cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon Fiducial Image Guidance Increases the Accuracy of Lumpectomy Cavity Localization in Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer

Abstract Purpose We investigated the feasibility and accuracy of using carbon fiducials to localize the lumpectomy cavity with 2-dimensional kV imaging for early stage breast cancer radiation therapy. Methods and Materials Carbon fiducials were placed intraoperatively in the periphery of the lumpectomy cavity. Nine patients received whole breast irradiation with a boost, and 2 patients received 3-dimensional conformal partial breast irradiation. A total of 89 fractions were assessed for setup errors relative to a predefined gold standard, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) match to the lumpectomy cavity, using the following 4 setup methods: (1) Align skin tattoos with lasers; (2) match bone with 2-dimensional–2-dimensional (2D/2D) kV onboard imaging (OBI); (3) match the whole breast with CBCT; and (4) match carbon fiducials with 2D/2D kV OBI. The margin for the planning target volume (PTV) was calculated by 2 standard deviations of the setup errors, and compared among the 4 setup methods. Setup errors for patients treated with free breathing and patients with deep inspiration breath hold were also compared. Results The carbon fiducials were sufficiently visible on OBI for matching and introduced minimal artifacts. Of the 4 alignment methods, 2D/2D OBI match to fiducials resulted in the smallest setup errors. The PTV margin was 12 mm for aligning skin tattoos using lasers, 9.2 mm for matching bone on OBI, 6.5 mm for matching breast on CBCT, and 3.5 mm for matching fiducials on 2D/2D OBI. Compared with free breathing, deep inspiration breath hold generally reduced the standard deviations of the setup errors, but further investigation would be needed. Conclusions Matching to carbon fiducials increased the localization accuracy to the lumpectomy cavity. This reduces residual setup error and PTV margins, facilitating tissue sparing without diminishing treatment efficacy.
Causes of Central Vertigo

Central vertigo is vertigo that arises due to an abnormality in the central nervous system (CNS). Traditionally, and on some anatomic and functional grounds, the vestibular system and by implication the causes of vertigo have been divided into the central and peripheral subcategories. Peripheral causes of vertigo involve the semicircular canal and saccule/ utricle. Central causes of vertigo are primarily located in the brainstem and the 8th nerve. This is not surprising given the centrality of connections from the peripheral system that relay in the brainstem including postural control, eye movements, spinal reflexes, and the adjacent cerebellum with which it connects intimately.
Design and fabrication of a linear broadband non-reciprocal acoustic waveguide using feedforward control

Acoustic metamaterials that exhibit non-reciprocal transmission have received substantial attention due to their wide range of applications such as noise control, diagnostic imaging, communications, and acoustic cloaking. Passive metamaterials achieve non-reciprocity through system resonances combined with nonlinearities or manipulation of phononic bandgap and are usually effective over a narrow band of frequencies. In this study, we describe the development of a new class of acoustic waveguides that exhibit linear non-reciprocal sound transmission over a wide range of frequencies. We use an open loop feedforward control mechanism where the measured local pressure is passed through an electronic controller and transmitted downstream to actuate an acoustic source. Analysis of the idealized one-dimensional model with a continuous distribution of probes and sources shows spatial asymmetry with attenuation in one direction and amplification in the other for frequencies ranging from one-half to five times the ratio of the active length of the segment to the acoustic wavelength. We show that such behavior can be replicated in a physical system with a finite array of acoustic probes and sources and develop the framework to compute the stability of this class of active waveguides. The experimental results for a simple feedforward model system are presented.
Lanthanide triflate catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions: stereoselective synthesis of indenoisoxazolidines

Abstract Substituted indenones reacted smoothly with a variety of in situ generated nitrones in the presence of lanthanide triflates to give exclusive exo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition products in high yield. Judicious choice of the nitrone substituents allowed for further modification of the indenoisoxazolidine core to the corresponding indenoisoxazoline and indenoisoxazole analogs in high yield.
Robust Formation of Ultrasmall Room-Temperature Neél Skyrmions in Amorphous Ferrimagnets from Atomistic Simulations.

Neel skyrmions originate from interfacial Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction (DMI). Recent studies have explored using thin-film ferromagnets and ferrimagnets to host Neel skyrmions for spintronic applications. However, it is unclear if ultrasmall (10 nm or less) skyrmions can ever be stabilized at room temperature for practical use in high density parallel racetrack memories. While thicker films can improve stability, DMI decays rapidly away from the interface. As such, spins far away from the interface would experience near-zero DMI, raising question on whether or not unrealistically large DMI is needed to stabilize skyrmions, and whether skyrmions will also collapse away from the interface. To address these questions, we have employed atomistic stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations to investigate skyrmions in amorphous ferrimagnetic GdCo. It is revealed that a significant reduction in DMI below that of Pt is sufficient to stabilize ultrasmall skyrmions even in films as thick as 15 nm. Moreover, skyrmions are found to retain a uniform columnar shape across the film thickness due to the long ferrimagnetic exchange length despite the decaying DMI. Our results show that increasing thickness and reducing DMI in GdCo can further reduce the size of skyrmions at room temperature, which is crucial to improve the density and energy efficiency in skyrmion based devices.
(Invited) Impact of Mesoscale Morphology on Electrode Performance through Multi-Physics Simulations

While lithium-ion battery electrodes are manufactured in large-scale, high-speed, roll-to-roll manufacturing processes, it is the morphology of the particle and conductive binder structures that greatly affect macroscale properties and can vary significantly as a function of manufacturing conditions. This relationship is particularly true in the extremely fast (dis)charge environments relevant for electrification of our vehicle fleet, where the short time scales probe ever smaller length scales and increase the impact of ionic and charge transport limitations. To explore the process-structure-property relationship, we employ mesoscale finite element simulations of the three-phase particle-conductive binder-electrolyte composite of NMC cathodes. Particle and conductive binder domain mesostructures are derived from both x-ray computed tomography imaging and simulated using discrete element methods. The Conformal Decomposition Finite Element Method is applied to create conformal three-phase finite element discretizations of these mesostructures. Effective properties including electrical conductivity, tortuosity, and mechanical modulus are calculated and compared to experimentally measured values. Coupled electrochemical-mechanical simulations of cathode discharge are performed and validated against half-cell experimental data. We focus on how the conductive binder domain morphology affects electrode performance. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
The Mechanics of the Bicycle Pedal Photoisomerization in Crystalline cis,cis-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene

Direct irradiation of crystalline cis,cis-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (cc-DPB) forms trans,trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3,-butadiene via a concerted two-bond isomerization called the bicycle pedal (BP) mech...
Artificial Intelligence in Cardiac Management

Cardiac disease is reported to be one of the leading causes of death across the globe. There has been an increasing demand to develop novel techniques and strategies to uplift the existing cardiac disease management. In recent usage of artificial intelligence has created an enormous impact globally; it has also been exploited in the health care domain. It is majorly used in the diagnosis and management of diseases. There has been extensive research to tap different health care applications using artificial intelligence tools. Based on this, there are comprehensive scientific studies on the management of cardiac disease using various tools. Hence the present research focuses on implementing artificial intelligence principles to manage and control the cardiac condition.
Destin, Design, Dasein: Lacan, Derrida and "The Purloined Letter

FOR THE SECOND TIME in the rich history of Franco American misunderstanding, Edgar Allan Poe is becoming, in France, one of the most important American writers. Since cultural anger and ironical puzzlement are likely to be as strident in American Academe as they have been over the last century at Baudelaire's and Mallarm?'s supposed blindness to Poe's vulgarity, I wish to emphasize at once that the new recognition of Poe situates itself on a radically non-aesthetic plane. If Poe has become so meaningful to contemporary French criticism, it is because his texts respond admirably to the new questions addressed to literature from the whole gamut of French con temporary thought. What is perhaps difficult to realize, here in America, is that in the list of contemporary writers and critics who write about or around Poe, we find practically all the major names: Poulet, Ba chelard, Ricardou, Todorov, Genette, Barthes, Lacan and Derrida. One of Poe 's texts?"The Purloined Letter"?has become the arena where one of the fundamental debates of contemporary criticism is being held. Do not however, be worried: I am not going to give a talk about Poe. I know better than that: I have learnt that when one wants
Cellular remodeling of depopulated bovine ureter used as an arteriovenous graft in the canine model.

Abstract Background One of the greatest challenges in hemodialysis access surgery is improving the durability of prosthetic grafts caused by structural deterioration. The depopulated bovine ureter SynerGraft (SG) (CryoLife, Inc) is a tissue-engineered vascular graft processed to remove the xenograft cells while maintaining an unfixed connective tissue matrix capable of autologous cell repopulation by the recipient. Study design Nineteen 6-mm diameter bovine ureter SG conduits were implanted in 12 dogs as arteriovenous grafts between the carotid artery and jugular vein (n = 11) or between the femoral artery and vein (n = 8). Performance of these biologic conduits was compared with that of 15 IMPRA (Bard) ePTFE grafts implanted in 9 dogs, including 9 arteriovenous grafts between the carotid artery and jugular vein and 6 femoral artery to femoral vein grafts. After 14 days, the grafts were accessed once weekly. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on grafts explanted between 10 to 60 weeks. Results The 6- and 12-month primary patency rates of the bovine SG were 72.6% and 58.6%, respectively, compared with 6- and 12-month primary patency for ePTFE conduits of 57.4% and 57.4%, respectively. None of the bovine SG grafts became infected, but synthetic conduits became infected within 54 days of implantation. At 10 weeks, bovine ureter SG conduit showed fibroblast cell migration and proliferation with incorporation into the surrounding subcutaneous tissue, and elongated cells expressing the contractile protein smooth muscle actin were also observed. After 24 weeks, procollagen synthesis was demonstrated in the fully colonized graft matrix. The ePTFE grafts had no evidence of cellular ingrowth and an absence of endothelium. Conclusions The bovine SG was appropriately remodeled to its host environment through an organized process of recellularization and neovascularization. The absence of infection, similar patency rates, and cell repopulation of the matrix warrant further investigation.
Operation of a Fluorinert/sup TM/ cooling system for the toroidal field coils on TFTR

An alternate cooling fluid (Fluorinert/sup TM/) was introduced during the D-T experimental runs for cooling the toroidal field (TF) coils on TFTR. This paper addresses how this system performed during the D-T operational period and the special techniques that the alternate cooling system requires for operations and maintenance. Radiation from neutron activation of Fluorinert/sup TM/ (fluorine 18 etc) and associated personnel safety issues and safeguards are discussed. Flow reversal in the TF Coils has proven to be a valuable mechanism by which any loose particulates can be cleared from the coolant passages and the development of this operational tool is addressed. Specific draining procedures for the TF Coils have been developed during the D-T run in order to minimize losses of fluid. The toroidal field coil operational characteristics with Fluorinert/sup TM/ are compared to those previously observed with water cooling.
How to fool cosmic microwave background parameter estimation

With the release of the data from the Boomerang and MAXIMA-1 balloon flights, estimates of cosmological parameters based on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have reached unprecedented precision. In this paper I show that it is possible for these estimates to be substantially biased by features in the primordial density power spectrum. I construct primordial power spectra which mimic to within cosmic variance errors the effect of changing parameters such as the baryon density and neutrino mass, meaning that even an ideal measurement would be unable to resolve the degeneracy. Complementary measurements are necessary to resolve this ambiguity in parameter estimation efforts based on CMB temperature fluctuations alone.
An Improved Grammatical Evolution Strategy for Hierarchical Petri Net Modeling of Complex Genetic Systems

DNA sequence variations impact human health through a hierarchy of biochemical and physiological systems. Understanding the hierarchical relationships in the genotype-phenotype mapping is expected to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of common, complex human diseases. We previously developed a hierarchical dynamic systems approach based on Petri nets for generating biochemical network models that are consistent with genetic models of disease susceptibility. This strategy uses an evolutionary computation approach called grammatical evolution for symbolic manipulation and optimization of Petri net models. We previously demonstrated that this approach routinely identifies biochemical network models that are consistent with a variety of complex genetic models in which disease susceptibility is determined by nonlinear interactions between two DNA sequence variations. However, the modeling strategy was generally not successful when extended to modeling nonlinear interactions between three DNA sequence variations. In the present study, we evaluate a modified grammar for building Petri net models of biochemical systems that are consistent with high-order genetic models of disease susceptibility. The results indicate that our hierarchical model-building approach is capable of identifying perfect Petri net models when an appropriate grammar is used.
Predicting Random Effects in Group Randomized Trials

The main objective in a group-randomized trial is a comparison between treatments. Often, there is interest in the expected response for a particular group receiving a treatment. Since a random sample of groups is included in the trial, the parameter for such a group is represented as a random effect. In this context, predicting the expected response for a group requires predicting a random effect. We review proposed solutions to this problem focusing on differences in the model assumptions in a simple setting. We conclude that while popular computing solutions exist, fundamental open questions remain that impact interpretation. Keywords: mixed models; random effects; variance components; superpopulation models; model based; design based; Bayesian estimation; empirical Bayes
Online Video Textures Generation

In this paper, we propose two different online approaches for synthesizing video textures. The first approach is through incremental Isomap and Autoregressive (AR) process. It can generate good quality results, nonetheless, it does not extend well for videos that are more sparse, such as cartoons. Our second online video texture generation approach exploits incremental spatio-temporal Isomap (IST-Isomap) and AR process. This second approach can provide more efficient and better quality results for sparse videos than the first approach. Here, the IST-Isomap, which we proposed, is an extension of spatio-temporal Isomap (ST-Isomap) and incremental Isomap. It contains spatio-temporal coherence in the data set and can also be applied in an incremental mode. Compared with other video texture generation approaches, both of our online approaches are able to synthesize new video textures incrementally which in turn offer advantages (e.g. faster and more efficient) in applications where data are sequentially obtained.
A Generalized Model for the Radiolysis of Groundwaters: Bicarbonate Chemistry and Influences

A groundwater radiolysis model has been developed at Battelle-Columbus which is applicable to groundwaters containing bicarbonate species. The model consists of a chemical mechanism which describes interactions between groundwater species and radiolytic species. Due to the chemical kinetics nature of the model, elementary reactions can be added to extend its range of applicability to other groundwaters. This paper describes the chemical kinetics and influences of bicarbonate species in the model.
A comparison of modern and historical methods for calculating Montgomery steamfunction

The suggestion has been made that the Montgomery streamfunction is now calculable for isentropic analysis purposes simply by applying the equation Ψ = gZ + cpT. Historically, this practice has been frowned upon, as measurements aloft did not have the accuracy requisite to allow such practice. Instead, an integral approach to calculating Ψ has been preferred to get workable values. Yet, advancements in the accuracy of radiosonde measurements have occurred, especially with global positioning system (GPS)-verified height data. Herein, we show that the values from the simple and integral methods of getting Ψ are very similar, and differ by only ∼0.2%. © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Stereospecific synthesis of (Z,Z)-3,5-tetradecadienoic acid, a component ofAttagenus elongatulus (Casey) pheromone.

A simple stereospecific synthesis of (Z,Z)-3,5-tetradecadienoic acid is described based upon coupling of 1-decyne and 3-butyn-1-ol to give 3,5-tetradecadiyn-1-ol. Subsequent reduction of the diyne to (Z,Z)-3,5-tetradecadien-1-ol and oxidation of the dienol gave the desired acid.Attagenus elongatulus were strongly attracted to the pure acid.
Numerical analysis of fibre bridging and fatigue crack growth in metal matrix composite materials

The analysis of bridged crack configurations in unidirectional fibre-reinforced composites is relevant to a variety of crack growth problems, including the fatigue of metal matrix composites and the study of fibre failure in the wake of a bridged matrix crack. Details of numerical procedures for predicting fibre stresses and their effect on crack tip stress intensity factors are presented here to provide a useful overview of how standard bridging calculations are done. Results are presented and discussed in the context of predicting fatigue crack growth with fibre failure in metal matrix composites.
A complex glutathione transferase gene family in the housefly Musca domestica

In most metazoans, the glutathione S-transferases (GST) are encoded by gene families, and are used to detoxify xenobiotics. We describe the structure of genomic loci coding for the GSTs in the housefly that have been implicated, by both genetic and biochemical means, in mediating insecticide resistance. In earlier work, we showed that one of the theta-class enzymes, MdGST-3, is overproduced in resistant flies and degrades certain insecticides. We used a fragment from a cDNA clone of MdGST-3 as a probe to screen a housefly genomic DNA bank in phage λ. This probe detected multiple gst loci. Genes for GSTs were found in five different, nonoverlapping λ clones, three of which carry multiple, closely linked gsts. Multiple genes for both MdGST-3 and MdGST-4 were found; some of which have introns in their 5′ untranslated regions. In adults, the only MdGST-3 enzymes that are expressed are encoded by the intron-free genes. A new theta-class GST (called MdGST-5) was also discovered. Fusion genes comprising 5′ MdGST-3 sequences and either MdGST-4 or MdGST-5 sequences in their 3′ halves were encountered at three separate loci. The genes described here are found in both the ancestral sensitive strain and the insecticide-resistant strains.
Dexmedetomidine-induced sedation does not mimic the neurobehavioral phenotypes of sleep in Sprague Dawley rat.

Study objectives Dexmedetomidine is used clinically to induce states of sedation that have been described as homologous to nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. A better understanding of the similarities and differences between NREM sleep and dexmedetomidine-induced sedation is essential for efforts to clarify the relationship between these two states. This study tested the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine-induced sedation is homologous to sleep. Design This study used between-groups and within-groups designs. Setting University of Michigan. Participants Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40). Interventions Independent variables were administration of dexmedetomidine and saline or Ringer's solution (control). Dependent variables included time spent in states of wakefulness, sleep, and sedation, electroencephalographic (EEG) power, adenosine levels in the substantia innominata (SI), and activation of pCREB and c-Fos in sleep related forebrain regions. Measurements and results Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased time spent in wakefulness (-49%), increased duration of sedation (1995%), increased EEG delta power (546%), and eliminated the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep for 16 h. Sedation was followed by a rebound increase in NREM and REM sleep. Systemically administered dexmedetomidine significantly decreased (-39%) SI adenosine levels. Dialysis delivery of dexmedetomidine into SI did not decrease adenosine level. Systemic delivery of dexmedetomidine did not alter c-Fos or pCREB expression in the horizontal diagonal band, or ventrolateral, median, and medial preoptic areas of the hypothalamus. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine significantly altered normal sleep phenotypes, and the dexmedetomidine-induced state did not compensate for sleep need. Thus, in the Sprague Dawley rat, dexmedetomidine-induced sedation is characterized by behavioral, electrographic, and immunohistochemical phenotypes that are distinctly different from similar measures obtained during sleep.
Defying circadian rhythm: The emergency nurse and the night shift

Abstract The human body cannot change its preprogramming to meet the demands of working the night shift for a period of years. The effects are devastating to women and have been proven to shorten their life expectancy. Although the human body cannot change to meet society's demands of nighttime employment, society can change its expectations to better accommodate women who work the night shift. Nurses play a vital role in the resolution of this situation in a variety of settings. For my own health and welfare, I have already begun to follow the recommendations learned through the literature review and research of this article. My sleep time has always been guarded carefully, although I am more committed to that now. I am no longer bashful when scheduling appointments and meetings with those who function on a daytime schedule. I have modified my diet to be better balanced and have initiated a regular pattern of exercise. The statistics cited have alarmed my family, who are now more protective than ever of my night schedule and subsequent needs. I am able to advocate for the nurses that I work with, by sharing information with them. Many have worked nights for extended periods of time and are very interested in the facts from the literature. My colleagues who work in management positions are curious as to what I have found in the literature search and have obtained copies of the articles I reviewed to assist in the maintenance and scheduling within their own departments. They, too, are challenged to discover a healthier way to cover the needs of each department and maintain a healthy atmosphere for their staff.
Virus infection of culturable Chlorella-like algae and development of a plaque assay

Four distinct viruses with double-stranded DNA are known to replicate in Chlorella-like algae symbiotic with hydras and paramecia. An attempt was made to infect a number of cultured Chlorella strains derived from invertebrate hosts with these viruses. One of the viruses, PBCV-1, replicated in two of the algal strains. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral DNA showed that the infectious progeny virus was identical to the input virus; thus, Koch's postulates were fulfilled. Viral infection of the two Chlorella strains has allowed the large-scale production of a eukaryotic algal virus and the development of a plaque assay for the virus.
Differences in the Single-stranded DNA Binding Activities of MCM2-7 and MCM467 MCM2 AND MCM5 DEFINE A SLOW ATP-DEPENDENT STEP

The MCM2-7 complex, a hexamer containing six distinct and essential subunits, is postulated to be the eukaryotic replicative DNA helicase. Although all six subunits function at the replication fork, only a specific subcomplex consisting of the MCM4, 6, and 7 subunits (MCM467) and not the MCM2-7 complex exhibits DNA helicase activity in vitro. To understand why MCM2-7 lacks helicase activity and to address the possible function of the MCM2, 3, and 5 subunits, we have compared the biochemical properties of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM2-7 and MCM467 complexes. We demonstrate that both complexes are toroidal and possess a similar ATP-dependent single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding activity, indicating that the lack of helicase activity by MCM2-7 is not due to ineffective ssDNA binding. We identify two important differences between them. MCM467 binds dsDNA better than MCM2-7. In addition, we find that the rate of MCM2-7/ssDNA association is slow compared with MCM467; the association rate can be dramatically increased either by preincubation with ATP or by inclusion of mutations that ablate the MCM2/5 active site. We propose that the DNA binding differences between MCM2-7 and MCM467 correspond to a conformational change at the MCM2/5 active site with putative regulatory significance.
High-performance liquid chromatography of some substituted fluorenes

Abstract High-performance liquid chromatographic studies of a series of fluorenes substituted at positions 2-, 2,7-, and 2,5-, were carried out in the normal- and reversed-phase partition and adsorption modes of liquid chromatography. The capacity ratios for these derivatives have been determined using UV detection as a monitor, and the observed behavior of the derivatives has been discussed. Studies in reversed-phase mode were carried out using two columns which differed from each other in the extent of carbon loading. An appropriate choice of solvents allowed reversed-phase columns to be used as deactivated silica adsorption columns, and a normal partition column to be used in the reversed-phase mode. Several different chromatograms have been included which illustrate some typical separations of the fluorene compounds that have been carried out.
Saturated phosphatidylcholine secretion and the effect of natural surfactant on premature and term lambs ventilated for 2 days.

Lambs prematurely delivered by cesarean section and term lambs were supported on ventilators and studied over a period of 2 days. Sequential measurements of ventilatory requirements, lung compliance, and arterial pH, pO2, and pCO2 values documented the course of the lung disease. In five premature lambs the pCO2 increased to 77 ± 5 mm Hg (mean ± SE) by 40.5 ± 3.1 hr of age, at which time treatment with 50 mg natural sheep surfactant lipid/kg body weight by tracheal instillation resulted in improvements in pH, pO2, and pCO2 measurements. Radiolabeled palmitic acid was injected systemically after birth to detect the appearance of endogenously synthesized and secreted saturated phosphatidylcholine in sequential airway samples. Radiolabeled saturated phosphatidylcholine specific activity increased in a relatively linear fashion for about 30 hr in lambs treated with natural surfactant, in untreated premature lambs, and in term lambs. The study demonstrates that surfactant therapy can improve the ventilatory st...
Peak expiratory flow in normals: comparison of the mini Wright versus spirometric predicted peak flows.

Objectives. U.S. prediction equation estimated peak flows were obtained spirometrically and may not correctly predict actual peak flows that are obtained using a peak flow meter. The purpose of this investigation was to compare actual Mini Wright peak flows in normal volunteers as compared with spirometric predicted values to determine whether they are similar. Methods. Nonsmoking, nonobese adult volunteers with no history of lung disease underwent peak flow testing with an American Thoracic Society (ATS) Mini Wright peak flow meter. All subjects did three peak flows by taking a maximal deep breath and expiring as hard and fast as possible while in the standing position. The best of three efforts was taken as the peak flow value for analysis and compared with prediction equation estimates. The paired t test compared differences between actual and predicted values. The concordance correlation coefficient evaluated whether the actual peak flows were interchangeable with predicted. Results. Seventy-two volun...
Hydrothermal alteration in the core of the Yaxcopoil‐1 borehole, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico

Petrographic, electron microprobe, and Raman spectrometric analyses of Yaxcopoil-1 core samples from the Chicxulub crater indicate that the impact generated a hydrothermal system. Relative textural and vein crosscutting relations and systematic distribution of alteration products reveal a progression of the hydrothermal event in space and time and provide constraints on the nature of the fluids. The earliest calcite, halite, and gaylussite suggest that the impactite sequence was initially permeated by a low temperature saline brine. Subsequent development of a higher temperature hydrothermal regime is indicated by thermal metamorphic diopside-hedenbergite (Aeg3Fs(18-33)En32 11Wo(47-53)) after primary augite and widespread Na-K for Ca metasomatic alkali exchange in plagioclase. Hydrothermal sphene, apatite, magnetite ± (bornite), as well as early calcite (combined 3 to 8 vol%) were introduced with metasomatic feldspar. A lower temperature regime characterized by smectite after probable primary glass, secondary chlorite, and other pre-existing mafic minerals, as well as very abundant calcite veins and open-space fillings, extensively overprinted the early hydrothermal stage. The composition of early and late hydrothermal minerals show that the solution was chlorine-rich (Cl/F >10) and that its Fe/Mg ratio and oxidation state increased substantially (4 to 5 logO2 units) as temperature decreased through time. The most altered zone in the impactite sequence occurs 30 m above the impact melt.The lack of mineralogical zoning about the impact melt and convective modeling constraints suggest that this unit was too thin at Yaxcopoil-1 to provide the necessary heat to drive fluids and implies that the hydrothermal system resulted from the combined effects of a pre-existing saline brine and heat that traveled to the Yaxcopoil-1 site from adjacent areas where the melt sheet was thicker. Limonite after iron oxides is more common toward the top of the sequence and suggests that the impactite section was subjected to weathering before deposition of the Tertiary marine cover. In addition, scarce latest anatase stringers, chalcopyrite, and barite in vugs, francolite after apatite, and recrystallized halite are the likely products of limited post- ydrothermal ambient-temperature diagenesis, or ocean and/or meteoric water circulation.
Methyl monolayers improve the fracture strength and durability of silicon nanobeams

Monolayer-thick coatings have a significant effect on the fracture strength and durability of 210-nm-thick, smooth (∼0.4nm rms roughness), single crystal silicon nanobeams. The initial Weibull fracture strength of beams terminated with a methyl (CH3) monolayer was 18.2GPa. This strength did not degrade after a 23-day exposure to air. In contrast, beams terminated with a monolayer of hydrogen atoms were initially weaker than methyl-terminated beams, and their strength degraded rapidly in air. After a 23-day air exposure, the strength of H-terminated beams was reduced by at least 30%. Since strength durability is correlated with the oxidation resistance of the monolayers, the degradation of H-terminated beams is attributed to the formation of oxide nuclei that act as local stress concentrators.
DIABETIC COMA WITH MARKED HYPERGLYCEMIA AND RECOVERY: REPORT OF A CASE

Relatively few cases of very marked hyperglycemia in diabetic coma, with recovery, have been published; consequently it seems worthwhile to report a case that we have had opportunity to study. The patient, a man aged 50 years, entered the University of California Hospital on July 31, 1928, in coma. He had had symptoms of diabetes for the previous 18 months, but for the past 6 months a feeling of lassitude and weakness had been steadily increasing. His weight had decreased from 220 pounds to 195 pounds. All his teeth had been extracted just three weeks before entry with the hope of improving not only his general condition but also a neuralgic pain that had recently developed in his right arm. Instead of the anticipated improvement, however, his symptoms increased to such an extent that his vision became blurred and severe restlessness accompanied by mental depression developed. Notwithstanding these danger signals no medical advice was sought, and he finally sank into profound diabetic coma.
A Single-Stage Solar-Powered LED Display Driver Using Power Channel Time Multiplexing Technique

A unified single-stage solar harvester/LED display driver with power channel time multiplexing technique is proposed to achieve simultaneous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and LED current regulation using two control variables. The operation state is automatically selected between power redundant and power hungry states to implement adaptive power steering. The D-hopping technique is proposed to ensure fast LED current recovery during PWM dimming and uninterruptible MPPT and LED powering. This design is fabricated with 0.25-μm CMOS process. The LED current is regulated between 20 and 50 mA with 500-kHz switching frequency. An 85-ns PWM dimming recovery time is achieved. No observable fluctuations are found during the PWM dimming and solar energy available/unavailable transitions.
Fetal t(5p;21q) misdiagnosed as monosomy 21: A plea for in situ hybridization studies

We report a case of 45,XY,-5,-21,+der (5) t(5;21) (p13 or p14;q11.2 or q21) that was prenatally misdiagnosed as complete monosomy 21 and terminated at 24 weeks of gestation. Subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization studies with a chromosome 21 painting probe documented the cryptic unbalanced translocation.
Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of sodium nitrite in Long-Evans rats

Abstract Sodium nitrite administered in the drinking water to Long-Evans rats during pregnancy and lactation severely affected erythropoietic development, growth, and mortality in their offspring. Pregnant rats were maintained throughout gestation on 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 g NaNO2/liter. There were no significant differences between treated and control litters at birth. Thereafter, pups of treated dams on 2 and 3 g NaNO2/liter gained less weight, progressively became severely anemic, and began to die by the third week postpartum. By the second week postpartum, hemoglobin levels, RBC counts, and mean corpuscular volumes of these pups were all drastically reduced compared to controls. Blood smears showed marked anisocytosis and hypochromasia. Gross chylous serum lipemia and fatty liver degeneration were noted. Histopathology demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolization of centrilobular hepatocytes and decreased hematopoiesis in bone marrow and spleen. Administration of 1 g NaNO2/liter resulted in hematological effects but did not affect growth or mortality. NaNO2 (0.5 g/liter) was at or near the no observed effect level. Cross-fostering indicated that treatment during the lactational period was more instrucmental in producing lesions than treatment during the gestational period. The data presented are consistent with the lactational induction of severe iron deficiency in the neonate.
Candidate theories to explain the anomalous spectroscopic signatures of atomic H in molecular H 2 crystals

Quantum solids, where the zero point motion of the atoms is greater than roughly 10% of their separation, form a fascinating class of materials. A principal question with these materials is to what extent they are quantum coherent, and under what conditions they can be supersolid—supporting dissipationless mass flow. Examples of quantum solids include 4He, solid hydrogen, Wigner crystals, and atomic hydrogen defects in solid molecular hydrogen. Here we theoretically study the last system, giving a critical evaluation of scenarios of Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic hydrogen defects. We make testable predictions for these scenarios.
EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE AS FACTORS IN EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

Summary.-Teachers' classroom management and students' work involvement were observed in 32 classrooms, Grades 4 to 6. Teachers with advanced professional education controlled a greater proportion of boundary-related activity in their classrooms. Their classrooms had more work involvement by students, less passive uninvolvement, and less anxiety was reported by students. Over-all, amount of teaching experience was unrelated to measures of classroom boundary management or students' work involvement or reported anxiety. Teachers with more experience at their current grade level did have classrooms with less anxiety. In this setting, systematic feedback or other guidance may be necessary to facilitate the development of more effective performance based on experience. Research on teachers' effectiveness has yielded clear relationships between students' learning and teachers' approaches to organizing instruction and managing the classroom (Brophy, 1979; Medley, 1979). There has been indication, for instance, that teachers can improve their effectiveness if they receive specific recommendations based on observations made in their classrooms (Stallings, 1980). In the typical school setting, however, such specific feedback is not widely available. In this context, the important question remains whether characteristics of teachers can be identified as related to more effective teaching behaviors in the classroom (McNergney & Satterstrom, 1984; Oliver & Taylor, 1980). Direct instruction is instrumental in facilitating students' learning of basic skills (Brophy, 1979). To provide direct instruction, the teacher needs to create an environment that is task-oriented but relaxed (Rosenshine, 1978). To create this sort of environment, the teacher needs skills in several areas, including classroom management (Emmer & Evertson, 198 1). In a prior study the concept of social system boundaries from the sociopsychological theory of organizational behavior (Newton & Levinson, 1973) was used to study problems in classroom management (Morrison, 1979). In upper elementary grades, the highest proportion of students' task involvement was noted in classrooms with low boundary-related activity together with a high proportion of control over such activity by the teacher. This result was obtained at no evident cost to the classroom's social climate
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA ASSAULT ON INDIVIDUALISM AND PROPERTY RIGHTS

This essay examines the far-reaching attack on individualism and property rights which characterized the Progressive Era of the early twentieth century. Scholars and political figures associated with Progressivism criticized the individualist values of classical liberalism and rejected the traditional notion of limited government espoused by the framers of the Constitution. They expressed great confidence in regulatory agencies, staffed by experts, to effectuate policy. Progressives paved the way for the later triumph of statist ideology with the New Deal in the 1930s.The essay traces the sources of the Progressive antipathy to individual rights to the influence of Bismarck’s program in Imperial Germany and the Social Gospel theology. It gives attention to the views of leading Progressive intellectuals who stressed the perceived need for increased governmental power and governance by an educated elite. The essay also explores the impact of Progressivism on constitutional law, arguing that the rise of “sociological jurisprudence,” with its skepticism about courts and stress on judicial deference to legislative judgments, served to advance the Progressive political agenda. Progressives looked with disfavor on any constitutional doctrine which curtailed governmental authority. The Progressive movement left a lasting legacy of diminished regard for individualism and a jurisprudence which stripped property of muscular constitutional protection.
Interpolating varieties for entire functions of minimal type

Abstract We obtain both necessary and sufficient conditions for a discrete variety in C n to be an interpolating variety for entire functions of minimal type.
GOLD BINDING SITES IN RED BLOOD CELLS

Abstract Gold distribution and binding sites in blood and red blood cells (RBCs) have been determined. RBCs were separated from plasma and lysed. The cytosol was separated from membranes which were then solubilized via detergents. Total gold in each fraction was measured via flow injection analysis (FIA) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) detection. Various high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques such as ion-pairing, reversed-phase and size-exclusion chromatography have been applied to RBC samples prepared by incubation with specific compounds and to RBCs from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Preliminary studies of RA patients' samples indicate very different gold uptake into RBCs depending on the particular patient. Size-exclusion chromatography indicates that gold in the lysate is not bound principally to hemoglobin but rather to a significantly higher molecular weight species (about 330 000 Da). Low molecular weight species in the ultrafiltered RBC lysate include the dicyanogold(I) anion and possibly the bis(glutathione)gold(I) complex. Incubation experiments have been designed to measure dicyanogold(I) and gold drug uptake by RBCs. Experiments with 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′- d,l -sulfonic acid (DIDS), an anion channel blocker, indicate that dicyanogold(I) enters the cell by some path other than the anion channel. The inhibition of gold uptake on addition of free cyanide suggests that the loss of cyanide from dicyanogold(I) is important in dicyanogold(I) uptake by RBCs. Given the rapid uptake of dicyanogold(I) and its apparently high tolerance in humans, this material is suggested as a possible therapy in the treatment of AIDS.
Identification and characterization of a mouse cell surface antigen with alternative molecular forms.

We present the characterization of a new mouse cell surface protein, recognized by the 3138-specific monoclonal antibody. The expression of this antigen is predominantly restricted to the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, and thymus. Immunoblot analyses show that the 3138 determinant is present on molecules with different apparent relative masses. The 3138 antigen migrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band of M r 115 000 for normal nonstimulated spleen cells and thymocytes and as two bands of M r 115 000 and M r 125 000 for bone marrow cells and mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. The multiple sizes of the 3138 antigens (isoforms) found on various cell lines are not due to allelic polymorphism, but instead may reflect the specific cell type or reflect the cell's state of activation or maturation. Results from lectin chromatography and N-glycanase and neuraminidase studies suggest that the 3138 antigen is a heavily sialylated O-linked glycoprotein. The unusual features of this antigen indicate that it may be the mouse homologue of the rat W3/13 antigen and the human leukosialin/sialophorin antigens.
Comparison of abrasion model differences in heavy ion fragmentation - Optical versus geometric models

Two different abrasion formalisms, one based on an energy-independent geometric model and the other based on a quantum-mechanical optical model, are shown to yield comparable fragmentation cross section predictions when used as input to an abrasion-ablation frictional-spectator interaction fragmentation calculation which includes electromagnetic dissociation contributions. The results suggest that any dependence upon the incident ion's kinetic energy above 200 MeV/nucleon is weak. It is also noted that the larger surface diffusiveness of the optical model densities only affects nuclear cross sections for near-projectile-mass fragments, while for heavier nuclei, the sizable cross-section contributions from electromagnetic dissociation negate these differences.
Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis: ultrastructural evidence of its biphasic nature.

Two adenomatoid tumors of the epididymis were examined by light and electron microscopy. Epithelial elements were characterized by the presence of a basal lamina investment, gland formation, luminal microvilli, apical junctional complexes, and cytoplasmic tonofibrils. The stromal cells lacked these features and demonstrated marked cytoplasmic elongation, complex cell processes, a more prominent granular endoplasmic reticulum, evidence of phagocytic activity, and an intimate association with the surrounding collagen and elastic fibers. A continuity of cell-to-cell contact between the epithelial and stromal cells was demonstrated along with the presence of cells displaying both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. This evidence of the biphasic nature of the neoplasm is consistent with its presumed mesothelial derivation.