cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Privatization of Internet Governance

"Internet governance" is a highly contested term with various definitions (Hoffman 2005). As Milton Mueller duly notes, Internet governance debates have often reduced into an exaggerated dichotomy between the extremes of cyberlibertarianism and cyberconservativism (Mueller 2010). The former can resemble utopian technological determinism and the later is basically a state sovereignty model that extends traditional forms of state control to the Internet with the goal of adequately serving the public interest. The cyberlibertarian and cyberconservative perspectives are indistinguishable in one way. They both tend to disregard the governance sinews already permeating the Internet's technical architecture. While the relative malleability of content and the distributed nature of the Internet can convey the impression that no one controls the Internet, coordination - sometimes centralized coordination - occurs in several technical and administrative areas necessary to keep the Internet operational. There has always been coordination and control of cyberspace, some centralized and some distributed, although not necessarily performed by traditional governments or intergovernmental organizations. Internet governance scholars recognize this and examine what is at stake in the design and administration of the Internet's actual protocological and material architecture. This architecture is not external to politics and social questions but, rather, embeds the values and policy decisions that ultimately structure how we access information, how innovation will proceed, and how we exercise individual freedom online.
Getting Data Ready for a Spatial Analysis

Spatial data require some minimal work at the early stages of analysis to get these data ready for a spatial analysis. This work is not onerous and can typically be completed in just a few minutes. However, the steps in this work are unique to spatial data and many researchers in the social sciences are not familiar with these steps. As a consequence, it is useful to briefly discuss them. Researchers interested in exploring the details of these steps will find additional, detailed information on them in manuals for geographic information systems (GIS) and other software. The main issue in setting up data for a spatial analysis is that datasets in the social sciences do not include geometric information on the units the researcher is seeking to examine. To be sure, these data do typically include identifiers and use of these geographic identifiers, such as Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) codes, is very helpful in linking social science data up to files that contain features of the polygons examined, such as their size, boundaries, and locations. But typically, social science data do not include these latter features themselves, and thus researchers must link, or join, their datasets to a file that contains this information. The standard such geographic file in spatial analysis is the shapefile developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) for use with its Arcview GIS software in the early 1990s. Today, ESRI's principal GIS product is ArcGIS, which includes a suite of component applications, including ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene, and ArcGlobe. One of the more efficient ways to join one's data is to do so in ArcMap, utilizing an identifier variable that is included in both the shapefile and in the researcher's dataset. Often this variable will be the units’ FIPS codes. Shapefiles are readily available for a variety of polygons of interest via the Internet. Many colleges and universities have GIS units on campus that can aid researchers in finding shapefiles if a search on theWeb proves unsuccessful.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PF-05190457: The first oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist to be profiled in healthy subjects.

Aim To evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of oral PF-05190457, an oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist, in healthy adults. Methods Single (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) studies were randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies. Thirty-five healthy men (age 38.2 ± 10.4 years; body mass index 24.8 ± 3.1 kg m–2 [mean ± standard deviation]) received ≥1 dose (2, 10, 40 [divided], 50, 100, 150, and 300 [single or divided] mg) of PF-05190457 and/or placebo in the SAD. In the MAD study, 35 healthy men (age 39.7 ± 10.1 years; body mass index 25.9 ± 3.3 kg m–2) received ≥1 dose (2, 10, 40 and 100 mg twice daily) of PF-05190457 and/or placebo daily for 2 weeks. Results PF-05190457 absorption was rapid with a Tmax of 0.5–3 hours and a half-life between 8.2–9.8 hours. PF-05190457 dose-dependently blocked ghrelin (1 pmol kg–1 min–1)-induced growth hormone (GH) release with (mean [90% confidence interval]) 77% [63–85%] inhibition at 100 mg. PF-05190457 (150 mg) delayed gastric emptying lag time by 30% [7–58%] and half emptying time by 20% [7–35%] with a corresponding decrease in postprandial glucose by 9 mg dL–1. The most frequent adverse event reported by 30 subjects at doses ≥50 mg was somnolence. PF-05190457 plasma concentrations also increased heart rate up to 13.4 [4.8–58.2] beats min–1 and, similar to the effect on glucose and ghrelin-induced GH, was lost within 2 weeks. Conclusions PF-05190457 is a well-tolerated first-in-class ghrelin receptor inverse agonist with acceptable pharmacokinetics for oral daily dosing. Blocking ghrelin receptors inhibits ghrelin-induced GH, and increases heart rate, effects that underwent tachyphylaxis with chronic dosing. PF-051940457 has the potential to treat centrally-acting disorders such as insomnia.
Overview of IL-17 Family

The name of IL-17 was first proposed by Yao et al. [1] in 1995 when they discovered that an open reading frame of the T lymphotropic herpesvirus saimiri gene 13 (HSV13) exhibits 58 % homology with a previously cloned molecule, mouse cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 8 (CTLA-8) [2]. Recombinant HVS13 and CTLA-8 stimulate transcription factor NFκB activity and IL-6 secretion in fibroblasts and co-stimulate T cell proliferation. A novel cytokine receptor was also isolated and shown to bind both HVS13 and CTLA-8. Therefore, mouse CTLA-8 was named as IL-17, HVS13 as viral IL-17, and the newly cloned cytokine receptor as IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) [1]. Human IL-17 shares 72 % homology with HSV13 and 62 % with mouse IL-17 [3]. Subsequently, by homology-based cloning another 5 cytokines were identified to belong to the IL-17 gene family [4, 5, 6, 7]. The prototypic member IL-17 was renamed as IL-17A and the others as IL-17B through to F (see Table 2.1) [8].
Anticonvulsant efficacy of antihistamine cyproheptadine in rats exposed to the chemical warfare nerve agent soman

Organophosphate compounds, such as soman and sarin, are highly toxic chemical warfare nerve agents that cause a build-up of acetylcholine in synapses and neuromuscular junctions. Current therapies aim to prevent seizures and protect against brain injury following exposure. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the antihistamine cyproheptadine in improving survival and controlling seizures in rats exposed to soman. Rats were pretreated with the oxime reactivator HI-6 (125mg/kg, ip) 30min prior to soman exposure (225μg/kg, sc) and then treated with atropine methylnitrate (AMN, 2.0mg/kg, im) 1min after soman. Cyproheptadine (10, 13, 16 or 20mg/kg, ip) was given at one of three time points: 1min after soman intoxication, at the onset of soman-induced seizures or 5min after seizure onset. Control animals were exposed to soman and given an equivalent volume of sterile water instead of cyproheptadine. The incidence of seizures, mortality, neuron counts, neuropathology and apoptosis in specific regions of the brain were evaluated. In animals given HI-6 and AMN the incidence of soman-induced seizure and mortality rate within the first 24h were 100%. When cyproheptadine was given at a dose of 13 or 20mg/kg 1min after soman exposure, the incidence of seizures was reduced from 100% to 13% and 30%, respectively. In addition, cyproheptadine given at 1min after soman exposure increased the survival rate to 100% regardless of dose. When cyproheptadine was administered at seizure onset, seizures were terminated in 100% of the animals at doses above 10mg/kg. The survival rate with cyproheptadine treatment at the onset of seizure was ≥83%. Seizures terminated in ≥75% of the animals that received cyproheptadine 5min after soman-induced seizure onset. When given at 5min after seizure onset the survival rate was 100% at all tested doses of cyproheptadine. The neuropathology scores and the number of TUNEL positive cells in the brain regions examined decreased at all time points and cyproheptadine doses tested. These observations indicate that cyproheptadine treatment can effectively control seizures, improve survival, reduce seizure duration and reduce the number of dying cells in the brain following soman exposure.
Tolerance of Corn with Glyphosate Resistance and the Aryloxyalkanoate Dioxygenase Trait (AAD-1) to 2,4-D Choline and Glyphosate

In 2011, 14 Midwest trial locations evaluated tolerance of an AAD-1 and glyphosate-resistant corn hybrid to a 2,4-D choline + glyphosate premix formulation applied single and sequential POST at V4 and/or V7 corn with and without a PRE application of 2,4-D dimethylamine (DMA). Herbicides were applied at 1X and 2X maximum use rates with 1X rates of 1120 g ae ha-1 for glyphosate and 2,4-D DMA and 1065 + 1120 g ae ha-1 for the 2,4-D choline + glyphosate premix, respectively. Crop response was greatest 2 d after 2X rate applications, resulting in 4 to 10% visible injury to corn across application timings. No brace root injury or effect on corn grain yield were observed. Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L.
Cognitive control in action: Tracking the dynamics of rule switching in 5- to 8-year-olds and adults

Recent studies have suggested that dissociable processes featuring distinct types of inhibition support cognitive control in tasks requiring participants to override a prepotent response with a control-demanding alternative response. An open question concerns how these processes support cognitive flexibility in rule-switching tasks. We used a technique known as reach tracking to investigate how 5- to 8-year-olds (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2) select, maintain, and switch between incompatible rule sets in a computerized version of the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS). Our results indicate that rule switching differentially impacts two key processes underlying cognitive control in children and adults. Adult performance also revealed a strong response bias not observed in children, which complicated a direct comparison of switching between the age groups and reopens questions concerning the relation between child and adult performance on the task. We discuss these findings in the context of a contemporary model of cognitive control.
Reverse total shoulder glenoid baseplate stability with superior glenoid bone loss.

Background Superior wear of the glenoid bone is common in patients with rotator cuff arthropathy. This can become a treatment challenge for patients who require shoulder arthroplasty. In reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), glenoid bone loss may affect the stability of baseplate fixation. The primary purpose of this biomechanical laboratory study was to assess the initial fixation stability of RSA glenosphere baseplates in the presence of variable amounts of superior glenoid bone loss. Materials and methods High-density solid rigid polyurethane foam (30 pounds/cubic foot) was machined to model the glenoid with variable superior defects that provided different levels of support (100%, 90%, 75%, and 50%) for the glenosphere baseplate. The samples were cyclically loaded (0-750 N at 1 Hz for 5000 cycles) at a 60° glenohumeral angle. The micromotion and migration of the baseplate were calculated from displacement data captured during the loading tests with an array of 3 linear variable differential transformers mounted around the baseplate. Results Micromotion was significantly greater in samples with 50% defects compared with those with smaller defects. Migration was significantly greater after testing for all defect sizes. Conclusions Initial fixation of RSA glenosphere baseplates was significantly reduced in models with 50% bone loss on the superior edge compared with models with less bone loss in this high-density bone foam model.
PHENIX measurements of low momentum direct photons from large ion collisions as a function of beam energy and system size

Abstract PHENIX has discovered a large yield of low momentum direct photons along with a large azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV . The large yield suggests early emission at high temperature, while the large anisotropy points towards late emission when the radial flow of the matter is fully developed, but the temperature is already reduced. This apparent contradiction poses a significant challenge to models that aim to calculate thermal photon production. To further constrain the sources of the low p T photons, PHENIX has analyzed data from Au+Au collisions at lower beam energies of 62.4 and 39 GeV, as well as data from smaller Cu+Cu collision system at 200 GeV. Here we present the first preliminary results from these analyses.
Fixing the CLOC with Fine-grain Leakage Analysis

Authenticated ciphers offer the promise of improved security for resource-constrained devices. Recent cryptographic contests and standardization efforts are evaluating authenticated ciphers for performance and security, including resistance to Differential Power Analysis (DPA). In this research, we study the CLOC-AES authenticated cipher in terms of vulnerability to DPA and cost of implementation of countermeasures against DPA. Using the FOBOS test architecture, we first show that an FPGA implementation of CLOC is vulnerable to DPA through Test Vector Leakage Assessment methodology (i.e., t-tests). After applying DPA countermeasures, we show that protected CLOC implementations pass t-tests, except for discrete leakage corresponding to a data-dependent branch condition in the CLOC specification. Using an enhanced tool called FOBOS Profiler, we analyze the source of t-test failure down to the exact clock cycle and device state, to confirm the source of leakage. We introduce a new protected non-linear transformation into the datapath, remove all data-dependent decision criteria from the device controller, and verify that the updated protected implementations pass t-tests. We show that the cost of including the protected non-linear transformation leads to 3.8 factor growth in area, 48 percent reduction in throughput, and 86 percent reduction in throughput-to-area ratio, compared to the unprotected implementation. Our analysis shows the high cost of DPA-protected non-linear transformations in authenticated ciphers above the cryptographic primitive layer.
Power in Pursuit of Religion: The Penitent Sisters of Speyer and Their Choice of Affiliation

The history of women’s religious communities in the Middle Ages remains largely indistinct from that of the male orders charged with their spiritual care. In this chapter, Kurpiewski examines the choice of affiliation for women active in an urban religious movement during the thirteenth century. Self-identifying with the redemption of Mary Magdalen, women who joined the German Order of Penitents enjoyed substantial ecclesiastical support. A case study from the episcopal city of Speyer, however, reveals sisters becoming key players in a contest between burghers and the cathedral. By choosing their moment to attach themselves to the Dominican Order, the sisters were able to undercut their lord bishop on behalf of their families and neighbors, thereby helping secure Speyer’s status as a free city.
Superficial Temporal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Diagnosed by Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

Author(s): Burleson, Samuel L.; Cirillo, Francesca N.; Gibson, Courtney B.; Gullett, John P.; Pigott, David C.
The 2000 harmonized immunization schedule.

The collaboration of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) continues with the 2000 harmonized immunization schedule
Work Design in an Integrated Robot Work Cell for N/C Machining

Abstract An integrated robot work cell consists of a robot working in conjunction with one or more production machines such that the activities are co-ordinated by a central unit. This paper describes the work design aspects of such a work cell for machining metal parts in small to medium lot sizes. The “before” and “after” approach shows the work design modifications and improvements resulting from robotization.
A Comprehensive Review of Analgesia and Pain Modalities in Hip Fracture Pathogenesis

Hip fracture is common in the elderly population, painful and costly. The present investigation was undertaken to review epidemiology, socio-economic and medical implications, relevant anatomy, and anesthetic and pain modalities of hip fracture. A literature search of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane databases was conducted in December 2018 to identify relevant published clinical trials, review articles, and meta-analyses studies related to anesthetic and pain modalities of hip fracture. The acute pain management in these situations is often challenging. Common issues associated with morbidity and mortality include patients’ physiological decrease in function, medical comorbidities, and cognitive impairment, which all can confound and complicate pain assessment and treatment. Perioperative multidisciplinary and multimodal approaches require medical, surgical, and anesthesiology teams employing adequate preoperative optimization. Reduction in pain and disability utilizing opioid and non-opioid therapies, regional anesthesia, patient-tailored anesthetic approach, and delirium prevention strategies seems to ensure best outcomes.
TRACKING AUTHIGENIC MINERAL CEMENTS IN FOSSIL BONES FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN) TWO MEDICINE AND JUDITH RIVER FORMATIONS, MONTANA

Previous studies have yielded mixed results as to whether authigenic mineral infill in fossilized bone tracks specific lithologies or depositional environments, with most suggesting weak to no correlation between infill composition and host lithofacies. This study documents infill patterns in a suite of fossil bones from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine and Judith River formations of Montana. The composition and distribution of void-filling materials, including authigenic mineral precipitates (e.g., calcite, chlorite, iron oxides/hydroxides, sulfides, and sulfates) and sedimentary detritus, were identified (petrography and SEM-EDS), imaged (photomicrographs, BSE maps), and quantified on false color maps using ImageJ. The authigenic cement content of fossil bone is distinct at the formation scale, with Two Medicine specimens characterized by pervasive calcite infill (non-ferroan followed by ferroan phase) and local chlorite infill. In contrast, Judith River specimens are characterized by abundant unfilled primary void space, with iron oxides and sulfides, along with rare sulfates, present in all bones, albeit in low abundance. Calcite infills are rare, chlorite is absent, and detrital infill is more abundant in Judith River specimens, presumably reflecting the rapid and more complete permineralization of Two Medicine bones. The sequencing of mineral cements in voids is generally consistent within formations, but is more complex in Two Medicine specimens. Authigenic cement content does not serve to effectively distinguish among facies or localities in either formation. This study compliments previous work on rare earth element (REE) content in the same general suite of fossil bones. In the previous study, patterns in REE uptake also served to readily distinguish fossils at the formation scale, and proved more effective than authigenic cements at differentiating fossils recovered from different facies.
Novel antithrombotic regimen in patients with ischemic heart disease and peripheral arterial disease: can we identify those who derive the highest benefit?

The reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and their associated morbidity and mortality remains the primary target of several secondary prevention measures among patients with ath...
Effect of Copper Loading in Copper-Alumina Aerogels on Three-Way Catalytic Performance

Aerogels are high surface area, low density, low thermal mass, nanoporous materials that are stable at high temperatures. This unique combination of physical characteristics makes them promising for use in three-way catalyst systems. Their high surface area has the potential to result in more active sites and improved gas/solid interaction. Their high temperature stability may reduce active site diffusion/sintering and allow for close coupling, which combined with the low thermal inertia may lead to a reduced time to light-off. It is relatively easy to incorporate a variety of metals, including non-precious group metals, into an aerogel backbone. We have developed a series of copper-alumina (CuAl) aerogels via sol-gel synthesis and rapid supercritical extraction drying. Different amounts of copper were incorporated into the alumina gel, resulting in materials with 20% to 40% copper by mass. Scanning electron microscopy imaging shows copper-containing particles distributed in the material, and powder X-ray diffraction indicates that the copper may be in the copper aluminate spinel phase after heat treatment. The materials were tested in the Union Catalytic Aerogel Testbed (UCAT), which evaluates catalytic material performance for conversion of NO, HCs, and CO over a range of temperatures from 200 to 700 °C using a simulated exhaust gas mixture with and without air. UCAT test results indicate that adding more copper to the aerogel lowers the light-off temperature from 350 to 225–250 °C for the conversion of CO and from 500 to 425–450 °C for the conversion of HCs (in the presence of air) and from 425 to 325 °C for NO (without air).
Universal Mismatch Repair Protein Screening in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES Universal screening of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) for Lynch syndrome by mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been recommended by some investigators. Herein, we assess this recommendation retrospectively by simulating its performance on a retrospective, unselected cohort of UTUCs, with comparison to the established setting of colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinoma. METHODS We assessed for complete loss of MMR protein (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) IHC in 74 consecutive cases of UTUC and then tabulated clinical and pathologic factors. MMR findings from same-institution colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas were tabulated for comparison. RESULTS We observed loss of at least one MMR protein in 12% in our UTUC cohort (three MSH2/MSH6, three MSH6 only, one MLH1/PMS2, and two PMS2 only). Of these nine cases (seven males, two females, median age 67 years, five associated with colorectal adenocarcinoma), at least three (4% of the overall cohort) proved to be Lynch syndrome. Overall, MMR loss in UTUC was comparable to colorectal (11%; 50 of 471 cases) and endometrial (12%; 12 of 101 cases) adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS The rate of MMR loss observed in UTUC was comparable to that in the established setting of colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas, supporting universal UTUC screening at our institution and others.
Dependence of Frictional Properties of Hydrocarbon Chains on Tip Contact Area

A number of groups have examined the frictional properties of alkanethiols on Au and alkylsilane monolayers on various substrates using the atomic force microscope (AFM).1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Such kinds of monolayers may be useful in the construction of MEMS with low friction, reduced stiction, and the desired wear properties. In addition, the frictional properties of related systems, such as Langmuir-Blodgett films, have also been investigated.7,8 Complementary work described here uses classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study monolayers of n-alkanes that are chemically bound to diamond substrates. Other MD simulations have examined the structure9, 10, 11, 12 and compression of n-alkanethiols on Au.13,14 In this work, two kinds of probes with different contact areas are utilized to study the effects of chain length on mechanical and frictional properties. The probes are a nanotube, which penetrates into the monolayers (Figure 1, left), and a countersurface, which compresses the monolayers (Figure 1, right).
Fournier's Gangrene in the Setting of Underlying Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Most case series of Fournier's gangrene (FG) do not list malignancy as a cause; however, isolated cases with underlying malignancy of the soft tissue, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal systems have been described. After a review of recently published literature, 20 case reports and 15 case series or review articles included relevant information and were included in this literature review. Malignancy is overlooked in 10% (2/20) of patients, resulting in a delayed diagnosis and initiation of cancer treatment. All patients with FG should have a thorough cancer history, digital rectal examination, appropriate local and systemic imaging, as well as tissue biopsies, to reduce the likelihood of a missed cancer diagnosis. Delay in management of the local malignancy may lead to persistence or recurrence of the infection and significantly worsens overall outcome and survival.
Portfolio Choice and Pricing in Illiquid Markets

This paper studies portfolio choice and pricing in markets in which immediate trading may be impossible, such as the market for private equity and certain over-the-counter markets. Optimal positions are found to depend significantly and naturally on liquidity: when future liquidity is expected to be higher, agents take more extreme positions, given that they do not have to hold them for long when no longer desirable. Consequently, in markets with more frequent trading larger trades should be observed. The price, on the other hand, is not affected significantly by liquidity, due to the mitigating effect of endogenous position choice. Extensions with multiple assets and heterogenous agents are considered among others.
Diseases of the Bovine Central Nervous System

Contains an overview of diseases of the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebrum and thalamus, and a diagnosis and tratment of selected bovine Central Nervous System diseases.
Tbet expression by Tregs is needed to protect against Th1-mediated immunopathology during Toxoplasma infection in mice

Abstract T. gondii infection has proven to be an ideal model to understand the delicate balance between protective immunity and immune-mediated pathology during infection. Lethal infection causes a collapse of Tregs mediated by loss of IL-2, and conversion of Tregs to IFNγ producing cells. Importantly, these Tregs highly express the Th1 transcription factor Tbet. To determine the role of Tbet in Tregs, we infected Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre and control Foxp3YFPCre mice with the type II strain of T. gondii, ME49. The majority of Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre mice succumb to a non-lethal acute infection. Notably, parasite burden is comparable between Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre and Foxp3YFPCre control mice. We found that Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre mice have significantly higher serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNFα, suggestive of a heightened immune response. To test if CD4+ T cells were driving immunopathology, we treated Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre mice with anti-CD4 depleting antibody and partially rescued these mice. Broad spectrum antibiotic treatment also improved survival, demonstrating a role for commensal flora in immunopathology in Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre mice. RNA-seq analysis reinforced that Tbet regulates several key cellular pathways, including chromosome segregation, cytokine receptor activity and cell cycle progression, that help to maintain fitness in Tregs during Th1 responses. Taken together, our data shows an important role for Tbet in Tregs in preventing lethal immunopathology during Toxoplasma gondii infection, further highlighting the protective role of Treg plasticity to self and microbiota.
Providing real-time resources in support of LGBTQ+ and HIV+ populations as information experts on the ECHO hub team: a case report.

Background: Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a telehealth initiative that aims to reduce disparities in delivery of health care by leveraging technology and local expertise to provide guidance on specialized subjects to health care providers across the world. In 2018, a new ECHO hub convened in Indianapolis with a focus on health care for individuals in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ+) populations. This ECHO iteration was one of the first of its kind and would soon be followed by a new human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) ECHO as well. Case Presentation: In a novel approach, information professionals participated in the early planning stages of the formation of these ECHO teams, which enabled the provision of real-time medical evidence and resources at the point-of-need once the teams were launched. This case study demonstrates proof of concept for including health sciences librarians and/or information professionals in the ECHO as hub team members. In this case study, the authors describe and quantify the value added to the HIV and LGBTQ+ ECHO sessions by the medical librarians, as well as provide a template for how other telehealth initiatives can collaborate with their local health information professionals. Conclusions: Librarian involvement in Project ECHO over the past three years has been enthusiastically received. The librarians have contributed hundreds of resources to ECHO participants, helped build and curate resource repositories, and expanded the embedded librarian program to an additional two ECHO iterations. ECHO hub team members report high rates of satisfaction with the performance of embedded librarians and appreciate the provision of point-of-need evidence to ECHO participants.
Fourier transform mass spectrometry in an ECR plasma

Consideration has been given to the use of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) to provide in-situ mass measurements of active species in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma reactor. An ECR plasma was produced in a vacuum chamber placed inside a DC magnetic mirror field by microwaves whose power level could be adjusted up to 2 kW CW. The electron cyclotron resonance was adjusted to be approximately 25% of the distance from the throat of the mirror to the mid-plane of the vacuum chamber. The mirror ratio was 2:1, the operating gas was argon, and the pressure was set to 2*10/sup -4/ torr. FTMS took place in a cubical cell placed in the center of the magnetic mirror region where the magnetic field was most uniform. >
World Folklore for Storytellers: Tales of Wonder, Wisdom, Fools, and Heroes

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Josepha Sherman Year: 2009 Pages: 492 Publisher: Sharpe Reference ISBN: 978-0-7656-8174-4 (hard cover). Prices: $95.00 USD(hard cover).
The $$\bar\partial$$ -Cauchy problem and nonexistence of Lipschitz Levi-flat hypersurfaces in $$\mathbb{C}P^n$$ with $$n \ge 3$$

In this paper we study the Cauchy–Riemann equation in complex projective spaces. Specifically, we use the modified weight function method to study the \(\bar\partial\)-Neumann problem on pseudoconvex domains in these spaces. The solutions are used to study function theory on pseudoconvex domains via the \(\bar\partial\)-Cauchy problem. We apply our results to prove nonexistence of Lipschitz Levi-flat hypersurfaces in complex projective spaces of dimension at least three, which removes the smoothness requirement used in an earlier paper of Siu.
The Power of Positive Mentors: Variables Associated with Women's Interest in Social Work Administration

Abstract Some of the strategies for overcoming obstacles to gender parity in organizations include consciousness-raising, mentoring, informal support, training, and role modeling. The present study explored whether there was evidence to support the use of these strategies based upon the past experiences of female graduate social work students. Experiences with mentors and consciousness-raising were the only two variables found to be predictors of interest in administration among these students. Even though these students expressed a preference for the masculine stereotype in their descriptions of the good administrator, this variable was not found to be a predictor of interest in administration.
Cumulative Contribution of Child Maltreatment to Emotional Experience and Regulatory Intent in Intimate Adult Interactions

This study examined the link between experiencing multiple types of child maltreatment and intentions to control emotion during charged discussions with intimate partners in adulthood, and whether the link is mediated by intensity of negative emotions. Using video recall, 97 couples rated their levels of emotions and intentions to control emotion during charged discussions with partners. Number of types of child maltreatment reported was linked with effort to control emotion, and the relationship was partially mediated by intensity of participants’ feelings of hostility. For men, the link was also partially mediated by self-reported sadness and anxiety. Findings underscore the importance of attending to abuse survivors’ experiences of and attempts to manage intense emotions in treatment, particularly in couples therapy.
Milk Sharing in Practice: A Descriptive Analysis of Peer Breastmilk Sharing

Peer breastmilk sharing has emerged in recent years as a subject of investigation and occasional controversy. Although researchers know that thousands of milk exchanges are facilitated through milk sharing Web sites every week, there is only limited research into milk sharing practices on the ground. This study examines these practices through a 102-item online survey that asked questions about milk sharing practices, perceptions of milk sharing, and demographic characteristics. Participants were recruited through social media sites specific to breastfeeding and parenting events in Central Florida. The sample consisted of 392 respondents. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis. We found that breastmilk sharing is a complex practice, showing high levels of overlap in which some donors are also recipients, and that cross-nursing sometimes occurs simultaneously with the exchange of expressed milk. Respondents often donated and received milk from people they knew; however, exchanging milk with strangers was also common. Many but not all used the Internet to facilitate milk exchange; participants used well-known milk sharing Web sites as well as their private virtual networks. The study found that most milk exchanges happen in-person as gifts and that selling and shipping breastmilk were rare. We suggest that further research is needed on breastmilk sharing practices to inform breastmilk safety research and policy recommendations.
Maternal history of childhood sexual abuse and preterm birth: an epidemiologic review

Background: History of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is highly prevalent with as many as one in four American women being victims. Exposure to CSA or other early life traumatic experiences has been associated with adverse reproductive and pregnancy outcomes. However, the effects of CSA on preterm delivery (PTB), a leading cause of neonatal mortality, remain poorly understood. The objectives of this review are (i) to synthesize the available research investigating the relationship between maternal history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and preterm delivery (PTB); (ii) to provide suggestions for improving future research on this topic; and (iii) to highlight implications for clinical practice and public health. Methods: Relevant articles were identified through searches of four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection and BIOSIS Online) for studies published before March 2014, as well as through reviewing references of published articles. Results: A total of six studies published from 1992 to 2010 were included in this review. Overall, findings were inconsistent. Three studies reported statistically significant associations of CSA with PTB (<37 weeks gestation) or shorter mean gestational age at birth. Women with a history of CSA had 2.6 to 4.8-fold increased odds of PTB as compared with women without a history of CSA. Three other studies did not observe statistically significant differences in rates of PTB or mean gestational age at birth in relation to a history of CSA. Conclusions: Available evidence on this topic is sparse and inconsistent, and limited by a number of methodological challenges. Given the ubiquity of CSA, as well as the clinical and public health significance of PTB, more rigorously designed epidemiologic studies on the association between CSA and PTB are warranted.
Immunohistochemical detection of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is the most potent member of the IAP group of structurally related caspase inhibitors. Experimental and clinical evidence implicates XIAP in resistance to cancer therapy and in clinical aggressiveness of certain tumors. We examined the expression of XIAP in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Four-micrometer sections from 59 routinely processed specimens of head and neck SCC were subjected to citrate-based antigen retrieval, followed by incubation with monoclonal anti-XIAP antibody (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif) and EnVision Plus reagents (Dako, Carpinteria, Calif). Granular cytoplasmic staining was considered positive; the extent and intensity of staining were recorded. Normal squamous epithelium was either nonstaining (n = 22), displayed generally weak basal staining (n = 9), or moderate basal staining (n = 1). Squamous dysplasia or carcinoma in situ was either nonstaining (10 of 18 cases) or displayed generally weak staining (8 of 18 cases). Varying degrees of XIAP positivity were found in 41 (69.5%) of 59 carcinomas. Most of the nonstaining and weakly staining carcinomas were well or moderately differentiated. In contrast, intense and extensive staining was most frequently found in poorly differentiated carcinomas. In keratinized tumor nests, staining was strongest peripherally and became diminished in central keratinized zones. New parameters of tumor aggressiveness are needed for more effective triaging of patients to appropriately aggressive therapies. The present findings suggest that the potent apoptotic inhibitor XIAP may be such a biomarker in head and neck SCCs, of resistance to apoptosis-inducing therapies, and, possibly, of responsiveness to a new class of XIAP-suppressive drugs presently in clinical trials for other malignancies or in preclinical development.
Cataracts induced by surface active agents.

Abstract Intravitreally-administered anionic, cationic and neutral surface active agents are all capable of producing cataracts. The developing cataracts are characterized by increased hydration, loss of dry weight, progressive increases in Na + concentration, and progressive decreases in K + concentration. Glycolytic metabolism is only moderately decreased in the advanced stages of cataract. Surface active membrane damage is discussed in reference to the pathogenesis of cataract.
Modeling diffusive dissolution in silicate melts

Abstract Here empirical models for calculating self-diffusion coefficients and diffusion matrices are combined with MELTS, a thermodynamic model for silicate minerals and melts, to estimate diffusive dissolution rates, interface melt compositions and melt diffusivities. Simulations of olivine dissolution experiments in basalt show that the overall model is capable of accurately reproducing diffusive dissolution rates, and the resulting diffusion profiles, over a range of pressures and temperatures. However, the overall model is less successful at reproducing olivine dissolution in andesite, diopside dissolution in either basalt or andesite, or anorthite dissolution in picrite. Yet, even for these systems the predicted dissolution rates are generally within about a factor of two of the measured ones. Comparisons between simulations and experiments suggest that errors in the self-diffusion and thermodynamic models are responsible for the differences, and show that dissolution experiments could be a powerful way of testing and calibrating these and similar models. The overall model will also be a useful tool for designing future experiments, and for identifying the parameters that control diffusive dissolution (and crystallization) in silicate melts under a wide range of conditions.
Resonance Raman studies of HOO-Co(III)bleomycin and Co(III)bleomycin: identification of two important vibrational modes, nu(Co-OOH) and nu(O-OH).

Bleomycin is an antitumor agent whose cytotoxicity is dependent on its ability to bind DNA in the nucleus and effect double-stranded DNA cleavage, which is difficult for the cell to repair. In order for this DNA cleavage to occur, bleomycin must, through a series of reactions, form a low-spin Fe(III) complex, the putative “activated” form of the drug, HOO−Fe(III)bleomycin. The relative strengths of the bonds in the Fe(III)−OOH linkage have not been determined due to the weakness of the hydroperoxo-to-iron(III) charge-transfer transition. The much more stable HOO−Co(III)bleomycin has often been studied as a structural analogue of HOO−Fe(III)bleomycin, and hence, an understanding of the relative bond strengths in the Co−OOH linkage may serve to enhance our understanding of the analogous Fe−OOH linkage. In this report, we present resonance Raman data that identify two important vibrational modes in the Co−OOH linkage, the stretching modes, ν(Co−OOH) and ν(O−OH). Both of these vibrational modes were found to ...
The NIST Robotic Optical Scatter Instrument (ROSI) and its application to BRDF measurements of diffuse reflectance standards for remote sensing

We describe the robotic optical scatter instrument (ROSI), a new robotic arm-based goniometer for in-plane and outof- plane reflectance and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements of surfaces. The goniometer enables BRDF measurements to be made at nearly any combination of incident and scattering angles, without obstruction from frames or cradles that occur in traditional goniometers made of nested rotation stages. We present exploratory measurements of in-plane and hemispherically-scanned out-of-plane BRDF on a sintered white polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sample using a supercontinuum fiber laser-based tunable light source operated at a wavelength of 550 nm, in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the system. An initial assessment of uncertainties is presented.
COLD BRANDING AS A SMOLT MARKING TECHNIQUE

Cold branding of smolts of Atlantic salmon has resulted in clearly visible marks on almost 94 per cent of the returning grilse. The technique is considered to be an improvement on fin-clipping for batch identification in that it involves no mutilation and has a much wider range of possible marks. A possible disadvantage of the technique is the ease with which JDranded fish may be overlooked in trap, net or rod catches, although this applies with almost equal force to fin-clipped fish.
Hexokinase levels in discrete regions of rat brain: evaluation by quantitative immunofluorescence using interactive laser cytometry and comparison with basal rates of glucose utilization.

Relative levels of hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) have been determined in 16 discrete regions of adult rat brain by a quantitative immunofluorescence method. The distribution of immunofluorescence in brain sections was determined by interactive laser cytometry and related to hexokinase content by comparison with standard sections containing known amounts of the enzyme. In many of these regions, referred to here as group I regions, hexokinase content was correlated with previously reported basal rates of glucose utilization. However, several regions (group II regions) in which hexokinase content exceeded that expected from basal rates of glucose utilization were also detected. Compared with the corresponding regions from albino rat brain, higher hexokinase levels were found in the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate (group I regions) of pigmented Norway rate, a result reflecting previously reported increased glucose utilization by these regions in pigmented rats. There was no difference in hexokinase levels in the superior colliculus, a group II structure, from albino and pigmented rats, a finding implying that a reported increase in rate of glucose utilization in the superior colliculus of pigmented rats is effected without an increase in hexokinase content. It is suggested that group II regions may be adapted to sustain increases in rates of glucose utilization that are, relative to basal rates, considerably greater than those experienced by group I regions.
Propagation and termination kinetics of cross-linking photopolymerizations studied using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with near IR spectroscopy

The use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in conjunction with Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy to address the complexities associated with the accurate measurement and e...
The quantification of toxaphene in environmental samples

Abstract A simplified analytical method is described for the determination of toxaphene in environmental samples by electron capture negative ion GC/MS using internal standards. The method allows toxaphene to be determined at the low ppb level in the presence of PCBs for a variety of sample matrices including sediment and biological tissue. Toxaphene is quantified from the total peak area response for 21 prominent components using mass chromatograms of the characteristic polychlorobornane [M-Cl] − ions. The quantitation method shows minimal interference from PCB congeners, or from compounds in the chlordane group. Performance was evaluated using a cod liver oil NIST 1588 standard reference material. The effect of oxygen pressure on PCB interference and toxaphene quantitation is discussed.
Effects of testosterone propionate upon sexual libido and the production of semen and sperm in the rabbit.

introduction It has been demonstrated that an exogenous supply of male hormone causes retardation and injury to the testes of the prepuberal rat but no marked involutionary changes in the adult rat (Moore and Price, 1932, 1937 and 1938). The injurious effect gradually declines with age and also tends to decline with increased dosage. A species difference in the action of androgen has been shown. The injection of male hormone stimulated spermatogenesis in the immature ground squirrel, and also in the mature ground squirrel during the season of testicular inactivity (Wells, 1936; Wells and Moore, 1936). An increase in the size of the testes (Lahr and Riddle, 1944) and a stimulation of spermatogenesis (Burger, 1945; Pfeiffer, 1947) was caused in the bird. In the opossum, however, androgenic treatments failed to show any consistent effect on the testicle between birth and maturity (Moore and Morgan, 1942).
CYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON NUCLEAR FINE STRUCTURE.

Simple cytochemical methods, employing formalin fixation, nuclease extraction, and uranyl staining, have been applied to the localization of nucleic acids in electron micrographs of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and Drosophila salivary glands. Two RNA-containing particulates were found in ascites tumor nuclei: particles about 14 mμ in diameter in nucleoli, and 20–50 mμ in the nucleoplasm. Numerous small, irregular particles about 10 mμ in diameter also bound uranyl ions, but were RNase-resistant. Clusters of these particles were lost from nuclei during mitosis, and remained in the cytoplasm during early interphase. In Drosophila polytene chromosomes, RNA-containing particulates of different sizes occurred in different puffs.