cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys in a Complex Multioxidant Environment under Conditions of Dynamic Straining

The behavior of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys during stress-rupture in gaseous environments containing multiple oxidants is discussed in terms of the necessary thermodynamic conditions for the various oxidation reactions and the subsequent effect of these reactions on elevated temperature mechanical properties. Results of stress-rupture tests of three alloys (Type 310 stainless steel, RA 333, and Alloy 800H) in a gaseous environment containing oxygen, sulfur, and carbon are presented with an emphasis on characterizing the microstructural changes which occur during stress-rupture and the resulting effect on stress-rupture properties. The effect of dynamic straining on the corrosion reactions is also discussed. ntmis|This paper is based upon a presentation delivered at the symposium “Effects of Environment on Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties” held at the February, 1982 meeting of TMS-AIME in Dallas, Texas, under the sponsorship of the Corrosion and Environmental Effects Joint Committee (TMS/MSD).
A fostering embedded system educationwith android sensory embedded system labware

The rapid growth of embedded systems especially mobile embedded devices results in a shortage of professionals for embedded hardware and software developments. In order to broader embedded system education in small college and university, we must overcome the difficulties such significant financial investment for embedded system labs and the high expertise requirement for instructors. This paper presents an ongoing work on developing a novel Android-based Mobile Sensory System Labware that is open source Android device based with short learning curve, portable, affordable, and easily adoptable. The proposed labware can greatly facilitate authentic and creative learning of embedded systems and provide extensive real world relevant hands-on experiences using smartphone devices with MCU controlled sensory. Preliminary feedback from the participating students is positive and encouraging.
Socially Engineered Groups in Business Curricula: An Investigation of the Effects of Team Composition on Group Output

Abstract Group activities, a common feature of business education, are expected to continue to increase in popularity. This article explores the formulation of groups and “social-engineering” methodology. The formulation process differs from the more traditional random assignment or self-selection in that it attempts to create groups with diverse backgrounds, talents, abilities, perspectives, and so forth. The results of an experiment suggest that for certain task types, social engineering and groups can be more effective than random assignments or self-selection.
The presence of copper in a purified lectin from Limulus polyphemus: possible new role for hemocyanin.

The hemolymph of many marine and terrestrial invertebrates contains the oxygen-binding, pi~nented molecule, hemocyanin, as well as lectins capable of agglutinating mammalian and bacterial cells. Traditionally these have been considered as separate c~E~onents. During the course of purifying a staphylococcus-binding protein from the s ~ of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus (I), we noted a high level of copper in the reoovered product. ~"~nis suggested that the isolated lectin was a hemocyanin molecule. The study here reported supports this association.
Morphological and genetic variation in the endangered Sulawesi tortoise Indotestudo forstenii: evidence of distinct lineages?

Limited fieldwork and anecdotal evidence indicate that allopatric populations of the endangered Sulawesi tortoise (Indotestudo forstenii) differ in size and presence/absence of a nuchal scute, suggesting that these may constitute separate evolutionary lineages. We examined morphological and genetic variation to determine if the nuchal scute is correlated with size or genetic divergence. Our results indicate a strong correlation between size and nuchal scute such that turtles lacking a nuchal scute were larger than those possessing a nuchal scute. However, we found no correlation between genetic divergence and presence/absence of nuchal scutes, and thus no evidence of genetically differentiated lineages.
JGOFS: Measuring CO2 in the ocean

Scientists are now measuring carbon dioxide in the ocean as part of a coordinated international study of the carbon cycle in the oceans known as the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). Current plans for JGOFS include a variety of surveys, process studies, and time-series observations. Such an ambitious field program is extremely demanding; the scientific goals require careful and accurate chemical analytical techniques, and the global coverage needs substantial international collaboration. The quality of these measurements is a key concern, as the eventual success of such a survey requires that measurements made at different times, by different investigators from laboratories around the world, be comparable and correct.
Design method for kinetically controlled, staged reactive distillation columns

This paper develops a systematic steady-state design methodology for kinetically controlled, staged reactive distillation columns, taking into account a single isomolar or nonisomolar liquid-phase reaction, heat effects, nonideal vapor−liquid equilibrium, and a distribution of liquid holdups on the reactive stages. The method is useful for developing a spectrum of feasible designs over a range of design conditions, which provides insight into the effect of such variables as reboil ratio, heat of reaction, and Damkohler number on the total number of stages. The method is demonstrated by developing feasible column designs for the dehydration of methanol, the metathesis of 2-pentene, and the production of ethylene glycol. In addition, an example is given where an ordinary distillation boundary is removed by conducting the reaction and separation simultaneously, thereby greatly simplifying the process flowsheet.
A closer look at education as epideictic rhetoric

(1994). A closer look at education as epideictic rhetoric. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 23, No. 3-4, pp. 70-89.
Superfluid Fermi gases with large scattering length.

We report quantum Monte Carlo calculations of superfluid Fermi gases with short-range two-body attractive interactions with infinite scattering length. The energy of such gases is estimated to be $(0.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)$ times that of the noninteracting gas, and their pairing gap is approximately twice the energy per particle.
Effect of wind shear on atmospheric wave instabilities revealed by FM/CW radar observations

An FM/CW radar sounding system designed and built by one of us (Richter, 1969) reveals atmospheric wave structure in unparalleled detail. The most outstanding features evident in the record are; internal gravity waves; features resembling Kelvin/Helmholtz instability structures; and multiple layering, often with lamina only a few meters thick. This paper shows a variety of atmospheric structural patterns and compares them with several hypothetical models of internal waves to obtain more insight into the atmospheric processes at work. Special attention is given to the distribution of the Richardson number in trapped and untrapped gravity waves. It is proposed that the multiple layers result from untrapped internal gravity waves whose propagation vector is directed nearly vertically within very stable height regions. It is argued that the layers are caused by dynamic instability resulting from reduction in the Richardson number due to wave induced shear and to some background wind shear when the amplitude-to-wavelength ratio grows during propagation into thermally stable height regions of the atmosphere.
A multi-sensory system for the investigation of geoscientific data.

Abstract In this paper, we report our ongoing research into multi-sensory investigation of geoscientific data. Our geoscientific data investigation system (GDIS) integrates three-dimensional, interactive computer graphics, touch (haptics) and real-time sonification into a multi-sensory virtual environment. GDIS has been used to investigate geological structures derived from high-resolution bathymetry-maps of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It helped us obtain improved models of the mega-mullions, which promise to grant insight into the deeper structures of the ocean floor. Haptic force feedback was used to precisely digitize line-features on three-dimensional morphology and to feel surface properties via varying friction settings; additional, overlapping data can be perceived via sound (sonification). We also report on the results of a psycho-acoustic study about the absolute recognition of sound signals, and on the actual feedback that we have received from a number of geoscientists during a recent major geoscience conference.
Performance of W100−xNx diffusion barriers between 〈Si〉 and Cu

Abstract The performance of reactively RF sputtered tungsten nitride diffusion barriers in both amorphous (W 76 N 24 ) and polycrystalline (W 46 N 54 ) forms is studied in the 〈Si〉/W 100- x N x /Cu contact metallization by electrical measurements on shallow n + p jun ction diodes, backscattering spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The DC characteristics of the diodes measured before and after vacuum annealings for 30 min reveal that about 120 nm thick, initially X-ray amorphous W 76 N 24 film between 〈Si〉 and Cu preserves the integrity of the metallization up to 750° C. The stability is confirmed also both by 2 MeV 4 He 2+ backscattering and X-ray diffraction analyses. Annealing at 800°C for 30 min results in overall intermixing of the layers, causing a shorting of the shallow junction diodes and forming a mixture of Cu, β-W 2 N, α-W, (Cu, Si)′, and W 5 Si 3 phases in the structure observed by X-rays. Analysis by electrical measurements on shallow junction diodes and X-ray diffraction reveals that the initially polycrystalline form of the W 100- x N x alloy is an inferior barrier. After annealing at 750°C for 30 min the DC characteristics of the diodes show a significant increase of the leakage current, and a mixture of Cu, β-W 2 N, and (Cu, Si)-ϵ phases are found by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Three-Dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation of Surface-Tension-Gradient Effects on the Leveling of an Evaporating Multicomponent Fluid

Mathematical and numerical modeling of drying coating layers is of interest to both industrial and academic communities. Compositional changes that occur during the drying process make the implementation of practical and efficient numerical models rather difficult. In this paper we present a three-dimensional mathematical and numerical model based on the lubrication approximation for the flow of drying paint films on horizontal substrates. The paint is modeled as a multicomponent liquid with one nonvolatile and one volatile component, termed the "resin" and the "solvent" respectively. Our model includes the effects of surface tension and gravitational forces as well as surface tension gradient effects which arise due to solvent evaporation. The dependence of viscosity, diffusivity, and evaporation rate on resin concentration is also incorporated in the model. A closed-form Linearized solution has been found for coating layers that are of almost uniform thickness. The numerical solution agrees closely with the linear solution in the appropriate Limit. A model simulation demonstrates the effect of surface tension gradients due to compositional changes in a three-dimensional flow field, and we suggest methods by which these gradients may be used to obtain a more uniform final coating layer.
Response of Creeping Bentgrass Carotenoid Composition to High and Low Irradiance

Carotenoids are important photoprotectant and light-harvesting pigments within the photosynthetic apparatus. Little information is available regarding carotenoid physiology in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Research was conducted to investigate relative high and low irradiance adaptation of creeping bentgrass with respect to β-carotene and xanthophyll composition. 'Crenshaw' creeping bentgrass plants were acclimated for 7 d to relative high [47.9 mol m -2 d -1 photosynthetically active radation (PAR)] or low irradiance (4.7 mol m 2 d -1 PAR). After the acclimation period, plants were transferred from high to low (low irradiance treatment) and low to high (high irradiance treatment) irradiance. Clippings were harvested at 0, 24, 72, and 168 h after the acclimation period. Zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin decreased from 5.1 and 3.4 to 0.9 and 0.6 mg 100 g -1 fresh weight (FW), respectively, over 168 h in low irradiance. As the turf adapted to low irradiance, violaxanthin, lutein, and lutein-5,6-epoxide (epoxylutein) increased at 24 h, but levels decreased from 24 to 168 h. Zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin increased in high irradiance, while violaxanthin and β-carotene decreased. Lutein was the predominant carotenoid quantified regardless of irradiance treatment. Cumulative zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and violaxanthin increased as a percentage of the total carotenoids as the turfgrass adapted to high irradiance, but decreased in low irradiance. Conversely, neoxanthin and β-carotene decreased in high irradiance and increased in low irradiance. Creeping bentgrass produces carotenoid amounts comparable to other plant species potentially attributable to selection efforts of more stress-tolerant varieties.
Andover: An early to midseason golden nematode resistant variety for use as chipstock or tablestock

Andover may be used as an early to midseason tablestock and chipstock variety. It has a very rapid emergence and early tuber set. The vine maturity is similar to Superior in the absence of severe stress. In New York trials harvested 90 days after planting, the yields of Andover and Superior are nearly equal, 274 cwt/A. At 120 days, over eight seasons at two Ithaca locations, Andover yielded 87% Atlantic. Andover appears to be susceptible to drought and heat stress which can cause early senescence and reduce late season yields. It has few external and internal defectS. Specific gravity is high for an early variety, being .009 less than Atlantic. Andover has excellent chip color from the field from a range of environments and from 7 C storage. It has good boiling and baking properties. The mealiness of the baked potatoes is especially good. Tuber dormancy is two weeks longer than Atlantic. The reaction to common scab is like that of Monona, which is considered to be resistant. It is also resistant to powdery scab and the golden nematode.
Rare-earth partitioning between hornblende and dacitic liquid and implications for the genesis of trondhjemitic-tonalitic magmas

New hornblende/groundmass partition coefficients for rare earths in a sodic, high-Al 2 O 3 dacite range from 0.9 for Ce to 4.5 to 6.2 for heavy rare earths, and the pattern is concave down with a distinct negative Eu anomaly. These coefficients indicate that hornblende may have been an important residual phase in the generation of high-Al 2 O 3 , heavy-rare-earth-depleted trondhjemites, tonalites, and equivalent dacites, implying that the magmas formed at a depth of less than 60 k.
A note on Hausdorff groups

conjecture. If onecould prove that proper closed subgroups (endowed with thesubspace topology) cannot have epic inclusions, then theconjecture would be shown to be true. Closed subgroups fall intotwo classifications:(a) open (and hence closed) subgroups and(b) nowhere dense closed subgroups.In this note it is shown that proper open subgroups cannot haveepic inclusions. To do so an algebraic construction of Peter J.Hilton is topologized. The nowhere dense case remains open.It is well known that in the category of Hausdorff groups continuoushomomorphisms having dense image are epic. It is a long standingconjecture that these homomorphisms are precisely the epics. If / -*• : G Gis epic, then the inclusion map from the closure of f(G) in G is epicalso. There is no loss of generality, therefore, to consider closedsubgroups (endowed with the subspace topology) and the associated inclusionmaps. Closed subgroups fall into two classifications:(a) open (and hence closed) subgroups; and(b) nowhere dense closed subgroups.It will be shown that proper open subgroups cannot have epic inclusions.To do so an algebraic construction of Hilton [3] is topologized. TheReceived 29 April 1975. The author wishes to express his thanks toProfessor B.V.S. Thomas for pointing out this open problem.
‘On‐line’ liquid chromatography/nuclear magnetic resonance mass spectrometry—a powerful spectroscopic tool for the analysis of mixtures of pharmaceutical interest

Liquid chromatography (LC), simultaneously coupled with both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) ‘on-line’ is a powerful structural tool and has a potentially vast range of uses within the pharmaceutical industry. Data from a mixture of fluconazole and related triazoles have been obtained from an LC/NMR-MS system developed ‘in-house’, demonstrating the power of this novel analytical approach.
Effect of Temperature of SnF Solution on Tin and Fluoride Uptake by Bovine Enamel

The tin and fluoride concentrations in surface layers of intact enamel specimens were analytically determined after treatment with 8% SnF2 solutions at temperatures of 25, 45, 65, and 85 C. Significant increases in fluoride uptake and particularly tin uptake in enamel correlated directly with the temperature of the SnF 2 treatment.
Pluralism, radical pluralism and the politics of the Big Bang

Imagine that, in your travels, you meet an earth systems scientist. She says that she is a total earth systems scientist. She is looking for one, single, concise, clean, elegant theory to explain E...
A Longitudinal Study of Health Improvement in the Atlanta CHDWB Wellness Cohort

The Center for Health Discovery and Wellbeing (CHDWB) is an academic program designed to evaluate the efficacy of clinical self-knowledge and health partner counseling for development and maintenance of healthy behaviors. This paper reports on the change in health profiles for over 90 traits, measured in 382 participants over three visits in the 12 months following enrolment. Significant changes in the desired direction of improved health are observed for many traits related to cardiovascular health, including BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol, and arterial stiffness, as well as for summary measures of physical and mental health. The changes are most notable for individuals in the upper quartile of baseline risk, many of whom showed a positive correlated response across clinical categories. By contrast, individuals who start with more healthy profiles do not generally show significant improvements and only a modest impact of targeting specific health attributes was observed. Overall, the CHDWB model shows promise as an effective intervention particularly for individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
Contralateral corticothalamic projections from area 6 in the raccoon

Abstract Contralateral corticothalamic projections from cytoarchitectonic area 6 in the raccoon were studied using the autoradiographic tracing technique. Following injections of tritiated amino acids, accumulations of silver grains were present over both the ipsilateral and contralateral ventral medial, central lateral, paracentral, central medial, parafascicular and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. These nuclei are also known to receive a number bilateral subcortical motor inputs. The additional presence of bilateral area 6 inputs suggests that these thalamic nuclei may be critically invovled in the bilateral control of movement.
Carbon isotope effects resulting from equilibrium sorption of dissolved VOCs.

To accurately interpret isotopic data obtained for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) dissolved in groundwater systems, the isotopic effects of subsurface processes must be understood. Previous work has demonstrated that volatilization and dissolution of BTEX and chlorinated ethene compounds are not significantly isotopically fractionating. This study characterized the carbon isotopic effects of equilibrium sorption of perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, benzene, and toluene to both graphite and activated carbon directly in batch experiments over a range of 10−90% sorption. Results demonstrate that, over this range, equilibrium sorption of these VOCs to graphite and activated carbon does not result in significant carbon isotopic fractionation within the ±0.5‰ accuracy and reproducibility associated with compound-specific isotope analysis. This implies that the isotopic values of dissolved VOCs will not be significantly affected by equilibrium sorption in the subsurface. Therefore, isotopic analysis has p...
Inhibitory effect of terfenadine on mediator release from human blood basophils and eosinophils.

Summary The effect of terfenadine on histamine release from human basophils and LTC4 production and release from human eosinophils was evaluated. Eosinophils and basophils were obtained by discontinuous gradient centrifugation of the peripheral blood of atopic asthma patients who were off medication. Anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human basophils was significantly inhibited by terfenadine. Maximum inhibition was obtained at 1 × 10–5m terfenadine (percentage inhibition = 57.0 ± 20.1; P < 0.05). However, only the highest dose of terfenadine used in this study, i.e. 2 × 10–5m, significantly inhibited calcium ionophore (A23I87)-induced histamine release from human basophils (percentage inhibition = 40.0 ± 14.6; P < 0.05), and LTC4 production from human eosinophils (percentage inhibition = 59.8 ± 9.9; P < 0.05. These findings demonstrate that terfenadine, in addition to its known antihistaminic property, also has an inhibitory effect on chemical mediator release.
Bloodied but Unbowed: Resilience Examined in a South Asian Community

The construct of resilience was examined in a South Asian community impacted by natural and human-made disasters. Forty-three Sinhala, Tamil, and Muslim Sri Lankans (27 women; age range 21-62 years) participated in 6 focus groups, conducted in either Sinhala or Tamil, to elicit participants' own ideas about components of resilience. Schema analysis of transcripts revealed that although some elements of resilience were common across ethnocultural groups, others differed by ethnic group. The differences appeared to be as much a function of type of trauma exposure as of culture. Components of resilience included many that are recognized in the western construct of resilience as well as 2 culturally unique components: strong will relating either to religious faith or to karma and psychosocial gratitude. These components could be examined in future measures of resilience with similar populations. Findings also revealed that some components of resilience can be taught; thus they can be the focus of interventions and public health policies. Language: en
High affinity estrogen binding by rabbit liver.

Macromolecular binding components for [3H]estradiol-17beta are present to cytosol prepared from rabbit liver. When cytosol from sexually mature male liver was incubated with [3H]estradiol and analyzed for binding on low ionic strength sucrose gradients, two peaks of binding activity were detected. One peak had a sedimentation coefficient of 4--5 S and the other had a sedimentation coefficient of 8--9 S. The two components differed from each other regarding steroid specificity and various physiocochemical parameters. [3H]estradiol binding to the 4--5 S component was not inhibited by estrogens, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone or cortisol. Binding to this component did not appear to be saturable and label was rapidly stripped from it by charcoal. Estradiol binding to the 8--9 S component was estrogen specific, saturable and of high affinity. The specific binder dissociates on high ionic strength sucrose gradients and sediments as a 4--5 S moiety. The specific binding protein has a Kd of 3.05 . 10(-10) M and a dissociation half-time of 33 h and there are 35.2 fmol of binding sites/mg cytosol protein. Estrogen binders are also present in liver cytosol from sexually mature female and sexually immature male rabbits. During prolonged incubation of [3H]estradiol with mature male liver cytosol at 0--5 degrees C polar metabolites of estradiol are produced.
CODE SIZE REDUCTION FOR ARRAY INTENSIVE APPLICATIONS ON DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

Optimizing the code size for applications that run on a digital signal processors (DSPs) is a crucial step in generating high-quality and efficient code. Most modern DSP provide multiple address registers and dedicated address generation units that provide address generation in parallel to instruction execution. There is no address computation overhead if the next address is within the auto-modify range of the address register. Many DSP algorithms have an iterative pattern of references to array elements within loops. Thus, a careful assignment of array references to address registers (called the address register allocation or ARA problem) reduces the number of explicit address arithmetic instructions as well as the execution cycles. In this paper, we present an optimal integer linear programming formulation for the address register allocation problem which incorporates code restructuring techniques. In addition, we have developed a Genetic Algorithm solution for the ARA problem that allows us to get near-optimal solutions in a reasonable amount of time for large embedded applications. Results on several benchmarks show the effectiveness of our techniques compared to other techniques in the literature.
High-speed log polar transformation implemented on a foveating sensor

The complex log polar transform is implemented on a multiresolution foveating sensor. The foveating sensor is a new device that can be programmed to capture an image with variable size pixels (super pixels) at very high speed providing data reduction at the sensor stage. A structured scanning pattern is suggested that approximates the log polar mapping and an algorithm presented that describes how to group the scanning super pixels into the transform. Simulations of the approximate log polar transform show that changes of scale (about 4:1) and rotation (0 to 360 degrees) of an object in the input image are converted into, respectively, the horizontal and cyclicly vertical shifts in an output image (a computational map). Therefore, the task of pattern recognition is greatly simplified and can be performed on the computational map by correlation. Finally, the sensitivity of the placement of the scanning pattern to the object, or centroid mismatch, is discussed.
Fault-tolerant control of real-time systems in the presence of single event upsets

Abstract High energy radiation environments, such as in space or in the presence of a nuclear event can adversely affect the operation of digital devices, presenting significant problems of reliable control to both Hardware and Software Engineers. These problems, although only recently addressed, have important implications for both military aircraft and space vehicles. The phenomenon known as Single-Event-Upset (SEU) occurs when bistable devices, such as memory, are corrupted by a collision with an high energy particle. These particles are found in abundance in radioactive environments and in outer space. An SEU can produce a variety of undesirable scenarios for a computer that range from annoying to catastrophic and can be either temporary or permanent. Some of these scenarios are; alteration of program memory, corruption of RAM or of a CPU register, and spurious or missed interrupts. A variety of techniques employing hardware, or both have been developed to enable recovery from an SEU. These schemes include RAM scrubbing, coding, fault-tolerant software, and judicious selection of hardware. A unique set of these and other techniques were developed for use on the Space Shuttle Inertial Measurement (IMU) computer. This paper provides an introduction to the phenomenon of the SEU, a review of some of the existing software techniques and hardware selection considerations to combat the effects of SEUs, and a discussion of the application of the techniques in the fault-tolerant, real-time control software for the Space Shuttle IMU's embedded computer.
Obstetrical Antiphospholipid Syndrome: From the Pathogenesis to the Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombophilia with clinical manifestations associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in patient plasma. Obstetrical APS is a complex entity that may affect both mother and fetus throughout the entire pregnancy with high morbidity. Clinical complications are as various as recurrent fetal losses, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preeclampsia. Pathogenesis of aPL targets trophoblastic cells directly, mainly via proapoptotic, proinflammatory mechanisms, and uncontrolled immunomodulatory responses. Actual first-line treatment is limited to low-dose aspirin (LDA) and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and still failed in 30% of the cases. APS pregnancies should be a major field in obstetrical research, and new therapeutics are still in progress.
A possible vascular mechanism for the inhibition of aqueous humor formation by ouabain and acetazolamide.

Abstract Ouabain and acetazolamide have been demonstrated to produce a decrease in the rate of aqueous humor formation in the enucleated, arterially perfused eye. Vasoconstriction was observed with each drug. This finding together with the additional observation that the actions of both ouabain and acetazolamide were completely inhibited by C-6 suggest that under the conditions in which the study was performed the decrease in aqueous production is not due to enzymatic actions on secretion. It is suggested that the mechanism of inhibition may be a vasoconstriction of afferent ciliary process blood vessels to decrease ultrafiltration. A specific receptor site of action for both ouabain and acetazolamide is postulated.
Behavior modification with a total class: A case report

Abstract Behavior modification principles were used successfully to modify behaviors of a total class. The four teachers who daily dealt with the children assumed major responsiblity for the program. They used a combination social, object, and token reward system to reduce hitting by 82%, spraying noises by 94%, name calling by 91%, and calling-out by 99%. There was no evidence of “symptom substitution;” positive effects on class work and achievement were noted.
Requirement of hydD, hydE, hypC and hypE genes for hydrogenase activity in Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori possesses a membrane-bound, nickel containing, hydrogen uptake hydrogenase enzyme; its synthesis requires structural as well as accessory proteins, the latter needed for the complete maturation of the enzyme. Our lab previously characterized mutants in the accessory hyp genes, hypA, hypB, hypD and hypF that were all severely affected for hydrogenase activity, and in some cases (hypA and hypB mutants) also affected for urease activity. This finding prompted us to disrupt the two remaining unstudied hyp genes of H. pylori, hypC and hypE, in order to see if the same pleiotropic effect would be observed. In both mutants hydrogenase activity was abolished but urease activity remained unaffected. Addition of 5 μM nickel into the growth medium partially restored the hydrogenase activity in the hypE mutant and to a lesser extent in the hypC mutant. In addition, we also disrupted the genes HP0634 (referred as hydD in the H. pylori 26695 genome database) and HP0635 (whose function was unknown, referred to here as hydE) to address their possible roles in the hydrogenase synthesis/maturation process. In both cases, hydrogenase activities were abolished and addition of nickel could not restore the activity, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the hydrogenase synthesis process rather than in nickel mobilization/insertion steps.
Suppression of neuronal potassium A-current by arachidonic acid

Abstract The effect of arachidonic acid on the A current ( I A ) has been studied in dissociated bullfrog neurons under whole-cell voltage-damp conditions. Arachidonic acid reduced I A in a dose-dependent and reversible manner without a shift in the prepulse inactivation voltage-current relation. 1.75 μM inhibited i A by 50%, and higher concentrations caused a total suppression. In addition, arachidonic add increased the M-current ( I M ), a different potassium current that does not inactivate. Neither indomethacin nor nordihydroguaiaretic acid, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors respectively, prevented I A reduction. In contrast, nordihydroguaiaretic acid prevented I M enhancement. Eicosatetraynoic acid, an arachidonic acid analog that cannot be metabolized, also reduced I A . These results suggest that arachidonic acid metabolism is not required to suppress I A
Minimum Aberration Fractional Factorial Designs With Large N

Xu has cataloged 165 minimum aberration (MA) regular fractional factorial (FF) designs with 2-levels and large run sizes N=128 (m=8–64 factors), N=256 (m=9–28, 109–119), N=512 (m=10–25, 238–246), N=1024 (m=11–24, 488–501), N=2048 (m=12–23), and N=4096 (m=13–24). Such an extensive catalog was produced because of an improved algorithm. We extend the catalog by 36 MA, 2-level regular FF designs: N=256 (m=29–36, 100–108), N=512 (m=26–29), N=1024 (m=25–28), N=2048 (m=24–32), and N=4096 (m=25–26). Although such enumeration problems are notoriously difficult with increased N and/or m, we brought the newly solved problems within computational reach by changing the vital isomorphism check component of Xu’s algorithm. Here we present a new, compact graph for solving regular design isomorphism problems and use the nauty program to solve the corresponding graph isomorphism problems. Supplemental appendices are available online.
A Hybrid Model of Fuzzy Time Series for Forecasting

This study proposes a hybrid model for forecasting. The hybrid model is built on heuristic and weighted models of fuzzy time series. Compared to heuristic model, the hybrid model considers not only heuristic factors but also weighted factors. Hybrid model counts in more factors for dealing with forecasting problems to get a higher forecasting accuracy rate. The enrollment of University of Alabama is chosen as the forecasting targets. The empirical analyses show that the hybrid models provide better overall forecasting results than the previous models.
Development of a cw Cavity Enhanced Instrument for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Trace Species

An instrument for simultaneous measurement of atmospheric water isotopes using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy has been developed. High precision and accuracy measurements (HDO <0.1 ppbv) were achieved by improved cavity design and data fitting algorithms.
Technology limitations for N/sup +//P/sup +/ polycide gate CMOS due to lateral dopant diffusion in silicide/polysilicon layers

The device degradation of dual-polycide-gate N/sup +//P/sup +/ CMOS polycide transistors due to the lateral diffusion of dopants in the silicides is studied using a coupled 2-D process and device simulator. Design rule spacings between the NMOS and the PMOS transistor are given for various NMOS:PMOS gate area ratios and thermal processing conditions. The simulations show that contrary to previous findings, micrometer and submicrometer spacings are possible for certain silicide technologies using low-temperature or short higher-temperature furnace steps. Simulations show that CoSi/sub 2/ and TiSi/sub 2/ appear to be better candidates for submicrometer dual-gate applications than WSi/sub 2/. >
The changing face of allergy/immunology fellowship programs.

Fellowship training in allergy/immunology (A/I) has evolved through the decades. Up until a few years ago, the application process was much simpler, with just a submission of a completed application form and letter of interest and that all-important interview. Since then, the requirements and documentation necessary to start and successfully complete an A/I fellowship have stockpiled. Are these changes really molding fellows to be better clinicians, researchers, and clinician-educators, or is this just a more laborious way of documenting their training because the medical environment has been increasingly susceptible to litigious investigation, and because of demands made by the public, the Institute of Medicine, and the federal government? The changes have been made across the board for the different specialties and subspecialties in medicine, and it has been particularly challenging to keep up with accreditation. In the last 5 to 10 years, some of the changes have included the application process, the level of supervision and necessary documentation needed for evaluation of the fellows, and advances in technology and the process of adult learning.
Optimal numerical flux of power-law fluids in some partially full pipes

Consider the steady state pressure driven flow of a power-law fluid in a partially filled straight pipe. It is known that an increase in flux can be achieved for a fixed pressure by partially filling the pipe and having the remaining volume either void or filled with a less viscous, lubricating fluid. If the pipe has circular cross section, the fluid level which maximizes flux is the level which avoids contact with exactly 25% of the boundary. This result can be proved analytically for Newtonian fluids and has been verified numerically for certain non-Newtonian models.This paper provides a generalization of this work numerically to pipes with non-circular cross sections which are partially full with a power-law fluid. A simple and physically plausible geometric condition is presented which can be used to approximate the fluid level that maximizes flux in a wide range of pipe geometries. Additional increases in flux for a given pressure can be obtained by changing the shape of the pipe but leaving the peri...
High-Pressure Response of Zirconia Nanoparticles with an Alumina Shell

Nanosized (12−17 nm) zirconia particles with a thin alumina shell (<6 nm) were studied at pressures up to 40 GPa by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The tetragonal zirconia changed to a cubic structure (Fm3m) gradually beginning at 10 GPa, and then transformed to an orthorhombic structure (cotunnite type) at pressures greater than 24 GPa. The phase transition between tetragonal and cubic is continuous without an abrupt volume change. The cubic to orthorhombic phase transition is sluggish and accompanied with 8−10% volume decrease. The compressibility of different zirconia polymorphs for the nanoparticles was calculated from refined lattice parameters.
Growth and Essential Oil in Dill, Anethum graveolens L., in Response to Temperature and Photoperiod

The effects of various combinations of day and night temperatures and day lengths on dill were studied in environmentally controlled chambers. The concentration of essential oil in dill herb was hugest under the highest temperatures tested, but except for within the highest temperature regime, the longer photoperiod also increased oil accumulation. A high temperature was necessary for high oil accumulation under a short photoperiod. Herb yields were generally greater under a short photoperiod, but particularly at lower temperatures. Time to maturity was accelerated by longer photoperiods and by increased temperatures.
Growth steps in epitaxial GaAs1−xPx

Scanning electron micrographs of a unique defect structure in epitaxial GaAs1−xPx present first visual evidence for growth steps with simple crystallographic indices.
Dye Impregnation Method for Revealing Machining Crack Geometry

The palladium nitrate dye penetrant method for revealing surface microcracks was investigated and applied to display the geometry of machining cracks in silicon nitride flexure test specimens. This method used elemental mapping with an electron probe microanalyzer to detect the presence of the dye and, thereby, display the crack geometry. A previously used bending method and a method developed in this study in which the specimen surface is exposed to the dye under pressure were used to facilitate dye penetration. Prior to applying the method to study machining cracks, carefully controlled Knoop indentation cracks introduced into flexure specimens were used to verify penetration of the dye to the crack tip. During these experiments it was found that the palladium nitrate dye resulted in a reduction in flexure strength, which, on further study, was attributed to the dilute nitric acid solution used to formulate the dye. Exposure to carbon tetrafluoride plasma etching prior to applying the pressurized dye method also resulted in a detectable decrease in flexure strength. Although there was clear evidence that exposure to dye and plasma etching resulted in a small but measurable decrease in flexure strength for the silicon nitride material studied, there was no detectable change in observed crack geometry. The reduction in flexure strength was apparently caused by a decrease in resistance to initiate crack propagation. It was concluded that the palladium nitrate dye method is an accurate and useful means for determining the geometry of small, otherwise difficult to observe surface microcracks. Nevertheless, caution should be exercised with the use of this method during strength measurements. When applied to machining cracks, the complex nature of these shallow, elongated, sometimes joining cracks was unambiguously revealed.
Outcomes of surgery for young children with multivessel pulmonary vein stenosis

Abstract Objective We pursued a multimodality approach to the treatment of patients with pulmonary vein stenosis, incorporating sutureless surgical repair, catheter interventions, and adjunctive chemotherapy. We report our outcomes after surgery. Methods Between January 2007 and August 2013, 49 patients with multivessel pulmonary vein stenosis underwent operations at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed data from a pulmonary vein stenosis registry and the medical records. Results At the time of the index operation, the median patient age was 6 months (range, 32 days-48 months) and weight was 4.9 kg (range, 2.1-13.4 kg). Fourteen patients (28%) died during the follow-up period (median follow-up was 0.5 years [range, 0.04-4.9 years]). There were 2 deaths (4%) within 30 days. Age at repair Conclusions Using a multimodality approach, we observed acceptable early survival after operation in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis, despite the need for catheter reinterventions. Lung transplantation remains a viable option.
Dermacentor andersoni Transmission of Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida Reflects Bacterial Colonization, Dissemination, and Replication Coordinated with Tick Feeding

Ticks serve as biological vectors for a wide variety of bacterial pathogens which must be able to efficiently colonize specific tick tissues prior to transmission. The bacterial determinants of tick colonization are largely unknown, a knowledge gap attributed in large part to the paucity of tools to genetically manipulate these pathogens. In this study, we demonstrated that Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, for which a complete two-allele transposon mutant library has been constructed, initially infects the midguts of 100% of acquisition-fed Dermacentor andersoni nymphs, with stable colonization and replication during a subsequent molt. Increased dissemination to and marked replication within the salivary gland was closely linked to a second (transmission) feed and culminated in secretion of bacteria into the saliva and successful transmission. Simultaneous testing of multiple mutants resulted in total bacterial levels similar to those observed for single mutants. However, there was evidence of a bottleneck during colonization, resulting in a founder effect in which the most successful mutant varied when comparing individual ticks. Thus, it is essential to assess mutant success at the level of the tick population rather than in individual ticks. The ability of F. tularensis subsp. novicida to recapitulate the key physiological events by which bacteria colonize and are transmitted by ixodid ticks provides a new genome-wide approach to identify the required pathogen molecules and pathways. The identification of specific genes and, more importantly, conserved pathways that function at the tick-pathogen interface will accelerate the development of new methods to block transmission.
Associations of hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activities with changes in dietary composition and low density lipoprotein subclasses.

To test whether lipoprotein lipase or hepatic lipase activities are associated with lipoprotein subclasses, and to assess the effects of dietary manipulations on these associations, en- zyme activities were measured in postheparin plasma (75 U heparidkg) from 43 healthy men who were randomly allocated to a low-fat (24% fat, 60% carbohydrate) and a high-fat (46% fat, 38% carbohydrate) diet for 6 weeks each in a cross-over de- sign. The high-fat diet significantly increased both lipoprotein lipase (+20%, P = 0.02) and hepatic lipase (+8%, P = 0.007) activities. On both diets, hepatic lipase activity was significantly positively correlated (P < 0.01) with plasma apolipoprotein (apo)B concentrations, and with levels of small dense low density lipoprotein (LDL) 111, measured by analytic ultracentrifugation as mass of lipoproteins of flotation rate (Si') 3-5, while lipopro- tein lipase activity was inversely associated with levels of LDL 111 (P < 0.05). Despite the cross-sectional correlations, in- creased hepatic lipase activity was not significantly correlated with the reduction in LDL I11 mass observed on the high-fat diet. Rather, changes in hepatic lipase were correlated inversely with changes in small very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) of Sg 20-40, and small intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) of Sp 10-16. Moreover, changes in lipoprotein lipase activity were not significantly correlated with changes in small LDL, but were positively associated with changes in small IDL of Sp 10-14, and large LDL I of Sp 7-10. Thus, while increased levels of small dense LDL are associated with a metabolic state charac- terized by relatively increased hepatic lipase and decreased lipoprotein lipase activity, changes in these enzymes do not ap- pear to be primary determinants of diet-induced changes in levels of this LDL subfraction. On the other hand, increased lipoprotein lipase activity induced by high-fat feeding may con- tribute to the accumulation in plasma of both large LDL I and small IDL, whereas increased hepatic lipase may promote catabolism or clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein rem-
Multi-platform remote sensing of new production in central California during the 1997-1998 El Nino

Abstract The effects of the 1997–1999 El Nino/La Nina event on new primary production are examined using a physiologically based algorithm of nitrate uptake by phytoplankton for the Monterey Bay, California region. Primary inputs for the model come from temperature and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll) using both moorings and satellite observations, providing estimates of new production with higher spatial and temporal resolution as compared to traditional shipboard measurements. We observed significant decrease in new production values during the El Nino event, and a corresponding enhancement during La Nina as compared to the values during the El Nino period. The observed interannual changes in new production varied as a function of distance from shore, consistent with the hypothesis that productivity offshore from the upwelling center was impacted because of the suppression of the thermocline and nitracline associated with the ENSO event. There was less evidence for a significant downstream trend in new production values, suggesting that distance from shore is the predominant variable in spatial estimates of new production.