cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct detection of the human papovavirus BK in urine of bone marrow transplant recipients: Comparison of DNA hybridization with ELISA

Urine specimens from bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients and from controls were directly tested for BK virus (BKV) DNA sequences by dot hybridization and for BKV antigen by a double-antibody indirect ELISA. A total of 158 specimens from 55 BMT patients (57 collected prior to or at the time of transplantation and 101 in the posttransplant period) and single urines from 125 control subjects were examined by both methods. A molecularly cloned, 32P-labelled BKV probe was hybridized with urine sediments that were spotted directly on nitrocellulose filters and denatured in situ. BKV DNA sequences were detected in 1 (1.8%) pretransplant and 22 (21.8%) posttransplant urines of BMT patients, and in none of control urines. In ELISA of urine supernatants, BKV antigen was detected in 1 (1.8%) pretransplant and 21 (20.8%) posttransplant urines of BMT patients and in 1 (0.8%) of the control urines. The results of the two tests correlated as follows: 16 urines were positive and 253 urines negative by both methods; seven specimens were positive by DNA hybridization only and seven were positive by ELISA alone. Virus excretion in urine was demonstrated in 20 (36.4%) patients by DNA hybridization, in 19 (34.5%) patients by ELISA, in 15 (27.3%) patients by both methods, and in 24 (44%) patients by at least one of the two tests.
Use of purified amyloglucosidase for the specific determination of total carbohydrate content of rat liver homogenate in a single step.

Abstract In prior studies, we employed a crude amyloglucosidase preparation, in conjunction with glucose oxidase reagent, to determine total carbohydrate in liver and muscle homogenates by a two-step procedure. Glycogen content was determined by subtracting tissue glucose (determined separately). By use of a purified amyloglucosidase, we have now verified the accuracy of two-step assay of rat liver homogenate with crude amyloglucosidase. The reliability of glucose oxidase detection of glucose in amyloglucosidase hydrolysates was established by comparing results with those obtained with hexokinase/glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase reagent. The availability of purified amyloglucosidase made it feasible to assay total carbohydrate content of homogenate in a single step, by incubating aliquots in the presence of both amyloglucosidase and glucose oxidase reagents. Results obtained with this one-step assay agreed with those of two-step analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of direct enzymic assay of total carbohydrate in rat liver homogenate, in a single step.
Internal and external barriers to eco‐conscious apparel acquisition

Apparel consumption is a contributing cause of environmental change, and environmental integrity requires the encouragement of eco-conscious apparel acquisition. Unfortunately, among consumers, there is limited engagement in this behaviour. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to expand the knowledge base of eco-conscious apparel consumption and question the limited participation by identifying barriers that constrain consumers. This study used a qualitative approach to collect and analyse data from 26 eco-conscious consumers. Data collection for the study occurred through semi-structured interviews. Results indicate that consumers find it difficult to engage in eco-conscious apparel acquisition on a consistent basis because a number of barriers stand in the way. These barriers include knowledge and attitudes about environmentally preferable apparel, availability of environmentally preferable apparel, economic resources, retail environments and societal norms. Consequently, the implication is that strategies intending to encourage eco-conscious apparel acquisition should include a focus on diminishing these barriers.
Effects of repeated and acute aripiprazole or haloperidol treatment on dopamine synthesis in the dorsal striatum of young rats: comparison to adult rats.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether repeated treatment with the D2 partial agonist aripiprazole or the D2 antagonist haloperidol alters dopamine (DA) synthesis characteristics in the dorsal striatum of young rats. To this end, rats received a daily pretreatment regimen of aripiprazole or haloperidol on postnatal days (PD) 10–20 and were tested 24 or 72 h later after an acute injection of vehicle, aripiprazole, haloperidol, or quinpirole (a D2 agonist). For comparison purposes, adult rats were pretreated with an 11-day regimen of saline or haloperidol on PD 70–80 and DA synthesis was measured after acute drug treatment on PD 83. Dorsal striatal DA synthesis was determined by measuring l-dihydroxyphenylalanine accumulation after NSD-1015 treatment. In a separate experiment, the ability of repeated drug treatment to up-regulate dorsal striatal D2 receptors was assessed in young and adult rats 72 h after drug discontinuation. The major findings of this study were that: (a) acute treatment with haloperidol and aripiprazole increased DA synthesis while quinpirole reduced it; (b) pretreatment with haloperidol and aripiprazole blunted the synthesis-modulating effects of acutely administered dopaminergic drugs; and (c) DA synthesis of young and adult rats was affected in a qualitatively similar manner by DA agonist, antagonist, and partial agonist drugs. In conclusion, results from the present study suggest that synthesis-modulating autoreceptors in the dorsal striatum are functionally mature by the end of the preweanling period and DA synthesis declines to near basal levels during the course of repeated aripiprazole treatment.
Intraoperative autotransfusion reduces blood loss after cardiopulmonary bypass

Background. A combination of several techniques is necessary to minimize the transfusion requirements for open heart operations. The benefit of plasmapheresis remains in doubt because of smaller and less effective platelets obtained with this technique. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of whole blood intraoperative auto-transfusion as part of a blood conservation protocol. Methods. One hundred patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operations were randomized to an autotransfusion group (group A) or control group (group C). Group A patients had 10 mL/kg of whole blood removed before cardiopulmonary bypass; they had retransfusion at the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass and heparin reversal. Both groups had intraoperative cell saving and autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood postoperatively. The indications for blood transfusion were standardized, and the physicians ordering blood products were blinded to the study. Results. Compared with the control group, patients in the autotransfusion group had a 28% reduction of chest tube drainage at 8 hours and a 45% reduction in the total homologous blood units transfused. Conclusions. Autotransfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass provides benefit in addition to other techniques in reducing blood loss and the need for blood products in the postoperative period.
Muscular Dystrophy in mdx Mice Despite Lack of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is a component of the dystrophin complex in skeletal muscle. The absence of dystrophin protein in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in mdx mouse causes a redistribution of nNOS from the plasma membrane to the cytosol in muscle cells. Aberrant nNOS activity in the cytosol can induce free radical oxidation, which is toxic to myofibers. To test the hypothesis that derangements in nNOS disposition mediate muscle damage in Duchenne dystrophy, we bred dystrophin-deficient mdx male mice and female mdx heterozygote mice that lack nNOS. We found that genetic deletion of nNOS does not itself cause detectable pathology and that removal of nNOS does not influence the extent of increased sarcolemmal permeability in dystrophin-deficient mice. Thus, histological analyses of nNOS-dystrophin double mutants show pathological changes similar to the dystrophin mutation alone. Taken together, nNOS defects alone do not produce muscular dystrophy in the mdx model.
Removing Chinese privet from riparian forests still benefits pollinators five years later

Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) is an invasive shrub of the Southeastern U.S. that forms dense stands and limits biodiversity. It was removed from heavily infested riparian forests of the Georgia Piedmont in 2005 by mulching machine or chainsaw felling and subsequent herbicide application. Abundance and species richness of bees and butterflies were sampled using pan traps on removal plots, heavily invaded control plots, and reference plots in 2012, approximately five years after complete removal of privet. Removal plots had nearly three times as many species as control plots and were similar to reference plots in numbers of species. Traps on removal plots captured four times more individuals than those on control plots and similar numbers to reference plots. Bee and butterfly abundance and richness were positively correlated with non-privet plant cover, diversity, and evenness and negatively correlated with privet shrub cover. Removing Chinese privet from riparian forests had a beneficial effect on insect pollinator communities five years after removal and is a relatively simple method of improving pollinator habitat. These findings provide justification for allocating resources for invasive shrub species removal to support long term conservation of these important insect groups and the ecological services they provide. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Ensemble diversity measures and their application to thinning

Abstract The diversity of an ensemble of classifiers can be calculated in a variety of ways. Here a diversity metric and a means for altering the diversity of an ensemble, called “thinning”, are introduced. We evaluate thinning algorithms created by several techniques on 22 publicly available datasets. When compared to other methods, our percentage correct diversity measure shows a greatest correlation between the increase in voted ensemble accuracy and the diversity value. Also, the analysis of different ensemble creation methods indicates that they generate different levels of diversity. Finally, the methods proposed for thinning show that ensembles can be made smaller without loss in accuracy.
Functional analysis of DNA bending and unwinding by the high mobility group domain of LEF-1.

LEF-1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1) is a cell type-specific member of the family of high mobility group (HMG) domain proteins that recognizes a specific nucleotide sequence in the T cell receptor (TCR) α enhancer. In this study, we extend the analysis of the DNA-binding properties of LEF-1 and examine their contributions to the regulation of gene expression. We find that LEF-1, like nonspecific HMG-domain proteins, can interact with irregular DNA structures such as four-way junctions, albeit with lower efficiency than with specific duplex DNA. We also show by a phasing analysis that the LEF-induced DNA bend is directed toward the major groove. In addition, we find that the interaction of LEF-1 with a specific binding site in circular DNA changes the linking number of DNA and unwinds the double helix. Finally, we identified two nucleotides in the LEF-1-binding site that are important for protein-induced DNA bending. Mutations of these nucleotides decrease both the extent of DNA bending and the transactivation of the TCRα enhancer by LEF-1, suggesting a contribution of protein-induced DNA bending to the function of TCRα enhancer.
Tornadoes and Tornadic Storms

Tornadoes, with measured wind speeds of 125 m s−1 to perhaps 140 m s −1, are the most violent of atmospheric storms (Fig. 5.1). A tornado is defined here as a violently rotating, narrow column of air, averaging about 100 m in diameter, that extends to the ground from the interior of a cumulonimbus (or occasionally a cumulus congestus) cloud and appears as a condensation funnel pendant from cloud base and/or as a swirling cloud of dust and debris rising from the ground. Significant damage can occur at the ground even when the condensation funnel does not reach the surface. A condensation funnel associated with a tornadic vortex that fails to contact the ground is called a funnel cloud. A waterspout is a tornado over a body of water.
Race of Examiner as a Variable in Test Attainments of Preschool Children

This study evaluated the effect of examiner's race on the preschool readiness attainments of 2- and 3-yr.-old black and white children. The findings indicate that except for performance in the large motor skill area in which black subjects secured higher scores with the white examiner, there were no significant race-of-examiner × race-of-child effects. Significant differences, associated with race of examiner, were identified in three skill areas but scores of both black and white children followed similar trends, which does not support the thesis that an examiner of the same race promotes children's improved performance. Results must be viewed in the context of home-centered testing of 2- and 3-yr.-old children. Also, regional differences may limit the extent to which generalizations may be made. Further research appears warranted, to determine the extent to which examiner influences more subtle than race, such as attitudes and expectations of an individual child's performance, may influence children's t...
On the synthesis of SSZ-48, SSZ-43 and their variations

Abstract SSZ-43 and SSZ-48 are new high-silica molecular sieves prepared with organic structure-directing agents (SDAs) derived from the decahydroquinolinium cation. SSZ-48 has a related theoretical 14 member-ring (MR) net, and computer modeling with energy minimization has been used to predict SDAs suitable for stablilizing this theoretical 14MR structure. Three SDAs derived from decahydroquinolinium cation were indicated as plausible candidates for the synthesis of the 14MR material. These SDAs are investigated here using several reaction chemistries. The results show that in addition to SSZ-43 and SSZ-48, other materials including known, large-pore, high-silica molecular sieves such as SSZ-31, CIT-6 and zeolite beta can be synthesized with these SDAs. 29 Si NMR data show that some of the newly synthesized materials contain a significant amount of Q3 sites. The removal of the SDAs through calcination converts these Q3 sites to Q4 silicons, and generates microporosity.
Le marché de l’uranium : évolutions récentes et tendances

Dans un contexte favorable au renouveau de l'electronucleaire, la question de l'approvisionnement en uranium reste un sujet essentiel. Pour l'heure, le marche de l'uranium demeure tendu, en depit de fluctuations du prix spot, et le desequilibre entre production et consommation perdure. Les acteurs majeurs doivent donc investir pour accroitre la production et la perenniser. Cependant, dans ce nouveau contexte de marche, ces acteurs se voient a la fois concurrences par de nouveaux venus pour l'acces aux titres miniers et mis en demeure par les pays ou ils operent de plus largement contribuer a la rente miniere. En parallele, l'emergence de nouvelles regions fortement consommatrices a terme, notamment en Asie, cree un climat de competition accrue pour l'acces a la ressource. Dans ce contexte, le modele unique d'AREVA, acteur integre sur l'ensemble de la filiere electronucleaire se demarque de celui de la plupart de ses concurrents dans la mine d'uranium. Par d'importants investissements dans sa capacite de production et par un redeploiement massif de son effort d'exploration, Areva se met en mesure d'assurer l'approvisionnement de ses clients et notamment des nouveaux reacteurs sur le long terme. Sa capacite d'offrir aussi tous les services du cycle, notamment en matiere de recyclage, permet d'augmenter, pour les clients qui le souhaitent, la certitude d'etre livres en temps et en heure dans la duree.
The Radicalization of the Social Gospel: Harry F. Ward and the Search for a New Social Order, 1898-1936

A vigorous Protestant left existed throughout the first half of the twentieth-century in the United States. That Protestant left was the left wing of the social gospel movement, which many historians restrict to the pre-1920 period and whose radical content is often underestimated. This article examines the career of one representative figure from this Protestant left, the Reverend Harry F. Ward, as a means of describing the evolving nature and limits of social gospel radicalism during the first four decades of the twentieth century. Ward, the main author of the 1908 Social Creed of the Churches, a longtime professor at Union Theological Seminary (UTS) in New York, and a dogged activist on behalf of labor and political prisoners through his leadership of the Methodist Federation for Social Service, sought a new social order from the early years of the century through the Great Depression of the 1930s. This new order would be the Kingdom of God on earth, and, in Ward9s view, it would transcend the competitive and exploitative capitalism that dominated American society in his time. Before World War I, Ward worked to bring together labor activists and church people, and, after the war, he shifted his work toward less expressly religious efforts, while continuing to mentor clerical proteA©geA©s through his teaching. Ward9s leftward trajectory and ever-stronger Communist associations would eventually bring about his political downfall, but, in the mid-1930s, he remained a respected figure, if one more radical than most, among American Protestant clergy. Organic links tied him and his politics to the broader terrain of social gospel reform, despite the politically driven historical amnesia that later would all but erase Ward from historical memory.
Ectopic cervical thymus: Is empiric surgical excision necessary?

Ectopic cervical thymus (ECT) is an uncommon cause of pediatric neck masses. We present the first algorithm for conservative management of this benign disease. The natural history of ECT is unclear since most cases in the literature have undergone surgical excision. This is due to concern for malignant transformation, however, no convincing evidence was found in the literature to support this. With accurate diagnosis, clinically asymptomatic patients can be conservatively managed, as the thymus is expected to involute naturally.
An acoustic analysis of the development of CV coarticulation: a case study.

This study analyzed stop consonant-vowel productions from babbling to meaningful speech in a single female child spanning the period from age 7 months to age 40 months. A total of 7,888 utterances ...
Psychiatric Comorbidity among Referred Juveniles with Major Depression: Fact or Artifact?

ABSTRACT Objective The high levels of psychiatric comorbidity reported in juveniles meeting operational definitions at depressive disorders raise both substantive and methodological concerns about whether depression with comorbid disorders should be classified as two disorders or as different manifestations of the same condition. Our purpose was to clarify issues of diagnostic heterogeneity and diagnostic overlap in juvenile depression. Method The sample consisted of consecutively referred children and adolescents ( N = 424) comprehensively evaluated with structured diagnostic interviews and psychosocial assessments. Results A clinical picture compatible with the diagnosis of major depression was identified in 40% of these referred youths. Children meeting criteria for major depression had prototypical symptoms of the disorder, a chronic course, and severe psychosocial dysfunction. In addition, they frequently met criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and anxiety disorders. These comorbidity findings were not due to symptom overlap among major depression and the co-occurring disorders. For the most part, comorbid disorders preceded the onset of major depression by several years. Conclusions Juvenile depression has a chronic course, severe dysfunction, and high levels of psychiatric comorbidity. Despite symptom overlap, our work suggests that major depression and other conditions may represent different disorders.
Entheogens: The interaction of biology and culture

G. Reichel‐Dolmatoff. Beyond the Milky Way: Hallucinatory Imagery of the Tukano Indians. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1978. x + 159 pp. Index, illustrations. $25.00, cloth. Richard Evans Schultes and Albert Hofmann. Plants of the Gods: Origins of Hallucinogenic Use. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1979.192 pp. Index, illustrations. $34.95, cloth. R. Gordon Wasson. The Wondrous Mushroom: Mycolatry in Mesoamerica. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1980. xxvi + 248 pp. Index, illustrations. $12.95, paper.
TU‐C‐BRB‐09: Estimate of the Uncertainty in Relative Secondary Cancer Risk Calculations Following Proton Therapy and Intensity Modulated X‐Ray Therapy

Purpose: To determine the uncertainty in calculations of the ratio of relative risk (RRR) of developing a secondary malignant neoplasm (SMN) from proton therapy compared to that of IMXT for prostate cancer by examining the sensitivity to key input parameters. Methods and Materials: The RRR and associated uncertainties were examined for a typical patient treated for early‐stage prostate cancer.Proton therapy and IMXT plans were developed using clinical protocols. Baseline risk of SMN was estimated using primary doses from treatment planning calculations, stray doses from Monte Carlo simulations and available data, radiation weighting factors (w R) values from ICRP Publication 92, and the linear no‐threshold model for SMN risk. The sensitivity of RRR to w R was estimated by re‐computing the RRR using various scaled w R values. The influence of uncertainties in the dose‐responsemodel was estimated by re‐computing the RRR with various available models. The influence of inter‐patient variation in primary dose was determined using the standard deviation of mean dose in organs at risk over a patient population, while variation in stray dose was determined with Monte Carlo simulations.Results: The baseline RRR for the selected patient was 0.66, suggesting that proton therapy can reduce the calculated incidence of SMN by 34% compared with IMXT. Changes in w R and the shape of the dose‐responsemodel introduced uncertainties of ±10%, and ±7%, respectively. Inter‐patient variations in primary and stray dose produced RRR values that deviated greatly from the baseline value; however, a strong positive correlation coefficient was observed, resulting in a net uncertainty in the baseline RRR of ±30%. Thus, the total uncertainty in the baseline RRR was 0.22 (2‐σ). Conclusion: Proton therapy can reduce the incidence of SMN compared with IMXT for a population of prostate patients, independent of uncertainties in w R and the shape of the dose response model.
Aeroallergen Sensitization in Healthy Children: Racial and Socioeconomic Correlates

Objective Allergic sensitization is very prevalent and often precedes the development of allergic disease. This study examined the association of race with allergic sensitization among healthy children with no family history of atopy. Study design Two hundred seventy-five children, predominantly from lower socioeconomic strata, from Cincinnati, Ohio, ages 2 to 18 years without a family or personal history of allergic diseases, underwent skin prick testing to 11 allergen panels. The Pediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PADQLQ) was used to examine the impact of sensitization on quality of life. Results Thirty-nine percent of healthy children were sensitized to 1 or more allergen panels. Multivariate logistic regression showed increased risk among African-American children for any sensitization (OR, 2.17; [95% CI: 1.23, 3.84]) and sensitization to any outdoor allergen (OR, 2.96 [95% CI: 1.52, 5.74]). Eighty-six percent of children had PADQLQ scores of 1 or less (0 to 6 scale). Conclusions Allergic sensitization is prevalent even among children who do not have a personal or family history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis and who have no evidence of current, even subtle effects from this sensitization on allergic disease–related quality of life. African-American children are at greater risk for presence of sensitization, especially to outdoor allergens.
Electronic structure of rare-earth nitrides using the LSDA + U approach: Importance of allowing 4 f orbitals to break the cubic crystal symmetry

Electronic structure calculations were performed for the rare-earth (RE) nitrides in the rocksalt structure using density functional theory calculations within the $\mathrm{LSDA}+U$ approach (local spin density approximation with Hubbard-$U$ corrections). The $\mathrm{LSDA}+U$ method is implemented in the full-potential linearized muffin-tin orbital method and applied to the $4f$ as well as $5d$ states. Parameters $U$ and $J$ were determined from atomic calculations complemented with experimental photoemission and inverse photoemission data and optical absorption data for Gd pnictides. The solution for the density matrix of $f$ electrons is not unique and thus several configurations need to be investigated to determine the lowest energy state. A trivalent solution is found to have the lowest energy in all cases except $\mathrm{CeN}$, which was found to be tetravalent. Hund's second rule requires maximizing the orbital momentum component ${L}_{z}$, which breaks the cubic symmetry and lowers the total energy. We find Hund's second rule to be obeyed in all cases except $\mathrm{EuN}$ and $\mathrm{YbN}$, where a cubic symmetry solution has lower energy. In these cases, the divalent solution is also in competition with the trivalent solution. The symmetry breaking in most cases lowers the total energy and in some cases, those with two electrons or holes away from a closed or half-filled shell, is essential to remove $f$ states from the Fermi level. The spin magnetic moments are nearly integer, defined by the number of filled $4f$ states. The orbital magnetic moment is of comparable magnitude to the spin moment. Hund's third rule, according to which the orbital and spin moment are opposite to each other in the first half of the series but parallel to each other in the second half, is also found to be obeyed. Interestingly, this leads to zero net magnetic moment for $\mathrm{SmN}$.Apart from the few cases where $f$ states remain close to the Fermi level, the band structure is borderline semiconductor to semimetallic in most cases, a RE $5d$ conduction band minimum at $X$, and a $\mathrm{N}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2p$ valence band maximum at $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. The early members of the series before $\mathrm{GdN}$ (with the exception of $\mathrm{NdN}$) are slightly semimetallic in the majority spin channel only and are thus half-metals, while the later members after Gd have a small indirect gap. In $\mathrm{EuN}$ a complicated hybridization occurs between an $f$ level pinned at ${E}_{F}$ and the $\mathrm{N}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2p$ states, leading to a metallic band structure. Above the Curie temperature of these ferromagnets, in the paramagnetic state, one expects an average of majority and minority spin gaps and thus an increase in the gap.
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in the anesthetized rat.

Abstract Acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde have both been previously shown to possess sympathomimetic activity and to affect the cardiovascular system. The objectives of the present investigation were to study the dose-effect relationships of the two aldehydes on the cardiovascular system of the anesthetized rat and to establish the mechanism of the pressor and depressor effects of the compounds. Low iv doses of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde produced a consistent dose-related rise in blood pressure. These responses were slightly reduced by adrenalectomy and more strongly antagonized by pretreatment with reserpine or phentolamine. This indicates that the pressor effects of these compounds are primarily due to vasoconstriction mediated by norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerve endings in vascular smooth muscle. Higher doses of the two aldehydes produced a sharp fall in blood pressure and a severe bradycardia. Atropine reduced the hypotensive and cardioinhibitory effects of the aldehydes, suggesting that these actions are mediated by the vagus nerve. This was confirmed by experiments in vagotomized rats. After vagotomy, high doses of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde produced an increase in blood pressure and a positive chronotropic response. The results of this study indicate that acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde exert two opposing actions on the cardiovascular system: (1) a sympathomimetic effect which predominates at doses below 20 mg/kg resulting in a rise in blood pressure; and (2) stimulation of higher centers resulting in bradycardia and hypotension with higher doses.
Access control within military C4ISR systems

Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) tactical battlefield systems must provide the right information and resources to the right individuals at the right time. At the same time, the C4ISR system must enforce access controls to prevent the wrong individuals from obtaining sensitive information, or consuming scarce resources. Because lives, missions and property depend upon them, these access control mechanisms must be effective, reliable, efficient and flexible. The mechanisms employed must suit the nature of the items that are to be protected, as well as the varieties of access policies that must be enforced, and the types of access that will be made to these items. Some access control technologies are inherently centralized, while others are suitable for distributed implementation. The C4ISR architect must select from among the available technologies a combination of mechanisms that eases the burden of policy administration, but is inherently survivable, accurate, resource efficient, and which provides low latency. This paper explores various alternative access enforcement mechanisms, and assesses their effectiveness in managing policy-driven access control within the battlespace.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The model dependence of the N(ee')N * form factors

Abstract We attempt to draw some conclusions on the model-dependent and model-independent features of the N(ee′)N ∗ form factors by investigating the predictions of several models of the nucleon. A comparison is made with existing data.
Enthusiasm and Its Discontents: Religion, Prophecy, and Madness in the Music for Sophonisba and The Island Princess

ABSTRACT Enthusiasm, a state in which the soul is supposedly freed from the body and the human vessel is filled with the divine, troubled the religious mainstream in 17th-century England. During the English Civil War, radical Protestant sects used enthusiastic prophecy to justify rebellion against monarchical tyranny. Such practices drew fire from members of the Church of England who vilified the prophets9 ““religious enthusiasm”” by associating it with madness and melancholy. This strategy pathologized enthusiasm, transforming it into a mental disorder. Anti-enthusiastic discourses shaped musical and dramatic practices on the Restoration stage, as witnessed in two songs for enthusiastic prophets, Cumana in Nathaniel Lee9s Sophonisba (music by Henry Purcell for a 1690s revival) and the elderly Brahmin priest in Peter Motteux9s revision of The Island Princess (music by Richard Leveridge, 1699). Purcell9s song for Cumana, ““Beneath a Poplar9s Shadow,”” incorporates the standard conventions of musical madness and is even called a ““mad song”” in Orpheus Britannicus, Book Two (1702). Similarly, the Brahmin priest channels the speech of the false pagan gods in Leveridge9s ““Enthusiastick Song””——a piece that parallels contemporary political discourses about the ““madness”” of religious nonconformity and fanaticism. A close reading of the music, dramatic texts, and contemporary political, religious, and medical discourses demonstrates how musical representations of enthusiasm were affected by the critical rhetoric of religious orthodoxy.
The Publications of the American Malacological Union/Society

This paper documents the publications of the American Malacological Society, and its predecessor, the American Malacological Union, from 1931 through 2007. Information on the dates of publication is included, based primarily on library receipt records. Several publications were erroneously dated as to year, which has resulted in new taxa described in those publications, as well as abstracts and articles, being attributed to the wrong year.
De morseir syndrome presenting as ambiguous genitalia.

Background: A 10-year-old boy presented with genital ambiguity, poor linear growth, and delayed milestones. The aim and to highlight that although rare but congenital, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may rarely present as ambiguity. Materials and Methods: The patient was found to have bilateral cryptorchidism with proximal penile hypospadias, microphallus with a proportionate dwarfism with mildly delayed bone age, and karyotype 46XY. Euthyroid with normal steroid axis, growth hormone insufficient as suggested by auxology, low IGF1, and poor response to clonidine stimulation. MRI brain shows hypoplastic corpus callosum, hypoplastic anterior pituitary, and ectopic posterior pituitary bright spot. Results: The patient underwent laparoscopic removal of right intrabdominal testis and orchidoplexy was performed on the left one. Testicular biopsy revealed no malignancy and growth hormone replacement was initiated. The patient awaits definitive repair of hypospadias. Conclusion: As a provisional diagnosis of combined growth hormone and gonadotropin deficiency, most probable diagnosis is septo-optic dysplasia or de moseir syndrome leading to genital ambiguity.
Visual detection of mercury vapor using plasmonic nanoparticle array

The fast and sensitive detections of chemicals adsorption onto solid substrates are of importance to many fields. Ordered arrays of gold nanoparticles with strong surface plasmon resonances allow directly visualized detection of molecular scale adsorptions of mercury vapor on solid substrates. The adsorbed species change local dielectric constants surrounding plasmonic nanoparticles, leading to shifts of plasmon resonance peaks into short wavelength direction because of interactions of chemicals with nanoparticles. The magnitude of peak shifts is proportional to the amount of adsorbed chemicals in certain range, and is sufficiently large so that color changes can be seen directly by naked eyes. The ordered nanoparticles can be made over a large area at high yield, allowing a quantitative, passive, and sensitive detection of molecular species.
Therapeutic effect of a T helper cell supported CTL response induced by a survivin peptide vaccine against murine cerebral glioma.

Survivin is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) that has significant potential for use as a cancer vaccine target. To identify survivin epitopes that might serve as targets for CTL-mediated, anti-tumor responses, we evaluated a series of survivin peptides with predicted binding to mouse H2-Kb and human HLA-A*0201 antigens in peptide-loaded dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. H2-Kb-positive, C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated using syngeneic, peptide-loaded DC2.4 cells. Splenocytes from vaccinated mice were screened by flow cytometry for binding of dimeric H2-Kb:Ig to peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Two survivin peptides (SVN57–64 and SVN82–89) generated specific CD8+ T cells. We chose to focus on the SVN57–64 peptide because that region of the molecule is 100% homologous to human survivin. A larger peptide (SVN53–67), containing multiple class I epitopes, and a potential class II ligand, was able to elicit both CD8+ CTL and CD4+ T cell help. We tested the SVN53–67 15-mer peptide in a therapeutic model using a peptide-loaded DC vaccine in C57BL/6 mice with survivin-expressing GL261 cerebral gliomas. This vaccine produced significant CTL responses and helper T cell-associated cytokine production, resulting in a significant prolongation of survival. The SVN53–67 vaccine was significantly more effective than the SVN57–64 core epitope as a cancer vaccine, emphasizing the potential benefit of incorporating multiple class I epitopes and associated cytokine support within a single peptide.
HMM adaptation using sparse Probabilistic Space Mapping for noisy speech

This paper presents an extension of Probabilistic Space Maps (PS-MAPS) to adapt clean acoustic models to a noisy environment. In the presence of noise, the relationship between noisy and clean speech features (MFCC's, HDLA, etc.) is either nonlinear or unknown. Given the relationship between features, traditional methods try to linearize it using approximations. These methods cannot be used for systems where the mapping model for clean and noisy features is missing. Given sufficient training data, PS-MAPS [1] provides an excellent framework for extracting and modeling this relationship. The PS-MAP based approach to model adaptation is completely data driven. Experiments were performed on Aurora 2 dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Triphenyl Phosphite Ozonide

[29833-83-8] C18H15O6P (MW 358.30) InChI = 1S/C18H15O6P/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19-25(23-22-24-25,20-17-12-6-2-7-13-17)21-18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1-15H InChIKey = BVCCTQHXJQXLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (source of singlet oxygen;2 avoids complicating effects of radiation on reactants and products sometimes associated with photochemical generation of singlet oxygen; can also transfer dioxygen in a bimolecular process3 not involving singlet oxygen) Physical Data: reagent is labile and is prepared and used in situ. Solubility: sol dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, acetonitrile, trichlorofluoromethane, toluene, chlorobenzene, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, diethyl ether, and pyridine. Form Supplied in: reagent is prepared as needed. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 31P NMR. Preparative Methods: a solution of triphenyl phosphite in CH2Cl2 is added to O3-saturated (blue color) CH2Cl2 at −78 °C. Ozone is added periodically in order to maintain the blue color. The alternative procedure of adding ozone to a solution of the triphenyl phosphite in CH2Cl2 leads to lower yields of the ozonide since the phosphite reacts with the ozonide. When the ozonide is to be used as a source of singlet oxygen the solution is allowed to warm to about −25 °C in the presence of the substrate. Direct transfer of dioxygen in a bimolecular process occurs at −70 °C.2, 4, 5 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: decomposes with O2 evolution at temperatures above about −25 °C. While solid triphenyl phosphite ozonide has occasionally been isolated1b,6-8 this procedure is not recommended since the solid has been observed1b,7, 8 to detonate, with flashes of red light, upon warming.
On Comparing Biological Shapes: Detection of Influential Landmarks

For problems of classification and comparison in biological research, the primary focus is on the similarity of forms. A biological form consists of size and shape. Several approaches for comparing biological forms using landmark data are available. If the two biological forms are demonstrated to be different, the next important issue is to localize the differences by identifying those areas which differ most between the two objects. In this paper we suggest a technique to detect influential landmarks, those which contribute most to the difference between forms. We study the effectiveness of the technique using three-dimensional simulated data sets and two examples. Results suggest that the technique is useful in the study of biological form and its variation.
Three-dimensional computer model of electric fields in internal defibrillation

The automatic internal defibrillator delivers a low-energy shock directly to the heart. Optimal strategies for these shock deliveries are determined by studying a three-dimensional computer model of the electric fields produced by initial defibillation electrodes. A finite-element analysis technique is used to calculate energy and current density distributions in three commonly used electrode configurations: (1) patch-patch (PP), (2) catheter-patch (CP), and (3) catheter-catheter (CC). analysis of these simulations indicates that : (1) the PP and CP configurations are more effective at channeling energy to the myocardium than the CC configuration; (2) small electrodes and the edges of the electrodes give rise to high local current densities which might cause damage to the myocardium: (3) energy delivered to the myocardium is not significantly altered for different electrode placements tested; (4) electrode size influences current density distribution, especially near the electrodes; and (5) energy distribution is sensitive to the relative conductances of the myocardial tissue and blood. >
Use of Chuk as an internal standard suitable for quantitative RT-PCR in mouse preimplantation embryos

Abstract Analysis of gene expression changes during preimplantation development by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) requires appropriate internal standards. Ideally, such a gene should show a constant level of transcripts per embryo across all preimplantation stages from unfertilized eggs to blastocysts. By analysing the microarray-based gene expression profiles of preimplantation embryos, it was found that a conserved helix–loop–helix ubiquitous kinase gene ( Chuk , also known as IκB kinase α, IKKα or IKK1) satisfied this criterion. To test the utility of this gene as an internal standard for Q-PCR, the expression levels of two known genes ( Nalp5/Mater, Pou5f1/Oct3/Oct4 ) were normalized by Chuk and other housekeeping genes ( Actb, Gapdh, Eef1a1, and H2afz ) and demonstrated that the former was more consistent with the expression patterns obtained by a whole-mount in-situ hybridization than those reported previously with the latter. It is concluded that Chuk , unlike other commonly used normalization controls, is a reliable and suitable internal standard for measuring gene expression levels by Q-PCR in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos.
The context dependent editorial process: toward a more complex understanding of the technical editor

Descriptions of the roles of editors in their organizations have been limited and traditional in the literature on technical editing. Based on a preliminary investigation at a Midwest publishing company, the author discovered that conventional notions of the editorial process do not sufficiently characterize the extent to which organizational context influenced the daily tasks, interactions, and document review processes carried out by the editor. This article addresses the need to expand our notions of the editorial process and gain a more complex understanding of the roles editors may carry out in their organizations.
IL-1β Induction of RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) Chemokine Gene Expression in Endometriotic Stromal Cells Depends on a Nuclear Factor-κB Site in the Proximal Promoter

A complex network of cytokines mediates immunoregulatory responses in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) is a chemoattractant for monocytes and T cells. Endometriotic lesions express RANTES, and its concentration in peritoneal fluid correlates with the severity of endometriosis. We investigated the influence of IL-1beta, a potent macrophage cytokine, on RANTES production in endometriotic stromal cells and determined the region of the RANTES promoter responsible for IL-1beta action. RANTES mRNA was induced 5-fold in endometriotic stromal cells, and the conditioned medium RANTES protein concentrations were 12-fold higher in IL-1beta-treated endometriotic stromal cells vs. untreated controls (P < 0.05). IL-1beta activated the full-length (-940 bp) RANTES promoter as well as a truncated 456-bp 5'-flanking construct by 2-fold. Mutagenesis of a nuclear factor-kappaB response element at -30 bp abolished the IL-1beta effect, whereas mutation of a nearby TNF response element did not affect the IL-1beta induction. An IL-1beta time-course Western assay revealed a rapid diminution of IkappaB (endogenous inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB) in endometriotic stromal cells. Overexpression of IkappaB in endometriotic stromal cells inhibited the IL-1beta response of the RANTES gene promoter. Transcription of RANTES mRNA is up-regulated by IL-1beta via a nuclear factor-kappaB response element in the proximal RANTES gene promoter. These results demonstrate a feed-forward regulatory loop in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by which IL-1beta produced from activated macrophages can lead to further macrophage recruitment via RANTES production in endometriotic stromal cells.
Detachable Snares (Endoloop)

Endoscopic hemostasis can be achieved by chemical, thermal, and mechanical means. The role of detachable snares or endoloops has been widely described in mechanical hemostasis, and this manuscript reviews their history, indications for use, and the endoscopic techniques involved. Some novel clinical applications for detachable snares will also be reviewed. Clinical evidence supports their use in the management of postpolypectomy bleeding, bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices, and angiodysplasias. Prospective randomized controlled trials utilizing this device are few in number and are still needed to define their role in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The Phelps–Koopmans theorem and potential optimality

The Phelps–Koopmans theorem states that if every limit point of a path of capital stocks exceeds the “golden rule,” then that path is inefficient: there is another feasible path from the same initial stock that provides at least as much consumption at every date and strictly more consumption at some date. I show that in a model with nonconvex technologies and preferences, the theorem is false in a strong sense. Not only can there be efficient paths with capital stocks forever above and bounded away from a unique golden rule, such paths can also be optimal under the infinite discounted sum of a one-period utility function. The paper makes clear, moreover, that this latter criterion is strictly more demanding than the efficiency of a path.
On the relationship between PSRR and clock feedthrough in SC filters

A novel linearized model for calculating the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of switched-capacitor (SC) circuits due to switch charge injection (clock feedthrough) is presented. The inclusion of clock feedthrough accounts for the low-frequency PSRR degradation not modeled by other methods. This is particularly important in high-frequency SC circuits, as is confirmed by simulation and measurement results. The model defines a useful link between transient clock feedthrough analysis and effective coupling capacitor models that are suited for AC analysis. The abstraction of differentiating an injected charge with respect to voltage to get effective coupling capacitors leads to efficient analysis techniques, since clock delays and elaborate device models can be considered once at the outset, and then dispensed with in favor of simpler device elements. This makes the model more suitable for hand calculations and analysis with standard SC simulation packages. >
Research problems of decentralized systems with largely autonomous nodes

The various problems suggested here are by no means independent of one another, although each seems to have a flavor of its own. In addition, they probably do not span the complete range of issues that should be explored in establishing an appropriate semantics for expressing computations in a confederacy of loosely coupled, autonomous computer systems. Further, some are recognizable as problems of semantics of centralized systems that were never solved very well. But they do seem to represent a starting point that can to lead to more carefully framed questions and eventually some new conceptual insight.