cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When and for whom do frequencies facilitate performance? On the role of numerical literacy.

The thesis that the mind is better prepared to process frequencies—as compared to other numerical formats—continues to be debated. A recent aspect of this issue is the role of numeracy (numerical literacy; one's ability to understand and work with numerical information) and specifically the argument that individual differences in numeracy interact with numerical formats. This interaction, either that frequencies improve performance only for those of low numeracy or that frequencies work only for those of high numeracy, would suggest that better performance using frequencies could be due to (nonevolutionary) numeracy effects. The three present studies revisited prior work with cumulative probability, Bayesian reasoning, and scenario risk assessments to study the effects of numeracy on frequency facilitation. Results from these experiments consistently failed to replicate previous findings of interactions; however, a more consistent finding emerged of a straightforward frequency effect. The lack of interact...
Resistance of SJL Mice to Immunosuppression by Antibodies

Immunosuppressive antisera that specifically inhibit induction of tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity in mice to the antigens chicken conalbumin and methylated human serum albumin were compared for activity in CF-1, CAF1, and SJL mice. These contrasensitizing antisera were effective in CF-1 and CAF1 mice of various ages, But in SJL mice they were ineffective if the animals were older than 8 weeks and were only moderately effective if the animals were younger. The antibodies of these antisera responsible for specific immunosuppression could be absorbed onto adherent peritoneal exudate cells taken from CAF1 but not SJL mice. They could be eluted from the CAF1 cells at 56°C. These results and other data that are discussed suggest that SJL resistance to immunosuppression by contrasensitizing antibodies is related to a macro-phage abnormality. The results also help explain earlier findings that SJL mice are unusually easy to sensitize and unusually resistant to tolerogenesis. This strain of mice should be...
The case for a “productivity norm”: Comment on Dowd☆

Abstract Instead of aiming for zero inflation, a “productivity norm” would allow permanent changes in the price level reflecting opposite changes in productivity or unit costs of production. Dowd (1995) disputes my claim that a productivity norm would be more conducive to macroeconomic stability than a stable price level. But Dowd's arguments succeed in undermining the case for a productivity norm only to the extent that they also undermine his own case for zero inflation.
Climate forecast and prediction product dissemination for agriculture in the United States

A wealth of climate forecast information and related prediction products are available, but impediments to adoption of these products by ranchers and farmers in the Unites States remain to be addressed. Impediments for agricultural applications include modest forecast skill, limited climate predictability, inappropriate forecast scale for site-specific applications, difficulties in interpretation of probabilistic forecasts by farmers and integration into agricultural decision systems, uncertainty about the value and effect of forecast information in multi-variable decision system, and generally low frequency of relevant forecasts. Various research institutions have conducted case studies of climate effects on agricultural production systems, particularly effects of historical ENSO signals in the south-eastern United States. Several studies addressed risk and economic values of seasonal climate forecasts, and others bridged the gap between current forecasting software and products and agricultural applications. These studies attest to the availability and suitability of forecast and impact-prediction software, as well as derived products for agricultural applications. Yet, little attention has been given to operational and application-specific prediction products for general agricultural use, and to an effective and affordable delivery system that reaches and resonates with the agricultural end-user (a prerequisite for adoption). The two latter impediments are the focus of this paper. Two existing approaches, the top-down and the participatory end-to-end approach for development and delivery of prediction products, are reviewed. A third approach, the hybrid approach, is emphasised and uses the top-down approach for climate forecast delivery and a participatory approach for development and delivery of farm-specific prediction information for the agricultural end-user. Suitability of such prediction products for agricultural applications and constraints to successful adoption are also discussed.
The design and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines

There is renewed optimism that the goal of developing a highly effective AIDS vaccine is attainable. The HIV-1 vaccine field has seen its first trial of a vaccine candidate that prevents infection. Although modest in efficacy, this finding, along with the recent discovery that the human immune system can produce broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of inhibiting greater than 90% of circulating viruses, provides a guide for the rational design of vaccines and protection by passive immunization. Together, these findings will help shape the next generation of HIV vaccines.
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in blunt trauma patients with coagulopathy

Coagulopathies such as dilutional coagulopathy secondary to massive crystalloid and/or blood resuscitation, and disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to head injury, complicate the care of severely traumatized patients. The accuracy of diagnostic peritoneal lavage has not been appraised in patients with coagulopathy. During a 3-year period, 847 patients underwent diagnostic peritoneal lavage using the direct visualization, open method. Exploratory laparotomy was performed on 298 patients for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage. All patients had coagulation studies prior to diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Twenty-eight patients (9.4%) with a mean injury severity score of 45, had coagulopathy prior to diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Only 2% (6/298) of the diagnostic peritoneal lavages were falsely positive despite the presence of pelvic fractures in 24.5% (73/298) of the patients. The incidence of falsely positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage was similar (P = .5) for patients with coagulopathy (3.6%, 1/28) as compared to patients without coagulopathy (1.8%, 5/272). Following blunt trauma, clinical indications for diagnostic peritoneal lavage do not mandate coagulation screening because diagnostic peritoneal lavage is reliable in patients with preexisting coagulopathy.
Struggle and Hope: Challenging Gender Violence in Pakistan:

Despite the overwhelming media attention to the rise of fundamentalism, Pakistan’s vocal women’s movement has remained unrevealed and unexamined. Gender violence is integral to the agenda of the women’s movement, because of the profound violation of women’s human rights to life and security. This article draws on formal in-depth interviews and participant observation with women’s activists of two prominent women’s nongovernmental organizations in Lahore, Pakistan. Using a transnational feminist framework and feminist social movement theory, it examines the organizations’ strategies for change and how the historical, political, and social environments of their fields for protest shape these strategies. The struggles and achievements of women’s activism against gender violence are analyzed with implications beyond the experiences of these organizations.
In vitro bursting strength studies of laser-welded tissue and comparison with conventional anastomosis

Abstract We compared the mechanical integrity of microvascular anastomoses created with a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser with conventional suture anastomoses. Seventy rat femoral artery segments (35 lased and 35 sutured) were harvested at 1, 24, and 72 hours, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. These segments were subjected to increasingly higher in vitro intraluminal hydrostatic pressures (bursting pressure). Conventionally sutured anastomoses exhibited significantly increased ability (p
Gadolinium, neodymium, praseodymium, thulium and ytterbium complexes as potential contrast enhancing agents for NMR imaging

Abstract Complexes of ferric (3) and gadolinium (5) citrate, gadolinium tricarballylate (6) and complexes of gadolinium, neodymium, praseodymium, thulium and ytterbium with complexons EDTA (7), CDTA (8), EGTA (9), DTPA (10) and TTHA (11) were synthesized and evaluated as potential contrast enhancing agents for NMR imaging by measuring their stability constants and their effectiveness in eliciting spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxations of protons in water and plasma. High stability constants (log10 k = 22 or higher) and excellent relaxation properties were found for Gd-EGTA 19, Yb-EGTA 20, Gd-DTPA 23, Yb-DTPA 24, Gd-TTHA 28, Yb-TTHA 29 and Tm-TTHA 30. These compounds were considered as potential intravenous contrast agents for NMR imaging. Whereas, the stability constant of 28 was higher (log10 k = 28.4) than that (log10 k = 22.4) of the clinically used 23, the LD50 value, using Swiss male mice, for 28 was lower (2.88 mmol/kg) than that for 23 (3.74 mmol/kg). The somewhat higher toxicity of 28 than that of 23 was explained by a higher osmolality of 28 as compared to 23. The gadolinium citrate 5 and gadolinium tricarballylate 6 were proposed as potential oral contrast agents.
Inactivation of monoamine oxidase A by the monoamine oxidase B inactivators 1-phenylcyclopropylamine, 1-benzylcyclopropylamine, and N-cyclopropyl-alpha-methylbenzylamine.

Three known mechanism-based inactivators of beef liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) B are tested as inactivators of human placental mitochondrial MAO A. 1-Phenylcyclopropylamine (1-PCPA), 1-benzylcyclopropylamine (1-BCPA), and N-cyclopropyl-alpha-methylbenzylamine (N-C alpha MBA) are time-dependent irreversible inactivators of MAO A. The KI values for 1-PCPA and N-C alpha MBA, analogues of the MAO B substrate benzylamine, are much higher with MAO A than with MAO B. Evidence is presented to show that 1-PCPA inactivates MAO A by attachment to the flavin cofactor, unlike the reaction with MAO B in which 1-PCPA can attach to both a cysteine residue and the flavin [Silverman, R.B., & Zieske, P.A. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 2128-2138]. The reaction of 1-BCPA with MAO A was too slow to study in detail. N-C alpha MBA exhibits the same properties toward inactivation of MAO A that it does for inactivation of MAO B. Attachment in both cases is shown to be to one cysteine residue per enzyme molecule. The results with 1-PCPA indicate that the active site topographies of MAO A and MAO B are different. The ability of N-C alpha MBA to undergo attachment to a cysteine residue in both MAO A and MAO B may lead the way toward peptide mapping of the two isozymes in order to determine differences in their primary structures.
Evidence for expression of EcR and USP components of the 20‐hydroxyecdysone receptor by a mosquito cell line

The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine whether the C7-10 cell line from the mosquito, Aedes albopictus, expresses transcripts encoding 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP) isoforms known to constitute a functional 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor. Here we describe recovery and analysis of products with high similarity to the EcR and to the USP isoform "a" that have been reported from the related mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The C7-10 EcR was 97% identical to Aedes aegypti EcR in amino acid sequence. Key features of the nuclear/steroid hormone receptor superfamily, including the zinc fingers, proximal (P)-box, and distal (D)-box were well conserved. However, the C7-10 EcR contained 5 additional amino acids in the C-terminal domain F, which required introduction of gaps to maximize alignment. The 5'-untranslated regions of the two mosquito EcRs were 98% identical, but the function of this region remains unknown. The C7-10 USP was 95% identical in amino acid sequence to the longer Aedes aegypti isoform "a." Although only the C7-10 EcR was detected on Northern blots using total RNA from the cell line, transcripts for both EcR and USP were detected using the RT-PCR procedure. These transcripts appeared to be expressed constitutively and expression levels were not affected by treatment of cells with 20-hydroxyecdysone. Arch.
A framework for improving resident research participation and scholarly output.

Objectives The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires that "faculty should encourage and support residents in scholarly activities." There are no guidelines, however, to illustrate how this should be done, and only a small number of published reports offer examples of successful efforts to spur resident research. We sought to improve our residents' participation in scholarly activities. Design We describe a multifaceted program to quickly build resident scholarship at an orthopaedic department. Setting Large academic medical center in the Midwestern United States. Participants An experienced medical editor was recruited to assist faculty and mentor residents in coordinating research projects and to direct publishing activity. Additional publishing requirements were added to the resident curriculum beyond those already required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Residents were required to select a faculty research mentor to guide all research projects toward a manuscript suitable for submission to a peer-reviewed journal. Activities were monitored by the editor and the resident coordinator. Results Over 4 years, total department peer-reviewed publications increased from 33 to 163 annually. Despite a decrease in resident complement, the number of peer-reviewed publications with a resident author increased from 6 in 2009 to 53 in 2012. Conclusions The addition of an experienced medical editor, changes in program requirements, and an increased commitment to promotion of resident research across the faculty led to a dramatic increase in resident publications. Our changes may be a model for other programs that have the financial resources and faculty commitment necessary to achieve a rapid turnaround.
Therapist Experience and “Style” as Factors in Co‐therapy

NOTE: SEVERAL PASSAGES HAVE BEEN TRANSPOSED IN THIS ARTICLE. IT HAS BEEN REPRINTED CORRECTLY IN VOL. 11, JUNE, 1972 AT PAGE 227 Self-descriptions of general in-therapy behavior, attitudes toward co-therapy, and ratings of co-therapy effectiveness were collected from 25 experienced (E) and 25 inexperienced (IE) therapists who treated a total of 48 married couples in co-therapy. Major findings were: (a) six different therapeutic “styles” emerged via factor analysis of the therapists' self-descriptions of in-therapy behavior, (b) E and IE therapists as a group had different personal therapeutic styles and preferences as to the style desired in a co-therapist, (c) subjectively rated effectiveness of co-therapy correlated with the degree of comfort felt by the therapist in the relationship and the acceptance by the co-therapist, and (d) there was evidence of a “point of diminishing returns” in satisfaction for therapists in general, which came with increasing experience in doing co-therapy.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Clinicopathologic study.

This study was undertaken to investigate the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic features of squamous cell carcinoma of the hug. The overall five-year survival rate for 734 patients was 5 percent, with a median survival of 5.9 months. Surgical excision for early-stage disease was particularly effective therapy. In 151 of 201 patients having surgical excision, the resections were deemed curative. Other modes of therapy proved ineffective, although a combination of radiation and chemotherapy provided cure in one of 39 patients; that patient is alive today after 11 years and three months.
Comparison of continuous and intermittent intravenous insulin therapies for diabetic ketoacidosis.

Twenty-six diabetic ketoacidotic patients were treated with 3 different intravenous insulin regimes. Group (A) received 50 U initially and at 2 h intervals. Groups (B) and (C) were given continuous infusions of 10 and 2 U per hour respectively without added albumin. In addition, Group (C) received a loading dose of 3 U. The dosages were reduced when serum glucose declined to 300 mg/100 ml. Criteria for admission to the study included a plasma glucose above 350 mg/100 ml, plasma bicarbonate less than 9 mmol/l, serum ketone-bodies detectable by nitroprusside test at 8-fold or greater dilution, and arterial pH less than 7.3. The rate of normalization of blood glucose, bicarbonate, ketone bodies, and pH did not differ between Group (A) and (B). In contrast, the changes in pH, glucose, and ketone-bodies were significantly slower in Group (C). Two patients of Group (C) had worsening of these biochemical parameters during the first 6 h. They were treated successfully with regimen A. At 2 h, plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations were 47±15, 135±19, and 25±3 μU/ml in previously untreated patients in Groups (A), (B) and (C), respectively. Potassium requirements to maintain adequate blood levels were significantly higher in Group (A). The data demonstrate that 10 U/h infusion of insulin is as effective as 50 U administered intravenously every 2 h. The amount of insulin infused should be reduced to 5 U/h when plasma glucose has declined to 300 mg/100 ml. The recovery is slow, plasma insulin concentration is inadequate and treatment failure may occur with very low insulin doses (2 U/h).
The Humanities in the Digital Age

Bruce Cole, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities, delivered welcoming remarks to participants at the 2008 WebWise Conference on Libraries and Museums in the Digital World in Miami Beach, Florida on March 6, 2008. In his remarks, he discussed the effect that digital technology is having on humanities scholarship and access, and described the Endowment’s efforts in the realm of the “digital humanities.”
Interleukin-1β increases binding of the iron regulatory protein and the synthesis of ferritin by increasing the labile iron pool

This study was undertaken to begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which cytokines influence intracellular iron homeostasis. Intracellular iron homeostasis is maintained by the coordinated regulation of ferritin and transferrin receptor synthesis. The synthesis of these proteins is coordinated by cytoplasmic iron regulatory proteins (IRP), which bind to iron responsive elements (IRE) on their mRNAs. We evaluated the effects of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on iron metabolism in human astrocytoma cells (SW1088). Exposure to IL-1beta for 16 h increased binding of the IRPs to the IRE and also increased ferritin synthesis. Using the iron sensitive dye calcein, we determined that the intracellular labile iron pool increased within 4 h of IL-1beta exposure and continued to increase for 8 h, returning to normal by 16 h. We propose that the cytokine induced increase in the labile iron pool stimulates ferritin synthesis resulting in a subsequent decrease in the labile iron pool. The decrease in the labile iron pool is consistent with the increase in IRE/IRP interaction measured at 16 h. These results indicate that cytokines can influence the labile iron pool and the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism for maintaining iron homeostasis. These results contribute to understanding the response of ferritin to inflammation by suggesting ferritin synthesis may reflect changes in the labile iron pool. The approach used in this study may provide a model system for studying relations between the labile iron pool and proteins responsible for maintaining intracellular homeostasis
Medical management of free-floating carotid thrombus.

Free floating thrombus of the carotid artery (FFT) is defined as n elongated thrombus attached to the arterial wall with circumerential blood flow at its distal most aspect, with cyclical motion elating to cardiac cycles. FFT is a rare condition and the actual ncidence is not known. It is more frequently reported in men than omen, with a ratio of nearly 2:1. The internal carotid artery is he most commonly affected (75%), with atherosclerosis being the ost common associated pathology [1]. The guidelines for treatment of FFT are not clear due to the rarty of this condition and the lack of comparative studies between edical management (anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet) and urgical management (stenting, carotid endarterectomy or carotid ypass surgery). Anecdotal evidence supports early initiation f intravenous unfractionated heparin (IV-UFH) to prevent troke recurrence in certain situations including acquired or nherited hypercoagulable states, extracranial cervicocephalic rterial dissection, and intraluminal arterial thrombus [2]. Urgent ndarterectomy or endovascular embolectomy has both been eported as successful treatments for this condition [1,3].
Organizational identification: Issues and implications

Abstract This article examines the identification of individuals with their employing organization, or organizational identification. In evaluating the identification process, three methodological considerations are discussed: (a) the composition of the identification construct, (b) the transference of identification behavior among alternative organizational targets, and (c) the behavioral mechanisms underlying the identification response. It was hypothesized that in a research and development (R & D) environment, organizational identification is inversely related to effectiveness, creativity, occupational identification, and internal group identification. Data analysis from an empirical study of 107 scientific and engineering personnel supported the relationships with effectiveness and creativity, thus indicating that behaviors related to organizational identification may produce dysfunctional as well as functional outcomes in organizations.
Lower bound on the local extragalactic magnetic field

Assuming that the hard \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray emission of Cen A is a result of synchrotron radiation of ultrarelativistic electrons, we derive a lower bound on the local extragalactic magnetic field, $Bg{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8} \mathrm{G}.$ This result is consistent with (and close to) upper bounds on magnetic fields derived from consideration of cosmic microwave background distortions and Faraday rotation measurements.
Elastic and petrophysical bounds for unconsolidated sediments

Velocity and density measured in a well are crucial for synthetic seismic generation which is, in turn, a key to interpreting real seismic amplitude in terms of lithology, porosity, and fluid. Since velocity and density curves are often of poor quality, or simply absent in older wells, it is important to be able to reconstruct these curves from reliable measurements, such as resistivity. For this purpose, a commonly used equation is by Faust (1953) which empirically relates the velocity and resistivity to the depth, and lithology. We analyzed this link by using rock physics transforms between the velocity, porosity, and mineralogy, with existing empirical and theoretical resistivity-porosity models and used a number of high-quality data sets to verify the results. We found that Faust’s equation is applicable to consolidated cemented sandstones with low clay content and porosity between 5 and 20%. It should not be used in shale or unconsolidated and/or uncemented rock. We offer a new resistivity-velocity equation appropriate for various textures of clastic sediment by using rock physics theory. Specifically, an analytical solution applicable to unconsolidated shale is a combination of the lower HashinShtrikman bound for resistivity and soft sand-shale model for velocity, which is the modified lower Hashin-Strikman elastic bound.
The State and Its Study The Whole and the Parts: The Third Annual John Gaus Lecture

ticism about "general propositions" seems in some way removed from the spirit that governed most analyses of modernization in the early years of the behavioral revolution, when the search for regularities and universal propositions was earnestly pursued. In a stimulating conceptual chapter, Pye discusses some of the ways in which his thinking about the modernization process has evolved since that time. 10. It is striking that both Samuel Huntington and Myron Weiner chose to conclude their contributions to the retrospective analysis they recently edited of scholarly thinking on political change in the Third World with a strong assertion of the need for greater attention to comparative analysis of the cultural dimensions of modernization. See Myron Weiner and Samuel Huntington, eds., Understanding Political Development (Little, Brown & Co., 1987), pp. 28 and 60.
Translocation of Neurospora crassa transcription factor NUC-1 into the nucleus is induced by phosphorus limitation.

Abstract Peleg, Y., Addison, R., Aramayo, R., and Metzenberg, R. L. 1996. Translocation of Neurospora crassa transcription factor NUC-1 into the nucleus is induced by phosphorus limitation. Fungal Genetics and Biology 20, 185–191. NUC-1, a basic helix–loop–helix zipper protein, activates the expression of several genes involved in phosphorus acquisition in Neurospora crassa. In the present study we investigated whether posttranscriptional mechanisms control the activity of NUC-1. The NUC-1 level was higher (up to fivefold) in wild-type cells grown at low external phosphate concentration and in mutant strains expressing the phosphorus acquisition genes constitutively than in a wild-type strain grown at high external phosphate concentration. Using indirect immunofluorescence we demonstrated that NUC-1 is localized at least predominantly in the cytosol when wild-type N. crassa is grown with an adequate supply of phosphate, whereas NUC-1 is largely concentrated in the nucleus upon limitation of external phosphate. In mutant strains expressing the phosphorus acquisition genes constitutively, NUC-1 localization was also primarily in the nucleus. Thus, subcellular compartmentation of regulatory proteins is an important mechanism in regulating gene expression in filamentous fungi.
N-Benzyl-3-sulfonamidopyrrolidines Are a New Class of Bacterial DNA Gyrase Inhibitors

This paper characterizes N-benzyl-3-sulfonamidopyrrolidines (gyramides) as DNA gyrase inhibitors. Gyramide A was previously shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity, which suggested it inhibited bacterial cell division. In this study, we conducted target identification studies and identified DNA gyrase as the primary target of gyramide A. The gyramide A resistance-determining region in DNA gyrase is adjacent to the DNA cleavage gate and is a new site for inhibitor design. We studied the antibiotic effects of gyramides A−C in combination with the Gram-negative efflux pump inhibitor MC-207,110 (60 μM). The gyramides had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.5−160 μM against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae; the compounds were ineffective against Enterococcus faecalis. The IC50 of gyramides A−C against E. coli DNA gyrase was 0.7−3.3 μM. The N-benzyl-3-sulfonamidopyrrolidines described in this manuscript represent a starting po...
Identification of deoxynucleoside-polyaromatic hydrocarbon adducts by capillary zone electrophoresis-continuous flow-fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry

Capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to continuous flow-fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry is shown to have utility for the detection and characterization of adducts formed by the covalent attachment of four polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and amino-PAH compounds to deoxyguanosine. Normal scanning provided structural information for a 1.3 ng injection of a model adduct, while 1.3 ng of each of a mixture of adducts was sufficient to determine their molecular weights by monitoring the constant neutral loss of deoxyribose. Exploitation of this loss in the multiple reaction monitoring mode resulted in the detection of low picogram amounts of target adducts in mixtures.
Structural Interpretation of Sandstone Dikes, Northwest Sacramento Valley, California

During a post-Turonian (Late Cretaceous)/pre-Pliocene deformation, the pre-Cretaceous basement rocks near Ono, California, yielded along several northerly trending, right-lateral slip faults; but apparently these faults died out in the thick, marine mudstones and sandstones of the overlying Budden Canyon Formation (Cretaceous). Instead, a swarm of approximately 150 sandstone dikes, individually up to 8 feet wide and several miles long, cuts Budden Canyon strata. The dikes are vertical or nearly vertical and most strike 45°–65°E. of the fault trends. Apexes of the acute angles between the two sets of structures point toward the direction of fault slip. This structural arrangement closely resembles experimentally-produced deformation patterns and suggests that the dikes represent fillings of tension gashes (feather joints) developed in the incompetent marine unit in response to strike-slip faulting in the underlying competent basement complex.
Enhancing Narrative Couple Therapy Process with an Enactment Scaffolding

Despite the growing popularity of narrative approaches to couple and family therapy and the demonstrated effectiveness of enact- ments—a clinical process typically articulated and utilized in more modern or positivistic approaches to therapy—there is very little, if any, literature exploring how enactments may fit within a narrative thera- peutic framework. In this paper we suggest: That narrative therapy theoretical assumptions, principles, and therapeutic processes may coexistwithinanenactmentframeworkarticulatedbyButlerandGard- ner; that such assumptions and processes may be enhanced when clini- cians use an enactment "scaffolding" throughout the therapeutic pro- cess; and that this enactment framework "empirically informs" the narrative therapy process and strengthens the stance of narrative ther- apy under the scrutiny of those claiming a need for an evidence basis in psychotherapy.
Resected pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer.

A review of 35 patients who, over an 18-year period, underwent excision of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer, is presented. The cumulative five-year survival rate was 22 per cent, and this was significantly increased where the primary colonic cancer was Dukes' A or B. No difference in survival was found regarding the disease-free interval and the number of metastatic lesions. The follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer should always include yearly chest x-rays; and when metastases developed in the lungs alone, surgery for their removal is recommended.
The potential energy surface for the oxywater radical cation transformation to hydrogen peroxide radical cation studied by density functional theory and ab initio methods. Are hybrid density functional methods as accurate as coupled-cluster ab initio methods?

Abstract The G1, G2, G2MP2 ab initio and 12 density functional theory (DFT) methods were applied to study the geometries, energies, activation barriers and vibrational spectra of “distonic” oxywater and hydrogen peroxide radical cations. The results were compared with values previously obtained by coupled-cluster including singlet, doublet and perturbatively treated connected triple excitations. Values obtained with G2 and CCSD ab initio methods are identical. From 12 DFT methods, the three hybrid methods (B3LYP, B3P86 and B3PW91) generate geometries, energies and vibrational spectra that are of the same quality as CCSD or G2. The hybrid DFT computed energy for the H 2 OO + [1–12] hydrogen shift to HOOH + is between 33 and 34 kcal mol −1 . This is very close to the 32–33 kcal mol −1 computed with G2 and CCSD. The trans hydrogen peroxide radical cation is found to be 7.8 kcal mol −1 more stable than its cis isomer. The value is exactly the same when computed with G2 and CCSD. The hybrid DFT computed vibrational spectra are slightly lower than CCSD values, which are believed to be even closer to the experimental values. Other DFT methods do not perform as well and they are not recommended for use in the computational study of cation radicals.
Intravenous Intralipid-Induced Blood Pressure Elevation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Obese African-Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Increased free fatty acids (FFAs) are leading candidates in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and hypertension in obese subjects. We evaluated the effect of sustained elevations of FFA on blood pressure, endothelial function, insulin secretion, inflammatory markers, and renin-angiotensin system. Research Design and Methods: Twenty-four obese, African-American, normotensive diabetic subjects received a sequential 48-h infusion of Intralipid (20%, 40 ml/h) plus heparin (250 units/h) or normal saline (40 ml/h) plus heparin (250 units/h). Results: Blood pressure was significantly increased within 4 h of lipid infusion and reached a peak increment of 13 mm Hg in systolic and 5 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure at 24 h (P < 0.01). Compared to baseline, lipid infusion reduced flow-mediated dilatation by 11% at 24 h and 18% at 48 h (P < 0.001). FFA and triglyceride levels increased from a baseline of 0.5 ± 0.2 mmol/liter and 135 ± 76 mg/dl to 1.8 ± 1.0 mmol/liter and 376 ± 314 mg/dl at 48 h, respectively (P < 0.01). C-Reactive protein increased by 35% at 24 h and by 110% at 48 h of lipid infusion. There were no significant changes in plasma renin and aldosterone levels during lipid or saline infusions. Conclusion: Increased FFA levels result in a rapid and sustained elevation in blood pressure, impaired endothelial function, and increased inflammatory markers in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. The model of FFA-induced hypertension may be useful in examining disease mechanisms associated with the development of hypertension in obese subjects.
WHEN DOES THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF WEEDS MATTER? PREDICTIONS FROM NEIGHBORHOOD MODELS

Good management models for postemergence weed control require good estimates of which weed density produces an economic threshold yield. Because intraweed competition increases if weeds are aggregated, weed spatial pattern may be an important factor for inclusion in management models. Mathematical models of weed-crop competition have demonstrated that this may be the case, but the small number of field studies examining the effect of weed spatial pattern have given variable results. These studies have used sampling units at arbitrary spatial scales for determining the level of aggregation in weed counts. We suggest that the neighborhood size for weed-crop competition is a natural scale for considering spatial pattern. We modeled crop yield resulting from weed competition as a function of the economic threshold, the level of competition within the neighborhood, neighborhood size, and the type and scale of weed pattern. From the model results, we predicted which weed traits would produce large shifts in threshold weed density as weed spatial pattern varies. For these weed species, consideration of spatial pattern in weed management models is predicted to be important. The systems most sensitive to weed spatial pattern are those with low economic thresholds, less competitive weeds, smaller neighborhoods, and aggregation at the scale of the neighborhood.
Effects of nasal obstruction on facial development

The relationship between nasal obstruction and facial growth is controversial. Much of the controversy relates to the lack of sophistication in quantifying nasal versus oral respiration and the lack of longitudinal data. Nevertheless, a number of studies in laboratory animals, nonhuman primates, and humans have shown a relationship between nasal airway obstruction and aberrant facial growth. In monkeys, occlusion of the nares with silicon plugs triggered deviant muscle function and altered morphogenesis. In general, the nasally obstructed animals had longer faces and unusual dental malocclusions. In human studies allergic, mouth-breathing children have longer, narrower faces and retrognathic jaws, compared with control subjects. Medical intervention has not been shown to influence the pattern of facial growth in children with allergies. Surgical therapy to relieve nasal airway obstruction in children (whether adenoidectomy or turbinectomy) has not been shown to predictably affect ultimate facial form. Therefore, although an increasing body of literature demonstrates a relationship between nasal airway obstruction and facial growth, the clinician should be cautious in prescribing aggressive therapy or in promising dramatic results.
Effect of Diet and Minerals on Recovery of “Insulin Activity” in Serum

Using an adipose tissue assay, “insulin activity” was fully recovered upon addition to normal rat sera. If rats were fed a diet containing Torula yeast as the source of protein, “insulin activity” added to such sera was only partially recovered. Serum does not normally contain an insulin-degrading system. Feeding of the Torula diet is known to produce a chromium deficiency which is characterized by a delayed glucose disappearance rate, but the addition of chromium salts to the diet did not restore recovery of “insulin activity” to normal. However, if the Torula diet was supplemented with an additional 1 % cystine, complete recovery of “insulin activity” added to the sera of such rats was observed. (Endocrinology 75: 752, 1964)
The state of amino acid residues in β-lactoglobulin

Abstract The extent of availability of the tryptophan, cysteine, and tyrosine residues of β-lactoglobulin has been examined under various conditions, using techniques of difference spectroscopy and chemical modification. It has been found that the solvent perturbation difference spectra of the tryptophans are independent of the state of association of this protein (monomer, dimer, octamer). Modification of the single cysteine residue per subunit affects the octamer formation to different extents, whether the derivative is neutral or carries a positive or negative charge. Of the four tyrosines per chain, two are readily available, one is hindered, and the fourth totally unavailable. These results are analyzed in terms of the known structural features of the protein, as well as of the various association reactions and conformational changes which it undergoes.
Partisanship During the Collapse Venezuela's Party System

Political parties are crucial for democratic politics; thus, the growing incidence of party and party system failure raises questions about the health of representative democracy the world over. This article examines the collapse of the Venezuelan party system, arguably one of the most institutionalized party systems in Latin America, by examining the individual-level basis behind the exodus of partisans from the traditional parties. Multinomial logit analysis of partisan identification in 1998, the pivotal moment of the system's complete collapse, indicates that people left the old system and began to support new parties because the traditional parties failed to incorporate and give voice to important ideas and interests in society while viable alternatives emerged to fill this void in representation. Los partidos politicos son cruciales para la democracia. Por ello, la creciente incidencia en el fracaso de partidos y sistemas de partidos en diferentes paises ha generado en los ultimos tiempos inquietud acerca del estado de la democracia en el mundo. A traves del estudio cuantitativo de cambios individuales en la identificacion y militancia partidaria, este articulo analiza el colapso en 1998 del sistema de partidos politicos en Venezuela, hasta entonces uno de los mas institucionalizados de America Latina. Las conclusiones indican que 1998 constituyo un momento critico en que una serie de venezolanos(as) decidieron abandonar los partidos tradicionales y apoyar a partidos nacientes. Ello fue el resultado de la incapacidad de Accion Democratica y COPEI de incorporar a segmentos importantes de la sociedad y dar voz a posiciones politicas e ideologicas distintas, asi como de ofrecer alternativas viables para llenar ese deficit de representacion.
Analysis of roundoff noise in floating point digital filters

A systematic approach for the analysis of roundoff noise in floating point digital filters is presented. The analysis is based on a high level model developed to deal with the errors in the inner product operation. The model consists of an efficient procedure to keep track of the addition scheme is used in the inner product, and to compute the statistics of the errors. The tractability of the analysis is demonstrated by deriving general expressions for the roundoff noise of FIR (finite impulse response) and IIR (infinite impulse response) filters. Also, the connection between coefficient sensitivity analysis and roundoff noise analysis is discussed. >
Molecular Modeling and Large-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of the Structure of Semicrystalline Poly[bis(phenoxy)phosphazene]

The structure and conformation of semicrystalline poly[bis(phenoxy)phosphazene] (PBPP) was studied using molecular mechanics including ad hoc quantum mechanically derived force field (FF) parameter...
Brain tissue oxygen monitoring in intracerebral hemorrhage.

Introduction: Brain tissue oxygen (PbrO2) monitoring is an emerging technique for detection of secondary brain injury in neurocritical care. Although it has been extensively reported in traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, its use in nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been well described. We report complementary preliminary studies in a large animal model and in patients that demonstrate the feasibility of PbrO2 monitoring after ICH. Methods: To assess early events after ICH, Licox Clark-type oxygen probes were inserted in the bilateral frontal white matter of four anesthetized swine that subsequently underwent right parietal hematoma formation in an experimental model of ICH. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored as well. Seven patients with acute ICH, who were undergoing ICP monitoring as part of standard neurocritical care, had placement of a frontal oxygen probe, with subsequent monitoring for up to 7 days. Results: In the swine ICH model, a rise in ICP early after hematoma formation was accompanied by a decrease in ipsilateral and contralateral PbrO2. Secondary increases in hematoma volume resulted in further decreases in PbrO2 over the first hour after ICH. In patients undergoing oxygen monitoring, low PbrO2 (<15 mmHg) was common. In these patients, changes in FiO2, mean arterial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure (but not ICP) predicted subsequent change in PbrO2. Conclusion: Brain tissue oxygen monitoring is feasible in ICH patients, as well as in a swine model of ICH. Translational research that emphasizes complementary information derived from human and animal studies may yield additional insights not available from either alone.
Use of olefin cross-metathesis to release azide-containing sugars from solid support.

The octenediol linker used during automated oligosaccharide assembly is cleaved by olefin cross-metathesis. Until now, this linker could not be applied to sugars containing azides. A detailed study...
Novel role of kallistatin in protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by preventing apoptosis and inflammation.

Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor that has been shown to reduce joint swelling and to inhibit inflammation in a rat model of arthritis. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of kallistatin on cardiac function after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. The human kallistatin gene in an adenoviral vector was delivered locally into rat heart 4 days before 30-min ischemia followed by 24-hr reperfusion. Kallistatin gene transfer significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and left ventricle end-diastolic pressure and improved cardiac contractility. Kallistatin significantly reduced I/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis as identified by TUNEL and Hoechst staining, DNA laddering, cell viability, and caspase-3 activity in ischemic myocardium and in primary cultured cardiomyocytes. Kallistatin also reduced intramyocardial monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in conjunction with decreased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and ...
A method for determining the carbonyl value in thermally oxidized fats

A simple method for the determination of the carbonyl value of thermally oxidized fats, using hydroxylamine hydrochloride, is described. Normal octyl alcohol containing pyridine was used as a solvent, and the reaction was allowed to proceed at room temperature for 24 hrs. The titrations were carried out with the aid of a pH meter. The method was standardized against aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. The results of analyses showed that the different pure compounds reacted to an extent of 98% or better at room temperature.
Distribution of antigenic and non-antigenic proteins in the organism.

Rabbits were injected with ovalbumin, bovine serum globulin, and rabbit serum globulin; the proteins were labeled by traces of radioiodine. Ovalbumin is rapibly eliminated from the blood and deposited in the reticuloendothelial organs where it is concentrated in the cytoplasmic granules. Rabbit serum globulin is present in the blood in higher concentration than in the tissues at all times up to 29 days. Bovine serum globulin behaves during the first days like the homologous globulin; after the onset of antibody formation it disappears from the blood, but is found in the cytoplasmic granules of liver and spleen over long periods of time. During the period of high concentration of the injected proteins in the blood, the specific incorporation of antigenic protein into the cytoplasmic granules of liver and spleen is obscured by nonspecific combination of the injected protein with all subcellular fractions.
Low temperature time and electric field dependence of the dielectric constant in amorphous materials

Abstract We report new behavior of the dielectric properties of amorphous materials (SiO2, SiOx and polymers) with respect to applied AC and DC fields. As reported previously, we have seen a discontinuous rise, followed by a logarithmic relaxation of the dielectric constant upon application of a DC bias. After allowing the capacitance to relax from several hours up to a full day, we can sweep through a dielectric “spectrum” by varying the DC bias. These sweeps clearly show hole formation located at the previously applied bias voltage. New measurements show that this relaxation can be influenced by small temperature oscillations which increase the relaxation rate.
Acidosis Causes Failure of Astrocyte Glutamate Uptake during Hypoxia

Failure of glutamate uptake during ischemia can lead to neurotoxic accumulations of glutamate in brain extracellular space. Hypoxia and acidosis are metabolic consequences of ischemia that may individually or in combination impair glutamate uptake. We used primary rat astrocyte cultures to study the effects of acidosis, chemical hypoxia, and the combination of acidosis plus chemical hypoxia on glutamate uptake. Chemical hypoxia alone reduced uptake by 35–45%. Reduction in pH from 7.4 to 5.8 also caused a significant but incomplete inhibition of glutamate uptake, and this effect was more pronounced in medium buffered with CO2/ bicarbonate. However, the combination of chemical hypoxia plus acidosis reduced glutamate uptake to below 10% of controls. Astrocyte ATP levels, like glutamate uptake, were significantly reduced by chemical hypoxia and further reduced by the combination of hypoxia plus acidosis. Acidosis under normoxic conditions had no significant effect on astrocyte ATP levels. These results sugges...