cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on nanodispersion of PI/clay nanocomposite by temporal analyses

The detail of nanoscaled dispersive behavior for layered clay in polyimide was first illustrated using temporal analyses. The layered structure of pristine clay remained in the poly(amic acid) and polyimide matrixes almost throughout curing process. However, the clay was mutilated by polymer chain motion during the process (cluster size reduced from ∼700 to ∼298 nm). On the other hand, organo-clay modified with octadecyldimethyl (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) ammonium chloride initially exfoliated in the poly(amic acid) solution (d-spacing >42 nm). At room temperature ∼200 °C, the layered structure of the clay recovered due to loss of solvent and poly(amic acid) chains intercalating into the organo-clay interlayer (d ∼ 3.49 nm). After polyimide fully formed at 350 °C, organo-clay d-spacing decreased to ∼2.27 nm. The reduction of d-spacing was ascribed to some of the polyimide molecular chains being squeezed out of the organo-clay interlayer since hydrogen bonds between the organo-clay and poly(amic acid) molecules diminished. The change in organo-clay cluster size behaved like pristine clay, finally decreasing to ∼367 nm after polyimide formed completely. The relatively large size of the organo-clay clusters in polyimide was ascribed to the confinement effect of polymer chain motion by organo-clay since the chains were frozen in the organo-clay interlayer.
Characterization of a Chloroplast Inner Envelope K+ Channel

A K+-conducting protein of the chloroplast inner envelope was characterized as a K+ channel. Studies of this transport protein in the native membrane documented its sensitivity to K+ channel blockers. Further studies of native membranes demonstrated a sensitivity of K+ conductance to divalent cations such as Mg2+, which modulate ion conduction through interaction with negative surface charges on the inner-envelope membrane. Purified chloroplast inner-envelope vesicles were fused into an artificial planar lipid bilayer to facilitate recording of single-channel K+ currents. These single-channel K+ currents had a slope conductance of 160 picosiemens. Antibodies generated against the conserved amino acid sequence that serves as a selectivity filter in the pore of K+ channels immunoreacted with a 62-kD polypeptide derived from the chloroplast inner envelope. This polypeptide was fractionated using density gradient centrifugation. Comigration of this immunoreactive polypeptide and K+ channel activity in sucrose density gradients further suggested that this polypeptide is the protein facilitating K+ conductance across the chloroplast inner envelope.
Global secondary organic aerosol from isoprene oxidation

[1] Inclusion of isoprene as a source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in a global model increases the global burden of SOA from all sources by more than a factor of two. The isoprene source substantially increases SOA concentrations in the free troposphere, because isoprene, and, more importantly, isoprene's oxidation products, have much greater concentrations at higher altitudes than other biogenic SOA precursors, highlighting the importance of semi-volatile organics for SOA formation. These results are robust with respect to increases in partitioning of non-isoprene oxidation products at higher altitudes and increased wet removal of isoprene oxidation products. This additional source of SOA enhances production of SOA from other parent hydrocarbons by 17%, and leads to an overall distribution of SOA that differs enough from previous predictions to warrant reevaluation of the radiative effects of organic carbon aerosol.
Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) provides a new and exciting method for assessment and management of certain fetal disorders. This procedure offers direct access to the fetal circulation for obtaining blood samples or for transfusing the fetus in utero. Although investigational, PUBS offers treatment approaches that were not previously available. This ability to treat the fetus in utero can prolong pregnancy, resulting in decreased prematurity and mortality rates for infants with erythroblastosis fetalis. This article describes the PUBS procedure and the indications for PUBS and discusses the nursing implications associated with the care of women undergoing PUBS.
Telecommunication access network design with reliability constraints

In this paper, we study the problem of the design of telecommunication access networks with reliability constraints. These networks form an important part of the telecommunications infrastructure of large organizations, such as banks. Using data patterned after an actual bank network in the U.S., we formulate an optimization model for this problem which specifically takes into account the various cost, and discount structures offered by telecommunication carriers. We then develop dedicated solution procedures for obtaining solutions. Starting from a cluster solution, we then use perturbation techniques which we developed specifically for this problem within an overall simulated annealing solution algorithm. We show how to make the solution procedure more efficient by implicitly determining the values for many variables. We then report the results of our computational testing for a variety of problems. We compare our solution to a lower bound obtained using a linear programming relaxation. We show that substantial cost savings can be realized with our model, and solution procedure. Finally, we discuss which types of annealing steps in the simulated annealing algorithm are important.
Play therapy for bereaved children: Adapting strategies to community, school, and home settings:

Play therapy is a highly adaptable treatment method that can be modified according to children’s ages, circumstances, and settings in which counseling occurs. Play therapy may be used in schools, community settings, and homes to help children following the death of a significant other. After reviewing basic developmental factors that affect children’s ability to comprehend the meaning of death, the article discusses the special circumstances of grief in different situations, including community-based counseling after Hurricane Katrina, school-based group play therapy following a teacher’s death, and conjoint parent-child play therapy after a father’s death in a terrorist attack. Increasing the acceptability and effectiveness of play therapy, professionals must consider and incorporate family and community traditions and beliefs. Additionally, professionals are encouraged to support teachers and parents in utilizing play-based activities to facilitate children’s expressions of grief.
Can the “challenge hypothesis” be applied to insects?

The challenge hypothesis, conceived for testosterone and vertebrates, has recently been applied to juvenile hormone (JH) and insects. Scott [Scott, M.P., 2006a. Resource defense and juvenile hormone: the “challenge hypothesis” extended to insects. Horm. Behav. 49, 276–281] found that JH in the burying beetle Nicrophorus orbicollis increased in response to a social challenge in the presence of a breeding resource, while there was no such JH response in the purported brood parasite Nicrophorus pustulatus. Two important implications of the challenge hypothesis that need to be tested are whether JH affects dominance and why there are interspecific differences in the JH response to a social challenge. The effect of JH on dominance in burying beetles was examined by topical application of JH III to one of two competing females at 24 h and again at 1 h prior to presentation of a breeding resource (mouse carcass). JH supplementation had no effect on dominance in intraspecific interactions in N. orbicollis, as measured by possession of the carcass on Day 1, 3 or 7. Similarly, JH did not alter carcass ownership during competition between N. orbicollis and N. pustulatus nor did it affect reproductive success. Irrespective of JH supplementation, N. pustulatus became increasingly dominant as the trials progressed, rarely occupying the carcass on Day 1, but excluding N. orbicollis in nearly half the trials by Day 7. These findings, and a brief review of the burying beetle literature, suggest that the challenge hypothesis, as applied to testosterone and vertebrates, does not yet have an analogous model for JH and insects.
Endothelial dysfunction as a nexus for endothelial cell-cardiomyocyte miscommunication

Most studies of the heart focus on cardiomyocytes (CM) at the exclusion of other cell types such as myocardial endothelial cells (EC). Such mono-cellular approaches propagate the presumption that EC provide a mere “passive lining” or supportive role. In fact, EC contribute to a dynamic network regulating vascular tone, cardiac development, and repair. Two distinct EC types, vascular EC and epicardial EC, possess important structural and signaling properties within both the healthy and diseased myocardium. In this review, we address EC-CM interactions in mature, healthy myocardium, followed by a discussion of diseases characterized by EC dysfunction. Finally, we consider strategies to reverse EC-CM “miscommunication” to improve patients’ outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases.
Hands-On Learning in Tillery

The Tillery Experience provides a unique, cross-cultural opportunity for students to learn and practice occupational therapy skills in a rural, primarily African American community in northeastern ...
Acuity of the approximate number system and preschoolers’ quantitative development.

The study assessed the relations among acuity of the inherent approximate number system (ANS), performance on measures of symbolic quantitative knowledge, and mathematics achievement for a sample of 138 (64 boys) preschoolers. The Weber fraction (a measure of ANS acuity) and associated task accuracy were significantly correlated with mathematics achievement following one year of preschool, and predicted performance on measures of children's explicit knowledge of Arabic numerals, number words, and cardinal value, controlling for age, sex, parental education, intelligence, executive control, and preliteracy knowledge. The relation between ANS acuity, as measured by the Weber fraction and task accuracy, and mathematics achievement was fully mediated by children's performance on the symbolic quantitative tasks, with knowledge of cardinal value emerging as a particularly important mediator. The overall pattern suggests that ANS acuity facilitates the early learning of symbolic quantitative knowledge and indirectly influences mathematics achievement through this knowledge.
Exercise capacity as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes among nondiabetic and diabetic patients.

INTRODUCTION To investigate if decreased exercise capacity is an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in diabetics and nondiabetics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The association of decreased exercise capacity (EC) during a treadmill exercise sestamibi stress test with MACE was investigated in 490 nondiabetics and 404 diabetics. Mean follow-up was 53 months. RESULTS Nondiabetics with a predicted EC < 85% had a higher prevalence of myocardial ischemia (34% vs. 19%, p = 0.0002), 2- or 3-vessel obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (31% vs. 13%, p = 0.016), myocardial infarction (MI) (17% vs. 7%, p = 0.0005), stroke (8% vs. 2%, p = 0.002), death (11% vs. 3%, p = 0.0002), and MI or stroke or death at follow-up (32% vs. 11%, p < 0.001) compared to nondiabetics with a predicted EC ≥ 85%. Diabetics with a predicted EC < 85% had a higher prevalence of myocardial ischemia (48% vs. 32%, p = 0.0009), 2- or 3-vessel obstructive CAD (54% vs. 28%, p = 0.001), MI (32% vs. 14%, p < 0.001), stroke (22% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), death (17% vs. 9%, p = 0.031), and MI or stroke or death at follow-up (65% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed decreased EC was an independent and significant risk factor for MACE among nondiabetics (hazard ratio 3.3, p < 0.0001) and diabetics (hazard ratio 2.7, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Diabetics and nondiabetics with decreased EC were at increased risk for MACE with nondiabetics and decreased EC at similar risk as diabetics with normal EC.
GABAB receptor association with the PDZ scaffold Mupp1 alters receptor stability and function.

γ-Aminobutyric acid, type B (GABAB) receptors are heterodimeric G protein-coupled receptors that mediate slow inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. To identify novel interacting partners that might regulate GABAB receptor (GABABR) functionality, we screened the GABABR2 carboxyl terminus against a recently created proteomic array of 96 distinct PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 homology) domains. The screen identified three specific PDZ domains that exhibit interactions with GABABR2: Mupp1 PDZ13, PAPIN PDZ1, and Erbin PDZ. Biochemical analysis confirmed that full-length Mupp1 and PAPIN interact with GABABR2 in cells. Disruption of the GABABR2 interaction with PDZ scaffolds by a point mutation to the carboxyl terminus of the receptor dramatically decreased receptor stability and attenuated the duration of GABAB receptor signaling. The effects of mutating the GABABR2 carboxyl terminus on receptor stability and signaling were mimicked by small interference RNA knockdown of endogenous Mupp1. These findings reveal that GABAB receptor stability and signaling can be modulated via GABABR2 interactions with the PDZ scaffold protein Mupp1, which may contribute to cell-specific regulation of GABAB receptors in the central nervous system.
Myocardial steatosis as a possible mechanistic link between diastolic dysfunction and coronary microvascular dysfunction in women

Women with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) have increased rates of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The mechanisms of HFpEF are not well understood. Ectopic fat deposition in the myocardium, termed myocardial steatosis, is frequently associated with diastolic dysfunction in other metabolic diseases. We investigated the prevalence of myocardial steatosis and diastolic dysfunction in women with CMD and subclinical HFpEF. In 13 women, including eight reference controls and five women with CMD and evidence of subclinical HFpEF (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure >12 mmHg), we measured myocardial triglyceride content (TG) and diastolic function, by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance tissue tagging, respectively. When compared with reference controls, women with CMD had higher myocardial TG content (0.83 ± 0.12% vs. 0.43 ± 0.06%; P = 0.025) and lower diastolic circumferential strain rate (168 ± 12 vs. 217 ± 15%/s; P = 0.012), with myocardial TG content correlating inversely with diastolic circumferential strain rate (r = -0.779; P = 0.002). This study provides proof-of-concept that myocardial steatosis may play an important mechanistic role in the development of diastolic dysfunction in women with CMD and no obstructive CAD. Detailed longitudinal studies are warranted to explore specific treatment strategies targeting myocardial steatosis and its effect on diastolic function.
Adopting American Models for Teaching Legal Interviewing and Counseling to Other Cultures

Over the past three decades when American law schools have embraced skills training in both clinical and simulation courses, American law professors have developed models for teaching interviewing and counseling skills to law students. These models give students a basic approach when first learning these important lawyering skills. These models reflect certain principles about the lawyer client relationship, the rules of ethics, and American cultural values. This article describes these models and the assumptions on which underlie them so that other legal education institutions might use these models to teach these skills in way that is suited to legal practice in their countries.
Turn Them Loose as Web Detectives on Cold Cases: A Digital Age Remedy for Casebook Boredom and Relevancy

What is it about casebooks that is so challenging for novices and so shunned by upper level students? Do casebooks present such barriers to learning that their knowledge-gaining features remain unexploited by many students? These questions were the proximate cause for Brown’s creation of a learning template that demonstrates how case study does not have to be boringly irrelevant to future professionals. Learning from casebooks, a challengingly foreign experience compared to college, appears to be irrelevant to what lawyers do in practice. Then there is the educationally numbing effect continuous case studies have on law students’ enthusiasm. Brown applies his research and experience by demonstrating a methodological strategy for stimulating students to web investigate their decontextualized “cold” appellate cases to resurrect its human aspects. Initially, this methodology can be employed by 1Ls to bridge the difficulties of learning from cases. It guides novices by suggesting appropriate questions to facilitate better Socratic dialogues. In progressive stages, students are assigned to explore internet “surfing” to re-assemble the case’s context with location maps, party history, judicial profiles, etc. It asks students to use their experiences/imaginations to create a virtual story about how the human or business conflict developed prior to trial. It then uses that virtual recreation to explore lawyering functions by in-class role plays of interviewing, drafting, framing a cause of action; negotiating, and mediating.A Web Detectives Template is offered as a practical, easily applied educator’s process tool to aid novices study skills; to indicate an organizational structure for filing notes, rules, etc; and to suggest questions for those not experienced in asking relevant ones. The Template shows where to integrate horn-book materials, critique judicial analyses, and experience a simulation process of client/attorney interactions that reveals how law and problem solving are intertwined. At its best, this builds long term memory about the law and promotes learning from formerly boring cases.
Voting Processes in Complex Adaptive Systems to Combine Perspectives of Disparate Social Simulations into a Coherent Picture.

If computational social science is to find practical application in informing policy decisions and proportionately analyzing courses of action, then it will have to make progress in the area of composition of social models. Since a single simulation cannot hold a world of information, policy makers need to switch in and out modules in federations of simulations to test policies against all possible social environments. Voting processes as they occur in nature, both in the form of cognition in a human mind of disparate world views, and in the form of equilibria seeking coevolution of species, inform how to combine model results externally and deeply, respectively. These algorithms, which use the same principles of soft computation found in nature, enable any models to mesh together, even if they have different ontologies, or their data conflict, regardless of the degree they overlap. A whiteboard architecture in which models report in their own ontologies how other models may inform them and what they have to offer other models, is a framework for the arbitrary meshing of social models.
Exit cards: creating a dialogue for continuous evaluation

ABSTRACTThis study explored the use of Exit Cards, which are formative evaluations of student knowledge and instruction undertaken at every class meeting. Its results are based on Exit Card data from two undergraduate research methods courses. Thematic analysis indicated that students used Exit Cards to communicate (1) what they learned, (2) challenges with course material, (3) experiences with peers, (4) requests for help, (5) challenges with coping, and (6) successes. While the present study is an initial exploration of the use of Exit Cards, it contributes to knowledge on the utilization of informal formative assessments.
Effect of the Host in Action of Sulfonamides on Elementary-Body Agents of Murine and Feline Pneumonitis.∗

SummaryThe effect of sulfamerazine on pulmonary infections in mice, hamsters, rats, and cotton rats, and on yolk sac infections in chick embryos with the agents of murine and feline pneumonitis was studied. The drug inhibited the action of the mouse virus in all the species tested and was effective in very small doses, 0.0025 mg per gram of body weight in mice and somewhat larger doses, 0.1 mg/g, in hamsters. With the agent of feline pneumonitis, large doses of sulfamerazine, near the toxic limits, produced moderate inhibition of the lung lesions in hamsters and white rats, slight inhibition in cotton rats, and no effect in mice or chick embryos.
Misinformation on the Origin of Eucaryotes

Groan. I was disappointed to see fundamentally important misinformation foisted off in the otherwise good article, “Can't Live without You: Essential Animal-Bacterial Relationships,” by Angela E. Douglas (Microbe, June 2012, p. 273–277).
Recovery of Anopheline Eggs from Natural Habitats, an Aid to Rapid Survey Work

Experience gained during the course of an anopheline survey of the island of Sardinia in the summer (May-August) of 1946 demonstrated the value of anopheline egg collections under natural conditions. Recourse was had to this method because limited time made it necessary to conduct the survey as rapidly as possible. Sardinia comprises a land area of roughly 9,300 square miles and a good seven tenths of it lies at 500 meters or higher. The Island has a population of about 1,222,000 inhabitants, of which approximately 93 per cent live in the village centers. Rural habitations are rare except in a few localities, so that man-made shelters for house-haunting species of anophelines are few and far between, and even non-existent in certain regions. Prior to the survey, it was known that at least two members of the Anopheles maculipennis group had been reported from the Island, and inasmuch as these species are only readily classified in the egg stage it was necessary to have eggs in order to make the survey complete.
Unanswered Questions About Margin Recommendations for Primary Cutaneous Melanoma

Radical wide excision with appropriate margins based on depth of tumor invasion has been the standard adopted in NCCN and national clinical practice guidelines in oncology based on randomized controlled trial data. When carefully scrutinized, however, questions remain unanswered about what constitute appropriate margins in many frequently encountered clinical situations. In addition to the single characteristic of tumor depth, factors such as primary tumor location, histologic classification, and even specific patient characteristics may all contribute to risk for local recurrence, and therefore should potentially be considered in margin recommendations. This article addresses current uncertainty surrounding optimal margin status in primary cutaneous melanoma.
Seasonal changes in body mass, composition, and organs of northern red-backed voles in interior Alaska

Northern red-backed voles ( Clethrionomys rutilus ) undergo a pronounced annual cycle in body mass and are heaviest in summer and lightest in winter. We trapped voles throughout 1994 to determine how changes in body composition and organ size contributed to this cycle. Body mass peaked in summer for females and spring for males. Seasonal changes in body mass were primarily due to changes in lean mass. Body mass was 30–50% lower in winter than summer, and water content of lean mass was lowest in winter. Total body fat was low throughout the year but peaked (as with body mass) in spring (males) or early summer (females). Energy reserves in the form of fat depots are apparently most crucial during the breeding season. A low relative ash content in early summer was possibly due to a cation imbalance in the diet. Absolute and relative sizes of different body components contributed to the annual cycle in total body mass. All body components (except brown adipose tissue) declined in absolute mass, dry mass, and percent water during autumn, with skeletomuscular components contributing most to loss of total body mass. Most body components declined in proportion to declines in total body mass. However, liver, reproductive tract, and muscle mass of males declined proportionally more than total body mass; heart, brain, and bone declined proportionally less. Whole body analyses suggest that the annual cycle of body mass in C. rutilus is driven by seasonal changes in optimal body size. Component analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that the primary selective force driving seasonal changes in body components is the enhanced overwinter survival of C. rutilus with relatively small body size.
Mice Lacking Pannexin 1 Release ATP and Respond Normally to All Taste Qualities

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required for the transmission of all taste qualities from taste cells to afferent nerve fibers. ATP is released from Type II taste cells by a nonvesicular mechanism and activates purinergic receptors containing P2X2 and P2X3 on nerve fibers. Several ATP release channels are expressed in taste cells including CALHM1, Pannexin 1, Connexin 30, and Connexin 43, but whether all are involved in ATP release is not clear. We have used a global Pannexin 1 knock out (Panx1 KO) mouse in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our results confirm that Panx1 channels are absent in taste buds of the knockout mice and that other known ATP release channels are not upregulated. Using a luciferin/luciferase assay, we show that circumvallate taste buds from Panx1 KO mice normally release ATP upon taste stimulation compared with wild type (WT) mice. Gustatory nerve recordings in response to various tastants applied to the tongue and brief-access behavioral testing with SC45647 also show no difference between Panx1 KO and WT. These results confirm that Panx1 is not required for the taste evoked release of ATP or for neural and behavioral responses to taste stimuli.
Research Advances on Plant 2n Female Gamete and Its Application

Combining with the research achievements at home and abroad in recent decades,the occurrence situation of 2n female gametes in plants,cytology basis,genetic effects and method for improving the ratio of 2n female gametes were summarized,and the application status,exsiting problems were discussed.
Analysis of swimming pool water quality detection results in Yiwu from 2007 to 2010

Objective:To investigate the sanitary quality of swimming pool water in Yiwu city,and provide the scientific evidence for hygienic management of swimming pool.Methods: The hygienic indices of swimming water,including pH values,turbidity,urea,residual chlorine,the total count of bacteria and coliform bacteria were examined,and the results were analyzed.Results: A total of 186 water samples were detected from 2007 to 2010,and 99 samples were qualified with the qualified rate of 53.2%.There was no significant difference in the total qualified rate of water samples within different years.The qualified rates of different swimming places were as follows: Social areaHotelprofessional areaschool.The swimming pool of school had the lowest qualified rate(50%).The main unqualified items were the residual chlorine,urea,the total count of bacteria.Conclusion: The sanitary quality of swimming pool water inYiwu city remains worring,the relevant departments still need to strengthen supervision and management of swimming places.
Fast simulation technique for ACC radar integration in complex environments at 76–77GHz

This paper describes several simulation techniques [1] for ACC antenna integration in complex environments (radomes, bumpers) at 76–77 GHz. The first step exposes the antenna architecture. The second step follows with the antenna equivalent model techniques. Starting with the antenna design, one can replace the antenna by an equivalent source (near fields, spherical modes,…) to perform the ACC radar integration steps. Due to the high frequency ACC application, and due to the large electrical size of the complex structures, fast simulation techniques (MLFMM, RL-GO, MoM-GF,…) are used. The aim is to end up with a good trade off between simulation runtime and memory consumption, with accurate results compared to classical full wave techniques. Two integration scenarios are presented: The first one with a monolayer bumper structure and the second scenario with a multilayer bumper assembly taking into account the painting layers.
Museum of TMH multimodality imaging center: Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta.

a 52-year-old man underwent aortic valve replacement (avr) for symptomatic aortic stenosis. he presented 2 months later with fevers and was found to have a pericardial effusion that grew staphylococcus aureus. a transesophageal echocardiogram suggested that a saccular pseudoaneurysm had formed within the ascending aorta (Panel a; arrow) just distal to the prosthetic aortic valve (Pav). Color doppler images confirmed flow within the M U S e U M o F t M H M U L t I M o D A L I t Y I M A g I n g C e n t e R
A pilot investigation of physical working capacity in depressed and nondepressed psychiatric males.

(1969). A Pilot Investigation of Physical Working Capacity in Depressed and Nondepressed Psychiatric Males. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 859-861.
Mathematical Modeling of VEGF Binding, Production, and Release in Angiogenesis

This paper presents a new mathematical model for the transduction of the extracellular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signal into the intracellular VEGF signal. It is based on a signal transduction pathway that accounts for VEGF binding, production, and release. The resulting mathematical model for the evolution of the chemical species concentrations is analyzed analytically and numerically to address qualitative aspects (including positivity, stability and robustness with respect to variations of the secretion rate parameter). Various secretion rate functions are investigated as well.
Security and Privacy in Cyber-Physical Systems

Abstract Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are used across domains to enable process optimization and previously unachievable functionality. The combination of networked digital systems and analog physical processes creates unique characteristics that change how security theory is applied. Neither cyber nor physical security concepts alone can protect CPS because the cross-over effects can introduce unexpected vulnerabilities. Physical attacks may damage or compromise information being processed by the device, while cyber attacks may cause physical malfunctions resulting in real-world consequences. Therefore, security and privacy are key concerns for CPS design, development, and operation. In this chapter, we discuss how CPS security and privacy differ from that of pure cyber or physical systems and what may be done to secure these systems. Our goal is to help designers of emerging CPS to build more secure, privacy-enhanced products in the future.
Usage of Stereotypy as a Descriptive Term

A brief review of literature in psychology shows that the term “stereotyped” has many usages and contexts. A scheme is suggested to reduce confusion between stereotypy and related terms.
Exploring clinical correlations in centroid-based gait metrics from depth data collected in the home

A longitudinal study in the home setting using inexpensive depth cameras was done over 34 months to investigate the ability to predict clinical events. Previous work developed a set of metrics based upon the movement of the centroid computed from segmented depth data [14]. A predictive analysis method is developed allowing the identification of significant changes in the subject's gait. These changes are compared to the subject's clinical events and correlated with standard Fall Risk Assessments (FRA). The method developed here allows the proper clustering of all purposeful walks in the residence to isolate the subject from visitors, and identification of significant changes using a set of metrics unique to each subject. Correct detection of events and non-events ranged between 75% and 94% across a set of 7 residents. These predicted events were also found to correlate strongly with established monthly FRAs.
Lex talionis in the twenty-first century: revenge ideation and terrorism

Hamza bin Laden’s declaration of revenge against the U.S. and his subsequent designation as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist indicate a new stage in counterterrorism operations against Al Qa...
Minority Languages: Education

Minority language education is defined and its purposes discussed. The traditions and controversies surrounding minority language education in the world then provide a context (1) to identify the different power-related dimensions that affect whether a minority language has the possibility of being successfully included in education, and introduce a scale that can be used to predict its ease and success; and (2) to describe the different ways in which minority language education has been organized, giving examples from different societies.
Thermal resistance of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in liquid egg yolk and egg yolk products

The effectiveness of various pasteurization procedures in destroying Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis in liquid egg products was evaluated. Survivor studies were perfonned on individual strains of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in commercially broken raw egg yolk samples after heating at 61.1, 63.3, and 64.4°C using submerged vials, and on Salmonella spp. at 60.0, 61.1, and 62.2°C. Surviving bacteria were enumerated on TSA and results expressed as D-values. The influence of aw -lowering ingredients such as salt and sugar on thermal resistance in yolk was investigated using a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes or a mixture of Salmonella spp. (four strains of S. enteritidis , one stain each of S. senftenberg and S. typhimurium ) at 61.1°C to 66.7°C. At 61.1°C (present minimum temperature for pasteurization of plain egg yolk), a 7-log-unit reduction of Salmonella took 1.4 to 2.4 min, whereas a 7-log-unit reduction of L. monocytogenes took 4.9 to 16.1 min. The D-value for L. monocytogenes at 64.4°C increased from 0.44 min in plain yolk to 8.26 min after a 21.5-min lag (total time to achieve 1-log-unit reduction was 30.7 min) in yolk with 10% salt and 5% sugar, and 27.3 min after a 10.5-min lag (total time 37.8 min for 1-log-unit reduction) in yolk with 20% salt. The D-value for Salmonella in egg yolk at 64.4°C was < 0.2 min, but when 10% salt was added, the D-value was 6.4 min. Aw -lowering solutes in liquid egg yolk increased the thermal resistance of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes .
Illicit Continuities: The Riemannian Monstrosity at the Heart of Deleuze's Bergsonism

Why would Deleuze condemn the dialectic of the One and the Many? It is not simply to replace one set of categories with another. Rather, it is to make differential topology safe for the philosophy ...
Redesigning Social Organization for Accelerated Innovation in the New Digital Economy: A Design Thinking Perspective

We now appear to be in the full grip of the media transformation from paper-based media to a digital-based media. This evolution in mobility of information (experiences) has occurred alongside the mobility of matter and labor (goods and services, mass and heat), all of which have come about as a result of evolution in technologies of encryption, computation, communication, representation, sensing, and transportation. All these changes have contributed to a market environment that is more open, connected, complex, and dynamic, and to corporate and civic organizational configurations that are overwhelmed and slow to adapt to these changes. In the Hasso Plattner Design Thinking Research program, we have been observing these changes, and developing solutions to accelerate the rate of innovation in the new digital economy. Our work has led us to focus on the design team, the design coach, and the instrumented design space as the new unit of knowledge work, as opposed to the individual employees and line manager. This new unit is larger than the individual and so can take in more information. It is smaller than the typical organizational group or department, so it is faster to act and more agile. And the data rich and computational nature of the instrumented space, means that the technology can be considered a bona fide member of the design team. The variety of organizational structures now possible as well as the way these structures need to change in very short time frames has made it necessary to develop a biological metaphor of the organization as an organism that can fold, unfold, and refold as it adapts rapidly to a fast-changing environment. This radical shift from the hierarchical, clockwork, command and control organizations of the industrial age, will be explored with a view to showing alternative redesign of social organizations and the means to accomplish the requisite sociological, psychological, and technological transformations effectively.
Considerations for Biotribometers: Cells, Gels, and Tissues

Tribological evaluation of biological materials, such as cells and tissues, present both opportunities and challenges to experimentalists. When working with living materials, maintaining homeostasis during testing in vitro or in vivo often requires appropriate control of the environment, selection of the testing time and duration, applied loads, and shear stresses. This manuscript provides much of the background and design information used in the development of a microtribometer that has been modified to perform biotribology measurements in vitro. The focus of this manuscript is on mammalian cells in monolayer, and a series of order-of-magnitude calculations are used to inform future instrument designs and considerations, including: sliding speed ranges from 10 nm/s to 100 mm/s, contact pressures less than 6 kPa, temperature ~ 37 °C, and contact areas on the order of 1,000’s of µm2. The design and development of these biotribology instruments enable in situ fluorescence microscopy and allow for statistically significant gene expression analyses such as quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Assessing Long-Term Health Effects of Air Pollution with Advanced Spatial Models

Near the end of the last millennium, relatively few studies on the long-term health effects of air pollution had been undertaken. Two studies were effectively being used for setting government regu...
Prior muscle activation affects the compound muscle action potential.

INTRODUCTION This study was performed to evaluate the effect of prior voluntary activation of a muscle on the subsequently-recorded compound muscle action potential (CMAP). METHODS The CMAPs from the hypothenar, thenar, and extensor digitorum brevis muscles were recorded in 6 healthy volunteers at rest and for up to 30 min following 5 separate epochs of up to 20 s of voluntary muscle activation. RESULTS There was consistent, significant (P < 0.02) enhancement of the negative area, amplitude, and duration of the CMAP after activation. The enhancement was maximal, up to 144% of baseline, within about 1 min post-activation; thereafter, the CMAP gradually returned to baseline over about 15 min. DISCUSSION Activation of a muscle within several minutes prior to testing enhances the subsequently-recorded CMAP. This observation highlights prior muscle activation as a physiological variable that influences the size of the CMAP during motor nerve conduction studies. Muscle Nerve, 2019.
The History of the Husserl Archives Established in Memory of Alfred Schutz at the New School for Social Research

The chapter exposes an accurate analysis of the steps that brought to the presence, in North America, of archives dedicated to the writings of Edmund Husserl. The account runs from an early project for a first center in Buffalo, to the birth of centers dedicated to Phenomenology. The first surviving United States of America branch of the Husserl Archives in Leuven was created at the New School for Social Research, while in the mid-1980s a second collection center of copies of the transcriptions of Husserl’s manuscripts – the Simon Silverman Phenomenology Center – was created at Duquesne University. In specific, this chapter restitutes the history of the creation of the “Husserl Archives Established in Memory of Alfred Schutz” at the New School for Social Research in New York.
Sigma-1 receptor antagonist, PD144418, selectively reduces female motivation for food during negative energy balance.

Abstract Sigma-1 (σ1) receptors have been investigated for their involvement in learning, rewarding and motivational processes. PD144418, a σ1 receptor antagonist, has been found to produce a dose-dependent attenuation of locomotor activity induced by cocaine, and by itself, does not suppress basal locomotor activity in mice. Moreover, PD144418 decreases the motivational effort of a food-reinforced behavior in male rats, without altering appetite or food palatability. It remains unknown whether the PD144418 can alter the motivational effort of a food-reinforced behavior in response to altered energy homeostasis, as is the case under 24 -h food deprivation. Additionally, while the previous experiments indicate effects in male rats, there has been no research examining the effects of PD144418, or any other σ1 receptor antagonist, on motivational aspects of feeding in females. The present study examined the effects of PD144418 on motivational aspects of feeding in male and female rats using an operant task under sated or food deprived conditions. Results indicated that when animals are sated, at the highest dose (10 μmol/kg), under a progressive ratio (PR) reinforcement schedule, PD144418 significantly attenuated the breakpoint and the number of active lever responses for sucrose pellets in both males and females. When animals are in a state of energy deficit, as is the case following 24-hr food deprivation, PD144418 does not alter motivationally driven operant responding as measured by the breakpoint in either sex but does alter the number of earned reinforcers responses in females.
Public Health Is Political: A Student's View on a Necessary Shift in Public Health Curricula

[ ]since the start of the pandemic, mask wearing has consistently been a controversial topic across the nation despite evidence that it slows the spread of COVID-19 2 However, we observe daily throughout San Diego, California (as in other parts of the country), community members who refuse to wear masks and believe that adhering to public health recommendations restricts their personal freedoms 3 Current public health dissemination efforts have been unable to reach many such individuals Public health efforts are further hampered by the Trump administration's circulation of misinformation-statements that are often at odds with state and federal public health officials or not grounded in evidence Engaging public health students in political processes should not be seen as radical but as a necessary shift in public health's approach to attain health equity >4JPH CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence should be sent to Sally P Windisch, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 (e-mail: swindisch3830@sdsu edu)
Nuclear spin features relevant to ab initio nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering

Background: Effective interactions for elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering from first principles require the use of the same nucleon-nucleon interaction in the structure and reaction calculations, as well as a consistent treatment of the relevant operators at each order.Purpose: Previous work using these interactions has shown good agreement with available data. Here, we study the physical relevance of one of these operators, which involves the spin of the struck nucleon, and examine the interpretation of this quantity in a nuclear structure context.Methods: Using the framework of the spectator expansion and the underlying framework of the no-core shell model, we calculate and examine spin-projected, one-body momentum distributions required for effective nucleon-nucleus interactions in $J=0$ nuclear states.Results: The calculated spin-projected, one-body momentum distributions for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, $^{6}\mathrm{He}$, and $^{8}\mathrm{He}$ display characteristic behavior based on the occupation of protons and neutrons in single-particle levels, with more nucleons of one type yielding momentum distributions with larger values. Additionally, we find this quantity is strongly correlated to the magnetic moment of the ${2}^{+}$ excited state in the ground state rotational band for each nucleus considered.Conclusions: We find that spin-projected, one-body momentum distributions can probe the spin content of a $J=0$ wave function. This feature may allow future ab initio nucleon-nucleus scattering studies to inform spin properties of the underlying nucleon-nucleon interactions. The observed correlation to the magnetic moment of excited states illustrates a previously unknown connection between reaction observables such as the analyzing power and structure observables like the magnetic moment.
Developmental changes in story-evoked responses in the neocortex and hippocampus

How does the representation of naturalistic life events change with age? Here we analyzed fMRI data from 415 children and adolescents (5 - 19 years) as they watched a narrative movie. In addition to changes in the degree of inter-subject correlation (ISC) with age in sensory and medial parietal regions, we used a novel measure (between-groups ISC) to reveal age-related shifts in the responses across the majority of the neocortex. Over the course of development, brain responses became more discretized into stable and coherent events, and shifted earlier in time to anticipate upcoming event transitions. However, hippocampal responses to event boundaries actually decreased with age, suggesting a shifting division of labor between episodic encoding processes and schematic event representations between the ages of 5 and 19.
Single-Leaflet Aortic Valve Reconstruction Utilizing the Ozaki Technique in Patients With Congenital Aortic Valve Disease.

Evaluate outcomes of single leaflet aortic valve reconstruction using Ozaki sizer and template. Single institute retrospective analysis between August 2015 and August 2019. Thirty-three patients, median age 9.3 years and weight 29.2 kg underwent single leaflet Ozaki repair. Preoperative indications were: AR (n=17), AS (n=3) or AS/AR (n=13). Baseline anatomy was unicuspid (n=15), bicuspid (n=9) or tricuspid (n=9). Two patients had endocarditis. Prior interventions included balloon valvuloplasty (n=22) and aortic valve repair (n=9). Pre-op average native annulus diameter was 19.6mm and peak echo gradient was 36mmHg. Autologous pericardium, Photofix® and CardioCel® bovine pericardium were used in 26, 5, and 2 patients. Non-coronary sinus enlargement was required in 3 and aortic root reduction in 9 patients. Single leaflet reconstruction was done for the right coronary cusp (n=25), non-coronary cusp in (n=6) and left coronary cusp (n=2). Additional procedures were done in 30 patients. Median ICU and hospital LOS were 2.1 and 6.3 days. There were no early re-interventions or conversions to valve replacement and one unrelated mortality. At discharge, all patients had