cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Empirical Amide I Vibrational Frequency Map: Application to 2D-IR Line Shapes for Isotope-Edited Membrane Peptide Bundles†

The amide I vibrational mode, primarily associated with peptide-bond carbonyl stretches, has long been used to probe the structures and dynamics of peptides and proteins by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. A number of ab initio-based amide I vibrational frequency maps have been developed for calculating IR line shapes. In this paper, a new empirical amide I vibrational frequency map is developed. To evaluate its performance, we applied this map to a system of isotope-edited CD3-ζ membrane peptide bundles in aqueous solution. The calculated 2D-IR diagonal line widths vary from residue to residue and show an asymmetric pattern as a function of position in the membrane. The theoretical results are in fair agreement with experiments on the same system. Through analysis of the computed frequency time-correlation functions, it is found that the 2D-IR diagonal widths are dominated by contributions from the inhomogeneous frequency distributions, from which it follows that these widths are a good probe of the extent of...
Up-regulation of αVβ3 integrin expression is a novel molecular response to chemotherapy-induced cell damage in a heregulin-dependent manner

αvβ3 integrin has a dual role in apoptosis. Whereas ligated αvβ3 activates cell survival pathways and suppresses pro-apoptotic signals, unligated αvβ3 or integrins bound to soluble ligands promote apoptosis. In this study, we assessed the role of αvβ3 in chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells expressing different levels of heregulin (HRG). Expression levels of the RGD-binding integrins αvβ3 were measured in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and its low HRG-expressing derivative (MDA-MB-231/AS31) treated with the microtubule-interfering agents (MIAs) paclitaxel and vincristine. Following treatment, only αvβ3 levels were significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 cells. Interestingly, αvβ3 expression was more significantly up-regulated in the MDA-MB-231/AS31 cells than in the parental cells. This MIA-induced increase of αvβ3 expression was correlated with a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis in MDA-MB-231/AS31 cells, indicating that overexpression of αvβ3 is linked to chemotherapy-induced cell death in low HRG-expressing breast cancer models. Moreover, a paclitaxel-induced increase of αvβ3 was also observed in MCF-7 cells but not in an doxorubicin-resistant derivative that shows cross-resistance to paclitaxel, further providing evidence that the extent of αvβ3 up-regulation is related to cell damage. These results indicate that αvβ3 integrin is dramatically up-regulated in low HRG-expressing breast cancer models that are highly responsive to MIAs, thus providing a novel molecular marker of chemosensitivity influenced by HRG levels in breast cancer cells.
Precipitation Forecasting Using a Neural Network

A neural network, using input from the Eta Model and upper air soundings, has been developed for the probability of precipitation (PoP) and quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) for the Dallas‐Fort Worth, Texas, area. Forecasts from two years were verified against a network of 36 rain gauges. The resulting forecasts were remarkably sharp, with over 70% of the PoP forecasts being less than 5% or greater than 95%. Of the 436 days with forecasts of less than 5% PoP, no rain occurred on 435 days. On the 111 days with forecasts of greater than 95% PoP, rain always occurred. The linear correlation between the forecast and observed precipitation amount was 0.95. Equitable threat scores for threshold precipitation amounts from 0.05 in. ( ;1 mm) to 1 in. (;25 mm) are 0.63 or higher, with maximum values over 0.86. Combining the PoP and QPF products indicates that for very high PoPs, the correlation between the QPF and observations is higher than for lower PoPs. In addition, 61 of the 70 observed rains of at least 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) are associated with PoPs greater than 85%. As a result, the system indicates a potential for more accurate precipitation forecasting.
The Photon Structure Function

Deep inelastic scattering provides us with a unique probe into the structure of elementary particles. Experiments have revealed the existance of quarks and gluons as the pointlike constituents of hadrons. Almost ten years ago, Brodsky et al.1 proposed that e+ e− colliding beam experiments could be used to study the deep inelastic structure of photons by observing those processes which proceed through two photon annihilations. The photon is a particularly interesting particle due to its two component nature. In many reactions, the photon has hadronic character which may be understood through vector meson dominance ideas. However, the photon also has a pointlike component which can be observed in hard scattering processes. As emphasized by Brodsky et al.,1 this pointlike component results in a dominant two photon annihilation cross section at sufficiently high energy.
Femtosecond molecular dynamics probed through resonance Raman intensities

The use of steady-state resonance Raman intensities to probe ultrafast dynamics in excited electronic states of molecules is discussed. The theory of resonance Raman scattering from both isolated and solvated molecules is reviewed and the information that can be obtained about both intramolecular vibrational motions and solvation dynamics is described. Applications to excited-state torsional dynamics in polyenes, solvent-induced electronic dephasing, and photodissociation dynamics in CS2 are presented.
Liberalism's divide, after socialism and before

For most of the century and a half that began roughly with the later works of John Stuart Mill, the most important divide within liberal political thought was that between classical (or market, or libertarian) liberalism and welfare (or new, or redistributionist) liberalism. The questions that were important to the socialist/liberal debate also became important for debates within liberalism: What is the relationship between property and freedom? Between free trade and freedom? Is freedom of commercial activity on a moral par with other sorts of freedom? Is the alleviation of poverty or material need a more important political goal than freedom? How do freedom and equality fit together in a liberal understanding of justice? What degree of state economic planning, or state taxation and expenditure, is compatible with liberal freedom?
Updating multipoint simulations using the ensemble Kalman filter

In the last two decades, the multipoint simulation (MPS) method has been developed and increasingly used for building complex geological facies models that are conditioned to geological and geophysical data. In the meantime, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach has been developed and recognized as a promising way for assimilating dynamic production data into reservoir models. So far, the EnKF approach is proven efficient for updating continuous model parameters that have a linear statistical relation with the flow responses. It remains challenging to extend the EnKF approach to updating complex geological facies models generated by MPS, while preserving their geological and statistical consistency. In this paper, we introduce a new method for parameterizing geostatistical reservoir models generated by MPS. It is mathematically proven that updating these parameters during a history matching process does not compromise the hard data conditioning and the geological and statistical consistency of the reservoir model defined by the training image and other information including global facies proportions, trend maps etc. This method is an alternative to the gradual deformation method but has an enlarged search space for covering possible solutions. Based on the above parameterization, we present two algorithms of using EnKF approach to update multipoint simulations to dynamic data. We also present results of using the above methodology to condition a sector model of a fluvial reservoir to dynamic data.
Ways of Reading Animals in Victorian Literature, Culture and Science

By decentring the human perspective and shifting focus towards the diverse roles of animals in human culture, the burgeoning field of animal studies is transforming the way we read texts past and present. Since Harriet Ritvo’s groundbreaking work, The Animal Estate: The English and Other Creatures in the Victorian Era (1987), the history of animals has been of particular interest to scholars of Victorian literature and culture. Similarly, those interested in the history of animals have frequently turned their attention to this period, which witnessed the emergence of public zoos, animal protection societies and the theory of natural selection. Of particular interest to scholars in a variety of fields have been the vivisection debates of the later-19th century. Beginning in the 1870s, animal experimentation came to be more widely practiced in British physiological laboratories, bringing into conflict scientific and humanitarian interests in the animal, as antivivisectionists and advocates of animal research debated their right to speak for the nonhuman animal. Although the moral status of the experimental animal was at the centre of these debates, the animal presence has been notably absent from accounts of the period by historians of science. A concern with the ethical problems raised by the human use of animals is also absent or muted in recent scholarship on cultural representations of animals in the Victorian period. This essay considers these animal absences and suggests areas for further inquiry and development, arguing that the subject of the vivisection debates of the later-19th century could serve as a meeting point for scholars interested in science studies, Victorian literature and culture, and the burgeoning field of animal studies.
Magma Mixing and Cretaceous Crustal Growth: Geology and Geochemistry of Granites in the Central Sierra Nevada Batholith, California

Major- and trace-element data suggest that some granites exposed in the Sierra Nevada batholith represent appropriate end members in a mixing process that generated voluminous granodiorites. Geochemical trends in a range of rock types indicate that the highest-silica granites have been variably modified by partial melting and/or fractional crystallization. Trends in initial Sr, Nd, and common Pb isotope ratios reveal little variation within a wide range of rock types in the same suite, but significant spatial and isotopic variation among individual suites of rocks. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that granites in the Sierra are generated by partially melting juvenile, mantle-derived diorites and mixed with penecontemporaneous mantle melts. With the exception of one spatially limited suite in this study, there is little evidence that ancient continental crust was involved in the generation of the central Sierra Nevada batholith. Instead, isotopic trends from east to west in this s...
Evaluation of the Effect of Decision Support on the Efficiency of Primary Care Providers in the Outpatient Practice

Background: Clinical decision support (CDS) for primary care has been shown to improve delivery of preventive services. However, there is little evidence for efficiency of physicians due to CDS assistance. In this article, we report a pilot study for measuring the impact of CDS on the time spent by physicians for deciding on preventive services and chronic disease management. Methods: We randomly selected 30 patients from a primary care practice, and assigned them to 10 physicians. The physicians were requested to perform chart review to decide on preventive services and chronic disease management for the assigned patients. The patients assignment was done in a randomized crossover design, such that each patient received 2 sets of recommendations—one from a physician with CDS assistance and the other from a different physician without CDS assistance. We compared the physician recommendations made using CDS assistance, with the recommendations made without CDS assistance. Results: The physicians required an average of 1 minute 44 seconds, when they were they had access to the decision support system and 5 minutes when they were unassisted. Hence the CDS assistance resulted in an estimated saving of 3 minutes 16 seconds (65%) of the physicians’ time, which was statistically significant (P < .0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of recommendations. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CDS assistance significantly reduced the time spent by physicians for deciding on preventive services and chronic disease management. The result needs to be confirmed by performing similar studies at other institutions.
Large‐scale observations of flows in the ionosphere

At midlatitudes in the ionosphere, just below the auroral region, narrow channels of strong westward flow have been observed. These flows, known as subauroral polarization streams (SAPS), are driven by pressure gradients in near-Earth space and are a manifestation of the coupling between the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere. To better understand these flows, Clausen et al. measured the flow velocities inside SAPS using the new midlatitude chain of Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) instruments. The observations, which lasted for 3 hours and covered the entire North American continent, are the first large-scale simultaneous observations of the velocity structure of SAPS.
The Bayesian brain: the role of uncertainty in neural coding and computation

Touse sensory information efficientlyto makejudgments and guide action in the world, the brain must represent anduseinformationaboutuncertaintyinitscomputations for perception andaction. Bayesian methodshave proven successful in building computational theories for perception and sensorimotor control, and psychophysics is providing a growing body of evidence that human perceptual computations are ‘Bayes’ optimal’. This leads to the ‘Bayesian coding hypothesis’: that the brain represents sensory information probabilistically, in the form of probability distributions. Several computational schemes have recently been proposed for how this might be achieved in populations of neurons. Neurophysiological data on the hypothesis, however, is almost nonexistent. A major challenge for neuroscientists is to test these ideas experimentally, and so determine whether and how neurons code information about sensory uncertainty.
Arp2/3 mediates early endosome dynamics necessary for the maintenance of PAR asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans

Depletion of Caenorhabditis elegans Arp2 disrupts PAR asymmetry maintenance, cortical recruitment of endocytic markers, and early endosomal dynamics. Large cytoplasmic PAR aggregates are observed i...
The individual and mass housing: the delicate balance

One of Alvar Aalto's major preoccupations throughout his life's work was redefining the place of the individual in modern society in the face of industrialization, urbanization, and the political ideologies of extreme left and right. Unwilling to accept the Communist models of communal living and their rigid architectural suppression of individuality as well as Le Corbusian paradigms of platonic idealism, Aalto set out in MIT's Baker Dormitory to redefine the modern mass housing model with Le Corbusier's Swiss Pavilion as a point of departure.
Mechanistic Studies of Methanol Oxidation to Formaldehyde on Isolated Vanadate Sites Supported on High Surface Area Anatase

The mechanism for methanol oxidation on both TiO2 and V/TiO2 was investigated using temperature-programmed experiments with in-situ infrared spectroscopy. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy, along with XANES, show that the V/TiO2 sample consists predominantly of isolated VO4 units after calcination. Methanol was found to adsorb on the catalyst in three ways at 323 K: (1) molecularly, (2) across Ti−O−Ti bonds to form Ti−OCH3/Ti−OH pairs, and (3) across V−O−Ti bonds to form V−OCH3/Ti−OH pairs. Upon heating, two desorption peaks for CH3OH and H2O were observed on all samples below 500 K. Although TiO2 produced small amounts of CH2O, the addition of vanadium greatly enhanced the rate of formaldehyde formation. Also, on the V/TiO2 samples, it was noticed that the Ti−OCH3 groups disappear much more rapidly than on TiO2 alone. This is likely due to the reverse spillover of methoxide species from Ti to V, with the reaction occurring at lower temperatures at the vanadium center. Formate species were also detected du...
Optimization of single-base-pair mismatch discrimination in oligonucleotide microarrays

The discrimination between perfect-match and single-base-pair-mismatched nucleic acid duplexes was investigated by using oligonucleotide DNA microarrays and nonequilibrium dissociation rates (melting profiles). DNA and RNA versions of two synthetic targets corresponding to the 16S rRNA sequences of Staphylococcus epidermidis (38 nucleotides) and Nitrosomonas eutropha (39 nucleotides) were hybridized to perfect-match probes (18-mer and 19-mer) and to a set of probes having all possible single-base-pair mismatches. The melting profiles of all probe-target duplexes were determined in parallel by using an imposed temperature step gradient. We derived an optimum wash temperature for each probe and target by using a simple formula to calculate a discrimination index for each temperature of the step gradient. This optimum corresponded to the output of an independent analysis using a customized neural network program. These results together provide an experimental and analytical framework for optimizing mismatch discrimination among all probes on a DNA microarray.
Robotic training and kinematic analysis of arm and hand after incomplete spinal cord injury: A case study

Regaining upper extremity function is the primary concern of persons with tetraplegia caused by spinal cord injury (SCI). Robotic rehabilitation has been inadequately tested and underutilized in rehabilitation of the upper extremity in the SCI population. Given the acceptance of robotic training in stroke rehabilitation and SCI gait training, coupled with recent evidence that the spinal cord, like the brain, demonstrates plasticity that can be catalyzed by repetitive movement training such as that available with robotic devices, it is probable that robotic upper-extremity training of persons with SCI could be clinically beneficial. The primary goal of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of using a novel robotic device for the upper extremity (RiceWrist) and to evaluate robotic rehabilitation using the RiceWrist in a tetraplegic person with incomplete SCI. A 24-year-old male with incomplete SCI participated in 10 sessions of robot-assisted therapy involving intensive upper limb training. The subject successfully completed all training sessions and showed improvements in movement smoothness, as well as in the hand function. Results from this study provide valuable information for further developments of robotic devices for upper limb rehabilitation in persons with SCI.
Opioid Use and Depression in Chronic Pelvic Pain

Opioid pain medications and antidepressants are commonly prescribed to patients for chronic non-cancer pain. However, little evidence exists for their effectiveness in most pain states, including chronic pelvic pain. Whenever possible, initiation of opioid pain medications in chronic non-cancer pain should be avoided. If patients present for evaluation of disease states such as endometriosis or interstitial cystitis already using regular narcotics, physicians should be aware of ways to mediate misuse and diversion. Women with chronic pain should be screened for depression as well as a history of prior sexual abuse, and treatment or referral initiated when indicated.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN PLASMAS USING COHERENT RAYLEIGH SCATTERING

We demonstrate the application of a new non-linear optical technique called coherent Rayleigh scattering (CRS) to the measurement of translation temperature in low pressure, weakly ionized gases. © 2001 by Princeton University. Published by sthe American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
Effects of hypnotizability and mental imagery on signal detection sensitivity and response bias

Abstract It was hypothesized that the ability to selectively concentrate attention on mental images would be greater among high hypnotizable Ss than among low hypnotizable Ss, as indicated by a greater interference with visual signal detection by concurrent visual mental imagery in response to specified nouns. This hypothesis was not supported in the overall results, though the finding of a significant interference effect among the high hypnotizable female Ss, but not among other subgroups, indicates that further research with a more refined procedure might be worthwhile. On the control trials without images, the high hypnotizable Ss made more false alarms than lows, and had a significantly different bias index indicating that high hypnotizable Ss were more likely than lows to respond “yes” when uncertain about whether the signal was present; false alarms can be interpreted as a nonhypnotic measure of suggestibility. The high and low hypnotizable Ss did not differ in their times to generate images in resp...
Postgenomic futures: translations across the machine-nature border in systems biology

This article discusses the production of new “postgenomic” knowledges that aim to be more ecological and “wholistic” than the reductionist genetics of the last forty years. It examines systems biol...
Experimental Observations on the Flow Past a Plano-Convex Hydrofoil

Some new measurements and observations on the noncavitating and cavitating flow past a plano-convex hydrofoil are presented. Under some conditions of partial cavitation, strong, periodic oscillations both in the cavity length and forces exerted on the hydrofoil are observed. The reduced frequency of oscillation depends upon the cavitation number and angle of attack; it also depends somewhat on tunnel speed for the lower angles of attack but becomes substantially independent of speed for the highest angle. The peak-to-peak magnitude of the force oscillation can amount to about 20 percent of the average force.
Effects of nonmodel errors on model-based testing

In previous work, model-based methods have been developed for efficient testing of components and instruments that allow for their full behavior to be predicted from a small set of test measurements. While such methods can significantly reduce the testing cost of such units, these methods are valid only if the model accurately represents the behavior of the units. Previous papers on this subject described many methods for developing accurate models and using them to develop efficient test methods. However, they gave little consideration to the problem of testing units which change their behavior after the model has been developed, for example, as a result of changes in the manufacturing process. Such changed behavior is referred to as nonmodel behavior or nonmodel error. When units with this new behavior are tested with these more efficient methods, their predicted behavior can show significant deviations from their true behavior. This paper describes how to analyze the data taken at the reduced set of measurements to estimate the uncertainty in the model predictions, even when the device has significant nonmodel error. Results of simulation are used to verify the accuracy of the estimates and to show the expected variation in the results for many modeling variables.
Psychological health, behavior, and bodyweight (PBBW) model: An evaluation of predictors of health behaviors and body mass index (BMI)

ABSTRACTThis study proposes and tests a theory driven model: the psychological health, behavior and body weight (PBBW) model. The model hypothesizes an indirect relationship between psychological health and body weight, mediated by health behaviors. Correctional employees (N = 317) completed physical assessments and self-report surveys that measured body mass index (BMI), perceived stress, psychological health (overall mood and depressive symptoms), and health behavior (as indicated by reported diet and exercise quality). The authors used structural equation modeling to evaluate the relationships between variables and test the model. Results supported the PBBW model, and findings suggested that psychological health and stress affected body weight. Furthermore the effect of psychological health on body weight was mediated by health behaviors.
A Simple and Disposable Sampler for Inhalable Aerosol

The state-of-the-art for personal sampling for inhalable aerosol hazards is constrained by issues of sampler cost and complexity; these issues have limited the adoption and use of some samplers by practicing hygienists. Thus, despite the known health effects of inhalable aerosol hazards, personal exposures are routinely assessed for only a small fraction of the at-risk workforce. To address the limitations of current technologies for inhalable aerosol sampling, a disposable inhalable aerosol sampler was developed and evaluated in the laboratory. The new sampler is designed to be less expensive and simpler to use than existing technologies. The sampler incorporates a lightweight internal capsule fused to the sampling filter. This capsule-filter assembly allows for the inclusion of particles deposited on the internal walls and inlet, thus minimizing the need to wash or wipe the interior sampling cassette when conducting gravimetric analyses. Sampling efficiency and wall losses were tested in a low-velocity wind tunnel with particles ranging from 9.5 to 89.5 μm. The results were compared to the proposed low-velocity inhalability criterion as well as published data on the IOM sampler. Filter weight stability and time-to-equilibrium were evaluated as these factors affect the practicality of a design. Preliminary testing of the new sampler showed good agreement with both the IOM and the proposed low-velocity inhalability curve. The capsule and filter assemblies reached equilibrium within 25h of manufacturing when conditioned at elevated temperatures. After reaching equilibrium, the capsule-filter assemblies were stable within 0.01mg.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LOCAL PERMEABILITIES IN FIBROUS NETWORKS

The shape of a developing radial fluid boundary in the plane of a fabric is a reflection of the structure of the fabric. Homogeneous fabrics, with permeabilities independent of position, yield circular or elliptical flow fronts, depending on the existence of a universally preferred flow direction. Heterogeneous networks yield flow fronts that deviate from this elliptical shape due to spatial variations in permeability. The time-dependent development of the fluid front that occurs when liquid flows radially in the plane of a fabric may be analyzed using Darcy's law to calculate local fabric permeabilities. The resulting spatial distribution of permeabilities is representative of the spatial heterogeneity of the fabric structure. Sample permeability distributions of geotextile fabrics are discussed.
Water Transport across the Voltage Sensor of Shaker K-Channels during Activation

Voltage gated K-channels are formed by two well defined domains: the Pore Domain (PD), which is responsible for the K+ ions conduction process, and the Voltage Sensor Domain (VSD), which sense the transmembrane potential due to the presence of several charged moieties. VSD moves upon activation such that ∼4 net positive charges translocate across the membrane. The molecular details of such movement have been subject of intense controversy. We asked if part of the charges is hydrated at the resting and activated states, and if they change their hydration status during voltage activation. We measured the gating currents of a constitutively closed Shaker-V478W in macro patches of Xenopus oocytes in the presence of internal, external, or symmetric 2M Sucrose to reduce the water availability for eventual VSD hydration. We also determined the number of gating charges coupled to pore opening by measuring the channel open probability at negative potentials in the presence of 2M sucrose. Our results are consistent with the idea that some charged residues are hydrated when exposed to the cytosol at resting, dehydrate before translocation and rehydrate externally in the activated conformation. Sucrose also decreases the effective valence to ∼8e0. These suggest that water plays important roles in channel gating; i) by shaping the energetic landscape for VSD activation and ii) tuning the VSD/PD electromechanical coupling in voltage gated K-channels.ID-F is a MECESUP Fellow. We thank to Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio (P09-022-F) and Fondecyt 1120819.
Effects of Simulated X-Ray Lithography Exposures On Submicron-Channel Mosfets

Investigations of submicron-channel-length n- and p-channel MOSFETs subjected to channel hot-carrier stressing were performed, comparing the reliability of devices with and without exposure to simulated x-ray lithography processing steps. No significant differences were observed between the sample groups.
Undiverting the Ileal Conduit

AbstractThe experience described herein reinforces the belief that it is worthwhile to consider undiversion of the urinary tract in any patient in whom the indication for diversion initially was, upon reexamination, questionable. In children the optimum time for this appears to be as the candidate approaches adolescence, since by then he has outgrown most of the incoordination of childhood and is likely to be highly motivated toward the idea of being freed from the external appliance. Evaluation of such patients requires consideration of many factors but the best guide to bladder potential is probably provided by the placement of a suprapubic catheter followed by bladder filling and voiding exercises. Finally, a careful analysis of the anatomy of the urinary tract is essential if the operation is to be undertaken safely and effectively. None of these steps is easy but the potential rewards are so great as to make them well worth the effort expended.
Factors influencing mercury accumulation in three species of forage fish from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA

Most studies that have examined mercury (Hg) contamination of fish have focused on game species feeding near the top of the food web, while studies that examine forage fish that feed near the base of the food web are rare. We conducted a survey of Hg contamination in three species of forage fish, brook silverside (Labidesthes sicculus), threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA and found species-specific differences in Hg concentrations. We examined total length, age, trophic position (determined using δ 15 N), and growth rate of forage fish as factors that could have influenced within- and between-species differences in Hg concentration. Total length and age were the best predictors of within-species differences in Hg concentration. Between-species differences in Hg concentrations were most strongly influenced by trophic position.
Mobility modeling of mobile users

Accurate modeling of the movement of mobile users is important for the design and operation of mobile systems, because (1) user mobility model can reproduce movement in simulating a mobile system for performance evaluation, (2) accurate knowledge on user movement can help researchers develop and improve location-/movement-aware applications, and (3) it can help us efficiently manage and optimize existing mobile networks in service. However, tracking real people for modeling is very hard due to privacy, cost, and technical concerns. While many random models have been constructed based on simple heuristics, they may or may not represent real movement of mobile: users. With this motivation, this thesis focuses on the realistic modeling of user mobility. We first take on a very widely used synthetic random mobility model, and show that the way it has been commonly used is fundamentally flawed. The problem is attributed to the non-stationarity of the model, which leads to misleading and unreliable results. We analyze the origin of the problem and present a general framework within which stationary versions of these mobility models may be constructed in a systematic way. We then turn our attention to trace data of real mobile users. Using the coarse-grained association logs of mobile users in a campus-wide wireless network at Dartmouth College, we propose a methodology to generate a mobility model that is realistic, site-dependent, tailored to a specific time period, and easily updatable. The resulting model is evaluated against real measurements of pedestrians at intersections on campus. Continuing to work with real movement data, we turn to more fine-grained GPS trace data collected from moving vehicles to identify traffic status. Using spatial/temporal traffic features from GPS data and our unique threshold-based clustering algorithm, we show how identification of current traffic condition and anomaly detection can be done. The evaluation with two different trace sets shows that higher than 90% of accuracy can be achieved after short system training. Moreover, we show that traffic patterns on roads are highly consistent over time that we can use more data of a longer history for higher accuracy.
Oxygen transport to exercising leg in chronic hypoxia.

Residence at high altitude could be accompanied by adaptations that alter the mechanisms of O2 delivery to exercising muscle. Seven sea level resident males, aged 22 +/- 1 yr, performed moderate to...
MRI in Athetotic Cerebral Palsy

The MRI in 22 children with athetotic cerebral palsy was studied in the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Seirei-Mikatabara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, the Department of Pediatrics, National Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children, Tokyo, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan.
Meetings for Clinical Investigation—isolation Or Integration? *

There is no shortage of meetings, large or small, in biology and medicine. Yet for research groups within clinical departments or for the clinical investigator a unique hiatus exists. An investigator in one specialty cannot meet simultaneously with investigators in other specialties. Before anyone objects to this statement, let me elaborate. The basic subjects in the life sciences-for example, biochemistry, physiology, immunology, pharmacology, experimental pathology, and nutrition -are represented at a very large annual meeting held under an affiliation entitled Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. This meeting, made up of six independent societies, is criticized routinely for its hugeness-some 21,000 biologists attended the 1968 meeting in Atlantic City this spring. But the numerous advantages of such a meeting far outweigh the one disadvantage of size. People with mutual interests can get together once a year. Symposia are held, research papers presented, technical exhibits shown; and there is a placement center. For those at the other end of the spectrum in the life sciences, namely, practioners of medicine, an analogous meeting is held each year by the AMA. Again the disadvantage of the large attendance at the meeting, about 15,000 is offset by the numerous advantages made possible when clinicians from several branches of medicine are able to meet on a common ground. Most groups-basic scientists, clinical investigators and clinicians-have small specialized meetings or discussion groups throughout the year.
El movimiento estudiantil mexicano de 1968 en clave latinoamericana: aproximación a las nociones de educación y transformación social

Este articulo analiza el movimiento estudiantil mexicano de 1968 y, mas puntualmente, las diferentes valoraciones que tenian los manifestantes sobre el papel de la educacion en la transformacion so...
Investigation of cyclic hysteresis energy in fatigue failure process

Abstract The cyclic hysteresis energy of four kinds of steel was analysed using fully reversed constant-strain-controlled fatigue tests. Mathematical formulae for the cyclic hysteresis energy of the materials, which have different cyclic properties, are proposed. Because of the experimental and theoretical relations of cyclic hysteresis energy and the total absorbed energy to failure versus fatigue failure life, it is considered that part of the hysteresis energy is absorbed through heating, vibration and non-propagating defects during the process of fatigue life. The total absorbed energy to failure is associated with the variation of cyclic hysteresis energy.
The Recrystallization Behavior of Unalloyed Mg and a Mg-Al Alloy

The static recrystallization behavior of pure Mg and Mg-4Al was characterized over a range of annealing temperatures. The electron backscatter diffraction grain orientation spread technique was used to quantify the level of recrystallization at various annealing times. Recrystallization kinetics were characterized using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) relationship and it was found that two sequential annealing stages exist. Stage 1 involves heterogeneous nucleation of recrystallization in regions with a high stored energy, including twins and grain boundaries, and can be represented by an Avrami exponent of n1 ranging from 0.35 to 0.6. During Stage 2, recrystallization occurred predominately in the interior of deformed grains with incomplete recrystallization generally observed even at annealing times in excess of two weeks. The second recrystallization stage exhibited a much lower Avrami exponent, n2, ranging from 0.02 to 0.2. Increasing the starting grain size in the pure Mg condition led to a significant delay in recrystallization. The addition of Al had a minimal effect on the recrystallization kinetics of Mg.
1706 Military medicine

Aim of special session Outline the development of the Military Medicine specialty, and describe the Irish Naval Service experience of the refugee crisis operations. The Special Session on Military Medicine will be comprised of two parts. The first presentation will outline how the new specialty of Military Medicine has been developed in Ireland, and give details on the modules, competencies and learning outcomes of the specialist training programme. The second presentation will provide an insight into the experiences of the Irish Naval Service involved in the ongoing operational deployment to assist in the Mediterranean refugee crisis, and look at some of the occupational medicine implications of this deployment. Presenters: 1 Lt Col Dr John Paul Hickey, 2 Lt Cdr Anthony Geraghty 1 Faculty of Military Medicine of Ireland (FMMI), Dublin, Ireland 2 Naval Service Defence Forces Ireland, Cork, Ireland
Study of Liquid Breakup Mechanism for Application of Solid Rocket Propulsion

Aluminum-based solid fuel is widely used in solid rocket propulsion system. During combustion, the solid fuel transforms into liquid status oxidant and agglomerate into droplets which impinge to the inner wall of solid rocket motor (SRM) nozzle and result in erosion problem. When a droplet breaks up into smaller size droplet results in less inertia which has a higher chance to following the exhaust gas stream instead of impinging to the inner wall of the nozzle. In this study, the liquid breakup is achieved by changing the fluid property of surface tension. The result of a liquid breakup is obtained using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of large eddy simulations (LES) and compared with experiment. The result presents the reduction of droplet size by changing the liquid surface tension. The mechanism of droplet breakup is discussed which is found to be due to the lower Laplace pressure or droplet bounding pressure lead to the lower surface tension of the liquid.
Radio frequency (RF)/dielectric welding of medical plastics

Abstract: A technical review of radio frequency (RF)/dielectric welding/sealing for medical plastics is presented in this chapter. The fundamentals of the dielectric heating mechanism are explained followed by a description of the dielectric sealing process and process parameters. Key factors affecting the sealing process and seal quality are discussed based on practical industrial applications. Selection of medical plastics for RF sealing applications is covered under the weldability discussion. The chapter also discusses some unique testing approaches for the RF sealing process. Finally, the overall advantages and limitations of the RF sealing process are discussed, and the chapter concludes with an overview.
Morgens: More QTIP Mischief

In Morgens, the court ruled in favor of the government that section 2035(b) applied to the gift taxes paid by the qualified terminable interest property (QTIP) trust beneficiaries to gross up the widow’s estate by that amount. Because the surviving (or donee) spouse must be taxed on the underlying property over which she has no ownership rights, Congress enacted section 2207A to allow the second spouse to recover from the beneficiaries of the property the transfer taxes relating to her gift or estate inclusion. However, the court held that section 2207A did not shift the gift tax liability to those beneficiaries to exempt the widow’s estate from the application of section 2035(b).
Juvenile Pleistocene tapir skull from Russells Reserve Cave, Bath County, Virginia: Implications for cold climate adaptations

Abstract A crushed, partial skull of a juvenile tapir was found with isolated post cranial elements and other fauna in Russells Reserve Cave (RRC), Bath County, Virginia. The cranium is undated but more than likely of late Pleistocene age. It possesses a complete deciduous premolar series and first permanent molars. The M2s have not yet erupted but are visible in the crypt. The RRC specimen is slightly older, ontogenetically, than the type specimen of Tapirus excelsus Simpson (= T. vereoensis) which is probably one of the youngest specimens known. Based upon cranial characters, primarily the lack of a dorsal flange on the maxilla, presence of an interparietal bone, anteriorly ascending cheek tooth row, and lack of sagittal crest, the RRC specimen is referred to the extinct species, Tapirus vereoensis. The sizes of the teeth and morphology of P1 and P2 of the RRC specimen are also consistent with an assignment to T. veroensis. Tapirus pinchaque, the modern woolly tapir, is adapted to cold Andean environments; cladistics and paleoecological studies suggest that cold adaptation may have evolved a second time in T. veroensis.
Short-Term Outcomes of Tracheal Resection in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database.

Background Tracheal surgery is uncommon, and most of the published literature consists of single-center series over large periods. Our goal was to perform a national, contemporary analysis to identify predictors of major morbidity and mortality based on indication and surgical approach. Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database (STS GTSD) was queried for all patients undergoing tracheal resection between 2002 and 2016. We identified 1,617 cases and compared outcomes by indication and approach. We created a multivariable model for a combined end point of mortality or major morbidity. The relationship between volume and outcome was analyzed. Results The cervical approach was used 81% of the time, and benign disease was the indication in 75% of cases. Overall 30-day mortality was 1%, and no significant difference was found between the cervical and thoracic approach (1.1% versus 1.6%, p = 0.57) or between benign and malignant indications (1.1% versus 1.5%, p = 0.61). Independent factors associated with morbidity or mortality included thoracic approach, diabetes, and functional status. Centers were divided into those averaging fewer than four resections per year and those performing at least four per year. The low volume ( Conclusions STS GTSD participants perform tracheal resection for benign and malignant disease with low early morbidity and mortality. Higher operative volume is associated with improved outcome. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm airway stability and rate of reoperation.
Lead removal from aqueous solutions using biochars derived from corn stover, orange peel, and pistachio shell

Biochar has been viewed as a cost-effective adsorptive material for heavy metals in water. In the present study, a total of nine different biochars synthesized from three different biomass types were studied: corn stover, organic peel, and pistachio shell at three pyrolysis temperatures (300, 450, and 600 °C). The efficiency of lead ion (Pb2+) removal by the biochars was investigated through batch adsorption experiments in parallel with physicochemical characterization of the biochars. Single-point Pb2+ adsorption at 10 mg L−1 showed that high-temperature corn stover biochar at 600 °C and low-temperature orange peel biochar at 300 °C performed the best in the Pb2+ removal (> 94%). Pistachio shell biochars were relatively poor at removing aqueous Pb2+ (20–35%). The efficiency of the Pb2+ removal increased with increasing pH (2–6) until a maximum adsorption of Pb2+ was observed at pH 6. Adsorption isotherms for Pb2+ were conducted using the best-performing biochars per biomass based on the single-point adsorption results. All isotherms were best described by the Langmuir model, and the Pb2+ sorption capacities were 25,000 mg kg−1 for corn stover biochar at 600 °C, 11,111 mg kg−1 for orange peel biochar at 300 °C, and 2500 mg kg−1 for pistachio shell at 600 °C. The physicochemical properties of biochars indicated that oxygen-containing functional groups and specific surface area were major parameters affecting aqueous Pb2+ removal. This study highlights that biomass type and pyrolysis temperature as well as solution pH are important in affecting the adsorption efficiency of Pb2+ from aqueous solution.
Optimum Nitrogen Fertilization for Production of Containerized Raphiolepis × delacourii ‘Snow White’

Abstract Rooted stem cuttings of ‘Snow White’ raphiolepis (Raphiolepis × delacourii Andre ‘Snow White’) were grown in 3.8-liter (#1) black plastic containers containing a pine bark:sand (8:1, by vo...
Comparison of Residual Shunt Rate and Complications across 6 Different Closure Devices for Patent Foramen Ovale

Objectives To compare residual shunt rate and complications associated with six different devices used for PFO closure. Background Transcutaneous PFO closure is an effective treatment for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with a history of cryptogenic stroke. The rate of residual shunt is one metric by which the technical success of PFO closure can be measured. Methods Patients who underwent PFO closure at a single center between February 2001 and July 2019 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Right-to-left shunt at baseline and during follow-up was assessed using transcranial Doppler (TCD) or transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Periprocedural and device-related complications, including atrial fibrillation, were also assessed. Results Of 467 PFO closures performed during this period, 320 patients received quantitative assessment of right-to-left shunting both before and after percutaneous closure. The highest effective closure was achieved with the Cardioform device (100%, n = 104), followed by the Amplatzer Cribriform (93%, n = 14), Helex (90%, n = 137), Amplatzer ASO (88%, n = 17), CardioSEAL (86%, n = 14), and Amplatzer PFO (85%, n = 33) devices. The most common significant adverse event was atrial fibrillation, which was more common with the Cardioform device (13%) than the Helex (4%) or the Amplatzer PFO (4%) devices. Conclusions The Gore Cardioform Septal Occluder provides more robust closure of a PFO when compared to other devices but its effectiveness is offset by the higher prevalence of transient atrial fibrillation.