cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The combined use of typhoid vaccine and P32 labeling to assess myelopoiesis.

1. The intravenous administration of killed typhoid organisms to dogs results in the development of a severe leukopenia which is followed by a marked leukocytosis. 2. The myelopoietic response of dogs to typhoid injections is quite similar to the response following leukopheresis. 3. Leukocyte DNA-P32 studies indicate that in response to typhoid stimulation, as with leukopheresis, the bone marrow constitutes the main reservoir for granulocytes contributing to peripheral blood leukocytosis. 4. Evidence is presented that, under these experimental conditions, leukocytes, after once having left the vascular tree, are unable to re-enter in any significant numbers. 5. The use of typhoid vaccine to stimulate leukocytosis combined with the use of P32 to measure the fate of cells released from the marrow is presented as an accurate and reasonably simple method to measure certain aspects of myelopoiesis in the experimental animal.
Der Schlüssel zum Management von Geschäftsmodellen im Spannungsfeld multinationaler Unternehmen

Die Entwicklung von neuen Geschaftsmodellen aus multinationalen Unternehmen heraus bedarf eines gezielten, systematischen Managements um die Potenziale, welche mit neuen Geschaftsmoglichkeiten einhergehen, zu realisieren. Die Ausfuhrungen im Rahmen der Arbeit haben gezeigt, dass die Betrachtung des Geschaftsmodellkerns als Element eines integrierten Ansatzes der Geschaftsmodellentwicklung im multinationalen Unternehmen fur eine internationale Skalierung von Geschaftsmodellen eingesetzt werden kann. Im Rahmen dieses Kapitels sollen die zentralen Ergebnisse der Arbeit diskutiert werden und anschliesend Beitrage fur Wissenschaft und Praxis sowie weiterfuhrender Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt werden.
Development of a neuroprotective potential algorithm for medicinal plants.

Medicinal plants are promising candidates for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research but there is lack of systematic algorithms and procedures to guide their selection and evaluation. Herein, we developed a Neuroprotective Potential Algorithm (NPA) by evaluating twenty-three standardized and chemically characterized Ayurvedic medicinal plant extracts in a panel of bioassays targeting oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, protein glycation, amyloid beta (Aβ) fibrillation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and neuroinflammation. The twenty-three herbal extracts were initially evaluated for: 1) total polyphenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), 2) free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH assay), 3) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP assay), 4) reactive carbonyl species scavenging capacity (methylglyoxal trapping assay), 5) anti-glycative effects (BSA-fructose, and BSA-methylglyoxal assays) and, 6) anti-Aβ fibrillation effects (thioflavin-T assay). Based on assigned index scores from the initial screening, twelve extracts with a cumulative NPA score ≥40 were selected for further evaluation for their: 1) inhibitory effects on AChE activity, 2) in vitro anti-inflammatory effects on murine BV-2 microglial cells (Griess assay measuring levels of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide species), and 3) in vivo neuroprotective effects on Caenorhabditis elegans post induction of Aβ1-42 induced neurotoxicity and paralysis. Among these, four extracts had a cumulative NPA score ≥60 including Phyllanthus emblica (amla; Indian gooseberry), Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean), Punica granatum (pomegranate) and Curcuma longa (turmeric; curcumin). These extracts also showed protective effects on H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in differentiated cholinergic human neuronal SH-SY5Y and murine BV-2 microglial cells and reduced tau protein levels in the SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. While published animal data support the neuroprotective effects of several of these Ayurvedic medicinal plant extracts, some remain unexplored for their anti-AD potential. Therefore, the NPA may be utilized, in part, as a strategy to help guide the selection of promising medicinal plant candidates for future AD-based research using animal models.
Benchmarks and Tests of a Multidimensional Cluster Dynamics Model of Helium Implantation in Tungsten

We present a hierarchical multiscale modeling study of implanted helium (He) segregation near grain boundaries (GBs) of tungsten. We extend our spatially dependent cluster dynamics model to two spatial dimensions in order to take into account the biased drift of mobile He clusters toward the GBs observed in atomic-scale simulations. We are able to reproduce the results from large-scale molecular dynamics simulations near and away from the GBs at low fluence with the extended cluster dynamics model. We suggest and verify that the sink (surface and GB) strengths are attenuated by the increasing concentration of He clusters at high fluence. This cluster dynamics model continues to set the stage for development of fully atomistically informed, coarse-grained models for computationally efficient predictions of He retention and surface morphological evolution, advancing progress toward the goal of efficient and optimal design of plasma-facing components.
Snoring and sleep-disordered breathing in young children: subjective and objective correlates.

Study Objectives: We sought to assess the predictive validity of parental report of snoring and other behaviors by comparing such reports with objective findings from overnight polysomnography for the evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing in 2 nonclinical samples, namely, at-risk preschoolers and an older group reflective of the general community. Predictive validity of snoring alone and a score based on multiple child behaviors were compared to outcome at different levels of severity of sleep-disordered breathing. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting: Questionnaires were distributed through school programs; polysomnography was performed at Kosair Children's Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky. Participants: One hundred twenty-two preschoolers and 172 5- to 7-year-olds, and their parents, participated in both subjective-report and objective-recording portions of the study. Measurements and Results: Compared to the presence of snoring on polysomnography, parental report of frequent snoring was highly sensitive and specific for both age groups. At all but the lowest level of severity of sleep-disordered breathing, predictive ability was higher for both groups when a parental-report score based on multiple measures of child behavior was applied, compared to parental report of snoring alone. The profiles of these predictive child behaviors differed between the 2 groups, as did their sensitivity and specificity, at their high ranges of parental report. Conclusions: Scores derived from parental-report questionnaires of children's snoring and other sleep and wake behaviors can be used as surrogate predictors of snoring or sleep-disordered breathing in children. However, design and interpretation should consider age, risk status, and the purpose of the screening assessment. Citation: Montgomery-Downs HE; O'Brien LM; Holbrook CR; Gozal D. Snoring and sleep-disordered breathing in young children: subjective and objective correlates.
Cardioprotective Utility of Urocortin in Myocardial Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury: Where do We Stand?

BACKGROUND There has been a constant pursuit for development of newer therapies which can contribute to the relatively nascent field of cardioprotection in the setting of myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury. One novel cardioprotective agent among others, that has shown promising results in the limited number of research studies undertaken till now, is Urocortin. Urocortins are peptides belonging to the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone family. RESULTS Acting through a variety of downstream mechanisms, urocortin has been shown to alter cellular metabolism and modulate the mechanism of cell death occurring as a result of ischemia-reperfusion injury. New evidence continues to accumulate in support of urocortin's beneficial role in cytoprotection. CONCLUSION We present here an updated review largely focused on the various mechanisms through which urocortin alters cellular metabolism, and discuss the clinical potential of urocortin's cardioprotective ability in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Joining by Number: Military Intervention in Civil Wars

AbstractUnderstanding why and when states militarily intervene in civil wars is crucial. Intervention can increase civil wars’ severity and the strategies employed in civil wars are shaped by the possibility of military intervention. This article argues that potential military interveners react to information revealed about warring parties’ intentions and relative power. Without revealed information, potential military interveners are unlikely to reconsider their initial decision to remain out of the war. Revealed information causes non-belligerent states to update their expectations about the trajectory of the civil war causing them, at times, to change their calculus about the benefits of belligerency and thus intervene. This helps explain why civil wars spread and when they do so. This explanation is tested using generalised estimating equations on a new data-set of unexpected events for the civil wars in the Correlates of War Intrastate War and PRIO Armed Conflict data-sets.
Planning of Electric Utility Systems in Developing Countries

Abstract Systems engineering is playing a role of increasing importance in solving large-scale problems such as the planning of the electric utility systems of developing countries. The systems engineering techniques and digital computer simulation methods described in this paper have resulted in significant benefits in reducing overall system costs with recognition of reliability and environmental constraints.
Sport-specific virtual reality to identify profiles of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk during unanticipated cutting

Female athletes are at an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in competitive sport during running, jumping and cutting tasks. This risk is due to deficits in posterior chain and hip recruitment associated with aberrant frontal knee loads. The identification of these risk factors has led to targeted neuromuscular training (NMT) interventions to enhance hip neuromuscular control during such tasks. Despite the successful modification of ACL injury risk factors following NMT, the transfer of these corrected movement patterns to the sport-specific contexts has not been directly evaluated. Sport-specific virtual reality (VR) may provide the best method to measure training transfer to realistic sport performance, while still allowing appropriate experimental control and high-fidelity performance measurements. The current study examined the effect of a biofeedback-driven augmented NMT (aNMT) on skill transfer of ACL-injury resistant movement patterns during performance of sport-specific VR scenarios. Five trained athletes participated, and their performance on an unanticipated cutting task was assessed in VR prior to and after six weeks of aNMT. A significant 87% reduction in internal hip rotation was observed on the plant leg during the loading phase of cutting (p = .05), along with an observed 116% reduction during the push-off phase (p = .02), from pre- to post-training. A non-significant trend of a 19% reduction in knee abduction was also observed (p = .15). This study is the first that has utilized free ambulatory wireless VR to assess injury risk in athletes during performance of sport-specific tasks. The reduction in internal hip rotation and knee abduction align with previous findings on laboratory based tests. The current results are the first step in the validation of sport-specific VR as a tool for understanding injury risk during simulation of real-world sport performance.
Implementation of a purely digital substation system using the IEC 61850 standard

This paper presents an entirely digital system which has several benefits as compared to the systems that are deployed currently. Utilizing digital capabilities to a much greater extent than is currently used within the power system allows for various improvements upon the current system. One such improvement is the ease of configuring and using the system. Each device can easily alter its functionality through a user interface, and the addition of devices is as easy as plugging it in. Additionally, the burden on the transformer due to the increase in the number of devices is nullified. The information remains accurate and unchanged, even when new devices are added to the system. The entire system conforms to the IEC 61850 standard, such that it adheres to the requirements of the actual power system.
Perspectives on geochemical proxies: The impact of model and parameter selection on the quantification of carbonate recrystallization rates

Abstract Diagenetic reactions in marine sediments, such as the recrystallization of carbonates, can impact the accuracy of paleo-environmental and paleo-climatic reconstructions by geochemical proxies. The extent to which the recrystallization of carbonates affects the chemistry of sedimentary archives depends on the reaction rate, extent of isotopic disequilibrium, and duration of reaction. The reaction rate, which is obviously critical, can be constrained by the elemental and isotopic compositions of pore fluids. Such constraints are affected by assumptions regarding the temperature in the sedimentary column relative to the temperature of formation, the burial rate, pore fluid advection, the composition of the sediments (carbonate-rich versus siliciclastic), and the porosity of the sediment column. In this study, we use a steady-state analytical solution to the diagenetic equations to constrain depth-dependent reaction rates (and extents of recrystallization) based on the Ca isotopic compositions of pore fluids in sedimentary columns at multiple ocean drilling sites (Sites 807, 984, 1170, and 1171), which encompass a diverse range of sedimentary compositions and conditions. We find that carbonates in siliciclastic sediments are generally less altered by diagenesis than their carbonate-rich counterparts. The discrepancy in recrystallization rates between siliciclastic and carbonate-rich sedimentary sections is, however, significantly smaller than previously estimated, suggesting that siliciclastic archives are not immune to diagenetic effects. While we find that diagenesis can decouple contemporaneous proxies of sea surface temperature (Mg/Ca and δ18O), our calculations also reveal that δ18O-based temperature estimates are more robust in siliciclastic sections relative to carbonate-rich sections. Sensitivity tests of the calculated extent of recrystallization suggest that uncertainties in porosity and burial rate are generally the greatest sources of error to proxy reconstruction from diagenetically altered sediments. The conclusions drawn using the analytical solution are benchmarked against a depth-dependent, forward numerical model using the CrunchFlow software (Steefel et al., 2015); ultimately, this comparison demonstrates that the assumptions necessary in deriving the analytical solutions have a relatively minor impact on the resulting conclusions.
A STAT3-dependent transcriptional circuitry inhibits cytotoxic gene expression in T cells.

CD8+ T cells are preprogrammed for cytotoxic differentiation in the thymus as they acquire expression of the transcription factor Runx3. However, a subset of effector CD8+ T cells (Tc17) produce IL-17 and fail to express cytotoxic genes. Here, we show that the transcription factors directing IL-17 production, STAT3 and RORγt, inhibit cytotoxicity despite persistent Runx3 expression. Cytotoxic gene repression did not require the transcription factor Thpok, which in CD4+ T cells restrains Runx3 functions and cytotoxicity; and STAT3 restrained cytotoxic gene expression in CD8+ T cells responding to viral infection in vivo. STAT3-induced RORγt represses cytotoxic genes by inhibiting the functions but not the expression of the “cytotoxic” transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin. Thus, the transcriptional circuitry directing IL-17 expression inhibits cytotoxic functions. However, by allowing expression of activators of the cytotoxic program, this inhibitory mechanism contributes to the instability of IL-17–producing T cells.
Effects of energy conservation on equilibrium properties of hot asymmetric nuclear matter

Based on the relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, which includes relativistic scalar and vector potentials on baryons, we consider an $N\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ system in a box with periodic boundary conditions to study the effects of energy conservation in particle production and absorption processes on the equilibrium properties of the system. The density and temperature of the matter in the box are taken to be similar to the hot dense matter formed in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. We find that to maintain the equilibrium numbers of $N,\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$, and $\ensuremath{\pi}$, which depend on the mean-field potentials of $N$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$, we must include these potentials in the energy conservation condition that determines the momenta of outgoing particles after a scattering or decay process. We further find that the baryon scalar potentials mainly affect the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ and pion equilibrium numbers, while the baryon vector potentials have considerable effect on the effective charged pion ratio at equilibrium. Our results thus indicate that it is essential to include in the transport model the effect of potentials in the energy conservation of a scattering or decay process, which is ignored in most transport models, for studying pion production in heavy ion collisions.
Research norms of home economics education graduate faculty

s of doctoral theses related to home economics, 1958-59: education. J. of Home Economics 52: 208-214. I960. Abstracts of doctoral theses related to home economics, 1959-60: education. J. of Home Economics 53: 229-234. I96I Abstracts of doctoral theses related to home economics, I96O-6I: education. J. of Home Economics 54: 224-229. 1962 Abstracts of doctoral theses related to home economics, 1961-62: education. J. of Home Economics 55: 211-214. I963s of doctoral theses related to home economics, 1959-60: education. J. of Home Economics 53: 229-234. I96I Abstracts of doctoral theses related to home economics, I96O-6I: education. J. of Home Economics 54: 224-229. 1962 Abstracts of doctoral theses related to home economics, 1961-62: education. J. of Home Economics 55: 211-214. I963 Bates, Alan P. Toward the development of operations for defining group norms and member roles. Sociometry 19: 26-39. 1956. Beard, Robert W. On the publish-or-perish policy. J. of Higher Education 36: 455-459. I965. Blake, Judith and Davis, Kings ley. Norms, values, and sanctions. In Paris, Robert E. L., editor. Handbook of modern sociology. Pp. 456484. Chicago, Illinois, Rand McNally and Co. 1964. Brickman, William W. Research and publication. School and Society 90: 3. 1962. Brown, Clara M. Appraisal of trends in home economics education research. J. of Home Economics 29: 603-606. 1937* Brown, Sara A. Home Economics. In Harris, Chester W. Encyclopedia of educational research. 3i'd ed. Pp. 668-675New York, New York, The Macmillan Co. I96O. Chadderdon, Hester. Home Economics. In Monroe, Walter S. Encyclo­ pedia of educational research. Pp. 584-593New York, New York, The Macmillan Co. 1941. Chadderdon, Hester. Home Economics Education. In Monroe, Walter S. Encyclopedia of educational research. Pp. 556-564. New York, New York, The Macmillan Co. 1950. Chadderdon, Hester and Fans low, Alyce M. Review and synthesis of research in home economics education. Columbus, Ohio, The Center for Vocational and Technical Education, The Ohio State University. I966. Coleman, James S. Mathematical models and computer simulation. In Paris, Robert E. L., editor. Handbook of modern sociology. Pp. 10271062. Chicago, Illinois, Rand McNally and Co. 1964.
Collective action, state building, and the rise of the Calusa, southwest Florida, USA

Abstract Our work at Mound Key, the Capital of the Calusa Kingdom, identifies a large structure on top of Mound 1 that likely was associated with a powerful long-lived lineage. The rise to power for this group coincided with a significant amelioration of the shallow-water estuarine environment of Estero Bay during the Warm Medieval Period. We interpret this commitment to place as a way for successive members of this lineage to transmit political and social capital. We propose that prior to the sixteenth century the Calusa, and the broader landscape these groups inhabited, were organized much like the great houses were at the community level. A series of small polities participated in a fluctuating heterarchical system, that were likely the result of political jockeying of high ranking houses at larger settlements. We argue that long-lived houses with their accrued political and social capital were in the best position to take advantage of events that afforded the differential exercise of agency among their peers, allowing for new, novel, and seemingly more complex engagements. We use this case study to examine the role of collective action for the development of the Calusa Kingdom observed by the Spanish explorers during the sixteenth century, and its broader comparative lessons for state building among similarly organized societies.
Recent nonlinear optical studies of MNA and conjugated linear chains

There have been a large number of studies concerning the nonlinear optical properties of organic and polymeric materials in recent years [1]. Compared to the usual inorganic nonlinear optical materials, organic and polymeric materials with conjugated bonding structures possess much larger second and third order electronic nonlinear optical susceptibilites [1,2]. It is now well-established that the macroscopic second order χ ijk (2) (−ω3;ω1,ω2) and third order χ ijkl (3) (−ω4;ω1,ω2,ω3) nonlinear optical susceptibilities observed for conjugated organic and polymer structures are due to virtual excitations occurring within the π-electron states of individual molecular, or polymeric chain, sites in condensed assemblies and providing macroscopic sources of nonlinear optical response through the corresponding on-site microscopic second order βijk(−ω3;ω1,ω2) and third order γijkl(−ω4;ω1,ω2,ω3) susceptibilities [3 – 7]. Moreover, since the responses originate from on-site electronic virtual excitations, the nonlinear response time is ultrafast of the order of picosecond to femtosecond time scales. Microscopic descriptions of second order and third order it-electron virtual excitation processes are required in order to understand at a fundamental level the physical properties and behavior of βijk(−ω3;ω1,ω2) and γijkl(−ω4;ω1,ω2,ω3). In addition, they provide important insights for developing guidelines for molecular design of new material structures.
Enhancing the Self-Esteem and Social Competence of Hyperactive Children: A Semi-Structured Activity Group Therapy Model

This article proposes a semi-structured activities group model for addressing the fragile self-esteem and social discord often shown by hyperactive children. Included is a discussion of the amount of structure and types of activities necessary to foster effective group work with this client population. The author asserts that hyperactivity oftentimes is better conceptualized in terms of unmet exhibitionistic needs, the sensitive handling of which can impact the acquisition of healthy self-esteem. Another key focus is the role of shame in manifestations of aggression and externalization of blame that diminish the social competence of hyperactive children. Clinical vignettes are used to illustrate key points.
Role of histone deacetylase complexes in the regulation of chromatin metabolism.

The pattern of acetylation of conserved lysines at the N-termini of four nucleosomal histone proteins plays an important role in chromatin metabolism, in particular, chromatin assembly, establishment of silenced heterochromatin regions, and local repression of active euchromatin promoters. In this review, we describe from a biochemical and genetic point of view, recent progress in the characterization of enzymes that carry out histone deacetylation. We show that histone deacetylase enzymes display several features that are common among enzymes involved in chromatin metabolism, particularly, apparent redundancy, an essential multisubunit composition, and evolutionary conservation and diversity. We emphasize the role of histone deacetylases in chromatin metabolism and their importance for cell proliferation.
Accurate and Rapid Sequence Analysis of Adeno-Associated Virus Plasmids by Illumina Next-Generation Sequencing

Sequence validation of plasmid DNA is a crucial quality control step that must occur prior to adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector packaging through plasmid transfection. AAV cis-plasmids present unique challenges to sequence analysis, as they contain inverted terminal repeats and are prone to sequence rearrangements. An accurate and rapid next-generation sequencing approach has been established to analyze full-length sequences of AAV cis-plasmids within 3.5 days. Here, a step-by-step protocol is described that can reliably detect and identify the location and frequency of sequence variants commonly observed in AAV cis-plasmids.
When Nobody “Likes” You: Perceived Ostracism Through Paralinguistic Digital Affordances Within Social Media:

This research explores the processes of perceived ostracism ensuing from a lack of feedback via paralinguistic digital affordances (PDAs), the one-click tools (e.g., Likes and +1s) which are one of...
Materialism and affect toward others: Influences on apparel consciousness

Materialism plays a significant role in the consumption of many products, particularly highly visible products like apparel. For highly materialistic individuals, possessions play significant roles...
Prophylactic Pancreatectomies Carry Prohibitive Mortality at Low-Volume Centers: A California Cancer Registry Study

Pancreatectomy for malignancy is associated with improved outcomes when performed at high-volume centers. The goal of this study was to assess pancreatectomy outcomes for premalignant cystic lesions as a function of hospital volume. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) was queried for all pancreatectomies performed in California from 2003 to 2011. Cases were stratified, separating benign versus malignant disease. Hospitals were categorized as low-volume (≤25 pancreatectomies/year; LV) or high-volume (>25; HV) centers. Perioperative morbidity, mortality, and length of stay were compared in HV vs. LV centers. There were 7554 pancreatectomies performed in 201 hospitals during the study period, where 5652 (75%) procedures were performed for malignancy, 338 (4%) for chronic pancreatitis, and 1564 (21%) for benign/premalignant cysts. The majority of pancreatectomies for cystic disease were performed at LV centers (65%). There were no significant differences in length of stay (7 vs. 8 days; p = 0.6) or 90-day readmission rates (12.8% vs. 12.9%; p = 1.0) in HV versus LV centers. However, there were higher surgical (46.2% LV vs. 41.1% HV, p = 0.05) and medical (13.3% LV vs. 9.2% HV; p = 0.017) complications at LV centers. Most importantly, there was a fourfold higher in-hospital mortality at LV centers (2.36% vs. 0.55%; p = 0.007). Pancreatic resection for benign lesions at HV hospitals is associated with significantly lower morbidity and mortality, suggesting that when feasible, patients should seek care at high-volume centers for these semi-elective surgeries.
Lobectomy Compared to Total Thyroidectomy for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Background The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines called for consideration of thyroid lobectomy (TL) as an acceptable surgical treatment for small and less aggressive papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) with no clinical evidence of metastasis or extrathyroidal extension. Optimal extent of surgery, however, remains controversial. Methods A systematic literature review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PUBMED, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies comparing TL to total thyroidectomy (TT) for low-risk PTC. Studies were grouped according to the major outcomes in the literature: survival and the need for completion thyroidectomy (CT). Results Overall survival for low-risk PTC patients who underwent TL was comparable to TT. Locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate following TL was less than 6% and salvaged with CT. The proportion of patients meeting the 2015 ATA guidelines selection criteria for TL who subsequently would need CT varied by study but averaged 34%. After excluding microscopic extrathyroidal extension and positive resection margin as indications for CT to facilitate radioactive iodine ablation, the estimated rate across the included studies was 11%. Conclusions We performed a systematic review of outcomes following TL or CT for low-risk PTC according to 2015 ATA guidelines. Initial operative approach did not have a negative impact on overall survival. There is a paucity of high-quality data on this topic across the literature. Long-term follow-up studies on oncologic and patient-centered outcomes are essential.
The Connected Isotopic Water Cycle in the Community Earth System Model Version 1

Because of the pervasive role of water in the Earth system, the relative abundances of stable isotopologues of water are valuable for understanding atmospheric, oceanic, and biospheric processes, and for interpreting paleoclimate proxy reconstructions. Isotopologues are transported by both largescale and turbulent flows, and the ratio of heavy to light isotopologues changes due to fractionation that can accompany condensation and evaporation processes. Correctly predicting the isotopic distributions requires resolving the relationships between largescale ocean and atmospheric circulation and smallerscale hydrological processes, which can be accomplished within a coupled climate modeling framework. Here we present the water isotopeenabled version of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (iCESM1), which simulates global variations in water isotopic ratios in the atmosphere, land, ocean, and sea ice. In a transient Last Millennium simulation covering the 850-2005 period, iCESM1 correctly captures the latetwentiethcentury structure of δ(exp 18)O and δD over the global oceans, with more limited accuracy over land. The relationship between salinity and seawater δ(exp 18)O is also well represented over the observational period, including interbasin variations. We illustrate the utility of coupled, isotopeenabled simulations using both Last Millennium simulations and freshwater hosing experiments with iCESM1. Closing the isotopic mass balance between all components of the coupled model provides new confidence in the underlying depiction of the water cycle in CESM, while also highlighting areas where the underlying hydrologic balance can be improved. The iCESM1 is poised to be a vital community resource for ongoing model development with both modern and paleoclimate applications.
Children Have an Increased Risk of Periorbital Dog Bite Injuries.

Purpose Dog bites to the head, neck, and face (HNF) disproportionately affect children. It is unclear if specific facial regions are uniquely at risk in this population. Both the periorbital region and the central target area (CTA; nose, lips, and cheeks) have been proposed as being at increased risk. This study addressed the following question: Among individuals sustaining a dog bite injury to the HNF, are children, when compared with adults, at greater risk of injury to the periorbital region or CTA? Patients and Methods Using a retrospective cohort design, we enrolled a sample composed of patients presenting with HNF dog bite injuries. The predictor variable was age category: pediatric or adult (≥18 years). The primary outcome variable was injury location: isolated periorbital, isolated CTA, both periorbital and CTA, or other HNF location (neither periorbital nor CTA). Other variables included specific facial structures injured, demographic characteristics, injury circumstances, and clinical course. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were calculated. Results The sample consisted of 183 pediatric (58.5%) and 130 adult (41.5%) patients. Isolated periorbital injuries were more common in the pediatric group (relative risk [RR], 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3 to 3.7]; P = .003), as was injury to both periorbital and CTA regions (RR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2 to 3.5]; P = .01). Isolated CTA injury was the most common injury pattern overall in both children and adults, but children were at significantly less risk than adults (RR, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9]; P = .002). Children were also less likely to sustain an injury to other HNF regions (RR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.3 to 0.97]; P = .038). Conclusions Children were twice as likely as adults to incur a periorbital dog bite, but no such increased risk was observed for the CTA. This may reflect unique anatomic risks in children or targeting of their eyes by attacking dogs, contributing to higher rates of HNF injury in this population. Public health measures should recommend against children being at eye level with dogs, even if familiar or under adult supervision.
EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE SYNTHETIC MATERIALS IN REPLICATION OF SOFT TISSUE DENSITY TO AID STANDARDIZATION IN CBCT BASED EX VIVO STUDIES

Background With a significant increase in the use of imaging in dentistry, several proof of concept studies are being done before embarking on larger-scale studies. Most studies that use ionizing radiation have to be very carefully vetted before conducting a larger sample study and would require simulation of a live human tissue and clinical environment to the best possible extent. There is a significant increase in the number of studies being done with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and researchers have struggled with standardization of materials that best simulate the same density of tissues in a patient. Although hard tissue, with the use of dry skulls, is less challenging to simulate, soft tissue often poses a major challenge. Objective(s) The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of multiple materials to best simulate soft tissue density, as measured by pixel intensity values on CBCT scans. Study Design Four different materials—boxing wax, utility wax strips, cotton rolls, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymer—were imaged using the Morita Accuitomo CBCT scanner at 88 kVp and 10 mA. The pixel values were compared with the values of soft tissue, check, lip, and tongue. Using axial, sagittal, and coronal views, 50 different points were measured for each material. Image evaluations were done using a CBCT reconstruction program, InVivoDental Version:5.3 (Anatomage Inc., San Jose, CA) to determine the pixel values. Results All 4 materials showed comparable pixel values. The mean values were 186, –16, – 25, and –565 for MMA polymer, boxing wax, utility wax, and cotton rolls, respectively. For the control group, the mean values were –28, 58, 73, and 26 for lips, tongue, check soft tissue, and water, respectively. Discussion/Conclusions All the evaluated material had comparative pixel values. Future studies evaluating other materials and different CBCT machines could help in standardization for soft tissue simulation.
The effect of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) on OT in a pediatric clinic

Date Presented 04/05/19 Children can display maladaptive behaviors (MB) during OT sessions. MB hinder progress to goal attainment. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a cost-effective method to mitigate MB. Children's behaviors during OT sessions with and without a therapy dog were compared using qualitative and quantitative measures. Children remained on-task longer during sessions with a dog than without a dog. Additionally, therapists described positive effects from AAT during OT sessions. Primary Author and Speaker: Nicole Huang Contributing Authors: Regina Abel, Lindsay Mouradian, Sonya Steckler
Examining Cumulative Inequality in the Association Between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Body Mass Index From Midlife to Old Age.

Author(s): Lee, Chioun; Park, Soojin | Abstract: ObjectivesSocioeconomic status (SES) is among the strongest determinants of body mass index (BMI), particularly for women. For older populations, selection bias due to attrition is a large barrier to assessing the accumulation of inequality. Under multiple missing data mechanisms, we investigated the extent to which childhood and midlife SES affects BMI from midlife to old age and gender differences in the association.MethodData come from a longitudinal national study of 2,345 U.S. adults aged 40-54 at baseline. We used latent growth models to estimate BMI trajectory over a period of 20 years. We examined results under different missing data patterns and applied methods that account for nonrandom-selection bias.ResultsCompared with individuals who had higher childhood SES, individuals who had lower childhood SES have higher BMI in midlife and experience a faster increase in BMI between midlife and old age. The observed associations remain significant even after controlling for midlife SES. After addressing nonrandom selection, the gap in BMI between high and low childhood SES widens from midlife to old age for women.DiscussionThe findings provide new evidence of cumulative inequality among older adults, documenting increasing BMI inequality from midlife to old age, particularly for women from low-SES families.
PSVI-37 Effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and selected feed additives on viability and tight junction integrity of IPEC-J2 cells

Intestinal epithelial cells represent the frontline of host defense against invasion by enteric pathogens and uptake of potentially harmful substances. Mycotoxins are deleterious feed contaminants routinely found in cereal grains used in livestock feed. Development of strategies to eliminate mycotoxins and mitigate their harmful effects on the animal is of major importance to the livestock industry. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), a common mycotoxin contaminant, and selected prebiotic, probiotic, and essential oil blended feed additives, on viability and integrity in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). IPEC-J2 cells were grown on either plastic or semipermeable membranes until 100% confluence and treated with DON (12.5 uM) with or without additives (0.01 mg/mL Biolex® and 0.0001 mg/mL Encinnate®, Biomatrix Inc.) Use of DON at 12.5 uM decreased the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) by 37.5% compared to control, and led to 88.7% increase in FITC-dextran permeability after 3 days of culture, but with no negative effects on cell viability. The decrease in TEER by DON was minimized in the presence of Biolex (22.2%) and Encinnate (20.5%) relative to control. Treatment with DON also decreased the mRNA (24.0%) and protein abundance (64.4%) of claudin 3 and this was partially reversed by the additives, 11.5 and 11.0% decrease for claudin 3 mRNA and 58.7 and 56.7% decrease for the protein relative to control for Biolex and Encinnate, respectively. In summary, DON led to impaired epithelial tight junction integrity and this was partially rescued by the additives tested.
ICD-10-CM-Based Definitions for Emergency Department Opioid Poisoning Surveillance: Electronic Health Record Case Confirmation Study.

Objectives:Valid opioid poisoning morbidity definitions are essential to the accuracy of national surveillance. The goal of our study was to estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) of case def...
Transplant Center Variability in Organ Offer Acceptance and Mortality Among US Patients on the Heart Transplant Waitlist.

Importance Under the current Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services guidelines, there is incentivization to optimize posttransplant outcomes regardless of mortality among patients on the waitlist and transplant rates; few data exist with regard to transplant center acceptance practices and survival to heart transplant. Objectives To evaluate the extent of variability in organ acceptance practices in the US and whether this center-level behavior is associated with heart transplant candidate survival. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective cohort study, the US National Transplant Registry was queried for all match runs of adult candidates listed for isolated heart transplant between May 1, 2007, and March 31, 2017. Data analysis was conducted from October 30, 2018, to May 1, 2019. The final cohort included 93 transplant centers, 19 703 donors, and 9628 candidates. Main Outcomes and Measures Center acceptance rates for heart allografts offered to the highest-priority candidates, association between center acceptance rate and mortality among patients on the waitlist, and posttransplant outcomes between candidates who accepted their first-rank offers vs those who accepted previously declined offers. Results Among 19 703 unique organ offers, 6302 hearts (32.0%) were accepted for first-rank candidates. After adjustment for donor, candidate, and geographic covariates, transplant centers varied in acceptance rates (12.3%-61.5%) of offers made to first-rank candidates. Higher acceptance rates were associated with lower cumulative incidence of 1-year mortality among patients on the waitlist. For every 10% increase in adjusted center acceptance rate, the risk of mortality decreased by 27% (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67-0.80). No statistically significant difference was observed in 5-year adjusted posttransplant patient survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94-1.11) and graft failure (subdistribution hazard ratio; 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83-1.09) between hearts accepted at the first-rank compared with lower-rank positions. Conclusions and Relevance Variability in heart allograft acceptance rates appears to exist among transplant centers, with candidates listed at lower acceptance rate centers being more likely to experience mortality while on the waitlist. Comparable posttransplant survival suggests that allografts that were declined as a first offer perform as well as those that were accepted at their first offer. These findings suggest that organ acceptance rate or time to transplant from being added to the waitlist may be an additional measure of heart transplant program performance.
A little SNP of this, a little SNP of that: The discovery of 116 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to enable the rapid identification of individual Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

We developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to support a genetics-based capture-mark-recapture (CMR) project implemented for the management of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Using a combination of Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) and genome resequencing, 57,504 single nucleotide variants were identified from Pacific walrus DNA. RADSeq was performed on genomic DNA from 192 walruses (63 males; 94 females; 35 unknown sex) whereas genome resequencing was performed on 41 individual walruses (21 males, 20 females). All read mappings were subjected to quality-based variant detection and screened for SNPs. These efforts generated a pool of 909 putative SNPs from which 217 unique TaqMan® assays were developed for validation. Ultimately, 116 validated, biallelic SNPs were combined to create a genetic tag for identifying individual walrus during the multi-year CMR project. Conversion to a 116-SNP TaqMan® OpenArray® enabled use of a high-throughput genotyping qPCR platform, which expedited accurate discrimination of individual walrus and reduced the probability of genotyping errors, thereby providing improved resolution for assessing the size and demographic rates of this population.
Multimedia Research for Response and Management of COVID-19 and Future Pandemics

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been affecting most of the countries and impacting almost every aspect of people's lives. More than one hundred million confirmed cases and two million deaths have been reported due to COVID-19 as of February 2021. While our society suffers an unanticipated epidemic, researchers and engineers have developed various technologies to manage this global emergency. Specifically, multimedia tools, techniques, and applications have been developed and played essential roles in facilitating the recovery, resilience, and management of COVID-19, including pandemic status monitoring and impact prediction, enhancing public awareness and telehealth, etc. However, there are many challenges that require further investigation and research to better manage COVID-19 and prepare for future pandemics.
Information seeking behaviors of environmental journalists

Journalists and librarians share a common goal of providing information to the public, yet very little is known about how journalists’ information seeking behavior intersects with libraries. This c...
Examination of the reliability and feasibility of two smartphone applications to assess executive functioning in racially diverse older adults.

Inclusion of Black participants in clinical research is a national priority. Mobile applications and remote data collection may increase study access for diverse populations. This study examined th...
Addiction in Patients With Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities

Addiction is complex and multifactorial. Recognition provides the opportunity to provide potentially life-saving treatment. Oncology patients are not excluded from substance use disorders (SUDs) and the opioid epidemic. Patients with current or past SUDs may develop cancer, and an SUD may also develop during cancer treatment. Therefore, this unique subset of patients potentially has two fatal diseases: cancer and an SUD. Most oncology advanced practitioners (APs) are unprepared to care for SUDs in patients with cancer. Pain is one of the most common symptoms in the cancer population, and cancer-related pain is often treated with opioids. Opioid exposure increases the risk of developing an opioid use disorder (OUD). In addition, a cancer diagnosis can have a significant impact on mental health and wellness, and patients may use substances to cope with psychological distress. Drug and alcohol use exists on a continuum and while not all use is problematic, it may have adverse consequences. A cancer diagnosis provides another possibility for patients to engage in services and treatment for their unsafe use and/or addiction. The case study in this article of a patient with cancer and an SUD is an example of the challenges associated with the chronic and relapsing nature of addiction. Oncology advanced practitioners have the opportunity to positively influence outcomes through the assessment of substance use and adoption of harm reduction techniques in all patients with cancer.
Millimeter-wave electromagnetic monitoring for liquid metal droplet-on-demand printing

As new printing approaches emerge, in situ diagnostics to monitor the print quality in real-time become essential for long-term monitoring and feedback control. In this article, we present a millimeter-wave electromagnetic monitoring approach for liquid metal droplet-on-demand printing to support the high-speed and real-time evaluation of droplet ejection. An open-ended rectangular waveguide is placed perpendicular to a jetted droplet stream and operated at a continuous-wave frequency of 40 GHz. Liquid metal droplets with diameters as low as 1.2 mm are characterized, and droplet jetting events on the order of 500 μm are detected at ejection rates up to 80 Hz. The measured results demonstrate that trends at the macro-level (large-scale print variation and anomalies at the nozzle tip) as well as micro-level (droplet size, position, and dynamics) can be detected using this technique.