cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paramagnetic Resonance and Relaxation of Ce 3 + , Nd 3 + , Er 3 + , and Yb 3 + in Pr F 3

The electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectra of 1% ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$, 1% ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$, 0.1% ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$, and 1% ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in Pr${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ were observed at 4.2 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The $g$ factors are found to be ${g}_{x}=0.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$, ${g}_{y}=0.946\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002$, ${g}_{z}=2.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, $\ensuremath{\theta}=15.{5}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.{5}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ for ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$; ${g}_{x}=2.801\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015$, ${g}_{y}=4.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$, ${g}_{z}=11.36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$, $\ensuremath{\theta}=41.{5}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{1}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ for ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$; ${g}_{x}=3.47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$, ${g}_{y}=5.427\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$, ${g}_{z}=1.205\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$, $\ensuremath{\theta}={9}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{1}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ for ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$; and ${g}_{x}=1.500\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$, ${g}_{y}=1.094\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003$, ${g}_{z}=2.937\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.017$, $\ensuremath{\theta}={67}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{2}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ for ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$. The $y$ axis is chosen in the plane perpendicular to the $c$ axis. The other orthogonal axes show no clear relation to the crystal faces, the $z$ axis being rotated $\ensuremath{\theta}$ degrees from the $c$ axis. The hyperfine splitting due to ${\mathrm{Er}}^{167}$ of 47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 G and due to ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{171}$ of 577\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 G were observed in the $y$-axis spectra. The spin-bath relaxation rates ${T}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for these same trivalent rare earths PrF were observed in the temperature range $1.3lTl4.5$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K at frequencies \ensuremath{\sim}8.9 GHz. The ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ data were fitted by ${T}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=2.85T+0.214\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{T}^{9}+0.378\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}{e}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}61.5}{T}}$ ($c$ axis); the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ data by ${T}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=143T+0.125\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}{e}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}56.4}{T}}$ ($x$ axis showing a strong cross-relaxation first term; the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ data by ${T}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=0.753T+0.276\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}{T}^{9}+0.171\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}{e}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}78.3}{T}}$ ($c$ axis) where an Orbach term $\ensuremath{\propto}{e}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}95}{T}}$ may also be added, possibly indicating relaxation via the first excited level of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$; and the ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ data by single terms proportional to ${T}^{2}$, which is probably due to cross relaxation to pairs.
A dynamic control redesign procedure for uncertain nonlinear systems subjected to input unmodeled dynamics

A global dynamic scaling based control redesign procedure is proposed for a general class of uncertain nonlinear systems with both static and dynamic input uncertainties (input unmodeled dynamics). It is shown that if a nominal control law is available that can globally asymptotically stabilize the nominal system (without the input unmodeled dynamics), then a dynamic redesign of the nominal control law can be performed to achieve global asymptotic stabilization of the system with the uncertain input unmodeled dynamics. The proposed control redesign approach is based on adding a singular-perturbation-like dynamic system extension to the nominal control law to address the control input uncertainties. The proposed technique is applicable to a general class of nonlinear systems including both triangular and non-triangular system structures and provides a global robust output-feedback stabilizing controller.
Pubovaginal sling surgery without using abdominal leak point pressure: an outcomes analysis.

Videourodynamics with abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) is the gold standard for diagnosing female stress urinary incontinence. Female stress urinary incontinence is broadly subdivided into urethral hypermobility, genuine stress incontinence, and intrinsic sphincter deficiency (Types I, II, and III stress incontinence, respectively). McGuire reported that abdominal leak point pressures allow accurate diagnosis of Type I, II, and III stress urinary incontinence.3,4,8 Type I stress incontinence is defined as urinary leakage coincident with ALPP greater than 120 cm H20, while Type II stress incontinence is urinary leakage associated with ALPP ranging from 65 to 120 cm H2O, and Type III stress incontinence is urinary leakage associated with ALPP ranging from 0 to 65 cm H2O.3,4,8
Advances in solid-state NMR of membrane proteins

ABSTRACTSolid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) is an NMR spectroscopy applied to condensed-phase systems, including membrane proteins. Membrane protein fold and function are dependent upon interactions with surrounding bilayer components. Structural and functional analyses are thus challenging, and new approaches are needed to better characterise these systems. SSNMR is uniquely suited to the examination of membrane proteins in native environments, and has the capabilities to elucidate complex protein mechanisms and structures. Notable research implementing SSNMR is aimed at developing new strategies and technology to efficiently target membrane proteins within synthetic and biological membranes. Significant advances have been made: observation of protein function in native environments, emergence of in situ methods to examine integral proteins within natural membranes, sensitivity enhancement techniques and cutting-edge structure determination methods. We present how these advances are applied to...
Dietary Fiber Analysis of Four Pulses Using AOAC 2011.25: Implications for Human Health

Chickpeas, common beans, dry peas, and lentils are pulse crops that have been a cornerstone of the human diet since the inception of agriculture. However, the displacement of pulses from the diet by low fiber protein alternatives has resulted in a pervasive deficiency referred to as the dietary fiber gap. Using an analytical method American Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2011.25 that conforms to the Codex Alimentarius Commission consensus definition for dietary fiber, the fiber content of these pulse crops was evaluated in seed types used for commercial production. These pulse crops have 2 to 3 times more fiber per 100 g edible portion than other dietary staples. Moreover, there is marked variation in fiber content among cultivars of the same crop. We conclude that pulse crop consumption should be emphasized in efforts to close the dietary fiber gap. The substantial differences in fiber content among currently available cultivars within a crop can be used to further improve gains in fiber intake without the need to change dietary habits. This provides a rationale for cultivar-based food labeling.
Temporal Specifications of Self·Timed Systems

Self-timed logic provides a method for managing the complexity of asynchronous module connections; the correctness of a properly constructed self-timed system is independent of the speed of its components. In this paper we present a means of formally specifying self-timed systems and modules using temporal logic, an extension of ordinary logic to include an abstract notion of time. We show by example that temporal logic can describe Seitz’s self-timed modules, giving detailed specifications for combinatory logic, and sketching the treatment of wires, align elements, feedback registers, pipelines and finite state machines. Temporal logic has an expressive power that makes it well suited to this task; it also provides a framework for proofs of the properties of self-timed systems.
Deletion of UCP1 enhances ex vivo aortic vasomotor function in female but not male mice despite similar susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction.

Females are typically more insulin sensitive than males, which may be partly attributed to greater brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content. Accordingly, we teste...
Medication Safety in the Pediatric Emergency Department

This continuing feature will focus on recent advancements in the areas of pediatrics and neonatal pharmacology and on methods for reducing medication error risk in this patient population. Most pha...
Gonadal Hormones, The Nervous System and Behavior

Gonadal hormones have two major effects upon those systems which control sexual behavior. In the adult organism the gonadal hormones stimulate cells of fixed character and permit the display of sexual responses—these might be termed the concurrent or activational effects of hormones. In the developing organism, hormones act upon cells which are labile and determine their future responsiveness to hormones—these might be termed the differentiating effects of hormones. The present chapter will explore problems and raise the following questions with respect to the nature of the hormonal activation and differentiation of the substrate for behavior: 1. What? What are the effects of manipulating gonadal hormones upon behavior? 2. Which? Which hormones are necessary and/or sufficient in behavior control? 3. Where? Where do the hormones act? 4. How? What are the mechanisms of action by which gonadal hormones alter behavior?
Memory for Serial Order in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: A Competitive Queuing Analysis.

Objective Competitive Queuing (CQ) models of memory for serial order comprise two layers: parallel planning where target items are activated and competitive choice where serial order is specified. The application of CQ models regarding healthy and pathological aging has received little attention. Method Participants included patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 26), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 29), and healthy controls (HC; n = 35). Memory for serial order in the visual domain was assessed using the Object Span Task, where participants briefly viewed then drew a sequence of four figures. Percent correct and total errors (omissions, intrusions, repetitions, transpositions) were computed for each serial position. Results Significant primacy effects were detected in each group. AD and VaD participants were less accurate and showed more omission and between-trial repetition errors than HC (HC < AD = VaD, p < .05). VaD participants produced more transposition and intrusion errors than the AD and HC groups (HC < AD < VaD, p < .05). A group × position interaction was significant for omissions (p < .05), with AD and VaD participants producing more omissions in later serial positions (SP1 < SP2 < SP3 < SP4, all p values < .05). Conclusions Analysis of accuracy and errors by serial position identified unique patterns of performance across groups that suggest involvement of distinct layers of response activation and selection. Serial order difficulties in AD may be due to weakened activation of task items affecting later serial positions, whereas poor performance in VaD may be due to weakened activation plus interference from extraneous stimuli at all serial positions.
Nonaneurysmal “Pseudo-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage” Computed Tomography Patterns: Challenges in an Acute Decision-Making Heuristics

Background Acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a medical and neurosurgical emergency from ruptured brain aneurysm. Aneurysmal SAH is identified on brain computed tomography (CT) as increased density of basal cisterns and subarachnoid spaces from acute blood products. Aneurysmal SAH-like pattern on CT appears as an optical illusion effect of hypodense brain parenchyma and/or hyperdense surrounding cerebral cisterns and blood vessels termed as “pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage” (pseudo-SAH). Methods We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data of all SAH diagnoses between January 2013 and January 2018, and found subsets of nonaneurysmal SAH, originally suspected to be aneurysmal in origin. We performed a National Library of Medicine search methodology using terms “subarachnoid hemorrhage,” “pseudo,” and “non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage” singly and in combination to understand the sensitivity, specificity, and precision of pseudo-SAH. Results Over 5 years, 230 SAH cases were referred to our tertiary academic center and only 7 (3%) met the definition of pseudo-SAH. Searching the National Library of Medicine using subarachnoid hemorrhage yielded 27,402 results. When subarachnoid hemorrhage and pseudo were combined, this yielded 70 results and sensitivity was 50% (n = 35). Similarly, search precision was relatively low (26%) as only 18 results fit the clinical description similar to the 7 cases discussed in our series. Conclusions Aneurysmal SAH pattern on CT is distinct from nonaneurysmal and pseudo-SAH patterns. The origin of pseudo-SAH terminology appears mostly tied to comatose cardiac arrest patients with diffuse dark brain Hounsfield units and cerebral edema, and is a potential imaging pitfall in acute medical decision-making.
Food and Nonfood Fisheries

Most fish species contain less than 5% oil. This is of importance to calorie watchers who know that lean meat contains usually 5 to 15%. Seafoods supply amino acids needed by humans, in balanced amounts. Studies sponsored by the American Heart Association show that diets high in fish result in lower rates of coronary attacks in middle-aged men. This reflects the beneficial polyunsaturated oils in seafoods that also have a high content of certain essential minerals and water-soluble vitamins.
Proliferative Retinopathies in Children

The first two entities, diabetes and SC, develop retinopathy based upon a systemic metabolic disruption of retinal physiology. The other proliferative retinopathies, except for chronic retinal detachment, are due to either genetic or developmental abnormalities. They all exert their deleterious effects by inducing ischemia and thereby disrupting the metabolic needs of the retina. This invariably leads to neovascularization (NV) of the retina with resultant glial organization with or without hemorrhage into the vitreous. Subsequent contraction of the vitreous gel causes retinal detachment and often blindness.
Synthesis and X-ray characterization of a polymeric 1:3 complex of copper(II) nitrate with pyrazine

The structure of poly-μ-pyrazine-bis(pyrazine)(dinitrato-O)copper(II), Cu(pyz)3(NO3)2, has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ with a = 6.8040 (10), b = 7.2860 (10), c = 9.289 (2) A, α = 69.65 (2), β = 68.51 (2), γ = 67.51 (2)°, and Z = 1. The structure consists of linear chains of copper ions bridged by bidentate pyrazine groups, with monodentate terminal pyrazine and nitrate groups completing the distorted octahedral geometry about the copper ions.
Mixed response to immunotherapy in lung cancer.

122Background: Mixed response (MR) to systemic therapy is common and associated with a poor prognosis. MR often represents a therapeutic dilemma resulting in the discontinuation of a therapy to whi...
Truly muscular Gaels? W.N. Kerr, physical culture and Irish masculinity in the early twentieth century

In 1908 W.N. Kerr, a tee-totalling, non-smoking, vegetarian athlete from Dublin took first place in a ‘Best Developed’ figure competition. Two years previously, Kerr had written to Vitality magazin...
Reducing Healthcare Costs in the Management of Pediatric Metacarpal Neck Fractures.

We hypothesize that a quality improvement initiative utilizing a Velcro ulnar gutter brace over traditional casting will impart significant savings without compromising clinical outcomes in the management of small metacarpal neck fractures. Methods Baseline data on number and treatment regimens of small metacarpal neck fractures were collected starting in October 2015. Velcro ulnar gutter braces were purchased for all orthopedic clinics in December 2016. Patients with 65%. These patients did not have a scheduled follow-up or further radiographic evaluation. In the first 26 months of implementation, this decreased healthcare expenditures by $261,846. Conclusions A quality improvement initiative emphasizing Velcro ulnar gutter brace treatment for pediatric metacarpal neck fractures resulted in a shift away from cast immobilization in >65% of patients, reducing risks and expenses of cast immobilization.
Longevity Records of Five Male Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) in Northwest Wisconsin

Although bats are highly transient and secretive animals, banding allows biologists to track the longevity of these mammals and their return rates to various roosts. For its mass, Myotis lucifugus (Little Brown Bat) is extremely long-lived, with multiple records exceeding 30 y of age. We report 9 longevity records from 5 male Little Brown Bats, found during hibernation in northwest Wisconsin, that were at least 18–32 y of age at the time of recapture. Extreme longevity records, like those reported here, may no longer be discovered, due to an introduced fungal disease, white-nose syndrome, that has caused mass mortality in species of hibernating bats in North America.
Antibiotic treatment and selection for glpK mutations in patients with active tuberculosis disease.

We read with great interest the paper by Safi et al. (1) describing frameshifts in glpK ’s homopolymeric tract (HT) of seven cytosines (7C) as a potential cause of antibiotic tolerance. These results have implications for tuberculosis (TB) treatment, but other forces than antibiotic pressure may be responsible for the emergence of glpK mutations (1, 2). We raise the possibilities of selection in vitro, selection in vivo from nonantibiotic host factors, and population bottlenecks in determining the fate of glpK frameshifts. In a recent study (3), we observed the landscape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations occurring longitudinally in-host for 200 subjects with active TB disease. We tracked mutations arising in-host between two sputum samples taken at different time points during and/or after treatment. To … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: roger_vargas{at}g.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Percutaneous Valve Interventions in Heart Failure

Heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite advances in guideline directed medical and electrophysiologic device therapies. Valvular heart disease (VHD) is common in heart failure patients and independently associated with poor outcomes. This review provides an update in the rapidly evolving field of transcatheter heart valve interventions (THVI) in the management of heart failure. Aortic stenosis (AS) may cause or worsen heart failure. Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) occur secondary to heart failure and contribute to ongoing adverse remodeling. Each of these valvular lesions is independently associated with worse clinical outcomes including mortality. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the management of AS. Challenges unique to the mitral and tricuspid valves are being answered by a multitude of different device designs with promising early data, most notably for edge-to-edge leaflet repair. Unbridled innovation in THVI technologies stand to dramatically alter the management of VHD in heart failure patients. Here we will review the complex interactions between VHD and heart failure, appraise the data surrounding THVI devices, and discuss opportunities for future research.
Ab Initio Calculations for FO 3 , FO 3 + , and FO 3 - Complexes Formed by Fluorine with Ozone

Complexes formed by fluorine with ozone, featuring neutral, positive, and negative species, as well as the decomposition reactions of the complexes are investigated with quantum chemical calculations, using the 6-311G* and the 6-311+G* basis sets, with the Moller-Plesset method. The most stable structures of the complexes are identified and the energies of the reactions of the complexes' formation and decomposition are obtained.
Race and Insurance Impact on Hospital Admission From the Emergency Department for Patients Diagnosed With Heart Failure.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze if patient race and the presence of insurance predict the odds of admission from the emergency department (ED) for patients diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND Excessive hospital readmissions for patients with CHF are considered a quality-of-care issue. Previous studies have not considered race and insurance in conjunction with quality measures in predicting hospital admission from the ED for these patients. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted from cross-sectional archival data from the 2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey using cross-tabulations with χ followed by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Race and the presence of insurance were not significant in predicting the odds of admission from the ED for patients with CHF. CONCLUSIONS Being seen in the ED within the last 72 hours and seen by provider types consulting physician and nurse practitioner were significant (P ≤ .05) in predicting the odds of admission related to a diagnosis of CHF.
Prevalence of major structures injury in thyroid and neck surgeries: a national perspective.

Background The objectives of the study is to examine the prevalence and burden of major structures injury (pharynx, esophagus, trachea, larynx, lymphatic, vessels & nerves) in patients who underwent thyroid, parathyroid, and neck dissection surgeries in the United States. Methods The study is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database, 2010-2015. The study population included adults (≥18 years) patients who underwent thyroid, parathyroid, and neck dissection surgeries. Results A total of 54,443 patients were included. Major structures injury was reported in 221 (0.48%) patients. The injured structures were vascular (0.22%), lymphatic (0.18%), pharynx/esophagus (0.06%), neural (0.03%), and trachea/larynx (0.002%). The risk of injury increased annually during the study period (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.44, P<0.001). The risk of injury was highest in patients who underwent thyroidectomy with neck dissection (1.01%) or neck dissection alone (1.81%) (P<0.001 each). The risk was also highest for patients with a head and neck cancer diagnosis (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.61, P=0.002). Patients with those injuries had a higher prevalence of blood transfusion (2.82% vs. 0.17%), postoperative fistula (3.10% vs. 0.03%), readmission (28.90% vs. 3.59%), and postoperative mortality (0.87% vs. 0.06%) (P<0.05 each). Management of patients with those injuries was associated with a longer hospital stay by 4.86±0.48 days (P<0.001), and a higher cost by $16,151.00±173.36 (P<0.001). Conclusions Injuries of major structures in thyroid and neck surgeries are more prevalent in cancer patients. There has been a recent increase in the risk of such injuries in the United States. Those injuries are associated with significant clinical and economic burden.
Bayesian Data Analysis for the Behavioral and Neural Sciences: Non-Calculus Fundamentals

This textbook bypasses the need for advanced mathematics by providing in-text computer code, allowing students to explore Bayesian data analysis without the calculus background normally considered a prerequisite for this material. Now, students can use the best methods without needing advanced mathematical techniques. This approach goes beyond “frequentist” concepts of p-values and null hypothesis testing, using the full power of modern probability theory to solve real-world problems. The book offers a fully self-contained course, which demonstrates analysis techniques throughout with worked examples crafted specifically for students in the behavioral and neural sciences. The book presents two general algorithms that help students solve the measurement and model selection (also called “hypothesis testing”) problems most frequently encountered in real-world applications.
Honouring Our Grandmothers: Towards a Curriculum of Rahma

An autobiographical narrative inquiry exploring possibilities of co-composing curriculum alongside children, youth, families, colleagues, and community members that honours different ways of knowing and being in ways that honours (the poetry of) our grandmothers.
Inability of Radioiodine Remnant Ablation to Improve Postoperative Outcome in Adult Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Abstract Objective To determine whether radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) reduces cause-specific mortality (CSM) or tumor recurrence (TR) rate after bilateral lobar resection (BLR). Patients and Methods There were 2952 low-risk adult papillary thyroid cancer (LRAPTC) patients (with MACIS scores Results During 1955-1974, the 20-year CSM and TR rates after BLR alone were 1.0% and 6.8%; rates after BLR+RRA were 0% (P=.63) and 5.9% (P=.82). During 1975-1994, post-BLR 20-year rates for CSM and TR were 0.3% and 7.5%; after BLR+RRA, rates were higher at 0.9% (P=.31) and 12.8% (P=.01). When TR rates were examined separately for 448 node-negative and 317 node-positive patients, differences were nonsignificant. In 1995-2014, post-BLR 20-year CSM and TR rates were 0% and 9.2%; rates after BLR+RRA were higher at 1.4% (P=.19) and 21.0% (P Conclusion RRA administered to LRAPTC patients during 1955-2014 did not reduce either the CSM or TR rate. We would therefore not recommend RRA in LRAPTC patients undergoing BLR with curative intent.
Analysis of Associative Ionization Rates for Hypersonic Flows

Three of the key associative ionization reactions that lead to plasma formation around hypersonic vehicles are studied in detail. For production of NO+, O2+, and CO+, cross sections derived from ex...
Arguing Until Doomsday: Stephen Douglas, Jefferson Davis, and the Struggle for American Democracy: by Michael E. Woods, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020, Pp. 352, $34.95 (hbk), $26.99 (e-book), ISBN 9781469656397, ISBN 9781469656403

Michael E. Woods provocatively reinterprets the history of the Democratic Party and the coming of the Civil War with his inspired pairing of Stephen A. Douglas and Jefferson Davis in Arguing until ...
Application of theoretical frameworks on human papillomavirus vaccine interventions in the United States: systematic review and meta-analysis

Theoretical frameworks are useful tools to explain the dynamics of behavioral change, develop, and implement intervention studies. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the application of theoretical frameworks and models to HPV vaccination intervention studies in the United States (US) from January 2006 to December 2019. A comprehensive search across databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, ERIC, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, was conducted. Articles were included in the systematic analysis if at least one theory was used to develop the intervention phase. All intervention studies targeting populations in the US without restrictions of age, income, sex, and ethnicity were included. Articles were included in the meta-analysis if vaccine uptake and/or vaccine completion was addressed. The Health Belief Model, Motivational Interviewing, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills were the most used theories. Based on theory integrity, theory rationale, and theory operationalization, most of the studies (60%) were rated high for the application of the theoretical frameworks. Our results suggest a preference for theoretical frameworks targeting individual change rather than community change and the existence of gender disparities in the application of theoretical frameworks. The association between theory and increase of likelihood in vaccine uptake and completion was not supported. This review spotlights common issues in the application of theoretical frameworks in HPV vaccine interventions in the US. Our results suggest we are still in a developmental phase on several aspects of theory application to HPV vaccination.
Hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy: the ‘generator’ and ‘receiver’

Bonilha L, Halford JJ, Morgan PS, Edwards JC. Hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy: the ‘generator’ and ‘receiver’. Acta Neurol Scand: 2012: 125: 105–110. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objective – Some patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) display bilateral hippocampal atrophy on MRI, even though seizures originate in only one hippocampus. The correct identification of the epileptogenic hippocampus (the ‘generator’) vs the non-epileptogenic (the ‘receiver’) may lead to better surgical planning and results. Materials and Methods – We studied 14 patients with MTLE (eight left and six right) who became seizure free after unilateral hippocampal resection, with hippocampal sclerosis confirmed by histology. Hippocampal tridimensional morphometry was performed comparing patients and healthy controls employing a voxel-wise Wilcoxon test. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons with the application of a False Discovery Rate (FDR)-corrected threshold for q < 0.05. Results – Patients with MTLE showed atrophy involving the ipsilateral hippocampus and the contralateral hippocampus, more pronouncedly within the ipsilateral hippocampus in the anterior–inferior aspect of the hippocampal head (left MTLE, left hippocampus x = −28, y = −16, z = −24, Z = 3.6; right MTLE, right hippocampus x = 22, y = −11, z = −27, Z = 2.9). On the contralateral hippocampus, the atrophy was more noticeable in the posterior head and body areas. Conclusion – The epileptogenic hippocampal atrophy has an anatomically distinct pattern compared with the contralateral hippocampus. This information may help guide the presurgical assessment of MTLE.
Abstract 665: Therapeutic targeting of breast cancer stem cells using PG-101 improves breast cancer survival

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Since the original description of CSCs in solid tumors in 2003, emerging evidence suggests the presence of multiple breast CSC states (CD44+CD24-EpCAM+, ALDH+) that might be responsible for distinct processes in breast cancer progression such as metastasis, invasion, and proliferation. It has been hypothesized that CSCs contribute to the cellular heterogeneity within cancer, the metastatic spread, and eventual recurrence. As chemotherapy and radiation are relatively ineffective at targeting CSCs, therapeutic agents that target the relatively rare CSC population are highly needed. To this end, we define another marker epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) as a novel target for this population of cells. EMP2 is an oncogenic protein whose expression has been shown to correlate with tumor progression and survival in a number of human cancers including breast, ovarian, and endometrial tumors. Clinical data also revealed higher levels of EMP2 in metastatic lesions compared to primary tumors and high expression in triple negative breast cancer. In this study, we show new evidence that EMP2 is highly expressed in CSCs and regulates their proposed functions, namely mammosphere formation and invasion. Moreover, in vivo modulation of EMP2 expression in both triple negative and HER2 positive tumors show that EMP2 promotes ALDH1 expression as well as increases tumor load. We have recently developed a novel IgG1 monoclonal antibody to EMP2 termed PG-101, and we have shown that this therapy reduces primary. We now have evidence that PG-101 treatment in the primary tumor is sufficient to reduce secondary tumor formation in triple negative breast cancer cells on the order of 1:20,000 compared to the control treated mice. To extend on the benefits of PG-101, we have combined it with docetaxel in an effort to mimic the clinical setting given that the vast majority of patients treated in the neoadjuvant setting have a taxane as part of the regimen. Data using triple negative xenografts show that PG-101 in combination with docetaxel can cure up to 80% of animals treated. This effect is lasting as these mice have shown no rebound in tumor load more than 2 months following the last treatment. Collectively, these results show that PG-101 therapy has the potential to revolutionize the outcomes for women with breast cancer. Citation Format: Madhuri Wadehra, Meagan Kiyohara. Therapeutic targeting of breast cancer stem cells using PG-101 improves breast cancer survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 665. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-665
Calculations for Ar + Xe* and ArXe+ + e

A number of fundamental atomic and molecular collision processes, including dissociative recombination (DR), are important in the kinetics of laser systems. For the past few years, we have been developing theoretical techniques to treat inelastic collision processes important in the atomic xenon laser. Specifically, these processes may be written: $$Xe*(n\ell KJ) + He \to Xe*(n'\ell 'K'J')$$ (1) $$Xe*(n\ell KJ) + Ar \to Xe*(n'\ell 'K'J')$$ (2) $$ArX{e^ + }e \to Xe*(n\ell KJ) + Ar$$ (3) Processes (1) and (2) are fine structure changing collisions. The quantum numbers specify the atomic orbital (nl), the details of the angular momentum coupling between the valence electron and the ionic core (K), and the total angular momentum (J). We have recently calculated the excited state potential curves and matrix elements necessary for a quantum mechanical treatment of the dynamics of these collisions.1,2 Process (3), DR, involves the same atomic particles (in a different arrangement) as processes (1) and (2). Our recent calculations have focused on the low lying excited states that govern processes (1) and (2). We are able to use some of the same theoretical techniques implemented earlier to obtain the relevant potential curves to analyze DR.
Phase Space Density matching of relativistic electrons using the Van Allen Probes: REPT results

[1] Phase Space Density (PSD) matching can be used to identify the presence of nonadiabatic processes, evaluate accuracy of magnetic field models, or to cross-calibrate instruments. Calculating PSD in adiabatic invariant coordinates requires a global specification of the magnetic field. For a well specified global magnetic field, nonadiabatic processes or inadequate cross calibration will give a poor PSD match. We have calculated PSD(μ, K) for both Van Allen Probes using a range of models and compare these PSDs at conjunctions in L* (for given μ, K). We quantitatively assess the relative goodness of each model for radiation belt applications. We also quantify the uncertainty in the model magnetic field magnitude and the related uncertainties in PSD, which has applications for modeling and particle data without concurrent magnetic field measurements. Using this technique, we show the error in PSD for an energy spectrum observed by the relativistic electron-proton telescope (REPT) is a factor of ∼1.2 using the TS04 model.
A Case Study of Two Teachers: Teacher Questions and Student Explanations

Abstract We focus on the ways in which two middle school teachers interacted with their students at various points during a long-term University-based professional development project. Our specific focus in this report is on the types of changes that occurred in the ways in which the teachers provided opportunities for their students to defend and justify solutions and communicate directly with their peers.
Orbital Versus Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Anatomical Insights into Content Versus Process Differentiation Models of the Prefrontal Cortex

Content differentiation models posit that different areas of the prefrontal cortex perform similar operations but differ in terms of the content that is operated on. For example, it has been suggested that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) perform similar working memory or inhibitory operations, but on different types of content (e.g., reward versus spatial or feature-based versus abstract). In contrast to the above models, process differentiation models posit that different areas of the prefrontal cortex perform fundamentally different operations. Surprisingly, discussions of these dueling models rarely incorporate information about anatomy. The only exception is that advocates of content differentiation models appropriately note that different parts of the prefrontal cortex receive different afferents. Yet, an examination of the anatomy of the OFC and the DLPFC reveal numerous differences in cortical structure and interneuron composition. These structural differences necessitate that the OFC and the DLPFC will have strikingly different computational features. Given such computational differences, strong versions of content differentiation models are untenable. While overarching themes may help explain the operations in both the OFC and the DLPFC, the specific operations performed in the two regions are likely to be both quantitatively and qualitatively different in nature.
On the Portable Remote Diagnostic Information and Telemedicine System (PoRDITS)

The explosive proliferation of networking technologies is drastically affecting operations in the health care industry. Physicians now can provide better services at lower costs through the efficient management of medical information. In recognition the importance of the interoperability of medical information, both government agencies and the private sector have made considerable investment in various medical standards, such as DICOM, HL7 and various electronic patient record systems. Among many of the standards activities, one missing element is a universal software model that would enable physicians to integrate and customize various medical information products into a complete suite for their particular needs. A software tool built on the basis of such a software model should be provably reliable, verifiable and field-configurable. It should allow instrument vendors to embed their hardware and software solutions into the tool without compromising their proprietary designs. This tool should be able to communicate and command different instruments in a consistent manner, so that new applications can be built upon well-known and well-accepted software layers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this solution approach, we developed a portable medical information management prototype, the Portable Remote Diagnostic Information and Telemedicine System (PoRDITS).
Balance and ambulation improvements in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury using locomotor training-based rehabilitation.

Abstract Harkema SJ, Schmidt-Read M, Lorenz DJ, Edgerton VR, Behrman AL. Balance and ambulation improvements in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury using locomotor training–based rehabilitation. Objective To evaluate the effects of intensive locomotor training on balance and ambulatory function at enrollment and discharge during outpatient rehabilitation after incomplete SCI. Design Prospective observational cohort. Setting Seven outpatient rehabilitation centers from the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation NeuroRecovery Network (NRN). Participants Patients (N=196) with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade C or D SCI who received at least 20 locomotor training treatment sessions in the NRN. Interventions Intensive locomotor training, including step training using body-weight support and manual facilitation on a treadmill followed by overground assessment and community integration. Main Outcome Measures Berg Balance Scale; Six-Minute Walk Test; 10-Meter Walk Test. Results Outcome measures at enrollment showed high variability between patients with AIS grades C and D. Significant improvement from enrollment to final evaluation was observed in balance and walking measures for patients with AIS grades C and D. The magnitude of improvement significantly differed between AIS groups for all measures. Time since SCI was not associated significantly with outcome measures at enrollment, but was related inversely to levels of improvement. Conclusions Significant variability in baseline values of functional outcome measures is evident after SCI in individuals with AIS grades C and D and significant functional recovery can continue to occur even years after injury when provided with locomotor training. These results indicate that rehabilitation, which provides intensive activity-based therapy, can result in functional improvements in individuals with chronic incomplete SCI.
Tree-based delimitation of morphologically ambiguous taxa: a study of the lizard malaria parasites on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.

Malaria parasites in the genus Plasmodium have been classified primarily on the basis of differences in morphology. These single-celled organisms often lack distinguishing morphological features, and this can encumber both species delimitation and identification. Six saurian malaria parasites have been described from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. All six infect lizards in the genus Anolis, but only two of these parasites can be distinguished using morphology. The remaining four species overlap in morphology and geography, and cannot be consistently identified using traditional methods. We compared a morphological approach with a molecular phylogenetic approach for assessing the taxonomy of these parasites. We surveyed for blood parasites from 677 Anolis lizards, representing 26 Anolis spp. from a total of 52 sites across Hispaniola. Fifty-five of these lizards were infected with Plasmodium spp., representing several new host records, but only 24 of these infections could be matched to previously described species using traditional morphological criteria. We then estimated the phylogeny of these parasites using both mitochondrial (cytb and coxI) and nuclear (EF2) genes, and included carefully selected GenBank sequences to confirm identities for certain species. Our molecular results unambiguously corroborated our morphology-based species identifications for only the two species previously judged to be morphologically distinctive. The remaining infections fell into two well-supported and reciprocally monophyletic clades, which contained the morphological variation previously reported for all four of the morphologically ambiguous species. One of these clades was identified as Plasmodium floridense and the other as Plasmodium fairchildi hispaniolae. We elevate the latter to Plasmodium hispaniolae comb. nov. because it is polyphyletic with the mainland species Plasmodium fairchildi fairchildi and we contribute additional morphological and molecular characters for future species delimitation. Our phylogenetic hypotheses indicate that two currently recognised taxa, Plasmodium minasense anolisi and Plasmodium tropiduri caribbense, are not valid on Hispaniola. These results illustrate that molecular data can improve taxonomic hypotheses in Plasmodium when reliable morphological characters are lacking.
Defining sexual outcomes after treatment for localized prostate carcinoma

BACKGROUND The objective of this survey was to identify factors associated with good sexual outcomes in a large group of survivors of localized prostate carcinoma. METHODS A postal survey was sent to 2636 men in the Cleveland Clinic Foundation's Prostate Cancer Registry who either were treated with definitive radiotherapy or underwent prostatectomy for localized prostate carcinoma. The survey asked about demographic items, past and current sexual functioning, partner's sexual function and health, and a number of factors hypothesized to affect sexual satisfaction. Standardized questionnaires included the Sexual Self-Schema Scale-Male Version, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), urinary and bowel symptom scales from the Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index, and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS The return rate was 49%, yielding a sample of 1236 men at an average of 4.3 years post-treatment. Comparing responders with nonresponders suggested that the sample may have been somewhat biased toward men who were more interested in maintaining sexual function. At the time they were diagnosed with prostate carcinoma, 36% of men had erectile dysfunction (ED). Within the past 6 months, however, 85% of men reported having ED. Only 13% of men were having reliable, firm erections spontaneously, and another 8% of men were having erections with the aid of a medical treatment. Men were as distressed about loss of desire and trouble having satisfying orgasms as they were about ED. Of the 84% of men who reported having a current sexual partner, 66% indicated that she had a sexual problem. Younger age was associated strongly with better sexual outcome (global IIEF score). With demographic factors taken into account, better sexual outcome was related significantly to medical factors, including not having neoadjuvant or current antiandrogen therapy, undergoing bilateral nerve-sparing prostatectomy or brachytherapy, and having better mental and physical health composite scores on the SF-36. Sexual factors that were associated with a better outcome included having normal erections before treatment for prostate carcinoma, choosing a treatment based on the hope that it would preserve sexual function, having more sexual partners in the past year, and having a sexually functional partner. CONCLUSIONS The great majority of men who survive prostate carcinoma do not achieve a return to functional sexual activity in the years after treatment. The priorities a man places on sexuality and on having a sexually functional partner are important factors in sexual satisfaction at follow-up, over and above the influence of age and medical factors. Cancer 2002;95:1773–85. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10848
Identification of the Major 4-Methylumbelliferyl p -Guanidinobenzoate-Hydrolyzing Plasma Protein in Cystic Fibrosis: Implication for Intrauterine and Heterozygote Detection

Measurement of 4-methylumbelliferyl p-guanidinobenzoate (MUGB)-hydrolyzing activity in the plasma of normal controls, cystic fibrosis (CF) heterozygotes, and CF homozygotes did not support previously reported (35) differences in MUGB-hydrolyzing activity. We identified human plasma albumin as the major source of MUGB-hydrolyzing activity by comparison of our plasma results to those obtained with physiologic concentrations of commercial albumin samples. Substantiating evidence was obtained from gel filtration experiments and correlation of albumin levels in CF plasma with MUGB titers. We found essentially no proteolytic activity towards dinitrophenylprotamine sulfate associated with commercial albumin samples. It appears that the reaction between human albumin and MUGB represents a weak esterase activity, perhaps involving the acylation of a specific site(s) on the protein. Hypoalbuminemia has been documented (8) in some CF patients. Low albumin concentrations, indicated by MUGB titers less than 190 nmole methylumbelliferone/ml plasma, were found in 42% of CF homozygotes, 6% of heterozygotes, and 4% of controls. Gel filtration studies of a normal amniotic fluid supernatant indicated that albumin was the major MUGB-hydrolyzing substance in this fluid. We conclude that MUGB abnormalities are not associated with the basic gene defect in CF and cannot be used as the basis of a test for intrauterine or heterozygote detection.