cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinically significant radiograph misinterpretations at an emergency medicine residency program

Radiographic misinterpretation rates have been suggested as a quality assurance tool for assessing emergency departments and individual physicians, but have not been defined for emergency medicine residency programs. A study was conducted to define misinterpretation rates for an emergency medicine residency program, compare misinterpretation rates among various radiographic studies, and determine differences with respect to level of training. A total of 12,395 radiographic studies interpreted by emergency physicians during a consecutive 12-month period were entered into a computerized data base as part of our quality assurance program. The radiologist's interpretation was defined as correct. Clinical significance of all discrepancies was determined prospectively by ED faculty. Four hundred seventy-five (3.4%) total errors and 350 (2.8%) clinically significant errors were found. There was a difference in clinically significant misinterpretation rates among the seven most frequently obtained radiograph studies (P less than .0005, chi 2), accounted for by the 9% misinterpretation rates for facial films. No difference (P = .421) was noted among full-time, part-time, third-year, second-year, and "other" physicians. This finding is likely due to faculty review of residents' readings. Evaluation of misinterpretation rates as a quality assurance tool is necessary to determine the role of radiographic quality assurance in emergency medicine resident training. Educational activities should be directed toward radiographic studies with higher-than-average reported misinterpretation rates.
Real characters, double covers, and the multiplier

The essential ingredient in the proof of this result is the existence of a nontrivial double cover of S,, the symmetric group on n letters. Denote this double cover by Z >--) g,, -H S,. The inverse image in s”, of any subgroup of S, gives rise to a double cover of that subgroup. The extra hypothesis in this theorem implies the double cover is non-trivial. If S, is regarded as a group of permutation matrices rather than just permutations, then each element of S, is an orthogonal matrix. Moreover, the full orthogonal group O,(K) has a nontrivial double cover (for char K # 2), which induces the previous double cover on S,. This suggests that the permutation criterion, Theorem 1.1, might be generalized to show the existence of a non-trivial double cover for a group of orthogonal matrices. This is done by replacing the reference to the cycle structure of an element by a condition on its eigenvalues.
Increasing the Reactivity of Vaska’s Compound. Oxidative Addition of Chlorobenzene at Ambient Temperature

Silylium ion-like reagents, R3Siδ+(carboraneδ−), are successful where silver salts fail in abstracting chloride ion from IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2 in arene solvents. Replacement of chloride by a very weakly coordinating carborane anion such as CHB11H5Cl6− promotes unusually facile oxidative addition of chlorobenzene, giving the coordinatively unsaturated IrCl(CO)(C6H5)(PPh3)2]+ cation. Other arene solvents promote disproportionation with loss of a phosphine ligand to give labile Ir(I) cations of the type [Ir(arene)(CO)(PPh3)]+, having three latent vacant coordination sites.
Purification of deformin, an extracellular protein synthesized by Bartonella bacilliformis which causes deformation of erythrocyte membranes.

Abstract A factor capable of deforming erythrocyte membranes, found in the culture supernatants of Bartonella bacilliformis , was purified 1840-fold using hydrophobic, ion exchange and gel exclusion chromatography. The final fractions contained a single detectable polypeptide species, referred to as deformin, having a molecular weight of 67 000 by SDS-PAGE and a native molecular weight of 130 000 by gel exclusion chromatography or velocity sedimentation in a glycerol gradient. Erythrocytes treated with deformin acquire trenches, indentations, and invaginations which could be reversed by Vanadate, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), or by raising the internal Ca 2+ concentrations with the ionophore A23187. Internal vacuoles also form. Erythrocytes treated with trypsin or neuraminidase are much more sensitive to deformin than untreated erythrocytes; erythrocytes treated with phospholipase D are less sensitive to deformin. This protein may play a role in causing the severe anemia which can result as a consequence of infection by B. bacilliformis .
Pseudomelanoma of the Iris in Herpes Simplex Keratoiritis

A 37-year-old white man with a long history of recurrent herpetic keratitis presented with a rapidly enlarging pigmented iris lesion. The primary diagnostic concern was that the lesion might be a malignant melanoma. A biopsy of the mass was done and proved it to be a granuloma with granulomatous arteritis and infarction of the iris. In a patient with a history of recurrent ocular inflammation, such a hypersensitivity granuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of iris melanoma.
Transformation of the mycoparasite Gliocladium

Gliocladium roseum and G. virens are saprophytic fungi with biological control activity against various plant pathogens, including those causing seedling diseases in cotton. Genetic transformation systems were developed to provide the potential for incorporating additional traits to improve the biocontrol efficacy of Gliocladium. Gliocladium roseum protoplasts were transformed with G. virens genomic DNA. The 6.7 kb plasmid pH1S containing a bacterial hygromycin B resistance gene, hygB, was used to transform G. virens. Up to ten methionine-independent G. roseum transformants were recovered per microgram of G. virens DNA. Transformation frequencies as high as 150 hygromycin B-resistant transformants per microgram of circular palsmid DNA were observed with electroporation at a field strength of 500 V/cm. Total DNA was isolated from G. virens transformants and hybridized to purified hygB or pBR322 (the vector used in the pH1S construct) DNA. The hygB DNA was integrated into genomic DNA. Precise excision of the plasmid by two different restriction endonucleases provided evidence for the presence of multiple tandem copies in some transformants. The presence of multiple bands in digests of other transformants suggested multiple sites of integration.
Random Set Tracker Experiment on a Road Constrained Network with Resource Management

This paper describes the application of finite set statistics (FISST) to real-time multiple target road constrained tracking problems. We studied specific test problems where multiple modality wireless sensor networks monitored road networks of interest. Acoustic and radar detections updated a global density that tracked the number and positions of targets. The global density determines "information states" that form the basis of a closed-loop Markov Decision Process resource management procedure that controls sensor operation.
Physical Therapy Observation and Assessment in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

ABSTRACTThis article presents the elements of the Observation and Assessment section of the Infant Care Path for Physical Therapy in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The types of physical therapy assessments presented in this path are evidence-based and the suggested timing of these assessments is primarily based on practice knowledge from expert therapists, with supporting evidence cited. Assessment in the NICU begins with a thorough review of the health care record. Assessment proceeds by using the least invasive methods of gathering the behavioral, developmental, physiologic, and musculoskeletal information needed to implement a physical therapy plan of care. As the neonate matures and can better tolerate handling, assessment methods include lengthier standardized tests with the psychometric properties needed for informing diagnosis and intervention planning. Standardized tests and measures for screening, diagnosis, and developmental assessment are appraised and special considerations for asses...
EFFECTS OF PROTEIN‐ENERGY RATIOS ON GROWTH OF AMERICAN LOBSTERS (Homarus americanus)

Pre-molt adult lobsters in stage D0 to D1 were fed undefined artificial diets with protein-energy ratios of 0.07 to 0.15 in which caloric densities remained constant or varied from 2.34 to 4.48 kcal/g. Growth was measured by change in wet weight in air. There were no significant differences between diets after 8 weeks. When similar diets were fed to post-molt adult lobsters (stages A1-A2), there was a significant increase in weight of lobsters fed diets with protein-energy ratio of 0.07 and caloric density of 2.34 kcal/g as compared to pre-molt lobsters, indicating that stage of molt significantly affects dietary response. Similar results were also found within juvenile feeding trials.
Synthesis of phosphorodithioate DNA by the H-phosphonothioate method

Abstract A novel method for the efficientsynthesis phosphorodithioate DNA using H-phosphonothioate synthons is described. The 5′-DMT-nucleoside H-phosphonothioate monomers were prepared in two high yielding steps from commercially available phosphoramidites. This strategy for the synthesis of H-phosphonothioate monomers proved versatile and allowed for the synthesis of cholesterol H-phosphonothioate synthons. Synthetic protocols for the assembly of phosphorodithioate DNA using an automated synthesizer were developed. The H-phosphonothioate solid-phase synthesis method facilitates the preparation of oligonucleotide conjugates, as demonstrated by the example of attachment of 5′-cholesterol oligonucleotides.
The comparative effectiveness of sponsored and nonsponsored links for Web e-commerce queries

The predominant business model for Web search engines is sponsored search, which generates billions in yearly revenue. But are sponsored links providing online consumers with relevant choices for products and services? We address this and related issues by investigating the relevance of sponsored and nonsponsored links for e-commerce queries on the major search engines. The results show that average relevance ratings for sponsored and nonsponsored links are practically the same, although the relevance ratings for sponsored links are statistically higher. We used 108 ecommerce queries and 8,256 retrieved links for these queries from three major Web search engines: Yahoo!, Google, and MSN. In addition to relevance measures, we qualitatively analyzed the e-commerce queries, deriving five categorizations of underlying information needs. Product-specific queries are the most prevalent (48%). Title (62%) and summary (33%) are the primary basis for evaluating sponsored links with URL a distant third (2%). To gauge the effectiveness of sponsored search campaigns, we analyzed the sponsored links from various viewpoints. It appears that links from organizations with large sponsored search campaigns are more relevant than the average sponsored link. We discuss the implications for Web search engines and sponsored search as a long-term business model and as a mechanism for finding relevant information for searchers.
Adolescent Males’ Awareness of and Willingness to Try Electronic Cigarettes

Purpose Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a new type of device that delivers vaporized nicotine without the tobacco combustion of regular cigarettes. We sought to understand awareness of and willingness to try e-cigarettes among adolescent males, a group that is at risk for smoking initiation and may use e-cigarettes as a “gateway” to smoking.
Outcome analysis of patients with acute pancreatitis by using an artificial neural network.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The authors performed this study to evaluate the ability of an artificial neural network (ANN) that uses radiologic and laboratory data to predict the outcome in patients with acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods An ANN was constructed with data from 92 patients with acute pancreatitis who underwent computed tomography (CT). Input nodes included clinical, laboratory, and CT data. The ANN was trained and tested by using a round-robin technique, and the performance of the ANN was compared with that of linear discriminant analysis and Ranson and Balthazar grading systems by using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The length of hospital stay was used as an outcome measure. Results Hospital stay ranged from 0 to 45 days, with a mean of 8.4 days. The hospital stay was shorter than the mean for 62 patients and longer than the mean for 30. The 23 input features were reduced by using stepwise linear discriminant analysis, and an ANN was developed with the six most statistically significant parameters (blood pressure, extent of inflammation, fluid aspiration, serum creatinine level, serum calcium level, and the presence of concurrent severe illness). With these features, the ANN successfully predicted whether the patient would exceed the mean length of stay (Az = 0.83 ± 0.05). Although the Az performance of the ANN was statistically significantly better than that of the Ranson (Az = 0.68 ± 0.06, P Conclusion An ANN may be useful for predicting outcome in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Medical police and the history of public health.

Le concept de police medicale dans le contexte de l'histoire de la sante publique. L'auteur developpe des arguments sur l'utilisation et la disparition de ce terme en soulignant qu'il s'agit principalement d'une lutte terminologique, d'un changement tactique au sens politique plutot qu'epistemique au sens culturel. Le cas de l'Angleterre sert de base a la demonstration de l'auteur.
Implementation of market orientation in the subsidiaries of global companies: the role of institutional factors

Drawing upon the market orientation literature and institutional theory, this study examines the factors that affect the implementation of market orientation in the subsidiaries of global companies, using data gathered from multiple informants and multiple sources in 79 subsidiaries located in 45 countries. Findings indicate that the market orientation of subsidiaries is positively related to the legal institutions, local competition in the host country market, and the market orientation of headquarters. The findings also indicate that the headquarters’ market orientation has more pronounced effects on the implementation of market orientation for subsidiaries that strongly identify with headquarters. Moreover, the study demonstrates that cultural distance between home and host countries of the subsidiary strengthens the positive effects of competitive intensity on market orientation implementation. As such, this research addresses an important concern among researchers and managers that is related to how to increase the market orientation and, thereby, the performance of their subsidiaries located in foreign countries.
Tetra‐μ3‐chlorotetrakis[(1,2,3,4,5‐η)‐1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethyl‐2,4‐cyclopentadien‐1‐yl]tetra‐ruthenium

[113860-07-4] C40H60Cl4Ru4 (MW 1087.01) InChI = 1S/4C10H15.4ClH.4Ru/c4*1-6-7(2)9(4)10(5)8(6)3;;;;;;;;/h4*1-5H3;4*1H;;;;/q;;;;;;;;4*+1/p-4 InChIKey = OERKVPMERDXYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J (reagent used as a source of Cp*RuCl) Alternate Name: chloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium tetramer. Physical Data: mp = no data. Solubility: soluble in CH3CN and CH2Cl2, slightly soluble in THF, and very slightly soluble in hexanes. Form Supplied in: dark red crystals >95%. Analysis of Reagent Purity: elemental analysis. Preparative Methods: reduction of Cp*RuCl2 with 1 equiv LiHBEt3 in THF. Purification: crystallization from THF. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: air- sensitive, incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Model identification of a template-directed peptide network for optimization in a continuous reactor

The production rate and selectivity of a cross-catalytic peptide network are optimized in a simulated continuous reaction process, under a peptide solubility constraint. The steady state of this open process is not the equilibrium state, and the optimal solution employs diverse cooperative components.
Using One Evaluation to Affect Many

AbstractAlthough visitor studies has gained in popularity in the museum field over the past decade, staff members in many institutions still believe that evaluation is a time-consuming, often complex practice that requires considerable resources and expertise.Over the past few years, evaluation professionals have begun developing innovative methods to streamline practice and increase efficiency with the goal of establishing more opportunities for strategic learning, timely and useful application of data, and building institutional evaluation capacity. As the interest and need for evaluation grows, the field must find ways to respond with agility and share effective strategies with a greater number of institutions engaged in visitor studies. This case study offers such an opportunity as it describes an example of how an institution's small evaluation team leveraged one initiative to affect not only other evaluation studies, but also its own evaluation practice.
On circuit techniques to improve noise immunity of CMOS dynamic logic

Dynamic CMOS logic circuits are widely employed in high-performance VLSI chips in pursuing very high system performance. However, dynamic CMOS gates are inherently less resistant to noises than static CMOS gates. With the increasing stringent noise requirement due to aggressive technology scaling, the noise tolerance of dynamic circuits has to be first improved for the overall reliable operation of VLSI chips designed using deep submicron process technology. In the literature, a number of design techniques have been proposed to enhance the noise tolerance of dynamic logic gates. An overview and classification of these techniques are first presented in this paper. Then, we introduce a novel noise-tolerant design technique using circuitry exhibiting a negative differential resistance effect. We have demonstrated through analysis and simulation that using the proposed method the noise tolerance of dynamic logic gates can be improved beyond the level of static CMOS logic gates while the performance advantage of dynamic circuits is still retained. Simulation results on large fan-in dynamic CMOS logic gates have shown that, at a supply voltage of 1.6 V, the input noise immunity level can be increased to 0.8 V for about 10% delay overhead and to 1.0 V for only about 20% delay overhead.
Dynamic probability control limits for risk‐adjusted Bernoulli CUSUM charts

The risk-adjusted Bernoulli cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart developed by Steiner et al. (2000) is an increasingly popular tool for monitoring clinical and surgical performance. In practice, however, the use of a fixed control limit for the chart leads to a quite variable in-control average run length performance for patient populations with different risk score distributions. To overcome this problem, we determine simulation-based dynamic probability control limits (DPCLs) patient-by-patient for the risk-adjusted Bernoulli CUSUM charts. By maintaining the probability of a false alarm at a constant level conditional on no false alarm for previous observations, our risk-adjusted CUSUM charts with DPCLs have consistent in-control performance at the desired level with approximately geometrically distributed run lengths. Our simulation results demonstrate that our method does not rely on any information or assumptions about the patients' risk distributions. The use of DPCLs for risk-adjusted Bernoulli CUSUM charts allows each chart to be designed for the corresponding particular sequence of patients for a surgeon or hospital. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of dietary energy vs. protein restriction on blood constituents and reproductive performance in swine.

The effects of feeding restricted energy or restricted protein on blood constituents were studied in pregnant gilts. Gilts fed the protein-restricted diet through out gestation had lower hemoglobin, serum protein and serum albumin levels from week 10 to parturition, indicating depletion of labile protein reserves of the protein-restricted gilts to satisfy fetal requirements. The protein-restricted gilts (PR) developed edema between the hindlegs and around the vulva probably due to the low serum protein and albumin concentrations. There were no significant differences among groups in blood glucose and plasma FFA and all groups showed a significant rise in blood glucose after week 10. A reduced sensitivity to insulin occurring during pregnancy could account for this significant increase in glucose. Birth weight was significantly lower in PR group compared to control (C) and energy-restricted (ER) groups. It appears that changes in blood glucose and plasma FFA are not sensitive indices of energy needs in energy- or protein-restricted pregnant gilts and that only dietary protein deprivation affects blood hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, serum protein and albumin concentrations. J. Nutr. 104: 1033-1040, 1974.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Ultrasound is most often prescribed in obstetrics for routine dating procedures. In routine exams fetal anomalies may be detected. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a fairly rare anomaly that has been detected in utero with ultrasound. The sonographic features of CDH may be very subtle, and sonographers need to be knowledgeable and skilled to detect the abnormality.
A Method of Mapping Protein Sumoylation Sites by Mass Spectrometry Using a Modified Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 1 (SUMO-1) and a Computational Program

Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) is a highly conserved process from yeast to humans and plays important regulatory roles in many cellular processes. Sumoylation occurs at certain internal lysine residues of target proteins via an isopeptide bond linkage. Unlike ubiquitin whose carboxyl-terminal sequence is RGG, the tripeptide at the carboxyl terminus of SUMO is TGG. The presence of the arginine residue at the carboxyl terminus of ubiquitin allows tryptic digestion of ubiquitin conjugates to yield a signature peptide containing a diglycine remnant attached to the target lysine residue and rapid identification of the ubiquitination site by mass spectrometry. The absence of lysine or arginine residues in the carboxyl terminus of mammalian SUMO makes it difficult to apply this approach to mapping sumoylation sites. We performed Arg scanning mutagenesis by systematically substituting amino acid residues surrounding the diglycine motif and found that a SUMO variant terminated with RGG can be conjugated efficiently to its target protein under normal sumoylation conditions. We developed a Programmed Data Acquisition (PDA) mass spectrometric approach to map target sumoylation sites using this SUMO variant. A web-based computational program designed for efficient identification of the modified peptides is described.
DataFed: Mediated web services for distributed air quality data access and processing.

This is a report on the federated data system,DataFed for distributed air quality data. Data sources are federated by applying a universal, multi-dimensional data model. The physical and semantic homogenization is accomplished by wrapper services. Data processing is performed through web services, which themselves can be distributed. Data processing applications are created by the composition of the distributed service components. International Standards and Protocols are used to establish interoperability of the service components. In this work we have adapted the OGC Web services as a standard protocol for air quality data access. This report summarizes our experiences with the OGC W*S based service composition. It includes the results of our participation in the GALEON (geo-interface to atmosphere,land,earth,ocean netCDF) Interoperability experiment.
Role of taurine in the central nervous system

Taurine demonstrates multiple cellular functions including a central role as a neurotransmitter, as a trophic factor in CNS development, in maintaining the structural integrity of the membrane, in regulating calcium transport and homeostasis, as an osmolyte, as a neuromodulator and as a neuroprotectant. The neurotransmitter properties of taurine are illustrated by its ability to elicit neuronal hyperpolarization, the presence of specific taurine synthesizing enzyme and receptors in the CNS and the presence of a taurine transporter system. Taurine exerts its neuroprotective functions against the glutamate induced excitotoxicity by reducing the glutamate-induced increase of intracellular calcium level, by shifting the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bad ratio in favor of cell survival and by reducing the ER stress. The presence of metabotropic taurine receptors which are negatively coupled to phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway through inhibitory G proteins is proposed, and the evidence supporting this notion is also presented.
Public Access and Importance of Offers to Dedicate on California's Coastline

Abstract Offers to dedicate (OTDs) were required by the California Coastal Commission as a condition for receiving a coastal development permit. These were only offers, and the interest remained with the landowner until the OTDs were accepted by a government or a nonprofit agency. The purpose of the OTD was to mitigate the effect of the proposed project on the public's ability to access the coast. Most of these easements were generated between 1980 and 1986. Court cases in 1987–89 challenged the relationship between “exaction” and development and made it almost impossible for the Commission to acquire any more of these. Thus, the OTDs that the California Coastal Commission have now are very crucial. However, not all the OTDs need be given the same priority in making them open to the public. The need for this study was identified in the Coastal Commission's Public Access Action Plan. As a part of this study, a comprehensive geographic information systems database of all existing OTDs was created. A method ...
EXAMINING DIFFERENTIAL OFFICER EFFECTS IN THE MINNEAPOLIS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXPERIMENT

Reassesses the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (MDVE) data of the 1980s which said that “arrest works best”. Examines the potential effects of a small number of officers generating a relatively large number of MDVE cases. Expresses concern that a few officers submitting a high rate of cases might have an inordinately large effect on the experimental outcomes. Seeks to determine whether they followed the experimental protocol but finds instead that it was the low rate officers who failed to do so. Finds that officers who submitted experimental cases at a high rate were also different in other ways from the rest of the officers. Finally, excludes findings relating to lower case officers and thereby reveals that recidivism in domestic violence was not reduced by the arrests.
Trigeminal satellite cells express functional calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors, whose activation enhances interleukin-1β pro-inflammatory effects

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is the main mediator of trigeminal pain signal. Functional CGRP receptors were detected in trigeminal satellite cells, a specialized type of glia found within the sensory ganglia. CGRP displayed modest pro-inflammatory effects per se on trigeminal satellite cells, while it significantly enhanced IL-1β actions, increasing the expression and activity of cycloxygenase 2 as well as the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase and IL-1β. CGRP effects were reverted by a specific CGRP receptor antagonist and mimicked by elevation of intracellular cAMP levels. CGRP exerted also minor proinflammatory effects on cortical astrocytes.
A Semi‐Mechanistic Metabolism Model of CYP3A Substrates in Pregnancy: Predicting Changes in Midazolam and Nifedipine Pharmacokinetics

The results of database surveys in developed countries show that 44–93% of pregnant women take at least one prescription medication other than vitamins and iron. 1 Pregnancy leads to a number of physiologic changes that alter drug metabolism and disposition. Despite the impact of pregnancy on pharmacokinetics, this population is underrepresented in and often excluded from clinical trials. 2,3
Photostimulated luminescence of corrugated fiberboard as an additional screening method for detecting radiated foods

Abstract In this study, PSL of non-irradiated and irradiated corrugated fiberboards (CFs) was investigated to evaluate the possibility that CFs can be used as alternative specimens for the screening detection method of food irradiation. The irradiation at a dose of only 0.15 kGy increased PSL signals of the CF over 1 order of magnitude. The PSL signals increased with increasing in gamma irradiation dose and became almost saturated at a dose of 5 kGy. The core of CFs showed PSL signals sufficient for distinguishing irradiated from non-irradiated at least 6 months after irradiation even though the CF was exposed to light and the environmental temperature increased to 50 °C. These results suggest that the PSL property of the core of CFs is useful for detecting irradiation. However, the large variation of PSL signals among CFs made it difficult to set a well-defined “positive” threshold limit to distinguish irradiated from non-irradiated completely. All of the non-irradiated CFs showed PSL signals above 10 3 counts, which is much higher than that detected for foods. It is apparent that the threshold limit of EN 13751 is not applicable to detecting irradiated CFs. More detailed collaborative research with large number of samples is needed to establish new threshold limits involving “intermediate” classification.
Phase I trial of combined treatment with ch14.18 and R24 monoclonal antibodies and interleukin-2 for patients with melanoma or sarcoma.

Purpose: We conducted a phase I trial of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in combination with chimeric 14.18 (ch14.18) and murine R24 antibodies to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD), immunological effects, and toxicity of this treatment combination. Experimental Design: Twenty-seven patients with either melanoma (23 patients) or sarcoma (4 patients) were enrolled to receive a combination therapy with ch14.18 and R24 antibodies together with continuous infusion of Roche IL-2 (1.5×106 U/m2/day, 26 patients) or Chiron IL-2 (4.5×106 U/m2/day, 1 patient) given 4 days/week for 3 weeks. The antibodies ch14.18 (2–7.5 mg/m2/day) and R24 (1–10 mg/m2/day) were scheduled to be administered for 5 days during the second week of IL-2 therapy. Results: When given in combination in this study, the MTD for ch14.18 was 5 mg/m2/day and the MTD for R24 was 5 mg/m2/day. Dose-limiting toxicities were severe allergic reactions to both ch14.18 and R24 as well as pain related to ch14.18. This ch14.18 MTD was lower than the 7.5 mg/m2/day MTD previously determined for ch14.18 given alone with the same dose and schedule of IL-2. Immunological effects included the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity (ADCC). Anti-idiotype response to ch14.18 was seen in six patients, including two melanoma patients who had a partial response to treatment. In addition to two partial responses, four patients had a stable disease and one patient remained without any evidence of disease. Conclusions: Immunotherapy with IL-2 in combination with ch14.18 and R24 antibodies augments LAK function and ADCC measured in vitro in all patients. While there exist theoretical advantages of combining these two antibodies, the MTD of ch14.18 and of R24 were lower than the MTD of each antibody in prior studies evaluating single antibody therapy with IL-2. As such, the combination of these two antibodies together with IL-2 therapy appeared to influence the MTD and toxicity of each of the administered antibodies.
Nature-based optimization of 2d negative-index metamaterials

This paper applies two nature-based optimization techniques - the genetic algorithm (GA) in the work of Haupt and Haupt (2004) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the work of Kennedy and Eberhart (2001) - to the design of a two-dimensional IR-visible metamaterial using realistic bulk silver parameters by maximizing a properly-defined figure of merit.
Some one-relator semigroup presentations with solvable word problems

We provide, for N ≥ 1, a solution to the word problem for the semigroup S having the presentation { a, b | a = aba N b }. For N = 2, this is example 7 in Howie and Pride [1]. Since solving the word problem for { a, b | a = aba N b } is equivalent to solving the word problem for { a, b|a = ba N ba }, the result here should be regarded as a special case of a more general result of Oganesyan [2], who solves the word problem for { a, b|a = bA }, A arbitrary.
Asset Storability and Price Discovery of Commodity Futures Markets: A New Look

This paper examines the price discovery performance of futures markets for storable and nonstorable commodities in the long run, allowing for the compounding factor of stochastic interest rates. The evidence shows that asset storability does not affect the existence of cointegration between cash and futures prices and the usefulness of future markets in predicting future cash prices. However, it may affect the magnitude of bias of futures markets' estimates (or predictions) for future cash prices. These findings have several important implications for commodity production decision-making, commodity hedging and commodity price forecasting.
Using Cognitive Theory and Methodology to Inform the Study of Sexual Victimization

Sexual victimization is a prevalent problem among college-aged women. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying sexual victimization, researchers have focused on the role of cognitive processes such as perception of sexual victimization risk, positing that difficulties with risk perception heighten women’s risk for victimization. However, researchers generally have not conceptualized risk perception in the context of a comprehensive cognitive model or utilized tasks and stimuli that allow them to examine specific cognitive processes linked to increased risk for sexual victimization. This review examines the research on sexual victimization risk perception, citing benefits and limitations to the extant literature, and discusses how a promising hybrid approach using cognitive theory and methodology can be applied to this area to better understand women’s risk for sexual victimization.
Using time-dependent models to investigate body condition and growth rate of the giant gartersnake

Identifying links between phenotypic attributes and fitness is a primary goal of reproductive ecology. Differences in within-year patterns of body condition between sexes of gartersnakes in relation to reproduction and growth are not fully understood. We conducted an 11-year field study of body condition and growth rate of the giant gartersnake Thamnophis gigas across 13 study areas in the Central Valley of California, USA. We developed a priori mixed effects models of body condition index (BCI), which included covariates of time, sex and snout–vent length and reported the best-approximating models using an information theoretic approach. Also, we developed models of growth rate index (GRI) using covariates of sex and periods based on reproductive behavior. The largest difference in BCI between sexes, as predicted by a non-linear (cubic) time model, occurred during the mating period when female body condition (0.014±0.001 se) was substantially greater than males (−0.027±0.002 se). Males likely allocated energy to search for mates, while females likely stored energy for embryonic development. We also provided evidence that males use more body energy reserves than females during hibernation, perhaps because of different body temperatures between sexes. We found GRI of male snakes was substantially lower during the mating period than during a non-mating period, which indicated that a trade-off existed between searching for mates and growth. These findings contribute to our understanding of snake ecology in a Mediterranean climate.
Impact of Hypertension on Continuous Flow-Left Ventricular Assist Device Outcomes

Older Women Benefit from Early Mechanical Support: An Update from the USPella Registry Susan M. Joseph, Meredith A. Brisco, Mary N. Walsh, Monica Colvin, Kathleen L. Grady, Maria Mountis, Jennifer L. Peura; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; St. Vincent Heart Center of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; University of Minnesota, St. Louis, MN; Northwestern University, Chicagot, IL; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
Effects of clenbuterol on insulin resistance in conscious obese Zucker rats.

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of chronic administration of the long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on rats that are genetically prone to insulin resistance and i...
Occult Knowledge, Science, and Gender on the Shakespearean Stage

Belief in spirits, demons and the occult was commonplace in the early modern period, as was the view that these forces could be used to manipulate nature and produce new knowledge. In this groundbreaking study, Mary Floyd-Wilson explores these beliefs in relation to women and scientific knowledge, arguing that the early modern English understood their emotions and behavior to be influenced by hidden sympathies and antipathies in the natural world. Focusing on Twelfth Night, Arden of Faversham, A Warning for Fair Women, All's Well That Ends Well, The Changeling and The Duchess of Malfi, she demonstrates how these plays stage questions about whether women have privileged access to nature's secrets and whether their bodies possess hidden occult qualities. Discussing the relationship between scientific discourse and the occult, she goes on to argue that as experiential evidence gained scientific ground, women's presumed intimacy with nature's secrets was either diminished or demonized.
Athens Glass Works

Athens Glass Works has been losing significant market share over the last several quarters in the non-glare-glass market, with a price 10% above the competition. Lowering the price is under consideration. Unfortunately, fully allocated costs are such that the lower price results in a loss. Issues to be discussed and analyses to be conducted include the relevant costs for the decision and the reactions from competitors.
Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Narcolepsy

The clinical and polysomnographic presentation of 12 published cases of narcolepsy with onset from early infancy to 8 years is reviewed at Victoria University, Melbourne, and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
The Growth-Promoting Activity of Several Lipid-Related Compounds in the Free-Living Nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae

SummaryThe growth-promoting activities of a number of lipid-related chemical compounds were studied in C. briggsae. It was found that several such compounds, Tween 80 (20 mg/ml), Tween 85 (10 mg/ml), sodium oleate (1.0 mg/ml), sodium stearate (1.0 mg/ml), ethanol (4.0 mg/ml), n-propanol (4.0 mg/ml), and potassium acetate (5.0 mg/ml), greatly stimulated population growth in C. briggsae and were much more potent than a casein hydrolysate (casamino acids). These findings have led to the recognition of a lipid-related factor for C. briggsae and to the successful development of a completely chemically defined medium for the cultivation of C. briggsae without the presence of a protein-aceous factor.
Examination of tyrosine/adenine stacking interactions in protein complexes.

The π-stacking interactions between tyrosine amino acid side chains and adenine-bearing ligands are examined. Crystalline protein structures from the protein data bank (PDB) exhibiting face-to-face tyrosine/adenine arrangements were used to construct 20 unique 4-methylphenol/N9-methyladenine (p-cresol/9MeA) model systems. Full geometry optimization of the 20 crystal structures with the M06-2X density functional theory method identified 11 unique low-energy conformations. CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) limit interaction energies were estimated for all of the structures to determine the magnitude of the interaction between the two ring systems. CCSD(T) computations with double-ζ basis sets (e.g., 6-31G*(0.25) and aug-cc-pVDZ) indicate that the MP2 method overbinds by as much as 3.07 kcal mol–1 for the crystal structures and 3.90 kcal mol–1 for the optimized structures. In the 20 crystal structures, the estimated CCSD(T) CBS limit interaction energy ranges from −4.00 to −6.83 kcal mol–1, with an average in...
Colitis Induced by Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile has been implicated as the major cause of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. The current laboratory diagnostic test of choice is a tissue culture assay that demonstrates the presence of a cytopathic toxin neutralized by antitoxin to Clostridium sordellii. This toxin was found in stools from 42 of 43 patients with antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis and in stools from 12 of 78 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Specimens from patients with gastrointestinal conditions unrelated to administration of antibiotics and those from healthy controls were uniformly negative. Neutralization of toxin by antitoxin to C. sordellii appears to represent antigenic cross-reactivity, since broth cultures of C. difficile also contain a cytopathic toxin neutralized by this antitoxin. Strains of C. difficile are susceptible to vancomycin, and the initial clinical experience with oral administration of this agent shows promising results.
Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians' Knowledge of Mechanical Ventilation.

Introduction: Although emergency physicians frequently intubate patients, management of mechanical ventilation has not been emphasized in emergency medicine (EM) education or clinical practice. The objective of this study was to quantify EM attendings’ education, experience, and knowledge regarding mechanical ventilation in the emergency department. Methods: We developed a survey of academic EM attendings’ educational experiences with ventilators and a knowledge assessment tool with nine clinical questions. EM attendings at key teaching hospitals for seven EM residency training programs in the northeastern United States were invited to participate in this survey study. We performed correlation and regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between attendings’ scores on the assessment instrument and their training, education, and comfort with ventilation. Results: Of 394 EM attendings surveyed, 211 responded (53.6%). Of respondents, 74.5% reported receiving three or fewer hours of ventilation-related education from EM sources over the past year and 98 (46%) reported receiving between 0-1 hour of education. The overall correct response rate for the assessment tool was 73.4%, with a standard deviation of 19.9. The factors associated with a higher score were completion of an EM residency, prior emphasis on mechanical ventilation during one’s own residency, working in a setting where an emergency physician bears primary responsibility for ventilator management, and level of comfort with managing ventilated patients. Physicians’ comfort was associated with the frequency of ventilator changes and EM management of ventilation, as well as hours of education. Conclusion: EM attendings report caring for mechanically ventilated patients frequently, but most receive fewer than three educational hours a year on mechanical ventilation, and nearly half receive 0-1 hour. Physicians’ performance on an assessment tool for mechanical ventilation is most strongly correlated with their self-reported comfort with mechanical ventilation.
Integrated analysis of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and hyperspectral imagery (HSI) data

LiDAR and hyperspectral data provide rich and complementary information about the content of a scene. In this work, we examine methods of data fusion, with the goal of minimizing information loss due to point-cloud rasterization and spatial-spectral resampling. Two approaches are investigated and compared: 1) a point-cloud approach in which spectral indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and principal components of the hyperspectral image are calculated and appended as attributes to each LiDAR point falling within the spatial extent of the pixel, and a supervised machine learning approach is used to classify the resulting fused point cloud; and 2) a raster-based approach in which LiDAR raster products (DEMs, DSMs, slope, height, aspect, etc) are created and appended to the hyperspectral image cube, and traditional spectral classification techniques are then used to classify the fused image cube. The methods are compared in terms of classification accuracy. LiDAR data and associated orthophotos of the NPS campus collected during 2012 - 2014 and hyperspectral Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data collected during 2011 are used for this work.
Doppler Satellite Surveying System

The Doppler Satellite System has become an indispensable tool for the surveyor. Because of its portability, all weather capabilities, reasonable cost, and accuracies at the sub-meter level, the Doppler satellite surveying technique is increasingly being used by surveyors around the world to meet control requirements for a variety of applications. The National Geodetic Survey which has utilized Doppler positioning since 1973 has found that with improved tracking instrumentation, field operating procedures, and refinements in the data reduction programs, positional rms errors are now less than 50 cm for 40-pass solutions and 10-cm to 25-cm for differential positions. While studies are continuing to determine the limiting accuracy of the present Doppler system, improved Doppler satellite surveying using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is being researched. Preliminary studies indicate this system may be more practical and cost effective in meeting the needs of the worldwide surveying community by giving better than 10-cm accuracy within a day's observations.
Response of intercalated cells to chloride depletion metabolic alkalosis.

We examined the effect of Cl- depletion metabolic alkalosis (CDA) on H(+)-ATPase and band 3 protein localization in intercalated cells (IC) of the rat cortical collecting duct (CCD) and the outer m...
Salvage immunotherapy using donor leukocyte infusions as treatment for relapsed chronic myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: efficacy and toxicity of a defined T-cell dose

Eight patients who had hematologic relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were treated with leukocyte infusions from the original bone marrow donors. All patients had previously received marrow grafts from HLA-identical siblings. Six patients were in the accelerated phase of their disease and two were in blast crisis. Each patient received a predetermined T-cell dose within a narrow range of 2.5 to 5.0 x 10(8) T cells/kg. Three patients also received short courses of therapy with alpha interferon to control elevated white blood cell counts within the first several weeks after leukocyte transfusions. Seven of eight evaluable patients developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at a median of 32 days after the initial infusion. One patient had fatal GVHD. A second patient had grade 3 acute GVHD, which has responded to immunosuppressive therapy. The remaining patients all had mild grade I GVHD. Six patients continue to require modest doses of prednisone more than 6 months after infusion. Four patients developed marrow aplasia, which in three patients required marrow boosts from the original donors. Two of these three patients have normal hematopoietic function, whereas the third patient remains growth factor and transfusion dependent. Both patients treated in blast crisis have died, one from GVHD and one from disease progression. All six patients in the accelerated phase are alive and in cytogenetic remission at a median of 42 weeks after infusion. Five of these six patients are in molecular remission. This study demonstrates that leukocyte infusions that administered a defined T-cell dose can exert a profound graft-versus-leukemia effect and are an effective form of salvage immunotherapy in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. This therapeutic approach appears to be a viable alternative to existing chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of relapsed CML.