cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of Resolvin D1 Biosynthetic Pathways in Salivary Epithelium

Resolvins are potent anti-inflammatory mediators derived from ω-3 fatty acids. Results from our previous studies indicated that resolvin D1 (RvD1) blocks pro-inflammatory responses in salivary glands. Furthermore, RvD1 enhances salivary epithelial integrity, demonstrating its potential use for the restoration of salivary gland function in Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). We investigated whether the RvD1 biosynthetic machinery (e.g., cytosolic phospholipase A2, calcium-independent phospholipase A2, 12/15 and 5-lipoxygenase) is expressed in mouse submandibular glands (mSMG), using qPCR and Western blot analyses. Additionally, we determined the localization of RvD1 biosynthetic machinery in mSMG and human minor salivary glands (hMSG), with and without SS, using confocal microscopy. Finally, we measured RvD1 levels in cell supernatants from mSMG cell cultures and freshly isolated mSMG cells, with and without SS, using ELISA. Our results indicate that: (1) RvD1 machinery is expressed in mouse and human salivary glands; (2) polar distribution of RvD1 biosynthetic machinery is lost in hMSG with SS; (3) RvD1 levels in mSMG cell culture supernatants increased with time; and (4) RvD1 levels in mSMG cell supernatants, with and without SS, were similar. These studies demonstrate that the RvD1 biosynthesis machinery is expressed and functional in salivary glands with and without SS.
Modeling local responses to alternative federal transit subsidy policies and regulations

Abstract This paper presents a model of the decision making of local transit agencies regarding the amount of service to produce, and the use of competitive contracting as a means of service delivery, with particular reference to the impact of external factors, especially federal policies, on that decision. The approach taken is quite novel in that it develops a descriptive model of local agency decision making to predict the effect of such external changes. This represents a quantification of various concepts of political science related to dissatisfaction minimization as a guide to political decision making. By combining this with quantitative models of transit system performance, demand, and cost, an operational model of transit system decision making is developed. Even though many of the elements of this model cannot be quantified numerically, much is known regarding derivatives and relative magnitudes, and this is sufficient to yield very strong conclusions regarding the impacts of policy changes on the amount and manner of production of transit services. This model is used to make such predictions about likely responses to federal policy changes. To test the model's assumption and results, the research also included a survey of transit authorities regarding their likely responses to such policy changes. In most respects the results of the test were quite positive, confirming this particular application and suggesting that this type of model could be useful in other policy analyses as well.
Regional geophysics of the Colorado Plateau

Abstract The Colorado Plateau (CP) is a relatively coherent block surrounded on three sides by the extensional block faulted regime of the Basin and Range Province (BRP) and the Rio Grande Rift (RGR). The CP appears to be part of an inter-related system including the Sierra Nevada, BRP, and RGR which has undergone major uplift and extension during the last 20 m.y. The final elevation in any area probably depends upon which processes dominate there. In most geophysical properties the CP is intermediate between the BRP/RGR and the stable platform of the southern Great Plains. However, many BRP/RGR geophysical characteristics appear to extend well inward of the classical Plateau physiographic boundary. Geologically these 50–100 km wide zones of transition are marked by normal faulting and late Tertiary and Quaternary volcanism. The interior of the Plateau is characterized by a 40 km-thick crust, a Pn velocity of about 7.85 km/sec, and an average heat flow of 1.5–1.6 HFU. Available data on the modern stress field in the Plateau interior indicate high horizontal stresses and a stress field oriented differently from that in the surrounding BRP/RGR, inconsistent with the theory that the Plateau is merely an inherited, more coherent subplate subjected to the same stresses as its surroundings. Free-air gravity anomalies on the CP average near zero and imply isostatic equilibrium; however, crustal thickness is insufficient to explain all the elevation, and low density mantle material must be involved. P wave velocity, gravity, and electrical data are compatible with a depth of approximately 80 km to low density, low velocity, hot conductive mantle (= asthenopshere?). These data also suggest a lithospheric thickness of ~120 km for the southern Great Plains, while surface wave data for the BRP suggest an approximately 60 km-thick lithosphere. Low angle subduction in mid-Cenozoic time has been inferred from calc-alkalic magmatic activity throughout a broad region of the western U.S. Subsequent restriction of this activity to the Sierras and westernmost BRP suggest an abrupt switch to steep subduction which occurred by about 20 m.y. ago, probably with rupturing of the low angle slab. Gradual warming and expansion (with phase changes) of the cutoff stagnant shallow slab is suggested as a possible mechanism for regional uplift.
Vapor Pressure Measurements of Chloric Acid and Chloric Acid + Sodium Chlorate Aqueous Solutions

Chloric acid + sodium chlorate mixtures have been proposed as a substitute for some of the sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid in the generation of chlorine dioxide. This paper continues our work on physical property characterization of chloric acid + sodium chlorate solutions. A dual ebulliometric setup was employed to evaluate the vapor pressure−temperature relationship of chloric acid and chloric acid + sodium chlorate solutions. The natural log of vapor pressures for chloric acid solutions (1.01−3.82) mol L-1 over the temperature range (35−79) °C was a linear function of chloric acid concentration and the reciprocal of the temperature. Vapor pressures were determined for sodium chlorate + chloric acid solutions for (0.85−4.25) mol L-1 sodium chlorate, (0.73−3.59) mol L-1 chloric acid, and (35−83) °C. All of the data were well correlated by an equation relating the natural log of vapor pressure to sodium chlorate concentration, chloric acid concentration, and the reciprocal of the temperature. Some solut...
Effects of choice point lights on T-maze performance by caudate lesioned rats

Rats with bilateral lesions of the caudate nucleus were impaired in a T-maze task requiring them to go toward a light, but not away from a light. The deficit was due to a perseveration of responses to one side of the maze. No correlation was found between the side preferred or reinforced preoperatively and the side preferred during postoperative perseveration.
Imaging parameters of a kinestatic charge detector containing Kr, NH3, and CO2 at 80 atm

In this paper, modulation transfer function and image noise measurements are presented for Kinestatic Charge Detectors employing high-pressure Kr gas doped with NH3 and CO2. Kr improves spatial resolution over Xe because, at equal x-ray mean free path, it has both reduced fluorescence reabsorption and reduced electron range. NH3 eliminates mobility dispersion (disparate ionic mobilities from multiple charge carriers) caused by gas impurities. CO2 reduces electron attachment and thus ion-ion recombination because it lowers the electron temperature, thereby increasing electron drift velocity via the Ramsauer effect.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The use of EDTA to eliminate interferences in the zinc-ferrocyanide titration

Abstract The use of EDTA as a masking agent in the titration of zinc with potassium ferrocyanide has been investigated. If the pH is controlled at 2.0 to 2.1 and EDTA is added, accurate determination of zinc can be made in the presence of iron, nickel, lead and aluminium. However, the interference of copper, cobalt, cadmium and manganese could not be eliminated by this method.
Examination of the Intrarenal Hematocrit Ratio with the Technique of Circulatory Stop-Flow in Dogs

Estimates of the intrarenal hematocrit ratio vary widely, depending on the techniques used for its determination. Computation of blood volume from the product of mean transit time of labeled erythrocytes and albumin, and minute volume blood flow, yields values averaging approximately 90% of the systemic vessel hematocrit. To the other extreme are values that are slightly less than half of the systemic hematocrit ratio based on the determination of total renal blood volume by labeled red cells and albumin. Intermediate values are obtained by methods involving draining the blood from the kidney and measuring its hematocrit ratio. The current investigation, by a technique of circulatory stop-flow, has shown that a substantial fluid shift occurs in the kidney within 2 minutes of circulatory arrest, so that interstitial fluid, supplemented by fluid reabsorbed by the nephrons, dilutes the erythrocytes within the peritubular capillaries to reduce the hematocrit ratio to almost half of the systemic figure. The drainage methods are subject to error as a result of this mechanism, but if such fluid shifts are taken into account, values for the intrarenal hematocrit closer to the ratio of systemic blood can be anticipated.
B-1 Cell Lymphoma in Mice Lacking the Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor, SXR

This work describes a novel role for SXR as a tumor suppressor in B-1 cells, establishing SXR as a potential therapeutic target for chronic lymphomas.
The Effect of Corneal Wavefront Aberrations on Corneal Pseudoaccommodation

Purpose To determine the effect on corneal pseudoaccommodation of anterior corneal wavefront aberrations in normal corneas and corneas with prior myopic or hyperopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Design Theoretical study. Methods In 220 normal eyes, 102 myopic-PRK eyes, and 106 hyperopic-LASIK/PRK eyes, anterior corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs, third to sixth order, 6- and 4-mm pupils) were computed from the Atlas corneal elevation data using the VOL-CT program. Using the ZernikeTool, corneal optical image quality was evaluated by the polychromatic modulation transfer function with Stiles-Crawford effect. Defocus from −3.0 diopters (D) to +3.0 D was added to corneal HOAs, and depth of focus was defined as the ranges over which the polychromatic modulation transfer function maintains 80% of the peak value (DOF80) and 50% of the peak value (DOF50). The depth of focus values between groups were compared, stepwise multiple regression was used to assess if any Zernike terms significantly contributed to the depth of focus, and correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between depth of focus and corneal HOAs. Results The depth of focus varied widely between corneas, especially in corneas with prior hyperopic-LASIK/PRK. For 6-mm pupil, mean depth of focus values in myopic-PRK and hyperopic-LASIK/PRK corneas were significantly greater than those for normal corneas, and for 4-mm pupil, depth of focus values in hyperopic-LASIK/PRK corneas were greater than those in normal and myopic-PRK corneas. Zernike terms significantly contributing to both DOF80 and DOF50 were fourth- and sixth-order spherical aberration and fourth- and sixth-order astigmatism in normal corneas, third-order vertical coma and fourth-order tetrafoil in myopic-PRK corneas, and third-order vertical coma and fourth-order astigmatism in hyperopic-LASIK/PRK corneas. Depth of focus had weak to moderate positive correlation with HOAs (Pearson correlation coefficient r ranged from 0.300 to 0.583). Conclusion These theoretical calculations suggest that certain corneal wavefront aberrations affect corneal pseudoaccommodation. To predict corneal pseudoaccommodation, the most important Zernike term is spherical aberration in normal eyes and coma in eyes with prior laser corneal surgery.
Atmospheric response and feedback to radiative forcing from biomass burning in tropical South America

Abstract Simulations are performed to understand the importance of smoke from biomass burning in tropical South America to regional radiation and climate. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) regional climate model coupled with the NCAR column radiative model is used to estimate smoke direct radiative forcing and consequent atmospheric perturbations during a smoke season in this region. The smoke optical properties are specified based on the measurements during the smoke, clouds, and radiation-Brazil experiment. The simulations obtain a direct radiative forcing of −16.5 W m−2 over the smoke region. This magnitude, however, is substantially reduced due to atmospheric feedback. Clouds and precipitation are reduced due to smoke. The cloud reduction mainly results from smaller water vapor transport from the ground and the planetary boundary layer to the cloud layer because of the combined effects of reduced turbulent activity and the subsidence tendency. The simulated cloud reduction agrees with a recent finding from satellite measurements. Smoke also leads to the enhancement of a dominant planetary-scale high system. A two-layer structure of warmer air with ascending tendency on top of cooler air with descending tendency is formed due to smoke with strong absorption.
Co-polymer clad design for high performance athermal photonic circuits

Ubiquitous, low power consumption and high bandwidth density communication will require passive athermal optical filters for WDM transceivers in Si-CMOS architecture. Two silicon-polymer composite structures, deposited using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate) (pPFDA) and poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate-co-divinyl benzene) p(PFDA-co-DVB), are analyzed as candidates for thermal compensation. The addition of DVB to a fluorinated acrylate backbone reduces the C-F bond density, increases the density in the copolymer and thereby increases refractive index. The addition of DVB also increases the volume expansion coefficient of the copolymer, resulting in an increased thermo-optic (TO) coefficient for the copolymer system. The increased index and TO coefficient of the co-polymer gives improved bend loss, footprint and FSR performance for athermal silicon photonic circuits.
A wing characterization method for flapping-wing robotic insects

This paper presents a wing characterization method for insect-scale flapping-wing robots. A quasi-steady model is developed to predict passive wing pitching at mid-stroke. Millimeter scale wings and passive hinges are manufactured using the SCM fabrication processes. Flapping experiments at various frequencies and driving voltages are performed to extract kinematics for comparison with the quasi-steady predictions. These experiments examine the validity of the quasi-steady model and demonstrate the robustness of the wing characterization method. In addition, because time-averaged lift and drag are strongly correlated with flapping kinematics, quasi-steady prediction of wing kinematics directly leads to predictions of lift and drag generation. Given a flapping frequency and a driving voltage, the model computes the hinge stiffness that leads to optimal flapping kinematics. This reduces the number of flapping experiments required for wing characterization by a factor of four.
Characterization of Aroma Compounds Responsible for the Rosy/Floral Flavor in Cheddar Cheese

The aroma-active compounds that contribute to the rosy/floral flavor in Cheddar cheese were characterized using both instrumental and sensory techniques. Two cheeses (>12 months old) with rosy/floral flavor and two Cheddar cheeses of similar ages without rosy/floral flavors were selected. After direct solvent extraction/solvent-assisted flavor evaporation and separation into neutral/basic and acidic fractions, samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry with aroma extract dilution analysis. Selected compounds were quantified using internal standard methodology. Some of the intense aroma-active compounds in the neutral basic fraction of the rosy/floral cheeses included 2-phenethanol (rosy), phenylethyl acetate (rosy), and phenylacetaldehyde (rosy/floral). Quantification, threshold analysis, and sensory analysis of model cheeses confirmed that increased concentrations of phenylacetaldehyde and phenylacetic acid caused rosy/floral flavor when spiked into Cheddar cheese.
Sepsis: Protocolized care for critically ill patients with AKI.

Findings from the ARISE and TRISS trials indicate that protocolized therapy might be no better than contemporary management for patients in intensive care, and that in the absence of coronary disease a haemoglobin level of 70 g/l should be the new trigger for transfusion in patients with sepsis.
Pre-4S RNA made in isolated HeLa cell nuclei terminates with U

Abstract Isolated HeLa cell nuclei are capable of synthesizing a precursor to 4S RNA. The 3′ terminus of the molecule made in vitro can be determined by four separate incubations with the four iritiated ribonucleoside triphosphates. The pre-4S was found to terminate specifically with uridine and be uniformly labeled. These facts are discussed in relation to specific termination of RNA molecules and possible reinitiation of RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei.
Age-dependent variation in behavior following acute ethanol administration in male and female adolescent rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Background: There has been considerable focus on the adolescent stage of development in the study of alcohol use and the etiology of alcohol-related problems. Because adolescence is a process of dynamic change rather than a discrete or static stage of development, it is important to consider ontogenetic changes in the response to ethanol within the adolescent time period. In rodents, levels of ethanol-induced motor impairment have been shown to increase from early to late adolescence. This study investigated associations between behavior following acute ethanol administration and age, rearing condition (mother-reared vs nursery-reared), and serotonin transporter (rh5-HTTLPR) genotype in a sample of alcohol-naive adolescent rhesus macaques. Methods: Rhesus macaques (n=97; 41 males, 56 females), ranging in age from 28 to 48 months, were administered intravenous (IV) doses of ethanol (2.2 g/kg for males, 2.0 g/kg for females) twice in 2 separate testing sessions. A saline/ethanol group (n=16; 8 males, 6 females) was administered saline in 1 testing session and ethanol in the second session. Following each IV injection, subjects underwent a 30-minute general motor behavioral assessment. Behavior in the saline/ethanol group was compared between the saline and ethanol-testing sessions using analysis of variance. Behavioral data for the larger study sample were averaged between the 2 testing sessions and summarized using factor analysis. Rotated factor scores were used as dependent variables in multiple regression analyses to test for relationships between behavior and age, rearing condition, and rh5-HTTLPR genotype. Results: During the ethanol-testing session, behaviors indicative of motor impairment (stumbles, falls, sways, bumping the wall, and unsuccessful jumps) were frequently observed in the saline/ethanol group, while they did not occur under the saline-testing session. Factor analysis of behavior following ethanol administration in the larger study sample yielded 3 factors: Ataxia, Impaired Jumping Ability, and Stimulation. Significant negative correlations between age and Ataxia were found for both males and females. Females also exhibited positive correlations between age and Impaired Jumping Ability and age and Stimulation. No significant correlations were found with either rearing condition or rh5-HTTLPR genotype. Conclusions: These findings suggest that ontogenetic changes during adolescence in the behavioral response to ethanol differ between rodents and primates. Furthermore, sex differences in the behavioral response to ethanol appear to develop during adolescence.
Emotional scripts of sex panics

This article examines the emotional dynamics of local sex panics over sex education. It argues that local sex panics are not spontaneous eruptions of community outrage; they are political events with a strikingly scripted quality. Sex panics are fueled by emotional scripts—rhetoric strategically crafted to produce volatile emotional responses. In turn, these emotional scripts produce heated emotions—anger and disgust—displayed in ritualized ways in public arenas. In local sex panics we see that emotions are neither irrational nor simply spontaneous; rather they are norm-bound behavior and often meaningful forms of social and political communication produced in response to emotional scripts. The emotions of sex panics represent a means by which moral entrepreneurs attempt to reinforce conservative sexual morality.
Selection for liver transplantation

individuals with advanced liver disease benefit from liver transplantation (LT), with approximately 7000 recipients per annum. Although innovations such as living and split donor transplantation have modestly enhanced transplant rates, only a substantial increase in the deceased donor pool will increase transplant activity. Currently, 17,000 people await LT, with more than 1500 wait-listed patients dying annually. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, an objective method adopted in 2002 for organ allocation in the United States, has resulted in a reduction of deaths on the waiting list. Despite the continuing debate about its application in some circumstances [e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)], the MELD score has stood the test of time as an equitable system for the distribution of a scarce resource.
Due Process Hearing Systems Under the IDEA: A State-by-State Survey:

The primary mechanism for dispute resolution under IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) is a due process hearing. The total number of adjudicated hearings under IDEA has dropped from ...
Is the dopaminergic system involved in the central effects of nicotine in mice

Pretreatment with ineffective doses of the D1 antagonist SCH23390 but not the D2 antagonist sulpiride reduced hyperactivity induced by nicotine in mice habituated to the test cage. On the other hand, the D1 and D2 antagonists were ineffective in blocking nicotine-induced hypoactivity in naive mice. Finally, SCH23390 and sulpiride did not block the antinociception induced by nicotine. Our data indicate that the dopamine receptors D1 and D2 are not involved in all the central effects of nicotine in mice, but seems to be a substrate for locomotor activation induced by nicotine under specific experimental conditions.
Generation of metaluminous A-type granites by low-pressure melting of calc-alkaline granitoids

Melting experiments on two calc-alkaline rocks, a tonalite and a granodiorite, demonstrate that shallow dehydration melting of hornblende- and biotite-bearing granitoids generates metaluminous A-type granitic melts. Profuse crystallization of calcic plagioclase + orthopyroxene during low pressure ( P ≤ 4 kbar) incongruent melting explains all of the major and trace element characteristics of A-type granites (e.g., their low Al, Ca, Mg, Sr, and Eu contents, and high Ga/Al and K/Na ratios), as well as their common association with anorthositic and mangeritic rocks. The residual assemblage produced during melting of the same rocks in the deep crust ( P ≥ 8 kbar) is dominated by clinopyroxene, and, as a consequence, most of the chemical features diagnostic of A-type granites are lost. The high temperatures (>900 °C) and low H 2 O contents (≤ 4 wt%) that are characteristic of A-type magmas are adequately explained by the H 2 O-poor nature of the granitoid source materials, and require neither a granulitic nor a F-rich source. Previous attempts to explain the origin of A-type granites have focused on the nature of the source material. These experiments show that pressure of melting is at least as important as source composition in engendering A-type melts.
High-resolution nonlinear laser spectroscopy of heavy-hole excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well structures: A direct measure of the exciton line shape

We report high-resolution nonlinear laser-spectroscopy studies of the n=1 heavy-hole exciton in GaAs multiple quantum wells. Using a new method of cw frequency-domain four-wave mixing, we first show that the excitation relaxation consists of both fast and slow components. We then show that the contribution of well-width fluctuations to inhomogeneous broadening can be elimiated enabling us to obtain a direct measure of the intrinsic exciton line shape. Under certain conditions, this line shape is non-Lorentzian and cannot be explained on the basis of simple excited-state relaxation dynamics.
NUCLEOLAR LOCALIZATION OF THE MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN TAU IN NEUROBLASTOMAS USING SENSE AND ANTI-SENSE TRANSFECTION STRATEGIES

The Tau-1 monoclonal antibody was localized to the nucleolus of interphase cells and the nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) of acrocentric chromosomes in cultured human cells. Putative nucleolar and NOR tau was found in CG neuroblastoma cells which contain nucleolar tau and little cytoplasmic tau. To further establish the presence of tau in the nucleolus of these cells, sense and anti-sense transfection strategies were used. CG neuroblastoma cells were transfected with tau sense cDNA and immunostained with Tau-1. Cytoplasmic Tau-1 staining was greatly increased in CG cells which contain very little endogenous cytoplasmic tau. Nucleolar Tau-1 staining was also increased in certain CG cells indicating an increase in nucleolar tau in a subset of transfected cells. CG cells were also transfected with tau anti-sense cDNA which abolished Tau-1 staining in the nucleolus. These results contribute to a growing body of evidence defining tau as a multifunctional protein found in both the cytoplasm and nucleoli of primate cells.
Seedling density and seedling survival in Alaskan cotton grass tussock tundra

Previous workers have suggested that reproduction by seedling establishment is less important in the maintenance of tundra vegetation than in temperate areas, but few quantitative data are available. Seedling densities were studied at 11 tundra sites in or near disturbed and undisturbed cotton grass tussock tundra in Alaska, and numerous seedlings were found. Examination of seedling age structures suggests that at least Ledum palustre and probably also Empetrum nigrum do replace themselves by seed in undisturbed tundra. Seedling densities vary greatly depending on the substrate available for establishment.
Pediatric CT and radiation: our responsibility

In order to discuss the cost-benefit ratio of CT examinations in children, one must be familiar with the reasons why CT can provide a high collective or individual dose. The reasons include increasing CT use as well as lack of attention to dose reduction strategies. While those have been substantial efforts for dose reduction, additional work is necessary to prevent unnecessary radiation exposure. This responsibility is shared between science and medicine, industry, regulatory agencies, and patients as well.
Uncomplicated Depression, Suicide Attempt, and the DSM-5 Bereavement Exclusion Debate: An Empirical Evaluation.

Purpose:To evaluate the claim, made repeatedly during Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition debates over eliminating the bereavement exclusion (BE), that “uncomplicated” depressive reactions have elevated suicidality like other major depressive disorder (MDD), so exclusions risk missing suicidal cases.Method:We found no published evidence assessing suicide risk specifically in uncomplicated depression. Using data from four epidemiological surveys, we calculated suicide attempt rates both concurrently and predictively for those with histories of no MDD, uncomplicated MDD, and standard MDD.Results:Both concurrently and predictively, uncomplicated MDD suicide attempt rates were no greater than no-MDD history rates and less than standard MDD rates.Discussion:Excluding uncomplicated cases from MDD poses no risk of missing elevated suicidal rates typical of depression. The “suicide” argument used to support BE elimination was spurious.
Applying a real-world fraud to multiple learning objectives: Considerations and an example from the systems course

Abstract Well-designed and delivered teaching cases are of significant educational value. Additionally, a real-world situation described as an entertaining story holds student interest and increases attention. But turning such a story into an effective instructional case can be a daunting task for many instructors. This paper reports on an actual real-world fraud involving theft of almost half a million dollars from a familiar type of small business. The details of the situation provide a rich supply of content adaptable to not one, but numerous, major topics found in many accounting courses in systems, internal control, and even perhaps auditing. This supply of “raw material” can be utilized by instructors to create numerous educational cases tailored to the individual needs of their students and courses. The extensive literature on educational case usage contains sources providing suggestions to assist instructors in effective case development. Examples are also provided of how one instructor applied the fraud’s “story” to several learning objectives in an undergraduate AIS course to create a set of instructional cases, providing significant economies of scale for both instructor and student.
Pushing the envelope in biomaterial research: initial results of prosthetic coating with stem cells in a rat model

Coating prosthetic for hernia repair with a patient’s own cells could improve biocompatibility by decreasing inflammation and adhesion formation and by increasing tissue ingrowth and resistance to infection. The objective of this study was to prove the feasibility of prosthetic coating with stem cells and to assess its resistance to adhesion formation when implanted in an animal model. Adult Lewis rat bone marrow stem cells were harvested and cultured. Stem cells were then implanted on three different prosthetics. The prosthetic with the best stem cell adherence was implanted intraperitoneally into six adult rats. Untreated prosthetic was implanted in control animals (n = 12). After 2 weeks, intra-abdominal adhesions were graded using an adhesion scoring scale by two surgeons who were blinded to the animal group. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Stem cells demonstrated the best adherence and growth on polyglactin prosthetics. After implantation, the stem cell-coated polyglactin prosthetic had 50% surface area adhesions (p < 0.05). The feasibility of hernia prosthetic coating with stem cells was demonstrated. Furthermore, stem-cell coated polyglactin prosthetic exhibited improved biocompatibility by decreasing adhesion formation in an animal model. Further study is needed to determine the factors that promote stem cell adherence to prosthetics and the in vivo prosthetic biomechanics after stem cell coating. This work is underway in our laboratory.
Cause for the Decline of Large Rainbow Trout in a Tailwater Fishery: Too Much Putting or Too Much Taking?

Abstract We studied causes for the decline of large (>40 cm total length, TL) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and the transition from put–grow–take to put-and-take conditions in Lake Taneycomo, a popular tailwater in Missouri. In this fishery, rainbow trout densities have been sustained against increasing fishing pressure over the last 30 years mainly by increasing stocking rates of catchable-size fish (23–33 cm TL). Short residence times of rainbow trout resulting from heavy fishing pressure and high vulnerability to angling are generally considered the main reason for this species' limited growth after stocking in cold tailwaters. However, we found that increasing stocking rates in Lake Taneycomo have been paralleled by food base degradation, leading to submaintenance consumption rates for rainbow trout (i.e., poor growth conditions). A less prominent role of residence times was evident in the decline of poststocking growth and fewer large fish. In contrast to resident brown trout Salmo trutta, high d...
An accurate model of polyglutamine.

Polyglutamine repeats in proteins are highly correlated with amyloid formation and neurological disease. To better understand the molecular basis of glutamine repeat diseases, structural analysis of polyglutamine peptides as soluble monomers, oligomers, and insoluble amyloid fibrils is necessary. In this study, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments and molecular dynamics simulations using different theoretical models of polyglutamine were conducted. This study demonstrates that a previously proposed simple CαCβ model of polyglutamine, denoted as FCO, accurately reproduced the present FRET results and the results of previously published FRET, triplet-state quenching, and fluorescence correlation studies. Other simple CαCβ models with random coil and extended β-strand parameters, and all-atom models with parm96 and parm99SB force fields, did not match the FRET result well. The FCO is an intrinsically disordered model with a high-effective persistence length producing extended peptides at short lengths (QN 16. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A study of electromigration in 3D flip chip solder joint using numerical simulation of heat flux and current density

This paper applies an analogy between heat flow and current flow to examine the current density distribution in a solder interconnect, which has a direct relationship with the atomic flux movement. From a 3D heat conduction analysis, we discover that the heat flux distribution in the solder bump is a strong function of the direction of heat flow. If the heat flow turns 90 degrees when it leaves the solder bump, the high heat flux region will also turn 90 degrees. From a cross-sectional view of the mean heat flux, the high heat flux (or current flux) region in the solder moves from the top of the UBM region to the lower right corner, and the right side of the solder has the highest flux density. This result correlates well with the experimental data where the measured atomic flux in the left side of the solder is less than in the right side. Two other cases with 0 and 180-degree heat flows also illustrate the difference in heat flux distribution. This suggests that the current density distribution in the solder changes as the direction of the current flow changes.
Velocity errors associated with using short pulse lengths in a 150-kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler

Results from three deployments of an RD instruments RD SC0150 acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) are presented. Simultaneous measurements with a ship-mounted (Ametek Straza) ADCP and moored Aanderaa current meters during a deployment on Georges Bank show that the three systems resolved the main features of the dominant tidal flow, but with some rate discrepancies. Examination of the discrepancies indicates that the RDI data were degraded by transmit skew errors, Doppler tracking problems in the presence of high shear and low backscatter, and other minor instrument problems. The resulting inaccuracies were exacerbated by the use of short pulse lengths. Large vertical and error velocities in the Georges Bank data set accounted for some, but not all, of the degradations. Spatial structures in the near-future flow field and degradation of the (paddle-wheel) Aanderaa rate measurement also contributed to the discrepancies. >
A review of sustainable energy utility and energy service utility concepts and applications: realizing ecological and social sustainability with a community utility

Strategies that guided development throughout the 20th century relied heavily on economic optimality as a chief guiding principle in the design of energy, technology, markets, and policy. A review of the record of performance of this decision-making process is followed by a review of proposals to redefine energy progress on sustainability principles. An emerging 21st sustainability paradigm is described which relies on commons-based economics and long-term ecological viability. An existing operational expression of the new paradigm—the Sustainable Energy Utility (SEU)—is analyzed as a practical means to arrive at the New Economics and New Policy which might guide the sector. It is compared to the Energy Service Utility and its applications in order to gauge the transformative potential of the SEU. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
“Bridging the Information Gap” for Virginia Public Health Nurses

This project was designed to increase the public health nurse's knowledge and use of health science information resources available from the National Library of Medicine's databases through the use of the Grateful Med software program. In 1994, the Tompkins-McCaw Library located on the Medical College of Virginia Campus (MCV) of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) was awarded a Nursing Information Access Grant from the Southeastern/Atlantic Region of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This project was a collaboration of the Tompkins McCaw Library, the VCU School of Nursing, and The Virginia Department of Health. Sixty public health nurses received Grateful Med training. Session evaluations were conducted and indicate that although public health nurses received training and had access to health science information resources through Grateful Med, subsequent use of the resources was very limited. Similar to reports on information-seeking behaviors of physicians, public health nurses seek information from colleagues, personal collections, and other resources locally available. Reasons for the project's limited success in changing the health science information seeking and utilization practices of public health nurses are discussed, and potential solutions are proposed.
HLA and mate choice in humans.

Summary and seminatural populations there is a preference for mates with MHC types different from either one’s own Evidence from studies in rodents suggests that mate se- or a foster parent’s strain (Yamazaki et al. 1976, 1978, lection is influenced by major-histocompatibility-com- 1988; Egid and Brown 1989; Potts et al. 1991). Avoidplex haplotypes, with preferences for dissimilar part- ance of mates with similar MHC types would facilitate ners. This study was initiated to determine whether the avoidance of mating with relatives—and the deleteavoidance of a mate with the same HLA haplotype as rious effects of inbreeding that may result. Data on one’s own might be occurring in the Hutterites, a North MHC-based mate choice, from outbred, ethnically hetAmerican reproductive isolate of European ancestry, no- erogeneous human populations, have been inconclusive table for their large sibships, communal lifestyle, and because of the confounding effects of ethnic and racial limited number of five-locus HLA haplotypes (HLA-A, self-preference (Pollack et al. 1982; Rosenberg et al. -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ). HLA haplotypes were known 1983; Jin et al. 1995). The present study was initiated for 411 Hutterite couples. The number of couples ex- to determine whether HLA-based mate choice might be pected to match for a haplotype was calculated in two detectable in an inbred, ethnically homogeneous populaways: first, from population genotype frequencies, with tion with a limited repertoire of HLA genes. account being taken of the nonrandom mating pattern The null hypothesis that HLA genes do not influence with respect to colony lineages, and, second, from com- mate choice was tested in the Hutterites, a Caucasian puter simulations using conservative founder assump- religious isolate living in the northern United States and tions and the exact genealogy of the 411 couples. We western Canada. First we compared the observed numobserved fewer matches for HLA haplotypes between ber of couples matching for an HLA haplotype with an spouses than expected (first method, P A .005; second expected number, by two different methods, as dismethod, P A .020–.067). Among couples who did cussed below. Second, we noted whether the matched match for a haplotype, the matched haplotype was in- haplotypes were equally likely to be inherited from the herited from the mother in 29 cases and from the father mother or the father. Third, we examined the haplotype in 50 cases (P A .018). These results are consistent with composition of the matched haplotypes, hypothesizing the conclusion that Hutterite mate choice is influenced that the frequency of specific haplotypes among the by HLA haplotypes, with an avoidance of spouses with matched haplotypes should reflect the haplotype frehaplotypes that are the same as one’s own. quencies of the sampled population.
An axiomatic approach to deciding query safety in deductive databases

A database query is safe if its result consists of a finite set of tuples. If a query is expressed using a set of pure Horn Clauses, the problem of determining query safety is, in general, undecidable. In this paper we consider a slightly stronger notion of safety, called supersafety, for Horn databases in which function symbols are replaced by the abstraction of infinite relations with finiteness constraints [Ramarkrishman et. al 87] We show that the supersafety problem is not only decidable, but also axiomatizable, and the axiomatization yields an effective decision procedure. Although there are safe queries which are not supersafe, we demonstrate that the latter represent quite a large and nontrivial portion of the safe of all safe queries
Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of electronic states of LaH

Abstract Spectroscopic parameters ( r e , T e , ω e , D 3 , μ e ) and potential energy curves are computed for the low-lying states of LaH using complete active space MCSCF (CASSCF) followed by second-order configuration interaction (SOCI) calculations. Relativistic CI (RCI) calculations were carried out to study the effect of spin—orbit coupling on five low-lying λ—s states. The ground state of LaH is found to be of 1 Σ + symmetry with r e = 2.08 A, ω e =1433 cm −1 , D e =2.60 eV, and μ e =2.42 D. The experimentally observed B↔ C→A, and b↔a band systems are reassigned as B 1 Π(II)↔X 1 Σ + , C 1 Π(III)→X 1 Σ + , and b 3 Δ(III)↔a 3 Π transitions.
Ground-to-Air Cochannel Interference at 2900 Mc

Estimates are given of average ground-to-air interference for a ground installation utilizing a Bendix ASR-1 vertically polarized antenna operating at 2900 Mc. Coverage is defined in terms of 0, 6, 12, and 18-db protection ratios with respect to a similar installation sending out an undesired signal, with station separations of 10, 50, 100 and 150 miles being considered. ``Coverage'' here is not synonymous with the usual concept of service, for no minimum signal is taken into account, but only the ratio between desired and undesired field strengths. Limitations of the estimates are discussed, and their derivation is explained in an appendix to the report.
Alu Insertion Polymorphisms for the Study of Human Genomic Diversity

Genomic database mining has been a very useful aid in the identification and retrieval of recently integrated Alu elements from the human genome. We analyzed Alu elements retrieved from the GenBank database and identified two new Alu subfamilies, Alu Yb9 and Alu Yc2, and further characterized Yc1 subfamily members. Some members of each of the three subfamilies have inserted in the human genome so recently that about a one-third of the analyzed elements are polymorphic for the presence/absence of the Alu repeat in diverse human populations. These newly identified Alu insertion polymorphisms will serve as identical-by-descent genetic markers for the study of human evolution and forensics. Three previously classified Alu Y elements linked with disease belong to the Yc1 subfamily, supporting the retroposition potential of this subfamily and demonstrating that the Alu Y subfamily currently has a very low amplification rate in the human genome.
Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of Stable Continental Regions in North America and Northern Europe

From an analysis of many seismic profiles across the stable continental regions of North America and northern Europe, the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure is determined. Analysis procedures include ray theory calculations and synthetic seismograms computed using reflectivity techniques. The P wave velocity structure beneath the Canadian Shield is virtually identical to that beneath the Baltic Shield to a depth of at least 800 km. Two major layers with a total thickness of about 42 km characterize the crust of these shield regions. Features of the upper mantle of these regions include velocity discontinuities at depths of about 74 km, 330 km, 430 km and 700 km. A 13 km thick P wave low velocity channel beginning at a depth of about 94 km is also present.
Behavioral and population consequences of acarodomatia in grapes on phytoseiid mites (Mesostigmata) and implications for plant breeding

We examined the influence of acarodomatia in the riverbank grape Vitis riparia Michaux (Vitaceae) on the distribution and abundance of predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) and their interactions with herbivorous mites. Acarodomatia are tufts of nonglandular trichomes or pits located in major leaf vein axes of many species of woody perennial plants and are often occupied by predatory and mycophagous mites. In common garden plantings of different accessions of V. riparia we found a significant positive relationship between size of domatia and the abundance of naturally occurring predatory mites. Behavior of adult predatory mites may explain this positive association, in part. In separate laboratory experiments, gravid females of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Amblyseius andersoni Chant spent more time and deposited more eggs on half of a V. riparia leaf with accessible domatia versus the other half in which access to domatia was blocked with pruning tar. Domatia also had population consequences. In an outdoor experiment using potted grapevines, population size of T. pyri and A. andersoni mites was greater on V. riparia with open domatia compared to V. riparia in which domatia were blocked with pruning tar. Population size of predatory mites was also greater on V. riparia with domatia than on Vitis vinifera L., whether their axils were blocked or not. Since V. vinifera have very small domatia, these results indicate that the presence of domatia is important, not just access to vein axils. Elevated predatory mite populations in response to domatia, however, did not translate into differences in the abundance of European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch), an important pest of grapes. Overall, these results indicate that domatia in uncultivated V. riparia promote higher densities of some species of generalist phytoseiid mites. However, domatia are small in most cultivated grapes. We crossed females and males of V. riparia that varied in domatia size and reared their offspring and found that average domatia size in the parents was highly correlated (r2= 0.77, slope = 0.55) with average domatia size in offspring (high narrow-sense heritability). Given that V. riparia possesses many other desirable agronomic traits, this result suggests it should be practical to breed for well-developed domatia in cultivated accessions.