cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Table of Contents & Editorials

Welcome to the twentieth anniversary issue of the Journal. This issue celebrates the history and future of Yoga therapy and our association, alongside the kind of practical, educational, and thought-provoking articles that have been this publication's mission since 1990.As I found myself wondering what I could put on this page, I recalled a speaker who opened her talk by asking the elders in the room for permission to speak. "You each have earned the right to speak first," she told them.In this spirit, I would like to use this editor's column to revisit some of the wise words shared by previous Journal editors and authors. I searched the archives for glimpses of our past that address, in some way, the question we find ourselves still asking after twenty years: "What is Yoga therapy?"
Complex elbow dislocations

Abstract Complex elbow dislocations include all elbow dislocations with an associated fracture. Complex elbow dislocations are debilitating for patients and can be challenging for the treating orthopedic surgeon. Evaluation of the patient with a complex elbow dislocation begins with a thorough neurovascular examination followed by appropriate imaging, including a computed tomography scan with reconstructions. Surgical intervention is typically required and may include open reduction and internal fixation, ligament repair, or even a hinged external fixator for more complex cases. Recurrent instability, stiffness, pain, heterotopic ossification, neurologic damage, and post-traumatic arthritis are among the most common complications. Improper management of these injuries and their complications may result in long-term dysfunction and significant pain. This chapter aims to educate the practitioner about these injuries and assist in complication prevention.
On the Theory of Expert and Super-Expert Performance on Computer Program Modification Tasks: An Experimental Study

The present research attempts to identify factors which account for cognitive skill acquisition at the higher end of the cognitive performance curve and understand differences between expert and super-expert skill levels on a cognitive oriented task of computer program modification. Subjects completed two computer program modifications and a battery of five cognitive ability tests. Results indicate that super-experts used a global search strategy to obtain abstract information while experts utilized a minimal “directed” search to obtain task specific information. Results are discussed in relation to knowledge representation and current taxonomies of skill acquisition.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of asymmetric flow in nematic liquid crystals with finite anchoring

Liquid crystals (LCs) display many of the flow characteristics of liquids but exhibit long range orientational order. In the nematic phase, the coupling of structure and flow leads to complex hydrodynamic effects that remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we consider the hydrodynamics of a nematic LC in a hybrid cell, where opposite walls have conflicting anchoring boundary conditions, and we employ a 3D lattice Boltzmann method to simulate the time-dependent flow patterns that can arise. Due to the symmetry breaking of the director field within the hybrid cell, we observe that at low to moderate shear rates, the volumetric flow rate under Couette and Poiseuille flows is different for opposite flow directions. At high shear rates, the director field may undergo a topological transition which leads to symmetric flows. By applying an oscillatory pressure gradient to the channel, a net volumetric flow rate is found to depend on the magnitude and frequency of the oscillation, as well as the anchoring strength. Taken together, our findings suggest several intriguing new applications for LCs in microfluidic devices.
The role of a clinically based computer department of instruction in a school of medicine

The evolution of activities and educational directions of a department of instruction in medical computer technology in a school of medicine are reviewed. During the 18 years covered, the society at large has undergone marked change in availability and use of computation in every aspect of medical care. It is argued that a department of instruction should be clinical and develop revenue sources based on patient care, perform technical services for the institution with a decentralized structure, and perform both health services and scientific research. Distinction should be drawn between utilization of computing in medical specialties, library function, and instruction in computer science. The last is the proper arena for the academic content of instruction and is best labelled as the philosophical basis of medical knowledge, in particular, its epistemology. Contemporary pressures for teaching introductory computer skills are probably temporary.
Engine Air-Brakes for Quiet Air Transport

A key operational aspect of future aircraft may be a slow and steep, “clean-airframe” approach trajectory, both to reduce source noise and to increase propagation attenuation on approach. In previous work, we have demonstrated that a ram air driven device that provides swirling outflow from a duct, a so-called swirl tube, offers the potential for quiet drag to enable such trajectories. The idea is that a steady streamwise vortex at the duct outlet is relatively quiet and is supported by a radial pressure gradient that results in pressure drag. The noise-drag relationship of the swirl tube may be contrasted with conventional high-drag devices such as flaps, slats, and landing gear, that are suggested to have a strong correlation between drag and noise. The present paper provides a quantification of the benefits and a description of the challenges associated with implementation and integration of such devices into an airframe/propulsion system. A comparison between the ram air driven swirl tube and an upstream fan stage driven swirl tube, a so-called engine air-brake, suggests that the increased mass flow ingested by a pumping fan stage upstream of a set of ducted swirl vanes increases effective drag capability. A full-scale ram air driven swirl tube is found to have a noise signature well below other sources on a typical airframe/propulsion system. Fan stage pumping is expected to increase the engine air-brake noise to a level that must be quantified in future experiments and compared to the existing sources on the aircraft to assess system level feasibility. Simple scaling law estimates suggest that such devices may still maintain noise signatures below other airframe/propulsion system sources when integrated into ultra-high bypass ratio turbofans with low approach idle pressure ratios. We envision deployable swirl vanes located in the bypass or mixer section of such engines that create effective drag coefficients of about 3 based on throughflow area- enough to steepen a conventional three degree approach glideslope to about six degrees, with a 6 dB potential overall noise reduction. This device concept may be compatible with a thrust reverser system, whereby the deployed vanes can completely close on landing to serve as blocker doors.
Magnetic structure of quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic TaFe 1+y Te 3

We report the magnetic structure of TaFe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{3}$ single crystals by means of neutron diffraction measurements. TaFe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{3}$ possesses a layered structure with a formation of two-leg zigzag ladders along the $b$ axis. We find that TaFe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{3}$ undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at 178 K with Fe1 spins of the intraladders ferromagnetically aligned and with Fe1 spins of the interladders antiferromagnetically coupled. Furthermore, spins of the neighboring interstitial Fe2 ($y$) ions align parallel to the Fe1 spins of each ladder. These findings are distinct from the magnetic structure of the recently discovered spin-ladder compound BaFe${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$. TaFe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{3}$ may serve as a model system for investigating the interesting physics of quasi-one-dimensional ferromagnetic systems.
Are There “Natural” Market Structures?:

This article shows that distributions of market shares in narrowly-defined product markets follow the same general pattern found in earlier studies of broad “industries” and in the economy as a who...
Surveillance on STD infection of some sex workers and their clients in Haiyan county during 2004-2008

Objective: By making an analysis of STD infected whoremasters and prostitutes to provide a basis for prevention and control of STD transmission. Methods: Lab examinations were made on 405 prostitutes and 477 whoremasters,including HIV antibody,syphilis antibody,Chlamydia Trachomatis antigen,N.gonorrhoeae smear tests. Results: 882 whoremasters and prostitutes received 4 items of lab examinations in 5 years,among which 113 persons were infected,accounting for infection rate of 12.8%,with gonorrhea holding the highest infection rate of 5.6%,and 5.1%,1.8% and 0.3% for Chlamydia,syphilis and HIV respectively. Conclusion: The infection rate of STDs among whoremasters and prostitutes is high,thus it is very important to carry out health education and implement preventive and control measures to these people for the prevention and control of STD transmission.
Entity Disambiguation for Wild Big Data Using Multi-Level Clustering

When RDF instances represent the same entity they are said to corefer. For example, two nodes from different RDF graphs 1 both refer to same individual, musical artist James Brown. Disambiguating entities is essential for knowledge base population and other tasks that result in integration or linking of data. Often however, entity instance data originates from different sources and can be represented using differ- ent schemas or ontologies. In the age of Big Data, data can have other characteristics such originating from sources which are schema-less or without ontological structure. Our work involves researching new ways to process this type of data in order to perform entity disambiguation. Our approach uses multi-level clustering and includes fine-grained entity type recognition, contextualization of entities, online processing of which can be supported by a parallel architecture.
Cellular electrophysiology of neonatal and adult rabbit atrioventricular node

Adult and neonatal rabbit atrioventricular node (AVN) preparations were studied using transmembrane and surface electrogram recordings. Action potentials were categorized into four types, atrionodal (AN), nodal (N), "high" nodo-His (NH) (HNH), and "low" NH (LNH), according to their action potential characteristics and their location within the A-H interval. The electrophysiological parameters of the lower three regions were identical between the two age groups. Action potentials from the neonatal AN region were lower in amplitude and maximum diastolic potential than they were in the adult. The N cell action potential parameters did not differ between the two age groups, however, there did appear to be qualitative differences. AVN conduction times (A-H intervals) were the same in both age groups, as were the antegrade and retrograde refractory periods, and the Wenckebach intervals. Pacemaker activity was significantly greater in the neonates than in the adults and, in 11 of 13 neonatal preparations, originated in the AN region or higher. In 13 of 14 adult preparations, pacemaker activity resided within the AVN.
Comparative Immunohistochemistry of Placental Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and the Transcription Factor RelB-NFκB2 Between Humans and Nonhuman Primates.

The transcription factor RelB–NFκB2, activated by the noncanonical NFκB pathway, positively regulates corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and prostaglandin production in the term human placenta and may play an important role in the timing of human parturition. Here we explored whether RelB–NFκB2 signaling plays a role in parturition in nonhuman anthropoid primates. We performed immunohistochemical staining to assess the correlation between CRH and nuclear activity of RelB–NFκB2 heterodimers in term placentas from humans, 3 catarrhine primate species, and a single platyrrhine primate species. Consistent with our previous studies, the human placenta showed cytoplasmic staining for CRH and nuclear staining for RelB–NFκB2. Similar staining patterns were noted in the 3 catarrhine primates (chimpanzee, baboon, and rhesus macaque). The platyrrhine (marmoset) placentas stained positively for CRH and RelB but not for NFκB2. Catarrhine (but not platyrrhine) nonhuman primate term placentas demonstrate the same CRH staining and nuclear localization patterns of RelB and NFκB2 as does human placenta. These results suggest that catarrhine primates, particularly rhesus macaques, may serve as useful animal models to study the biologic significance of the noncanonical NFκB pathway in human pregnancy.
Desde las faldas de la madre/From Underneath Mother’s Skirt: Nellie Campobello (Re)Claims (Single) Motherhood and Mothers as Historians

Motherhood has been a revered space for women for centuries. It has also been a prison, a place that keeps women in the home, tied to children and—if it is to be considered proper—to a husband. Children must be born to a mother and a father, inside the institution of marriage, to be labeled “legitimate” and to be given the privileges that come with a proper birth. Motherhood can be a privileged (if limited) domestic site or a source of scorn if it happens off the marriage bed. In Las manos de marna (Mother’s Hands, 1937) Nellie Campobello revises the myths surrounding motherhood—the Virgin, la Malinche and la Llorona—to reclaim out-of-wedlock mothering as proper, and to construct the mother as a historian.
Staphylococcus aureus vaccines: Deviating from the carol

Staphylococcus aureus, a commensal of the human nasopharynx and skin, also causes invasive disease, most frequently skin and soft tissue infections. Invasive disease caused by drug-resistant strains, designated MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus), is associated with failure of antibiotic therapy and elevated mortality. Here we review polysaccharide-conjugate and subunit vaccines that were designed to prevent S. aureus infection in patients at risk of bacteremia or surgical wound infection but failed to reach their clinical endpoints. We also discuss vaccines with ongoing trials for combinations of polysaccharide-conjugates and subunits. S. aureus colonization and invasive disease are not associated with the development of protective immune responses, which is attributable to a large spectrum of immune evasion factors. Two evasive strategies, assembly of protective fibrin shields via coagulases and protein A-mediated B cell superantigen activity, are discussed as possible vaccine targets. Although correlates for protective immunity are not yet known, opsonophagocytic killing of staphylococci by phagocytic cells offers opportunities to establish such criteria.
Pesticide Chemical Research in Toxicology: Lessons from Nature

Pesticide researchers are students of nature, and each new compound and mechanism turns a page in the ever-expanding encyclopedia of life. Pesticides are both probes to learn about life processes and tools for pest management to facilitate food production and enhance health. In contrast to some household and industrial chemicals, pesticides are assumed to be hazardous to health and the environment until proven otherwise. About a thousand current pesticides working by more than 100 different mechanisms have helped understand many processes and coupled events. Pesticide chemical research is a major source of toxicology information on new natural products, novel targets or modes of action, resistance mechanisms, xenobiotic metabolism, selective toxicity, safety evaluations, and recommendations for safe and effective pest management. Target binding site models help define the effect of substituent changes and predict modifications for enhanced potency and safety and circumvention of resistance. The contributi...
Work-Family Balance and Alternative Work Schedules: Exploring the Impact of 4-Day Workweeks on State Employees

In 2008, the State of Utah implemented a 4-day workweek for their employees. This article examines the impact on employees using a postimplementation survey. For employees on the 4-day schedule, th...
Abstract P132: QUICC: Quality Initiative to Improve Cholesterol Care

Background: An initial quality audit identified areas of improvement in cholesterol management for diabetic patients. The goal of this project was to assess the success of targeted quality improvement (QI) initiatives regarding evidence based cholesterol management in this population. Methods: Following an initial QI audit the following actions were initiated (~01/2008): clinician education, clinical notes added to disease management database, and electronic medical records critical alerts placed on diabetic patient records regarding cholesterol treatment (prescribing and goal attainment). Eighteen months following the implementation of these initiatives, a retrospective chart review was conducted with identical methodology as the initial QI audit. Inclusion criteria were: diabetic patients aged 18 - 89 years seen in a comprehensive lipid clinic within the past year. Objectives included the change in percent of patients receiving cholesterol medication according to ADA guidelines and change in percent of patients at LDL goal, per NCEP guidelines. T-test was used to analyze data. Results: Fifty-six patients included in this analysis were compared to 134 patients from the baseline analysis. Average age of this population was 66 ± 11 years, 54% (30/56) were male, and 77% (43/56) had coronary disease. There were no differences in demographics between groups. Results of the current data demonstrate cholesterol prescribing according to guidelines was seen in 98% (55/56) of patients overall; 98% (47/48) of patients receiving statins for secondary prevention, and 100% (8/8) of patients receiving statins for primary prevention. These results are significantly higher compared to baseline data where 81% (109/134), 84% (86/102), and 72% (23/32) of patients, respectively, received medication according to guidelines, p Conclusions: These data demonstrate that QI initiatives, including education, electronic database management, and clinical alerts positively impacts evidence-based prescribing and cholesterol goal attainment in diabetic patients.
Should all acromioclavicular joint injections be performed under image guidance

Introduction:Steroid and local anaesthetic injection to the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is a very common diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, which is often performed in the outpatient departmen...
Sexual assault and sexual harassment at the US military service academies

As hybrids of civilian colleges and the military, the United States military service academies provide a unique lens through which to examine sexual harassment and assault. They are also lightning ...
Fundamental Concepts of Cyber Resilience: Introduction and Overview

Society is increasingly reliant upon complex and interconnected cyber systems to conduct daily life activities. From personal finance to managing defense capabilities to controlling a vast web of aircraft traffic, digitized information systems and software packages have become integrated at virtually all levels of individual and collective activity. While such integration has been met with immense increases in efficiency of service delivery, it has also been subject to a diverse body of threats from nefarious hackers, groups, and even state government bodies. Such cyber threats have shifted over time to affect various cyber functionalities, such as with direct denial of service (DDoS), data theft, changes to data code, infection via computer virus, and many others.
A possible solution of trisection problem

A solution of the ancient Greek problem of trisection of an arbitrary angle employing only compass and straightedge and its algebraic proof are presented. It is shown that while Wantzel's [1] theory of 1837 concerning irreducibility of the cubic x3 - 3x - 1 = 0 is correct it does not imply impossibility of trisection of arbitrary angle since rather than a cubic equation the trisection problem is shown to depend on the quadratic equation y2 - 3 + c = 0 where c is a constant. The earlier formulation of the problem by Descartes the father of algebraic geometry is also discussed. If one assumes that the ruler and the compass employed in the geometric constructions are in fact Platonic ideal instruments then the trisection solution proposed herein should be exact.
Angiocardiographic-Pathologic Correlations

This chapter concerns itself with the matter of correlating angiocardiographic and pathologic findings. The subject is logically subdivided into two parts: the coronary arteries and the left ventricle.
Selective suppression of excipient signals in 2D 1H–13C methyl spectra of biopharmaceutical products

While the use of 1H–13C methyl correlated NMR spectroscopy at natural isotopic abundance has been demonstrated as feasible on protein therapeutics as large as monoclonal antibodies, spectral interference from aliphatic excipients remains a significant obstacle to its widespread application. These signals can cause large baseline artifacts, obscure protein resonances, and cause dynamic range suppression of weak peaks in non-uniform sampling applications, thus hampering both traditional peak-based spectral analyses as well as emerging chemometric methods of analysis. Here we detail modifications to the 2D 1H–13C gradient-selected HSQC experiment that make use of selective pulsing techniques for targeted removal of interfering excipient signals in spectra of the NISTmAb prepared in several different formulations. This approach is demonstrated to selectively reduce interfering excipient signals while still yielding 2D spectra with only modest losses in protein signal. Furthermore, it is shown that spectral modeling based on the SMILE algorithm can be used to simulate and subtract any residual excipient signals and their attendant artifacts from the resulting 2D NMR spectra.
Affective and metabolic responses to self-selected intensity cycle exercise in young men.

Self-selected intensity exercise has resulted in greater affective responses (AR) compared to prescribed exercise of similar intensity and many individuals self-select intensity at a moderate level identified by metabolic analysis. As such, self-selected intensity may be an effective alternative for exercise prescription designed to promote adherence and result in health and fitness benefits. Self-selected intensity has not been well described for many subject populations and exercise modes. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to measure affective and metabolic responses during self-selected intensity cycle exercise in college-aged men. Thirty-three men (22.4 ± 2.2 yr) performed a peak oxygen consumption test and a 20 min self-selected trial on a cycle ergometer on separate days. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured continuously throughout both exercise sessions. AR were measured using the Feeling Scale and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using the OMNI Scale every 5 min during the self-selected trial. χ2 analysis was used to determine if a significant proportion of subjects self-selected intensity above 50% VO2 reserve (VO2R), defined as a threshold for moderate-intensity exercise and potential cardiorespiratory fitness benefits by American College of Sports Medicine. Mean self-selected intensity was 57.6 ± 11.1%VO2peak and 89.3 ± 20.2% of ventilatory threshold. Twenty eight of 33 subjects self-selected intensity above 50% VO2R (p < .05). Self-selected intensity was associated with positive AR (1.8 ± 1.4) and mean RPE of 4.0 ± 1.5. In college-aged men, self-selected intensity cycle exercise was performed at a moderate intensity level and elicited positive AR for most subjects. Therefore, self-selected intensity could be an effective component of an exercise prescription for this population.
Investigating the Durability of Iodine Waste Forms in Dilute Conditions

To prevent the release of radioiodine during the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel or in the management of other wastes, many technologies have been developed for iodine capture. The capture is only part of the challenge as a durable waste form is required to ensure safe disposal of the radioiodine. This work presents the first durability studies in dilute conditions of two AgI-containing waste forms: hot-isostatically pressed silver mordenite (AgZ) and spark plasma sintered silver-functionalized silica aerogel (SFA) iodine waste forms (IWF). Using the single-pass flow-through (SPFT) test method, the dissolution rates respective to Si, Al, Ag and I were measured for variants of the IWFs. By combining solution and solid analysis information on the corrosion mechanism neutral-to-alkaline conditions was elucidated. The AgZ samples were observed to have corrosion preferentially occur at secondary phases with higher Al and alkali content. These phases contained a lower proportion of I compared with the matrix. The SFA samples experienced a higher extent of corrosion at Si-rich particles, but an increased addition of Si to the waste led to an improvement in corrosion resistance. The dissolution rates for the IWF types are of similar magnitude to other Si-based waste form materials measured using SPFT.
Dynamics of technological change: nuclear energy and electric vehicles in France

Technological change is shaped by a confluence of processes that are governed by socio-political, economic, and regulatory factors within a region. In this paper, the authors present a theoretical framework to describe the dynamics of technology change. Based on a qualitative modelling approach, the authors employ concepts from literature on innovation, technology adoption, and technological change, and map reinforcing and retarding cycles of processes of innovation. The way these processes (or functions) are interconnected and combined hinders or enables the overall success of technology diffusion and shapes the long-term outcome for the new technology. The authors develop the framework with examples of energy systems in UK and UAE, and apply the model to examine two cases of nuclear power and electric vehicles in France. They highlight the role as well as limits of policy in initiating and sustaining reinforcing cycles for new technology diffusion and can provide a basis for forming expectations about emerging technologies.
The Effect of Changing Launch Package Mass on the Electromechanical Conversion Efficiency of Railguns

The changing mass of the launch package affects efficiency. It is not necessarily clear which mass should be used for the calculation of kinetic energy, since the mass changes. The analysis clarifies these and other uncertainties, and equations for efficiency with mass transfer effects were derived. The effects of friction and pre-acceleration were also analyzed, and mass transfer was found to have a similar effect on efficiency as friction. These equations were then compared to a mathematical simulation of an arbitrary fictitious railgun. These results agreed with the equations to at least 11 significant figures.
A genome-wide association study for gestation length in swine.

Selection for increased litter size in swine has potentially resulted in a correlated increase in preweaning mortality. Additional selection criteria should be considered when selecting for increased litter size to account for associated decreases in piglet quality, specifically piglet survival, initial weight and growth. Traits such as gestation length (GL), which have been associated with piglet performance, could be utilized to improve piglet development and survivability. The objective of this study was to conduct a genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions associated with GL in differing parities in swine (n = 831) from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln reproductive longevity project. Gestation length was calculated as the number of days between last insemination administered and farrowing. Sows were genotyped with the Illumina SNP60 BeadArray, and the data were analyzed using Bayesian mixture models for GL at parity 1, 2, 3 and 4 (GL1, GL2, GL3 and GL4 respectively). Means (SD) for GL1-GL4 were 113 (1.4), 114 (1.2), 114 (1.3) and 115 (1.2) respectively. Posterior mean heritability estimates (PSD) for GL1, GL2, GL3 and GL4 were 0.33 (0.06), 0.34 (0.07), 0.32 (0.08) and 0.20 (0.08) respectively. Rank correlations between genomic estimated breeding values between GL1 and GL2, GL3 and GL4 respectively were moderate: 0.67, 0.65 and 0.60. The top SNP (ASGA0017859, SSC4, 7.8 Mb), located in the top common genomic region associated with GL1, GL2 and GL3, was associated with a difference of 1.1 days in GL1 between homozygote genotypes (P < 0.0001). The results of this study suggest that GL is a largely polygenic trait with relatively minor contributions from multiple genomic regions.
Iterative Curve Fitting of the Bioheat Transfer Equation for Thermocouple-Based Temperature Estimation $In~ Vitro$ and $In~ Vivo$

Temperature measurements with thin thermocouples embedded in ultrasound fields are strongly subjected to a viscous heating artifact (VHA). The artifact contribution decays over time; therefore, it can be minimized at late temperature readings. However, previous studies have failed to demonstrate a rigorous method for determining the optimal time point at which the artifact contribution is negligible. In this study, we present an iterative processing method based on successive curve fittings using an artifact-independent model. The fitting starting point moves at each iteration until the maximum $R^{2}$ indicates where the viscous heating is minimum. A solution of the bioheat transfer equation is used to account for blood perfusion, thus enabling in vivo measurements. Three T-type thermocouples with different diameters and sensitivities were assessed in an excised canine liver and in the mouse brain in vivo . We found that the artifact constitutes up to 81% ± 5% of wire thermocouple readings. The best-fit time varied in the liver samples ( $n = 3$ ) from 0 to 3.335 ± 0.979 s and in the mouse brain ( $n = 5$ ) from 0 to 0.498 ± 0.457 s at variable experimental conditions, which clearly demonstrates the need of the method for finding the appropriate starting time point of the fit. This study introduces a statistical method to determine the best time to fit a curve that can back-estimate temperature in tissues under ultrasound exposure using thermocouples. This method allows temperature evaluation in vivo and in vitro during a validation and safety assessment of a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic ultrasound modalities.
Insulin Resistance in Puberty

Puberty is a critical period of physiologic and neurobehavioral development, hallmarked by the transition to full reproductive potential. During this period, there is also a physiologic decrease in insulin sensitivity that recovers by early adulthood. This chapter will explore what is known about this pubertal change in insulin sensitivity and its potential impact on future health and disease.
Alexandrite laser induced uveitis & pigment dispersion: A case report and review of the literature.

Abstract Purpose To describe a complication of an upper eyelid alexandrite laser procedure. Observations A 55-year-old woman presented with left eye blurred vision and photophobia after a left upper eyelid procedure with an alexandrite laser. She had elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber cell and pigment, posterior synechiae, and retroillumination defects in the left eye. She was treated with topical prednisolone and brimonidine. Six months later, although her anterior chamber had cleared and IOP had normalized, the patient reported decreased vision-related quality of life from persistent photophobia. Conclusions and Importance Alexandrite lasers are commonly used for hair removal and skin depigmentation. When used periocularly without proper eye protection, they have the potential to create irreversible ocular complications. This case demonstrates the importance of proper eye protection with periocular laser procedures.
Disposable paper strips for carboxylate discrimination

We describe a method for the differentiation of carboxylate anions on disposable paper supports (common printer paper, filter paper, chromatography paper), based on differential patterns of interactions between carboxylates and a fluorescent sensing system. The sensor was built from commercially available components, namely a polycationic fifth generation amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM G5) and a small organic fluorophore (calcein) through non-covalent interactions. The assay's physical dimensions were chosen to conform to the microwell plate standard so detection could be carried out on widely available plate reader instrumentation. The sensing complex was first deposited in spots on a paper support to prepare the sensor strip; a carboxylate solution was then loaded on each spot. Nuanced changes in fluorescence were associated with carboxylate binding to the PAMAM dendrimer, characteristic of the structure and affinity of each carboxylate. Such signal changes, interpreted through Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), contained enough information to recognize and successfully discriminate most anions in the panel. Among the substrates we tested, chromatography paper was the most promising. The relationship between the structure of the carboxylates and the patterns giving rise to their differentiation was also discussed. Finally, the long-term stability ("shelf life") of the pre-assembled [calcein·dendrimer] sensing system was found to be excellent when deposited on paper support.
Genetics of Complex Diseases

In recent years, the emphasis in the field of human disease gene mapping has shifted towards the isolation of genes involved in complex diseases. Complex diseases are characterized as those traits that run in families and are commonly found in the population, but do not exhibit a simple mode of inheritance. They are often referred to as multifactorial because evidence suggests that complex diseases are caused by more than one gene, likely in combination with environmental factors. Screening efforts to identify genes for complex diseases appear complicated when considering that the risk for developing these disorders may depend on a particular combination of susceptibility alleles in many unlinked genes, with the effect of a single locus being small. Recent reports have described efforts to identify genes for multiple sclerosis (1, 2, 3, 4), rheumatoid arthritis (5) and obesity (6, 7, 8, 9). Other than the insulin gene for type 1 diabetes (10, 11, 12, 13) and apolipoprotein E for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (14, 15, 16), few genes have been confirmed to have a functional role in the etiology of complex human disease. However, newer developments in molecular methodologies make the prospects of finding complex disease genes more likely.
Talin-dependent integrin activation is required for endothelial proliferation and postnatal angiogenesis

Integrin activation contributes to key blood cell functions including adhesion, proliferation and migration. An essential step in the cell signaling pathway that activates integrin requires the binding of talin to the β-integrin cytoplasmic tail. Whereas this pathway is understood in platelets in detail, considerably less is known regarding how integrin-mediated adhesion in endothelium contributes to postnatal angiogenesis. We utilized an inducible EC-specific talin1 knock-out mouse (Tln1 EC-KO) and talin1 L325R knock-in mutant (Tln1 L325R) mouse, in which talin selectively lacks the capacity to activate integrins, to assess the role of integrin activation during angiogenesis. Deletion of talin1 during postnatal days 1-3 (P1-P3) caused lethality by P8 with extensive defects in retinal angiogenesis and widespread hemorrhaging. Tln1 EC-KO mice displayed reduced retinal vascular area, impaired EC sprouting and proliferation relative to Tln1 CTRLs. In contrast, induction of talin1 L325R in neonatal mice resulted in modest defects in retinal angiogenesis and mice survived to adulthood. Interestingly, deletion of talin1 or expression of talin1 L325R in ECs increased MAPK/ERK signaling. Strikingly, B16-F0 tumors grown in Tln1 L325R adult mice were 55% smaller and significantly less vascularized than tumors grown in littermate controls. EC talin1 is indispensable for postnatal development angiogenesis. The role of EC integrin activation appears context-dependent as its inhibition is compatible with postnatal development with mild defects in retinal angiogenesis but results in marked defects in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Inhibiting EC pan-integrin activation may be an effective approach to selectively target tumor blood vessel growth.
Transdisciplinary Convergence: Intelligent Infrastructure for Sustainable Development

The fast-developing intelligent infrastructure landscape catalyzes transformative new relationships of human, technology, and environment and requires new socio-technical configurations of informat...
Revisiting Lexington Green: Implications for Teaching Historical Thinking

After three decades of scholarship describing why and how students ought to be taught to think historically, this study asks what happens when they are. Ten high school students from a school that ...
Takings, PASH, and the Changing Coastal Environment

The topic of this portion of the Symposium is “Takings and the Changing Coastal Environment,” and in this essay I focus on the “takings” part of that title, as well as offer some thoughts on our guiding subject, the Hawai‘i Supreme Court’s decision from a quarter-century ago in PASH1which famously noted “that the western concept of exclusivity is not universally applicable in Hawaii.”2 How might that ruling be viewed today through the lens of property law and property rights? And what implications does PASH have, if any, for property rights in the coastal zone? This essay is in three parts.First, in Section II, I summarize the PASH opinion, and conclude that the court reached out to resolve an issue it need not have decided, and that the jurisdictional questions presented in the case should have avoided the takings questions. Next, in Section III, I offer up my two main criticisms of PASH, the first on takings the second on separation of powers. Finally, I conclude with some thoughts about how courts should consider property rights in a changing coastal environment, in light of these criticisms of PASH.
Perioperative Pain Management for Surgical Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: A Program Development Initiative

Abstract Purpose Over the last decade an increased number of individuals have been diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and state-level regulatory pressure has mounted to develop the capability to provide opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) on clinical indication or at patient request. Design A program initiative for OUD patients who require OFA was developed and implemented in two phases. Method Phase I assessed the needs and knowledge of licensed nurse anesthetists in the state of Florida. Phase II recruited volunteers for a day-long event which involved both didactic and simulation training. Data collection for phase II included: demographics, knowledge, evidence-based practice belief scale (EBPBS), and evidence-based practice implementation scale (EBPIS) which measures the perceived ability to implement those beliefs. Phase II training was divided into three domains: Preoperative, Intraoperative and Postoperative with didactic and simulation experiences for each domain. Findings The phase II participants pre-simulation median total knowledge assessment score was 9 with median scores of 5 for questions 1 to 6 and 4 for questions 7 to 12. After participating in simulation, median knowledge assessment scores increased to 11, with median scores of 6 for questions 1 to 6 and 5 for questions 7 to 12. Before simulation training, median scores for the EBPBS and EBPIS were 66 (IQR 8) and 22 (IQR 24) respectively. After simulation, the median EBPBS score increased to 76 (IQR 7.5), a significant improvement from pre-simulation (P = .002). Conclusion There is a lack of knowledge and training of anesthesia providers on how to manage the growing population of patients with OUD. This program initiative increased perceived ability to provide OFA care to patients with OUD presenting for surgery.
SU-C-207-07: Quantification of Coronary Artery Cross-Sectional Area in CT Angiography Using Integrated Density: A Phantom Study

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of quantifying the cross-sectional area (CSA) of coronary arteries using integrated density in a physics-based model with a phantom study. Methods: In this technique the total integrated density of the object as compared with its local background is measured so it is possible to account for the partial volume effect. The proposed method was compared to manual segmentation using CT scans of a 10 cm diameter Lucite cylinder placed inside a chest phantom. Holes with cross-sectional areas from 1.4 to 12.3 mm{sup 2} were drilled into the Lucite and filled with iodine solution, producing a contrast-to-noise ratio of approximately 26. Lucite rods 1.6 mm in diameter were used to simulate plaques. The phantom was imaged with and without the Lucite rods placed in the holes to simulate diseased and normal arteries, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used, and the root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) and errors (RMSE) were computed to assess the precision and accuracy of the measurements. In the case of manual segmentation, two readers independently delineated the lumen in order to quantify the inter-reader variability. Results: The precision and accuracy for the normal vessels using the integrated density technique were 0.32 mm{sup 2} and 0.32more » mm{sup 2}, respectively. The corresponding results for the manual segmentation were 0.51 mm{sup 2} and 0.56 mm{sup 2}. In the case of diseased vessels, the precision and accuracy of the integrated density technique were 0.46 mm{sup 2} and 0.55 mm{sup 2}, respectively. The corresponding results for the manual segmentation were 0.75 mm{sup 2} and 0.98 mm{sup 2}. The mean percent difference for the two readers was found to be 8.4%. Conclusion: The CSA based on integrated density had improved precision and accuracy as compared with manual segmentation in a Lucite phantom. The results indicate the potential for using integrated density to improve CSA measurements in CT angiography.« less
Raghib Syndrome Presenting as a Cryptogenic Stroke: Role of Cardiac MRI in Accurate Diagnosis

Raghib Syndrome is a rare developmental complex, which consists of persistence of the left superior vena cava (PLSVC) along with coronary sinus ostial atresia and atrial septal defect. This Raghib complex anomaly has also been associated with other congenital malformations including ventricular septal defects, enlargement of the tricuspid annulus, and pulmonary stenosis. Our case demonstrates an isolated PLSVC draining into the left atrium along with coronary sinus atresia in a young patient presenting with cryptogenic stroke without the atrial septal defect. Majority of the cases reported in the literature were found to have the lesion during the postmortem evaluation or were characterized at angiography and/or echocardiography. We stress the importance of modern day imaging like the computed tomography (CT) angiography and cardiac MRI in diagnosis and surgical management of such rare lesions leading to cryptogenic strokes.
ELECTRICAL DISPERSION OF LIQUIDS FROM CAPILLARY TIPS - A REVIEW

Numerous Studies have been conducted on the atomization or. dispersion oh liquids from capillary tips wth the aid of applied electric fields. The process makes possible the production of charged droplets having charge-to-mass ratios that vary over, a very wide range. The procoss lends itself to a broad spectrum of applications, and as a result, investigations of this process have been carried out by researchers from many different areas. Applications oh electrical dispersion Include preparations of thin thin film of radioactive salts for nuclear cross sectional studies, printing, painting, and deep space thrustors.
Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling are Influenced by Consumption of Polyphenol-rich Whole-Fruit Extracts and Purified Phytochemicals in High-fat Fed Mice (LB419)

A number of reports show that many different phytochemicals favorably influence metabolism and reduce inflammatory markers. Our trial tested the relative potency of purified compounds or whole foods in parallel, using the high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse model. The model tested and ranked effects of fruit extracts derived from apple peel, whole sweet cherries and grapes, along with purified compounds including quercetin, resveratrol, and ellagic acid in an attempt to design more-potent combinations. Polyphenol-rich fruit extracts and purified compounds were mixed into a high-fat (60% of total kcal) obesigenic rodent diet and fed to mice along with low-fat and high-fat control diets for 10 weeks. Serum circulating factors were measured using a magnetic bead multiplex assay (Milliplex, Millipore Corp.). Mice fed the high-fat control diet became obese and lost normal glucose control. Serum insulin levels were >1500 pg/mL in the high-fat controls versus 90% of the high-fat level (P< 0.01). Quercetin and extracts f...
Echinoid larval ecology

This chapter describes the diversity of larval stages and the patterns of development in echinoids. Most echinoids, including all but one of the edible species, are free-spawners that produce vast numbers of small, yolk-poor eggs that develop into planktonic, feeding larvae known as echinoplutei. This chapter also gives a walkthrough over the ecological challenges that echinoplutei face, and the physiological, morphological, developmental, and behavioral solutions that are utilized to respond to the problems. Tables showing the life cycle patterns and developmental character states in echinoids and the Egg characteristics of echinoids are also documented in this chapter. Other factors such as fertilization ecology, feeding mechanisms, phenotypic plasticity, and evolution of nonfeeding larvae are also well studied in this chapter. Many aspects of the basic biology and ecology of larvae, such as nutritional requirements, environmental tolerances, disease resistance, settlement preferences, dispersal ecology, and population dynamics, which are particularly important for aquaculture and commercial harvesting, remain very poorly known.
Aspects of Generality and Efficiency in Programming Language Implementation

Composing and documenting voluminous programs is a difficult and time consuming task despite the multitude of existing programming languages. It is still the exception that a programmer finds a language that has all the properties he likes to have to his disposal for a given project. Further, many programmers show a very understandable reluctance toward learning a new notation since mastering all its inevitable pitfalls and idiosyncrasies frequently takes more time than programmers deem justifiable.