cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructure formation and kinetics in the random sequential adsorption of polydisperse tethered nanoparticles modeled as hard disks

Nanotechnological applications have been proposed which require components to self-assemble into mesoscale structures. For example, nanoscale sensors, quantum memory devices, or photonic materials might comprise regular arrays of particles assembled on a substrate. Previously, we studied the random sequential adsorption kinetics and the structural phase behavior of a two-dimensional model of particles (hard disks) tethered to a substrate. The tethers restrict particle surface mobility which affects the nonequilibrium phases of the developing monolayer adsorbed to the surface. Here, we explore the effect of Gaussian polydispersity on the tethered random sequential adsorption process. Liquid, hexatic, and crystal phases are observed in the simulations. For size-monodisperse systems, short tethers (one particle radius or less) allow only liquid structures, intermediate tethers (one to four particle radii) allow a hexatic structure at high coverages, and long-tethered systems develop through liquid and hexati...
APPROPRIATE BONE DENSITY FOR HEIGHT IN ESTROGEN-TREATED ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH TURNER SYNDROME. † 570

APPROPRIATE BONE DENSITY FOR HEIGHT IN ESTROGEN-TREATED ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH TURNER SYNDROME. † 570
Why the reduction of Hg(cyclam)2+ exhibits a single voltammetric peak while the oxidation of Hg in the presence of cyclam produces two voltammetric peaks

Abstract The cyclic voltammetric response of Hg(cyclam) 2+ at mercury electrodes consists of a single cathodic and a single anodic wave. By contrast, two anodic and two cathodic peaks appear in cyclic voltammograms for the free cyclam ligand (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) in unbuffered solutions at mercury electrodes. An explanation for the differences in the voltammetric responses is provided. It is based on the acid—base chemistry of cyclam and the unequal diffusion coefficients of protonated cyclam and the hydroxide ion.
HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME

Few reports have linked glucose intolerance to acute renal failure. We therefore evaluated hyperglycemia (hGlu) noted in a 3 yr. old white male with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after institution of peritoneal dialysis for oliguria and subsequent hemodialysis. Blood glucose (BG) values ≥ 1000 mg/dl and plasma glucagon levels of ≥ 1000 pg/ml were documented during the oliguric stage. Hyperglucagonemia (hGn) persisted but hGlu resolved with improvement in renal function. Insulin therapy was discontinued before discharge at which time blood glucose was normal, creatinine was 0.7, and total glycosylated hemoglobin (Hgb A1) was 7.5% (n1= 5-9). Three days after discharge hGlu was again documented, but subsequent followup demonstrated normal random glucose levels and elevated glucagon values. Two months later a random BG was 302 mg/dl and Hgb A1 was 11.3%. Pasting BG was 109 mg/dl, increased 1 hr p.c. to 240 mg/dl, and remained elevated for 10 hrs (191-385 mg/dl). Simultaneous insulin levels were ≤ 16 μU/ml. Intravenous tolbutamide and arginine each failed to stimulate insulin secretion. Glucagon levels also did not increase after arginine, whereas in diabetics an excess response is observed. While glucose intolerance and hGn have been documented in chronic uremia in adults, this patient clearly differs by showing both hypoinsulinemia, hGn, and persistent hGlu after return of normal renal function. The findings suggest a role for altered islet cell functions in the pathogenesis of hyperqlycemia associated with HUS.
Positive dependence orderings

This paper presents a systematic basis for studying orderings of bivariate distributions according to their degree of positive dependence. The general concept of a positive dependence ordering (PDO) is introduced and its properties discussed. Based on this concept, a new ordering of bivariate distributions according to their degree of total positivity of order two (TP2) is presented, and is shown to be a PDO. Properties of this TP2 ordering are derived and numerous applications are presented.
Controversies in iron management.

Controversies in iron management. Background Iron therapy is required in hemodialysis patients receiving erythropoietic stimulators in order to achieve the target hemoglobin in the most efficient way. While oral iron has been disappointing in this regard, parenteral iron has been widely used, despite a significant incidence of severe side effects when iron dextran is used. The recent availability of a more effective form of oral iron (heme-iron), and safer forms of parenteral iron (iron sucrose and iron gluconate) has made iron management in this population simpler. Many questions remain, however, about the use, efficacy, and safety of these compounds in hemodialysis patients. Methods Current literature was reviewed and combined with the authors' clinical experience to address a number of current questions regarding the use of iron in hemodialysis patients. Results Although oral non-heme iron is infrequently sufficient to maintain iron stores in hemodialysis patients, recent studies suggest that heme-iron may be more useful in this regard. Heme-iron is absorbed to a greater extent than non-heme iron, and is better tolerated. Small studies have shown that when heme-iron is administered, less parenteral iron and lower doses of erythropoietin (EPO) are needed to maintain target hemoglobin. Current evidence suggests that both iron sucrose and iron gluconate are safer than iron dextran, and the latter should only be used in extraordinary circumstances. While in vitro studies have demonstrated some differences in the effects of iron sucrose and iron gluconate on cellular toxicity, the clinical importance of these has not been determined. Both compounds can be used safely for repletion and maintenance therapy, and doses of up to 300mg of either are generally well tolerated when such higher doses are needed, as in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients or chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients not on dialysis. Conclusion A number of questions remain regarding the appropriate use, efficacy, and potential toxicity of iron therapy in dialysis patients. Further prospective research should address the myriad questions raised in this review.
A commentary on “Does the Fed contribute to a political business cycle?”

Abrams and Iossifov (2006) find that during 1957–2004, monetary policy turned significantly more expansionary prior to U.S. presidential elections when the Federal Reserve chairman and the incumbent president belonged to the same political party. However, their long sample period obscures changes in trends during the period stemming from advances in macroeconomic theory and in the implementation of monetary policy. Indeed, when one considers only the Volcker–Greenspan era (1979–2004), there is insufficient evidence to accept the notion of a political business cycle effect.
How will climate change spatially affect agriculture production in Ethiopia? Case studies of important cereal crops

Nearly all of Ethiopia's agriculture is dependent on rainfall, particularly the amount and seasonal occurrence. Future climate change predictions agree that changes in rainfall, temperature, and seasonality will impact Ethiopia with dramatic consequences. When, where, and how these changes will transpire has not been adequately addressed. The objective of our study was to model how projected climate change scenarios will spatially and temporally impact cereal production, a dietary staple for millions of Ethiopians. We used Maxent software fit with crop data collected from household surveys and bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim database to develop spatially explicit models of crop production in Ethiopia. Our results were extrapolated to three climate change projections (i.e., Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Hadley Centre Coupled Model v3, and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), each having two emission scenarios. Model evaluations indicated that our results had strong predictability for all four cereal crops with area under the curve values of 0.79, 0.81, 0.79, and 0.83 for teff, maize, sorghum, and barley, respectively. As expected, bioclimatic variables related to rainfall were the greatest predictors for all four cereal crops. All models showed similar decreasing spatial trends in cereal production. In addition, there were geographic shifts in land suitability which need to be accounted for when assessing overall vulnerability to climate change. The ability to adapt to climate changewill becritical for Ethiopia's agricultural system and food security. Spatially explicit models will be vital for developing early warning systems, adaptive strategies, and policy to minimize the negative impacts of climate change on food production.
An Averaging Approach for Noisy Strongly Nonlinear Periodically Forced Systems

The purpose of this work is to develop a unified approach to study the dynamics of single degree of freedom systems excited by both periodic and random perturbations. The near resonant motion of such systems is not well understood. We will study this problem in depth with the aim of discovering a common geometric structure in the phase space, and to determine the effects of noisy perturbations on the passage of trajectories through the resonance zone. We consider the noisy, periodically driven Duffing equation as a prototypical single degree of freedom system and achieve a model-reduction through stochastic averaging. Depending on the strength of the noise, reduced Markov process takes its values on a line or on graph with certain gluing conditions at the vertex of the graph. The reduced model will provide a framework for computing standard statistical measures of dynamics and stability, namely, mean exit times, probability density functions, and stochastic bifurcations. This work will also explain a counter-intuitive phenomena of stochastic resonance, in which a weak periodic force in a nonlinear system can be enhanced by the addition of external noise.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Photodissociation of Gaseous NCl3 at 193 and 249 nm

The optical absorption spectrum of gaseous NCl3 was measured from 170 to 350 nm, and experiments were performed in which this molecule was irradiated with a pulsed laser at 193 nm and 249 nm. Photo...
On the wavelength dependence of picosecond relaxation in crystal violet

Abstract The depopulation-repopulation kinetics of ground-state crystal violet in glycerol at room temperature has been investigated. A D 2 O generated picosecond continuum served as a probe source and a 530 nm single pulse as an excitation source. The repopulation rate varies with probe wavelength; this dependence is ascribed to the presence of two rotamers of crystal violet.
Reply by J.R. Wait [to 'Comments on "Calculated channel characteristics of a braided coaxial cable in a mine tunnel" ']

Summary form only given, as follows. Prof. Delogne has made some very useful and pertinent comments on the subject of this paper. An improved but, alas, a more complicated approach to the coupling losses is contained in a recent paper, "Calculated transmission loss for a leaky feeder communication system in a circular tunnel," by D.A. Hill and J.R. Wait, Radio Sci., vol. 11, pp. 315-321, Apr. 1976.
The Mechanism of Budding of Retroviruses from Cell Membranes

Retroviruses have evolved a mechanism for the release of particles from the cell membrane that appropriates cellular protein complexes, referred to as ESCRT-I, -II, -III, normally involved in the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies. Three different classes of late assembly (L) domains encoded in Gag, with core sequences of PPXY, PTAP, and YPXL, recruit different components of the ESCRT machinery to form a budding complex for virus release. Here, we highlight recent progress in identifying the role of different ESCRT complexes in facilitating budding, ubiquitination, and membrane targeting of avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV) and human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). These findings show that retroviruses may adopt parallel budding pathways by recruiting different host factors from common cellular machinery for particle release.
Sales Forecasting Errors and Inventory Fluctutions: Random Errors and Random Sales

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of errors in the sales forecast on inventory changes and production rates. This is done by computing the ratio of the standard deviation of inventory change or production rate to the standard deviation of sales rate. By use of this ratio the effects of the average forecast error, the variance of the forecast error, and the serial correlation of sales can be studied. Both analytical method and simulation procedures are used.
Craniofacial team management in Apert syndrome.

Introduction Apert syndrome is one of the rarest of the craniosynostosis syndromes. Affected persons have extensive structural and functional impairments, some of which can be life threatening. Management requires team care from infancy to adulthood. The purposes of this article are to assess the outcomes in individuals with Apert syndrome after completion of treatment and to review current protocols for craniofacial team care and dental, orthodontic, and orthognathic surgical management. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 8 subjects with Apert syndrome. Cephalograms at 2 time points were compared: adolescence (before midface advancement) and at least 1 year after advancement. The cephalometric values were compared with paired t tests. Team protocols are delineated. Results Measurements indicating forward positioning of the maxilla increased significantly: SNA by 10.7° ( P = 0.002) and midface length by 9.6 mm ( P = 0.002). Sagittal jaw relationship improved significantly as well: ANB by 14° ( P = 0.004) and the Wits appraisal by 8 mm ( P = 0.003). Vertical dimensions also increased. Conclusions All individuals had significantly improved and stable positions of the midface and normalized facial profiles after treatment.
Higher-twist effects in QCD, deep inelastic scattering, and the Drell-Yan process

Inclusion of specific effects associated with constituent binding in hadronic wave functions is shown to lead to important non-scaling, nonfactorizing 1/Q2 contributions to cross sections for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, the Drell-Yan process, and other hard scattering reactions. These 1/Q2 higher-twist terms are predicted to be dominant in well defined kinematic regions such as largex and/or largez. The provide angular distributions typical of longitudinally polarized virtual photons andW's, including sin2 θ terms in meson induced Drell-Yan processes and ine+e−→πX, as well as unusual (1−y) terms in deep-inelastic scattering. Calculations are also presented of the quark structure functions of the pionqπ(x, Q2) and for the quark to pion fragmentation functionDπ(z, Q2). Predictions are made for the azimuthal angle dependence of the cross sections for\(\pi N \to \mu {\text{ }}\bar \mu X\) andlN→l′πX.
Public Stigma of Mental Illness in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review

Public stigma is a pervasive barrier that prevents many individuals in the U.S. from engaging in mental health care. This systematic literature review aims to: (1) evaluate methods used to study the public’s stigma toward mental disorders, (2) summarize stigma findings focused on the public’s stigmatizing beliefs and actions and attitudes toward mental health treatment for children and adults with mental illness, and (3) draw recommendations for reducing stigma towards individuals with mental disorders and advance research in this area. Public stigma of mental illness in the U.S. was widespread. Findings can inform interventions to reduce the public’s stigma of mental illness.
The Religion of Restoration England

The Restoration of 1660 restored not only the Stuart dynasty but the Anglican church. Both were mistakes of the first magnitude, partiqilarly the restoration of the Established church because it lasted longer. James II's unparalleled Unwisdom brought the Revolution of 1688 quickly and unanimously. No archbishop has to date so conducted himself as to bring a 1688 to Anglicanism. Recent discussion relating to the role of the church in the unusual abdication of 1936, and the no less unusual coronation of 1937, testifies to both its strength and its insecurity two hundred and fifty years after the Stuart dynasty, its curious restorer, had descended to pretenders and romance.
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of baclofen and gabapentin for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence

Abstract Objective To conduct a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of two GABAergic medications, baclofen (20 mg tid) and gabapentin (800 mg tid), for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence. Methods Adults with methamphetamine dependence were randomized to one of three conditions for 16 weeks: baclofen ( n = 25), gabapentin ( n = 26) or placebo ( n = 37). All participants attended clinic thrice weekly to receive study medication and psychosocial counseling, complete study assessments, and provide urine samples. Results No statistically significant main effects for baclofen or gabapentin in reducing methamphetamine use were observed using a generalized estimating equation (GEE). A significant treatment effect was found in post hoc analyses for baclofen, but not gabapentin, relative to placebo among participants who reported taking a higher percentage of study medication (significant treatment group and medication adherence interaction in GEE model of methamphetamine use). Conclusions While gabapentin does not appear to be effective in treating methamphetamine dependence, baclofen may have a small treatment effect relative to placebo. Future studies evaluating the effectiveness of baclofen and other GABAergic agents for treatment of methamphetamine may be warranted.
Direct-vision aortic valvotomy: Predecessor to modern aortic surgery

Abstract In 1956, Swan and Kortz described a direct-vision aortic valvotomy performed through a transaortic approach during caval occlusion and moderate hypothermia. The rationale for this approach was based on careful thought and review of relevant information that was available at that time. Although cardiopulmonary bypass has since supplanted inflow occlusion to enable exposure of the aortic valve during operation, the principles considered by Swan and Kortz have survived decades of change. Their contribution heralded the beginning of modem aortic surgery while demonstrating the carefulness of thought supported by the audaciousness of conviction that characterizes innovation in surgery.
Temporal Fluctuations in Density and Diversity of Desert Rodent Populations

Species composition and density were studied in two areas on a watershed in the Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico. The upper portion of the watershed, a creosotebush community, supported “resident” populations of Dipodomys merriami , Perognathus penicillatus , Neotoma sp., and Onychomys torridus . The lower portion of the watershed, which drained into a grass-covered dry lake, supported Sigmodon hispidus , Reithrodontomys megalotis , Dipodomys ordii , and Spermophilus spilosoma , in addition to the species found in the creosotebush area. Most “resident” species responded to fluctuations in rainfall and primary production by reduction in density during drought periods and a 10 to 12 month lag in population recovery during extended periods of favorable rainfall and plant production. Transient species such as Peromyscus sp. and Mus musculus established breeding populations on both sites during periods of more mesic conditions and reached densities that exceeded those of “resident” species. The rapid increase in population numbers of transient species when compared to the resident heteromyids was due to the higher reproductive potential of the cricetids. The species diversity index (H') nearly doubled during a period of above average rainfall which was proceeded by drought. Changes in species diversity in time was correlated with rainfall and productivity. The dynamics of these Chihuahuan Desert rodent communities are considered in terms of immigration and extinction as the suitability of habitat islands change through time.
1,700-Myr greenstone volcanic successions in southwestern North America and isotopic evolution of Proterozoic mantle

The formation of continental crust over the past 3,800 Myr has depleted the mantle of large-ion lithophile elements1. A knowledge of the timing of the depletion and the degree of chemical homogeneity of the depleted mantle over the history of the Earth is important to understand the development of the continents, their recycling back into the mantle2–6, and the nature of convection and mixing in the ancient mantle. This may be inferred by determining the initial 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of igneous rocks that were derived from the mantle at various times. Initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios of ∼1,700-Myr greenstones from the Rocky Mountains range from eNd = +3.3 to +6.5, the highest values yet observed for mid-Proterozoic rocks. These data constrain the change in eNd of depleted mantle to be only 2–3 e units over the past ∼1,700 Myr which supports the hypothesis of significant recycling of continental crust into the mantle2,3.
Hot gluon plasma at large distances

The authors study some general features of a pure gluon plasma in the regime of high temperature and large distances. Starting from the continuum four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory in the imaginary-time formalism, they outline how it becomes dimensionally reduced to a three-dimensional theory in the above regime. They discuss the effects of electric gluons on this reduction and show that, in such a regime and to all perturbative orders, electric gluons in internal lines and, in particular, a direct quartic coupling of such gluons, yield subdominant contributions. They carry out a new renormalisation group analysis and find that the only renormalisation group equation in that regime is the trivial one, associated with superrenormalisable theories. It is, then, argued that there are no free magnetic gluons in that regime. Alternatively, they test the stability properties of the nonreduced Yang-Mills theory in the limit of high temperature and large distance, by calculating the damping constant of the gluon plasma in the real-time formalism. They find the plasma to be unstable to small oscillations of the colour field. They argue that this is what could be expected for a system with a confined phase such as the magnetic gluon sector of the dimensionally reduced Yang-Mills theory.
Management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children

Abstract Purpose We characterize the outcomes of pediatric spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the largest series to date and propose a management pathway. Methods All patients at our institution with ICD-9 code 518.1 confirmed to have isolated radiographic findings of spontaneous pneumomediastinum between January 2003 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed for admission, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, complications, and outcome. Results We identified 96 children with 99 episodes, median age 14.1years (IQR: 8.7–16.4). Primary symptoms were chest pain, cough, and dyspnea. Most were hospitalized (n=91, 91.9%), with 20 (20.2%) admitted to ICU. Median lengths of stay (LOS) were 1day (IQR: 1–2) for non-ICU admissions and 3days (IQR: 2–3) for ICU admissions. The surgical service discharged non-ICU patients 0.94days earlier than medical services (95% CI 0.38–1.50, p =0.0014). Asthma affected neither LOS nor ICU admission rates. Follow-up imaging, when obtained (n=81, 81.8%), did not alter management. Recurrences occurred in three asthmatics, all after one year. Each was rehospitalized and discharged uneventfully. No patient developed pneumomediastinum-related complications (e.g., pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, or mediastinitis). Conclusion Spontaneous pneumomediastinum without associated comorbidities can be managed with expectant outpatient observation without further imaging. Children with asthma should be treated independent of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
Exact many-body solution of the periodic-cluster t-t'-J model for cubic systems: Ground-state properties.

The {ital t}-{ital t}{prime}-{ital J} model (strongly interacting limit of a particular Hubbard model) is solved exactly on small clusters of eight sites with periodic boundary conditions for the simple-, body-centered-, and face-centered-cubic lattices and for the two-dimensional square lattice. The symmetry, {ital k} vector, and spin of the ground state are studied as functions of crystalline environment, interaction strength, and electron concentration. Phase diagrams are presented for stable solutions, and regions of parameter space that exhibit ferromagnetism and heavy-fermionic behavior are identified.
Noise can help: accurate and efficient per-flow latency measurement without packet probing and time stamping

With the growth in number and significance of the emerging applications that require extremely low latencies, network operators are facing increasing need to perform latency measurement on per-flow basis for network monitoring and troubleshooting. In this paper, we propose COLATE, the first per-flow latency measurement scheme that requires no probe packets and time stamping. Given a set of observation points, COLATE records packet timing information at each point so that later for any two points, it can accurately estimate the average and standard deviation of the latencies experienced by the packets of any flow in passing the two points. The key idea is that when recording packet timing information, COLATE purposely allows noise to be introduced for minimizing storage space, and when querying the latency of a target flow, COLATE uses statistical techniques to denoise and obtain an accurate latency estimate. COLATE is designed to be efficiently implementable on network middleboxes. In terms of processing overhead, COLATE performs only one hash and one memory update per packet. In terms of storage space, COLATE uses less than 0.1 bit per packet, which means that, on a backbone link with about half a million packets per second, using a 256GB drive, COLATE can accumulate time stamps of packets traversing the link for over 1.5 years. We evaluated COLATE using three real traffic traces that include a backbone traffic trace, an enterprise network traffic trace, and a data center traffic trace. Results show that COLATE always achieves the required reliability for any given confidence interval.
Achieving a High Performance Operating Room Staff

The evolution of high-performance arthroplasty implants and surgical techniques requires an operating room team geared to address the accelerated expectations of these modern practices. By critically addressing several key questions about oneself and one's practice, the surgeon can play a key role in the move to a high-performance operating room staff environment. The reality of wide variations in surgeons, staffs, and resources means that this article represents a subjective analysis whose conclusions be applied on a case-by-case basis. This review highlights the components and pitfalls in the process of creating a high-performance operating room.
Home away from home: factors associated with current functioning in children living in a residential treatment setting.

Abstract Objective: While recent research has focused on the impact of abuse and other interpersonal traumas in childhood, little attention has been given to the experiences of children who have been removed from their homes. In addition to trauma, these children are likely to have had a number of experiences that may impact their current functioning. The purpose of this study was to provide descriptive information pertaining to the unique characteristics of children in residential treatment centers, and to examine preliminary factors believed to be associated with current functioning. Methods: Participants included 41 children, aged 7–12, recruited from two treatment centers in the rural Midwest. Children were administered the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) and participated in a brief interview. Each child’s primary caregiver at the facility completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: Results of the descriptive analyses painted a picture of chaotic childhood marked by significant stress and trauma. Gender, child’s satisfaction with current discharge plan, and multiple traumatic experiences were found to be associated with variations in symptomatology. Conclusions: Findings may assist service providers and caregivers in understanding the unique experiences of this population.
Functional anatomy of an allosteric protein

ϕ analysis provides a means to tease apart the dynamics of fast conformational changes in proteins by analysing the thermodynamic impact of point mutations. Purohit et al. apply this approach on a grand scale to map energy changes associated with the opening and closing of an acetylcholine receptor.
Idiopathic neuropathy: new paradigms, new promise

Idiopathic neuropathy, now designated as chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP), is a major public health problem in the United States. The disorder affects an estimated 5-8 million Americans, comprising about one-third of patients with neuropathy, based on data from referral centers. Typically, patients develop symptoms in the sixth decade or older. The onset is insidious, with numbness, paresthesias, and pain appearing over months to years. Although strength is generally preserved, the sensory loss and pain can be disabling. The clinical approach to this condition has evolved in important ways over the years, enabling improved diagnosis and characterization of this population. Current work has focused on identifying modifiable risk factors that may be associated with idiopathic neuropathy. The results may suggest that an underlying mechanism such as oxidative stress contributes to the development of CIAP.
A new increasing failure rate model for life time data

Abstract A versatile failure model is being developed in the present article and its various properties are discussed. The model belongs to the exponential family. For illustration, numerical data are presented which fit the model.
An empirical estimate of the multivariate normality of hyperspectral image data

Historically, much of spectral image analysis revolves around assumptions of multivariate normality. If the background spectral distribution can be assumed to be multivariate normal, then algorithms for anomaly detection, target detection, and classification can be developed around that assumption. However, as the current generation sensors typically have higher spatial and/or spectral resolution, the spectral distribution complexity of the data collected is increasing and these assumptions are no longer adequate, particularly image-wide. However, large portions of the imagery may be accurately described by a multivariate normal distribution. A new empirical method for assessing the multivariate normality of a hyperspectral distribution is presented here. This method assesses the multivariate normality of individual spectral image tiles and is applied to the large area search problem. Additionally, the methodology is applied to a selection of full hyperspectral data sets for general content evaluation. This information can be used to indicate the degree of multivariate normality (or complexity) of the data or data regions and to determine the appropriate algorithm to use globally or locally for spatially adaptive processing.
Using Detailed Inter-network Simulation and Model Abstraction to Investigate and Evaluate Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) Support Technologies

The Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) program is performing a technology investigation into global communications, data mining and warehousing, and data fusion technologies by focusing on techniques and methodologies that support twenty first century military distributed collaboration. Advancement of these technologies is vitally important if military decision makers are to have the right data, in the right format, at the right time and place to support making the right decisions within available timelines. A quantitative understanding of individual and combinational effects arising from the application of technologies within a framework is presently far too complex to evaluate at more than a cursory depth. In order to facilitate quantitative analysis under these circumstances, the Distributed Information Enterprise Modeling and Simulation (DIEMS) team was formed to apply modeling and simulation (M&S) techniques to help in addressing JBI analysis challenges. The DIEMS team has been tasked utilizing collaborative distributed M&S architectures to quantitatively evaluate JBI technologies and tradeoffs. This paper first presents a high level view of the DIEMS project. Once this approach has been established, a more concentrated view of the detailed communications simulation techniques used in generating the underlying support data sets is presented.
Prolegomenon: Addressing the tyranny of old ideas

The concept of behaviorism and its influence on research and practice in human communication sciences and disorders is critically reviewed; historical and critical analysis suggests that this concept is less beneficial than once believed. Consequently, suggestions are made to overcome some of its influence. Based on the contemporary philosophy of science termed “scientific realism”, suggestions for more qualitative research methodologies are discussed. A demonstration of how scientific realism provides a context for employing the concept of generalization in qualitative research is provided.
The isotopic composition of titanium in the Allende and Leoville meteorites

We describe the analytical techniques developed for the precise measurement of the titanium isotope abundances using a TiO^+ ion beam. Terrestrial, lunar, and bulk meteorite samples yield identical results. Using a normalization to ^(46)Ti/^(48)Ti for mass dependent isotope fractionation, we obtain the normal Ti composition: ^(46)Ti/^(48)Ti = 0.108548; ^(47)Ti/^(48)Ti = 0.099315 ± 0.000005; ^(49)Ti/^(48)Ti = 0.074463 ± 0.000004; ^(50)Ti/^(48)Ti = 0.072418 ± 0.000004 (2σ grand mean), taking ^(18)O/^(16)O = 0.00037. Measurements on thirteen coarse-grained and fine-grained Ca-Al-Ti-rich inclusions from the Allende and Leoville meteorites show the presence of widespread, significant, nonlinear isotope anomalies in the Ti isotopes which were not used for normalization. The data require the addition of at least three exotic components. The distinct correlation of non-linear effects for the most neutron-rich isotopes of Ca and Ti and the absence of substantial effects at ^(46)Ca in the FUN samples EK-1-4-1 and C-1 indicate that the effects reflect neutron-rich equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium nucleosynthetic processes in the outer layers of a supernova core. The results on Ca and Ti in conjunction with the isotopic effects on other elements (Mg, Sr, Ba, Nd, Sm) show that the samples represent mixtures of different nucleosynthetic components from distinctive processes (‘e’, ‘r’, ‘p’) which do not appear to be related to processes in the same stellar sites.
On real-time transactions

Next generation real-time systems will require greater flexibility and predictability than is commonly found in today's systems. These future systems include the space station, integrated vision/robotics/AI systems, collections of humans/robots coordinating to achieve common objectives (usually in hazardous environments such as undersea exploration or chemical plants), and various command and control applications. The complexity of such systems due to timing constraints, concurrency, and distribution is high. It is accepted that the synchronization, failure atomicity, and permanence properties of transactions aid in the development of distributed systems. However, little work has been done in exploiting transactions in a real-time context. We have been attempting to categorize real-time data into classes depending on their time, synchronization, atomicity, and permanence properties. Then, using the semantics of the data and the applications, we are developing special, tailored, real-time transactions that only supply the minimal properties necessary for that class. This reduces the system overhead in supporting access to various types of data. The eventual goal is to verify that timing requirements can be met.
Switching from drip to oral diltiazem therapy

(1998). Switching from drip to oral diltiazem therapy. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 104, No. 4, pp. 37-37.
A method for constructing balanced incomplete-block designs with nested rows and columns

SUMMARY A general method for constructing balanced incomplete-block designs with nested rows and columns is presented. Many designs are obtained in which none of the treatmentblock, treatment-row and treatment-column incidence matrices is the incidence matrix of a balanced incomplete-block design. If the method of construction is applied to a generally balanced design, then the resulting design is also generally balanced.
The Fundamental Ontology of Study

In an effort to disrupt the hegemonic dominance of learning theory, in this article Tyson Lewis explores the unique educational logic of studying. Drawing on the work of Giorgio Agamben, we can understand the operation of study as one of suspension through three modes: preferring not; no longer, not yet; and as not. But the relationship between the operation of suspension and the everyday mode of learning remains an open question requiring further analysis. In order to accomplish this task, it is important to remember that for Agamben, study is a kind of profanation or improper life. Through examining Heidegger's analytic of Dasein's everyday being, Lewis demonstrates that the nature of study is always already saturated with the everyday, and is itself a contaminated process that is neither simply everyday living nor “authentic” existence. To be absolutely precise, the studier engages in idle talk, is curious, and is caught up in ambiguity in order to explore the seemingly uninhabitable zone that rests between everyday falling and authentically standing. Lewis concludes by offering Agamben's own work as a paradigm of study, illustrating how the smallest of freedoms opens to the studier: the freedom to dwell in potentiality.
Implementations of Quantum-dot Cellular Automata

An introduction to quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is presented along with experimental implementations. QCA is a transistorless nanoelectronic computation paradigm that addresses the issues of device and power density, which are becoming increasingly important in the electronics industry. Scaling of CMOS is expected to come to an end in the next 10-15 years, with perhaps the most important limiting problem being the power density and the resulting heat generated. QCA offers the possibility of circuitry that dissipates many orders of magnitude less power than CMOS, is scalable to molecular dimensions, and provides the power gain necessary to restore signal levels.
The influence of the meaning of pictures and words on Web page recognition performance

Firms spend high sums trying to make their "home" page as memorable as possible to attract repeat visits. For this purpose, fancy pictures and words are used to catch the attention of visitors. Interestingly, the effectiveness of all of this effort is nearly completely unknown. This study investigated how picture and word selections affected the recognition success rates of the sites visited by subjects. The clear finding in cognitive psychology is that meaningful pictures (Bower et al., 1975) and words (Wanner, 1968) are remembered with much higher performance than non-meaningful ones. In corporate Web sites, therefore, attention can be paid to the meaningfulness of both pictures and words in attempting to make them more memorable. Building on previous research by cognitive researchers that suggests higher memory retention for meaningful pictures and words versus meaningless ones, we hypothesized that Web pages where the salient picture and words are both business-meaning related (BMBM) will be much easier to remember than those with only dictionary meaning or no meaning at all, and that those with dictionary meaning (DMDM) will be easier to remember than those with no meaning. An experiment with 41 participants was performed to test these hypotheses. All possible combinations of pictures and text with no meaning, dictionary meaning, and business meaning form a 3 /spl times/ 3 matrix. Support was found for two of the three hypotheses; the recognition success rate of the combination BMBM was statistically much better than any of the other groups (with the exception of the group DMDM for which it was about the same). Rather than appealing to fancy pictures and words, this study suggests that companies should aim at having consistent business-related meaningful salient pictures and words in their main Web pages. Future research should manipulate the time delay between stimulus and measurement (e.g.; hours, days, etc.) perhaps to reduce the mean scores and increase variability, as well as to investigate interactions of the meaningfulness of the salient elements with other graphics and page elements.
Fabrication of Crystalline Semiconductor Nanowires by Vapor-Liquid-Solid Glancing Angle Deposition (VLS-GLAD) Technique

Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method has become one of the few and most powerful bottom-up single crystal nanowire growth techniques in nanotechnology due to its easy scalability from micro to nano feature sizes, high throughput, relatively low cost, and its applicability to various semiconductor materials. On the other hand, control of growth direction and crystal orientation of nanowires, which determine their electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, stand as major issues in VLS technique. In this study, we demonstrate a new vapor-liquid-solid glancing angle deposition (VLS-GLAD) fabrication approach to produce crystalline semiconductor nanowires with controlled geometry. VLS-GLAD is a physical vapor deposition nanowire fabrication approach based on selective deposition of nanowire source atoms onto metal catalyst nanoislands placed on a crystal wafer. In this technique, collimated obliquely incident flux of source atoms selectively deposit on catalyst islands by using “shadowing effect”. Geometrical showing effect combined with conventional VLS growth mechanism leads to the growth of tilted crystalline semiconductor nanowire arrays. In this study, we report morphological and structural properties of tilted single crystal germanium nanowire arrays fabricated by utilizing a conventional thermal evaporation system. In addition to the tilted geometry, by introducing substrate rotation, nanowires with various morphologies including helical, zig-zag, or vertical shapes can be fabricated. Engineering crystalline nanowire morphology by using VLS-GLAD have the potential of enabling control of optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of these nanostructures leading to the development of novel 3D nano-devices.
Real-time multi-spectral visual processor

A processor dedicated to real-time color edge detection is developed. It carries out color vectorization, Gaussian image convolution, logarithmic-Sobel edge calculation, and edge thinning at video rates. The schedules which carry out these operations are connected in a parallel- and pipelined-network fashion. This visual processor is being used in the authors' laboratory as a subsystem of a vision system based on application-specific integrated circuits. >
Water-borne and Tissue Endocrine Profiles of an Alternative Male Reproductive Phenotype in the Sex Changing Fish, Lythrypnus dalli

In the bi-directionally hermaphroditic fish, Lythrypnus dalli, two distinct male phenotypes have been described. The more conspicuous parenting males are larger, establish breeding territories, and display courtship, mating, and parenting behaviors. The alternative males, called mini males, have been postulated to have a parasitic reproductive strategy, although the behavioral ecology of mini males is not well understood. The mini male morph has been characterized based on size and anatomical differences, including sperm-filled accessory gonadal structures (as opposed to mostly mucous in nesting males), consistent with parasitic male morphs in other gobiid species. Here, we determined the endocrine profiles of mini males to gain further insight into their phenotype. Systemic (water-borne) 17β-estradiol (E2) concentrations were higher than testosterone (T), and 11-ketotestosterone (KT) concentrations were lowest. Mini males in L. dalli are similar to parasitic males of other species in having higher T∶KT r...
Evolutionary Network Analysis: A Survey

Evolutionary network analysis has found an increasing interest in the literature because of the importance of different kinds of dynamic social networks, email networks, biological networks, and social streams. When a network evolves, the results of data mining algorithms such as community detection need to be correspondingly updated. Furthermore, the specific kinds of changes to the structure of the network, such as the impact on community structure or the impact on network structural parameters, such as node degrees, also needs to be analyzed. Some dynamic networks have a much faster rate of edge arrival and are referred to as network streams or graph streams. The analysis of such networks is especially challenging, because it needs to be performed with an online approach, under the one-pass constraint of data streams. The incorporation of content can add further complexity to the evolution analysis process. This survey provides an overview of the vast literature on graph evolution analysis and the numerous applications that arise in different contexts.
Neuroanatomical Disorders of Attention Affecting Sensory Selection

In this chapter, attentional disturbances resulting from damage to brain systems that govern sensory selection are discussed. Hemi-inattention and neglect syndromes are perhaps the most intriguing disorders of attention seen by clinical neuropsychologists. We begin with a discussion of these syndromes and continue with a more general consideration of temporal and parietal lobe influences on attention. The hemispheric asymmetries of attention are then considered. We conclude with a brief review of the role of the thalamus as an informational gateway in the control of attention.
Millimeter-wave HEMT technology

The authors report the development of short gate-length (0.15-0.25- mu m) HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) with state-of-the-art noise and power performance. The three families of HEMTs-conventional GaAs/AlGaAs, pseudomorphic, and InP-based-are described and compared. The InP HEMTs offer the lowest noise figure: device noise figures of 0.3 dB at 18 GHz and 1.4 dB at 94 GHz have been measured, and multistage amplifiers with 1.7-dB noise figure at 62 GHz and 3.3 dB at 92 GHz are reported. Pseudomorphic HEMTs that exhibit the best power performance of any millimeter-wave transistor have been developed, with record output powers of 658, 125, and 57 mW at 35, 60, and 94 GHz, respectively, and power-added efficiency as high as 41% at 60 GHz. A 44-GHz pseudomorphic HEMT power amplifier has generated 0.25-W output power with 27% power-added efficiency and 14-dB power gain. Finally, the reliability of the various HEMT types is discussed. >