cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Realization of Molecular Control Over Solid State Structure: Chemical Vapor Deposition of Gallium and Indium Sulfide Films

The chemical vapor deposition of cubic gallium sulfide and tetragonalindium sulfide films is reported. The structure of the deposited films was demonstrated to be defined not solely by thermodynamics, but bythe predesigned molecular motif of the precursor molecules. Analysis of the deposited films has been obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with associated energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Responsive polymer–fluorescent carbon nanoparticle hybrid nanogels for optical temperature sensing, near-infrared light-responsive drug release, and tumor cell imaging

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNPs) have been successfully immobilized into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) [poly(NIPAM-AAm)] nanogels based on one-pot precipitation copolymerization of NIPAM monomers with hydrogen bonded FCNP–AAm complex monomers in water. The resultant poly(NIPAM-AAm)–FCNP hybrid nanogels can combine functions from each building block for fluorescent temperature sensing, cell imaging, and near-infrared (NIR) light responsive drug delivery. The FCNPs in the hybrid nanogels not only emit bright and stable photoluminescence (PL) and exhibit up-conversion PL properties, but also increase the loading capacity of the nanogels for curcumin drug molecules. The reversible thermo-responsive swelling/shrinking transition of the poly(NIPAM-AAm) nanogel can not only modify the physicochemical environment of the FCNPs to manipulate the PL intensity for sensing the environmental temperature change, but also regulate the releasing rate of the loaded anticancer drug. In addition, the FCNPs embedded in the nanogels can convert the NIR light to heat, thus an exogenous NIR irradiation can further accelerate the drug release and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. The hybrid nanogels can overcome cellular barriers to enter the intracellular region and light up the mouse melanoma B16F10 cells upon laser excitation. The demonstrated hybrid nanogels with nontoxic and optically active FCNPs immobilized in responsive polymer nanogels are promising for the development of a new generation of multifunctional materials for biomedical applications.
Comparison of 2 Common Radiation Therapy Techniques for Definitive Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: Two choices are widely used for radiation delivery, 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). No randomized comparisons have been conducted in the setting of lung cancer, but theoretical concerns suggest that IMRT may negatively impact disease control. We analyzed a large cohort of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients treated before and after institutional conversion from 3DCRT to IMRT to compare outcomes. Methods and Materials: Patients with LS-SCLC treated with definitive radiation at our institution between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Both multivariable Cox regression and propensity score matching were used to compare oncologic outcomes of 3DCRT and IMRT in the context of other clinically relevant covariables. Acute and chronic toxicities associated with the 2 techniques were compared using Fisher exact and log–rank tests, respectively. Results: A total of 223 patients were treated during the study period, with 119 receiving 3DCRT and 104 receiving IMRT. Their median age was 64 years (range, 39-90 years). Median follow-up times for 3DCRT and IMRT were 27 months (range, 2-147 months) and 22 months (range, 4-83 months), respectively. Radiation modality was not associated with differences in overall survival or disease-free survival in either multivariable or propensity score-matchedmore » analyses. IMRT patients required significantly fewer percutaneous feeding tube placements (5% vs 17%, respectively, P=.005). Conclusions: IMRT was not associated with worse oncologic outcomes than those of 3DCRT. IMRT was associated with a lower rate of esophagitis-related percutaneous feeding tube placements.« less
Protecting data compression: Arithmetic coding

Data-compression implementations are particularly sensitive to internal faults because most inherent redundancy in the input data is minimised by the source-coding process. Fault-tolerance techniques are presented for protecting a lossless compression algorithm, arithmetic coding, that is vulnerable to temporary hardware failures. The fundamental arithmetic operations are protected by low-cost residue codes, employing new fault-tolerance methods for multiplications and additions, as recently reported. However, additional fault-tolerant design techniques are developed to protect critical steps such as normalisation and rounding, bit stuffing and index selection. These approaches integrate well with residue codes. Normalisation and rounding after multiplication are protected by efficiently modifying the multiplier to produce residue segments. The decoding step that selects the next symbol is checked by comparing local values with estimates already calculated in other parts of the decoding structure, whereas bit stuffing, a procedure for limiting very long carry propagations, is checked by modified residue values. Overhead complexity issues are discussed as rough estimates.
Consumer Expenditures and Consumer Satisfaction with the Spatial Marketing System

This article establishes a theoretical relationship between consumer satisfaction with the spatial marketing system and consumer expenditures on the product and service offerings of that system. Spatial marketing is defined as including those sectors where customers must travel to and from an outlet to acquire the offering; thus, it encompasses most of retailing and many of the consumer service industries. An empirical test is performed with 1977 data on grocery stores in 168 American SMSAs.
Work-Related Barriers and Facilitators to Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Persons Living with HIV Infection

Little is known about how the structure of work affects adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy. We surveyed participants in an adherence intervention study to learn more about job characteristics, including measures of psychological demand and control, and job accommodations. Adherence was assessed using the Medication Event Monitoring System. Of 156 trial subjects, 69 were employed, and these 69 made 229 study visits. Psychological demands and control were unrelated to adherence, but the presence of workplace accommodations was significantly associated with adherence (P < 0.05). In multivariable models adjusting for clustering, those who reported having received an accommodation were 12% more adherent than those who did not receive an accommodation. Adherence was unrelated to experiencing side effects affecting work performance. Having the ability to institute job accommodations was more important to adherence than the psychosocial structure of the work. These potential benefits of requesting modifications need to be weighed against the possible risks of workplace disclosure.
Reversible Clinical Outcome After Sphincter Stent Removal

AbstractPurpose: We determined whether the self-expanding sphincter stent, a potential alternative to conventional external sphincterotomy for the treatment of detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia, causes a permanent effect on the lower urinary tract.Materials and Methods: Four spinal cord injured men with voiding symptoms of detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia as noted by complete urological evaluation, including a video urodynamic study, were treated with the self-expanding sphincter stent. However, the device was explanted 6 months or longer after insertion in all 4 cases due to stent migration (3) and difficulty with condom catheter urinary drainage (1).Results: All stents were removed completely without damage to the urethra. Mean voiding pressure decreased from 62.5 plus/minus 39.4 to 20.7 plus/minus 6.5 cm. water after sphincter stent placement. One year after stent explanation mean voiding pressure remained unchanged from preoperative values of 58.5 plus/minus 21.5 cm. water. No patient had...
Mechanisms of myogenic tone of coronary arteriole: Role of down stream signaling of the EGFR tyrosine kinase.

Background and purpose We previously showed that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFRtk) is essential in the development of myogenic tone. GRB2-SOS, protein kinase B (Akt), Janus kinase (JAK), and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) are activated by stretch. Thus, we hypothesized that GRB2-SOS, Akt, JAK and STAT3 are downstream signaling of the EGFR and play role in myogenic tone.
Construction of Escherichia coli Strains for Conversion of Nitroacetophenones to ortho-Aminophenols

The predominant bacterial pathway for nitrobenzene (NB) degradation uses an NB nitroreductase and hydroxylaminobenzene (HAB) mutase to form the ring-fission substrate ortho-aminophenol. We tested the hypothesis that constructed strains might accumulate the aminophenols from nitroacetophenones and other nitroaromatic compounds. We constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying NB nitroreductase (nbzA) and HAB mutase A (habA) genes, both from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45, and expressed the enzymes in Escherichia coli JS995. IPTG (isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside)-induced cells of strain JS995 rapidly and stoichiometrically converted NB to 2-aminophenol, 2-nitroacetophenone (2NAP) to 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone (2AHAP), and 3-nitroacetophenone (3NAP) to 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone (3AHAP). We constructed another recombinant plasmid containing the nitroreductase gene (nfs1) from Enterobacter cloacae and habA from strain JS45 and expressed the enzymes in E. coli JS996. Strain JS996 converted NB to 2-aminophenol, 2-nitrotoluene to 2-amino-3-methylphenol, 3-nitrotoluene to 2-amino-4-methylphenol, 4-nitrobiphenyl ether to 4-amino-5-phenoxyphenol, and 1-nitronaphthalene to 2-amino-1-naphthol. In larger-scale biotransformations catalyzed by strain JS995, 75% of the 2NAP transformed was converted to 2AHAP, whereas 3AHAP was produced stoichiometrically from 3NAP. The final yields of the aminophenols after extraction and recovery were >64%. The biocatalytic synthesis of ortho-aminophenols from nitroacetophenones suggests that strain JS995 may be useful in the biocatalytic production of a variety of substituted ortho-aminophenols from the corresponding nitroaromatic compounds.
Tectonic, eustatic and environmental controls on mid‐Cretaceous carbonate platform deposition, south‐central Pyrenees, Spain

Cenomanian–Turonian strata of the south-central Pyrenees in northern Spain contain three prograding carbonate sequences that record interactions among tectonics, sea level, environment and sediment fabric in controlling sequence development. Sequence UK-1 (Lower to Upper Cenomanian) contains distinct lagoonal, back-margin, margin, slope and basin facies, and was deposited on a broad, flat shelf adjacent to a deep basin. The lack of reef-constructing organisms resulted in a gently dipping ramp morphology for the margin and slope. Sequence UK-2 (Upper Cenomanian) contains similar shallow-water facies belts, but syndepositional tectonic modification of the margin resulted in a steep slope and deposition of carbonate megabreccias. Sequence UK-3 (Lower to Middle Turonian) records a shift from benthic to pelagic deposition, as the shallow platform was drowned in response to a eustatic sea-level rise, coupled with increased organic productivity. Sequences UK-1 to UK-3 are subdivided into lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts based on stratal geometries and facies distribution patterns. The same lithologies (e.g. megabreccias) commonly occur in more than one systems tract, indicating that: (1) the depositional system responded to more than just sea-level fluctuations; and (2) similar processes occurred during different times throughout sequence development. These sequences illustrate the complexity of carbonate platform dynamics that influence sequence architecture. Rift tectonics and flexural subsidence played a major role in controlling the location of the platform margin, maintaining a steep slope gradient through syndepositional faulting, enhancing slope instability and erosion, and influencing depositional processes, stratal relationships and lithofacies distribution on the slope. Sea-level variations (eustatic and relative) strongly influenced the timing of sequence and parasequence boundary formation, controlled changes in accommodation and promoted platform drowning (in conjunction with other factors). Physico-chemical and climatic conditions were responsible for reducing carbonate production rates and inducing platform drowning. Finally, a mud-rich sediment fabric affected platform morphology, growth geometries (aggradation vs. progradation) and facies distribution patterns.
Prognostic and biologic significance of high LCK expression in ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal and second most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. Previous studies have demonstrated the favorable prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value and the biological correlates for lymphocyte specific kinase (LCK) expression in high grade serous ovarian cancer.
Minimum Time Length Scheduling under Blockage and Interference in Multi-Hop mmWave Networks

We study the problem of minimizing the scheduling time length to serve users' traffic demand by link scheduling in multi-hop mmWave wireless networks. We formulate a constrained Binary Integer Programming (BIP) problem incorporating a flexible interference model for directional transmissions and a Markov chain based blockage model. Since the problem is NP hard, we propose a heuristic algorithm with greatly reduced complexity, which first finds the optimal streaming path for each data flow and then maximizes the instant network throughput by optimizing the link scheduling at each time slot. The performance of the heuristic algorithm is validated with simulations.
Does Watching Television Actually Make One Nicer? The Use of Conflict Management Message Styles

A telephone survey of 122 respondents was conducted to examine whether exposure to television predicted the use of certain conflict management message styles. Television exposure was not a significant predictor of using a “self-oriented” or “issue-oriented” approach. However, it was a significant predictor of using an “other-oriented” approach to conflict management. Viewers with greater exposure to television were more likely to report using positive message responses when dealing with conflict than their lighter-viewing counterparts.
Short-term Culture of Epithelial Cells from Urine of Adults

SummaryOutgrowth of cells occurs when sediments from voided or catheterized urines are placed in culture. Proliferation of epithelial-like cells was obtained with 69% of the urines from normal adult males and from patients with an indwelling catheter. Similar observations were made with malignant cells derived from urines of patients with urothelial carcinoma. In no instance was the outgrowth of fibroblast-like cells seen.
An Evolutionary Framework for Understanding the Origin of Eukaryotes.

Two major obstacles hinder the application of evolutionary theory to the origin of eukaryotes. The first is more apparent than real—the endosymbiosis that led to the mitochondrion is often described as “non-Darwinian” because it deviates from the incremental evolution championed by the modern synthesis. Nevertheless, endosymbiosis can be accommodated by a multi-level generalization of evolutionary theory, which Darwin himself pioneered. The second obstacle is more serious—all of the major features of eukaryotes were likely present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor thus rendering comparative methods ineffective. In addition to a multi-level theory, the development of rigorous, sequence-based phylogenetic and comparative methods represents the greatest achievement of modern evolutionary theory. Nevertheless, the rapid evolution of major features in the eukaryotic stem group requires the consideration of an alternative framework. Such a framework, based on the contingent nature of these evolutionary events, is developed and illustrated with three examples: the putative intron proliferation leading to the nucleus and the cell cycle; conflict and cooperation in the origin of eukaryotic bioenergetics; and the inter-relationship between aerobic metabolism, sterol synthesis, membranes, and sex. The modern synthesis thus provides sufficient scope to develop an evolutionary framework to understand the origin of eukaryotes.
Expression of LTC4 synthase during the development of eosinophils in vitro from cord blood progenitors

The expression of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) was examined during the development of eosinophils in vitro from cord blood mononuclear cells. At 7 days, the cells contained mRNA and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblot signals for cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), but lacked LTC4S and did not generate cysteinyl leukotrienes when stimulated with 20 mumol/L calcium ionophore. At 14 days, 94% of the cells were of eosinophil lineage, both LTC4S mRNA transcript and protein were present, and ionophore stimulation resulted in the generation of 23.9 +/- 6.0 pmol cysteinyl leukotrienes/10(6) eosinophil-lineage cells (mean +/- SEM, n = 6). At 28 days, progressive eosinophil maturation was accompanied by further increments in 5-LO, FLAP, and LTC4S proteins, and by the ionophore-induced production of 94.6 +/- 9.0 pmol cysteinyl leukotrienes/10(6) eosinophil-lineage cells (n = 6). Cells selected for CD34 expression lacked detectable 5-LO/LTC4S pathway proteins, and with culture generally expressed immunodetectable cPLA2 and 5-LO proteins by 3 days, FLAP protein by 7 days, and LTC4S protein by 10 days. Thus, during the development of eosinophils in vitro, cPLA2, 5-LO, and FLAP are expressed before LTC4S. Once the lineage is established by morphologic criteria, the eosinophilopoietic cytokines mediate upregulation of FLAP and LTC4S, members of a newly recognized gene family, and of 5-LO, during ongoing cell maturation.
Three Theories of Privacy: An Overview

This chapter reviews the current most important theories of privacy. The review is addressed to those unfamiliar with theories of privacy. It is my goal to provide those readers with a foundation on which to build. To this end, the chapter summarizes the two best articulated and best supported theories of privacy (Altman 1975; Westin 1967) as well as Petronio’s (2002) communication privacy management (CPM) theory, an important extension of Altman’s theory that is particularly suited for the study of social networking. Additionally, this chapter considers two larger issues about what privacy is: issues in defining privacy and lessons to be learned from Altman’s and Westin’s theories. I begin with the three theories of privacy.
Lower intraoperative flap complication rate with the Hansatome microkeratome compared to the Automated Corneal Shaper.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the incidence of intraoperative flap complications, such as partial flaps, donut-shaped flaps, central corneal cuts, and complete caps with the Hansatome and Automated Corneal Shaper (ACS) microkeratomes. METHODS: All laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedures performed by a single surgeon with the Hansatome or Automated Corneal Shaper in which intraocular pressure was verified with a pneumotonometer were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 90 eyes had LASIK with the ACS microkeratome. Six of the ACS eyes (6.7%) had intraoperative flap complications (4 partial flaps, 1 donut-shaped flap, 0 central corneal cuts, 1 complete cap). Partial flaps and donut-shaped flaps were replaced without laser application and the procedure repeated 2 to 3 months later. Two of these eyes lost 2 lines and one lost 1 line of spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 6 months after repeat LASIK. The eye with the donut-shaped flap was treated with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and had no change in spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 6 months after PRK. The eye with the complete cap had no change in spectacle-corrected visual acuity after laser ablation. Five hundred ninety-eight (598) eyes had LASIK with the Hansatome microkeratome. Two of the Hansatome eyes (0.3%) had a flap complication (1 partial flap and 1 donut-shaped flap). The first eye retained spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 6 months after repeat LASIK. The second eye had transepithelial PRK to eliminate the donut shaped flap with no loss of spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 6 months after surgery. The difference in flap complications between the two procedures was statistically significant (P <.01). There were no flap displacements following surgery in either group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative flap complications are less likely to occur with the Hansatome microkeratome than with the ACS microkeratome.
Shape Analysis with Hyperbolic Wasserstein Distance

Shape space is an active research field in computer vision study. The shape distance defined in a shape space may provide a simple and refined index to represent a unique shape. Wasserstein distance defines a Riemannian metric for the Wasserstein space. It intrinsically measures the similarities between shapes and is robust to image noise. Thus it has the potential for the 3D shape indexing and classification research. While the algorithms for computing Wasserstein distance have been extensively studied, most of them only work for genus-0 surfaces. This paper proposes a novel framework to compute Wasserstein distance between general topological surfaces with hyperbolic metric. The computational algorithms are based on Ricci flow, hyperbolic harmonic map, and hyperbolic power Voronoi diagram and the method is general and robust. We apply our method to study human facial expression, longitudinal brain cortical morphometry with normal aging, and cortical shape classification in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental results demonstrate that our method may be used as an effective shape index, which outperforms some other standard shape measures in our AD versus healthy control classification study.
Introduction: In the Place of a Hero

Today (whichever today we are in) we are empty of heroes and skeptical of the very idea. Yesterday (recent or ancient yesterday) we discerned heroes, and our worshipful admiration was their reward; and ours. This sense of loss is the condition of modernity, and “modernity” goes back to forever.
Empirical Analysis of Denial-of-Service Attacks in the Bitcoin Ecosystem

We present an empirical investigation into the prevalence and impact of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on operators in the Bitcoin economy. To that end, we gather and analyze posts mentioning “DDoS” on the popular Bitcoin forum bitcointalk.org. Starting from around 3 000 different posts made between May 2011 and October 2013, we document 142 unique DDoS attacks on 40 Bitcoin services. We find that 7 % of all known operators have been attacked, but that currency exchanges, mining pools, gambling operators, eWallets, and financial services are much more likely to be attacked than other services. Not coincidentally, we find currency exchanges and mining pools are much more likely to have DDoS protection such as CloudFlare, Incapsula, or Amazon Cloud. We show that those services that have been attacked are more than three times as likely to buy anti-DDoS services than operators who have not been attacked. We find that big mining pools (those with historical hashrate shares of at least 5 %) are much more likely to be DDoSed than small pools. We investigate Mt. Gox as a case study for DDoS attacks on currency exchanges and find a disproportionate amount of DDoS reports made during the large spike in trading volume and exchange rates in spring 2013. We conclude by outlining future opportunities for researching DDoS attacks on Bitcoin.
Abstract 4332: Evaluation of arachidonic acid pathways with prognosis in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the phospholipids of cell membranes. ARA is metabolized through two major pathways, cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), resulting in various biologically active eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Cumulative evidence from both in vitro and animal studies suggests that COX and LOX pathways may be involved in the development and progression of lung cancer by regulating multiple biological processes. However, no direct evidence exists to connect key enzymes of COX and LOX pathways with prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a study to evaluate the association of protein expression of major enzymes in the COX and LOX pathways with prognosis of NSCLC. Materials and Methods: Included in the study are 98 patients with surgically resected NSCLC. The archived paraffin-embedded tumor tissue blocks were retrieved, and tissue microarray were constructed with at least two cores for most cases. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Expression levels of COX-2, 12-LOX, 15-LOX-1, 15-LOX-2, 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP), and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11βHSD1) and type II (11βHSD2) were evaluated immunohistochemically. Odds ratios (OR) of death were estimated using logistic regression models with adjustment for age at diagnosis, BMI, smoking status, and tumor stage. Results: All seven assayed markers were significantly correlated with one another (r = 0.299 - 0.658, P Citation Format: Yinghao Su, Ming-Zhi Zhang, Wanqing Wen, Wei Zheng, Rosana Eisenberg, Pierre P. Massion, Qiuyin Cai. Evaluation of arachidonic acid pathways with prognosis in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4332. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4332
Effect of Plastic and Elastic Stresses on the Losses And the Domain Configurations of Grain-Oriented 3 Pet Si-Fe

Permanent, plastic elongation of about 0.1 pet is shown almost to double the 60-cycle watt losses of grain oriented 3 pet Si-Fe. Subsequent application of tension in the elastic range is shown to eliminate this loss increase. The domain structures corresponding to these effects have been studied and their interpretation bears out the loss results qualitatively.
The effects of low dose MK-801 administration on NMDAR dependent executive functions in pigeons

An avian analogue of human fronto-executive dysfunction was used to study the long-term effects of a repeated low dose of MK-801. MK-801 is known to selectively antagonize the excitatory N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and indirectly impair inhibitory related processes (GABA-AR). First, eight pigeons were divided into two groups, receiving either 0.15mg/kg MK-801 or saline (i.p.) 1-hour prior to each session. Thirty 90-min sessions of a Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate of Response (DRL-10s) schedule were run over 3-months. Both overall number of responses and efficiency were unaffected by treatment, establishing a sub-threshold motoric dose. Then, another eight pigeons, treated identically, were given an operant visual discrimination task. Results demonstrated impairment of the fronto-striatal function of both excitatory and inhibitory processes in the MK-801 group during the entire 3-months. A 30-session treatment cross-over showed that the Saline-to-MK-801 group was unaffected, whereas the MK-801-to-Saline group exhibited rapid recovery of inhibitory control, however excitatory control did not fully recover. Together, these results suggested that the NMDAR system is involved in the acquisition of excitatory learning, but only in the expression of inhibitory learning. Our findings were discussed in terms of the value of avian models in translational research. Furthermore, our results were examined within the context of the NIH Research Domain of Criteria initiative and the role of NMDAR disruption, which underlie executive dysfunction in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, our findings suggested that the potential long-term effects of the clinical and recreational use of NMDAR antagonists require further study.
Metal-mediated diradical tuning for DNA replication arrest via template strand scission.

A series of M(PyED)·X (X = 2Cl−, SO42−) pyridine–metalloenediyne complexes [M = Cu(II), Fe(II), or Zn(II)] and their independently synthesized, cyclized analogs have been prepared to investigate their potential as radical-generating DNA-damaging agents. All complexes possess a 1:1 metal-to-ligand stoichiometry as determined by electronic absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Solution structural analysis reveals a pπ Cl → Cu(II) LMCT (22,026 cm−1) for Cu(PyED)·2Cl, indicating three nitrogens and a chloride in the psuedo-equatorial plane with the remaining pyridine nitrogen and solvent in axial positions. EPR spectra of the Cu(II) complexes exhibit an axially elongated octahedron. This spectroscopic evidence, together with density functional theory computed geometries, suggest six-coordinate structures for Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes and a five-coordinate environment for Zn(II) analogs. Bergman cyclization via thermal activation of these constructs yields benzannulated product indicative of diradical generation in all complexes within 3 h at 37 °C. A significant metal dependence on the rate of the reaction is observed [Cu(II) > Fe(II) > Zn(II)], which is mirrored in in vitro DNA-damaging outcomes. Whereas in situ chelation of PyED leads to considerable degradation in the presence of all metals within 1 h under hyperthermia conditions, Cu(II) activation produces >50% compromised DNA within 5 min. Additionally, Cu(II) chelated PyED outcompetes DNA polymerase I to successfully inhibit template strand extension. Exposure of HeLa cells to Cu(PyBD)·SO4 (IC50 = 10 μM) results in a G2/M arrest compared with untreated samples, indicating significant DNA damage. These results demonstrate metal-controlled radical generation for degradation of biopolymers under physiologically relevant temperatures on short timescales.
Frozen “Tofu” Effect: Engineered Pores of Hydrophilic Nanoporous Materials

Frozen tofu is a famous Asian food made by freezing soft bean curds, which are naturally porous to store flavor and nutrients. When the narrow pores of the soft bean curd are saturated with water and then frozen, pore widths expand to generate a completely new porous structure—frozen tofu has visibly wider pores than the initial bean curd. Intriguingly, this principle can be generalized and applied to manipulate micro/nanopores of functional porous materials. In this work, we will manipulate the pore size of nanoporous polymeric photonic crystals based on the phase change between water and ice. Wet-drying and freeze-drying methods were applied to shrink or expand the pore size intentionally. This principle is validated by directly observing the optical reflection peak shift of the material. Owing to the change in pore size, the reflection peak of the polymeric photonic crystal structure can be permanently, and intentionally, tuned. This simple but elegant mechanism is promising for the development of smar...
C. M. Mazak and K. S. Carroll (Eds): Translanguaging in Higher Education: Beyond Monolingual Ideologies

Translanguaging is an increasingly notable term in the field of applied linguistics. Defined as an approach to using language and educating multilingual students with the language practices of bilingual speakers who draw from one linguistic repertoire (Garcia and Wei 2014, p. 2), translanguaging is at the forefront of the research agenda. According to Mazak and Carroll (2017), the editors of this volume, research in translanguaging is often situated in the primary and secondary school classroom where teachers engage students in their multiple languages to facilitate a deeper understanding of school content. For this reason, they use this edited volume to bring the conversation of translanguaging to the tertiary classroom, a space traditionally known for its monolingual ideology where prestige is ascribed...
Dementia with Lewy Body

Dementia with Lewy body (DLB) is characterized by cognitive decline, visual hallucinations, and motor Parkinsonism. Hybrid PET/MR imaging is useful in differentiating DLB from other neurodegenerative disorders as there is less pronounced global atrophy and hypometabolism that also affects the occipital lobes in addition to the posterior temporal and parietal lobes.
Critiques of the Scarcity Paradigm

This chapter surveys the views of some notable critics of the neoclassical economic paradigm of scarcity. The views examined include Karl Marx, Henry George, Thorstein Veblen, Karl Polanyi, John Kenneth Galbraith, in addition to the views of the Romantics, such as John Ruskin and Thomas Carlyle.
Quantitative measures of gingival recession and the influence of gender, race, and attrition

Gingival recession in dentitions with otherwise healthy periodontium is a common occurrence in adults. Recession is clinically measured using a periodontal probe to the nearest millimeter. The aim of this study is to establish quantitative measures of recession, the clinical crown height, and a new measure the gingival margin-papillae measurement. The latter is seen as the shortest apico-coronal distance measured from the depth of the gingival margin to a line connecting the tips of the two adjacent papillae. Measurements on all teeth up to and including the first molar were performed on pretreatment study models of 120 adult Caucasian and African-American subjects divided into four groups of 30 by gender and race. Both the clinical crown height and the gingival margin-papillae measurements gave a true positive result for changes associated with gingival recession. Tooth wear shortens the clinical crown, and therefore, the measure of clinical crown height can give a false negative result when gingival recession is present. However, the gingival margin-papillae measurement was not affected by tooth wear and gave a true positive result for gingival recession. Tooth wear (attrition) was not associated with an increase in gingival recession. These measures are also useful in detecting recession prior to cemental exposure. Measures for recession and tooth wear were different for the four demographic groups studied. These measures can be used as quantitative standards in both clinical dentistry, research, and epidemiological studies.
The effect of high-dose dronabinol (oral THC) maintenance on cannabis self-administration.

Abstract Background There is a clear need for advancing the treatment of cannabis use disorders. Prior research has demonstrated that dronabinol (oral THC) can dose-dependently suppress cannabis withdrawal and reduce the acute effects of smoked cannabis. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether high-dose dronabinol could reduce cannabis self-administration among daily users. Methods Non-treatment seeking daily cannabis users (N = 13) completed a residential within-subjects crossover study and were administered placebo, low-dose dronabinol (120 mg/day; 40 mg tid), or high-dose dronabinol (180–240 mg/day; 60–80 mg tid) for 12 consecutive days (order counterbalanced). During each 12-day dronabinol maintenance phase, participants were allowed to self-administer smoked cannabis containing Results Participants self-administered significantly more active cannabis compared with placebo in all conditions. When active cannabis was available, self-administration was significantly reduced during periods of dronabinol maintenance compared with placebo maintenance. There was no difference in self-administration between the low- and high-dose dronabinol conditions. Conclusions Chronic dronabinol dosing can reduce cannabis self-administration in daily cannabis users and suppress withdrawal symptoms. Cannabinoid agonist medications should continue to be explored for therapeutic utility in the treatment of cannabis use disorders.
Single Cell Analysis of Factors Increasing the Survival of Resealed Erythrocytes in the Circulation of Mice

Erythrocytes labeled with fluorescent membrane markers were reinfused into mice. Blood samples removed periodically were analyzed by flow cytometry for survival of labeled cells. Normal erythrocytes labeled with the markers persisted in the circulation for 45 days. A fraction of lysed and resealed erythrocytes labeled with marker were rapidly cleared from the circulation; the remainder were removed at approximately the same rate as normal cells in the same animal labeled with marker of another color. Lysis in a minimal volume of buffer and addition of ATP during lysis both increased the fraction of cells surviving initial clearance.
Prenatal smoking prevalence ascertained from two population-based data sources: birth certificates and PRAMS questionnaires, 2004.

Objectives.This study provided a population-based estimate of the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy by combining information from two data sources: birth certificates (BCs) and a self-administ...
Quality Control During Primary Fermentation

This portion of the text will deal with the most common testing procedures and recording practices that are carried out during primary fermentations in the small winery. The expression primary fermentation, as used in this book, refers to the initial fermentation of grape juice or must by cultured yeasts, as opposed to secondary fermentation in the vinification of sparkling wines or the bacterial malo-lactic fermentation.
Cobalt Self-Diffusion: A Study of the Method of Decrease in Surface Activity

The method of decrease in surface activity was used to determine the rates of diffusion of Coau]60_ into cobalt and into nickel. Since the absorption curves for cobalt radiation were quite complex under the conditions of these experiments, the effects of geometry and surface preparation on the diffusion results were investigated. The cobalt self-diffusion coefficients obey the equation $${D^{Co}}_{Co} = {e^{ - 61900/RT}}$$ cm2 per sec. For dilute cobalt diffusing in nickel, $${D^{Co}}_{Ni} = 1.46{e^{ - 68300/RT}}$$ cm2 per sec.
Historical Perspective on Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Cadmium is a critical element for advancement of our industrial society, where it is used in alkaline batteries, alloys, paints, plastics, photographic supplies, antiseptics and other products (9,25). By recognizing the toxicity of cadmium it has been possible to limit exposure to this element while benefiting from its many products. This paper will trace the history of the predominant toxic manifestation of cadmium exposure, i.e. nephrotoxicity, as a model for understanding how its pathology and aetiology were recognized. It will become apparent that our understanding of a comparatively “modern” disease can shed light on prior observations of the pathological processes of nephrotoxicity.
Teacher to Scientist and Back Again

I always wanted to be a teacher. I remember as a young girl arming myself with chalk, an old-fashioned easel-style chalkboard, various books and supplies, and even a stick to use as a pointer and heading to my playhouse to teach imaginary students the basics of reading and math. I adored my elementary schoolteachers and couldn’t imagine doing anything else. Summer was always too long; I was inevitably ready to go back to school by July. Long days were filled with reading, mostly mysteries, although any series had to be read to completion—classics like The Boxcar Children, Nancy Drew mysteries, and even books about the nurse Cherry Ames kept me entertained. I read short stories aloud to invisible ears, asking follow-up questions about characters and events. It was an enjoyable way to grow up in my rural Kentucky home.
Abstract 5797: BET inhibitor synthetic lethality in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors

BET bromodomain inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapy for numerous cancer types in pre-clinical studies, but molecular indicators of tumor response are lacking. Through modeling tumor evolution by studying genetic lesions underlying the development of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)-associated Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST), a lethal sarcoma with no effective medical treatment, we identified a BRD4 dependency that serves as a controlled model system to delineate mechanisms of sensitivity or resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors in this disease. In this study, we show that loss of NF1 and p53 is associated with increased BRD4 protein levels and partial sensitivity to BET inhibition in MPNST. Strikingly, genetic depletion of BRD4 profoundly sensitizes MPNST cells to diverse BET inhibitors in culture and in vivo, while wild-type cells are spared. Collectively, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 reveals that BET inhibitor resistance in MPNST requires wild-type BRD4 to support growth in a bromodomain-independent manner. Our findings provide a framework for understanding BET inhibitor sensitivity and resistance within distinct molecular subsets of MPNST. In addition, discovery that a synthetic lethality exists between BET inhibition and reduced BRD4 levels nominates a BRD4-low patient subpopulation as that which might best respond to a BET inhibitor therapeutic strategy for MPNST. Citation Format: Jonathan M. Cooper, Amish J. Patel, Zhiguo Chen, Chung-Ping Liao, Kun Chen, Yong Wang, Lu Q. Le. BET inhibitor synthetic lethality in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5797.
Sterically induced conformational restriction: Discovery and preclinical evaluation of novel pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines as microtubule targeting agents.

Abstract The discovery, synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of nine N5-substituted-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines are reported. Novel compounds with microtubule depolymerizing activity were identified. Some of these compounds also circumvent clinically relevant drug resistance mechanisms (expression of P-glycoprotein and βIII tubulin). Compounds 4, 5, and 8–13 were one to two-digit nanomolar (IC50) inhibitors of cancer cells in culture. Contrary to recent reports (Banerjee et al. J. Med. Chem. 2018, 61, 1704–1718), the conformation of the most active compounds determined by 1H NMR and molecular modeling are similar to that reported previously and in keeping with recently reported X-ray crystal structures. Compound 11, freely water soluble as the HCl salt, afforded statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth in three xenograft models [MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231 and NCI/ADR-RES] compared with controls. Compound 11 did not display indications of animal toxicity and is currently slated for further preclinical development.
Fallopian Canal Meningocele with Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective To present a case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea from a fallopian canal meningocele involving the geniculate fossa and review all cases of fallopian canal CSF leak reported in the literature with discussion of management and outcomes. Methods A 53-year-old woman with history of morbid obesity and hypertension presented to a tertiary care referral center with unilateral high-volume CSF otorrhea. High-resolution temporal bone computed tomography demonstrated significant dilatation of the geniculate fossa. Rates of postoperative facial paralysis and refractory CSF leak were reported for the present case and prior cases reported in the literature. Results Locations of fallopian canal dehiscence, surgical approaches, techniques for packing dehiscence, rates of postoperative facial paralysis and CSF leak, and revision procedures were reported for the present case and 14 cases in the literature. The present case involved dehiscence of the geniculate fossa that was approached via combined transmastoid–middle cranial fossa exploration with facial nerve monitoring. The area of dehiscence was carefully packed with temporalis fascia, muscle, and artificial dural substitute overlay to repair the CSF leak without injuring the facial nerve. Postoperatively, no facial weakness was noted; however, right-sided high-volume CSF otorrhea persisted. After discussing treatment options, the patient underwent subtotal petrosectomy and blind-sac closure of the external auditory canal the following day. This successfully resolved the CSF leak without causing facial nerve weakness. Conclusions Fallopian canal meningocele is an exceedingly rare cause of CSF otorrhea. Successful repair requires precise packing of the dilated facial canal to occlude the leak without injuring the facial nerve. For refractory CSF leak, subtotal petrosectomy and closure of the external auditory canal warrants consideration.
Nonlinear acoustic metamaterials

Acoustic metamaterials (AMM) have become a very active topic for research in numerous domains of engineering and science because of their promise to create materials, structures, and devices that can control acoustic wave propagation in ways that exceed the capabilities of naturally occurring or conventional composite materials. The majority of AMM research has been focused on linear behavior such as negative dynamic effective stiffness and density, cloaking, and negative refraction. One drawback of the focus on linear behavior is the restriction of the effective material properties of interest to narrow frequency bands that cannot be changed with external stimulus. Nonlinearity has been explored as a means of increasing the bandwidth of performance by enabling tunable band gaps and material configurability. Other recent work has investigated nonlinear AMM to access phenomena such as harmonic generation, non-reciprocity, enhanced energy absorption, solitons, mode hopping and conversion, chaos, and intrinsic localized modes. This talk will provide an overview of nonlinear AMM, starting with a background on AMM, then surveying existing research on the topic and its relationship to seminal works in nonlinear acoustics, and finally discussing promising avenues of future research. [Work supported by the National Science Foundation EFRI program and ARL:UT.]
Risk of Repeat Concussion Among Patients Diagnosed at a Pediatric Care Network.

Objective To quantify the risk of repeat concussions for children and identify demographic and clinical aspects of the index concussion associated with repeat injury. Study design For this retrospective cohort study, we queried the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia healthcare network's unified electronic health record to identify all 5- to 15-year-old patients who had their first clinical visit for an index concussion at a Children's Hospital of Philadelphia location from July 2012 through June 2013. A 25% random sample (n = 536) were selected. Clinical data were abstracted for their index concussion and all concussion-related visits for 2 years following the index concussion. Results Overall, 16.2% (n = 87) of patients experienced at least 1 repeat concussion within 2 years of their index concussion. The risk of repeat concussion increased with patient age (9.5% for ages 5-8 years; 10.7% for ages 9-11 years; and 19.8% for ages 12-15 years). After we adjusted for other factors, risk was particularly heightened among patients whose index concussion had a longer clinical course (>30 vs 0-7 days, adjusted risk ratio 1.65 [1.01-2.69]) and greater symptom burden (>11 vs 0-2 symptoms, adjusted risk ratio 2.12 [1.12-3.72]). Conclusions We estimate that 1 in 6 youth diagnosed with a concussion are diagnosed with a subsequent concussion within 2 years and that several clinical characteristics of the index concussion increase this risk. Identifying factors associated with a repeat injury is essential to inform the clinical management of concussion and direct injury prevention efforts.