cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of clinical complete response (cCR) after preoperative chemoradiation and pathological complete response (pathCR) in patients with gastroesophageal cancer (GEC) and indispensability of trimodality therapy (TMT).

4086 Background: TMT strategy has the highest level-1 evidence for treating localized GEC. High rates of cCR (defined as post-chemoradiation negative endoscopic biopsy and physiologic uptake on PET...
Giving eyespots a shiner: Pharmacologic manipulation of the Io moth wing pattern.

Our knowledge of wing pattern formation in Lepidoptera has advanced significantly in recent years due to the careful examination of several groups of butterflies. The eyespot is a prominent feature of Lepidoptera wing pattern, especially in the family Saturniidae. The present study examined how sulfated polysaccharides affected the wing pattern formation of the Io moth, Automeris io (Saturniidae). Prepupae and pupae of this species were subjected to injections of heparin and cold shock. While the cold shock had little to no effect on wing pattern, the aberrations resulting from heparin injections were moderate to profound and depended on the dose and the stage at which injection was made. The changes consisted of expansion of the black ring around the dorsal hindwing eyespots and distortion of discal spots on both dorsal and ventral sides of forewings, suggesting a possible link between genetic controls of these elements. Several different types of scales form the normal color pattern of Automeris io , and heparin-induced changes correspond to changes in shape of scales. The resulting aberrations are dubbed ‘Black Eye’ and ‘Comet Eye.’ Other known aberrations of Automeris io eyespots are summarized, illustrated, and named.
Minimum Induced Power for a Rotor with a Finite Number of Blades

A dynamic inflow model is used to calculate minimum induced power for a helicopter in high-speed forward flight with a finite number of blades. Comparisons between analytical and numerical results ...
Sgx-Lapd: Thwarting Controlled Side Channel Attacks via Enclave Verifiable Page Faults

To make outsourcing computing more practical, Intel recently introduced SGX, a hardware extension that creates secure enclaves for the execution of client applications. With SGX, instruction execution and data access inside an enclave are invisible to the underlying OS, thereby achieving both confidentiality and integrity for outsourced computing. However, since SGX excludes the OS from its trusted computing base, now a malicious OS can attack SGX applications, particularly through controlled side channel attacks, which can extract application secrets through page fault patterns. This paper presents Sgx-Lapd, a novel defense that uses compiler instrumentation and enclave verifiable page fault to thwart malicious OS from launching page fault attacks. We have implemented Sgx-Lapd atop Linux kernel 4.2.0 and LLVM 3.6.2. Our experimental results show that it introduces reasonable overhead for SGX-nbench, a set of SGX benchmark programs that we developed.
An Application of the Oscillation of a Function at a Point

(1971). An Application of the Oscillation of a Function at a Point. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 9-9.
Dual Pumping Scheme for Efficient 4 μm Operation of a Ho:InF 3 Glass Fiber Laser

Numerical modeling shows that pumping a Ho-doped fluoroindate fiber laser at both 910 and 2100 nm will give a cw output at 4100 nm with a slope efficiency of ∼17%.
Domain-Specific Relationships in Sexual Measures of Impulsive Behavior

Impulsivity is an important construct for understanding sexual behaviors, but behavioral and self-report measures of impulsivity often are not correlated. One possible explanation for this is that there is little shared variance in the measures because behavioral measures index impulsivity by asking questions about monetary preferences, while self-report measures index impulsivity by asking about a broad range of real-world outcomes (including those of a sexual nature) largely unrelated to money-related preferences. Undergraduate students (total N = 105; female n = 77, male n = 28) completed laboratory measures-delay discounting (DD) and probability discounting (PD)-for two different outcomes-money and sexual activity. Participants also completed the Delaying Gratification Inventory (DGI), which measures difficulty with delaying gratification (i.e., impulsivity) across different domains, including money and physical pleasures. Findings indicated that DD and PD for money were not related to any of the DGI subscales. However, DD for sexual activity was significantly related to the DGI Physical Pleasures subscale, but not other subscales. These findings suggest that the relationship between behavioral and self-report measures of impulsive choice may be stronger when both are measuring domain-specific rather than domain-general behavioral patterns, but further research is warranted.
Ganglioglioma, mTOR Activation, and Epileptogenesis

Gangliogliomas are rare brain tumors but represent the most common neoplasm associated with medically intractable epilepsy. These tumors, which are more often seen in younger patients, are composed of a neuronal and a glial component. Although relatively benign, malignant transformation is sometimes seen in the glial component. The molecular mechanisms behind this transformation as well as those involved in epileptogenesis in gangliogliomas remain unclear. In the past years the mTOR pathway has gained more interest as an important molecular pathway in different forms of cancer. Recently a role for mTOR in the development of epilepsy has been proposed. Because mTOR also seems to be activated in gangliogliomas, it may be important for tumorigenesis and epileptogenesis in these tumors. We will summarize the current knowledge about ganglioglio­mas, with a focus on mTOR activation and epileptogenesis.
Squamates—Part II. Snakes

Snakes are limbless squamates that share a set of unique skeletal traits that separate them from remaining squamates. Approximately 3400 species of snakes are placed in 22 families. Snakes capture, manipulate, and consume their prey using only the body and mouth. Some capture prey with their mouth and simply swallow them, some hold their prey with their mouth and coils of their body, some constrict prey, and yet others inject highly toxic venoms that disable or kill prey. Major modifications of cranial anatomy (unique to snakes) aid in subduing and swallowing prey. Similar to lizards, they occur on all continents except Antarctica. A number of snakes are marine, and although most marine snakes inhabit tropical or subtropical continental shelf regions in the Atlantic Ocean in the Old World, one is pelagic, reaching the Neotropics. Conservation status of snakes is summarized. An up-to-date phylogeny details approximate time periods during which divergences occurred during the evolutionary history of snakes and shows evolutionary relationships among the families as we now know them. Taxonomic accounts provide information on generic content, distribution, characteristics, and biology of each family.
15. Laparoscopic or Endoscopic Management of Esophageal Diverticula

Esophageal diverticula represent a challenging problem for the practicing gastrointestinal surgeon. They can be found in the proximal, mid, and distal esophagus. Their treatment has evolved radically over the past 20 years. Zenker’s diverticulum remains the most common in patients from the western hemisphere, followed by epiphrenic diverticulum. The treatment of each now centers upon not only treating well-formed diverticula, but the underlying cause as well. A brief outline of the underlying pathophysiology and indications for the treatment of Zenker’s, mid-esophageal, and epiphrenic diverticulum is provided. This is followed by a description of operative considerations and techniques. Operative techniques are focused upon the application of laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques as they are currently applied. A review of potential complications as well as subsequent management of morbidity is also included. Finally, a carefully selected list of contemporary readings is provided at the conclusion of the manuscript.
Monotone Censored Data

Let {X(t): t ∈ ℝ≥0} be a multivariate stochastic process indexed by time t. Let T denote an endpoint of this stochastic process, and define X(t) ≡ X(min(t, T)). Let R(t) = I(T≤ t) be one of the components of X(t). We define the full data as \(X = \bar{X}(T) = (X(s):s \leqslant T)\), where T is thus a function X.
“You have to have thick skin”: embracing the affective turn as an approach to investigating the treatment of women working in sports media

Lisa Guerrero chose to leave her job as a sports reporter in 2004 in large part because of years of sexual harassment and abuse in her profession. Her decision to leave the industry—which eventuall...
Legacy sediment storage in New England river valleys: Anthropogenic processes in a postglacial landscape

Abstract Legacy sediment associated with erosion from land clearing is a common feature in river valleys of the unglaciated Mid-Atlantic Piedmont region. Here, we quantify the volume of legacy sediment storage in three watersheds in New England, a formerly glaciated region with similar history and intensity of forest clearing and milldam construction during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries. We combine field observations of bank stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, and mapping of terraces and floodplains using lidar digital elevation models and other GIS datasets. The 68 km2 South River watershed in western Massachusetts exhibits the most extensive evidence for legacy sediment storage. We visited 18 historic dam sites in the watershed and found field evidence for up to 2.2 m of fine sand and silt legacy sediment storage at 14 of the sites. In the 555 km2 Sheepscot River watershed in coastal Maine, we visited 13 historic dam sites and found likely legacy sediment up to 2.3 m thick at six of the dams. In the 171 km2 upper Charles River watershed in eastern Massachusetts, we investigated 14 dam sites, and found legacy sediment up to 1.8 m thick at two of them. Stratigraphically, we identified the base of fine-grained legacy sediment from a change to much coarser grain size (gravel at most sites) or to glacial lacustrine or marine deposits. Along the Sheepscot River, we observed cut timbers underlying historic sediment at several locations, likely associated with sawmill activities. Only at the Charles River were we able to radiocarbon date the underlying gravel layer (1281–1391 calibrated CE). At no site did we find a buried organic-rich Holocene soil, in contrast to the field relations commonly observed in the Mid-Atlantic region. We use lidar elevation data to map planar terrace extents in each watershed, estimate thickness of remaining legacy sediment found stored behind breached or removed milldams, and estimate volumes of remaining legacy sediment storage in valley bottoms for entire watersheds. The maximum volume of stored legacy sediment estimated for the South, Sheepscot, and upper Charles watersheds is 2.5 × 106 m3, 3.7 × 106 m3, and 2.6 × 104 m3, respectively. These volumes of legacy sediment can be translated to an equivalent thickness of soil eroded from each watershed: 37 mm, 7 mm, and 0.2 mm, respectively. We attribute the variation in presence and thickness of legacy sediment at the New England sites to the existence or absence of upstream sediment supply in the form of thick glacial deposits and to sinks such as lakes and wetlands along valley bottoms. Of the three study watersheds, the South River has the most extensive glacial sediments, fewest sinks, and the most legacy sediment in storage along the river corridor.
Molecular Cytopathology: Final Thoughts and Future Directions

The rapid integration of molecular diagnostic assays into pathology has revolutionized the practice of diagnostic cytopathology by providing a genomic dimension to morphologic diagnoses while providing predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic information for patient care. The versatility of cytology specimen preparations provides a variety of options for performing molecular assays, as long as the pre-analytic aspects of specimen processing and handling are optimized and the tests are appropriately validated. With the increasing use of liquid biopsy assays, several investigators are exploring molecular testing using tumor-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in cytology samples. In addition, cytopathologists are discovering ways to better utilize cytology specimens by repurposing previously discarded samples to provide additional genomic information in cases that would otherwise warrant an additional biopsy. These novel applications of molecular assays in cytology have expanded the role of cytopathology in routine patient care. Cytopathologists will need to continue to evolve with the changing landscape of molecular medicine, to adopt and optimize new technology, and to integrate molecular methods into routine cytopathology practice.
Tweet style: campaigning, governing, and social media in Australia

When politicians use the new tools of social media to talk directly to voters, how strategic are these communications? Do lawmakers change how they present themselves in different situations, tweet...
Addressing the Noise Variance Problem in Sparse Bayesian Learning

The Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) / Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) algorithm and their variations show exceptional performance for compressed sensing and sparse signal recovery applications. The Bayesian framework allows for naturally incorporating multiple measurement vectors, structure, temporal correlations, etc. A drawback of this algorithm is the failure of recovering the noise variance / regularization in low SNR scenarios despite there being a closed-form EM update rule. There is potential for suboptimal performance due to difficulty in setting the noise variance. We attempt to alleviate this problem by using a Jeffreys prior as an alternate to a uniform prior on the hyper-parameters in the original SBL formulation. We suggest an approach for setting the optimal noise variance such that the Jeffreys prior is imitated and provide some preliminary theoretical justification. The resulting method has the benefit of avoiding premature pruning as well as better noise variance characteristics. The hypothesis is validated with an experimental study. We further provide extensions of this approach for the case of Multiple Measurement Vectors (MMV), perturbed sensing matrices and complex-domain settings.
Effects of over-expressed truncated Hoxa-1 protein on the expression of Hoxa-1 and its target genes

1584 Retinoic acid plays an important role in development by transcriptionally regulating the expression of Hox genes. Hox genes are a group of transcription factors that bind to DNA through a helix-turn-helix motif termed the homeodomain. These genes are involved in establishing anterior to posterior pattern formation during vertebrate development. Aberrant expression of Hox genes has been implicated in carcinogenesis. For example, the Nup98-HoxA9 fusion protein inhibits differentiation and promotes transformation of haematopoietic progenitor cells. Cervical and lumbro-sacral HOX gene expression is altered in primary human breast cancers when compared to normal tissue. Also, Hoxa-1 expression has been detected in carcinomas of the mouse mammary gland but not in normal mammary tissue. Previously our lab has shown that RA directly regulates the expression of Hoxa-1 (previously termed ERA-1) in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. The Hoxa-1 gene encodes two alternatively spliced mRNAs that can direct the synthesis of two distinct proteins, one that contains the homeobox, Hoxa-1-993, and another truncated protein that lacks the DNA binding domain, Hoxa-1-399. Additionally, a third alternatively spliced transcript of HOXA1 (also lacking the conserved DNA binding domain) has been reported in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. The functions of the Hox proteins that lack the homeodomain are not known. Therefore, a major question in the field concerns the function of the smaller Hoxa-1 protein, which lacks the DNA binding domain. We have employed wild type and EW-F9 mutant embryonic stem cells, which over-express the Hoxa-1-399 transcript in the presence of zinc, to examine the effects of the shorter Hoxa-1 protein on the expression of Hoxa-1 target genes. Northern blot analysis shows that over-expression of Hoxa-1-399 in EW-F9 cells enhances expression of endogenous Hoxa-1, Hoxb-1 (a known Hoxa-1 target), and Hox cofactors, Meis and Pbx1. Therefore, these results may indicate that the function of the truncated Hoxa-1 protein is to up-regulate the expression of Hoxa-1 target genes, possibly by stabilizing the Hoxa-1-993 message or enhancing the transcription of the Hoxa-1 gene.
Improved CO2 utilization efficiency using membrane carbonation in outdoor raceways

Abstract Membrane carbonation, the delivery of CO2 by diffusion through non-porous hollow fiber membranes, was successfully integrated into outdoor raceways (5.6 m2, 900 L) and operated continuously for up to 45 days. Biomass productivity associated with membrane carbonation was similar to using traditional sparging, but the average carbon utilization efficiencies for membrane carbonation was 3-fold higher than for sparging when 100% CO2 was delivered to both systems. When the pH setpoint was 8.5, growth on ammonium bicarbonate using membrane carbonation achieved a carbon utilization efficiency of 106 ± 45% due to uptake of some carbon from bicarbonate. Using nitrate as the N source had a 78 ± 55% carbon utilization efficiency, due to dissolved inorganic carbon accumulation as the medium alkalinity increased. Lowering the pH setpoint to 8.0 created a carbon-rich environment that decreased the carbon utilization efficiency to 51 ± 27% due to CO2 off-gassing, but it still was 3-fold higher than with sparging.
Beam angle comparison for distal esophageal carcinoma patients treated with intensity-modulated proton therapy.

Purpose To compare the dosimetric performances of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans generated with two different beam angle configurations (the Right-Left oblique posterior beams and the Superior-Inferior oblique posterior beams) for the treatment of distal esophageal carcinoma in the presence of uncertainties and interplay effect. Methods and materials Twenty patients' IMPT plans were retrospectively selected, with 10 patients treated with the R-L oblique posterior beams (Group R-L) and the other 10 patients treated with the S-I oblique posterior beams (Group S-I). Patients in both groups were matched by their clinical target volumes (CTVs-high and low dose levels) and respiratory motion amplitudes. Dose-volume-histogram (DVH) indices were used to assess plan quality. DVH bandwidth was calculated to evaluate plan robustness. Interplay effect was quantified using four-dimensional (4D) dynamic dose calculation with random respiratory starting phase of each fraction. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for heart, liver, and lung was calculated, respectively, to estimate the clinical outcomes. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical comparison between the two groups. Results Compared with plans in Group R-L, plans in Group S-I resulted in significantly lower liver Dmean and lung V30Gy[RBE] with slightly higher but clinically acceptable spinal cord Dmax . Similar plan robustness was observed between the two groups. When interplay effect was considered, plans in Group S-I performed statistically better for heart Dmean and V30Gy[RBE] , lung Dmean and V5Gy[RBE] , and liver Dmean , with slightly increased but clinically acceptable spinal cord Dmax . NTCP for liver was significantly better in Group S-I. Conclusions IMPT plans in Group S-I have better sparing of liver, heart, and lungs at the slight cost of spinal cord maximum dose protection, and are more interplay-effect resilient compared to IMPT plans in Group R-L. Our study supports the routine use of the S-I oblique posterior beams for the treatments of distal esophageal carcinoma.
The role of YY1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: A tale of cytokines, ncRNAs, and aberrant fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents a continued strain on modern healthcare and economic systems. The molecular factors driving the rampant inflammatory response in RA add layers of complexity to our understanding of RA pathogenesis. From the time of onset to disease progression, the abnormal cytokine landscape converts both immune cells and stromal cells in the synovial joint to proinflammatory phenotypes that promote cartilage and bone damage. Recently, sets of microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have given additional clues as to how RA-associated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) influence the divergence from normal joint homeostasis. Through integrating data on the various impacts of critical effector pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway, we may reinforce our knowledge of the forces behind persistent local and systemic autoimmunity. Emerging evidence supports a pathogenic role for the multifunctional transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in RA. YY1 is best known for its importance in regulating key development processes and tumorigenesis. Reported studies have described interactions between YY1 and various pathways known to amplify cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and enhance the “tumor-like” qualities of RAFLSs. In this chapter, we reviewed the literature implicating YY1 in various aspects of the pathophysiology of RA and have proposed two putative pathways that may link disparate findings into a cohesive network: the TNF-α/NF-κB/YY1/ANRIL/miR-122-5p axis and the TNF-α/Notch1/YY1/c-myc axis. Accordingly, we have added YY1 to the repertoire of potential therapeutic targets that, when inhibited, may hamper the chronic inflammatory response in RA.
Assessing Risk of Breast Cancer: A Review of Risk Prediction Models

Accurate and individualized breast cancer risk assessment can be used to guide personalized screening and prevention recommendations. Existing risk prediction models use genetic and nongenetic risk factors to provide an estimate of a woman's breast cancer risk and/or the likelihood that she has a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Each model is best suited for specific clinical scenarios and may have limited applicability in certain types of patients. For example, the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool, which identifies women who would benefit from chemoprevention, is readily accessible and user-friendly but cannot be used in women under 35 years of age or those with prior breast cancer or lobular carcinoma in situ. Emerging research on deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) models suggests that mammographic images contain risk indicators that could be used to strengthen existing risk prediction models. This article reviews breast cancer risk factors, describes the appropriate use, strengths, and limitations of each risk prediction model, and discusses the emerging role of AI for risk assessment.
The Association of Microaggressions with Depressive Symptoms and Institutional Satisfaction Among a National Cohort of Medical Students.

Despite substantial research on medical student mistreatment, there is scant quantitative data on microaggressions in US medical education. To assess US medical students’ experiences of microaggressions and how these experiences influenced students’ mental health and medical school satisfaction. We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey of US medical students’ experiences of microaggressions. The primary outcome was a positive depression screen on the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Medical school satisfaction was a secondary outcome. We used logistic regression to model the association between respondents’ reported microaggression frequency and the likelihood of a positive PHQ-2 screen. For secondary outcomes, we used the chi-squared statistic to test associations between microaggression exposure and medical school satisfaction. Out of 759 respondents, 61% experienced at least one microaggression weekly. Gender (64.4%), race/ethnicity (60.5%), and age (40.9%) were the most commonly cited reasons for experiencing microaggressions. Increased microaggression frequency was associated with a positive depression screen in a dose-response relationship, with second, third, and fourth (highest) quartiles of microaggression frequency having odds ratios of 2.71 (95% CI: 1–7.9), 3.87 (95% CI: 1.48–11.05), and 9.38 (95% CI: 3.71–26.69), relative to the first quartile. Medical students who experienced at least one microaggression weekly were more likely to consider medical school transfer (14.5% vs 4.7%, p<0.001) and withdrawal (18.2% vs 5.7%, p<0.001) and more likely to believe microaggressions were a normal part of medical school culture (62.3% vs 32.1%) compared to students who experienced microaggressions less frequently. To our knowledge, this is the largest study on the experiences and influences of microaggressions among a national sample of US medical students. Our major findings were that microaggressions are frequent occurrences and that the experience of microaggressions was associated with a positive depression screening and decreased medical school satisfaction.
Prescribing Aducanumab in the Face of Meager Efficacy and Real Risks.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved aducanumab on June 7, 2021, using an accelerated approval mechanism, based on evidence that aducanumab reduced brain β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide.1 The FDA press release stated that the effect on the surrogate end point “is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit to patients…” at some point in the future. As clinical neurologists, we should understand the evidence for this approval and whether this justifies prescribing this medication.
Isoxazole-9 reduces enhanced fear responses and retrieval in ethanol-dependent male rats.

Plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) is strongly influenced by ethanol, and ethanol experience alters long-term memory consolidation dependent on the DG. However, it is unclear if DG plasticity plays a role in dysregulation of long-term memory consolidation during abstinence from chronic ethanol experience. Outbred male Wistar rats experienced 7 weeks of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE). Seventy-two hours after CIE cessation, CIE and age-matched ethanol-naive Air controls experienced auditory trace fear conditioning (TFC). Rats were tested for cue-mediated retrieval in the fear context either twenty-four hours (24 hr), ten days (10 days), or twenty-one days (21 days) later. CIE rats showed enhanced freezing behavior during TFC acquisition compared to Air rats. Air rats showed significant fear retrieval, and this behavior did not differ at the three time points. In CIE rats, fear retrieval increased over time during abstinence, indicating an incubation in fear responses. Enhanced retrieval at 21 days was associated with reduced structural and functional plasticity of ventral granule cell neurons (GCNs) and reduced expression of synaptic proteins important for neuronal plasticity. Systemic treatment with the drug Isoxazole-9 (Isx-9; small molecule that stimulates DG plasticity) during the last week and a half of CIE blocked altered acquisition and retrieval of fear memories in CIE rats during abstinence. Concurrently, Isx-9 modulated the structural and functional plasticity of ventral GCNs and the expression of synaptic proteins in the ventral DG. These findings identify that abstinence-induced disruption of fear memory consolidation occurs via altered plasticity within the ventral DG, and that Isx-9 prevented these effects.
The Experiences of Black Female Faculty in Counselor Education

This qualitative study examined the experiences of nine Black female faculty in counselor education. The following themes emerged: Multifaceted Institutional Experiences as Black Faculty, Importanc...
CFD validation of condensation heat transfer in scaled-down small modular reactor applications, Part 1: Pure steam

This study presented the state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation and scaling of the condensation heat transfer (CHT) models for passive containment cooling system (PCCS) of the small modular reactor (SMR). The STAR-CCM+ software with real 3D computational domains was used to validate the condensation models with a preliminary assessment of pure steam scaling performance. The boundary and appropriate physics conditions from the test data were applied. The condensation was modeled using the condensation-seed parameter as a source term for mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. A small percentage of air (within 1%) was considered in the test section; hence, multi-component gas models were used. The implicit-unsteady numerical solver was applied to improve numerical stability. Mesh size, run time (duration), and time step sensitivity analyses were applied to obtain optimized simulation results. The test fluid parameters—temperature (at bulk steam-mixture, bulk coolant, inner and outer tube walls), condensation film thickness, mass fraction, and heat flux—were utilized to validate the CFD simulations. Finally, Nusselt number (Nu), as the dimensionless number heat transfer, was calculated for diameter scaled-up and scaled-down geometries. The heat transfer coefficient and Nu values were compared to evaluate the scalability performance of CHT models.
Exploration-dependent modulation of evoked responses in fascia dentata: dissociation of motor, EEG, and sensory factors and evidence for a synaptic efficacy change.

Sharp et al. (1986, 1989) described several alterations in hippocampal responses to perforant path stimulation which accompany exploratory activity. Animals transferred from one environment to another exhibited substantial increases in population EPSPs, and large decreases in both the amplitude and the peak latency of population spikes. These changes are unlike the “gating” effects of behavioral state reported by Winson and Abzug (1977, 1978) in that they considerably outlast the behaviors that produce them and (as shown here) can be dissociated from the EEG state of the hippocampus. In this report we describe several new observations that aid in the interpretation of the possible mechanisms and functional significance of these effects. Transportation of animals from their home environment to a different location was accompanied by: (1) an increase in the incidence of exploratory behavior, and EEG theta rhythm, (2) a substantial, reliable, and persistent (more than 15 min) elevation in the size of the evoked field EPSP recorded at the site of synaptic activation in the stratum moleculare and in the stratum granulosum/hilus, and (3) a reduction in the evoked population spike, and (paradoxically) in the latencies to spike onset and peak. There were no associated changes in the spike threshold (defined as the magnitude of the field EPSP at spike onset), the amplitude of the presynaptic fiber volley, or the fractional change in the second synaptic response during paired-pulse stimulation (suggesting the absence of a change in fractional transmitter release). Neither the motor component of exploratory behaviors nor the hippocampal theta rhythm itself was sufficient to account for the changes in the synaptic and spike components of the response. Thus, the changes may depend on reorientation of the animal's sensorium during exploration, rather than on movement per se or the associated hippocampal theta rhythm. The results of these experiments suggest that exploration-related EPSP growth is due neither to granule cell hyperpolarization nor to changes in the distribution of current sources and sinks on granule cells. Rather, the data suggest that exploratory behavior is accompanied by a substantial increase in evoked synaptic efficacy in granule cells, an increase that long outlasts the behavior that produces it. A possible role for these alterations in information processing and memory is discussed.
Language, Culture, and Society: Methodological issues in cross-language color naming

The universals and evolution (UE) model in cross-language color naming research, stemming from Berlin and Kay (1969) and most recently embodied in Kay and Maffi (1999) has been criticized on the grounds, among others, (1) that many languages contain words which express both color and non-color properties, (2) that in many languages words which express color properties do not form a coherent morpho-syntactic class, and (3) that the purported findings of this tradition of research are artifacts of a biased method of investigation. Each of these charges is answered.
Multidisciplinary teams in thoracic oncology-from tragic to strategic

The Journal has been constantly re-inventing itself since inception as is evidenced by randomly browsing at issues every successive year. Specific priority fields have changed over the years in parallel with novel developments emerging in the field of thoracic oncology and in several instances the subjects covered in the journal have even set the trend. Very clearly, methodology of the published papers has improved from mainly explorative retrospective work to more hypothesis-driven prospective approaches. Revolutionary new areas have been integrated such as the present article on Multidisciplinary Teams.
Nature of the bonding between silicon and the cobalt tetrcarbonyl group in silycobalt tetracarbonyl

Abstract Mass spectral studies of two cobalt carbonyl compounds, Cl3SiCo(CO)x-(PF3)4-x where x = 2 and 3, including fragmentation patterns, metastable ion current intensities, and appearance potentials have yielded data which are interpreted in support of (d → d)π bonding and/or intramolecular interaction between the silyl substituent and the equatorial ligand. The heat of formation of the two compounds was found to be −748±10 kcal mol−1 for x = 2 and −548±10 kcal mol−1 for x = 3. The Cl3Si–CoL4 bond energy was estimated to be 96±10 kcal mol−1 for both compounds.
Steering heterogeneous sciences in the Dutch and Italian higher education systems

This paper studies how the implementation of New Public Management reforms in Higher Education affects the academic bodies' steering in different national systems and disciplines. It is assumed that the steering capability depends on the characteristics of each system and discipline. The work includes three case studies (two Italian universities and one Dutch university); two research institutes are selected for each university: one HS institute (either Biomedical Sciences or Physics) and one SoSc institute (Management). Evidence confirms that steering capability improves in some disciplines, while other scientific fields remain hardly steerable because the levers are weak, the interest of society and policy makers in research outcomes is small, and the reputational organisations are very influential.
A proposed process for performing data mining projects

There is an enormous amount of data generated by academic, business, and governmental organizations alike; however, only a small portion of the data that is collected and stored in databases is ever analyzed. Since data are the building blocks for both information and knowledge, the opportunity costs (to organizations) of ignoring data assets can range from competitive disadvantage to organizational demise. Data mining has thus emerged as a discipline focusing on unleashing the potential of data in organizations. The enthusiasm surrounding data mining at large continues to grow; however, at the same time, there are claims that data mining projects fail in delivering the expected value. Many of the causes of the failures can be traced back to strategy, process and technology variables. The purpose of this chapter is to discover a process for performing data mining projects and to propose this process to practitioners as a starting point when making decisions about planning, organizing, executing and closing data mining projects. Literature on package implementation, rapid application development and new product development together with results from a case study are used to arrive at the proposed data mining process. More research is needed to evaluate, refine and validate the proposed process before it can be used as the basis for developing a comprehensive methodology for performing data mining projects.
Topic-based language models using EM.

In this paper, we propose a novel statistical language model to capture topic-related long-range dependencies. Topics are modeled in a latent variable framework in which we also derive an EM algorithm to perform a topic factor decomposition based on a segmented training corpus. The topic model is combined with a standard language model to be used for on-line word prediction. Perplexity results indicate an improvement over previously proposed topic models, which unfortunately has not translated into lower word error.
Memoryless Thermodynamics? A Reply

Several years ago, Chris Jarzynski and one of us (DM)introduced a solvable model of a thermodynamic ratchetthat leveraged information to convert thermal energy towork [1, 2]. Our hope was to give a new level of under-standing of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and oneof its longest-lived counterexamples—Maxwell’s Demon.As it reads in “bits” from an input string Y, a detailed-balance stochastic multistate controller raises or lowers amass against gravity, writing “exhaust” bits to an outputstring Y
A New Zealand Black-derived locus suppresses chronic graft-versus-host disease and autoantibody production through nonlymphoid bone marrow-derived cells.

The development of lupus pathogenesis results from the integration of susceptibility and resistance genes. We have used a chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) model to characterize a suppressive locus at the telomeric end of the NZM2410-derived Sle2 susceptibility locus, which we named Sle2c2. cGVHD is induced normally in Sle2c2-expressing mice, but it is not sustained. The analysis of mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that cGVHD resistance was eliminated by non-B non-T hematopoietic cells expressing the B6 allele, suggesting that resistance is mediated by this same cell type. Furthermore, Sle2c2 expression was associated with an increased number and activation of the CD11b+ GR-1+ subset of granulocytes before and in the early stage of cGVHD induction. We have mapped the Sle2c2 critical interval to a 6-Mb region that contains the Cfs3r gene, which encodes for the G-CSFR, and its NZM2410 allele carries a nonsynonymous mutation. The G-CSFR–G-CSF pathway has been previously implicated in the regulation of GVHD, and our functional data on Sle2c2 suppression suggest a novel regulation of T cell-induced systemic autoimmunity through myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The validation of Csf3r as the causative gene for Sle2c2 and the further characterization of the Sle2c2 MDSCs promise to unveil new mechanisms by which lupus pathogenesis is regulated.
Jonathan Keats, Virtual Words: Language on the Edge of Science and Technology

The neologism, the strained recursive acronym, and the process of adding or dropping a vowel—these may well be the core technologies of contemporary technoculture. Each technology (or at least each copyrightable variant); each trend; each concept; each new practice; each noun, adjective, or verb; and every achievement, real or imagined, seems to foster a new proliferation of terms. Defenders of the old faith of the English language—the sort who like to remind you that Shakespeare wrote in English—alternately pout and smirk at a language run riot, its growth knowing no reason but its own cancerous fecundity. Or perhaps this panoply represents the latest example of the fertility of language and the carnivalesque delights to be had in a surfeit of words. Or is it a plastic-y bubble of marketing cant, of meaningful human advancement sublimated into product differentiation? Or could it be traces of a future spilling forth its possibility into the language of the present, that old future of the optimistic days? These seem to be the coordinates in which discussions of the language of technology take place. Thankfully, Jonathon Keats’ Virtual Words: Language on the Edge of Science and Technology takes us elsewhere. True, Keats does seem to take pleasure in the Rabelaisian tumult of it all, just as he also keeps his hatchet sharpened for the occasional worthy target, but this is a book about such enthusiasm and skepticism, not defined by them.
The XYY syndrome in children: A review

The XYY sex chromosome complement in males was first described in 1961. A range of associated characteristics were subsequently noted. These included intellectual deficiencies, genital abnormalities, extreme tallness, and aggressiveness. Most of the studies and all of the review articles have concentrated on adults. This paper describes the XYY syndrome in children by reviewing the available literature and citing two new cases. It concludes that for children, there are no proven phenotypic expressions associated with the XYY sex chromosome complement. Clinically it is recommended that for the time being, parents and patients not be informed of this finding.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Vasculitic Mononeuropathy Multiplex

• The initial appearance and course of 19 patients with mononeuropathy multiplex due to systemic vasculitis were evaluated. Neuropathy first occurred within one year of the onset of systemic vasculitis in all patients and within one year of the onset of rheumatoid arthritis in four of nine patients. Concurrent cutaneous arteritic lesions and elevated ESRs occurred more frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in those without it. The overall six-month and five-year survival rates were approximately 80% and 60%, respectively. Significant nerve improvement was noted in 86% of surviving patients after one year. There were no factors at initial appearance predictive of outcome.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of α- and β-CsTi3P5O19

Abstract Crystals of α-CsTi 3 P 5 O 19 , the low temperature phase, and β-CsTi 3 P 5 O 19 , the high temperature phase, have been obtained by flux growth methods and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystal data: α-CsTi 3 P 5 O 19 , monoclinic, Cm , a = 9.309(2) A, b = 14.081(3) A, c = 6.314(1) A, β = 105.82(3)°, V = 796.3 A 3 Z = 2, R = 0.027 for 928 unique reflections; β-CsTi 3 P 5 O 19 , monoclinic, C 2/ c , a = 10.987(1) A, b = 16.588(1) A, c = 8.7618(8) A, β = 100.09(1)°, V = 1572.2 A 3 , Z = 4, R = 0.038 for 1678 unique reflections. The two polymorphs have different three-dimensional networks of vertex-sharing octahedra and tetraheda. The framework of the α-phase consists of dimers of corner-sharing TiO 6 octahedra and discrete TiO 6 octahedra joined through PO 4 tetrahedra and P 2 O 7 groups by corner-sharing. The β-phase is built up from discrete TiO 6 octahedra, PO 4 tetrahedra, and P 2 O 7 groups. The structural formulas are CsTi(Ti 2 O)(PO 4 )(P 2 O 7 ) 2 and CsTi 3 (PO 4 ) 3 (P 2 O 7 ) for the α- and β-phases, respectively. Both frameworks have tunnels where the cesium cations are located. The cesium cations in the β-phase are disordered.
Impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillators on survival and recurrent hospitalization in advanced heart failure.

Background Although implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are increasingly used in advanced (class III/IV) heart failure, their benefits may be limited by death from pump failure and data are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of QRS duration and disease etiology on survival and rehospitalization in advanced heart failure patients with ICDs. Methods A retrospective study of 438 patients with heart failure (age 56 ± 15, ejection fraction 29 ± 15, 76% class III/IV) discharged between 1996 and 2000 was performed. Results An ICD was placed in 94 of the 438 patients for nonsustained (51.1%) or sustained (24.4%) ventricular arrhythmia, syncope (16.0%), or prophylaxis (8.5%). Patients with ICDs had a lower mean baseline ejection fraction (25% vs 30%, P = .007) but a trend toward fewer class IV symptoms (33% vs 44%, P = .164). Patients with ICDs had better survival (RR 0.48, P = .001) but increased rehospitalization (RR 1.41, P = .031). In both the ischemic and nonischemic subgroups, survival was superior in patients with ICDs (RR 0.38, P = .003 and RR 0.54, P = .042). Patients with QRS P = .119) but increased rehospitalization (RR 2.13, P = .021). Patients with QRS ≥120 milliseconds had better survival with an ICD (RR 0.45, P = .001) without increased risk of rehospitalization (RR 1.22, P = .314). Conclusions Patients with advanced heart failure selected to receive ICDs have better survival trends but shorter time to rehospitalization than patients without ICDs. Benefit appears greater for those with prolonged QRS duration.
Bis(bicyclooctatetraenyl)diuranium, “biuranocenylene”

Abstract Bis(bicyclooctatetraenyl)diuranium, (I), was prepared as a byproduct in the preparation of 1,1′-dicyclooctatetraenyluranocene (II) and by reaction of II with colloidal uranium in THF. The 1 H NMR spectrum shows a seven-resonance spectrum indicative of a structure in which the joined C 8 -rings are twisted with respect to each other. The compound is less thermally stable than uranocene.
The role of damping in phase imaging in tapping mode atomic force microscopy

The influences of damping on phase imaging in tapping mode atomic force microscopy have been investigated numerically and experimentally. It shows that the adhesion force (attractive) and elastic force (repulsive) divide the phase response into two distinct regimes. Jumps and hysteresis may happen between these two regimes. The magnitude of jumps and hysteresis decreases in the presence of material damping. The sensitivity of phase to surface stiffness and adhesion is significantly dependent on the material damping.
Insulin receptor dephosphorylation in permeabilized adipocytes is inhibitable by manganese and independent of receptor kinase activity.

Autophosphorylation of insulin receptors in digitonin-permeabilized rat adipocytes increased progressively as manganese concentrations were increased. In contrast, the percent dephosphorylation of insulin receptors, when examined by chasing the [γ-32P]ATP with unlabeled ATP, decreased at the higher manganese concentrations. Removing manganese with EGTA increased the extent of dephosphorylation by 50 to 75%. When added only at the chase, manganese but not insulin (10−7M) inhibited dephosphorylation. Removal of both magnesium and manganese with EDTA completely inhibited receptor autophosphorylation. However, EDTA potentiated dephosphorylation similar to EGTA when added after 2 min of phosphorylation. Thus, a dephosphorylation reaction involving the membrane-associated insulin receptor is inhibited by manganese and is independent of the receptor kinase activity. This work suggests that manganese increases net autophosphorylation of the receptor not only by enhancing kinase activity but by inhibiting receptor dephosphorylation.
A Split Labor Market: Mexican Farm Workers in the Southwest*

Edna Bonacich's split-labor-market theory is used to explore the dynamics of agriculture in the southwest. This theory helps to explain the following developments: (1) importation of foreign contract workers; (2) passage of farm labor legislation; (3) development and implementation of mechanized equipment; (4) expansion of the “runaway shop”; and (5) a decrease in the number of independent farmers concurrent with an increase in large-scale corporate farms. One additional factor having a major impact on the industry is (6) the farm worker movement, the United Farm Workers (UFW) and the Arizona Farm Workers (AFW) being two of the most familiar examples.