cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-D-Ribonucleoside Prevents Leucine-Stimulated Protein Synthesis in Rat Skeletal Muscle

Several stress conditions are characterized by activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the development of leucine resistance in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we determined whether direct activation of the AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR) prevents the characteristic leucine-induced increase in protein synthesis by altering mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal transduction. Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal). Efficacy of AICAR was verified by increased AMPK phosphorylation. AICAR decreased basal in vivo muscle (gastrocnemius) protein synthesis and completely prevented the leucine-induced increase, independent of a change in muscle adenine nucleotide concentration. AICAR also prevented the hyperphosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), S6, and eIF4G in response to leucine, suggesting a decrease in mTOR activity. Moreover, AICAR prevented the leucine-induced redistribution of eIF4E from the inactive eIF4E.4E-BP1 to the active eIF4E.eIF4G complex. This ability of AICAR to produce muscle leucine resistance could not be attributed to a change in phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, the formation of a TSC1.TSC2 complex, the binding of raptor with mTOR, or the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2. However, the inhibitory actions of AICAR were associated with reduced phosphorylation of proline-rich Akt substrate-40 and increased phosphorylation of raptor, which represent potential mechanisms by which AICAR might be expected to inhibit leucine-induced increases in mTOR activity and protein synthesis under in vivo conditions.
Identifying and locating pharmacist certificate programs, traineeships, and certification agencies

Abstract Objective To provide a list of available certification and certificate programs that can be completed to enhance or validate pharmacists’ knowledge and skills in the treatment of specific diseases. Data sources Medline/PubMed searched using the terms “pharmacist” and “certification” or “pharmacist” and “credentialing”; Web sites of national pharmacy organizations. Data synthesis No information was found in Medline/PubMed about the value of certification or certificate programs for pharmacists. A comprehensive, but not exclusive, list of pharmacist certificate programs, traineeships, and certifications available is provided, as well as guidance on where to find information about such programs. Conclusion Pharmacists have many opportunities for training in specialized areas that can broaden their knowledge and skills to improve patient care, provide credentialing for reimbursement, and advance their professional status.
The Characteristics and Distribution of Marine Bacteria Isolated from the Indian OCEAN1

During the eighth cruise of the RV Anton Bruun in the Indian Ocean, bacteria were collected from water, mud, fish, shark, and one island. The marine samples were collected from depths ranging from 100 to 3,050 m. A total of 127 isolates was classified to genus and the physiological response of the cultures to 17 diagnostic tests was related to their source. The physiological test response of the isolates, regardless of genus, was more highly correlated with the source of the cultures than were the genera as such.
The probability of detecting infections with Enterobius vermicularis by successive examinations.

Summary A total of 1,842 cellulose tape preparations were collected on six consecutive days from 307 patients in a mental institution. The findings indicate that a single examination is not relaable for the detection of infections with Enterobius vermicularis . A lower efficiency in demonstrating infections by single examinations was obtained among groups with a lower prevalence. The differences in demonstrability in groups with varying incidences and intensities of infection largely disappeared after the third daily examination and the results, consequently, were directly comparable. It is believed that a system of six consecutive examinations reveals a high and consistent proportion of the existing infections.
Observing the solar corona with a tunable Fabry-Perot filter

A solid Fabry-Perot etalon with a 0.16 Å passband was used during the 180 s solar eclipse of 2006 for rapid scans of an emission line of the solar corona. The etalon was a Y-cut lithium niobate wafer coated with reflective and conductive (ITO) layers. Voltage applied perpendicular to the etalon face produced a passband shift of 0.0011 Å V^−1. During the eclipse, 18 filtergrams were obtained at six 0.22 Å steps across the profile of the forbidden [Fe X] spectral emission line at 6374.4 Å, which results from the 106 K coronal plasma. The 9.3×9.3 arcmin field of view showed the structure of the corona above a newly emerged sunspot region. We discuss tests performed on the etalon before and after the eclipse. We also discuss the coronal observations, which show some features with 10 km s^−1 velocities in the line of sight.
Trichinella spiralis: Alterations of blood chemistry in the mouse

Abstract Alterations in host blood chemistry during mouse trichinosis were studied. Mice infected with Trichinella spiralis showed depressions in serum glucose, serum pyruvate, serum total cholesterol, serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum total proteins, serum total globulin, uric acid, albumin, and A/G ratio below levels found in uninfected animals. The concentrations of serum lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum creatine phosphokinase in infected mice were above that of uninfected mice. Hemoglobin, packed-cell volume (Hematocrit), creatinine, and calcium were at similar levels in infected and uninfected mice. These changes are discussed in terms of primary pathophysiologic lesions occurring in the gut and muscles of the trichinous host.
Recall for words as a function of semantic, graphic, and syntactic orienting tasks.

Two word lists were prepared for recall experiments. One consisted of moderately associated word pairs, the other of unrelated words. Each list was presented to 11 different groups of subjects (22 groups in all). The control group was simply instructed to remember the words; five groups performed orienting tasks but were not informed that they would have to recall the words; five groups performed the tasks and were informed about subsequent recall. Two orienting tasks required that subjects process the meaning of the words; two tasks required syntactic processing; and one task required processing the orthography of the word. Semantic tasks yielded much greater recall and greater organization of recall than the nonsemantic tasks. Intention to learn was important only with the associated list. Results were discussed in terms of processes involved in tasks rather than responses involved in tasks.
Bupropion differentially alters the aversive, locomotor and rewarding properties of nicotine in CD-1 mice

The present experiments determined the effects of bupropion on the motivational (aversive and rewarding) and locomotor properties of nicotine in CD-1 mice. Preliminary experiments determined effective nicotine doses (0.1-2.0 mg/kg) to produce a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) or conditioned place preference (CPP; Experiments 1a and 2a, respectively). Mice were administered vehicle or bupropion (1-20 mg/kg) followed by vehicle or nicotine after drinking saccharin during CTA training (Experiment 1b). Mice were administered vehicle or bupropion (1-20 mg/kg) 15 (Experiment 2b) or 30 (Experiment 2c) minutes (min) prior to vehicle or nicotine during CPP training. The two highest nicotine doses produced CTAs and a moderate nicotine dose (0.4 mg/kg) produced a CPP. Bupropion dose-dependently blocked nicotine CTA. For the 15-min pretreatment interval, bupropion dose-dependently increased locomotor activity and produced CPPs when administered alone; whereas for the 30-min pretreatment interval, only the highest bupropion dose increased locomotor activity and produced a CPP. However, bupropion failed to alter nicotine CPP and the co-administration of bupropion and nicotine did not increase locomotor activity more so than when bupropion was administered alone regardless as to the pretreatment interval. Thus, bupropion selectively altered the aversive properties of nicotine in CD-1 mice.
Photoluminescence and laser-irradiation effect of siloxene compound

Abstract The electronic structure of siloxene has been suggested recently to be the origin of the visible luminescence of porous Si. We study photoluminescence characteristics from siloxene compound under different laser-irradiation, ambient-gas, temperature and vacuum conditions. We find that some spectral characteristics are different from those of porous Si. Especially, we observed a decrease in the luminescence intensity during laser irradiation and a partial recovery with annealing at proper temperatures, which is similar to the Staebler-Wronski effect involving dangling-bond generation in amorphous Si.
Real School: a universal drama amid disparate experience

(1989). Real School: a universal drama amid disparate experience. Journal of Education Policy: Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 75-91.
Part II: A ospective DSM-III study of 100 consecutive somatization patients

Abstract In this study the authors defined somatization and prospectively studied the prevalence of somatizing patients referred to a psychiatric consultation service. Included are the demographic characteristics and five-axis DSM-III diagnoses of 100 consecutive somatizing patients. A comparison of these patients was made to a control group (N = 161) of nonsomatizing patients also referred for consultation. There were significantly more patients with depression, panic disorder, personality disorders and psychophysiologic illness in the somatization patient sample and significantly more patients with schizophrenia, manic depressive illness, organic brain syndromes, adjustment disorder and serious medical illness in the non-somatization control group. Age, sex, and DSM-III axes IV and V did not significantly differentiate the two groups. The role of somatization as a process as distinguished from a DSM-III somatoform disorder is discsssed, and the importance of somatic symptoms as they relate to an underlying mental disorder is reviewed.
Studies on the mechanism of axoplasmic transport in the crayfish cord.

Following the injection of 3H-leucine into a crayfish ganglion, tritiumlabeled proteins were detected remaining in the ganglion and moving at a slow linear rate caudad along the nerve cord. The rate of movement increased linearly with temperature between 5 and 20°C, but ceased at 3° C. The movement was also blocked for a distance around a colchicine-injected ganglion. Both of these observations would be compatible with the involvement of microtubules in slow axoplasmic transport. However, in both instances normal-appearing microtubules were observed by electron microscopy. Gel electropherograms of the denatured labeled proteins showed that the transported proteins are complex and may correspond to most of the axoplasmic proteins including the microtubules.
Toward a benchmark for distributed real-time sensor fusion for air traffic control

Given the overall increasing trend of airspace demand by commercial, military, and general aviation, researchers are developing new software tools to enhance the level of automation in air traffic control systems to alleviate the already-crowded airspace by allowing controllers and pilots more freedom in planning and conducting flights. These tools utilize high-performance commercial workstations that use high-speed networks and function together to form a distributed real-time computing system. As new equipment replaces legacy computer systems, new risks arise, specifically regarding their impact on performance, reliability, and security quality of service. Maintaining quality of service in distributed realtime systems is a significant research area of computer science involving designing and evaluating models and algorithms for specifying, monitoring, and maintaining performance, fault tolerance, and security requirements of applications. In order to evaluate such a design prior to deploying it on a real application, researchers use a benchmark to experimentally gauge its effects on a functional model of the application. This paper describes a three-dimensional air traffic control simulation benchmark developed by the author for the purpose of running simulations of air traffic scenarios, adding new capabilities, and gauging performance, security, and reliability quality of service management techniques on a variety of platforms
Chronic Administration of Etoposide in the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

The importance of schedule in the cytotoxic efficacy of etoposide is suggested by the mechanism of action and supported by clinical data in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. To further evaluate the effects of drug schedule, we studied the efficacy of oral etoposide 50 mg/m2 daily for 21 consecutive days, repeated every 28-35 days, in the treatment of refractory lymphoma. Twenty-five patients were treated; all had received previous chemotherapy and were considered incurable. Fifteen patients (60%) responded to treatment (14 partial responses, 1 complete response), including 5 of 9 patients who had received previous intravenous etoposide. Median response duration was 8 months in patients with low grade lymphoma and 3 months in those with intermediate or high grade lymphoma. The single complete responder remains disease-free 19 months after completion of therapy. Two patients responded to chronic oral etoposide immediately after progression on intravenous etoposide-containing regimens, demonstrating improved efficacy of the chronic schedule. Single agent etoposide, administered at this dose for 21 days, provides an effective and convenient treatment option for patients with indolent lymphoma. Incorporation of this etoposide schedule into combination regimens for aggressive lymphoma is currently under investigation, and preliminary results are reported. We are currently conducting a phase I study using low dose, continuous infusion etoposide (25 mg/m2/day). By avoiding high peak serum levels and maintaining a constant serum level of approximately 1 microgram/ml, we hope to retain efficacy and minimize or avoid myelotoxicity. Continuous infusion was continued for as long as tolerated. Blood counts were measured weekly, and therapy temporarily interrupted if WBC < 2000/microL developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The role of donor group orientation as a factor in metal ion recognition by ligands

Abstract Factors that control the metal ion complementarity of ligand architectures are described. These include cavity size, metal ion topography, and donor group orientation. Attention focuses on the last factor with a detailed discussion of how molecular mechanics has been used to investigate the role of donor group orientation in polyamine and polyether ligands.
Cardiovascular Genomics: A Biomarker Identification Pipeline

Genomic biomarkers are essential for understanding the underlying molecular basis of human diseases such as cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe a biomarker identification pipeline for cardiovascular disease, which includes 1) high-throughput genomic data acquisition, 2) preprocessing and normalization of data, 3) exploratory analysis, 4) feature selection, 5) classification, and 6) interpretation and validation of candidate biomarkers. We review each step in the pipeline, presenting current and widely used bioinformatics methods. Furthermore, we analyze several publicly available cardiovascular genomics datasets to illustrate the pipeline. Finally, we summarize the current challenges and opportunities for further research.
Quantum computing with Rydberg atoms

We give a brief overview of some basic concepts in quantum information processing, and discuss various systems considered to implement these ideas. We focus our attention on one particular system, ultracold Rydberg atoms, and show how the strong interaction between such atoms can be used to implement an universal quantum logic gate, namely a phase gate. We also describe how quantum information can be stored and manipulated in mesoscopic ensembles of such atoms. We present some experimental results on the effects of strong interactions between Rydberg atoms.
The 50Cr(3He, d)51Mn reaction

Abstract The reaction 50Cr(3He, d)51Mn has been investigated at 12.0 MeV bombarding energy using the MIT multiple-angle spectrograph. A DWBA analysis has been carried out on the angular-distribution data for 29 levels below 5.7 MeV of excitation to determine lp values and spectroscopic strengths. The transition to the 5 2 − ground state is compared with shell-model forbidden 5 2 − transitions to 47V, 51V,and 53Mn. The level structure of 51Mn is compared with shell-model calculations. The analogue-state transitions are compared with the 50Cr(d, p)51Cr results.
Static corrosion of niobium by molten uranium-chromium eutectic

Abstract The results of corrosion rate tests with molten uraniumchromium eutectic (95 wt % U-5 wt % Cr) contained in solid niobium under static conditions are presented. The eutectic was capsulated in 30 mil (0.76 mm) niobium crucibles and these in turn were sealed in Inconel containers for protection from oxidation. Corrosion measurements were made after the crucibles were tested for varying lengths of time at temperatures of 900, 950 and 1000° C. Photomicrographs of the diffusion band at the interface between the solid metal and the liquid metal were used to determine the corrosion mechanism. The rates of corrosion at the three test temperatures were determined by measuring the reduction in wall thickness. The rate of corrosion was found to be temperature and time dependent. The initial rates of corrosion were found to be high and to increase with increased temperature. The rapid decrease of the corrosion rates with time was attributed primarily to the corrosion mechanism. It was concluded that under static conditions molten uranium-chromium eutectic can be contained in niobium for short-term applications.
Crack limiting velocity

We address the question of how a dynamic crack can approach zero velocity. Continuum theories usually do not explicitly include the radiation of energy away from the crack tip. We show that its inclusion leads to the prediction of crack velocity that increases smoothly (though sharply) from zero. We then connect an older, simple model of crack propagation (``atoms on rails'') to a recently proposed single-particle model and show how the disappearance of lattice trapping leads to a smooth low-velocity limit.
Maternal height, pregnancy weight gain, and birthweight

The Institute of Medicine recommends that short women gain less weight during pregnancy than taller women in order to reduce the risk of high birthweight, which can lead to feto-pelvic disproportion. This recommendation, however, is based on clinical judgment rather than on epidemiologic evidence, as few studies have examined the relationships between maternal height, pregnancy weight gain, and infant birthweight. Our objective was to determine whether maternal height is an independent risk factor for infant birthweight and to assess whether maternal height modifies the effect of pregnancy weight gain on infant birthweight. We examined the relationship between maternal height and infant birthweight in a multi-ethnic cohort of 8,870 women with uncomplicated pregnancies who delivered singleton infants at the University of California, San Francisco, 1980-1990. Using multiple linear regression, we modeled the contribution of height and weight gain to birthweight in four different ethnic groups. Increasing maternal height was significantly and positively associated with infant birthweight in White, Black, and Asian women, but not Hispanic women. The relationship between pregnancy weight gain and infant birthweight was not modified by maternal height. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:682-687, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Comparison of Computed and Experimental Spectral Transmissions Through Haze

Spectral transmissions through haze are computed using meteorological observations to specify aerosol scattering and water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone absorption. The computed spectral transmissions are compared with the appropriate experimental transmissions to evaluate the degree to which a natural spectral transmission can be simulated by a computed spectral transmission. The comparison indicates that the dominant atmospheric attenuating parameter is the absolute distribution of aerosols.
Multiplicative bases, Gröbner bases, and right Gröbner bases

Abstract In this paper, we study conditions on algebras with multiplicative bases so that there is a Grobner basis theory. We introduce right Grobner bases for a class of modules. We give an elimination theory and intersection theory for right submodules of projective modules in path algebras. Solutions to homogeneous systems of linear equations with coefficients in a quotient of a path algebra are studied via right Grobner basis theory.
First Principles Simulations of the Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Water Using Hybrid Density Functionals

We show that first principles hybrid functional (PBE0) simulations of the infrared spectrum of liquid water yields a much better agreement with experimental results than a semilocal functional description; in particular, the quantitative accord with measured stretching and bending bands is very good. Such an improved description stems from two effects: a more accurate account, at the PBE0 level of theory, of the vibrational properties of the monomer and dimer and an underlying structural model for the liquid with a smaller number of hydrogen bonds and oxygen coordination than those obtained with semilocal functionals. The average electronic gap of the liquid is increased by 60% with respect to the PBE value, when computed at the PBE0 level of theory, and is in fair agreement with experimental results.
Technology and Manual‐Based Therapies

This article provides a commentary on “The Role of Instructional Design and Technology in the Dissemination of Empirically Supported, Manual-Based Psychothera-pies” presented by Weingardt in this issue. Weingardt uses instructional design and technology as a framework for discussing the dissemination of empirically supported therapies. In this commentary, I use Weingardt's framework and argue that treating patients is also “an instructional challenge” and use virtual reality exposure (VRE) therapy treatment as an example. Following their advantages, I conclude that (1) user-friendly design can improve acceptance and adoption; (2) dynamic, interactive design can improve learner engagement; (3) case-based presentations can provide realistic clinical context; (4) eclectic versus rule-governed implementation can be evaluated; (5) content can be reused; and (6) client self-study materials can be integrated with clinician training. I conclude that VR-assisted therapy and instructional design and technology as a framework for the dissemination of empirically supported therapies have great potential. Key words: virtual reality exposure therapy, virtual reality, manualized treatments.
Compressive blind source separation

The central goal of compressive sensing is to reconstruct a signal that is sparse or compressible in some basis using very few measurements. However reconstruction is often not the ultimate goal and it is of considerable interest to be able to deduce attributes of the signal from the measurements without explicitly reconstructing the full signal. This paper solves the blind source separation problem not in the high dimensional data domain, but in the low dimensional measurement domain. It develops a Bayesian inference framework that integrates hidden Markov models for sources with compressive measurement. Posterior probabilities are calculated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. Simulation results are provided for one-dimensional signals and for two-dimensional images, where hidden Markov tree models of the wavelet coefficients are considered. The integrated Bayesian framework is shown to outperform standard approaches where the mixtures are separated in the data domain.
Effect of excitation position of a handheld shaker on fruit removal efficiency and damage in mechanical harvesting of sweet cherry

As labour cost keeps rising and labour availability remains increasingly uncertain, growers are seeking mechanical harvesting solutions for fresh-market tree fruit production. To fulfil this need, this research aimed at assessing the effect of excitation position on fruit removal efficiency and fruit damage using a hand-held limb shaker for harvesting sweet cherry. In this study, four excitation positions were selected on each randomly selected limb of “Y” trellis cherry trees. The total number of fruit being removed from five fruiting zones of each limb and those remaining on the tree after harvesting was counted, and harvest-induced damage was assessed. Results showed that fruit removal efficiency from each zone was highly affected by the distance of the zone to the excitation position. The overall fruit removal efficiency was 84% when shaken at the lowest excitation position, and 77%, 51% and 72% respectively as the excitation position moved up the limbs. The fruit damage rates from low to high excitation positions were 20%, 28%, 20% and 23%, which was approximately 10% higher than that of handpicked fruit. No significant difference was found in the fruit damage rate when comparing different excitation positions. It was observed that the fruit removal efficiency may reach up to 97% when the limbs were excited at both the lowest and the highest excitation positions, and adopting such an excitation method could lead to a high fruit removal efficiency with not much increase in fruit damage.
Large, abrupt pressure decreases as a substorm onset trigger

[1] Sudden positive solar wind dynamic pressure increases have long been considered a substorm onset trigger, and evidence showing such a trigger exists. On the other hand, solar wind dynamic pressure decreases have not been considered as an onset trigger. In this letter we report evidence of substorm onsets associated with large, sudden solar wind pressure drops. We examine global auroral images acquired from the ultraviolet imager on-board the Polar Satellite on 13 large solar wind pressure decreases associated with negative magnetic impulses (SI−). It is found that substorm triggering by pressure decreases is rare (3 of 13 events studied). A detailed analysis of the three substorm events indicates that they occurred within ∼10 min of an SI− when the sharp pressure decrease is followed by an increase in the open magnetic flux. Among the rest of SI− events, only one with such a solar wind condition did not lead to a substorm expansion phase onset. No systematic trend in the amplitude of an SI− was found for the substorm triggered events. Preconditioning of the magnetosphere may play a role but not crucial. While this finding may be in contradiction with current substorm theories, it may simply support the general idea that discontinuities in the solar wind can trigger substorms, though under certain conditions.
Blunt apical dissection during anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Background Meticulous apical dissection during a radical prostatectomy is imperative to achieve desirable pathologic and quality of life outcomes.
Optimizing Network I/O Virtualization with Efficient Interrupt Coalescing and Virtual Receive Side Scaling

Virtualization is a fundamental component in cloud computing because it provides numerous guest VM transparent services, such as live migration, high availability, rapid checkpoint, etc. However, I/O virtualization, particularly for network, is still suffering from significant performance degradation. In this paper, we analyze performance challenges in network I/O virtualization and observe that the conventional network I/O virtualization incurs excessive virtual interrupts to guest VMs, and the backend driver in the driver domain is not parallelized and cannot leverage underlying multi-core processors. Motivated by the above observations, we propose optimizations: efficient interrupt coalescing for network I/O virtualization and virtual receive side scaling to effectively leverage multi-core processors. We implemented those optimizations in Xen and did extensive performance evaluation. Our experimental results reveal that the proposed optimizations significantly improve network I/O virtualization performance and effectively tackle the performance challenges.
Recurrence of hepatitis C infection: Where are we now?

Key Points 1Hepatitis C-associated liver failure is the most common indication for liver transplantation, and approximately 10% of HCV-infected recipients will die or lose their allograft secondary to recurrent HCV infection. 2Risk factors associated with histological recurrence of HCV include donor (age, fat content, ischemic time, and living donor), recipient (age and non-Caucasian race), clinical (rejection and CMV), and viral (viral load and quasispecies). 3Treatment of recipients with histological recurrence is with pegylated IFN (± ribavirin). The role of hepatitis C immunoglobulin in the management of postransplant HCV is still evolving. (Liver Transpl 2005;11:S57–S62.)
Herbicide effects on Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus parasitism of a soil pseudomonad

Abstract Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus , a small endoparasitic bacterium indigenous to soil, mud and sewage can attack and penetrate other susceptible Gram-negative bacteria, causing host lysis and release of parasite progeny into the surrounding environment. Seventeen commercial herbicides were tested for activity against a Bdellovibrio strain, isolated from soil, and its Pseudomonas sp. host using disc assay techniques. Eleven of the seventeen herbicides inhibited the Bdellovibrio plaque growth while only one agent, DNBP (4,6-dinitro- o - sec -butylphenol), showed evidence of Pseudomonas host inhibition. Of these eleven herbicides, linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) was studied further because it inhibited Bdellovibrio plaque growth almost completely. A decrease in net multiplication of Bdellovibrio with increasing linuron concentration occurred in young broth cultures of the parasite with no alterations in parasite motility, attachment rate or penetration rate. In absence of normal host concentrations, precluding penetration and attachment, Bdellovibrio was also sensitive to the herbicide, indicating that linuron primarily increased the death rate rather than influencing only the secondary characteristics of motility, attachment and penetration. The lethal effect of linuron on Bdellovibrio does not involve magnesium chelation.
Effect of timed semirecumbency and furosemide dosing on urinary sodium excretion in patients with compensated heart failure.

ABSTRACT Purpose The management of chronic cardiac failure, a salt-sensitive state, frequently includes administration of a loop diuretic to enhance urinary Na + excretion. We hypothesized that a period of timed semirecumbency (vis-a-vis upright posture) would enhance the natriuresis that accompanies oral furosemide dosing in patients with compensated cardiac failure. Methods Four ambulatory patients with compensated chronic cardiac failure (NYHA Class III) of ischemic and nonischemic origin and systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction + excretion rate (mEq/hr) in each patient in response to two different protocols. Protocol 1 consisted of an initial 90-minute period of bedrest followed by the patient’s oral furosemide dose and 180 minutes of upright activity and a subsequent 90-minute period of bedrest. Protocol 2 was similar, with the exception that furosemide dosing was given after upright activity and immediately prior to the second period of bedrest. Results With each patient serving as his or her own control, both urine flow rate and urinary Na + excretion rate were markedly increased when furosemide was given prior to bedrest as compared to its dosing prior to upright activity. Conclusions In patients with compensated chronic cardiac failure, the natriuresis that accompanies oral furosemide dosing is enhanced when given just prior to a period of timed semirecumbency. This approach represents a more optimal use of this loop diuretic in patients with compensated heart failure.
RC null network requiring only two components of prescribed value

In many applications of the RC parallel-T null network, only two performance characteristics are considered important--the frequency and depth of the attenuation notch. In the design presented, four component values may deviate from design values. The measured values of these four components are used in calculating the values required for the remaining resistor and capacitor. Network production is simplified since performance is made dependent upon realizing a prescribed value for two rather than six components.
A study of the energetics of an upper stratospheric warming (1969-1970)

Results of stratospheric hemispheric synoptic analyses at the 10-, 5-, and 2-mb levels for seven days during an intense warming. Employing these analyses along with the daily objective analyses from 1000-30 mb, some of the major energy transformations for the troposphere and lower and middle stratosphere were computed. It was found that the middle stratospheric warming event was of a direct baroclinic type, forced from below. It was noted that if the warming is to propagate into the lower stratosphere, it is necessary to reverse the normal eddy kinetic to eddy potential energy transfer in that region so that it operates in a direct baroclinic sense.
Patrolling the Mind’s Boundaries

Defenders of the extended mind thesis say that it is possible that some of our mental states may be constituted, in part, by states of the extrabodily environment. Often they also add that such extended mentation is a commonplace phenomenon. I argue that extended mentation, while not impossible, is either nonexistent or far from widespread. Genuine beliefs as they occur in normal biologically embodied systems are informationally integrated with each other, and sensitive to changes in the person’s overall system of beliefs. Environmental states, however, fail to satisfy this central feature of the functional role of belief, and hence fail to be genuine mental states.
Bounded-Influence Regression via Local Minimax Mean Squared Error

Abstract The class of “general” M-estimators for the stochastic linear regression model is considered, and influence and change-of-variance functions are used to approximate the main term of the mean squared error (MSE). The estimator is then found in the class that minimizes the maximum of that approximate MSE over the ϵ-contamination neighborhood. This approach allows for additional flexibility of designing estimators optimal for prediction in specific regions of the factor space, and it provides a practical way of choosing estimators' tuning constants as functions of a fraction of contamination and sample size.
Laser action on the (B-X) band of HgI at 445 nm

Dissociative excitation of the HgI ( B – X ) band system and atomic mercury lines was observed during collisions of CO + ions with CH 3 HgI molecules in the laboratory kinetic energy range 100–1000 eV. By the use of the integrated intensity of the most intense band of the ( B – X ) transition of the HgI radical at 445 nm, emission cross sections were measured at different kinetic energies of these ions.
Effect of drugs on pyramidal discharges evoked by cortical stimulation

Abstract 1. 1. The effects exerted by various drugs on pyramidal discharges evoked by cortical stimulation were studied in cats and monkeys. 2. 2. Intracarotid injection of acetylcholine caused a brief period of augmentation followed by a prolonged period of depression in pyramidal discharges. Discharges (I waves) depending on cortical interneuronal bombardment of pyramidal cells were the most prominently affected. 3. 3. The effects of acetylcholine were augmented by eserine and blocked by atropine. 4. 4. Injections of eserine, mecholyl, d-tubocurarine, histamine and nicotinic acid, and inhalation of amyl nitrite affected pyramidal discharges in the same way as acetylcholine. 5. 5. It is concluded that the effects of these drugs are attributable to cortical vasodilatation. 6. 6. Because the pyramidal neurons and the cortical interneurons which reactivate them are not directly affected, it is concluded that motor effects induced by cholinergic drugs originate elsewhere.
RATE OF INDUCTION OF HYPOTENSION WITH TRIMETAPHAN MODIFIES THE INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE RESPONSE IN CATS

An infusion of 0.1% trimetaphan was administered to eight cats with artificially increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in order to decrease their mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 121±9.5 (SEM) to 58±4.6 mm Hg in less than 1 min. All cats developed an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) (from 16±1.4 to 23±3.2 mm Hg) accompanied by a partial rebound in MAP. Eight additional cats received 0.1%trimetaphan to decrease their MAP from 128±13.4 to 52±8.1 mm Hg over more than 2 min. Four of these cats followed the same pattern, with ICP increases from 19 ±1.1 to 31±3.9 mm Hg, while in the other four ICP did not change. In nine of the 12 cats with an ICP increase, that increase was initiated before the partial MAP rebound. We conclude that trimetaphan causes clinically significant ICP increases in cats with increased ICP, that partial rebound in MAP frequently exacerbates these increases in ICP, and that rapid induction of hypotension tends to increase the frequency with which trimetaphan increases ICP.
The adsorption of nitric oxide on copper oxides

Abstract Adsorption isotherms and rates were measured for NO chemisorption on supported and unsupported samples of copper oxide in the 26–140 °C temperature range. The adsorption behavior on cupric oxide is well described by Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption rates on the cupric oxide are represented by two intersecting segments in the coordinates of the Elovich equation. On cuprous oxide at room temperature the oxidation of the surface is super-imposed onto the adsorption phenomenon. Nevertheless, it could be deduced that the surface cuprous ions chemisorb nitric oxide molecules very slowly, if at all. This experimental fact is explained by the absence in Cu + ( d 10 ) of an unpaired d -orbital required for the accomodation, upon chemisorption, of the antibonding electron of the NO molecule.
The fast parametric slantlet transform with applications

Transform methods have played an important role in signal and image processing applications. Recently, Selesnick has constructed the new orthogonal discrete wavelet transform, called the slantlet wavelet, with two zero moments and with improved time localization. The discrete slantlet wavelet transform is carried out by an existing filterbank which lacks a tree structure and has a complexity problem. The slantlet wavelet has been successfully applied in compression and denoising. In this paper, we present a new class of orthogonal parametric fast Haar slantlet transform system where the slantlet wavelet and Haar transforms are special cases of it. We propose designing the slantlet wavelet transform using Haar slantlet transform matrix. A new class of parametric filterbanks is developed. The behavior of the parametric Haar slantlet transforms in signal and image denoising is presented. We show that the new technique performs better than the slantlet wavelet transform in denoising for piecewise constant signals. We also show that the parametric Haar slantlet transform performs better than the cosine and Fourier transforms for grey level images.
Universal effect of surface roughness on the critical current of superfluid 4He in narrow pores

Abstract The nucleation of vortices in superfluid 4He flowing through small orifices is discussed for the case where no primordial vortex lines exist. Vortex loops are generated in the vicinity of wall irregularities which have a characteristic length of approximately ten times the coherence length of the superfluid. Our analysis of the experiments seems to be consistent with this mechanism when the superfluid condensate density near the wall is taken to be temperature independent, due to surface correlations.
A DISCUSSION OF THE PAPER "THE BET-SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA OF HYDRATED PORTLAND CEMENT AND RELATED MATERIALS" BY IVAN ODLER

In the paper referred to in the title of this commentary, Odler provides a comprehensive and useful review of pertinent data and interpretations of BET gas sorption measurements of cement paste. The focus of that paper was the well-known differences in the surface area and pore volume obtained using water vapor (BET H2O) or nitrogen (BET N2) as the sorbate gas. The commentators (Jennings and Thomas) agree with many of the original findings and interpretations, including the general conclusion that BET N2 values do not represent the total specific surface areas of C-S-H. Jennings and Thomas then introduce a quantitative "colloid" model for the structure of C-S-H gel in cement paste that explains a large amount of data, including the different values of specific surface area measured by different techniques.
Feminism Across Borders: A Hungarian Adaptation of Western Feminism

A grounded theory model of feminist-activist identity development was constructed from semistructured interviews with volunteers of the first Women’s Rights Association (NANE) in Hungary. This article focuses on NANE volunteers’ feminist identity development, which emerged through interpersonal solidarity with Western women; the development of self-confidence and an assertive “voice” in their relationships; and an increased awareness of the violence and oppression against women. A grounded theory approach (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) was used to analyze the interviews. The core category, “Internalizing Western Feminist-Activism: Importing an External Culture to Revolutionize One’s Own,” describes volunteers’ conceptualization that their feminist-activist beliefs emerged from imported ideologies gained through exposure to Western ideas and the international women’s movement, which were then adapted to make changes in Hungary.
Relaxation rates in molecular beam maser experiments

Abstract A theoretical explanation is given of recent measurements by Kukolich, Wang and Oates on the relaxation of pure inversion states and superposition states in a molecular-beam ammonia maser spectrometer. The Feynman-Vernon-Hellwarth representation is used, combined with an impact theory of collision damping, to derive the rate equations. It is shown, in agreement with experiment, that the longitudinal-component decay rate (analogous to a T1 process in the Bloch equiations in magnetic resonance) is larger than the transverse-component decay rate (the analog of a T2 process), in contrast to the usual magnetic-resonance case. The difference between the two rates depends on the efficiency of inelastic collisions in mixing the two maser levels, and is therefore more likely to occur with polar scattering gases having appropriate energy level spacings and populations.
Intervention of Saphenous Vein Graft Chronic Total Occlusion.

A 75-year-old man with a history of coronary artery bypass surgery (performed 25 years ago, left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery [LIMA-LAD], and saphenous vein graft to right coronary artery [SVG-RCA]), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, presented with unstable angina. Stress testing showed hibernating myocardium involving the left circumflex and right coronary artery distributions. Coronary angiography found severe obstruction of the native left main coronary artery and the proximal left circumflex artery. The vein graft to the right coronary artery showed a stump occlusion. There was significant calcification of the right aortic sinus, and the native right coronary artery could
Double-stranded RNA-stimulated enzyme activities isolated from human placental extracts.

Abstract A (2′–5′)A n synthetase activity was isolated from human placental extracts by affinity chromatography on poly(rI)·poly(rC)-agarose. The oligonucleotide (2′–5′)A n was identified by (1) chromatography on PEI-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose, (2) inhibition of polypeptide synthesis in lysed rabbit reticulocytes (3) competition of the binding of pppA(pA)3,3′-[ 32 P]pCp to rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and (4) alkaline phosphatase digestion. The synthetase activity in most placental preparations is activated by natural or synthetic dsRNA. However, in a few placental synthetase preparations, dsRNA is only marginally stimulatory and only becomes effective by prior treatment of the enzyme preparations with the calcium-dependent micrococal nuclease. This suggeststhat there is an endogenous placental dsRNA contaminant in the enzyme preparations. In some synthetase preparations, a second dsRNA-stimulated product, tentatively identified as the nucleotide 5′-IMP, is also observed. Because the specific AMP deaminase inhibitor coformycin (10 μM) blocks the formation of IMP from ATP and causes a quantitative accumulation of AMP, and because the formation of IMp becomes independent of dsRNA when ADP or AMP is used in plase of ATP, the presence of a dsRNA-stimulated ATP phosphohydrolase (ATPase) activity in human placenta is suggested.
Comparative study of the ultrastructure and hormonal content of the proximal and distal stumps of the transected neurosecretory hypothalamo-hypophysial system

Nach Durchtrennung des Hypophysenstiels wird eine Akkumulation von Neurosekretgranula sowohl im proximalen wie auch im distalen Stumpf des Stiels nachgewiesen. Elektronenmikroskopische und pharmakologische Untersuchungen machen wahrscheinlich, dass die Akkumulation im distalen Stumpf auf einen Reflux der Neurosekretgranula zuruckzufuhren ist.
Effects of water temperature and dissolved oxygen on daily feed consumption, feed utilization and growth of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Abstract Feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and weight gain (WG) of juvenile channel catfish initially weighing 15.0±0.23 g (10–12 cm initial total length) were evaluated under three regimes of time-varying water temperature (mean daily water temperature for Stoneville, MS, USA; mean +3; and, mean −3°C) and three of dissolved oxygen (DO; 100, 70 and 30% air saturation, at each temperature). Two independent experiments lasting 6 and 8 weeks, respectively, simulated spring and fall temperature and photoperiod patterns. Temperature–oxygen regimes were applied to randomly assigned duplicate 110-l aquaria with individual biofilters. Fish were fed once daily, to slight excess, a commercial catfish floating feed. After 45 min, uneaten feed was collected, dried and weighed; then FI was calculated by difference. Fish in each aquarium were weighed collectively, biweekly. In both experiments higher temperatures and higher DO levels produced increased feed consumption. A multivariate regression model was fitted to the data to describe the combined effects of temperature and DO on FI. There was a progressive reduction in FI as DO declined from 100 to 30% air saturation. In both trials weight gain was higher for fish held 3°C above the mean water temperature at 100% air saturation values of DO; whereas, the lowest values of WG were obtained for fish held at 30% air saturation and 3°C below the mean water temperature. Weight gain increased with temperature, with maximum rates reached at 27.1°C with DO equivalent to 100% air saturation. In contrast, when DO was 30% air saturation, growth rates plateaued as ambient temperature exceeded 22.8°C. This model will assist in optimization of feeding practices in channel catfish aquaculture.