cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Deep Learning Cyber-Attacks Intrusion Detection System for CAV Path Planning

Mobility has become synonymous with the safety of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). This implies both the welfare of the driver and, hence, the protection of the high amount of data exchanged in the internet framework, starting from the cloud down to the dew devices. Path planning, in an autonomous car, is not granted security-wise when data is constantly updated back and forth between the cloud and the physical system. In this article, we generate a velocity profile of an autonomous car-generated path using the Frenet frame technique. The obtained data is used to be transferred into the cloud for update purposes, taking into consideration new traffic information, and sent back to the vehicle to adapt. The extreme variability of the data could be vulnerable to cyber-attacks and could alter the path planning process, by modifying the intended path or even block the transaction. We consider this exchange as a streaming service due to its high flux. After identifying the adequate cyber-attacks, we used a time-series approach to design our cyber-attacks Intrusion Detection System (IDS), which is a hybrid deep learning model using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Autoencoder (AE). We compare the performance of our model, using specific metrics, with other models to put in evidence its adaptability with autonomous systems, as a time-series application, on the road. Our proposed model achieves a high accuracy of 98.7%, compared to other models.
Cervical medial branch block progression to radiofrequency neurotomy: A retrospective clinical audit

Abstract Background Chronic axial neck pain (CANP) due to zygapophysial joint arthropathy is best diagnosed via cervical medial branch block (MBB). However, the paradigm by which MBB is used to select patients for cervical radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) is contested. Dual diagnostic cervical MBB with a minimum of ≥80% pain relief to diagnose cervical zygapophysial joint pain has been accepted by some Medicare Local Coverage Determinations as the method for selecting patients for cervical RFN. There are some who would argue that the utility of the dual diagnostic MBB and the ≥80% pain relief cut off lacks utility in clinical practice. The suspicion being those who progress from MBB1 to MBB2 will then flow from MBB2 to RFN without fail. Does clinical practice using dual diagnostic MBBs and using an ≥80% pain relief cut off reduce patient eligibility for cervical RFN after both MBB1 and MBB2? Methods A retrospective clinical audit was carried out at an academic institution spine center from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. Charts were selected based on Current Procedural Terminology codes for MBB, then included if the cervical medial branches were targeted. Charts were then reviewed for procedural progression. Results 21/51 (24%, 95% Confidence Interval 12-35%) patients progressed from MBB1 to MBB2. Of those 21 patients, 13 patients progressed from MBB2 to RFN (62%, 95% CI 41-83%). In total, 13/51 (14%, 95% CI 14-37%) patients who were initially suspected to have CANP due to zygapophysial joint pain progressed to RFN. Both MBB1 and MBB2 hindered the progression of 30/51 patients (59%, 95% CI 45-72%) and 8/21 patients (38%, 95% CI 17-59%), respectively. Conclusion Both MBB1 and MBB2 served to filter patients from progression to RFN using dual MBBs with an ≥80% pain relief cutoff.
Maximal vertex-connectivity of $\overrightarrow{S_{n,k}}$

The class of star graphs is a popular topology for interconnection networks. However, it has certain deficiencies. A class of generalization of star graphs called (n, k)-star graphs was introduced by Chiang and Chen to address these issues. In this article we will consider the vertex-connectivity of the directed (n, k)-star graph, $\overrightarrow{S_{n,k}}$, given by Cheng and Lipman, [8], and show that it is maximally connected. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 46(3), 154–162 2005
Extending the applicability of esterases of low enantioselectivity in asymmetric synthesis

A strategy for expanding the applicability of esterases of low enantioselectivity for asymmetric synthesis is described. This concept is generally applicable to biochemical processes involving enantiotopic group differentiation. Quantitative expressions have been derived to permit the prediction of enantiomeric excess and the optimization of optical and chemical yields.
Searching for the Status Quo Book Review- Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain by Richard A. Epstein

This article is a review of Richard Epstein's wonderfully ambitious book, Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain.
Optimal Parameters for Synthesis of Magnetic Nanowires in Porous Alumina Templates Electrodeposition Study

We have carried out a systematic study of the electrodeposition process to understand the effect of varying three important quantities on the synthesis of nanowires inside porous alumina templates. We have electrodeposited iron nanowires inside porous alumina to determine the optimal settings of these variables to induce effective and efficient nanowire growth. First, we vary the pH of the electrolyte solution to show that pH has little effect on the deposition rate. Second, we vary the magnitude of the applied ac voltage to show that the deposition rate increases with increasing voltage. Finally, we vary the frequency of the applied ac voltage to show that there are three distinct regions corresponding to different deposition rates. We have studied the magnetic properties of the synthesized nanowires and our results as a function of fabrication parameters are discussed. © 2007 The Electrochemical Society. DOI: 10.1149/1.2509685 All rights reserved. Fabrication of nanowires through the process of electrodeposition inside porous templates is a well-known and well-used procedure due to both its effectiveness in growing nanostructures and its inexpensiveness. The process of electrodeposition itself has been known for a rather long time. References 1 and 2 provide an excellent background to the subject. Moreover, the fabrication of metal nanowires has been studied in other papers. 3-5 Specifically, iron nanowires have also been studied, for example, in Ref. 6 and 7. However, despite its pervasiveness in nanofabrication, little work has been done to understand the process itself. In order to develop a reliable method for the fabrication of nanostructures using this technique, it is necessary to have a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the electrodeposition process. Here we undergo a systematic study to understand the effect of the variation of three variables pH, voltage, and frequency involved in the electrodeposition process on the average nanowire growth rate. Experiments are carried out by depositing iron into porous alumina templates. First, we examine the effect of changing the pH of the electrolyte solution on the average growth rate of iron nanowires inside the pores. Then, we vary the magnitude of the applied ac voltage and determine its effect on the deposition rate. Finally, we vary the frequency of the ac voltage to show that there are three unique frequency regions corresponding to distinctly differing electrodeposition rates. These varying parameters have a significant impact on the properties of the nanowires that are deposited inside the template. Using the magnetic property as an analytical tool, 8,9 each region is analyzed and the results are discussed.
American Postfeminist Cinema: Women, Romance and Contemporary Culture

This book examines a cycle of postfeminist films that adopt the conventions of romance. In light of their tremendous gains in the political and professional sphere, and their ever expanding options, why do most contemporary American films aimed at women still focus almost exclusively on their pursuit of a heterosexual romantic relationship? American Postfeminist Cinema explores this question and is the first book to examine the symbiotic relationship between heterosexual romance and postfeminist culture. The book argues that since 1980, postfeminism's most salient tensions and anxieties have been reflected in the American romance film. Case studies of a broad range of Hollywood and independent films reveal how the postfeminist romance cycle is intertwined with contemporary women's ambivalence and broader cultural anxieties about women's changing social and political status. It offers a new perspective on both popular American romance films and postfeminist cultural criticism by examining the symbiotic relationship between romance and postfeminism; analyses the recurring narrative and discursive patterns of postfeminist cinema; includes 13 case studies of popular postfeminist films and other media texts, including television programmes and continues the tradition of feminist analysis of romance as a significant media genre for women.
Sodium intake is increased by social stress and the Y chromosome and reduced by clonidine

The objectives were to determine1) if female rats have higher Na intake than males and if social stress increases Na intake, 2) if the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mediates the stress effects a...
New method for rapid determination of carboxyhemoglobin by use of double-wavelength spectrophotometry.

We have developed a simple method for rapid determination of carboxyhemoglobin concentration in blood, by use of double-wavelength spectrophotometry. The absorbance of both oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin are instrumentally nulled out in this procedure, so that the absorption signal reflects HbCO and only a single spectrophotometric reading is required. This procedure is accurate in the range encountered in ambulatory persons as well as in the "toxic" range. Results correlated well with the dithionite reduction procedure. The stability of carboxyhemoglobin in solution was investigated and concentrations of carbon monoxide in groups of smokers and nonsmokers were determined.
An x-ray method for direct determination of the strain state and strain relaxation in micron-scale passivated metallization lines during thermal cycling

We describe a method for directly determining the strain state of passivated metal lines. Synchrotron radiation in the grazing incidence geometry is used to directly measure the in-plane interplanar spacing along the length and width of the lines, while the strain normal to the surface of the line is measured using conventional diffraction methods. The entire strain state is thereby defined. Previous work has measured out-of-plane reflections, fit them to a straight line as a trigonometric function of the angle of orientation, and extrapolated to determine the principal strains. The equivalence of the two x-ray methods on the same sample is demonstrated at room temperature before and after thermal cycling. For short time strain relaxation experiments during thermal cycling, measurement of the three principal strains leads to the direct calculation of the stress relaxation. We apply the strain determination technique to Al--0.5%Cu lines passivated with Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] as the lines are thermally cycled from room temperature to 450 [degree]C and back. The strain state, stress state, and strain relaxation of the lines are calculated at several temperatures during thermal cycling.
Elephants don't play chess

There is an alternative route to Artificial Intelligence that diverges from the directions pursued under that banner for the last thirty some years. The traditional approach has emphasized the abstract manipulation of symbols, whose grounding in physical reality has rarely been achieved. We explore a research methodology which emphasizes ongoing physical interaction with the environment as the primary source of constraint on the design of intelligent systems. We show how this methodology has recently had significant successes on a par with the most successful classical efforts. We outline plausible future work along these lines which can lead to vastly more ambitious systems.
Physical properties of nucleoprotein cores from adenovirus type 5

Analytical ultracentrifugation, thermal denaturation, and electron microscopy have been used to study nucleoprotein core particles, obtained from disrupted type 5 adenovirus and partially purified on glycerol density gradients. Electron microscopy at low salt concentrations has shown that the cores are homogeneous particles with characteristic structures, which vary with conditions of observation from a fairly loose network of fibers to a highly condensed, compact particle. Sedimentation measurements in the analytical ultracentrifuge, both by boundary and by band techniques, show that the cores are relatively homogeneous in solution and have sedimentation coefficients near 185 S at low salt concentrations, about 243 S in 1 or 2 M NaCl, and 376 S in 1 mM MgCl2. Correlation of sedimentation data with electron microscopic observations suggests that the 185 S particle has a loose, fibrous structure, while the faster species are more highly condensed particles. The melting temperature of the cores in 5 mM Tris/HCl is 79 degrees C, which is 10 degrees C higher than the Tm for purified, viral DNA. This indicates that the protein enhances the stability of DNA in the nucleoprotein complex.
Interaction of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I in the regulation of growth plate chondrocytes

The action of growth factors on the cells of the epiphyseal growth plate is an important mechanism in the regulation of skeletal growth. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is known to play a central role in the regulation of bone growth. In contrast, the role, if any, of epidermal growth factor (EGF) is not yet clear. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that EGF interacts with IGF-I in the regulation of growth plate chondrocyte mitotic and metabolic activities. Chondrocytes isolated from bovine radioulnar growth plates and incubated in suspension culture were analyzed for their responsiveness to EGF with respect to synthesis of DNA, proteins, and proteoglycans, responsiveness to IGF-I, and ability to specifically bind [125I]IGF-I. Treatment of growth plate chondrocytes with maximally effective concentrations (10-100 ng/ml) of EGF produced a 16-27% increase in specific binding of [125I]IGF-I. Scatchard analysis indicated that this increase in specific binding was due to an increase in the number of receptors/cell with no change in receptor affinity. EGF stimulated protein synthesis by 30-35%. Pretreatment with EGF increased the responsiveness of chondrocytes to IGF-I, resulting in 90 and 60% augmentation of IGF-I-stimulated mitotic activity and proteoglycan synthesis, respectively. Given the prominent role of IGF-I in skeletal development and the presence of EGF in the growth plate, this study suggests an important role for interactions between these growth factors in the regulation of skeletal growth.
A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes.

While the circumstances surrounding the origin and spread of HIV are becoming clearer, the particulars of the origin of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are still unknown. Specifically, the age of SIV, whether it is an ancient or recent infection, has not been resolved. Although many instances of cross-species transmission of SIV have been documented, the similarity between the African green monkey (AGM) and SIVagm phylogenies has long been held as suggestive of ancient codivergence between SIVs and their primate hosts. Here, we present well-resolved phylogenies based on full-length AGM mitochondrial genomes and seven previously published SIVagm genomes; these allowed us to perform the first rigorous phylogenetic test to our knowledge of the hypothesis that SIVagm codiverged with the AGMs. Using the Shimodaira–Hasegawa test, we show that the AGM mitochondrial genomes and SIVagm did not evolve along the same topology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SIVagm topology can be explained by a pattern of west-to-east transmission of the virus across existing AGM geographic ranges. Using a relaxed molecular clock, we also provide a date for the most recent common ancestor of the AGMs at approximately 3 million years ago. This study substantially weakens the theory of ancient SIV infection followed by codivergence with its primate hosts.
Pediatric abdominal lymphangiomas: A plea for early recognition☆

Abdominal lymphangiomas are usually classified together with mesenteric cysts. However, they differ by location, histology, and potential for recurrence, and should be considered a separate clinical entity. Thirteen children, aged 2 weeks to 11 years (mean, 5.8 years), with abdominal lymphangiomas were identified over the past 16 years at this institution. Of these, 12 were symptomatic. Abdominal pain (11), vomiting (8), increased abdominal girth (8), and nausea (6) predominated. Other presentations were less frequent. Symptoms were present for an average of 2 months (7 less than 1 week) before correct diagnosis. An abdominal mass was palpable in 10 cases. Intestinal gangrene secondary to volvulus was present in 2. Although multiple imaging modalities were used ultrasonography (8/8) and computed tomography (CT; 4/4) proved most expedient and reliable. In 2 cases, the lymphangioma could not be completely resected. There was 1 recurrence. Although intraabdominal cystic lesions are described in the literature as relatively symptom-free, our experience suggests otherwise. In this series, abdominal pain and an abdominal mass were common. Catastrophic complications can occur and excision is facilitated by earlier diagnosis and the benefit of smaller size. Ultrasound and CT can accurately diagnose the lesion and should be used liberally in children with intermittent or ill-defined abdominal pain, leading to prompt recognition and definitive treatment.
Inflammatory Bio-Markers and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction

Abstract. Blake GJ, Ridker PM (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA). Inflammatory bio-markers and cardiovascular risk prediction (Review). J Intern Med 2002; 252: 283–294. Inflammatory processes are now recognized to play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. Plasma levels of several markers of inflammation have been found to be associated with future cardiovascular risk in a variety of clinical settings. These markers include cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, pro-atherogenic enzymes and C-reactive protein (CRP). Initially thought of as an inactive downstream marker of the inflammatory cascade, emerging evidence suggests that CRP may be directly involved in atherogenesis, and that arterial plaque can produce CRP, independent of traditional hepatic pathways. In addition to being a strong predictor of future cardiovascular risk amongst patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes, numerous studies have found that baseline levels of CRP are associated with risk of future myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and cardiovascular death amongst apparently healthy populations. The combination of measurement of a marker of inflammation with lipid testing may improve upon risk stratification based on lipid testing alone, and intensification of programmes for exercise, weight loss, and smoking cessation is recommended for those with elevated CRP levels. Further trials are needed to confirm the potential benefits of statins amongst individuals with elevated CRP levels.
Photodynamic protein incorporated in conducting polymer and sol-gel matrices: toward smart materials for information storage and processing

We report our development of biomaterials for information processing and signal transduction by incorporation of photodynamic proteins into conducting polymer and sol-gel matrices. Our aim is to develop biomaterials with high optical quality, good thermal and mechanical stability, and superior opto-electronic characteristics for applications in biosensor, signal transduction, and information processing. A novel three-dimensional optical memory system based on a light transducing protein, bacteriorhodopsin, is designed and demonstrated.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Time and Consistency as Measures of Psychological Distance

Decision times, consistency measures, and their relationships were used to study stimulus-stimulus and subject-stimulus distance for two types of responses—single stimulus and paired comparisons, a...
The microbial composition of human incisor tooth plaque.

Abstract Plaque from labial and approximal sites on the maxillary and mandibular incisors of 23 subjects was inoculated into broth and incubated for 72 h. The broth was plated to selective media and the presence of several microbial components of the flora determined. Lactobacilli, the most aciduric of the bacteria isolated, were mainly found in plaques on the maxillary approximal surfaces, the most prevalent species being Lactobacillus casei. The less aciduric streptococci usually occurred in the labial maxillary plaques, with Streptococcus mitis the most common species. Gram-negative filaments, including Fusobacterium sp., Leptotrichia buccalis and the Gram-positive microorganism Bacterionema matruchottii, were usually observed in plaques from the mandibular approximal sites. Veillonella were more frequent in mandibular than maxillary plaques, whereas Actinomyces showed no site preference. The findings support the view that saliva, by its effect on plaque pH, significantly influences plaque microbial composition.
Cervical human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women positive for human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Purpose of review Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Women who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been shown to be at increased risk for cervicovaginal HPV infection and CIN, and cervical cancer is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies of cervical HPV infection and CIN in HIV-positive women and to describe the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the course of CIN. Relevant findings HIV-positive women have a higher prevalence of cervical HPV infection than HIV-negative women, and HPV infection is more persistent in the HIV-positive population. The incidence of high-grade CIN is increased in HIV-positive women. HAART has not been shown to affect HPV detection, and data on its effect on the natural history of CIN are mixed. Some studies show no effect of HAART on the natural history of CIN, and others show a statistically significant but modest beneficial effect. Summary Cervical HPV infection and CIN are clearly increased in HIV-positive women when compared with risk-matched HIV-negative women. HAART appears to have limited ability to clear HPV infection and induce regression of CIN in HIV-positive women. Combined with the high prevalence of cervical HPV infection and CIN, current data suggest that CIN should be aggressively sought and treated in HIV-positive women, including those who have responded well to HAART with good HIV viral load suppression and increasing CD4+ levels.
Cost-based optimization of decision support queries using transient-views

Next generation decision support applications, besides being capable of processing huge amounts of data, require the ability to integrate and reason over data from multiple, heterogeneous data sources. Often, these data sources differ in a variety of aspects such as their data models, the query languages they support, and their network protocols. Also, typically they are spread over a wide geographical area. The cost of processing decision support queries in such a setting is quite high. However, processing these queries often involves redundancies such as repeated access of same data source and multiple execution of similar processing sequences. Minimizing these redundancies would significantly reduce the query processing cost. In this paper, we (1) propose an architecture for processing complex decision support queries involving multiple, heterogeneous data sources; (2) introduce the notion of transient-views — materialized views that exist only in the context of execution of a query — that is useful for minimizing the redundancies involved in the execution of these queries; (3) develop a cost-based algorithm that takes a query plan as input and generates an optimal “covering plan”, by minimizing redundancies in the original plan; (4) validate our approach by means of an implementation of the algorithms and a detailed performance study based on TPC-D benchmark queries on a commercial database system; and finally, (5) compare and contrast our approach with work in related areas, in particular, the areas of answering queries using views and optimization using common sub-expressions. Our experiments demonstrate the practicality and usefulness of transient-views in significantly improving the performance of decision support queries.
“Groans less, seems more comfortable:” Harvey Cushing's redefinition of success in the operative treatment of pediatric intracranial lesions

Challenges to diagnosing and localizing intracranial lesions in pediatric patients were immense during the advent of neurosurgery. For patients with suspected intracranial tumors, but with negative findings on operation, there were few options. The role of palliative surgical interventions, from decompressive craniectomies to lumbar and ventricular punctures, is not well-represented in the literature during this early stage. To review Harvey Cushing's original surgical files and analyze his use of decompressive procedures in pediatric patients with suspected intracranial tumors, with negative findings during operative interventions. Following IRB approval, and through the courtesy of the Alan Mason Chesney Archives, we reviewed the Johns Hopkins Hospital surgical files from 1896 to 1912. Patients, ≤18 years old, presenting with suspected intracranial tumors, undergoing surgical intervention by Cushing, without discovery of intracranial pathology, were selected for further analysis. Of the 23 pediatric patients selected, 17 were male. The mean age was 10.6 years. Cushing used three main operative approaches: infratentorial/suboccipital, subtemporal, and hemisphere flaps. Post-operative condition was improved in 13 and unchanged in three patients. Seven patients died during their inpatient stay. The mean time to follow-up was 34.79 months; the mean time to death was 11.9 months. These examples illustrate Cushing's commitment to improving quality of life in patients, offering decompressive procedures, including craniectomies as well as cerebrospinal fluid drainage in the operating room and at the bedside, when attempts at localizing and resecting of suspected tumors were unsuccessful.
PET and SPECT in drug and substance abuse

The use of imaging in the evaluation of the brain under the influence of drugs has evolved into a functional assessment of its processes. It has been shown that SPECT and PET imaging studies demonstrate selected areas that are affected by multiple drugs among substance abusers. This paper illustrates examples of different drugs and how their effect on the brain may be portrayed by imaging applications. The developing "road maps" that we have obtained possess multidimensional applications. They can be useful to confirm specific diseases, clarify diagnosis wherein the clinical picture is not observed, aid in the development of new treatment evaluations and also provide researchers a better insight in the detection and functionality of dementia and specific mental illnesses processes.
Polling in concurrent programming

Hoare introduced the concept of polling in his Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) to handle nondeterministic message communication in distributed and concurrent programming. In order to introduce the polling concept effectively in a programming language, the problems of simultaneous polling, effective termination, busy waiting, and expressive power in one-to-many or many-to-one communication must be solved. This paper discusses the concept of polling, the details about the problems, and how a new concurrent programming language, COPL, solves the problems. COPL introduces a general algorithm to establish a hierarchical relationship between two communicating processes, an efficient mechanism to handle polling termination, a flexible polling to avoid busy waiting, and implicit polling to add asymmetry in the language for more expressive power. [Key words: concurrent programming, programming languages, polling, nondeterminism, and distributed systems]
Identification and age of neoformed Paleozoic feldspar (adularia) in a Precambrian basement core from Scioto County, Ohio, USA

Fourteen core samples of Precambrian granitic gneisses from a well drilled in the Green Township, Scioto County, Ohio were studied to determine the origin of alkali feldspar in these rocks. The well intersected the basement at a depth of 1,700 m and penetrated 11.3m of Precambrian crystalline rocks. Petrographically the samples in the upper 6.4 m of the basement core show evidence of severe alteration by the presence of hematite, limonite and chlorite and by the absence of plagioclase. Alkali feldspars from this part of the core are turbid, have a low 2 V of about 10°, are highly enriched in K, have low Na and Rb concentrations, lack cathode luminescence, and form a straight line on a Rb-Sr isochron diagram yielding a date of 599±69 Ma. Core samples from below 6.4 m appear relatively fresh and unaltered. Alkali feldspar from this portion of the core is orthoclase, shows uniform blue luminescence and gives a Rb-Sr date of 1,162±11 Ma. These results indicate that feldspars in the lowest part of the core are primary minerals that crystallized during the Grenville Orogeny, whereas the K-feldspar in the top of the core is of low-temperature secondary origin. The formation of this feldspar is explained as a consequence of chemical weathering of primary feldspar during late Precambrian time to clay minerals that were later reconstituted under low-temperature hydrothermal conditions as K-feldspar (adularia) by reactions with brines derived from the overlying Mt. Simon Formation of Cambrian age.
Structure of a cluster of mouse histone genes

Abstract The four mouse histone genes (2 H3 genes, an H2b gene and an H2a gene) present in a cloned 12.9 kilobase fragment of DNA have been completely sequenced including both 5' and 3' flanking regions. These genes are expressed in cultured mouse cells and the 3' and 5' ends of the mRNA have been determined by S1 nuclease mapping. These genes code for a minor fraction of the histone mRNAs expressed in cultured mouse cells. They comprise at most 5-8% of the total histone mRNA of each type. The two H3 genes code for H3.2 and H3.1 histone proteins, while the H2b gene codes for an H2b.1 protein with a single amino acid change (val-leu) at position 18. Only the 3' portion of the H2a gene is contained in the clone and there is an amino acid change (alanine-proline) at position 126. Comparison of the 5' and 3' flanking sequences reveals a conserved sequence at the 3' end of the mRNA which forms a hairpin loop structure. The codon usage in the genes is non-random and there has been no discrimination against CG doublets in the coding region of the genes.
A Complete Algebraic Characterization of Behavioral Subtyping

We present a model-theoretic study of correct behavioral subtyping for first-order, deterministic, abstract data types with immutable objects. For such types, we give a new algebraic criterion for proving correct behavioral subtyping that is both necessary and sufficient. This proof technique handles incomplete specifications by allowing proofs of correct behavioral subtyping to be based on comparison with one of several paradigmatic models. It compares a model to a selected paradigm with a generalization of the usual notion of simulation relations. This generalization is necessary for specifications that are not term-generated and that use multiple dispatch. However, we also show that the usual notion of simulation gives a necessary and sufficient proof technique for the special cases of term-generated specifications and specifications that only use single dispatch.
Faculty of Color in Higher Education: Exploring the Intersections of Identity, Impostorship, and Internalized Racism.

Mentoring for faculty of color is critical given their underrepresentation in American colleges and universities. However, the ways in which faculty of color internalize racialized oppression and how it affects their success remains understudied. In this manuscript, the authors juxtapose a literature synthesis concerning faculty of color against a critical review of impostorship theory and impostor syndrome as these phenomena are found to contribute to disparate success trends among marginalized groups in higher education. More specifically, the authors discuss the ways impostor syndrome is shaped among faculty of color and how this disorder is potentially reproduced through their relationships with students in postsecondary education. The authors conclude with implications for mentoring and developing faculty of color, proffering new ways of thinking about relevant frameworks and approaches.
The impact of a chlor-alkali plant on Onondaga Lake and adjoining systems

The pervasive effects an adjoining chlor-alkali plant has had on Onondaga Lake, and the river system that receives the lake discharge, are documented. Effects of the ionic waste discharge of the facility include: (1) ionic enrichment, (2) altered stratification regimes, (3) altered exchange between the lake and river, (4) altered hydrodynamics in the river downstream of the lake, (5) precipitation and deposition of large quantities of calcium carbonate, and (6) altered chemistry of lake sediments regulating P availability. Mercury, benzene, chlorobenzene wastes from the plant have contaminated the sediments and fish of the lake. Deleterious effects of the facility have included: the elimination of fish habitat, exacerbation of the problem of limited Oz resources of the hypolimnion, contamination offish flesh, exacerbation of the problem of low transparency of the lake, and severe O2 depletion in the lower waters of the river system.
Erosive Wear Behaviour in Duophase SiAlON Composites

Abstract This communication describes the erosive wear behaviour of sialon ceramics composed of different ratios of α - and β -phase in terms of material properties such as hardness and fracture toughness by means of a sand blasting method with SiC abrasive particles. Experimental results show that the erosion rate (Δ v ) of the α / β sialon composites decreases with increasing hardness (H) and fracture toughness ( K c ) and can be expressed by Δv=6.53 H −1.51 K c −3.33 . A correlation factor of 0.98 between the measured and the predicted values has been obtained, indicating that the erosion rate of the composites is predictable with high accuracy if the hardness and fracture toughness of the composite were determined.
Assessing the Self Efficacy Development in Doctor of Pharmacy Students Enrolled in a Professional Development Seminar Series

AbstractThe authors assessed the perceived self-efficacy in professional skills and abilities of students enrolled in an elective professional development seminar series over time from four classes of doctor of pharmacy students using their responses to a retrospective 13-question self-efficacy questionnaire along with seven course outcomes questions administered in April 2005. The analysis of questionnaires using the Rasch rating scale model revealed that 44 out of 49 participating students (i.e., 90%) showed statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy after participating in the seminar series. The increase of students' self-efficacy was independent of the number of semesters they had been enrolled. This study also demonstrated a need to include more writing opportunities for the students in future offerings to help improve their writing skills and to provide opportunities to discuss ethical issues related to the practice of pharmacy.
Toward efficient search for ultrascale storage systems

As the rate at which scientific computing generates data continues to increase, we are finding that managing this data, in all facets, is quickly becoming more challenging. In many facilities with large scale storage needs, this massive amount of data is stored in distributed, multi-tiered storage systems. It has become imperative to allow for efficient and effective search within these kinds of environments. For some search problems, specifically file system metadata, traditional relational databases have been used with, initially, good results. As the scale of supercomputing has grown though, we find that it is becoming increasing difficult for databases to scale up with the volume of metadata that they are managing. In this paper, we propose a new direction for database management techniques within the context of high performance computing, specifically, search within ultrascale storage systems. Instead of using databases as a layer sitting above the storage system, we suggest the movement of database components within the storage system itself. By taking this approach, we aim to leverage the decades of research and tuning that have made relational database technology successful. At the same time, this integration gives us the ability to maintain a better view of the storage system for search optimization. Through this effort, we can position these techniques to better scale to the degree that is required by the high performance computing community currently, and in the future.
Assessing relevance and trust of the deep web sources and results based on inter-source agreement

Deep web search engines face the formidable challenge of retrieving high-quality results from the vast collection of searchable databases. Deep web search is a two-step process of selecting the high-quality sources and ranking the results from the selected sources. Though there are existing methods for both the steps, they assess the relevance of the sources and the results using the query-result similarity. When applied to the deep web these methods have two deficiencies. First is that they are agnostic to the correctness (trustworthiness) of the results. Second, the query-based relevance does not consider the importance of the results and sources. These two considerations are essential for the deep web and open collections in general. Since a number of deep web sources provide answers to any query, we conjuncture that the agreements between these answers are helpful in assessing the importance and the trustworthiness of the sources and the results. For assessing source quality, we compute the agreement between the sources as the agreement of the answers returned. While computing the agreement, we also measure and compensate for the possible collusion between the sources. This adjusted agreement is modeled as a graph with sources at the vertices. On this agreement graph, a quality score of a source, that we call SourceRank, is calculated as the stationary visit probability of a random walk. For ranking results, we analyze the second-order agreement between the results. Further extending SourceRank to multidomain search, we propose a source ranking sensitive to the query domains. Multiple domain-specific rankings of a source are computed, and these ranks are combined for the final ranking. We perform extensive evaluations on online and hundreds of Google Base sources spanning across domains. The proposed result and source rankings are implemented in the deep web search engine Factal. We demonstrate that the agreement analysis tracks source corruption. Further, our relevance evaluations show that our methods improve precision significantly over Google Base and the other baseline methods. The result ranking and the domain-specific source ranking are evaluated separately.
Towards a distributed, cognitive robotic architecture for autonomous heterogeneous robotic platforms

This paper describes an early phase towards a general, holistic, distributed robotic architecture capable of supporting different domain specific tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously on multiple platforms. Rather than focusing on individual components and algorithms, we take a systems level approach striving for a task-independent architecture. Our ultimate goal is to employ autonomous scouts that augment a military unit with additional reconnaissance and security assets. We envision one solider controlling a mix of three to five ground and aerial robots in contrast to one solider controlling a single robot as realized in currently deployed systems. Such a general robotic architecture may be useful in other domains to include law enforcement, search, and rescue, hospital logistics, and domestic use. To demonstrate interoperability this paper discusses the architectural design and current set of heterogeneous prototypes built with common hardware, software, and a distributed, web-based operator control unit (OCU). We explore future extensions that incorporate a cognitive architecture and work towards the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) compliance.
Effect of the coupling between stretching and bending in the large displacement analysis of plates

The effect of the rotary inertia on the non-linear dynamics of plates that undergo a large reference displacement is examined in this paper. An assumed displacement field that accounts for the coupling between the stretching and bending of the plate as the result of considering the effect of the rotary inertia is used to identify the configuration of the plate. Furthermore, the coupling between the stretching and bending of the plate as the result of finite rotation is also considered in this investigation. Based on the assumed displacement field that accounts for the effect of the rotary inertia, a non-linear finite element formulation is developed for the large displacement analysis of plates. The element equations of motion are expressed in terms of a set of element invariants that depend on the assumed displacement field as well as the rotary inertia. The use of the formulation presented in this paper is demonstrated using numerical examples.
Thin polymer films as active components of fiber optic chemical sensors

ABSTRACT Thin polymer films provide a convenient matrix in which to support a variety of indicator molecules that aredistinguished by their ability to modulate light signals when exposed to specific analytes of interest1. Usingthis general idea, sensors have been developed from both planar waveguides and optical fibers in conjunctionwith thin polymer films for a variety of process monitoring and control applications. Most of these have beenconcerned with pH2 and dissolved oxygen3, but many other compounds can be similarly detected4. In order tobetter understand the sensing process, theoretical models are developed in this paper starting from a rigorous analysis of the underlying chemical and physical processes. The validation of the model for a variety of systems is shown. 1. INTRODUCTION Sensors that are based on oxygen quenching of fluorescence, pH sensing by optical absorption measurements, and various sensing schemes based on general 'solvatochromic effects'5 are widely describedin the literature and have often used thin polymer films for the entrapment of chromophores. The polymer filmscan be cast in the presence of miscible indicators, they can be chemically treated to covalently bind molecules(typically on the surface) or simple adsorption phenomena may be used to disperse indicators in the nativefilms. Some examples of suitable polymers include poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), silicon rubber, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Nafion® resins or films, poly(ether etherketone)(PEEK), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), cellulose and a variety of copolymers. The filmscan be associated with the waveguide directly by casting it as part of the cladding or coating planar structures.The light can interact with the indicators through evanescent modes or simply by direct illumination of thepolymer film.Typically, the performance of different sensors that rely on some variation of this 'active film' strategy isnot rigorously analyzed. This lack of a solid quantitative description often makes the comparison of differentsensing strategies and the interpretation of results difficult. Furthermore, it often reduces the optimization ofperformance to an empirical procedure. Nevertheless, it is generally recognized that the underlying mechanisminvolves diffusion of the analyte into the polymer film with kinetic interactions taking place to generate localoptical fluorescence or absorbance changes. The response that is often monitored is the integrated result of allthese local interactions.
Modeling and mapping oak advance reproduction density using soil and site variables

Regenerating oaks (Quercus spp.) has remained a widespread and persistent problem throughout their natural range. Research shows that abundant oak advance reproduction is crucial for success. Although it is recognized that oak advance reproduction accumulation is inversely related to site quality, there has been little effort to model oak advance reproduction density as a function of measured levels of light, water, or nutrient supply. The objective of this study was to determine whether oak advance reproduction could be modeled and mapped with site variables. The study was conducted on the Sinkin Experimental Forest in southeastern Missouri in 20 5-ha experimental units. Vegetation and site data were collected in 120 0.5-ha circular plots with nested subplots for the inventory of the midstory (0.01 ha) and reproduction (0.004 ha). Site variables included soil available water capacity, pH, photosynthetically active radiation in the understory, forest stocking, terrain shape, and slope-aspect. Oak advance reproduction abundance was related to soil acidity and available water capacity and to other site information such as slope-aspect. Models for the red oak group species generally exhibited better fit than those for the white oaks. There also was evidence that estimates of soil acidity and available water capacity can be obtained from the SSURGO database and used in these oak advance reproduction models along with other site information to generate maps of estimated oak reproduction densities. These maps could be used for planning silvicultural interventions to increase the abundance and size of oak advance reproduction before forest regeneration.
Effects of low-voltage electrical stimulation during exsanguination on meat quality and display colour stability.

Abstract Five steers from each of four slaughter groups were randomly assigned to a low-voltage electrical stimulation (LVES) treatment during exsanguination (within 5 min after stunning) and five served as controls (C). LVES consisted of 50V of 60 Hz alternating current (1 s on and 1 s off for 2 min). At 28 h, LVES longissimus (LM) was lighter in colour, softer, coarser in texture and tended to have lower marbling estimates than C. LVES LM steaks were lighter red at 0 and 1 days, but more discoloured at 5 days, of display than C steaks. Both the deep (DSM) and superficial (SSM) portions of LVES semimembranosus (SM) steaks were lighter red at 0 and 1 days of display than C steaks. Water-holding capacity for LVES LM and DSM steaks was lower than for C steaks. A trained sensory panel found LVES LM steaks to be less juicy and less tender than C steaks. Also, LVES LM steaks had greater cooking losses than C steaks in two of the four slaughter groups. We conclude that LVES during exsanguination, coupled with relatively slow initial chilling, may be detrimental to muscle quality.
Real-time three-dimensional guided ultrasound targeting system for microwave ablation of liver tumours: a human pilot study.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate a novel three-dimensional ultrasound (US) guidance system for use in hepatic microwave ablation (MWA).