cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The association between social ties and depression among Asian and Pacific Islander undocumented young adults.

The mental health of Asian and Pacific Islander (API) undocumented young adults has been understudied, despite an increasingly restrictive immigration climate that would ostensibly raise mental health risks. This study examined the role of social ties and depression among API undocumented young adults. We distinguished between two types of social ties, bonding and bridging, and additionally considered the absence of ties (e.g. isolation). We used primary data collected among 143 API undocumented young adults. We first identified correlates for each type of social tie and then examined the association for each measure with depression. Higher levels of bonding and bridging ties were associated with lower odds of a positive depression screen. In contrast, isolation was associated with higher odds of a positive depression screen. There were no significant associations between total social ties and depression. Our findings suggest that both bonding and bridging ties are important factors in the mental health of API undocumented young adults. Factors that facilitate these types of ties, such as DACA, can be effective interventions for improving mental health among this population.
Real-time characterisation of interfacial response of X52 steel under slow strain rate deformation in high-pH carbonate–bicarbonate solution

The effects of elastic and plastic strain on interfacial behaviour of X52 steel in high-pH solution are studied using slow strain rate tensile testing and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EI...
Gene Expression Meta-Analysis Reveals Interferon-induced Genes

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) corona virus (CoV) infections are a serious public health threat because of their pandemic-causing potential. This work analyzes mRNA expression data from SARS infections through meta-analysis of gene signatures, possibly identifying therapeutic targets associated with major SARS infections. Methods: This work defines 37 gene signatures representing SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV2 infections in human lung cultures and/or mouse lung cultures or samples and compares them through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). To do this, positive and negative infectious clone SARS (icSARS) gene panels are defined from GSEA-identified leading-edge genes between two icSARS-CoV derived signatures, both from human cultures. GSEA then is used to assess enrichment and identify leading-edge icSARS panel genes between icSARS gene panels and 27 other SARS-CoV gene signatures. The meta-analysis is expanded to include five MERS-CoV and three SARS-CoV2 gene signatures. Genes associated with SARS infection are predicted by examining the intersecting membership of GSEA-identified leading-edges across gene signatures. Results: Significant enrichment (GSEA p
PRIMARY EXTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMA OF THE MANDIBLE: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF THIS RARE PRESENTATION

Meningiomas are common benign neoplasms developing within the central nervous system and arise from the meningothelial cells. Extracranial (ectopic) meningiomas are rare and may represent an extracranial extension of an intracranial meningioma or distant metastasis from a primary intracranial meningioma, or they may originate from arachnoid cells in the sheaths of the cranial nerves that are exiting the skull through the foramina or sutures. Ectopic meningiomas can also arise as true primary extracranial meningiomas originating from ectopic arachnoid lining cells or multipotential mesenchymal cells. Primary extracranial meningiomas occurring in the jaws are extremely rare, with only 11 reported cases (2 cases in the maxilla and 9 cases in the mandible) in the literature. The infrequent occurrence of this entity presenting in this unusual location of the jaws often poses a diagnostic challenge to the oral pathologist, resulting in misdiagnosis. We present the 10th mandibular case of extracranial meningioma involving the right side of the mandible in a 56-year-old female patient. The clinical and radiographic presentation, histopathologic features, and histopathologic differential and immunohistochemical findings of this case are presented. The proposed pathogenesis, treatment options, and prognosis are also discussed along with a review of the literature.
Characteristics of the vegetative growth of Bacillus popilliae.

Growth characteristics of the insect pathogen, Bacillus popilliae Dutky, were studied by propagation in shaken flasks and in 2-liter fermentors. Maximal populations between 5 × 108 and 2 × 109 viable cells per milliliter of culture medium routinely were obtained in incubation periods of 18 to 24 hr at 30 C in a medium composed of 1.5% yeast extract, 0.6% K2HPO4, and 0.2% glucose or trehalose. The carbohydrate required for growth in liquid media was fermented with the formation of 2 meq of acid per mmole of carbohydrate utilized; acid products ordinarily were not subsequently metabolized. B. popilliae is an aerobe, and the amount of growth obtained varied with aeration to an optimum at oxygen absorption rates of about 0.5. Maximal populations persist in a culture for periods of only 1 to 4 hr; cessation of growth was followed immediately by rapid death of cultures, so that less than 1% of the cells remained viable after 48 hr, and viability often was lost entirely by the end of 72 hr of incubation. No cytological evidence for spore formation was observed under any growth condition. Death was not associated with lysis of the cells, although extensive granulation ultimately occurred. Continuous neutralizaiton, augmented buffering, various techniques of dialysis, or slow feeding of the carbohydrate did not markedly alleviate the characteristic death of the cultures. Images
From Tessellations to Table Interpretation

The extraction of the relations of nested table headers to content cells is automated with a view to constructing narrow domain ontologies of semi-structured web data. A taxonomy of tessellations for displaying tabular data is developed. X-Y tessellations that can be obtained by a divide-and-conquer method are asymptotically only an infinitesimal fraction of all partitions of a rectangle into rectangles. Admissible tessellations are the even smaller subset of all partitions that correspond to the structures of published tables and that contain only rectangles produced by successive guillotine cuts. Many of these can be processed automatically. Their structures can be conveniently represented by X-Y trees, which facilitate relating hierarchical row and column headings to content cells. A formal grammar is proposed for characterizing the X-Y trees of layout-equivalent admissible tessellations. Algorithms are presented for transforming a tessellation into an X-Y tree and hence into multidimensional, layout- independent Category Trees (Wang abstract data types).
Interactional Justice, Negotiator Outcome Satisfaction, and Desire for Future Negotiations: R-E-S-P-E-C-T at the Negotiating Table

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between procedural, interpersonal, informational, and distributive justice and negotiator outcome satisfaction and desire for future negotiations (DFNs).Design/methodology/approach – This research invokes and builds theories suggesting a link between perceptions of fair treatment and counterfactual generation. Data come from freely interacting negotiating dyads comprised of undergraduate students.Findings – One's own outcomes obtained, procedural, informational, and distributive justice perceptions each uniquely predicted negotiator outcome satisfaction. Procedural and informational justice perceptions also indirectly affected outcome satisfaction through their effect on distributive justice perceptions. In turn, outcome satisfaction, and informational and interpersonal justice perceptions each uniquely predicted DFNs.Research limitations/implications – While this study reveals an important set of effects for study, it is correlational in nature. Futur...
Higher-dimensional computational models of perceptual grouping and silhouette analysis and representation

In the following thesis, I describe the investigation of two problems related to the organization and structural analysis of visual information: perceptual grouping and silhouette analysis and representation. For the problem of perceptual grouping, an intuitive model framework was developed which operates on raw images and locates relevant groupings utilizing a higher dimensional space that contains not only the two spatial dimensions of the image but one or more dimension corresponding to relevant image features such as luminance, hue, or orientation. A psychophysical experiment was run to measure how human visual observers perform perceptual grouping across a variety of spatial scales and luminance differences. These results were compared with the predictions of our grouping model, and the model was able to capture much of the grouping behavior of the human subjects. A second experiment was run in which the perception of groups was disrupted by the presence of noise or shifts in brightness. Though the experiments showed only small effects resulting from these disruptions on the behavior of human subjects, the model was still able to successfully capture much of the image-to-image variability. For the question of silhouette representation and analysis, I suggest that human silhouette representation may be inextricably tied to 3D interpretation of 2D shapes. To support this, I propose a novel algorithm for 2D silhouette inflation called Puffball, which closely matches human intuition for a variety of simple shapes and can be run on almost any input. Using this algorithm, a new model of human part segmentation was derived using 2D-to-3D inflation; this model was evaluated against human-generated part segmentations and two competing part segmentation algorithms. Across a variety of different analyses, Puffball part segmentation performed as well or better than its competitors, suggesting a potential role for 2D-to-3D inflation in the segmentation of silhouette parts. Finally, I suggest several avenues of research which may further illuminate the role of inflation in the human representation and analysis of 2D and 3D shape. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Cerebrospinal fluid shunting and hearing loss in patients treated for medulloblastoma.

Object Cerebrospinal fluid shunting has previously been associated with hearing loss. Although the mechanism for this is unclear, it is thought that changes in CSF pressure can affect cochlear physiology via endolymph expansion in the setting of a patent cochlear aqueduct. Patients undergoing radiation and cisplatin chemotherapy are at risk for hearing loss. The authors hypothesized that the incidence and severity of hearing loss in patients undergoing radiation and chemotherapy for medulloblastoma would be greater in those with shunts than in those without shunts. Methods Baseline and longitudinal audiology data were collected in 33 patients with medulloblastoma who were receiving radiation and cisplatin chemotherapy. Additional data included age, sex, details of shunt placement and revision, and details of chemotherapy and radiation. Hearing sensitivity and peripheral auditory function measures included pure tone audiometry, immittance audiometry, and distortion product evoked otoacoustic emissions. Oto...
An electronic stroll through the global village

This paper is a semi-random walk through Usenet News, a bulletin board system that exists on the vast Internet computer network. Interaction in such a medium is an interesting hybrid of speech and writing, of monologue and dialogue and sometimes an open shouting match in a crowded room. Those who are intrigued by these matters will be able to see a number of research areas exposed in this frankly anecdotal paper. In addition to being anecdotal, this paper is a work of participatory observation. In fact, I occasionally let it be known that I was observing the sociology and rhetoric of the newsgroups. The natives appeared unimpressed.
Are there racial disparities in the use of restraints and outcomes after motor vehicle collisions in Los Angeles County

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) continue to be a leading cause of traumatic death, yet there is a paucity of data regarding racial/ethnic differences in injury severity, use of restraints, and outcomes. This study determines whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in adult MVC victims. A retrospective review of patients (age older than 18 years) involved in MVC in Los Angeles County from 2004 to 2009 was performed. Main outcome measures were hospital length of stay, mortality, and complication rate. Independent variables evaluated included race/ethnicity, use of restraints, age, gender, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Glasgow Coma Scale. During the 5-year study period, 22,444 patients were involved in an MVC in Los Angeles County. Overall restraint use was 69 per cent, lowest in blacks (67%) and Hispanics (68%). Mortality and morbidity rates were both 3 per cent for all racial/ethnic groups. On multivariable analysis, higher ISS, older age, male gender, not wearing a seatbelt, and being Asian increased the risk of death. In conclusion, our study demonstrated racial/ethnic differences in MVC victims, particularly identifying that Hispanics and blacks were less likely to be restrained and thus could be the target of future injury prevention programs. Language: en
Solid State Physics: ELECTRONS IN METALS

While metallic conduction has attracted considerable interest for a long time, a clear knowledge of the character of electron dynamics in metals has emerged surprisingly recently. In this chapter we shall follow the historical sequence in first examining simple free electron models, for which it was supposed that atoms in metals could liberate their outer electrons to produce an electron “gas” for random thermal motion and contributions to conduction. These models explained a number of important metallic properties, but raised a new set of questions, which remained unanswerable until it was realized that this electron gas moves through space also occupied by a periodic array of positively charged atomic cores. The periodic nature of a crystal lattice has often been emphasized in the last two chapters. In this chapter we shall see that the periodicity of the ion core array produces an electrostatic field distribution which profoundly affects the relationship between energy and momentum for a mobile electron. We call this relationship the “band theory of solids.” In addition to permitting a more realistic picture of metallic conduction, band theory explains why many solids have insulating or semiconducting properties. As a curious consequence, advances in the understanding of semiconducting and insulating solids were very rapid during the 1940's and 1950's, and we might well say that by the mid 1950's some simple semiconductors were better understood than any metals. The pendulum has started to swing back since that time, and with the development of highly sophisticated experimental techniques there has been a lively resurgence of interest in metals.
Molecular simulations of neat, hydrated, and phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazoles. Part 1: Poly(2,2′-m-phenylene-5,5′-bibenzimidazole) (PBI), poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI), and poly(p-phenylene benzobisimidazole) (PBDI)

Abstract Results of atomistic simulations of three polybenzimidazoles—poly(2,2′- m -phenylene-5,5′-bibenzimidazole) (PBI), poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI), and poly( p -phenylene benzobisimidazole) (PBDI)—are reported in this communication. The effect of hydration and phosphoric acid (PA)-doping on the properties of these polybenzimidazoles have been studied. Densities and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of the neat and PA-doped polybenzimidazoles agree well with available experimental results. Hydrogen bonding was examined in two ways. Radial distribution functions (RDFs) were used to measure bond lengths and the quantities of distinct types of bonds were counted. Both methods agree well with each other and indicate the strength of hydrogen bonding is mainly determined by the donor. Donor strength decreases in the order PA > water > polybenzimidazole. In the case that donors are the same, the hydroxyl oxygen atom in PA acting as acceptor forms the strongest hydrogen bond compared to other types of hydrogen acceptors. In addition, results suggest that PBI is less hydrophilic and has a lower affinity towards PA than either ABPBI or PBDI.
A validity analysis of selected instruments used to assess autism

Differentiating autism from other handicapping conditions, especially mental retardation, has been a constant problem for public schools. This study investigated the effectiveness of three instruments to discriminate autistic from trainable mentally retarded children. The Autism Screening Instrument for Educational Planning, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and the Diagnostic Checklist for Behavior Disturbed Children, Form E-2 were administered to 20 autistic and 20 TMR students. Discriminant analysis was used to determine the best linear combination of scores that would separate the two groups of children. All three instruments were found to separate the two samples of children. However, the CARS and the ASIEP provided for a greater separation of groups.
Chondrocyte metabolism as affected by vitamin A.

Chondrocytes from 13-day-old embryonic chick sterna were cultured for 6 days in the presence of vitamin A (10 I.U./ml). Vitamin A treated chondrocytes became flattened and stellate within the first 24 hours of culture. After 6 days of culture, the treated cells contained 59% less DNA than the untreated controls. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis was inhibited 84%, and a greater percentage of GAG was secreted into the medium (90%) than in control cultures (78%). Vitamin A inhibited cell proliferation, and to varying degrees, RNA and protein synthesis, and these effects are dose dependent.
Contraction of gaussian basis sets and the total energy of fcc copper

A brief survey of contraction schemes for atomic, molecular, and solid-state calculations is presented. General guidelines for a simple application of the LCAO contraction procedure to solids are described with emphasis on subtle differences with the cases of atoms and molecules. By means of Wang and Callaway's program package, test computations are performed on fcc copper to produce non-self-consistent and self-consistent results. The electronic energies, densities of states, and x-ray scattering form factors compare satisfactorily with experimental results as well as with data obtained by Bagayoko et al. using a basis of 75 functions. The advantages of the contraction procedure include a factor of 6.8 savings in CPU time and a significant reduction in storage requirements. An extended version of the program package is used to compute the total energy of fcc copper for various lattice constants by a method recently introduced by Callaway and co-workers.
IN SITU EXAMINATION OF URANIUM CONTAMINATED SOIL PARTICLES BY MICRO-X-RAY ABSORPTION AND MICRO-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIES

Two complimentary spectroscopic techniques, X-ray absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy have been conducted at spatial scales of 1 to 25 μm on uranium contaminated soil sediments collected from two former nuclear materials processing facilities of the DOE: Fernald, OH and Savannah River Site, SC. A method of imbedding particles in a non-reactive Si polymer was developed such that individual particles could be examined before and after extraction with a wide range of chemicals typically used in sequential extraction techniques and others proposed forex situ chemical intervention technologies. Using both the micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and micro-X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) techniques, both elemental and oxidation state distribution maps were generated on individual particles before and following chemical extraction. XANES can determine the relative proportion of U(VI) and U(IV) in phases comprising individual particles before and after extraction and showed that greater than 85% of the uranium existed as hexavalent U(VI). Fluorescence spectra of contaminated particles containing mainly U(VI) revealed populations of uranyl hydroxide phases and demonstrated the relative efficacy and specificity of each extraction method. Correlation of XAS and fluorescence data at micron scales provides information of U oxidation state as well as chemical form in heterogeneous samples.
Arachidonic acid's role in the pathology and physiology of pregnancy and labor.

Abstract A theory relating uterine contractions to circulating levels of NEAA during pregnancy is supported by circumstantial evidence (Fig. 3). Alterations in NEFA and AA levels and metabolism may be responsible for the hypertension, vasospasm, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, ease of inducibility, and hepatic dysfunction which can occur in preeclampsia (Fig. 5).
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME AND POTENTIAL FOR ACADEMIC DIFFICULTIES IN ECMO SURVIVORS AT FIVE YEARS OF AGE † 1192

Introduction. Neurodevelopmental outcome studies of school age children who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a newborn due to severe cardiorespiratory failure suggest that these children are at greater risk for learning disabilities and mental retardation than in the general population. In an attempt to further clarify the nature of potential learning disabilities of children who received ECMO, we assessed the neurodevelopmental status of our ECMO survivors at five years of age.
Atrial pacing and thallium 201 scintigraphy: combined use for diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

To evaluate the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial pacing and thallium 201 scintigraphy were performed in 36 patients with stable angina pectoris who were unable to perform an adequate exercise stress test. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization. Nine patients had previously undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. Significant CAD (one or more lesions ≥ 50%) was present in 33 patients. Atrial pacing produced ischemic ST segment depression (≥1 mm) in 18 (55%) patients with CAD, and angina in 20 patients (61%). As the number of vessels with CAD increased, there was no significant change in the sensitivities of pacing-induced angina or ST segment depression for detecting CAD. In the 3 patients without CAD, ST segment depression occurred in 1 patient and angina in none. Thallium 201 scintigraphy demonstrated perfusion defects in 27 (82%) patients with CAD, with fixed defects seen in 13 studies (39%) and reversible defects in 15 (45%). In the 3 patients without CAD, no perfusion defects...
Academic Opportunity in Anthropology, 1975-901

Since 1960 there has been a steady decline in the number of children born each year in the United States. As a result, the number of eighteen- to twenty-one-year-old adults will decline from approximately seventeen million in 1980 to fourteen million in 1990. Even with an increasing percentage of college entrances, there will still be a large decrease in the college student population. New faculty will not be required, and even “growth” disciplines such as anthropology will suffer severely from the lack of available academic positions for new Ph.D. 's. Anthropology, which has had a rapid increase in the number of Ph.D.'s awarded yearly, will even by the most optimistic projections be unable to accommodate the large majority of new Ph.D.'s after 1982 in college or university positions. It appears most likely that the Ph.D.'s who are not able to find academic positions will be able to find employment in administrative and staff positions.
Heat transfer analysis of viscoelastic fluid flow due to metachronal wave of cilia

This study describes ciliary motion on the transport of fluids in human body with heat transfer. The mathematical model of the flow of a Jeffrey fluid in a tube of finite length is considered due to metachronal wave of cilia motion. Flow equations have been modeled and simplified using similarity variables. Exact solutions of the formulated problem have been obtained for velocity, temperature and pressure gradient and graphs for velocity, pressure rise, pressure gradient and temperature profile have been plotted and studied for different values of specific physical parameters. Trapping phenomena and isotherms are presented at the end of the paper.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Thermal Conduction in Nanoporous Thin Films

Molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conduction in nanoporous thin films are performed. Thermal conductivity displays an inverse temperature dependence for films with small pores and a much less pronounced dependence for larger pores. Increasing porosity reduces thermal conductivity, while pore shape has little effect except in the most anisotropic cases. The pores separate the film into local regions with distinctly different temperature profiles and thermal conductivities, and the effective film thermal conductivity is lowest when the pores are positioned in the center of the film. Such tunability by pore placement highlights new possibilities for engineering nanoscale thermal transport.
A characterization of Gaussian law in Hilbert space

In the present paper the main result is the following: Let ℋ be a real separable Hilbert space. LetX andY be two independently distributed random variables taking values in ℋ. Then the random variablesX+Y andX−Y are independently distributed if and only if each ofX andY follows a Gaussian law. The proof of the above result depends on the solution of a functional equation in the general framework of a real separable Hilbert space.
Corrosion and Environment-Assisted Cracking Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Al 2195 and Al 2219 Alloys

The friction stir welding (FSW) process has been evaluated for application on the Al 2195 cryogenic tank of the Space Transportation System. In the present study, the general corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of 2195 plates joined by FSW was investigated. Plates of Al 2219 joined by FSW were also tested for comparison purposes along with Al 2195 and Al 2219 plates joined by the variable polarity plasma arc welding method. The general corrosion, SCC and pitting behavior of FSW AI 2195 and AI 2219 is presented and discussed.
Coal gasification studies. Part III. Reduction in the presence of some metal iodides and iron halides

Abstract Coal has been reduced at 600°C with H2 (1700–3000 p.s.i.) in the presence of (1) iodides of the metals Fe, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sn and Zn, and (2) the halides of iron, FeX3 (X = F, Cl, Br and I), as potential catalysts, CH4, C2H4 and C3H8 were the only hydrocarbon reaction products. With the possible exception of ZnI2, for which the results are somewhat equivocal, there is no reason to believe the iodides of these metals have significant catalytic effect on coal reduction. Rather, they act solely as a source of iodine which is the true catalytic agent. FeF3 shows no catalytic activity in the reduction process, whereas the other iron halides apparently do, the order of effectiveness being FeI3 > FeBr3 > FeCl3. Thermodynamic data are used to show that in part, at least, the effectiveness of these compounds as catalysts is probably associated with the equilibrium HX ⇌ H + X (X = I, Br, Cl, and F) which produces a small finite steady state concentration of reactive H atoms in the system. The latter, in the HF system, is too low to have any significant effect on the reduction. The results of experiments on the reduction of some pure saturated aliphatic and aromatic compounds with H2O + Fe + I2 are described.
A characterization of cubic lattice graphs

Abstract A cubic lattice graph may be defined as a graph G, whose vertices can be identified with ordered triplets on n symbols, such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding triplets have two common symbols, in the same positions. If d(x, y) denotes the distance between two vertices x and y and Δ (x,y) denotes the number of vertices adjacent to both x and y, then a cubic lattice graph G has the following properties: (b1) The number of vertices is n3. (b2) G is connected and regular of valence 3(n−1). (b3) G is edge-regular, with edge-degree n−2. (b4) Δ(x,y)=2, if d(x,y)=2. (b5) If d(x,y)=2, there exist exactly n−1 vertices z, adjacent to x such that d(y,z)=3. We show that, if n>7, then any graph G (without loops and with utmost one edge connecting two vertices) having the properties (b1)−(b5) must be a cubic lattice graph.
The effect of dopamine, atropine, phenylephrine and cardiac pacing on oxygen consumption during fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in the dog

In animals deeply anaesthetized with fentanyl and nitrous oxide the artierial blood pressure and heart rate were increased using dopamine, atropine, electrical pacing and phenylephrine in order to study the accompanying change in whole body oxygen consumption. Seven dogs (16–24 kg) were anaesthetized with fentanyl 1 μg · kg-1 · min-1. After completing instrumentation a dopamine infusion was started at a rate of 39 μg · kg-1 · min-1. After the mean blood pressure reached 18.6 kPa the infusion was reduced to 10 μg · kg-1 · min-1 and maintained for 10 minutes. After waiting 45 minutes an infusion of atropine 20 μg · kg-1 · min-1 was started and when the heart rate reached 120 b/min the infusion was slowed to 1.25 μg · kg-1 ’ · min-1 and maintained for 10 minutes. Twenty-five minutes later the heart rate was increased to 150 beats/min and maintained at that level for 10 minutes using electrical pacing. The pacing was removed and an infusion of phenylephrine 5 μg·kg-1·min-1 was started. When the blood pressure reached 21.3 kPa the infusion was reduced to 2.5 μg · kg-1· min-1 and maintained for 10 minutes. The results show increases in oxygen consumption of 14 per cent with dopamine, 19 per cent with atropine, 16 per cent with pacing, and 14 per cent with phenylephrine. All changes were significantly different from the control values. The magnitude of change in whole body oxygen consumption was best predicted by either the cardiac output x blood pressure product or by the cardiac output alone.
Interaction of Model Lipid Vesicles with Alveolar Macrophages

Macrophages are a type of white blood cells that play key roles in host defense by recognizing and engulfing foreign and apoptotic bodies. To accomplish this task, they rely on complex molecular interactions involving both lipids and proteins. Previous studies have shown that surface exposure of phosphatidylserine by apoptotic cells is required for their successful clearance, suggesting specific lipid-protein interactions at least for the initiation of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. However, macrophages can engulf foreign and apoptotic bodies that substantially vary in size suggesting that non-specific interactions over a range of length scales may be relevant. The purpose of our study is to investigate the correlation between physical properties of lipid bilayers and their engulfment by macrophages. We modify bilayer properties systematically as a function of phospholipid headgroup composition and by addition of ceramide and cholesterol. We use a combination of scattering and spectroscopic methods to quantify lipid interactions and flow cytometry to measure engulfment rates. This study can help distinguish between the role of lipids and proteins in clearance of apoptotic and foreign particles.Mentor: Horia I. Petrache, Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Funding from NSF Undergraduate Research and Mentoring in Biological Sciences Program is gratefully acknowledged.
Inhibition by ethanol of rat P2X4 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes

The effect of ethanol on the function of P2X4 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes was studied using two-electrode voltage-clamp recording. The amplitude of current activated by 1 μM ATP was decreased by ethanol in a concentration-dependent manner over the concentration range 1–500 mM. The concentration of ethanol that produced 50% inhibition (IC50) of current activated by 1 μM ATP was 58 mM. Ethanol inhibition of ATP-activated current was not dependent on membrane potential from −60 to +20 mV, and ethanol did not change the reversal potential of ATP-activated current. Ethanol, 50 mM, shifted the ATP concentration-response curve to the right, increasing the EC50 for ATP from 9.1 to 16.0 μM, but did not reduce the maximal response to ATP. The results suggest that ethanol may inhibit P2X4 receptors by decreasing the apparent affinity of the binding site for ATP. Since the P2X4 receptor is the most abundant P2X subunit in the brain, these receptors could be important effectors of ethanol action in the central nervous system. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 130, 1394–1398; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703439
Two bonded half planes with a crack going through the interface

The plane problem of two bonded elastic half planes containing a finite crack perpendicular to and going through the interface is considered. The problem is formulated as a system of singular integral equations with generalized Cauchy kernels. Even though the system has three irregular points, it is shown that the unknown functions are algebraically related at the irregular point on the interface and the integral equations can be solved by a method developed previously. The system of integral equations is shown to yield the same characteristic equation as that for two bonded quarter planes in the general case of the through crack, and the characteristic equation for a crack tip terminating at the interface in the special case. The numerical results given in the paper include the stress intensity factors at the crack tips, the normal and shear components of the stress intensity factors at the singular point on the interface, and the crack surface displacements.
What are the prospects for a higher-order stimulus theory of perception?

.— Gibson has advocated a pure higher-order stimulus theory of perception. Johansson has agreed that the stimuli for perception are higher order variables of stimulation. However, unlike Gibson, Johansson assigns an important role to decoding principles in determining perception. Evidence is reviewed to show that percept-percept relations are involved in perception. On this ground it was argued that the prospects for a successful pure-stimulus theory are poor and that Johansson's views should be elaborated to include various types of decoding principles.
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy: applications, current status and limitations

Abstract Over the last 10 years, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) has become a versatile laboratory technique for measuring second-order elastic constants and ultrasonic attenuation in solids. The technique is based on measuring the spectrum of mechanical resonances for a sample of known shape (usually a parallelepiped). This spectrum cannot be deconvoluted to deduce the elastic constants. Instead, an approximate spectrum is calculated from the known sample dimensions, its mass, and a set of ‘guessed’ elastic constants. A multidimensional minimization of the error between the measured and calculated spectra enables deducing all the elastic constants of the solid from a single frequency scan. Currently, the technique can be applied to crystals of orthorhombic symmetry (9 elastic constants) or higher using desktop computers and software developed for this purpose.
Midterm Results for Collaborative Treatment of Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum

Background We report a single-institution experience using a collaborative surgical and catheter-based approach to the initial treatment of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all neonates admitted with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum from 1996 to March 2007. Results We identified 24 patients with a mean age at first intervention of 4.5 days with mean follow-up of 6.05 years (range, 1.9 to 12.7 years). Initial palliation was determined by right ventricular size, morphology, and presence or absence of right ventricular–dependent coronary circulation. Initial catheter-based pulmonary valve perforation and valvuloplasty was performed in 41.7% (10 of 24 patients; group A), and 58.3% (14 of 24 patients) had an initial systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt (group B). Tricuspid valve size was significantly smaller in group B (median z-score, −0.52 group A versus −2.40 group B; p ω 0.001). Placement of a shunt after valvuloplasty in group A was required in 70.0% (7 of 10 patients). There was no mortality in group A, and 70.0% (7 of 10 patients) are in a two-ventricle pathway and 30.0% (3 of 10 patients) are in a 1.5-ventricle pathway. Group B had mortality of 14.3% (2 of 14 patients), both within 5 days of surgery. All group B patients remain in a single-ventricle pathway. Overall survival is 91.7% (22 of 24 patients). Conclusions An individualized approach to this complex lesion has good results. If the right ventricle can be safely decompressed and appears usable, the need for a shunt after valvuloplasty does not preclude two-ventricle (or 1.5-ventricle) repair. Anatomy mandating a shunt as initial palliation has substantial early mortality.
Literature and Public Administration Ethics

Interest in professional ethics education for public administrators has been booming for the past two decades, and teaching public administration ethics entails a variety of approaches. This articl...
Anatomy of the anal canal with attention to the clinical management of symptomatic hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are normal anatomic structures that aid in the maintenance of fecal continence. The name hemorrhoid includes structures proximal and distal to the anal canal. These structures can manifest a variety of conditions resulting in pruritus, pain, bleeding, and mucous discharge. The anatomy of the anal canal is reviewed with emphasis on structures and relationships that bear on the clinical management of symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease. A brief history of the knowledge of anal anatomy is presented. The relationship of the vascular cushions, the surrounding structures, and their innervation that allows our current management is reviewed in detail.
Effect of exciton dissociation on the detectivity of carbon nanotube infrared detectors

Carbon-based nanostructures including nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have superior electronic, optoelectronic and mechanical properties, which provide fresh opportunities for designs of novel devices of extraordinary performance in addition to the benefits of low cost, large abundance, and light weight. In this work, a comparative study of two types of uncooled infrared detectors based single-wall as well as multi-wall CNTs and their hybrids with graphene or polymer is presented. One is bolometer in which excitons dissociate via interactions with the phonons on the CNTs. The other implements built-in voltage at the hybrid interface between CNTs and graphene (or polymer) to assist exciton dissociation for photoconductivity. The difference in exciton dissociation has been found to directly affect the device performance such as responsivity and detectivity. This investigation aims at understanding the fundamental physics governing exciton dissociation and charge as well as phonon transport at nanoscales and its impact on the device performance in these CNT-based infrared detectors.
Stripe like inhomogeneities, spectroscopies, pairing and coherence in the high Tc cuprates

Abstract It is found that the carriers of the high- T c cuprates are polaron-like ‘stripons’ carrying charge and located in stripe-like inhomogeneities, ‘quasi-electrons’ carrying charge and spin, and ‘svivons’ carrying spin and lattice distortion. This is shown to result in the observed anomalous spectroscopic properties of the cuprates. The AF/stripe-like inhomogeneities result from the Bose condensation of the svivon field, and the speed of their dynamics is determined by the width of the double-svivon neutron-resonance peak. Pairing results from transitions between pair states of stripons and quasi-electrons through the exchange of svivons. The obtained pairing symmetry is of the d x 2 − y 2 type; however, sign reversal through the charged stripes results in features not characteristic of this symmetry. The phase diagram is determined by a pairing and a coherence line, associated with a Mott transition, and the pseudogap state corresponds to incoherent pairing.
Investigation of folding in protamine by FTIR

Abstract The secondary structure of purified protamine, a non-specific DNA binding protein, was studied in solution at pH 4, 7 and 8 by FTIR. This permitted analysis of the folded form of the protein (acidic pH) as well as the folded conformers (neutral and basic pH). Hg2+ was utilized to probe the accessibility of the free thiol groups (cysteine residues). The SH groups form when disulfides, which play the major role in stabilizing the conformation of this protein, are broken. It was possible to observe different conformational states in protamine as a function of pH and the presence of Hg2+ via spectral changes primarily in the amide region. The results lead to the conclusion that protamine is not completely folded under conditions similar to those found in vivo (37°, neutral pH, phosphate buffer and high protein concentration).
Aerosol classification from airborne HSRL and comparisons with the CALIPSO vertical feature mask

Abstract. Aerosol classification products from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) on the NASA B200 aircraft are compared with coincident V3.01 aerosol classification products from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on the CALIPSO satellite. For CALIOP, aerosol classification is a key input to the aerosol retrieval, and must be inferred using aerosol loading-dependent observations and location information. In contrast, HSRL-1 makes direct measurements of aerosol intensive properties, including the lidar ratio, that provide information on aerosol type. In this study, comparisons are made for 109 underflights of the CALIOP orbit track. We find that 62% of the CALIOP marine layers and 54% of the polluted continental layers agree with HSRL-1 classification results. In addition, 80% of the CALIOP desert dust layers are classified as either dust or dusty mix byHSRL-1. However, agreement is less for CALIOP smoke (13%) and polluted dust (35%) layers. Specific case studies are examined, giving insight into the performance of the CALIOP aerosol type algorithm. In particular, we find that the CALIOP polluted dust type is overused due to an attenuation-related depolarization bias. Furthermore, the polluted dust type frequently includes mixtures of dust plus marine aerosol. Finally, we find that CALIOP's identification of internal boundaries between different aerosol types in contact with each other frequently do not reflect the actual transitions between aerosol types accurately. Based on these findings, we give recommendations which may help to improve the CALIOP aerosol type algorithms.
Comparative effects of in vitro ischemia on contractile responses of mouse and rat bladders to various forms of stimulation

Abstract Objectives To compare in an in vitro study the sensitivity of rat and mouse bladders to ischemia and reperfusion. Urinary bladder dysfunction is related to ischemia and reperfusion. Several studies have been conducted in which one animal model was used in the urinary bladder dysfunction experiments, but very few studies have compared the consequences of urinary bladder dysfunction in different species. Methods Male rats and mice were anesthetized and their bladders removed. Bladder strips were placed in 15-mL baths containing oxygenated Tyrode’s solution with glucose. Strips were stimulated by field stimulation, carbachol, and KCl, and the responses were recorded. Individual strips were switched for 1 hour to Tyrode’s with no glucose equilibrated with nitrogen. During this hour, one half of the strips received repetitive stimulation. After the 1 hour of ischemia, the strips were returned to Tyrode’s solution with glucose and oxygen for 1 hour without repetitive stimulation. The strips were restimulated as described above. Results The rat bladder generated significantly greater tension than the mouse bladder. The responses of the mouse, but not the rat, bladder strips were suppressed after repetitive field stimulation in normal solution. In both species, the responses were suppressed under ischemic conditions with or without repetitive stimulation. The responses of the mouse bladders were more sensitive to ischemia and repetitive stimulation than rat bladders. Conclusions These results have demonstrated that the mouse bladder is more sensitive to ischemic stress than the rat bladder. This information would be important when choosing species for the study of ischemia and reperfusion.
The Emory University campus walking tour: awakening a sense of place

The paper describes Emory University’s campus self‐guided walking tour, a pleasant activity that heightens environmental awareness and builds a stronger connection to place. Brochures present ten sites and facts about forests and water (including damage from storm surges, erosion, and invasive species), the built environment (including new “green” building efforts), and campus history (including architectural strategies, past faculty activism, and commitments by campus administrators). The tour highlights trade‐offs and tensions among issues and teaches by raising questions. Issues of health, natural beauty, campus growth, and quality of life are also presented. Guided introductions to the tour seem to be most effective, though the brochure is also powerful used alone. A fun activity for a group, the walking tour builds community and awakens interest among those not otherwise engaged in environmental activities.
Sleep in a community sample of elderly war veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Abstract Background: Although sleep disturbances are commonly reported by individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), objective findings have been inconsistent, due in part to small sample sizes, comorbid psychiatric disorders, variations in the recentness of trauma exposure, and the use of PTSD subjects involved in psychiatric treatment. Methods: A community sample of elderly males ( n = 59) exposed to war trauma 28–50 years ago and free from sleep-affecting medications and disorders other than PTSD completed 3 nights of polysomnography. Of these participants, 30 met criteria for current PTSD; three were receiving supportive outpatient psychotherapy. Results: Two statistically significant differences were observed: Those with PTSD had a higher percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and fewer arousals from non-REM sleep. The perceptions of sleep quality among the participants with PTSD were lower than the perceptions of non-PTSD participants. Although participants with untreated obstructive sleep apnea and sleep movement disorders were not included in the sample, many cases were detected on initial screening. Treatment resulted in improved sleep and increased feelings of well being. Conclusions: Alterations in REM and arousals characterized PTSD in this sample. When comorbid sleep disorders were ruled out, sleep was clinically similar across the groups. Trauma-related sleep disturbances that subjects reported as arising early in the course of the disorder appear to have declined over time.
Social Interactions of Learning Disabled Children

Efforts to mainstream learning disabled children may require educators to consider social adjustment variables as much as academic factors in remedial programing. As in their previous work, Bryan and Bryan found learning disabled children to be less popular than their peers. This study delineates the behavioral basis of attitudinal rejection of learning disabled children by their classmates. The verbal communication habits of learning disabled children are found to be a major factor in their social rejection. Learning disabled children emit and receive more rejection statements than nondisabled classmates.