cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contextual fear-potentiated startle conditioning in humans: replication and extension.

Contextual fear conditioning was examined using the startle reflex in two groups of participants over two sessions separated by 1/2 h. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired (paired group) or not (unpaired group) with an unpleasant shock during conditioning. The paired group showed conditioning to the CS that was well retained over the retention interval. Session 1 intertrial interval startles—a measure of contextual conditioning—were greater in the unpaired compared to the paired group. Context conditioning was retained in Session 2 and was present before the shock electrodes were attached. Self-rating of state anxiety, arousal, and pleasure indicated differential changes in mood from Session 1 to Session 2 in the two groups, with the unpaired group showing relatively greater negative affects compared to the paired group. These results indicate that unpredictable shocks lead to greater context conditioning as measured by startle and self-reports.
Insights into gene expression and packaging from computer simulations

Within the nucleus of each cell lies DNA—an unfathomably long, twisted, and intricately coiled molecule—segments of which make up the genes that provide the instructions that a cell needs to operate. As we near the 60th anniversary of the discovery of the DNA double helix, crucial questions remain about how the physical arrangement of the DNA in cells affects how genes work. For example, how a cell stores the genetic information inside the nucleus is complicated by the necessity of maintaining accessibility to DNA for genetic processing. In order to gain insight into the roles played by various proteins in reading and compacting the genome, we have developed new methodologies to simulate the dynamic, three-dimensional structures of long, fluctuating, protein-decorated strands of DNA. Our a priori approach to the problem allows us to determine the effects of individual proteins and their chemical modifications on overall DNA structure and function. Here, we present our recent treatment of the communication between regulatory proteins attached to precisely constructed stretches of chromatin. Our simulations account for the enhancement in communication detected experimentally on chromatin compared to protein-free DNA of the same chain length, as well as the critical roles played by the cationic ‘tails’ of the histone proteins in this signaling. The states of chromatin captured in the simulations offer new insights into the ways that the DNA, histones, and regulatory proteins contribute to long-range communication along the genome.
Regulation of the intracellular calcium concentration in MMQ pituitary cells by dopamine and protein kinase C

The MMQ pituitary cell line, which expresses a membranal dopamine receptor, was used to examine the individual contributions of dopamine and protein kinase C (PKC) to control of the intracellular calcium concentration. The calcium concentrations, monitored with the fluorescent dye Indo-1, increased in response to elevated K+, BAY K8644, and maitotoxin, implicating the presence of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Dopamine had no detectable independent effect, but significantly inhibited the rise in intracellular calcium mediated by activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels; this dopaminergic action was prevented by haloperidol. Acute pharmacological activation of PKC for 60 s inhibited the stimulatory effects of these calcium channel activators, and this acute inhibitory action was abolished by prior depletion of PKC. In contrast, however, PKC depletion did not alter the calcium response to BAY K8644 or maitotoxin. Thus, MMQ cells appear to have voltage-dependent calcium channels which, at rest, are either at low density or in a closed state. The rise in intracellular calcium resulting from stimulation of the channels is under inhibitory control by an apparent D-2 dopamine receptor. When pharmacologically activated, phorbol diester-sensitive PKC limits the rise in the cellular calcium level associated with calcium uptake. In the absence of pharmacological activation, however, this enzyme system does not appear to play a role in the cellular calcium response to BAY K8644 or maitotoxin.
Diseases of the gallbladder in infancy and childhood.

Abstract Thirty-four patients with gallbladder disease, 6 weeks to 17 years of age, were seen in 20 years. There were 20 girls and 14 boys. Fifteen had associated hemolytic disorders and no discernible etiologic factor could be presumed in 14. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. Jaundice was present in 23 patients. The diagnosis was made preoperatively in 21 patients, all with the aid of radiographic findings. Laboratory determinations were of limited value. Twenty-eight patients had choleliths while six, including one with associated choledochal cyst, had choledocholiths. Thirty patients were operated upon; 19 had cholecystectomy alone and five had common bile duct exploration. Operative cholangiography was helpful in avoiding unnecessary common bile duct exploration. Six patients had cholecystectomy for acalculous cholecystitis. Three patients with an associated choledochal cyst had chronic cholecystitis. None had acute pancreatitis.
Receipt of pertussis vaccine during pregnancy across 7 Vaccine Safety Datalink Sites

Abstract Objective In response to widespread pertussis outbreaks and infant deaths, in 2010, the California Department of Health (CDPH) and in 2011 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) advised that the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine be administered during pregnancy. The goals of this study were to describe Tdap coverage among pregnant women following these recommendations. Methods In this observational cohort study, we utilized electronic medical record and claims data from seven Vaccine Safety Datalink sites to identify pregnancies and Tdap administrations. All Tdap doses were classified as pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy or post-pregnancy/postpartum. For pregnancies ending in a live birth, we evaluated factors associated with Tdap vaccination. Results Among 289,141 live births at the California VSD sites, receipt of Tdap during pregnancy increased substantially in the years 2010, 2011, and 2012, when coverage was 15.9, 30.0 and 19.5%, respectively. Among 82,398 women with live births at the Oregon, Washington, Colorado, Wisconsin and Minnesota VSD sites, receipt of Tdap during pregnancy first increased in 2012, at 16.0%. Women receiving early prenatal care and other vaccine(s) during pregnancy had higher Tdap coverage. Conclusion We observed substantial increases in Tdap coverage during pregnancy following CDPH and ACIP recommendations.
Interactions Between Fisheries and Systematics

Abstract Systematists study and name the diverse forms of life and determine the evolutionary relationships among them. Increased interactions are needed between systematists and fishery scientists so systematists can obtain the material they need to study, and systematic problems of importance to fishery scientists can be resolved. The current shortage of systematists in some taxonomic groups, such as many invertebrate taxa, requires cooperative efforts by systematists and fishery scientists to train more specialists. Existing fishery sampling programs can aid in monitoring and understanding biological diversity at relatively little additional cost by expanding collecting efforts to include more taxa. The resulting voucher material serves to document the presence of a given species in time and space, and these specimens can be used for baselines of such things as heavy metals, pesticides, and parasite loads. Systematists need to translate their technical papers into practical guides and keys that can be ...
Diastolic filling abnormalities by color kinesis in newborns exposed to intrauterine cocaine

Because cocaine crosses the placenta, we prospectively evaluated global and segmental systolic and diastolic cardiac function by color kinesis in clinically asymptomatic newborns who were exposed to cocaine in utero (group 1, n = 82). Their data were compared with normal controls (group 3, n = 87) and newborns exposed to drugs other than cocaine (group 2, n = 108). During left ventricular filling, newborns exposed to cocaine, compared with groups 2 and 3, had significantly (P <.05) higher global fractional area change (%) (76 +/- 10.3 vs 72 +/- 9.4 and 72 +/- 9.1, respectively), regional fractional area changes (%) for the anterior, septal, inferior, and lateral wall, and in the index of asynchrony (at 50% filling 13.2 +/- 5.8 vs 11.3 +/- 4.1 and 11.6 +/- 4.2, respectively). There were no significant differences in systolic function among the 3 groups. Prenatal cocaine exposure in asymptomatic infants leads to higher global and segmental fractional area changes and asynchrony during diastole. The significance and course of these alterations require further investigation.
Polymorphism of methylchloromethane compounds: VIII. Low-temperature phases of t-butyl chloride

Abstract The experimentally determined crystal structure of ordered t -butyl chloride in its lowest temperature Phase III state has been found to agree with that predicted by the theoretical calculations of Chen and Bartell [J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 10 645]. An analysis of the volume changes (Δ V ) which occur during the phase transition, by resolving Δ V into components parallel and perpendicular to the threefold molecular axis, sheds light on the mechanism of the phase transition. However, the crystalline phase reported by Ohtani and Hasabe [Chem. Lett. (1986) 1283] to exist between 217.7 and 219.5 K has been shown to actually be a manifestation of heterophase pretransition activity as the orientationally-disordered Phase I begins to form while the bulk of the sample still exists in the partially-disordered Phase II. Synchrotron radiation low-temperature X-ray powder diffraction data obtained approximately at every 0.3 K between 215 and 220 K show that the intensity of the Phase I (111) reflection (2 θ ∼13.29°, λ =1.15032 A) increases as the intensity of the Phase II (110) reflection (2 θ ∼13.25°) decreases in the temperature region 2–3 K below the transition temperature. This is explained in terms of the transition being initiated simultaneously in several microregions of the sample in accordance with the description given by Ubbelohde [The Molten State of Matter, 1978]. A labeling scheme for uniquely identifying polymorphic phases is introduced so as to prevent the confusion (in the scientific literature and subsequent data bases) which was caused by the same label being assigned to two different crystalline phases. This proposed scheme includes the phase identifier, the temperature of formation, whether it is formed as the temperature is being raised or lowered, the pressure of formation, and the label of the immediately preceding phase.
PRAZOSIN DOES NOT ALTER CANINE RENIN RELEASE IN RESPONSE TO SYSTEMIC HYPOTENSION OR INTRARENAL ISOPRENALINE AND PROSTAGLANDIN I2 INFUSION

1. The effect of a hypotensive dose of intravenous prazosin (0.2 mg/kg) on heart rate and plasma renin activity was evaluated in anaesthetized mongrel dogs pretreated with indomethacin. 2. The effect of prazosin on the renin release elicited by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline and by prostaglandin I2 was also evaluated. 3. Prazosin administration was associated with a significant increase in heart rate and increase in plasma renin activity. 4. Prazosin did not interfere with the increase in plasma renin activity in response to either isoprenaline or prostaglandin I2. 5. We conclude that prazosin is not a unique peripheral vasodilator since hypotensive doses are associated with an increase in heart rate and plasma renin activity. In addition, prazosin does not inhibit the release of renin induced by either isoprenaline or prostaglandin I2.
Polarographic determination of some pesticides containing nitro group: Application to a study of adsorption on lignin

The polarographic method proved suitable for investigation of adsorption of acifluorfen (I) (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2′-nitrobenzoic acid) on lignin. Polarographic reduction of acifluorfen in aqueous buffers (pH 7 is attributed to a decrease in protonation rate of the reduction intermediate. Unsubstituted p-nitrophenyl phenyl ether (II) shows an analogous behavior. Reduction wave of the nitro group can be used for determination of aciflurofen (I), fluorodifen (III), oxyfluorfen (IV), and bifenox (V) in the 1 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−4 M range. Adsorption of acifluorfen depends on the nature of the lignin and pH.
The benefits and risks of ECT for patients with primary dementia who also suffer from depression.

Background. Major depression afflicts 20-25% of patients with dementia. Of these, about a third do not improve with antidepressant therapy and may be suitable candidates for electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). However, the use of ECT in dementia patients is concerning due to possible adverse effects on memory and cognition. Outcome studies of ECT in patients with primary dementia and depression are very rare. Objective. To determine the effectiveness and complications of ECT treatment for depression in dementia. Method. A chart review was conducted of all 31 patients with a discharge diagnosis of Dementia with depression' treated with ECT at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, over a five-year period. Admission and discharge ratings were made on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) as part of the clinical routine. Results. All patients suffered from dementia: 55% had vascular dementia, 13% Alzheimer's disease, and 32% degenerative dementia of uncertain etiology. The admission MADRS mean score was 27.5 (SD 8.1) and the MMSE mean score was 18.8 (SD 5.5). The patients received between 1 and 23 ECT treatments (mean 9, SD 5.7). At discharge, there was a statistically significant mean decline on the MADRS of 12.28 points (p <0.01). Forty percent had scores less than 10 (normal) on the MADRS. While 49% of patients developed delirium, by discharge there was also a significant mean increase (improvement) in MMSE of 1.62 points (p < 0.02). Conclusions. ECT is an effective treatment for depression in dementia, leading to improvements in both mood and cognition. Multiple ECT treatments may be necessary before a significant improvement in mood is achieved.
CHILD RESTRAINT LAWS: AN ANALYSIS OF GAPS IN COVERAGE

The limiting effects of exemptions to the coverage of child restraint laws were estimated by determining the extent to which the laws would have applied to child motor vehicle occupants, ages 0-5 years, killed before the laws were passed (1976-80). The 50 state laws would have exempted about 39 per cent of child motor vehicle occupants less than 6 years of age killed in the years immediately preceding enactment of the laws. Of those children killed in pre-law years who were within the age limits set by the subsequent state laws, about 21 per cent would not have been covered. The gaps in the laws are unnecessary, and proper amendments based on these data can save lives.
Making muscle-computer interfaces more practical

Recent work in muscle sensing has demonstrated the poten-tial of human-computer interfaces based on finger gestures sensed from electrodes on the upper forearm. While this approach holds much potential, previous work has given little attention to sensing finger gestures in the context of three important real-world requirements: sensing hardware suitable for mobile and off-desktop environments, elec-trodes that can be put on quickly without adhesives or gel, and gesture recognition techniques that require no new training or calibration after re-donning a muscle-sensing armband. In this note, we describe our approach to over-coming these challenges, and we demonstrate average clas-sification accuracies as high as 86% for pinching with one of three fingers in a two-session, eight-person experiment.
Evaluation of evaluation in information retrieval

Evaluation is a major force in research, development and applications related to information retrieval (IR). This paper is a critical and historical analysis of evaluations of IR systems and processes. Strengths and shortcomings of evaluation efforts and approaches are discussed. together with major challenges and questions. A limited comparison is made with evaluation in experts systems and Online Public Access Catalogs (OPACS). Evaluation is further analyzed in relation to the broad context and specific problems addressed. Levels of evaluation are identified and contrasted. most IR evaluations were concerned with the processing level, but others were conducted at the output, users and use, and social levels. A major problem is the isolation of evaluations at a given level. Issues related to systems under evaluation, and evaluation criteria, measures, measuring instruments, and methodologies are examined. A general point is also considered: IR is mcreasmgly imbedded into many other applications, such as the Internet or digital libraries. Little evaluation in the traditional IR sense is undertaken in relation to these applications. The challenges are to inte~ate IR evaluations from different levels and to incorporate evaluation in new applications.
Paraganglioma in the Vertebral Canal of a Cow

Paragangliomas are neoplastic proliferations of extra-adrenal paraganglionic cells and belong to the neuroendocrine tumor family. Paraganglion cells embryologically arise from the neural crest ectoderm and are distributed segmentally and symmetrically along the longitudinal axis of the body as minute aggregates. 4 Based on the anatomical distribution, innervation, and microscopic structure, the paraganglion system is divided into 2 main groups: the adrenal medulla and the extra-adrenal paraganglia. The extra-adrenal paraganglia are classified into 4 subgroups: 1) branchiomeric, which includes aortic and carotid bodies; 2) intravagal, located along the vagus nerve; 3) aortico-sympathetic, located mainly in the retroperitoneal area; and 4) visceral-autonomic, found in visceral organs such as urinary bladder, gall bladder, and peripheral blood vessels. Paraganglion cells act as chemoreceptors or sympathetic function regulators, but the exact function of the intravagal and visceral-autonomic paraganglionic systems is not well understood. Ultrastructurally, paraganglion cells contain cytoplasmic membrane-bound electron-dense granules 100-200 nm in diameter. The neurosecretory granules contain bioactive amines or other neurotransmitters. Only a few cases of branchiomeric paraganglioma (chemodectoma) have been reported in cows. No cases of a paraganglioma originating from the extra-branchiomeric group have been reported previously in bovine species. A 6-year-old intact female Hereford in good nutritional condition had reduced function of the forelimbs and posterior limb paralysis for about 6 days. During that time, she was lying flat on her side with forelimbs extended and was unable to right herself to a sternal position. Bovine spinal lymphosarcoma was suspected by the referring veterinarian, and the cow was euthanized due to a poor prognosis. The cow was submitted to the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory for postmortem examination. At necropsy, the external examination revealed a 3-cm decubital ulcer over the right tuber ischii with an area of necrosis in the underlying musculature. A 2× 4-cm firm extradural gray mass was found within the vertebral canal adhered to the dorsal aspect of the body of the sixth cervical vertebra. Although compression of the left ventrolateral aspect of the spinal cord was present, the spinal cord did not appear to be invaded by the mass. Tissue samples from the tumor mass and representative organs were fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, routinely processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin
Efficient full-wave electromagnetic analysis via model-order reduction of fast integral transforms

An efficient full-wave electromagnetic analysis tool would be useful in many aspects of engineering design. Development of integral-equation based tools has been hampered by the high computational complexity of dense matrix representations and difficulty in obtaining and utilizing the frequency-domain response. In this paper we demonstrate that an algorithm based on application of a novel model-order reduction scheme directly to the sparse model generated by a fast integral transform has significant advantages for frequency- and time-domain simulation.
Social Epidemiology and the Fundamental Cause Concept: On the Structuring of Effective Cancer Screens by Socioeconomic Status

Since the early 1800s, studies have consistently demonstrated that people higher in the socioeconomic hierarchy live longer than people of lower rank. One hypothesis for the persistence of this association is that people who are relatively better off are more able to avoid risks by adopting currently available protective strategies. In a partial test of this idea, the social distributions of two cancer screening tests—Pap smears and mammography—were examined. A review of the literature and an analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data showed a consistent association between indicators of socioeconomic status and recent screening. These findings support the theory that societies create and shape patterns of disease. Innovations beneficial to health are carried out within the context of inequalities that shape the distribution of the health benefit, thereby affecting patterns of mortality.
Repression of hsp70 heat shock gene transcription by the suppressor of hairy-wing protein of Drosophila melanogaster.

The suppressor of hairy-wing [su(Hw)] locus of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a zinc finger protein that binds a repeated motif in the gypsy retroposon. Mutations of su(Hw) suppress the phenotypes associated with mutations caused by gypsy insertions. To examine the mechanisms by which su(Hw) alters gene expression, a fragment of gypsy containing multiple su(Hw) protein-binding sites was inserted into various locations in the well-characterized Drosophila hsp70 heat shock gene promoter. The authors found no evidence for activation of basal hsp70 transcription by su(Hw) protein in cultured Drosophila cells but observed that it can repress heat shock-induced transcription. Repression occurred only when su(Hw) protein-binding sites were positioned between binding sites for proteins required for heat shock transcription. They propose that su(Hw) protein interferes nonspecifically with protein-protein interactions required for heat shock transcription, perhaps sterically, or by altering the ability of DNA to bend or twist.
Social Work with Immigrants and Refugees: Legal Issues, Clinical Skills, and Advocacy

The publication of this volume comes at an excellent time, marking a significant point in the development of literature related to immigration and refugee issues, and in the teaching of those issue...
Dissecting Regional Variations in Stress Fiber Mechanics in Living Cells with Laser Nanosurgery

The ability of a cell to distribute contractile stresses across the extracellular matrix in a spatially heterogeneous fashion underlies many cellular behaviors, including motility and tissue assembly. Here we investigate the biophysical basis of this phenomenon by using femtosecond laser nanosurgery to measure the viscoelastic recoil and cell-shape contributions of contractile stress fibers (SFs) located in specific compartments of living cells. Upon photodisruption and recoil, myosin light chain kinase-dependent SFs located along the cell periphery display much lower effective elasticities and higher plateau retraction distances than Rho-associated kinase-dependent SFs located in the cell center, with severing of peripheral fibers uniquely triggering a dramatic contraction of the entire cell within minutes of fiber irradiation. Image correlation spectroscopy reveals that when one population of SFs is pharmacologically dissipated, actin density flows toward the other population. Furthermore, dissipation of peripheral fibers reduces the elasticity and increases the plateau retraction distance of central fibers, and severing central fibers under these conditions triggers cellular contraction. Together, these findings show that SFs regulated by different myosin activators exhibit different mechanical properties and cell shape contributions. They also suggest that some fibers can absorb components and assume mechanical roles of other fibers to stabilize cell shape.
Precise comparisons of bottom-pressure and altimetric ocean tides

A new set of pelagic tide determinations is constructed from seafloor pressure measurements obtained at 151 sites in the deep ocean. To maximize precision of estimated tides, only stations with long time series are used; median time series length is 567 days. Geographical coverage is considerably improved by use of the international tsunami network, but coverage in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific is still weak. As a tool for assessing global ocean tide models, the data set is considerably more reliable than older data sets : the root-mean-square difference with a recent altimetric tide model is approximately 5 mm for the M2 constituent. Precision is sufficiently high to allow secondary effects in altimetric and bottom-pressure tide differences to be studied. The atmospheric tide in bottom pressure is clearly detected at the S1, S2, and T2 frequencies. The altimetric tide model is improved if satellite altimetry is corrected for crustal loading by the atmospheric tide. Models of the solid body tide can also be constrained. The free corenutation effect in the K1 Love number is easily detected, but the overall estimates are not as accurate as a recent determination with very long baseline interferometry.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN PROMOTER-BASED GENE THERAPY FOR ANDROGEN-INDEPENDENT HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER

AbstractPurpose: The goal of this study is to develop a tissue-specific toxic gene therapy utilizing the prostate specific antigen (PSA) promoter for both androgen-dependent (AD) and androgen-independent (AI) PSA-secreting prostate cancer cells. Ideally this gene therapy would be effective without the necessity of exposing the target cells to circulating androgens.Materials and Methods: An AI subline of LNCaP, an AD PSA-secreting human prostate cancer cell line, C4-2, was used in this study. Castrated mice bearing C4-2 tumors secrete PSA. A transient expression experiment was used to analyze the activity of two PSA promoters, a 5837 bp long PSA promoter and a 642 bp short PSA promoter, in C4-2 cells. A recombinant adenovirus (Ad-PSA-TK) carrying thymidine kinase under control of the long PSA promoter was generated. The tissue-specific activity of Ad-PSA-TK was tested in vitro and in vivo.Results: The long PSA promoter had superior activity over short PSA promoter, and higher activity in C4-2 cells than in...
Yellow nail syndrome: analysis of 41 consecutive patients.

Background Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare condition defined by the presence of yellow nails associated with lymphedema and/or chronic respiratory manifestations. Several aspects of this disorder remain poorly defined. Methods We sought to clarify the clinical features and course associated with YNS by analyzing 41 consecutive cases evaluated at a tertiary referral medical center. Results There were 20 men and 21 women; median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range, 18 to 82 years). None had a family history of YNS. All but one patient had chronic respiratory manifestations that included pleural effusions (46%), bronchiectasis (44%), chronic sinusitis (41%), and recurrent pneumonias (22%); 26 patients (63%) had lymphedema. Treatment included rotating antibiotic therapy for bronchiectasis, thoracenteses, oral vitamin E, and corticosteroid therapy. Eight patients underwent surgical management of recurrent pleural effusions including pleurodesis and decortication; two additional patients underwent pleurodesis via tube thoracostomy. The yellow nails improved or resolved in 14 of 25 patients (56%) for whom relevant data were available. Median survival of this cohort using the Kaplan-Meier method was 132 months, significantly lower than (p = 0.01) the control population. Among those still alive (20 patients), the disease appeared stable. Conclusions In most cases, YNS is an acquired disorder and associated respiratory manifestations are generally manageable with a regimen of medical and surgical treatments. Yellow nails improve in about one half of patients, often without specific therapy.
Molecular Detection of Marine Invertebrate Larvae

The ecological patterns of many invertebrate larvae remain an ongoing mystery, in large part owing to the difficult task of detecting them in the water column. The development of nucleic-acid–based technology has the potential to resolve this issue by direct identification and monitoring of embryonic and larval forms in situ. We report herein on the successful development and application of nucleicacid–based sandwich hybridization assays that detect barnacles using rRNA-targeted probes with both group-(order Thoracica) and species-(Balanus glandula) specificity. Primary results include the determination of target 18S rRNA sequences and the construction of ‘‘capture’’ probes for detection of larvae using hybridization techniques. In addition, we modified existing protocols for whole cell hybridization of invertebrate larvae as confirmation of the sandwich hybridization results. We used both hybridization techniques successfully in the laboratory on a plankton time series collected over 3 months, as well as a week-long in situ deployment of the technique in Monterey Bay, CA. The adaptability of this technology promises to be further applicable to various organisms and could be used to enhance our understanding of larval presence in the world’s oceans.
Characterization of Aminopeptidase in the Free-living Nematode Panagrellus redivivus: Subcellular Distribution and Possible Role in Neuropeptide Metabolism

Aminopeptidase was detected in homogenates of the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus with the aminoacyl substrate L-alanine-4-nitroanilide. Subcellular distribution of activity was 80% soluble and 20% membrane-associated. Aminopeptidases in the two fractions differed in affinity for Ala-4-NA, with Km's of 0.65 mM (soluble) and 2.90 mM (membrane). Specific activities (units/mg) at pH 7.8, 27oC were 9.10 (soluble) and 14.30 (membrane). Each enzyme was competitively inhibited by amastatin (90% at 100 aeM inhibitor, IC50 = 3.7 aeM) and inhibited by puromycin (30% at 500 aeM) and 1,10-phenanthroline (IC50's:; 148 aeM, soluble; 89 aeM, membrane). Activity was restored by Zn++, with maximum recoveries of 50% (soluble) and 90% (membrane), each at 23 aeM ZnCl2. Estimated molecular masses for each were ~150 kDa. FMRFamide-like neuropeptides behaved as competitive inhibitors. Modification of the N-terminal F of FMRFamide weakened inhibition by 95%, suggesting that the N-terminus is essential for binding to the enzyme. Two nematode FMRFamides, APKPFIRFa and RNKFEFIRFa, were the most potent tested. This is the first biochemical characterization of aminopeptidase in a free-living nematode other than Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrates the high selectivity of the P. redivivus enzymes for neuropeptide substrates.
Improved Hydrothermal Stability of Mesoporous Oxides for Reactions in the Aqueous Phase

A simple and inexpensive approach is used to coat metal oxide surfaces (SBA-15) with thin films of carbon. These carbon films provide improved hydrothermal stability to oxides, such as silica and alumina, which are not otherwise stable at elevated temperatures in the presence of liquid water. Furthermore, the carbon film changes the surface chemistry of the support.
A Method for Constructing Circuit Codes

A d-dimensional circuit code of spread s (also called SIBs, code or circuit code of minimum distance s) is a simple circuit Q in the graph of the d-dimensional cube [0, 1]d such that any two vertices of Q differing in exactly r coordinates, with r
Controlled Microwave Heating and Melting of Gels

Controlled microwave heating and melting of silica, alumina, and aluminosilicate gels were achieved in a 600-W domestic-type oven. The microwave absorption mechanism of these gels is not yet clear. However, parameters were defined whereby rapid heating (including melting) is achieved for these gels. Empirical results indicate that the heating behavior is dependent on the chemistry, structure, and mass of the gel.
The fitoaty: an unidentified carnivoran species from the Masoala peninsula of Madagascar

Little is known about carnivoran ecology and population dynamics in northeastern Madagascar, especially on the little studied Masoala peninsula. This leaves the status of threatened carnivores on the Masoala peninsula poorly understood. Even less is known about the relative taxonomic position and role of domestic, feral, and possible wild cats in Madagascar. Adequate conservation of the Masoala peninsula will remain limited until the status, threats, and roles of felines and native carnivorans in regional system dynamics are documented. Six of the ten carnivoran species belonging to the endemic family Eupleridae, as well as introduced civets, domestic dogs, and cats are known to exist on the peninsula. This paper reports an animal of unknown identity in the Masoala carnivoran assemblage, the fitoaty . Specifically it, (i) reports preliminary observations on the fitoaty collected on the Masoala peninsula, and (ii) describes fitoaty distribution and habits based on local knowledge. Fitoaty appear to have a broad geographic range on the peninsula and to prefer contiguous forests near and within the Masoala National Park. The author tentatively identifies the fitoaty as Felis sp. but extensive carnivoran trapping and genetic testing of the fitoaty are needed to adequately assess the range and identity of this carnivoran and its potential impact on local ecosystems.
Beyond androgyny: The emergence of sex-role transcendence as a theoretical construct

Abstract Recent trends in sex-role research are reviewed with the purpose of showing a paradigm shift in the kinds of issues and questions thought to be important for an understanding of sex-role development. Two recent advances, conceptualizations of androgyny and sex-role transcendence are described with particular emphasis on the emergence of sex-role transcendence as a new theoretical construct. It is argued that while personality, social-learning, and structural-developmental theories account for sex-role identity and androgyny, only structural-developmental theory provides an adequate conceptual framework for the construct of sex-role transcendence. Questions are raised concerning the empirical demonstration of the concept.
Clinical situations in which amputation is preferred to pulp capping because of biologic considerations.

The possibility of impairment of circulation to the coronal pulpal area by the formation of new dentin must be considered by the practitioner in deciding his treatment plan. The thickness of the tissue behind a pulpal exposure is critical to the practitioner’s decision about treatment. If the tissue is shallow, new dentin formation may infringe on the pulp enough to impair circulation to the coronal pulpal area and lead to necrosis. Specific situations are illustrated in which pulpal curettage or pulpotomy, rather than pulp capping, is indicated.
Challenges and Future Directions of Software Technology: The Need for Explicit Programming Environments

Discussion of the future software increasingly requires a careful distinction between application-facing software and hardware-facing software. Programmers of application-facing software will increasingly have to balance speed, reliability, and accuracy as competing goals. Programmers of hardware-facing software will increasingly have to manage data placement, power consumption, and the choices presented by heterogeneous processors. By making these tradeoffs explicit for both programming environments, we will be able to overcome these challenges and potentially will discover new approaches that are not possible with presently available tools.
Electromagnetic Characterization of Two-Layer Dielectrics Using Two Flanged Rectangular Waveguides

In this paper, a flanged waveguides technique capable of measuring both reflection and transmission coefficients is formulated to allow for the nondestructive, simultaneous extraction of complex permittivities of a two-layer lossy dielectric absorber. The technique introduced here eliminates the need for additional optimization constraints required in reflection-only based methods. Theoretical expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients are found using a magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) formulation based on Love's Equivalence Principle and subsequently solved via the Method of Moments (MoM). In addition to these expressions, the dyadic Green's function for a magnetically excited, two-layer, parallel-plate waveguide is developed. The technique is verified experimentally and measured results for an absorber consisting of two R-cards are presented. It is discussed that the flanged waveguides technique is well suited for rapid quality control measurement of dual-layered dielectric absorber or single-layered shielding materials having both dielectric and magnetic properties.
Ramona Memories: Fiction, Tourist Practices, and Placing the Past in Southern California

Abstract Though today it is mostly forgotten, scholars have long written of the impact of Helen Hunt Jackson's 1884 novel Ramona, about how it saturated southern California's landscape with new, Ramona-related tourist attractions and ultimately inspired a romanticized false past for the region. In this article, I reevaluate the landscape, the novel, and those scholarly interpretations, discovering what I consider, not simply a false past, but rather a new social memory for the region, one that was felt and practiced by the tourists (and locals) who visited the many Ramona-related landmarks. In particular, I explore the creation of two Ramona sites, the “Home of Ramona” and “Ramona's Marriage Place,” and detail how tourism and boosterism here intertwined to create attractions that were both profitable as well as meaningful. Using tiny traces scavenged in archives and private collections—souvenirs, postcards, photographs, and scrapbooks—I demonstrate how fact and fiction blurred to become mutually constitut...
SCORE: an integrated system for dynamic scheduling and control of high-volume manufacturing

SCORE is a prototype dynamic scheduling system with rapid execution time that was developed for a high-volume manufacturing plant. The test-case environment is characterized by the complexity and size of the process structure, the high speed of the production flows, and the frequency of unexpected events that disturb the production process. The system has been developed with capabilities for: generating the resource allocation schedules for the shop floor; schedules generating the monitoring activities schedule to be performed by the shop floor controllers; monitoring the events occurring on the shop-floor and anticipating their impact on the manufacturing process; and performing corrective actions to the resource schedules whenever production is jeopardized by unexpected events. The system performs a closed-loop interaction with the network of shop-floor-controllers and work-center processors. The architectural approach adopted enables the integration and cooperation of multiple problem-solving techniques under the coordination of an interrupt-driven system supervisor. >
Lower-extremity peripheral nerve injuries: a Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center literature review with comparison of the operative outcomes of 806 Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center sciatic, common peroneal, and tibial nerve lesions.

OBJECTIVE: With the use of data from 3 Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC) publications, various parameters for buttock/thigh-level sciatic nerve and tibial and common peroneal divisions/nerve injuries were summarized, and outcomes were compared. METHODS: Data from 806 buttock/thigh-level sciatic nerve and tibial and common peroneal division/nerve injury repairs were summarized. Lesion types, repair tech - niques, and outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Acute lacerations undergoing suture repair were best for the thigh-then-buttock-level tibial (93%/73%) and then same-level common peroneal divisions (69%/30%); at the knee level, tibial outcomes (100%) were better than those for the common peroneal nerve (CPN) (84%). Secondary graft repairs for lacerations had good outcomes for the thigh-then-buttock-level tibial (80%/62%), followed by common peroneal divisions at the same levels (45%/24%). The knee/leg-level tibial nerve (94%) did better than the CPN (40%) here. In-continuity lesions with positive intraoperative nerve action potentials underwent neurolysis with better results for the thigh-then-buttock-level tibial division (95%/86%) than for same-level CPN (78%/69%). The knee/leg-level tibial nerve did better than the CPN (95%/93%). CONCLUSION: Better recovery of buttock- and thigh-level tibial division/nerve occurs because: 1) the CPN is lateral and thus vulnerable to a more severe injury; 2) the tibial nerve is more elastic at impact owing to its singular-fixation site (the CPN has a dual fixation); 3) the tibial nerve has a better blood supply and regeneration; 4) the tibial nerve has a higher force-absorbing fascicle/connective tissue count than the CPN; and 5) the tibial nerve-innervated gastrocnemius soleus requires less reinnervation for functional contraction than deep peroneal branches, which innervate long, thin extensor muscles at multiple sites and require coordinated nerve input for effective contraction.
Chemical composition of throughfall and stemflow from citrus canopies

Abstract The main objective of this study was to examine the chemical composition of incident rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow from canopies of ‘Marsh’ grapefruit, and ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Temple’ orange trees. The concentrations of ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) were lower in the throughfall under the canopy or along the dripline as compared to those in the incident rainfall. This reduction is due to absorption of those nitrogen (N) forms by the tree foliage, thus, provides an evidence of contribution of (N) through wet deposition to N requirement of the trees. In contrast, concentrations of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and chloride (Cl) were greater in the throughfall or along the dripline compared to those in the incident rainfall. This is due to possible leaching of those elements from the foliage by the rainwater. Stemflow and throughfall also had greater pH and electrical conductivity (only in two out of three citrus varieties) as compared to the incident rainfall. Good correlation wer...
Symptoms Attributed to Consumption of Caffeinated Beverages in Adolescents

Purpose: Pediatric caffeine use has become increasingly prevalent. The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages caffeine use by children and adolescents due to its adverse impact on sleep and blood pressure. The objective of this study was to measure prevalence of physical and emotional symptoms related to caffeine consumption among adolescents receiving primary care. Methods: A convenience sample of patients (N = 179; 73% female) aged 12–17 presenting for routine primary care completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse Module questionnaire, which included questions regarding use of caffeine. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize prevalence of caffeine use and caffeine-related symptoms. Associations of number of caffeine-related symptoms with age, gender, and race/ethnicity were also analyzed. Results: Sixty-seven percent of participants (n = 120) reported past 30-day caffeinated beverage consumption. Of those, 68% (n = 82) reported at least one symptom or problem ...
Working with Children and Props: Two Adolescence User Research Cases with Props

Props have been used in all phases of user research, but their influences on collected data have not been thoroughly discussed. In this paper, three prop characteristics, likeness, visibility and tangibility, and configurability are identified from literature review based on different roles of props in user research: representation of physical entities, visualization and objectification of abstract entities, and reenactment of past events in user research. In this research, correlations between prop characteristics and generated design information are hypothesized. Two research projects, MonkeySmart! and Bike Interviews, are presented to exemplify research activities. Discussion of each project identifies (1) the types of information, either narrative or paradigmatic, generated with props, and useful for design practitioners, and (2) correlations between prop characteristics and the generated design information.
Action of vitamin A on the skin following intracutaneous injection.

SummaryIt has been found that a single intracutaneous injection of vit. A in the rabbit causes an increase in thickness of the epidermis (excluding corneum) which is due to an increase in both number and size of the cells in the germinative and granular layers. The corneum becomes thinner and denser. The occurrence of large, young appearing nuclei in the absence of an increase in mitotic rate indicates that the maturation process is slowed.
Abstract 2352: Critical structural determinants of maspin necessary for maspin's subcellular localization, biological, and biochemical functions

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Maspin (serpin B5), is the sole member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily whose homozygous deletion results in embryonic lethality. Furthermore, maspin stands alone as the only non-inhibitory clade B serpin, despite the accumulating evidence for maspin's tumor suppressive effects in the progression of many types of cancer including breast, prostate, and lung. In addition, maspin is exclusively an epithelial-specific serpin with distinctive functions in the nucleus, cytosol, and the extracellular space. Our previous research discovered a novel maspin partnership with serine protease-like molecules such as the zymogen form of urokinase type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Structural analyses revealed several distinctive maspin motifs and domains that may be important for partnership of maspin with its target proteins as well as subcellular localization during tumor progression. In this study we aimed to determine if these structural motifs/domains of maspin, in addition to the earlier identified reactive center loop (RCL), are indeed important for maspin complex molecular interactions and biological activities. We utilized the prostate cancer cell line DU145, expressing low endogenous levels of maspin, to deliver wild type maspin and five rational maspin mutants by adenovirus. Different maspin mutants exhibited different affinities for the pro-uPA/uPAR complex on the cell surface and different affinities for intracellular HDAC1 and cytosolic heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90). Based on our biophysical evidence, a unique KDEL motif located downstream of the RCL domain, seems to play a critical role in dictating the subcellular localization and secretion of maspin. It has been shown that the majority of proteins that have a KDEL motif at the extreme C-terminus are endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins. Our study with maspin provides the first evidence that an internal KDEL motif may suffice to direct protein subcellular localization. This finding sheds a new light into the aberrant maspin subcellular localization during tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2352.