cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Volume Testing and DC Offset Trimming Technique of On-Die Bandgap Voltage Reference for SOCs and Microprocessors

Since the VLSI chips were invented, as predicted by Moore’s law, the performance, the power, and the cost of the VLSI chips have been improved, which brought a significant benefit to the economy. However, some of the analog circuits do not get a full benefit from the scaling, due to the increased device variability with transistors in smaller dimension. Under such circumstance, the calibration and trimming techniques are essential to overcome the sensitivity to the process variation. This paper presents the trimming technique to correct the direct current (dc) offset error of the bandgap voltage reference circuit, which complies with the high-volume manufacturing (HVM) requirements. The proposed trimming method consists of the combination of two different sequences, the coarse and fine trimming. The accuracy of the dc offset trimming is evaluated by the newly invented method that complies with the HVM requirements. With a compact silicon area of only 700 $\mu \text{m}^{2}$ , the dc offset trimming circuit achieved an accuracy of ±5 mV ( $4\sigma$ ) as a result of the coarse and fine trimming operations.
Styloidogenic Jugular Venous Compression Syndrome: Clinical Features and Case Series

BACKGROUND Styloidogenic jugular venous compression syndrome (SJVCS) is a rare cause of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). OBJECTIVE To elucidate the pathophysiology and the hemodynamics of SJVCS. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of medical records, clinical images, dynamic venography, and manometry for consecutive patients with SJVCS undergoing microsurgical decompression from April 2009 to October 2017. Patients with IIH with normal venography and manometry findings served as controls. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 10 patients with SJVCS who presented with headaches. Neck flexion exacerbated headaches in 7 patients. Eleven patients with IIH provided control data for normal intracranial venous pressure and styloid process anatomy. Patients with SJVCS had bilateral osseous compression of venous outflow. The styloid processes were significantly longer in patients with SJVCS than in those with IIH (mean [standard deviation (SD)] distance, 31.0 [10.6] vs 19.0 [14.1] mm; P < .01). The styloid process-C1 lateral tubercle distance was shorter in patients with SJVCS than in those with IIH (mean [SD] distance, 2.9 [1.0] vs 9.9 [2.8] mm; P < .01). Patients with SJVCS had significantly higher global venous pressure and a higher pressure gradient across the stenosis site than controls (mean [SD] pressure, 2.86 [2.61] vs 0.13 [1.09] cm H2O; P = .09). All 10 patients with SJVCS experienced venous pressure elevation during contralateral neck turning (mean [SD] pressure, 4.29 [2.50] cm H2O). All 10 patients with SJVCS underwent transcervical microsurgical decompression, and 9 experienced postoperative improvement or resolution of symptoms. One patient had transient postoperative dysphagia and facial drooping, and another patient reported jaw numbness. CONCLUSION SJVCS is a novel clinical entity causing IIH. Patients should be evaluated with dynamic venography with manometry. Surgical decompression with removal of osseous overgrowth is an effective treatment in select patients.
How Did Geography Affect the Haitian Revolution

This paper concerns Haiti’s geography and how it affected the Haitian Revolution. Its aims involve detailing the geography (especially human and physical) of colonial Saint-Domingue at the end of the Eighteenth Century and investigating the impact of that geography on the Haitian Revolution. The study focuses chiefly on primary sources from France, Saint-Domingue, and the United States in the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth centuries and uses them to narrate the relationship of the Haitian revolutionaries to the geography of their country. It paints a picture of colonial Saint-Domingue as a mountainous and sparsely-populated place, largely remote from the French metropole, and with certain regions alienated from each other by a lack of economic ties. It then discusses the unconventional, Fabian, and proto-Guerrilla tactics that the Haitian revolutionaries employed, including asymmetric warfare, the employment of the surrounding biome in manufacturing supplies and gaining positional advantages, and the use of mountainous jungle to bluff the enemy concerning the size and equipment of insurgent forces. It notes how this strategy works symbiotically with the local environment, and how it propelled the Haitian Revolution to victory and allowed the continuous maintenance of an upper hand against enemy armies despite a disadvantage in numbers and equipment and a pro forma colony-metropole relationship with France. It describes the ways in which this symbiotic relationship with geography not only won Haiti’s independence but also shook the world. This paper describes Saint-Domingue’s geography during the time of the Haitian Revolution, and then discusses the importance of this geography in the creation of the first revolutionary black republic.
Top predators induce habitat shifts in prey within marine protected areas

Emerging conservation efforts for the world’s large predators may, if successful, restore natural predator–prey interactions. Marine reserves, where large predators tend to be relatively common, offer an experimental manipulation to investigate interactions between large-bodied marine predators and their prey. We hypothesized that southern stingrays—large, long-lived and highly interactive mesopredators—would invest in anti-predator behavior in marine reserves where predatory large sharks, the primary predator of stingrays, are more abundant. Specifically, we predicted southern stingrays in marine reserves would reduce the use of deep forereef habitats in the favor of shallow flats where the risk of shark encounters is lower. Baited remote underwater video was used to survey stingrays and reef sharks in flats and forereef habitats of two reserves and two fished sites in Belize. The interaction between “protection status” and “habitat” was the most important factor determining stingray presence. As predicted, southern stingrays spent more time interacting with baited remote underwater videos in the safer flats habitats, were more likely to have predator-inflicted damage inside reserves, and were less abundant in marine reserves but only in the forereef habitat. These results are consistent with a predation-sensitive habitat shift rather than southern stingray populations being reduced by direct predation from reef sharks. Our study provides evidence that roving predators can induce pronounced habitat shifts in prey that rely on crypsis and refuging, rather than active escape, in high-visibility, heterogeneous marine habitats. Given documented impacts of stingrays on benthic communities it is possible restoration of reef shark populations with reserves could induce reef ecosystem changes through behavior-mediated trophic cascades.
A phenotypic and genomics approach in a multi-ethnic cohort to subtype systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which outcomes vary among different racial groups. Here, we aim to identify SLE subgroups within a multiethnic cohort using an unsupervised clustering approach based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. We identify three patient clusters that vary according to disease severity. Methylation association analysis identifies a set of 256 differentially methylated CpGs across clusters, including 101 CpGs in genes in the Type I Interferon pathway, and we validate these associations in an external cohort. A cis-methylation quantitative trait loci analysis identifies 744 significant CpG-SNP pairs. The methylation signature is enriched for ethnic-associated CpGs suggesting that genetic and non-genetic factors may drive outcomes and ethnic-associated methylation differences. Our computational approach highlights molecular differences associated with clusters rather than single outcome measures. This work demonstrates the utility of applying integrative methods to address clinical heterogeneity in multifactorial multi-ethnic disease settings. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of substantial phenotypic heterogeneity in different ethnic groups. Here, using data from a multi-ethnic cohort, the authors describe an approach based on clinical and molecular data to subtype SLE patients into three clusters of severity.
Estudio de caso sociocultural en traducción como aprendizaje-servicio: Moldeando el perfil profesional de aprendices de español como lengua de herencia y entendiendo su sentido de multicultiralismo

There is a growing demand for certifications (e.g., translation and interpretation) that validate the linguistic knowledge and professional capabilities of Spanish heritage language learners. Given the practicality of the accreditations in question, the engagement of Spanish heritage language learners in hands-on tasks that involve the surrounding community is also in the raise. Thus, this study mainly seeks to explore whether, and how the involvement in a Spanish translation course embedded in a service-learning task, shapes the professional and multicultural profile of a Spanish heritage language learner in the Midwest of the United States of America. A secondary objective of the present work is to establish any relationship between the tools (i.e., online and computerized visual resources) that were available for the participant to complete the outreach project and the way the task was approached. To achieve both aims, the obtained data was analyzed drawing upon activity theory. The results of this study suggest the multiculturalism, bilingualism, available tools, such as visual aids and specialized medical dictionaries, enabled a sense of preparation particularly corresponded to five factors. Two of these were language-related: (1) becoming aware of sociolinguistic features (i.e., formal vs. informal register), and (2) acquiring a more complex and professional jargon (i.e., medical lexicon); while the other three were embedded in translation matters. The latter implied the development of three specific techniques: (a) visiting with community members before the interpretation procedure takes place; (b) encouraging the latter group to maintain eye contact with the professionals with whom they intended to communicate; and (c) developing the ability to convey the message without doing a word for word linguistic equivalence. The results in the type of research suggested here are foreseen to provide knowledge that could facilitate further understanding of the relevance of service-learning when teaching Spanish to heritage language learners.
Obliquity dependence of the formation of the martian polar layered deposits

Abstract Mars' polar layered deposits (PLD) are comprised of layers of varying dust-to-water ice volume mixing ratios (VMR) that are thought to record astronomically-forced climatic variation over Mars’ recent orbital history. Retracing the formation history of these layers by quantifying the sensitivity of deposition rates of polar material to astronomical forcing is critical for the interpretation of this record. Using a Mars global climate model (GCM), we investigate the sensitivity of annual polar water ice and dust surface deposition to a variety of obliquity and surface water ice source configurations at zero eccentricity that provide a reasonable characterization of the evolution of the PLD during recent low-eccentricity epochs. The GCM employs a fully interactive dust lifting/transport scheme and accounts for the coupling effects of the physics of dust and water on the transport and deposition of water ice and dust. Under a range of tested obliquities (15°–35°), the predicted net annual accumulation rates range from −1 ​mm/yr to +14 ​mm/yr for water ice and from +0.003 to +0.3 mm/yr for dust. GCM-derived accumulation rates are ingested into an integration model that simulates polar accumulation of water ice and dust over five consecutive obliquity cycles (∼700 thousand years) during a low eccentricity epoch. A subset of integration model simulations predict combined north polar water and dust accumulation rates that correspond to the observationally-inferred average growth rate of the north PLD (0.5 ​mm/yr). These integration model simulation results are characterized by net water transfer from the south to the north polar region. In the north, a ∼230 ​m-thick deposit is accumulated over ∼700 thousand years. Three types of layers are produced per obliquity cycle: a ∼30 m-thick dust-rich (20–30% dust VMR) layer that forms at high, a ∼0.5 m-thick dust lag deposit (pure dust) that forms at low obliquity, and two ∼10 m-thick dust-poor (∼3%) layers that separate the dust rich layers and form when obliquity is increasing or decreasing. The ∼30 m-thick dust-rich layer is reminiscent of a ∼30 m scale length feature derived from analysis of visible imagery of north PLD vertical structure, while the ∼0.5 m-thick dust lag is only a factor of ∼2 smaller than observed “thin layers”. Overall, this investigation provides further evidence for an obliquity forcing in the PLD climate record, and demonstrates the importance of ice-on-dust nucleation in polar depositional processes.
Patient, clinician, and communication factors associated with colorectal cancer screening

INTRODUCTION Screening for colorectal cancer is beneficial. Yet, screening remains suboptimal, and underserved populations are at greater risk for not being appropriately screened. Although many barriers to screening are understood, less is known about how the decision-making process on whether to receive colonoscopy or stool testing influences screening. METHODS As part of a randomized controlled trial to test engaging underserved populations in preventive care through online, personalized, educational material, 2417 patients aged 50 to 74 years were randomly selected from the 70,998 patients with an office visit the year prior and mailed a survey to assess decision-making for colorectal cancer screening. Twenty practices in practice-based research networks from 5 diverse states participated. Survey data were supplemented with electronic health record data. RESULTS Among respondents, 64% were or became up to date with screening within 3 months of their office visit. The main factor associated with being up to date was the length of the patient-clinician relationship (<6 months vs 5+ years: odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.80). Sharing the decision about screening options with the clinician was a predictor for being up to date compared with patients who made the decision for themselves (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.27-2.44). Only 36% of patients reported being given a choice about screening options. Traditional factors like race, employment, insurance, and education were not associated with screening. CONCLUSIONS Having a long-term relationship with a primary care clinician and sharing decisions may be key drivers to ensure evidence-based preventive care for underserved populations.
Emergent Oscillation Induced by Nutrient-Modulating Growth Feedback

Abstract Growth feedback, the inherent coupling between the synthetic gene circuit and the host cell growth, could significantly change the circuit behaviors. Previously, a diverse array of emerged behaviors, such as growth bistability, enhanced ultrasensitivity, and topology-dependent memory loss, were reported to be induced by growth feedback. However, the influence of the growth feedback on the circuit functions remains underexplored. Here, we reported an unexpected oscillatory behavior of a self-activation gene circuit induced by nutrient-modulating growth feedback. Specifically, after dilution of the activated self-activation switch into the fresh medium with moderate nutrient, its gene expression first decreases as the cell grows and then shows a significant overshoot before it reaches the steady states, leading to oscillation dynamics. Fitting the data with a coarse-grained model suggests a nonmonotonic growth-rate regulation on gene production rate. The underlying mechanism of the oscillation was demonstrated by a molecular mathematical model, which includes the ribosome allocation towards gene production, cell growth, and cell maintenance. Interestingly, the model predicted a counterintuitive dependence of oscillation amplitude on the nutrition level, where the highest peak was found in the medium with a moderate nutrient but was not observed in rich nutrient. We experimentally verified this prediction by tuning the nutrient level in the culture medium. We did not observe significant oscillatory behavior for toggle switch, suggesting that the emergence of oscillatory behavior depends on circuit network topology. Our results demonstrated a new nonlinear emergent behavior mediated by growth feedback, which depends on the ribosome allocation between gene circuit and cell growth.
Van der Waerden in Defense of Heisenberg

This chapter presents Aide-Memoire, Van der Waerden’s defense of Weisenberg and other Third Reich physicists, addressed to Niels Bohr, an arbiter of scholarly ethics. We also discuss secretly recorded in 1945 conversations of the German nuclear scientists, detained in England.
The analysis of life data for wood in the bending mode

The applicability of a proposed procedure based on accepted, reliable, statistics was evaluated for characterizing the duration of load properties of wood in bending. By subjecting small, clear, wood specimens to several constant stress levels, it was experimentally demonstrated that the proposed procedure is capable of estimating, at an acceptable level of confidence δ the maximum service life beyond which a specified proportion γ of the nominal population will survive. The extension of this procedure to structural sized members seems plausible, since an estimate of the short term ultimate strength for each specimen is not required. Another attribute of the procedure is that parametric estimates can be computed without failing all of the specimens; thus this should significantly reduce the duration of load test time.
Pulpal repair following operative procedures. Radioautographic demonstration with tritiated thymidine.

Abstract A radioautographic study, in which tritiated thymidine was used as the labeler, was performed on the molar teeth of albino rats which had received small but deep cavity preparations. Mitotic activity was noted in pulpal stromal cells as early as 2 days postpreparation and reached a peak at approximately the eighth day. Histodifferentiation to form mature odontoblasts had not as yet occurred. The labeling index of traumatized pulp was lower than that of developing stellate reticulum or epithelial adnexa. The early response of pulpal fibroblasts is to organize collagen as the dentinal matrix scar following destruction of odontoblasts.
The oxidative inactivation of mitochondrial electron transport chain components and ATPase.

Bovine heart submitochondrial particles (SMP) were exposed to continuous fluxes of hydroxyl radical (.OH) alone, superoxide anion radical (O2-) alone, or mixtures of .OH and O2-, by gamma radiolysis in the presence of 100% N2O (.OH exposure), 100% O2 + formate (O2- exposure), or 100% O2 alone (.OH + O2- exposure). Hydrogen peroxide effects were studied by addition of pure H2O2. NADH dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, succinate oxidase, and ATPase activities (Vmax) were rapidly inactivated by .OH (10% inactivation at 15-40 nmol of .OH/mg of SMP protein, 50-90% inactivation at 600 nmol of .OH/mg of SMP protein) and by .OH + O2- (10% inactivation at 20-80 nmol of .OH + O2-/mg of SMP protein, 45-75% inactivation at 600 nmol of .OH + O2-/mg of SMP protein). Importantly, O2- was a highly efficient inactivator of NADH dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase, and ATPase (10% inactivation at 20-50 nmol of O2-/mg of SMP protein, 40% inactivation at 600 nmol of O2-/mg of SMP protein), a mildly efficient inactivator of succinate dehydrogenase (10% inactivation at 150 nmol of O2-/mg of SMP protein, 30% inactivation at 600 nmol of O2-/mg of SMP protein), and a poor inactivator of succinate oxidase (less than 10% inactivation at 600 nmol of O2-/mg of SMP protein). H2O2 partially inactivated NADH dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase, and cytochrome oxidase, but even 10% loss of these activities required at least 500-600 nmol of H2O2/mg of SMP protein. Cytochrome oxidase activity (oxygen consumption supported by ascorbate + N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) was remarkably resistant to oxidative inactivation, with less than 20% loss of activity evident even at .OH, O2-, OH + O2-, or H2O2 concentrations of 600 nmol/mg of SMP protein. Cytochrome c oxidase activity, however (oxidation of, added, ferrocytochrome c), exhibited more than a 40% inactivation at 600 nmol of .OH/mg of SMP protein. The .OH-dependent inactivations reported above were largely inhibitable by the .OH scavenger mannitol. In contrast, the O2(-)-dependent inactivations were inhibited by active superoxide dismutase, but not by denatured superoxide dismutase or catalase. Membrane lipid peroxidation was evident with .OH exposure but could be prevented by various lipid-soluble antioxidants which did not protect enzymatic activities at all.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Induction and Repression in the S-Adenosylmethionine and Methionine Biosynthetic Systems of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Two methionine biosynthetic enzymes and the methionine adenosyltransferase are repressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae when grown under conditions where the intracellular levels of S-adenosylmethionine are high. The nature of the co-repressor molecule of this repression was investigated by following the intracellular levels of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine, as well as enzyme activities, after growth under various conditions. Under all of the conditions found to repress these enzymes, there is an accompanying induction of the S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase which suggests that this enzyme may play a key role in the regulation of S-adenosylmethionine and methionine balance and synthesis. S-methylmethionine also induces the methyltransferase, but unlike S-adenosylmethionine, it does not repress the methionine adenosyltransferase or other methionine biosynthetic enzymes tested.
Trading Freely and Fairly: Formation of PTAs under Fair Trade Mandates

, and for most ofthe modern history, concerns about fairness pertained to \dumping" and the need to \levelthe playing eld" against unfair pricing by foreign entities. In the 1980s, complaints bythe U.S. government and companies against the Japanese market condemned the unfairnessof the keiretsu system in the country along with the policies of the Japanese Ministry ofInternational Trade and Industry (MITI).
The sidedness of the COOH terminus of the acetylcholine receptor δ subunit

Abstract The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo sp. occurs as a dimer, disulfide-cross-linked between delta subunits. We determined the sidedness of the COOH terminus of the acetylcholine receptor delta subunit by locating the delta-delta disulfide relative to the membrane and by identifying the Cys residue forming the disulfide. We used receptor-rich native membrane vesicles isolated from Torpedo californica electric tissue and characterized as to orientation and intactness. These vesicles had not been extracted and retained v ("43-kDa protein") as a marker of the cytoplasmic surface. Using the reduction of v as an assay of permeability, we showed that two reductants, 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate and reduced glutathione, were relatively impermeant. Both of these reductants reduced the delta-delta disulfide in sealed right-side-out vesicles equally in the presence and absence of saponin, and 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate reduced this disulfide equally in the presence and absence of Triton X-100. By contrast, surfactants enhanced the reduction of dimer in inside-out and sequestered vesicles. We conclude that the disulfide is extracellular. To identify the Cys residue forming the disulfide, we labeled the sulfhydryls both in receptor dimer and in monomer generated by mild reduction of dimer. By high performance liquid chromatography and NH2-terminal sequencing of cyanogen bromide fragments of labeled delta-delta dimer and delta monomer, we found that the penultimate residue, delta-Cys-500, uniquely formed an intersubunit disulfide and that this disulfide was uniquely reduced when receptor dimer was reduced to monomer. Therefore, the delta COOH terminus is extracellular.
Von Willebrand factor promoter targets the expression of amyloid β protein precursor to brain vascular endothelial cells of transgenic mice

Dysfunction of brain vascular endothelial cells may be associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hemorrhagic stroke and Alzheimer disease. New model systems are necessary to examine the contribution of brain endothelial cells in these disorders. The Von Willebrand factor gene promoter fragment that spans sequences -487 to +247 targets the expression of LacZ marker gene in transgenic mice specifically to brain vascular endothelial cells. Transgenic mice have been prepared that express human amyloid beta protein precursor protein (AbetaPP) isoforms 695 and 751 (wild-type and Dutch variant mutations) under the regulation of this VWF promoter sequence. These AbetaPP transgenes are specifically expressed in brain vascular endothelial cells. The VWF promoter is a valuable tool for targeting gene expression to brain vascular endothelial cells to provide a model to directly examine endothelial cell placement of genes and their contribution to cerebral vascular disease.
Refilling of a Plasmasphere Flux Tube–Microscopic Plasma Processes

The paper elucidates those microscopic plasma processes (electrostatic shocks, pitch angle scattering of the ions, and ion perpendicular heating) which help in trapping and/or thermalizing the plasma in the flux tubes. The mechanism and conditions for electrostatic shock formation are discussed. It is shown that equatorial ion heating stops interhemispheric flow by setting up a potential barrier at the equator.
Take Me to Your Leader

The chapter presents a review on Kirk Strosahl's approach to bring changes in systems of managed behavioral health care. The author discusses one aspect of Strosahl's exposition, namely, the unique roles of different mental health disciplines in the care giving system. Strosahl outlines the appropriate responsibilities of three classes of professionals for the delivery of mental health services in accordance with the skills they are assumed to have, and given the costs of their involvement in this process. Regarding the issue of leadership, the author suggested that the capacity was best measured in the outcomes achieved by the group led, and that the most significant outcome, for the leader of a behavior health care team to pursue, was continuous improvement in treatment effectiveness as it pertains to behavioral health. Treatment effectiveness, in turn, was argued to be measurable in the quality of the treatment outcome achieved and the efficiency with which it was achieved. The author states to believe that we have a long way to go with respect to the issue of quality. The success of a leader in assuring continuous improvement in treatment effectiveness depends on a set of skills that are assumed, by Strosahl, to be peculiar to only one class of professionals involved in the behavioral health care team, namely; the psychologist (and undoubtedly only a subdivision of this class). The author mentions that better measures of treatment outcome are not worth the cost of their development until treatment practices have undergone a similar development.
No Observed Effect of Landscape Fragmentation on Pathogen Infection Prevalence in Blacklegged Ticks (Ixodes scapularis) in the Northeastern United States.

Pathogen prevalence within blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) tends to vary across sites and geographic regions, but the underlying causes of this variation are not well understood. Efforts to understand the ecology of Lyme disease have led to the proposition that sites with higher host diversity will result in lower disease risk due to an increase in the abundance of inefficient reservoir species relative to the abundance of species that are highly competent reservoirs. Although the Lyme disease transmission cycle is often cited as a model for this “dilution effect hypothesis”, little empirical evidence exists to support that claim. Here we tested the dilution effect hypothesis for two pathogens transmitted by the blacklegged tick along an urban-to-rural gradient in the northeastern United States using landscape fragmentation as a proxy for host biodiversity. Percent impervious surface and habitat fragment size around each site were determined to assess the effect of landscape fragmentation on nymphal blacklegged tick infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Our results do not support the dilution effect hypothesis for either pathogen and are in agreement with the few studies to date that have tested this idea using either a landscape proxy or direct measures of host biodiversity.
Chemical bonding and structure in layered transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract Recent infrared reflectivity measurements on the transition metal dichalcogenides show striking differences among these compounds. The consequences of these differences on their band structures is discussed.
Observational evidence of quasi two‐day/gravity wave interaction using MF Radar

The gravity wave/quasi two-day wave interaction is an example of gravity wave/large-scale flow interaction, a subject of great interest but insufficient understanding. Here we present evidence, from MF radar data, for the quasi two-day wave modulation of gravity wave activity in the summer mesosphere over Urbana, Illinois (40° 10′ 10″ N, 88° 09′ 36″ W). A composite analysis of two-day wave events, identified using the meridional winds at 84 km, is performed on the four-hour mean winds and four-hour standard deviations about those means, the latter being representative of gravity wave activity. Our results show that quasi two-day variations in the winds modulate gravity wave activity at higher altitudes.
MO‐D‐I‐618‐04: A Cost‐Effectiveness Model for New Radiation Oncology Technologies

Purpose: The additional equipment and personnel costs of supplying Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy(IMRT) technology have caused many to question if the marginal gains in patient health‐related quality of life are worth the additional cost. A novel IMRT technology, helical tomotherapy, provides the opportunity to study cost and effectiveness for patients. Method and Materials: This methodological study proposes to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of treating conventional radiotherapy versus tomotherapy IMRT patients prospectively, among several institutions. The cost of treating patients varies between institutions, depending on personnel, equipment and overhead costs; however, the nature and quality of services provided are expected to be consistent. Results: The methodology study tracks cost information at a single institution, and simultaneously as the median from multiple institutions. Effectiveness measures include both standard quality adjusted life year instruments completed by patients and performance status measures completed by institutional personnel. In addition, disease specific effectiveness measures are accommodated in the study. Each participating institution uses the same effectiveness measures to track patients with similar disease. Conclusion: The resulting cost and effectiveness data is available to investigators at any point during the study, immediately upon the completion of a trial, or when statistical acceptability is achieved.
Genome surveyor 2.0: cis-regulatory analysis in Drosophila

Genome Surveyor 2.0 is a web-based tool for discovery and analysis of cis-regulatory elements in Drosophila, built on top of the GBrowse genome browser for convenient visualization. Genome Surveyor was developed as a tool for predicting transcription factor (TF) binding targets and cis-regulatory modules (CRMs/enhancers), based on motifs representing experimentally determined DNA binding specificities. Since its first publication, we have added substantial new functionality (e.g. phylogenetic averaging of motif scores from multiple species, and a novel CRM discovery technique), increased the number of supported motifs about 4-fold (from ∼100 to ∼400), added provisions for evolutionary comparison across many more Drosophila species (from 2 to 12), and improved the user-interface. The server is free and open to all users, and there is no login requirement. Address: http://veda.cs.uiuc.edu/gs.
Voltage‐dependent inactivation in a cardiac‐skeletal chimeric calcium channel

The loci for inactivation in calcium channel proteins are unknown. Mechanisms for inactivation may be distributed across Ca2+ channel subunits and appear to be complex, multiple and interacting. We took advantage of the properties of chimeras, constructed between cardiac (H4) and skeletal muscle (Sk4) calcium channel alpha 1 subunits to study the molecular mechanism of inactivation in L-type calcium channels. Sk1H3, a chimeric construct of these two L-type calcium channels, was expressed in Xenopus oocytes in the absence of auxiliary subunits. Sk1H3 incorporated repeat I from skeletal muscle alpha 1 and repeats II, III, IV from heart alpha 1 subunit. Sk1H3 inactivated faster (tau = 300 ms) and more fully than the wild-type H4 with Ba2+ ions as the charge carrier. Thus, inactivation of Sk1H3 was 90% complete after a 5-s conditioning pulse at +20 mV while inactivation of H4 was only 37% complete. Sk1H3 inactivation also developed at more negative potentials with E0.5 = -15 mV as compared to E0.5 = -5 mV for H4. In the presence of external calcium ions, the extent of inactivation significantly increased from 37 to 83% for H4 while inactivation of Sk1H3 was only slightly increased. Inactivation with Ba2+ as the charge carrier was confirmed at the single- channel level where averaged single-channel ensembles showed a similar rate of inactivation. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that Sk1H3 inactivation appears to have a prominent voltage-dependent component. Whether Sk1H3 inactivation involves interactions within repeat I alone or interactions between repeat I and site(s) located in the three other repeats of the alpha 1 subunit has yet to be determined.
The interaction of BMXD and its copper(II) complexes with glycine, aspartic acid, and histidine

Abstract The macrocycle, 3,6,9,17,20,23-hexaazatricyclo[23.3.1.1 11,15 ]triaconta-1(29)11(30),12,14,25,27-hexaene, BMXD, is shown to recognize three amino acids, glycine, aspartic acid, and histidine, to form binary species. The mono- and dinuclear copper(II) complexes are also shown to host these amino acids. The stability constants for the binary complexes of the amino acids with the macrocycle, and of the ternary complexes containing amino acid, copper(II) and macrocycle, are reported, and binding schemes are suggested for the recognition of glycine, and for the dinuclear ternary species with histidine and glycine. Aspartic acid is found to form the most stable complexes, both with and without the presence of copper(II) ion.
Absence of plasma amine oxidase in some frequently used animal models

Abstract 1. Plasma amine oxidase (PAO), an enzyme that oxidizes primary amines is generally assumed to be present in the sera of all mammals. 2. We studied plasma from eleven different mammals to determine if they could oxidize a group of amines of biomedical interests. 3. Our results indicate that PAO is not present in all mammals and also that substrate specificity of the enzyme varies within the species tested. Rodents which are frequently used as animal models in pharmacology and toxicology do not contain PAO. 4. The common polyamines, spermine, spermidine and putrecine were oxidized only by bovine plasma.
Pecan Nursery Stock: Models of Height and Diameter Growth and Impact of Pecan Bud Moth, Gretchena bolliana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Logistic equations to describe height and diameter growth of budded, fieldgrown pecan, Carya illinoensis ((Wang.) K. Koch.), nursery stock were developed for several diameter classes of four cultivars—‘Cheyenne,’ ‘Stuart,’ ‘Elliott,’ and ‘Desirable.’ The equations were used to describe impact of feeding on final tree size by larvae of the pecan bud moth, Gretchena bolliana (Slingerland), during May, June, and July. Simulated bud moth damage (pinched terminal buds) occurring in Mayor June significantly reduced both final scion height and diameter of pecan nursery stock. Pecan nursery stock damaged in July was not significantly different ( P = 0.05) from the undamaged control in final scion height and diameter. Recommendations to growers based on this study can significantly reduce pesticide use to control pecan bud moth.
A possible plasma laser

It is possible for a plasma containing finite-amplitude ion-density fluctuations and drifting electrons to exhibit a negative resistance for high- frequency electric fields. Under such circumstances both longitudinal plasma oscillations and electromagnetic waves can be amplified or even undergo unstable growth. We have investigated this possibility for longitudinal waves by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of a one-dimensional plasma model. Substantial growth rates and saturation levels are found. (auth)
Filling the gap: the importance of Medicaid continuity for former inmates

Despite no federal law mandating Medicaid termination for prisoners, 90 percent of states have implemented policies that withdraw inmates’ enrollment upon incarceration. This leaves a medically and psychiatrically vulnerable population uninsured during the months following release, a time period during which former inmates have been shown to have an increased risk of medical problems and death. We believe it is of critical importance for the 10 million Americans who cycle in and out of corrections each year, as well as the communities they return to, that Medicaid be suspended rather than terminated during incarceration.
The involvement of psychosexual factors in the causation of eating disorders: Time for a reappraisal

Le role de l'identite sexuelle a interesse de nombreux chercheurs dans le champ de l'anorexie mentale. Perspectives psychanalytiques; resultats empiriques et theorisation; l'investigation psychometrique du role sexuel; les facteurs psychosexuels chez le garcon anorexique
Robustness and predictivity of 4 TeV unification

Abstract The stability of the predictions of two of the standard model parameters, α3(MZ) and sin2θ(MZ), in a MU∼4 TeV unification model is examined. It is concluded that varying the unification scale between MU≃2.5 TeV and MU≃5 TeV leaves robust all predictions within reasonable bounds. Choosing MU=3.8±0.4 TeV gives, at lowest order, accurate predictions at MZ. The impact of threshold effects on unification depends on the spectrum of states beyond the standard model.
Power Harvesting for Rotating Structure Using Piezoelectric Generators

Conventional method of measuring the mechanical properties of rotating machinery is to couple sensors on the machine through a slip ring, which is a non-trivial, expensive, lengthy and manpower intensive process. An alternative to this is to use a contactless RF slip ring which has no physical wear and hence no maintenance. But application of contactless RF slip ring is possible only if these services are low powered and sensor signals can be multiplexed. With the advance in low powered MEMS sensors, contactless slip ring system can be used. But providing power to these sensors is an issue. One approach would be to harness power from the untapped surrounding energy which could be used to recharge and/or replace battery powered connections. One method to accomplish this is to use piezoelectric materials (PZT) to capture energy lost due to vibration and rotation of the test equipment. This captured energy can then be used to provide uninterrupted power to the appropriate sensors. Focusing our attention on blades, rotating structures will be modeled as cantilever beam. Piezoelectric bimorph attached to the rotating cantilever beam will provide an estimate for the available power that can be used for harvesting.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The small GTPase RhoA localizes to the nucleus and is activated by Net1 and DNA damage signals.

Background Rho GTPases control many cellular processes, including cell survival, gene expression and migration. Rho proteins reside mainly in the cytosol and are targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) upon specific activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Accordingly, most GEFs are also cytosolic or associated with the PM. However, Net1, a RhoA-specific GEF predominantly localizes to the cell nucleus at steady-state. Nuclear localization for Net1 has been seen as a mechanism for sequestering the GEF away from RhoA, effectively rendering the protein inactive. However, considering the prominence of nuclear Net1 and the fact that a biological stimulus that promotes Net1 translocation out the nucleus to the cytosol has yet to be discovered, we hypothesized that Net1 might have a previously unidentified function in the nucleus of cells. Principal Findings Using an affinity precipitation method to pulldown the active form of Rho GEFs from different cellular fractions, we show here that nuclear Net1 does in fact exist in an active form, contrary to previous expectations. We further demonstrate that a fraction of RhoA resides in the nucleus, and can also be found in a GTP-bound active form and that Net1 plays a role in the activation of nuclear RhoA. In addition, we show that ionizing radiation (IR) specifically promotes the activation of the nuclear pool of RhoA in a Net1-dependent manner, while the cytoplasmic activity remains unchanged. Surprisingly, irradiating isolated nuclei alone also increases nuclear RhoA activity via Net1, suggesting that all the signals required for IR-induced nuclear RhoA signaling are contained within the nucleus. Conclusions/Significance These results demonstrate the existence of a functional Net1/RhoA signaling pathway within the nucleus of the cell and implicate them in the DNA damage response.
Targeted endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background: Despite modern radiotherapy and open surgical techniques, treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains challenging, with substantial morbidity involved. Targeted endoscopic nasopharyngectomy was evaluated as a viable oncologic alternative to open nasopharyngectomy or radiation for recurrent NPC. Methods: Thirteen patients who underwent endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for recurrent NPC between August 2005 and August 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Average age at surgery was 55.7 years, with mean follow-up period 24.2 months. Two-year disease-free survival, 2-year overall survival, margin status, and complication rate were measured. Results: Including resections for subsequent recurrences, 19 endoscopic procedures were performed with curative intent. Mean operating room (OR) time was 278 minutes, mean estimated blood loss was 197 mL, and mean length of hospitalization was 1.0 days. Negative margins were obtained in 78.9% of procedures: positive margins involved the parapharyngeal space, oropharynx, fossa of Rosenmuller, and infratemporal fossa. Stereotactic radiation was given postoperatively for localized positive margins. Four patients required repeat endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for re-recurrence, despite having their margins cleared or controlled with adjuvant treatment. Two-year local disease-free and overall survival rates were 69.2% and 100.0%, respectively. The overall minor complication rate was 52.6%, with no major complications. Conclusion: Targeted endoscopic nasopharyngectomy is beneficial in locally recurrent NPC, with favorable morbidity and complication rates. Endoscopic surveillance and serial imaging together facilitate the early identification of re-recurrences, which often may be treated with additional directed resection. Postoperative stereotactic radiation may serve as an appropriate adjunct modality for disease control at positive margins. © 2011 ARS-AAOA, LLC.
Stopped-flow sensor for dissolved oxygen

Stopped-flow hydrodynamic modulation voltammetry is applied to membrane electrodes to minimize some of the problems that characterize steady-state dissolved oxygen probes. Mass-transport properties, sensitivity, precision, and linearity of response are reported. The low stopped-flow background current allows a limit of detection for dissolved oxygen near 36 μg l-1. The relative standard deviation at the mg l-1 level is 3% Glassy carbon electrodes are used, replacing the commonly used metal cathodes, to minimize passivation effects. The method is sensitive, reproducible, and simple.
Measurements of Cloud Condensation Nuclei and Cloud Droplet Size Distributions in the Vicinity of Forest Fires

Abstract Airborne measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were made in the vicinity of a planned burn of natural forest products. The concentrations of CCN, active at 0.5% supersaturation, reached a peak value of 5000 cm−3 about 38 km downwind of the fire, compared to concentrations of 250–500 cm−3 upwind. It is estimated that 6 × 1010 CCN were produced per gram of wood consumed.On another occasion the microstructure of small cumulus clouds were measured in the vicinity of a natural forest fire. The droplet size distributions were narrower and the concentrations of droplets higher in two clouds situated in the plume from the fire than in two clouds upwind of the plume.
Rate of whole-body protein synthesis in the rat as calculated from fractional oxidation of leucine, valine, or methionine.

Abstract In the steady state, the ratio of the rate of utilization for whole-body protein synthesis of any essential amino acid to its rate of oxidation should be the same as the ratio of the peak fraction of a dose of tracer incorporated into protein (F) to the fraction oxidized (1-F) provided that negligible tracer remains in the free amino acid pool or remains unabsorbed in the gut. The total rate of amino acid catabolism (C) can be estimated from the rate of urinary excretion of urea nitrogen (N) plus ammonia N. Hence the rate of whole-body protein synthesis (S) can be estimated as CF (1 − F) . This method, which is not new, was explored as follows: (1) Radioactivity in the leucine of whole-body protein of rats after intravenous (IV) injection of labeled leucine was shown to plateau from three to nine hours. (2) The fractions of labeled leucine, valine, and methionine remaining in the gut six hours after enteral injection were 1.2 ± 0.4% (SD), 1.2 ± 0.4%, and 7.1 ± 2.9%, respectively; thus, enterally administered methionine cannot be used for this purpose. (3) Oxidation of [1-14C]-labeled leucine or valine, measured from 14CO2 excretion, was found to be the same whether these isotopes were given IV or enterally. (4) Negligible radioactivity remained in the free leucine of plasma within one hour after injection of labeled leucine. (5) The rates of whole-body protein synthesis, estimated from cumulative 14CO2 excretion for six hours after enteral or IV injection of [1-14C]-labeled leucine or valine, or after IV injection of [1-14C]-labeled methionine did not differ from one another by more than 7%. Mean S was 73 mg 100 g body wt/h . These results support the validity of this technique for determining whole-body protein synthesis.