cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wild-type and Mutant Vacuolar Membranes Support pH-dependent Reassembly of the Yeast Vacuolar H+-ATPase in Vitro

Abstract Treatment of the yeast vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (H+-ATPase) with 300 mM KI in the presence of 5 mM MgATP results in a 90% inhibition of ATPase activity accompanied by removal of at least five of the peripheral subunits of the enzyme from the membrane. Functional reassembly of the enzyme, as indicated by reattachment of the peripheral subunits and a partial (30-70%) recovery of ATPase activity, could be achieved by dialysis of the stripped wild-type membranes to remove the KI and MgATP, but proved to be strongly pH-dependent, with optimal reassembly and recovery of activity occurring after dialysis at pH 5.5. Vacuolar membranes isolated from vma2Δ mutants, which lack one of the peripheral subunits of the enzyme, do not contain any of the peripheral subunits but are shown to contain assembled membrane (Vo) complexes. The vma2Δ mutant vacuoles are demonstrated to be competent for attachment of KI-stripped peripheral subunits and reactivation of ATPase activity. The results indicate that previously assembled Vo complexes are capable of inducing assembly of the peripheral subunits, both with each other and with the membrane subunits, and of activating the ATPase activity that resides in the peripheral subunits in a pH-dependent manner.
The permeability of fine-pored carbons to a variety of gases

Abstract The permeability of two fine-pored carbons was experimentally determined as a function of the mean pressure, temperature, temperature gradient and gas properties. The gases used in the investigation were helium, nitrogen, argon and sulfur hexafluoride. A mean temperature increase was found to decrease permeability. The application of the Carman and Arnell model does not lead to a satisfactory prediction of the dependence of the flow on the gas properties. A new correlation for the experimentally determined permeabilities is presented. The experimental data of other investigators is also shown to be correlated by this technique.
Microarray analysis of Xenopus endoderm expressing Ptf1a.

Pancreas-specific transcription factor 1a (Ptf1a), a bHLH transcription factor, has two temporally distinct functions during pancreas development; initially it is required for early specification of the entire pancreas, while later it is required for proper differentiation and maintenance of only acinar cells. The importance of Ptf1a function was revealed by the fact that loss of Ptf1a leads to pancreas agenesis in humans. While Ptf1a is one of the most important pancreatic transcription factors, little is known about the differences between the regulatory networks it controls during initial specification of the pancreas as opposed to acinar cell development, and to date no comprehensive analysis of its downstream targets has been published. In this article, we use Xenopus embryos to identify putative downstream targets of Ptf1a. We isolated anterior endoderm tissue overexpressing Ptf1a at two early stages, NF32 and NF36, and compared their gene expression profiles using microarrays. Our results revealed that Ptf1a regulates genes with a wide variety of functions, providing insight into the complexity of the regulatory network required for pancreas specification. genesis 50:853–870, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Some performance aspects of the extruder as a reactor

Continuous flow reactors are increasingly utilized for polymerization. Two aspects of reactor performance are considered here, with major emphasis on the screw extruder as a reactor. First, the effect of residence time distribution is discussed, and comparative calculations are made for several flow reactors using a simple model for a polycondensation reaction. We conclude that the extruder behaves nearly as a plug flow reactor. Second, the effect of viscous heating in the extruder is accounted for, in the limiting case of adiabatic operation. A model for the effect of heating on conversion is developed, and some implications for scale-up are noted.
The influences of perinatal challenge persist into the adolescent period in socially-housed bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata)

Social challenges during the perinatal period influence the mother-infant relationship in nonhuman primates and may affect the offspring's response to later social challenge(s). Relocation of a breeding colony of monkeys (Macaca radiata) created two groups of infants: one group experienced social group relocation to a new housing facility during the perinatal period (ATYPICAL) and the second group developed within a constant environment (TYPICAL). At a mean age of 25 months, all animals were removed from their natal group and placed in same sex adolescent social groups. Behavioral observations were collected after group formation or introduction to a new group. ATYPICAL subjects showed increased aggression and reduced affiliation compared to TYPICAL subjects. Hair cortisol in male subjects collected 6 months after introduction was elevated in the ATYPICAL subjects compared to TYPICAL subjects. These findings demonstrate that early life challenges affect behavior as well as stress hormone responses to social challenge in adolescence.
Comparison of Turbulence Models With Experiment for Heat Transfer in a Cooling Channel With Dimples

Turbine blade cooling is one of the most important developments in gas turbine history. Development of blade cooling enabled increase in firing temperature and in turn improving the efficiency. Different cooling channel geometries have been tested for improving the heat transfer efficiency. Smooth channels, channels with sharp bends, channels with ribs and other such tabulators were used to improve the turbulence and thereby increasing the efficiency. In the recent developments, hemi-spherical dimples are being considered instead of ribs as dimples have less pressure loss. This paper compares numerical computations of the heat transfer characteristics of a dimpled rectangular channel with published experimental values. Reynolds number ranges from 5000 to 40,000. For the numerical computations two different turbulence models, k-e and k-ω models are used, the software for the simulation was Fluent and grid generation was achieved by Ansys workbench. The dimpled channel results are normalized with the smooth channel results.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Modeling and Controller Design of Cooperative Robots in Workspace Sharing Human-Robot Assembly Teams

Human workers and robots are two major work- forces in modern factories. For safety reasons, they are sepa- rated, which limits the productive potentials of both parties. It is promising if we can combine human's flexibility and robot's productivity in manufacturing. This paper investigates the modeling and controller design method of workspace sharing human-robot assembly teams and adopts a two-layer interaction model between the human and the robot. In theoretical analysis, enforcing invariance in a safe set guarantees safety. In imple- mentation, an integrated method concerning online learning of closed loop human behavior and receding horizon control in the safe set is proposed. Simulation results in a 2D setup confirm the safety and efficiency of the algorithm.
Access to Health Services by the Poor and the Non-Poor: The Case of Vietnam

This paper examines the access of the poor and the non-poor in Vietnam to health-care services and discusses the extent to which each group benefits from government health subsidies in that country. It shows that while the overall utilization of health services improved in Vietnam between 1993 and 1998-a period of rapid economic growth, the access of the poor to health care did not improve as much as that of the better-off. The evidence points to increasing polarization of public health services, with the upper income groups constituting the majority of users of public hospital-based services and the lower income quintiles being the primary users of commune health centers. This polarization is especially problematic in view of the fact that the government spends more than three-quarters of its entire recurrent health budget on public hospitals. What this means is that the Vietnamese elite captures a disproportionate share of the large public subsidies that go into public hospitals.
Identification of a 32-34-kilodalton polypeptide as a herbicide receptor protein in photosystem II.

Abstract Photosystem II particles which retained high rates of herbicide-sensitive activity were used to examine the site(s) of action of various herbicides. A polypeptide of 32–34 kdaltons was identified as the triazine-herbicide binding site based upon: (a) parallel loss of atrazine activity and the polypeptide during either trypsin treatment or selective detergent depletion of protein in the Photosystem II complex, and (b) covalent labeling of the polypeptide by a 14 C-labeled photoaffinity triazine. In Photosystem II particles depleted of the 32–34-kdalton polypeptide, electron transport was still active and was slightly sensitive to DCMU and largely sensitive to dinoseb (urea and nitrophenol herbicides, respectively). On the basis of this result it is proposed that the general herbicide binding site common to atrazine, DCMU and dinoseb is formed by a minimum of two polypeptides which determine affinity and/or mediate herbicide-induced inhibition of electron transport on the acceptor side of Photosystem II.
Circular array phase modes supergain beamforming for arbitrary beampattern synthesis

Circular arrays are widely used in underwater acoustics array signal processing. In this paper a generalized method is proposed to synthesis beampattern for circular array phase modes beamforming and calculate superdirective mode coefficients numerically. For an arbitrary beampattern, we propose to calculate the mode space superdirective mode coefficients based on generalized inverse matrix. Computer simulation is held for 12-elements circular array with open sphere baffle. It is found that the proposed method is able to synthesis the Maximum Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) superdirective beampattern for large frequency range. This approach can be utilized to synthesis arbitrary beampattern, indicating its wide range of application in superdirectivity beamforming.
Equivalence checking using cuts and heaps

This paper presents a verification technique which isspecifically targeted to formally comparing large combinational circuits with some structural similarities. The approach combines the application of BDDs withcircuit graph hashing, automatic insertion of multiple cut frontiers, and a controlled elimination of false negative verification results caused by the cuts. Twoideas fundamentally distinguish the presented technique from previous approaches. First, originating from the cut frontiers, multiple BDDs are computedfor the internal nets of the circuit, and second, theBDD propagation is prioritized by size and discontinued once a given limit is exceeded.
Alexandre Koyré and the history of science in America: Some doctrinal and personal reflections

(1987). Alexandre Koyre and the history of science in America: Some doctrinal and personal reflections. History and Technology: Vol. 4, Science: The Renaissance of a History, pp. 71-79.
Diffusion of Weak Acids across Lipid Bilayer Membranes: Effects of Chemical Reactions in the Unstirred Layers

Chemical reactions in the aqueous unstirred layers of solution adjacent to a membrane can have dramatic effects on the diffusion of solutes across that membrane. This is demonstrated by the diffusion of labeled salicylate and salicylic acid across a phospholipid bilayer membrane. Two types of chemical reactions are considered. The first is an isotopic exchange reaction between the ionic and nonionic forms of a weak acid, HA + *A(-) [unknown] H*A + A(-). This reaction provides a way of estimating the true membrane permeability to a highly permeant weak acid and also a way of estimating the thickness of the unstirred layers. The second chemical reaction, the dissociation of a weak acid, HA [unknown] H(+) + A(-), can be used to show how the presence or absence of buffers in the unstirred layers controls the net transport of permeant weak acids across a membrane. In principle, the addition of appropriate "antacid" buffers to salicylates can increase their rate of absorption from the stomach.
A family of inverted repeat sequences and specific single-strand gaps at the termini of the Physarum rDNA palindrome

Ribosomal genes of Physarum polycephalum are located on multiple copies of an extrachromosomal, 61 kb rDNA palindrome. Each terminus of the palindrome consists of a nontranscribed spacer, averaging 5.4 kb in length, which includes a region of multiple inverted repeat sequences. Electron microscopy of denatured and reannealed termini reveals foldback segments that are multiples of a unit length of 50 bp, a length confirmed by sizing of restriction fragments from labeled termini. The total length of this inverted repeat region averages 600 bp per terminus, and the region is centered approximately 4 kb from the 3' end of the 26S gene. Restriction fragments containing the termini are heterogeneous, varying in length by +/- 400 bp. This heterogeneity is due to variability in both the number of 100 bp inverted repeats and the length of additional terminal spacer sequences. The inverted repeat region contains selectively located single-strand discontinuities as revealed by brief incubation with deoxynucleoside alpha-32P-triphosphates and E. coli DNA polymerase I (nick translation). Labelling at the discontinuities begins specifically with the sequence CCCTA. Discontinuities are nonligatable and are most likely gaps one nucleotide long. Each terminus contains 3 to 5 such gaps spaced approximately 200 bp apart. As measured by hybridization with selectively labeled foldback DNA, sequences homologous to the inverted repeats are widely distributed throughout chromosomal DNA.
Introduction to Sunspots in Macroeconomics

Abstract This introduction provides an overview of the three papers included in this symposium and highlights their contribution to the literature. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E00, E3, O40.
Ecological Hazards and Organizational Behavior: A Study of Dangerous Urban Space-Time Zones

Danger is a property of urban time and space largely grounded in the interpersonal interactions of inhabitants of that time and space. It was investigated using space-time partitions of urban life derived from police organization of the city. The purpose of this study was to begin integrating frameworks of organizational behavior and human response to dangerous environments by analyzing, in context, variables and relationships central to the study of organization. The sample consisted of 256 urban street patrol officers who completed a short questionnaire during normal working hours. Police archives were researched to document differences in danger patterns extended in space and time. There were significant differences in measured danger across police environments, though few consistently tranquil domains. The potential of the concept was suggested as level of danger significantly affected indicators of work performance, staffing, internal task interdependence and preferences for power decentralization. H...
Phosphine Oxide Derivatives as Hosts for Blue Phosphors: A Joint Theoretical and Experimental Study of Their Electronic Structure

We report on a joint theoretical and experimental investigation of the electronic structure of a series of bis(diphenylphosphine oxide) derivatives containing a central aromatic core with high triplet energy. Such molecules can serve as host material in the emissive layer of blue electro-phosphorescent organic devices. The aromatic cores considered in the theoretical study consist of biphenyl, fluorene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, dibenzothiophenesulfone, or carbazole, linked to the two phosphoryl groups in either para or meta positions. With respect to the isolated core molecules, it is found that addition of the diphenylphosphine oxide moieties has hardly any impact on the core geometry and only slightly reduces the energy of the lowest triplet state (by, at most, ∼0.2 eV). However, the diphenylphosphine oxide functionalities significantly impact the ionization potential and electron affinity values, in a way that is different for para and meta substitutions. Excellent comparison is obtained between...
The influence of relative humidity on Beauveria bassiana infectivity and replication in the chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus

Abstract Beauveria bassiana conidia were bioassayed for pathogenicity against adult chinch bugs, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus , at varying percent relative humidities (RH). The conidia were found to be invasive and pathogenic at all humidities tested. Normal fungal replication and conidiogenesis, however, occurred only on the hosts incubated at the 75% or higher RH levels.
Underutilization of Warfarin in Older Persons with Chronic Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation at High Risk for Developing Stroke

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of the use of warfarin to maintain an international normalized ratio (INR) between 2.0 and 3.0 in older persons with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and without contraindications to warfarin, who are at high risk for developing new thromboembolic (TE) stroke. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of charts from all older persons seen during 1997 at an academic hospital-based geriatrics practice. SETTING: An academic hospital-based geriatrics practice staffed by fellows in a geriatrics training program and full-time faculty geriatricians. PATIENTS: Three hundred eighty men and 1183 women, mean age 80 ± 8 years (range 59 to 103 years), were included in the study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 1563 persons studied, 141 (9%) had chronic nonvalvular AF. Of 141 persons with AF, 127 (90%) were at high risk for developing TE stroke because they had either a previous thromboembolism, congestive heart failure, or echocardiographic evidence of abnormal left ventricular systolic function; a systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg; or they were women older than 75 years of age. Of the 127 persons with AF at high risk for developing TE stroke, three (2%) had contraindications to warfarin. Of the 124 persons with AF at high risk for developing TE stroke and no contraindications to warfarin, 61 (49%) were treated with warfarin to maintain an INR between 2.0 and 3.0, and 45 (36%) were treated with 325 mg aspirin daily. Of 14 persons with AF at low risk for developing TE stroke, one (7%) was treated with warfarin to maintain an INR between 2.0 and 3.0, and six (43%) were treated with 325 mg aspirin daily. CONCLUSIONS: Warfarin is underutilized as a treatment to maintain an INR between 2.0 and 3.0 in older persons with chronic nonvalvular AF at high risk for developing TE stroke.
Stationary solutions of nonlinear stochastic evolution equations

General theorems concerning the existence and uniqueness of invariant measures are proved for a certain class of regular diffusion processes in Separable Banach spaces under some weak compactness and other conditions. Then, based on these theorems, some verifiable sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the existence and uniqueness of an invariant distribution for the strong solution to some nonlinear evolution equations in a Hilbert space. The results are applied to certain monotone parabolic Ito equations as well as to the 2-D Navier-Stokes equations under random perturbations
Solving Amorphous Structures—Two Pairs Beat One

Diffraction data can be used to determine atomic structures by creating and refining a structural model. If the calculated diffraction pattern is in sufficiently good statistical agreement with the data, we trust that a unique structure has been found. For single crystals, the data are well-defined diffraction spots that represent reflections off the repeating lattice of atoms. For amorphous materials, the data are transformed into a radial distribution function (RDF) that provides the distribution of interatomic distances, typically over the range from 1 to 10 A. In such cases, structural models can be tested against the RDF by analyzing the distribution of distances between random pairs of atoms. It is tempting to treat a model that has good agreement with the RDF as a unique structure, but on page 950 of this issue, Treacy and Borisenko ( 1 ) show that we cannot always rely on the RDF to fingerprint the correct medium-range structure (5 to 30 A) of a material that is disordered on the nanoscale. They show that more than one structure, including some that resemble crystals in their topology, can equally well fit the RDF of amorphous silicon (a-Si).
What are we fighting for? Rethinking resistance in a Pewenche community in Chile

The contradictory reactions by members of an indigenous group in southern Chile to the prospect of their displacement by a hydroelectric dam presents an opportunity to reconceptualize ‘resistance’, studies of which have come under increasing attack in recent years. Using this case, I explore contemporary perspectives on ‘subaltern’ struggle and propose an alternative framework for the interpretation of this phenomenon that seeks to salvage a viable conception of ‘resistance’ for future study. I argue that resistance studies’ current critique finds the bulk of its substance in deficiencies of the ‘everyday forms of resistance’ paradigm presently dominating the field and offer a tentative outline of ways in which the field might be reconceived so as to transcend this paradigm and direct the study of resistance into more productive arenas.
Use of nonmedical methods of labor induction and pain management among U.S. women.

Background There exists limited documentation of nonmedical methods of labor induction and pain management during childbirth in the United States. We estimated the prevalence of nonmedical interventions for induction and pain management and examined the association between medical and nonmedical care during labor. Methods We used a nationally representative survey of U.S. women who gave birth in 2005 (N = 1,382) to examine use of nonmedical methods of labor induction and pain management. Using logistic regression, we calculated odds of nonmedical and medical interventions to induce labor or mitigate pain, and the odds of medical induction and obstetric analgesia by whether nonmedical methods were reported. Results Nearly 30 percent of women used nonmedical methods to start labor, and over 70 percent of women used nonmedical pain management. Doula support was the strongest predictor of nonmedical methods of labor induction (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.0) and labor pain management (AOR = 5.7). Use of nonmedical pain management was significantly associated with decreased odds of medical pain management (OR = 0.65); this relationship was attenuated with covariate adjustment. Conclusions Nonmedical methods to induce labor and manage pain during childbirth are commonly used by U.S. women. Future research should examine effectiveness of these strategies and their influence on medical services use.
Analysis of the Albino-Locus Region of the Mouse: IV. Characterization of 34 Deficiencies

Thirty-four independent nonviable c-locus mutations (types cal, albino lethal and cas, albino subvital), derived from radiation experiments, were tested for involvement of nearby markers tp, Mod-2, sh-1, and Hbb: 10, 22, and 2 involved, respectively, none of these markers, Mod-2 alone, and Mod-2 plus sh-1. When classified on this basis, as well as according to developmental stage at which homozygotes die, and by limited complementation results, the 34 independent mutations fell into 12 groups. From results of a full-scale complementation grid of all 435 possible crosses among 30 of the mutations, we were able to postulate an alignment of eight functional units by which the 12 groups fit a linear pattern. Abnormal phenotypes utilized in the complementation study were deaths at various stages of prenatal or postnatal development, body weight, and reduction or absence of various enzymes. Some of these phenotypes can be separated by complementation (e.g., there is no evidence that mitochondrial malic enzyme influences survival at any age); others cannot thus be separated (e.g., glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency and neonatal death).—We conclude that all of the nonviable albino mutations are deficiencies overlapping at c, and ranging in size from <2cM to 6-11 cM. The characterization of this array of deficiencies should provide useful tools for gene-dosage studies, recombinant-DNA fine-structure analyses, etc. Since many of the combinations of lethals produce viable albino animals that resemble the standard c/c type, we conclude (a) that the c locus contains no sites essential for survival, and (b) that viable nonalbino c-locus mutations (cxv) are the result of mutations within the c cistron. Viable albinos (cav, the majority of radiation-induced c-locus mutations) may be intracistronic mutations or very small deficiencies.
Automatic detection of emotions with music files

The amount of music files available on the internet is constantly growing, as well as the access to recordings. Music is now so readily accessible in digital form that personal collections can easily exceed the practical limits of the time we have to listen to them. Today, the problem of building music recommendation systems, including systems which can automatically detect emotions with music files, is of great importance. In this work, we present a new strategy for automatic detection of emotions with musical instrument recordings. We use Thayer’s model to represent emotions. We extract timbre-related acoustic features. We train and test two classifiers. Results yield good recognition accuracy.
Adaptive radar signal processing - the problem of exponential computational cost

We provide a survey of space-time adaptive processing for radar target detection. Specifically, early work on adaptive array processing from the point of view of maximum signal-to-noise-ratio and minimum mean squared error perspectives are briefly reviewed for motivation. The sample matrix inversion method of Reed, Mallet and Brennan is discussed with attention devoted to its convergence properties. Variants of this approach such as the Kelly GLRT, adaptive matched filter and ACE tests are considered. Extensions to handle the case of nonGaussian clutter statistics are presented. Current challenges of limited training data support, computational cost, and severely heterogeneous clutter backgrounds are outlined. Implementation and performance issues pertaining to reduced rank and model-based parametric approaches are presented.
Attachment security and problematic substance use in low-income, suicidal, African American women

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While secure attachment may buffer the effect of adverse early experiences on the development of behavioral problems in children, whether attachment security may provide resilience against problematic substance use in adulthood is less clear, and addressed by this study. METHODS: We examined relations between attachment security and problematic substance use in 356 African American women recruited for a suicide prevention/intervention study. Problematic substance use was defined as a positive screen on either the Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test or the Drug Abuse Screening Test-10. Attachment security was assessed using the Secure Subscale of the Relationship Scales Questionnaire. Associations between demographic and psychosocial variables (age, education, unemployment, homelessness, attachment security, past childhood maltreatment, current exposure to intimate partner violence, and depressive symptoms) and problematic substance use were determined using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Participants averaged 35.1 ± 10.0 years of age, and exhibited significant psychosocial challenges. More secure attachment was independently associated with a lower likelihood of problematic drug use (OR = .516, 95% CI (.343-.777), p ≤ .01); and the problematic use of either alcohol or drugs (OR = .563, 95% CI (.374-.849), p ≤ .01). Attachment security, along with childhood maltreatment, age, and homelessness, accounted for 25.5% of the variance in problematic substance use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Participants who reported greater attachment security were significantly less likely to engage in problematic substance use. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Future research should explore attachment security as a resilience factor against problematic substance use. (Am J Addict 2014;23:294-299). Language: en
Gaps in sustainability education: The impact of higher education coursework on perceptions of sustainability

Purpose – This paper aims to examine how both the amount and type of coursework impact students’ conceptualizations of sustainability. Previous research demonstrates that academic coursework influences students’ environmental attitudes, yet few studies have examined the impact of coursework on how students conceptualize “sustainability”. Design/methodology/approach – Data are examined from the 2011 Sustainability Survey, which yielded a sample of 552 students at a medium-sized university in the southeastern USA. A series of four linear regression models estimate the impact of academic coursework on students’ conceptualizations of sustainability (ecosystems/nature, eco-efficiency, community/well-being and systemic change/innovation). Findings – The results indicate that the type of course that students take significantly impacts the way in which students conceptualize this term; the number of courses taken has no statistically significant impact. This suggests that mere exposure to a particular theme in a ...
Decimal Transcendentals via Binary

We describe the design and implementation of a comprehensive library of transcendental functions for the new IEEE decimal floating-point formats. In principle, such functions are very much analogous to their binary counterparts,though with a few additional subtleties connected with `scale' (preferred exponent). But our approach has been not to employ direct techniques, but rather to re-use existing binary functions as much as possible, both for greater efficiency and ease of implementation. For some functions the most straightforward approach (convert from decimal to binary, perform binary operation, convert back) works well. In many cases, however, these are insufficiently accurate, and subtler approaches must be used.
IDAP: A Tool for High Level Power Estimation of Custom Array Structures

While array structures are a significant source of power dissipation, there is a lack of accurate high-level power estimators that account for varying array circuit implementation styles. We present a methodology and a tool, the implementation-dependent array power (IDAP) estimator, that model power dissipation in SRAM-based arrays accurately based on a high-level description of the array. The models are parameterized by the array operations and various technology dependent parameters. The methodology is generic and the IDAP tool has been validated on industrial designs across a wide variety of array implementations in the e500 processor core (e500 is the Motorola processor core that is compliant with the PowerPC Book E architecture). For these industrial designs, IDAP generates high-level estimates for dynamic power dissipation that are accurate with an error margin of less than 22.2% of detailed (layout extracted) SPICE simulations. We apply the tool in three different scenarios: 1) identifying the subblocks that contribute to power significantly; 2) evaluating the effect of bitline-voltage swing on array power; and 3) evaluating the effect of memory bit-cell dimensions on array power.
Associative and item memory as outcome measures for Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials: A pilot study

OUTCOME MEASURES FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE CLINICAL TRIALS: A PILOT STUDY Andrew E. Budson, Hyemi Chong, Lisa M. Sardinha, Sibyl Salisbury, Dorene M. Rentz, Reisa A. Sperling; Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA; Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cognitive & Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Direct N-body Kernels for Multicore Platforms

We present an inter-architectural comparison of single-and double-precision direct n-body implementations on modern multicore platforms, including those based on the Intel Nehalem and AMD Barcelona systems, the Sony-Toshiba-IBM PowerXCell/8i processor, and NVIDA Tesla C870 and C1060 GPU systems. We compare our implementations across platforms on a variety of proxy measures, including performance, coding complexity, and energy efficiency.
Silurian Ramphoprionid polychaetes from Gotland, Sweden

Abstract Silurian ramphoprionid polychaete annelids, represented by their jaws (scolecodonts), are described from extensive collections from Gotland, Sweden. The family Ramphoprionidae, monotypic at its original description, is sub-divided into four genera; Protarabellites Stauffer, 1933; Ramphoprion Kielan-Jaworowska, 1962; “Pararamphoprion” Mannil and Zaslavskaya, 1985; and Megaramphoprion new genus. Identified species include “P.” cf. nordicus Mannil and Zaslavskaya, 1985; P. rectangularis new species; P. staufferi new species; P. triangularis new species; and two Protarabellites species left in open nomenclature. Ramphoprion is represented by one new highly plastic species, R. gotlandensis, housing five distinguishable morphotypes showing gradual evolution. Megaramphoprion, which is most closely related to Ramphoprion, is represented by M. magnus new genus and species, a rare but distinctive taxon. Most species have long stratigraphic ranges within which important morphological changes can nonetheless...
Geothermal Power Plants of New Zealand

November 15, 1958, marked the first time a power plant–produced electricity commercially from a liquid-dominated geothermal resource. On that day, the first of 13 units at Wairakei on the North Island began to feed 6.5 MW of power into the New Zealand grid. From then until 1963, a dozen more units joined the plant making the total installed capacity 192.6 MW.
Digital Tools and the History of Political Thought: The Case of Jean Bodin

As scholars debate the virtues, drawbacks, and even the existence of the digital humanities, it is worth thinking more narrowly about how certain digital tools might be put to use in the study of the history of political thought. In what follows, I examine the case of Jean Bodin’s Les six livres de la republique, a work as challenging as it is important. By means of examples of the development of that work and of certain relatively new techniques, I consider the opportunities that these tools afford us for the composition of digital variorum editions that are broadly collaborative, fully accessible, up-to-date, and featuring a heretofore impossible degree of editorial accountability.
SY14-5CANNABIS USE DISORDERS: LATEST DATA ON CANNABINOID FORMULATIONS, ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION AND TREATMENT

Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug worldwide, and treatment admissions for cannabis use disorders have risen considerably in recent years. In addition, with broader societal acceptance of recreational and ‘medical’ cannabis in many countries, there are rapid changes in the formulation and route of administration, which have important implications for abuse liability. This presentation will first describe the range of ways cannabinoids are currently abused: smoking plant-based cannabis, vaporization, oral formulations, synthetic cannabinoids. Second, we will describe the latest research on potential treatments for cannabis use disorder. Although psychosocial strategies improve treatment outcome, relapse rates remain high so the development of an approved medication for the treatment of cannabis dependence is a priority. Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies testing potential pharmacotherapies will be presented. This will include strategies to directly reduce cannabis intoxication, cannabis withdrawal (i.e., irritability, anxiety, disrupted sleep) and relapse to cannabis. To date, the most promising medications include a slow onset, long-duration oral CB1 receptor agonist, nabilone, an anti-hypertensive, lofexidine in combination with the oral cannabinoid, dronabinol, an opioid antagonist, naltrexone, and the GABAergic agonist, gabapentin. These recent findings suggest that more treatment options may soon be developed for those seeking treatment for cannabis-related problems. Supported by NIDA (DA09236, DA19239, DA031005)
Fabrication of Electrically Conductive Metal Patterns at the Surface of Polymer Films by Microplasma-Based Direct Writing

We describe a direct-write process for producing electrically conductive metal patterns at the surface of polymers. Thin films of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) loaded with Ag ions are reduced by a scanning, atmospheric-pressure microplasma to form crystalline Ag features with a line width of 300 μm. Materials analysis reveals that the metallization occurs in a thin layer of ∼5 μm near the film surface, suggesting that the Ag ions diffuse to the surface. Sheet resistances of 1–10 Ω/sq are obtained independent of film thickness and Ag volume concentration, which is desirable for producing surface conductivity on polymers while minimizing metal loading.
Logistic Information Level Testing Based on Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation

The logistic information level testing based on fuzzy synthetic evaluation was realized by using membership grade function to establish the fuzzy evaluation matrix element value. The process consists of establishing factor set, choosing set, vector set, single factor fuzzy and multi-grade fuzzy synthetic evaluation. The second grade synthetic evaluation includes logistics basic equipment establishment, logistics information technology application, information logistics equipment, and logistics information experts. The first grade synthetic evaluation was evaluated according to matrix membership degree.
Juvenile onset primary open-angle glaucoma: three case studies and review.

Background Common clinical characteristics of juvenile onset primary open-angle glaucoma (JPOAG) include increased intraocular pressure, optic nervehead damage, visual-field loss, and a normal-appearing iridocorneal angle by gonioscopy. Histologic analysis of the angle structures may show varying developmental abnormalities that are observed to be less obvious as age of onset increases. Individuals who are African-American, male in gender, and myopio, are at highest risk--particularly if a positive family history exists. A genetic locus for juvenile onset primary open-angle glaucoma has been isolated to the long arm of chromosome 1. Case reports Three separate cases of JPOAG diagnosed in a 16-year-old African-American girl, a 9-year-old African-American boy, and a 28-year-old African-American woman are presented and reviewed. The symptoms, clinical presentation, disease progression, and treatment options are discussed in detail. Conclusion Early recognition of this disease is possible through screening on all patients--particularly those who exhibit increased cupping with increased intraocular pressures and risk factors, such as youthful age, male gender, myopic refractive error, and African-American heritage with a positive family history of glaucoma. Family members should also be examined.
A mowing strategy to convert red clover to annual crops in organic farming

Organic producers are interested in no-till cropping systems. In this study, we found that perennial clover can be converted to corn without tillage. Conversion tactics involved fall mowing in the third year of red clover, followed by between-row mowing of weeds and volunteer red clover in corn grown during the fourth year. Corn yielded 85% of the weed-free control with mowing conversion. In contrast, weed interference in tillage-based conversion and between-row tillage reduced corn yield 53%. Weed emergence was sixfold greater in the tilled conversion. Weeds were present in the corn row with mowing, but recently developed implements could control these weeds and further support a no-till conversion method.
The Rise of the House of Leisure: Outdoor Guides, Practical Knowledge, and Industrialization

Industrialization sent Americans outdoors to escape, recreate, and learn things with their bodies. This impulse explains the rise of professional guiding as a form of labor. In turn, guiding reveals an underlying economy of expertise that bound cities with nature, work with play, East with West, and industrialization with tourism and consumption.
Sensitivities of Land Cover–Precipitation Feedback to Convective Triggering

AbstractThe land surface state can be an important factor in the triggering of precipitation, whose depiction in Earth system models (ESMs) crucially relies on the representation of convective initiation. However, the sensitivity of land-cover change–precipitation feedbacks to different parameterized triggering criteria in ESMs has not been examined. In this study, a new triggering mechanism based on the heated condensation framework (HCF) is implemented in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). A set of land-cover change experiments with different convective triggering conditions are performed to evaluate the influence of convective triggering on land–atmosphere coupling strength and the response of summer afternoon precipitation to land-cover change over North America. Compared with the default parameterization, which depends on a CAPE threshold, the HCF trigger shows an improvement in the diurnal timing of summer precipitation but larger dry biases over much of the study area. With the HCF trigger, C...
A comparison of electronic and manual fracture risk assessment tools in screening elderly male US veterans at risk for osteoporosis.

Summary This study compares four screening tools in their ability to predict osteoporosis. We found that there was no significant difference between the tools. These results provide support for the use of automated screening tools which work in conjunction with the electronic medical record and help improve screening rates for osteoporosis.
Novel concepts for damage control resuscitation in trauma.

Purpose of reviewTraumatic injuries are a major cause of mortality worldwide. Damage control resuscitation or balanced transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells for the management of exsanguinating hemorrhage after trauma has become the standard of care. We review the literature regardin
Computational screening of MOF-supported transition metal catalysts for activity and selectivity in ethylene dimerization

Abstract Deposition of small metal-oxide clusters on the Zr-based nodes of a metal-organic framework has been demonstrated to provide access to a variety of single-site catalysts. Well-defined catalytic active sites are amenable to detailed computational studies of potential catalytic pathways, and they invite screening a wide range of metals to assess their expected activity. Here we report the application of density functional theory to a variety of transition metals (in particular TiIV, VII, VIV, CrII, CrIII, MnII, MnIV, FeII, FeIII, NiII, CoII, CoIII, CuII, CuIII, PdII, MoII, and WII) supported on NU-1000 inorganometallic nodes to evaluate their activity for ethylene dimerization. We found that the rate-determining step varies between different catalysts, which illustrates the importance of considering more than a single step when comparing catalytic cycles across a variety of metals. Our calculations are consistent with the known good activity of supported NiII for ethylene dimerization, and they predict that CrII and PdII are also potentially useful catalysts for this process. We also screen modifications to the organic linker of NiII-NU-1000 by considering the addition of Me, iPr, tBu, CF3 and NH2 groups to study the influence of sterically demanding and, the case of CF3 and NH2, respectively, electron-donating and -withdrawing, substituents on the activity for ethylene dimerization; we predict no improvements in activity or selectivity (for 1-butene) with such substitutions.
Towards a two-phase unsupervised system for cybersecurity concepts extraction

This paper explores a novel named entity recognition approach to locate and classify cybersecurity concepts from unstructured texts. The proposed system follows a two-phase procedure. Phase one aims for named entity location, which can be achieved by any existing NER system that is well trained on generic and annotated English articles. The output of phase one is a processed text in which named entities are located and well marked. In phase two, we prepare two core components that define the domain knowledge. One is a word2vec-based domain model trained on a large corpus of cybersecurity articles, and the other is a domain ontology that comprises hierarchical concept classes as well as instances. With these two components and the output from phase one, we propose a voting-based model to classify the marked named entities into fine-grained classes. The proposed NER system is unsupervised, meaning that no annotated training corpus is needed. As such, it can be easily customized to suit a variety of domains in addition to cybersecurity. Our evaluation shows promising results which indicate the potential of the proposed system.
Method of resection of branch-duct IPMN

IPMNs of the pancreas are precursor lesions to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The risk of malignancy in IPMN is based on further subclassification into three types: main-duct IPMN (MD-IPMN), branch-duct IPMN (BD-IPMN), and mixed-type IPMN (MT-IPMN). The malignant potential of MD and MT is substantial and most should undergo resection. The BD-IPMN subtype is more indolent and the decision to resect is more selective. The international consensus guidelines for the management of cystic neoplasms known as the “Sendai criteria” or “Tanaka criteria” provide recommendations for the management of BD-IPMN based on risk of malignancy. Indications for resection of BD-IPMN include the high-risk stigmata of jaundice and the presence of a solid component. Since the decision to resect IPMN is based on concern for malignancy, a formal oncological operation should be performed. The outcome of resected benign BD-IPMN is good. However, the risk of progressive or new IPMN disease, including invasive cancer, in patients undergoing resection of BD-IPMN is significant, and these individuals need to be followed closely and indefinitely.
Mother Tongue Education: Standard Language

Although 50 years of research shows that initial school instruction in the mother tongue of the learners is preferable to beginning instruction in an official language, language policies in different countries respond to a number of social, historical, economic, cultural, and political factors. Furthermore, schools have tended to impose a standard form of the language of instruction, which does not match the conventions of the actual mother tongue or the official language. The article includes suggestions for alternatives to imposing a standard form.