cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rewards for organ donation: the time has come

Strategies to expand the pool of solid organs for transplantation have had only limited success. Waiting times exceeding 5 years and/or waiting mortality are not uncommon. A system of financial rewards for living and deceased organ donation is proposed. The reward program would be administered by the federal government. Donors or beneficiaries would receive a fixed financial reward, similar to the payout of an insurance policy, from a federal agency. Such a system would be consistent with similar financial rewards given in our society to recognize instances of personal self-sacrifice and risk taking performed for the benefit of others.
Order-of-magnitude reduction of the photorefractive response time in rhodium-doped Sr(0.6)Ba(0.4)Nb(2)O(6) with a dc electric field.

We present what is to our knowledge the first report on the photorefractive properties of Rh-doped Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 and experimental results showing a reduction of the photorefractive two-beam coupling response time by more than an order of magnitude with an external dc field of 10 kV/cm.
Cerebral blood flow MRI in mice using the cardiac-spin-labeling technique

Continuous arterial spin labeling MRI with a separate neck labeling coil provides a highly sensitive method to image cerebral blood flow (CBF). In mice, however, this has not been possible because the proximity of the neck coil to the brain significantly saturates the brain signal. To overcome this limitation, the Cardiac Spin Labeling (CSL) technique is introduced in which the labeling coil is placed at the heart position. To demonstrate its utility, CSL CBF was applied to image quantitative basal CBF and hypercapnia-induced CBF changes. This approach provides a practical means to image CBF with high sensitivity in small animals, compares favorably to existing mouse CBF imaging techniques, and could broaden CBF applications in mice where many brain disease and transgenic models are widely available.
Significance of mycoplasma infections in children with respiratory disease.

Techniques for the detection of mycoplasma have been utilized in a longitudinal study of respiratory disease in a children9s home. M. pharyngis or M. salivarium were detected in almost half of throat samples obtained from children when well or ill. Neither M. pharyngis nor M. salivarium seems to be related etiologically to respiratory disease. During the first year of observation for mycoplasma, there was no evidence of recent infection with M. pneumoniae. However, in the autumn of 1964, 27 of 46 children had a positive throat sample and/or a significant rise in complement fixing antibodies to M. pneumoniae. M. pneumoniae was recovered from 5 children with a mild pneumonitis and from 10 children who were well. Multiple isolations of M. pneumoniae were obtained as much as 3 months apart from some children. The outbreak was characterized by a rather slow progression of infection and a relatively prolonged carrier state.
Crystal Chemistry of Rubidium Uranyl Molybdates: Crystal Structures of Rb6[(UO2)(MoO4)4], Rb6[(UO2)2O(MoO4)4], Rb2[(UO2)(MoO4)2], Rb2[(UO2)2(MoO4)3] and Rb2[(UO2)6(MoO4)7(H2O)2]

Abstract Five Rb uranyl molybdates have been prepared by solid-state reactions and hydrothermal syntheses. The structure of each compound has been investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected using Mo K α radiation and a Charge-Coupled-device-based area detector. The structure of Rb 6 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 4 ] (monoclinic, C 2/ c , Z =4, a =17.312(1) A, b =11.5285(8) A, c =13.916(1) A, β =127.634(1)°, V =2199.4(3) A 3 , R 1 =0.029) is based on finite clusters of composition [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 4 ] 6− composed of a Ur O 4 ( Ur : UO 2 2+ uranyl ion) tetragonal bipyramid that shares each equatorial vertex with an adjacent MoO 4 tetrahedron. The structure of Rb 6 [(UO 2 ) 2 O(MoO 4 ) 4 ] (triclinic, P -1, Z =2, a =10.1567(5) A, b =10.1816(5) A, c =13.1129(6) A, α =76.921(1)°, β =76.553(1)°, γ =65.243(1)°, V =1184.8(1) A 3 , R 1 =0.047) is based upon chains of composition [(UO 2 ) 2 O(MoO 4 ) 4 ] 6− containing Ur O 5 pentagonal bipyramids and MoO 4 tetrahedra. The structure of Rb 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ] (monoclinic, P 2 1 / c , Z =8, a =12.302(1) A, b =13.638(1) A, c =13.508(1) A, β =94.975(2)°, V =2257.8(4) A 3 , R 1 =0.059) contains sheets of composition [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ] 2− involving corner-sharing Ur O 5 pentagonal bipyramids and MoO 4 tetrahedra. The structure of Rb 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 ] (orthorhombic, Pna 2 1 , Z =4, a =20.214(1) A, b =8.3744(4) A, c =9.7464(5) A, V =1649.9(1) A 3 , R 1 =0.027) consists of a framework with composition [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 ] 2− that involves corner-sharing Ur O 5 pentagonal bipyramids and MoO 4 tetrahedra. The structure of Rb 2 [(UO 2 ) 6 (MoO 4 ) 7 (H 2 O) 2 ] (orthorhombic, Pbcm , Z =4, a =13.961(2) A, b =10.7515(16) A, c =25.579(4) A, V =3839(1) A 3 , R 1 =0.037) consists of a framework of corner-sharing Ur O 5 pentagonal bipyramids, Ur O 4 (H 2 O) pentagonal bipyramids and MoO 4 tetrahedra. These structures are compared to those of other uranyl molybdates. The structural diversity and variability of uranyl molybdates is related to the high degree of flexibility of the U–O–Mo linkages.
Comparison between Neutral Gels and Neutralized Polyelectrolyte Gels in the Presence of Divalent Cations

Introduction In the past decade several investigations have been reported on various hydrogels,1-3 particularly neutral polymer gels [e.g., poly(acrylamide) or poly(vinyl alco­ hol)] and weakly charged polyelectrolytes [e.g., poly­ (acrylic acid) or poly(styrenesulfonate)]. Less attention has been paid to neutralized polyelectrolytes in the presence of added salt. It is generally understood that fully neutralized polyelectrolyte gels in the presence of excess salt can be treated as neutral networks,4 because the Coulombic interactions are completely screened and the chains obey Gaussian statistics. Previous studies5-7 indicate that multivalent counterions are specifically bound to the polyelectrolyte chains and can act as additional cross-links. It is also known that the binding strength depends strongly on the nature of the particular polyion-counterion pair. However, the effect of such mul­ tivalent counterions on the thermodynamic and elastic properties of the network has not been fully elucidated. In this note the effect of Ca2+ on the osmotic and scattering properties of fully neutralized sodium poly­ acrylate (PSA) gel is compared to that of changing the cross-link density in the corresponding neutral poly­ acrylamide (PAA) gel. In this comparison changes in the thermodynamic properties are investigated using comple­ mentary experimental techniques (light scattering, SANS, swelling pressure, and shear modulus measure­ ments) to probe different characteristic length scales. Both kinds of gel are prepared by the same procedure with the same cross-linking agent [N,N′-methylene­ (bisacrylamide)]. In the PAA gels the cross-link density was varied, while in the PSA gels, changes in the molecular interactions were induced by adding divalent cations. Both systems were investigated over a similar range of polymer volume fraction (0.03 < r < 0.25).
Making Assessments While Taking Repeated Risks: A Pattern of Multiple Response Pathways

Beyond simply a decision process, repeated risky decisions also require a number of cognitive processes including learning, search and exploration, and attention. In this article, we examine how multiple response pathways develop over repeated risky decisions. Using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) as a case study, we show that 2 different response pathways emerge over the course of the task. The assessment pathway is a slower, more controlled pathway where participants deliberate over taking a risk. The 2nd pathway is a faster, more automatic process where no deliberation occurs. Results imply the slower assessment pathway is taken as choice conflict increases and that the faster automatic response is a learned response. Based on these results, we modify an existing formal cognitive model of decision making during the BART to account for these dual response pathways. The slower more deliberative response process is modeled with a sequential sampling process where evidence is accumulated to a threshold, while the other response is given automatically. We show that adolescents with conduct disorder and substance use disorder symptoms not only evaluate risks differently during the BART but also differ in the rate at which they develop the more automatic response. More broadly, our results suggest cognitive models of judgment decision making need to transition from treating observed decisions as the result of a single response pathway to the result of multiple response pathways that change and develop over time.
Use of the Time-Sharing Computer in Business Planning and Budgeting

The time-sharing computer system now being operated in Phoenix by the Computer Department offers any Company executive willing to spend a few days learning to use the system an entirely new capability to explore and prepare business forecasts. The system does the arithmetic and prints the results in the privacy of the user's office in a few minutes. The planner can explore a range of assumptions and estimates impossible to handle by manual methods and difficult and time-consuming by more traditional computer methods. With the system, the planner can state his basic data and assumptions, observe the results, and then modify any of the assumptions he chooses and get new results within a few minutes. By following this procedure several times it is possible to explore the effects of a variety of environmental assumptions, such as market and price structure for a new product, and to find out what budget of costs for the new product must be realized to yield acceptable business results. This procedure, which requires many days of the time of several individuals by manual methods, can be completed in most cases by one man in less than one day, including the initial programming. An example from a recent new business study is given.
Effort for Payment A Tale of Two Markets

The standard model of labor is one in which individuals trade their time and energy in return for monetary rewards. Building on Fiske's relational theory (1992), we propose that there are two types of markets that determine relationships between effort and payment: monetary and social. We hypothesize that monetary markets are highly sensitive to the magnitude of compensation, whereas social markets are not. This perspective can shed light on the well-established observation that people sometimes expend more effort in exchange for no payment (a social market) than they expend when they receive low payment (a monetary market). Three experiments support these ideas. The experimental evidence also demonstrates that mixed markets (markets that include aspects of both social and monetary markets) more closely resemble monetary than social markets.
4. Status and Importance of Radioimmunoassay in Poultry Research

Abstract The importance of radioimmunoassay (RIA) cannot be fully realized at the present time, but a review of the present status helps one predict the future importance of RIA. Before making a choice of assay methods to study avian endocrinology, one should consider the common radioassay procedures such as competitive protein binding, receptor binding and RIA. Advantages and disadvantages of these radioassays will be discussed. Work in avian endocrinology, making use of radioassay has been concentrated on the pituitary thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormones. The work done with these groups of hormones will be reviewed. The usefulness of the RIA in correlating biologically significant events depends on having a valid assay. Data will be presented on turkey FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, 17 β-estradiol, testosterone and progesterone to focus attention to adequate and appropriate assay validation. The validation criteria that will be discussed include, sensitivity, specificity, recovery and statistical homogeneity of standard and unknown regressions.
Linked Fate and Outgroup Perceptions Blacks, Latinos, and the U.S. Criminal Justice System

Studies focusing on black–Latino intergroup perceptions in zero-sum environments (e.g., jobs) have found little perceived outgroup discrimination or a tendency for each group to perceive the injust...
Neonatal and childhood perioperative considerations.

The perioperative care of infants and children requires a team approach. Surgeons must recognize potential risk factors for adverse perioperative events and work with the anesthesiologist and other consultants to reduce or eliminate these factors to optimize the child’s perioperative care. In the past decade, there has been considerable progress in perioperative management that now makes surgery safer and less distressing for children and their families. In this review, the authors cover recent advances in preoperative evaluation and intraoperative and postoperative management, focusing mainly on the immediate perioperative period for elective surgical procedures. Consistent with the authors’ view that the optimal outcome is achieved by close collaboration of members of the surgical team, this review was written jointly by surgeons and an anesthesiologist.
An imaging system for standardized quantitative analysis of C. elegans behavior

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used for the genetic analysis of neuronal cell biology, development, and behavior. Because traditional methods for evaluating behavioral phenotypes are qualitative and imprecise, there is a need for tools that allow quantitation and standardization of C. elegans behavioral assays. Here we describe a tracking and imaging system for the automated analysis of C. elegans morphology and behavior. Using this system, it is possible to record the behavior of individual nematodes over long time periods and quantify 144 specific phenotypic parameters. These tools for phenotypic analysis will provide reliable, comprehensive scoring of a wide range of behavioral abnormalities, and will make it possible to standardize assays such that behavioral data from different labs can readily be compared. In addition, this system will facilitate high-throughput collection of phenotypic data that can ultimately be used to generate a comprehensive database of C. elegans phenotypic information. The hardware configuration and software for the system are available from wschafer@ucsd.edu.
The Utility of a Strategic Postmodernism

Although the postmodern turn has profound implications for the social sciences, its reception in sociology has been mixed. In this article I briefly review these encounters and suggest an embrace o...
On the MIMO channel capacity for the dual and asymptotic cases over Hoyt channels

This paper presents the dual (2times2) MIMO channel capacity over the Hoyt fading channel. The joint eigenvalue distribution of the channel matrix is obtained and it is shown that the effect of the Hoyt parameter b can degrade around 8.5% the channel capacity. For the ttimesr case, an asymptotic result is also derived. All the results are validated by numerical Monte Carlo simulations and are in excellent agreement
The Impact of Computer Technology on Construction's Future

: This paper provides summary descriptions of computer-based technologies that will increasingly affect the execution and efficacy of construction projects. The role these technologies will play is described for each of five project phases: conceptual planning, design and procurement, construction, startup, and operations and maintenance. Implications for the work force brought about by increasing reliance on computer technology are discussed.
Characterization of symptoms and edema distribution in premenstrual syndrome.

Background: Premenstrual syndrome is a group of symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle, and edema is among these symptoms. Physiotherapy is often sought by many patients for the treatment of edema; however, for an adequate prescription of physiotherapeutic procedures, the distribution of edema throughout the body has yet to be characterized. Objective: To determine the most frequent symptoms and body regions that present with edema in women during the premenstrual period. Subjects and methods: Sixty women with a mean age of 24.6±4.7 years were evaluated during their premenstrual (between days 21 and 28) and menstrual period (between days 1 and 3), and the collected data included body mass, height, biotype (body-fat distribution), face, breast, limb-circumference measurements, and limb-volume estimate, and an adapted version of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool was used. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and the test for equality of two proportions (P0.05). Results: Premenstrual syndrome was identified in 91.7% of the women, and the most frequent symptoms were irritability (73.33%) and physical symptoms, including swelling (65%), and anxiety (58.3%). Edema was detected in the following areas: facial, epigastric, mammary, umbilical, and pubic, the mid-third of the arms, distal forearm, in both thighs and in the mid-third of the legs determined by circumference measurements, and in both upper and lower limbs, according to the estimated volume. Conclusion: In this study population, the most frequent symptoms were irritability, physical symptoms, and anxiety, with distribution of edema in the face, breast, abdomen, pubic area, distal upper limb, and proximal lower limb.
Microwave Enhancement of Chemical and Physical Reactions

Examples of the effects of microwave processing are presented that suggest that microwave “heating” creates higher excitation levels and increased chemical and physical reactions within a material than would be expected if the only change that had been produced by the microwaves was a rise in temperature. The examples include a chemical coal-cleaning process. the destruction of coronene in alcohol, heating of high-temperature superconducting compounds. and a microwave-induced photovoltaic effect.
Unsteady Free-Surface Flow Computations

The solutions of the free-surface equations for subcritical unsteady one-dimensional flow are solved by four different formulations, each based on the method of characteristics. Advantages and disadvantages of each procedure are given. Examples emphasize the important features and corroborate a stability criteria that is presented. The implicit characteristics grid approach is the most accurate for overland flow situations or analysis of single channels; however, it is not useful for complex systems. The explicit rectangular grid is the simplest to program but may lead to instabilities if very large time increments are used. The latter method is also comparatively expensive for long duration transients.
Normal Electroencephalography Variants in Sleep

Normal variants, also known as benign epileptiform variants (BEVs), are uncommonly occurring waveforms that may appear epileptogenic to the untrained eye. Five BEVs have been described. This chapter shows samples of three BEVs that often occur in sleep and that a sleep specialist may therefore encounter on a polysomnography (PSG). We also show samples of four other electroencephalographic (EEG) phenomena that occur frequently yet may cause confusion in certain situations.
Connectivity in random forests and credit networks

Recent work has highlighted credit networks as an effective mechanism for modeling trust in a network: agents issue their own currency and trust each other for a certain amount of each other's currency, allowing two nodes to transact if there is a chain of sufficient residual trust between them. Under a natural model of repeated transactions, the probability that two agents can successfully transact in a credit network (i.e. the liquidity between these two agents) is the same as the probability that they are connected to each other in a uniformly random forest of the network.Motivated by this connection, we define the RF-connectivity between a pair of nodes in a graph G as the probability that the two nodes belong to the same connected component in a uniformly random forest of G. Our first result is that for an arbitrary subset S of nodes in G, the average RF-connectivity between pairs of nodes in S is at least 1 − 2/h(GS), where h(GS) is the edge expansion of the subgraph GS induced by S. Informally, this implies that a well-connected "community" of nodes S in a credit network will have high liquidity among themselves, regardless of the structure of the remaining network. We extend this result to show that in fact every node in S has good average RF-connectivity to other nodes in S whenever S has good edge expansion. We also show that our results are nearly tight by proving an upper bound on the liquidity of regular graphs.For our motivating application, it is important that we relate the average RF-connectivity in S to the expansion inside S and not merely to expansion of G since we would like to assert that a well-connected community has high liquidity even if the graph as a whole is not well-connected. This naturally leads to a monotonicity conjecture: the RF-connectivity of two nodes can not decrease when a new edge is added to G. We show that the monotonicity conjecture is equivalent to showing negative correlation between inclusion of any two edges in a random forest, a long-standing open problem. Our result about the average RF-connectivity of nodes in S may be viewed as establishing a weak version of the monotonicity conjecture.
A Prelude to Strategic Management of an Online Enterprise.

Strategic management is expected to allow an organization to maximize given constraints and optimize limited resources in an effort to create a competitive advantage that leads to better results. For both for-profit and non-profit organizations, such strategic thinking helps the management make informed decisions and sustain long-term planning. To be customer centric, administrators of distance education may need to assess their constituents’ (e.g., students) needs and expectations prior to any strategic planning. In the present study the authors explore what viable factors may explain (a) student academic success, (b) student face-to-face interaction with the instructor, and (c) student separation of school life and personal life. Results and implications are discussed.
In-Situ Studies of Interfacial Bonding of High-k Dielectrics for CMOS Beyond 22nm

Using in-situ synthesis and surface analysis, we examine the reactions of selected high-k dielectrics with candidate alternate channel materials, Ge and InGaAs, for CMOS applications beyond 22 nm. The study of the reaction of Hf-germanate on Ge and alumina on InGaAs are presented. The in-situ methods described enables the study of the bond formation at these interfaces, and enables a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms.
Allylic hydroxy fatty compounds with Δ5‐, Δ7‐, Δ8‐, and Δ10‐Unsaturation

Several novel allylic mono- and dihydroxy fatty compounds were synthesized from Δ5, Δ7-, Δ8-, and Δ10-monounsaturated fatty acids with the selenium dioxide/tert-butyl-hydroperoxide. Chainlengths were C19 for Δ7 and Δ10, and C20 for Δ5 and Δ8 compounds. With a full range of Δ5- to Δ11-unsaturated allylic monohydroxy fatty compounds available, position-dependent effects in the13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of these compounds are discussed. The olefinic carbon shift differences in monohydroxy compounds, where the OH group is located between the double bond and the terminal methyl group, were plotted as a function of double-bond distance from C1. This plot is presumably a rational function. During SeO2-based hydroxylation, lactonization of the hydroxy groups, located between the double-bond and the carboxyl group, also occurs for Δ5 unsaturation.
Numerical Simulation of Tread Effects on the Interaction Between Cellular Shear Band Based Non-Pneumatic Tire and Sand

To optimize the design of the non-pneumatic tire for NASA’s new Moon mission, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to investigate the tread effects on the interaction between cellular shear band-based non-pneumatic tire and sand. The cellular shear bands, which are made of an aluminum alloy (AL7075-T6), are designed to have the same effective shear modulus of 6.5E+6 Pa. The Lebanon sand found in New Hampshire is used and Drucker-Prager/Cap plasticity constitutive law with hardening is employed to model the sand. The tires and tread are treated as deformable elastic bodies. Penalty contact algorithm is used to model the tangential behavior of the contact between the tread and sand and Coulomb’s law is considered for the friction between tire and sand. Numerical results show the deformation of sand and tire. The stress (strain) distribution in sand, tire, and along the interface between them are also presented. The effect of the tread on the contact pressure between tire and sand is explored. Numerical results show that the shear band with cellular geometry of (θ = −65°, h = 21) is the most promising for use in the non-pneumatic tire.© 2011 ASME
Free-Form Conjugation Theory

The paper presents the first theory and practice for free-form conjugation design and extends the conventional conjugate tooth profiles to free-form tooth profiles. It presents a conjugation theory that offers a rigorous correspondence between a conjugate pair and the cutter profile or contact path, discovers the necessary and sufficient conditions for non-undercutting with differential curves, and thus extends the traditional free-form single surface modeling to dual conjugate surface modeling. Free-form conjugation modeling and synthesis can be carried out through the cutter profile or the contact path surface. The paper offers a general theory and methodology for free-form modeling and synthesis of planar conjugation, extend the traditional single surface free-form modeling to dual-surface conjugation modeling, and establishes the foundation that will offer much needed design freedom enabling one searching for conjugate surfaces with optimal or desired performance in any transmission involving contact surfaces. The theory is demonstrated in gear tooth profile design through splines and thus provides a fresh perspective on gearing.© 2011 ASME
Effect of nutritional status on immune phenomena.

Adverse effects of nutritional deficiencies on antibody production and cellular immunity are the focus of this review.
CHAPTER 10 – RC and RL Time Constants

This chapter discusses the time relationships of current and voltage in DC resistive-capacitive and resistive-inductive circuits. The time constant of a resistor–capacitor (RC) circuit is defined as the amount of time necessary for the capacitor to charge to 63.2 percent of its final voltage. The time constant is symbolized by the Greek letter, tau, τ. For an RC circuit, tau is equal to the value of the resistance times the value of capacitance in the circuit. The time constant of an RL circuit is defined as the amount of time necessary for the current in the circuit to reach 63.2 percent of its maximum value. Because the voltages and the currents in an RL circuit increase and decrease exponentially as well as follow similar equations to the ones used for the RC circuit, the Universal Time Constant Chart can be used to determine voltages and/or current in the RL circuit during their rise or decay. The chapter reviews the exponential curves, which explain the rise of voltage across a capacitor in an RC circuit or the rise of inductive current in an RL circuit.
An Interactive Developmental Systems Model of Schizophrenia

Any discussion organizing data relevant to schizophrenia is explicitly or implicitly based on some model or concept of the disorder. Since various concepts have different implications concerning what data are relevant, it is important to describe the concept on which we base our discussion.
Point-of-care ultrasound identification of pneumatosis intestinalis in pediatric abdominal pain: a case report

We describe a case report of an infant with intussusception who presented to a pediatric emergency department with diarrhea and increased irritability. Pneumatosis intestinalis (intra-mural air) detected on point-of-care ultrasonography (but not apparent on plain abdominal radiographs) alerted the emergency physicians towards the severity of disease process.
Protease-Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4) Plays a Critical Role in Fetal Loss and Peripheral Thrombosis in a Mouse Model of Thrombophilia

Abstract 373 We generated a mouse model of thrombophilia by combining two common risk factors for thrombosis in humans; transgenic for high levels of FIX (TgFIX + ) and activated protein C resistance due to factor V Leiden mutation (FVL Q ). Breedings were used in which both parents were heterozygous for the FVL (FVL R/Q ) mutation, but only one carried the TgFIX + (resulting in ∼5-fold higher of normal levels). More than 200 newborns were obtained but surprisingly no animal of FVL Q/Q / TgFIX + genotype was identified. When pregnancies were interrupted at embryonic age of E9.5 to E16.5, no deviation from the expected/observed embryo genotypes ratios was observed. However, the number of reabsorbed embryos increased significantly from 13% (E9.5) to 33% (E.16.5), p Q/Q / TgFIX + embryos exhibited findings consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Placental analysis (n=18) of these embryos harvested at E12.5 or later demonstrated prothrombotic abnormalities such as excessive fibrin deposition and innumerous apoptotic cells, determined by TUNEL assay, localized mainly in the labyrinthine trophoblast zone. The maternal genotype clearly influenced the pregnancy outcome since the number of newborns per litter was 2-fold lower when the mother carried the TgFIX + versus the paternal (average 4.3 vs. 8.3, respectively; p R/Q / TgFIX + mice developed normally when reaching 8–10 months of age we observed a high rate of spontaneous peripheral thrombotic episodes (3/40; 7.5%) and histological analysis confirmed venous thrombosis. Thus, these mice represent a novel murine model of venous thrombosis. Moreover, this complication was also present in 5.2% of the FVL R/R / TgFIX + whereas no other age-matched mice (n=74) developed such complications. There was an age-dependent increase in TAT and D-Dimer levels in both prothrombotic strains by comparing samples collected at 2 and 10 months time points. In the FVL R/Q / TgFIX + or FVL R/R / TgFIX + , levels of TAT (70ng/ml, n=28/group) and D-dimers (230ng/ml, n=17/group) were ∼ 2-fold higher (P R/Q / TgFIX + followed by FVL R/R / TgFIX + mice when compared to the other animals (P Q/Q /TgFIX + /PAR4 (−/−) and FVL Q/Q /TgFIX + /PAR4 (+/−) animals were generated. Interestingly, we were able to rescue the fetal mortality of FVL Q/Q / TgFIX + by introducing just one PAR4 null allele. Notably, PAR4 deficiency in heterozygous or homozygous mice of FVL Q/Q / TgFIX + allowed them to reach term and develop normally. Kaplan-Meier analysis of both FVL Q/Q /TgFIX + /PAR4 (−/−) and FVL Q/Q /TgFIX + /PAR4 (+/−) mice showed survival rates of 87.5% and 65%, respectively, at the 10-month time point (ongoing observation). Notably, these rescued mice showed no evidence of peripheral thrombosis. In conclusion, we have characterized a mouse model of chronic hypercoagulability and have shown that in this model PAR4 plays a central role in modulating thrombophilic complications. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
5.6 – The Electrocardiogram

This chapter describes the electrocardiogram as the projection of the electric activity of the heart unto the surface of the body. It derives from the heterogeneity of membrane potential among the heart cells so that parts of the heart act as electric dipoles that project their potential difference onto the skin. The chapter next discusses Einthoven’s triangle and defines lead I, lead II, and lead III according to convention. It gives a representative ECG and shows how each wave originates from the state of the action potential for different parts of the heart. It explains how the P wave derives from atrial depolarization, how the QRS comples derives from ventricular depolarization, and why the T wave, corresponding to ventricular repolarization, is upright. It shows by an example how to calculate the heart dipole at any moment from lead I and lead III recordings and shows how the heart vector changes with the QRS complex. It discusses the idea of a central terminal and shows the augmented limb leads but does not discuss precordial leads. Finally, it recapitulates the Wiggers diagram with the ECG included.
An Asymptotic Analysis of Interactions of Feedback Loops with Parasitics in Actuators and Sensors

Abstract Feedback system design is often simplified by neglecting sensor and actuator dynamics. It is of practical importance to investigate the effects of such “parasitics”, especially when feedback gain is high. In this paper, we employ singular perturbation to model and analyze the interaction of sensor-actuator dynamics with the fast modes created by high feedback gain.
Configurable microfluidic platform for investigating therapeutic delivery from biomedical device coatings

Advanced biomedical device coatings have shown significant promise in delivery of therapeutics (e.g., small-molecule drugs, proteins) for a wide range of medical interventions ranging from targeted cancer therapy to management of atherosclerosis. In order to accelerate the development of such coatings, there is a need for tools to investigate the loading capacity and release kinetics with high temporal resolution and in a variety of physiological conditions. To address this need, we report a microfluidic platform, where the coating on a substrate can be mounted onto the microchannel and the device can be configured in two physiologically-relevant modes: (i) flow-mode allows for monitoring the release from the coating in contact with a liquid flowing at a specific rate, modeling the case of a drug-eluting stent. (ii) Static-mode, where the channel is filled with a stationary gel, mimics the case of drug-eluting brain implant. We demonstrate the utility of the platform with a fluorescein-loaded nanoporous gold coating and monitor in real-time the release kinetics both under deionized water infusion and an agarose gel-filled channel via fluorescence microscopy coupled to a LabVIEW-based interface.
Incidence of thyroid disease in patients with forefoot deformity

Abstract Background Hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities are common foot disorders with substantial functional consequences. While the exact etiologies are multi-factorial, it is unknown if certain endocrine abnormalities, such as thyroid dysfunction, may be associated with these pathologies. The current study sought to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with hallux valgus or lesser toe deformities. Methods Every new patient who presented to our institution’s foot and ankle clinic during a three-month time period was given a survey to determine the presence of a known thyroid disorder. The diagnosis for each visit was then recorded. Additionally, a national, publicly available database was queried for patients diagnosed with thyroid disease and concomitant hallux valgus or specific forefoot pathology. Odds ratios for the presence of thyroid dysfunction were then calculated for each patient group. Results Three-hundred and fifty initial visit patient surveys were collected, and 74 (21.1%) patients had a known diagnosis of thyroid disease. The most common diagnoses were primary hypothyroidism (n = 61, 17.4%), secondary hypothyroidism (n = 6, 1.7%), thyroiditis (n = 4, 1.1%), and hyperthyroidism (n = 3, 0.9%). Thyroid disease was present in 16 of 26 patients (61.5%) with a diagnosis of hallux valgus (OR 7.3, CI[3.16–16.99], p Conclusions The current study suggests a significant association between forefoot pathology and thyroid dysfunction, especially hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities. Increased understanding of these correlations may offer an important opportunity in population health management, both in diagnosis and treatment. While further studies with long-term outcomes are necessary, the early diagnosis of thyroid disease may provide an opportunity to predict and potentially alter the course of forefoot pathology.
Hepatitis C and the Impact of Host Genetics

This commentary highlights the article by Enache et al that describes a diagnostic test for simultaneous genotyping of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C patients.
Is Exercise Treadmill Time or Reduction in Myocardial Ischemia the Appropriate Primary Endpoint to Assess Success of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Angina (ORBITA)

1 Objectives: In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window region (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) holds great promise for providing deeper tissue penetration, higher spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratios than those obtained at the conventional near-infrared window I region (NIR-I, 650-900 nm), because of its reduced tissue autofluorescence and photon scattering, and low levels of photon absorption of long-wavelength photons. Developing semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with a strong absorption peak at 808 nm, excellent photostability and biocompatibility will be highly important and find broad uses for efficient in vivo NIR II imaging. Methods: A diketopyrrolopyrrole-based semiconducting polymer NP (PDFT1032) as a novel NIR-II fluorescent probe has been developed for the first time. The versatile use of PDFT1032 for several important biomedical applications in NIR-II window have been demonstrated, including NIR-II optical imaging of tumor using subcutaneous osteosarcoma model, assessing of vascular embolization therapy of tumor, and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with high spatial and temporal resolution. Results: Hydrophobic PDFT were encapsulated with the amphiphilic PEGylated phospholipid to provide excellent water-soluble and biocompatible PDFT1032 NP, with high monodispersity, homogeneity, particle size 68 nm in PBS, a unique absorption peak at 809 nm, and fluorescence emission peak at 1,032 nm. No apparent cytotoxicity of PDFT1032 to NIH3T3 cells was observed even with the concentration up to 150 μg/mL. In addition, the H&E staining of the major organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, at 21 days after intravenous injection of PDFT1032 (1 mg/kg) demonstrated no obvious damages and necrotic lesions. Further NIR-II imaging showed that the nanoprobe clearly visualized the subcutaneous osteosarcoma up to 3 days with high tumor-to-background ratio (TBR, up to 3.4 ± 0.16 for lateral position and 2.4 ± 0.15 for prone position). Ex vivo fluorescent images also demonstrated the favorable contrast between tumor and skin because of the low fluorescence signal of skin. Lastly, with the help of NIR-II imaging and PDFT1032 nanoprobe, the axillary lymph node was clearly identified within short time and dissected from the ambient tissue and then confirmed by histological analysis. Conclusions: Excellent biocompatibility, favorable hydrophilicity, and desirable chemical and optical properties render NIR-II PDFT1032 a highly promise probe with a potential of being widely applicable in clinical imaging and surgical treatment of malignancy.
Conclusion: Long Term Prospects and Global Health Collaboration

The general direction of global health within academia seems to have moved to a stage where easily accessing information is vital to notions of transparency and interactions. The task of universities is to find and create pathways that inform society and our students about the realities of health across various nation states. While this might seem like a daunting task, the structure of Pan Institution Network for Global Health (PINGH) has provided avenues for exploring and addressing complex and interrelated health issues among global partners within an academic setting.
Some Generalized Equivalence Theorems for Least-Squares Adjustment

In 1986 an equivalence theorem had been published by B. Schaffrin and E. Grafarend that allows to check whether any form of differenced GPS data still carries the original information insofar as the Least-Squares Solution (LESS) for the parameters of interest remains the same. In its simplest form a (linearized) Gauss-Markov Model is compared with a corresponding Model of Condition Equations, after eliminating all parameters. The theorem then states that the residual vector from a least-squares adjustment comes out identical in both models if and only if two relations hold true, one orthogonality and one rank-additivity relation. Without the latter, we would have to admit a loss of information that usually results in a biased LESS.
Bicultural competence and education among Latino

ii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS 19 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 25 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION 30 REFERENCES 41 TABLES 47 FIGURE 51 APPENDIX: MEASURES 52
Simple Iron-Sulfur Proteins: Methodology for Establishing the Type of Center

In this article we have put together available information on how to determine the structures of the different types of iron-sulfur centers. The discovery of some new basic structures especially the ∣3Fe-3S∣ core has brought a renewed interest into the field of iron-sulfur proteins.
Does adjuvant concurrent or sequential chemotherapy increase the radiation-related toxicity of vaginal brachytherapy for endometrial cancer patients?

Abstract Purpose To compare radiation toxicity in endometrial cancer patients treated with adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) vs. VBT with concurrent chemotherapy (CCT) or sequential chemotherapy (SCT) Methods We retrospectively analyzed 131 patients with endometrial cancer treated with VBT without external beam radiation therapy. Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03. CCT was defined as VBT delivered between the first and last cycle of chemotherapy (CT); SCT was defined as VBT delivered before or after CT. Results Median followup was 36 months, with a 3-year survival rate of 88%. Of the 131 patients, 92 were treated with VBT alone, 34 with VBT and CCT, and 5 with VBT and SCT. The most common toxicity was vaginal stricture, with 30 (22.9%) patients affected. The distribution of toxicities was vaginal 28%, urinary 12%, rectal 11%, and fatigue 5%; none greater than Grade 2. Compared with patients treated with VBT alone, the addition of CT did not increase the chance of vaginal stricture formation (p = 0.84). The difference in system-specific toxicities between treatment modalities was not statistically significant. Conclusion The most common pelvic toxicity from VBT is vaginal stenosis with other toxicities being infrequent and generally Grade 1. The addition of CT in a sequential or concurrent fashion did not increase the rate of pelvic toxicity from VBT alone.
Understanding lived experiences through multiple perspectives: Caregiving as an exemplar

Experiences are multidimensional, impactful, and often rooted in occupations, where meaning is felt, and people engage with others and learn about themselves and the world. Experiences are complex ...
An automated framework for NMR chemical shift calculations of small organic molecules.

When using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to assist in chemical identification in complex samples, researchers commonly rely on databases for chemical shift spectra. However, authentic standards are typically depended upon to build libraries experimentally. Considering complex biological samples, such as blood and soil, the entirety of NMR spectra required for all possible compounds would be infeasible to ascertain due to limitations of available standards and experimental processing time. As an alternative, we introduce the in silico Chemical Library Engine (ISiCLE) NMR chemical shift module to accurately and automatically calculate NMR chemical shifts of small organic molecules through use of quantum chemical calculations. ISiCLE performs density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations for predicting chemical properties—specifically NMR chemical shifts in this manuscript—via the open source, high-performance computational chemistry software, NWChem. ISiCLE calculates the NMR chemical shifts of sets of molecules using any available combination of DFT method, solvent, and NMR-active nuclei, using both user-selected reference compounds and/or linear regression methods. Calculated NMR chemical shifts are provided to the user for each molecule, along with comparisons with respect to a number of metrics commonly used in the literature. Here, we demonstrate ISiCLE using a set of 312 molecules, ranging in size up to 90 carbon atoms. For each, calculation of NMR chemical shifts have been performed with 8 different levels of DFT theory, and with solvation effects using the implicit solvent Conductor-like Screening Model. The DFT method dependence of the calculated chemical shifts have been systematically investigated through benchmarking and subsequently compared to experimental data available in the literature. Furthermore, ISiCLE has been applied to a set of 80 methylcyclohexane conformers, combined via Boltzmann weighting and compared to experimental values. We demonstrate that our protocol shows promise in the automation of chemical shift calculations and, ultimately, the expansion of chemical shift libraries.
New development: China renews reform of central–local fiscal relations and provides for basic national public services

China’s reform on central–local fiscal reform has slowed down in recent years. The appointment of a new finance minister experienced in local government affairs is expected to renew the reform affi...
Deficiency of the transcription factor, Nrf2, impairs vasomotor responses and limits exercise training-induced adaptations of coronary arterioles

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is crucial in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Vasomotor responses of the coronary resistance vasculature an...
CDK4/6 plus aromatase inhibitor-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients.

e12537Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitors are a novel therapy for metastatic breast cancer, and have shown to double the risk of alopecia. This study analyzed CDK4/6 plus a...
Infection Control in the Dental Office: Standard Precautions

Infectious agents can be found in various places in a health-care setting: on human skin, inanimate surfaces, medical devices, and in the air and water sources. To prevent the spread of infectious agents within and outside of a health-care facility, health-care providers must adhere to infection control policies and procedures. Through years of evolution, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established a set of policies and procedures to be used with every patient, regardless of their infectious status. These infection control recommendations known as Standard Precautions include an array of safe practices that range from an individual care to environmental protection.
IN-HOSPITAL STROKE AFTER TAVR AND SAVR IN RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

Renal transplant recipients undergoing aortic valve replacement (SAVR) have high operative risk, whereas transaortic valve replacement (TAVR) can be a potentially safer option. We aim at assessing outcomes of TAVR and SAVR among renal transplant patients. Renal transplant patients who were