cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systemic Change Plan: Character Strengths in the Middle Years Schooling

There is much outstanding work already happening in Middle Years’ Learning and Teaching programs where character strengths are being developed and utilized by teachers to achieve Middle Schooling tenets. This practice remains, however, inconsistent between faculties, and between teachers within departments. As such, delving into best practice already happening in the Middle Years program and devising strategies to grow these strengths will be an integral step in the systematic change we are striving to achieve over the next 2 years. The lever selected for this systematic change is the Middle Years curriculum. Specifically, the aim is to support teachers to develop pedagogical capacity by recognizing and utilizing character strengths. Our strengths-based approach to well-being aligns perfectly with the process of AI. ‘Part of the reason (that AI works) is that the process is profoundly strengths-based in its assumptions. It is founded on the premise that we excel only by amplifying strengths, never by simply fixing weaknesses…the best in human systems comes about most naturally, even easily, when people collectively experience the wholeness of their system, when strength ignites strength, across complete configurations of relevant and engaged stakeholders, internal and external, and top to bottom.’ (Cooperrider DL, McQuaid M. J Corp Citizensh, 46:71–102, 2012, p. 72) Middle Years teachers are the target of this Systematic Change Plan.
Nursing Considerations in General Evaluation, Risk Management, and Goals of Care

Nursing care of geriatric trauma patients calls for integration of knowledge and skills and an understanding of optimal interdisciplinary approaches to patient management. This chapter describes elements of care from a nursing perspective that are unique to injured older adults. The introduction focuses on person-centered care and care of patients with chronic conditions who are at risk for repeat falls. The section on general evaluation and risk assessment focuses of the prevalence physical frailty among this population and the need for early risk assessment and intervention. A final section on goals of care expands on the needs of older adults related to maximizing physical and cognitive function during hospitalization, maximizing independence at discharge, and transitions of care, including the importance of geriatric palliative care. Throughout the chapter, we emphasize the need to recognize the field of geriatric trauma as a distinct entity with unique needs.
Virtual Reality Simulation for the Spine

The need to train surgeons to perform procedures on a model before they first operate on patients is not new. The popularity of surgical laboratory training is high; many surgical educators perceive an increasing role for formal laboratory training and for new technologies to do so. The reasons include the effect of limited duty hours on the traditional apprenticeship model of surgical training and the increased attention to patient safety.
RalA signaling may reveal the true nature of 3T3-L1 adipocytes as a model for thermogenic adipocytes.

In PNAS, Skorobogatko et al. (1) report that RalA signaling regulates glucose homeostasis in mice by regulating GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue, but not in white adipose tissue. Interestingly, the foundational work leading to this paper was carried out in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Quite to their surprise, manipulation of RalA signaling in mice impacted glucose transport in brown adipose tissue exactly as predicted from the 3T3-L1 model. However, RalA signaling in white adipose tissue did not affect glucose uptake (Fig. 1). This was unexpected given the fact that 3T3-L1 cells are frequently used as a model to predict the function of white adipose tissue, not brown adipose tissue. Fig. 1. What type of adipocyte is modeled by the 3T3-L1 adipocyte? Based on lipid droplet morphology and Ral-dependent glucose uptake, the 3T3-L1 adipocyte models a thermogenic adipocyte. For decades, 3T3-L1 adipocytes have served as a workhorse for studying mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation, adipocyte gene expression, triglyceride synthesis, insulin and beta-adrenergic signal transduction, and insulin-dependent glucose uptake as a model for white adipose tissue. Howard Green established the 3T3-derived adipocyte lines (3T3-L1) in the mid-1970s using clonal selection of 3T3 mouse fibroblast lines derived from disaggregated Swiss mouse embryo (2). In that first report, Green and Meuth (2) speculated that the 3T3-L1 model most resembled a brown adipose cell, or possibly an immature white adipose cell. This was largely due to the fact that the differentiation cells displayed multilocular … [↵][1]1Email: ann-olson{at}ouhsc.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Regulated basal, inducible, and tissue-specific human erythropoietin gene expression in transgenic mice requires multiple cis DNA sequences

Erythropoietin (Epo) gene expression in kidney and liver is inducible by anemia. To localize the sequences necessary for regulated expression of the Epo gene, we constructed transgenic mice containing five human Epo gene constructs and examined Epo expression under basal conditions and with anemia. Mice containing the Epo gene with 0.3 kb of 5′ flanking sequence, 0.7 kb of 3′ flanking sequence, and either all introns or only intron I alone were polycythemic, had Epo expression in various tissues (including non-Epo-producing tissues), and induction only in liver. In contrast, mice containing the Epo gene with 8.5 kb of 3′ flanking sequence and either 9.5 or 22 kb of 5′ flanking sequence had basal expression at low levels in appropriate tissues and were less likely to be markedly polycythemic. Mice with the smaller of these two constructs had induction only in the liver, whereas those with the larger construct had induction in the kidney and liver. These studies indicate that sequences sufficient for induction in the liver are located in close proximity to the Epo gene, including the immediate 5′ and 3′ flanking sequence and the first intron. They also indicate that sequences required for induction in the kidney are located more than 9.5 kb 5′ to the gene. Furthermore, comparison of these and prior transgenic studies suggest that sequences that limit the basal expression of the Epo gene are located downstream of the gene. We conclude that multiple cis DNA sequences are required for regulated Epo gene expression.
Chromosomes During Sexual Reproduction

In this chapter special attention is paid to the importance of chromatin and chromosomes in reproduction. However, in order to understand what happens at the chromosomal level, the whole cell is considered carefully. In the last chapter we stated that the processes of genetic recombination in meiosis are: (1) crossing over of chromatid segments during prophase I and (2) random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosome segments during the first and second meiotic divisions. But meiosis is only one part of sexual reproduction. During the life cycles of haplontic, diplontic, and diplo-haplontic organisms, there is a regular alternation between meiosis and fertilization. The second part of genetic recombination is the union of paternal and maternal gametes during syngamy.
Negative and positive affect as predictors of inflammation: Timing matters

Abstract Very little research has assessed how measures of negative and positive affect (NA and PA) derived from assessments at multiple time points per day (e.g., via ecological momentary assessment [EMA]), as opposed to questionnaires that rely on recall over a longer period, are related to levels of peripheral inflammation. We examined how different indicators of NA and PA predicted concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and seven peripheral inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ) that were examined in the form of an inflammatory composite. A community-based sample of 220 adults (62% Black/African-American and 25% Hispanic/Latino; aged 25–65; 65% female) completed questionnaires at baseline (including recalled affect “over the past month”) and then provided EMA reports 5x/day for 14 days. Blood was drawn from each participant after completion of EMA and used to determine plasma levels of CRP and cytokines. Analyses examined if indicators of affect predicted inflammation, controlling for age, gender, body mass index, education, health conditions, and statin use. Neither recalled NA or PA nor momentary NA or PA (aggregated across the 14 days of EMA) were significantly associated with the cytokine composite or CRP. Negative mood more proximal to the blood draw (i.e., aggregated momentary NA in week 2 of EMA) was associated with the cytokine composite but not CRP. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed that the cytokine composite was also associated with PA in week 2 for men only, and with recalled NA for those with lower education. Exploratory analyses around temporal dynamics suggested that the timing of NA measurement relative to the blood draw mattered: Specifically, there were stronger trends of association between momentary NA and inflammatory cytokines when NA was assessed closer in time to blood collection. Future investigation of the relevance of temporal proximity and other measurement details may improve understanding of how affect relates to inflammation.
The hepatic innate immune response is lobe-specific in a murine model endotoxemia.

The liver plays a central role in the innate immune response to endotoxemia. While previous studies have demonstrated lobe-specific transcriptional responses to various insults, whether this is tru...
MEASUREMENTS OF OSCILLATORY DRAG ON SAND RIPPLES

Measurements have been made of drag on naturally rippled sand beds in an oscillatory-flow water tunnel. A partition splits the tunnel into two parallel channels with equal cross sections and volume rates of flow, one with a smooth flat rigid bottom and the other containing the sand bed. Roughly, the difference in the two bottom drags, the one known, is equal to the difference in the net pressure forces on the water in the two channels, which is obtained from measurements of pressure differences across the partition at each end of the sand bed. Each experiment provides the drag, or average bottom stress, on the rippled sand bed as a function of the phase, 6, of the sinusoidal flow. From a first set of thirteen experiments with a medium sand, a stress coefficient, f(0), is presented in three families of curves which explore the additional effects of flow velocity, ripple length, and deviations of the ripple profile from normal equilibrium. Average rates of energy dissipation are calculated. Results show f to be a complicated function of 0 and other parameters. In particular, the instantaneous stress is not simply related to the instantaneous velocity. Some salient features of f(0) are described, qualitatively, by a simple model.
A Study of Critical Thinking and Cross-Disciplinary Teamwork in Engineering Education

Preparing engineer students for a career in engineering reaches beyond typical coursework, memorizing equations and solving end of the chapter problems. Students must learn to work and solve problems in a cross-disciplinary environment. As engineering curriculum needs to be reassessed to focus more on skills, capabilities, and techniques as well as cultivating ethical values and attitudes, more research is needed to understand what contributes to critical thinking skills, and overall higher academic achievement. The study of critical thinking skill in engineering education and cross-disciplinary collaboration of engineers are to be further explored. An underlying theme is that critical thinking is not taught, rather it is developed through experiential learning and systematic approaches to problem solving. This chapter describes the critical thinking performance of engineering students in association with their thinking styles and in relation to cross-disciplinary team setting.
Description of closure operators in convex geometries of segments on the line

Convex geometry is a closure space $$(G,\phi )$$ with the anti-exchange property. A classical result of Edelman and Jamison (1985) claims that every finite convex geometry is a join of several linear sub-geometries, and the smallest number of such sub-geometries necessary for representation is called the convex dimension. In our work we find necessary and sufficient conditions on a closure operator $$\phi $$ of convex geometry $$(G,\phi )$$ so that its convex dimension equals 2, equivalently, they are represented by segments on a line. These conditions, for a given convex geometry $$(G,\phi )$$, can be checked in polynomial time in two parameters: the size of the base set |G| and the size of the implicational basis of $$(G,\phi )$$.
The importance of a broad bandwidth for understanding "glimpsed" speech

When a target talker speaks in the presence of competing talkers, the listener must not only segregate the voices but also understand the target message based on a limited set of spectrotemporal regions (“glimpses”) in which the target voice dominates the acoustic mixture. Here, the hypothesis that a broad audible bandwidth is more critical for these sparse representations of speech than it is for intact speech is tested. Listeners with normal hearing were presented with sentences that were either intact, or progressively “glimpsed” according to a competing two-talker masker presented at various levels. This was achieved by using an ideal binary mask to exclude time-frequency units in the target that would be dominated by the masker in the natural mixture. In each glimpsed condition, speech intelligibility was measured for a range of low-pass conditions (cutoff frequencies from 500 to 8000 Hz). Intelligibility was poorer for sparser speech, and the bandwidth required for optimal intelligibility increased with the sparseness of the speech. The combined effects of glimpsing and bandwidth reduction were well captured by a simple metric based on the proportion of audible target glimpses retained. The findings may be relevant for understanding the impact of high-frequency hearing loss on everyday speech communication.When a target talker speaks in the presence of competing talkers, the listener must not only segregate the voices but also understand the target message based on a limited set of spectrotemporal regions (“glimpses”) in which the target voice dominates the acoustic mixture. Here, the hypothesis that a broad audible bandwidth is more critical for these sparse representations of speech than it is for intact speech is tested. Listeners with normal hearing were presented with sentences that were either intact, or progressively “glimpsed” according to a competing two-talker masker presented at various levels. This was achieved by using an ideal binary mask to exclude time-frequency units in the target that would be dominated by the masker in the natural mixture. In each glimpsed condition, speech intelligibility was measured for a range of low-pass conditions (cutoff frequencies from 500 to 8000 Hz). Intelligibility was poorer for sparser speech, and the bandwidth required for optimal intelligibility increased ...
Type I interferon (IFN)-inducible Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins in neuroinflammation: implications for Alzheimer’s disease

Cumulative evidence indicates that activation of innate immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS) induces the expression of type 1 interferons (T1 IFNs), a family of cytokines. The T1 IFNs (IFN-α/β), through activation of the JAK/STAT-signaling in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons, induce the expression of IFN-inducible proteins, which mediate the pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of IFNs. Accordingly, T1 IFN-inducible Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins (murine Aim2 and human AIM2) negatively regulate the expression of TI IFNs and, upon sensing higher levels of cytosolic DNA, assemble the Aim2/AIM2 inflammasome, resulting in activation of caspase-1, pyroptosis, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and IL-18). Of interest, studies have indicated a role for the Aim2/AIM2 proteins in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ability of Aim2/AIM2 proteins to exert pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in CNS may depend upon age, sex hormones, cell-types, and the expression of species-specific negative regulators of the Aim2/AIM2 inflammasome. Therefore, we discuss the role of Aim2/AIM2 proteins in the development of AD. An improved understanding of the role of Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins in AD could identify new approaches to treat patients.
Preparing for Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy

This chapter covers all the preprocedural steps that need to be followed prior to performing an ultrasound-guided biopsy, from the signature on the consent form to the time-out procedure. Special emphasis is placed on the proper positioning of the patient and operator.
An Attention Model of Customer Expectation to Improve Review Helpfulness Prediction

Many people browse reviews online before making purchasing decisions. It is essential to identify the subset of helpful reviews from the large number of reviews of varying quality. This paper aims to build a model to predict review helpfulness automatically. Our work is inspired by the observation that a customer’s expectation of a review can be greatly affected by review sentiment and the degree to which the customer is aware of pertinent product information. Consequently, a customer may pay more attention to that specific content of a review which contributes more to its helpfulness from their perspective. To model such customer expectations and capture important information from a review text, we propose a novel neural network which leverages review sentiment and product information. Specifically, we encode the sentiment of a review through an attention module, to get sentiment-driven information from review text. We also introduce a product attention layer that fuses information from both the target product and related products, in order to capture the product related information from review text. Our experimental results show an AUC improvement of 5.4% and 1.5% over the previous state of the art model on Amazon and Yelp data sets, respectively.
Framework induced deformation modulates the photophysical properties of ZnTetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin incorporated within a new metal organic framework, RWLAA-1

Porphyrin based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have provided a broad platform through which a wide variety of light harvesting applications have been developed. Of particular interest within light harvesting MOFs containing porphyrin chromophores is the extent to which the both environment of the porphyrin and the porphyrin conformation modulate the photophysical properties. With this in mind, a new MOF (RWLAA-1) has been synthesized based on zinc cations linked by zinc(II) tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (ZnTPyP) and benzene tricarboxylate (H3BTC) linkers in which the porphyrin exhibits significant conformational distortions that have a profound effect on the photophysics of the material including bathochromic shifts in both the optical (Soret and visible bands) and emission bands, reduction in the energy separation between the Q(0,0) and Q(0,1) emission bands and shorter singlet and triplet state lifetimes. These effects are consistent with the porphyrin deformation resulting in changes in the porphyrin electronic structure and excited state conformational dynamics that alter the vibronic coupling between the excited states (S1 and T1) and the S0 ground state.
Parental Control as a Stimulus for Youth Control: Mediating the Parental Knowledge–Child Delinquency Relationship With Cognitive Impulsivity:

Parental knowledge was investigated as a foil to reactive criminal thinking, as represented in the current study by cognitive impulsivity. Cognitive impulsivity and neutralization were tested as me...
I’m Not Crying, You’re Crying: An Evaluation of the Impact of Emotional Text on Negation Comprehension

Previous research has demonstrated that negated text (i.e., text that contains words such as no, not, or never) presents considerable challenges to accurate reading comprehension. Furthermore, whil...
Advances in Immuno-oncology for the Treatment of Colorectal and Anal Cancers

Immune checkpoint inhibitors changed treatment paradigms across several malignancies. With the exception of tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI-H), gastrointestinal cancers have been largely resistant to these agents. Herein, we review the data supporting the use of immunotherapy for patients with (MSI-H) colorectal tumors. We discuss ongoing research and answered questions regarding resistance and sequence of use of these agents for this disease. We discuss ongoing research efforts to augment activity of these agents in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. We also provide an overview of the data and ongoing studies immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of anal cancer.
The impact of Sovereign Wealth Funds on their investees: Methodology limitations

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to address inconsistencies identified in the literature published on the subject of the impact of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) on the market value and performance of the companies in which they invest. We provide a systematic analysis of the methodologies used in the literature with a strong emphasis on the structure and compilation of the SWF dataset and the evaluation of the data. We compare the strengths and weaknesses of the methodologies used in the seminal works published on this topic between 2007 and 2020. The results of our analysis highlight the significant risks and limitations of applying the methodological approach used in studies of large institutional investors to analysis of the impact of SWF investment on their investees.
Assessing Perceived Social Support

In this chapter, we discuss assessment of perceived social support with respect to three inseparable issues: defining perceived support, selecting particular approaches to assess it, and systematically organizing hypotheses regarding its origins, nature, and effects. Based on a brief history of social support research, we explain our focus on perceived social support. We observe that our understanding of perceived support is still hampered by vague definitions and urge that, because of its importance for theory and intervention, perceived support research must develop beyond tests of its direct, moderating, and mediating effects in different populations. Toward that end, we make three recommendations. First, the perceived support construct should be clarified through hypothesis testing in the context of contemporary psychological paradigms. Cognitive and attachment-theory approaches appear particularly promising in this regard. Second, investigators who construct and use perceived support assessments should be aware of the implicit assumptions and consequences associated with different assessment approaches. Finally, we suggest a conceptual framework to articulate hypotheses regarding perceived support’s origins, nature, and effects. The framework consists of culture, development, personality, social settings, and activities.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli B by Homoarginine

Homoarginine inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli B, but not of E. coli K-12. These two strains also differ in regard to repressibility of the arginine-forming enzymes. In K-12, arginine acts as a repressor whereas in B it does not. The latter difference is determined by different alleles of a regulator gene, arg R. In K-12 × B crosses, it was shown that the genetic determinant for homoarginine sensitivity is closely linked to or identical with arg R. Homoarginine-resistant mutants of B were isolated. The biochemical mechanism of homoarginine inhibition is not known. However, whether or not a strain is sensitive to homoarginine seems to depend on the intracellular level of arginine. In B this level is relatively low and inflexible as a result of the action of a repressor whose formation is determined by the B-specific allele of arg R.
Testing CPT invariance with the neutral-D system.

We investigate the issue of testing {ital CPT} invariance in the neutral-{ital D} system, using {ital D} events obtained either from fixed-target experiments or from a {tau}-charm factory. For both types of experiments we show that the expected suppression of mixing in the {ital D} system, normally viewed as a disadvantage for {ital CP} tests, allows unsuppressed measurement of certain parameters describing {ital CPT} violation. Asymmetries are presented that permit the extraction of parameters for direct {ital CPT} violation in the {ital D} system and for indirect {ital CPT} violation in the {ital K} system. We also show that experiments on the neutral-{ital D} system provide an alternative means for measuring conventional indirect {ital T} violation in the kaon system.
Internet path characterization tools

Recently, new tools for Internet path characterization have been released. The tools allow finding the bandwidth, packet loss rate, average queuing delay, and latency of every hop along the path from a sender to a destination host. This has created many teaching and research opportunities in the area of computer networking. Based on these tools, many interesting assignments and projects for computer networking courses can be developed. Some of the tool developers have made their source code publicly available. As such, researchers can extend or tailor such tools to fit their needs. In this work, we provide an overview of the underlying algorithm of these tools, a usage of the tools in finding bandwidths of Internet hops and an outline for some other uses of the tools for teaching purposes.
The Effect of Secrecy and Social Support on Behavioral Problems in Children of Incarcerated Women

We investigated the effects of secrecy regarding their mothers' incarceration and social support on behavioral problems in a group of 116 children (aged 6–13 years, M = 9.00). Children with low levels of social support had more externalizing and internalizing problems, and children who had experienced more life stressors reported more internalizing problems. Significant interactions indicated that both externalizing and internalizing problem scores were higher for children whose social support was poor and secrecy scores were low. Our findings suggest that for children already suffering from little or no support from key people, having little or no constraints regarding talking about mothers' incarceration places children at risk for developing behavioral problems. We discuss explanations for the findings and implications for caregivers.
Efficient rule discovery in a geo-spatial decision support system

This paper describes the application of data mining techniques in a Geo-spatial Decision Support System, which focuses on drought risk management. Association rule discovery is one of the widely used approaches in data mining. This paper highlights the rule discovery algorithms that we have developed and used for discovering useful patterns in ocean parameters and climatic indices to monitor drought.
A new operation for cystocele

Abstract This operation is devised for the specific type of cystocele described, where methods of repair thus far have been unsatisfactory. This correction lies in splinting the entire urethra, excepting the anterior 1 cm., by means of a running catgut stitch, which continues past and through the lower segment of the internal orifice to a point posterior to the midtrigonal region. This suture, besides uniting and splinting the urethra to the trigone, pulls down the anterior urethra and meatus and fixes the internal orifice to the line of suture. In addition to the splinting suture described, are those sutures placed parallel to the long axis of the urethra which, besides supplementing the effects of the running urethral trigonal lock-stitch, also bunch tissues at the internal orifice. This latter bunching effect in turn is supplemented by a mattress suture overlapping the fascia. This functional bladder repair may be incorporated, in suitable cases, in any standard operation for repair of cystocele.
Statistical Learning and Language: An Individual Differences Study

Although statistical learning and language have been assumed to be intertwined, this theoretical presupposition has rarely been tested empirically. The present study investigates the relationship between statistical learning and language using a within-subject design embedded in an individual-differences framework. Participants were administered separate statistical learning tasks involving adjacent and nonadjacent dependencies, along with a language comprehension task and a battery of other measures assessing verbal working memory, short-term memory, vocabulary, reading experience, cognitive motivation, and fluid intelligence. Strong interrelationships were found among statistical learning, verbal working memory, and language comprehension. However, when the effects of all other factors were controlled for, performance on the two statistical learning tasks was the only predictor for comprehending relevant types of natural language sentences.
Response of MDOF Systems to Nonstationary Random Excitation

Responses of linear, dynamic systems to nonstationary random excitation are calculated using a state formulation. Analytical expressions for evolutionary covariance matrices are derived for the case of evolutionary white noise excitation. As an example, responses of a 4-DOF system to ground acceleration are calculated. Modal decomposition is utilized and the relative importance of the cross covariance among the modes is quantified. Approximate first passage probabilities for high thresholds are calculated by using the evolutionary variances of a response and its time derivative and by making the Poisson assumption. An augmented dynamic system is proposed for the case of nonwhite excitation. The transition matrix for the augmented system is given.
Impact of childhood trauma on the outcomes of a perinatal depression trial

BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse and neglect have been linked with increased risks of adverse mental health outcomes in adulthood and may moderate or predict response to depression treatment. In a small randomized controlled trial treating depression in a diverse sample of nontreatment-seeking, pregnant, low-income women, we hypothesized that childhood trauma exposure would moderate changes in symptoms and functioning over time for women assigned to usual care (UC), but not to brief interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-B) followed by maintenance IPT. Second, we predicted that trauma exposure would be negatively associated with treatment response over time and at the two follow-up time points for women within UC, but not for those within IPT-B who were expected to show remission in depression severity and other outcomes, regardless of trauma exposure. METHODS: Fifty-three pregnant low-income women were randomly assigned to IPT-B (n = 25) or UC (n = 28). Inclusion criteria included ≥18 years, >12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 10-32 weeks gestation, English speaking, and access to a phone. Participants were evaluated for childhood trauma, depressive symptoms/diagnoses, anxiety symptoms, social functioning, and interpersonal problems. RESULTS: Regression and mixed effects repeated measures analyses revealed that trauma exposure did not moderate changes in symptoms and functioning over time for women in UC versus IPT-B. Analyses of covariance showed that within the IPT-B group, women with more versus less trauma exposure had greater depression severity and poorer outcomes at 3-month postbaseline. At 6-month postpartum, they had outcomes indicating remission in depression and functioning, but also had more residual depressive symptoms than those with less trauma exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma did not predict poorer outcomes in the IPT-B group at 6-month postpartum, as it did at 3-month postbaseline, suggesting that IPT including maintenance sessions is a reasonable approach to treating depression in this population. Since women with more trauma exposure had more residual depressive symptoms at 6-month postpartum, they might require longer maintenance treatment to prevent depressive relapse. Language: en
Is waveform analysis a viable consideration for implantable devices given its computational demand

Morphometric analysis of intracardiac waveforms provides a potentially valuable feature for identification of abnormal cardiac activation. Its use as a companion to rate analysis for rhythm classification has been suggested for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Preliminary studies have shown improved specificity of diagnosis which could be expected to reduce false shocks. Power consumption is directly related to computational burden, thus abbreviated algorithms are required if this technology is to be considered viable for battery-operated devices. In this study, three fast algorithms were tested on 16 patient recordings containing sinus rhythm, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation in the same patient, and compared to correlation waveform analysis (CWA) of the same rhythm passages. Results showed that fast algorithms, with reduced computational load were equally robust and yielded equivalent results to CWA. Promise for such algorithms in future ICDs remains a viable possibility. >
Older adults with developmental disabilities: a brief examination of current knowledge.

In January of 1995, a White House Conference on Aging and Developmental Disabilities was heldin New York. The fact that this is the first White House Conference to address this topic, pointsto the increased attention being paid to this population. In the past two decades, the amount of information accumulated regarding this topic grew significantly as a result of the heightened visibility of this group in the United States. Among the factors contributing to this greater visibility are: (a) the advances in medical technology leading to extended life expectancy, (b) the deinstitutionalization movement opening doors for community participation, and (c) the shift from a focus primarily on children with developmental disabilities to encompass the entire lifespan.
Mass spectrometer beam system for applications in the stratosphere

Mass spectrometer investigations in the stratosphere require a special gas inlet system in order to reduce the high ambient pressures to ion source operating pressures. This paper describes a system where pressure reduction is achieved by differential pumping using high‐speed liquid helium pumps and small orifices. Ambient gas particles are formed into a molecular beam, with a flag mechanism allowing the separation of beam and background particles. Laboratory tests have shown that the system has the capability of identifying gases with abundances below 10−8. Many problems encountered in the gas analysis of trace constituents are reduced, such as adsorption and desorption processes of walls and memory effects of pumps.
Positron Emission Tomography with Deoxyglucose-F18 Imaging of Sleep

Positron emission tomography with deoxyglucose-F18 was obtained during nighttime sleep in 36 normal volunteers, 12 studied in rapid eye movement sleep (REM period 2), 12 in nonREM sleep, and 12 while awake with eyes closed. Metabolic rate was higher throughout the cortex in REM than nonREM sleep, with differences most marked in the cingulate and frontal cortex, thalamus, and visual association areas. Whole-brain metabolic rates in the waking condition were intermediate between those in REM and nonREM sleep. Metabolism in the primary visual cortex and parts of the lateral temporal lobe was relatively constant in the REM/nonREM conditions. REM sleep did not differ from either the nonREM or waking conditions in hemispheric lateralization of metabolic activity. Compared with REM sleep, nonREM sleep was associated with significantly lower metabolic rates in the temporal and occipital regions, as well as the thalamus.
Concentrations and controls of soil carbon dioxide in sandy soil in the North Carolina coastal plain

Abstract Forty-four measurements of soil CO 2 were conducted from October 1988 to October 1989 at 1–2 week intervals in the Leon Sand of the North Carolina Coastal Plain at Wilmington. Concentrations were highest in the summer (mean soil CO 2 = 0.74% on 31 Aug) and lowest in the winter (mean soil CO 2 = 0.20% on 26 Jan). CO 2 concentrations increased with depth in the root zone from d = 30 cm to d = 90 cm, but consistently low values were encountered at d = 120 cm beneath a hardpan layer. Statistical correlations were highest between mean soil log pCO 2 and soil temperature (r = 0.77). Daily minimum air temperature was also a limiting factor (r = 0.67). Correlations were weaker for log pCO 2 and potential evapotranspiration (r = 0.63) as well as actual evapotranspiration (r = 0.52). Soil moisture content, deficit, and surplus were not correlated with soil log pCO 2 . Precipitation was negatively correlated with mean log pCO 2 (r = −0.83 winter, r = −0.54 summer), indicating that rainfall had a “flushing” effect on soil CO 2 which was more pronounced during the cold season. However, increases in soil CO 2 content during times of high soil moisture were also observed at times. Hourly measurements were conducted for a 24 hour period on 7 to 8 July, 1989 at a Leon sand site with no hardpan. Concentrations measured at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 cm increased with depth. Highest mean soil CO 2 level (0.52%) was measured at 0600 EST, lowest at 1900 EST (0.41%). Correlations with soil temperature were negative, especially at shallow depths (r = −0.64 at d = 15 cm), suggesting that drying of the soil was a limiting factor. Wind speed was not correlated with soil CO 2 . In sandy substrates, soil CO 2 levels are largely controlled by temperature fluctuations and changes in soil moisture content. However, local factors such as proximity of individual roots, and vertical differences in diffusivity, also play an important role. In the present study, the greatest weathering potential was found in the months of July and September, when high soil CO 2 concentrations co-incided with high totals of soil surplus water.
MEASURING CLINICAL ATTACHMENT : REPRODUCIBILITY OF RELATIVE MEASUREMENTS WITH AN ELECTRONIC PROBE

During the past few years, improvements in detecting longitudinal changes in clinical attachment or alveolar bone density have been introduced. For example, constant-force electronic probes and computer-assisted subtraction analysis of longitudinal radiographs have been reported to be more sensitive and reproducible in detecting changes in clinical attachment or alveolar bone density, respectively. Use of these new technologies requires that sources of measurement error be identified and their contribution quantified. This study investigated the reproducibility of a constant-force electronic probe in a careful clinical setting. Measurements were performed from individually fabricated acrylic Stents. Three groups of subjects were selected for the study: 10 adults without oral disease, 10 adults with gingivitis, and 10 adults with moderate periodontitis. Four probing designs were employed to investigate the reproducibility of the probe. In design A, the probe tip was left in the sulcus between successive pr...
A review of pollination studies in the Palmae

A review is given of the literature concerning palm pollination. Results of this review indicate great diversity in pollination, but three basic syndromes are common in the family, cantharophily, mellitophily, and myophily. Anemophily appears uncommon and derived. Evidence of a close association between certain beetles and palms may be indicative of ancestral cantharophily.
A corrective smoothed particle method for transient elastoplastic dynamics

An incremental approach is presented to model transient, elastoplastic dynamic problems using the corrective smoothed particle method. It uses the corrective first- and second-derivative approximations to solve the nonlinear momentum equations, which is described in terms of displacement increments entirely. This algorithm not only satisfies the nodal completeness condition but also exhibits no integrablity problem. Several 2D examples, including forced vibration, stress wave propagation, and rigid wall impact, are investigated to demonstrate the numerical stability and accuracy of the proposed method.
Functional sentence perspective in Inga

results. 'Word-order phenomena constitute a system.' This was the view expressed by Vilem Mathesius (I882-1945), founder of the Linguistic Circle of Prague (as quoted by his disciple Jan Firbas (I964: iii)), who, in an effort to establish such a system, analysed the sentence into its 'functional' elements. From his work emerged the theory of 'Functional Sentence Perspective' (usually abbreviated to FSP), and it is on the principles developed by Firbas, as he applied the study of FSP to English (cf. Firbas, I971, for a detailed summary of his views and a fairly comprehensive bibliography) that this study is based. It is the thesis of this paper that the order of elements and the position of certain enclitics in the Inga sentence are basically accounted for by the principles of FSP. However, partial redefinitions of the principal units, falling within the spirit, if not the letter, of Firbas' definitions, are necessary to account for phenomena found when known elements are refocussed upon (?543). This paper also proposes the establishment of 'indexed' elements in Inga, which indicate significant connections between sentences, as an additional factor needed to account completely for the arrangement of elements in the sentence (?4).
Analysis of Heat Transfer and Solar Radiation Absorption in an Irradiated Thin, Falling Molten Salt Film

A study was conducted to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of an irradiated, gravity-driven semitransparent fluid flowing over an opaque substrate. The physical model simulated is prototypical of cavity-type solar central receivers. Both absorption and emission in the fluid were considered, while scattering was neglected. The effects of model parameters such as substrate emissivity, fluid layer opacity, spectral nature of incident radiative flux, flow model, and fluid layer physical thickness were investigated. Results are presented for fluid mixed mean temperature and collector efficiency along the layer length in order to evaluate the performance of such systems.
Synthetic biology at all scales

Most of life on Earth exists at the micro scale. In many respects, these microscopic bacteria are an ideal design platform for synthetic biology – hardy, inexpensive, quick to reproduce, and existing in a vast array of species with unique properties. An expanding future landscape of integrated synthetic biology will utilize the native networks of diverse microbial species in concert with our own engineered gene circuits to execute novel biotechnology [1,2]. To utilize the rich diversity of the microbial world, we must bridge the gap between the microscopic and the macroscopic, designing biological function at all scales.
Squall: Fine-Grained Live Reconfiguration for Partitioned Main Memory Databases

For data-intensive applications with many concurrent users, modern distributed main memory database management systems (DBMS) provide the necessary scale-out support beyond what is possible with single-node systems. These DBMSs are optimized for the short-lived transactions that are common in on-line transaction processing (OLTP) workloads. One way that they achieve this is to partition the database into disjoint subsets and use a single-threaded transaction manager per partition that executes transactions one-at-a-time in serial order. This minimizes the overhead of concurrency control mechanisms, but requires careful partitioning to limit distributed transactions that span multiple partitions. Previous methods used off-line analysis to determine how to partition data, but the dynamic nature of these applications means that they are prone to hotspots. In these situations, the DBMS needs to reconfigure how data is partitioned in real-time to maintain performance objectives. Bringing the system off-line to reorganize the database is unacceptable for on-line applications. To overcome this problem, we introduce the Squall technique for supporting live reconfiguration in partitioned, main memory DBMSs. Squall supports fine-grained repartitioning of databases in the presence of distributed transactions, high throughput client workloads, and replicated data. An evaluation of our approach on a distributed DBMS shows that Squall can reconfigure a database with no downtime and minimal overhead on transaction latency.
Aspects of Blast Resistant Masonry Design

Blast resistant design should be examined for building code incorporation, due to the potential of explosions occurring in an industrial society. Specifically, public and commercial structures of concrete masonry construction need additional building code criteria, since these buildings have high density populations to protect. Presently, blast resistant design is accomplished by using government published manuals, but these do not address industry standard construction. A design air blast load of 4.54 kg (10 lbs) of TNT, located 0.91 m (3 ft) above ground surface and 30.48 m (100 ft) from a structure should be considered standard criteria. This loading would be sufficient to protect against blast, resist progressive failure, and yet not be an economic impediment. Design details and adequate inspection must be observed to ensure blast resistant integrity. 10 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Above packet level admission control and bandwidth allocation for IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN

Abstract IEEE 802.16 wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is expected to revolutionize the broadband wireless access technology. Efficient resource management is essential in providing scalability in such large IEEE 802.16-based wireless network and Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia applications (VoIP, MPEG, FTP, WWW) is usually achieved by appropriate classification of scheduling services and grant/request mechanism. In this paper, we firstly discuss the QoS issue in IEEE 802.16 wireless MANs and propose a dynamic admission control scheme for scheduling services defined in the 802.16 specification. The proposed scheme provides the highest priority for Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) connections and maximizes the bandwidth utilization by employing bandwidth borrowing and degradation. We develop an approximate analytical model to evaluate the system performance by assuming that the traffic processes of all scheduling services are Poisson processes. In fact, the self-similarity of non-voice traffic makes its traffic process far from Poisson process and should be modeled by Poisson Pareto Burst Process (PPBP). Therefore, in the later part of the paper, we analyze upper bound blocking probabilities of all scheduling services above the packet level using PPBP model for fractal traffic and Gaussian model for aggregated traffic in large wireless network as well as using the Chernoff bound method. Based on the analytical results, we give another admission control and bandwidth allocation mechanism above the packet level so as to minimize the blocking probability of each type of service in IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN. Analytical and simulation results are obtained and compared to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed schemes and validate our analytical models.