cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coalescents with Simultaneous Multiple Collisions

We study a family of coalescent processes that undergo ``simultaneous multiple collisions,'' meaning that many clusters of particles can merge into a single cluster at one time, and many such mergers can occur simultaneously. This family of processes, which we obtain from simple assumptions about the rates of different types of mergers, essentially coincides with a family of processes that Mohle and Sagitov obtain as a limit of scaled ancestral processes in a population model with exchangeable family sizes. We characterize the possible merger rates in terms of a single measure, show how these coalescents can be constructed from a Poisson process, and discuss some basic properties of these processes. This work generalizes some work of Pitman, who provides similar analysis for a family of coalescent processes in which many clusters can coalesce into a single cluster, but almost surely no two such mergers occur simultaneously.
Recirculating Electrostatic Accelerators

A 3 MeV electrostatic accelerator has been modified for high electron current operation using beam recovery. In a simple configuration, a maximum of 99.4% of a 1.25 Ampere electron beam has been recovered. In a more complex beam transport system that includes a permanent magnet undulator as much as 95% of the beam has been recovered. These devices are ideally suited to drive efficient free-electron lasers Beam quality and beam recovery measurements are presented here.
Methodology for Estimating Accidental Radioactive Releases in Nuclear Waste Management

The estimation of the risks attendant to accidental radioactive releases is a necessary step in the assessment of the safety of any nuclear waste management system or subsystem. The amount of a radioactive nuclide and the manner in which it is released under a given set of conditions serve as part of the input data to the subsequent transport, demographic, and dosage models. The result of these model calculations gives a measure of the consequence of the release. This measure may be some dosage rate, or the number of expected fatalities, or some other measurable impact on the biosphere. In this context risk is often defined as the expectation value of the consequence.
Possible realization of entanglement, logical gates, and quantum-information transfer with superconducting-quantum-interference-device qubits in cavity QED

We present a scheme to achieve maximally entangled states, controlled phase-shift gate, and SWAP gate for two superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) qubits, by placing SQUIDs in a microwave cavity. We also show how to transfer quantum information from one SQUID qubit to another. In this scheme, no transfer of quantum information between the SQUIDs and the cavity is required, the cavity field is only virtually excited and thus the requirement on the quality factor of the cavity is greatly relaxed.
Hedge Funds and Equity Prices

This article analyzes hedge funds' expansion during 2000--09 and its implications for stock returns. Hedge funds more than doubled their equity ownership prior to the 2007--09 financial crisis. In this expansion period, their trading predicts increasing one-quarter-ahead stock returns and return reversals in the 2nd year. These reversals stem from the expansion of mature funds, while young funds' trading predicts one-quarter-ahead returns without future reversals. The above price pressures disappear when hedge funds shift to contractions in the financial crisis. These findings are consistent with mature funds' expansions exerting pressures on equities and young funds possessing stock picking skills. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
The Racial Exceptionalism of Barack Obama

Since Barack Obama appeared on the political scene, questions regarding the authenticity of his blackness have remained at the forefront because of his mixed race parentage and nontraditional upbringing. These factors proved to be variously a political asset and liability as his blackness was often framed as scary to white voters who were essential to his electoral coalition. We argue that in order for whites to trust Obama politically, they divorced him from his black identity making him the “racial exception,” which made him more palatable. This, in part, was influenced by the deracialized electoral strategies deployed by Barack Obama. Still, we find race influences evaluations of Barack Obama differently by blacks and whites. Relying on data from the Pew Research Center, we find evidence that Barack Obama’s racial identity is more ambiguous for whites and evaluations of his favorability, values, and tenor of his opposition to fall along racial lines in significant ways despite the rhetoric of a post-racial America.
Chronic Suppression of Periprosthetic Joint Infections with Oral Antibiotics Increases Infection-Free Survivorship

Background: The clinical benefit of chronic suppression with oral antibiotics as a salvage treatment for periprosthetic joint infection is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare infection-free prosthetic survival rates between patients who received chronic oral antibiotics and those who did not following irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange or two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection. Methods: We reviewed the records on all irrigation and debridement procedures with polyethylene exchange and two-stage revisions performed at our institution from 1996 to 2010 for hip or knee periprosthetic joint infection. Of 625 patients treated with a total of 655 eligible revisions, ninety-two received chronic oral antibiotics for a minimum of six months and were eligible for inclusion in our study. These patients were compared with a matched cohort (ratio of 1:3) who did not receive chronic oral antibiotics. Results: The five-year infection-free prosthetic survival rate was 68.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 59.2% to 79.3%) for the antibiotic-suppression group and 41.1% (95% CI = 34.9% to 48.5%) for the non-suppression group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63, p = 0.008). Stratification by the type of surgery and the infecting organism showed a higher five-year survival rate for the patients in the suppression group who underwent irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange (64.7%) compared with those in the non-suppression group who underwent irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange (30.4%, p < 0.0001) and a higher five-year survival rate for the patients in the suppression group who had a Staphylococcus aureus infection (57.4%) compared with those in the non-suppression group who had a Staphylococcus aureus infection (40.1%, p = 0.047). Conclusions: Chronic suppression with oral antibiotics increased the infection-free prosthetic survival rate following surgical treatment for periprosthetic joint infection. Patients who underwent irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange and those who had a Staphylococcus aureus infection had the greatest benefit. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See the Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis by antigen: implications for lymphomagenesis.

Apoptotic deletion of expanded B cell populations is essential in avoidance of autoimmune disease and immune regulation of some B cell malignancies. The role of CD4+ T cells in B cell apoptosis is evident from the high incidence of B cell tumors and autoimmunity in patients with T cell diseases such as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have previously demonstrated that in Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) negative Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), a tumor derived from proliferating centroblasts of the germinal center, the malignant lymphocytes can be induced to express Fas (CD95) by ligation of CD40 at the B cell surface. Upon CD40 engagement, BL cells are sensitized to T-cell derived death signals provided by Fas ligand (FasL, CD95L). HBL-3 is a cell line derived from an AIDS-related BL in which the tumor IgM binds the human erythrocyte "i" antigen. To determine whether Fas-mediated apoptosis of BL cells is reduced in the context of antigen to which the tumor IgM binds, we stimulated HBL-3 cells with CD40...
Two Reviews of the Literature on Borderlines: An Assessment

The author discusses Iiebowitz's (1979) and Rieder's (1979) reviews of current issues regarding the diagnosis of borderline patients. He cites the need for further research examining the basic characteristics of the borderline syndrome. He also recommends that greater attention be directed toward defining subtypes of the syndrome. The author believes that a combination of the descriptive approach of Gunderson and Kolb (1978) and his own psychostructural approach (Kernberg 1977) would prove fruitful.
Enabling the enabler: Information technology and the services sector

The services sector, providing eighty percent of domestic employment and GDP, has sustained dramatic growth in size and significance in the last three decades. This growth has in major part been enabled by application of the Information Technology (IT) discipline. Data Surface Mining (DSM) was applied to a recent compilation of 100 major IT companies. It was found that approximately half of these companies, the enablers, are themselves in the Goods Sector. As such, the Goods Sector is a major enabler of the Services Sector.
A Novel Class of Interstitial Cells in the Mouse and Monkey Female Reproductive Tracts

ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests important roles for specialized platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-positive (PDGFRalpha+) cells in regulating the behaviors of visceral smooth muscle organs. Examination of the female reproductive tracts of mice and monkeys showed that PDGFRalpha+ cells form extensive networks in ovary, oviduct, and uterus. PDGFRalpha+ cells were located in discrete locations within these organs, and their distribution and density were similar in rodents and primates. PDGFRalpha+ cells were distinct from smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). This was demonstrated with immunohistochemical techniques and by performing molecular expression studies on PDGFRalpha+ cells from mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein driven off of the endogenous promoter for Pdgfralpha. Significant differences in gene expression were found in PDGFRalpha+ cells from ovary, oviduct, and uterus. Differences in gene expression were also detected in cells from different tissue reg...
Pnck induces ligand-independent EGFR degradation by probable perturbation of the Hsp90 chaperone complex

We have recently described a novel role for pregnancy-upregulated nonubiquitous calmodulin kinase (Pnck) in the induction of ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation (Deb TB, Coticchia CM, Barndt R, Zuo H, Dickson RB, and Johnson MD. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 295: C365–C377, 2008). In the current communication, we explore the probable mechanism by which Pnck induces ligand-independent EGFR degradation. Pnck-induced EGFR degradation is calcium/calmodulin independent and is regulated by cell density, with the highest EGFR degradation observed at low cell density. Pnck is a novel heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) client protein that can be coimmunoprecipitated with Hsp90. Treatment of Pnck-overexpressing cells with the pharmacologic Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin results in enhanced EGFR degradation, and destruction of Pnck. In cells in which Pnck is inducing EGFR degradation, we observed that Hsp90 exhibits reduced electrophoretic mobility, and through mass spectrometric analysis of ...
A Journey from Pediatric Pharmacokinetics to Pharmacogenomics

I am honored to have been selected as the 2004 Yaffe Award recipient by the PPAG, and to join the list of distinguished prior recipients of this award. Having known Dr. Sumner Yaffe for all of my career, and having been motivated by his passion for pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics, I am pleased to receive an award that recognizes his many outstanding accomplishments and his leadership in our field. My interest in pursuing a research career in pediatric pharmacology had a serendipitous beginning; first, I was exposed to clinical research because every PharmD student was required to complete a research project in the old days (ca. 1970s). Absent that exposure, I may never have known that I enjoyed pursuing the unknown, and may well be now running an apothecary shop in Clarksville, Tennessee. That curricular requirement also steered me to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), where I found an enormously supportive major professor for my research, Larry Barker. St. Jude also provided an environment that encouraged ideas from all corners, including students and non-physicians, and fostered success through a dedicated team of senior faculty who enjoyed helping their junior colleagues. Over the course of the last 30 years, my research has had a central thread (“pharmaco-“), but has moved through several dimensions beginning with pharmacokinetics, then evolving to pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, and most
Challenges Confronting Contemporary Public Budgeting: Retrospectives/Prospectives from Allen Schick

For nearly half a century, Allen Schick's works have explored and analyzed central issues in the role of budgets in modern government. In 2009, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development published Evolutions in Budgetary Practice: Allen Schick and the OECD Senior Budget Officials, a selection of his work, together with new chapters. The book traces developments in budget practices and reforms since the 1980s, relating them to changes in the role of government, and discusses challenges to contemporary budgeting and how they might be met. This collection provides an invaluable insight into Schick's thinking about public budgeting: a perspective on the past, a practical resource for the present, and a guide to the future.
Viscoelastic properties of fine-grained incompressible turbulence

A number of shear-flow phenomena can be explained qualitatively if turbulence is regarded as a continuous viscoelastic medium with respect to its action on a mean field. Conditions are sought under which the analogy is quantitative, and it is found that the turbulence must be fine-grained and the mean field weak. For geometrical convenience the turbulence is assumed to be nearly homogeneous and isotropic so that body forces are required to maintain it. The turbulence is found to respond initially to an arbitrary deformation as an elastic medium, in which Reynolds stress is linearly proportional to strain. Three processes that cause the resulting Reynolds stress to relax are distinguished: viscous diffusion, body-force agitation and non-linear scrambling. It is argued that, regardless of which process dominates, Reynolds stress evolves in a continuously changing mean field according to a viscoelastic constitutive law, relating stress to deformation history by means of a scalar memory function. The argument is carried through analytically for weak turbulence, in which non-linear scrambling is negligible, and the memory function is computed in terms of the wave-number-frequency spectrum of the background turbulence. In the course of the analysis, a new type of Reynolds stress arises related to the passage of the turbulence through its sustaining environment of body forces. It is found that the mean field must be surprisingly weak for this ‘translation stress’ to be negligible. Applications of the viscoelasticity theory of turbulent shear flow are discussed in which body forces and therefore translation stress are absent.
Restricted Clonal Expression of IL-2 By Naive T Cells Reflects Differential Dynamic Interactions with Dendritic Cells

Limited frequencies of T cells express IL-2 in primary antigenic responses, despite activation marker expression and proliferation by most clonal members. To define the basis for restricted IL-2 expression, a videomicroscopic system and IL-2 reporter transgenic model were used to characterize dendritic cell (DC)–T cell interactions. T cells destined to produce IL-2 required prolonged interactions with DCs, whereas most T cells established only transient interactions with DCs and were activated, but did not express IL-2. Extended conjugation of T cells with DCs was not always sufficient to initiate IL-2 expression. Thus, there is intrinsic variability in clonal T cell populations that restricts IL-2 commitment, and prolonged engagement with mature DCs is necessary, but not sufficient, for IL-2 gene transcription.
The origin and genetic differentiation of the socially parasitic aphid Tamalia inquilinus

Social and brood parasitisms are nonconsumptive forms of parasitism involving the exploitation of the colonies or nests of a host. Such parasites are often related to their hosts and may evolve in various ecological contexts, causing evolutionary constraints and opportunities for both parasites and their hosts. In extreme cases, patterns of diversification between social parasites and their hosts can be coupled, such that diversity of one is correlated with or even shapes the diversity of the other. Aphids in the genus Tamalia induce galls on North American manzanita (Arctostaphylos) and related shrubs (Arbutoideae) and are parasitized by nongalling social parasites or inquilines in the same genus. We used RNA sequencing to identify and generate new gene sequences for Tamalia and performed maximum-likelihood, Bayesian and phylogeographic analyses to reconstruct the origins and patterns of diversity and host-associated differentiation in the genus. Our results indicate that the Tamalia inquilines are monophyletic and closely related to their gall-forming hosts on Arctostaphylos, supporting a previously proposed scenario for origins of these parasitic aphids. Unexpectedly, population structure and host-plant-associated differentiation were greater in the non-gall-inducing parasites than in their gall-inducing hosts. RNA-seq indicated contrasting patterns of gene expression between host aphids and parasites, and perhaps functional differences in host-plant relationships. Our results suggest a mode of speciation in which host plants drive within-guild diversification in insect hosts and their parasites. Shared host plants may be sufficient to promote the ecological diversification of a network of phytophagous insects and their parasites, as exemplified by Tamalia aphids.
Osteolysis and particle disease in hip replacement. A review

Much can be learned from a careful reassessment of the history of total hip replacement over the past 35 years. Such a review is revealing about certain aspects of the nature of medical science, and most importantly, about solving our current problems in total hip replacement, notably cementless surgery with the rapidly increasing incidence of major pelvic and femoral lysis, predominantly manifest after 5 years or so postoperatively.
Long-Term Neurological Outcomes in West Nile Virus–Infected Patients: An Observational Study

The Houston West Nile Cohort (HWNC) was founded in 2002 when West Nile virus (WNV) reached Houston, TX. The long-term outcomes following WNV infection are still mostly unknown, though neurological abnormalities up to 1 year postinfection have been documented. We report an observational study of neurological abnormalities at 1–3 and 8–11 years following WNV infection in the HWNC. We conducted standard neurological examinations at two separate time points to assess changes in neurological status over time. The majority of patients (86%, 30/35) with encephalitis had abnormal neurological exam findings at the time of the first assessment compared with uncomplicated fever (27%, 3/11) and meningitis (36%, 5/14) cases. At the time of the second assessment, 57% (4/7) of West Nile fever (WNF), 33% (2/6) of West Nile meningitis (WNM), and 36% (5/14) of West Nile encephalitis (WNE) had developed new neurological complications. The most common abnormalities noted were tandem gait, hearing loss, abnormal reflexes, and muscle weakness. Long-term neurological abnormalities were most commonly found in patients who experienced primary WNV encephalitis. New abnormalities may develop over time regardless of initial clinical infection. Future studies should aim to differentiate neurological consequences due to WNV neuroinvasive infection versus neurological decline related to comorbid conditions.
Application of digital signal processing in spread spectrum systems

Spread spectrum techniques have been used for many years, primarily by the military. Practical applications in the civil community are have recently stirred a significant new interest in spread spectrum communications. Continuing advances in digital technology are making it feasible to implement key spread spectrum functions in small and affordable packages. Signal processing architectures, suitable for VLSI designs, to accomplish interference suppression and signal/channel-matched filtering have been developed. Prototype devices have been implemented and demonstrated. >
Developmental expression patterns for angiotensin receptors in mouse skin and brain.

Two G-protein-coupled receptors, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and type 2 receptor (AT2R), mediate the majority of angiotensin II (Ang II) effects. It has long been believed that the AT2R is reduced to extremely low levels in adulthood but is abundantly expressed in the fetus. However, recent data from rats and mice do not support this notion. Employing Western blot analysis, we found a gradual increase in AT2R protein expression from fetal life to adulthood in brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney. The reason for the discrepancy between our observations and the conventional concept is unknown. Evidence supporting a regression of the AT2R during maturation is derived largely from autoradiographic signals that were confined to the outline of fetal rats, implying that the previously reported high AT2R expression in the fetus might be valid only for skin. We therefore hypothesized that the ontogeny of angiotensin receptors in skin is opposite that in other organs. In the current experiment, we employed Western blot analysis to compare AT2R and AT1R protein expressions in skin with that in the brainstem of fetal and adult mice. Fetal brainstem expressed lower AT2R and higher AT1R protein compared to adult brainstem (AT2R/GAPDH: 0.08 ± 0.2 in fetus vs 7.6 ± 0.9 in adult, p < 0.05; AT1R/GAPDH: 5.9 ± 0.8 in fetus vs 0.7 ± 0.3 in adult, p < 0.05). In contrast, fetal skin expresses higher AT2R and lower AT1R protein compared to adult skin (AT2R/GAPDH: 0.95 ± 0.4 in fetus vs 0.04 ± 0.2 in adult, p < 0.05; AT1R/ GAPDH: 0.6 ± 0.2 in fetus vs 2.1 ± 0.5 in adult, p < 0.05). This expression profile was also confirmed by immunofluorescence. Using real-time RT-PCR, we could not detect any significant differences in mRNA of these two receptors in brainstem between fetal and adult mice. However, we found a higher AT2R mRNA and lower AT1R mRNA in the fetal skin compared to adult skin. The above results confirm our hypothesis that skin displays an expression profile of angiotensin receptors opposite that of other organs during development, suggesting that the currently held view concerning AT2R maturation is suitable only for skin. In other organs and tissues, adults express higher AT2R protein than does the fetus.
Optimally-discriminative voxel-based analysis

Gaussian smoothing of images is an important step in Voxelbased Analysis and Statistical Parametric Mapping (VBA-SPM); it accounts for registration errors and integrates imaging signals from a region around each voxel being analyzed. However, it has also become a limitation of VBA-SPM based methods, since it is often chosen empirically, non-optimally, and lacks spatial adaptivity to the shape and spatial extent of the region of interest. In this paper, we propose a new framework, named Optimally-Discriminative Voxel-Based Analysis (ODVBA), for determining the optimal spatially adaptive smoothing of images, followed by applying voxel-based group analysis. In ODVBA, Nonnegative Discriminative Projection is applied locally to get the direction that best discriminates between two groups, e.g. patients and controls; this direction is equivalent to local filtering by an optimal kernel whose coefficients define the optimally discriminative direction. By considering all the neighborhoods that contain a given voxel, we then compose this information to produce the statistic for each voxel. Permutation tests are finally used to obtain the statistical significance. The experiments on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) study have shown the effectiveness of the framework.
Racial Reorganization and the United States Census 1850–1930: Mulattoes, Half-Breeds, Mixed Parentage, Hindoos, and the Mexican Race

Between 1850 and 1930, demographic upheaval in the United States was connected to reorganization of the racial order. Socially and politically recognized boundaries between groups shifted, new groups emerged, others disappeared, and notions of who belonged in which category changed. All recognized racial groups—blacks, whites, Indians, Asians, Mexicans and others—were affected. This article investigates how and why census racial classiﬁcation policies changed during this period, only to stabilize abruptly before World War II. In the context of demographic transformations and their political consequences, we ﬁnd that census policy in any given year was driven by a combination of scientiﬁc, political, and ideological motivations. Based on this analysis, we rethink existing theoretical approaches to censuses and racial classiﬁcation, arguing that a nation’s census is deeply implicated in and helps to construct its social and political order. Censuses provide the concepts, taxonomy, and substantive information by which a nation understands its component parts as well as the contours of the whole; censuses both create the image and provide the mirror of that image for a nation’s self-reﬂection. We conclude by outlining the meaning of this period in American history for current and future debates over race and classiﬁcation.
Nanoscale Surface Patterning

We present a methodology based on Dip-Pen Nanolithography 1 to fabricate nanoscale surface patterns composed of polyelectrolytes. Two widely used polymers Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) PSS were chosen as the DPN “inks”. Patterns were created and evaluated on silicon oxide surfaces using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). To compare the polymer packing and the height of the nanopatterns, additional fabrication was performed using microcontact printing. We were able to generate structures with better polymer packing using DPN and control the height of the polymer structures more reproducibly compared to microcontact printing.
Psychiatry, bio-epistemes and the making of adolescence in southern Brazil

Drawing on an ethnographic study in southern Brazil, this paper explores how therapists’ attempts to “resist bioreductionist” pharmaceutical use both succeed and crumble. Using a comparative framing, I show that pharmaceuticalization can become an anesthetizing “lid” that interacts with young people’s polarizing micro-politics and is an outgrowth of multi-generational medico-political family histories. This lid, however, is not air-tight and exceptionalities are born out of these very same histories. I argue that both pharmaceuticalization and exceptions to it emerge not through “resistance” to biopsychiatric logics but from the transformative possibilities that the patterned co-production of social, political, and psychiatric life affords.
Plasma concentrations of connective tissue compounds: I. the effect of uterine involution.

SummaryThe information obtained in a prospective study of plasma concentrations of connective tissue components during the third trimester of pregnancy, 4 days, and again at 6 weeks postpartum, suggests that the increased concentrations of plasma protein-hydroxyproline (hypro-protein), free proline, and GAG are associated with increased rate of hydrolysis of extraskeletal connective tissue components.
Multiplexing Computer-Generated Volume Holograms

Volumetric computer-generated holograms enable independent multiplexed control of the amplitude and phase of the optical field. Angular, wavelength and phase-shift multiplexing designs are implemented using scattering theory and projection algorithms in three-dimensional Fourier space.
Collaboration With Community Mental Health Service Providers: A Necessity in Contemporary Schools

Schools have played an increasingly central role in providing mental health services to youth, but there are limitations to the services that are available through school-based mental health professionals. Thus, collaboration with non-school-based community mental health providers is oftentimes necessary. As collaboration can address limitations of school-based services and enhance and complement school-based services, it has been identified as best practice in comprehensive mental health service delivery. This collaboration column provides a brief review that highlights the critical opportunities for collaboration between school- and non-school-based professionals. Potential barriers to effective collaboration are also discussed, and strategies are introduced to overcome these barriers in order to provide effective and complementary mental health services to students in need.
The Promise of Hybrid PET\/MRI: Technical advances and clinical applications

During the last few decades, positron emission tomography (PET)-based molecular imaging has advanced elegantly and steadily gained importance in the clinical and research arenas. However, the lack of structural information provided by this imaging modality motivated its correlation with structural imaging techniques such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are well established in the clinical setting. The additional capability of simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI data bridges the gap between molecular and morphologic diagnoses. Since diagnostic imaging methods evolve from the anatomical to the molecular level, the mission of multimodal and multiparametric imaging increasingly becomes more essential. Since 2010, whole-body hybrid PET/MRI has been investigated in the clinical setting for clinical diagnosis and staging, treatment response monitoring, and radiation therapy treatment planning of a wide range of malignancies. However, quantitative PET/MRI is still challenged by the lack of accurate and robust attenuation and motion compensation strategies to enable the production of artifact-free and quantitative PET images. This article briefly summarizes the historical development of PET/MRI and gives an overview of the state of the art and recent advances in the design and construction of clinical systems. Progress in quantitative imaging, including MRI-guided image reconstruction and correction, and potential clinical applications of this novel technology are also discussed.
‘This is our culture!’ or is it? Second generation Asian Indian individuals’ perceptions of parents’ socialization messages

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how second generation immigrants perceive their parents’ socialization messages in the context of parental surveillance or monitoring. Thirteen second-generation Asian Indian American individuals (19 to 23 years old) who were raised in the US by parents who had migrated from India were interviewed and asked to recall conversations with their parents within the context of socialization. The interviews revealed that second generation immigrant individuals assessed their parents’ messages with reference to their experiences with the social environment. The participants noted contradictions between parents’ messages and the environment and questioned the expertise and credibility of parents. The findings suggest that, when seen through the eyes of the second generation, immigrant parents are vulnerable to loss of power as socialization agents.
Rapid Nanoparticle Synthesis by Magnetic and Microwave Heating

Traditional hot-injection (HI) syntheses of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) allows good separation of the nucleation and growth stages of the reaction, a key limitation in obtaining monodisperse NPs, but with limited scalability. Here, two methods are presented for obtaining NPs via rapid heating: magnetic and microwave-assisted. Both of these techniques provide improved engineering control over the separation of nucleation and growth stages of nanomaterial synthesis when the reaction is initiated from room temperature. The advantages of these techniques with preliminary data are presented in this prospective article. It is shown here that microwave assisted heating could possibly provide some selectivity in activating the nanomaterial precursor materials, while magnetic heating can produce very tiny particles in a very short time (even on the millisecond timescale), which is important for scalability. The fast magnetic heating also allows for synthesizing larger particles with improved size distribution, therefore impacting, not only the quantity, but the quality of the nanomaterials.
Nutritional Status and Growth in Children Less than 12 kg Treated with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Various parameters of nutritional status and growth in 13 children with weight less than 12 kg were estimated at the start of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 1 year later. A significant improvement in weight, triceps skinfold, and serum albumin was noticed. Height and midarm muscle circumference did not change significantly. However, a significant improvement in height occurred in patients with initial abnormal height (<--2 SDS). There was no significant change in protein intake and urea nitrogen appearance (UNA) during the study period. A significant correlation between protein intake and UNA was noticed. All patients had normal serum insulinlike growth factor. In conclusion, there was no significant change in either height velocity or muscle mass despite the improvement in many nutritional parameters.
Pet loss, complicated grief, and post-traumatic stress disorder in Hawaii.

ABSTRACTWe examined the impact of pet/animal death on Complicated Grief (CG) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in relation to demographic variables amongst a diverse population of racial and ethnic groups in Hawaii. Three hundred and fifty-five participants (142 solicited by mail, 213 volunteer college students) completed a 37-item questionnaire, the Inventory of Complicated Grief Revised Short Form (ICG-R-SF) and the PTSD Check-list (PCL), and we assessed relationships between demographic variables such as pet ownership with CG and PTSD scores, to gauge potential at-risk populations. While Filipino populations presented increased, if subclinical, CG and/or PTSD scores, no primary racial/ethnic identity correlated with significant scores, based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Individuals who scored higher on questions related to empathy with animals, such as adopting strays, feeling like their pet can sense their mood, integration of animals into the family unit, and feeling over-protective of their pe...
Antipredator behavior of the Barton Springs salamander (Eurycea sosorum) in response to aquatic invertebrates: potential consequences of habitat restoration

The Barton Springs Salamander, Eurycea sosorum, is a fully aquatic salamander found in Barton Springs in Texas, USA, and has benefited from habitat restoration efforts. While important to improve overall habitat quality for this imperiled species, current management and restoration practices may also inadvertently increase the abundance of non-target organisms such as predatory invertebrates. Fish represent major predators of this species, but little is known about the role of invertebrates as potential predators. It is important to understand the role of these aquatic invertebrates as predators of E. sosorum, especially if habitat restoration also increases predator abundance. Using adult, predator-naive salamanders, we examined the antipredator response of E. sosorum to chemical cues from the following treatments: crayfish, dragonfly larvae, snails, and water. Salamanders decreased activity (antipredator behavior) only in response to the crayfish treatment. The responses to dragonfly larvae, snails, and water did not differ, suggesting that dragonfly larvae are not perceived as predators by these salamanders. Our study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that habitat restoration has unexpectedly increased crayfish abundance, which in turn may negatively affect E. sosorum, and that future management strategies should consider crayfish removal if salamander abundances decline with increasing crayfish abundance.
Practitioners as professors: Experiential learning in the distance digital liberal arts classroom

ABSTRACTArchives and digital collections have traditionally supported undergraduate research experiences or existed in the syllabus as neat, packaged projects or assignments. Now these artifacts are taking center stage in the digital liberal arts classroom. Librarians and archivists are also realizing new opportunities to teach undergraduates their professional tools and methodologies, and they are forging new ground in the classroom teaching students how to curate and create digital scholarly projects. This case study reveals the experiences of two information professionals who cotaught a distance digital liberal arts seminar. It seeks to expand the pedagogy of the digital liberal arts and explore its viability via distance education.
Spatial hearing ability of the pigmented Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): Minimum audible angle and spatial release from masking in azimuth.

Abstract Despite the common use of guinea pigs in investigations of the neural mechanisms of binaural and spatial hearing, their behavioral capabilities in spatial hearing tasks have surprisingly not been thoroughly investigated. To begin to fill this void, we tested the spatial hearing of adult male guinea pigs in several experiments using a paradigm based on the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response. In the first experiment, we presented continuous broadband noise from one speaker location and switched to a second speaker location (the “prepulse”) along the azimuth prior to presenting a brief, ∼110 dB SPL startle-eliciting stimulus. We found that the startle response amplitude was systematically reduced for larger changes in speaker swap angle (i.e., greater PPI), indicating that using the speaker “swap” paradigm is sufficient to assess stimulus detection of spatially separated sounds. In a second set of experiments, we swapped low- and high-pass noise across the midline to estimate their ability to utilize interaural time- and level-difference cues, respectively. The results reveal that guinea pigs can utilize both binaural cues to discriminate azimuthal sound sources. A third set of experiments examined spatial release from masking using a continuous broadband noise masker and a broadband chirp signal, both presented concurrently at various speaker locations. In general, animals displayed an increase in startle amplitude (i.e., lower PPI) when the masker was presented at speaker locations near that of the chirp signal, and reduced startle amplitudes (increased PPI) indicating lower detection thresholds when the noise was presented from more distant speaker locations. In summary, these results indicate that guinea pigs can: 1) discriminate changes in source location within a hemifield as well as across the midline, 2) discriminate sources of low- and high-pass sounds, demonstrating that they can effectively utilize both low-frequency interaural time and high-frequency level difference sound localization cues, and 3) utilize spatial release from masking to discriminate sound sources. This report confirms the guinea pig as a suitable spatial hearing model and reinforces prior estimates of guinea pig hearing ability from acoustical and physiological measurements.
Complex Formation Between Chlorobium F. Thiosulfatophilum C-Type Cytochromes

Chlorobium contains three soluble c-type cytochromes that are involved in the oxidation of sulfur-containing electron donors by this bacterium, Ftavocytochrome “c553”, which consists of a 47-kDa subunit containing a single covalentty bound FRO and a 11-kDa subunit containing a single heme c (Meyer et al., 1986; Yamanaka, 1976; Yamanaka et al., 1979), has been demonstrated to catalyze electron flow from sulfide to Cyt “c555” (Kusai and Yamanaka, 1973, 1978; Kusai and Fukumori, 1980).
Assessing the distributive impact of a revenue-neutral shift from a uniform property tax to a two-rate property tax with a uniform credit

A number of economists have argued that a property tax with a lower rate applied to improvement values than to land values is superior to a property tax with a uniform tax rate that yields the same total revenue. This paper explores the statutory incidence of shifting to two-rate property taxation from single-rate property taxation. The authors recommend a tax credit provision to mitigate the regressive tendencies of this type of tax reform.
Design and Synthesis of a New Polymer Drug Delivery Conjugate

This work describes the design and synthesis of a novel polymer conjugate to facilitate intracellular release of attached cargo. Water soluble poly[N(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] with derivatizable pendant side chains was used as the polymer carrier. The membrane active Tat peptide was masked with poly(ethylene glycol) to inhibit non-specific interactions with exterior cell membranes, and then covalently linked to poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide]. A novel heterobifunctional crosslinker was synthesized containing both maleimide and aldehyde functionality to allow attachment of peptides to the polymer backbone through a pH sensitive bond. Analysis of the proposed conjugate by gel permeation chromatography, nuclear absorbance spectroscopy, and absorbance measurements indicate that the desired compound has been synthesized.
Clinical Application of Basal Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Fluctuation Measurements by FMRI

Regional cerebral blood flow fluctuates in the absence of any external stimulus or definable cognitive activity. The fluctuations under considerations are slow, rhythmic changes in capillary and arteriolar blood flow that are unrelated to cardiac or respiratory cycles. The purpose of this communication is to review the experimental observations on fluctuations in animals and in humans and describe the possible clinical applications of continuous regional cerebral blood flow measurements. Clinical applications of FMRI to measure regional cerebral blood flow are anticipated in the evaluation of stroke, epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. The objective of this section is to suggest directions for future research which will benefit clinical medicine. This section is intended to illustrate the perspective of a clinical radiologist on blood flow fluctuations. Therefore, other reports such as those of Hudetz, Vern, Golanov, Mayer in this symposium must be consulted for more complete analysis of the blood flow fluctuations.
Relationship between social support and depressive symptoms in collegiate student athletes

Depression levels in collegiate athletes are consistent with or higher than those of the general population [Cox (2015). Investigating the prevalence and risk-factors of depression symptoms among N...
Technetium bone scanning in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis: a meta-analysis of test performance. Diagnostic Technology Assessment Consortium.

Purpose:To determine the diagnostic performance of technetium bone scanning in the setting of possible osteomyelitis in the foot of a patient who has diabetes or other vasculopathy.
Fast and Precise On-the-fly Patch Validation for All

Generate-and-validate (GV furthermore, UniAPR addresses the imprecise patch validation issue by resetting the JVM global state via runtime bytecode transformation. We have implemented UniAPR as a fully automated Maven Plugin. We have also performed the first study of on-the-fly patch validation for state-of-the-art source-code-level APR. Our experiments show the first empirical evidence that vanilla on-the-fly patch validation can be imprecise/unsound; in contrast, our UniAPR framework can speed up state-of-the-art APR by over an order of magnitude without incurring any imprecision in patch validation, enabling all existing APR techniques to explore a larger search space to fix more bugs in the near future. Furthermore, UniAPR directly enables hybrid source and bytecode APR to fix substantially more bugs than all state-of-the-art APR techniques (under the same time limit) in the near future.
Singleton phage BlueFeather reveals novel relationships in the Arthrobacter phage population

Abstract Bacteriophages (phages) exhibit high genetic diversity, and the mosaic nature of the shared genetic pool makes quantifying phage relatedness an increasingly difficult task. Singleton phages lack the nucleotide identity and/or shared genes required for clustering with known phages. The goal of this study was to investigate singleton Arthrobacter phage BlueFeather’s relationships with similar phages that had been assigned to clusters. Whole genome metrics showed low nucleotide identity, but high amino acid and gene content similarity between BlueFeather and Arthrobacter phage Clusters FE and FI. Gene content similarity revealed that BlueFeather shared genes with Clusters FE and FI in excess of a parameter for clustering Gordonia and Microbacterium phages. Single gene analyses revealed evidence of horizontal gene transfer between BlueFeather and phages in unique clusters that infect a variety of bacterial hosts. Our findings highlight the advantage of using shared gene content to study seemingly genetically isolated phages.
Trigonometric Commutative Caputo Fractional Korovkin Approximation for Stochastic Processes

Here we consider and study from the trigonometric point of view expectation commutative stochastic positive linear operators acting on \(L^{1}\)-continuous stochastic processes which are Caputo fractional differentiable. Under some mild, general and natural assumptions on the stochastic processes we produce related trigonometric Caputo fractional stochastic Shisha-Mond type inequalities pointwise and uniform. All convergences are produced with rates and are given by the trigonometric fractional stochastic inequalities involving the first modulus of continuity of the expectation of the \(\alpha \)th right and left fractional derivatives of the engaged stochastic process, \(\alpha >0\), \(\alpha \notin \mathbb {N}\).
A rare case of extensive Staphylococcus aureus sternoclavicular septic arthritis treated without surgical intervention.

Abstract This is a rare case of a 55 year-old immunocompetent female who developed Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus sternoclavicular septic arthritis. The infection was not limited to the joint space but extended into adjacent bones and superior mediastinum. However the patient was successfully treated without surgical intervention and preservation of joint function was obtained with only intravenous antibiotic therapy.