cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who's counting? Spatial politics, ecocolonisation and the politics of calculation in Boundary Bay

Answering the simple question, ‘who’s counting’, reveals much about the spatial and cultural politics of ecosystem management. In this paper, I unite the concept of ‘ecocolonisation’ with the body of work on the politics of calculation. I argue that political technologies – including calculative techniques such as the enumeration of contamination levels – are a form of ecocolonisation that have considerable political effects on Indigenous communities. I explore the ways that historically connected Indigenous communities are divergently impacted by shellfish regulations and water pollution through an investigation of Boundary Bay, which straddles the Canada–US border on the Pacific coast. In closing, I suggest the on-going need to decolonise our understanding of calculative techniques for ecosystem management, and offer a more nuanced interpretation of space that accounts for both traditional boundaries and connected ecosystems.
Innovations in human service technologies. Strengthening health care delivery systems.

The authors report on innovative approaches to the organization of health services and the delivery of patient care in 19 U.S. hospitals and hospital networks. Strengthening patient care is the focus of this initiative. Hospital-wide interdisciplinary planning and the subsequent trial of new human service technologies are explored.
Passengers’ Perception of and Behavioral Adaptation to Unreliability in Public Transportation

Reliability is regularly cited by users of public transportation as one of the most important qualities of service. However, it is not yet well understood how transit riders are affected by unreliability, particularly in the long term. To gain a better understanding of the importance of reliability, a survey focusing on users of San Francisco's public transportation system in California was developed to investigate the link between people's past experiences of unreliability and the adaptation strategies that they used. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of a number of reliability aspects; the aspects found to be most important were the absence of a gap at a transfer stop and the ability to walk up to a stop and leave within 10 min. Users also reported that they considered reliability when planning trips. Common strategies for handling unreliability were using services and routes deemed more reliable and using real-time information. In addition, an ordinal logit model linking past experiences of...
Work with Parents: Treatment of the Parent-Child Relationship

Abstract Even when the child is the primary patient, treatment of the parent-child relationship is important. The technique of this aspect of the treatment goes beyond the usual supportive and educational measures used in parent guidance. The unconscious or preconscious meanings a child has for the parents are clarified. Such meanings include identification of a child as the bad part of oneself, or as a feared sibling.
Boundary and coupled boundary–finite element methods for transient wave–structure interaction

We propose time-domain boundary integral and coupled boundary integral and variational formulations for acoustic scattering by linearly elastic obstacles. Well posedness along with stability and error bounds with explicit time dependence are established. Full discretization is achieved coupling boundary and finite elements; Convolution Quadrature is used for time evolution in the pure BIE formulation and combined with time stepping in the coupled BEM/FEM scenario. Second order convergence in time is proven for BDF2-CQ and numerical experiments are provided for both BDF2 and Trapezoidal Rule CQ showing second order behavior for the latter as well.
Hierarchical tree snipping

Motivation: Hierarchical clustering is widely used to cluster genes into groups based on their expression similarity. This method first constructs a tree. Next this tree is partitioned into subtrees by cutting all edges at some level, thereby inducing a clustering. Unfortunately, the resulting clusters often do not exhibit significant functional coherence. Results: To improve the biological significance of the clustering, we develop a new framework of partitioning by snipping—cutting selected edges at variable levels. The snipped edges are selected to induce clusters that are maximally consistent with partially available background knowledge such as functional classifications. Algorithms for two key applications are presented: functional prediction of genes, and discovery of functionally enriched clusters of co-expressed genes. Simulation results and cross-validation tests indicate that the algorithms perform well even when the actual number of clusters differs considerably from the requested number. Performance is improved compared with a previously proposed algorithm. Availability: A java package is available at http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~dotna/ TreeSnipping Contact: dotna@cs.bgu.ac.il Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Percutaneous Ventricular Septal Defect Closure After Sapien 3 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

An 89-year old man with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis (Society of Thoracic Surgeons estimated mortality of 5.6%) underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a #29 Sapien 3 (Edwards Lifesciences, Inc., Irvine, California) prosthesis as part of the PARTNER trial (Placement of
Groups acting on hyperbolic Λ-metric spaces

In this paper we study group actions on hyperbolic Λ-metric spaces, where Λ is an ordered abelian group. Λ-metric spaces were first introduced by Morgan and Shalen in their study of hyperbolic structures and then Chiswell, following Gromov's ideas, introduced the notion of hyperbolicity for such spaces. Only the case of 0-hyperbolic Λ-metric spaces (that is, Λ-trees) was systematically studied, while the theory of general hyperbolic Λ-metric spaces was not developed at all. Hence, one of the goals of the present paper was to fill this gap and translate basic notions and results from the theory of group actions on hyperbolic (in the usual sense) spaces to the case of Λ-metric spaces for an arbitrary Λ. The other goal was to show some principal difficulties which arise in this generalization and the ways to deal with them.
Histological and alkaline-phosphatase changes in autogenous transplants of tibial grafts in dogs treated with cortisone.

Cortisone treatment of dogs after transplants of autogenous tibial grafts revealed sharply reduced alkaline-phosphatase activity two and four weeks after surgery. Graft incorporation and suitable trabecular formation were not seen until four weeks after transplantation in corticosteroid-treated dogs; the trabeculae of the callus lacked the usual osteoblastic lining. Histologically and grossly, the graft site in cortisone-treated dogs exhibited a retardation in bone healing of two weeks when compared with that in control dogs.
Rational Synthesis of The Metastable Compounds BixCo4-xFexSb12

The synthesis of many targeted ternary compounds using conventional synthesis approaches has been unsuccessful because the ternary compounds are thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation to a mixture of binary compounds. Typically these compounds have been synthetic targets based on predictions of enhanced properties. The ternary skutterudites with formula M’xM4Sbl2 (where M’ = La, Lu, Y) are prime examples. Compounds with this structure have been found to be very promising thermoelectric materials having both good electrical properties and low thermal conductivities. Inserting heavy M’ atoms into this crystal structure has been predicted to further decrease the thermal conductivity by increased phonon scattering. Attempts to make the title compound using conventional synthesis approaches failed due the formation of binary compounds as reaction products. Using modulated elemental reactants we were able to prepare the title compound at 160°C. Annealing at temperatures above 500°C resulted in exothermic decomposition into binary compounds. The Bi containing compounds are therefore thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation at all temperatures. The amount of Bi can be varied by varying the composition of the starting modulated elemental reactant. Preliminary measurements to determine the variation of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient as a function of bismuth content are presented.
Storytelling as Public Modality

This study analyzes the testimony given by Fort Worth City Councilman Joel Burns in response to the suicides of bullied teens. Like other testimonies included in the “It Gets Better” project, Burns’s speech included his personal story of being bullied because of his sexual orientation, considering suicide, and persevering to lead a successful adult life. His speech was given in a city council meeting in Texas, but his message reached a much wider audience. Drawing on the public modalities framework, this study employs narrative and discourse analysis to examine his story and the public reactions to it. The analysis focuses on the discursive invocation of emotion, multiple audiences, and the role of technology to engage publics. This analysis furthers research on how personal stories function in public meetings and serve as a modality to engage broader publics.
Metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes contribute to racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes: hypothesis and proposed pathways.

Background Women with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at greater risk of dying from breast cancer than women without these conditions. Obesity and T2D are associated with insulin resistance and endogenous hyperinsulinemia and are more common in Black women. There is increasing disparity in breast cancer mortality between Black and White women in the USA. We hypothesize that insulin resistance and endogenous hyperinsulinemia in Black women with breast cancer contribute to their greater breast cancer mortality and are associated with increased insulin receptor signalling in tumours. Methods We will recruit 350 Black women and 936 White women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. We will determine the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome/pre-diabetes and insulin resistance by measuring body mass index, waist circumference, lipids, blood pressure, glucose, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 and insulin. Breast cancer prognosis will be determined by a Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), with poor prognosis being defined as NPI >4.4. Tumour insulin receptor signalling will be determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin receptor subtype expression will be measured using Nanostring. Analysis of these factors will determine whether endogenous hyperinsulinemia is associated with a worse prognosis in Black women than White women and increased tumour insulin receptor signalling. Conclusions The results of this study will determine if the metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes contribute to racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. It may provide the basis for targeting systemic insulin resistance and/or tumour insulin receptor signalling to reduce racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xylaria acuta, Xylaria cornu-damae, and Xylaria mali in continental United States

Xylaria acuta, X. cornu-damae, and X. mali are re-described and discussed; cultural phenomena and anamorphs are described for the former two species. These species have been confused with X. digitata, a species which probably does not occur in North America. Their possible relationships with X. digitata are discussed. Xylaria adscendens, not reported from the United States, is re-described and discussed because of its possible close relationship with X. mali.
Model Checking Human-Automation UAV Mission Plans

The USAF is interested both in techniques for verifying the behavior of autonomous, multi-agent systems and in technologies that improve human-automation collaboration. Model checking – a mathematically based formal method used in system specification, design, and verification – has the potential to address these challenges simultaneously. In particular, the integration of model checking techniques into human-automation mission planning systems could result in several useful features lacking in current systems. For instance, it could allow a human operator to explicitly specify mission goals and constraints, thus enabling the autonomy to make decisions based on a clearer understanding of the human’s intent and to provide better feedback to the human when problems arise. Here, we explore how model checking can be used to assist a human operator in specifying and planning a UAV ISR mission.
Hemolytic action of mouse mammary carcinoma filtrate on mouse erythrocytes in vitro.

Although the association of cancer with anemia has long been observed, no satisfactory explanation of the mechanism of this relationship has yet been furnished.1 Experiments reported in this study appear to suggest that, at least in the case of mammary carcinoma of mice, a direct destructive action of a filterable substance contained in the tumor cells, on the erythrocytes of the host, should be taken into consideration. Thus, filtrates prepared from mouse mammary carcinomas were found to destroy mouse erythrocytes in vitro. The following technic was employed to demonstrate this hemolytic property of the tumor extracts:Materials and Methods. Tumor extracts. Ten different mammary carcinomas that developed spontaneously in old C3H females, and 2 transplanted tumors that originated as mammary carcinomas in C3H females and have been carried through successive transplantations in these animals,2 were used as the source of the tumor extracts. A freshly prepared extract from a single tumor was used for each test...
The Recoverability of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Avium from Experimentally Infected Guinea Pigs

While certain mammals such as rabbits and swine are highly susceptible to the bacillus of avian tuberculosis, guinea pigs are generally considered relatively resistant. Rivolta1 seems to have been the first to have observed this important difference in the pathogenicity of the mammalian and avian forms of the tubercle bacillus. His observations and those of Maffucci,2 who also noted the limited susceptibility of guinea pigs for the avian bacillus, were highly significant in disproving Koch's3 earlier contention that there was but one form of the bacillus which produced tuberculosis of human beings, apes, cattle, guinea pigs, sheep, goats, rabbits, and chickens. The question of the susceptibility or resistance of guinea pigs to the organism of avian tuberculosis has also been investigated by Cadiot, Gilbert, and Roger;4 Romer,5 Koch and Rabinowitch;6 Moore;7 Weber and Bofinger;8 Shattock, Seligmann, Dugeon and Panton;9 and the British Royal Commission.10 From the results of these studies the effects of avian tuberculosis
Extracellular matrix protein expression is brain region dependent

In the brain, extracellular matrix (ECM) components form networks that contribute to structural and functional diversity. Maladaptive remodeling of ECM networks has been reported in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, suggesting that the brain microenvironment is a dynamic structure. A lack of quantitative information about ECM distribution in the brain hinders an understanding of region-specific ECM functions and the role of ECM in health and disease. We hypothesized that each ECM protein as well as specific ECM structures, such as perineuronal nets (PNNs) and interstitial matrix, are differentially distributed throughout the brain, contributing to the unique structure and function in the various regions of the brain. To test our hypothesis, we quantitatively analyzed the distribution, colocalization, and protein expression of aggrecan, brevican, and tenascin-R throughout the rat brain utilizing immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry analysis and assessed the effect of aggrecan, brevican, and/or tenascin-R on neurite outgrowth in vitro. We focused on aggrecan, brevican, and tenascin-R as they are especially expressed in the mature brain, and have established roles in brain development, plasticity, and neurite outgrowth. The results revealed a differentiated distribution of all three proteins throughout the brain and indicated that their presence significantly reduces neurite outgrowth in a 3D in vitro environment. These results underline the importance of a unique and complex ECM distribution for brain physiology and suggest that encoding the distribution of distinct ECM proteins throughout the brain will aid in understanding their function in physiology and in turn assist in identifying their role in disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1309-1336, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic errors in medicine: a case of neglect.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Medical diagnoses that are wrong, missed, or delayed make up a large fraction of all medical errors and cause substantial suffering and injury. Compared with other types of medical error, however, diagnostic errors receive little attention—a major factor in perpetuating unacceptable rates of diagnostic error. Diagnostic errors are fundamentally obscure, health care organizations have not viewed them as a system problem, and physicians responsible for making medical decisions seldom perceive their own error rates as problematic. The safety of modern health care can be improved if these three issues are understood and addressed. Solutions Opportunities to improve the visibility of diagnostic errors are evident. Diagnostic error needs to be included in the normal spectrum of quality assurance surveillance and review. The system properties that contribute to diagnostic errors need to be systematically identified and addressed, including issues related to reliable diagnostic testing processes. Even for cases entirely dependent on the skill of the clinician for accurate diagnosis, health care organizations could minimize errors by using system-level interventions to aid the clinician, such as second readings of key diagnostic tests and providing resources for clinical decision support. Physicians need to improve their calibration by getting feedback on the diagnoses they make. Finally, clinicians need to learn about overconfidence and other innate cognitive tendencies that detract from optimal reasoning and learning. Conclusion Clinicians and their health care organizations need to take active steps to discover, analyze, and prevent diagnostic errors.
Albumin for fluid resuscitation: implications of the Saline versus Albumin Fluid Evaluation.

Fluid resuscitation is one of the most fundamental components in the care of critically ill patients. While the benefits of restoring lost fluid are well recognized, the choice of whether to use a crystalloid fluid (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride injection [NS], lactated Ringer’s injection) or a
Reconstruction of the Urinary Tract in Prune Belly Uropathy

AbstractTen patients with prune belly uropathy, including 7 neonates, were treated with extensive surgical tailoring of the upper urinary tracts using primarily the upper ureteral segment. Simultaneous transabdominal orchiopexy, particularly in the neonate, is described as a useful adjunct. Our early results in these patients justify this aggressive approach.
The Morphologic Basis for Normal Endothelial Permeability

The vascular endothelium represents a porous, semipermeable barrier at the level of which exchange of substances may occur either across the endothelial cells (through their special features), or along the intercellular spaces. Among the still controverted aspects of endothelial permeability is the pathway taken by lipid-insoluble molecules which by their nature cannot penetrate directly the endothelial cell membrane. In the most common type of endothelium, designated “continuous” endothelium (encountered in large vessels and in capillaries of somatic tissues), the only possible continuous water-filled structures are the intercellular spaces. The patency of these spaces depends on the general geometry and the degree of tightness of the junctions linking together the apposed endothelial cells.
The Rise of Community-Managed Schools: Push and Pull Factors

By creating community-managed schools (CMS) in the 1990s, Central America undertook one of the most extensive decentralization efforts in the world. How did this happen in, of all places, Central America?
Small Intestinal Motility

Abstract The main functions of organized small intestinal motor activity are to mix and propel intraluminal contents, which allow for efficient breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and transport of non-absorbable residue into the colon. Transit in the small bowel is controlled by organized contractile complexes as well as reflexes intrinsic and external to the intestinal wall. These sophisticated functions require complex but highly coordinated activity with multiple layers of regulatory mechanisms between an elaborate enteric nervous system, extrinsic nerve fibers, smooth muscle tissue, and interstitial cells as well as input from the central nervous system, inflammatory factors, and the gut microbiome.
Transcriptional Responses of Escherichia coli to a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of LolCDE, an Essential Component of the Lipoprotein Transport Pathway

ABSTRACT In Gram-negative bacteria, a dedicated machinery consisting of LolABCDE components targets lipoproteins to the outer membrane. We used a previously identified small-molecule inhibitor of the LolCDE complex of Escherichia coli to assess the global transcriptional consequences of interference with lipoprotein transport. Exposure of E. coli to the LolCDE inhibitor at concentrations leading to minimal and significant growth inhibition, followed by transcriptome sequencing, identified a small group of genes whose transcript levels were decreased and a larger group whose mRNA levels increased 10- to 100-fold compared to those of untreated cells. The majority of the genes whose mRNA concentrations were reduced were part of the flagellar assembly pathway, which contains an essential lipoprotein component. Most of the genes whose transcript levels were elevated encode proteins involved in selected cell stress pathways. Many of these genes are involved with envelope stress responses induced by the mislocalization of outer membrane lipoproteins. Although several of the genes whose RNAs were induced have previously been shown to be associated with the general perturbation of the cell envelope by antibiotics, a small subset was affected only by LolCDE inhibition. Findings from this work suggest that the efficiency of the Lol system function may be coupled to a specific monitoring system, which could be exploited in the development of reporter constructs suitable for use for screening for additional inhibitors of lipoprotein trafficking. IMPORTANCE Inhibition of the lipoprotein transport pathway leads to E. coli death and subsequent lysis. Early significant changes in the levels of RNA for a subset of genes identified to be associated with some periplasmic and envelope stress responses were observed. Together these findings suggest that disruption of this key pathway can have a severe impact on balanced outer membrane synthesis sufficient to affect viability.
Neurovascular Control of Blood Pressure is Influenced by Aging, Sex, and Sex Hormones

In this review, we highlight that the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and mean arterial pressure is complex, differs by sex, and changes with age. In young men there is an inverse relationship between MSNA and cardiac output where high MSNA is compensated for by low cardiac output. This inverse relationship is not seen in older men. In young women sympathetic vasoconstriction is offset by β-adrenoreceptor mediated vasodilation, limiting the ability of young women to maintain blood pressure in response to orthostatic stress. However, β-mediated dilation in women is attenuated with age, leading to unopposed α-adrenergic vasoconstriction and a rise in the direct transduction of MSNA into increases in blood pressure. We propose that these changes with age and menopausal status are major contributing factors in the increased prevalence of hypertension in older women. In addition to aging, we highlight that changes in sex hormones in young women (across the menstrual cycle, with oral contraceptive use, or with pregnancy) influence MSNA and the transduction of MSNA into increases in blood pressure. It is likely that the β-adrenergic receptors and/or changes in baroreflex sensitivity play a large role in these sex differences and changes with alterations in sex hormones.
Measurement of the B±c Meson Lifetime Using B±c→ J/Ψ + l± + X Decays

This thesis describes a measurement of the average proper decay time of the B{sub c}{sup {+-}} mesons, the ground state of bottom and charm quark bound states. The lifetime measurement is carried out in the decay modes B{sub c}{sup {+-}} {yields} J/{psi} + e{sup {+-}} + X and B{sub c}{sup {+-}} {yields} J/{psi} + {mu}{sup {+-}} + X, where the J/{psi} decays as J/{psi} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} and the X are unmeasured particles such as {nu}{sub e} or {nu}{sub {mu}}. The data are collect by the CDF II detector which measures the properties of particles created in {radical}s = 1.96 TeV p{bar p} collisions delivered by the Fermilab Tevatron. This measurement uses {approx} 1 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. The measured average proper decay time of B{sub c}{sup {+-}} mesons, {tau} = 0.475{sub -0.049}{sup +0.053}(stat.) {+-} 0.018(syst.) ps, is competitive with the most precise measurements in the world and confirms previous measurements and theoretical predictions.
Multi-Scalar Pathways to Smallholder Adaptation

Abstract Smallholder farmers in the Loess Plateau Region of China are highly vulnerable to climate change. Effective adaptation governance requires in-depth, situated understanding of how adaptation is embedded in particular environmental, social, political, economic, and institutional contexts. Drawing on 93 qualitative interviews with smallholder households in five counties across three provinces on the Loess Plateau, we use a multi-scalar pathways approach to analyze two particular adaptations (planting maize and adopting drip irrigation). Our results show (1) how historical and ongoing multi-scalar, social–ecological processes interact to shape smallholder adaptation decision-making, leading to synergies, tensions, and contradictions across risk management domains and social institutions; (2) whether an adaptation strategy persists over time is in part determined by the extent to which the strategy allows smallholder households to manage various forms of risk and uncertainty in both the present and future; and (3) how past and ongoing multi-scalar adaptation pathways determine not only smallholder exposure to current stressors but also possible choices for future adaptation. Specifically, we find some smallholder adaptive strategies, such as planting maize, stabilize over time because they enable smallholders to manage market risk, climatic risk, and water pollution challenges, allow them to take advantage of opportunities to diversify their livelihoods through local wage work and labor migration, and, at the same time, fit the local social institutions that guide their agricultural management decisions. We also find some adaptive strategies promoted by non-local actors, such as drip irrigation, are abandoned because they create tensions with the ways smallholders construct their livelihoods to manage various forms of uncertainty and risk, and contradict the local social relations and cultural values embedded in their day-to-day lives. Together, these results provide insight into why particular smallholder adaptation pathways become stabilized and reproduced over time, and the cross-scalar environmental, social, political, economic, and institutional processes that underpin them.
Ion-beam-induced planarization, densification, and exfoliation of low-density nanoporous silica

Planarization of low-density nanoporous solids is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that ion bombardment to doses of ∼1015 cm−2 results in significant smoothing of silica aerogels, yielding mirror-like surfaces after metallization. The surface smoothing efficiency scales with the ion energy loss component leading to local lattice heating. Planarization is accompanied by sub-surface monolith densification, resulting in surface exfoliation with increasing ion dose. These findings have implications for the fabrication of graded-density nanofoams, aerogel-based lightweight optical components, and meso-origami.
Where to Look? Predictive Perception With Applications to Planetary Exploration

Planetary rovers exploring the surface of Mars rely on vision-based localization and navigation algorithms to estimate their state and plan their motion during autonomous traverses. The accurate estimation of rover's motion enables safe navigation across environments with potentially hazardous terrain that would otherwise require careful human intervention. The accuracy of these vision-based localization and navigation methods are directly related to the amount of visual texture observed by the rover's sensors. This poses a challenge for Mars navigation, where texture-limited surfaces such as smooth sand is prevalent. To overcome this issue, we propose making use of a rover's ability to actively steer its visual sensors with the goal of maximizing actionable visual information content. This letter answers the question of where and when to look by presenting a method to predict the sensor trajectory that maximizes rover localization performance. This is accomplished through an online search of possible trajectories using synthetic, future camera views created from observed data. Proposed trajectories are quantified and chosen based on expected localization performance. We validate our algorithm in a high-fidelity simulation of a Mars-analogue environment and show how intelligently choosing where to look during a traverse can increase navigation accuracy compared to traditional fixed-sensor configurations.
On the Comparative Evaluation of Parallel Languages and Systems: A Functional Note

We propose a comparative approach to the incremental evaluation of parallel functional languages and their systems. The approach relies on the rich source of literature found in numerical software libraries though not restricted solely to them. The approach should extend itself to the analysis of imperative systems as well. This proposal will describe the advantages of such an approach using specific examples.
Mining Tours and Paths in Activity Networks

The proliferation of online social networks and the spread of smart mobile devices enable the collection of information related to a multitude of users' activities. These networks, where every node is associated with a type of action and a frequency, are usually referred to as activity networks. Examples of such networks include road networks, where the nodes are intersections and the edges are road segments. Each node is associated with a number of geolocated actions that users of an online platform took in its vicinity. In these networks, we define a prize-collecting subgraph to be a connected set of nodes, which exhibits high levels of activity, and is compact, i.e., the nodes are close to each other. The k-PCSubgraphs problem we address in this paper is defined as follows: given an activity network and an integer k, identify k non-overlapping and connected subgraphs of the network such that the nodes of each subgraph are close to each other, and the total number of actions they are associated with is high. Here, we define and study two new variants of the k-PCSubgraphs problem, where the subgraphs of interest are tours and paths. Since both these problems are NP-hard, we provide approximate and heuristic algorithms that run in time nearly-linear to the number of edges. In our experiments, we use real activity networks obtained by combining road networks and projecting on them user activity from Twitter and Flickr. Our experimental results demonstrate both the efficiency and the practical utility of our methods.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery

Right ventricular failure involves a great challenge due to the severity of this condition. In cardiac surgery RV failure is frequently associated with congenital disease and represent a high incidence among cardiac transplant patients when represent the main cause of graft failure. Appropriate hemodynamic monitoring and advanced pharmacological and mechanical support can reduce perioperative mortality in RV perioperative failure patients. Early postoperative care involves special measures to overcome compromised hemodynamics in RV failure cases.
La bella figura: making a good impression when teaching an introduction to programming to non-engineers

This paper presents real and practical solutions to teaching an introductory course in programming to non-engineering students. It addresses the challenges and the potentials of making a good first impression in such a course, including the desire to fit everything into one quarter, the opportunity to encourage students to explore programming further, and the reality that students are looking for a useful tool for use in their respective fields. Specific suggestions and ideas for course content presentation, textbook selection, and course projects are presented that address these challenges.
Future Implications of Simulation in Anesthesia

It is a simplification to view simulators as the solution that will address shortcomings in education. Simulation is not the end point; it is only a tool that must be one part of a well-considered and well-executed curriculum. This chapter will discuss some of the forces that are shaping how simulation is currently being used and will speculate on how they may impact the ways in which simulation may be used in the future, both in education and in the clinical setting. Recent technologic advances and how they may impact the use of simulation will be addressed. Practice, Policy, and Pressures Many changes have occurred in the medical educational environment in recent years. In response to increased awareness of the errors in medicine, the public has become skeptical of the healthcare system, which has led to growing demands for accountability, safe care, quality care, and demonstration of competency by the individuals and facilities that provide care. Patients are more vocal than ever about their care and are increasingly reluctant to participate in clinical education so that physicians in training can learn their craft, particularly if the physicians are junior learners. In addition, payers are demanding that clinicians produce evidence that they are improving the quality of care that they deliver. These factors frequently collide with the needs of learners in a clinical environment; as mentors carry heavier clinical loads in the face of lower reimbursements, patients become reluctant to have learners involved with their care, and their threshold for acceptance of errors becomes ever lower.
Development and Validation of a Multiparameterized Artificial Neural Network for Prostate Cancer Risk Prediction and Stratification.

PurposeTo develop and validate a multiparameterized artificial neural network (ANN) on the basis of personal health information for prostate cancer risk prediction and stratification.MethodsThe 1997 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey adult survey data were used to train and validate a multiparameterized ANN, with parameters including age, body mass index, diabetes status, smoking status, emphysema, asthma, race, ethnicity, hypertension, heart disease, exercise habits, and history of stroke. We developed a training set of patients ≥ 45 years of age with a first primary prostate cancer diagnosed within 4 years of the survey. After training, the sensitivity and specificity were obtained as functions of the cutoff values of the continuous output of the ANN. We also evaluated the ANN with the 2016 data set for cancer risk stratification.ResultsWe identified 1,672 patients with prostate cancer and 100,033 respondents without cancer in the 1997 to 2015 data sets. The training set had a sensitivity of 21.5%...
Exploring the buffer effect of receiving social support on lonely and emotionally unstable social networking users

Abstract Although much research has been conducted to explain the stresses related to the use of social networking sites (SNSs), it remains unclear how this stress from SNS-related activities can be alleviated, especially for users who are associated with problematic use of SNS, namely lonely and emotionally unstable users. This paper draws from the field of medicine the buffer effect of social support theory to postulate that receiving social support online is a potential deterrent of exhaustion and a promoter of user satisfaction. The study depicts the role of receiving social support in a context involving social overload, exhaustion, satisfaction, and the intention to discontinue using a SNS. Based on a sample of 1285 Facebook users, it is found that receiving social support in general helps ease the exhaustion users feel from their SNS use and improves their SNS satisfaction. However, despite the positive effect of receiving social support, SNS use does not provide the same level of benefit to everyone and appears to be a greater source of stress for lonely and emotionally unstable users.
Variations in the timing of first sexual experiences among populations with physical disabilities in the United States.

Abstract Background Timing of first sex has important implications for later sexual health, but little research has considered this in populations with physical disabilities. Objective The purpose of this paper was to examine timing of sexual experiences among populations with physical disabilities in the United States from adolescence to early adulthood, and how timing varies by biological sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. We hypothesized that those with physical disabilities would exhibit earlier initiation of each type of sexual activity compared to those without disabilities, but the degree of differences would depend on disability severity. We further hypothesized that these associations would be moderated by biological sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Methods Data were from 13,458 respondents to Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Cox proportional hazards models assessed differences in timing of vaginal, oral, anal, and first sex by disability severity. Results Populations with the most severe physical disabilities had a significantly slower progression to first vaginal sex, oral sex, and their first sexual experience compared to those without disabilities (aHR: 0.74–0.77). Timing also differed by biological sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, though the direction and degree of these differences varied by disability severity. Conclusions Results fill an important gap in the literature by considering variations in sexual timing among populations with physical disabilities using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample. Future research should continue to promote inclusion of populations with disabilities to inform future policies and programs for healthy sexual development.
Smoke and mirrors: a thematically based polemic of whiteness and the myth of desegregation in US school reform

In the USA, the dominant narrative surrounding the issue of racial and ethnic discrimination in American public education centres on the rhetoric of steady progress towards equality. While the nati...
An annotated bibliography of scientific visualization. Part 1

This bibliography evolved as a network using the papers in the volume Visualization of Scientific Computing edited by Gregory M. Nielson and Bruce Shriver and published by IEEE Computer Society Press, 1990 as the root nodes. From there, the supplied reference lists were recursively traversed until a closure resulted either from the common links or from the effective grounding by the highly technical literature of application specializations. As usual, the standard disclaimers apply; so, for example, this collection is hopefully complete (in the sense that subsets of papers form research vectors that span the space of scientific visualization), but obviously not exhaustively comprehensive. Some of the entries are of a general survey nature, whereas others are quite specific and technical. Pivotal and often quoted works comprise the bulk of the material, but works of historical and developmental significance are also included especially where they point to researchers, research centres and journals where important work has been, and is being, performed and recorded. The annotations accompanying the references tend to be impressionistic and apologies to the authors are hereby noted for those instances where omissions, misunderstandings and whimsy have resulted in misinterpretations.
Effect of Coherent Structures on Aero-Optic Distortion in a Turbulent Boundary Layer

The deflection of a small-aperture laser beam was studied as it passed through an incompressible turbulent boundary layer that was heated at the wall. The heating at the wall was sufficiently mild ...
Piloting Test of a Mindfulness Meditation Intervention to Reduce Stress in Younger Stroke Patients

Introduction . The population of younger people having strokes is growing. Persons who are younger and have a stroke have specific stressors after a stroke that those over 60 may not experience (e.g., ability to earn an income, provide for a family, returning to work, etc.). Aim . In order to address some of these age-specific stressors, new and novel approaches to stress mediation are needed. In order to address this gap in the literature this study piloted a mindfulness meditation with younger in hospital stroke survivors. Material and Methods . Prospective non-randomized pilot study of in-hospital stroke patients < 60 years of age. Baseline assessment included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and respiratory rate (RR). Patients received a 10-minute mindfulness training session with instructions for home use. PSS, HR, BP, and RR were collected immediately after training and telephone assessments of PSS were collected 30-day post discharge. Results . The mean age of the 21 patients included in the final analysis was 47.4 years. Paired t-test showed statistically significant differences in heart rate (p < 0.001) and respiratory rate (p < 0.001) before and after the intervention, but no statistically significant differences in pre and post training blood pressure (p = 0.480). There was no statistically significant difference in PSS scores before and after the training. Conclusions . The findings of this study suggest that the mindfulness intervention is feasible for in-hospital stroke patients and shows promise for reducing stress, as indicated by physiologic changes such as lowering heart and blood pressure rates. (JNNN 2019;8(2):48–53)
Neutrophil extracellular traps in breast cancer and beyond: current perspectives on NET stimuli, thrombosis and metastasis, and clinical utility for diagnosis and treatment

The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), known as NETosis, was first observed as a novel immune response to bacterial infection, but has since been found to occur abnormally in a variety of other inflammatory disease states including cancer. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women. In breast cancer, NETosis has been linked to increased disease progression, metastasis, and complications such as venous thromboembolism. NET-targeted therapies have shown success in preclinical cancer models and may prove valuable clinical targets in slowing or halting tumor progression in breast cancer patients. We will briefly outline the mechanisms by which NETs may form in the tumor microenvironment and circulation, including the crosstalk between neutrophils, tumor cells, endothelial cells, and platelets as well as the role of cancer-associated extracellular vesicles in modulating neutrophil behavior and NET extrusion. The prognostic implications of cancer-associated NETosis will be explored in addition to development of novel therapeutics aimed at targeting NET interactions to improve outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
What Is Six Hours Worth? The Impact of Lead Time on Tropical-Storm Preparation Decisions

Emergency managers must make high-stakes decisions regarding preparation for tropical storms when there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the storm’s impacts. Forecast quality improves as...
Information Systems Quality Issues to Consider when Developing and Implementing Web Based Teaching Environments.

. This paper discusses how information systems (IS) quality literature suggests that certain quality factors are important to consider when developing and implementing systems. This paper then identifies how these IS quality factors are relevant to web based teaching environments, and what could happen if information systems quality is not considered. Lastly, this paper provides web based teaching practitioners and developers with practical guidelines on how to incorporate IS quality factors into the development and implementation of web based teaching environments.
Case-Controlled Analysis of the Direct Superior and Mini-Posterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty at a Minimum of Two Years of Follow Up.

Introduction The direct superior approach to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a recently developed technique aimed at sparing the iliotibial band, obturator externus tendon, and quadratus femoris muscle while working within the familiar anatomical landscape of the posterior approach. While the direct superior approach has been used for more than a decade, there is a lack of midterm outcomes and safety data. This study elaborates on promising short-term results and aims to investigate the midterm outcomes of the direct superior approach. Materials and methods We present a unicentric, retrospective case-controlled analysis of a minimum two-year follow up of the direct superior approach in comparison to those of the more conventional and established mini-posterior approach. Results The results indicate that patient recovery, as measured by Harris Hip Score and timed-up-and-go at three months and two years, are virtually identical. There was no difference in gait aid utilization or frequency of narcotic use. However, there was a statistically significant reduction in length of stay by over one day associated with the direct superior approach (p=0.003). There was no compromise in acetabular component position or observed lucencies over time. Conclusion Overall, the direct superior approach appears to be safe and warrants longer-term study to evaluate its effect on hospital-related cost, same-day discharge, and hip stability.
Upper Extremity Fasciotomy After Arterial Embolization

Compartment syndrome is characterized by an increase in intercompartmental pressure to the point of interruption of tissue microcirculation and ultimately tissue necrosis. While compartment syndrome in the setting of arterial embolization is a relatively rare phenomenon, knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome is required for the surgeon who deals with arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Diagnosis is made via clinical exam and history. Measurement of intercompartmental pressures can help guide diagnosis, especially in those patients in whom obtaining an accurate history and physical exam is challenging, such as the obtunded, intubated, or pediatric patient. Treatment is surgical decompression of all involved compartments. In the forearm, a volar skin incision will give access to both volar compartments and often allow for decompression of the mobile wad as well. Post-operative care is supportive for open wounds with delayed closure, either primary closure or skin graft, to allow for resolution of edema. Delay in diagnosis and operative intervention greater than 6 h following the initiation of compartment syndrome is associated with a higher complication rate. Any suspicion of compartment syndrome should be taken very seriously, the patient should be immediately examined and monitored if necessary.