cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of fractures in Ash Meadows, southwestern Nevada, by electromagnetic terrain-conductivity measurements

Electromagnetic surveys using a terrain-conductivity measuring device have been used to detect individual fractures along a fault zone in a ground-water discharge area in Ash Meadows, southwestern Nevada. A fracture identified on aerial photographs and confirmed by excavation was surveyed using the conductivity meter to develop techniques in recognizing fractures. Precise coil alignment was critical in detecting the anomalies associated with the fracture. Rough desert terrain required modification of the conductivity meter, the addition of a unipod connected to the transmitter and receiver coils to enable quick, precise coil alignment. Generally, a decrease in the apparent conductivity readings in the vertical dipole configuration were observed when the transmitter coil passed over the fracture. In the horizontal dipole configuration, readings along the survey line at the different exploration depths tended to converge at the fracture, with the degree of convergence dependent upon overburden thickness.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evolution of risk factors influencing early mortality of the arterial switch operation

Abstract OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to determine the independent risk factors for early mortality in the current era after arterial switch operation (ASO). BACKGROUND Prior reports on factors affecting outcome of the ASO demonstrated that abnormal coronary arterial patterns were associated with increased risk of early mortality. As diagnostic, surgical and perioperative management techniques continue to evolve, the risk factors for the ASO may have changed. METHODS All patients who underwent the ASO at Children’s Hospital, Boston between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 1996 were included. Hospital charts, echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization data and operative reports of all patients were reviewed. Demographics and preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables were recorded. RESULTS Of the 223 patients included in the study (median age at ASO = 6 days and median weight = 3.5 kg), 26 patients had aortic arch obstruction or interruption, 12 had Taussig-Bing anomaly, 12 had multiple ventricular septal defects, 8 had right ventricular hypoplasia and 6 were premature. There were 16 early deaths (7%), with 3 deaths in the 109 patients considered “low risk” (2.7%). Coronary artery pattern was not associated with an increased risk of death. Compared with usual coronary anatomy pattern, however, inverted coronary patterns and single right coronary patterns were associated with increased incidence of delayed sternal closure (p = 0.003) and longer duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.008). In a multivariate logistic regression model using only preoperative variables, aortic arch repair at a separate procedure before ASO and smaller birth weight were independent predictors of early mortality. In a second model that included both pre- and intraoperative variables, circulatory arrest time and right ventricular hypoplasia were independent predictors of early death. CONCLUSIONS The ASO can be performed in the current era without excess early mortality related to uncommon coronary artery patterns. Aortic arch repair before ASO, right ventricular hypoplasia, lower birth weight and longer intraoperative support continue to be independent risk factors for early mortality after the ASO.
Exocytosis: The Many Masters of the Exocyst

The exocyst is a conserved eight-subunit complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles. The exocyst has now been identified as an effector for five small GTPases, including Sec4, Rho1, Rho3, Cdc42 and, most recently, RalA.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of egg phosphatidylcholine

Spin lattice relaxation times (T1) and apparent spin-spin relaxation times (T2*) derived from linewidth have been used to investigate model membranes composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine.T1 measurements appear to be largely dominated by segmental motion and as a consequence are not very sensitive to small changes in membrane structure. On the contrary, apparentT2* times are shown to be sensitive to such changes in the membrane and are thus suggested as a useful tool for further investigation of membrane structure.
Characterization of the Glucosyltransferases That Assemble the Side Chains of the Indian Leishmania donovani Lipophosphoglycan

Abstract The life cycle of Leishmania parasites within its sand fly vector involves the development of extracellular promastigotes from a noninfective, “procyclic” stage into an infective, “metacyclic” stage that is adapted for transmission in the fly and survival in the mammalian host. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), the predominant surface glycoconjugate in both procyclic and metacyclic stages, is a critical virulence determinant. LPG is a multidomain molecule; the structural polymorphisms among species lie in branching from the backbone 6Galβ1,4Man(α1)-PO4 repeat units and in the composition of the small oligosaccharide caps. We have recently demonstrated that the LPG from an Indian isolate of Leishmania donovani differs from a Sudanese strain by possessing one or two side chain β(1,3)-linked glucose residues. We now have characterized the glucosyltransferase activities responsible for glucosylating the LPG. When incubated with UDP-[3H]glucose and Mn2+, microsomal membranes from the Indian isolate transferred [3H]glucose to the repeat units of the exogenous acceptor Sudanese L. donovani LPG, which does not contain any side chain branching. Glucose addition was maximal at 28°C, the optimal growth temperature of procyclic L. donovani. Consistent with the lack of side chain branching in its LPG, Sudanese L. donovani showed minimal glucosyltransferase activity. Indian metacyclic promastigotes, in contrast to procyclic promastigotes, express no glucose side chains off the repeat units. Therefore, we compared the relative activity of the glucosyltransferases in microsomes from procyclic and metacyclic promastigotes and observed approximately 80% less activity in the latter. These results provide evidence that the glucose side chain addition to LPG is developmentally regulated during the parasite's life cycle and that the glucosyltransferases of L. donovani are strain specific.
Flow pack facets of the single node fixed-charge flow polytope

We present a class of facet-defining inequalities for the single node fixed-charge flow polytope and provide a comparison of valid inequalities for this polytope. We also present computational results that show the effectiveness of these inequalities in solving fixed-charge network flow problems.
Supraventricular tachycardia due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in children: early disappearance and late recurrence.

Abstract The clinical course of 140 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who had their initial episode of supraventricular tachycardia before 18 years of age was reviewed. Among those whose tachycardia began at age 0 to 2 months, it disappeared in 93% and persisted in 7%. In 31%, it disappeared and reappeared at an average age of 8 years. Among patients whose tachycardia was present after age 5 years, it was persistent in 78% at a mean follow-up period of 7 years. Accessory connection location was mapped by electrophysiologic study in 87 patients and estimated by electrocardiography in 53 patients. There were no differences in tachycardia onset or recurrence based on accessory connection location. Congenital heart defects were present in 37% of all patients, 23% of whom had Ebstein's anomaly. Among all patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, 63% of those with a congenital heart defect had a rightsided accessory connection, whereas 61% of patients with a normal heart had a left-sided connection (p In conclusion: 1) Supraventricular tachycardia due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome that begins in infancy may disappear, but it frequently recurs in later childhood; 2) if tachycardia is present after age 5 years, it persists in >75% of patients; and 3) the location of the accessory connection does not affect the clinical course of tachycardia in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Lexical retrieval pre- and posttemporal lobe epilepsy surgery in a pediatric sample.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate lexical retrieval, presurgery and postsurgery, among children and adolescents who had undergone temporal lobe resection for intractable epilepsy and to compare outcomes in patients whose surgery involved the left temporal lobe or the right temporal lobe. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review identified 36 patients from a major pediatric epilepsy treatment center who had undergone temporal lobe resection (21 underwent left temporal lobe resection; 15 underwent right temporal lobe resection) for intractable epilepsy and who had completed neuropsychological testing that included a measure of confrontation naming (Boston Naming Test, BNT) and verbal fluency (Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Fluency) prior to and after surgery. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to evaluate presurgery and postsurgery changes and to compare the left temporal lobe resection group with the right temporal lobe resection group. Principal results Confrontation naming performance declined after left, but not right, temporal lobe resection (p Major conclusions Left temporal lobe resection for intractable epilepsy is associated with a decline in lexical retrieval. The risk of decline in specific language functions following surgery involving the left temporal lobe should be incorporated in the counseling of patients and families in decision-making with regard to surgery.
Molecular Properties of Post-Mortem Muscle. II. Phase Microscopy of Myofibrils from Bovine Muscle

SUMMARY— The structural appearance of homogenized myofibril suspensions from seven heifers was studied using phase microscopy at various times post-mortem with three different extracting solutions: 1) 0.25M sucrose, 1mM ethylenedi-aminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.05M Tris-(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris), pH 7.6; 2) 0.15M KCI, 1mM EDTA, 0.05M Tris, pH 7.6; and 3) 50% glycerol, 1miZl EDTA, 0.05M Tris, pH 7.6. Samples were examined at death and 24 hr and 312 hr post-mortem with storage at 2 and 16°C. The 16°-24-hr samples exhibited a marked thickening of the A-band, a shortening of the l-band, and a replacement of the H-zone by a dark line or band. The 2°.24-hr samples showed only alternating light and dark bands of nearly equal width, which has been described as a typical supercontracted pattern. At 312 hr, more variability in banding pattern and fragmentation is encountered, but the trend is to preserve the pattern observed in the 24.hr samples. Occasionally, a narrow H-zone is seen in the center of a thickened A-band in the glycerol preparations sampled 312 hr post-mortem. The results suggest that cold shortening of bovine muscle is structurally identical to contraction and substantiate the view that shortening is minimal at 16° storage temperatures. The sucrose extracting solution consistently gave the best preservation and was used for subsequent experiments. Although banding patterns at death and in the 24-hr samples obtained with glycerol showed reliable consistency, these preparations at times exhibited a disturbing fuzziness. Results with KCI solutions were least desirable, because of repeatedly poor structural preservation, as indicated by variability in sarcomere lengths within and between fibers, as well as lack of clarity in banding.
Placental corticotropin-releasing hormone and the hypercortisolism of pregnancy

Objective: Our purpose was to clarify whether placental corticotropin-releasing hormone regulates pituitary-adrenal function in human pregnancy. Study Design: We examined the relationship between maternal plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations and levels of pituitary-adrenal hormones at 5-week intervals in 21 uncomplicated term pregnancies. Results: Maternal plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations rose significantly from 115 ± 45 pg/ml at 11 to 15 weeks to 4346 ± 754 pg/ml at 36 to 40 weeks ( p p p p r = 0.6, p r = 0.04, p Conclusions: Similar modest elevations of corticotropin and cortisol, as occur in pregnancy, have been reported in vitro and in vivo studies of long-term administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Our findings support the concept that placental corticotropin-releasing hormone modulates pituitary-adrenal function in pregnancy.
STEREOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE OF ICOSAHEDRICITY AND POLYICOSAHEDRICITY

Abstract Icosahedral geometry plays an important role in the structure and bonding, as well as the nucleation and growth, of many cluster systems. In particular, metal clusters containing Groups 10 and 11 metals tend to form partial or complete icosahedral structures. The tendency of clusters to adopt icosahedral or icosahedron-based structures may be termed ‘icosahedricity’. The formation of the closed-shell (13-atom) centered icosahedral structure marks the end of the nucleation process and the beginning of growth processes. One particular pathway is the ‘cluster of clusters’ growth whereby multiple icosahedral units are fused together via sharing of vertex atoms, giving rise to the polyicosahedral cluster series. This tendency to form polyicosahedral clusters has been coined ‘polyicosahedricity’. In this paper, attempts will be made to understand the role(s) that stereochemical and electronic effects play in the nucleation and growth of these icosahedral or icosahedron-based clusters, as well as the interrelationships between electron counts and cluster topologies. Other cluster growth pathways and their electronic requirements will also be discussed. We believe that icosahedricity and polyicosahedricity are important in the nucleation and growth, respectively, of many metal cluster systems where metal-metal bonding plays an important role in the cluster formation.
Computationally Efficient Methodology to Calculate C−H and C−X (X = F, Cl, and Br) Bond Dissociation Energies in Haloalkanes

A computationally efficient method for calculating C−H and C−X (X = F, Cl, and Br) bond dissociation energies in haloalkanes has been developed by determining correction factors to MP2/cc-pVtz energies. Corrections for basis set effects were determined by the difference in bond dissociation energies calculated at the MP2/cc-pVtz and MP2/cc-pV5z levels, and correlation effects were corrected by calculating the difference in energies at the MP2/cc-pVtz and CCSD(T)/cc-pVtz levels. Subsequent corrections for the spin−orbit energy of the atomic fragment and zero-point energy were applied to give a final bond dissociation energy. The correction factors were determined using CH4, CH3F, CH3Cl, and CH3Br and are found to yield bond dissociation energies in excellent agreement with experimental results. This correction may also be broadly applied to multihalogen compounds, as shown in calculations of the C−H and C−X bond dissociation energies of CH2X2 and CHX3 (X = F, Cl, and Br) compounds, which accurately reprodu...
J. Piaget and S. Claus: Psychology Makes Strange Bedfellows

An unusual application of Piaget's stage-theory of cognitive development is presented. It is hypothesized that, when the child reaches the concrete operational stage of development, he or she also ceases to believe in Santa Claus. An analysis of the reasoning that led to the formation of this hypothesis as well as an enumeration of its implications for both psychologists and laymen are also presented.
WebWolf: Towards a Simple Framework for Automated Assessment of Webpage Assignments in an Introductory Web Programming Class

Grading student submissions of webpage assignments is difficult and time-consuming because it involves reading and evaluating source code for compliance with assignment specifications. In addition, the pages must be examined in a browser to check for required functionality such as working links. As a result fewer assignments tend to be given, or instructors spend significant time grading at the expense of working with students or other necessary activities. There is thus a need for automated assessment of webpage assignments. This paper describes WebWolf, a simple framework for automated assessment of assignments in an introductory web programming class. A WebWolf program can load web pages, find and inspect elements, click links and make assertions about expected results. WebWolf was evaluated with assignments from three different classes and on a set of assignment submissions with injected errors. WebWolf correctly identified errors in the submissions. Manual grading of a four page assignment took an average of 17 minutes, while the WebWolf program took 35 seconds.
Onset of chaos and its signature in the spectral autocorrelation function

The signature of chaos in the spectral autocorrelation function and in its Fourier transform, the survival probability, is shown to be in good agreement with the predictions of random matrix theory. An expression is proposed for the survival probability of an experimentally prepared nonstationary state when the dynamics are intermediate between chaotic and regular. Its validity is tested through the study of a model Hamiltonian . Two parameters can be extracted from the above observable, one which characterizes the level statistics and one which characterizes the distribution of transition intensities.
Time-Dependent Internal Energy Budgets of the Tropical Warm Water Pools

Abstract The exchange of internal energy between the warm water pools of the tropical oceans and the overlying atmosphere is thought to play a central role in the evolving climate system of the earth. Spatial displacements of the warm water pools are observed on annual and interannual time scales, the latter most notably in the Pacific in association with ENSO. Whether such variations are also associated with net changes in pool energy content is investigated. Extending the work of Niiler and Stevenson and Walin who considered the time mean energy budgets for volumes bounded by an isotherm, the time-dependent version of their equation is analyzed in which the main terms involve the time variations of pool volume and average temperature, net energy exchange between the pool and overlying atmosphere, and the turbulent ocean fluxes across the pool boundaries. The dominant signal in the mean seasonal energy budgets of the warm pools is an approximate balance between the annual variation of air pool heat excha...
Matrix-Isolation Infrared and Theoretical Study of the Reaction of VCl4 with CH3OH

The matrix isolation technique, combined with infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, has been used to investigate VCl4, as well as its reactions with CH3OH and its isotopomers. The infrared spectrum of VCl4 in solid argon showed an intense doublet at 474 and 501 cm-1, which is indicative of a splitting of the triply degenerate stretching mode in Td symmetry due to Jahn−Teller distortion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations (UB3LYP/6-311++g(d,2p)) reproduced this splitting very well. The calculated structure had four equal V−Cl bonds, but with two Cl−V−Cl angles equal to 110.8° and two angles equal to 106.9°. Using twin-jet deposition, the initial intermediate in the reaction of VCl4 with CH3OH was identified as a 1:1 molecular complex, characterized by perturbations to the V−Cl, C−O, and O−H stretching modes. This complex was destroyed by near-UV irradiation, producing the novel Cl3VOCH3 species and cage-paired HCl. Merged-jet co-deposition of CH3OH and VCl4, with a room-temperature ...
Iatrogenic peroneal artery pseudoaneurysm treated by transluminal coil embolization

An 82-year-old male presented to our institution with sudden onset pain in the bilateral lower extremities. Emergent angiography showed thrombus in the right common femoral and left popliteal arteries. Thromboembolectomy was performed using a Fogarty-balloon catheter through the bilateral femoral arteriotomy. A few hours later, he complained of pain in the left calf. Emergent angiography showed a 3.6 × 2.4 cm pseudoaneurysm at the peroneal artery (PA). Coil embolization to the pseudoaneurysm of PA was performed with 8 coils. It is considered that use of the Fogarty-balloon catheter without angiographic guidance caused the pseudoaneurysm for this case. Endovascular coil embolization for a PA pseudoaneurysm is safer, less invasive and more effective.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Human Leukotriene C4Synthase

The functional characteristics of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), which specifically conjugates leukotriene A4 with GSH, were assessed by mutagenic analysis. Human LTC4S and the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein share substantial amino acid identity and predicted secondary structure. The mutation of Arg-51 of LTC4S to Thr or Ile abolishes the enzyme function, whereas the mutation of Arg-51 to His or Lys provides a fully active recombinant protein. The mutations Y59F, Y97F, Y93F, N55A, V49F, and A52S increase the Km of the recombinant microsomal enzyme for GSH. The mutation Y93F also markedly reduces enzyme function and increases the optimum for pH-dependent activity. The deletion of the third hydrophobic domain with the carboxyl terminus abolishes the enzyme activity, and function is restored by the substitution of the third hydrophobic domain and carboxyl terminus of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein for that of LTC4S. Mutations of C56S and C82V alone or together and the deletion of Lys-2 and Asp-3 of LTC4S do not alter enzyme function. The direct linkage of two LTC4S monomers by a 12-amino acid bridge provides an active dimer, and the same bridging of inactive R51I with a wild-type monomer creates an active pseudo-dimer with function similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. These results suggest that in the catalytic function of LTC4S, Arg-51 probably opens the epoxide ring and Tyr-93 provides the thiolate anion of GSH. Furthermore, the monomer has independent conjugation activity, and dimerization of LTC4S maintains the proper protein structure.
Short Myelitis Lesions in Aquaporin-4-IgG–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

Importance Short transverse myelitis (STM; Objectives To determine the frequency of short lesions at the initial myelitis manifestation of NMOSD and to compare the demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of aquaporin-4-IgG (AQP4-IgG) seropositive and seronegative STM. Design, Setting, and Participants We reviewed the records and images of patients at the Mayo Clinic who were identified as AQP4-IgG positive from 1996 to 2014. Inclusion criteria were first STM episode, magnetic resonance imaging performed 90 days or less from symptom onset, spinal cord T2-hyperintense lesion less than 3 vertebral segments, AQP4-IgG seropositivity, and a final diagnosis of NMO or NMOSD. Patients with an initial longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis were excluded (n = 151). Patients with STM who were seronegative for AQP4-IgG among an Olmsted County population–based cohort of inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system were used as a control group. Main Outcomes and Measures Delay to diagnosis in months, clinical and radiological characteristics, and disability measured by ambulatory status. Results Twenty-five patients who were AQP4-IgG seropositive with an initial STM represented 14% of initial myelitis episodes among patients with NMOSD. The STM episode was defined as the first manifestation of NMOSD in 10 patients (40%) preceded by optic neuritis in 13 patients (52%) and preceded by a nausea and vomiting episode in 2 patients (8%). In comparison with the excluded patients with NMOSD who had an initial longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, delay to diagnosis/treatment was greater when initial lesions were short ( P = .02). In AQP4-IgG–positive STM cases, subsequent myelitis episodes were longitudinally extensive in 92%. Attributes more common in patients with AQP4-IgG–positive STM than in 27 population-based patients with AQP4-IgG–negative STM included the following: nonwhite race/ethnicity; tonic spasms; coexisting autoimmunity; magnetic resonance imaging (central cord lesions, T1 hypointensity, and a brain inconsistent with multiple sclerosis); and cerebrospinal fluid (oligoclonal bands lacking). Conclusions and Relevance Short transverse myelitis is not uncommon in NMOSD and, when it is present, delays diagnosis and treatment. Clinical and radiological characteristics identified in this study may help select patients with STM who are at the highest risk for an NMOSD. Short transverse myelitis does not exclude consideration of AQP4-IgG testing or NMOSD diagnosis.
Continuing Education at Western Electric's Corporate Education Center

The Western Electric Corporate Education Center is a tangible manifestation of the company's long-term commitment to continuing education for its technical-professional, supervisory, and upper management employees. Educational programs which have evolved over a period of years now provide post-graduate schooling to accelerate the development of new employees, to maintain and expand the expertise of experienced employees, and to help supervisory employees cope with enlarged areas of responsibility. The three principal areas of study involved are engineering, computer science and information systems, and business management, with roughly equal emphasis in each of the three areas. Teaching load is shared about equally between experienced company employees, and local-area college faculty and specialized consultants. Some 5800 employees annually attend courses in modern, campuslike facilities which accommodate up to 300 resident students at a time.
Noise immune cavity enhanced optical heterodyne velocity modulation spectroscopy

The novel technique of cavity enhanced velocity modulation spectroscopy has recently been demonstrated as the first general absorption technique that allows for sub-Doppler spectroscopy of molecular ions while retaining ion-neutral discrimination. The previous experimental setup has been further improved with the addition of heterodyne detection in a NICE-OHMS setup. This improves the sensitivity by a factor of 50 while retaining sub-Doppler resolution and ion-neutral discrimination. Calibration was done with an optical frequency comb, and line centers for several N2+ lines have been determined to within an accuracy of 300 kHz.
SamaritanCloud: Secure infrastructure for scalable location-based services

Abstract With the maturation of online social networks (OSNs), people have begun to form online communities and look for assistance at a particular place and time from people they only know virtually. However, seeking for such help on existing OSN infrastructures has some disadvantages including loss of privacy (in terms of both location as well as the nature of the help sought) and high response times. In this paper we propose SamaritanCloud, a scalable infrastructure that enables a group of mobile and geographically-dispersed personal computing devices to form a cloud for the purpose of privately sharing relevant locality-specific information. From a technical standpoint our main contribution is to show that only additive homomorphic encryption is sufficient to compute nearness in a cryptographically secure and scalable way in a distributed setting. This allows us to harness the benefit of linear match time while guaranteeing the locational privacy of the clients. In terms of performance our system compares favorably with simpler publish/subscribe schemes that support only equality match. We demonstrate the practical feasibility of SamaritanCloud with experimental evaluations.
Utilization of the riboflavine inhibitor 6-chloro-7-methyl-9-(1'-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine by Lactobacillus casei.

Abstract Lactobacillus casei , subcultured in the presence of minimal amounts of riboflavine and increasing amounts of 6-chloro-7-methyl-9-(1′- d -ribityl)isoalloxazine was modified so that it accepted either compound as its flavine source. The free analog and its 5′-phosphate were isolated from the modified cells. Evidence is presented that L. casei is normally inhibited by this riboflavine analog at the riboflavine phosphorylation stage and that the inhibition can be partially circumvented by providing the organism the 5′-phosphate of the analog.
Length scaling of corner-to-corner propagation on fractal lattices.

Closed formulas for Schro\ifmmode\ddot\else\textasciidieresis\fi{}dinger Green functions connecting opposite corners of two fractal lattices are presented. The lattices are the 3-simplex S and another, R, not previously analyzed. While the corner-to-corner propagation amplitude goes to zero as a function of the lattice size L with stretched-exponential behavior at most values of energy, power-law scaling of the form ${\mathit{L}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ is found for a certain infinite set of real energies. Values of the exponent \ensuremath{\beta} are distributed in a multifractal way over the spectrum of the infinite-lattice limit.
GROWING UP AND GROWING OLDER: FEMINISM AS A CONTEXT FOR WOMEN'S LIVES

Social science research shows that contemporary women endorse feminist goals at rates similar to women in the 1970s. However, generations may differ in some aspects of their relationship to feminism. This study of 333 university alumnae examined expressions of feminism across three generations. We provide the first empirical evidence to support Stewart and Healy's (1989) prediction about the impact of social events experienced in childhood; only the youngest cohort recalled holding feminist beliefs as children. Additionally, each cohort identified feminist influences from the period coinciding with their own identity-forming adolescence as most important, although feminism was related to other beliefs in a similar way for each cohort. The Women's Movement appears to be internalized differently depending on developmental life stage.
Aspects of evolution in the anomuran superfamily Paguroidea: one larval prospective

Summary McLaughlin and Lemaitre (1997), in their examination of carcinization in the Anomura, rejected the traditional concept of paguroid evolution, which had consistently maintained that the lithodid crab-like body form evolved from a typical shell-dwelling hermit crab. Their hypothesis proposed just the reverse, i.e., the lithodid crab-like body form gave rise to the simple hermit crab body form through calcium loss, habitat change and consequential morphological adaptations. Their original hypothesis was based on characters derived from adult morphology, but they suggested that larval data would support their view. The megalopal and first or first- and second-crab stages of representatives of both subfamilies of the Lithodidae provide the first of such larval information. Ten species in eight genera have been examined specifically for development of abdominal tergites. These data, although preliminary in scope, unequivocally disprove the Bouvierian concept of lithodid abdominal plate development, and ...
Thermal-energy charge transfer, quenching, and association reactions of doubly charged ions in the rare gases

A drift-tube mass-spectrometer apparatus has been used to determine thermal-energy (300 K) charge transfer rate coefficients for reactions of the type R/sub a//sup ts2+/+R/sub b/..-->..R/sub a//sup +/+R/sub b//sup +asterisk/ and R/sub a//sup ts2+/+R/sub b/..-->..R/sub a//sup +/+R/sub b//sup ts2+/+e/sup -/ (transfer ionization), where R=He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. Rate coefficients for ions in the low-lying, metastable excited states (/sup 1/S and /sup 1/D) as well as the ground state (/sup 3/P) have been determined and, in some cases, deexcitation (quenching) coefficients for /sup 1/S and /sup 1/D ions have been measured. Reactions with an exoergicity ..delta..Eapprox.4 eV are found to be fast, approaching the limiting Langevin rate, while for ..delta..E 7 eV the rates fall off dramatically, in some cases dropping to the radiative value (approx.10/sup -14/ cm/sup 3//sec). The equilibrium constant for the three-body association reaction Xe/sup 2 +/+2 Ne arrow-right-left (Xe Ne)/sup 2 +/+Ne has been determined at 300 K.
PENETRATION OF STAIN IN ULTRATHIN SECTIONS OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS.

Purified preparations of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and pieces of tomato leaves infected with TMV were embedded in methacrylate or epoxy resin, sectioned, and stained with 1.0% strontium permanganate for electron microscopy. In sections containing purified and intracellular virus, the apparent length of stained particles varied directly with section thickness, indicating stain penetration beyond the surface of the section. Penetration was demonstrated also by stereoscopy. Penetration was less complete when sections were allowed to dry before staining. In most instances the number of identifiable particles per unit area was independent of section thickness but increased when both surfaces of the sections were stained instead of only one surface. Staining was prevented by thin films of methacrylate or epoxy resin placed between the virus section and staining solution. Most results supported the view that electron scattering capacity was enhanced only in particles which intersected the surface of the section...
Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review.

Objective: Following up on growing evidence that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with greater health protection, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between conscientiousness-related traits and longevity. Design: Using a random-effects analysis model, the authors statistically combined 20 independent samples. In addition, the authors used fixed-effects analyses to examine specific facets of conscientiousness and study characteristics as potential moderators of this relationship. Main Outcome Measures: Effect sizes were computed for each individual sample as the correlation coefficient r, based on the relationship between conscientiousness and mortality risk (all-cause mortality risk, longevity, or length of survival). Results: Higher levels of conscientiousness were significantly and positively related to longevity (r .11, 95% confidence interval .05–.17). Associations were strongest for the achievement (persistent, industrious) and order (organized, disciplined) facets of conscientiousness. Conclusion: Results strongly support the importance of conscientiousness-related traits to health across the life span. Future research and interventions should consider how individual differences in conscientiousness may cause and be shaped by health-relevant biopsychosocial events across many years.
Resource allocation in MIMO-based ad hoc networks

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communications have shown great promise in providing high spectral efficiency for wireless ad hoc networks. In this paper we study the problem of joint routing, scheduling, power control and bit rate selection in MIMO-based ad hoc network with the goal of maximizing the system throughput that satisfies a given end-to-end traffic demand. We formulate this cross-layer optimization problem as a linear programming problem. It is well known that the scheduling problem arising in wireless network is NP-hard due to the exponential optimization space. Accommodating MIMO links in this work greatly increases the computation complexity. The cross-layer optimization problem can be solved by applying an iterative approach proposed in [10], and the original problem is decomposed into subproblems and solve them iteratively. Numerical results are given to validate the solution.
Deriving image-text document surrogates to optimize cognition

The representation of information collections needs to be optimized for human cognition. While documents often include rich visual components, collections, including personal collections and those generated by search engines, are typically represented by lists of text-only surrogates. By concurrently invoking complementary components of human cognition, combined image-text surrogates will help people to more effectively see, understand, think about, and remember an information collection. This research develops algorithmic methods that use the structural context of images in HTML documents to associate meaningful text and thus derive combined image-text surrogates. Our algorithm first recognizes which documents consist essentially of informative and multimedia content. Then, the algorithm recognizes the informative sub-trees within each such document, discards advertisements and navigation, and extracts images with contextual descriptions. Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's efficacy. An implementation of the algorithm is provided in combinFormation, a creativity support tool for collection authoring. The enhanced image-text surrogates enhance the experiences of users finding and collecting information as part of developing new ideas.
Leaf litter breakdown, microbial respiration and shredder production in metal‐polluted streams

Summary 1. If species disproportionately influence ecosystem functioning and also differ in their sensitivities to environmental conditions, the selective removal of species by anthropogenic stressors may lead to strong effects on ecosystem processes. We evaluated whether these circumstances held for several Colorado, U.S.A. streams stressed by Zn. 2. Benthic invertebrates and chemistry were sampled in five second–third order streams for 1 year. Study streams differed in dissolved metal concentrations, but were otherwise similar in chemical and physical characteristics. Secondary production of leaf-shredding insects was estimated using the increment summation and size-frequency methods. Leaf litter breakdown rates were estimated by retrieving litter-bags over a 171 day period. Microbial activity on leaf litter was measured in the laboratory using changes in oxygen concentration over a 48 h incubation period. 3. Dissolved Zn concentrations varied eightfold among two reference and three polluted streams. Total secondary production of shredders was negatively associated with metal contamination. Secondary production in reference streams was dominated by Taenionema pallidum. Results of previous studies and the current investigation demonstrate that this shredder is highly sensitive to metals in Colorado headwater streams. Leaf litter breakdown rates were similar between reference streams and declined significantly in the polluted streams. Microbial respiration at the most contaminated site was significantly lower than at reference sites. 4. Our results supported the hypothesis that some shredder species contribute disproportionately to leaf litter breakdown. Furthermore, the functionally dominant taxon was also the most sensitive to metal contamination. We conclude that leaf litter breakdown in our study streams lacked functional redundancy and was therefore highly sensitive to contaminant-induced alterations in community structure. We argue for the necessity of simultaneously measuring community structure and ecosystem function in anthropogenically stressed ecosystems.
Coherent optical receiver for PPM signals under atmospheric turbulence

Adaptive combining of experimentally obtained heterodyned pulse position modulated (PPM) signals with pulse-to-pulse coherence in the presence of simulated spatial distortions resembling atmospheric turbulence, is demonstrated. The adaptively combined PPM signals are phased up via an LMS algorithm suitably optimized to operate with PPM in the presence of additive shot-noise. A convergence analysis of the algorithm is presented, and results with both, computer simulated and experimentally obtained PPM signals are analyzed
Age-related differences in bilateral asymmetry in cycling performance.

(2012). Age-Related Differences in Bilateral Asymmetry in Cycling Performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 114-119.
Raman scattering characterization of (100) and (111) oriented diamond films grown in the same run by hot filament chemical vapor deposition

The crystalline quality of a diamond film with two different preferential orientations (100) and (111), obtained in the same run by hot filament chemical deposition, has been studied. The quality of the film determined by Raman spectroscopy measurements was found to be nearly the same for both orientations. The second order Raman spectrum for diamond film was observed by using an infrared excitation.
Increasing of ground resistance of human foot in substations' yards

Tolerable step and touch voltages for a person largely depend on the grounding resistance of the foot. In a substation switchyard a 0.08 to 0.15 m layer of crushed rock is often spread on the surface of the earth to increase the grounding resistance of the feet of the people in the substation area. However, if the thickness of the layer of crushed rock is small and the soil underneath is of low resistivity, a high value of the footing resistance is not obtained. Cement concrete pathways in a switchyard when wet may result in a low grounding resistance of the foot. For designing a safe grounding system a high value of footing resistance is desirable. A simple method that can be adopted to obtain high footing resistance is the use of a sheet of plastic material such as polyethylene, permalon, etc., immediately below the layer of crushed rock or the cement concrete pathway, at places in a substation where high footing resistance is needed. Plastic sheets having tear and puncture resistant qualities are available and if used properly should last for a long time. Analysis of the footing resistance when a plastic sheet is spread below the surface of earth is presented in this paper. Scale model tests have been conducted to obtain results and a simple method has been developed to obtain the grounding resistance of the foot when a plastic sheet is used below the surface of the soil.
The Feasibility and Safety of Adopting Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery into Gynecologic Oncology Practice.

Abstract Study Objective To determine the complications associated with single-incision laparoscopy in gynecologic oncology surgery. Design A retrospective cohort (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting A single academic institution. Patients One hundred fifteen consecutive patients undergoing single-incision laparoscopy with suspected gynecologic oncology conditions. Interventions Single-incision laparoscopy. Measurements and Main Results One hundred fifteen patients underwent single-incision laparoscopy. The mean age was 55.3 ± 13.1 years. For procedures completed via single-incision laparoscopy (102/115 [88.7%]), the mean operative time was 130.7 ± 55.5 minutes. The average blood loss was 63 ± 111 mL. The conversion to open rate was 13 of 115 (12.17%). The conversion rate of the 55 patients with benign conditions was lower (2/55 [3.64%]) compared with the 60 patients with malignant conditions (11/60 [18.33%]). The hernia rate was 2 of 115 (1.80%), 1 of which was a recurrent hernia. The median time for follow-up was 30 days (range, 5–653 days). Conclusion Single-incision laparoscopy provides a feasible, safe, and promising minimally invasive modality for treating gynecologic oncology patients.
Ambient Air Pollution and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: Results from the MOBILIZE Boston Study

Background: Exposure to ambient air pollution, particularly from traffic, has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes, but the association with depressive symptoms remains unclear.Objective...
Food and Superfood: Organic Labeling and the Triumph of Gay Science Over Dismal and Natural Science in Agricultural Policy

The nearly silent and seamless convergence of American and European standards for organic labeling represents a pivotal moment in contemporary agricultural policy. Effective June 1, 2012, the United States and the European Union have each agreed to treat the other jurisdiction’s system of organic certification as equivalent to its own. Because organic labeling under the Organic Foods Production Act serves as the practical (if legally imperfect) vehicle by which American farmers and agribusinesses market food produced without resort to genetically modified organisms, the United States and European Union’s organic equivalence arrangement provides a quiet, partial solution to one of the longest, bitterest trade disputes dividing the dominant cultures of the North Atlantic. Beyond its impact in two of the world’s biggest markets for organic food, the Organic Equivalence Arrangement signals something even deeper within the making of global agricultural policy. The silent substitution of organic labeling for transatlantic harmonization of policies on genetically modified organisms represents the triumph of aesthetics and environmental philosophy over the traditional drivers of agricultural policy and food and drug law in the United States: production costs, retail prices, consumer protection, and federal supervision of all aspects of science affecting food and agriculture. In a stunning reversal of the usual presumption that philosophical beauty should not dictate legal truth, transatlantic convergence on organic labeling gives the gay science of poetry a striking victory over the dismal science of economics and the natural science of conventional agriculture.
New blind beamforming algorithm using joint multiple matrix diagonalization

We propose a new joint multiple matrix diagonalization algorithm for robust blind beamforming. This new algorithm is based on the iterative eigen-decomposition of cumulant matrices. Therefore it can avoid the stability and misadjustment problems arising among the conventional steepest-descent approaches for constant-modulus or cumulant optimization. Our Monte Carlo simulations show that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the JADE algorithm based on the Givens rotation for PSK source signals in terms of signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio for a wide variety of signal-to-noise ratios
Networking at the End of the Earth

The combined Soviet legacy of a literate population and a dense infrastructure of well-educated information professionals means the introduction of online communication could open public access to huge stors of information quickly
Interference mitigation in passive microwave radiometry

Relentless development of the microwave spectrum for telecommunications and other active services enhances the risk of anthropogenic interference to the passive Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS). While spectral allocation remains the primary basis for avoiding interference between the passive and active services, it is also prudent to consider the use of interference mitigation technology for passive microwave remote sensing, especially for spectral regions wherein primary EESS allocation is non-negotiable. Accordingly, we consider several means of detecting and correcting for anthropogenic interference in passive microwave imagery, including spectral subbanding, polarization detection, polarimetric detection, and azimuthal detection. A spectral subband technique applicable to either narrow-band and/or window channels is demonstrated with C-band data obtained using the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) airborne imaging system. The technique provides very good rejection of strong interference, and is readily applicable for implementation on future airborne and spaceborne passive microwave sensors.
Using self-rating scales for assessing the severely mentally ill client : A clinical and psychometric perspective

SUMMARY Seventy-five SPMI clients were administered Hudson's Generalized Contentment Scaleand Index of Self-Esteem. The item responses and total scores were analyzed statistically for reliability and validity. It was found that when a guided self-rating system rather than independent self-rating was employed, the two Hudson scales had high reliability (.88 and .91) and concurrent instrument validity (.88 and .91). Limited construct validity was also established. In addition, the article explains how the guided self-ratings are conducted and provides suggestions for managing symptoms during the assessment.