cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fracture Stress as Related to Flaw and Fracture Mirror Sizes

Fractographically observed critical-flaw boundaries in strength-tested specimens of 2 polycrystalline ceramics were used in calculating critical stress-intensity factors (KIC)- Each ceramic exhibited a KIC which had little or no dependence on critical-flaw characteristics and which agreed with the value obtained from independent determinations on artificially precracked specimens. Analyses both of fracture-mirror sizes and of water-enhanced subcritical crack growth data supported the evidence that K1C is a material constant. The fracture-mirror analysis further indicated that the parameter A/KIC, where A is the fracture-mirror constant, is a dimensionless, material-independent constant.
Atrial fibrillation ablation using open-irrigated tip radiofrequency: experience with intraprocedural activated clotting times ≤210 seconds.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures generally use intraprocedural activated clotting time (ACT) of >300–350 seconds to prevent thromboembolic events. Objective To evaluate bleeding and thromboembolic procedural complications in patients with symptomatic AF undergoing ablation procedures with low intraprocedural ACT. Methods We examined a subset of 372 of 2334 (15.9%) AF ablation procedures using open-irrigated tip radiofrequency catheters at 50 W, interrupted oral anticoagulation, and a target ACT of 225 seconds, with average ACT ≤210 seconds. Results There were 372 ablation procedures in 339 patients with average ACT ≤210 seconds. Patient demographic characteristics were as follows: age 60.9 ± 9.4 years, men 269 (79.3%), left atrial (LA) size 4.27 ± 0.65 cm, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack 24 (7.1%), CHADS 2 score 0.94 ± 0.98, and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score 1.53 ± 1.35. AF type was categorized as paroxysmal in 107 (31.6%), persistent in 200 (59.0%), and long-standing persistent in 32 (9.4%). Procedural and LA times were 119 ± 26 and 82 ± 24 minutes. Patients underwent preprocedure transesophageal echocardiography. The heparin bolus (8738 ± 2823 units, 93.4 mg/kg) was given after LA access, and the maintenance infusion was 1000 units/hour via a single transseptal sheath with subsequent adjustments based on ACT values. The average ACT was 202 ± 7.5 seconds per procedure, with 116 patients with average ACT Conclusion Using open-irrigated tip radiofrequency catheters at 50 W and preablation transesophageal echocardiography as well as infusing maintenance heparin through a single transseptal sheath, AF ablation can be performed safely despite ACT averaging ≤210 seconds. While we are not advocating target ACTs this low, our data suggest that long ACTs may not be absolutely necessary for preventing thromboembolic events. Lower target ACTs may potentially reduce bleeding complications.
NPY ablation in C57BL/6 mice leads to mild obesity and to an impaired refeeding response to fasting.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) peptide that plays an important role in regulating energy balance. When administered directly into the central nervous system, animals e...
Tracking Multiple Occluding People by Localizing on Multiple Scene Planes

Occlusion and lack of visibility in crowded and cluttered scenes make it difficult to track individual people correctly and consistently, particularly in a single view. We present a multi-view approach to solving this problem. In our approach we neither detect nor track objects from any single camera or camera pair; rather evidence is gathered from all the cameras into a synergistic framework and detection and tracking results are propagated back to each view. Unlike other multi-view approaches that require fully calibrated views our approach is purely image-based and uses only 2D constructs. To this end we develop a planar homographic occupancy constraint that fuses foreground likelihood information from multiple views, to resolve occlusions and localize people on a reference scene plane. For greater robustness this process is extended to multiple planes parallel to the reference plane in the framework of plane to plane homologies. Our fusion methodology also models scene clutter using the Schmieder and Weathersby clutter measure, which acts as a confidence prior, to assign higher fusion weight to views with lesser clutter. Detection and tracking are performed simultaneously by graph cuts segmentation of tracks in the space-time occupancy likelihood data. Experimental results with detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis, are demonstrated in challenging multi-view, crowded scenes.
Exploring Antecedents and Consequences of Consumer Creativity in a Problem-Solving Context

Creativity is an underresearched topic in consumer behavior, yet integral in many instances of consumer problem solving. Two experiments were conducted to investigate antecedents and consequences of creativity in a consumption context. The results indicate that both situational factors (i.e., time constraints, situational involvement) and person factors (i.e., locus of control, metaphoric thinking ability) affect creative consumption and that some of these variables have interactive influences. The results also show that acting creatively enhances positive affect.
Chronic Sympathetic Innervation of Islets in Transgenic Mice Results in Differential Desensitization of α-Adrenergic Inhibition of Insulin Secretion

The effects of chronic sympathetic hyperinnervation on pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion were investigated utilizing the in vitro perfused pancreas from transgenic mice. These mice exhibit islet hyperinnervation of sympathetic neurons resulting from overexpression of nerve growth factor in their β-cells (1). The goal was to determine whether sympathetic hyperinnervation increased classic α-adrenergic inhibition of β-cell insulin secretion or, in contrast, down-regulated β-cell sensitivity to adrenergic input resulting in enhanced insulin secretion.
Catalytic Transformation of Biomass in Ionic Liquids

This chapter focuses on a number of developing technologies based on catalytic transformations of biomass in ionic liquids. As an introduction, an overview of biomass and ionic liquids is given. The chapter continues with a description of catalysis of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in ionic liquids, covering saccharification, depolymerization, isomerization, dehydration into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and further processing. The derivatization of mono- and polysaccharides is also discussed. Because fermentation of biomass is an important technology that is widely used and continuing to grow, a section is devoted to the use of ionic liquids in pretreatment of biomass for saccharification and fermentation into ethanol. Extraction and depolymerization of lignin model compounds and the whole lignin polymer in ionic liquids are discussed both for pretreatment and use of lignin fragments as a source of fuel and chemicals. A discussion of deoxygenation and hydrogenation of lignin fragments is also given, followed by a concluding section outlining the advantages, challenges, and prospects for catalytic processing of biomass in ionic liquids.
Vocal Control: Is It Susceptible to the Negative Effects of Self-Regulatory Depletion?

Summary Objectives Self-regulation (SR) relies on the capacity to modify behavior. This capacity may diminish with use and result in self-regulatory depletion (SRD), or the reduced ability to engage in future SR efforts. If the SRD effect applies to vocal behavior, it may hinder success during behavioral voice treatment. Thus, this proof-of-concept study sought to determine whether SRD affects vocal behavior change and if so, whether it can be repaired by an intervention meant to replete SR resources. Methods One hundred four women without voice disorders were randomized into groups that performed either (1) a high-SR writing task followed by a high-SR voice task; (2) a low-SR writing task followed by a high-SR voice task; or (3) a high-SR writing task followed by a relaxation intervention and a high-SR voice task. The high-SR voice tasks in all groups involved suppression of the Lombard effect during reading and free speech. Results The low-SR group suppressed the Lombard effect to a greater extent than the high-SR group and high-SR-plus-relaxation group on the free speech task. There were no significant group differences on the reading task. Conclusions Findings suggest that SRD may present challenges to vocal behavior modification during free speech but not reading. Furthermore, relaxation did not significantly replete self-regulatory resources for vocal modification during free speech. Findings may highlight potential considerations for voice treatment and assessment and support the need for future research focusing on effective methods to test self-regulatory capacity and replete self-regulatory resources in voice patients.
Magnetron Sputtering for Low-temperature Deposition of CdTe-based Photovoltaics

Although the deposition over large areas of polycrystalline thin-film semiconductors such as CdTe is possible by a variety of methods including close spaced sublimation, vapor transport deposition, physical vapor deposition, organometallic chemical vapor deposition, and electrodeposition, the use of a plasma-based method such as magnetron sputtering can have significant advantages. In this paper I review recent results from our group in the fabrication of CdS/CdTe cells using rf magnetron sputtering and discuss some of the advantages that appear possible from the use of sputtering methods in this class of materials. Some of these advantages are particularly relevant as the polycrystalline thin-film community address issues related to the challenges of fabricating high efficiency tandem cells with efficiencies over 25%. Recently we have achieved: improvements in sputtered cell performance with cells based on commercial SnO2:F as well as on substrates with our own sputtered ZnO:Al, progress in the use of reactive sputtering for the deposition of oxygen alloys of CdS and N-doped layers of ZnTe, and progress in the sputtering of wider and narrower bandgap alloys of CdTe with Zn, Mn, and Hg. Details of the sputtering process and some of the recent achievements are discussed below.
Trolley Problems, Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Investigations: Some Ethical Parallels

Since the late 1960s, the ethics thought experiment known as the trolley problem has occupied the minds of philosophers, cognitive scientists, psychologists and neuroethicists. A runaway trolley car is coming down the track. Five people are tied to a stretch a hundred feet away. A single person waits on the side track, where an observant bystander can easily switch the trolley car, thereby saving five people but sacrificing the one. Should the bystander sacrifice one to save five, let five die to save one or do absolutely nothing? A related question is whether there are analogues to the trolley car thought experiment in real life, outside of the laboratories of cognitive scientists, the hypothetical inquiries of armchair ethicists and the imaginations of clever academicians. In this paper, I argue that the policy decision to lower barriers to battered women securing protective orders against their abusers, while preserving the high barriers needed to prove cases of child abuse, is analogous to a trolley car problem. Erring on the side of protecting a woman’s safety is obviously a good thing. Erring on the side of protecting a child’s safety would be a similarly good policy. While the liberal issuance of protective orders in domestic abuse cases has confirmed the former judgment, the latter has not been affirmed, as evidenced by the difficulty of proving child abuse allegations and thereby removing a child from the custody of an alleged abuser. So what justifies the difference? Do women’s lives have greater worth than children’s? The unfortunate implication is that a battered adult female's well-being counts for more under the law than an abused child’s well-being. I suggest several reasons for the differential treatment of women and children in abuse cases. Most of these faulty reasons can be traced back to a single root assumption: Children are still their custodial parents’ chattels, while women are no longer the legal property of men.
Mathematical modeling and validation of growth of Salmonella Enteritidis and background microorganisms in potato salad – One-step kinetic analysis and model development☆

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in potato salad caused by cross-contamination and temperature abuse, and develop mathematical models to predict its growth. The growth of SE was investigated under constant temperature conditions (8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 37 °C) to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth rates and lag times. Duplicated experiments were conducted. The data set from one replicate was used to develop kinetic models and determine kinetic parameters. The data from the other replicate served as an independent data set for model validation. The growth of background microorganism (BK) was also examined. One-step kinetic analysis method was used to directly construct both primary (Huang) and secondary (Ratkowsky square-root) models. Nonlinear regression was used to minimize the global residual sum of squares (RSS) for SE and BK. The results showed that both primary and secondary models can be used to analyze the growth curves, with the kinetic parameters closely matching the characteristics of SE and BK. The validation results showed that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was only 0.40 Log CFU/g for SE and 0.66 Log CFU/g for BK, with the residual errors of predictions following Laplace and logistic distributions, respectively. This study showed that one-step kinetic analysis is a useful and efficient method for analyzing the entire data set to directly construct primary and secondary growth models and determine kinetic parameters. Since the models are validated, they can be used to predict the growth of SE and conduct risk assessment, and to predict the microbiological shelf-life of potato salad.
The neuro-image: a Deleuzian film-philosophy of digital screen culture

Patricia Pisters, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2012, 370 pp, £25.50, ISBN 978-0-8047-8136-7 ‘Madness is like gravity’, says the Joker, played by Heath Ledger, in Christopher Nolan's 2008 Ba...
Does the obesity paradox apply to early postoperative complications after hip surgery? A retrospective chart review

Abstract Background There is evidence that very obese patients (body mass index [BMI] >40 kg/m 2 ) undergoing hip replacement have longer average hospital stays, as well as higher rates of complications and readmission compared with patients with normal BMI. However, there are sparse data describing how overweight and obese patients fare in the period immediately after hip replacement surgery compared with patients with low or normal BMI. In this study, we sought to explore the association of BMI with the rate of early postoperative complications in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Methods A proprietary hospital software program, Clinical Looking Glass was used to query the Montefiore Medical Center database and create a list of patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 81.51 (hip replacement) from the period of January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012. The medical records of patients with length of stay 5 or more days were reviewed to evaluate the reason for the extended stay. The primary outcome studied was the association between BMI and occurrence of early complications in patients who had undergone total hip replacement surgery. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association of BMI and early postoperative complications. Results Of the 802 patients undergoing hip replacement surgery within our time frame, 142 patient medical records were reviewed due to their length of stay of ≥5 days. Overall complication rate in the analyzed patients demonstrated a J-curve distribution pattern, with the highest morbidity being 23.5% in the underweight group, the second highest in the normal-weight group (17.3%), and decreasing to nadir in the overweight (8.0%) and obese class I (10.0%) and then higher again in classes II (14.3%) and III (16.7%). Adjusted ORs demonstrated the same J distribution pattern similar to the pattern observed in the univariate analysis. Of the variables studied, Charlson score (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2; P = .03), diagnosis of hip fracture (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.8-9.8; P = .01), normal weight (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8; P = .04), and obese class III (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-6.3; P = .04) were the factors associated with the highest odds of early complications after hip replacement surgery. Conclusions In this retrospective review of hip replacement surgery patients, BMI classification was a predictor of early postoperative complications. Although the exact underlying mechanisms are still not clear, these results are consistent with the obesity paradox, in which obesity or its correlates provide some form of protection.
Multiyear Evaluation of the Effects of Nosema locustae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) on Rangeland Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Population Density and Natural Biological Controls

A 3-yr evaluation of the biological control agent Nosema locustae Canning on grasshoppers was conducted on the National Wildlife Refuge at Maxwell, NM. Six O.1-ha plots were treated with the microsporidian in 1988; grasshopper densities were monitored in treatment and control plots through 1990. In 1988, there was a significant time-by-treatment interaction; grasshopper densities were significantly reduced for several weeks, with as much as 50% reduction by the end the season. Infections were highest 6 to 8 wk after treatment. Infection rates differed significantly across developmental stages and subfamilies. Melanoplinae were most heavily infected and suffered the greatest rate of mortality. Three additional orthopteran species were added to the host range of N. locustae . In the treated plots, in 1988, bird densities were significantly higher, and the parasitic wasp Scelio opacus (Provancher) was significantly more frequent in egg pods. Spores of N. loeustae were present in unhatched eggs and early instar nymphs, but no spores were observed on egg pods or foam plugs. In June of 1989, density of the treated population was similar to that of the controls, but from mid-July through mid-August the population density was significantly lower in the treated plots. Based on infection and demographic data, this second-year population suppression seems to have been the result of N.loeustae . In 1990, treated and control populations did not differ significantly, and both were reduced below the standard treatment threshold of 9.6 grasshoppers per square meter.
Retrospect and Prospect of the Studies of Time Management Disposition

The study of Time Management has always been the hotspot for the psychologists both at home and abroad.Since 1990s,Chinese psychological researchers have proposed the concept of Time Management Disposition and undertaken many studies from different aspects.This article reviews the concept of Time Management Disposition and its relative psychological variables.On this basis,the author foresees the research prospects of its future.
Application of advantage angle stack data to seismic interpretation of complicated fault oil field

Using high-resolution data obtained by advantage angle stack,the authors recognize the restraining barrier of the complicated fault oil field reservoir,and carry on the generalized elastic impedance inversion combined with the sensitive angles. The connectivity of the complicated fault oil field reservoir is complicated. Due to effects of the seismic signal propagation,processing and other factors,the quality and waveform characteristics of the large-angle data of the pre-stack gather often change greatly. The full stack seismic data are interfered by the large-angle data. This is not favorable for the seismic characteristics analysis and reservoir prediction. To this end,by the pre-stack offset gather quality analysis and using the relationship between the angle of incidence and offset,the authors get the information of the angle of incidence,and complete the advantage angle stack by effectively use of the best imaging angle range of the target layer. The data of the advantage angle stack which overcome effects of the large-angle data have higher resolution and can recognize the restraining barrier of the reservoir. The results of the generalized elastic impedance inversion by combining the advantage angle with the sensitive angle can effectively predict the distribution of sand bodies.
X marks the spot: Creating and managing a single service point to improve customer service and maximize resources

ABSTRACTThis article will describe how merging service points in an academic library is an opportunity to improve customer service and utilize staffing resources more efficiently. Combining service points provides libraries with the ability to create a more positive library experience for patrons by minimizing the ping-pong effect for assistance. The Access Services Department at the University of North Texas Libraries was charged with management of the circulation and reference services offered at the service desk. Streamlined planning and modernized management of the desk and its impact on customer service in a changing library environment will be discussed.
Tibial Bone Grafting for Wrist Reconstruction.

Background Iliac crest bone graft harvesting is routinely performed for upper extremity orthopedic procedures despite high complication rates associated with sensory nerve injury, hematoma, chronic pain, and fracture. Description of Technique Cancellous bone graft is harvested from the proximal tibia using a medial approach, minimizing donor site morbidity. Patients and Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of 14 patients who underwent cancellous proximal tibia bone graft harvesting to augment healing of wrist reconstruction, with 2 months minimum follow-up. We report donor limb tourniquet time, time to union, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, and complications. Patients were also contacted by phone to administer a retrospective questionnaire and record experiences with the harvesting technique. Results Average donor site VAS for the immediate postoperative period was 7.4. Average tourniquet time was 28 minutes. Average time to union of the recipient site was 45 days. One patient experienced delayed union after corrective osteotomy, attributed to osteoporosis. Two patients underwent hardware removal from the operative wrist, unrelated to bone graft harvesting. One patient with a history of chronic neuropathy and foot drop developed dysesthesia and allodynia about the ipsilateral ankle, but was asymptomatic at the proximal tibia donor site; ankle symptoms resolved 3 weeks postoperatively. No patient reported any residual donor site difficulties 24.2 months postoperatively. Conclusion In consideration of the minimal complication rate, favorable clinical parameters, and excellent patient tolerance, we advocate proximal tibia bone graft harvesting as opposed to iliac crest harvesting for wrist reconstruction when a moderate amount of autogenous cancellous graft is needed. Level of Evidence IV.
Megan Terry: Mother of American Feminist Drama

Since the early sixties Megan Terry has been a sustaining force in feminist drama, nurturing other American women playwrights and continually extending the reaches of her own plays. Captivated by theatre from the age of fourteen, Terry, now in her early fifties, has written more than fifty dramas most of which have been both produced and published. Reviewers whose attention is fixed on New York commercial successes tend to ignore Terry’s work, but she has received public recognition and support over the last twenty years from numerous foundations and government offices. As playwright in residence of the Omaha Magic Theatre since 1970, she has, with the Magic Theatre’s artistic director and founder Jo Ann Schmidman, been able to sustain one of America’s most innovative theatres for more than fourteen years.
Photoelectrochemical characterization of p-type CH 3 NH 3 PM 3 perovskite

Organometallic halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention for solar applications. In addition to traditional solid-state photovoltaic device, the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC), which produces a photovoltage at a semiconductor/liquid junction, is also attractive due to its simple cell structure and has been an efficient method for characterizing the quality of photoactive materials. However, CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl) perovskites are moisture-sensitive and can be dissolved in most common organic solvents, so a suitable organic solvent is needed. Here in this work, we identify and characterize the appropriate organic solvents for MeNH3PbI3 perovskites that enable both fundamental studies and an operating PEC solar cell.
Remobilization Dynamics of Caffeine, Ciprofloxacin, and Propranolol following Evaporation-Induced Immobilization in Porous Media.

Changing weather conditions can cause cycles of wetting and drying in the unsaturated zone. When porewater evaporates, any nonvolatile solutes present in the pores will be driven to adsorb and ultimately precipitate on solid surfaces. When media are subsequently resaturated through rainfall infiltration, the remobilization of solutes likely depends on both the hydraulics of resaturation and the dynamics of dissolution processes. The focus of this work was to study the dynamics of remobilization of three different emerging contaminants (caffeine, ciprofloxacin, and propranolol) and two model compounds (fluorescein and sulforhodamine B) from porous media following evaporation of porewater. Remobilization column experiments were conducted to study this phenomenon and were evaluated using a finite difference model developed to simulate the adsorption–desorption dynamics during resaturation and elution. Results indicate that dissolution dynamics become increasingly important with increasing adsorption affinity...
Is Augmented Reality Technology an Effective Tool for E-commerce? An Interactivity and Vividness Perspective

Abstract This study evaluates the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) as an e-commerce tool using two products — sunglasses and watches. Study 1 explores the effectiveness of AR by comparing it to a conventional website. The results show that AR provides effective communication benefits by generating greater novelty, immersion, enjoyment, and usefulness, resulting in positive attitudes toward medium and purchase intention, compared to the web-based product presentations. Study 2 compares the paths by which consumers evaluate products through AR versus web with a focus on interactivity and vividness. It is revealed that immersion mediates the relationship between interactivity/vividness and two outcome variables — usefulness and enjoyment in the AR condition compared to the web condition where no significant paths between interactivity and immersion and between previous media experience and media novelty are found. Participants' subjective opinions about AR are examined through opinion mining to better understand consumer responses to AR.
E-Voting Technologies Usability: A Critical Element for Enabling Successful Elections

The focus of this paper is to examine electronic voting technologies from the perspective of usability in controlled environments. Voting has been an accepted means for electing candidates, receiving public approval for referendums and budgets, and for many other tasks where the will of the people, whether a broad population or a select group, can be recorded and measured in a tangible way. Because of advances in technology, together with problems inherent in manual forms of voting, the concepts and issues relating to electronic voting (e-voting) and various other technology-based forms, are been proposed, discussed, and examined. The goal of all such systems is the casting and recording of the votes from eligible voters as they intended to be cast, with adequate security. This security requires that there be no identifiable connection between the voter and the vote that is cast, while providing an audit trail that can be used to validate that every vote was counted and tallied, as cast. Current research has shown that such systems form the majority of the nascent e-voting technologies, primarily because they have come closest to solving the usability and security issues inherent in technology-based voting systems.
Endothermic Pyrolysis of JP-10 with and without Zeolite Catalyst for Hypersonic Applications

The performance of the cracking of JP-10 with and without the hydrogen form of Y-type zeolite (H-Y zeolite) was determined over a wide range of conditions relevant to endothermic fuels using both a...
Honey Bee Queens Do Not Count Mates to Assess their Mating Success

The mating system of honey bees (genus Apis) is extremely polyandrous, where reproductive females (queens) typically mate with 12 or more males (drones) during their mating flight(s). The evolutionary implications for hyperpolyandry have been subject to considerable debate and empirical testing because of the need to understand the proximate mechanisms that drive such extreme mating behavior despite the potential costs. The ability of queens to gauge and adjust their reproductive success is therefore important for selection to act on queen mating number at both the evolutionary (colony-level) and proximate (individual-level) timescales. We observed the mating flight activities of 80 queens in their respective mating nucleus hives each with a modified entrance that restricts flight attempts. We also attached a small weight (0, 16, or 38 mg) onto each queen’s thorax as a means of imposing additional flight costs. We then compared queens that were restricted from taking multiple mating flights to those that started oviposition after a single flight for their mating numbers as quantified by microsatellite analyses of their respective worker offspring. We found that neither additional weight nor restricted mating attempts had any significant effect on the effective mating frequencies of the experimental queens during their single mating flight. This observation suggests that queens are not adjusting their nuptial flight activity according to their precise mating number during their flight. These findings provide insights into the proximate regulation of honey bee queen mating behavior and the fitness consequences of hyperpolyandry at the colony level.
Effectiveness of an educational intervention to increase human papillomavirus knowledge in high-risk minority women

OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer knowledge in a population at high risk for cervical cancer and to determine whether knowledge and attitudes toward HPV vaccination improve after educational intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS This pre-post survey design study was conducted at the John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County colposcopy clinic. An HPV knowledge and awareness survey was given to participants before their clinical encounter. Afterward, participants watched an educational video and repeated the survey, which was administered again at the follow-up visit. Knowledge scores and acceptability of HPV vaccination were compared across all surveys. RESULTS Among the 104 participants who completed baseline and immediate postintervention surveys, the average baseline score was 9.6 of 20. Knowledge scores improved after the educational intervention (mean = 14.1, p < .0001) and remained elevated in the 44 participants that completed long-term follow-up (mean = 13.5, p < .0001). Acceptability of HPV vaccination for participants themselves increased from 47.1% to 76% (p < .0001) and for children/grandchildren increased from 30.8% to 71.2% (p < .0001) after the intervention. Overall, women were worried about HPV and cervical cancer for themselves and their children/grandchildren at baseline. However, the intervention improved perceptions about HPV vaccination cost, safety, adverse effects, and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination is low in this high-risk population and may improve with a simple educational intervention. Increased knowledge was associated with an increase in vaccine acceptability and improved perceptions about HPV vaccination. Educational interventions targeted toward high-risk women are necessary to decrease cervical cancer incidence and mortality.
Kinetic modeling of lactic acid and acetic acid effects on butanol fermentation by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum

Abstract Kinetic models of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation with lactic acid or acetic acid addition were developed and implemented in COPASI for metabolic analysis of acid effects on butanol synthesis. The simulation results were compared with experimental data in batch cultures of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum under various initial lactic acid or acetic acid concentrations. High average correlation coefficients (r2) of over 0.92 between simulation and experimental results were obtained in both models. According to parameter scan in both models, reducing glucose uptake rate, increasing the conversion rate from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to pyruvate or from butyryl-CoA (BCoA) to butanol would enhance butanol production. On the other hand, increasing consumption rate of supplemented lactic acid or acetic acid could also contribute to improved butanol synthesis. Overall, the developed kinetic models can accurately predict the dynamic behavior of metabolites in ABE fermentation with lactic acid or acetic acid addition and consequently identify genetic manipulation strategies for higher bio-butanol production in the future.
UBNB-PPDP: Utility-Boosting Negotiation-Based Privacy Preserving Data Publishing

In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, almost every aspect of research is driven by collecting data. However, privacy concerns substantially limit the usability of such data. This prevents a vast amount of possible advances in all branches of science. While privacy rules are inevitable, data owners will always seek data publishing models and techniques that can maximize data utility within the frame of the imposed privacy rules. In this paper we propose a negotiation-based data publishing model to jointly address the utility requirements of the Data User (DU) and the privacy and possibly the monetary requirements of the Data Owner (DO). We also re-define the data utility based on the DU's rather than the DO's perspective. Based on the proposed model, we present two data publishing scenarios that satisfy a given privacy constraint while achieving the DU's required data utility. The variation in a DO's flat or variable monetary rate objective motivates the data publishing scenarios. Our protocol fills the gap between the existing theoretical work and the ultimate goal of practicality.
Invasive earthworm and soil litter response to the experimental removal of white-tailed deer and an invasive shrub

Recent studies have shown that complex species interactions can regulate above- and belowground processes in terrestrial systems. Ungulate herbivory and invasive species are known to have strong effects on plant communities in some systems, but their impacts on soil biota and belowground processes are lesser known. Growing evidence suggests white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and invasive plants facilitate increased abundance of exotic earthworms in temperate forests of the eastern United States. We conducted an experimental study that manipulated deer access and the presence of an invasive understory shrub in an eastern deciduous forest of southwestern Ohio, USA, from 2013 to 2017. Earthworm density and biomass, and standing litter biomass were measured in five paired deer access and exclosure plots, each with a split-plot removal of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Earthworm density declined in response to the experimental exclusion of deer, with earthworm density decreasing over time in the deer exclosure plots relative to deer access plots. Deer exclusion produced greater variation in earthworm species composition relative to access plots. Multivariate analyses indicated that larger earthworms in the genus Lumbricus were associated with deer exclosure plots, while smaller endogeic species were ubiquitous in both treatments. Standing litter biomass decreased over time in the deer-access plots. In contrast, honeysuckle removal had little effect on earthworm density and standing litter biomass. There was an interaction between deer and honeysuckle treatments on earthworm biomass, with honeysuckle removal reducing earthworm biomass when deer were excluded. Our results demonstrate strong effects of herbivores on invasive earthworms and ecosystem processes, but indicate a weaker influence of invasive shrubs. Further, our findings suggest that the effects of deer overabundance in forest ecosystems are potentially reversible with long-term intervention.
The coming age of shortages

The era of cheap food, cheap energy and cheap materials is over, but the twilight of the “age of plenty” need not signal the decline of civilization if we act in time; the first of a three-part Bulletin essay on human survival
Identifying and mitigating supply chain risks using fault tree optimization

Although supply chain risk management and supply chain reliability are topics that have been studied extensively, a gap exists for solutions that take a systems approach to quantitative risk mitiga...
Step 2 of EBP: Locating Practice Research

Step 2 of the EBP practice decision-making process centers on efficiently locating the best available and relevant practice research. This chapter will offer a detailed introduction to both print and online research information resources available for EBP. Both aggregated sources and individual article sources will be addressed. Approaches to efficiently and effectively search for practice research are also offered. This will guide clinical social workers to finding specialized research knowledge for practice.
Racial Disparities in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Perfusion-Diffusion Mismatch

Background The central concept of mismatch between perfusion and diffusion targets identified by magnetic resonance imaging offers an approximation of the tissue at risk of infarction if reperfusion is not achieved. This measure is becoming increasingly relevant in determining eligibility for and prognosis following thrombolytic and endovascular treatments, particularly at extended time windows. A few studies have shown that Black stroke patients are more likely to suffer small-vessel ischemic strokes and fewer cardioembolic strokes occluding large vessels. We investigated the relationship between race and arterial occlusion targets, including diffusion-perfusion mismatch. Methods The LESION study was a prospectively collected cohort of 1,092 consecutive subjects, NIHSS>3, scanned within 24 hours of symptom onset of time last known well. The study collected demographics, presentation including time from last known well (TLKW), imaging findings, and treatments. Perfusion and diffusion imaging targets and diffusion-perfusion “mismatch” was qualitatively assessed. Occlusion at any arterial location was documented and location used to characterize MCAO targets (MCA-M1 or M2) and endovascular targets (ICA or MCA-M1). Results Black subjects were younger (66.3 vs 75.4 years; p Conclusion Persistent racial and ethnic disparities are observed in the presentation of stroke with perfusion diffusion mismatch. The absence of differences in imaging targets present on MRA, particularly with large vessel occlusions, challenges the assumption that the difference in mismatch is due to differences in lesion locations.
3 – MARKET DECISIONS AND THE MARKET PROCESS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a case study of moonshiners in the context of the Wall Street Journal in July, 1975. The price squeeze on moonshine forced new occupations on a lot of people who were engaged, one way or another, in what may have been, even as late as the1950s, the largest industry in such counties as Habersham, Dawson, and Gilmer. However, not all of those people whose employment depended on illegal booze were moonshiners, themselves. For the government, one beneficial by-product of the sugar inflation and moonshine depression is an increase in arrests for firearms violations and illegal wagering. Keeping tabs on sugar sales also has helped agents to corral a few moonshiners. Nowadays, agents say they make most of their arrests through tips from informants. On the whole, authorities say their problem is less in catching moonshiners than in obtaining justice afterwards. The chapter presents the principles of supply and demand to analyze the market for federally regulated whiskey.
Social media, teenagers, and the school context: a scoping review of research in education and related fields

This scoping review of research explores which disciplines have studied social media as it relates to education and, more broadly, use by students of high school and college age. The sample explores 10 years of research (2009–2018). A search of Web of Science yielded 580 relevant peer-reviewed articles published through the end of 2018, with 260 (44.8%) of these articles focused on education. Research in this area has been on a steady upward trajectory since 2009, the first year when relevant social media articles appeared. About half of this research was conducted in North American settings, and quantitative surveys were the most popular data collection method. Findings show that within education, the dominant themes of research on social media were use as a teaching and learning tool; adoption, use, and beliefs; digital literacy; effects of use; and identity. Outside of education, the dominant themes were negative behaviors, health issues, identity development and expression, digital citizenship, and social relationships. This review shows several areas where education researchers and practitioners would benefit from attending to research conducted outside of our discipline. Although the field of educational research sufficiently addresses issues like teacher professional development and pedagogical uses of social media, the larger issues that affect our students and, in turn, the school context are being explored in other disciplines.
Temporal changes in short-term associations between cardiorespiratory emergency department visits and PM2.5 in Los Angeles, 2005 to 2016.

Abstract Background Emissions control programs targeting certain air pollution sources may alter PM2.5 composition, as well as the risk of adverse health outcomes associated with PM2.5. Objectives We examined temporal changes in the risk of emergency department (ED) visits for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and asthma associated with short-term increases in ambient PM2.5 concentrations in Los Angeles, California. Methods Poisson log-linear models with unconstrained distributed exposure lags were used to estimate the risk of CVD and asthma ED visits associated with short-term increases in daily PM2.5 concentrations, controlling for temporal and meteorological confounders. The models were run separately for three predefined time periods, which were selected based on the implementation of multiple emissions control programs (EARLY: 2005-2008; MIDDLE: 2009-2012; LATE: 2013-2016). Two-pollutant models with individual PM2.5 components and the remaining PM2.5 mass were also considered to assess the influence of changes in PM2.5 composition on changes in the risk of CVD and asthma ED visits associated with PM2.5 over time. Results The relative risk of CVD ED visits associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in 4-day PM2.5 concentration (lag 0-3) was higher in the LATE period (rate ratio = 1.020, 95% confidence interval = [1.010, 1.030]) compared to the EARLY period (1.003, [0.996, 1.010]). In contrast, for asthma, relative risk estimates were largest in the EARLY period (1.018, [1.006, 1.029]), but smaller in the following periods. Similar temporal differences in relative risk estimates for CVD and asthma were observed among different age and season groups. No single component was identified as an obvious contributor to the changing risk estimates over time, and some components exhibited different temporal patterns in risk estimates from PM2.5 total mass, such as a decreased risk of CVD ED visits associated with sulfate over time. Conclusions Temporal changes in the risk of CVD and asthma ED visits associated with short-term increases in ambient PM2.5 concentrations were observed. These changes could be related to changes in PM2.5 composition (e.g., an increasing fraction of organic carbon and a decreasing fraction of sulfate in PM2.5). Other factors such as improvements in healthcare and differential exposure misclassification might also contribute to the changes.
Effect of low temperature on abiotic and biotic nitrate reduction by zero-valent Iron

Abstract The effect of low temperatures on abiotic and biotic nitrate (NO3−) reduction by zero-valent iron (ZVI) were examined at temperatures below 25 °C. The extent and rate of nitrate removal in batch ZVI reactors were determined in the presence and absence of microorganisms at 3.5, 10, 17, and 25 °C. Under anoxic conditions, NO3− reduction rates in both ZVI-only and ZVI-cell reactors declined as temperature decreased. In ZVI-only reactor, 62% and 17% of initial nitrate concentration were reduced in 6 days at 25 and 3.5 °C, respectively. The reduced nitrate was completely recovered as ammonium ions (NH4+) at both temperatures. The temperature-dependent abiotic reduction rates enabled us to calculate the activation energy (Ea) using the Arrhenius relationship, which was 50 kJ/mol. Nitrate in ZVI-cell reactors was completely removed within 1–2 days at 25 and 10 °C, and 67% of reduction was achieved at 3.5 °C. Only 18–25% of the reduced nitrate was recovered as NH4+ in the ZVI-cell reactors. Soluble iron concentrations (Fe2+ and Fe3+) in the ZVI reactors were also measured as the indicators of anaerobic corrosion. In the ZVI-cell reactors, soluble iron concentrations were 1.7 times higher than that in ZVI-only reactors at 25 °C, suggesting that the enhanced nitrate reduction in the ZVI-cell reactors may be partly due to increased redox activity (i.e., corrosion) on iron surfaces. Anaerobic corrosion of ZVI was also temperature-dependent as substantially lower concentrations of corrosion product were detected at lower incubation temperatures; however, microbially induced corrosion (MIC) of ZVI was much less impacted at lower temperatures than abiotic ZVI corrosion. This study demonstrated that ZVI-supported microbial denitrification is not only more sustainable at lower temperatures, but it becomes more dominant reaction for nitrate removal in microbial-ZVI systems at low temperatures.
Isolation, culture, and functional analysis of hepatocytes from mice with fatty liver disease.

Summary We present a protocol for isolating hepatocytes from mice with established non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This protocol consists of liver perfusion using a peristaltic pump, followed by a modified 25% and 90% Percoll gradient centrifugation protocol to capture lipid-laden hepatocytes that are usually lost using traditional isolation protocols. This protocol enables simultaneous isolation of normal and lipid-filled hepatocytes. Lipid-filled hepatocytes can be used in cell culture systems to study drug metabolism, hepatotoxicity, or glucose and lipid metabolism. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sharabi et al. (2017) and Kegel et al. (2016) .