cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An exploration of the relationship between symbolic representation in dramatic play and art and the cognitive and reading readiness levels of kindergarten children.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between symbolic representation in dramatic play and art and the cognitive and reading readiness levels of kindergarten children. Specifically, the study attempted to determine if there is a significant difference in the performance of kindergarten children on the conservation of number tasks (reflective of the level of operational thought and cognitive development), the Metropolitan Reading Readiness Test, and their involvement and/or level of symbolic re resentation in dramatic play and/or art. Results indicated that children at diffrent cognitive levels (a) performed significantly differently on the Metropolitan Reading Readiness Test, (b) spent significantly different amounts of time involved in dramatic play, and (c) expressed significantly different levels of symbolic representations in dramatic play. No differences were found to exist, however, in their symbolic representation in art.
A Low-Voltage Low-Power LC Oscillator Using the Diode-Connected SymFET

In this paper, a low-voltage low-power LC-tank oscillator design using the symmetric graphene tunneling field-effect transistor (SymFET) diode is presented. The SymFET takes advantage of the resonant current tunneling through two graphene layers, with a large current peak exhibiting negative differential resistance (NDR) when the drain-to-source voltage aligns the Dirac point. A Verilog-A SymFET model is presented with noise performance for circuit design and evaluation. The NDR phenomenon of the diode-connected SymFET is further explored, and oscillator design considerations are discussed for performance optimization. Simulation results show that the proposed SymFET 3.05 GHz oscillator has a simulated phase noise of -117 dBC/Hz at 1.0 MHz offset, with a power consumption of only 0.23 mW from a 0.30 V supply.
Effect of temperature on the spectral properties of some ferrocytochromes

Abstract The temperature dependence of the absorption spectra of reduced minus oxidized cytochromes are presented for the temperature range from −190 ° to 20 °. The absorbance changes may be separated into two independent parts, a part representing a true temperature dependence of the absorbance of the cytochrome and a part representing light-scattering changes in the medium. The peak absorbance of the alpha bands is an approximately linear function of temperature and decreases by a factor of 1.6 for cytochromes a + a 3, c and b 5 and 2.1 for cytochrome b when the temperature is increased from −190 ° to 20 °. The intensification of the cytochrome absorbance due to light scattering by the frozen medium depends upon the medium used and the method used to freeze it. Measured values range from a factor of 1.2 for a glycerol-water glass to 25 for a devitrified 1.4 m sucrose solution. The use of spectra of cytochromes at liquid nitrogen temperatures for quantitative analyses is discussed. It is concluded that for quantitative analysis experimental conditions may be selected for which the absorption of the alpha bands of the cytochromes is intensified by factors of as much as 40.
Thiol/disulfide redox states in signaling and sensing

AbstractRapid advances in redox systems biology are creating new opportunities to understand complexities of human disease and contributions of environmental exposures. New understanding of thiol–disulfide systems have occurred during the past decade as a consequence of the discoveries that thiol and disulfide systems are maintained in kinetically controlled steady states displaced from thermodynamic equilibrium, that a widely distributed family of NADPH oxidases produces oxidants that function in cell signaling and that a family of peroxiredoxins utilize thioredoxin as a reductant to complement the well-studied glutathione antioxidant system for peroxide elimination and redox regulation. This review focuses on thiol/disulfide redox state in biologic systems and the knowledge base available to support development of integrated redox systems biology models to better understand the function and dysfunction of thiol–disulfide redox systems. In particular, central principles have emerged concerning redox comp...
Mathematical properties of information theoretic image similarity measures

Joint entropy, mutual information, and normalized mutual information are widely used image similarity measures in multimodality image registration and other problems that involve comparing images with arbitrary intensity relationships. While these image similarity measures have been successfully used in various applications, their mathematical properties have not been studied thoroughly. This paper analyzes several properties of practical interest of the three image similarity measures. It is shown that mutual information, despite its popularity, and joint entropy have a few undesirable properties. On the other hand, normalized mutual information does not suffer from these problems. The properties are proven mathematically, which renders the conclusions independent of image type, noise, and artifacts. The conclusions are in line with the results of previous experimental studies, in which normalized mutual information outperformed other information theoretic image similarity measures.
A lumped-parameter model for cryo-adsorber hydrogen storage tank

One of the primary requirements for commercialization of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles is the on-board storage of hydrogen in sufficient quantities. On-board storage of hydrogen by adsorption on nano-porous adsorbents at around liquid nitrogen temperatures and moderate pressures is considered viable and competitive with other storage technologies: liquid hydrogen, compressed gas, and metallic or complex hydrides. The four cryo-adsorber fuel tank processes occur over different time scales: refueling over a few minutes, discharge over a few hours, dormancy over a few days, and venting over a few weeks. The slower processes i.e. discharge, dormancy and venting are expected to have negligible temperature gradients within the bed, and hence are amenable to a lumped-parameter analysis. Here we report a quasi-static lumped-parameter model for the cryo-adsorber fuel tank, and discuss the results for these slower processes. We also describe an alternative solution method for dormancy and venting based on the thermodynamic state description.
Alfalfa Weevil: Diel Activity Cycle of Adults in Oregon

Diel fluctuations in the abundance of adult Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) as measured by sweeping, were studied in 3 regions of Oregom. The peak activity of new generation adults in the summer was after dark in all regions. A high postive correlation to temperature was also noted at night. During the fall and spring, overwintering adults in western Oregon did not demonstrate a negatIve reaction to light and the greatest numbers were captured around mid-day. In the spring, eastern Oregon adults showed the same diel activity as those in western Oregon. The spring activity cycle of overwintered adults in central Oregon differed from western and eastern Oregon in that the peak in activity was after dark. No difference in the diel activity of male and female adults was demonstrated.
ENDOTOXIC SHOCK AND HYPERPYREXIA IN UROLOGICAL PRACTICE

During the six-month period, February—August 1966, 400 cystoscopies and 228 urological operations were performed on ward and semiprivate patients on the Urological Service of Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. Postoperative complications occurred in 63 cases: There were 12 suspected cases of endotoxic shock, in only 5 of which was bacteremia proved to be present. There were 51 cases of pyrexia with a temperature of more than 102° F. Most of these complications were caused by urea-splitting bacteria. If a urea-splitting bacterium is present in the urine, instrumentation and/or operation should be deferred if possible until a specific bactericidal can be given. In emergency situations, two specific antibacterials should be available for the control of possible endotoxic shock. Attempts at prevention of postoperative endotoxic shock by means of prophylactic antibacterial therapy have been disappointing. In view of the fact that anabolic, relatively nonandrogenic steroids increase the resistance of animals to experimental infection with Aerobacter aerogenes and Streptococcus hemolyticus, and neutralize the effect on A. aerogenes endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), it is suggested that these steroids be used to supplement the present treatment of bacteremia or bacterial endotoxic shock.
Comparison of a 2.5% and a 4.25% dextrose peritoneal equilibration test.

BackgroundUltrafiltration (UF) failure develops over time in some patients on peritoneal dialysis. The workup of UF failure can be difficult and the 4.25% peritoneal equilibration test (PET) has be...
Performance evaluation of an RFID-based vehicle-miles-travelled revenue collection system

In 2001, Oregon State University (OSU) in collaboration with the Oregon Department of Transportation and the Road User Fee Task Force (RUFTF) began investigating a Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT)-based alternative to the fuel tax. The culminating phase of this five year effort is the execution of a pilot test involving approximately 280 volunteer drivers. A specific VMT-based technology, referred to as the Pilot Test Technology Configuration (PTTC) will be used in the pilot test. This paper discusses the lessons learned in the design and development of the PTTC, especially the challenges faced with the use of RFID technology to identify and collect VMT data from equipped vehicles.
Analysis of Network-Wide Impacts of Behavioral Response Curves for Evacuation Conditions

Demand generation and network loading models under evacuation conditions are crucial yet challenging components of evacuation studies. This study aims to assess network-wide impacts of behavioral response curves, which are the most popular evacuation demand generation models in the literature. System optimal dynamic traffic assignment (SO-DTA) formulation originally proposed by Ziliaskopoulos (2000) is used to model a simplified version of the Cape May County network in New Jersey. This multiple origin-single destination SO-DTA case study model is then studied under different demand generation conditions simulated through the use of various behavioral response curves (S-curves). The results show that the choice of the demand curve changes some important evacuation planning parameters such as clearance times and average delays. Thus it is shown that choice of response curve cannot be stated as just an assumption, but needs to be well calibrated to ensure its validity in terms of representing demand conditions in the study region
Cortical Inhibitory Neuron Disturbances in Schizophrenia: Role of the Ontogenetic Transcription Factor Lhx6

Disturbances in parvalbumin- and somatostatin-containing neurons, including deficits in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme GAD67 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in schizophrenia, may be related to disrupted pre- and/or postnatal development. Deficits in the transcription factor Lhx6, which regulates parvalbumin and somatostatin neuron development, are associated with GAD67 deficits in schizophrenia. Therefore, we investigated the potential pre- and postnatal roles of Lhx6 in GABA-related disturbances using qPCR and/or in situ hybridization to quantify PFC levels of (1) Lhx6 mRNA in a new cohort of schizophrenia subjects; (2) Lhx6 mRNA in monkeys across postnatal development; (3) GABA-related mRNAs in Lhx6 heterozygous (Lhx6+/−) mice, which model Lhx6 deficits in schizophrenia; and (4) Lhx6 mRNA in GAD67+/− mice, which model GAD67 deficits in schizophrenia. Lhx6 mRNA levels were lower (−15%) in schizophrenia and correlated with lower GAD67 mRNA levels. In addition, Lhx6 mRNA levels declined 24% from the perinatal to prepubertal periods then stabilized in monkeys. Finally, GAD67, parvalbumin, and somatostatin mRNAs were not altered in Lhx6+/− mice, and Lhx6 mRNA was not altered in GAD67+/− mice. These data suggest that PFC Lhx6 and GAD67 mRNA deficits are common components of GABA neuron pathology in schizophrenia. An excessive early postnatal decline in Lhx6 mRNA might contribute to Lhx6 mRNA deficits in schizophrenia. However, a partial loss of Lhx6 is not sufficient in isolation to produce deficits in GAD67 mRNA and vice versa, suggesting that the concurrence of Lhx6 and GAD67 mRNA deficits in schizophrenia may instead be the consequence of a common upstream factor.
Peer group contexts of girls' and boys' academic experiences.

Girls have caught up with boys in math course taking in high school but reasons for taking math still differ by gender. This study, therefore, investigated gender differences in the linkage between peer relations and math course taking by applying multilevel modeling to a nationally representative data set that includes peer networks and school transcripts (N= 6,457 American 9th to 11th graders, aged 13–19). For all adolescents, math course taking was associated with the achievement of their close friends and, to a lesser extent, their coursemates. These associations tended to be stronger toward the end of high school and weaker among adolescents with a prior record of failure in school. Each of these patterns was somewhat more consistent among girls.
Cognitive radio - an adaptive waveform with spectral sharing capability

The growth of wireless applications and spectral limitations are serious concerns for both the military and civilian communities. Cognitive radio (CR) technologies expand spectrum efficiency using elements of space, time and frequency diversity that up to now have not been exploited. An adaptive waveform (AW) generation technique is presented which adapts to the changing electromagnetic environment and synthesizes waveform features in the frequency domain. Spectral coexistence with other applications is also addressed and can be accomplished in both static and dynamic environments. Bit error rate (BER) serves as the primary performance metric for evaluating and comparing AW processing with other waveforms and systems.
Review of recent results on particle production from EMU01

Abstract The EMU01 Collaboration has employed emulsion chamber and pellicle detectors to accumulate a large database of heavy nucleus interactions. Samples include both minimum bias and central collisions, analyzed in a uniform manner to extract multiplicities and angular distributions of charged particles and nuclear fragments. We find that the main features of these distribution are well represented by geometrical superposition models. A unique feature of EMU01 is the use of emulsion chambers with thin foil targets to observe produced particle angular distributions with exceptionally high precision, permitting extension of fluctuations and correlations analyses beyond the resolution limits imposed by other experimental techniques. The data are generally well reproduced by interaction simulations such as FRITIOF (the Lund monte carlo for nuclear collisons) which include only conventional physics effects. However, the analysis of fluctuations and correlations via factorial moment and cumulant techniques yields some suggestive results which require further investigation, both by continued analysis of existing data and from Au and Pb beam exposures scheduled for the next few years.
Inhibition of human lung cancer cell growth by angiotensin-(1-7)

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system with vasodilator and anti-proliferative properties. Human adenocarcinoma SK-LU-1 and A549 cells as well as non-small lung cancer SK-MES-1 cells were treated with serum in the presence and absence of Ang-(1-7), to determine whether Ang-(1-7) inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells. Ang-(1-7) caused a significant reduction in serum-stimulated growth in all three lung cancer cell lines. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) resulted in both a dose- and time-dependent reduction in serum-stimulated DNA synthesis in all three cell lines, with IC(50)'s in the sub-nanomolar range. The Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist [D-Ala(7)]-Ang-(1-7) blocked the attenuation of the serum-stimulated DNA synthesis of SK-LU-1 cells by Ang-(1-7), while neither AT(1) nor AT(2) angiotensin receptor subtype antagonists prevented the response to the heptapeptide. MAS mRNA and protein, a receptor for Ang-(1-7), was detected in the three lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that the anti-proliferative effect of Ang-(1-7) in the cancer cells may be mediated by the non-AT(1), non-AT(2), AT((1-7)) receptor MAS. Other angiotensin peptides [Ang I, Ang II, Ang-(2-8), Ang-(3-8) and Ang-(3-7)] did not attenuate mitogen-stimulated DNA synthesis of SK-LU-1 cells, demonstrating that Ang-(1-7) selectively inhibits SK-LU-1 cancer cell growth. Pre-treatment of SK-LU-1 cells with 10 nM Ang-(1-7) reduced serum-stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2, indicating that the anti-proliferative effects may occur, at least in part, through inhibition of the ERK signal transduction pathway. The results of this study suggest that Ang-(1-7) inhibits lung cancer cell growth through the activation of an angiotensin peptide receptor and may represent a novel chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive treatment for lung cancer.
Synthesis of multi-qudit hybrid and d-valued quantum logic circuits by decomposition

Recent research in generalizing quantum computation from 2-valued qudits to d-valued qudits has shown practical advantages for scaling up a quantum computer. A further generalization leads to quantum computing with hybrid qudits where two or more qudits have different finite dimensions. Advantages of hybrid and d-valued gates (circuits) and their physical realizations have been studied in detail by Muthukrishnan and Stroud [Multi-valued logic gates for quantum computation, Phys. Rev. A 62 (2000) 052309. [10]], Daboul et al. [Quantum gates on hybrid qudits, J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 36 (2003) 2525-2536. [5]], and Bartlett et al. [Quantum encodings in spin systems and harmonic oscillators, Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 052316. [17]]. In both cases, a quantum computation is performed when a unitary evolution operator, acting as a quantum logic gate, transforms the state of qudits in a quantum system. Unitary operators can be represented by square unitary matrices. If the system consists of a single qudit, then Tilma et al. [Generalized Euler angle parameterization for SU(N), J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 35 (2002) 10467-10501. [15]] have shown that the unitary evolution matrix (gate) can be synthesized in terms of its Euler angle parametrization. However, if the quantum system consists of multiple qudits, then a gate may be synthesized by matrix decomposition techniques such as QR factorization and the cosine-sine decomposition (CSD). In this article, we present a CSD based synthesis method for n qudit hybrid quantum gates, and as a consequence, derive a CSD based synthesis method for n qudit gates where all the qudits have the same dimension.
Regulation of human gonadotropins. II. Disappearance of human chorionic gonadotropin following delivery.

ABSTRACT The levels of HCG in the serum and urine of post-partum women have been measured by RIA over a period of several days. The rate of disappearance of HCG from the serum decreased with time, resulting in an apparent progressive increase in the half-life of HCG during the first 3 days. The resulting composite disappearance curve appeared to be the result of 2 linear components, the first corresponding to a half-life of 8.9 hr and the second to a half-life of 37.2 hr. Similar half-life values were found for HCG present in newborn infants (9.1–16.8 hr) and for HCG injected into one nonpregnant subject (32 hr).
Plant functional types as predictors of transient responses of arctic vegetation to global change

The plant functional types (growth forms) tradition- ally recognized by arctic ecologists provide a useful frame- work for predicting vegetation responses to, and effects on, ecosystem processes. These functional types are similar to those objectively defined by cluster analysis based on traits expected to influence ecosystem processes. Principal compo- nents analysis showed that two major suites of traits (related to growth rate and woodiness) explain the grouping of species into functional types. These plant functional types are useful because they (1) influence many ecological processes (e.g. productivity, transpiration, and nutrient cycling) in similar ways, (2) predict both responses to and effects on environ- ment, including disturbance regime, and (3) show no strong relationship with traits determining migratory ability (so that no functional type will be eliminated by climatic change simply because it cannot migrate). Circumstantial evidence for the ecological importance of these functional types comes from the distribution of types along environmental gradients and the known ecological effects of traits (e.g., effects of litter quality on decomposition and of plant height on winter albedo) that characterize each functional type. The paleorecord pro- vides independent evidence that some of these functional types have responded predictably to past climatic changes. Field experiments also show that plant functional types re- spond predictably to changes in soil resources (water and nutrients) but less predictably to temperature. We suggest that evidence for the validity of arctic plant functional types is strong enough to warrant their use in regional models seeking to predict the transient response of arctic ecosystems to global change.
Biologically-inspired coordination of multiple UAVs using sliding mode control

We consider the problem of prey (evader) hunting for single or multiple Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAVs) based on biologically-inspired predator-prey behavior. First, we apply sliding mode control (SMC) to a single predator/ single prey model. Next, we propose motion synchronization of multiple UAVs to hunt prey effectively. The proposed motion control scheme is formulated and synchronization is proved. Also, numerical examples demonstrate the performance of the proposed SMC controller and synchronization of multiple UAVs. Therefore, a biologically-inspired strategy of multiple UAVs with synchronization might be a possible approach to effectively hunt other UAVs.
A Tungsten resistance thermometer

THE use of tungsten wire for the sensing element of a resistance thermometer is not new to the art. However, to the best knowledge of the authors, this thermometer, Fig. 1, is the first successful one with stabilities as good as, or better than, platinum.
Inflorescence development in a new teosinte: Zea nicaraguensis (Poaceae)

Inflorescence development in a newly discovered teosinte, Zea nicaraguensis (Poaceae), from Nicaragua has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM examination revealed that the pattern of both male and female inflorescence development was similar to previously described inflorescence in other Zea taxa. Branch primordia were initiated acropetally in a distichous pattern along the rachis of male and female inflorescences. Spikelet pair primordia bifurcated into pedicellate and sessile spikelet primordia. Predictably, pedicellate spikelet development was arrested and aborted in the female teosinte inflorescence. Organogenesis of functional spikelets and florets was similar to that previously described in maize and teosintes. The results were consistent with our hypothesis that both femininity and masculinity share a common mechanism of inflorescence development in Zea and Tripsacum and are in accord with a putative common mechanism of sex determination in the Andropogoneae. Interestingly, this population of teosinte, unique in its ability to grow in water-logged soils, showed a stable pattern of early inflorescence development. Our results also revealed the uncharacteristic presence of inflorescence polystichy in this population of Zea nicaraguensis. We propose this novel phenotypic variation raises the possibility that a domestic evolution of polystichy in maize was enabled by an occasional polystichous phenotypic in teosinte.
Manual assembly line operator scheduling using hierarchical preference aggregation

Successful companies are the ones that can compete in the global market by embracing technological advancements, employing the lean principles, maximizing resource utilizations without sacrificing customer satisfaction. Lean principles are widely applied in semi or fully automated production processes. This research highlights the application of the lean principles to manual assembly processes, where the operator characteristics are considered as deterministic of operator schedule. In this study, a manual circuit breaker assembly line is examined, where operator skill levels, attention spans, classified as reliability measures considered to select the most suitable resource allocation and break schedules. The effect of operator attributes on the process is modeled and simulated using Arena, followed by a hierarchical preference aggregation technique as the decision making tool. This paper provides an operator schedule selection approach which can be both employed in manual and semi -- automated production processes.
Modeling recent climate variability in the Arctic Ocean

Dramatic changes in the circulation of sea ice andtheupperlayersoftheArcticOceanhavebeenreported during the last decade. Similar variability is modeled using a regional, coupled ice-ocean model. Realistic atmospheric forcingeldsfor1979-93 aretheonlyinterannualsignalpre- scribed in the model. Our results show large-scale changes inseaiceandoceanicconditionswhencomparingresultsfor the late 1970s / early 1980s and the 1990s. We hypothesize thatthesechangesareinresponsetoevenlargerscaleatmo- spheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere that can be denedaseithertheArcticOscillationortheNorthAtlantic Oscillation. Agreement between the direction and scale of change in the model and observations, in the absence of in- terannual forcing from the global ocean thermohaline circu- lation, suggests that the atmospheric variability by itself is sucienttoproducebasin-scalechangesintheArcticOcean and sea ice system.
Patterns of synthesis and accumulation of heterogeneous RNA in lampbrush stage oocytes of Xenopus laevis (Daudin)

Abstract The lampbrush stage of oogenesis is known to be an important period in the synthesis of maternal mRNA. These studies represent the first comprehensive analysis of the kinetics of RNA synthesis, turnover, and accumulation in lampbrush stage oocytes from any species. These parameters are compared with those previously observed in full-grown oocytes. In addition, synthetic rates are measured in oocytes obtained from females recently induced to ovulate with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Lampbrush stage oocytes, like full-grown oocytes, are active in the synthesis of hnRNA. However, the fraction of the hnRNA which is stable and accumulates in the cytoplasm (12–14%) is more than twofold higher than observed in full-grown oocytes. In addition, transcription of both ribosomal and nonribosomal RNA is increased in lampbrush stage oocytes obtained from females recently induced to ovulate. Most of the increase can be accounted for by an increase in the rate of RNA chain elongation. When considering the rates of RNA synthesis and accumulation in lampbrush stage and full-grown oocytes, the data suggest that the lampbrush chromosome structure may be important in an accumulation role, rather than simply supporting an increased rate of transcription per se.
A preliminary survey of the modern Italian theater

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to record observations of the Italian theater in 1969, including such aspects as its organization, popularity, plays, directors, actors, and acting. There are also necessarily brief observations about L'Accademia dell’ Arte Drammatica, the state supported dramatic school in Rome. Noteworthy is the fact that the Italian government subsidizes permanent companies in principal cities. In addition there are other relatively permanent companies organized by one or more actors who may also write and direct. Perhaps the most striking phenomenon observed was the Italian predilection for foreign playwrights and dead Italian authors, whose works make up a large percentage of the theatrical bill‐of‐fare. Among living playwrights, the names of Diego Fabbri and Eduardo di Filippo are most often mentioned by those Italians questioned. Italian acting is broad, beautiful, and—above all—effective.
Self-transducing silicon nanowire electromechanical systems at room temperature.

Electronic readout of the motions of genuinely nanoscale mechanical devices at room temperature imposes an important challenge for the integration and application of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Here, we report the first experiments on piezoresistively transduced very high frequency Si nanowire (SiNW) resonators with on-chip electronic actuation at room temperature. We have demonstrated that, for very thin (∼90 nm down to ∼30 nm) SiNWs, their time-varying strain can be exploited for self-transducing the devices’ resonant motions at frequencies as high as ∼100 MHz. The strain of wire elongation, which is only second-order in doubly clamped structures, enables efficient displacement transducer because of the enhanced piezoresistance effect in these SiNWs. This intrinsically integrated transducer is uniquely suited for a class of very thin wires and beams where metallization and multilayer complex patterning on devices become impractical. The 30 nm thin SiNW NEMS offer exceptional mass sensitivities in the subzeptogram range. This demonstration makes it promising to advance toward NEMS sensors based on ultrathin and even molecular-scale SiNWs, and their monolithic integration with microelectronics on the same chip.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with vertebral fractures in a sample of clinic- and hospital-based Latinos.

Latinos are the fastest growing ethnic population in the United States and type 2 diabetes is a major health burden in this population, but little effort has been made to study the prevalence of diabetic vertebral fragility in Latinos. We performed a cross-sectional study to determine vertebral fracture prevalence in a hospital-based population of South Texas residents (N = 296). We defined fractures in X-rays as a >20 % reduction in vertebral body height. Numerous variables were recorded, including age, body mass index, indicators of diabetes management and others. 71 % of the sample (N = 296) was Latino. The prevalence of vertebral fracture was increased in diabetic subjects relative to non-diabetic subjects (diabetic 27.9 %, non-diabetic 13.8 %) and, regardless of sex and diabetics status, decreased in Latinos relative to non-Latinos (Latino 16.7 %, non-Latino 26.4 %). These data suggest that vertebral fractures may be a growing concern for diabetic Latinos as well as diabetics of any racial/ethnic background.
Peer interaction in emergency medicine research: A semiannual event (at least)

Abstract [Pollack CV Jr. Peer interaction in emergency medicine research: a semiannual event (at least). Ann Emerg Med . October 2001;38(suppl):S1-S2.]
Diagnostic Studies of Spiral Rainbands in a Nonlinear Hurricane Model

Abstract Results from diagnostic studies of a nonlinear hurricane model support the conclusion that internal gravity-inertia waves are responsible for hurricane rainbands. The mean relative vorticity differed little between the bands and their environment, a characteristic of gravity waves modified slightly by the earth's rotation. Small differences in mean radial and tangential velocity components, divergence, and the radial pressure gradient force were noted between the bands and their environment. The upper layers of the bands were responsible for a small increase in the model storm's kinetic energy due to a net convergence of kinetic energy flux from the environment into the bands. A large net convergence of cyclonic angular momentum flux into the bands occurred in the boundary layer. Conversion of available potential energy to kinetic energy was not significant in the model bands. Finally, latent heating in the bands did not play an important role in the maintenance or propagation of the bands at lar...
National park service visitor satisfaction: a comparative analysis.

Virtually all recent planning frameworks recommend recreation managers to identify and establish quantitative impact indicators and standards (Manning, 2011a; 2011b). Indicators are the biophysical, social, managerial, or other conditions that managers and visitors value for a given experience. Standards restate management objectives in quantitative terms and specify the appropriate levels or acceptable limits for the impact indicators (i.e., how much impact is too much for a given indicator). Visitor satisfaction is often a major management objective and has been one of the most commonly used indicators of recreation quality (Vaske, Whittaker, Shelby, & Manfredo, 2002). Standards for this indicator, for example, might suggest that at least "X%" of visitors should be satisfied with their experience. This article examined 17 years of National Park Service (NPS) visitor satisfaction data. Research questions examined: (a) visitors' mean satisfaction scores in relation to study year, park designation, and park region and (b) the amount of visitor consensus regarding satisfaction, in order to evaluate satisfaction as an indicator for use within the NPS. Data were obtained from the online NPS Visitor Services Project (VSP) database (177 projects, n = 81,899). The dependent variable was visitor satisfaction, which was measured using a core VSP question: â€œOverall, how would you rate the quality of the visitor services provided to you and your group?â€ Independent variables included study year (i.e., 1995 to 2000, 2001 to 2005, 2006 to 2011), park designation (i.e., historical sites, national parks and preserves, water-based sites, national monuments, other), and park region (i.e., Alaska, Intermountain, Midwest, National Capital, Northeast, Pacific West, Southeast). Analysis of cariance (ANOVA) indicated that visitor satisfaction varied statistically by study year, park designation, and park region. Such differences were likely due to the large sample size, however, as the effect sizes were all minimal. In general, regardless of context, visitors were satisfied with the services they recieved. The Potential for Conflict Index (PCI 2 ) indicated that there was considerable consensus among the satisfaction ratings for each independent variable. Because the satisfaction scores remained high and substantively the same across all contects examined, these findings once again call into question the utility of satisfaction as an indicator of quality services/ experiences. The discussion focuses on criteria for choosing appropriate indicators and standards. We present five criteria for selecting indicators (i.e., specificity, sensitivity, measurability, integration with management objectives, impact importance) and discuss four characteristics of good standards (i.e., quantifiable, time bounded, attainable, output oriented) (Manning, 2011b; Vaske et al., 2002).
Optimal Timing of Surgical Resection After Radiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

In the treatment of rectal cancer, a longer radiation-surgery interval from the end of neoadjuvant radiation therapy to surgery has been associated with higher rates of complete pathologic response (pCR), but the optimal interval with respect to survival has not been established. Data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to evaluate the impact of radiation-surgery interval on oncologic outcomes. The NCDB was searched for patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic rectal cancer who underwent preoperative radiation followed by radical surgical resection. A Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to examine the influence of radiation-surgery interval while controlling for potential confounding factors. Sensitivity analysis was used to confirm the results of the model. A cohort of 6397 patients meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria from 2004–2006 was identified, and the pCR rate for this cohort was 6.9 %. Of those who experienced a pCR, 76.2 % had done so by 60 days. Intervals greater than 60 days were associated with higher rates of positive surgical margins (6.7 vs. 4.8 %, p = 0.009) and lower rates of sphincter-preserving surgery (64.9 vs. 68.9 %, p = 0.007). An interval greater than 60 days was associated with significantly shorter survival (hazard ratio (HR), 1.314; 95 % CI 1.191–1.449; p < 0.001). Radiation-surgery interval beyond 60 days is associated with increased rate of positive surgical margins, decreased rate of sphincter-preserving surgery, and decreased survival. Delay of surgery for rectal cancer beyond 60 days after the completion of neoadjuvant therapy should be done with caution.
Sustaining local physical activity programmes: lessons from the United States

Physical activity programmes are challenged with sustainability after the initial resources and impetus that created them have subsided. Financial stability is important, but social and political support also factor into whether a programme will be sustainable. Three community programmes in the United States were examined to illustrate what elements of sustainability were realised while attempting to develop the local populations’ health. Site visits were made to each community and 42 people were interviewed. The results reveal that stakeholder support was perceived to decline and was viewed as a substantial hurdle in programme sustainability. This drop-off largely explains why these programmes were constrained in what could be implemented and had limited prospects for sustainability. Although the challenges of sustaining a physical activity programme cannot be completely eliminated, an appreciation for those difficulties increases the possibility that they can be mitigated, and the physical activity prog...
Le Corbusier’s Musée à croissance illimitée: A Limitless Diagram for Museology

Abstract: “Let us imagine a true museum, one that contained everything, one that could present a complete picture after the passage of time, after the destruction by time…” This paper considers La Musee a croissance illimitee, an unrealized proposal from 1939 by Le Corbusier in which a series of galleries elevated on pilotis and organized about a square courtyard would extend – infinitely. The paper unfolds as an analysis of the museum and its relationship to history and time, structured by the form of Le Corbusier’s proposal. Four themes establish the parameters of the investigation – spatial organization, notions of monumentality, relationship to site, and ideas of growth – and Le Corbusier's resistant approach is considered as a method of criticality. Order-less, face-less, place-less, end-less. To categorize the Museum of Unlimited Growth as such is not to suppose conditions without, conditions of lack, or absence; but rather is a means to consider the proposal as an absolute – a degree zero that subsumes and thus allows for conditions of possibility. The themes set up a dialectical reading of the project, as its negations are bound to the assertive, positivity of the idea of a limitless spiral. Perpetually unfolding and folding in on itself, the Musee resists the forces of time. It is the ur- museum, a concept that negates the historiography of museums before and proposes an impossible model for museums to come. Keywords: museum; limitless; growth; spiral. Palabras clave: museo; limites; crecimiento; espiral. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.584
A Retrospective on “Race”: The Career of a Concept

Abstract The cumulative evidence of our scholarship makes it patently clear that there is no scientific basis for racist doctrines, and that ideologies, structures and processes linked to these doctrines are a fundamental impediment to societal development and human freedom.
Pernicious anemia: an ultrastructural study of the bone marrow before and after vitamin B 12 therapy.

A study of a patient with pernicious anemia (PA) was undertaken to observe the ultrastructural features of megaloblastic proliferation of the bone marrow, to demonstrate its reversion to normoblastic maturation following vitamin B12 therapy, and to look for evidence of ineffective erythropoiesis. Three bone marrow aspirates were examined: the first before therapy; the second after 24 hr. of vitamin B12 therapy; and the third after 6 days of treatment. The second marrow aspirate was morphologically indistinguishable from the initial pretreatment marrow. After 6 days of therapy, the marrow showed normoblastic hyperplasia. The ultrastructural characteristics of developing megaloblasts are described and compared with the normoblastic maturation after 6 days of therapy. Evidence of ineffective erythropoiesis or intramedullary hemolysis prior to therapy was observed in the form of phagocytosis of developing megaloblasts by histiocytic cells of the marrow. The characteristic low reticulocyte count seen in PA could be explained morphologically by the presence of developing erythrocytes which have mature cytoplasm (devoid of ribosomes) while still retaining their nuclei. After 6 days of therapy, the marrow contained numerous reticulocytes. Increased iron was observed within the mitochondria of megaloblasts.
Comparison of Prompting Techniques to Teach Children With Autism to Ask Questions in the Context of a Conversation

An adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare the efficacy of echoic and textual prompts to teach three students with autism (ages 8–15) to ask questions related to two pre-selected topics of conversation. Participants were first required to answer questions related to the topics to determine whether accurate responses were within their repertoire. This was followed by a transfer of stimulus control procedure to teach participants to ask relevant questions to the experimenter on the same topics. Probes with a novel conversation topic were conducted in the natural environment with a peer, and follow-up probes were conducted after training. Results indicate questions taught using an echoic prompt were acquired in fewer trials to criterion than questions taught using a textual prompt for two of the three participants. Limitations and implications for future research will be discussed.
Pollution status of heavy metal on marketed fruits in Shenzhen City

[Objective]To determine the contents of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Hg and As) in fruits in the markets of Shenzhen City, and evaluate the pollution status of these heavy metals.[Methods]A total of 463 fruits sample were collected randomly in the markets of Shenzhen. The contents of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Hg and As) were determined by the national standard methods. The pollution status in different fruits was evaluated by the single factor pollution index.[Results]The detection rate of Pb,Cd,Hg and As was 1. 73%,24. 41%,0 and 12. 74% respectively. Detection rate of heavy metals in different kinds of fruit was significantly different. Only As in apple and Pb in plum exceeded the standard(4. 17% and 20%). The single factor pollution index of all fruit categories were lower than 1.[Conclusion]The pollution level of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Hg and As) in fruits is relatively low in Shenzhen City. But it is necessary to pay attention to the potential risk of heavy metal pollution.
Enzymatic Analysis of the Protein O -Glycosyltransferase, Rumi, Acting Toward Epidermal Growth Factor-Like (EGF) Repeats

Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are found in numerous extracellular or transmembrane proteins including Notch. EGF repeats containing the appropriate consensus sequences can be modified with two unusual types of glycans: O-fucosylation and O-glucosylation. We have identified the glycosyltransferases that catalyze the addition of the first sugar to these consensus sites: protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) and protein O-glucosyltransferase (Rumi/Poglut1). Recently, we have demonstrated that Rumi/Poglut1 shows protein O-xylosyltransferase activity as well. Here, we describe how we characterize the enzymatic activity of these enzymes, including preparation of the acceptor substrates, using bacterially expressed EGF repeats.
Abstract 5189: Caloric restriction augments the chemotherapeutic response in a murine triple negative breast cancer model

Purpose: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, linked with a poor prognosis. TNBC tumors have a higher propensity for metastasis and unfortunately have fewer treatment options due to their lack of estrogen, progesterone or Her-2/neu receptors. We sought to determine if caloric restriction (CR) could augment the response of chemotherapy including docetaxel and cisplatin in a TNBC model and improve survival. Methods: An orthotopic mouse model using a highly metastatic, luciferase-tagged TNBC cell line (4T1), was used to generate palpable tumors. Mice were then treated with CR, cisplatin alone, docetaxel alone or a combination of CR and chemotherapy. Three times a week, primary tumors were measured with calipers and in vivo imaging was performed to evaluate the metastatic burden of disease. Molecular evaluation of the tumors was performed, generating a mechanistic hypothesis for increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. Results: Combining either docetaxel or cisplatin with CR, significantly decreased the rate of primary tumor growth (p Conclusions: CR augments the effect of systemic chemotherapy in an aggressive TNBC mouse model, in part by decreasing the inflammatory response. The novel use of CR in combination with systemic chemotherapy has the potential to enhance clinical outcomes for patients with triple negative breast cancer and should be tested in the clinical setting. Citation Format: Brittany Simone, Tu Dan, Ajay Palagani, Meredith LaRose, Jason E. Savage, Nicole Simone. Caloric restriction augments the chemotherapeutic response in a murine triple negative breast cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5189.
The Public/Private Balance in Land Use Regulation

The topic of the balance between public and private interests in land is one of growing importance and increasing controversy. The environmental movement of the last three decades has generated significant and varied government regulation, much of it placing restrictions on the use of privately owned land. In turn, the past few years have seen a growing property rights movement, largely in response to such regulation. The interplay between private and public interests affects all types of land ownership and property uses, but is perhaps most pronounced with regard to environmentally sensitive land. Effective protection of such property often requires that it be left in its natural state, thus minimizing development opportunities. This raises an increasingly critical question in our society: what rights do private property owners have in privately owned land and what rights should the public have in the same resource. In addressing this topic this article will do three things. Part One will first present a thumbnail sketch of the current balance of public and private rights as reflected in constitutional law, commonly known as the “takings” issue. This balance leans heavily towards the private side concerning the right to possess property and exclude others, as well as protecting against state interference with current uses. Part Two will then present what I consider to be the big picture rationale for striking the balance in this way, which is that property is a social construct designed to serve social as well as individual purposes. As such, private property rights have always been viewed as being subject to broader public interests, and private interests must end when they inflict harm on the broader public. Finally, Part Three will discuss whether recognizing a strong public or social interest in privately owned land is fundamentally unfair to private landowners, especially when the effect is to substantially lower property values.