cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Le Véritable Saint Genest Creativity and the Movement from the Profane to the Sacred

In Jean Rotrou’s Le Veritable Saint Genest (1645), the illustrious pagan actor Genest emphatically states that he has become an actor in order to mock and deride Christianity. However, through the play-within-a-play structure incorporating the mise-en-abyme “Le Martyre d’Adrian,” Genest, playing the martyr Adrian, demonstrates the operation of his creative imagination in his own surprising movement from the profane to the sacred. In Logos and Life Book I: Creative Experience and the Critique of Reason, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka describes the liberating force necessary to activate the creative process.
ALOHA for Wireless Sensor Networks with Random Frequency Offsets

The impact of random frequency offsets on low-end sensor networks is considered. Results indicate that opening up receiver bandwidth not only helps improve throughput as measured in bits per second but can also result in improved bandwidth efficiency as measured in bits/sec/Hz. Implementing such a system will not only drive down node costs but also increase their operational lifetime.
On flow control mechanisms and their impacts upon statistical databases

The effect of mixing two or more independently designed data security policies has not been well analyzed. There has been concern that it may create unexpected violations. The authors show that the widely used *-property flow control policy in multi-level data security systems can contribute to the compromise of statistical databases. They further conclude that additions of unclassified data into a statistical database alone may undermine inference control policies and mechanisms. Fundamental insights obtained from this study must be taken into account during data security policy analysis and formulation. >
Method to study complex systems of mesons in lattice QCD

Finite density systems can be explored with Lattice QCD through the calculation of multi-hadron correlation functions. Recently, systems with up to 12 � + ’s or K + ’s have been studied to determine the 3-� + and 3-K + interactions, and the corresponding chemical potentials have been determined as a function of density. We derive recursion relations between correlation functions that allow this work to be extended to systems of arbitrary numbers of mesons and to systems containing many different types of mesons, such as � + ’s, K + ’s, D 0 ’s and B + ’s. These relations allow for the study of finite-density systems in arbitrary volumes, and for the study of high-density systems.
Total least squares system identification and frequency estimation for overdetermined model orders

A method of obtaining accurate parameter and frequency estimates using the total least squares (TLS) method when the model order is overdetermined is described. The proposed method finds the linear combination of the noise subspace eigenvectors which yields the sought-after unknown system parameters. The proposed approach was demonstrated to perform better than the minimum-norm method in a parameter identification and a frequency estimation experiment. >
An Investigation Of Factors Impacting The Use Of Technology In A Home School Environment

Home school populations have been studied for socialization and academic preparedness, but there are few studies on the use of technology among home schooled families. One researcher, in studying technology use among home school families in the greater Albany, New York area, found that the use of technology had a positive influence on the decision to home school and to allow home school families to create and maintain groups of like-minded home schoolers in their quest to educate their children.
Mesh-free data transfer algorithms for partitioned multiphysics problems

In this paper we analyze and extend mesh-free algorithms for three-dimensional data transfer problems in partitioned multiphysics simulations. We first provide a direct comparison between a mesh-based weighted residual method using the common-refinement scheme and two mesh-free algorithms leveraging compactly supported radial basis functions: one using a spline interpolation and one using a moving least square reconstruction. Through the comparison we assess both the conservation and accuracy of the data transfer obtained from each of the methods. We do so for a varying set of geometries with and without curvature and sharp features and for functions with and without smoothness and with varying gradients. Our results show that the mesh-based and mesh-free algorithms are complementary with cases where each was demonstrated to perform better than the other. We then focus on the mesh-free methods by developing a set of algorithms to parallelize them based on sparse linear algebra techniques. This includes a discussion of fast parallel radius searching in point clouds and restructuring the interpolation algorithms to leverage data structures and linear algebra services designed for large distributed computing environments. The scalability of our new algorithms is demonstrated on a leadership class computing facility using a set of basic scaling studies. These scaling studies show that for problems with reasonable load balance, our new algorithms for both spline interpolation and moving least square reconstruction demonstrate both strong and weak scalability using more than 100,000 MPI processes with billions of degrees of freedom in the data transfer operation.
An Existential-Humanistic and Transpersonally Oriented Depth Psychology

Beyond a mere ego-centered concept, dynamic theories of personality merged between the 1940s and the 1960s to produce existential-humanistic and transpersonal psychology. The creative and diamonic forces at work that allowed this to come about were many. First, was the Americanization of European forms of existentialism and phenomenology and their absorption into the new movement called humanistic psychology. This led to the valorization of the psychotherapeutic hour over artificial modeling in the laboratory, as well as a major epistemological critique of positivistic reductionism in experimental science. Second, was the radicalization of psychoanalysis, leading to forms of depth psychology that mixed the iconography of the transcendent and new experiential forms of learning with radical forms of social activism directed against traditional psychology and psychiatry.
ANORECTAL MISCELLANY: Pilonidal Disease, Anal Cancer, Bowen's and Paget's Diseases, Foreign Bodies, and Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Pilonidal disease commonly is seen by all primary care practitioners, and guidelines for office management and referral are provided. Less commonly seen entities, such as hidradenitis suppurativa, anal cancer, and Bowen's and Paget's diseases, also may affect this anatomic area. Knowledge that they may be encountered here helps guide the practitioner to the proper diagnosis and management. Lastly, foreign bodies are sometimes seen in the anorectal area, and information about appropriate steps to take are outlined.
Constitutional Protection for the Right to Marry: A Dissenting View

Unlike many aspects of the right to privacy, the theory that the Constitution provides strong protection for the right to marry has been largely uncontroversial. Although at times quarreling with the specific formulations adopted by the Court, commentators generally have been eager to endorse some form of enhanced scrutiny for the right to marry. Most recently, these arguments have been particularly prominent in litigation seeking to establish the right of same sex couples to marry. In addition, however, such arguments have been deployed in support of the proposition that the Constitution threatens prohibitions on marriage between blood relations and restricts the ability of the state to regulate premarital and extramarital sexual relations.On one level, the strong support for a constitutional right to marry is unsurprising. The invocation of such a right has considerable rhetorical impact. After all, what could be more “fundamental” than the right to marry and create a family? Closer examination, however, reveals substantial difficulties with the concept of a constitutional right to marry - difficulties that are typically not discussed in the relevant scholarship. This essay, first published in 1992 in the George Washington Law Review, focuses on those difficulties and concludes that the idea of a constitutional right to marry is fundamentally unsound.
Rapid Oligo-Galacturonide Induced Changes in Protein Phosphorylation in Arabidopsis

The wall-associated kinases (WAKs)(1)are receptor protein kinases that bind to long polymers of cross-linked pectin in the cell wall. These plasma-membrane-associated protein kinases also bind soluble pectin fragments called oligo-galacturonides (OGs) released from the wall after pathogen attack and damage. WAKs are required for cell expansion during development but bind water soluble OGs generated from walls with a higher affinity than the wall-associated polysaccharides. OGs activate a WAK-dependent, distinct stress-like response pathway to help plants resist pathogen attack. In this report, a quantitative mass-spectrometric-based phosphoproteomic analysis was used to identify Arabidopsis cellular events rapidly induced by OGsin planta Using N(14/)N(15)isotopicin vivometabolic labeling, we screened 1,000 phosphoproteins for rapid OG-induced changes and found 50 proteins with increased phosphorylation, while there were none that decreased significantly. Seven of the phosphosites within these proteins overlap with those altered by another signaling molecule plants use to indicate the presence of pathogens (the bacterial "elicitor" peptide Flg22), indicating distinct but overlapping pathways activated by these two types of chemicals. Genetic analysis of genes encoding 10 OG-specific and two Flg22/OG-induced phosphoproteins reveals that null mutations in eight proteins compromise the OG response. These phosphorylated proteins with genetic evidence supporting their role in the OG response include two cytoplasmic kinases, two membrane-associated scaffold proteins, a phospholipase C, a CDPK, an unknown cadmium response protein, and a motor protein. Null mutants in two proteins, the putative scaffold protein REM1.3, and a cytoplasmic receptor like kinase ROG2, enhance and suppress, respectively, a dominantWAKallele. Altogether, the results of these chemical and genetic experiments reveal the identity of several phosphorylated proteins involved in the kinase/phosphatase-mediated signaling pathway initiated by cell wall changes.
Incidence of Campylobacter in crops of preharvest market-age broiler chickens

Abstract Previous research has identified cecal and intestinal contents as sources for Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses in the processing plant. During the present study, we evaluated the crop contents of preharvest market-age broilers as a potential reservoir of field-derived Campylobacter in the processing plant. Crops were collected aseptically from 40 randomly selected market-age broilers in each of nine commercial broiler flocks. Ceca were collected from broilers in six of the same flocks for comparison with the crop samples. The presence of Campylobacter in the crops and ceca was determined by enrichment culture in Bolton broth followed by culture on Campy-Ceflex plates. Campylobacter was isolated from the crop contents of broilers in seven of the nine flocks and from the cecal contents in three of six flocks. The incidence of Campylobacter-positive crop samples among all birds evaluated (224/359; 62%) was significantly higher (P
The joint action of coprecipitated free-acid formulations of erythrosin B and fluorescein against the larvae of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae).

The joint toxicity of coprecipitated, free-acid, nondispersible and dispersible formulations of erythrosin B and fluorescein was studied on fourth-instar Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say. When used alone or in combination, the dispersible formulation was more toxic than its nondispersible counterparts. The dispersible 1:1 and 1:3 (erythrosin B: fluorescein) combinations were more toxic and faster acting than any of the components used alone. The nondispersible coprecipitated formulation failed to enhance toxicity. However, the dispersible combinations showed synergistic action, with the 1:1 combination exhibiting a greater degree of synergism than the 1:3 combination. The 24-h dark incubation treatment increased the toxic effects of the coprecipitated dispersible formulation and erythrosin B used alone, but suppressed the toxicity of fluorescein.
Safety of combination vaccines: perception versus reality.

Background. Combination vaccines contain multiple antigens to protect against several diseases simultaneously and have simplified the delivery of childhood immunizations. Children are healthier today because of the use of combination vaccines, and the United States is benefiting from record low numbers of vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite obvious benefits, concerns and misconceptions exist regarding the safety and efficacy of combination vaccines. Methods. A review of the pediatric literature to dispel the common misperceptions and potential barriers to combining vaccines. Results. Assurance that combination vaccines approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration undergo extensive testing will help to alleviate concerns regarding safety and efficacy of combination vaccines. Food and Drug Administration standards are rigorous and require that combination vaccines be as safe and effective as each component of the vaccine administered separately. Combination vaccines have been available for >50 years, and lessons learned during this time are continuously applied to the development and use of new products. Conclusions. Children will benefit from new combination vaccines because fewer injections will be required to protect against vaccine-preventable diseases, allowing for the introduction of new vaccines into the immunization schedule and prevention of additional diseases.
Records of the Pika in the Tanana Hills, Alaska

The only published record of the pika, Ochotona ccittaris , in the Tanana Hills, Alaska, is from the head of Seward Creek on Glacier Mountain near Eagle, Alaska (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna 30: 26,1909; Howell, N. Amer. Fauna 47: 34,1924). Hall (Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, 5(10): 127, 1951) apparently overlooked this record and gave the “Tanana River” ( sic ) citing Howell ( op. cit. :36) as the recorded location closest to the Tanana Hills. Several pikas have been observed …
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

Background. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among cancer patients, but the majority of CAM studies do not specify the time periods in relation to cancer diagnoses. We sought to define CAM use by cancer patients and investigate factors that might influence changes in CAM use in relation to cancer diagnoses. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adults diagnosed with breast, prostate, lung, or colorectal cancer between 2010 and 2012 at the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. Questionnaires were sent to 1794 patients. Phone calls were made to nonrespondents. Log binomial/Poisson regressions were used to investigate the association between cancer-related changes in CAM use and conversations about CAM use with oncology providers. Results. We received 603 (33.6 %) completed questionnaires. The mean age (SD) was 64 (11) years; 62% were female; 79% were white; and 98% were non-Hispanic. Respondents reported the following cancer types: breast (47%), prostate (27%), colore...
Morphological Observation of Five Kinds of Fluke

Objective To provide the basis for the differentiation with other fluke samples through observating the morphology of Metorchis orientalis, Clonorchis sinensis, Haplorchis pumilios, Haptorchis taichui, and Centrocestue formosanus. Methods Adults, egg and metacercaria of five kinds of fluke were collected. Their shape, size and habitation site were examined. Results The habitation site of adult: Adult of Metorchis orientalis and Clonorchis sinensis inhabit in the bile duct, whereas others in the small intestine. The habitation site of metacercaria: Besides Centrocestue formosanus inhabits in the branchia of the fish, others inhabit in the muscle of the fish body. Egg characterization: Besides some differences of the top of egg and the crustaceous glabrous degree of egg on five kinds of fluke, there are some other minor differences. Metacercaria characterization: There is very thick theca wall in Metorchis orientalis, whereas very thin in others. Other characterization: The excretory bladder of Centrocestue formosanus is "I" graphemic. The tubular small thorns on the genital sucker of Haptorchis taichui are arrayed in flabellate sunflower shape. That of Haplorchis pumilios are formed punctate and surrounded with the circuit. Adult characterization: The biggest is Clonorchis sinensis with the form of sunflower seed; the second is Metorchis orientalis with lamina form; the third is Haplorchis pumilios and Haptorchis taichui with the shoes form; the smallest is Centrocestue formosanus with winebottle form. Conclusion When counting egg, adult and metracercaria of five kinds of fluke, they must be identified depending on their characterization on size and shape.
Sugar Metabolism and Blood Studies Following Vagotomy

In the course of experiments on the effect of section of the vagus nerve on gastric secretion, it was found that the majority of the animals following vagotomy lost a considerable amount of weight and some succumbed with convulsions. At that time we were unable to account for the deaths of these animals but we did discover that when they were fed with milk instead of the usual laboratory diet they invariably increased in weight and never manifested convulsive seizures. Vanzant had also noticed that some vagotomized dogs lost weight but when fed with fresh meat and milk they regained their normal health. No adequate explanation has been offered for this phenomenon but it occurred to us that there may have been some factor in the milk which prevented convulsions and loss of weight and which promoted well-being. For this reason it was decided to study the chemistry of the bood in a group of animals in order to determine whether variations occurred in the calcium, phosphorus, sugar, urea nitrogen, carbon-dioxide combining power and chlorides. So far as we have been able to ascertain, no one has satisfactorily studied the complete blood chemistry in vagotomized dogs.
Imagining a Global Sovereignty: U.S. Counternarcotic Operations in Istanbul during the Early Cold War and the Origins of the Foreign “War on Drugs”

Drawing on declassified records of the little-known Federal Bureau of Narcotics, this article examines counternarcotics operations in postwar Istanbul in the context of the Cold War and its impact on U.S. officials’ conceptions of national security. Ever-expanding drug control operations demonstrated the emergence of U.S. hegemonic impulses independent of the deepening conflict with the Soviet Union. The article challenges the view that U.S. policy on drug control during the early Cold War era existed primarily as an adjunct of the “deep state.” Actual U.S. policies were shaped by a much more complex set of factors.
Contract n° BOS-010-D

Type, form and distribution curve of the filler particles influence strength and surface characteristics of printing papers to a remarkable extent. For machine finished offset paper other filler properties are preferable than for supercalendered rotogravure paper. Different fillers react on supercalendering differently. Modern equipment for measuring the distribution curve of the filler particles gives new insights in the size and form of these particles and enables fast and frequent quality controls of the purchased and the used fillers. By reducing the variation of the filler going to the paper machine more filler and/ or less chemical pulp can be used and also the variation in printing quality is reduced.
The antagonistic effects of antimitotic agents on contraction and re-extension in the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum.

Contraction in Spirostomum is apparently directed by 2 antagonistic systems which respond to changes in free calcium concentration. The system responsible for imparting contractile tension consists of bundles of 4-5 nm microfilaments which can be calcium-activated. The second system consists of pellicular microtubules which may have the capacity to impart tensile force and react with each other through cross-bridging. Cells subjected to electrical stimulation to induce contraction in the presence of 0.1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol and KCN failed to recover their original resting lengths. Similar treatment with colchicine produced the same effect, implying an interruption in the activity or structural integrity of the microtubular system. Treatment with 0.5 µg/ml cytochalasin B inhibited all contractile responses, presumably by blocking the activity of microfilaments.
Deception Detection and Relationship Development: The Other Side of Trust

(1986). Deception Detection and Relationship Development: The Other Side of Trust. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 9, Communication Yearbook 9, pp. 377-389.
Temp Organizing Gets Big Boost from NLRB

Workers employed by temporary staffing agencies may find it easier to organize and bargain as the result of the National Labor Relations Board decision in the Browning-Ferris Industries (BFI) case. This Article describes how the decision revamped the Board’s test for what is considered a “joint employer,” imposing new legal obligations on employers who hire through temp agencies and potentially also on giant corporate franchisors. Unions may now get access to these agreements at several points in the process of organizing: 1) in the context of proving joint employment, when the Board is determining the appropriate bargaining unit; 2) when seeking evidence to prove an unfair labor practice; and 3) through information requests in the course of collective bargaining.
The Role of Mental Toughness in Coping and Injury Response in Female Roller Derby and Rugby Athletes

In this study, we explored mental toughness, injury response, and coping among female athletes in roller derby (n = 68) and collegiate rugby (n = 122). Participants completed a survey with measures of mental toughness, hardiness, optimism, coping with injury and psychological response to injury, as well as questions regarding injury status. Injured roller derby players had a more negative response to injury than injured rugby players, but did not differ on mental toughness. Mental toughness was related to approach styles of coping and negatively related to adverse psychological responses to injury. Rugby players who would play through injury reported higher mental toughness than those who would not play through injury; however, the reverse was found for roller derby players. Mental toughness is related to adaptive coping and positive injury response, but also to engaging in activity when injured, with potential detrimental effects.
Cloud-based Decision Support and Automation for Precision Agriculture in Orchards

Abstract: Recent technological and commercial developments make cloud computing an affordable, scalable, and highly-available platform technology. Meanwhile, precision agriculture is showing its potentials by improving agricultural operations through better data-driven decision making. Nevertheless, further development of precision agriculture requires better technology and tools to process data efficiently at a reasonable cost, and to translate the data to better decisions and actions in a field. We developed a framework for cloud-based Decision Support and Automation systems that can acquire data from various sources, synthesize application-specific decisions, and control field devices from the Cloud. A distinctive feature of our framework is its extensible software architecture: decision modules can be added and/or configured for a specific operation. The platform features a device-agnostic frontend that can process incoming data in different formats and semantics. Finally, the platform incorporates software-defined control, a new software design paradigm we proposed to enable versatile and safe control of field devices from a cloud computing platform. An early version of the system has been developed and tested with support from the USDA.
Synergistic Effects of Bortezomib with Low Dose Melphalan Against Human AML Cells.

The treatment of AML in the elderly population is difficult given the inherent resistant disease, the toxic effects of therapy and the presence of co-morbid conditions. We proposed preclinical studies to investigate the potential synergy of bortezomib with melphalan against AML cells, with the anticipation of developing a clinical trial. To test the killing potential of bortezomib or melphalan, limiting dilution experiments were performed with subsequent analysis using the MTT assay. Two human AML cell lines, GDM-1 and Kasumi-1, were used as targets. Tumor cells (7.5 x 10 3 cells/well) were plated on 96-well tissue culture plates and incubated overnight at 37 °C with 5% CO 2 . At 24 hrs, varying concentrations of melphalan (doses: 100 uM to 1 uM) or bortezomib (doses: 100 nM to 1 nM) were added to each well. After 48 hrs of culture, the MTT assay was performed. Each test was run in triplicate. When using the GDM-1 cell line, the addition of melphalan alone (1 uM) resulted in 80% viability (+/− 1.7%), while bortezomib alone (1 nM) yielded 86% viability (+/− 3.6%). An increased dose of each medication decreased the viability of the GDM-1 cells. An increased dose of Melphalan (3 uM) reduced the viability to 23% (+/− 4.2 %). The viability dropped to 62% (+/− 4.9 %) with an increased dose of Bortezomib (3 nM). After combining the medications, the inhibitory activity against the GDM-1 cells required lower doses then either drug alone. For example, melphalan (1uM) with bortezomib (1 nM) reduced the viability of GDM-1 cells to 20% (+/− 2.8%); While melphalan (3 uM) and bortezomib (3 nM) further suppressed the viability to 3.7 % (+/−2.5 %). Similar results were found using the Kasumi-1 AML cell line. These results demonstrate the potential synergy of the combination of bortezomib with melphalan against AML cells. These preclinical results are currently being tested in a clinical trial using low dose melphalan with bortuzimab in elderly AML and MDS patients.
U.S. National Economic Contribution of Generic Food and Agricultural Product Advertising

Agricultural promotion groups (APGs) promote the economic welfare of agricultural producers by financing generic advertising and promotion activities intended to expand demand for their commodities...
Neoadjuvant enzalutamide and androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk prostate cancer: Early results from a feasibility trial.

94Background: Intensive androgen-targeted therapy improves survival for patients with androgen naive metastatic prostate cancer. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (nADT) with abiraterone for localized disease leads to complete responses (pCR) rates of up to 10%. In this study we tested the efficacy of nADT with enzalutamide for patients with high risk, localized disease and the ability of post-treatment multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) to evaluate response. Methods: A single institution trial (NCT02430480) evaluated nADT and enzalutamide 160 mg daily in patients with high risk non-metastatic prostate cancer. Patients underwent MRI-TRUS-guided fusion biopsy at screening and repeat mpMRI followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) after completing six months of therapy. Results: Twenty patients have completed therapy and undergone radical prostatectomy. Clinical characteristics were typical of those with high risk disease: median PSA 8.96 ng/ml (range 2.07-985.9) and clinical stage by mpMRI cT2 (one patient), ...
Analysis and comparison of focused ion beam milling and vibratory polishing sample surface preparation methods for porosity study of U-Mo plate fuel for research and test reactors.

Abstract Uranium-Molybdenum (U-Mo) low enriched uranium (LEU) fuels are a promising candidate for the replacement of high enriched uranium (HEU) fuels currently in use in a high power research and test reactors around the world. Contemporary U-Mo fuel sample preparation uses focused ion beam (FIB) methods for analysis of fission gas porosity. However, FIB possess several drawbacks, including reduced area of analysis, curtaining effects, and increased FIB operation time and cost. Vibratory polishing is a well understood method for preparing large sample surfaces with very high surface quality. In this research, fission gas porosity image analysis results are compared between samples prepared using vibratory polishing and FIB milling to assess the effectiveness of vibratory polishing for irradiated fuel sample preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was performed on sections of irradiated U-Mo fuel plates and the micrographs were analyzed using a fission gas pore identification and measurement script written in MatLab. Results showed that the vibratory polishing method is preferentially removing material around the edges of the pores, causing the pores to become larger and more rounded, leading to overestimation of the fission gas porosity size. Whereas, FIB preparation tends to underestimate due to poor micrograph quality and surface damage leading to inaccurate segmentations. Despite the aforementioned drawbacks, vibratory polishing remains a valid method for porosity analysis sample preparation, however, improvements should be made to reduce the preferential removal of material surrounding pores in order to minimize the error in the porosity measurements.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) from Y-organs of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus).

Abstract Existing data indicate that a Ca2+ signal stimulates ecdysteroid hormone production by crustacean molting glands (Y-organs). Ca2+ signaling is dependent on a tightly regulated Ca2+ gradient, with intracellular free Ca2+ maintained at a low basal level (typically sub-micromolar). This is achieved through the action of proteins intrinsic to the plasma membrane and the membranes of organelles. One such protein, the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), pumps Ca2+ from cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. As a step toward understanding Ca2+-mediated regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis, we have begun investigating Ca2+ transport proteins in Y-organs. In studies reported here, we used a PCR-based strategy to clone from Y-organs of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) a cDNA encoding a putative SERCA protein. The cloned Cas-SERCA cDNA (3806 bp) includes a 3057-bp open reading frame that encodes a 1019-residue protein (Cas-SERCA). The conceptually translated protein has a predicted molecular mass of 111.42 × 103 and contains all signature domains of an authentic SERCA, including ten transmembrane domains and a phosphorylation site at aspartate 351. A homology model of Cas-SERCA closely resembles models of related SERCA proteins. Phylogenetic analysis shows Cas-SERCA clusters with SERCA proteins from other arthropods. An assessment of tissue distribution indicates the Cas-SERCA transcript is widely distributed across tissues. Studies using quantitative PCR showed Cas-SERCA transcript abundance increased significantly in Y-organs activated by eyestalk ablation, a pattern consistent with the hypothesis that Cas-SERCA functions to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis in Y-organs.
Consumer satisfaction to laboratory test interpretation by the ASCLS response team.

OBJECTIVE: To assess consumer satisfaction to responses to laboratory test interpretations as provided by the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) Consumer Response Team. Additional information studied included demographics, whether a response to the question was received, and the respective discipline related to the question. DESIGN: A computerized questionnaire was sent to 339 participants who had sent questions concerning laboratory test results to the ASCLS consumer website (www.ascls.org) in May 2007. A total of 99 completed questionnaires (29.3%) provided usable data for analysis. SETTING: Participants answered the questionnaire via electronic mail and results were summarized in Zoomerang. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were national and international consumers who had sent a question regarding their laboratory results to the ASCLS website. Individuals were 18 years of age or older. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consumer satisfaction, measured by eleven satisfaction statements, with laboratory interpretations by the ASCLS Response Team averaged 4.0 on the five-point Likert scale: 1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree. Overall satisfaction of the website itself was 4.2 on the five-point Likert scale 1 = Poor to 5 = Excellent. RESULTS: The majority of respondents were female (71.1%) and ranged in age from 36-64 years (71.7%). Seventy-six percent of respondents reported they had received an answer to their laboratory test question. The most frequent disciplines for questions received were in chemistry, immunology, and hematology, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates consumers of the ASCLS website were very satisfied with the clinical laboratory scientist volunteers9 responses. The ASCLS Consumer Response Team model is contributing to the advancement of healthcare by providing this important service to the public. ABBREVIATIONS:ASCLS = American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science.
Interpreting biological diversity in South Asian prehistory: Early Holocene population affinities and subsistence adaptations

The goal of this contribution is to provide an integrated synthesis of current research on prehistoric human skeletal remains from South Asia. Data for this study come from dental morphology, as well as from skeletal and dental pathology, and are derived from geographically and chronologically diverse samples. This approach to human biological affinities and subsistence patterns is conducted on the theoretical foundations of organic evolution (Mayr, 1982; Smith, 1993; Gould, 2002). An integrated yet multifaceted approach to population affinities and health in South Asian prehistory will reveal the array of influences that contribute to the complexity of human phenotypic diversity. Evolutionary genetics maintains that phenotypic diversity is the product of complex interactions among forces during ontogeny that include the combined influence of genotypic and environmental factors (Provine, 1971; Ridley, 2004). The deceptively simple yet elegant equation, which governs ontogenetic development generally is: phenotypic variance = genotypic variance + environmental variance. The simplicity of this equation is misleading. Its role in illuminating gene – environment interaction during ontogeny in real world situations is difficult, yet it provides a conceptual model for the dual approaches adopted in this interpretation of human skeletal and dental diversity in South Asia. In this analysis the more highly heritable and genetically influenced aspects of the dental phenotype, especially morphological variations, are employed in the estimation of biological affinities among prehistoric skeletal samples (Scott and Turner, 1997). Biological attributes whose variability is more directly influenced by the organism’s interaction with the environment, such as pathological lesions of the oral cavity and the skeletal system, are analyzed to gain insight into activity patterns, subsistence systems, and dietary behaviors. The value of an integrated dualistic approach to human diversity in South Asian prehistory lies in the greater breadth and depth of understanding that it provides.
Therapeutic outcome research and dissemination of empirically based treatment for alcohol use disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses therapeutic outcome research and dissemination of empirically based treatment for alcohol use disorders. The immediate goals of motivational interventions include empathizing with the client's perspective, resolution of the client's ambivalence about change, and reinforcing the client's statements about change. It is found that cognitive behavioral approaches are more effective when delivered in the context of a comprehensive treatment program and when working with individuals with less severe alcohol dependence. The community reinforcement approach (CRA) employs familial, social-recreational, and vocational rewards to assist in the recovery process. CRA emphasizes the development of skills to assist in employment, relationships, and recreation. Social skills training prepares clients to better navigate relationships with others by training clients in communication skills, assertiveness, or drink refusal techniques. Relapse prevention teaches clients cognitive–behavioral skills for the management of drinking problems and coping with high-risk situations to minimizing the likelihood of a return to patterns of problematic drinking. It is suggested that to be maximally effective, training for substance abuse treatment providers should be embedded in a larger intervention focused on external, systemic influences.
Exploring the Relationship between Urban Quiet Areas and Perceived Restorative Benefits

To help mitigate the adverse health impacts of environmental noise, European cities are recommended to identify urban quiet areas for preservation. Procedures for identifying urban quiet areas vary across cities and between countries, and little is known of the strength of the salutogenic (health-promoting) benefits they may provide. Taking a multi-site approach, this study examines the potential of three sites as urban quiet areas and their associated health benefits, particularly in relation to perceived restorative benefits. Across three cities in the United Kingdom, an urban garden, urban park, and an urban square had sound pressure levels measured. Responses from 151 visitors to these sites evaluated the place as quiet, calm, and tranquil, and assessed their experience of the place in terms of perceived sounds, its benefits, how it made them feel, and perceived restoration. Depending on the criteria used, the sites varied in their suitability as urban quiet areas, although all provided perceived health benefits. Relationships between sound levels (subjective and objective) and perceived restoration were not linear, with the type of sounds heard and other aspects of the place experience believed to affect the relationship. Building on this work, a future experimental approach based on the study sites is planned to manipulate the multiple variables involved. This will provide a clearer understanding of the relationship between urban quiet areas and perceived restorative benefits.
Toward 100,000-Pixel Microcalorimeter Arrays Using Multi-absorber Transition-Edge Sensors

We report on the development of multi-absorber transition-edge sensors (TESs), referred to as ‘hydras’. A hydra consists of multiple X-ray absorbers each with a different thermal conductance to a TES. Position information is encoded in the pulse shape. With some trade-off in performance, hydras enable very large format arrays without the prohibitive increase in bias and readout components associated with arrays of individual TESs. Hydras are under development for the next generation of space telescope such as Lynx. Lynx is a NASA concept under study that will combine a < 1″ angular resolution optic with 100,000-pixel microcalorimeter array with energy resolution of ΔEFWHM ~ 3 eV in the soft X-ray energy range. We present first results from hydras with 25-pixels for Lynx. Designs with absorbers on a 25 μm and 50 μm pitch are studied. Arrays incorporate, for the first time, microstrip buried wiring layers of suitable pitch and density required to readout a full-scale Lynx array. The resolution from the coadded energy histogram including all 25-pixels was ΔEFWHM = 1.66 ± 0.02 eV and 3.34 ± 0.06 eV at an energy of 1.5 keV for the 25 μm and 50 μm absorber designs, respectively. Position discrimination is demonstrated from parameterization of the rise-time.
Rolf Huisgen (1920–2020)

Rolf Huisgen left us on 26 March 2020, just three months shy of his 100th birthday. His work has had an enormous influence on chemical biology, ranging from new methods for the synthesis of chemical probes to “click chemistry” and its application to in vivo bioconjugation.
In Silico Drug Design for Purinergic GPCRs: Overview on Molecular Dynamics Applied to Adenosine and P2Y Receptors

Molecular modeling has contributed to drug discovery for purinergic GPCRs, including adenosine receptors (ARs) and P2Y receptors (P2YRs). Experimental structures and homology modeling have proven to be useful in understanding and predicting structure activity relationships (SAR) of agonists and antagonists. This review provides an excursus on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations applied to ARs and P2YRs. The binding modes of newly synthesized A1AR- and A3AR-selective nucleoside derivatives, potentially of use against depression and inflammation, respectively, have been predicted to recapitulate their SAR and the species dependence of A3AR affinity. P2Y12R and P2Y1R crystallographic structures, respectively, have provided a detailed understanding of the recognition of anti-inflammatory P2Y14R antagonists and a large group of allosteric and orthosteric antagonists of P2Y1R, an antithrombotic and neuroprotective target. MD of A2AAR (an anticancer and neuroprotective target), A3AR, and P2Y1R has identified microswitches that are putatively involved in receptor activation. The approach pathways of different ligands toward A2AAR and P2Y1R binding sites have also been explored. A1AR, A2AAR, and A3AR were utilizes to study allosteric phenomena, but locating the binding site of structurally diverse allosteric modulators, such as an A3AR enhancer LUF6000, is challenging. Ligand residence time, a predictor of in vivo efficacy, and the structural role of water were investigated through A2AAR MD simulations. Thus, new MD and other modeling algorithms have contributed to purinergic GPCR drug discovery.
No evidence that crayfish carcasses produce detectable environmental DNA (eDNA) in a stream enclosure experiment.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool for monitoring invasive and imperiled species, particularly at low densities. However, the factors that control eDNA production, transport, and persistence in aquatic systems remain poorly understood. For example, the extent to which carcasses produce detectable eDNA is unknown. If positive detections are associated with dead organisms, this could confound monitoring for imperiled or invasive species. Here, we present results from one of the first studies to examine carcass eDNA in situ by deploying carcasses of the invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in a stream enclosure experiment for 28 days. We predicted that carcasses would initially produce eDNA that would decline over time as carcasses decayed. Unsurprisingly, crayfish carcasses lost biomass over time, but at the conclusion of our experiment much of the carapace and chelae remained. However, no eDNA of P. clarkii was detected in any of our samples at the crayfish density (15 P. clarkii carcasses at ∼615 g of biomass initially), stream flow (520-20,319 L/s), or temperature (∼14-25 °C) at our site. Subsequent analyses demonstrated that these results were not the consequence of PCR inhibition in our field samples, poor performance of the eDNA assay for intraspecific genetic diversity within P. clarkii, or due to the preservation and extraction procedure used. Therefore, our results suggest that when crayfish are relatively rare, such as in cases of new invasive populations or endangered species, carcasses may not produce detectable eDNA. In such scenarios, positive detections from field studies may be more confidently attributed to the presence of live organisms. We recommend that future studies should explore how biomass, flow, and differences in system (lentic vs. lotic) influence the ability to detect eDNA from carcasses.
Potential Flow Through Cascades of Thin, Impermeable Aerofoils

Potential flow past a periodic array of bodies is commonplace in a large range of fluid mechanical problems. For example, the flow through a rotor cascade in aerodynamics [20], the flow through structured porous materials [8], and the flow around large schools of fish [24]. Within these applications it is not merely the potential flow through the structure that must be calculated but also the complicated interactions between unsteady perturbations to the flow (such as turbulence) and the structures themselves.
Routes of the Upper Branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation according to an Ocean State Estimate.

The origins of the upper branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are traced with backward-in-time Lagrangian trajectories, quantifying the partition of volume transport between different routes of entry from the Indo-Pacific into the Atlantic. Particles are advected by the velocity field from a recent release of "Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean" (ECCOv4). This global time-variable velocity field is a dynamically consistent interpolation of over 1 billion oceanographic observations collected between 1992 and 2015. Of the 13.6 Sverdrups (1 Sv = 106 m3/s) flowing northward across 6°S, 15% enters the Atlantic from Drake Passage, 35% enters from the straits between Asia and Australia (Indonesian Throughflow), and 49% comes from the region south of Australia (Tasman Leakage). Because of blending in the Agulhas region, water mass properties in the South Atlantic are not a good indicator of origin.
Mismatch Repair, Long/Short Patch

Bacteria and eukaryotes use similar DNA mismatch repair (MMR) systems to promote genomic stability by repairing mismatches generated during DNA replication and recombination and/or by reducing mutations caused by DNA damage. Long-patch repair systems involve a long-patch excision and resynthesis (up to hundreds or thousands of nucleotides) and recognize a variety of base/base mismatches and short insertion/deletion loops. This MMR is directed to unmethylated daughter strands in Escherichia coli and to strands containing nicks in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic MMR also plays significant role in recombination, triplet-repeat expansion, and immunoglobin diversity. Short-patch repair systems have a repair tract shorter than 15 nucleotides and are dictated by the nature of the mismatches. Bacterial MutY and eukaryotic MutY homologs (MYHs or MUTYHs) are adenine DNA glycosylases involved in base excision repair which prevents mutations associated with oxidized guanines. The MutY/MYH pathway is coupled with DNA replication, cooperates with the long-patch MMR pathway and coordinated with DNA damage response to ensure accurate and timely DNA repair. Both bacteria and eukaryotes have short-patch repair pathways to remove T from T/G mismatch caused by the deamination of 5-methylcytosine. Cells defective in MMR have higher mutation rate and human individuals bearing germline mutations in MMR genes are prone to cancer and other diseases. Information gleaned from studies of MMR can help to more effectively prevent, diagnose, and treat tumors.