cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the receiving characteristics of a dipole in proximity to two intersecting conducting surfaces

A general theory is advanced for determining the receiving properties of a dipole that is oriented parallel to the line of intersection of two infinite highly-conducting plane surfaces. The angle of intersection is restricted to \pi/n radians, so that the method of images may be employed. An integral equation is solved to a high degree of accuracy for the short-circuit current at the terminals of the receiving dipole. The short-circuit current multiplied by the impedance of the dipole in the reflector gives the open-circuit voltage. This voltage drives a circuit consisting of the load impedance in series with the impedance of the dipole in the reflector. From this equivalent circuit of the receiving antenna, the power in the load may be obtained. Two receiving systems are analyzed numerically. In one case a half-wave dipole having a length-to-diameter ratio of 74.21, and a matched load, is brought in juxtaposition to a highly conducting plane surface. The voltage across the load is calculated and plotted as a function of the spacing between the dipole and its image, with the angle of signal arrival as a parameter. In the other case, the same calculations are made for a half-wave dipole having a length-to-diameter ratio of 122.35 when it is oriented parallel to two conducting sheets that intersect at 90\deg . As before, the load is selected to provide a conjugate match when the dipole is isolated.
Direct visualization of epicardial structures and ablation utilizing a visually guided laser balloon catheter: preliminary findings.

: Pericardial access was obtained in 4 anesthetized swine by subxyphoid puncture. The laserballoon catheter was introduced into the pericardial space via a deﬂectable sheath, and was manipulatedto predeﬁned regions in all animals. Visually guided laser ablation was performed on the ventricularmyocardium, with post mortem examination of lesion size and depth.
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin: One Size Does Not Fit All—The Case for Personalized Therapy

communication of prognosis in the metastatic setting. J Clin Oncol 22:17211730, 2004 7. Butow PN, Dowsett S, Hagerty R, et al: Communicating prognosis to patients with metastatic disease: What do they really want to know? Support Care Cancer 10:161-168, 2002 8. Helft PR, Petronio S: Communication pitfalls with cancer patients: “Hitand-run” deliveries of bad news. J Am Coll Surg 205:807-811, 2007 9. Wright AA, Zhang B, Ray A, et al: Associations between end-of-life discussions, patient mental health, medical care near death, and caregiver bereavement adjustment. JAMA 300:1665-1673, 2008 10. Bradley JG, Zia MJ, Hamilton N: Patient preferences for control in medical decision making: A scenario-based approach. Fam Med 28:496-501, 1996 11. Mack JW, Wolfe J, Cook EF, et al: Hope and prognostic disclosure. J Clin Oncol 25:5636-5642, 2007 12. Clayton JM, Hancock KM, Butow PN, et al: Clinical practice guidelines for communicating prognosis and end-of-life issues with adults in the advanced stages of a life-limiting illness, and their caregivers. Med J Aust 186 (12 Suppl):S 77, S79, S83-S108, 2007 13. Kiely BE, Soon YY, Tattersall MHN, et al: How long have I got? Estimating typical, best-case, and worst-case scenarios for patients starting first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer—A systematic review of recent randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 29:456-463, 2011
Courtship and Mate Choice in Fishes: Integrating Behavioral and Sensory Ecology

SYNOPSIS. Sexual selection theory predicts a coevolution between male sexual ornamentation and female preference. The implication of this prediction for sensory ecology is that there should be a tight coupling between the physiology of male signal production and the physiology of female signal reception. Indicator models of sexual selection predict that male ornamentation is correlated with male condition, and that female preference is correlated with male ornamentation. Indicator models of sexual selection have a conceptual overlap with resource acquisition and investment models of behavioral ecology. Empirical studies with fishes, particularlywith guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) and threespine sticklebacks ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ), suggest a strong connection between acquired resources, male condition, male ornamentation, male courtship, and female preference.
ConTest listeners: a concurrency-oriented infrastructure for Java test and heal tools

With the proliferation of the new multi-core personal computers, and the explosion of the usage of highly concurrent machine configuration, concurrent code moves from being written by the select few to the masses. As anyone who has written such code knows, there are many traps awaiting. This increases the need for good concurrency-aware tools to be used in the program quality cycle: monitoring, testing, debugging, and the emerging field of self-healing.Academics who build such tools face two main difficulties; writing the instrumentation infrastructure for the tool, and integrating it into real user environments to obtain meaningful results. As these difficulties are hard to overcome, most academic tools do not make it past the toy stage.The ConTest Listener architecture provides instrumentation and runtime engines to which writers of test and heal tools, especially concurrency-oriented, can easily plug their code. This paper describes this architecture, mainly from the point of view of a user intending to create a testing/healing tool. This architecture enables tool creators to focus on the concurrent problem they are trying to solve without writing the entire infrastructure. In addition, once they create a tool within the ConTest Listeners framework the tool can be used by the framework users with no additional work, enabling access to real industrial applications. We show how to create tools using the architecture and describe some work that has already taken place.
Wall Motion Estimation for Gated Cardiac Emission Tomography: Physical Phantom Evaluation

The purpose of this work was to develop a physical phantom for testing the accuracy of cardiac wall motion estimation algorithms, and to use the phantom to evaluate several motion estimation and reconstruction methods, including a simultaneous image reconstruction/wall motion estimation algorithm we have developed. Our approach was to attach radioactive markers to the myocardial wall of a dynamic cardiac phantom and to trace the motion of the markers throughout the cardiac cycle via gated SPECT acquisition. Then, without moving the phantom, and after the markers were allowed to decay to negligible levels, the myocardium was injected with 99mTc and a gated SPECT scan was acquired. From the gated myocardial emission data, two wall motion estimation methods were evaluated. The first method was by applying an optical flow algorithm to an optimized OSEM reconstruction of the myocardial emission data. The second was by applying our simultaneous image reconstruction/motion estimation algorithm to the myocardial emission data. The error in the estimated motion fields was described by the average Euclidean distance between the motion of the markers and the estimated motion. Values of 0.15 and 0.14 were found for the average Euclidean distance for the optical flow method applied to OSEM and the simultaneous method, respectively. Image quality was also evaluated and, in agreement with our previous findings, the simultaneous method produced myocardial images with improved noise characteristics and better uniformity in terms of the activity distribution within the myocardium.
Effects of residence time on displays during territory establishment in a lizard.

We know little about how signals are used during territory establishment, particularly when potential competitors are separated by distances that are typical of those between neighbours. I studied the effects of residence time on the display behaviour of male Anolis sagrei lizards in long- and short-distance contexts. In the long-distance context, the habitat patches of two male lizards were 5 m apart, separating the males by a distance typical of that in territorial neighbourhoods. For the short-distance context, I placed two males in one habitat patch. In both contexts, either 1-day residents were paired with new arrivals, or both individuals were new arrivals. In the long-distance contexts only, I also created situations in which both individuals were 1-day residents. Residence time affected the relative frequencies of headbob displays (‘bobbing displays’ and ‘nodding displays’). However, the direction of the effect depended on opponent proximity. In long-distance contexts, 1-day residents performed fewer bobbing displays relative to nodding displays than did new arrivals; in short-distance contexts 1-day residents performed more bobbing displays relative to nodding displays than did new arrivals. The results suggest that signalling during territory establishment is governed by a qualitatively different set of rules when potential competitors are at short versus long distances.  2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Client Personality, Working Alliance and Outcome: A Pilot Study

The relationship of the five-factor model of personality to working alliance, symptoms and well-being was examined in a diverse community mental health sample (N = 103). Agreeableness, openness, extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with alliance. Neuroticism was strongly associated with symptoms, and negatively associated with well-being. Extraversion was moderately associated with well-being. Personality is deserving of further study as a potentially important influence on therapy process and outcome. Part of the much-replicated association of alliance with outcome may be accounted for by personality. Implications for social work practice and research are discussed.
A Computational Visualization of Three Dimensional Flow: Finding Optimum Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics From Short Cross-Pin Arrays and Comparison With Two Dimensional Calculations

There are many heat transfer augmentation methods that are employed in turbine blade design, such as impingement cooling, film cooling, serpentine passages, trip strips, vortex chambers, and pin fins. The use of crosspins in the trailing edge section of turbine blades is commonly a viable option due to their ability to promote turbulence as well as supply structural integrity and stiffness to the blade itself. Numerous crosspin shapes and arrangements are possible, but only certain configurations offer high heat transfer capability while maintaining taw total pressure loss. This study preseots results from 3-D numerical simulations of airflow through a turbine blade internal cooling passage. The simulations model viscous flow and heat transfer over full crosspins of circular cross-section with fixed height-to-diameter ratio of 0.5, fixed transverse-to-diameter spacing ratio of 1.5, and varying streamwise spacing. Preliminary analysis indicates that endwall effects dominate the flow and heat transfer at lower Reynolds numbers. The flow dynamics involved with the relative dose proximity of the endwalls for such short crosspins have a definite influeoce on crosspin efficiency for downstream rows.Copyright © 1999 by ASME
An Analysis of the Design,Manufacturing and Maintenance of Automobile Stamping Dies

In the classification of automobile dies, the often said stamping dies refers to a special processing equipment which processes metallic materials or non-metallic materials into parts during cold stamping. In order to better match the stamping dies with the design and manufacture of automobile, the paper mainly expounded the design, manufacture and maintenance of automobile stamping dies.
Gender Difference in Attentional Bias Toward Negative and Positive Stimuli in Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Females are two times as likely as males to develop generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; Steiner et al., 2005; Vesga-Lopez et al., 2008). Moreover, the clinical presentation of GAD is different across genders. One explanation for these differences may be the role of cognitive biases involved in GAD between genders. In the present study, we used an exogenous spatial cueing task to examine gender differences in attentional bias for negative and positive information in 118 individuals with a primary diagnosis of GAD. Males and females did not differ in their attentional bias for idiographically selected negative or neutral words. However, women showed a significantly larger attentional bias for positive words than did men. Results suggest that developing gender-specific treatments for GAD could improve treatment response rates.
Positive surgical margins contribute to the survival paradox between patients with stage IIB/C (T4N0) and stage IIIA (T1-2N1, T1N2a) colon cancer.

Background The underlying reasons for the survival paradox between stage IIB/C and stage IIIA colon cancer are elusive. We hypothesized that positive margins contribute to this paradox. Methods We evaluated a cohort of 16,471 patients with stage IIIA and stage IIB/C colon cancer from 709,583 cases diagnosed between 2003–2012 in the National Cancer Data Base. All patients had chemotherapy, and all stage IIB/C patients had ≥12 lymph nodes retrieved. Patients with stage IIIA were subdivided further into those with Results The 5-year overall survival rate was 70.8% for stage IIB/C, 81.6% for stage IIIA with Conclusion Positive surgical margins may contribute to the survival paradox between stage IIB/C and stage IIIA colon cancer patients.
How prevalent and significant is patient motion during molecular breast imaging

2322 Objectives To determine the prevalence and magnitude of breast motion during Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) studies. Methods A total of 100 patient studies were evaluated for breast movement during MBI. All patients were injected with ~740 MBq Tc-99m sestamibi. Imaging commenced 5-10 minutes post injection. Craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views were obtained of each breast using high resolution dual-head CZT detectors. Images were acquired in dynamic mode (10 frames at 1 frame / minute) into a 128x96 matrix, with pixel size of 1.6 mm. Motion correction software was used to quantify the magnitude of motion in each image. The frequency of breast motion was correlated with the type of view (CC vs MLO) and with the amount of breast tissue in the field of view. Motion was categorized as none, mild ( 8mm). Results In the 100 patients, a total of 346 images were analyzed. There were 152 CC views and 194 MLO views. Table 1 shows the frequency and magnitude of motion in the different views. Overall moderate to severe motion was present in 19% of images (22% of CC views and 17% of MLO views). No correlation was found with breast size. Conclusions Motion can be a significant cause of image degradation in MBI, and may have both rotational and translational components. Motion of 5 mm or more can significant reduce the ability to detect lesions in the 5-10 mm range. Quality control of studies prior to patient dismissal is important in insuring adequate image quality. In the long term, better design of the imaging chair and gantry is required to improve patient comfort and reduce likelihood of motion artifacts
Prospective Detection of Chemoradiation Resistance in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

e15011 Background: Approximately 25% of patients with locoregional esophageal adenocarcinoma (EC) are resistant (marked by minimal tumor regression; TRG 3) to preoperative chemoradiation, including...
Risks of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Elicited by Nickel, Chromium, and Organic Sensitizers: Quantitative Models Based on Clinical Patch Test Data

Risks of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from consumer products intended for extended (nonpiercing) dermal contact are regulated by E.U. Directive EN 1811 that limits released Ni to a weekly equivalent dermal load of ≤0.5 μg/cm2 . Similar approaches for thousands of known organic sensitizers are hampered by inability to quantify respective ACD-elicitation risk levels. To help address this gap, normalized values of cumulative risk for eliciting a positive ("≥+") clinical patch test response reported in 12 studies for a total of n = 625 Ni-sensitized patients were modeled in relation to observed ACD-eliciting Ni loads, yielding an approximate lognormal (LN) distribution with a geometric mean and standard deviation of GMNi = 15 μg/cm2 and GSDNi = 8.0, respectively. Such data for five sensitizers (including formaldehyde and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were also ∼LN distributed, but with a common GSD value equal to GSDNi and with heterogeneous sensitizer-specific GM values each defining a respective ACD-eliciting potency GMNi /GM relative to Ni. Such potencies were also estimated for nine (meth)acrylates by applying this general LN ACD-elicitation risk model to respective sets of fewer data. ACD-elicitation risk patterns observed for Cr(VI) (n = 417) and Cr(III) (n = 78) were fit to mixed-LN models in which ∼30% and ∼40% of the most sensitive responders, respectively, were estimated to exhibit a LN response also governed by GSDNi . The observed common LN-response shape parameter GSDNi may reflect a common underlying ACD mechanism and suggests a common interim approach to quantitative ACD-elicitation risk assessment based on available clinical data.
Following the turkey tails: neoliberal globalization and the political ecology of health

The objective of neoliberal globalization, as noted by various observers, is not the improvement of global health and wellbeing but the expansion of deregulated markets in international trade and investment, a characteristic affirmed and illustrated in this article through an examination of the global commoditization of turkey tails and the role of world trade institutions and policies in this process. The article, a contribution to the political ecology of health, assesses the deleterious factors that stem from trade in this fatty commodity as it flows from poultry farms in the U.S. into the indigenized diets and changing bodies of people in several developing nations in the Pacific, Ghana, and beyond. Key words: Neoliberal trade, global food commodities, food culture, political ecology of health, Pacific islands.
Modulation of intestinal sulfur assimilation metabolism regulates iron homeostasis

Sulfur assimilation is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays an essential role in cellular and metabolic processes, including sulfation, amino acid biosynthesis, and organismal development. We report that loss of a key enzymatic component of the pathway, bisphosphate 3′-nucleotidase (Bpnt1), in mice, both whole animal and intestine-specific, leads to iron-deficiency anemia. Analysis of mutant enterocytes demonstrates that modulation of their substrate 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) influences levels of key iron homeostasis factors involved in dietary iron reduction, import and transport, that in part mimic those reported for the loss of hypoxic-induced transcription factor, HIF-2α. Our studies define a genetic basis for iron-deficiency anemia, a molecular approach for rescuing loss of nucleotidase function, and an unanticipated link between nucleotide hydrolysis in the sulfur assimilation pathway and iron homeostasis.
Experimental validation of phase space conduits of transition between potential wells

A phase space boundary between transition and non-transition, similar to those observed in chemical reaction dynamics, is shown experimentally in a macroscopic system. We present a validation of the phase space flux across rank one saddles connecting adjacent potential wells and confirm the underlying phase space conduits that mediate the transition. Experimental regions of transition are found to agree with the theory to within 1\%, suggesting the robustness of phase space conduits of transition in a broad array of two or more degree of freedom experimental systems, despite the presence of small dissipation.
Newscasts as Property: Will Retransmission Consent Stimulate Production of More Local Television News?

Stimulate Production of More Local Television News? Lorna Veraldi* Introduction I. The Burgeoning Importance of End-User Spending II. Cable as a Consumer Service III. Broadcasters and Cable A. Retransmission Rights Under the 1909 Copyright Law B. The Battle over Audience C. Retransmission Consent Proposed, 1968 IV. Compromise and Copyright Revision V. Second Thoughts on Compulsory Licensing A. The Cable Industry, 1992 B. The Cable Act of 1992 VI. Copyright as an Incentive to Make Local News Programming Conclusion Introduction
Portfolio Diversification and Return Benefits— Common Stock vs. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

This research examines the effects of diversification on the reduction of total portfolio risk in real estate investment trusts (REITs) and mixed-asset portfolios. In addition, overall performance ...
Yielding at Varying Loads Rates

Yield strength of several aluminum alloys were determined experimentally under rates of stress application ranging from 4×10\U5\N psi/sec to 19×10\U6\N psi/sec; at room temperature (290 K), explosive, impact testing apparatus was constructed specifically for this purpose; yield strengths predicted by theory are found to be in good agreement with experimental values, indicating that dislocation theory provides accurate means of predicting yield strength.
"Age Is Just a Number": Distal Radius Fractures in Patients Over 75.

Background: Management of distal radius fractures in patients over 65 is a topic of significant study, but there are variations within this group in terms of independence and activity level. This s...
The time for universal masking of the public for coronavirus disease 2019 is now

In this perspective, we recommend universal masking of the US public during coronavirus disease 2019 due to the high contagiousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viral shedding of viable SARS-CoV-2 from asymptomatic individuals, and the likely contribution of masking to core distancing public health strategies for curbing transmission.
Personalized antibodies for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (PANGEA): Secondary and final primary efficacy analyses.

4561Background: Targeted therapies (tx) have had limited benefit in advanced (aGEA) due to baseline spatial (primary vs metastatic tumor PT/MT) & temporal molecular heterogeneity (BMH/TMH). We prev...
Development of New Tuberculosis Drugs: Translation to Regimen Composition for Drug-Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) kills more people than any other infectious disease. Challenges for developing better treatments include the complex pathology due to within-host immune dynamics, interpatient variability in disease severity and drug pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD), and the growing emergence of resistance. Model-informed drug development using quantitative and translational pharmacology has become increasingly recognized as a method capable of drug prioritization and regimen optimization to efficiently progress compounds through TB drug development phases. In this review, we examine translational models and tools, including plasma PK scaling, site-of-disease lesion PK, host-immune and bacteria interplay, combination PK-PD models of multidrug regimens, resistance formation, and integration of data across nonclinical and clinical phases.We propose a workflow that integrates these tools with computational platforms to identify drug combinations that have the potential to accelerate sterilization, reduce relapse rates, and limit the emergence of resistance.
δ-protocadherins control neural progenitor cell proliferation by antagonizing Ryk and Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Abstract The proliferation of neural progenitor cells provides the cellular substrate from which the nervous system is sculpted during development. The δ-protocadherin family of homophilic cell adhesion molecules is essential for the normal development of the nervous system and has been linked to an array of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the biological functions of δ-protocadherins are not well-defined. Here, we show that the δ-protocadherins regulate proliferation in neural progenitor cells, as lesions in each of six, individual δ-protocadherin genes increase cell division in the developing hindbrain. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is upregulated in δ-protocadherin mutants and inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway occludes the observed proliferation increases. We show that the δ-protocadherins physically associate with the Wnt receptor Ryk, and that Ryk is required for the increased proliferation in protocadherin mutants. Thus, the δ-protocadherins act as novel regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during neural development and could provide lineage-restricted local regulation of canonical Wnt signaling and cell proliferation.
Reconfigurable Photonic Structures for Solving Linear Differential Equations

We theoretically explore a reconfigurable, Mach—Zehnder interferometer-based photonic network capable of solving linear equations by implementing arbitrary matrix operators. The solutions of various differential equations are numerically demonstrated and discussed.
Research Methods in Daylighting and Electric Lighting

Research in daylighting and electric lighting focuses on the physical quantity of light, physiological response to the physical stimuli, and the resulting visual perception. This chapter starts with an overview of the measurement and simulation-based research approaches used in understanding and quantifying the lighting availability and variability in the luminous environment. Field and laboratory measurements are discussed along with computational techniques. The rest of the chapter focuses on psychophysical research methods that aim to quantify the human physiological and psychological responses to the quantity and distribution of light.
Role of Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Patients who undergo surgery for non-small cell lung cancer are at relatively high risk of local/regional recurrence, especially those with involved mediastinal lymph nodes. Postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) has been shown to decrease the risk of local/regional recurrence but its effect on overall survival remains unclear due to the competing risks of distant metastases and treatment-related morbidity and mortality. The randomized LungART study sought to examine the benefit of PORT, using modern techniques and doses, in patients with mediastinal lymph node involvement (N2) receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Preliminary results show an improvement in local/regional control but no improvement in overall survival. While many guidelines continue to recommend PORT in the setting of positive margins or mediastinal lymph node involvement, these recommendations may change based on the final results of the LungART trial.
Protein Synthesis and Long‐term Synaptic Plasticity

Long term synaptic plasticity is a sustained alteration in the activity of a nerve cell. This change is produced by receptor mediated induction of gene expression which results in the synthesis of new protein, both in the neuron’s cell body and at its terminals. Keywords: consolidation; anisomycin; puromycin; transcription factors; learning and memory; translational control
Psychosocial support and resilience building among health workers in Sierra Leone: interrelations between coping skills, stress levels, and interpersonal relationships

Background In low- and middle-income countries, a shortage of properly trained, supervised, motivated and equitably distributed health workers often hinder the delivery of lifesaving interventions. Various health workforce bottlenecks can be addressed by tackling well-being and interpersonal relationships of health workers with their colleagues and clients. This paper uses data from the Helping Health Workers Cope (HHWC) project in a rural district of Sierra Leone to achieve three objectives. First, we describe the effect of counseling and psychosocial training on coping skills, stress levels, and provider-provider and provider-client relationships. Second, we examine whether a change in coping skills is associated with a change in relationships. Finally, we qualitatively identify key ways through which the uptake of coping skills is linked to a change in relationships.
College Students with ADHD and Other Hidden Disabilities

Abstract: Nearly 25 years of special education law have enabled many qualified students with disabilities to graduate from college preparatory high school programs and enter institutes of higher education. The Americans with Disabilities Act enacted by Congress in 1990, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975, and Section 504 of the Rehabilition Act of 1973 all mandate special education services for students with disabilities. A parallel nationwide rise is being reported in the numbers of students with disabilities on college campuses. The greatest increase is seen in students with so-called hidden disabilities such as learning disabilities, ADHD, and psychiatric disabilities. These students face a number of obstacles once they are admitted to college. Many factors, some intrinsic to the student and others extrinsic to the campus, moderate success in higher education. Overlapping or multiple diagnoses, psychological distress, poor social and interpersonal skills, persisting cognitive deficits (especially in the area of executive functioning), and alcohol abuse are important factors that must be understood as institutions of higher education strive to promote access and provide effective support services on their campuses.
Leadership by example: saying no to health industry board membership.

Prohibition is the best way to safeguard scientific and clinical integrity Although medicine came late to managing conflict of interest and promoting transparency, well after law, finance, and government, it now confronts many of the critical issues. Part of the impetus to change was externally driven, with state and federal legislation playing a key role in the United States. For example, US senator Charles Grassley led the initiative to compel drug and device companies to disclose all payments over $10 (£6.47; €8.95) to physicians and teaching hospitals, with the data accessible, name by name, on a public website.1 But part of the impetus also came from within medicine. Several medical school deans believed that cozy ties between industry and faculty violated professional standards.2 At the same time, medical researchers documented the extent and impact of these relations. In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.h4826) a study of this problem by Anderson and colleagues is an excellent case in point.3 The research into physician-industry ties helped alter attitudes and practices. Dozens of well designed articles refuted …
Public Choice and Judicial Review

Given the reputation of economics as the dismal science, it is pleasant to report on two upbeat books that draw on public choice theory-the economic study of nonmarket decision making-for insights relating to law. Not that these books lack for jaundice. They amply reveal the authors' belief that, in the crush of interest group politics, the public interest often is ignored. But the jaundice notwithstanding, both books have a positive thrust. Both contend that democratic lawmaking institutions can serve the public interest, that frequently they do, and that federal judges can help ensure that result. Given that some public choice theorists question the very possibility of defining the public interest in a coherent and defensible way, these are remarkable claims. The authors' willingness to make them shows that lawyerly faith in democracy and law can survive extended exposure to public choice theory. Not every law professor who reads the public choice literature is jaded by the experience. Some find their faith in democracy renewed. Daniel A. Farber and Philip P. Frickey sound upbeat notes throughout Law and Public Choice: A Critical Introduction.' They begin this survey
A Personal Note on Methyl Testosterone in Hypogonadism1

This anonymous report by a eunuchoid physician is extraordinary. Since the data for many clinical experiments are obtained from patients who have no scientific training, this report is especially valuable because the observer is a physician trained in endocrinology. Although he does not wish to be identified, he deserves full credit. Synthetic androgens offer a new horizon in the treatment of the adult eunuchoidal syndrome. This is especially welcome to those patients who have received abundant pituitary preparations without discernible benefit. Many of the claims for the testosterones may have seemed too enthusiastic. While healthy skepticism is commendable, adherence to this attitude in the face of clinical evidence to the contrary may deprive the eunuchoidal patient of therapeutic benefits which will immeasurably add to his well being and happiness. Testosterone propionate has been administered by injection (1, 2) and testosterone by subcutaneous implantation of pellets (3).
The limits of limited-blockage Frankfurt-style cases

Philosophers employing Frankfurt-style cases to challenge the principle of alternative possibilities have mostly sought to construct scenarios that eliminate as many of an agent’s alternatives as possible—and all alternatives at the moment of action, within the agent’s control—without causally determining the agent’s actions. One of the chief difficulties for this traditional approach is that the closer one gets to ruling out absolutely all alternative possibilities the more it appears that agents’ actions in these cases are causally determined. “Limited-blockage” versions of these cases are meant to sidestep this worry by blocking all and only those alternatives that are intrinsically relevant to moral responsibility (“robust alternatives”) while leaving open all other alternatives, including a significant range of alternatives that are within the agent’s voluntary control at the moment of action. I argue that, owing to the fact that omissions (and not just actions) are capable of constituting robust alternative possibilities, limited-blockage cases cannot avoid collapsing into the more traditional sort of Frankfurt-style case to which they are meant to be an alternative and so are vulnerable to the very same concerns they are meant to avoid.
Variance Reduction using Nonlinear Control and Transformations

Nonlinear regression-adjusted control variables are investigated for improving variance reduction in statistical and system simulations. To this end, simple control variables are piecewise sectioned and then transformed using linear and nonlinear transformations. Optimal parameters of these transformations are selected using linear or nonlinear least-squares regression algorithms. As an example, piecewise power-transformed variables are used in the estimation of the mean for the twovariable Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit statistic W 2 2. Substantial variance reduction over straightforward controls is obtained. These parametric transformations are compared against optimal, additive nonparametric transformations obtained by using the ACE algorithm and are shown, in comparison to the results from ACE, to be nearly optimal.
Metal arene complexation of polybenzyl: Preparation and methylation

Polybenzyl has been complexed with the chromium tricarbonyl moiety by thermal treatment with chromium hexacarbonyl. The aryl rings of the product were complexed with the chromium tricarbonyl moiety to the extent of 41–63%. Assessment of the degree of complexation was satisfactorily carried out by elemental chromium analysis or by 13C-NMR methods which agreed within 5%. GPC was less satisfactory. TGA analysis of the complexed polymers suggested the possibility of cross-linking on thermal treatment. The benzylic groups of the polymer complex were methylated with base and methyl iodide in up to 88% of the complexed arene activated methylene groups. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa: oral manifestations and dental therapy.

Abstract The oral and dental manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria were evaluated in seventeen patients with this disorder. Clinical findings were correlated with the electron microscope-documented diagnosis of each variant of epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria. Significant differences in the dental and oral presentations of each variant indicate the importance of considering these findings in differential diagnosis of the variants and in treatment planning for dental disease in these patients. A rationale for surgical and restorative intervention based on experience with these seventeen patients is presented.
HS1 functions as an essential actin-regulatory adaptor protein at the immune synapse.

Summary HS1, the leukocyte-specific homolog of cortactin, regulates F-actin in vitro and is phosphorylated in response to TCR ligation, but its role in lymphocyte activation has not been addressed. We demonstrate that HS1-deficient T cells fail to accumulate F-actin at the immune synapse (IS) and, upon TCR ligation, form actin-rich structures that are disordered and unstable. Early TCR activation events are intact in these cells, but Ca 2+ influx and IL-2 gene transcription are defective. Importantly, HS1 tyrosine phosphorylation is required for its targeting to the IS and for its function in regulating actin dynamics and IL-2 promoter activity. Phosphorylation also links HS1 to multiple signaling proteins, including Lck, PLCγ1, and Vav1, and is essential for the stable recruitment of Vav1 to the IS. Taken together, our studies show that HS1 is indispensable for signaling events leading to actin assembly and IL-2 production during T cell activation.
Chemical ionization mass spectrometric characteristics of morphine alkaloids

The ion-molecular reaction behavior of ten morphine alkaloids with several commonly used reagent gases are studied under chemical ionization mass spectrometry conditions. These studies emphasize the correlation of the structural characteristics of the 10 alkaloids with the following four mass spectrometric parameters: (i) mass shifts of the protonated ion as a result of replacing ammonia with deuterated ammonia as the reagent gas, (ii) relative tendencies of the adduct ion and the protonated ion to lose molecules of water, (iii) relative intensity ratio of the adduct ion and the protonated ion and (iv) tendency of a compound to undergo a reduction reaction.
Laparoscopic hernia repair with adductor tenotomy for athletic pubalgia: an established procedure for an obscure entity

Athletic pubalgia is a syndrome of chronic lower abdomen and groin pain that occurs in athletes. It is the direct result of stress and microtears of the rectus abdominis inserting on the pubis from the antagonizing adductor longus muscles, and weakness of the posterior transversalis fascia and bulging of the inguinal floor. Under IRB approval, we conducted a retrospective review of our prospectively competitive athlete patients with athletic pubalgia from 2007 to 2013. A cohort of 54 patients was examined. Mean age was 22.4 years. Most patients were football players (n = 23), triathlon (n = 11), track and field (n = 6), soccer players (n = 5), baseball players (n = 4), swimmers (n = 3), golfer (n = 1), and tennis player (n = 1). Fifty one were males and three were females. All patients failed medical therapy with physiotherapy prior to surgery. 76 % of patients had an MRI performed with 26 % having a right rectus abdominis stripping injury with concomitant strain at the adductor longus musculotendinous junction. 7 % of patients had mild nonspecific edema in the distal bilateral rectus abdominis muscles without evidence of a tear. Twenty patients had no findings on their preoperative MRI, and only one patient was noted to have an inguinal hernia on MRI. All patients underwent laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair with synthetic mesh and ipsilateral adductor longus tenotomy. All patients were able to return to full sports-related activity in 24 days (range 21–28 days). One patient experienced urinary retention and another sustained an adductor brevis hematoma 3 months after completion of rehabilitation and surgical intervention. Mean follow up was 18 months. Athletic pubalgia is a disease with a multifactorial etiology that can be treated surgically by a laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair with synthetic mesh accompanied with an ipsilateral adductor longus tenotomy allowing patients to return to sports-related activity early with minimal complications.
Flux change in type II superconductors induced by moving dislocations

The mixed state of a type II superconductor has been studied in the presence of moving dislocations. It is found that when dislocations move during plastic deformation there is a change in A.C. permeability which is reversible, with the mobile dislocations supplying the driving force for the transition. Such a transition has been observed in various lead based alloys, independent of the grain size, degree of homogeneity or heat-treatment.
High crystalline quality ZnBeSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy with Be}Zn co-irradiation

High crystalline quality ZnBeSe epilayers with di!erent compositions were grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using Be}Zn co-irradiation of the III}V surface and a ZnSe bu!er layer. A (1]2) re#ection high-energy electron di!raction pattern was formed after the Be}Zn co-irradiation indicating the formation of Be and Zn dimers on the GaAs surface. A two-dimensional growth mode was observed throughout the growth of the ZnSe bu!er layer and ZnBeSe epilayer. Narrow X-ray linewidth as low as 23 arcsec with the etch pit density of mid 104 cm~2 were obtained. The linewidth of the dominant excitonic emission is about 2.5 meV at 13 K for the near-lattice-matched ZnBeSe layer. For a nitrogen-doped sample, capacitance}voltage measurements showed a net acceptor concentration of 2.0]1017 cm~3. In addition, the use of a BeTe bu!er layer and of a Zn-irradiation with a ZnSe bu!er layer were also investigated. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Dodecyl maltoside-sodium dodecyl sulfate two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins

Abstract A two-dimensional electrophoretic system has been developed for the separation of chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins. This system incorporates nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of the nonionic detergent dodecyl-β- d -maltoside in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. Thylakoid membranes isolated from Spinacia oleracea were solubilized in 1.0% dodecyl-β- d -maltoside and separated in 4–7% linear acrylamide gradient tube gels which contained 0.05% dodecyl-β- d -maltoside. After electrophoresis, the tube gels were equilibrated with a sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing equilibration buffer and applied to a 12.5–20% acrylamide linear gradient gel. The Lammelli buffer system was used in both dimensions. The two-dimensional gels were analyzed by staining sequentially with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine-H2O2, Coomassie blue, and silver staining. A number of protein components were identified on “Western blots” of these two-dimensional gels by immunological localization. Membrane protein complexes such as the light-harvesting chlorophyll a b protein complex, photosystem I, photosystem II, the cytochrome b 6 f complex and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase appear to migrate as essentially intact complexes in the first dimension and appear as vertical series of resolved subunits in the second dimension. This technique complements isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in providing additional information concerning the subunit composition of membrane protein complexes and may prove to be of general utility for studying the protein composition of other membrane systems.
Environmental factors relating to arsenic accumulation by Dunaliella sp

The accumulation of arsenic by Dunaliella sp. was examined by using a solution containing arsenic only as a first approach to the study of arsenic recovery by aqueous systems. The accumulation of arsenic by Dunaliella sp. was rapid, with equilibrium established in 8 h with respect to arsenic partioning between dissolved and particulate phase. The optimum accumulation was at pH 8.2, NaCl 20 g dm−3, illumination 5000–10000 lux and temperature 22°C. Increased phosphate concentration significantly decreased the uptake of arsenic in the culture. These results suggested that accumulation of arsenic by Dunaliella sp. depended upon biological activity.
What teachers think about what they can do with data: Development and validation of the data driven decision-making efficacy and anxiety inventory

Classroom level data driven decision-making (DDDM) involves the use of data to identify patterns of performance that reveal students’ academic strengths and weaknesses relative to established learning goals, and the planning of instructional practices to support academic success for all students. Although DDDM is not a new paradigm in education, little is known about what variables facilitate teacher adoption of DDDM practices. The aim of this work was to introduce two such variables, DDDM efficacy and DDDM anxiety, and a measure of these constructs, the DDDM efficacy and anxiety (3D-MEA) inventory. The 1728 participants in this study were K-12 teachers who had experienced varying levels of DDDM professional development in a Pacific Northwestern state. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 864) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 864) were utilized to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 3D-MEA Inventory. Results supported a five-factor model. A discussion of the results and their implications ensue.
The conformational dependence of vicinal 15N-C-C-H coupling constants in peptides

The conformational dependence of vicinal 15N-C-C-H coupling in N-methylacetamide as a model compound for coupling in the peptide backbone is investigated by means of the self-consistent perturbation formulation for coupling constants in the INDO approximation of self-consistent-field molecular orbital theory. Because the calculated coupling constants cover a range of at least 7 Hz, they should be useful in determining the ψ angles in peptides. The prediction of opposite signs for gauche and trans coupling indicates the need for sign determination. Non-negligible coupling constants of positive sign for the gauche arrangements are undoubtedly due to a substituent effect involving the lone pair electrons on the nitrogen and the π-electrons of the carbonyl group. Calculated results are compared with the available experimental data.
CARRIER FUNCTION IN ANTI-HAPTEN ANTIBODY RESPONSES : III. STIMULATION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS AND FACILITATION OF HAPTEN-SPECIFIC SECONDARY ANTIBODY RESPONSES BY GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST REACTIONS

The studies reported here demonstrate that immunocompetent lymphoid cells from allogeneic donor guinea pigs stimulate the synthesis of anti-DNP and anti-OVA antibodies by recipients previously primed with DNP-OVA. This allogeneic effect occurs spontaneously in the absence of any further anti-genic challenge. Furthermore, the transfer of allogeneic cells prepares DNP-OVA-primed recipients for a striking secondary anti-DNP response to DNP-BGG; this occurs in equal degree whether or not the cells are derived from BGG-primed donors. We suggest that the allogeneic cells function by virtue of a specific immunologic attack of grafted cells on host cells. This conclusion is made on the basis of the following evidence: (a) The failure of observing the phenomenon with L(2)C leukemia cells and irradiated strain 2 lymph node and spleen cells which, although capable of initiating a host-versus-graft response, are incapable of mediating graft-versus-host reactions; and (b) the inability of (strain 2 x strain 13) F(1) hybrids to mediate the allogeneic effect in strain 13 recipients. The analysis of this phenomenon may offer a key to the delineation of mechanisms involved in the activation of precursors of antibody-forming cells.