cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of mind mapping as an active learning strategy among associate degree nursing students

Abstract There is a significant need for faculty to move away from the traditional teacher-centered educational approach and increase implementation of an active, student-centered, learning environment. Creating learning experiences that facilitate reflection, knowledge building, problem solving, inquiry, and critical thinking is vital. Using mind maps as an active learning strategy is an innovative technique to facilitate student learning. Students can illustrate a vision, exhibit their contextual knowledge and creativity, and make associations about a central theme during this activity. Mind mapping can be used for note taking, completing homework assignments, preparing for exams, analyzing, and reflecting about nursing practice. Mind maps can be executed in nursing curricula as an alternative learning experience.
Dutch: A Comprehensive Grammar. by DONALDSON, BRUCE

The article reviews the book "Dutch: A Comprehensive Grammar," 2nd edition and a volume of the Routledge Comprehensive Grammars series, by Bruce Donaldson.
Gross and histologic characteristics of laparoscopic injuries with four different energy sources.

Abstract Objective: To compare the gross and histologic effects of bipolar and monopolar cautery, ultrasonic scalpel, and CO 2 laser on porcine ureter, bladder, and rectum. Design: Experimental prospective study. Setting: Cleveland Clinic Foundation Animal Research Laboratory, Cleveland, Ohio. Animal(s): Nonpregnant adult female pigs. Intervention(s): The rectum, bladder, and ureters of 12 female pigs were injured with four different laparoscopic energy sources. Main Outcome Measure(s): Gross measurements of injured tissue and histologic analysis of the depth of the tissue injury. Result(s): Gross assessment results were that monopolar injuries of the bowel and bladder were significantly longer than ultrasonic injuries ( P 2 laser caused no deep-tissue injury. Conclusion(s): Laparoscopic energy sources injure tissue differently. Monopolar cautery appears to have the most lateral spread of thermal energy. The CO 2 laser appears to cause the least deep-tissue injury.
Species-specific and Mutant MWFE Proteins THEIR EFFECT ON THE ASSEMBLY OF A FUNCTIONAL MAMMALIAN MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX I

The MWFE protein (70 amino acids) is highly conserved in evolution, but the human protein (80% identical to hamster) does not complement a null mutation in Chinese hamster cells. We have identified a small protein segment where significant differences exist between rodents and primates, illustrating very specifically the need for compatibility of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in the assembly of complex I. The segment between amino acids 39 and 46 appears to be critical for species-specific compatibility. Amino acid substitutions in this region were tested that caused a reduction of activity of the hamster protein or converted the inactive human protein into a partially active one. Such mutations could be useful in making mice with partial complex I activity as models for mitochondrial diseases. Their potential as dominant negative mutants was explored. More deleterious mutations in the NDUFA1 gene were also characterized. A conservative substitution, R50K, or a short C-terminal deletion makes the protein completely inactive. In the absence of MWFE, no high molecular weight complex was detectable by Blue Native-gel electrophoresis. The MWFE protein itself is unstable in the absence of assembled mitochondrially encoded integral membrane proteins of complex I.
Effect of the Wheel Geometric Design on the Nonlinear Dynamics of Railroad Vehicles

The effect of the geometry of a wheel profile that allows only a single point of contact with the rail is investigated in this study. The local geometric properties of this profile are compared with the local geometric properties of a profile that allows for two-point contacts in order to understand the basic differences between the two profiles. A simple model is first used to examine the effect of the profile geometry on the stability and nonlinear dynamics of a suspended wheel set. The results obtained using this simple model show that the geometry of the wheel profile can significantly alter the critical speed. A computational approach is then used to investigate and quantify the effect of the wheel geometry wheel on the dynamics and stability of railroad vehicles. Two methods, the contact constraint and elastic formulations, are used. The contact constraint method employs nonlinear algebraic kinematic constraint equations to describe the contact between the wheel and the rail. The contact kinematic constraints, which eliminate one degree of freedom and do not allow for wheel/rail separation, are imposed at the position, velocity and acceleration levels. The system equations of motion are expressed in terms of the generalized coordinates and the nongene rallied surface parameters. In the formulations based on the elastic approach, the wheel has six degrees of freedom with respect to the rail, and the normal contact forces are defined as a function of the penetration using Hertz's contact theory or using assumed stiffness and damping coefficients. In the elastic approach that allows for wheel/rail separation, the locations of the contact points are determined by solving a set of algebraic equations. The distribution of the contact forces resulting from the use of the two profiles that have different geometric properties is investigated using the two methods. Numerical results are presented for a full railroad vehicle model and the effect of the wheel profile on the vehicle stability is investigated.
New structural limits on magma chamber locations at the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska

New structural data from the Novarupta basin, Katmai National Park, Alaska, site of the largest volcanic eruption of this century (1912), provide limits for the location of magma chambers associated with this eruption. To investigate the subsurface structure of the 1912 vents, and to support an interdisciplinary study of this young volcanic system, a project of geologic mapping of surficial and bedrock structures in the vent region of the 1912 eruption has been undertaken. Landslide scarps, arcuate grabens, a monoclinal fold, and truncated ridges circumscribe the Novarupta basin, marking the inferred outer rim of the vent. A set of radial fissures crosses the southern margin of the basin, striking {approximately}140{degree}, subparallel to the dominant bedrock joint set. These fissures and joints, along with the local plate-motion vector and the inferred regional stress orientation, are consistent with a feeder dike propagating from a reservoir beneath Trident volcano to the eruptive vent.
1219 SPECIFIC DIAGNOSES AND PROGNOSES IN SGA INFANTS

Of 1350 babies born at Group Health Hospital there were 4% who were 2SD or more down for gestational age in length, weight and/or head circumference. Each was examined to determine a specific clinical diagnosis and postnatal growth was followed. The most common diagnosis was maternal uterine constraint in 18(33%). 50% of the constraint babies had deformations beyond growth deficiency. These babies showed catch-up growth in the first month and complete by 2-6 mos. The second most common cause (16%) was heavy cigarette smoking. Only 6 of these 9 babies showed catchup growth within the first 6 months. 9% were genetically small babies of small parentage and they did not show postnatal catchup growth. There were 2 to 3 cases each of placental insufficiency, pre-eclampsia, a small MZ twin with A-V placental shunt, and a family history of SGA babies. Within these categories all showed catch-up growth except one of the MZ twins. 7 had malformation disorders and none of the 4 survivors showed catch-up growth. Thus SGA is a non-specific feature which may be secondary to a host of different causes. The prognosis relates to the specific diagnosis. For the most common type of cause, late fetal uterine constraint, the prognosis for catch-up growth is excellent, The second most common, and most preventable cause, is heavy cigarette smoking, for which the prognosis is variable.
Polylactide, nanoclay, and core–shell rubber composites

Three types of composites, namely, polylactide (PLA)/nanoclay, PLA/core–shell rubber, and PLA/nanoclay/core–shell rubber, were melt compounded via a corotating twin-screw extruder. The effects of two types of organically modified montmorillonite nanoclays (i.e., Cloisite®30B and 20A), two types of core (polybutylacrylate)–shell (polymethylmethacrylate) rubbers (i.e., Paraloid EXL2330 and EXL2314), and the combination of nanoclay and rubber on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. According to X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses, both types of PLA/5 wt% nanoclay composites had an intercalated morphology. In comparison with pure PLA, both types of PLA/5 wt% nanoclay composites had an increased modulus, similar impact strength, slightly reduced tensile strength, and significantly reduced strain at break. On the other hand, PLA/EXL2330 composites with a rubber loading level of 10 wt% or higher had a much higher impact strength and strain at break, but a lower modulus and strength when compared with pure PLA. The simultaneous addition of 5 wt% nanoclay (Cloisite®30B) and 20 wt% EXL2330 resulted in a PLA composite with a 134% increase in impact strength, a 6% increase in strain at break, a similar modulus, and a 28% reduction in tensile strength in comparison with pure PLA. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1419–1427, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Outcomes of right minithoracotomy mitral valve surgery in patients with previous sternotomy.

Background We evaluated the outcomes of patients with a history of previous sternotomy who underwent minimally invasive mitral valve surgery through a right minithoracotomy approach. Methods We reviewed all the isolated mitral valve operations performed at our institution between January 1, 2005, and October 8, 2010, and selected for analysis only patients who had had a prior sternotomy. The outcome of patients who underwent a minimally invasive approach was compared with that of patients whose mitral surgery was performed through a standard median sternotomy. Results There were 88 patients with prior sternotomy, with 59 having minimally invasive surgery and 29 undergoing a repeat median sternotomy. Significant baseline differences (minimally invasive versus sternotomy, respectively) included the number of male patients (76% versus 45%, p = 0.003), prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (71% versus 45%, p = 0.02), prior valve surgery (47% versus 72%, p = 0.03), congestive heart failure (46% versus 76%, p = 0.008), and diabetes mellitus (34% versus 10%, p = 0.02). The in-hospital mortality and composite postoperative complications were 3% versus 14% ( p = 0.07) and 29% versus 66% ( p = 0.001) for the minimally invasive versus the median sternotomy group, respectively. The intensive care unit stay and hospital length of stay were 48 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 41 to 90) versus 118 hours (IQR, 67 to 167; p p = 0.001), for the minimally invasive and median sternotomy groups, respectively. Conclusions Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery in patients who have had a prior sternotomy is associated with improved postoperative outcomes and reduced resource utilization, when compared with a median sternotomy approach.
Lateralized processes constrain auditory reinforcement in human newborns

We investigated operant sucking response learning in human newborns. Auditory reinforcers always occurred monaurally to see whether their potency differed between ears. Experiment 1 – we controlled the reinforcers, either intrauterine heartbeat sounds or unfamiliar speech, while infants chose which ear received it. Experiment 2 – we controlled the reinforcers and the receiving ear. Unfamiliar speech reinforced learning only if infants could use their right ear and heartbeats reinforced learning only if infants could use their left ear. Experiment 3 – we controlled the ear while infants chose between their mothers’ vs. a stranger’s voice and between their mothers’ vs. a foreign language. The more familiar speech reinforced learning only if infants could use their left ear. We proposed reinforcers’ potencies differed between ears because the newborn’s auditory system, just like adult’s, optimizes their perceptual clarity by left-lateralized processing of their rapid temporal variations and right-lateralized processing of their longer-lasting spectral characteristics.
The Nutrient Balance Hypothesis: Peptides, Sympathetic Activity, and Food Intake

Food intake can be increased or decreased after either central or peripheral administration of peptides. Galanin, neuropeptide Y, opioid peptides, growth hormone releasing hormone and desacetyl-MSH increase food intake whereas insulin, glucagon, cholecystokinin, anorectin, corticotropin releasing hormone, neurotensin, bombesin, enterostatin, cyclo-his-pro and thyrotropin-releasing hormone reduce food intake. A number of these peptides also affect the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The peptides which have been tested have a reciprocal effect on food intake and sympathetic activity. Opioids, NPY and GHRH, which increase food intake, decrease sympathetic activity. Conversely, peptides which reduce food intake, increase sympathetic activity, with glucagon, cholecystokinin, corticotropin releasing hormone, calcitonin, neurotensin and bombesin being examples, Several of these peptides also affect the intake of specific nutrients. Insulin reduces food intake in animals fed a high carbohydrate diet, but not when fed a high fat diet. Neuropeptide Y increases carbohydrate intake. Galanin and opioid peptides increase fat intake. Enterostatin and cyclo-His-Pro, on the other hand reduce fat intake. Glucagon decreases protein intake. The effect of peptides on the intake of specific nutrients suggests that peptides may work in part by modulating basic feeding mechanisms to lead to the selection of specific nutrients from the diet. This hypothesis might be called a nutrient specific model of peptide-induced food intake.
Room temperature creep of borsic-aluminum composites

Creep of aluminum reinforced with continuous Borsic filaments has been investigated at 27°C. Composites having filaments oriented 0, 0±45, 0±60, 0±90, ±45, and 90 deg with respect to the tensile axis were tested for times up to 100 h. Creep tests were also performed on unreinforced aluminum and on the Borsic filaments. Creep in the Borsic filaments and in composites having filaments parallel to the direction of loading followed a logarithmic time law. The unreinforced aluminum matrix crept following a logarithmic time law only at low stresses and for relatively short times. Composite creep was compared with that in the matrix and filaments by taking into account the effect of load transfer due to relaxation of the matrix. Time dependent failure of composites having some filaments parallel to the load direction was observed only at creep stresses near the tensile fracture stress. The ±45 and 90 deg composites exhibited deviations from logarithmic creep behavior similar to that of the unreinforced matrix. However, the presence of the filaments influenced the magnitude of the load-on strain and the creep rate, particularly in the 90 deg orientation.
Differential effects of dioctanoylglycerol on fibronectin localization in normal, partially transformed, and malignant human endometrial stromal cells.

Abstract In this study, we describe the effects of direct activation of PKC by dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8) on cellular morphology and the localization of fibronectin (Fn) in normal, oncogene-transfected, and malignant human endometrial stromal cells. We questioned whether DiC8, an endogenous specific activator of PKC, would function as a second oncogene in partially transformed human endometrial stromal cells (HESC). Cells utilized were (1) normal HESC, (2) HESC transfected with a plasmid containing an origin-defective temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen alone or (3) in combination with an EJ ras oncogene, and (4) an endometrial sarcoma cell line (S7). Cell cultures were treated for 1 h with sn-dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8) and stained with a monoclonal fluorescein-labeled anti-Fn antibody. In normal HESC, DiC8 induced cell rounding and caused Fn localization to revert from the perinuclear region to the cell periphery. All experiments in this investigation were performed when cells were maintained at the permissive temperature for SV40 large T antigen function. In HESC expressing the SV40 large T antigen alone, Fn was localized to the perinuclear region and also occurred as parallel strands between cells. When these cells were treated with DiC8, Fn localization changed to intense punctate regions at the cell periphery or to matrix-like patterns between cells. Also, in these cells, DiC8 induced greater detachment of cells from the substrate than from other cells, resulting in an apparent piling up of cells. Control and treated SV40/EJ ras cells and uterine sarcoma cells expressed Fn in a matrix-like pattern between cells. The rounded cellular morphology of treated HESC and treated cells expressing SV40 resembled the morphology of control or treated SV40/ EJ ras cells and uterine sarcoma cells. Thus, treated cells expressing the SV40 large T antigen resembled the SV40/EJ ras cells and uterine sarcoma cells with respect to Fn localization and cellular morphology. DiC8 did not appear to further transform HESC expressing SV40 and EJ ras. However, with regard to cell shape and Fn localization, our results suggest that DiC8 may function as a second oncogene in the signal transduction pathway, in cells expressing SV40 alone. It appears that, with regard to Fn localization, DiC8 may alter signal transduction analogously to that caused by the activated Ha-ras oncogene in HESC expressing the SV40 large T antigen.
Green chemistry with nanocatalysts

Nano matter is expected to be a fruitful area for green chemistry catalysis due the increasing ability to design in the nano state and the high surface areas found in nano materials. Nanocatalysts are esteemed as materials of enormous surface areas and with new research, developments may offer expanding catalytic capabilities. The iron catalyst BASF-S6-10 has recently been developed for application in the Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis process. With a surface area of 20 m/g, the catalyst is deployed as nanometer-sized particles containing reduced iron oxide in a framework of Al2O3 and CaO to stabilize the catalyst against agglomerization.
Hormone Release by Islet B Cell-Enriched and A and D Cell-Enriched Populations Prepared by Flow Cytometry

Dispersed pancreatic islet cells were analyzed for their low forward angle light scatter using flow cytometry. The cells produced a distinct light scatter pattern which appeared to be a function of cell size and not cell granularity. RIA of hormone content of cells collected from different regions of the pattern revealed that glucagon- and somatostatin-containing cells were concentrated in regions of lower scatter intensity and that insulin-containing cells were more numerous in regions of higher intensity. Relative to the original cell suspension, these preparations were enriched 3-fold in glucagon and somatostatin content and 6-fold in insulin content. The function of intact islets, unsorted dispersed cells, and sorted dispersed cells was examined before and after 4 days of culture. Before culture, all of the dispersed cell populations had elevated basal secretion compared with intact islets and did not respond to stimulatory concentrations of glucose, arginine, or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. After culture for 4 days, basal secretion fell, and responsiveness returned. In both the A/D cell-enriched and the B cell-enriched cultured populations, the percentage of single cells was approximately 95%. The insulin release patterns from these populations were similar to those from intact islets and unsorted dispersed cells. Glucagon release from all of the dispersed cell populations far exceeded that from intact islets. This study suggests that the structural organization of islets influences A cell function, but a clear influence upon B cell function has not been demonstrated.
The effect of aging on the immune response : influence of phosphatidylcholine-containing lipid on IgD-receptor expression and antibody formation

It was reported previously that IgD-receptors (IgD-R) are expressed on both CD4+ and CD8+ human T cells and CD4+ murine T cells after exposure to oligomeric IgD, certain cytokines, or various pharmacological agents, as shown by rosetting with IgD-coated erythrocytes. Enhancement of antibody production is observed in mice after injection of oligomeric IgD and is mediated by these IgD-R+ T cells, while injection of monomeric IgD inhibits both IgD-R upregulation and augmentation of antibody responses induced by simultaneously injected oligomeric IgD. The effects of oligomeric IgD on IgD-R upregulation are lacking in aged mice. However, the oligomeric IgD induced enhanced antibody production can be transferred to aged mice with IgD-R+ T cells from young donors suggesting that the environment of the aged mouse supports the effector function of IgD-R+ T cells. We now report, in addition, that exposure to phosphatidylcholine (PC) and a PC-containing lipid mixture, AL721, is effective in causing IgD-R upregulation on T cells from both young and aged mice, and young humans. This effect can also be demonstrated in mice in vivo after administration of AL721. Moreover, this agent causes a two-fold enhancement of antibody production, as measured by PFC/spleen, to 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl(acetyl)-Brucella abortus (NIP-BA) and NIP-horse red blood cells (RBC) in young and aged mice. There is no difference in the baseline membrane fluidity of lymphocytes from aged and young mice. Although PC causes an increase in membrane fluidity of lymphocytes from both young and old mice, and from humans, this effect on fluidity is not prevented by a protein kinase inhibitor, while PC's effect on IgD-R upregulation is prevented by the inhibitor. Moreover, no correlation was observed between IgD-R upregulation and membrane fluidity changes induced by AL721 administered in vivo. To evaluate the role of IgD-R induction in the augmentation of antibody production by phospholipids, the effect of monomeric IgD was investigated. The augmenting effect of AL721 on antibody production was prevented by a single injection of monomeric IgD at the time of antigen administration. We conclude that (1) PC-containing lipid mixtures are effective in enhancing antibody production in aged mice, (2) induction of IgD-R is responsible for the augmenting effects of AL721 on antibody production, and (3) monomeric IgD not only blocks the upregulation of IgD-R, as shown previously, but also the augmenting effect of previously upregulated IgD-R on T cells by preventing their interaction with surface IgD+ B cells.
Future evaluation of antiarrhythmic therapy

The expansion of antiarrhythmic therapy beyond pharmacologic agents to include surgery, devices, and ablation procedures, plus the reaffirmation by the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) of the need for concurrent placebo-controlled trials to establish a mortality benefit, have resulted in the need to consider the requirements for evaluating therapy. Pharmacologic therapy may be used in three ways: (1) primary; (2) alternative; and (3) adjunctive. To accurately identify a mortality benefit from primary therapy, a placebo-controlled study is necessary. In contrast, control of symptoms may be identified without the same rigorous demands. Current data are limited by the absence of true negative controls for most interventions that claim a possible mortality benefit. Alternative therapy provides a choice between equally effective therapies, neither of which has necessarily been documented to have a mortality benefit. Adjunctive therapy is that which is used for control of symptoms, whereas another therapy is used to provide a presumed or proved mortality benefit. For any of these approaches, therapy must be further evaluated in terms of four modifying variables: (1) impact of therapy on the basis of both its efficacy and efficiency; (2) interpretation of outcome data based on analysis of competing risks; (3) measurement of efficacy in terms of extension of life; and (4) analysis of outcome as the equilibrium between antiarrhythmic benefit and proarrhythmic risk. With these approaches a rational analysis of the effect of therapy and its cost-based benefit can be achieved.
Pentacarbonyltungsten complexes of cis- and trans-Azoiscopropane. Azo ligand geometry effects on the formation and properties of organometallic complexes

Abstract A pair of azo ligand complexes W(CO)5L (L = cis- or trans-azoisopropane) are reported in which ligand geometry is the only structural difference. The properties and particularly the difference in dynamical behavior of the complexes is disccused.
Embryotoxic effects of salicylates: Role of biotransformation☆

Abstract The three major metabolites of salicylate, o-hydroxyhippurate (salicylglycine, salicyluric acid), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (gentisic acid), and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, were examined for their capacities to elicit dysmorphogenesis, embryolethality, and growth retarding effects in an embryo culture system. The effects were compared with those produced by the parent salicylate. At the highest concentrations tested (1.9 m m ), none of the three metabolites produced significant increases in the number of malformed embryos or in embryolethality. At the same concentration, all three agents reduced crown-rump lengths and somite numbers slightly but significantly (p
Inducible ventricular flutter and fibrillation predict for arrhythmia occurrence in coronary artery disease patients presenting with syncope of unknown origin.

Ventricular Fibrillation and Syncope.Introduction: Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter (cycle length ≤230 msec) induced at electrophysiologic studies are thought to be nonspecific findings in patients presenting with syncope of unknown origin. However, there are limited data on the prognosis of these patients in long-term follow-up. Methods and Results: We followed 274 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease presenting with syncope or presyncope who underwent electrophysiologic studies from January 1992 to June 1999 and assessed the risk of subsequent arrhythmias stratified by the electrophysiologic result at the time of their presentation with syncope. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 23 patients (8%); ventricular flutter in 24 (9%), sustained ventricular tachycardia in 41 (15%); and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia 42 (15%). In 37 ± 25 months of follow-up, there have been ventricular arrhythmias in 34 patients, including 3 (13%) of 23 who had induced ventricular fibrillation, and 7 (30%) of 24 with induced ventricular flutter, compared to 13 (32%) of 41 with sustained ventricular tachycardia, 7 (17%) of 42 with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and only 4 (3%) of 144 noninducible patients (P < 0.001 for induced ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter vs noninducible patients). The inducibility of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter were independent risk factors for arrhythmia occurrence in follow-up. Conclusion: Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter induced at electrophysiologic studies have prognostic significance for arrhythmia occurrence in patients presenting with syncope. These induced arrhythmias may not be as nonspecific as previously thought and treatment should be considered for these patients.
Lack of efficacy of thickened feeding as treatment for gastroesophageal reflux

The efficacy of thickened feedings for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in infancy was evaluated. Fifty-two infants were examined with prolonged pH monitoring of the distal esophagus after feedings of apple juice or apple juice thickened with rice cereal. All infants had a minimum of three feedings of both thickened and unthickened juice. The recordings of distal esophageal pH were analyzed for the percent of time the pH was
A two-phased heuristic for relation-based item location

Relation-based item storage approach based on an actual warehouse environment.Item relationships and order characteristics integrated in item slotting generation.Linear placement approach is adapted to create the Minimum Delay Algorithm.Developed algorithm capable of solving industrial sized problems. The order picking process contributes to the majority of warehouse operation cost due to its high labour content. Improving the picking process begins with the item assignment policy, which allocates items to storage locations. This paper deals with the case where multiple orders/batches contain multiple items that can be picked together in a single route. The concept of linear placement, initially proposed in computer science for designing circuit boards, is adapted to create the "Minimum Delay Algorithm (MDA)" that considers item relationships and order characteristics to generate an item storage layout. The method seeks to minimize the total walking distance of order pickers. MDA was evaluated against other methods (linear placement CLP, Cube-per-Order Index, and Interaction-Frequency-Heuristic) with respect to 30 cases, ranging from small test cases up to a real industrial scenario.
Link budget analysis for 350 GHz communication link

Communication systems in the free band beyond 300 GHz are of interest for short distance communication. To assess the feasibility of such a communication system, a realistic link budget analysis is needed. Such link budget analyses have been conducted before based on TDS (optical) measurements and theoretical loss models. For this work, we present a more realistic link budget analysis based on the measurement of transmission losses using all electronic Tx-Rx system, operating from 325 to 500 GHz. It is well known that most losses in a THz communication are in free-space propagation channel between the transmitter and receiver. It is therefore essential to more accurately characterize these losses. To do so, we used a VDI Tx/Rx frequency extender system operating at 325 - 500 GHz generated from vector network analyzer. Using such a system, we characterized total link losses including combined effect of absorption losses, free-space losses, antennas losses and misalignment losses. A log linear model for the propagation was then constructed using linear regression analysis. Using the link characterization from these measurements, a communication link using commercially available WR-2.8 mixer and WR-5.1 frequency tripler devices (VDI) was simulated at 350 GHz in AWR-VSS/MATLAB. We conclude that, achievable data-rate of 20 Mbps is possible at a transmission distance of 8.5 m. However, data-rates upto 1 Gbps are possible using the dielectric lenses with the Tx and Rx antennas. Our estimates demonstrated that previously predicted link budgets are optimistic for an all-electronic system (using currently available components). Also, to maintain multi-Gbit link, high gain antenna structures would likely be required. At the conference, we will present the required antenna gains for longer link distances. This study will also explore various possible antenna choices to enhance antenna gains for such applications.
A sweeter life for diabetics

Monitoring blood glucose is a painful ritual for diabetics. Now, however, noninvasive measurement is possible (pages 1198–1201).
Study of the mutability of d lines of polioviruses.

Abstract Various d lines of poliovirus give rise to mutants with an efficiency of plating under low bicarbonate agar (eop-ac) more similar to that of wild type virus. These “reverse” mutants are produced during the growth of d virus under conditions in which they are not selected for as shown by fluctuation tests carried out according to Luria and Delbruck. The mutation frequency at which these mutants are produced is of the order of 2–3 × 10 −5 per particle per duplication. “High efficiency” d lines with an eop-ac > 10 −5 revert, probably in a single step, to virus having the same eop-ac as wild type ( d + ) virus. “Low efficiency” d lines with an eop-ac −5 give rise to mutants with an eop-ac smaller than that of the corresponding wild type virus. In this case, mutants with an eop-ac nearer but not equal to that of wild type virus can be obtained by successive reversion steps.
Waves from blasts recorded in Southern California

Records of five atomic explosions in Nevada and of a quarry blast of about 120,000 pounds of Dupont Nitramon at Corona, California, are investigated. The resulting travel times through the ground are combined with similar data reported previously. At a given station, records of different explosions near the same locality show great similarity. The following average velocities of longitudinal waves in Southern California are found: 5.9 km/sec below the sediments; a gradual or sudden increase to about 6.5km/sec near a depth of 6 km, and to about 6.9 km/sec near 10 km; about 8.2 km/sec below the Mohorovicic discontinuity at a depth of 35 to 40 km. A “low-velocity layer” somewhere in the depth interval between 15 and 30 km has been inferred from earthquake data. This may prevent the finding of velocities from blast records for this depth range. No clear phase corresponding to in earthquake records is observed in blast records. This is to be expected if is a wave traveling along a low-velocity channel approximately at the depth of foci of shallow earthquakes. The velocity of shear waves below the sediments is about 3.6 km/sec. Waves with such an apparent velocity recorded at distances between about 150 and over 400 km are possibly surface waves. Shear waves are usually relatively small in explosions. The recorded waves through the air include the direct sound waves, various types of waves with their highest points near 40 or 50 km, and waves with considerably longer travel times which have reached or passed through the low-velocity layer near 80-km elevation.
The “Eager Gaze of the Tourist” Meets “Our Grandfathers' Guns”: Producing and Contesting the Land of Enchantment in Gallup, New Mexico:

In this paper I explore connections between representational and material space as expressed in conflicts over ethnic tourism in the American Southwest. Using the case of Gallup, New Mexico, I first examine how a specific regional discourse was embodied in a plan to create a National Indian Memorial Park. In this discourse, space is rendered a quaint ‘Land of Enchantment’. In the remainder of the paper, I discuss attempts by American Indian activists to challenge this production of space through various material and representational efforts. The outcome of these efforts is reflected in the resulting space produced, and illustrates some of the complex spatial politics around ethnic tourism.
The epidemiologist's responsibilities to study participants.

Abstract Epidemiologists and health survey statisticians must be aware of their many responsibilities to study participants during all phases of the investigation. Safeguards for the subjects' welfare and privacy must be considered during the planning of the study, recruitment of participants, conducting the interviews or examinations, maintaining the records, and analyzing and disseminating the information. In order to achieve maximum participation and candor of study respondents, the importance and purposes of the study and the safeguards for protecting the respondents' privacy and minimizing risks must be clearly explained. All staff must be carefully trained as to their responsibilities for protecting the privacy and safety for the participants. Adherence to these principles will promote the collection and dissemination of quality data while minimizing the risks and burdens to study participants.
Clinical Issues in Treating Somatoform Disorders for Couple Therapists

Although somatic symptoms have no clear medical etiology, they commonly present in primary care practices and have become a financial burden in healthcare due to unnecessary medical exams, medications, and surgeries. Despite repeated medical intervention, somatoform disorders are chronic conditions that perplex patients, their partners, families, and primary care providers. This article provides an overview of somatoform disorders and offers a relational paradigm to understand the maintenance of somatic symptoms in couple relationships. We suggest that couple therapists are in a unique position to collaborate with primary care providers to manage somatic patients. A case example is provided, along with caveats for couple therapy and directions for future research.
Scaling of x-ray K-shell sources from laser-solid interactions

The application of x-ray sources to imaging of dense objects is a standard technique. The quality of the x-ray image depends both on the x-ray source wavelength and on the flux. To improve the flux of the x-ray source it is important to understand how the conversion efficiency scales with laser irradiance and target material. We present measurements of x-ray conversion efficiency in solid Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and Ge targets as a function of the laser irradiance using the OMEGA laser facility. The results show a steep decrease in the conversion efficiency with increasing Z while the scaling of conversion efficiency with laser irradiance can show a peak. Values for x-ray yield are determined using time-integrated crystal spectrometer data.
On an exact starting expression for macromolecular hydrodynamic models

A calculational method developed by G. K. Youngren and A. Acrivos [J. Fluid Mech.75, 377 (1975)] expresses the fluid forces exerted over the surface of an immersed body in terms of differences between body and fluid motions. As opposed to bead-model approaches, this method starts from an essentially exact hydrodynamic expression, and therefore should be of particular interest to those workers trying to obtain accurate coefficients needed to characterize the diffusive and viscoelastic behavior of macromolecules with complex shapes. However, Youngren and Acrivos's treatment has not been widely adopted nor even used as a proper starting place for higher order bead-model methods. This is probably related to the unfamiliar appearance of their exact expression, which involves two surface integral terms as opposed to the single summation involved in bead models. We show that their expression may be rewritten in the expected analogous form involving one surface integral term whenever stick boundary conditions are applied to a rigid body or a flexible body composed of rigid segments. For spherical segments, we obtain Rotne–Prager-type bead-model results by following typical assumptions. Extensions to deformable particles are considered, in which internal friction can be represented by an arbitrarily viscous internal fluid.
Advances in assessment methods for fire safety

Abstract In this paper, the term ‘assessment method’ implies a broad class of standardized experiments which are used in the process of evaluating the fire safety of materials, products or systems. A subset of methods exists which has traditionally been referred to as ‘fire tests’. A brief history of full-scale and bench-scale fire tests is presented. A framework for evaluating the fire performance of building elements, assemblies, contents or materials is described and used to discuss the recent advances in fire tests. The role of fire scenarios is discussed in the context of assessment methods. The continuing theme throughout the paper is the impact of the oxygen depletion method of measuring the rate of heat release, one of the most important advances in the assessment of fire safety during the past 15 years. Corner tests of wall coverings including the effects of changing ‘stand off’ distance between ignition source and the wall of a corner test are discussed. Representative data from a series of different experiments are given to illustrate the use of corner tests. A concept of the critical ignition energy to cause propagation is introduced.
Structuring an undergraduate accounting information systems course: Alternate strategies

Abstract Enrollments in the basic undergraduate accounting information systems course are rapidly increasing. Paralleling this growth is the increasing growth in degree programs in management information systems or business information systems. Hence many schools of business offer a variety of information systems courses to their undergraduate students, including accounting students. This paper considers the alternate strategies in structuring an undergraduate accounting systems course (1) when accounting majors complete systems-related courses prior to completion of the accounting systems course and (2) when accounting majors do not complete any other systems-related courses. Results of a study suggest that the latter approach presently dominates in the accounting community, i.e. accounting majors complete a general purpose as opposed to a specific-purpose accounting systems course. Accordingly, this paper presents a suggested outline for a general-purpose systems course.
Nephroblastoma overexpressed (Nov) induces gremlin in ST‐2 stromal cell lines by post‐transcriptional mechanisms

Nephroblastoma overexpressed (Nov) inhibits osteoblastogenesis in part because it binds bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. In the present study, we investigated whether Nov regulated the expression of the BMP antagonist gremlin. Overexpression of Nov increased gremlin mRNA levels in ST-2 cells, and its downregulation by RNA interference decreased gremlin mRNA. Nov did not affect Grem1 transcription, but prolonged the half-life of gremlin mRNA in ST-2 cells, demonstrating that Nov acts by post-transcriptional mechanisms. This was confirmed by demonstrating that downregulation of Nov destabilizes gremlin transcripts. To assess whether the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of gremlin mRNA mediated the effect of Nov, the decay of a chimeric cfos gremlin 3′-UTR construct was compared to that of cfos in ST-2 cells. The presence of the gremlin 3′-UTR prolonged the half-life of cfos and was responsible for the effect of Nov. To examine the binding of the gremlin 3′-UTR to ribonucleoproteins, radiolabeled gremlin RNA fragments were incubated with cytosolic extracts from Nov overexpressing and control cells. RNA electrophoretic mobility analysis revealed that Nov enhanced the binding of cytosolic proteins to the fragments spanning the 3′-UTR of gremlin between bases 1,358–1,557 and 1,158–1,357 from the transcriptional start. Mutations of AU-rich elements in these two RNA fragments prevented the formation of RNA–protein complexes induced by Nov. Nov did not alter the binding of cytosolic extracts to sequences present in the 5′-UTR or coding region of gremlin. In conclusion, Nov stabilizes gremlin transcripts, and this effect is possibly mediated by AU-rich elements present in the 3′-UTR of gremlin. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 715–722, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Emergent evolutionism, determinism and unpredictability

The fact that there exist in nature thoroughly deterministic systems whose future behavior cannot be predicted, no matter how advanced or fined-tune our cognitive and technical abilities turn out to be, has been well established over the last decades or so, essentially in the light of two different theoretical frameworks, namely chaos theory and (some deterministic interpretation of) quantum mechanics. The prime objective of this paper is to show that there actually exists an alternative strategy to ground the divorce between determinism and predictability, a way that is older than – and conceptually independent from – chaos theory and quantum mechanics, and which has not received much attention in the recent philosophical literature about determinism. This forgotten strategy – embedded in the doctrine called “emergent evolutionism” – is nonetheless far from being a mere historical curiosity that should only draw the attention of philosophers out of their concern for comprehensiveness. It has been indeed recently revived in the works of respected scientists.
Ultrasonic spectrometry study of the influence of temperature on whey protein aggregation

Abstract Ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy was used to investigate the influence of pre-treatment temperature on the formation of pH-induced particulate aggregates in aqueous native and alkaline-denatured whey protein solutions. Ultrasonic attenuation spectra (1–150 MHz) of 2.5 wt.% whey protein solutions were measured over a pH range of 2–12 using whey solutions, which were previously heated at temperatures ranging from 30 to 90°C. There was a large temperature dependent increase in attenuation around the isoelectric point of the proteins (pH 3–5.5), which was caused by scattering of ultrasound by increased protein aggregation. A maximum in attenuation was observed at 80°C. The particle size distribution and concentration of the aggregates was determined using ultrasonic scattering theory. A loss of large particles (∼10 μm) was detected upon heating. Ultrasonic spectroscopy was shown to be a valuable tool for studying aggregation of proteins in solution.
Proof of D. J. Newman's coprime mapping conjecture

In this paper we proveTheorem 1. If N is a natural number and I is an interval of N consecutive integers, then there is a 1–1 correspondencef: {1, 2,…, N} → I such that (i, f(i)) = 1 for 1 ≤ i ≤ N.
Parallel processor scheduling with delay constraints

We consider the problem of scheduling unit-length jobs on identical parallel machines such that the makespan of the resulting schedule is minimized. Precedence constraints impose a partial order on the jobs, and both communication and precedence delays impose relative timing constraints on dependent jobs. The combination of these two types of timing constraints naturally models the instruction scheduling problem that occurs during software compilation for state-of-the-art VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) processors and multiprocessor parallel machines.We present the first known polynomial-time algorithm for the case where the precedence constraint graph is a forest of in-trees (or a forest of out-trees), the number of machines m is fixed, and the delays (which are a function of both the job pair and the machines on which they run) are bounded by a constant D.Our algorithm relies on a new structural theorem for scheduling jobs with arbitrary precedence constraints. Given an instance with many independent dags, the theorem shows how to convert, in linear time, a schedule S for only the largest dags into a complete schedule that is either optimal or has the same makespan as S.
Return on investment from employment of community health workers.

CommunityHealthWorkers(CHWs)aregainingacceptanceintheUShealthcaresystem, but have been subject to challenges as to their "cost-effectiveness." This situation is shifting, with a growing body of published evidence as to the effectiveness of CHWs, but much of the evidence of cost savings from employing CHWs is still unpublished. Return on investment analysis for CHWs must consider a range of possible CHW roles and stakeholder points of view. Current trends suggest we may be entering a new era of acceptance in which a generally lower threshold of evidence is required in proposing the employment of CHWs. Key words: community health worker, cost-effectiveness, health care reform, return on investment