevance of the Northwest to research on the organization of middle range societies.
Dielectrowetting manipulation for digital microfluidics: creating, transporting, splitting, and merging of droplets

Generating, splitting, transporting, and merging droplets are fundamental and critical unit operations for digital (droplet-based) microfluidics. State-of-the-art digital microfluidics performs such operations commonly using electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) in the typical configuration of two parallel channel plates. This paper presents such operations using dielectrowetting (derived from liquid dielectrophoresis), not EWOD, with an array of interdigitated electrodes. The major and unique feature is that the present droplet manipulations are effective for conductive (water with/without surfactant) and non-conductive (propylene carbonate) fluids. An equally important aspect is that the manipulations are performed in an open space without the covering top plate. This behavior is attributed to the intrinsic nature of dielectrowetting to generate stronger wetting forces than EWOD (with the ability to achieve complete wetting with contact angle = 0° to form a thin film). Using dielectrowetting, micro-droplets of various volumes are created from a large droplet and transported. Splitting a single droplet as well as multiple droplets and merging them are also achieved, even when the droplets are smaller than the electrode pads. The above splitting, transport, and merging operations are effective for propylene carbonate as well as DI water with/without surfactant, though the creating operation is proven only for propylene carbonate at this moment. All the above manipulations are successfully carried out on a single plate, which not only simplifies the structure and operation procedure, but could also eliminate the restriction to the volume of fluid handled.
Aorta-Lesion-Attenuation-Difference (ALAD) on contrast-enhanced CT: a potential imaging biomarker for differentiating malignant from benign oncocytic neoplasms.

To evaluate whether the Aorta-Lesion-Attenuation-Difference on contrast-enhanced CT can aid in the differentiation of malignant and benign oncocytic renal neoplasms. Two independent cohorts—an initial (biopsy) dataset and a validation (surgical) dataset—with oncocytomas and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (chRCC) were included in this IRB-approved retrospective study. A region of interest was placed on the renal mass and abdominal aorta on the same CT image slice to calculate an Aorta-Lesion-Attenuation-Difference (ALAD). ROC curves were plotted for different enhancement phases, and diagnostic performance of ALAD for differentiating chRCC from oncocytomas was calculated. Seventy-nine renal masses (56 oncocytomas, 23 chRCC) were analyzed in the initial (biopsy) dataset. Thirty-six renal masses (16 oncocytomas, 20 chRCC) were reviewed in the validation (surgical) cohort. ALAD showed a statistically significant difference between oncocytomas and chromophobes during the nephrographic phase (p < 0.001), early excretory phase (p < 0.001), and excretory phase (p = 0.029). The area under the ROC curve for the nephrographic phase was 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00–1.00) for the biopsy dataset and showed the narrowest confidence interval. At a threshold value of 25.5 HU, sensitivity was 100 (82.2%–100%) and specificity was 81.5 (61.9%–93.7%). When tested on the validation dataset on measurements made by an independent reader, the AUROC was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.84–1.00) with a sensitivity of 100 (80.0%–100%) and a specificity of 87.5 (60.4%–97.8%). Nephrographic phase ALAD has potential to differentiate benign and malignant oncocytic renal neoplasms on contrast-enhanced CT if histologic evaluation on biopsy is indeterminate.
Die Rolle des Anästhesisten bei der Geburt

Die Behandlung von Schmerzen verschiedener Genese gehort zu den charakteristischen Aufgaben des Anasthesisten. Es liegt daher in seinem Interesse, die bestmogliche Form der Analgesie fur die Patientin zu ermoglichen. Diese Aufgabe wird manchmal durch unnotige Angste und mangelnde Kenntnis der geburtshilflichanasthesiologischen Masnahmen auf Seiten der Patienten erschwert. Leider sind auch Hebammen oder Geburtshelfer nicht immer ausreichend mit den Methoden der geburtshilflichen Anasthesiologie vertraut. Die Intervention eines Anasthesisten ist nicht selten eine medizinische Notwendigkeit (z. B. Kaiserschnittgeburt oder operativ-assistierte Geburt) und sollte auch in dieser Hinsicht vorab besprochen werden. Seine Aufgabe hei der Geburtsvorbereitung besteht primar in der Gewahr­leistung ausreichender und korrekter Information zu den verfugbaren anasthesio­logischen Masnahmen in der Geburtshilfe.
In Situ Electron Microscopy of Plasmon-Mediated Nanocrystal Synthesis

Chemical processes driven by nonthermal energy (e.g., visible light) are attractive for future approaches to energy conversion, synthesis, photocatalysis, and so forth. The growth of anisotropic metal nanostructures mediated by excitation of a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a prototype example of such a reaction. Important aspects, notably the growth mechanism and a possible role of plasmonic “hot spots” within the metal nanostructures, remain poorly understood. Here, we use in situ electron microscopy to stimulate and image the plasmon-mediated growth of triangular Ag nanoprisms in solution. The quantification of the time-dependent evolution of the lateral size and thickness of the nanoprisms, enabled by nanometer-scale real-time microscopy in solution, shows a transition from an early stage of uniform Ag0 incorporation exclusively in the prism side facets to a size regime with accelerated growth in thickness. Differences in attachment rate at this advanced stage correlate with local plasm...
El colegiado docente en la formación de profesores

This article analyzes the role of the collegiate teacher in the training process of teachers of basic education. A first element that stands out in order to assess this function is the process of constructing of meanings and symbols within the normal-school community, in its cultural tradition. The text exposes how, from that tradition, the collegiate teacher of the normal-school hesitates between the current academic demands and the symbols, identities and forms of work considered as typical of normalism. By means of the analysis of some academic-administrative conditions of the Normal Urban School Professor Domingo Carballo Felix, and of the information recorded in interviews with the students of the same, it is concluded that it is indispensable to redefine the academic work, as well as update the identity of the teacher trainers. These need to become academics of higher education and expand their work towards research, diffusion and mentoring.
Manual physical therapy for chronic pain: the complex whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Chronic pain is highly prevalent in the United States, affecting nearly one-third of the American population [1,2]. The economic impact of chronic pain is substantial with no clear indication that ...
Associations between self-reported diabetes and 78 circulating markers of inflammation, immunity, and metabolism among adults in the United States

Inflammation is increasingly thought to be associated with diabetes; however, only a few inflammation markers have been assessed concurrently in relation to history of diabetes. In the most comprehensive evaluation of inflammation markers and diabetes to date using a Luminex bead-based assay, we measured 78 inflammation-, immune-, and metabolic-related markers detectable in at least 10% of serum samples collected from participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) screening trial (n = 1,814). At baseline, 6.6% (n = 120) of PLCO participants self-reported a history of diabetes. Cross-sectional associations between these markers and self-reported diabetes were assessed using weighted logistic regression adjusting for sex, smoking status, blood draw age and year, body mass index, and cohort sub-study. Including chemokines [C-C motif ligand (CCL) 19, CCL20, CCL21, C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 6, CXCL10, and CXCL11] and soluble cytokine and chemokine receptors [soluble (s) interleukin (IL) 6 receptor (R), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1, sTNFR2, and sIL-R2], ten inflammation-related markers, were nominally associated with diabetes (P<0.05). In addition to these associations, higher levels of insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and pancreatic polypeptide remained significantly associated with self-reported diabetes with a false discovery rate <5%, indicating that the assay was able to detect markers associated with diabetes. In summary, self-reported diabetes was nominally associated with circulating cytokines, chemokines, and soluble cytokine and chemokine receptors in the most expansive examination of diabetes and inflammation- and immune-related markers to date. These results highlight the need to explore in future prospective studies the role of inflammation markers in diabetes.
Correlating Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity by Independent Component Analysis-Based Epileptogenic Zones with Intracranial Electroencephalogram Localized Seizure Onset Zones and Surgical Outcomes in Prospective Pediatric Intractable Epilepsy Study.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the agreement between the epileptogenic zone(s) (EZ) localization by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI...
The Effect of Contrasting Instructional Strategies on Seventh-Grade Students' Ceramic Vessels

This study consists of a comparison of a Studio/Technical approach, an Historical/Cultural approach, and a Questioning/Discussion approach to instruction in ceramics for seventh-grade students. It evaluates students' ceramic vessels and their ceramic knowledge according to treatment group, pretest and posttest, gender, and number of occasions the students had previously worked with clay. This investigation also compares analytic and holistic forms of assessment to evaluate growth in knowledge and in ceramic production. Findings indicate that the Questioning/Discussion Group scored significantly lower than the other two groups on the Ceramic Knowledge Test and on their ceramic vessels as rated by holistic assessment. Analytic assessment indicated no significant differences between groups for ceramic vessels. Gender and students' previous experiences with clay were not significant factors.
“In my humble opinion…”: Serious YouTubers' self-presentations, roles, and authority

This visual presentation outlines preliminary findings from a research study that focuses on the information creating activities and the informal information provider role occupied by serious YouTubers. These individuals regularly upload video content to a personal channel on the website YouTube, of which they produce most, if not all, themselves. As many serious YouTubers have gained substantial online followings, questions about the place of this increasingly influential demographic in the broader world can be raised. Through an examination of the self-presentation discourse used in the monographs of four serious beauty and lifestyle YouTubers, some implications and future research avenues are given. This visual presentation will take the form of a poster and accompanying set of public YouTube videos that will be played from a laptop, with captions, on loop.
Cyclocryotherpay and noncontact Nd:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation in cats.

Purpose. To investigate physiological and histologic alterations of the cat eye in response to cyclocryotherapy (CCT) and noncontact transscleral Nd :YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSNYC). Methods. One eye of 29 cats was treated with 12 applications (1 minute, -80°C) of CCT or 80 applications of noncontact TSNYC (7 to 9J, retrofocus 3.6 mm). Blood-aqueous barrier function was studied measuring aqueous protein and fluorescein concentration after intravenous dye injection. Ocular blood flow was determined using 85 Sr microspheres. Results. Intraocular pressure after CCT was 29% lower in the treated than in the control eye after 3 and 12 weeks. After TSNYC, pressure was reduced by 34% at 3 weeks and by 27% after 12 weeks. Aqueous protein concentration was elevated in all treated eyes. Neither technique altered tonographic outflow facility or episcleral venous pressure. Calculated aqueous flow was lower in the treated eye than in the control eye 3 and 12 weeks after each cyclodestructive procedure. After CCT, anterior chamber fluorescein concentration was 2.5 times greater in 3-week and 3 times greater in 12-week eyes. After TSNYC, fluorescein concentration was 3 and 3.5 times greater at 3 and 12 weeks, respectively. Ciliary body blood flow in control eyes was similar to CCT and TSNYC eyes. Histopathology 12 weeks after CCT and TSNYC showed pigment dispersion, disorganized architecture, and cystic elevation of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. Areas of absent pigmented and nonpigmented epithelium at the ciliary process base were more discrete in TSNYC eyes. Electron microscopy demonstrated normal junctional complexes. Conclusions. CCT and TSNYC lower pressure by reducing aqueous formation. Ciliary body blood flow is not altered after either technique. Both techniques result in similar histologic disruption of the ciliary epithelium, resulting in breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier.
Acculturation, depression and oral health of immigrants in the USA

Objectives The objectives were to describe the oral health status of immigrants in the USA, describe the association between acculturation and oral health by accounting for the effects of depression and to explore the effects of interaction between acculturation and depression on the oral health of immigrants. Methods Data were from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Oral health status was assessed by both self-rated oral health and clinically diagnosed periodontitis, each coded as a binary outcome. Acculturation was operationalised as length of stay in the USA and speaking English at home. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of acculturation and depression status with oral health. Results In 2011-2012, 36.6% immigrants reported poor oral health and 53.0% were diagnosed with periodontitis. A length of stay in the USA of 30+ years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.21-0.89) reduced the odds of having periodontitis in comparison with a length of stay in the USA of fewer than 5 years. Speaking English at home (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.96) reduced the odds of having periodontitis compared with speaking other languages. Depression was negatively associated with self-reported good oral health (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.92) and positively associated with clinically diagnosed periodontitis (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.18-3.04). The effects of acculturation did not differ according to depression status. Conclusion A longer stay in the USA and speaking English at home were associated with less periodontitis among the immigrants.
Management of the Axilla in the Patient with Breast Cancer.

Evaluation of the axillary lymph nodes is critical in the management of breast cancer because it is a key predictor of survival outcome. Surgeons must not only be able to perform sentinel lymph node dissection with high accuracy but also understand the implications of the results. Management of clinically node-negative and node-positive cases can vary significantly, as described in this review. With emerging data, management of the axilla in breast cancer will continue to evolve.
The organelle nature of a particle isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

Earlier studies (Georgi et al., 1951) by means of phase microscopy revealed that lysis of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain 2184 by lysozyme released a spherical body which upon differential centrifugation separated in a pink layer termed by us the red fraction (Militzer et al., 1949). This fraction was found to be the site of considerable enzymatic activity (Burns and Militzer, 1953) even after extensive washing. We proposed that the red fraction was made up of discrete particles. Certain objections have been raised (Stanier et al., 1953) concerning the validity of this proposal. We have, therefore, pursued the problem by accumulating biochemical data and electron micrographs. The substance of the data presented in this paper shows that the red fraction is composed of particles which make up approximately 90 per cent of its weight and of a lipid-like sac which constitutes the remaining 10 per cent. To the best of our knowledge Gale (1939) was the first to isolate a fraction which may well have consisted of discrete particles. He described the fraction as a sediment possessing the major share of an enzyme, formic dehydrogenase. He attempted no further biochemical characterization, nor did he examine the morphology of the sediment. In recent years considerable interest has been revived in the location of enzymes in cells. It was in the light of this interest in animal and plant cells that we first mentioned in 1949 (Militzer et al., 1949) that a fraction isolated from B. stearothermophilus might be a parallel to mitochondria. Since that time reports of the isolation of particles from bacteria by others have appeared. Schachman et al. (1952), employing a variety of methods for disrupting cells, found various macromolecular constituents from the several bacteria studied by means of ultracentrifugal
SYLLABLES AND SEGMENTS: HOLD THE MOVEMENT AND MOVE THE HOLDS!

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a current model that contains segments inside ASL signs/syllables. It highlights Edmondson's claim that segments do not exist in signed languages. The chapter also discusses why proposed segments are not relevant to ASL phonology and the implications of this observation for theoretical phonology in general. It also presents four prevailing interpretations of segment in modern linguistic theory. There is no apparent phonological utility to the segments that have been proposed. The chapter discusses how the facts of ASL phonology require statement only with feature trees, tiers, syllables, and moras, and raises the question of whether certain spoken languages such as English need to make reference to segments in the statement of their own phonological generalizations, or whether SYLLABLE and FEATURE suffice.
Roots and rational powers in $$PSL(2,\mathbb {R})$$ P S L ( 2 , R ) and discreteness

Let G be a finitely generated group of isometries of $$\mathbb {H}$$ , hyperbolic 2-space. The discreteness problem is to determine whether or not G is discrete. Even in the case of a two generator non-elementary subgroup of $$\mathbb {H}$$ (equivalently $$PSL(2,{\mathbb {R}})$$ ) the problem requires an algorithm (Gilman and Maskit in Mich Math J 38:13–32, 1991; Gilman in two-generator discrete subgroups of $$PSL(2, {\mathbb {R}})$$ , 1995). If G is discrete, one can ask when adjoining an nth root of a generator results in a discrete group. In this paper we first address the issue for pairs of hyperbolic generators in $$PSL(2, \mathbb {R})$$ with disjoint axes and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for adjoining roots for the case when the two hyperbolics have a hyperbolic product and are what as known as stopping generators for the Gilman–Maskit algorithm (Gilman and Maskit 1991; Gilman and Keen in Cutting sequences and palindromes in geometry of Riemann surfaces, 2009). Stopping generators are generators that correspond to certain generalized Coxeter triangle group. We give an algorithmic solution in the other cases that are not stopping generators. Our solution applies to all other types of pairs of stopping generators that arise in what is known as the intertwining case. The results are geometrically motivated and stated as such, but also can be given computationally using the corresponding matrices.
Energy Conservation Routing Protocol Approach Using Sleep Scheduling in Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Device Network is invented of a big number of device node as well as one or additional base station node. Device nodes are tiny in amount and small in price. The antenna network is ready with antenna devices and power-driven by little size batteries. Inside this paper, we have talk about sleep scheduling for sensor network by means of energy protection protocol in adding to tree incorporated with planned sleep scheduling algorithm. In that tree is present sometimes reconstructed allowing for the left over drive of every node with a sight to balancing drive utilization of nodes. This future approach deeply minimizes standard energy utilization rate for the every sensor node as we have putting every numeral of nodes in sleep method. At the present paper, we are planning that a novel EEAR Protocol to raise lifelong of the sensor network by minimizing energy utilization and corresponding the weight among every sensor nodes in the network. At the present paper to talk about easy although resourceful approach named intra-cluster coverage to switch area coverage difficult by using BTC algorithm.
Eleven Nigerian Students in Cold War East Germany: Visions of Science, Modernity, and Decolonization:

This article follows the story of the first African students in the German Democratic Republic, 11 Nigerians who arrived in 1951. Thousands of other African students followed them in the years lead...
Nasal congestion and nasal obstruction: An unusual presentation of renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell cancer (RCC) is among the 10 most common cancers affecting both genders in the United States. Advanced RCC often remains clinically silent for much of its natural history. This can make the diagnosis challenging, especially when presenting symptoms arise from a metastasis. Sinonasal malignancies are rare, accounting for <1% of all malignant tumors and 3% of malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. RCC is the most common infraclavicular malignant primary tumor that metastasizes to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, followed by breast and lung. We describe a case of a 59 year-old male presenting with nasal congestion and allergy-like symptoms for 6 months duration. CT examination revealed a large hyper-vascular mass within the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses and nasal cavity. Primary RCC was recognized only after surgical removal of sinonasal mass. We discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, imaging, pathology, and treatment for sinonasal RCC.
The contribution of syndemic conditions to cardiovascular disease risk.

The syndemic conditions of low education, childhood maltreatment, depression, HIV, alcohol and cocaine use, and obesity have been established as independent risk factors for cardiovascular risk, bu...
Orphism, the Afikoman, and Conflicts with the Hamburg Circle

This chapter discusses Robert Eisler’s first book in English, Orpheus the Fisher: Comparative Studies in Orphic and Early Christian Symbolism, in which he identifies “Orphism” as a pre-Hellenic religion based on a divine fisher or hunter that was suppressed by the Greeks because of its bloody sacrificial rites. It also examines Eisler’s theory that the bread Jesus broke with his disciples at the Last Supper was actually the afikoman, the piece of unleavened bread routinely eaten at the end of a Passover meal, and Jesus’s breaking of the bread had been a coded gesture to reveal himself as the Messiah. Finally, it looks at the anti-Semitism Eisler continued to experience in the 1920s and his strained relationship with art historian Aby Warburg and his Hamburg Circle.
Obesity outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19: A retrospective single center experience

Introduction: The “obesity paradox” has been reported in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Obese patients with ARDS were shown to have more ventilator free days and lower mortality compared to non-obese patients. One proposed explanation was increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines creating a protective environment from acute inflammation. In COVID-19, BMI ≥ 30 increases risk of illness severity, need for critical care, respiratory failure requiring use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and mortality. It is unknown if the “obesity paradox” applies to patients with SARS-CoV2 who require IMV. We examined a cohort of patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 who required IMV and compared outcomes between obese and non-obese patients. Methods: Data was collected from patients treated in the COVID Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from March to June 2020. A total of 85 patients were identified. All patients were COVID nasopharyngeal swab positive. Results: There were 38 (44.7%) patients with BMI < 30, and 47 (55.3%) with BMI ≥ 30. The median BMI was 25.5 in the BMI < 30 group, and 37.5 in the BMI ≥ 30 group. In the BMI < 30 group, median age was 67 years, majority male (65.8%) and African American (50%). The BMI ≥ 30 group had a median age of 63.5, majority male (53.2%) and African American (63.8%). Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on admission was higher in the BMI ≥ 30 group at 3 (1.5-4.5) vs. 2 (1.0-4.0). There was elevated creatinine on admission with higher percentage of diabetes, heart failure, and renal disease in the BMI ≥ 30 group. Inflammatory markers, such as CRP and IL-6 were lower in the higher BMI group at presentation. There was higher in-hospital mortality in the BMI ≥ 30 group at 57.5%, with longer ICU length of stay (12.35 vs. 7.6 days), longer days on ventilator (10.2 vs. 4 days), and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio after intubation (146 vs 348). The higher BMI group had higher rates of prone ventilation, paralytic use, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Discussion: From our data, obesity did not appear to have better outcomes in ARDS due to COVID-19 infection. Higher BMI was associated with higher disease severity, severe respiratory failure, longer ventilator days, longer ICU length of stay, and higher mortality. Interestingly, inflammatory markers were initially lower in obese patients, suggesting a possible adaptive physiologic response to inflammation, but without effect on overall outcomes.
Towards Ethical Data-Driven Software: Filling the Gaps in Ethics Research & Practice

More and more, data is being used to drive automated decision making through the integration of machine learning technologies into software. With these advances comes new potential for unexpected, undesirable, and possibly dangerous outcomes for end users. This has led to an increased focus on ethics in technology in both research and practice. Much of the work in ethical practices has been centered on ethics in machine learning and little has been validated for effectiveness in practice. In this paper, we outline the existing work in ethical computing with a focus on efforts that are relevant to data-driven software development. Based on existing work, we identify gaps in our understanding of ethical software development practices and suggestions for future work to help close these gaps.
Edith Wharton and the politics of race

Edith Wharton feared that the 'ill-bred', foreign and poor would overwhelm what was known as the American native elite. Drawing on a range of turn-of-the-century social documents, unpublished archival material and Wharton's major novels, Jennie Kassanoff argues that a fuller appreciation of American culture and democracy becomes available through a sustained engagement with these controversial views. She pursues her theme through Wharton's spirited participation in a variety of turn-of-the-century discourses - from euthanasia and tourism to pragmatism and Native Americans - to produce a truly interdisciplinary study of this major American writer. Kassanoff locates Wharton squarely in the middle of the debates on race, class and democratic pluralism at the turn of the twentieth century. Drawing on diverse cultural materials, she offers close interdisciplinary readings that will be of interest to scholars of American literature and culture.
Plasmid Mediated Ampicillin Resistance in a Strain of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae Isolated from Swine

Haemophilus pleuropneumonia is a hemolytic, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide requiring member of the genus Haemophilus. H. pleuropneumoniae produces lobar pneumonia with fibrinous pleuritis in swine. The disease has high morbidity and, when introduced into highly susceptible animals, high mortality. When the microorganism becomes bacteremic, meningitis and arthritis may result. Young, rapidly growing pigs seem to be the most susceptible, though any age pig may contract the disease. The source of H. pleuropneumoniae in the environment is the respiratory tracts of affected as well as recovered asymptomatic pigs (1,2).
Performance Analysis of Embedded Systems

Embedded computer systems are characterized by the presence of one or more processors running application specific software. A large number of these systems must satisfy performance constraints in addition to cost constraints. Because embedded systems are constructed from large, complex components — CPUs and ASICs — we need new techniques to analyze the performance of these components as well as their compositions. Since the performance analysis of ASICs is considered to be a well studied problem, the main challenges in performance analysis of embedded system are in the area of software performance analysis and analysis of concurrent components. Here the research can be broadly classified into two areas. Program analysis methods consider the behavior of a single process on a given processor and attempt to determine bounds on the execution time of the process. This task is made complicated for modern CPUs by the presence of relatively non-deterministic features such as caches and instruction pipelines which make the execution time of one instruction depend on both the recent and distant history of the executed instruction trace. System analysis methods study the performance of a network of machines—either CPUs or ASICs—which execute a set of processes. Even if we know the execution time of each process in isolation, we must consider conflicts in allocation of processes to processing elements and the scheduling of events on the processing elements and communication channels.
A necessary and sufficient condition for the positivity of a polynomial in several real variables described over a hyperrectangle

A necessary and sufficient condition for the positivity of a polynomial in two real variables described over a square is given. This result can be generalized to the case of several variables. The result plays a critical role in the development of necessary and sufficient conditions for the robust stability of interval parameter matrices and polynomials. >
The impact of sirolimus on sex hormones in male adolescent kidney recipients.

Cavanaugh TM, Schoenemen H, Goebel J. The impact of sirolimus on sex hormones in male adolescent kidney recipients. Abstract: While it is known that sirolimus affects sex hormones in adult kidney transplant patients, there is a scarcity of data on its effects on sex hormone levels in adolescent kidney recipients. The objective of this study is to describe the impact of sirolimus on the sex hormones in this patient population. This is a retrospective review of male adolescent renal transplant patients transitioned to sirolimus. Baseline and subsequent annual testosterone levels were collected. Linear regression was undertaken to determine the predictors of testosterone levels. Four African Americans and 11 Caucasians, median age of 15 yr (11–18) in 2008, were included. Mean time post-transplant was 81 ± 37 months. Mean testosterone values were the following: 336 ± 135 ng/dL (n = 8) at baseline, 349 ± 130 ng/dL (n = 15) one yr later, and 360 ± 132 ng/dL (n = 13) two yr later (normal range for adult males: 350–970 ng/dL). Seven (47%) patients experienced a decrease in testosterone levels. Time on sirolimus was associated with decreased testosterone (r = 0.643, p = 0.010). Testosterone levels in pubertal male kidney transplant recipients on sirolimus may be suppressed, especially if they have been treated with sirolimus for several years. These data need to be confirmed in a larger study.
The Healing Journey.

The following are excerpts of a speech made during the combined graduation ceremony of the 3 Memphis area Family Medicine residency programs on June 30, 1997. At that time, the author was preparing to leave his faculty position at the University of Tennessee and accept one at the University of Connecticut. During the convocation, he shared his ideas and personal experiences in an address entitled "The Healing Journey."
Analysis of explosively formed fuse experiments

Explosively formed fuse (EFF) opening switches have been used in a variety of applications to divert current in high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) experiments. Typically, EFF's operate at 0.1-0.2 MA/(cm switch width), and have an /spl sim/2 /spl mu/s risetime to a resistance of 10's-100's m/spl Omega/. We have demonstrated voltage standoff of /spl sim/7 KV/(die pattern) in some configurations, and typical switches have up to 100 die patterns. In these operating regimes, we can divert large currents (10-20 MA) to low impedance loads, and produce voltage waveforms with risetime and shape determined by the shape of the resistance curve and amount of magnetic flux in the circuit. Progress in quantitatively modeling EFF performance with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) codes has been slow, and much of our understanding regarding the operating principles of EFF switches still comes from small-scale experiments coupled with hydrodynamic (hydro) calculations. These experiments are typically conducted at currents of /spl sim/0.5 MA in a conductor 6.4 cm wide. A plane-wave detonation system is used to drive the EFF conductor into the forming die, and current and voltage are recorded. The resulting resistance profiles are compared to the hydro calculations to get insight into the operating mechanisms. Our original goals for EFF development were limited in scope, and in pursuing specific large systems, we have left behind a valuable body of small-scale test data that has been largely unused. We now have a charter to achieve a complete understanding of EFF devices, and our first step has been to review existing data. In this paper, we present some of the results of these investigations.
Optical Damage in Epoxy Polymers by Millisecond Light Pulses

We have studied optical damage in epoxy-based polymers used to attach absorbing cladding onto the edge of laser disks of the Nova laser. Damage was produced by exposing the polymers to a 20-4- Jcm/sup 2/ fluence of broad band Xe-flashlamp light having a pulselength of approximately 0.5 ms. This simulates the pump environment of Nd:glass laser amplifiers. The predominant damage mechanisms appear to be pyrolysis, associated with absorbing inclusions and photolysis, associated with intrinsic absorption of the polmer. The amount of damage can be minimized by: (1) careful filtering of the polymer to reduce the presence of foreign material, (2) minimizing the near uv absorption of the polymer and (3) reducing the uv emission of the flashlamps. 27 refs., 9 figs.