cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contaminant transport resulting from multicomponent nonaqueous phase liquid pool dissolution in three-dimensional subsurface formations

A semi-analytical method for simulating transient contaminant transport originating from the dissolution of multicomponent nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pools in three-dimensional, saturated, homogeneous porous media is presented. Each dissolved component may undergo first-order decay and may sorb under local equilibrium conditions. The NAPL pool dissolution process is envisioned to occur in a series of consecutive short intervals (pulses). The mole fraction, nonaqueous phase activity coefficient and aqueous solubility of every pool constituent are estimated before the initiation of each pulse, and they are assumed to remain constant for the duration of each interval. Individual component aqueous phase concentrations resulting from each dissolution interval are estimated by existing analytical solutions applicable to single component NAPL pools, and total concentration distributions of the same component are obtained by direct superposition. The semi-analytical method is more efficient and less computationally demanding than a finite-difference approximation. Furthermore, it is shown that neglecting the changes in nonaqueous phase activity coefficients that occur during multicomponent NAPL pool dissolution may result in erroneous predictions. The model presented in this work is useful for the design and interpretation of experiments in laboratory bench scale aquifers, certain homogeneous subsurface formations, and for the verification of complex numerical codes.
Effect of Mycobacterium Sp. Strain CH1 and Mycobacterium Sp. Strain CH2 on the Degradation of Four-Ring Creosote Compounds

The influence of nutrients, Mycobacterium sp. strain CH1 and Mycobacterium sp. strain CH2 on the degradation of aged creosote hydrocarbon contaminants was investigated. The Mycobacterium sp. strain CH2 showed the highest positive influence on the degradation of three- and four-ring PAH compounds. The addition of Mycobacterium sp. strain CH1 had the second highest measured positive influence on the degradation of four-ring compounds. Soluble nitrogen and phosphorus also increased the degradation of aged creosote compounds in the contaminated soil. The addition of bacteria decreased the number of measured bacterial species, indicating competition for limited nutrients in the soil.
Rest is the hidden key to successful leadership

Purpose – The article aims to describe the reasons that rest is an important part of leadership.Design/methodology/approach – The benefits of rest to the organization and to the individual are explained. The article advances practical strategies that leaders can implement in their teams to replenish the energy levels within them.Findings – The article details the importance of creating mandatory “no smart‐phone” times with teams; ensuring and enforcing a mandatory “no contact” practice between employees and the office while they are on vacation; finding ways to creatively praise employees who ask for time off for special family events, rather than praising those who sacrifice family events for the sake of work projects; and finding reasons, when possible, to send employees home early at random times with the mandate to relax at home.Practical implications – It is explained that rest is essential to success as leaders. Leaders cannot perform at maximum efficiency 100 percent of the time.Social implications...
Extraction with triton X-100 of active polysomes from monolayer cultures of embryonic muscle cells

Abstract 1. A new procedure has been developed for the extraction of undegraded polysomes from monolayer cultures of developing chick embryo muscle. The cells were lysed with 0.5 % Triton X-100, the cell debris removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant containing the polysomes was analyzed on sucrose gradients. 2. Polysomes extracted in this way, as well as charging enzymes and tRNA's, are not denatured and are capable of synthesizing protein in vitro. 3. The large myosin synthesizing polysomes which have been observed in extracts of uncultured developing muscle tissue have been observed in extracts of cultured muscle. Cultured muscle also contains a lower proportion of monomers than usually seen in polysome preparations from other sources.
Usability of product X-lessons from a real product

Abstract Using the example of a real product, this paper shows how various usability assessments, conducted by different human factors engineers, in several phases of the product's development life-cycle, identified similar potential usability problems. Circumstances dictated that no remedial action was taken, so it was possible to track these potential usability defects to customer sites, where it was found that most of the important problems did indeed occur. Thus, it can be demonstrated that human factors advice was valid and reliable. In simpler terms, early usability evaluation by human factors engineers can save hours of wasted development effort and customer frustration, and can help to ensure that a more usable product is produced.
Father involvement in infant care: two longitudinal studies

Data collected from two samples of fathers in separate longitudinal studies were compared. One sample consisted of 53 first-time fathers and the other of 69 multiple-time fathers. A post-test only time-series design was used for both studies, and both employed the same procedures and instruments. The studies examined role enactment of fathers with different child-caring experiences using role-theory concepts. Fathers' normative expectations, personal expectations, and personal learning about parenting were tested to determine if they were predictive of paternal role performance. The findings seem to indicate that the culture of fatherhood has changed more rapidly than the conduct of fatherhood.
A note on the equivalence of two heuristics to minimize total tardiness

Abstract Over the last thirty years, many researchers have studied single machine static and deterministic scheduling with the objective of minimizing total tardiness. It has been established that the tardiness problem is NP-hard. So it is unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm can be found for developing optimal solutions to this problem. The Modified Due Date rule (MDD) is generally considered to be an efficient heuristic that deals with the tardiness problem. Recently, Panwalkar et al. have proposed the PSK rule as effective in dealing with tardiness. The purpose of this paper is to show that the PSK rule is an implementation of the MDD rule. Furthermore, the relationship between the MDD rule and the WI (Wilkeson and Irwin) rule is clarified.
Mandarin resultative verb compounds: Simple syntax and complex thematic relations

Abstract This paper offers a comprehensive lexical-semantic account of Mandarin resultative verb compounds (RVCs). On this account, the complex thematic relations expressed by RVCs result from different interactions of the individual thematic relation expressed by each component of the compound and the composite thematic relation expressed by the whole compound, and from the different ways of realizing the Causer and the Causee. This lexical-semantic account has theoretical implications for the relation between the Agent and the Causer and for the division of labor between syntax on the one hand and semantics (and pragmatics) on the other.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Risk Characteristics of Patients With Prostate Cancer Within the Veterans Affairs Health Care System: Data From CaPSURE

ABSTRACTPurpose: Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system investigators perform large clinical trials in prostate cancer treatment but potential differences between VA and other patient cohorts have not been explored systematically.Materials and Methods: Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor is an ongoing observational database of men with prostate cancer, comprising 7,202 patients treated at 35 sites across the United States. Three sites that together contribute 241 patients are VA medical centers. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between all VA and nonVA patients in the database and a multivariate model was used to explore the interactions between ethnicity and VA status for predicting clinical characteristics.Results: VA patients were 4 times as likely as nonVA patients to be black. They had lower income, less education and more co-morbidity at presentation (all comparisons p <0.0001). VA patients had higher risk disease. Mean serum prostate specific antigen ...
Decreased Expression of Kv4.2 and Novel Kv4.3 K+ Channel Subunit mRNAs in Ventricles of Renovascular Hypertensive Rats

Abstract Hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy is associated with alterations in ventricular action potentials. To understand molecular mechanisms underlying this electrical abnormality, expression of cardiac voltage-gated K+ channel subunit genes was examined in ventricles of renovascular hypertensive rats. While generating a rat Kv4.3 probe, we discovered a previously unreported 19–amino acid insertion in the C-terminal intracellular region of the channel subunit. RNase protection assays indicated that this novel isoform is predominant in rat lung and heart. Effects of renovascular hypertension were then determined by using renal artery clipping models: two-kidney, one clip (2K-1C) rats, a model of high-renin hypertension with a normal plasma volume, and one-kidney, one clip (1K-1C) rats, a model of normal renin with a raised plasma volume. Expression of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 mRNAs was diminished by >50% in ventricles of 2K-1C rats; however, no changes in the expression of Kv1.2, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv2.1, or Kv...
Combined ultrasound and near infrared diffusive light imaging

The authors have investigated the use of combining near infrared (NIR) diffuse light and ultrasound methods to increase detection sensitivity and specificity of small targets by ultrasound. A line-of-sight optical projection through a test phantom is identified from an amplitude null and a sharp phase transition produced by diffusive waves originating from 2 in-phase (initial phase 0/spl deg/) and out-of-phase (initial phase 180/spl deg/) sources. This line-of-sight is scanned across the test phantom. A complete ultrasound B-scan image is recorded at each project line in the optical scan. Each acoustic image plane is bisected by the optical beam path and lies in the optical scan plane. The test phantom simulates acoustic and optical properties of homogeneous tissue. A single small cylinder simulating some breast tumor properties is inserted somewhere in the test phantom. The optical scanning identifies quite well the line-of-sight passing through the tumor simulator. Most of these simulated tumors were at or below the threshold for acoustic detection and were not seen consistently with unguided ultrasound. For tests in which a target was apparently identified optically, the selected line of sight was indicated in each of 3 adjacent ultrasound images. Two radiologist observers were statistically more accurate (83%) in identifying the target location on the optically-selected ultrasound images than in the unmarked images (52%). That is, in these single-target, phantoms of homogeneous background, the optical technique usually provided the correct line-of-sight and ultrasound generally showed the location along that line. Performance of this combined technique in the detection of breast tumors needs further clinical evaluation.
Conformational interconversion in compstatin probed with molecular dynamics simulations.

Compstatin is a 13-residue cyclic peptide that has the potential to become a therapeu- tic agent against unregulated complement activa- tion. In our effort to understand the structural and dynamic characteristics of compstatin that form the basis for rational and combinatorial optimization of structure and activity, we performed 1-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We used as input in the MD simulations the ensemble of 21 lowest energy NMR structures, the average minimized structure, and a global optimization structure. At the end of the MD simulations we identified five conforma- tions, with populations ranging between 9% and 44%. These conformations are as follows: 1) coil with R-R -turn, as was the conformation of the initial ensemble of NMR structures; 2) -hairpin with -R -turn; 3) -hairpin with R-R -turn; 4) -hairpin with R--turn; and 5) -helical. Conformational switch was possible with small amplitude backbone motions of the order of 0.1- 0.4 A and free energy barrier crossing of 2-11 kcal/mol. All of the 21 MD structures corresponding to the NMR ensemble pos- sessed a -turn, with 14 structures retaining the R-R -turn type, but the average minimized struc- ture and the global optimization structures were converted to -helical conformations. Overall, the MD simulations have aided to gain insight into the conformational space sampled by compstatin and have provided a measure of conformational intercon- version. The calculated conformers will be useful as structural and possibly dynamic templates for opti- mization in the design of compstatin using structure- activity relations (SAR) or dynamics-activity rela- tions (DAR). Proteins 2003;52:130 -141.
Feline Diabetes Mellitus: Low Carbohydrates Versus High Fiber?

Treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the cat relies primarily on the adequate insulin therapy and controlled dietary intake. The goals of managing DM in the cat have changed from attaining glycemic control to achieving diabetic remission (transient diabetes) in a large proportion of cases. Remission rates of up to 68% have been published. The used of low-carbohydrate foods for cats improves the odds of achieving diabetic remission by fourfold. Nonetheless, some cats show an improved response to high-fiber food. Clinical judgement, trial, and personal preference to currently dictate which diet to offer an individual animal.
Heat-inactivated frog virus 3 selectively inhibits equine herpesvirus type 1 translation in a temporal class-dependent manner.

Abstract Superinfection of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1)-infected rabbit kidney cells with heat-inactivated frog virus 3 (ΔFV3) differentially blocked EHV-1 protein synthesis. The extent of inhibition varied with the specific EHV-1 message, but in general late protein synthesis was inhibited more than early and immediate early translation. Since FV3 has been shown to block heterologous RNA and protein synthesis, it was necessary to determine whether the observed reduction in herpesvirus protein synthesis was primarily due to a block in translation or to an earlier inhibition of EHV-1 mRNA synthesis. To distinguish between these alternatives, replicate cultures of EHV-1 infected cells were either superinfected with ΔFV3 or treated with 10 μg/ml actinomycin D at 6 hr after infection, and EHV-1 protein synthesis monitored 3 hr later. We found that addition of actinomycin D to EHV-I infected cultures had only a slight effect on EHV-1 translation, whereas superinfection with ΔFV3 markedly reduced EHV-1 protein synthesis. This result suggested that the observed decline in EHV-1 protein synthesis was not due to the inhibition of herpesvirus mRNA synthesis. In addition, we showed that RNA extracted from ΔFV3-superinfected cells directed the synthesis of full-size EHV-1 proteins in otro indicating that shut-off was not caused by the degradation of EHV-1 mRNAs. Taken together these results show that ΔFV3 selectively inhibited EHV-1 protein synthesis and are consistent with earlier observations which suggest that translational shut-off occurs at initiation.
Optimization of Chemical Etching Process in Niobium Cavities

Superconducting niobium cavities are important components of linear accelerators. Buffered chemical polishing (bcp) on the inner surface of the cavity is a standard procedure to improve its performance. The quality of bcp, however, has not been optimized well in terms of the uniformity of surface smoothness. A finite element computational fluid dynamics (cfd) model was developed to simulate the chemical etching process inside the cavity. The analysis confirmed the observation of other researchers that the sections closer to the axis of the cavity received more etching than other regions. A baffle was used by lanl personnel to direct the flow of the etching fluid toward the walls of the cavity. A new baffle design was tined using optimization techniques. The redesigned baffle significantly improves the performance of the etching process. To verify these results an experimental setup for flow visualization was created. The setup consists of a high speed, high resolution ccd camera. The camera is positioned by a computer-controlled traversing mechanism. A dye injecting arrangement is used for tracking the fluid path. Experimental results are in general agreement with computational findings.
Receptor-Mediated Clearance of Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide In Vivo

Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) is shed during cryptococcosis and taken up by macrophages. The roles of the putative GXM receptors CD14, CD18, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 in GXM clearance from serum and deposition in the liver and spleen in receptor-deficient mice were studied. While alterations in the kinetics of GXM redistribution were seen in the mutant mice, none of the receptors was absolutely required for serum clearance or hepatosplenic accumulation.
Managing excessive predation in a predator-endangered prey setting

Abstract Bioeconomic analyses of predator–prey systems examine how to adjust species management in response to predation spillovers to avoid inefficiencies. Predation spillovers refer to the net economic value of predation, taking into account the impacts on prey. Inefficiencies arise when the species interactions that generate this value are not managed to maximize the net economic surplus generated by the system. Consumptive values for predator and/or prey harvests factor into the value of predation spillovers in prior work. In contrast, we examine the optimal management of a predator–prey system where the only values are non-market values associated with the species' abundances. We find that adverse predation spillovers may alone create social incentives for harvests or other interventions. Moreover, optimally reducing adverse predation spillovers may increase both species' abundances — an ecological “win–win” outcome that increases economic surplus, although the result depends on the controls used. We examine predator removal and predator exclosures that shelter prey from predation. Using a numerical example of the Great Lakes Piping Plover, an endangered prey bird, and Merlins, a falcon predator, we find predator exclosures can reduce inefficiencies and produce a win–win outcome.
Reduced-complexity baseband compensation of joint Tx/Rx I/Q imbalance in mobile MIMO-OFDM

Direct-conversion multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) transceivers enjoy high data rates and reliability at practical implementation complexity. However, analog front-end impairments such as I/Q imbalance and high mobility requirements of next-generation broadband wireless standards result in performance-limiting inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this paper, we study the effects of ICI due to these impairments for OFDM with space frequency block codes and spatial multiplexing, derive a generalized linear model and propose a non-iterative reduced-complexity digital baseband joint compensation scheme. Furthermore, we present a pilot scheme for joint estimation of the channel and the I/Q imbalance parameters and evaluate its performance through simulations. Our proposed scheme is effective in estimating and compensating for frequency-independent and frequency-dependent transmit and receive I/Q imbalances even in the presence of a residual frequency offset.
Robot end-effector sensing with position sensitive detector and inertial sensors

For the motion control of industrial robots, the end-effector performance is of the ultimate interest. However, industrial robots are generally only equipped with motor-side encoders. Accurate estimation of the end-effector position and velocity is thus difficult due to complex joint dynamics. To overcome this problem, this paper presents an optical sensor based on position sensitive detector (PSD), referred as PSD camera, for direct end-effector position sensing. PSD features high precision and fast response while being cost-effective, thus is favorable for real-time feedback applications. In addition, to acquire good velocity estimation, a kinematic Kalman filter (KKF) is applied to fuse the measurement from the PSD camera with that from inertial sensors mounted on the end-effector. The performance of the developed PSD camera and the application of the KKF sensor fusion scheme have been validated through experiments on an industrial robot.
Does Prison-Based Adult Basic Education Improve Postrelease Outcomes for Male Prisoners in Florida?

The authors use administrative data from Florida to determine the extent to which prison-based adult basic education (ABE) improves inmate’s postrelease labor market outcomes, such as earnings and employment. Using two nonexperimental comparison groups, the authors find evidence that ABE participation is associated with higher postrelease earnings and employment rates, especially for minorities. The authors find that the relationship is the largest for ABE participants who had uninterrupted ABE instruction and for those who received other education services. However, the results do not find any positive effects of ABE participation on reducing recidivism.
IGF2-driven PI3 kinase and TGFβ signaling pathways in chondrogenesis

Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) is essential for fetal development as well as maintenance of adult organs such as brain and liver. Although genetic polymorphisms of IGF2 are linked to cytoskeletal variations little is known about the mechanisms of IGF2 action in proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes for skeletal growth. A genome-wide mRNA expression analysis using C28/I2 chondrocyte cells studied potential signaling pathways underlying the responses to IGF2. Microarray data predicted involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways. Protein analyses revealed IGF2 administration activated phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β in the PI3K pathway. LY294002 (selective inhibitor of PI3K) blocked Akt phosphorylation and abolished IGF2-driven elevation of the mRNA levels of the proteoglycans, Aggrecan and Versican. LY294002 did not suppress upregulation of TGFβ mRNA induced by IGF2, so IGF2 activates PI3K and TGFβ pathways. IGF2-driven transcriptional activation of proteoglycan genes such as Aggrecan and Versican is mediated by the PI3K pathway.
Renal Papillary Necrosis in Horses after Phenylbutazone and Water Deprivation

Acute renal papillary necrosis occurred in five horses given normal therapeutic doses of phenylbutazone and deprived of water for 36 to 48 hours prior to euthanasia. Five horses given phenylbutazone alone and four horses subjected to water deprivation alone did not develop papillary necrosis. Urinalyses were normal prior to water deprivation, and also after water deprivation in the horses that did not receive phenylbutazone, but the water- deprived, phenylbutazone-treated horses had many red blood cells, transitional epithelial cells, and large numbers of oxalate crystals in their urine. Ulceration of the alimentary tract was seen in more than 50% of these horses. Tongue ulceration was present in one of five horses given phenylbutazone and one of five horses which had phenylbutazone and water deprivation. Ulceration of the gastric mucosa was seen in two of the five phenylbutazone-treated horses, four of five horses with phenylbutazone treatment and water deprivation, and one of four horses with water deprivation alone. Severe colonic ulceration with perforation and peritonitis was present in one horse given phenyl- butazone for three months. No other significant changes in the small or large intestine were seen in the other 13 horses.
How Dense Should a Sensor Network Be for Detection With Correlated Observations

A detection problem in sensor networks is considered, where the sensor nodes are placed on a line and receive partial information about their environment. The nodes transmit a summary of their observations over a noisy communication channel to a fusion center for the purpose of detection. The observations at the sensors are samples of a spatial stochastic process, which is one of two possible signals corrupted by Gaussian noise. Two cases are considered: one where the signal is deterministic under each hypothesis, and the other where the signal is a correlated Gaussian process under each hypothesis. The nodes are assumed to be subject to a power density constraint, i.e., the power per unit distance is fixed, so that the power per node decreases linearly with the node density. Under these constraints, the central question that is addressed is: how dense should the sensor array be, i.e., is it better to use a few high-cost, high-power nodes or to have many low-cost, low-power nodes? An answer to this question is obtained by resorting to an asymptotic analysis where the number of nodes is large. In this asymptotic regime, the Gaumlrtner-Ellis theorem and similar large-deviation theory results are used to study the impact of node density on system performance. For the deterministic signal case, it is shown that performance improves monotonically with sensor density. For the stochastic signal case, a finite sensor density is shown to be optimal
Mating Disruption and Attract-and-Kill as Reduced-Risk Strategies for Control of Grape Root Borer Vitacea polistiformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Florida Vineyards

Mating disruption and attract-and-kill (A&K) gels were evaluated for control of grape root borer (GRB), Vitacea polistiformis Harris (Lepidoptera:Sessidae), in Florida grape (Vitis sp.) vineyards. For mating disruption, pheromone twist-ties with leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), pheromone were placed in vines at a rate of 635 per ha. Attract-and-kill (A&K) gels containing the GRB pheromone and a pyrethrin (botanical insecticide) were applied to vine trunks at a rate of 112.5 g per hectare. These treatments were compared with chlorpyrifos (Lorsban), an organophosphate insecticide, and an untreated control in a randomized complete block design. Two wing-style sticky traps with GRB pheromone were placed in each treatment to monitor male moth activity and determine levels of trap shutdown. Complete trap shutdown occurred in the twist-tie sections for both 2003 and 2004 suggesting disruption of mating. Traps placed in the A&K and the pheromone twist-tie sections caught significantly fewer GRB than the Lorsban treatments in 2003. In 2004, significantly fewer moths were caught in the pheromone twist-tie and Lorsban treatments than the A&K and untreated controls. The differences between 2003 and 2004 for A&K treatments were due to the use of the incorrect pheromone blend in the 2004 batch of A&K. Whereas the differences in Lorsban treatments between both years may be related to residual activity of the pesticide. The economics of adopting A&K and mating disruption with twist-ties containing leopard moth pheromone is discussed. Both A&K and mating disruption with the leopard moth pheromone show promise as reduced-risk control tactics to be used in a GRB integrated pest management program and warrant further study.
Integrating dynamic walking and arm impedance control for cooperative transportation

This paper presents a method for integrating a cooperative manipulation task in the design of dynamic walking motions for an underactuated bipedal robot. Applications that involve physical interaction between a walking biped and a leading human (or robot) collaborator, require that the biped exhibits compliance at the port of interaction with the collaborator, while at the same time be capable of adjusting its stepping pattern in response to the interaction forces developed. To achieve these objectives, the proposed method combines impedance control of the biped's arm with position control of its legs in a way that the closed-loop system adapts its stepping pattern in accordance with the collaborator's intentions. The method is applied in the case of a bipedal robot model walking over flat ground and up and down stairs of known geometry under the influence of a trajectory that is unknown to the biped and represents the intention of a collaborator.
An Equity Market Model and its Implications

We derive a simple model of the market - an equation for investor return as a function of four variables. The model defines optimal dividend, investment, and share repurchase policy. The model confirms Tobin's proposition that the equilibrium market value of equity assets should equal the current cost of those assets. The model also predicts that the ratio of investor return to earnings yield should revert to an equilibrium value of one. Analysis of 133 years of aggregate market data supports this prediction, and confirms a definition of equity in q theory that does not include intangibles.
Nanomanufacturing of Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Based Spherical Biomaterials Using a Continuous Flow Method.

Nanomanufacturing of nanoparticles is critical for potential translation and commercialization. Continuous flow devices can alleviate this need through unceasing production of nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate the scaled-up production of spherical nanoparticles functionalized with biomedical cargos from the rod-shaped plant virus tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using a mesofluidic, continued flow method. Production yields were increased 30-fold comparing the mesofluidic device versus batch methods. Finally, we produced MRI contrast agents of select sizes, with per particle relaxivity reaching 979,218 mM–1 s–1 at 60 MHz. These TMV-based spherical nanoparticle MRI contrast agents are in the top echelon of relaxivity per nanoparticle.
Case control study of accidental injury risk factors of middle school students in Huangpu District of Shanghai City

[Objective]To investigate accidental injury risk factors of middle school students,and provide scientific evidence for developing accidental injury prevention measures.[Methods]A total of 240 cases,1: 1 matched by gender,age and class were assigned into case group and control group.Risk factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.[Results]]Univariate analysis showed that following factors were risk factors of accidental injury,such as parents' marital status,students' body weight,BMI index,nighttime sleep quality,academic performance,the psychoticism(stubborn character) and neuroticism psychology(emotional),climbing a dangerous place,fighting,drinking,exercising without warming up,tired exercising,difficulty sports without teacher guidance,exercising without protected equipment,running red lights,don't walk the sidewalks.Multivariate analysis showed that BMI index,nighttime sleep quality and neuroticism psychology were major risk factors of accidental injury.[Conclusion]Occurrence of accidental injury is the result of combined effects of many factors.The effects of parents' marital status,poor physical and mental health and behavior of middle school students cannot be ignored.Prevention and control of accidental injury should focus on school education and the complementary family education.School counseling room should play a role in promoting students' physical and mental health.Attentions should be paid to ways and means of enhancing students' physical fitness,step by step
Analysis of operation and surveillance status of measles laboratory network in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2012

Objective To evaluate operation status of measles laboratory network(MLN) in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2012, and to provide technical support for measles elimination initiatively in 2012. Methods Data of IgM testing, samples for virus isolation and internal quality control of measles laboratory in Gansu Province were analyzed. Results From 2011 to 2012, there were 1 275 suspected measles cases reported from measles surveillance system(MSS) in Gansu Province, and 1 242 sera samples collected with collection rate of 97.41%. 710 samples were detected IgM positive for measles with the positive rate of 57.16%, and 1 198 sera specimens were detected for rubella with the positive rate of 20.36%. 1 019 throat swab samples were collected from 2011 to 2012, and 58 strains of wild measles virus were isolated to be H1a genotype, 20 strains to be 1E genotype. Measles laboratory of Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) passed the field certification by National Measles Laboratory of Chinese CDC and WHO, with coincidence rate of blind examination and rechecking of the sera samples of 100.00%, from 2011 to 2012. All measles laboratories of the 14 CDCs of cities or prefectures passed functional authority examination and field certification held by the provincial CDC in two years, with the coincidence rate of 96.67% for blind examination of the sera samples and 98.41% for the sera sampling rechecking. Conclusions From 2011 to 2012, MLN in Gansu Province is in good working order, and provides technical support for the laboratory diagnosis of suspected measles cases and measles epidemic monitoring, and also scientific basis for preventing measles virus from spread.
Productivity analysis for fractured well in low permeability reservoir

According to non-Darcy percolation law in low permeability reservoir, a numerical model for bilinear flow in vertical fracture well under normal flowing pressure is established and solved, and productivity curve is drawn and analyzed. The result shows that, skin factor has a big impact on initial production of fractured well. The higher the skin factor is, the lower the initial production is. As production time increases, the impact of skin effect becomes disappearing. Starting pressure gradient mainly affects the productivity of fractured well in mid-late stage. The higher the starting pressure is, the faster the production declines. Therefore, the impact of starting pressure gradient must be considered when analyzing the productivity of vertical fracture well in low permeability reservoir.
Neighboring π-Amide Participation in Thioether Oxidation: Conformational Control

The electrochemical oxidation of thioethers is shown to be facilitated by neighboring amide participation. 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis in acetonitrile solution of two conformationally constrained compounds with such facilitation shows that two-electron participation by the amide π2 orbital can occur to stabilize the developing sulfur radical cation.
Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation through Capped Clay Nanotubes

Stem cells can be coaxed to grow into new bone or new cartilage better and faster when given the right molecular cues. The challenge is inducing how and where stem cells grow and into the right kin...
The Solution: Cogito

No one has portrayed better the deep and powerful skepticism that prevailed during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, especially in France, in the fields of science, mathematics, and religion than Richard Popkin. Religious persecution was rampant, and epistemology was “a new machine of war.” Given the extreme doubt regarding so many matters, confidence in the possibility of knowledge was low, at best. This was the skepticism that Descartes tried desperately to combat. He wanted to combat it by showing that there was, at least, one certainty on which an entire edifice of knowledge could be constructed. That certainty was such that it could not be doubted, no matter how deep and sweeping the doubt that the human mind could invent. On that certainty, the confidence in human reason could be regenerated. So Descartes thought. In this matter, Descartes nicely contrasts with Saint Augustine. Here is Saint Augustine in De Utilitate Credendi : “I could produce many arguments to show that absolutely nothing in human society will be safe if we decide to believe only what we can regard as having been clearly perceived” (CSM II, 152; AT VII, 217). By contrast, Descartes' revolution of reason was designed to show that nothing would be safe if we decided otherwise – neither society, nor knowledge, nor for that matter faith. “I am vain enough to think,” he said, “that the faith has never been so strongly supported by human arguments as it may be if my principles are adopted” (CSMK, 88; AT I, 564).
Comorbid Tourette’s and Bipolar Disorders

Of 205 patients with Tourette’s disorder in the North Dakota Longitudinal Tourette Syndrome Surveillance Project, 15 had comorbid bipolar disorder.
8 – α2-Adrenergic Receptors: Apparent Interaction with Multiple Effector Systems

Publisher Summary α-Adrenergic receptors of the α2 subtype have been categorized by the order of potency of agonists in eliciting physiological effect and the greater sensitivity of these effects to blockade by the antagonist yohimbine than by prazosin. The receptor binding sites are identified using a number of commercially available agonist, partial agonist, and antagonist radioligands. α2-Adrenergic receptors have been demonstrated to be linked to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity via a GTP-binding protein that is distinct from that GTP-binding protein involved in mediating hormonal stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. However, it is interesting that only in a limited number of circumstances can the ultimate physiological effects mediated via α2-adrenergic receptors be solely attributed to the lowering of intracellular cAMP concentrations. More frequently, it appears that at least a part of the effects elicited by α2-adrenergic agents occur distal to changes in cAMP accumulation. These latter observations are provocative and suggest that the α2-adrenergic receptor in a single target cell is linked to multiple potential effector systems.
Urgeschichte der Moderne 1931 – 1940

Anfang September 1932 berichtet Benjamin in einem Brief an Scholem, das er »eine kleine Folge begonnen« habe, von der schon die Halfte vorliege: »›Berliner Kindheit um 1900‹ – eine Darstellung meiner fruhesten Erinnerungen« (GB IV, 131). Nicht zuletzt die biographischen Umstande ihrer Niederschrift scheinen der Berliner Kindheit einen besonderen Stellenwert im Werk Benjamins zu geben. Wenige Wochen zuvor hatte Benjamin unter dem Eindruck des gescheiterten Versuchs, den politisch und okonomisch druckenden Verhaltnissen in Deutschland durch die Emigration zu entkommen, den Entschlus gefast, sich das Leben zu nehmen. So nahe es liegen mag, in diesem personlichen Hintergrund einen Anlas zur Niederschrift autobiographischer Erinnerungen zu vermuten, so wenig halten der Text selbst und seine Entstehungsgeschichte dieser Vermutung stand. »Erinnerungen, selbst wenn sie in die Breite gehen, stellen nicht immer eine Autobiographie dar. Und dies hier ist gewis keine«, hatte Benjamin bereits in der Berliner Chronik betont, aus der die Berliner Kindheit durch eingreifende Umarbeitung hervorging. Wie das Vorwort zur Fassung letzter Hand belegt, gilt dies erst recht fur den spateren Text. In dem Mase, in dem, wie es dort heist, »die biographischen Zuge […] in diesen Versuchen ganz zurucktreten« (GS VII/1, 385), rucken sie den zeitgleich entstandenen, eher theoretisch orientierten Texten um so aufschlusreicher an die Seite.
Single-scan rest/stress imaging: validation in a porcine model with 18F-Flurpiridaz

18F-labeled myocardial flow agents are becoming available for clinical application but the ∼2 hour half-life of 18F complicates their clinical application for rest-stress measurements. The goal of this work is to evaluate in a pig model a single-scan method which provides quantitative rest-stress blood flow in less than 15 minutes. Single-scan rest-stress measurements were made using 18F-Flurpiridaz. Nine scans were performed in healthy pigs and seven scans were performed in injured pigs. A two-injection, single-scan protocol was used in which an adenosine infusion was started 4 minutes after the first injection of 18F-Flurpiridaz and followed either 3 or 6 minutes later by a second radiotracer injection. In two pigs, microsphere flow measurements were made at rest and during stress. Dynamic images were reoriented into the short axis view, and regions of interest (ROIs) for the 17 myocardial segments were defined in bull’s eye fashion. PET data were fitted with MGH2, a kinetic model with time varying kinetic parameters, in which blood flow changes abruptly with the introduction of adenosine. Rest and stress myocardial blood flow (MBF) were estimated simultaneously. The first 12–14 minutes of rest-stress PET data were fitted in detail by the MGH2 model, yielding MBF measurement with a mean precision of 0.035 ml/min/cc. Mean myocardial blood flow across pigs was 0.61 ± 0.11 mL/min/cc at rest and 1.06 ± 0.19 mL/min/cc at stress in healthy pigs and 0.36 ± 0.20 mL/min/cc at rest and 0.62 ± 0.24 mL/min/cc at stress in the ischemic area. Good agreement was obtained with microsphere flow measurement (slope = 1.061 ± 0.017, intercept = 0.051 ± 0.017, mean difference 0.096 ± 0.18 ml/min/cc). Accurate rest and stress blood flow estimation can be obtained in less than 15 min of PET acquisition. The method is practical and easy to implement suggesting the possibility of clinical translation.
Multi-modality imaging-monitored creation of rat orthotopic pancreatic head cancer with obstructive jaundice

// Zhibin Bai 1, 2 , Yaoping Shi 1 , Jianfeng Wang 1 , Longhua Qiu 1 , Gaojun Teng 2 , Feng Zhang 1, * and Xiaoming Yang 1, 3, * 1 Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA 2 Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeastern University, Nanjing, China 3 Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Show Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Xiaoming Yang, email: xmyang@u.washington.edu Keywords: pancreatic cancer, multi-modality imaging, model, rat, orthotopic Received: January 18, 2017 Accepted: April 07, 2017 Published: April 21, 2017 ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using multi-modality imaging to monitor the creation of rat models with orthotopic pancreatic head cancer with obstructive jaundice. Results: 27 of 52 rats (51.92%) developed pancreatic head cancer. The tumor formation rate was significantly higher in the animal group receiving bioluminescent tumor, compared to the group receiving non-bioluminescent donor tumors [78.1% (25/32 rats) vs 10.0% (2/20 rats), P = 0.0001]. Both ultrasound imaging and MRI clearly characterized the orthotopic tumors. Laboratory biochemistry test for those rats with obstructive jaundice showed elevated levels of bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (λ-GGT), compared with those rats without jaundice ( P < 0.05). Correlative pathology confirmed that all tumors were ductal adenocarcinomas, and located in pancreatic head regions. Materials and Methods: Rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (DSL-6A/C1) were first transfected with lentivirus/mCherry-luciferase genes, and then subcutaneously implanted into flanks of donor immunocompetent Lewis rats, to create pancreatic tumor tissues. The tumor tissues from donor rats with either bioluminescence signal or without the signal were then transplanted into the pancreatic heads of 52 recipient Lewis rats. Bioluminescence optical and ultrasound imaging, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were performed to follow up the tumor formation and growth in these tumor-transplanted rats. Physical examination and biochemistry test were used to discern the rats with obstructive jaundice. The rats were euthanized for subsequent histologic correlation and confirmation. Conclusions: We successfully created a new rat model with orthotopic pancreatic head cancer, which can be accurately monitored and visualized by different imaging modalities.
A Better Calculus for Regulators: From Cost-Benefit Analysis to the Social Welfare Function

The “social welfare function” (SWF) is a powerful tool that originates in theoretical welfare economics and has wide application in economic scholarship, for example in optimal tax theory and environmental economics. This Article provides a comprehensive introduction to the SWF framework. It then shows how the SWF framework can be used as the basis for regulatory policy analysis, and why it improves upon cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Two types of SWFs are especially plausible: the utilitarian SWF, which sums individual well-being numbers, and the prioritarian SWF, which gives extra weight to the well-being of the worse off. Either one of these is an improvement over CBA, which uses a monetary metric to quantify well-being and is thereby distorted by the declining marginal utility of money. The Article employs a simulation model based on the U.S. population survival curve and income distribution to illustrate, in detail, how the two SWFs differ from CBA in selecting risk-regulation policies.
Residents and urban greenways: Modeling support for the Atlanta BeltLine

Abstract Urban greenways have received significant attention due to their many publicized benefits and costs that make them contentious recreational developments. Most prior studies have approached urban greenways from a demand-side perspective solely focused on their users. This study adds to the literature by taking a supply-side approach to assessing resident attitudes towards greenways and using these attitudes to predict support for greenways. Building off of Weber’s theory of formal and substantive rationality and social exchange theory, resident support for the Atlanta BeltLine is posited to be a function of different extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsically, it is hypothesized support for the BeltLine is a function of residents’ frequency of use and their perceptions of how the greenway trail generates economic benefits within their neighborhood. Intrinsically, it is hypothesized resident support for the BeltLine is a function of how the BeltLine psychologically, socially, and politically empowers or disempowers residents. To test these hypotheses, surveys were distributed across three neighborhoods adjacent to portions of the Atlanta BeltLine using door-to-door systematic census-guided random sampling. The 568 usable surveys (60% response rate) were entered into SPSS’ AMOS and used to assess both the construct validity and predictive validity of the measures. The model explained 62% of the variance in support for the Atlanta BeltLine with four of the five antecedents being significant. Implications suggest that support for greenways is more than just a function of frequency of use, but a complicated mix of use and perceptions of the trail’s economic benefits and empowerment.
Case 34-2017. A 76-Year-Old Man with Fever, Weight Loss, and Weakness.

A 76-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of weakness and fever. Seventeen days earlier, he had presented with fatigue, weight loss, and guaiac-positive stool. Within 12 hours after admission, altered mental status developed. A diagnostic test was performed.
Enargeia, Persuasion, and the Vividness Effect in Athenian Forensic Oratory

This essay argues that enargeia, the “vivid” quality of language that encourages listeners or readers to develop mental images, was an integral element of rhetorical strategy in the courts of Class...
Updates on next-generation array-based weather radar developments at the University of Oklahoma

The University of Oklahoma's Advanced Radar Research Center has been developing several weather radar systems that leverage modern phased array technologies to provide advanced functionality as well as multi-function capability. This paper details the latest achievements during the development of these systems, as well as some notional plans for future research opportunities that these systems will enable.