cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Short Photoperiod on Codling Moth Diapause and Survival

The potential presence of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apples shipped to countries within the 30th latitudes has raised concerns that this pest could establish and spread in these countries. Previous research demonstrated that codling moth in apples handled under simulated commercial cold storage conditions and held under short day lengths could not break diapause and emerge in sufficient numbers to establish a minimum viable population. This study expands the in-fruit work by examining the ability of codling moth to establish a laboratory population under a short photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h, as compared with a long photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Codling moth larvae were collected from field infested fruits in 2010 and 2011. Moths were collected from the infested fruits and separated into two groups representing the two daylength conditions. In total, 1,004 larvae were monitored for adult emergence and ability to generate a subsequent population. Larvae held under the photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h generated only one moth in the 2 yr period, whereas larvae held under the photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h generated 186 females and 179 males, that sustained subsequent generations on artificial diet under laboratory conditions. These results indicate that under controlled environmental conditions, codling moth cannot complete diapause and emerge in sufficient numbers to sustain a viable population when held under a short photoperiod.
Research Note---Online Price Dispersion: A Game-Theoretic Perspective and Empirical Evidence

The existence and persistence of price dispersion for identical products in online markets have been well-documented in the literature. Possible explanations of this price dispersion, derived mainly using hedonic price models, have seen only modest success. In this paper, we propose a competitive model based on online retailers' differentiation mainly in service provided and recognition enjoyed to explain price dispersion. Our exploratory empirical analyses, using cross-sectional data, demonstrate that the competitive model provides a better explanation of the association between prices and online retailers' service and recognition levels. In addition, our competitive model is able to explain observations that are seemingly inconsistent with the hedonic model such as the negative association between service and price. This paper contributes to the literature on price dispersion by offering a differentiation model that provides a good fit with data and by proposing a theory that explains previous counterintuitive observations of prices. Our model also helps an e-tailer to choose a desirable position in the competitive market.
The dielectric constant of polar hard dumb-bells Dependence on molecular shape

A Monte Carlo study of the dielectric constant of the polar hard dumb-bell fluid as a function of elongation l * is presented. The dielectric constant is found to be a decreasing function of l *. The simulation methodology is discussed and various routes to the dielectric constant and simulation energy are investigated. The dipole-dipole contribution to the energy agrees well with the energy calculated by the Ewald summation technique whereas the energy calculated from site-site correlation functions does not.
On legalization of row-based placements

Cell overlaps in the results of global placement are guaranteed to prevent successful routing. However, common techniques for fixing these problems may endanger routing in a different way --- through increased wirelength and congestion. We evaluate several such techniques with routability of row-based placements in mind, and propose new ones that, in conjunction with our detail placer, improve overall routability and routed wirelength. Our generic two-phase approach for resolving illegal placements calls for (i) balancing the numbers of cells in rows, (ii) removing overlaps within rows through a generic dynamic programming procedure. Relevant objectives include minimum total perturbation, minimum wirelength increase and minimum maximum movement. Additionally, we trace cell overlaps in min-cut placement to vertical cuts and show that, if bisection cut directions are varied, overlaps anti-correlate with improved wirelength.Empirical validation is performed using placers Capo and Cadence QPlace, followed by various legalizers and detail placers, with subsequent routing by Cadence WarpRoute. We use a number of IBMv2 benchmarks with routing information. Our legalizer reduces both Capo and QPlace placements' wirelength by up to 4% compared to results of Capo legalized by Cadence's QPlace in the ECO mode.
The Influence of the North Atlantic–Arctic Oscillation on Mean, Variance, and Extremes of Temperature in the Northeastern United States and Canada

Abstract An analysis of detailed relationships between the North Atlantic Oscillation–Arctic Oscillation (NAO–AO) and local temperature response throughout the northeastern United States and neighboring areas of Canada is presented. In particular, the study focuses on how contrasts in the mean and daily variance, based on AO phase, are associated with contrasts in the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events in both winter and spring. In this region, notable contrasts in mean temperatures in winter and daily variance in spring, which influence the pattern of extremes, are associated with phases of the NAO–AO. Warmer temperatures in New England and cooler temperatures in Quebec, Canada, result during winter with increases in the NAO–AO index. The mean temperature response is weaker in spring, but the response of daily variance of temperature is stronger; variance increases with the NAO–AO index. Relationships between these effects help explain significant increases in maximum temperature extre...
Improved Survival but Marginal Allograft Function in Patients Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Lung Transplantation

Background Previous reports demonstrate that 1-year survival is severely compromised in patients with severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation. We examined if advances in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, including polymethylpentene oxygenators and reliance on venovenous (VV) ECMO have improved outcomes in patients with severe PGD after lung transplantation. Methods The analysis included data prospectively collected on all single-lung or double-lung transplants between November 2001 and December 2009. Heart-lung transplants were excluded. Comparisons were made between recipients who did and did not require ECMO for PGD after transplant. Results Since November 2001, when VV ECMO became the routine treatment for severe PGD after transplant at our center, 28 of 498 patients (6%) have required VV ECMO support. Successful weaning occurred in 27 of 28 (96%). Support was withdrawn for 1 patient with irreversible neurologic injury. Survival was substantially better than in previous reports: 30 days, 82%; 1 year, 64%; and 5 years, 49%. Freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was 88% in the ECMO survivors at 3 years, but maximum allograft function was considerably worse than in transplant recipients not requiring ECMO (peak forced expiratory volume in 1 second: 58% in ECMO vs 83% in non-ECMO, p = 0.001). Conclusions Advances in ECMO technology, particularly VV ECMO, have greatly improved the ability to support patients with severe PGD after lung transplantation. VV ECMO is an important tool in the armamentarium of any lung transplant program to optimize patient outcomes; however, strategies to improve lung allograft function in patients experiencing severe PGD are still needed.
Revolution in the Earth Sciences: Advances in the Past Half‐Century

This volume is the proceedings of a symposium held at Carleton College to celebrate the 50th anniversary of its Department of Geology and to honor the founder of that department, Larry Gould, later the president of Carleton and long an internationally prominent figure in the area of polar research. The title of the volume may lead some to anticipate a more comprehensive treatment of the “revolution” than its articles provide. However, its stated purpose is to illuminate just how the substantial changes of recent decades came about in each of a wide variety of areas within earth science, in effect providing a set of case studies of the revolution. In this it succeeds admirably. The dramatic evolution of ideas in geotectonics is not directly treated here; indeed, it would be difficult to say much that is new in doing so. Instead, most of the 31 articles in this paperbound volume focus on developments in specific fields ranging from experimental rock deformation (considered by Tullis and Tullis) to the geology of Antarctica (by Rowley). A noteworthy and distinguishing feature of this collection is that the articles provide lucid reviews at a level accessible to undergraduates. Especially valuable for their concise treatment of major areas are papers on advances in high pressure experimentation (by Bishop), on the development of ideas about Archean tectonics (by Southwick), on current thinking about Precambrian crustal evolution (by Ernst) and on the application of radiogenic isotopic systems to geochronology and petrogenesis (by Bickford). Similarly, Hanor describes the development of thinking about subsurface sedimentary brines, Carson reviews ideas on sediment deposition and deformation at convergent margins, and Collier discusses the renaissance in invertebrate paleontology. Also present are excellent papers on aspects of geomorphology, hydrogeology, archaeological geology, venusian tectonics, and 11 articles on topics in economic geology and mineral and energy resources. Among the latter, all of which are very clearly written, a paper by Albers on the leadership role of the U.S. Geological Survey in meeting national mineral and energy needs is particularly recommended.
Good-Turing estimation of the number of operating sensors: a large deviations analysis

We have proposed an estimator for the number of operating sensors in a wireless sensor network based on the Good-Turing non-parametric estimator of the missing mass (Budianu and Tong, Proc. Asilomar Conf. on Sig., Systems and Computers, 2003). We now investigate the performance of this estimator using the theory of large deviations. We determine the asymptotic behavior of the large deviations exponent as the ratio n/N between the number of collected samples n and the number of operating sensors N decreases to zero. The simulations reveal that the confidence intervals obtained using the large deviations formula are upper bounds for the actual performance of the estimator. Together with the asymptotic behavior of the exponent, this suggests the surprising fact that if the scaling law n=f(N) is used for the number of samples, then reliable estimation can be done if n grows at least as fast as /spl radic/N. Separately, it is shown that, if lim/sub N/spl rarr//spl infin//(n//spl radic/N)=0, the estimator cannot be used.
Learning Phonological Rule Probabilities from Speech Corpora with Exploratory Computational Phonology

This paper presents an algorithm for learning the probabilities of optional phonological rules from corpora. The algorithm is based on using a speech recognition system to discover the surface pronunciations of words in speech corpora; using an automatic system obviates expensive phonetic labeling by hand. We describe the details of our algorithm and show the probabilities the system has learned for ten common phonological rules which model reductions and coarticulation effects. These probabilities were derived from a corpus of 7203 sentences of read speech from the Wall Street Journal, and are shown to be a reasonably close match to probabilities from phonetically hand-transcribed data (TIMIT). Finally, we analyze the probability differences between rule use in male versus female speech, and suggest that the differences are caused by differing average rates of speech.
Targeted Cancer Therapy by Immunoconjugated Gold–Gold Sulfide Nanoparticles Using Protein G as a Cofactor

Gold–gold sulfide nanoparticles (GGS-NPs) fabricated from chloroauric acid and sodium thiosulfate show unique near infrared (NIR) absorption that renders them as a promising candidate for photothermal cancer therapy. To improve targeting efficiency, we developed a versatile method to allow ordered immunoconjugation of antibodies on the surfaces of these nanoparticles via a PEGylated recombinant Protein G (ProG). The PEGylated ProG was prepared with orthopyridyldisulfide-polyethylene glycol-succinimidyl valerate, average MW 2000 (OPSS-PEG-SVA), to first allow the self-assembly of ProG on the nanoparticles, subsequently antibodies were added to this construct to enable active targeting. The bioconjugated GGS-NPs were characterized by TEM, NIR-spectra, dynamic light scattering and modified immunoassay. In in vitro studies, the ProG-conjugated GGS-NPs with bound mouse anti c-erbB-2 (HER-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) successfully targeted the HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer cell, SK-BR-3. Extensive cell death was observed for the targeted SK-BR-3 line at a low laser power of 540 J (3 W cm−2 for 3 min) while the control breast cancer cell (low expressing HER-2), HTB-22 survived. Using PEGylated ProG as a cofactor for immobilization of antibodies offers a promising strategy to functionalize various IgGs on nanoparticles for engineering their biomedical applications in cancer therapeutics.
Loss of p27 upregulates MnSOD in a STAT3-dependent manner, disrupts intracellular redox activity and enhances cell migration

Cell migration is a dynamic process that is central to a variety of physiological functions as well as disease pathogenesis. The modulation of cell migration by p27 (officially known as CDKN1B) has been reported, but the exact mechanism(s) whereby p27 interacts with downstream effectors that control cell migration have not been elucidated. By systematically comparing p27+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with genetically ablated p27−/− MEFs using wound-healing, transwell and time-lapse microscopic analyses, we provide direct evidence that p27 inhibits both directional and random cell migration. Identical results were obtained with normal and cancer epithelial cells using complementary knockdown and overexpression approaches. Additional studies revealed that overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, officially known as SOD2) and reduced intracellular oxidation played a key role in increased cell migration in p27-deficient cells. Furthermore, we identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as the transcription factor responsible for p27-regulated MnSOD expression, which was further mediated by ERK- and ATF1-dependent transactivation of the cAMP response element (CRE) within the Stat3 promoter. Collectively, our data strongly indicate that p27 plays a crucial negative role in cell migration by inhibiting MnSOD expression in a STAT3-dependent manner.
How the Brain Processes Causal Inferences in Text A Theoretical Account of Generation and Integration Component Processes Utilizing Both Cerebral Hemispheres

Theoretical models of text processing, such as the construction-integration framework, pose fundamental questions about causal inference making that are not easily addressed by behavioral studies. In particular, a common result is that causal relatedness has a different effect on text reading times than on memory for the text: Whereas reading times increase linearly as causal relatedness decreases, memory for the text is best for events that are related by a moderate degree of causal relatedness and is poorer for events with low and high relatedness. Our functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the processing of two-sentence passages that varied in their degree of causal relatedness suggests that the inference process can be analyzed into two components, generation and integration, that are subserved by two large-scale cortical networks (a reasoning system in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right-hemisphere language areas). These two cortical networks, which are distinguishable from the classical left-hemisphere language areas, approximately correspond to the two functional relations observed in the behavioral results.
The Mohenjo‐daro Floods: A Reply1

Over the past three years a theory concerning the abandonment of the ancient cities of the Indus Valley has been advanced: that these settlements were engulfed by a sea of mud that accumulated behind a naturally formed dam across the Indus River. This article reviews this theory and finds it lacking in two respects: (1) the evidence for the dam is extremely thin and could be accounted for in other ways; (2) even if the dam did form, one can object to the interpretation that it would surely have led to the abandonment of the whole of the Indus Valley. The present author sets forth an alternative theory. This theory proposes that the cities and settlements were abandoned because the Harappans were overutilizing their land and that they sealed their own fate with the patterns of subsistence that they choose to use.
Independently addressable VCSEL arrays on 3-μm pitch

We present an exceedingly dense linear vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array with independently addressable elements on a staggered 3-/spl mu/m pitch. Our devices utilize an all-epitaxial structure and operate at a wavelength of 813 mm with threshold currents below 400 /spl mu/A. The high-packing density is enabled by combining transparent contact technology with a planar laterally oxidized device architecture. The array exhibits low interelement thermal crosstalk and has electrical resistances of 3 M/spl Omega/ between adjacent array elements.
A new entry to N-heterocyclic carbene chemistry: synthesis and characterisation of a triscarbene complex of thallium(I).

The synthesis and characterisation of a thallium(I) triscarbene complex of the chelating, tripodal carbene ligand 1,3,5-{tris(3-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylideno)methyl}-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene is reported, in which the thallium ion is coordinated by three N-heterocyclic carbene donors in a distorted trigonal planar environment.
How Large Is the World Wide Web

There are many metrics one could consider for estimating the size of the World Wide Web, and in the present chapter we focus on size in terms of the number N of Web pages. Since a database with all the valid URLs on the Web cannot be constructed and maintained, determining N by counting is impossible. For the same reasons, estimating N by directly sampling from the Web is also infeasible. Instead of studying the Web as a whole, one can try to assess the size of the publicly indexable Web, which is the part of the Web that is considered for indexing by the major search engines.
Magnetic Polypropylene Nanocomposites Reinforced with In-situ Fabricated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Polypropylene(PP)/Fe2O3 nanocomposites are fabricated using an in-situ method to uniformly disperse the magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer matrix. Maleic anhydride functionalized PP (f-PP) with different molecular weight is used as surfactant to stabilize the in-situ produced nanoparticles. The thermal behavior of PP and its nanocomposites with the incorporation of small amount f-PP is studied with thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the onset degradation temperature is increased by ~117 oC with the addition of NPs. Both melt rheology and transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate the NPs dispersion. Strong saturated magnetization (Ms) is observed after introducing f-PP to the nanocomposites through protecting the as-formed NPs from oxidation.
Antigen Recognition by Effector T Cells in Antileishmanial Defense

We have observed that T cells (Ly1+2-) from draining lymph nodes of mice that have footpad infections with Leishmania major activate macrophages for antileishmanial effects in vitro in an apparently contact-dependent, noncytotoxic manner. The nature of antigenic specificity in this system was investigated. Whereas lymphocytes sensitized to L. major induced antileishmanial effects in macrophages infected with L. major, lymphocytes sensitized to Listeria monocytogenes were ineffective. When macrophages infected with L. major were primed with listerial antigens, however, the lymphocytes sensitized to Listeria induced antiparasitic effects in an apparently lymphokine-independent manner. Furthermore, lymphocytes sensitized to one Leishmania spp. activated macrophages for in vitro defense against both homologous and heterologous Leishmania spp. These findings suggest that antigen recognition in macrophage activation for antileishmanial defense is critical and is restricted to the initial interaction of effector lymphocytes and macrophages. Recognition of genus-conserved antigens apparently can serve to trigger effector T cells to activate antileishmanial defense in macrophages.
Stability Anisotropy of Harmonic Elliptical Quantum Dots with Asymmetric Langmuir-Trojan Electron Pairs in Electric and Magnetic Fields

Stability sensitivity of asymmetric Langmuir configurations in single atom doped elliptical quantum dots filled with two electrons is discovered to small changes of electric and magnetic external fields direction or displacement of the impurity.
Three-Dimensional Elastic-Plastic FEM Analysis on Rectangular-Section Tubular Forming

This paper presents the comparison of the difference between tubular extrusion and drawing processes by elastic-plastic finite element simulations. 3-D rectangular-section tubular cold extrusion and drawing processes were simulated by an elastic-plastic finite element method. The processes of both extrusion and drawing can be viewed as steady-state once material exits from the die. For this reason, the steady-state results of the two processes are discussed. Important factors in the processes such as deformed shapes, die fill, and external work are discussed and compared for the two cases. The conclusions show that the extrusion process can make tubular products with precise dimensions and better mechanical properties, but with high external work and slightly larger elastic spring back; whereas the drawing process can make tubular products with much lower external work and smaller spring back, but with poor outside corner fill and lower one-stage area reduction. The final information obtained through elastic-plastic FEM simulations is shown to be useful for die design and process design.
Effect of Social Network Image on Bicycle Riders’ Motivation in Thailand

This research article analyzes the personnel characteristics in social network that create motivation for bicycle riders in Thailand. It focuses on the photo models of people in the social network that impact bicycle riders’ motivations. It intents to compare similarities and differences of gender based personal images in social network that create motivations for bicycle riders. This article is based on qualitative research work, bringing communication arts theory to assort with personal interviews of people who have influenced bicycle riders and bicycle riders to analyze the reasons that motivate people to follow particular styles in bicycle riding. The research results found that the personal image in the social network impact bicycle riders, especially, the external components of their costumes and equipment. These bicycle riders are well known in Thailand and always regularly use social online media. They create their own media, by doing so; they create the relationship of bicycles by using mixed contents between message and each person’s photos. The appearance of bicycle riders that create motivations to other bicycle riders is gender sensitive and different. However, female bicycle riders’ images are crucially focused on their beautiful faces and bodies. But for male bicycle riders, the significant focus is on behavior and bike riding model to physical expression of muscles strength.
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy of non-small cell lung cancer

Present treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings are far from ideal. The bottom line of improvement in overall survival by any treatment modality used has yet to be achieved. For this to happen, better drug therapy will be required. Future trials should be carefully designed with intraoperative staging and stratification of patients by histology, stage, and potentially immunologic markers, ploidy, and molecular biologic markers such as growth factors and their receptors. Combination of individual therapies to maximal toxicity in an attempt to overcome inherent tumor resistance will be key. The use of colony-stimulating factors, with high-dose chemotherapy integrated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy, may be seen in future studies. Combining standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy with cytokines or immunotherapy using interleukin-1 and -2, or tumor necrosis factor or monoclonal antibodies to growth factors may be seen in innovative trials. By such meticulously and intelligently designed trials, progress in adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment of the important group of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer will occur.
Association of HbA1c with hospitalization and mortality among patients with heart failure and diabetes

Comorbid diabetes is common in heart failure and associated with increased hospitalization and mortality. Nonetheless, the association between glycemic control and outcomes among patients with heart failure and diabetes remains poorly characterized, particularly among low income and minority patients. We performed a retrospective cohort study of outpatients with heart failure and diabetes in the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, the largest municipal health care system in the United States. Cox proportional hazard models were used to measure the association between HbA1c levels and outcomes of all-cause hospitalization, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality. Of 4723 patients with heart failure and diabetes, 42.6 % were black, 30.5 % were Hispanic/Latino, 31.4 % were Medicaid beneficiaries and 22.9 % were uninsured. As compared to patients with an HbA1c of 8.0–8.9 %, patients with an HbA1c of <6.5, 6.5–6.9, 7.0–7.9, and ≥9.0 % had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) (95 % CI) for all-cause hospitalization of 1.03 (0.90–1.17), 1.05 (0.91–1.22), 1.03 (0.90–1.17), and 1.13 (1.00–1.28), respectively. An HbA1c ≥ 9.0 % was also associated with an increased risk of heart failure hospitalization (aHR 1.33; 95 % CI 1.11–1.59) and a non-significant increased risk in mortality (aHR 1.20; 95 % CI 0.99–1.45) when compared to HbA1c of 8.0–8.9 %. Among a cohort of primarily minority and low income patients with heart failure and diabetes, an increased risk of hospitalization was observed only for an HbA1c greater than 9 %.
Human Dimensions of Invasive Grasses

Invasive species are problems because of people. Whether these species are introduced accidentally or purposefully, human activities inevitably influence their spread. Disturbance processes and control options are affected by economic, political, and social factors as well as by biological ones. To understand the dynamics of invasion and potential for resilience and resistance, one must also understand the role of human processes. In this chapter, we focus first on individual perceptions and behaviors, exploring how perceptions of exotic invasive species can vary such that one group of stakeholders may actively seek to eliminate an invader while others find it useful. We also describe how people perceive practices used to control exotic annual grasses or reduce their spread. We then shift from individual-level to institutional concerns, reviewing how exotic annual grasses have been treated in US laws and regulations and how environmental policies and politics may complicate restoration efforts. We also explore how voluntary control efforts operate alongside regulatory efforts. We discuss how education activities have affected perceptions, review strengths and weaknesses of different outreach approaches, and describe an educational approach that may prove useful for shifting attention toward annual invasive grasses from curiosity to concern to action. Finally, we discuss the critical role of trust and trust-building efforts in addressing invasive species issues across landscapes.
High Tech Versus Human Touch: An Exploration of the Perceptions of High Technology users of the Internet

For high technology users, the opportunity to personally and directly secure services on the Internet should be a welcomed option to the variability of services delivered by humans. Yet our research indicates, to the contrary, that high technology users prefer the human touch in the services that they seek.
On the Relationship Between the Formation Number and Passive Scalar Pinch-Off in Starting Jets

A series of experiments were conducted in a water tank to investigate the behavior of starting vortex ring in starting jets at Reynolds numbers up to 2 × 104. The starting vortex separates from the rest of jet in the near-field. The velocity vectors were measured via the digital particle image velocimetry while the passive scalar concentrations were observed by the laser sheet technique. The measured Formation number was in the range of 4.5 to 5.5, consistent with previous low Reynolds number results. The Formation number appears to be a robust parameter for characterizing the pinch-off of vorticity in starting jets.
MIMO Technology for Optical Wireless Communications using LED Arrays and Fly‐Eye Receivers

This chapter investigates the application of multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) technology for indoor optical wireless communications (OWC). MIMO approaches can improve indoor OWC performance through two mechanisms: one is sending the same data on all MIMO channels to improve communication reliability called as diversity, and the other is sending different data on different MIMO channels to increase channel capacity, called as multiplexing. In practice, multiple sources are generally implemented by LED arrays. The LED sources are in close proximity to each other and can be driven by the same driver. The chapter shows the simulation of the BER performance of the MIMO equal gain combining (EGC), and the MIMO maximal ratio combining (MRC) spatial diversity systems, and compares them with the non‐MIMO system. Fly‐eye receivers are expected to view various directions simultaneously. The most straightforward design of fly‐eye receivers is employing distributed eyes with their own lens and photo detectors.
Capacity region of the permutation channel

We discuss the capacity region of a degraded broadcast channel (DBC) formed from a channel that randomly permutes input packets by selecting a permutation according to a probability distribution. Starting from the known capacity region expression for the DBC, we give an explicit outer and inner bound to the capacity region which are shown to be equal for the cases of 2 and 3 packets. The work extends previous results which considered the case where the permutation was selected uniformly from the set of all permutations. The results are useful in determining fundamental rate delay tradeoffs when transmitting temporally ordered content over multipath routed networks.
DNA Damage Induced Sumoylation of p53 in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis.

The tumor suppressor protein p53 has a critical role in malignant transformation through its critical functions in the regulation of cell proliferation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The level and activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein is regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. To address the role of p53 in the pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma (MM), a number of patient-derived MM cell lines were probed using a p53-specific antibody and immunoblotting indicated a significantly elevated level of the p53 protein in the lysate of a vast majority of cell lines relative to that of normal CD138 + plasma cells. Since p53 is regulated by a number of post-translational modifications, the MM cell line RPMI-8226 was then treated with g-radiation (5 Gy), total lysate prepared and probed with a p53 monoclonal antibody As early as 30 minutes following treatment with radiation, a dramatic induction in the steady-state levels of the p53 protein and, in addition, a new higher molecular weight (∼68kDa) immunoreactive form of p53 was observed. The 68 kDa form of p53 was immunoprecipitable from MM total cell lysates with an antibody to the small-ubiquitin-like modifier (Sumo-1) but importantly, was not immunoprecipitated by an antibody generated to ubiquitin. Sumo-1 is covalently conjugated to target proteins through a conjugating enzyme, Ubc9, and a substrate ligase, PIAS1. Both Ubc9 and PIAS1 were rapidly induced at the protein level upon treatment of MM cells with g-radiation. Sumoylation of p53 was detected following treatment of MM cells with a number of genotoxic stressors in addition to g-irradiation, such as etoposide, doxorubicin, methylethylsulfonate and Ni ++ and was detected using cell lysate from a number of MM cell lines. MM cells were transformed with a plasmid that expressed a dominant negative mutant form of UBC9 that abolished sumoylation of p53. Transfectants displayed increased sensitivity to g-radiation. A second plasmid that over expressed a mutant form of p53 that had mutated attachment site for covalent linkage of Sumo-1 (p53-K386R) was transfected into MM cells. These cells displayed a greater proliferative capacity relative to mock or wild-type p53 transfected cells. We then examined CD138 + plasma cells that had been immunoaffinity purified from MM patient bone marrow samples. Similar to the MM cell lines, the steady-state level of p53 in MM patient samples was significantly elevated relative to that of normal CD138 + cells. Importantly, the sumoylated form of p53 was also detected in the cell lysate prepared from MM patient samples (but not MGUS samples). Our results indicate that p53 is rapidly sumoylated upon exposure of MM cells to genotoxic stressors. Importantly, the sumoylated form of p53 was readily detected in the purified plasma cells of MM patients and led to increased cell proliferation. The results indicate a critical role for the sumoylation pathway in the DNA damage response, the proliferative and apoptotic functions of p53 and the pathogenesis of MM.
Automatic Metrics for Genre-specific Text Quality

To date, researchers have proposed different ways to compute the readability and coherence of a text using a variety of lexical, syntax, entity and discourse properties. But these metrics have not been defined with special relevance to any particular genre but rather proposed as general indicators of writing quality. In this thesis, we propose and evaluate novel text quality metrics that utilize the unique properties of different genres. We focus on three genres: academic publications, news articles about science, and machine generated text, in particular the output from automatic text summarization systems.
Imaging prevalence of nasal septal perforation in an urban population.

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of nasal septal perforation (NSP) on CT imaging in an urban hospital setting. Methods Facial bone CT scans from 3708 consecutive patients were reviewed for the presence of NSP. Size of the perforation was measured in two dimensions. Medical records were reviewed for possible risk factors. Results The prevalence of NSP was 2.05%. The most common risk factor was a history of drug abuse. Cocaine was the most prevalent drug used. Conclusion The prevalence of NSP was more than double of that previously published, likely related to intranasal drug use in our urban population.
Converting Achebe’s Africa for the New Tanzanian: Things Fall Apart in Swahili Translation

AbstractGiven the centrality of Chinua Achebe’s work in the early debates surrounding language choice in African fiction and Achebe’s own claims about the necessary transformation of English in representing African reality, what happens when his most acclaimed and archetypal novel is translated “back” into an African language? Given the long history of reading Things Fall Apart as an “ethnographic” account of pre-colonial Igbo society addressed to Western audiences, how are the functions of the novel transformed when addressed to an almost exclusively African population, but one for whom traditional Igbo epistemology remains culturally distant? This article considers these questions through an analysis of Shujaa Okonkwo, Tanzanian Clement Ndulute’s 1973 Swahili translation of Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Drawing on the translation theories of Lawrence Venuti and Itamar Even-Zohar, among others, this paper describes how the function of literary translation within an emerging national literature in Swahili a...
Intimacy at stake: Transnational migration and the separation of family

The issue of “separation of families” has emerged in the debate over immigration as a humanistic appeal to those who favor a legal absolutist approach to deportation. However, the image of the “family” privileged in this national discussion mobilizes a highly gendered, racialized, and monolithic portrayal of the ideal US Latino family unit to the exclusion of the many relationships forged in the context of transnational migration which are not limited to those of “nuclear families.” This article explores how the act of kinning, or creating family, among migrants exceeds the conventional emphasis on mainstream notions of the idealized Latino family. I turn to the concept of “chosen families” as a way of conceptualizing the vernacular theorizing migrants engage in creating complex relationships of intimacy amid the challenging pressures of transnational mobility, which I argue must be woven into conversations surrounding the social injury of deportation.
Timing of organic carbon release from mountain pine beetle impacted ponderosa pine forests in South Dakota

The decay of mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae) affected ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests has increased organic carbon (OC) loading within the Rapid Creek watershed in the Black Hills of South Dakota, with total OC (TOC) concentrations up to 6.2 mg L−1 observed in 2015. The impacts of large-scale tree mortality on water quality were delayed. OC concentrations in the watershed correlated with recent MPB impact stage progression. Regional ponderosa pine forests that were 3 and 6 years after MPB infection (grey and snagfall phases) exhibited increased OC loading within the Rapid Creek watershed. A better understanding of regional watershed response patterns for MPB tree mortality may assist with mitigating ancillary water quality impacts.
Transforming your conference paper into an article for the IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication

This workshop is intended to help graduate students and junior faculty successfully prepare a manuscript for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication based on a conference presentation.
Simultaneous Retrodialysis by Calibrator for Rapid In Vivo Recovery Determination in Target Site Microdialysis.

Concentrations in the interstitial tissue space are of clinical interest for many antibiotics and can be directly measured by microdialysis. Quantitative microdialysis strongly depends on reliable recovery estimates obtained from a suitable calibrator. Cefazolin (CFZ) is frequently used as a prophylactic antibiotic to prevent surgical site infections. This study aimed to develop a reliable and rapid calibration technique for CFZ microdialysis using cefuroxime (CFR) as a calibrator, which is applied simultaneously in the opposite direction via retrodialysis. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used for the measurement of both CFZ and CFR in microdialysate. Results from in vitro microdialysis experiments confirmed that CFR does not interfere with physicochemical properties of CFZ, and the loss of CFR is proportional to the gain of CFZ in microdialysis studies. Therefore, the validated bioanalytical assay is suitable to be applied in clinical microdialysis study of CFZ where microdialysis probes are simultaneously calibrated by retrodialysis of CFR. This approach shortens the overall sampling time of in vivo microdialysis studies significantly since calibration and sampling can be performed simultaneously and not in sequence as usually done. It also eliminates the necessary washout period if probe calibration is carried out before the actual sampling time.
Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy: Critical Analysis of Mechanistic Dilemmas

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is one of the most studied models of cell, organ, and tissue regeneration. The complexity of the signaling pathways initiating and terminating this process have provided paradigms for regenerative medicine. Many aspects of the signaling mechanisms involved in hepatic regeneration are under active investigation. The purpose of this review is to focus on the areas still not well understood. The review also aims to provide insights into the ways by which current concepts of liver regeneration can provide understanding regarding malfunction of the regenerative process in liver diseases, such as acute liver failure.
Thirty Years of Copulas

In 1959, in response to a query of M. Frechet, A. Sklar introduced copulas. These are functions that link multivariate distributions to their one-dimensional margins. Thus, if H is an n-dimensional cumulative distribution function with one-dimensional margins F1,…,Fn, then there exists an n-dimensional copula C (which is unique when F1,…,Fn are continuous) such that H(x1,…,xn) = C (F1(x1),…,Fn (xn)). During the years 1959 — 1974, most results concerning copulas were obtained in the course of the development of the theory of probabilistic metric spaces, principally in connection with the study of families of binary operations on the space of probability distribution functions. Then it was discovered that two-dimensional copulas could be used to define nonparametric measures of dependence for pairs of random variables. In the ensuing years the copula concept was rediscovered on several occasions and these functions began to play an ever-more-important role in mathematical statistics, particularly in matters involving questions of dependence, fixed marginals and functions of random variables that are invariant under monotone transformations. Today, in view of the fact that they are the higher dimensional analogues of uniform distributions on the unit interval, and as the result of the efforts of a diverse group of scholars, the significance, ubiquity and utility of copulas is being recognized. This paper is devoted to an historical overview and rather personal account of these developments and to a description of some recent results.
Analysis of in-plane thermal phonon transport in III–V compound semiconductor superlattices

Controlling thermal transport in optoelectronic devices is a fundamental determinant of optimum performance. We study in-plane thermal transport mechanisms in GaAs/AlAs and their alloy-based superl...
Finite-element modeling of UHPC hybrid bridge deck connections

In recent years, linked bridge deck elements have gained popularity for facilitating more durable components in bridge decks, but these components require field-applied connections for constructing the entire bridge. Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is started to be a major material for closure pours in bridges and various Department of Transportations have been developing guidelines. UHPC is known by its superior quality than conventional concrete in terms of constructability, strength and durability. So far, very limited data are available on the finite-element modeling (FEM) of hybrid bridge deck connections. In this study, FEMs have been presented to define the crucial factors affecting the response of bridge hybrid deck panel system under monotonic loads. The commercial software ABAQUS was used to validate the modes and to generate the data presented herein and the concrete damage plasticity was used to simulate both conventional concrete and UHPC. Numerical results were validated using available experimental data. The key parameters studied were the mesh size, the dilation angle, reinforcement type, concrete models, steel properties, and the contact behavior between the UHPC and the conventional concrete. The models were found to capture the load–deflection response of experimental results, failure modes, crack patterns and ductility indices show satisfactorily response. A sensitivity test was also conducted by considering various key parameters such as concrete and steel constitutive models and their associated parameters, mesh size, and contact behavior. It is perceived that increasing the dilation angle leads to an increase in the initial stiffness of the model. The damage in concrete under monotonic loading is found higher in normal concrete than UHPC with no signs of de-bonding between the two materials. Changing the dilation angle from 20° to 40° results in an increase of 7.81% in ultimate load for the panel with straight reinforcing bars, whereas for the panel with headed bars, the increase in ultimate load was found 8.56%.
Displaced Manufacturing Workers and Their Families: A Research-Based Practice Model:

The closing of manufacturing plants has affected many workers in the United States throughout the past decade. As a result, social workers and other human service professionals increasingly deal wi...
Dietary Diversity, Food Security, and Body Image among Women and Children on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos

Objectives: We conducted a study of the food environment and nutritional status among women and children living on a Galapagos Island. Anthropometric and body silhouette data give insight into body size perceptions for women and their young children. We frame our findings in the context of the nutrition transition. Methods: A convenience sample was recruited via word-of-mouth for in-depth interviews and assessments of household food security, dietary intake, anthropometrics, and body image. Interviews took place in 2011 on San Cristobal Island, one of four inhabited islands in the Galapagos archipelago. Twenty women with children between the ages of one and six participated, all permanent residents of San Cristobal Island. Results: Most women (60%) reported limited availability of fresh produce due to an unreliable food supply shipped from mainland Ecuador. Despite reported food insecurity in our sample (55%), more than half of the children (55%) experienced high dietary diversity measured by 24 h recall. Women tended to report less dietary diversity than their children, which may be linked to a stated desire to be thinner. Eighty percent of children were classified as normal weight, while 75% of women were overweight or obese. Conclusions for Practice: Results provide an initial survey of the food landscape on one Galapagos Island. By combining qualitative interviews with indicators of nutritional status, the narrative data allow an interpretation of issues of food security, dietary intakes, dietary diversity, and body size. This study forms the basis for a larger examination of these issues in the Galapagos islands.