cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SMILE: distributed middleware for event stream processing

In this paper, we describe the SMILE (Smart Middleware, Light Ends) system which is one of the earliest systems built in the area of distributed event stream processing. SMILE unites the '"publish-subscribe" model of messaging middleware with the "continuous query" model of database systems. In SMILE, information producers, which may be sensors, applications, or databases, generate streams of events, such as RFID data, news items or stock trades; consumers specify stateful subscriptions to derived views, such as "individuals trading top 5 total volume of stock Y within x minutes before a major news story about the same company Y"; the SMILE system constructs and deploys a dataflow network of computations which process events from producers, compute derived views and deliver continuous and timely updates of subscribed views to consumers. Research challenges addressed by SMILE include: rigorously defining the semantics for correct state delivery; implementing this semantics in the presence of failure; distributing computations optimally over a network of multiple servers; scheduling and controlling message flow in this network; smoothly integrating this technology with other components, e.g., databases, services, user interfaces. SMILE is applicable to any "sense and respond" scenario that requires monitoring and processing of events as they are generated. Applications span multiple industries, e.g., monitoring financial opportunities and detecting potential fraud in financial industry, systems management and alerts in data centers, inventory management in RFID applications, and business performance management. In this paper, we describe the SMILE system, its architecture, services supported, and implementation details, and its use in multiple application scenarios.
Abstract B170: Downregulation of Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression reduces cell proliferation and clonogenicity of pancreatic cancer cells

Recent genetic studies in Drosophila have shown the Hippo pathway to be a potential tumor suppressor pathway that could play vital role(s) in mammalian cancer development. The Hippo pathway regulates organ size by inhibiting cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis upon its activation. The Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) is a nuclear effector that promotes cell growth as a transcription co‐activator. In human cancer, YAP1 has been shown to be a candidate oncogene as the chromosomal region containing YAP1 (11q22) has been reported as amplified and over‐expressed in several tumor types, such as colon, liver, and lung (Overholtzer et al. 2006 PNAS, 103: 12405–12410). To determine the role of YAP1 in the tumorigenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer, here we examine YAP1 protein expression in pancreatic tumors and investigate the phenotypic effects of YAP1 down‐regulation in cultured pancreatic cancer cells. Initially, we evaluated YAP1 expression in pancreatic tumors through immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue microarrays (TMA) to determine relative protein abundance and localization at the tissue and cellular level. YAP1 staining intensities were moderate to strong in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cells, whereas the companion normal pancreas tissue showed negative to weak staining. In cultured cells, YAP1 expression and localization was modulated by cell densities. YAP1 total protein expression and Ser127 phosphorylation increased concurrently with cell density in whole cell lysates and cytosolic fractions, but does not in nuclear fractions. Additionally, transfection of YAP1‐targeting siRNA oligonucleotides within pancreatic cancer cell lines, BxPC‐3 and PANC‐1, significantly decreased cell viability and reduced cell proliferation in vitro. An additional observation was the diminished anchorage‐independent growth on soft agar of BxPC‐3 and PANC‐1 cells upon transfection with YAP1 siRNA oligonucleotides. The number of colonies formed were approximately 5% in BxPC‐3 (p Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B170.
Scaling considerations of interpoly oxide-nitride-oxide dielectric for high-density DRAM applications

ABSTRACT Highly reliable thin oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) stacked dielectrics with oxide-equivalent thickness To;eq h1 the range of 34—68A were fabricated using conventional furnaces and an RTA machine. Rapid Thermal Nitridation(RTN) in NH3 ambient of smooth poly-Si prior to Si3N4 deposition is found to be critical for improving dielectric integrity and low-field leakage current of the ONO stacked dielectrics. This RTN process also significantly improves oxygen diffusion resistance of ultra-thin Si3N4 film. As a result, 22A LPCVD Si3N4 is adequate to sustainwet oxidation at 800°C without any oxygen diffusion through it, which results in a manufaturable and reliableToxeq45A ONO stacked dielectric. By using rugged poly-Si as a bottom electrode plus RTN process, ONO stackeddielectric can be scaled down to about To,ceq34A without any leakage or reliability problems.Keywords: Oxide/Nitride (ON), Oxide/Nitride/Oxide (ONO), Rapid Thermal Nitridation (RTN), LPCVD, DRAM. Th[TRODUCTION The decreased DRAM cell area requires a highly reliable ultra-thin dielectric to ensure a sufficient amount ofstored charge. For high-density DRAM applications, high storage capacitance, low leakage current, high breakdownvoltage, long TDDB lifetime and low infant mortality are key issues to be considered for the storage dielectric.ONO stacked dielectrics have been extensively studied for more than a decade and still remain the most practicalstorage dielectric6. As the ONO stacked dielectric is further scaled down, systematic study on how to manufacturea highly reliable and controllable ultra-thin ONO stacked dielectric continues to be necessary. In this study, 34—68AONO stacked dielectrics were fabricated by simply using the conventional LPCVD Si3N4 furnace, atmosphericoxide furnace as well as an RTA machine. Detailed characterization of the dielectrics includes I-V, C-V, TDDBmeasurements, etc.
In vitro pulsatile flow velocity and shear stress measurements in the vicinity of mechanical mitral heart valve prostheses

A three beam laser Doppler anemometer system was used to study the flow fields created by various types of mitral heart valve prostheses under physiological pulsatile flow conditions. The prosthetic valves studied were: Beall caged disc valve, Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve, Medtronic-Hall tilting disc valve and St. Jude bileaflet valve. The results indicate that all four prosthetic valve designs studied create very disturbed flow fields with elevated turbulent shear stresses and regions of flow separation and/or stagnation. The observed elevated turbulent shear stresses could cause sublethal and/or lethal damage to red cells and platelets. The regions of flow separation and/or stagnation, could lead to thrombus formation and/or tissue overgrowth on the valve structure, as observed on clinically recovered prosthetic valves.
Cell surface glycoproteins of 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma clones of differing metastatic potentials.

Abstract Rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell surface glycoproteins from s.c. tumor- or lung metastases-derived cell clones of differing spontaneous metastatic potentials were examined for their relationship to metastasis. After treatment with neuraminidase, lectinbinding assays showed that highly metastatic clone MTLn3 cells express approximately twice the quantity of peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding sites (~2.3 × 108 sites/cell) than clones of lower metastatic potential. However, the number of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-binding sites on the various cell clones decreased slightly as the metastatic potential of the clones increased. The quantities of concanavalin A (conA)-binding sites were similar (~1.7× 108 sites/cell) in all cell clones and growth conditions. Glycoprotein analysis was performed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) and subsequent staining with 125I-labeled lectins. SDS-PAGE gels stained with 125I-labeled conA revealed mainly one glycoprotein (Mr ~150 kD), and the amounts of this glycoprotein did not correlate with metastasis. Differences in WGA-binding glycoproteins were detected between s.c. tumor- and lung metastases-derived cell clones. Several desialylated glycoproteins were detected with 125I-labeled PNA after SDS-PAGE, and the labeling intensity of one (Mr ~580 kD) correlated with the metastatic potentials of the various cell clones. This high Mr galactoprotein was further analyzed by [3H]glucosamine metabolic labeling, solubilization, sequential gel filtration, and chondroitinase ABC treatment prior to SDS-PAGE. The 580 kD galactoprotein was expressed in increased amounts on the more highly metastatic clones. Chemical labeling of cell surface sialic acid residues using periodate treatment followed by [3H]borohydride reduction showed an additional change in a major sialoglycoprotein (Mr ~80 kD), which decreased in labeling intensity on clones of increasing metastatic potential. The results suggest quantitative changes in cell surface glycoproteins rather than major qualitative alterations are associated with differences in the metastatic behavior of 13762NF tumor cell clones.
Thank God it's Friday: Evangelical Christians preach a new cocurriculum

Kelsey Ebben and Peter Magolda admit that using a campus Christian group as an exemplar of effective student involvement is unorthodox. But, they argue, the widely applicable lessons for other organizations are too praiseworthy to pass up.
Clinical and therapeutic observations in aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency.

Objectives: To elucidate the phenotype in aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive disorder of neurotransmitter synthesis, and report preliminary treatment observations with directed therapy of the associated neurotransmitter deficiencies. Background: AADC is a required enzyme in dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin biosynthesis. Five patients have been previously reported. Responses to treatment interventions in these patients have been mixed. Methods: Clinical and biochemical evaluation and therapeutic trials were performed in two children over a 26-month period. Results: Characteristic features included axial hypotonia, hypokinesia, and athetosis, with superimposed episodes of ocular convergence spasm, oculogyric crises, dystonia, and limb rigidity. Catecholamine deficiency was manifest by ptosis, nasal congestion, paroxysmal diaphoresis, temperature instability, and blood pressure lability. Abnormal sleep, feeding difficulties, and esophageal reflux were typical. Significant therapeutic benefit was observed in one child with a combination of pergolide, trihexyphenidyl, and tranylcypromine. Preliminary trials using serotonin receptor agonists or reuptake inhibitors resulted in adverse effects. Conclusions: The movement disorder in AADC deficiency, particularly the characteristic eye movement abnormalities, should facilitate the identification of patients with this rare but possibly underrecognized disorder. Directed therapy of the underlying dopamine and norepinephrine deficiency may be beneficial in some cases.
Fracture of metallic glasses at notches: Effects of notch-root radius and the ratio of the elastic shear modulus to the bulk modulus on toughness

Abstract The Anand–Su theory for large elastic–plastic deformations of metallic glasses is modified to account for the strongly nonlinear and eventually softening dilatational volumetric elastic response of these materials. Using this theory, we have conducted finite-element simulations of fracture initiation at notch tips in a representative metallic glass under Mode-I, plane-strain, small-scale-yielding conditions. We show that our theory predicts three important experimentally observed phenomena: (a) fracture initiates ahead of the notch root, where the mean normal stress reaches a maximum value; (b) the fracture toughness increases linearly with the square-root of the notch-tip radius; and (c) the fracture toughness decreases as the ratio of the elastic shear modulus to the bulk modulus increases.
The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE).

The three-satellite ERBE will be flown in the mid-1980s and will provide upgraded data on changes in the input and outflow of energy which drives climatic phenomena. The spacecraft will carry radiometers, self-calibration equipment, and be programmed with inversion and averaging algorithms. Radiation will be scanned at 0.2-5 and 5-50 microns. The ACRIM detector, similar to that on the SMM spacecraft, will measure the incoming solar radiation at the 600 km sun-synchronous orbit travelled by the three ERBE spacecraft. Data transmitted to the NASA-Langley Center will be analyzed with algorithms which extract radiant flux data from the measured radiances.
Modeling Seasonality in Fecundability, Conceptions, and Births

This paper develops a model of seasonal fluctuations in fecundability, conceptions, and births. We begin with a model of individual fecundability that combines behavioral and biological components, with particular attention to the roles of coital frequency, sperm concentration, fetal loss, and contraception. The individual-level model is then expanded into a model of seasonal fluctuations in births at the population level, which accounts explicitly for seasonal fluctuations in the size of the susceptible population. We illustrate the use of the model by analyzing proposed explanations of birth seasonality that rely on extreme summer heat.
Flow of viscoelastic fluids past periodic square arrays of cylinders: inertial and shear thinning viscosity and elasticity effects

Steady creeping and inertial flow of shear thinning viscoelastic fluids past periodic square arrays of cylinders is simulated using a higher order Galerkin finite element method with a variety of nonlinear differential constitutive equations. The results obtained with all the viscoelastic models show that as the pressure drop is progressively increased the flow resistance decreases initially, goes through a minimum and then asymptotes to its initial value. The computed results are compared with earlier measurements of Skartsis et al. with a 2% aqueous polyacrylamide solution. It is shown that the experimental and theoretical findings produce similar results below a critical Reynolds or Weissenberg number. Above this critical value the experimental results show a dramatic increase in flow resistance while the computational results show a reduction in flow resistance. This discrepancy between the experimental and computational results is due to the fact that at a critical Weissenberg number the steady base flow exhibits a purely elastic nonlinear transition to a time dependent flow structure that cannot be modeled by two-dimensional steady numerical simulations.
Contextualized Space-Time Accessibility Modeling and Measurements with NeuroFuzzy Proximity Relations

The paper proposes an analytical framework for contextualized space-time accessibility modeling using a neurofuzzy proximity relations approach that recognizes that information available to travelers is typically imperfect, incomplete, and in any case filtered through their cognitive and sensorial processes due to individual contextualized factors. As the concept of "accessibility" varies largely in different contexts, it should not only be defined a priori in crisp terms but also by means of linguistic qualitative descriptors more in tune with human cognition. These qualitative measures can be converted from and to transportation network-based metric distances, and consequently space-time prisms, using a neurofuzzy proximity relations approach. The reverse translation enables to feed crisp geoprocessing results back to information users in a form that is consistent with their own information processing capabilities. Along the same line, contextualized space-time benefit measurement is proposed via the neurofuzzy-based contextualization of the attraction of an activity location and of travel time to reach activity locations. This leads to a more individual-centric accessibility analysis that may turn out to be a core component of many applications to come, particularly location-based services.
Improving Instruction: What Librarians can Learn from the Study of College Teaching

Introduction “I didn’t become a librarian because I wanted to teach. In fact, the thought of teaching scared me to death.” By the time she wrote these words, Sarah Blakeslee had already overcome her fear of teaching and had successfully led a section of the first-year-experience course, “Introduction to University Life,” at the California State University at Chico. Although she had been trained as a cataloger, and teaching was not part of the work she expected to do as an academic librarian, Blakeslee had learned that the scope of work expected of a librarian in the contemporary college environment can be fluid and that, in an information age, every librarian may be called upon to become a teacher.1 Teaching, in fact, is a hallmark of the library profession today, as more and more people confront the challenges of accessing, retrieving, evaluating, and managing information from an ever-increasing variety of resources.2 But, while the rapid evolution over the past decade of information technologies such as the World Wide Web has brought greater attention to the librarian’s role as a teacher on the college campus, librarians have played an instructional role in higher education for over a century.3 Despite both the historic professional commitment to the librarian as teacher, and the increasing demand for instruction in how to use an ever-changing array of print and electronic resources, however, few librarians are ever formally prepared to teach as part of their professional education.4 Given the significance of the instructional role for librarians on the 21st-century campus, it is important to identify the ways in which academic librarians with little or no background in pedagogy, instructional design, or assessment of student learning meet the challenge of becoming effective teachers. Likewise, it is important to identify the ways in which academic libraries as organizations help librarians become more successful in the classroom, and the degree to which classroom performance is evaluated during formal professional reviews. In short, how do librarians become better teachers, what motivates them to pursue professional developImproving Instruction: What Librarians Can Learn from the Study of College Teaching
Advances in the management of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.

Background Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is the most common central nervous system tumor in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although these lesions are generally benign and non-infiltrative, they commonly arise in the region of the foramen of Monro, where they can cause obstructive hydrocephalus and sudden death.
A subspace approach to blind multiuser detection for ultra-wideband communication systems

Impulse radio-based ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems allow multiple users to access channels simultaneously by assigning unique time-hopping codes to individual users, while each user's information stream is modulated by pulse-position modulation (PPM). However, transmitted signals undergo fading from a number of propagation paths in a dense multipath environment and meanwhile suffer from multiuser interference (MUI). Although RAKE receiver can be employed to maximally exploit path diversity, it is a single-user receiver. Multiuser receiver can significantly improve detection performance. Each of these receivers requires channel parameters. Existing maximum likelihood channel estimators treat MUI as Gaussian noise. In this paper, we derive a blind subspace channel estimator first and then design linear receivers. Following a channel input/output model that transforms a PPM signal into a sum of seemingly pulse-amplitude modulated signals, a structure similar to a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system is observed. Code matrices for each user are identified. After considering unique statistical properties of new inputs such as mean and covariance, the model is further transformed to ensure that all signature waveforms lie in the signal subspace and are orthogonal to the noise subspace. Consequently, a subspace technique is applicable to estimate each channel. Then minimum mean square error receivers of two different versions are designed, suitable for both uplink and downlink. Asymptotic performance of both the channel estimator and receivers is studied. Closed-form bit error rate is also derived.
The role of stress in rheumatic diseases

Rheumatology patients frequently note the occurrence of stressful or traumatic life events prior to the onset of their illness and/or a relationship between stress and disease flares. For our patients, identifying causal events could represent an effort to give meaning to a chronic and often disabling disease, while noting a link between stress and flares may proffer a sense of control. Whatever purpose the report of stress as an etiological or maintaining factor may serve, the science exploring a causal relationship between stress and autoimmune disease onset and course is expanding. Moreover, stress can also induce symptoms such as pain via nonimmunological mechanisms.
Evolution of Thermotolerance and Variation in the Heat Shock Protein, Hsp70

Low to moderate levels of stress induce a class of molecular chaperones called heat shock proteins (Hsps), which protect cells, tissues and whole organisms from more severe stress. In higher Eukaryotes, Hsp70 is one of the principle heat-induced chaperones. This response is general, and how much Hsp70 an animal produces correlates with the level of stress to which it is exposed. Nonetheless, definitively linking high Hsp70 expression as an adaptation to stress tolerance is problematic, because organisms and cells respond to stress in many ways. By molecular manipulation of Hsp70 in one animal group, Drosophila , differences in hsp70 copy number are shown to directly influence heat-induced expression of Hsp70 and tolerance of heat. However, too high an expression level of Hsp70 can harm individuals during periods of rapid growth. This strong physiological relationship between Hsp70 concentration and thermotolerance, along with Hsp70's remarkable degree of interspecific coding sequence conservation, suggest that hsp70 regulatory elements may evolve as an adaptation in diverse species to their thermal environments. To examine this possibility, correlative studies within species and research on phylogenetic covariation between these traits is reviewed with a focus on Drosophila species. However, the techniques and results discussed should broadly apply to other animal groups where evolutionary approaches can be used to test whether genetic variation in both thermotolerance and Hsp expression within and among species select locally on either hsp70 sequence and/or expression.
Multigenerational coresidence and welfare policy

As part of the 1996 federal welfare reform, lawmakers required unmarried, minor parents to live with their own parents (or another qualified adult). This paper considers a few key issues related to this requirement: 1) prior to the living arrangements requirement, did income from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) lead teenage mothers to move out of their parents' home? 2) did young mothers who stayed at home do better or worse than their peers who moved out? and 3) how solid is the research evidence about these topics? Measurement barriers in census data prior to the mid-1980s and in state program administrative data, in the past and still today, impede identification of all teenage parents who live at home. Yet, even given this undercount, available data indicates that most unmarried, minor mothers lived with their parents, or other adult relatives, prior to the 1996 welfare reform. Although the research base on the topic is small, there is not clear evidence that the small fraction of young mothers who moved out of their parents' home did so because they could access AFDC income. Consistent descriptive evidence does suggest that living in a three-generational household is associated with teenage mothers' greater economic self-sufficiency; at the same time, however, coresiding teenage mothers appear to exhibit poorer parenting skills and the effects on their children and their own parents remain little understood. These findings are discussed in relation to the minor parent residence policy, and recommendations for future research are made including: 1) collection of data that better identifies minor parent families living in senior parents' households; 2) using whole-family perspectives that look beyond the minor mother to the well-being of her parents, children, and other family members; 3) studies that consider the selection of teenage mothers into various living arrangements when studying their consequences, and 4) intensive studies of positive and negative aspects of family functioning and social networks when minor mothers live in various arrangements. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investigation and initial management of suspected metabolic disease

Abstract Inherited metabolic disease commonly presents acutely in infants and children. For those involved with care of sick children, it is important to know when to suspect such disorders, the appropriate investigations and how to initiate treatment. This paper serves as an introduction to this topic and updates an article published in 1997.
Use of a monoclonal antibody to evaluate integrity of the plasma membrane of stallion sperm.

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm that a monoclonal antibody (F79.3E2; class IgG1 kappa) was specifically localized to an antigen in the acrosomal ground substance of stallion sperm. This antibody was used to develop and validate an indirect immunofluorescent procedure to evaluate integrity of the plasma-acrosomal membranes of stallion sperm. The concept was that primary monoclonal antibody would be "shielded" from its acrosomal antigen by an intact plasma membrane. Conversely, sperm with damaged plasma-acrosomal membranes would exhibit green acrosomal fluorescence when viewed with an epifluorescence microscope. A lipophilic counterstain (red fluorescence) was used to insure that all sperm were visualized. Sperm in fresh-extended or frozen-thawed semen were incubated with hybridoma supernatant containing monoclonal antibody for 30 min at 37 degrees C, then a second antibody (rabbit anti-mouse IgG-FITC) was added for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Unbound antibody was removed by dilution and centrifugation. Sperm were resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline containing Evan's blue as a counterstain. All sperm fluoresced bright red, regardless of the status of cell membranes, except that in cells with damaged plasma-acrosomal membranes, the green fluorescence associated with antibody was overriding for the rostral portion. By counting fluorescent and nonfluorescent "acrosomes", the percentage of sperm with intact plasma-acrosomal membranes was easily determined. Evaluation of five mixtures of undamaged and damaged sperm by this procedure gave a correlation of 0.91 between the percentage of damaged sperm in a mixture and the percentage of sperm with a fluorescent acrosome. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variability were less than 6%.
MRTD modeling of nonlinear pulse propagation

The nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fiber filters is modeled by a multiresolution time domain (MRTD) scheme based on the expansion in scaling functions. As for the case of the linear modeling of microwave structures, the MRTD scheme exhibits advantages over Yee's FDTD scheme, since it allows one to reduce the mesh size by a factor of five per dimension. This is demonstrated by modeling the pulse compression with both MRTD and FDTD schemes.
Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Conduct Disorder

These practice parameters address the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of conduct disorder in children and adolescents. Voluminous literature addresses the problem from a developmental, epidemiological, and criminological perspective. Properly designed treatment outcome studies of modern psychiatric modalities are rare. Ethnic issues are mentioned but not fully addressed from a clinical perspective. Clinical features of youth with conduct disorder include predominance in males, low socioeconomic status, and familial aggregation. Important continuities to oppositional defiant disorder and antisocial personality disorder have been documented. Extensive comorbidity, especially with other externalizing disorders, depression, and substance abuse, has been documented and has significance for prognosis. Clinically significant subtypes exist according to age of onset, overt or covert conduct problems, and levels of restraint exhibited under stress. To be effective, treatment must be multimodal, address multiple foci, and continue over extensive periods of time. Early treatment and prevention seem to be more effective than later intervention.
A second member of the Nicotiana glauca lipid transfer protein gene family, NgLTP2, encodes a divergent and differentially expressed protein

Multiple, highly similar members of the lipid transfer protein (LTP) family have been identified in Nicotiana glauca L. Here we describe four new members of the NgLTP gene family and further characterise one member. Three genes were isolated from a guard cell cDNA library and one (NgLTP2) was isolated from a genomic library. These four NgLTPs, as well as one described previously, NgLTP1, share >83% amino acid similarity, but the deduced protein sequence of NgLTP2 lacks the last five residues compared with other LTPs. Since the DNA sequences of the five genes are nearly identical, techniques based on nucleic acid hybridisation or PCR amplification were not sufficient to resolve the expression of the individual genes with confidence. Therefore, we characterised the expression pattern of NgLTP2, the only NgLTP gene that was not found in the guard cell cDNA library, using an NgLTP2 promoter-GUS reporter assay. GUS activity driven by the NgLTP2 promoter was assayed in three species of transgenic plants as an indicator of the endogenous pattern of expression of this gene. GUS was strongly induced upon wounding, whereas NgLTP1 was induced by drought stress. Sequence analysis of the NgLTP2 promoter revealed cis-acting motifs associated with induction by wounding. Differential expression of the NgLTP gene family, revealed by the different expression patterns of NgLTP1 and NgLTP2, is further evidence that these genes have multiple functions in N. glauca.
Can large wind farms affect local meteorology

[1] The RAMS model was used to explore the possible impacts of a large wind farm in the Great Plains region on the local meteorology over synoptic timescales under typical summertime conditions. A wind turbine was approximated as a sink of energy and source of turbulence. The wind farm was created by assuming an array of such turbines. Results show that the wind farm significantly slows down the wind at the turbine hub-height level. Additionally, turbulence generated by rotors create eddies that can enhance vertical mixing of momentum, heat, and scalars, usually leading to a warming and drying of the surface air and reduced surface sensible heat flux. This effect is most intense in the early morning hours when the boundary layer is stably stratified and the hub-height level wind speed is the strongest due to the nocturnal low-level jet. The impact on evapotranspiration is small.
Attachment and life history strategy

Del Giudice addresses a complex and pertinent theoretical issue: the evolutionary adaptiveness of sex differences in attachment styles in relation to life history strategy. Although we applaud Del Giudice for calling attention to the problem, we regret that he does not sufficiently specify how attachment styles serve as an integral part of a coordinate life history strategy for either sex.
Employing ionomer-based membrane pair technology to extract water from brine

Closing the water loop on long duration spaceflight missions is a key aspect of reducing mission mass and logistics support for orbiting facilities and interplanetary spacecraft. At present, no single practical process exists that is capable of extracting purified water from the wastewater stream in a single step. Recently, the use of synthetic membranes has shown promise in simplifying water purification systems. To build on this work, Paragon Space Development Corporation® (Paragon) researched the use of a microporous-ionomer membrane pair, or ionomer water processor (IWP), under a Phase I NASA SBIR to improve the robustness and effectiveness of membrane-based water/brine separation processes. The microporous membrane prevents liquid wastewater from direct contact with the ionomer, a condition that would reduce the effectiveness of the ionomer. A test rig was built and used to test the brine dewatering capabilities of the ionomer-microporous membrane pair. The hydrophobic side of an ionomer-microporous membrane pair was exposed to both liquid and vapor pretreated urine ersatz brine. The water vapor that transported across the membrane was collected as condensate and sent to a lab for analyses. While still not a singlestep solution to water recovery, prominent findings suggest that a brine dewatering system based on ionomer-microporous membrane pair technology shows great potential to reduce the complexity of water recovery systems. Of note: (1) the membrane pair can function in both liquid-contact and vapor-contact modes, which is important for zero-gravity operation, (2) the membrane pair was shown to prevent 98%-99% of brine stock TOCs and up to 99.8% of ammonium from entering the product stream (permeate), (3) near-complete drying of the brine can be accomplished with this technology, (4) temperatures to drive permeation are consistent with ECLSS waste heat, and (5) permeation rates suggest reasonable unit size can be designed.
Design of skin reinforcement for concrete pile caps

The large pile caps of buildings and bridges may get superficial cracks already in the early hours after concreting. Due to the large volume of concrete, the temperature inside the pile cap may reach very high values, as a result of the heat of hydra tion of cement. Because of the strong temperature gradients, the surface of the pile cap is tensioned and may crack. The employment of skin reinforcement does not avoid the cracking of concrete. However, this reinforcement may reduce the crack width, providing the onset of a large number of small cracks, instead of a single crack with large opening. The object of this work is to address this issue by analyzing the main variables involved and suggest a design methodology for the cal culation of skin reinforcement of concrete pile caps. Streszczenie W duzych oczepach fundametnow palowych budynkow i mostow juz po kilku godzinach od zabetonowania mogą pojawic sie rysy powierzchniowe. Z powodu znacznej objetości betonu, w wyniku ciepla wyprodukowanego w procesie hydratacji cemen tu, temperatura wewnątrz takiego oczepu moze osiągnąc znaczą wartośc. Na skutek znacznych gradientow temperatury powierzchnia oczepu poddawana jest rozciąganiu i moze ulec zarysowaniu. Zastosowanie zbrojenia przypowierzchniowego nie pozwala uniknąc zarysowania betonu. Zbrojenie to moze jednak ograniczyc szerokośc rozwarcia rys poprzez zapewnie nie powstania licznych, ale malych rys zamiast znacznej pojedynczej rysy. Przedmiotem tej pracy jest odniesienie sie do tego zagadnienia poprzez analize glownych czynnikow oraz propozycje metodologii obliczania zbrojenia przypowierzchniowego w betonowych oczepach pali.
Address of Welcome at the Georgetown University

It indeed gives me great pleasure to welcome you to Georgetown in the name of the Directors of the University. I feel that you are conferring an honor upon our science departments in accepting whatever hospitality we can give you for your sessions this morning. I am sure you realize that the University for many years has been extremely interested in your particular science, and there is no Department of the University which has greater cooperation on the part of the Directors. I presume that I am not departing from the usual procedure when I pay tribute to the late Father Francis A. Tondorf, S.J., who did so much for the Georgetown Seismological Observatory and for your Society, of which he was a devoted member. I feel that there will never be a gathering of seismologists in our University which will not pay tribute to this distinguished scientist.
Lysine Acetylation Is Widespread on Proteins of Diverse Function and Localization in the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii

While histone proteins are the founding members of lysine acetylation substrates, it is now clear that hundreds of other proteins can be acetylated in multiple compartments of the cell. Our knowledge of the scope of this modification throughout the kingdom of life is beginning to emerge, as proteome-wide lysine acetylation has been documented in prokaryotes, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and human cells. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify parasite peptides enriched by immunopurification with acetyl-lysine antibody, we produced the first proteome-wide analysis of acetylation for a protozoan organism, the opportunistic apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The results show that lysine acetylation is abundant in the actively proliferating tachyzoite form of the parasite, which causes acute toxoplasmosis. Our approach successfully identified known acetylation marks on Toxoplasma histones and α-tubulin and detected over 400 novel acetylation sites on a wide variety of additional proteins, including those with roles in transcription, translation, metabolism, and stress responses. Importantly, an extensive set of parasite-specific proteins, including those found in organelles unique to Apicomplexa, is acetylated in the parasite. Our data provide a wealth of new information that improves our understanding of the evolution of this vital regulatory modification while potentially revealing novel therapeutic avenues. We conclude from this study that lysine acetylation was prevalent in the early stages of eukaryotic cell evolution and occurs on proteins involved in a remarkably diverse array of cellular functions, including those that are specific to parasites.
Simulation and Analysis of the Effect of Real-World Driving Styles in an EV Battery Performance and Aging

This paper presents the large data analysis of the real-world driving cycles and studies the effect of different driving styles on the electric vehicle (EV) battery performance and aging. For this study, a MATLAB-based software tool, real EV cycle (REV-cycle) analyzer, is developed. The real-world driving data are recorded from the I-80 highway, CA, USA. In this study, driving cycles are classified into three styles as aggressive, mild, and gentle driving based on their average acceleration. Also, two standard driving cycles (EUDC and HWFET) are simulated by the software and the results are compared. The results show that the real driving cycles are very different from the standard cycles. Also, it is observed that the traffic flow affects the driving style, as the drivers tend to drive more aggressive during the light traffic hours of the highway, while the heavy traffic limits the driver’s aggressive behavior. On the other hand, the driving style has considerable effect on the energy consumption and the battery aging. The aggressive driving style demands higher average power from the battery compared to the mild and gentle driving style. From the aging point of view, the aggressive driving style leads to higher ${ C_\text{rate}}$ demand from the battery and it expedited the capacity fade process compared to the mild and gentle driving styles.
An Investigation into the Design of an Efficient In Ground Effect Flying Vehicle Planform

This investigation examines the optimal spanwise lift distribution for wings operating in ground effect. An inviscid vortex lattice potential flow solver simulated flight in ground effect using a method of images. This work studied ground effects influence on unswept, untapered, and uncambered wings. We explored a four dimensional design space in terms of flight speed, aspect ratio, lift coefficient, and height above ground that was representative of past and current ground effect vehicle flight envelopes. We numerically optimized each design point to obtain the greatest efficiency possible by varying the local twist of the wing at 17 control points and the overall configuration angle of attack. This design space search yielded several interesting results. First, the maximum efficiency of a wing in ground increases as the span of the wing increases for a given height above ground. Second, the induced drag a wing produces in ground effect decreases with an increase in aspect ratio, a decrease in flight speed, and a decrease in loading. Finally, the spanwise lift distribution of a wing drastically departs from an elliptical shape to a more triangular shape as the distance to the ground decreases.
Magnitude and Nature of Residues in Tissues and Eggs of Poultry Receiving Ruelene in the Feed

Ruelene® (4- tert -butyl-2-chlorophenyl methyl methylphosphoramidate) was rapidly metabolized by laying hens receiving the compound in the diet for 7 days at 100 p.p.m. Acetonitrile-soluble residues were dissipated from several tissues by the time the hens were returned to normal feed for 3 days, but appeared in egg yolks at 3 to 5 days after the hens were returned to normal feed. These acetonitrile-soluble residues were not characterized as Ruelene. Ruelene was degraded to phosphoric acid that was incorporated into normal phosphorus-containing constituents, particularly in bone tissue. Only 29% of the Ruelene consumed in the feed was eliminated in the feces during the 21-day experimental period. Six metabolites were isolated from the excreta and there was a possibility that nine metabolites were present. O -methyl phosphoric acid and 4- tert -butyl-2-chlorophenyl methyl phosphoric acid were tentatively identified. The in vivo degradation of Ruelene is complex, involving enzymatic attack at the three different groupings of the molecule.
Internal architecture of the talus: implication for talar fracture.

The internal architecture of the talus has not previously been well described even though the morphological anatomy and the blood supply have been studied extensively. This study describes the inte...
Cigarette Smoking and Chronic Kidney Disease in African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.

Background Controversy exists regarding the association of cigarette smoking and renal dysfunction, particularly among African Americans, who are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease; therefore, we evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking and rapid renal function (RRF) decline in the Jackson Heart Study. Methods and Results Rates of RRF decline were determined among 3648 African American participants enrolled at baseline in the Jackson Heart Study. RRF decline was defined as an absolute decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30% from visit 1 to visit 3. There were 422 current, 659 past, and 2567 never smokers identified at visit 1. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, physical activity, education, alcohol consumption, and prevalent cardiovascular disease, current smokers demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of RRF decline compared with never smokers (incidence rate ratio 1.83, 95% CI 1.31–2.56). Current smokers using 1 to 19 and ≥20 cigarettes daily had an increased incidence of RRF decline (incidence rate ratios of 1.75 [95% CI 1.18–2.59] and 1.97 [95% CI 1.17–3.31], respectively). There was a significant, progressive reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate from visit 1 to visit 3 in current and past smokers compared with never smokers. Finally, current smokers had a 1.38‐fold increase in C‐reactive protein compared with never smokers, after controlling for covariates. Conclusions In a large African American cohort, current cigarette smoking was independently associated with RRF decline in a dose‐dependent manner. There was also evidence of increased inflammation (C‐reactive protein) in current smokers, suggesting a potential mechanism for these relationships.
Postnatal lung growth: evidence that the gas-exchange region grows fastest at the periphery.

The site(s) at which the gas-exchange region enlarges after alveoli are formed from the saccules of the immature lung is unclear; however, this information might be important to studies of the regu...
Oral Health The Oral-Systemic Health Connection

The connection between oral and systemic health is becoming more obvious. Oral infections, specifically periodontitis, have been associated with diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, r...
Televangelism, Audience Fragmentation, and the Changing Coverage of Scandal

While the sex scandals of televangelists Jim Bakker and Jimmy Swaggart made headline news in the 1980s, the national media took a pass in 2010 when televangelist Marcus Lamb confessed adultery and alleged a multimillion-extortion plot against him. The case illustrates how the proliferation of media platforms has fragmented audiences so that some scandals, which might have been big news a generation ago, now circulate only within special interest communities.
Tobacco control programmes

Presentations were made on global, legislative and community approaches, which represent the fundamental aspects of tobacco control. Bung-On Ritthiphakdee underlined that smoking rates in Thailand have decreased although an increase was expected. This is in agreement with experience in Norway: per capita consumption peaked in 1975, and we should have experienced an increase after that, for the same reasons as in Thailand. Thus, if tobacco consumption had continued to rise at the same rate as before 1970, it would have been about 50% higher than it actually is today. Our peak occurred at a level of consumption that is only half that experienced in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. What happened was that we introduced our advertising ban in the same year, 1975, and, contrary to what has been reported at this conference, smoking rates among adolescents fell after that ban was enforced and sales levelled off at the time Parliament decided to introduce legislation. This was emphasized by the Norwegian Minister of Health in a letter to Dr Judith Mackay:“... there is no doubt that the Norwegian advertising ban has had a clear and substantial influence on total consumption in general, and smoking rates among schoolchildren in particular. In my view, the reduction brought about by the advertising ban will have a positive and marked impact on the future incidence of smoking-related diseases and consequent mortality.”
To Catch the Wind

This chapter focuses on the power of wind. Wind power, available throughout the earth, is believed to be equivalent to 100 billion watts per year. Winds are stronger at sea than over the land surface. To convert the wind energy into mechanical energy—and subsequently into electricity—is relatively easy. Of all natural energy sources, wind is the most capricious. Wind power at suitable windy sites can be used and it can play an important role in the development of an individual area. Even if extensive utilization of wind is technically feasible, the danger of possible modification of the weather can retard its full-scale application. Wind generators are commercially available in Australia as well as in several European countries. The cost of one of these products is between $2000 and $5000. Like other intermittent energy sources, wind use can be more desirable if an effective method of large-scale energy storage can be developed.