cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementing a Policy of Positive Complementarity in the Rome System of Justice

Immediately upon assuming office in 2003, the ICC Prosecutor, Luis Moreno Ocampo, stated: As a consequence of complementarity, the number of cases that reach the Court should not be a measure of its efficiency. On the contrary, the absence of trials before this Court, as a consequence of the regular functioning of national institutions, would be a major success. 1 The Prosecutor s statement embodies what can be best described as a policy of positive complementarity, according to which the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) will encourage national governments to undertake their own investigations and prosecutions of crimes within the Court s jurisdiction.
Video coding for HDTV systems

The adoption of MPEG-2 (Motion Pictures Experts Group) by the FCC as the HDTV video compression and transport methodologies laid the foundation for merging multimedia, broadcasting and telecommunication applications. The MPEG-2 video standard, frozen in Nov. 93, supports data rates above 10 Mpbs, real-time transmission, and progressive and interlaced scan sources. This tutorial describes the basic components of an MPEG-2 based HDTV compression system including video formats, color space transformation and decimation, motion estimation and compensation, discrete cosine transform, and variable-length coding. The frame-based and field-based motion estimation schemes required for interlaced scan sources are described in detail. Also discussed is the specific profile and level targeting HDTV application in the MPEG-2 standard. >
The Microbiology of Raw, Eviscerated Chickens: A Ten Year Comparison

Abstract In 1979 a survey of selected chicken eviscerating plants was conducted to determine the levels of coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonellae sp. on eviscerated chickens under current manufacturing practices. A comparison was made of the data from this survey and one conducted in 1969. The 1979 survey found that the chickens did not have a statistically significant reduced incidence of salmonella compared to chickens analyzed in 1969. Also, much of the bacterial contamination on a carcass at the end of the evisceration line was transient and was readily removed by the final spray washer. The addition of chlorine to chiller water did not appear to have an unusually beneficial effect on the microbiological quality of the chickens. In 1969, in the nine plants studied, the incidence of salmonella on chickens at the exit of the chillers was 20.5%. In 1979, in the nine plants studied, the incidence of salmonella on chickens at the exit of the chillers was 11.6%. In 1979 there was about a 45% reduction in the incidence of salmonella in eviscerated chickens in the nine plants studied compared to the incidence of salmonella in eviscerated chickens in 1969.
Frequency of spontaneous and induced “point” mutations in higher eukaryotes

Data are presented on comparative mutation rates in Drosophila, mice, and humans, as derived from the study of both biochemical and morphological traits. There is a notable similarity in these rates, despite the large differences in average generation time, mean body temperature, and number of cell divisions intervening between fertilization of the egg and production of functional gametes. This suggests the evolution of superior genetic (DNA) repair strategies in (long-lived) humans. Evidence is reviewed that raises the possibility of higher mutation rates in mostly tropical-dwelling, tribal human populations than in temperate-dwelling civilized groups. The data suggesting that humans may be somewhat less sensitive to the genetic effects of radiation than mice are presented, and the question of whether this apparent difference is real or spurious is discussed. Finally, some possible new directions in the study of the mutation-selection balance are presented.
The equivalent elastic compliances of an elastic solid with interface cracks

Abstract A periodic array of interface cracks was considered earlier as a simple model to study the effect of crack interaction on the elastic fields of a solid composed of two dissimilar isotropic elastic materials. This paper focuses on the perturbation of the elastic compliances of the solid due to the interacting interface cracks. The problem is formulated using Betti's reciprocal theorem. The analysis provides the equivalent elastic compliances in terms of the geometric parameters of the interface cracks for various levels of loadings and material combinations. The results show that the interaction between cracks is significant only when the crack spacing is less than four times the crack length. Also, contact between crack faces introduces coupling between applied shear stress and normal displacement, but it is significant only when the ratio of the magnitudes of the shear and normal stresses exceeds two.
The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal abdominal malignancy due to its aggressive growth and rapid development of distant metastases, thus making treatment extremely difficult. Additionally, pancreatic adenocarcinoma is locally invasive, surrounded by a dense desmoplastic reaction which can involve adjacent vital structures, limiting the number of patients who are candidates for surgical resection at the time of diagnosis. Recently the tumor microenvironment in other adenocarcinomas has been determined to be an important mediator of cancer cell behavior; however, few studies have elucidated the tumor–stroma interactions in pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes the role of pancreatic stellate cells, perineural invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammatory cells in fostering pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion. The importance of extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and cytokines is also presented. Finally we suggest ideas for new avenues of research into the pancreatic tumor microenvironment which may permit the development of novel, more effective treatments for pancreatic cancer.
NSAID and other analgesic use by endurance runners during training, competition and recovery

Background . An increasing popularity of ultra-endurance events coupled with excessive or inappropriate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use during such events could pose considerable potential risks to runners’ health. Objective. To evaluate the incidence of NSAID and other analgesic use in distance runners during training, competition and recovery. Methods . We performed an observational cross-sectional study at the Desert Race Across the Sand race (Colorado to Utah, USA) in June 2011 and the Empire State Marathon half-marathon, and relay races in Syracuse, NY, October 2011. A total of 27 ultramarathon runners and 46 marathon, half-marathon and marathon relay runners participated in the study. Surveys were distributed to runners during race registration. Self-reported use of common analgesic medications during training, racing and recovery was assessed. Results . Among all runners at all stages, NSAIDs were the most commonly used analgesic medication. NSAID use by ultramarathon runners compared with all other runners was similar during training (59% and 63%, respectively; χ 2 =0.008; p=0.93) and recovery (59% and 61%, respectively; χ 2 =0.007; p=0.93). However, ultramarathon runners were more likely than all other runners to use NSAIDs during the race (70% and 26%, respectively; χ 2 =11.76; p=0.0006). Conclusion. Despite undesirable side-effects associated with the use of NSAIDs, there was a high prevalence of use in all runners, particularly during training and recovery. NSAID use during the race was significantly greater in ultramarathon runners. Medical staff at endurance events need to be aware of, and prepared for potential complications related to the high use of NSAIDs in runners. Future efforts should focus on teaching runners about the undesirable effects of medication and emphasising alternatives to pain medication.
Radiometric measurement of metabolic activity of Mycobacterium lepraemurium.

A sensitive and nondestructive radiometric method has been applied to the detection of metabolism of Mycobacterium lepraemurium, as a model for the study of the metabolism and substrate requirements of M. leprae. The method is based on the measurement of the 14CO2 produced through the bacterial conversion of [U-14C]acetate or [U-14C]glycerol by 7 × 109 bacteria suspended in 10 ml of either a simple buffer system (K-36) or a complex medium (NC-5). Metabolism of the bacilli was easily detected within 3 days after inoculation and was measured daily. NC-5 medium supported metabolism of M. lepraemurium for several weeks longer than the simple K-36 buffer. The radiometric technique shows promise as a rapid and efficient system for evaluating the metabolism of mycobacteria without introducing any changes in the physiologic state of the organisms, studying their metabolic pathways, determining conditions potentially favorable for multiplication of these organisms in vitro, and studying their susceptibility to inhibition by drugs.
Evaluation of cross-sectional geometry and mass density distributions of humans and laboratory animals using computerized tomography

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the cross-sectional geometry and mass density distribution of a young porcine subject using the X-ray computerized tomographic (CT) method and to perform a comparative study of anatomical features of this subject and a 3 yr old female child specimen. The cross-sectional CT scans of the porcine subject were obtained at 1 cm intervals. The outlines of each cross section and of selected anatomical components within each section were obtained by standard picture processing techniques. The mass and inertia tensor for each cross section and for each anatomical structure in a section were computed based on the CT numbers. The porcine subject was then sacrificed, frozen, sectioned and photographed. These sectional photographs were then compared with those obtained from the CT method. Tabulated cross-sectional mass and inertia tensor obtained from CT scans of the porcine subject were also used to compare with similar results derived from previously completed CT scans of the 3 yr old female child specimen. In particular, the comparisons were made on the location of the center of gravity and the inertia tensor in the head, neck, head and neck and cervical spine regions. Some immediate applications of this data are inputs to finite element models, lumped parameter biodynamic models, computer simulation of vehicle crash victims, and dummy design.
Closure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy after surgery for posterior cranial fossa tumor: The "snow globe effect".

AbstractThe management of obstructive hydrocephalus associated to posterior cranial fossa tumor remains a controversial issue. In this context, the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) performed before tumor removal (the so-called preoperative ETV) is debated and its success rate is reported as being largely variable in the literature.We describe two children who experienced the closure of a preoperatively performed ETV after the surgical resection of their posterior fossa tumor. In both cases tumor removal was performed in the prone position. Radiological investigations and intraoperative evidence documented that the failure of the ETV was due to a blood clot which directly occluded the stoma.We speculate that the prone position favored the migration of blood, through the aqueduct, thereafter, clotting on the most declivous part of the third ventricle once the patient assumed the upright position, with the consequent occlusion of the stoma. Based on a gravitational hypothesis, we named this mec...
CHANNEL CATFISH PRODUCTION WITH COMBINATION AND REPLACEMENT STOCKING

Abstract A production strategy for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus that helps increase pond production, keeps size-classes of fish in discrete groups, and provides multiple harvest dates throughout the year was developed and tested. Fingerling catfish were graded into three different size-groups and stocked into 0.04-ha ponds at a density of 900 fish/pond (450 fish stocked loose in the pond and 450 fish stocked in a 1.25-m3 cage). The caged fish were either harvested for the whole-fish market (weight, 90–330 g) or transferred into vacated ponds when the daily feeding rate of the total pond (open pond and cage) reached 112 kg/ha. The remaining fish were fed until the daily feeding rate again reached 112 kg/ha; the fish in the open pond were then harvested for the fillet market (510–850 g). As a result of the combination stocking (fish stocked both loose in a pond and in a cage within the same pond) and the separation of size-cohorts, fish were harvested six times over an approximately 14-month period. ...
Mulheres, Resolução do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas 1325 e a necessidade de planos nacionais

Este artigo apresenta a historia da Resolucao do Conselho de Seguranca da ONU 1325 (Mulheres, Paz e Seguranca) e destaca a importância das Organizacoes Nao-Governamentais (ONGs) na adocao da presente resolucao. Os planos nacionais de acao da RCSNU 1325 sao brevemente discutidos, assim como a importância potencial desses planos e atividades selecionadas da RCSNU 1325 na America Latina. Na conclusao, sao apresentadas estrategias para incentivar o desenvolvimento de planos nacionais.
Skills and Tactics in Hospital Practice

This article presents a perspective that will, it is hoped, assist prac titioners in developing the organi zational skills they need to participate effectively in hospitals. The important ideas of this perspective, although not new, are often neglected in dis cussions about social work practice in hospitals. The author will also exam ine the nature of hospitals and of the hospital worker's practice-building and practice-implementing skills. Hospital social work is a practice largely characterized by conflict and pressure. Consider the following:
Formation of an Online Community of Practice: An Inductive Study Unearthing Key Elements

Informal conversations occur all day long among employees. These conversations allow employees to share experience such as innovative ideas for performing a task. Internalizing those experiences enables sharing of tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is valuable to business because it embodies expertise. Shared with others as storytelling or "war" stories, tacit knowledge is difficult to catalog and store. A model for connecting and sharing tacit knowledge is a community of practice. Information systems can be used to create, support, and maintain communities of practice in a variety of settings. Analogies can be drawn in the development of informal, learning communities in distance education to the creation of online communities of practice. Qualitative investigations of online interactions in a distance course highlight the development of an online community of practice. Implications of this study are discussed as well as the lessons learned.
Fournier's Gangrene Associated with Intradermal Injection of Cocaine

Abstract Introduction Cocaine abuse is associated with a number of medical complications, most notably arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cerebral hemorrhages. The injection of cocaine in the penis has been predominantly recorded into the corpus cavernosae and is associated with priapism. Aim Here we describe the injection of subcutaneous cocaine within the penile shaft skin producing ischemic necrosis and Fournier's gangrene. Main Outcome Measures We sought to highlight the effects of cocaine use within the penis and emphasize the different effects that may ensue. Methods We reviewed a recent clinical case and conducted a literature review on the use of cocaine within the penis. Results The use of cocaine has been reported previously within the literature and is mainly limited to case reports. Cocaine use within the corpora and the subcutaneous tissues produces significantly different consequences ranging from priapism to Fournier's gangrene. Conclusions The case illustrates the growing use of cocaine and other illicit drugs and emphasizes the importance of this issue to all clinicians.
Do Accounting Faculty Characteristics Impact CPA Exam Performance? An Investigation of Nearly 700,000 Examinations

ABSTRACT: While many colleges and universities publicize CPA examination pass rates as evidence of having a high-quality accounting program, some have questioned whether program-specific characteristics are legitimate predictors of examination success. To examine this issue, we empirically investigate the link between accounting faculty characteristics and performance on the CPA examination. We examine the results from nearly 700,000 first-time exam sittings taken during the period 2005–2013 and find that faculty research and teaching specialization has a significant impact on CPA exam performance. That is, when a program has a relatively higher percentage of accounting faculty with expertise in a particular content area tested on the exam (e.g., auditing), graduates achieve higher scores on the related exam section (e.g., AUD). We also find that faculty research productivity and CPA certification status are positively related to candidate exam performance. We believe these results contribute to the exist...
The Law's Delay: A Test of the Mechanisms of Judicial Peer Effects

The presence of “peer effects”—that an ideologically homogenous panel decides a case in a more characteristically partisan way than an ideologically diverse panel—is a standard finding in studies of appellate decision-making, but the mechanisms that generate peer effects are not well understood. This article examines a previously overlooked implication that the leading theories of peer effects hold for the speed of judicial decision-making. One set of theories asserts that peer effects result from preference-revealing interactions among judges, such as deliberation or negotiation. These interactions are potentially time-consuming. Other theories, such as whistleblowing and dissent aversion, claim that peer effects result from a judge’s response to existing knowledge of her colleagues’ preferences. These responses are potentially instantaneous. A simple prediction is that if bargaining or deliberation, rather than whistleblowing or dissent aversion, causes peer effects, ideologically mixed panels should be slower to render decisions than ideologically homogenous panels. The article tests this prediction against a sample of administrative law decisions that have previously been shown to exhibit strong peer effects. The article’s main estimates show that the ideological diversity of a panel does not correlate with the speed of decision-making. This finding suggests that preference-revealing interactions do not cause judicial peer effects. But, the results show that law, specifically deference standards, influence the speed of decision-making. A court is substantially quicker when validating rather than invalidating an agency decision, regardless of the panel’s affinity for the substance of the agency decision.
Evolution of single practice trends in the surgical approach to the undescended testicle.

Purpose: The surgical approach to palpable and nonpalpable testicles has changed with increasing use of a single scrotal incision and laparoscopy, respectively. We identified current trends in the surgical approach to undescended testicles in the practice of a single surgeon at our institution.Materials and Methods: A total of 580 orchiopexies were performed in 554 patients by a single surgeon between January 2002 and July 2009. Study inclusion criteria were palpable and nonpalpable primary undescended testicles. Patients were stratified into groups based on the date of the initial procedure by year. A retrospective chart review was performed and the surgical approach in each patient was recorded as laparoscopic, transinguinal abdominal, inguinal or scrotal.Results: During the 7-year period the percent of orchiopexies performed through a single scrotal incision increased from approximately 15% to a high of 63%. The overall percent of cases performed through a standard inguinal incision decreased from 65% ...
Problem Definition, Agenda Access, and Policy Choice

Problem definition is fundamental to public policy making, intertwined as it is with the political process throughout the activities of issue initiation, program design, and legislative enactment. Yet problem definition remains in immature analytic construct, productive of only a modest amount of scholarship that is lacking a coherent shared framework. Seeking to address this deficiency, this article systematically examines the origins, elements, and consequences of problem definition, relating this discussion to previous literature in the area, current policymaking developments, and future research needs.
Pigeons may not use dual coding in the radial maze analog task.

Using a radial maze analog task, T. R. Zentall, J. N. Steirn, and P. Jackson-Smith (1990) found evidence that when a delay was interpolated early in a trial, pigeons coded locations retrospectively, but when the delay was interpolated late in the trial, they coded locations prospectively (support for a dual coding hypothesis). In Experiment 1 of the present study, the authors replicated the original finding of dual coding. In Experiments 2 and 3, they used a 2-alternative test procedure that does not require the assumption that pigeons’ choice criterion, which changes over the course of the trial, is the same on delay and control trials. Under these conditions, the pigeons no longer showed evidence for dual coding. Instead, there was some evidence that they showed prospective coding, but a more parsimonious account of the results may be that the delay produced a relatively constant decrement in performance at all points of delay interpolation. The original finding of dual coding by Zentall et al. might have been biased by more impulsive choices early in control trials but not in delay trials and by a more stringent choice criterion late in delay trials.
Acceptable decision processes and acceptable risks in public sector regulations

Risk analysis and risk-benefit analysis are more and more widely used for regulatory purpose. Instead of searching for an acceptable risk, it is proposed here to study some characteristics of acceptable decision processes in which risk analysis results constitute part of the information but can in no way be used as decision criteria. It is argued that consistency of standards relies on consistency of government principles, of laws, of information used, and finally of the safety levels that are achieved. The characteristics of each specific risk may justify different levels of acceptance of risks and costs. An acceptable decision process is one in which these differences correspond to actual preferences, therefore, one in which complete information and value judgments of affected individuals are explicitly considered.
Assistive Devices in Context: Cross-Sectional Association Between Challenges in the Home Environment and Use of Assistive Devices for Mobility

Purpose: A primary goal for aging policy is to optimize independence in later life. We estimate the cross-sectional association between physical and social challenge in the home environment and use of assistive devices (AD) for mobility in the home, controlling for lower extremity physical performance (short physical performance battery [SPPB]) and other factors. Design and Methods: Data are from the Women’s Health and Aging Study I, a prospective study of the factors related to physical disability in a sample of moderately to severely disabled older women. We describe these associations in the baseline sample overall and also within subsets who do and do not have both a baseline and a 3-year follow-up observation. Results: On average, physical challenge in the home environment is inversely associated with level of AD use (p < .05) in the overall sample, independent of SPPB, living alone, and other factors. We do not find a significant (p < .05) association between social challenge and the level of AD use in the overall sample. Findings by follow-up responder status were similar (with minor variability). Implications: Future cohorts who are better educated and more receptive to technology may confront challenges in the home environment that limit their ability to age in place. Our findings suggest that the physical challenges of the home are significantly related to AD use. Future analyses that explore the mechanisms of the home environment as a source of challenges to independent functioning could help in the design of future interventions for these cohorts as they age.
Applying discrete choice models to predict Academy Award winners

Summary. Every year since 1928, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has recognized outstanding achievement in film with their prestigious Academy Award, or Oscar. Before the winners in various categories are announced, there is intense media and public interest in predicting who will come away from the awards ceremony with an Oscar statuette. There are no end of theories about which nominees are most likely to win, yet despite this there continue to be major surprises when the winners are announced. The paper frames the question of predicting the four major awards—picture, director, actor in a leading role and actress in a leading role—as a discrete choice problem. It is then possible to predict the winners in these four categories with a reasonable degree of success. The analysis also reveals which past results might be considered truly surprising—nominees with low estimated probability of winning who have overcome nominees who were strongly favoured to win.
Thrips tabaci population genetic structure and polyploidy in relation to competency as a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus.

Knowledge of population-level genetic differences can help explain variation among populations of insect vectors in their role in the epidemiology of specific viruses. Variation in competency to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that exists among populations of Thrips tabaci has been associated with the presence of cryptic species that exhibit different modes of reproduction and host ranges. However, recent findings suggest that vector competency of T. tabaci at any given location depends on the thrips and virus populations that are present. This study characterizes the population genetic structure of T. tabaci collected from four locations in North Carolina and examines the relationship between population genetic structure and variation in TSWV transmission by T. tabaci. Mitochondrial COI sequence analysis revealed the presence of two genetically distinct groups with one characterized by thelytokous, parthenogenetic reproduction and the other by arrhenotokous, sexual reproduction. Using a set of 11 microsatellite markers that we developed to investigate T. tabaci population genetic structure, we identified 17 clonal groups and found significant genetic structuring among the four NC populations that corresponded to the geographic locations where the populations were collected. Application of microsatellite markers also led to the discovery of polyploidy in this species. All four populations contained tetraploid individuals, and three contained both diploid and tetraploid individuals. Analysis of variation in transmission ofTSWV among isofemale lines initiated with individuals used in this study revealed that ‘clone assignment,’ ‘virus isolate’ and their interaction significantly influenced vector competency. These results highlight the importance of interactions between specific T. tabaci clonal types and specific TSWV isolates underlying transmission of TSWV by T. tabaci.
School performance, lack of facilities, and safety concerns: barriers to parents' support of their children's physical activity.

Abstract Purpose. To identify barriers to parents' support of their children's physical activity (PA) and to develop a survey to assess such barriers. Methods. Eighty-two parents (40 white; 36 African-American; 6 other) of elementary school–aged children participated in small-group interviews. Parents reported barriers to supporting their children's PA and suggested possible solutions. This information was used to develop the Barriers to Activity Support Scale (BASS), which was completed by 75 of the 82 parents along with a survey that assessed the parents' support for their children's PA. Results. Parents reported community-based, interpersonal, and intrapersonal barriers to supporting their children's PA. Top barriers included the importance of children's school performance, a lack of facilities, and concerns about safety. Parents who reported greater barriers reported lower support for their children's PA. Discussion. Results provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the BASS and...
U.S. Consumer Animosity Towards Vietnam: A Comparison Of Generations

Previous marketing literature suggests that unique marketing strategies are needed for each American generation (Moschis, 2003). The differences between the generational age cohorts are based upon values, preferences, and behaviors unique to each generation and were developed based upon individuals’ formative experiences shared as a generation (Smith and Clurman, 1997). While age has been identified as a factor to the development of consumer animosity (Klein and Ettenson, 1999), the question remains: Do older consumers harbor more animosity towards foreign nations? Is it the environment in which each person forms their values, preferences, and behaviors that helps determine their level of animosity? The current study uses a historical context to examine American generations and their animosity towards Vietnam. Results support the hypotheses that American generations do not significantly differ in their levels of animosity towards Vietnam. The findings suggest that age has a spurious correlation with the development of consumer animosity.
Myro-C++: An Open Source C++ Library for CS Education Using AI

In this paper we present Myro-C++, developed at the University of Tennessee. Myro-C++ is a C++ port of the Python Myro library that was written by the Institute for Personal Robots in Education (IPRE) at Georgia Tech and Bryn Mawr College. Myro-C++ is publicly available, open source software, released under the GPLv3 open source license. At the time of writing, the library has been used six semesters for the CS1 course at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The library contains functions for control of the robot and access to sensor information, and provides the ability to display the live camera image from the robot into a video window. This library is used as a teaching tool in our CS1 course where students learn basic programming fundamentals using multiple artificial intelligence based labs. In addition to the software, the IPRE book, Learning Computing with Robots, has been edited to use C++ examples and explanations, and is freely available. We also present example programs that we use as laboratory assignments in our Introduction to Computer Science course, which are also freely available.
PASSAGE: A Travel Safety Assistant with Safe Path Recommendations for Pedestrians

Atlanta has consistently ranked as one of the most dangerous cities in America with over 2.5 million crime events recorded within the past six years. People who commute by walking are highly susceptible to crime here. To address this problem, our group has developed a mobile application, PASSAGE, that integrates Atlanta-based crime data to find "safe paths" between any given start and end locations in Atlanta. It also provides security features in a convenient user interface to further enhance safety while walking.
Why 95% of weight control failed?

More and more people are going on diet in China.Similar to the failure rate of 95% in foreign countries,the weight-losing efforts of the most people in China end in failure.Why those people of strong will who have spent a lot of efforts in losing weight cannot achieve success? To answer this question,we must know what obesity is,why people get fat,how to define failure of losing weight,what changes of body and consciousness take place in losing weight,what is the min reason for failure of losing weight and what is the secret of a few successful people in losing weight.The article discusses the above questions according to the latest research results abroad.It recommends some scientific ways for losing weight properly.
Single coronary artery with a fistula to the main pulmonary artery in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot.

The presence of a single coronary artery arising in the anterior cusp and terminating in a large fistula to the main pulmonary artery was noted during the preoperative evaluation of a patient with tetralogy of Fallot. Recognition of this rare association dictated the use of a valved conduit to avoid injury to the left anterior descending coronary as it crossed the right ventricular outflow tract and permitted abolition of intracardiac shunting by ligation of the fistula. It is postulated that the increasing arterial saturation noted in this patient prior to intracardiac repair may have been related in part to progressive augmentation inflow through the coronary fistula to the main pulmonary artery.
Cardiac imaging after acute myocardial infarction. Identification of patients at continued risk.

PreviewPatients who have had a cardiac event and are at high risk for another can benefit greatly from the various techniques available for diagnostic imaging. For example, imaging using infarct-avid agents can estimate the extent of damage from myocardial infarction, myocardial perfusion imaging can assess residual jeopardized myocardium, and two-dimensional echocardiography can provide clues to complications of infarction. Dr Bean discusses these techniques and others and their application for risk stratification.
Comparison of Methods to Monitor the Distribution and Impacts of Unauthorized Travel Routes in a Border Park

ABSTRACT: The distribution and abundance of human-caused disturbances vary greatly through space and time and are cause for concern among land stewards in natural areas of the southwestern border-lands between the USA and Mexico. Human migration and border protection along the international boundary create Unauthorized Trail and Road (UTR) networks across National Park Service lands and other natural areas. UTRs may cause soil erosion and compaction, damage to vegetation and cultural resources, and may stress wildlife or impede their movements. We quantify the density and severity of UTR disturbances in relation to soils, and compare the use of previously established targeted trail assessments (hereafter — targeted assessments) against randomly placed transects to detect trail densities at Coronado National Memorial in Arizona in 2011. While trail distributions were similar between methods, targeted assessments estimated a large portion of the park to have the lowest density category (0–5 trail encounters...
Heterogeneous III-V / Si photonic integration

We review recent advances in heterogeneous silicon photonic integration technology and components and describe progress in silicon photonic integrated circuits. Techniques for laser integration and the impact of active silicon photonic integrated circuits could have on interconnects, telecommunications and silicon electronics are reviewed.
An historic and scientific study of the properties of metal(III) tris-acetylacetonates

Historically, metal acetylacetonates are significant since they were among the earliest metal compounds which were recognized as what later became known as coordination compounds. Additionally, they were significantly investigated during WWII as potentially useful in the separation of isotopes, especially of uranium because of their unexpected volatility. Consequently, much research was carried out over the years—a good deal of which was of suspect validity, which unfortunately cannot be checked because very little information was published on the syntheses and crystallization methods used in the preparation of the crystalline samples. Here, we report our efforts to clean the slate by reporting on those of Al(III), Mn(III), Co(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), V(III), and Ti(III). These studies were carried out with crystalline samples obtained from a wide variety of solvents and over the range 296–100 K in attempts to reproduce, verify, and correct, at times, the claims made in print. Our results, covering over 100 samples, are detailed below.
The role of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in ultraviolet radiation-induced cortical cataracts in vivo.

Purpose. Previous work has shown that exposure of lens epithelial cells or rabbit eyes in vivo to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation enhanced prostaglandin (PG)E 2 synthesis. Such enhanced PGE 2 synthesis was related to the increased DNA synthesis that followed UVB exposure. The current study examined the relationship between enhanced prostaglandin synthesis and UVB-induced cataract formation. Methods. Seventy albino (New Zealand white) rabbit eyes were exposed to UVB radiation in vivo. Fluence of radiation at the cornea was 2.8 J/cm 2 , 5.6 J/cm 2 , or 11.2 J/cm 2 . Eyes were examined 24 hours after UVB exposure and for as long as 10 days by slit lamp biomicroscopy. Mass spectrometry was used to measure PGE 2 , PGF 2α , and 6-keto-PGF 1α content of the lens and iris-ciliary body using authentic standards. To determine the effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on UVB-induced cataract formation, animals were given indomethacin intraperitoneally. Other pharmacologic agents, such as PGE 2 , PGF 2α , and misoprostol, were applied topically to the eye. The effect of UVB on K + pump was determined by incubating isolated lenses with [ 86 Rb + ]. Results. Twenty-four hours after UVB exposure, PGE 2 and PGF 2α concentrations in aqueous humor were increased by 100- and 30-fold, respectively. Lens PGE 2 and PGF 2α increased by 6- and 4-fold, respectively, after UVB radiation exposure. Pretreatment of animals with indomethacin prevented the rise in lens and aqueous humor PGE 2 and PGF 2α levels. Furthermore, indomethacin was partially protective against UVB cataract formation and lowered cataract severity from stage 3 to stage 1, but it did not prevent UVB-induced lens changes completely. Topical application of PGE 2 before UVB exposure completely prevented cataract formation in the UVB-exposed eye. In contrast, topical administration of PGF 2α increased cataract severity. UVB-induced cataract formation preceded changes in [ 86 Rb] + uptake in lenses subsequently incubated in K + -free Tyrode's. Conclusions. Enhanced synthesis of cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism in the lens is associated with UVB-induced cataract formation in albino rabbit eyes, and inhibition of cyclooxygenase by indomethacin decreased the severity of cataracts. PGE 2 , the principal arachidonic acid metabolite, appears to have a protective role because pretreatment of the eye with topical PGE 2 completely prevented UVB-induced cataract formation, whereas PGF 2α increased the severity of the cataract. The evidence presented for a role of PGF 2α in the development of cataract suggests that caution be exercised in the use of PGF 2α derivatives in the therapy of glaucoma.
Cancer incidence among boat-building workers exposed to styrene.

Background A cancer incidence analysis was conducted on The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health boat-builders cohort exposed to styrene, a possible carcinogen. Methods Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and standardized rate ratios (SRR) were calculated using national and Washington State rates and a person-years analysis program. Results Among 3704 workers living in Washington State after 1991, when cancer registry case accrual began, 516 first primary diagnoses occurred through 2007. While overall cancer incidence was significantly reduced [SIR: 0.83 (0.76, 0.90)], internal comparisons suggest an association with exposure comparing high to low exposed person-time [SRR: 1.28 (1.05, 1.55)]. Conclusion There is evidence of styrene exposure being linked to cancer incidence, which is notable since the cohort has not yet reached the median age of cancer diagnosis (65) in the United States.
»Das Hotel« (Fragment 1994)

Der im Dezember 1928 im Gesprach mit Max Reinhardt entwickelte Plan einer modernen »Sprechoperette « (SW XXII, 280) zeigt die groste Nahe Hofmannsthals zur Literatur der Neuen Sachlichkeit.
A 1.2A auto-configurable dual-output switched-capacitor DC-DC regulator with continuous gate-drive modulation achieving <0.01mV/mA cross regulation

An auto-configurable dual-output switched-capacitor DC-DC regulator for portable applications is presented in this paper. With 100s-of-mA load per output, a continuous gate-drive modulation scheme is proposed not only to minimize output cross regulation under load-step transient, but also to reduce output voltage ripple with small output capacitance. An all-nMOS reconfigurable power stage, together with sharing of flying capacitors and power transistors between outputs, is developed to improve both board and chip area efficiency of the regulator. Implemented in a 0.13μm CMOS process, the proposed regulator generates two outputs of 0.8V and 1.6V, supports 600mA/output load with only a 2.2μF output capacitor, and offers 87.6% peak power efficiency. Compared to state-of-the-art single-inductor multiple-output DC-DC converters, the proposed SC regulator improves the output cross regulation by >4× with larger load steps and smaller load capacitance/output.
Effects of argon sputtering and UV-ozone radiation on the physico-chemical surface properties of ITO

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) were used to evaluate and determine the effects of 1 KeV Ar+ irradiation (sputtering) on the surface chemical composition and work function of Indium Thin Oxide (ITO). While Ar+ sputtering removes carbon-based surface contaminants, it also modifies the Sn-rich surface of ITO and leads to a reduction of the oxidation state of Sn from Sn4+ to Sn2+. The decrease in the work function of ITO is directly correlated to the decrease of Sn atomic concentration in the Sn-rich top surface layer and the reduction of the oxidation state of surface Sn.
Re)defining heteronormativity

In this article, we examine definitions tied to the term heteronormativity. Taking a random sample of articles from Gender Studies and SociIndex, and a purposive sample of articles from various jou...
Cardiovascular Imaging With 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients With Fibroinflammatory Disorders.

Fibroinflammatory disorders are rare disorders characterized by chronic inflammation in combination with fibrosis that affect multiple organs. Among the fibroinflammatory disorders, 2 present with specific cardiovascular involvement, the immunoglobulin G4–related disease, which presents with
The Dynamics of Change in the Architecture of Complex Systems

The proposed presenter symposium brings together a selection of articles that examine various antecedents of the evolution of systems architecture. The concept of architecture, broadly defined as t...
Can Pokémon GO catch brands? The fit effect of game characters and brands on efficacy of brand communications

Given the recent popularity of augmented reality (AR) games, such as Pokemon GO, this study explores the congruence effect of game characters and brands on brand evaluations and the underlying mech...
The Experimental Difficulty of Optical Squeezed-State Generation

Squeezed or two-photon coherent states of electromagnetic radiation show phase-dependent quantum fluctuations in the complex amplitude in contrast to the coherent states normally encountered in quantum electronics. Since the product of the quantum-mechanical uncertainties in the two quadratures can remain equal to the limit set by the uncertainty principle, squeezed states can give reduced quantum noise in certain experiments. Such states have been the subject of much theoretical study1 but so far eluded experimental realization.
Personalism in Grote’s Writings

As indicated at the close of the last chapter, Grote may be classed as an epistemological personalist. It may be added that he is also a metaphysical personalist. Let us look at each of these terms, both to see what is meant by them and also how they apply to Grote’s philosophy. First, as an epistemological personalist Grote reveals his position by pointing out that the common source of thought and ‘thing’ is to be found in deity mediated through human personality. Man is a partaker of a nature above phenomenal nature. This higher nature is of “a Planner or Maker with his ideas and his purposes.”1
Homologous Carcinomas of the Breasts, Skin, and Salivary Glands: A Histologic and Immunohistochemical Comparison of Ductal Mammary Carcinoma, Ductal Sweat Gland Carcinoma, and Salivary Duct Carcinoma

Morphologic mimicry among human malignant neoplasms is a well-known phenomenon in surgical pathology; both undifferentiated and "committed" neoplasms may exhibit this trait. One particularly common group of histologic simulants includes ductal carcinomas of the breasts, the cutaneous appendages, and the salivary glands. One hundred three tumors in this structural cluster were analyzed microscopically and immunohistologically to codify points of potential pathologic similarity and difference. All the lesions were typified by irregularly permeative clusters and cords of atypical polygonal cells with variable luminal differentiation. A proportion of primary neoplasms in each site demonstrated in situ ductal components; in the absence of the latter elements, however, it was not possible to make topography-related morphologic distinctions among them. Immunostains for gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, estrogen receptor protein, and progesterone receptor protein also showed largely overlapping phenotypes in each of the three tumor categories, with selected exceptions. These differences were elucidated through paired chi 2 analysis and included a statistically significant infrequency of GCDFP-15 in eccrine sweat gland carcinomas, a paucity of carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancers, and an absence of estrogen receptor protein in salivary duct carcinomas. Such findings may be useful in predefined differential diagnostic settings involving the distinction between primary and metastatic ductal cancers of the breasts, skin, and salivary glands. Nevertheless, because of the striking homologies between such tumors at structural and protein-synthetic levels of comparison, it is mandatory that all available clinicopathologic information be used in this context.
1.01 – The Visual System and Its Stimuli

Introducing a handbook volume devoted to the sense of vision, this chapter surveys the stimuli that generate visual responses and are used in neural, psychophysical, and perceptual research, and examines, conceptually and historically, their relation to the world of physics. Problems of categorization, and specification of variables, are analyzed, using as a particular example the coordinates of physical and visual space. The utility of theories of information and coding is discussed with special reference to prior knowledge, Bayesian inference, and stimulus ensembles, ranging from geometrical abstractions to natural scenes.
High-Risk Children and Adolescents: Family and Community Environments:

Developmental factors, family problems such as substance abuse, and other environmental variables, including violence, greatly affect the adjustment and coping of children and youth. Such variables...