cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micropulsations in the morning sector: 2. Satellite observations of 10‐ to 45‐s waves at synchronous orbit, ATS 1

A study of 13 wave events having 10- to 45-s periods and observed by ATS 1 in the morning sector reveals that these events, which have been called band-limited pulsations and are thought to be related to Pi 1, appear actually to be Pc 3. Digital power-spectral and coherency analysis was used to determine the characteristics of the wave activity. The average peak frequency of the events (about 0.04 Hz) and their generally narrow-band nature correspond closely with the characteristics of Pc 3. The local-time distribution of the events (peaking at 0900 LT) and their less than complete association with substorms also correspond more closely with Pc 3 characteristics. The orientation of the major axis of the polarization ellipse for these events was predominantly azimuthal, which agrees more closely with the east-west polarization of Pi 1 observed on the ground. However, some examples of radial orientation were observed in the satellite data.
Neonatal sepsis: Progress towards improved outcomes

Neonates are predisposed to infections during the perinatal period due to multiple exposures and a relatively compromised immune system. The burden of disease attributed to neonatal infections varies by geographic region and maternal and neonatal risk factors. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than 1.4 million neonatal deaths annually are the consequence of invasive infections. Risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) include prematurity, immunologic immaturity, maternal Group B streptococcal colonization, prolonged rupture of membranes, and maternal intra-amniotic infection. Intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis administered to GBS-colonized women has reduced the burden of disease associated with early onset GBS invasive infections. Active surveillance has identified Gram-negative pathogens as an emerging etiology of early-onset invasive infections. Late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) attributable to Gram-positive organisms, including coagulase negative Staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among premature infants. Invasive candidiasis is an emerging cause of late-onset sepsis, especially among infants who receive broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. Prophylactic fluconazole administration to very low birthweight (VLBW) neonates during the first 6 weeks of life reduces invasive candidiasis in neonatal intensive care units with high rates of fungal infection. Prevention of healthcare associated infections through antimicrobial stewardship, limited steroid use, early enteral feeding, limited use of invasive devices and standardization of catheter care practices, and meticulous hand hygiene are important and cost-effective strategies for reducing the burden of late-onset neonatal sepsis.
Neurologic manifestations of childhood hysteria.

During a four and one-half-year period, 32 children (23 girls, 9 boys) referred for neurologic evaluationwere diagnosed as having conversion hysteria. These patients were reviewed to develop a composite picture of the neurologic symptoms of childhood hysteria. Presenting complaints included seizures, paralysis, syncope, vertigo, pain, paresthesias, blindness, diplopia, blurred vision, tics, and intellectual deterioration. Twenty-four patients required hospitalization due to the acuteness of their presenting symptoms: the average hospital stay was six days. Twenty percent of the hospitalized patients remitted spontaneously, but 50% required extensive psychiatric evaluation and therapy before improvement. Difficulty of diagnosis was most apparent in the pseudoseizure population, all of whom could readily mimic seizure activity and most of whom were receiving anticonvulsants. An important differential feature in the pseudoseizure group was the usual normalcy of the electroencephalogram. In none of the patients was hysteria considered by the referring physician.
Dietary correlates of temporomandibular joint morphology in New World primates

Previous analyses of the masticatory apparatus have demonstrated that the shape of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is functionally and adaptively linked to variation in feeding behavior and diet in primates. Building on previous research, this study presents an analysis of the link between diet and TMJ morphology in the context of functional and dietary differences among New World primates. To evaluate this proposed relationship, I used three-dimensional morphometric methods to quantify TMJ shape across a sample of 13 platyrrhine species. A broad interspecific analysis of this sample found strong relationships among TMJ size, TMJ shape, and diet, suggesting that both size and diet are significant factors influencing TMJ morphology in New World primates. However, it is likely that at least some of these differences are related to a division of dietary categories along clade lines. A series of hypotheses related to load resistance capabilities and range of motion in the TMJ were then tested among small groups of closely related taxa with documented dietary differences. These pairwise analyses indicate that some aspects of TMJ morphology can be used to differentiate among closely related species with different diets. However, not all of my predictions were upheld. The anteroposterior dimensions of the TMJ were most strongly consistent with hypothesized differences in ingestive/masticatory behaviors and jaw gape, whereas the predictions generated for variation in entoglenoid and articular tubercle height were not upheld. These results imply that while some features can be reliably associated with increased load resistance and facilitation of wider jaw gapes in the masticatory apparatus, other features are less strongly correlated with masticatory function.
Inhibition of phosphodiesterases leads to prevention of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and reperfusion injury in cardiac H9c2 cells.

Purpose We tested if inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) with IBMX (1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine) can modulate the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening by inactivating glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β).
The Dynamics of Chromosome Organization and Gene Regulation

▪ Abstract With the sequence of the human genome now complete, studies must focus on how the genome is functionally organized within the confines of the cell nucleus and the dynamic interplay between the genome and its regulatory factors to effectively control gene expression and silencing. In this review I describe our current state of knowledge with regard to the organization of chromosomes within the nucleus and the positioning of active versus inactive genes. In addition, I discuss studies on the dynamics of chromosomes and specific genetic loci within living cells and its relationship to gene activity and the cell cycle. Furthermore, our current understanding of the distribution and dynamics of RNA polymerase II transcription factors is discussed in relation to chromosomal loci and other nuclear domains.
Near sufficiency of random coding for two descriptions

We give a single-letter outer bound for the two-descriptions problem for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sources that is universally close to the El Gamal and Cover (EGC) inner bound. The gaps for the sum and individual rates using a quadratic distortion measure are upper-bounded by 1.5 and 0.5 bits/sample, respectively, and are universal with respect to the source being encoded and the desired distortion levels. Variants of our basic ideas are presented, including upper and lower bounds on the second channel's rate when the first channel's rate is arbitrarily close to the rate-distortion function; these bounds differ, in the limit as the code block length goes to infinity, by not more than 2 bits/sample. An interesting aspect of our methodology is the manner in which the matching single-letter outer bound is obtained, as we eschew common techniques for constructing single-letter bounds in favor of new ideas in the field of rate loss bounds. We expect these techniques to be generally applicable to other settings of interest.
Transcriptional and DNA Binding Activity of the Foxp1/2/4 Family Is Modulated by Heterotypic and Homotypic Protein Interactions

Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp4 are large multidomain transcriptional regulators belonging to the family of winged-helix DNA binding proteins known as the Fox family. Foxp1 and Foxp2 have been shown to act as transcriptional repressors, while regulatory activity of the recently identified Foxp4 has not been determined. Given the importance of this Fox gene subfamily in neural and lung development, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp4 repress gene transcription. We show that like Foxp1 and Foxp2, Foxp4 represses transcription. Analysis of the N-terminal repression domain in Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp4 shows that this region contains two separate and distinct repression subdomains that are highly homologous termed subdomain 1 and subdomain 2. However, subdomain 2 is not functional in Foxp4. Screening for proteins that interact with subdomains 1 and 2 of Foxp2 using yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that subdomain 2 binds to C-terminal binding protein 1, which can synergistically repress transcription with Foxp1 and Foxp2, but not Foxp4. Subdomain 1 contains a highly conserved leucine zipper similar to that found in N-myc and confers homo- and heterodimerization to the Foxp1/2/4 family members. These interactions are dependent on the conserved leucine zipper motif. Finally, we show that the integrity of this subdomain is essential for DNA binding, making Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp4 the first Fox proteins that require dimerization for DNA binding. These data reveal a complex regulatory mechanism underlying Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp4 activity, demonstrating that Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp4 are the first Fox proteins reported whose activity is regulated by homo- and heterodimerization.
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Epidemiology and Prevention

Over the past 10 years, dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) has led to an increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the United States. Infections caused by CRE have limited treatment options and have been associated with high mortality rates. In the previous year, other carbapenemase subtypes, including New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, have been identified among Enterobacteriaceae in the United States. Like KPC, these enzymes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements and have the potential to spread widely. As a result, preventing both CRE transmission and CRE infections have become important public health objectives. This review describes the current epidemiology of CRE in the United States and highlights important prevention strategies.
Naming in XML Documents

XML is now an established standard for data communication and representation. There has been considerable work on XML querying, modeling, and type definition. However, one of the most important aspects of XML, standardized tag naming for conveying semantics, has been almost ignored by the research community. This paper argues that the naming aspects of XML are important to consider and presents a naming methodology for XML tags that captures increased context information. Using semantic tag names opens up the possibility of semantic querying of XML documents, which simplifies query formulation by reducing the reliance on path expressions. A semantic query facility allows XML documents with similar semantics, but organized using different DTDs, to be queried without modifying the original query formulation. Finally, we demonstrate an algorithm for converting semantic queries to structural queries by disambiguating incomplete path expressions.
An examination of simulated geomagnetic reversals from a palaeomagnetic perspective

Four magnetic polarity reversals that occurred during two numerical simulations of the Glatzmaier–Roberts geodynamo display a range of behaviour that resembles records of real reversals of the Earth‘s magnetic field in some ways, and suggests additional insights in others. Two reversals happened during the homogeneous simulation, which prescribes spatially uniform heat flux at the core–mantle boundary (CMB); and two occurred during the tomographic simulation, which specifies variable CMB heat flux patterned after a low–order seismic velocity model from tomographic investigation of the lower mantle. All but one were accomplished within 2000–7000 (model) years, whereas the second tomographic reversal took 22 000 years. The two homogeneous transitions display low intensities typical of real reversals, with longer–term variation resembling what has been called ‘sawtooth’ behaviour. During the first tomographic reversal extremely high non–dipole fields occur in some regions, the result of strong patches of vertical flux that appear in less than 100 years and grow rapidly for several hundred more. The intensity during the second tomographic reversal is unusually low for a long time, and large–amplitude oscillations in direction are common. The fields in the middle of the polarity transitions are dominantly non–dipolar for all but the first tomographic reversal. One consists of spherical harmonics that are mainly antisymmetric about the equator, two by symmetric harmonics, and one by a mixture of symmetric and antisymmetric harmonics. Despite this wide variety of characteristics, all reversals occur when the non–dipole energy trend is upward. Finally, after running 300 kyr and reversing twice, the density of transitional virtual geomagnetic poles in the tomographic simulations exhibits a crude statistical correlation with areas of higher–than–average CMB heat flux, offering some support for hypotheses of preferred bands and patches.
A symmetrized Theil index measure of health disparities: An example using dental caries in U.S. children and adolescents

While the health status of Americans has generally improved over time, health disparities among groups of the population have been pervasive. Designing a measure that tracks the resulting disparities remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a new measure of health disparities the Symmetrized Theil Index (STI), and derive its design-based sampling variance in grouped survey data. Because STI is symmetric, it circumvents the drawback of the Theil Index in how groups are weighted: indeed, the latter is mostly influenced by groups with high disease frequencies. Moreover, STI is related to Pearson's chi-square test of independence for binary data, and to the F-test in one-way analysis-of-variance for continuous data. We illustrate our approach using data on dental caries for children and adolescents from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III; 1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2004. Tooth decay remains the most common chronic disease in U.S. children and adolescents. Although their oral health has generally improved, we find no change in the prevalence or severity of untreated tooth decay in U.S. children and adolescents between surveys. These findings are consistently observed for both the overall STI and its between-group component across gender, race/ethnicity, country of birth, survey respondent's education, income and poverty-income ratio.
Erbium Fiber Laser Accelerometer

A new form of fiber accelerometer based on an erbium fiber laser sensor is presented. The transducer is a unique shape derived by an automated finite element analysis design optimization program and is constructed using stereolithography
Modeling of bubble column slurry reactors for multiple reactions

A model of an isothermal bubble column slurry reactor for an arbitrary reaction network of R independent reactions and S reacting species has been developed. The model accounts for gas velocity variations due to a change in total number of moles during reaction, and for nonuniform catalyst distribution due to gravity settling. It is assumed that the gas phase is in plug flow and the batch liquid phase is unmixed, which is characteristic of pilot plant reactors with high aspect ratios. The minimum number of differential equations required for the complete description of the system is shown to be equal to the total number of independent reactions. A system of two series-parallel reactions, representative of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, was used to study the effect of catalyst dispersion and model parameters on reactor performance. It was found that nonuniform catalyst distribution generally has a negative effect on conversion.
Soot precursor carbonization: Visualization using LIF and LII and comparison using bright and dark field TEM

Comparison between laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-induced incandescence (LII) images and axial intensity profiles derived from these images of a laminar ethylene—air diffusion flame distinguish the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and soot-containing regions along the axial flow streamline. Examination of the temporal evolution of the combined fluorescence plus incandescence signal along the axial streamline reveals the transformation of soot precursor material into solid carbonaceous soot. Bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of thermophoretically sampled material shows soot precursor material and more generally nascent soot particles and their evolution towards solid carbonaceous soot. Corresponding dark field TEM images track the increasing crystallinity of the soot precursor material as carbonization proceeds with increasing integrated temperature-time history within the flame. Both bright and dark field TEM confirm interpretation of the optical signals as reflecting the overall material transformation from soot precursor material toward solid carbonaceous soot.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Corrects Dyssynchrony-induced Regional Gene Expression Changes on a Genomic Level

Background— Cardiac electromechanical dyssynchrony causes regional disparities in workload, oxygen consumption, and myocardial perfusion within the left ventricle. We hypothesized that such dyssync...
Early Islamic Jurisprudence in Egypt: Two Scholars and Their Mukhta ars

Recent scholarship on the manuscript libraries of North Africa has substantially increased the amount of literature available for analysis of the formative period in Islamic law, particularly for the nascent Malikite school. Students of Islamic law are now in a position, for instance, to begin a re-assessment of the 9th century, the vital transition period between the ancient schools of the 7th and 8th centuries, and the establishment of the classical schools in the 10th and 11th centuries.1 Not only will these new texts make the process of establishment of the classical schools clearer, they will also provide a much stronger basis for the study of earlier centuries, throwing into question the canonical status that has been granted to early legal texts by Western and traditional Muslim scholars alike.
Golgi studies of the substantia gelationsa neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus

This Golgi study identifies three neuronal cell types in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) layer of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The SG neurons are distinguished from each other based on: (1) dendritic branching pattern, (2) dendritic spine distribution, (3) geometric shape of the dendritic tree, (4) laminar distribution of the dendrites, (5) axonal branching pattern and (6) laminar distribution of the axonal arbor. The islet cell is found in small clusters and its dendrites and axonal arbor are confined within the SG layer. Its dendrites span the full width of the SG layer and extend up to 500 μm in the layer. Dendritic spines are generally sparse with small clustrs of spines found on the higher order dendritic branches. The islet cell axon extends for at least 1 mm in the long axis of the layer. Each of its collaterals divide every 50–100 μm with one branch doubling back in the direction of the cell body and the other branch continuing on in the direction of its parent. In this manner each islet cell generates a profuse axonal plexus in the SG layer. The stalked cell is found individually within the SG layer. Its cell body is usually found in the inner half of the SG layer and its sinuous dendrites cross the SG layer and enter the marginal layer. The stalked cell dendrites emit numerous fine stalk-like branches and dendritic spines. Its axon emits branches in the SG and marginal layers. The spiny cell is found singly between groups of islet cells. Its extensive dendritic tree spans up to 500 μ rostrocaudally and mediolaterally crossing into both the marginal and magnocellular layers. Spiny cells have evenly distributed dendritic spines along their dendrites in the SG layer. The spiny cell axon sends branches into all three layers of nucleus caudalis. Numerous branches enter the outer 300 μm of the magnocellular layer where they undergo further branching with some branches returing in recurrent fashion toward the SG layer. The three neuronal cell types of the SG layer satisfy all of the morphological criteria for Golgi type II interneurons. Their dendrites are confined within small foci in nucleus caudalis. Their highly branched axone generate many collaterals within the confines of their dendritic trees and do not project out of nucleus caudalis. The SG neurons are considered to be inhibitory interneurons interposed between V nerve primary afferent axons which arborize in the SG layer and second order projection neurons of nucleus caudalis.
Purification and physical‐chemical characterization of hepatic stimulator substance

Hepatic stimulator substance is a liver growth stimulator derived from the hepatocyte cytosol of weanling or regenerating adult rat livers. The present paper reports the almost 9,000-fold purification of hepatic stimulator substance with an approximately 100,000-fold increase in specific growth stimulator activity. Purification steps included heating at 95 degrees C for 15 min, 40% cold ethanol precipitation, passage over Procion Red HE3B, DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G75 columns and gel filtration and reverse-phase fast protein liquid chromatography techniques. As little as 27 ng per ml of the purest material produced a 2-fold stimulation in the standard HTC cell activity assay. Further studies indicate that hepatic stimulator substance is a highly negatively charged protein and that disulfide bonds or a complex tertiary structure are not essential to its activity. Hepatic stimulator substance is stable over a wide range of pH's and temperatures. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with silver stain revealed 1 major band at 12,400 daltons and 1 minor band at 17,500 daltons.
Biot–Gassmann theory for velocities of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments

Elevated elastic velocities are a distinct physical property of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments. A number of velocity models and equations (e.g., pore‐filling model, cementation model, effective medium theories, weighted equations, and time‐average equations) have been used to describe this effect. In particular, the weighted equation and effective medium theory predict reasonably well the elastic properties of unconsolidated gas hydrate‐bearing sediments. A weakness of the weighted equation is its use of the empirical relationship of the time‐average equation as one element of the equation. One drawback of the effective medium theory is its prediction of unreasonably higher shear‐wave velocity at high porosities, so that the predicted velocity ratio does not agree well with the observed velocity ratio. To overcome these weaknesses, a method is proposed, based on Biot–Gassmann theories and assuming the formation velocity ratio (shear to compressional velocity) of an unconsolidated sediment is related to the...
Defect Density-of-states in a-Si:H TFTs

The novel version of the field effect conductivity method for the direct density-of-states (DOS) determination has been developed. The combination of both, a new analytical solution, in the form of integral equation which relates the surface potential to the gate voltage, and new data-analysis algorithms allows one to solve the problem by using the results of measurements of TFT quasi-static transfer characteristics. This sensitive, and easy to use, method provides the detailed information on the defect density in the gap of hydrogenated Si. The ability of this technique to extract parameters of the TFT, including the flat band voltage, from the dependence of the surface potential on the gate voltage, and to resolve fine-scale features in the midgap DOS of a-Si:H has been demonstrated. We have shown that the dependence of the DOS on the energy in the range 0- 0.15 eV from the conduction band is close to the exponent, while deeper in the gap, the DOS can be described as a series of localized defect bands with amplitude values in the range 1016 cm−3 eV−1-2×l018 cm−3 eV−1. The integrated charge density and the surface potential as functions of gate voltage have been investigated. The difference between the surface potential and activation energy from temperature dependence of drain current has been discussed. The short-time current relaxation and metastable defect transformations have been studied and analyzed.
Blind UWB timing with a dirty template

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio is gaining increasing attention thanks to its attractive features that include low-power low-complexity baseband operation and ample multipath diversity. Realization of its potential, however, faces the challenge of low-complexity high-performance timing acquisition. In this paper, we develop a blind timing acquisition algorithm for frame-level synchronization. Relying on simple integrate-and-dump operations over one symbol duration, our algorithm exploits the rich multipath diversity enabled by UWB transmissions. It outperforms existing blind algorithms and has comparable performance to data-aided ones. Equally attractive is its applicability to UWB links with or without time hopping (TH), over frequency-flat or multipath channels. It is also worth stressing that our "dirty" template based scheme is able to achieve timing synchronization at any desirable resolution and is readily applicable to non-UWB systems, so long as intersymbol interference is absent.
A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and atypical clinical and electrodiagnostic features: a case report.

Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no effective treatment. The diagnosis is dependent on the clinical presentation and consistent electrodiagnostic studies. Typically, there is a combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs as well as electrodiagnostic studies indicative of diffuse motor axonal injury. The presentation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, however, may be variable. At the same time, the diagnosis is essential for patient prognosis and management. It is therefore important to appreciate the range of possible presentations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Scavenger Receptor BI (SR-BI) Is Up-regulated in Adrenal Gland in Apolipoprotein A-I and Hepatic Lipase Knock-out Mice as a Response to Depletion of Cholesterol Stores IN VIVO EVIDENCE THAT SR-BI IS A FUNCTIONAL HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR UNDER FEEDBACK CONTROL

Abstract Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), a putative high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, mediates the selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl ester into cells and is highly expressed in adrenal gland (Acton, S., Rigotti, A., Landschulz, K. T., Xu, S., Hobbs, H. H., and Krieger, M. (1996) Science 271, 518-520). Apolipoprotein A-I knock-out (apoA-I0) mice have decreased HDL cholesterol, depleted adrenal cholesterol stores and impaired corticosteroid synthesis (Plump, A. S., Erickson, S. K., Weng, W., Partin, J. S., Breslow, J. L., and Williams, D. L. (1996) J. Clin. Invest. 97, 2660-2671). We now show up-regulation of adrenal SR-BI mRNA and protein in apoA-I0 mice, but not in apoA-II0, LDL receptor 0, apoE0, or cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgenic mice. Adrenal SR-BI mRNA and protein are also increased and cholesterol stores decreased in female mice with knock-out of hepatic lipase, an enzyme previously shown to increase selective uptake in cell culture. SR-BI mRNA is increased in stressed wild type mice and in Y1 adrenal cells treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone; the latter effect is inhibited by HDL. These findings provide in vivo evidence showing SR-BI is a functional HDL receptor under feedback control. The action of hepatic lipase on apoA-I-containing lipoproteins may facilitate the SR-BI-mediated uptake of HDL lipid.
Effect on gait of motor task learning acquired in a sitting position.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the importance of learning a motor task in a sitting position and its influence on gait. Thirty-one healthy subjects, divided into three groups, were asked to learn a synchronous heel-up–heel-down rhythm task in a sitting position and to reproduce the rhythm during their gait cycle on three separate occasions over a three-day period. This study provided evidence that training of a subject in a sitting position produced a nonspecific influence during ambulation. The inability to obtain an exact transfer of learning from a sitting position to gait and its implication to the specificity principle of learning are discussed. Some subjects had difficulty maintaining their performance over the three-day period. This finding was attributed in part to the influence of proactive and retroactive inhibition. Mat activities, therefore, seem to have a very limited impact on modifying gait. The clinical implications of these findings are presented.
Detection of catfish off-flavour compounds by trained dogs

Six mixed-breed dogs were trained to detect 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in laboratory-prepared water. The three dogs most responsive to training were selected for further testing to measure their ability to detect these compounds at levels typical of the early stages of an ‘off-flavour’ event in catfish pond culture. The dogs were given one out of five choices of off-flavour and ‘on-flavour’ water samples and were trained to sit at boxes containing off-flavour sample tubes. At the lowest concentration tested, 10 ng L−1 of the target compound, the mean correct responses for the three dogs were 37%, 43% and 67%. Additional testing was conducted using off-flavour pond water samples containing known amounts of these two compounds that occurred naturally. Correct responses for off-flavour samples varied from 30% to 95%, depending on the sample and the dog. On-flavour samples were correctly identified with 96% accuracy for all dogs and all samples. Dogs may provide practical early detection of off-flavour problems in catfish ponds.
Personalized kinematics for human-robot collaborative manipulation

We present a framework for parameter and state estimation of personalized human kinematic models from motion capture data. These models can be used to optimize a variety of human-robot collaboration scenarios for the comfort or ergonomics of an individual human collaborator. Our approach offers two main advantages over prior approaches from the literature and commercial software: the kinematic models are estimated for a specific individual without a priori assumptions on limb dimensions or range of motion, and our kinematic formalism explicitly encodes the natural kinematic constraints of the human body. The personalized models are tested in a human-robot collaborative manipulation experiment. We find that human subjects with a restricted range of motion rotate their torso significantly less during bimanual object handoffs if the robot uses a personalized kinematic model to plan the handoff configuration, as compared to previous approaches using generic human kinematic models.
Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii

A new species of deep-sea jellyfish, Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), is described from the North Pacific Ocean off California and Hawaii. Discrete depth sampling showed this species lives at depths below 1000 meters in both geographic locations. The species is more abundant off California than off Hawaii. The greatest population densities were found at ~2500 m off California and at ~1250 m off Hawaii. The burnt-tangerine color of the inner bell and bright pink to lavender color of the ring and radial canals, manubrium and gonads make living specimens of this species difficult to confuse with any other known species of hydromedusa. Sexually dimorphic differences in gonad morphology are evident. The pendant testes contained spermatids at various stages of spermatogenesis as observed using scanning electron microscopy. Ova develop directly into small medusae that reside subumbrellarly between the radial canals of the mother. Various developmental stages of C. millsae are shown in photographs and terminology of brooding and viviparity is discussed relative to other Cnidaria.
Environment-aware power generation scheduling in smart grids

Air pollutants generated by thermal power plants have been a major source of environmental and health hazard. This paper develops an optimal mechanism for generation scheduling of a hybrid power system consisting of conventional and renewable power plants while maintaining the air-pollutant concentration below a targeted level. To capture the physical movement of the air pollutants, the proposed framework applies a two-dimensional advection-diffusion model and discretizes it into a discrete-time state-space model. Due to the limited sensing, we design a Kalman filter for data assimilation. Based on the proposed mechanism, the integration of the Independent System Operator (ISO) with the sensors and power plants constitutes a feedback system for the efficient operation of the smart energy systems. To accelerate the computations, we decompose the original problem into small sub-problems and design a decentralized algorithm to provide solutions to the environmentally constrained power dispatch problem. We use case studies to evaluate the influence of the pollution constraints on the solutions and the impact of the wind speed on the pollution constraints.
Adenosine Phosphate of Rat Salivary and Lacrimal Glands in vitro.

SummaryRat lacrimal and salivary gland pieces up to 2 mm in thickness are able to maintain functional concentrations of ATP in vitro. Reduction of ATP levels produced by chemical metabolic inhibitors agrees closely with effects of the same inhibitors on Ca15 transfer activation by acetylcholine.
Electrostatic Steering Accelerates C3d:CR2 Association.

Electrostatic effects are ubiquitous in protein interactions and are found to be pervasive in the complement system as well. The interaction between complement fragment C3d and complement receptor 2 (CR2) has evolved to become a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Electrostatic interactions have been suggested to be the driving factor for the association of the C3d:CR2 complex. In this study, we investigate the effects of ionic strength and mutagenesis on the association of C3d:CR2 through Brownian dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that the formation of the C3d:CR2 complex is ionic strength-dependent, suggesting the presence of long-range electrostatic steering that accelerates the complex formation. Electrostatic steering occurs through the interaction of an acidic surface patch in C3d and the positively charged CR2 and is supported by the effects of mutations within the acidic patch of C3d that slow or diminish association. Our data are in agreement with previous experimental mutagenesis and b...
IgE Myeloma: Total Body Tumor Cell Number and Synthesis of IgE and DNA

Studies of myeloma cell DNA and immunoglobulin synthesis and total body tumor cell number were performed on a patient with IgE multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia; results were contrasted to similar observations in patients with IgG myeloma. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated significantly greater DNA labeling in the IgE patient’s bone marrow plasma cells than in cells from IgG myeloma patients who did not have leukemic manifestations; an additional patient with plasma cell leukemia also had a high labeling index of the myeloma cells in the blood. The IgE myeloma patient’s molecular synthesis rate for immunoglobulin averaged 26,000 molecules of IgE per minute per myeloma cell, a synthetic rate similar to that found in IgG myeloma. These observations have relevance to the normal immune response, as they can be used to approximate the number of normal IgE- and IgG-producing cells in the body. In the patient with IgE myeloma, the total body myeloma cell number was 2.7 x 1012 cells at the time of study and was of the same order of magnitude as in IgG myeloma; however, the distribution of tumor cells was strikingly different. Serial estimates of tumor cell number were made; such estimates may prove useful in evaluation and treatment of patients with multiple myeloma.
Analysis on Data of HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing in Guilin City in 2007

Objective To know population,characteristics,counseling cause,type of the consultants and the infection rate of HIV of the volunteers who accepted HIV counseling and testing at VCT clinic in Guilin CDC in 2007. Method HIV counseling and serology testing were given to 631 people who accepted VCT. Results Among consultants, male∶ female was 3∶4, and the main population consisted of young and middle aged adults(80.51%).The main counseling cause was"sexual practice"(60.6%), and the main type of the consultants was"sexual practice between male and female"(58.48%). The infection rate of HIV was 5.55%. Conclusion VCT is the important approach to detect HIV positive and AIDS patients. Unsafe sexual practice is the important approach to be infected with HIV. So it is necessary to give them more propaganda and intervention,and urge them to adapt safe sexual practice.
The treatment of tricuspid insufficiency after the Mustard procedure with a Carpentier annuloplasty ring.

The first successful repair of tricuspid insufficiency after the Mustard procedure with a Carpentier annuloplasty ring is reported.
Effects of GRAS substances on pharmacologic effects of drugs

First, let me explain what GRAS means. GRAS is an acronym for “generally recognized as safe.” It refers to a large number of chemical compounds that the FDA considers to be safe when added to foods. The legal basis for GRAS status is rather complicated and goes back over many years to early federal regulations dealing with food additives. In 1958 the FDA solicited opinions from the scientific community about the usefulness and safety of all the substances then added to foods, and in 1959 and 1960 had lists published in the Federal Register of those that were considered GRAS and had not received adverse comments.! No further testing of the safety of these initial GRAS compounds was required, but any new additions to the list were expected to be adequately evaluated for usefulness and safety. Over the years, GRAS status was granted to other compounds by the FDA officials by letters of approval, and the present number of GRAS substances is probably in excess of 700 compounds. There are also approximately 1,200 natural and synthetic flavoring agents added to foods which are generally recognized as safe by scientific experts but listed separately in the Code of Federal Regulations.2
Opposing Roles of Double-Stranded RNA Effector Pathways and Viral Defense Proteins Revealed with CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Cell Lines and Vaccinia Virus Mutants

ABSTRACT Vaccinia virus (VACV) decapping enzymes and cellular exoribonuclease Xrn1 catalyze successive steps in mRNA degradation and prevent double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulation, whereas the viral E3 protein can bind dsRNA. We showed that dsRNA and E3 colocalized within cytoplasmic viral factories in cells infected with a decapping enzyme mutant as well as with wild-type VACV and that they coprecipitated with antibody. An E3 deletion mutant induced protein kinase R (PKR) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor alpha (eIF2α) phosphorylation earlier and more strongly than a decapping enzyme mutant even though less dsRNA was made, leading to more profound effects on viral gene expression. Human HAP1 and A549 cells were genetically modified by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) to determine whether the same pathways restrict E3 and decapping mutants. The E3 mutant replicated in PKR knockout (KO) HAP1 cells in which RNase L is intrinsically inactive but only with a double knockout (DKO) of PKR and RNase L in A549 cells, indicating that both pathways decreased replication equivalently and that no additional dsRNA pathway was crucial. In contrast, replication of the decapping enzyme mutant increased significantly (though less than that of wild-type virus) in DKO A549 cells but not in DKO HAP1 cells where a smaller increase in viral protein synthesis occurred. Xrn1 KO A549 cells were viable but nonpermissive for VACV; however, wild-type and mutant viruses replicated in triple-KO cells in which RNase L and PKR were also inactivated. Since KO of PKR and RNase L was sufficient to enable VACV replication in the absence of E3 or Xrn1, the poor replication of the decapping mutant, particularly in HAP1 DKO, cells indicated additional translational defects. IMPORTANCE Viruses have evolved ways of preventing or counteracting the cascade of antiviral responses that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers in host cells. We showed that the dsRNA produced in excess in cells infected with a vaccinia virus (VACV) decapping enzyme mutant and by wild-type virus colocalized with the viral E3 protein in cytoplasmic viral factories. Novel human cell lines defective in either or both protein kinase R and RNase L dsRNA effector pathways and/or the cellular 5′ exonuclease Xrn1 were prepared by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Inactivation of both pathways was necessary and sufficient to allow full replication of the E3 mutant and reverse the defect cause by inactivation of Xrn1, whereas the decapping enzyme mutant still exhibited defects in gene expression. The study provided new insights into functions of the VACV proteins, and the well-characterized panel of CRISPR-Cas9-modified human cell lines should have broad applicability for studying innate dsRNA pathways.
Implementing a Successful Risk-Based, Data-Driven Scour Program

The adoption of risk-based and data-driven (risk–data) approaches is leading to a successful FHWA Scour Program for highway bridges. FHWA, which has oversight for 463,000 bridges spanning waterways, estimates that 60% of bridge failures have hydraulic-related components. Prominent scour failures led to the FHWA Scour Program’s use of legal authority under the National Bridge Inspection Standards. The fundamentals of the FHWA Scour Program include scour evaluations and development of action plans. Quandaries for bridge owners include prioritization and the appropriate level of effort for these fundamentals. In 2011, FHWA implemented a risk–data approach for oversight of the National Bridge Inspection Program. Specific to scour, bridge owners compare the consequence of failure (risk) against facility operational characteristics (data). The risk–data approach prioritizes and applies resources toward bridges posing the greatest threat to public safety or disruption of vital services. The keys to the program’s...
Handover and transport of critically ill children: An integrative review

Abstract Background The handover and transport of critically ill pediatric patients requires communication amongst multiple disciplines. Poor communication is a leading cause of sentinel events and human factors affect handover and transport. Objectives To synthesize published data on pediatric handover and transport and identify gaps to provide direction for future investigation. Methods Integrative literature review. Results Forty research studies were reviewed and revealed the following themes: risk for patient complications, standardized communication, and specialized teams and teamwork were associated with improved outcomes. No articles were identified regarding transportation of critically ill pediatric patients from the emergency room to the intensive care unit. There was a knowledge gap in best practices in handover and transport within the unique subsets of the pediatric population including neonate, toddler, school-aged, and adolescents. Conclusions Research supported a combined approach of specialized teams using standardized communication in the handover and transport of the pediatric patient to improve outcomes. Further study is warranted on interprofessional (team to team) handover practices, select subsets of the pediatric population, and the handover and transport of critically ill patients from the emergency room to the intensive care unit.
Negative mood influences default mode network functional connectivity in patients with chronic low back pain: implications for functional neuroimaging biomarkers.

The default mode network (DMN) has been proposed as a biomarker for several chronic pain conditions. Default mode network functional connectivity (FC) is typically examined during resting-state functional neuroimaging, in which participants are instructed to let thoughts wander. However, factors at the time of data collection (eg, negative mood) that might systematically impact pain perception and its brain activity, influencing the application of the DMN as a pain biomarker, are rarely reported. This study measured whether positive and negative moods altered DMN FC patterns in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), specifically focusing on negative mood because of its clinical relevance. Thirty-three participants (CLBP = 17) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning before and after sad and happy mood inductions, and rated levels of mood and pain intensity at the time of scanning. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variances were conducted on resting-state functional connectivity data. Significant group (CLBP > healthy controls) × condition (sadness > baseline) interaction effects were identified in clusters spanning parietal operculum/postcentral gyrus, insular cortices, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal pole, and a portion of the cerebellum (PFDR baseline (PFDR < 0.05). Overall, these findings suggest that DMN FC is affected by negative mood in individuals with and without CLBP. It is possible that DMN FC seen in patients with chronic pain is related to an affective dimension of pain, which is important to consider in future neuroimaging biomarker development and implementation.
Association between OCT-based microangiography perfusion indices and diabetic retinopathy severity

Aim To evaluate the association between retinal capillary non-perfusion and diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity using optical coherence tomography-based microangiography (OMAG). Methods 33 patients (51 eyes) with a history of diabetes underwent imaging with a 68 kHz Cirrus-5000 spectral domain OMAG prototype. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. The perfusion index (PI) was defined as per cent coverage of area by retinal vessels with flow, measured within a minimum of 6.8×6.8 mm 2 OMAG scan. The PI in each ETDRS zone was analysed using an automated algorithm. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the degree of association between PI and DR severity. Results 51 eyes with different DR severities were imaged. More severe DR was significantly associated with lower PI after adjusting for logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes type and ETDRS ring in a multivariate mixed linear model. Compared with the none–mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group, the moderate–severe NPDR group had 2.7 lower PI (p=0.03) and proliferative DR group had 4.3 lower PI (p=0.003). All ETDRS zones except for the foveal centre showed inverse associations between PI and DR severity (p values Conclusions A statistically significant inverse association exists between PI and DR severity. Our study suggests that PI may become a useful biomarker in evaluating and following the progression of DR.