cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Instructional Coaches Support Data-Driven Decision Making Policy Implementation and Effects in Florida Middle Schools

This article examines the convergence of two popular school improvement policies: instructional coaching and data-driven decision making (DDDM). Drawing on a mixed methods study of a statewide reading coach program in Florida middle schools, the article examines how coaches support DDDM and how this support relates to student and teacher outcomes. Authors find that although the majority of coaches spent time helping teachers analyze student data to guide instruction, data support was one among many coach activities. Estimates from models indicate that data analysis support, nevertheless, has a significant association with both perceived improvements in teaching and higher student achievement.
Multichannel optical correlator for radar signal processing

A multichannel coherent optical processor for radar signals is described in which pulse compression is achieved by matched spatial filtering. The optical system can be used for phased array, linear frequency modulated pulse burst, or other radar systems. However, only its application to linear phased array signal processing is discussed in depth. From the output optical pattern, one can obtain data on the target's fine range and azimuth (for a phased array) or fine range and Doppler (for a pulse burst radar) etc.
Influence of an Infant Walker on Onset and Quality of Walking Pattern of Locomotion: An Electromyographic Investigation

Acquisition of bipedal locomotor skill in human infants was studied electromyographically with regard to the deprivation or enrichment behavior resulting from the frequent and regular use of an infant walker. Subjects were six sets of male, fraternal twins. One randomly selected sibling from each set underwent a training program, commencing at the age of 300 days, spending a total of 2 hr. per day in a walker. Siblings not included in this group were subjected to no special training. EMG recordings were taken of all subjects at specified intervals in order to establish a model of the typical motor pattern at various stages of skill development. These data were then contrasted with EMG data similarly obtained from the walker-trained subjects. Use of an infant walker modified the mechanics of the infant's locomotion in a number of important ways. It was shown that use of the walker enables an infant to commit substantial mechanical errors yet succeed in bipedal locomotion. Inasmuch as the mechanics of walker-assisted and non-assisted bipedal locomotion are dissimilar in so many important ways, positive transfer from walker-training appears questionable.
Review: SPEC Kit 281 The Information Commons July 2004.

Haas, Leslie., & Robertson, Jan. (2004). SPEC Kit 281 The Information Commons July 2004. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries Office of Leadership and Management Services. 142 pp. ISBN 1-594076-658-8. $26.06.in
Combined Liver.Lung Scanning in Detecting Subdiaphragmatic Abscess

Abstract Combined liver-lung scanning has an established role in detecting rightsided subdiaphragmatic abscess. Alone, the imaging method predicts only the presence of effusion. Integrated into the clinical setting of a given case, the abnormal combined lung-liver scan becomes specific for abscess. Anterior and right lateral projections are required. Medial displacement of the liver on the anterior view and separation of the lung and liver images ventral to the triangular and coronary ligaments on the lateral view are the most helpful scan findings. The subphrenic space is a region within the supraomental division of the peritoneal cavity. Fluid migration into this space occurs along defined pathways where the right paracolic gutter and the space lateral to the right lobe of the liver are important landmarks.
Directional descriptors using zernike moment phases for object orientation estimation in underwater sonar images

Conventional methods for rotation angle estimation are not very robust to variations in object shape or intensity. However in real object recognition scenarios like in underwater sonar images, the object seldom retains the same appearance in different test cases. Object representation using Zernike moments allows to capture these variabilities in a way that makes it robust in the context of rotation angle estimation. This paper presents a novel way to exploit the phase information of Zernike moments to infer the object orientation. This is achieved via a compact directional representation that describes the variation in object shape along different directions. Results yielded on the DIDSON sonar imageset collected by CSAIL at MIT show that the method can robustly infer the relative orientation between objects.
Radiation impedance over a thunderstorm

[1] In the summer of 2002 the Altus Cumulus Electrification Study obtained radiated Poynting flux measurements in the near vicinity of lightning discharge events. These measurements not only allow a determination of radiated power but also allow a calculation of the radiation impedance above a thunderstorm when the thunderstorm was acting as an antenna. This impedance is significant since it defines the level of displacement currents propagating into the middle atmosphere and, as applications demonstrate, is a critical quantity in understanding the relationship between power and displacement current in the near vicinity of a thunderstorm. We find that the radiation impedance of the thunderstorm is surprisingly low in the VLF and varies inversely with frequency consistent with a capacitive-like coupling from the thunderstorm to middle atmosphere.
Management of Epithelial Cysts and Ingrowth

Epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber is a rare, but often devastating complication of penetrating ocular trauma and anterior segment surgery. In 1830, MacKenzie reported the presence of a semitransparent cyst in the anterior chamber of an eye following trauma. Rothmund, in 1872, speculated that implantation of epithelium at the time of surgery or penetrating trauma resulted in the development of anterior chamber cysts. Collins and Cross (1892) presented the initial description of the histopathology of epithelial cysts in eyes enucleated following cataract surgery. The cysts they observed were lined by laminated epithelium similar to that of the cornea. Pupillary block glaucoma was noted in one of the eyes. During 1937, Perera proposed a classification of epithelial invasion dividing it into three types of lesions: 1) “pearl” tumors of the iris, 2) post-traumatic cysts of the iris (epithelial cysts), and 3) epithelization of the anterior chamber (epithelial ingrowth).
The Power of Shareholder Votes: Evidence from Director Elections *

In the U.S., votes in director elections are advisory but are often used by shareholders to express dissent. We examine whether these non-binding votes have consequences for directors and report affirmative evidence. Directors facing dissent are more likely to depart boards, especially if they are not lead directors or chairs of important committees. Directors facing dissent who do not leave are moved to less prominent positions in boards. These effects are more pronounced in firms with greater ownership by institutional investors who pose exit threats. Finally, we find evidence that directors facing dissent face reduced opportunities in the market for directors, consistent with the Fama and Jensen (1983) view of the disciplining role of the market for directors. We show that contrary to popular belief, shareholder votes have power and result in negative consequences for directors. We also find that the effects of dissent votes go beyond those of proxy advisor recommendations.
The resourceful facilitator: teacher leaders constructing identities as facilitators of teacher peer groups

The use of teacher peer groups is a prevalent strategy for school-based professional development and instructional improvement. Facilitation of such groups is an increasingly vital dimension of teacher leadership as a component of school improvement efforts. Drawing on a qualitative study of facilitation of teacher peer groups, the article investigates how teacher leaders integrate experiences from different domains of life in constructing a unique facilitator identity. Focusing on portraits of three teacher leaders, it demonstrates how teachers relate experiences outside of teaching, including academic experiences, other professional experiences, and social experiences, to the skills and orientation necessary for effective facilitation. The article argues for attention to reflexive practices of identity formation in the preparation of teacher leaders as facilitators and in the ongoing development of teacher leaders who already function as facilitators.
Knowledge intensive natural language generation with revision

Traditional natural language generation systems use a pipelined architecture. Two problems with this architecture are poor task decomposition and the lack of interaction between conceptual and stylistic decisions making. A revision architecture operating in a knowledge intensive environment is proposed as a means to deal with these two problems. In a revision system, text is produced and refined iteratively. A text production cycle consists of two steps. First, the text generators produce initial text. Second, this text is examined for defects by revisors. When defects are found, the revisors make suggestions for the regeneration of the text. The text generator/revision cycle continues to polish the text iteratively until no more defects can be found. Although previous research has focused on stylistic revisions only, this paper describes techniques for both stylistic and conceptual revisions. Using revision to produce extended natural language text through a series of drafts provides three significant advantages over a traditional natural language generation system. First, it reduces complexity through task decomposition. Second, it promotes text polishing techniques that benefit from the ability to examine generated text in the context of the underlying knowledge from which it was generated. Third, it provides a mechanism for the integrated handling of conceptual and stylistic decisions. For revision to operate intelligently and efficiently, the revision component must have access to both the surface text and the underlying knowledge from which it was generated. A knowledge intensive architecture with a uniform knowledge base allows the revision software to quickly locate referents, choices made in producing the defective text, alternatives to the decisions made at both the conceptual and stylistic levels, and the intent of the text. The revisors use this knowledge, along with facts about the topic at hand and knowledge about how text is produced, to select alternatives for improving the text. The Kalos system was implemented to illustrate revision processing in a natural language generation system. It produces advanced draft quality text for a microprocessor users' guide from a knowledge base describing the microprocessor. It uses revision techniques in a knowledge intensive environment to iteratively polish its initial generation. The system performs both conceptual and stylistic revisions. Example output from the system, showing both types of revision, is presented and discussed. Techniques for dealing with the computational problems caused by the system's uniform knowledge base are described.
Reentry Breakup Recorder: Concept, Testing, Moving Forward

*† Decommissioned satellites and spent rocket stages routinely reenter the atmosphere from low-Earth and low-perigee orbits. Though seldom recovered, debris of significant size and mass survive to ground impact. Reentry survivability models are intended to predict these hazards in advance of launch and reentry, but models have tended to under-predict the survivability, relative to observable data and recovered debris. In order to improve and validate models, a growing need developed for more information on the environment and response of unprotected reentering bodies. The Aerospace Corporation conceived a new device that would collect data during the reentry and breakup of a satellite or launch stage, would protect the data through the severe heating and loading phases, would break away as the host vehicle disintegrated, and would transmit the recorded data before ground impact, eliminating any need for hardware retrieval. The Reentry Breakup Recorder (REBR) was successfully flight tested in 2011 during reentry of the Japanese HTV2 supply vehicle from the International Space Station. An overview is provided of the motivation for REBR, its design, the data from the HTV2 flight test, the future evolution of REBR, and the technology transition approach.
Stimulation of prolactin release by the bicarbonate ion.

SummaryThe bicarbonate ion was found to stimulate the in vitro release of RIA-PRL and [3H]PRL. Dopamine, as usual, inhibited the in vitro release of prolactin; however, the effects of the catecholamine were less evident at high molar concentrations of bicarbonate than at lower ones. Sodium ascorbate addition to high bicarbonate concentration increased the effectiveness of dopamine to inhibit prolactin. Ergocryptine decreased greatly the in vitro release of prolactin, and varying the bicarbonate concentration had no effect on this phenomenon. The results suggest that bicarbonate may interact with dopamine in regulating the physiological release of prolactin.
Control of heterogeneous nucleation and growth kinetics of dopamine-melanin by altering substrate chemistry.

Dopamine-melanin (DM or “polydopamine”) can be deposited on virtually any substrate from solution through autoxidation of dopamine. The versatility of this process has allowed surface-mediated assembly of DM for a wide variety of functional coatings. Here we report the impact of well-defined surface chemistries on the nucleation and growth of such films. DM was deposited on silicon dioxide (SiO2) and SiO2 substrates modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) bearing octadecyl (C18), phenethyl, and aminopropyl functional groups. Atomic force microscopy revealed three-dimensional islands whose areal density and surface coverage are lowest on bare SiO2 substrates and highest on the neutral aromatic and aliphatic substrates. Increasing the pH of the solution from 8.2 to 10 dissociates catechol moieties in DM and inhibits adsorption on negatively charged SiO2 substrates. The growth rate of DM films on SAM-modified SiO2 is maximized at pH 9.5 and almost completely abolished at pH 10 because of increased DM ...
Controlling the Topography and Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold Nanoshells by a Templated Surfactant-Assisted Seed Growth Method

Gold nanoshells with varying surface topographies and tunable SPR bands were synthesized in high yields by the templated surfactant-assisted seed growth method. By changing the types and amounts of...
Pretreatment prognostic factors in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases.

Abstract Potential pretreatment prognostic variables for patients presenting with liver metastases at the time of resection of primary colorectal cancers were evaluated in 42 consecutive patients resected over two years. Survival was bimodal with 12 patients dead within 6 months of surgery and the remaining patients dead or alive at follow-up at 6 to 27 months (median 9 months). Preoperative peripheral lymphocytes (P = 0.0008), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0056), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases (SGOT, P = 0.0048, and SGPT, P = 0.0031) were significant prognostic factors. The transaminases were prognostic within the normal ranges for the hospital laboratory. Age, sex, hematocrit, platelet count, bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin, protein, creatinine, tumor differentiation, bowel penetration, nodal involvement, operative blood loss, transfusions and chemotherapy were not related to survival. These results indicate that normal liver function tests in patients with colorectal liver metastases have significant prognostic value. Immune function as reflected by lymphocyte count may also play a role in these patients' survivals.
The effect of acid cleaning on a fine pore ceramic diffuser aeration system.

Fine pore ceramic diffuser aeration, a very competitive high efficiency system, is widely used in aerobic biological processes for providing dissolved oxygen and mixing. Concern has been registered regarding the maintenance of these systems and their susceptibility to diffuser fouling. Selected ceramic diffusers, removed from the Madison Metropolitan Sewage District (MMSD) Nine Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant, Wisconsin, U.S.A., were fractured and analyzed in an attempt to identify the elemental components of the internal foulants and to evaluate the effect of acid cleaning on diffuser performance. The fouling condition of diffusers were initially characterized by dynamic wet pressure (DWP) measurements. Microimages taken from the non acid-treated diffuser profile using scanning electronic microscopy revealed the structural difference of internal foulants which may correspond to the stage of foulant formation. For diffuser samples from the MMSD facility, calcium phosphate minerals were predominant foulants, although some calcium carbonate and organic carbon have also accumulated. The clogging of diffuser internal void space was verified by observing thin sections of diffuser cross-sections. Selected diffusers were then treated with strong acid to study its effectiveness in removing internal foulant by acid soaking. Even though the acid treated diffusers showed significant reduced DWP values, acid treatment, the common diffuser cleaning technique, does not completely remove these internal foulants. This may be the reason why the acid-treated diffusers never reached like-new conditions. Furthermore, once these acid-treated diffusers are installed back to the aeration tank, these dewatered foulant sections may very well behave as seed for future clogging.
Controversies in computed tomography of the thorax. The pulmonary nodule - lung cancer staging

In this article, the role of CT in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules and lung cancer staging is reviewed. Points of controversy are specifically addressed. Whenever possible, a practical approach based on current knowledge is suggested.
Life history theory predicts long-term fish assemblage response to stream impoundment

Life history theory predictions for hydrologic filtering of fish assemblages are rarely tested with historical time series data. We retrospectively analyzed flow regime and fish assemblage data fro...
The Promoter and Multiple Enhancers of the pou4f3 Gene Regulate Expression in Inner Ear Hair Cells.

Few enhancers that target gene expression to inner ear hair cells (HCs) have been identified. Using transgenic analysis of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter constructs and bioinformatics, we evaluated the control of pou4f3 gene expression, since it is expressed only in HCs within the inner ear and continues to be expressed throughout life. An 8.5-kb genomic DNA fragment 5′ to the start codon, containing three regions of high cross-species homology, drove expression in all embryonic and neonatal HCs, and adult vestibular and inner HCs, but not adult outer HCs. Transgenes with 0.4, 0.8, 2.5, or 6.5 kb of 5′ DNA did not produce HC expression. However, addition of the region from 6.5 to 7.2 kb produced expression in vestibular HCs and neonatal basal turn outer HCs, which also implicated the region from 7.2 to 8.5 kb in inner and apical outer HC expression. Deletion of the region from 0.4 to 5.5 kb 5′ from the 8.5-kb construct did not affect HC expression, further indicating lack of HC regulatory elements. When the region from 1 to 0.4 kb was replaced with the minimal promoter of the Ela1 gene, HC expression was maintained but at a drastically reduced level. Bioinformatics identified regions of highly conserved sequence outside of the 8.5 kb, which contained POU4F3-, GFI1-, and LHX3-binding sites. These regions may be involved in maintaining POU4F3 expression in adult outer HCs. Our results identify separate enhancers at various locations that direct expression to different HC types at different ages and determine that 0.4 kb of upstream sequence determines expression level. These data will assist in the identification of mutations in noncoding, regulatory regions of this deafness gene.
Health care utilization and consequences of readmission in the first year after lung transplantation

Background Hospital readmissions are costly and have become a focus for quality improvement. We aimed to determine risk factors, rate, and outcomes of readmissions within the first year after lung transplantation and the potential impact on patient survival. Methods A retrospective cohort study of all lung transplant recipients ≥18 years old who had undergone initial transplantation (2004–2013) at a single center was conducted. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of readmission for patients who survived hospitalization. Cox regression was used to explore the relationship between readmission and long-term risk of death, while adjusting for potential confounders for patients who survived the first year. Results During the study period, 412 patients met inclusion criteria for the readmission analysis. There were 276 patients (67%) readmitted within 1 year after lung transplantation for a total of 609 readmissions (average ± SD, 1.5 ± 2). Average length of readmission stay was 6 days ± 7, with 44% of readmissions lasting ≤3 days. Airway complications were found to be a significant risk factor for readmission (odds ratio, 4.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.78–9.54; p = 0.001). After adjustment, the overall risk of death was significantly higher with each readmission during the first year (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.31, p Conclusions Most patients who survive the first post-operative year experience at least 1 readmission, with patients who experience airway complications at particular risk. Patients discharged to inpatient rehabilitation were less likely to be readmitted. The cumulative burden of multiple readmissions is associated with worse long-term survival.
Divergence in Domain IV of an Electric Fish NaV Channel Tunes its Fast Inactivation to Support Rapid Firing Rates by Electro-Motorneurons

In some neuronal cell types, persistent or resurgent current through voltage-gated sodium channels enables the regular firing of “spontaneous” action potentials from a few to a hundred Hz. However, the neurons with the fastest spontaneous firing rates known are found in the nocturnal ghost knifefish (family apteronotidae), which accomplish active electrolocation via a unique neuronal electrical organ that spontaneously fires action potentials at rates exceeding 1000 Hz. Voltage-clamping of electro-motorneurons from apteronotidae revealed voltage-gated sodium currents with incomplete fast inactivation (i.e., the existence of a persistent sodium current). Unexpectedly, RT-PCR revealed that Nav 1.4b is the dominant Nav isoform in the apteronotid spinal cord, and it is expressed here nearly exclusively. We found that this gene contains five apteronotid-specific substitutions in the S4-S5 cytoplasmic linker of Domain IV, a region that has been implicated in the process of fast inactivation of mammalian voltage gated sodium channels. Using two electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology, we assayed the effects of making combinations of these substitutions in the human cardiac sodium channel Nav 1.5 (R1644W, L1647W, M1651R, I1660F, G1661S). Interestingly, when all five apteronotid substitutions are incorporated into DIV S4-5 of Nav 1.5, a persistent sodium current is observed that is qualitatively similar to that of the apterotontid Nav 1.4b in native cells. In addition, the effects observed in some partial substitutions (for example, loss of voltage dependence of inactivation in R1644W/M1651R-Nav 1.5), were apparently lost in the context of the quintuple-mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the evolution of rapid electrical organ discharge in knifefish was driven by the tissue-specific expression of and sequence divergence within the voltage gated sodium channel Nav 1.4b. Moreover, they help define the structural requirements within the DIV S4-S5 linker for normal inactivation in mammalian sodium channels.
The Virginia earthquake of April 9, 1918

Summary of geology and conclusions Since, from the reports received, the shock seems to have been most severe in the northern part of the Valley of Virginia, a very brief summary of the geology of the northern valley region is of some interest in seeking the probable cause of the earthquake. The Valley of Virginia is bounded on the southeast by the Blue Ridge, the central portion of which is composed of pre-Cambrian igneous rocks and on the northwest by the Valley Ridges subprovince of folded sedimentary rocks ranging up to Devonian and Mississippian in age. The valley maintains an approximate width of twenty miles from the state boundary southwestward to nearly the latitude of Greenville, Augusta County (Map, Plate I). From near the latitude of Strasburg and Riverton to that a short distance south of Harrisonburg, the valley is divided lengthwise by Massanutten Mountain, which is synclinal in structure and composed of sedimentary rock ranging up to and including Devonian in age. The mountain extends southwestward for a distance of about forty-five miles, and divides the valley lengthwise into two narrow valleys which average from five to ten miles in width. The Massanutten syncline, however, which involves the Martinsburg shale (Ordovician) at the surface, continues for a considerable distance both to the northeast and to the southwest of the north and south ends of the mountain proper. The valley bottom is developed on folded limestone and shales of Cambro-Ordovician age, underlain by quartzites, sandstones, and shales of Lower Cambrian age which, because of their structure and greater resistance, are exposed along the northwest flank of the Blue Ridge. No igneous rocks are known to occur in the valley proper north of the latitude of northern Rockingham County. The valley rocks are faulted, but in some localities at least the faulting appears to be slight, since the displacement is frequently not great enough to cut one or more formations. Bassler has recognized faulting at Winchester, one of the localities of highest intensity (VI R.-F. scale), during the earthquake of April 9, 1918. He says: 5 “Although the full geologic structure in the vicinity of Winchester could not be determined because of lack of continuous exposures, the quarries and other outcrops just west and east of the town indicate that by faulting a band of Lower Ordovician dolomitic limestones has been interpolated between a band of Stones River limestones on the west and argillaceous limestones and shales of Chambersburg and Martinsburg age on the east.” Faulting occurs at the base of Little North Mountain along the northwest side of the valley, and along the northwest front of the Blue Ridge on the southeast side of the valley a great overthrust fault, which apparently follows the Blue Ridge, has a horizontal displacement in places of at least four miles. It seems probable, therefore, that the seismic disturbance of April 9, 1918, had its origin in one or more of the faults which characterize the region.
Laser-Phosphor-Systems for Automotive Applications

Laser-Phosphor white light sources have recently entered the automotive application market. Various optical design approaches for single laser diode systems will be presented. These optical systems have to meet the trade-off between commercial and technological requirements within automotive industry standards.
Epithalamia and Aubades

This chapter reproduces both the original and rewritten versions of two of my poems. Arguably even the earlier lyrics reflect the engagement with Donne that has marked my career as both a literary critic and a poet; certainly the later ones were created in dialogue with his work. I can attribute—or some would advise me to substitute “blame”—the delight in word play and puns apparent in much of my work to a love affair with Donne that started in college and, unlike many of the love affairs he chronicles, “endure[d]/ Vicissitude, and season, as the grasse.”
Association Between Ruptured Distal Biceps Tendon and Wild-Type Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis.

This cross-sectional study compares the frequency of rupture of the distal biceps tendon in patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy vs those with other causes of heart failure.
Surgical Telementoring Without Encumbrance: A Comparative Study of See-through Augmented Reality-based Approaches.

Objective This study investigates the benefits of a surgical telementoring system based on an augmented reality head-mounted display (ARHMD) that overlays surgical instructions directly onto the surgeon's view of the operating field, without workspace obstruction. Summary background data In conventional telestrator-based telementoring, the surgeon views annotations of the surgical field by shifting focus to a nearby monitor, which substantially increases cognitive load. As an alternative, tablets have been used between the surgeon and the patient to display instructions; however, tablets impose additional obstructions of surgeon's motions. Methods Twenty medical students performed anatomical marking (Task1) and abdominal incision (Task2) on a patient simulator, in 1 of 2 telementoring conditions: ARHMD and telestrator. The dependent variables were placement error, number of focus shifts, and completion time. Furthermore, workspace efficiency was quantified as the number and duration of potential surgeon-tablet collisions avoided by the ARHMD. Results The ARHMD condition yielded smaller placement errors (Task1: 45%, P Conclusion The ARHMD system promises to improve accuracy and to eliminate focus shifts in surgical telementoring. Because ARHMD participants were able to refine their execution of instructions, task completion time increased. Unlike a tablet system, the ARHMD does not require modifying natural motions to avoid collisions.
Durability and failure mechanics of woven carbon composites under repeated impact loading in Arctic conditions

The rise in demand and interest in Arctic exploration has brought new challenges with regard to the mechanical behavior of lightweight offshore structures with fiber-reinforced composite materials. These materials experience drastic changes and degradation in their macro-and microstructures when exposed to seawater and cold temperatures during service. Therefore, it is critical to have a detailed comprehension of the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of these materials in Arctic conditions. Within the scope of the current study, low-velocity repeated impact behavior of carbon fiber/vinyl ester composites in Arctic temperature ( $$-50\ ^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ ) is investigated. Impact responses, such as the contact force, displacement and absorbed energy, at four impact energies of 20, 25, 30 and 35 J under repeated impact loading until perforation are determined at $$-50\ ^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ and compared against those at room temperature ( $$25\ ^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ ). The number of impacts required for perforation, the rate of reduction in impact force, the degree of damage and the failure mechanisms change significantly with varying impact energies and in situ ambient temperatures, and they are elucidated in detail in this paper.
The Role of Red Cell Energy Metabolism in the Generation of Irreversibly Sickled Cells In Vitro

An acquired membrane defect is believed to be responsible for the maintenance of the sickled shape in oxygenated irreversibly sickled cells (ISC), because the hemoglobin S in these cells is not in the aggregated, "sickled" state. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the acquisition of the membrane defect in vitro depends on cellular metabolism. Only if cellular ATP is almost completely depleted while the cells are sickled, do they become unable to resume the biconcave disk shape upon reoxygenation. If calcium is omitted from the incubation buffer, ISCs are not generated despite metabolic depletion. This suggests an action of ATP mediated through calcium metabolism similar to that which prevents membrane stiffening in normal red cells. No ISCs were produced by repeated sickling and unsickling. Thus, a membrane alteration occurring as a consequence of metabolic depletion seems to be a more important factor in the generation of ISC than sickling-unsickling induced fragmentation.
Growing Olives for Oil

The main goal of olive oil orcharding is to produce large quantities of very high-quality olive oil efficiently and economically, every year. This chapter describes how olive oil, though influenced by thousands of years of history and culture, has been revolutionized by new agricultural practices and cultivars that have tripled production in the last 40 years. Producers all over the world are using supplemental irrigation, properly selected cultivars, higher-density plantings, efficient mechanical harvest, and modern processing techniques to produce very high-quality oil at a lower cost. A summary of Mediterranean and new-world production is outlined including the economics of some medium- and high-density orchard systems. The complex characteristics of cultivar, including vigor, precocity, alternate bearing, oil content, chemical composition, and flavor, are compared. The chapter also explores the influence on oil characteristics of climate and elevation, soils and tree nutrition, irrigation and rainfall, fruit maturity and time of harvest, pest damage and freeze injury, and crop load and pruning. As consumer demand for this healthy and flavorful food increases, researchers and farmers will need to work together to discover ways to further improve production efficiency and enhance olive oil quality.
FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY OF STATIC NANOSCALE FRICTION BETWEEN MOO3 AND MOS2

The motion of a nanoscale MoO3 crystal on an MoS2 substrate is an ideal case for the study of the effects of microstructure on macroscopic phenomena like friction, because both components of this system can be prepared with atomically flat surfaces. We apply a recently developed real-space density functional theory method to investigate the energetics of sliding an MoO3 crystal on an MoS2 substrate. We then link the results to simple models based on continuum elastic theory, in order to study the mechanical behavior of the oxide crystals under loads that correspond to realistic situations. Based on these results, we extract estimates of the force which must be applied with an atomic force microscope in order to move the oxide crystal on the substrate, for different orientations of the two components.
Parameterization and calibration of micro-simulation model for cervical cancer and HIV in Zambia

Zambia has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world. To help policy makers make future intervention decisions regarding cervical cancer, we created a micro-simulation model to simulate cervical cancer and HIV in Zambia. Model calibration faced two major challenges: (1) Much of the available input data was on women in the United States, which do not allow calibration to align to the age-specific targets from Zambia; (2) Significant computational resources were not always available. We addressed issue one by creating age-specific calibration parameters to help better match specific targets. Issue two was addressed by using predictive models before conducting calibration simulations to discard parameter sets that are likely to produce poor results. This paper will demonstrate these two modeling strategies and show the dramatic effect they had on our ability to accurately calibrate to model targets.
Estimating the Locations of Multiple Change Points in the Mean

Detecting and estimating the number and locations of multiple change points is difficult. Sometimes a single-change method can locate multiple shifts by recursively dividing the data at the most likely location of a single shift. However, a single-change method may not detect the presence of multiple changes and may not accurately estimate a division point when multiple changes are present. The Schwarz information criterion offers a direct way to estimate the number of shifts, but the locations maximizing the likelihood function must be known for each possible number of shifts. The latter task is computationally infeasible for a realistic amount of data. This paper proposes a general algorithm for estimating the likelihood-maximizing locations and gives an example in which multiple changes are detected. The performance is evaluated using simulation and the proposed method is shown to be superior to the recursive application of a single shift procedure.
Co-occurring Mental Health Disorders

Substance use often has a significant overlap with psychiatric diagnoses such as major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and bipolar disorder (BD). Many of these psychiatric conditions commonly go undiagnosed and untreated because of active substance use, which can complicate the clinical picture, mask underlying symptoms, and redirect the focus of clinical interventions. However, co-occurring mental health disorders can have a detrimental effect by increasing the severity of problematic substance use. Conversely, the use of substances can further exacerbate psychiatric symptoms, highlighting the importance for accurate and timely identification of co-occurring psychiatric conditions in adolescents with substance use.
Distributed fiber-optic pressure sensor based on Bourdon tubes metered by optical frequency-domain reflectometry

We report a distributed fiber-optic pressure sensor based on Bourdon tubes using Rayleigh backscattering metered by optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR). In the proposed sensor, a piece of single-mode fiber (SMF) is attached to the concave surfaces of Bourdon tubes using a thin layer of epoxy. The strain profiles along the concave surface of the Bourdon tube vary with applied pressure, and the strain variations are transferred to the attached SMF through the epoxy layer, resulting in spectral shifts in the local Rayleigh backscattering signals. By monitoring the local spectral shifts of the OFDR system, the pressure applied to the Bourdon tube can be determined. By cascading multiple Bourdon tubes and correspondingly attaching SMF sections (i.e., a series of SMF-modified Bourdon tubes), distributed pressure measurements can be realized. Three Bourdon tubes are employed to demonstrate the proposed spatially distributed sensing scheme. The experimental results showed that linear relationships between spectral shift and pressure were obtained in all three SMF-Bourdon tubes (i.e., at three spatial locations). It is expected that the proposed sensing device, the SMF-Bourdon tube, can be used in applications where distributed/multipoint pressure measurements are needed.
Review of Statistical Analyses of Fatigue Life Data Using One-Sided Lower Statistical Tolerance Limits

This introductory paper explains basic probability concepts and summarizes in a fatigue context the state of the art for analyses of life data using one-sided lower statistical tolerance limits. Types I and II censoring are considered for both the two-parameter log-normal and Weibull distributions, and the corresponding approximate and exact one-sided lower tolerance limit calculations are illustrated and discussed. In addition, Antle's likelihood ratio test for discriminating between these two-parameter life distributions is summarized. The classic one-sided lower nonparametric tolerance limit analysis and a small sample modification by Little are discussed and illustrated in a fatigue context. Overall, this paper is intended to provide background and perspective for subsequent papers.
Interrogating Positive Youth Development Through Sport Using Critical Race Theory

ABSTRACTSport has the potential to serve as a context in which youth can develop as players and people. Positive youth development (PYD) through sport is a prevalent strength-based approach that ai...
Funding for Simulation

Abstract Funding is an important factor you must consider. This chapter highlights an approach to take as you tackle this subject and explore different models. The approach begins by defining the importance of securing buy-in from stakeholders and knowing thyself. We will also review methods to foster organizational ownership and buy-in, in order to help sustain funding. The next step includes defining how much funding your center needs by knowing your expenses, internal funding, and future projections. This will be accomplished by examining expense capturing. The chapter will then move to a review of different funding models, with the aim of helping you gain perspective on what type or types of funding would be best fit for your program. Finally, the chapter will close with a look into the future and a call to action to move society beyond the current state of funding.
Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation With Decreased Hospitalization and Mortality Risk After Cardiac Valve Surgery.

Importance National guidelines recommend cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after cardiac valve surgery, and CR is covered by Medicare for this indication. However, few data exist regarding current CR enrollment after valve surgery. Objective To characterize CR enrollment after cardiac valve surgery and its association with outcomes, including hospitalizations and mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study of patients undergoing valve surgery was conducted in calendar year 2014, with follow-up through 2015. The study included all fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries undergoing open cardiac valve surgery in 2014. Patients identified by inpatient diagnosis codes for open aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary valve surgery were included. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to March 2019. Exposures Logistic regression was used to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with CR enrollment. Main Outcomes and Measures We used Andersen-Gill models to evaluate the association of CR enrollment with 1-year hospitalization risk and Cox regression models to evaluate the association of CR enrollment with 1-year mortality risk. Results A total of 41 369 Medicare beneficiaries (median [interquartile range] age, 73 [68-79] years; 16 935 [40.9%] female) underwent open valve surgery in the United States in 2014. Fewer than half of patients (17 855 [43.2%]) who had valve surgery enrolled in CR programs. Several racial/ethnic groups had lower odds of enrolling in CR programs after valve surgery compared with white patients, including Asian patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.36 [95% CI, 0.28-0.47]), black patients (OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.54-0.67]), and Hispanic patients (OR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.28-0.46]). Patients undergoing concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting had higher odds of CR enrollment (OR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.20-1.31]) than those without the concomitant coronary artery bypass graft procedure, as did patients in the Midwest census region (OR, 2.40 [95% CI, 2.28-2.54]) compared with those in the South (reference). Cardiac rehabilitation enrollment was associated with fewer hospitalizations within 1 year of discharge (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.63-0.69] after multivariable adjustment). Enrollment was also associated with a 4.2% absolute decrease in 1-year mortality risk (hazard ratio, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.35-0.44] after multivariable adjustment). Conclusions and Relevance Fewer than half of Medicare beneficiaries undergoing cardiac valve surgery enroll in CR programs, and there are marked racial/ethnic disparities among those that do. Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with decreased 1-year cumulative hospitalization and mortality risk after valve surgery. These results invite further study on barriers to CR enrollment in this population.
Electronegative ligands enhance charge transfer to Mn12 single-molecule magnets deposited on graphene

Combining single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and emergent two-dimensional substrates such as graphene may lead to device configurations that are promising for spintronics and quantum computing. However, to fully exploit the unique features of SMMs anchored to two-dimensional substrates, the choice of ligand attachments, which could affect the magnetic and electronic properties, is critical. In this work, we focus on hybrid junctions comprising CVD-grown graphene and [Mn 12O 12(O 2CR) 16(H 2O) 4]( R = CH 3 , CHCl 2) SMMs with different ligands. We find that [Mn 12O 12(O 2CCH 3) 16(H 2O) 4] SMMs barely change the graphene’s conductivity, while [Mn 12O 12(O 2CCHCl 2) 16(H 2O) 4] SMMs with more electronegative ligands, by means of charge transfer, remarkably modify the electronic transport in graphene as revealed by gate-voltage dependent magnetotransport measurements.
Thoracic radiotherapy for renal cell carcinoma metastases.

409Background: For patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), metastasis-directed local therapies can delay progression and need to initiate/switch systemic therapy. We examined our exper...
A study of Chinese consumers’ adoption behaviour toward virtual fitting rooms

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese consumers’ adoption behaviour toward VFRs by using the Technology Acceptance Model. Additionally, this study aimed to examine the influence of t...
Norm-1 Regularized Consensus-based ADMM for Imaging with a Compressive Antenna

This letter presents a novel norm-1-regularized, consensus-based imaging algorithm, based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). This algorithm is capable of imaging metallic targets by using a limited amount of data. The distributed capabilities of the algorithm enable a fast imaging convergence. Recently, a compressive reflector antenna (CRA) has been proposed as a way to provide high sensing capacity with a minimum cost and complexity in the hardware architecture. The ADMM algorithm applied to the imaging capabilities of the CRA outperforms current state-of-the-art iterative reconstruction algorithms, such as Nesterov-based methods, in terms of computational cost, enabling the use of the CRA in quasi-real-time, compressive sensing imaging applications.
Safety and Performance of the Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Automated Insulin Delivery System in Toddlers and Preschoolers

Background: Glycemic control is particularly challenging for toddlers and preschoolers with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and data on the use of closed-loop systems in this age range are limited. Material...
The intersection of violence, substance use, depression, and STDs: testing of a syndemic pattern among patients attending an urban STD clinic.

Objectives High rates of psychosocial and health problems have been identified among patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, who are disproportionately urban, have low income, and are racial/ethnic minorities. This study sought to determine whether these problems co-occurred and whether they indicated the presence of a syndemic. Methods Patients (N = 1557, 46% female, 64% African American) attending an urban STD clinic completed a computerized survey assessing childhood sexual abuse (CSA), depressive symptoms, binge drinking, marijuana use, intimate partner violence (IPV), and sexual risk behavior. Medical records were reviewed to determine incident STD diagnosis. Results The psychosocial and health problems were interrelated. Endorsing more psychosocial problems was associated with a greater likelihood of having multiple sexual partners and STD diagnosis. Interactions between CSA and marijuana use and between CSA and IPV predicted STD diagnosis. Conclusions Numerous psychosocial and health problems co-occur among urban STD clinic patients. There was some evidence of a syngergistic relationship (ie, a syndemic) between these conditions, resulting in worsened sexual health outcomes. Health care needs to be multidisciplinary to address the multiple psychosocial and health problems faced by STD clinic patients. Research needs to identify factors that may underlie these comorbid conditions.