cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MiR-17-92 enriched exosomes derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells enhance axon-myelin remodeling and motor electrophysiological recovery after stroke.

MiR-17-92 cluster enriched exosomes derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) increase functional recovery after stroke. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying this recovery...
The Impact of the first COVID-19 shelter-in-place announcement on social distancing, difficulty in daily activities, and levels of concern in the San Francisco Bay Area: A cross-sectional social media survey.

BACKGROUND: The U.S. has experienced an unprecedented number of orders to shelter in place throughout the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to ascertain whether social distancing; difficulty with daily activities; and levels of concern regarding COVID-19 changed after the March 16, 2020 announcement of the nation's first shelter-in-place orders (SIPO) among individuals living in the seven affected counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. METHODS: We conducted an online, cross-sectional social media survey from March 14 -April 1, 2020. We measured changes in social distancing behavior; experienced difficulties with daily activities (i.e., access to healthcare, childcare, obtaining essential food and medications); and level of concern regarding COVID-19 after the March 16 shelter-in-place announcement in the San Francisco Bay Area versus elsewhere in the U.S. RESULTS: In this non-representative sample, the percentage of respondents social distancing all of the time increased following the shelter-in-place announcement in the Bay Area (9.2%, 95% CI: 6.6, 11.9) and elsewhere in the U.S. (3.4%, 95% CI: 2.0, 5.0). Respondents also reported increased difficulty obtaining hand sanitizer, medications, and in particular respondents reported increased difficulty obtaining food in the Bay Area (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.4, 16.3) and elsewhere (8.2%, 95% CI: 6.6, 9.7). We found limited evidence that level of concern regarding the COVID-19 crisis changed following the announcement. CONCLUSION: This study characterizes early changes in attitudes, behaviors, and difficulties. As states and localities implement, rollback, and reinstate shelter-in-place orders, ongoing efforts to more fully examine the social, economic, and health impacts of COVID-19, especially among vulnerable populations, are urgently needed.
One Hundred Percent Reparability of Mitral Prolapse: Results of a Dynamic Nonresectional Technique.

Abstract Background We studied the results of a dynamic mitral repair technique that preserves normal mitral valve function by avoiding leaflet resection and rigid and semirigid annuloplasty rings. Methods In previous reports we demonstrated that intraoperative simulation of mitral valve locking and isovolumic systole by rapid left ventricular inflation with pressurized saline accurately simulates mitral annular and leaflet shape and position, and left ventricular outflow tract dimensions. Length of polytetrafluoroethylene neochordae and size of fully flexible adjustable annuloplasty ring can be adjusted in three dimensions for accurate apposition of zones of leaflet coaptation, premarked with dots. We followed 1068 consecutive patients after repairs performed between 2001 and 2018. Results Of the 1068 patients, 674 were men (63.1%). Mean age was 62.25 ± 13 years. Leaflet repaired was anterior in 118 patients (11.05%), posterior in 564 (52.81%), both in 55 (5.15%), and neither in 123 (11.5%). Barlow's disease was present in 208 patients (19.48%). Repair was isolated in 82.5% (881 of 1068). Reparability was 100%. Perioperative mortality overall was 1.59% (17 of 1068): isolated repair, 1.14% (10 of 881); and isolated posterior leaflet, 0.85% (4 of 472). Leaflet systolic anterior motion occurred in 1.7% (18 of 1068), and was significant in 0.4% (4 of 1068). Survival at 10 years by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 74.65%, freedom from reoperation was 96.01%, and freedom from severe mitral regurgitation was 94%. The only predictor of reoperation (Cox analysis) was being male (P = .001). Conclusions Use of intraoperative simulation of mitral dynamics led to 100% reparability for degenerative valves with minimal systolic anterior motion, despite no leaflet resection. Long-term durability has been good and similar for all leaflets.
Changes in extractable phenolic profile during natural fermentation of wheat, sorghum and teff.

Abstract Whole grain polyphenols are associated with structure-specific bioactive properties. However, the phenolic profile of grain ingredients can be significantly altered by processes like fermentation. This study investigated how polyphenol profiles in different cereal grains respond to microbial metabolism during sourdough fermentation. Whole grain wheat (white and red), sorghum (white and lemon-yellow), and teff (white and brown) flours were subjected to natural sourdough fermentation for 48–96 h, and phenolic profiles and their metabolites monitored using UPLC-tandem quadrupole MS. Flavonoid O-glycosides (dominant in sorghum) were rapidly metabolized (66% reduction in 48 h) to release aglycones (2.5 fold increase). O-Glycoside groups in mixed O/C-glycosides (dominant in teff) were selectively hydrolyzed, but more slowly (11–32% reduction in 48 h) than homo-O-glycosides, suggesting steric hindrance from the C-glycoside groups. Flavonoid C-glycosides (dominant in wheat) and aglycones (white sorghum) were generally stable to microbial degradation. Extractable phenolic acids and their esters (most abundant in white sorghum) were extensively degraded (80% reduction in 48 h) with few metabolites detected at the end of fermentation. Thus, extractable phenolics in sorghum were generally most extensively metabolized, whereas those in wheat were the least impacted by sourdough fermentation. New microbial metabolites, putatively identified as O-methylcatechol-vinyl-isoflavans, were detected in all fermented samples, with levels increasing with fermentation time. Based on structure, these compounds were likely derived from cell wall C-C linked diferulic acid metabolism. As expected, Folin reactive phenols and antioxidant capacity increased in fermented samples, but the extent was distinctly smaller in sorghums (1.3–1.9 fold) vs teff (2.4–3.2 fold) and wheat (2.0–6.1 fold), likely due to higher presence of easily metabolizable phenolics in sorghum. The phenolic profile of a cereal grain affects the products of microbial metabolism during fermentation, and may thus alter phenolic-dependent bioactive properties associated with a specific grain.
Challenges in Understanding the Role of Reactivation in Modifying Hippocampal Representations.

Our daily lives consist of many repeated events. This poses a challenge for the memory system: because our experiences may contain related elements, we often have to distinguish between similar memories ([O'Reilly and McClelland, 1994][1]). The brain can help mitigate interference between memories
Trauma-related differences in socio-emotional functioning predict housing and employment outcomes in homeless veterans.

Abstract Rationale Mental health and substance use disorders are strong risk factors for homelessness. Understanding the role of transdiagnostic factors could help inform efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans with a range of disorders. Homeless veterans have high rates of trauma exposure, which can result in the depletion of social and emotional resources that may contribute to housing and employment stability. In this study, we evaluated the role of problems with emotional lability and interpersonal closeness as transdiagnostic socio-emotional factors that might interfere with efforts to achieve housing and employment stability. Methods The sample consisted of 346 homeless veterans with co-occurring disorders that were admitted to a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) residential treatment program between 2004 and 2009. Assessments were conducted at treatment entry (baseline) and two follow-up timepoints (6- and 12-months). Variables used in the current analyses included history of interpersonal trauma exposure, emotional lability and interpersonal closeness at baseline and 6-months, and homelessness and employment problems during follow-up. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and counterfactually-defined mediation effects. Results Veterans exposed to more trauma types experienced more baseline impairment and less improvement during treatment in emotional lability and interpersonal closeness. Problems with interpersonal closeness mediated 73% of the relationship between exposure to multiple traumas and homelessness, and 32%–61% of the relationship between trauma exposure and employment problems. Emotional lability mediated 36% of the relationship between exposure to multiple traumas and employment problems. Decomposition of indirect pathways revealed that indirect effects were primarily transmitted through changes during treatment, and not baseline levels. Conclusion Findings support a cumulative effect of trauma on persistence of socio-emotional deficits across treatment, which increased risk of homelessness and employment problems during follow-up. Greater attention and more targeted efforts should be directed at helping trauma-exposed veterans build socio-emotional resources during treatment.
Progress on continuum modeling of lithium–sulfur batteries

While lithium–sulfur batteries are a promising next-generation chemistry devices due to their high theoretical energy density, commercialization has been slow due to low coulombic efficiency and poor cycle life. This review explores the ways in which continuum modeling contributes to the understanding of lithium–sulfur (LiS) battery mechanisms and cell-level performance through the lens of micro- and macroscale phenomena. We examine different approaches to modeling important physical phenomena such as reaction mechanisms, cathode microstructure, shuttling, nucleation and precipitation, and transport limitations. This paper also emphasizes the significance and challenge of connecting typical modeling parameters and assumptions to systems-level metrics of a standard state-of-art high performing lithium–sulfur cell. Particularly important, the considerations for high energy density cells and the areas where continuum models can facilitate better collaboration are discussed. We also summarize a few selected works to highlight experimentally-driven modeling, use of electroanalytical techniques, and parameter identification approaches to enable model-based design and advanced battery management systems.
Post-Soviet Power: State-led Development and Russia's Marketization

Post-Soviet Power tells the story of the Russian electricity system and examines the politics of its transformation from a ministry to a market. Susanne A. Wengle shifts our focus away from what has been at the center of post-Soviet political economy - corruption and the lack of structural reforms - to draw attention to political struggles to establish a state with the ability to govern the economy. She highlights the importance of hands-on economic planning by authorities - post-Soviet developmentalism - and details the market mechanisms that have been created. This book argues that these observations urge us to think of economies and political authority as mutually constitutive, in Russia and beyond. Whereas political science often thinks of market arrangements resulting from political institutions, Russia's marketization demonstrates that political status is also produced by the market arrangements that actors create. Taking this reflexivity seriously suggests a view of economies and markets as constructed and contingent entities.
Publish or perish: the credit deficit to making software and generating data

WSSSPE 2014 paper describing the credit gap between those who create software and data and those who publish results that may leverage these systems.
Stillbirth and neonatal mortality in a general hospital.

Abstract The great reduction in maternal mortality brought about during the past fifteen years has provided the obstetrician with an opportunity to study the problem of stillbirth and neonatal mortality. Investigation and comparative studies are difficult and often of little value for there is no unanimity of opinion at present on the basic definitions of viability, prematurity, stillbirth, and the neonatal period. Even the Federal and State laws governing reportable births are not uniform. The purpose of this study was to investigate the problem of fetal and neonatal mortality as it exists in a general hospital. In addition we hoped to develop a tentative pattern with precise definitions for subsequent analyses.
Constitutional Prohibitions in a Rent Seeking Model

I extend the standard rent seeking model to allow lobbying fora constitutional prohibition on wealth transfers. I examinetwo issues: (1) the ability of special interests withsignificant political capacity to block constitutional change;and (2) the effect of adding a constitutional stage on totallobbying expenditures. Defeating a prohibition on wealthtransfers is a public good for rent seekers; success inconstitutional politics merely allows them to lobby for wealthtransfers. The resulting collective action problem for rentseekers in constitutional politics offsets the generalinterest's free rider problems, reducing the probability oftransfers and expected total lobbying expenditures compared tothe traditional rent seeking contest. Introduction of aconstitutional stage also reverses several comparative staticsresults from the rent seeking game. An increase in the numberof rent seekers or the general interest's (consumers') abilityto organize increase lobbying in the rent seeking game butgenerally reduce expected lobbying in the constitutionalprohibition game.
Contemporary Bayesian Econometrics and Statistics

Preface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Two Examples. 1.1.1 Public School Class Sizes. 1.1.2 Value at Risk. 1.2 Observables, Unobservables, and Objects of Interest. 1.3 Conditioning and Updating. 1.4 Simulators. 1.5 Modeling. 1.6 Decisionmaking. 2. Elements of Bayesian Inference. 2.1 Basics. 2.2 Sufficiency, Ancillarity, and Nuisance Parameters. 2.2.1 Sufficiency. 2.2.2 Ancillarity. 2.2.3 Nuisance Parameters. 2.3 Conjugate Prior Distributions. 2.4 Bayesian Decision Theory and Point Estimation. 2.5 Credible Sets. 2.6 Model Comparison. 2.6.1 Marginal Likelihoods. 2.6.2 Predictive Densities. 3. Topics in Bayesian Inference. 3.1 Hierarchical Priors and Latent Variables. 3.2 Improper Prior Distributions. 3.3 Prior Robustness and the Density Ratio Class. 3.4 Asymptotic Analysis. 3.5 The Likelihood Principle. 4. Posterior Simulation. 4.1 Direct Sampling,. 4.2 Acceptance and Importance Sampling. 4.2.1 Acceptance Sampling. 4.2.2 Importance Sampling. 4.3 Markov Chain Monte Carlo. 4.3.1 The Gibbs Sampler. 4.3.2 The Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm. 4.4 Variance Reduction. 4.4.1 Concentrated Expectations. 4.4.2 Antithetic Sampling. 4.5 Some Continuous State Space Markov Chain Theory. 4.5.1 Convergence of the Gibbs Sampler. 4.5.2 Convergence of the Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm. 4.6 Hybrid Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods. 4.6.1 Transition Mixtures. 4.6.2 Metropolis within Gibbs. 4.7 Numerical Accuracy and Convergence in Markov Chain Monte Carlo. 5. Linear Models. 5.1 BACC and the Normal Linear Regression Model. 5.2 Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Models. 5.3 Linear Constraints in the Linear Model. 5.3.1 Linear Inequality Constraints. 5.3.2 Conjectured Linear Restrictions, Linear Inequality Constraints, and Covariate Selection. 5.4 Nonlinear Regression. 5.4.1 Nonlinear Regression with Smoothness Priors. 5.4.2 Nonlinear Regression with Basis Functions. 6. Modeling with Latent Variables. 6.1 Censored Normal Linear Models. 6.2 Probit Linear Models. 6.3 The Independent Finite State Model. 6.4 Modeling with Mixtures of Normal Distributions. 6.4.1 The Independent Student-t Linear Model. 6.4.2 Normal Mixture Linear Models. 6.4.3 Generalizing the Observable Outcomes. 7. Modeling for Time Series. 7.1 Linear Models with Serial Correlation. 7.2 The First-Order Markov Finite State Model. 7.2.1 Inference in the Nonstationary Model. 7.2.2 Inference in the Stationary Model. 7.3 Markov Normal Mixture Linear Model. 8. Bayesian Investigation. 8.1 Implementing Simulation Methods. 8.1.1 Density Ratio Tests. 8.1.2 Joint Distribution Tests. 8.2 Formal Model Comparison. 8.2.1 Bayes Factors for Modeling with Common Likelihoods. 8.2.2 Marginal Likelihood Approximation Using Importance Sampling. 8.2.3 Marginal Likelihood Approximation Using Gibbs Sampling. 8.2.4 Density Ratio Marginal Likelihood Approximation. 8.3 Model Specification. 8.3.1 Prior Predictive Analysis. 8.3.2 Posterior Predictive Analysis. 8.4 Bayesian Communication. 8.5 Density Ratio Robustness Bounds. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.
Elements of a Specification for Superconducting Cable and Why They are Important for Magnet Construction

The purpose of this paper is to point out several features of the specification for SSC superconducting cable[1] and its insulation[2] that are important for fabrication of dipole magnet coils. Among these are the dimensions of the cable and insulation and their relevance for obtaining coils with appropriate overall dimensions. Other important cable properties are related to the twist direction of wire used to fabricate it[3] and the opposite twist (or lay) direction of the cable. For some coils it is easier to work with cable of a particular lay direction. In conjunction with the ease of coil winding comes the requirement in the specification for superconducting cable which restricts the cable surface condition. The ease of winding coils is governed by the ability to bend and twist the cable at the coil ends without having wires come out of place, possibly later leading to insulation damage and a turn-to-turn short.
Effect of fire shelters on perceived fire danger: implications for risk compensation

The fire shelter is an integral part of wildland firefighting Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). There is growing concern, however, that firefighters may accept greater levels of risk while carrying them. Such concerns are consistent with Risk Homeostasis Theory, which postulates that behavior is regulated by an internal stabilizing process that balances target and perceived risk and the effects of safety interventions. When any one of the three components changes, the resulting disequilibrium is compensated for by changes in behavior. As a safety intervention, fire shelters may alter the equilibrium of this system producing a behavior change that negates any safety improvements it produced. Two experiments were conducted to assess how PPE affects the behavior of athletes and how fire shelters affect wildland firefighters’ perceptions of fire danger. In Experiment 1, 53% of participants demonstrated behavior that offset gains in safety produced by PPE. The results from Experiment 2 revealed that the presence of fire shelters significantly reduced perceived hazard levels associated with three different fire scenarios. Although neither experiment actually measured the behavior of firefighters, the combined results suggest that firefighters might not be immune to the effects of risk compensation.
Reduced-latency architecture for image smoothing exponential filters

Smoothing filters are low pass filters commonly used to reduce the details levels in image processing. This work suggests the use of a special family of low pass filters, namely the linear-phase exponential filters to perform image smoothing. The linear-phase exponential filters are used because they can be recursively implemented, which results in significant hardware savings. This work's contribution is a novel architecture to efficiently implement those filters. The suggested architecture achieves symmetric extension with a reduced overall latency in the filtering process of M cycles, where M is the size of the symmetrically extended data. Simulation results show that the fixed-point implementation of the suggested architecture achieves high PSNR when compared to the floating-point implementation of the conventional non recursive FIR implementation of the same filter with pre-filtering symmetric extension. The suggested architecture requires a constant number of logic functions regardless of the filter size. Only the number of registers increases as a function with the size of the filter.
Longitudinal associations of sleep curtailment with metabolic risk in mid-childhood.

Objective To examine associations of chronic insufficient sleep with mid-childhood cardiometabolic health. Methods At 6 months and yearly from 1 to 7 years, mothers participating in the Project Viva cohort reported children's 24-h sleep duration. The main exposure was a sleep curtailment score, ranging from 0 (maximal curtailment) to 13 (never having curtailed sleep). The main outcome was a mid-childhood metabolic risk score, derived as the mean of five sex- and cohort-specific z scores for waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (scaled inversely), and log-transformed triglycerides and HOMA-IR; higher scores indicate higher risk. Results The mean (SD) sleep score was 10.0 (2.8); 5.1% scored 0-4, 13.9% scored 5-7, 14.1% scored 8-9, 28.7% scored 10-11, and 38.3% scored 12-13. Mean (SD, range) metabolic risk score was −0.03 (0.6, −1.8 to 2.6). In multivariable models, the metabolic risk score difference for children with most versus least curtailed sleep was 0.29 units (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.57). Further adjustment for mid-childhood BMI z score attenuated this difference to 0.08 units (95% CI: −0.14, 0.30). Conclusions Chronic insufficient sleep from infancy to school-age was associated with higher mid-childhood metabolic risk. This association was explained by sleep duration's influence on mid-childhood adiposity.
Balanced Score Card: Estrutura e Conceitos da Ferramenta de Gestão Empresarial

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir essencialmente a estruturacao conceitual da ferramenta estrategica BSC – Balanced Score Card dentro de um conjunto abrangente de medidas de desempenho que serve de base para um sistema de medicao de indicadores empresariais. Diante desse panorama, o socrecard mede o desempenho organizacional sob quatro perspectivas devidamente equilibradas que sao: a financeira, a do cliente, a dos processos internos da empresa e do crescimento e aprendizado. Este sistema permite que as empresas que o utilizam, nao somente analise sua gestao sob a otica do desempenho financeiro, mas tambem na capacidade de mobilizacao e exploracao dos ativos intangiveis ou invisiveis. Nessas condicoes, as organizacoes passam a perceber a criacao de novos ambientes operacionais e entram na era da informacao, afastando-as do tradicional foco de curto prazo.Palavras-Chave: Estrategia, Perspectivas, Processos e Balanced Score Card.AbstractThis article aims to discuss the structuring of strategic measurement system BSC – Balanced Score Card into the extended and including both no financial and financial measures. Under these conditions the scorecard measure organizations results above four balanced perspectives: financial, customers, internal business process, and learning and growth. This system helped organizations which also being used by focusing not only on financial outcomes but also on the capacity analysis operational and developmental inputs to provide a more comprehensive view of business.Under these conditions the organizations have the knowledge to the creation of new operational environments and going into the information era to remove the traditional focus on the short term.Key-words: Strategic, Perspectives, Process, Measures and Balanced Scorecard
Guidelines for Graphing Data with Microsoft[R] Office 2007[TM], Office 2010[TM], and Office for Mac[TM] 2008 and 2011

The interpretation of single-case data requires systematic visual analysis across and within conditions. Graphs are a vital component for analyzing and communicating single-case design data and a n...
Electrospray aerosol deposition of water soluble polymer thin films

Abstract We report the fabrication and characterization of thin films from the water soluble polymer sodium poly[2-(3-thienyl)-ethyloxy-4-butylsulfonate] (PTEBS) by electrospray deposition (ESD). Contiguous thin films were created by adjusting the parameters of the electrospray apparatus and solution properties to maintain a steady Taylor cone for uniform nanoparticle aerosolization and controlling the particle water content to enable coalescence with previously deposited particles. The majority of deposited particles had diameters less than 52 nm. A thin film of 64.7 nm with a root mean square surface roughness of 20.2 nm was achieved after 40 min of ESD.
Commentary on Frank Summers's “Kohut's Vision and the Nuclear Program of the Self”

In discussing Summers's article on Kohut's nuclear program of the self, the author highlights what he takes to be the Summers's rather bold return to old-school self psychology and Summers's bucking of some prevailingly fashionable relational trends. Summers's doing so provides what the author terms “room for thinking,” which allows for expanded considerations of the ways we have become accustomed to think about particular topics. In the author's discussion, he focuses on two topics that opened as a result of Summers's provocative approach: The first concerns the parallels between Kohut's conception of the nuclear program of the self and Winnicott's notion of the “true self,” and the second topic revolves around important clinical issues in the treatment of “Doug,” described by Summers in his article.
Hedgehogs in the clinic.

Components of the hedgehog signaling pathways play key roles during embryonic development and in several human diseases.
Long-Term Characterization of Indoor and Outdoor Ultrafine Particles at a Commercial Building

The particle number concentrations in the size range of 10-500 nm were measured inside and outside of a commercial building in Rochester, New York from 2005 to 2009. The indoor ventilation conditions were controlled by a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. The overall average indoor and outdoor particle number concentrations were 2166 cm(-3) and 5214 cm(-3), respectively. Comparison of the indoor and outdoor ultrafine particles (UFP) distributions revealed that indoor sources contributed to the indoor UFP concentrations. The indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio generally increased with particle size. The I/O ratios in the summer months were higher than those in the winter months. Indoor and outdoor correlations of particle concentrations were slightly weaker in warmer months. These results indicated that changes in the air exchange rates (AER) may have affected the correlation between indoor and outdoor UFP number concentrations. Moreover, indoor activities such as food preparation and cleaning may have contributed to the indoor UFP number concentrations.
Motilides accelerate regional gastrointestinal transit in the dog.

Background: Motilides have prokinetic effects on the upper gut during fasting, increasing the strength of antral contractions and stimulating gastroduodenal phase 3 sequences. Effects on the distal gut, and postprandially, are less well documented. Aim: To evaluate dose–response effects of motilin and erythromycin on gastric emptying, small bowel and colonic transit in the dog using a validated scintigraphic technique. Methods: For gastric emptying and small bowel transit, 99mTc labelled beads were added to a meal of dog chow (450 kcal). Regional colonic transit was measured by 111In labelled beads placed in a capsule which dissolved and released radiation into the proximal colon. Scintiscans were taken at regular intervals and indices of whole-gut transit were calculated. Drugs were given by slow intravenous administration. Results: In the doses used, motilin accelerated regional colonic transit but did not hasten gastric emptying or small bowel transit. Single or repeated doses of motilin had similar effects on colonic transit. Erythromycin accelerated gastric emptying, small bowel transit and regional colonic transit. Conclusions: Motilin receptors are apparently present in the canine small bowel and colon. Postprandially, motilides accelerate transit in the distal gut.
Human placenta contains an epithelial scatter protein.

Abstract Scatter factor (SF) is a protein produced by cultured fibroblasts which causes epithelia to “scatter” into isolated cells. We found significant scatter activity in vivo in second trimester (but not term) human amniotic fluid and in human placenta. Placental SF was purified 500,000-fold and identified as a protein with Mr 78 kd. Factor scattered Madin-Darby canine kidney and human squamous carcinoma cells at 15 pM. Amino acid sequences from tryptic peptides did not match any known protein. Human placental fibroblasts produced high titers of scatter activity. SF may be involved in development and may enhance carcinoma invasion.
Economic Theory Stalled: Model-Theoretic Institutionalism as a Way Forward

Rejetant la position de D. McCloskey qui reduit l'economie a la rhetorique, D. M. Hausman et A. Rosenberg situent l'economie du cote des sciences sociales, de la prediction et de la theorie de l'equilibre. Comparant leur vue respective sur le statut du test empirique, l'A. montre que leur approche modele-theorique ouvre la voie d'un programme institutionnaliste qui rend compatible la psychologie populaire de Rosenberg et les generalisations de Hausman
The COPD pipeline x.

The Antibacterial Gap. I have written twice before about the coming crisis in the antibiotic pipeline and I make no apology for revisiting the subject, -there is a coming dearth in the continuous s...
“Pseudoangiosarcome de Masson” au niveau d’un anévrysme poplité : Tumeur ou thrombus? Cause ou effet?

Un homme de 44 ans a ete hospitalise dans notre service de chirurgie vasculaire pour prise en charge d’un anevrysme poplite partiellement thrombose de 22 mm de diametre, responsable d’une ischemie distale de survenue progressive. L’examen microscopique d’un embol preleve dans l’artere tibiale posterieure lors de la realisation d’un pontage a revele la presence inattendue d’une hyperplasie endotheliale papillaire intravasculaire (pseudoangiosarcome de Masson).
Friendly fire: Topical variations in conflict among same‐ and cross‐sex friends

This investigation identified conflict events in young adult friendship. In addition, we examined whether different sources of conflict characterize same‐ and cross‐sex friendship and how gender influences perceptions of conflict issues in these relationships. Open‐ended descriptions of conflict episodes were elicited from same‐ and cross‐sex friendship dyads. Results indicated that same‐sex friends more frequently reported conflicts involving Disapproval about Relationship Choices and Sharing Space/Possessions compared to cross‐sex friends. Cross‐sex friends, on the other hand, reported conflicts involving Relationship Intimacy, Friendship Rule Violations, Communication Problems, and Annoying Behaviors more frequently than same‐sex friends. Additionally, in same‐sex friendships, males were more likely than females to report having conflict about Sharing Activities whereas females were more likely than males to report experiencing conflict about Sharing Space/Possessions. In cross‐sex friendships, males a...
Changing patterns of drug utilization in a neonatal intensive care population

Newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) typically are exposed to a large number of drugs and are especially vulnerable to adverse drug reactions. It is important to review changes in drug use patterns periodically in the NICU to identify newly introduced drugs as well as drugs with increasing use. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in drug utilization patterns over a 7-year period in an NICU population. Drug utilization of 2332 neonates treated at an intramural NICU between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 1998, and 2691 neonates between January 1, 2001 and June 30, 2004 was analyzed using chi-square tests, T tests, and linear regression. There was an increased utilization of antibiotics, central nervous system drugs, endocrine agents, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs, and a decreased utilization of ophthalmic drugs. No changes in nutritional, biological, renal, and pulmonary drugs were observed. Some individual drug changes include an increased use of vancomycin, cefepime, caffeine, and a decreased use of morphine. Significant changes in drug utilization patterns in an NICU were observed during a 7-year period. These data are useful in monitoring drug resistance patterns, adverse drug reactions, and prioritizing areas of relevant therapeutic research and educational programs.
Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax.

The patient, a 26-year-old woman, also has many nodular lesions on her face, a hypopigmented lesion on her thigh, and a fleshy plaque on her back. What is the diagnosis?
Relativistic Thermodynamics of Moving Systems

The rmodynamics is extended to systems moving with relativistic velocities. It is shown that one is led naturally, although not necessarily, to the thermodynamics of Ott, if one maintains the first and second law in their original form. The classical theory of Planck et al. can also be obtained in the case of a homogeneous fluid; the difference with Ott's theory is that the fluid alone is regarded as the thermodynamic system, rather than the fluid together with the box in which it is enclosed. Subsequently, a third form of relativistic thermodynamics is obtained by replacing the first law with a covariant equation expressing conservation of both energy and momentum. This leads to a formulation in which not only $S$ but also $T$ and $\dj{}Q$ are scalars. The discussion of heat transfer between systems with different velocities is thereby simplified. It is shown that such processes are irreversible even for equal temperatures, unless the velocities are equal too.
Commercial Possibilities for Stranded Conventional Gas from Alaska’s North Slope

Stranded gas resources are defined for this study as gas resources in discrete accumulations that are not currently commercially producible, or producible at full potential, for either physical or economic reasons. Approximately 35 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of stranded gas was identified on Alaska’s North Slope. The commercialization of this resource requires facilities to transport gas to markets where sales revenue will be sufficient to offset the cost of constructing and operating a gas delivery system. With the advent of the shale gas revolution, plans for a gas pipeline to the conterminous US have been shelved (at least temporarily) and the State and resource owners are considering a liquefied natural gas (LNG) export project that targets Asian markets. This paper focuses on competitive conditions for Asian gas import markets by estimating delivered costs of competing supplies from central Asia, Russia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia in the context of a range of import gas demand projections for the period from 2020 to 2040. These suppliers’ costs are based on the cost of developing, producing, and delivering to markets tranches of the nearly 600 TCF of recoverable gas from their own conventional stranded gas fields. The results of these analyses imply that Alaska’s gas exports to Asia will likely encounter substantial competitive challenges. The sustainability of Asia’s oil-indexed LNG pricing is also discussed in light of a potentially intense level of competition.
System Contributions to Error

An unacceptably high rate of medical error occurs in the emergency department (ED). Professional accountability requires that EDs be managed to systematically eliminate error. This requires advocacy and leadership at every level of the specialty and at each institution in order to be effective and sustainable. At the same time, the significant operational challenges that face the ED, such as excessive patient care requirements, should be recognized if error reduction efforts are to remain credible. Proper staffing levels, for example, are an important prerequisite if medical error is to be minimized. Even at times of low volume, however, medical error is probably common. Engineering human factors and operational procedures, promoting team coordination, and standardizing care processes can decrease error and are strongly promoted. Such efforts should be coupled to systematic analysis of errors that occur. Reliable reporting is likely only if the system is based within the specialty to help ensure proper analysis and decrease threat. Ultimate success will require dedicated effort, continued advocacy, and promotion of research.
Management of ovarian cysts in neonates, children, and adolescents

The detection of ovarian cysts in the neonate, child, and adolescent has markedly increased with the widespread use of ultrasonography. The previous dogma that any ovarian lesion detected before puberty mandates surgical exploration is no longer valid. Observation of the asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cyst is now required before proceeding to surgery. The physiology of the ovary from intrauterine development through puberty is discussed. Current literature is reviewed to provide a rationale to the proposed treatment protocols of ovarian cysts in utero, in childhood, and in adolescence.
The Determination of Electron Distributions From Measurements of Scattered X-Rays

A calculation based on classical electromagnetic theory is made of the intensity of the x-rays scattered by an atom in which the electrons are arranged with random orientation and with arbitrary radial distribution. Conversely an expression is derived for the radial distribution of the electrons in an atom, assuming that they have random orientation. This expression has the form of a Fourier integral, which can be evaluated from observed intensities of the scattered x-rays for different wave-lengths and angles.A comparison of this calculation with Wentzel's quantum theory of x-ray scattering suggests the introduction of a certain correction factor to express more nearly the intensity of the modified rays. It is also noted that the interpretation of $\stackrel{-}{\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\psi}}$ as a probability of the occurrence of an electron leads to the correct value for the intensity of total scattered x-rays.As an example of the application of the new method of calculation, Barrett's experimental data for the scattering of x-rays by helium are analyzed to give the distribution of the electrons in the helium atom. The resulting distribution is in close agreement with the value calculated by Pauling on the basis of wave mechanics, but differs by more than the probable experimental error from the electron orbits given by Bohr's theory.
The effect of local anesthetics on the lateral mobility of lymphocyte membrane proteins.

Abstract In this study, we have measured by fluorescence photobleach recovery (FPR) the relative mobilities of two rat lymphocyte membrane proteins, surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and AgB (histocompatability antigens). The results of the FPR experiments showed that SIg was relatively restricted in its mobility as compared with AgB. Treatment of cells with local anesthetics (LA), agents which are assumed to act, in part, by severing the linkage between the cytoskeleton and integral membrane proteins increased the mobility of SIg to a mobility similar to that of AgB. This finding suggests that SIg is relatively restricted in its mobility due to a tethering by cytoskeletal elements. LA also had a small, but significant effect on the mobility of AgB.
HEAT BALANCE AND MEAN MERIDIONAL CIRCULATIONS IN THE POLAR STRATOSPHERE DURING THE SUDDEN WARMING OF JANUARY 1958

Abstract In order to gain a greater understanding of the physical processes acting in the lower stratosphere during a major breakdown of the polar night vortex, a computation of the direction and magnitude of the mean meridional circulation is performed by employing a heat budget method. This computation reveals that the mean cell operates to produce rising motion over the polar regions before, during, and after the breakdown period. The calculations show that horizontal eddy heat flux provides the predominant mechanism for the large temperature increases observed over the polar cap during the time of the vortex breakdown. As a supplement to the above computation, mean vertical velocities were determined with respect to a curvilinear coordinate system oriented along a line of maximum circulation intensity at 50 mb. The result showed that the mean cell operates in the direct sense prior to the major breakdown when measured relative to this curvilinear system.
Transposon identification using profile HMMs

Background Transposons are "jumping genes" that account for large quantities of repetitive content in genomes. They are known to affect transcriptional regulation in several different ways, and are implicated in many human diseases. Transposons are related to microRNAs and viruses, and many genes, pseudogenes, and gene promoters are derived from transposons or have origins in transposon-induced duplication. Modeling transposon-derived genomic content is difficult because they are poorly conserved. Profile hidden Markov models (profile HMMs), widely used for protein sequence family modeling, are rarely used for modeling DNA sequence families. The algorithm commonly used to estimate the parameters of profile HMMs, Baum-Welch, is prone to prematurely converge to local optima. The DNA domain is especially problematic for the Baum-Welch algorithm, since it has only four letters as opposed to the twenty residues of the amino acid alphabet.
In vitro infrared thermographic assessment of root surface temperatures generated by the thermafil plus system.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate root surface temperatures generated by the Thermafil Plus system using infrared thermography. A total of 60 extracted human maxillary central incisors and maxillary first molars were biomechanically instrumented using ProFile 0.04 Taper Series 29 rotary instruments. The root canals were obturated using the Thermafil Plus system. An infrared thermography camera was used to measure the external root surface temperatures during and after the completion of obturation. The mean temperature rise of the external root surface from the ambient temperature was 4.26°C for the mesial buccal roots, 4.58°C for the distobuccal roots, 4.76°C for the palatal roots, and 4.87°C for the anterior roots. These temperatures were well below the critical level of 10°C needed to cause damage to the attachment apparatus. From this in vitro experiment, no evidence was discovered which would indicate that the Thermafil Plus obturation system would result in damage to the periodontal ligament and the surrounding attachment apparatus as a consequence of temperature rise on the external root surface.
Recruitment of the Mint3 Adaptor is Necessary for Export of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) from the Golgi Complex

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitously expressed single-pass transmembrane protein that undergoes proteolytic processing by secretases to generate the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide, the major component in Alzheimer plaques. The traffic of APP through the cell determines its exposure to secretases and consequently the cleavages that generate the pathogenic or nonpathogenic peptide fragments. Despite the likely importance of APP traffic to Alzheimer disease, we still lack clear models for the routing and regulation of APP in cells. Like the traffic of most transmembrane proteins, the binding of adaptors to its cytoplasmic tail, which is 47 residues long and contains at least four distinct sorting motifs, regulates that of APP. We tested each of these for effects on the traffic of APP from the Golgi by mutating key residues within them and examining adaptor recruitment at the Golgi and traffic to post-Golgi site(s). We demonstrate strict specificity for recruitment of the Mint3 adaptor by APP at the Golgi, a critical role for Tyr-682 (within the YENPTY motif) in Mint3 recruitment and export of APP from the Golgi, and we identify LAMP1(+) structures as the proximal destination of APP after leaving the Golgi. Together, these data provide a detailed view of the first sorting step in its route to the cell surface and processing by secretases and further highlight the critical role played by Mint3.
Changes in soil microflora associated with control of Sclerotium Rolfsii by Furfuraldehyde

The efficacy of 2‐furfuraldehyde for control of Sclerotium rolfsii was studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Mycelial growth of the fungus was reduced proportionally with concentrations of 0.1–0.5 ml furfuraldehyde l‐1 agar medium, and viability of sclerotia diminished on exposure to 2‐furfuraldehyde vapours. Detectable populations of bacteria and fungi, including Trichoderma spp., were reduced significantly (9=0.05) when furfuraldehyde was added to the agar used for soil dilution plates of untreated soil. Repeated treatments of natural soil with the fumigant significantly increased populations of Trichoderma spp. and bacteria, but diminished numbers of actinomycetes. Increasing dosages applied to soil artificially infested with S. rolfsii caused a reduction of disease on lentil, Lens culinaris. Results indicate that the compound, when applied to field soil, changes the composition of soil microflora and has potential for integrated control of S. rolfsii.
Interaction between a Grafted Polymer Chain and an AFM Tip: Scaling Laws, Forces, and Evidence of Conformational Transition

The force of compression of an end-grafted polymer chain in a ϑ solvent by a finite-sized object (e.g., the tip of an atomic force microscope) is studied using a new simulation technique called the contact-distribution method. This paper presents the first ever simulation of the conformational transition of a polymer chain from a “confined” state to an “escaped” state. The results corroborate the force relations that were recently obtained using scaling arguments but clearly indicate the existence of a transition region between the two states. The characteristics of the transition are affected by the size, shape, and alignment of the tip and by the temperature or quality of the solvent. We also comment on the implication of the results to the experimental confirmation of the predictions.
Plasma resistin levels in asthmatics as a marker of disease state

Background. Resistin is a protein produced by adipoctyes and circulating macrophages that has been found to be associated with inflammatory states. Objective. To determine the levels of resistin in relation to asthma disease state and severity, we investigated a cohort of adult patients with asthma. Methods. A cohort of moderate to severe persistent asthma patients and control patients were recruited and underwent fasting labs to evaluate levels of serum glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), and resistin. Results. No significant differences were found between the control and asthma group with respect to serum CRP at 0.78 ± 0.60 mg/dL and 0.48 ± 0.60 mg/dL, (p < 0.36) or glucose at 92.2 ± 11.9 mg/dL and 89.5 ± 7.2 mg/dL, (p < 0.084), respectively (mean ± SD). However, plasma resistin levels were found to be significantly elevated in asthma patients, 186 ng/mL (95%CI 169-202) compared with control patients 121 ng/mL (95%CI 90.4-151), (p < 0.005). Conclusions. Patients with asthma were found to have higher leve...
Realization, extension, and classification of certain physically important groups and algebras

An associative algebra of differential forms with division has been constructed. The algebra of forms in each different space provides a practical realization of the universal Clifford algebra of that space. A classification of all such algebras is given in terms of two distinct types of algebras Nk and Sk. The former include the dihedral, quaternion, and Majorana algebras; the latter include the complex, spinor, and Dirac algebras. The associative product expresses Hodge duality as multiplication by a basis element. This makes possible the realization of higher order algebras in a calculationally useful algebraic setting. The fact that the associative algebras, as well as the enveloped Lie algebras, are precisely those arising in physics suggests that this formalism may be a convenient setting for the formulation of basic physical laws.