cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic exposure to MDMA (Ecstasy) elicits behavioral sensitization in rats but fails to induce cross-sensitization to other psychostimulants

The recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) among adolescents and young adults has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. While evidence suggests that the long-term consequences of MDMA use include neurodegeneration to serotonergic and, possibly, dopaminergic pathways, little is known about susceptibility, such as behavioral sensitization, to MDMA. The objectives of this study were to examine the dose-response characteristics of acute and chronic MDMA administration in rats and to determine whether MDMA elicits behavioral sensitization and whether it cross-sensitizes with amphetamine and methylphenidate. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three MDMA dosage groups (2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, and 10.0 mg/kg) and a saline control group (N = 9/group). All three MDMA groups were treated for six consecutive days, followed by a 5-day washout, and subsequently re-challenged with their respective doses of MDMA (day 13). Rats were then given an additional 25-day washout period, and re-challenged (day 38) with similar MDMA doses as before followed by either 0.6 mg/kg amphetamine or 2.5 mg/kg methylphenidate on the next day (day 39). Open-field locomotor activity was recorded using a computerized automated activity monitoring system. Acute injection of 2.5 mg/kg MDMA showed no significant difference in locomotor activity from rats given saline (control group), while animals receiving acute 5.0 mg/kg or 10.0 mg/kg MDMA showed significant increases in locomotor activity. Rats treated chronically with 5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg MDMA doses exhibited an augmented response, i.e., behavioral sensitization, on experimental day 13 in at least one locomotor index. On experimental day 38, all three MDMA groups demonstrated sensitization to MDMA in at least one locomotor index. Amphetamine and methylphenidate administration to MDMA-sensitized animals did not elicit any significant change in locomotor activity compared to control animals. MDMA sensitized to its own locomotor activating effects but did not elicit any cross-sensitization with amphetamine or methylphenidate.
A Multi-Class Audio Classification Method With Respect To Violent Content In Movies Using Bayesian Networks

In this work, we present a multi-class classification algorithm for audio segments recorded from movies, focusing on the detection of violent content, for protecting sensitive social groups (e.g. children). Towards this end, we have used twelve audio features stemming from the nature of the signals under study. In order to classify the audio segments into six classes (three of them violent), Bayesian networks have been used in combination with the one versus all classification architecture. The overall system has been trained and tested on a large data set (5000 audio segments), recorded from more than 30 movies of several genres. Experiments showed, that the proposed method can be used as an accurate multi-class classification scheme, but also, as a binary classifier for the problem of violent -non violent audio content.
Aortic Neck Attachment Failure and the AneuRx Graft: Incidence, Treatment Options, and Early Results

Some investigators have reported that proximal attachment failure is a long-term complication of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with the AneuRx (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA) device. We evaluated the need for an intervention in patients with suboptimal proximal fixation as well as the feasibility and early success of a variety of treatment strategies. From October 1999 to October 2003, we performed 365 EVARs using the AneuRx graft. At a mean follow-up of 23.7 ± 14.8 months, 20 patients (5.5%) with suboptimal outcomes (14 with a type I endoleak, one with a type III endoleak, and 5 with an inadequate seal zone <1 cm) were considered for treatment. Characteristics of each patient’’s aortic neck anatomy that could be associated with proximal attachment failure were evaluated. Eighteen patients (90%) underwent successful treatment (9 AneuRx cuffs, 6 Talent cuffs, 5 aortic stents, one redo endograft, and two surgical conversions) without major perioperative complications, one patient had a persistent type I endoleak despite endovascular treatment, and one patient refused treatment, ultimately leading to aneurysm rupture. There have been no further endoleaks or graft migrations noted since the secondary intervention at a mean follow-up of 13.9 ± 11.8 months. In our experience, proximal attachment failure associated with the AneuRx graft is relatively uncommon and usually associated with unfavorable neck anatomy. Despite this, most cases are treatable by endovascular means. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the ultimate frequency of these combined device reconstructions.
The role of sonography in the diagnosis and management of urachal abscesses

Eighteen cases of urachal abscess were studied with sonography. Their configurations were cone shaped in 11 cases, tubular in 4, curved club shaped, and oval and irregular in one each. Their complications, such as intraperitoneal spread, chronic cystitis, and adhesion to the omentum or the colon, could also be suggested by ultrasonography. Gas was found in 50% of the lesions, which were all larger than 1 cm in diameter. An abscess smaller than 1.2 cm in diameter (which can be as long as 5 cm) can be treated with antibiotics or incision and drainage without total excision. A lesion within the extraperitoneal fat space of abdominal wall at the midline below umbilicus suggests the diagnosis of urachal abscess in cases of umbilical discharge and/or when the lesion extends to the umbilicus.
Delineation of the Glucocorticoid-Sensitive Period of Intestinal Development in the Rat*

Jejunal sucrase has been used as a marker for intestinal development. The effects of sequential adrenalectomy and sequential administration of hydrocortisone have led to the conclusion that the glucocorticoid sensitivity of the jejunum ceases abruptly at a postnatal age of 17–18 days. Adrenalectomy on day 17 or earlier resulted in significant depression of the usual developmental rise of sucrase activity, whereas adrenalectomy on days 18, 21, or 28 or in adults had no effect on sucrase activity. In contrast, the effect of adrenalectomy on body weight was similar at all ages studied. When hydrocortisone (50 μg/g BW) was administered to intact animals on day 15 or 16, it caused significant elevation of sucrase activity but, when administered on day 17,18, or 28, there was no difference between control and treated animals. Since adrenalectomy on day 15 delayed weaning, it was possible that the glucocorticoid dependence of the younger animals was mediated by effects on feeding behavior. However, a further stu...
Increased levels of keratin 16 alter epithelialization potential of mouse skin keratinocytes in vivo and ex vivo

The process of wound repair in adult skin is complex, involving dermal contraction and epithelial migration to repair the lesion and restore the skin's barrier properties. At the wound edge, keratinocytes undergo many changes that engender an epithelialization behavior. The type II keratin 6 and type I keratins 16 and 17 are induced well before cell migration begins, but the role of these proteins is not understood. Forced expression of human K16 in skin epithelia of transgenic mice has been shown to cause dose-dependent skin lesions concomitant with alterations in keratin filament organization and in cell adhesion. Here we show, with the use of a quantitative assay, that these transgenic mice show a delay in the closure of full-thickness skin wounds in situ compared with wild-type and low-expressing K16 transgenic mice. We adapted and validated an ex vivo skin explant culture system to better assess epithelialization in a wound-like environment. Transgenic K16 explants exhibit a significant reduction of keratinocyte outgrowth in this setting. This delay is transgene dose-dependent, and is more severe when K16 is expressed in mitotic compared with post-mitotic keratinocytes. Various lines of evidence suggest that the mechanism(s) involved is complex and not strictly cell autonomous. These findings have important implications for the function of K16 in vivo.
METHODS FOR ON-LINE DIRECTIONALLY INDEPENDENT FAILURE PREDICTION OF END MILLING CUTTING TOOLS

Tracking the health of cutting tools under typical wear conditions is advantageous to the speed and efficiency of many manufacturing processes. Although techniques exist to monitor tool performance, most are dependent on cutting direction, sensor orientation, cutting procedure, or the use of computationally intensive mathematical models. In this work, several solutions are proposed such that real-time analysis of signal variance and frequency magnitudes is possible through the identification of trends in the transient behavior of tri-axial force dynamometer signals. Moreover, the nature of both the transient variance (the temporal change in signal variance) and the frequency magnitude trends are shown to be independent of direction through the observation of both linear and pocketing mill sequences. Ten autonomous methods for failure prediction are discussed, tested, and presented. Analysis methods are demonstrated through the implementation of procedures derived from autocorrelation, FFT type, and Autore...
Using the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised With Female Samples: Reliability, Validity, and Implications for Clinical Utility

Since the introduction of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in 1991 (PCL-R), numerous studies have examined the reliability and validity of this assessment instrument in samples of institutionalized and noninstitu-tionalized females. We reviewed these data to determine the current state of PCL-R psychopathy assessment in females and to guide a discussion of the clinical utility of the PCL-R in female samples. Here we discuss issues generated by existing data and offer specific research suggestions. This review shows that there is support for the measure's reliability in women and modest support for its validity. However, studies of the predictive utility and the factor structure of the PCL-R in women are required to demonstrate the generalize ability of PCL-R psychopathy to women.
Prediction of Cardioembolic, Arterial, and Lacunar Causes of Cryptogenic Stroke by Gene Expression and Infarct Location

Background and Purpose—The cause of ischemic stroke remains unclear, or cryptogenic, in as many as 35% of patients with stroke. Not knowing the cause of stroke restricts optimal implementation of prevention therapy and limits stroke research. We demonstrate how gene expression profiles in blood can be used in conjunction with a measure of infarct location on neuroimaging to predict a probable cause in cryptogenic stroke. Methods—The cause of cryptogenic stroke was predicted using previously described profiles of differentially expressed genes characteristic of patients with cardioembolic, arterial, and lacunar stroke. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 131 cryptogenic strokes and compared with profiles derived from 149 strokes of known cause. Each sample was run on Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. Cause of cryptogenic stroke was predicted using gene expression in blood and infarct location. Results—Cryptogenic strokes were predicted to be 58% cardioembolic, 18% arterial, 12% lacunar, and 12% u...
Third-order statistics: issue of PDF symmetry

The notion that the third-order cumulant sequences of stationary random processes with symmetric PDFs are identically zero is examined. It is shown that it has a somewhat restrictive interpretation that involves the marginal PDF as well as various joint PDFs. >
Agricultural Intensification, Diversification, and Commercial Production Among Smallholder Coffee Growers in Central Kenya

: The research summarized in this article establishes direct links between the scale, process, and output of agricultural production by examining the dynamics of intensification, crop diversification, and commercialization. Small farm survey results from Kirinyaga District, Kenya, show that diversified production provides smallholders with the opportunity to select a particular crop or crops for commercial production (such as coffee, French beans, or tomatoes) in order to increase farm-generated income while meeting increasing demands for local farm produce and export crops. The study shows that income per hectare (acre) does not consistently increase with increasing farm size, regardless of the level of commercialization. Smallholders operating at the 1.2 to 1.6 hectare (3–4 acre) scale appear to engage in higher-risk, more diversified, commercial production strategies than those with less area under production. These findings expand upon induced intensification theory and support the thesis that increased agricultural productivity results from both subsistence- and commodity-based production, though the research focuses on the latter.
Using Climate Forecasts for Drought Management

Abstract Drought hazards, and the ability to mitigate them with advance warning, offer potentially valuable applications of climate forecast products. Yet the value is often untapped, owing to the gap between climate science and societal decisions. This study bridged that gap; it determined forecast needs among water managers, translated forecasts to meet those needs, and shaped drought decision making to take advantage of forecasts. NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) seasonal precipitation outlooks were converted into a forecast precipitation index (FPI) tailored for water managers in the southeastern United States. The FPI expresses forecasts as a departure from the climatological normal and is consistent with other drought indicators. Evaluations of CPC seasonal forecasts issued during 1995–2000 demonstrated positive skill for drought seasons in the Southeast. In addition, using evaluation criteria of water managers, 88% of forecasts for drought seasons would have appropriately prompted drought respo...
Chapter 3 Structure and Characterization of Strained-Layer Superlattices

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the structure and characterization of strained-layer superlattices. It discusses the techniques used to characterize strain and strain relief in strained-layer material structures. Two techniques, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS)/ion channeling and x-ray diffraction, are discussed in the chapter. The chapter presents a framework for understanding stability, metastability, and relaxation of strained-layer structures. The discussion in the chapter is conducted in terms of the concepts of the driving force, as characterized by the excess stress, and the materials response, as characterized by stability diagrams. The chapter presents the characterization techniques and the stability/metastability/ relaxation concepts for both single strained layers and strained-layer superlattices. The chapter presents the basic concept of the formation of a single strained layer. Under commensurate growth, the layer is biaxially strained, and the atom relaxation normal to the plane of the layer leads to a tetragonal distortion of the strained layer. The chapter also presents the schematic structure of a commensurate strained-layer superlattice.
Propagation modeling results for narrow-beam undersea laser communications

Communication links through ocean waters are challenging due to undersea propagation physics. Undersea optical communications at blue or green wavelengths can achieve high data rates (megabit- to gigabit-per-second class links) despite the challenging undersea medium. Absorption and scattering in ocean waters attenuate optical signals and distort the waveform through dense multipath. The exponential propagation loss and the temporal spread due to multipath limit the achievable link distance and data rate. In this paper, we describe the Monte Carlo modeling of the undersea scattering and absorption channel. We model photon signal attenuation levels, spatial photon distributions, time of arrival statistics, and angle of arrival statistics for a variety of lasercom scenarios through both clear and turbid water environments. Modeling results inform the design options for an undersea optical communication system, particularly illustrating the advantages of narrow-beam lasers compared to wide beam methods (e.g. LED sources). The modeled pupil plane and focal plane photon arrival distributions enable beam tracking techniques for robust pointing solutions, even in highly scattering harbor waters. Laser communication with collimated beams maximizes the photon transfer through the scattering medium and enables spatial and temporal filters to minimize waveform distortion and background interference.
Effect of Halides on Fast Copper-Ion Conductor in Phosphate-Based Glasses

Total electrical conductivity depends on both the content of cuprous ions and of the halide ions in the glass.Considerably large electronic conductivity of the glasses suggests that hopping conduction between Cu+ and Cu2+ is likely to occur. Contribution of the halide ions to the electrical conductivity can be explained that they drastically increases the mobility of carrier, both ionic and electronic ones.It is suggested from IR spectra that the structure of glasses consists mainly of metaphosphate chains.The halide anions remaining outside the phosphate chain will enhance the movements of the carrier by forming the pair of Cu+ ion with them.
ID: 95: IL-33/ST2 TRIGGERING OF IL-9–SECRETING T CELLS: FROM PROTEOMICS TO THERAPEUTICS

As one of the most validated immunotherapies to date, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative option for high-risk hematological malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The immunotherapeutic activity of allo-HCT is known as the graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) activity. However, GVL activity is often accompanied by T-cell reactivity to allo-antigens in normal host tissues, which leads to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), another major cause of death after HCT. Therefore, there is a great unmet need to improve the current process of allo-HCT through increasing the GVL activity and decreasing GVHD. We have shown that an elevated plasma level of soluble (s)ST2 in HCT patients is a risk factor for severe GVHD. ST2 blockade reduces sST2-producing T cells while maintaining protective membrane (m)ST2-expressing T cells such as type 2 T cells and regulatory T cells during aGVHD. A novel IL-9 producing T helper subset, Th9, expresses mST2. Furthermore, Th9 cells and IL-9 producing CD8 cytotoxic (Tc9) cells have higher antitumor activity than Th1 and Tc1 cells in melanoma models. Interestingly, we found that the addition of IL-33 during T9 differentiation (T9IL-33) increased expression of mST2 and PU.1, a transcription factor that promotes IL-9 production in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Adoptive transfer of T9IL-33 cells with bone marrow cells in a murine model of HCT resulted in less severe GVHD compared to transfer of T9IL-33 cells generated from ST2−/− or IL-9−/− T cells. Furthermore, cytolytic molecules implicated in anti-leukemic activity (granzyme B and perforin) were upregulated in WT T9IL-33 cells while ST2−/− T9IL-33 cells did not. WT T9IL-33 cells also exhibited higher anti-leukemic activity when cultured with a retrovirally transduced MLL-AF9 leukemic cells in comparison to ST2−/− T9IL-33 in in vitro cytolytic assays. In vivo GVL experiments with MLL-AF9 AML and adoptive transfer of T9IL-33 cells resulted in increased survival compared to syngeneic mice, allo-HCT mice transferred with T1 cells, or T9 cells or T9IL-33 cells generated from ST2−/− or IL-9−/− T cells. Human T9 cells are poorly studied. Here we demonstrate that IL-33 has the same impact on human T cells through enhancing IL-9 and Granzyme B production compared to T9 cells as well as demonstrated higher in vitro anti-leukemic cytolytic activity when incubated with MOLM14, an aggressive AML tumor cell line expressing FLT3/ITD mutations. Importantly, CD8α expression was upregulated in WT T9IL-33 (both CD4 and CD8) cells in comparison to ST2−/− T9IL-33 cells, and CD8α blockade with neutralizing antibody during allogeneic specific T9IL-33 differentiation reduced cytotoxicity of both murine T9IL-33, and human T9IL-33 cells as compared to the cell blocked with isotype control, suggesting that CD8α was associated with MHC-restricted cytolytic activity in T9IL-33 cells. Altogether, our observations demonstrated that adoptive transfer of T9IL-33 cells represents a promising cellular therapy following HCT.
Serum insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids in the cow and fetus during gestation.

SummaryInsulin, free fatty acids (FFA), and glucose were measured in blood sera from 37 primiparous Holstein heifers and their fetuses on Day 90, 180, or 260 of gestation. Blood was collected from the uterine artery and the uterine vein of the heifers, by cardiac puncture in the 90-day fetuses and from an umbilical artery and vein in 180- and 260-day fetuses.The average serum insulin concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in male than in female fetuses although the average of the two increased (P < 0.05) during gestation. The overall mean of fetal insulin was only 55% of that of the dam (P < 0.05) and the difference was greatest at 90 days gestation.Fetal FFA decreased (P < 0.05) during gestation, but maternal FFA increased (P < 0.05) as pregnancy progressed. Maternal FFA were higher (P < 0.01) than fetal FFA and the heifers carrying male fetuses had higher (P < 0.05) average FFA concentrations than heifers with male fetuses.Average fetal glucose decreased (P < 0.05) from Day 180 to 260 of gestation and the ...
Differential anaphylactic susceptibility of chicken and guinea pig intestine.

SummaryTested by the Schultz-Dale Technic, chicken antibody failed to sensitize the chicken or the guinea pig intestine. Rabbit antibody sensitized guinea pig intestine but failed to sensitize chicken intestine. The minimum doses of histamine and acetylcholine required for contraction of the chicken intestine were considerably larger than those required for guinea pig intestine.We wish to thank Dr. W. E. Vannier for critical review of the manuscript and Mr. H. Crilly and Mr. B. Clark for technical assistance.
Current Concepts in the Management of Tumors of the Skull Base

BACKGROUND: Due to their involvement with critical neurovascular structures, tumors located in the cranial base present challenges to neurosurgeons and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Rates of tumor control, complications, patient outcomes, and recurrences were extracted and summarized from two decades of our surgical and radiological treatment follow-up and review of the medical literature. RESULTS: Recent advances in surgical techniques involving cranial base approaches have made surgical intervention safer and curative resection more likely. In managing benign tumors, surgical resection is the gold standard for treatment. While immediate complications are still significant, long-term outcomes in most cases are excellent. Focused radiosurgery using a gamma knife or linear accelerator has produced favorable outcomes, and it improves the management of small or minimally symptomatic cranial base tumors. For slow-growing malignant tumors, extensive surgery followed by radiotherapy achieves the best outcome. In managing highly malignant tumors, outcome is determined by the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. On some occasions, surgery is needed to obtain greater control of highly malignant tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Skull base tumors are relatively common, and management of these tumors is rapidly evolving. The combination of surgical excision using cranial base techniques, radiosurgery, fractionated radiotherapy, and chemotherapy should be individually tailored based on the location and pathological aggressiveness of the tumor and the symptomatology of the patient.
Adiabatic Approximation in Explicit Solvent Models of RedOx Chemistry

We propose a calculation scheme that accelerates QM/MM simulations of solvated systems. This new approach is based on the adiabatic approximation whereby the solute degrees of freedom are separated from those of the solvent. More specifically, we assume that the solute electron density remains constant with respect to the relaxation of the solvent molecules. This allows us to achieve a dramatic speed-up of QM/MM calculations by discarding the slow self-consistent field cycle. We test this method by applying it to the calculation of the redox potential of aqueous transition metal ions. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) between the full solvation and adiabatic approximation is only 0.17 V. We find a RMSD from experimental values of 0.32 V for the adiabatic approximation as compared to 0.31 V for the full solvation model, so that the two methods are of essentially the same accuracy. Meanwhile, the adiabatic calculations are up to 10 times faster than the full solvation calculations, meaning that the meth...
Transgenic Expression of Wild Type JAK2 Suppresses Myeloproliferative Disorder Phenotypes Induced by Mutant JAK2V617F in Mice

JAK2V617F, a mutant form of tyrosine kinase JAK2, is found in the majority of patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). It displays increased kinase activity and causes MPD phenotypes in transgenic mice in a transgence dosage-dependent manner. Following our initial generation and characterization of JAK2V617F transgenic mice, we further generated transgenic mice expressing wild type JAK2 by using the same vav promoter employed for JAK2V617F. Three lines of JAK2 transgenic mice were generated. Real time PCR analyses revealed transgene copy numbers of 38, 2, and 1. All these mice are viable and fertile, and they displayed normal blood cell counts. This proves that the V617F mutation but not gene overexpression per se caused MPD phenotypes in JAK2V617F transgenic mice. We then crossed the JAK2 and JAK2V617F transgenic mice to generate JAK2/JAK2V617F double transgenic hybrids. Interestingly, these hybrid mice developed no or mild MPD phenotypes with only a slight increase in blood counts in contrast to the striking elevation observed in JAK2V617F transgenic mice. Expression of wild type JAK2 also blocked the constitutive activation of signal transduction components caused by JAK2V617F. Our data indicates that over-expression of wild type JAK2 suppresses the pathogenic function of mutant JAK2V617F. Therefore, JAK2V617F is not a typical dominant oncogene. Homozygous mutation or in the case of heterozygous mutation, its amplification with concurrent deletion or suppression of wild type JAK2, is required to produce MPD phenotypes. Our transgenic mouse models will serve as an invaluable tool to study the interplay of JAK2 and JAK2V617F and the mechanism by which specific MPD phenotypes develop.
Beyond Technology to Democracy: The Tool Legacy in Instrumentalism

This chapter compares the instrumentalism of Clarence E. Ayres and Marc R. Tool. Both work in the tradition of John Dewey and Thorstein Veblen. However, Tool has picked up where Ayres left off and has moved instrumentalism beyond the Ayresian foundation. In particular, the Ayresian formulation of instrumentalism was made without the insights gained from the 1960s; while Tool’s contributions were made in full recognition of what the turbulent 1960s taught us. Technological progress was the central concept in Ayres’s instrumentalism. Tool’s more recent instrumentalism includes technological progress, but in dealing with the revolutionary upsurges of the 1960s, Tool makes democratic participation the central element of social value theory. Therein lies the Tool legacy.
Human milk is the feeding strategy to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis

Human milk is the preferred diet for preterm infants as it protects against a multitude of NICU challenges, specifically necrotizing enterocolitis. Infants who receive greater than 50% of mother's own milk (MOM) in the 2 weeks after birth have a significantly decreased risk of NEC. An additional factor in the recent declining rates of NEC is the increased utilization of donor human milk (DHM). This creates a bridge until MOM is readily available, thus decreasing the exposure to cow milk protein. Preterm infants are susceptible to NEC due to the immaturity of their gastrointestinal and immune systems. An exclusive human milk diet compensates for these immature systems in many ways such as lowering gastric pH, enhancing intestinal motility, decreasing epithelial permeability, and altering the composition of bacterial flora. Ideally, preterm infants should be fed human milk and avoid bovine protein. A diet consisting of human milk-based human milk fortifier is one way to provide the additional nutritional supplements necessary for adequate growth while receiving the protective benefits of a human milk diet.
On Tidal Inference in the Diurnal Band

Standard methods of tidal inference should be revised to account for a known resonance that occurs mostly within the K(sub 1) tidal group in the diurnal band. The resonance arises from a free rotational mode of Earth caused by the fluid core. In a set of 110 bottom-pressure tide stations, the amplitude of the P(sub 1) tidal constituent is shown to be suppressed relative to K(sub 1), which is in good agreement with the resonance theory. Standard formulas for the K(sub 1) nodal modulation remain essentially unaffected. Two examples are given of applications of the refined inference methodology: one with monthly tide gauge data and one with satellite altimetry. For some altimeter-constrained tide models, an inferred P(sub 1) constituent is found to be more accurate than a directly determined one.
Advances in delivery of ambulatory autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma.

Purpose of reviewAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is generally performed in the inpatient setting in its entirety. Several centers have demonstrated the feasibility of performing ASCT for myeloma in the ambulatory setting. We review the safety, cost-effectiveness, complications and outcom
Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Tropical cyclone intensity estimation is a challenging task as it required domain knowledge while extracting features, significant pre-processing, various sets of parameters obtained from satellites, and human intervention for analysis. The inconsistency of results, significant pre-processing of data, complexity of the problem domain, and problems on generalizability are some of the issues related to intensity estimation. In this study, we design a deep convolutional neural network architecture for categorizing hurricanes based on intensity using graphics processing unit. Our model has achieved better accuracy and lower root-mean-square error by just using satellite images than ’state-of-the-art’ techniques. Visualizations of learned features at various layers and their deconvolutions are also presented for understanding the learning process.
Does advertising promote smokeless tobacco use among adolescent boys? Evidence from California

Objectives To assess trends in smokeless tobacco use and to identify risk factors that distinguish youths who use or who are at risk of using smokeless tobacco. Design Population based telephone surveys conducted in 1990,1992, and 1993. Subjects Adolescent boys in California aged 12 to 17 years and men between the ages of 18 and 24. Sample sizes were 3912 in 1990, 883 in 1992, and 2814 in 1993. Main outcome measures Current use and susceptibility to use smokeless tobacco. Methods The predictor variables that were examined included exposure to other users of smokeless tobacco, exposure to advertisements, rebelliousness, peer norms, school performance, depression, cigarette smoking, involvement in competitive or organised sports, attending religious services, and peer use of alcohol and drugs. Age and race adjusted logistic regression analyses was used to identify important predictors of outcome measures of the 1993 data. Results Whereas 15% of adolescent males had experimented with smokeless tobacco, current use appeared stable at around 6% for males aged 16 to 24 years. Smokeless tobacco use in teenage boys was associated with having best friends who were users (odds ratio = 13.2, p Conclusions Despite the large scale California Tobacco Control Program, adolescent use and susceptibility to use smokeless tobacco remained unchanged from 1990 to 1993. Exposure to other smokeless tobacco users was the largest predictor of both current use and susceptibility to use smokeless tobacco. However, peer approval and exposure to tobacco advertising were also both significant predictors for use and susceptibility. Extending the ban of tobacco marketing practices to all mass media may be necessary if smokeless tobacco use is to be reduced.
Angle-sums Relations; the Steiner Point

The subject matter of the present chapter differs from the foregoing parts of the book in being dependent on the structure of R d as a Euclidean space. In spirit, however, the topic is closely related to the material of chapters 8 and 9.
Partnering Industry and Education for Curricular Enhancement: A Response for Greater Educational Achievement

Despite high rates of unemployment, research indicates that employers are having a difficult time finding workers that have the knowledge and skills needed for available jobs. President Obama, state lawmakers, and national higher education associations are calling upon educational institutions to not only fill the current gap but to reach aggressive goals set for educational attainment in the U.S. by 2020. This article looks at a historical view of how education has met workforce needs in the past, employment projections, employer needs, and how educational institutions might respond to the call to develop a highly skilled workforce. In addition, a model designed to partner industry and education in the development of educational curriculum is offered to promote conversation as to how to better prepare workers and future graduates with the competencies and employability skills needed to perform in an ever-changing
CALCIUM MAGNESIUM ACETATE FROM BIOMASS

A switch from salt or calcium chloride to calcium-magnesium acetate for de-icing roads and highways would greatly decrease corrosion of automobiles, bridges, and highways, and deterioration of underground cables and pipes. Low-cost dolomitic lime used to neutralize acetic acid determines the proportions of calcium and magnesium. Cost will be critical, hence, the use of inexpensive fermentation substrates deserves prime consideration. Possible processes include the fermentation of cellulose, anaerobic digestion of biomass, and a non-fermentative route using alkaline degradation of carbohydrates.
MEASUREMENT OF EXPLOSIVE BLAST LOADS WITH FLATPACK STRESS GAGES

A flatpack stress gage was used to measure the reflected pressure from a nearby explosive charge. The gage contained one manganin foil element and two constantan foil elements, one parallel and one orthogonal to the manganin element. From the three resistance histories we determined the normal stress in the gage by using a numerical analysis based on the known piezoresistance and mechanical properties of the elements.
The Dynamics of Life: Imaging Temperature and Refractive Index Variations Surrounding Material and Biological Systems with Dynamic Interferometry

Dynamic interferometry is a highly sensitive means of obtaining phase information determining phase at rates of a few measurements per second. Many different techniques have been developed to obtain multiple frames of interferometric data simultaneously. Commercial instruments have recently been designed with the purpose of measuring phase data in the presence of vibration and air turbulence. The sensitivity of these phase-measurement instruments is on the order of thousandths of a wavelength at visible wavelengths. This sensitivity enables the measurement of small temperature changes and thermal fields surrounding living biological objects as well as material objects. Temperature differences are clearly noticeable using a visible wavelength source because of subtle changes in the refractive index of air due to thermal variations between an object and the ambient room temperature. Living objects can also easily be measured to monitor changes as a function of time. Unwrapping dynamic data in time enables the tracking of these subtle changes to better understand the dynamics and interactions of these subtle variations. This technique has many promising applications in biological and medical sciences for studying thermal fields around living objects. In this paper we outline methods of dynamic interferometry, discuss challenges and theoretical concerns, and present experimental data comparing thermal fields measured with dynamic phase-measuring interferometry surrounding warm and cold material objects as well as living biological objects.
Prognostication of Damage in Automotive Underhood Electronics Subjected to Temperature and Vibration

Electronics in automotive underhood environments is used for a number of safety critical functions. Reliable continued operation of electronic safety systems without catastrophic failure is important for safe operation of the vehicle. There is need for prognostication methods, which can be integrated, with on-board sensors for assessment of accrued damage and impending failure. In this paper, leadfree electronic assemblies consisting of daisy-chained parts have been subjected to high temperature vibration at 5g and 155°C. Spectrogram has been used to identify the emergence of new low frequency components with damage progression in electronic assemblies. Principal component analysis has been used to reduce the dimensionality of large data-sets and identify patterns without the loss of features that signify damage progression and impending failure. Variance of the principal components of the instantaneous frequency has been shown to exhibit an increasing trend during the initial damage progression, attaining a maximum value and decreasing prior to failure. The unique behavior of the instantaneous frequency over the period of vibration can be used as a health-monitoring feature for identifying the impending failures in automotive electronics. Further, damage progression has been studied using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique in order to decompose the signals into Independent Mode Functions (IMF). The IMF's were investigated based on their kurtosis values and a reconstructed strain signal was formulated with all IMF's greater than a kurtosis value of three. PCA analysis on the reconstructed strain signal gave better patterns that can be used for prognostication of the life of the components.
The New Medical World Order: Not So Flat

A few decades ago, the medical world did not have any particular order. Each country took care of people the way they thought it would be best. With some exceptions, hospitals for the most part, it existed in silos, isolated from other industries. However, there is a new medical order that has transformed the healthcare industry into a web-linked interdependent, complex, competitive industry, with the philosophy of domination, takeover of hospitals and creating large corporation of healthcare industry for the most part. This world order is with full contrasts, growing the gap wider between the hospitals of western world and third world countries and between hospitals of rural and urban America. So, the medical world, after all, may not be so flat.
Enhancing Software Requirements Cluster Labeling Using Wikipedia

Clustering plays an important role in reusable requirements retrieval from the ever-growing software project repositories. The literature on requirements cluster labeling is still emerging. Researchers have investigated clustering to support various software engineering activities such as requirements prioritization, feature identification, automated tracing, and code navigation. The primary task in analyzing the clustering results is to "label" the clusters by means of some representative words to summarize and comprehend the requirements data. Despite the development of automatic cluster labeling techniques for software requirements, very little is understood about enhancing the cluster labels using external knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. In this paper, we review the literature on enhancing cluster labeling, present a framework for requirements cluster labeling and conduct an experiment to evaluate how the Wikipedia-based enhancement performs in labeling requirements clusters. The results show that Wikipedia-based labeling outperforms traditional Information Retrieval (IR) techniques. Our work sheds light on improving automated ways to support information reuse and management in the context of requirements engineering (RE).
Mössbauer parameters of Fe 57 substituents in the topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3

$^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer spectroscopy can probe several local structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Fe-containing systems. However, to establish a direct relationship between these properties and a system's geometric structure, the experimental M\"ossbauer parameters need to be analyzed via electronic structure calculations. Herein, structural, electronic, and magnetic effects of iron substituents in the topological insulator ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, as uniquely probed by $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer spectroscopy, have been determined via spin-polarized electronic structure calculations. The iron ion substituents, of nominal ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}(S=5/2)$ oxidation and spin state, are unequivocally shown to substitute ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{3+}$ sites in epitaxial ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ thin-films used for M\"ossbauer measurements. Concomitant with iron substitution, localized structural rearrangements take place whereby the longer Bi-Se bonds of the native system are replaced by significantly shorter Fe-Se counterparts in the Fe-containing system. The resulting distorted-octahedral environment about substituent iron ions gives rise to characteristic M\"ossbauer parameters $({\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{Fe}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.51$ mm/s, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{E}_{\mathrm{Q}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.20$ mm/s) which have been calculated to be in excellent agreement with measured values for Fe-doped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ thin films. Consistent with a substituent ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ ion's nominal high-spin electronic configuration $({t}_{2\mathrm{g}}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\uparrow}}{e}_{\mathrm{g}}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\uparrow}})$, an Fe-centered spin density has been established which, nevertheless, extends toward neighboring Se atoms via direct Fe-Se bonding and concomitant $\text{Fe}(d)\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{Se}(p)$ hybridization.
Towards All Optical DCI Networks

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical architecture for data center interconnect networks with reconfiguration times of a few seconds. Filtering and amplification transient effects have minimal impact on BER performance.
Physiological responses of pepper seedlings to various ratios of blue, green, and red light using LED lamps

Abstract Chlorophyll absorbs green light less efficiently than it absorbs other wavelengths in the visible spectrum so green light drives photosynthesis less efficaciously. Green light emitting diodes (LEDs) are also less efficacious at converting electrical energy into photons than their red and blue counterparts. Consequently, most photosynthetic LED lighting has been designed without including green wavelengths in the spectrum. Plant physiological research has largely focused on light signal responses to red, far-red and blue light, but recent efforts suggest other wavebands may play an important role in plant development and photosynthetic activity. We have examined the role of monochromatic red, blue and green light and combinations of these colors with regard to seedling growth of bell pepper. The shoots of pepper plants grown under monochromatic green light had greater leaf area and lower specific leaf weight (mg cm−2) than those grown under monochromatic blue or red light. Green light also resulted in taller plants with greater dry weight and thicker stems relative to plants grown with blue light. A broad spectrum including red, green, and blue wavelengths resulted in the highest shoot dry weight and plant compactness.
Liberate Abstract Garbage Collection from the Stack by Decomposing the Heap

Abstract garbage collection and the use of pushdown systems each enhance the precision of control-flow analysis (CFA). However, their respective needs conflict: abstract garbage collection requires the stack but pushdown systems obscure it. Though several existing techniques address this conflict, none take full advantage of the underlying interplay. In this paper, we dissolve this conflict with a technique which exploits the precision of pushdown systems to decompose the heap across the continuation.This technique liberates abstract garbage collection from the stack, increasing its effectiveness and the compositionality of its host analysis. We generalize our approach to apply compositional treatment to abstract timestamps which induces the context abstraction of m-CFA, an abstraction more precise than k-CFA’s for many common programming patterns.
Bisexual-Identifying Women’s Relationship Expectations of Female- and Male-Identifying Partners

Gender role socialization influences women’s expectations in intimate relationships. For bisexual-identifying women, expectations may differ by the gender of their partner. We interviewed a raciall...
Solute softening and vacancy generation by diffusion-less climb in magnesium alloys

Active room temperature diffusion-less climb of the edge dislocations in model Mg-Al alloys was observed using molecular dynamics simulations. Dislocations on prismatic and pyramidal I planes climb through the basal plane to overcome solute obstacles. This out-of-plane dislocation motion softens the high resistance pyramidal I glide and significantly reduces the anisotropy of dislocation mobility, and could help improve the ductility of Mg. The flow stress scales linearly with solute concentration, cAl. Dislocations climb predominantly in the negative direction, with climb angle on the order of 0.01cAl, producing very high vacancy concentration on the order of 10-4.
High-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer in the elderly: Does adjuvant chemotherapy affect survival?

229Background: RTOG0521 and STAMPEDE showed improved Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) respectively, of ACT (adjuvant chemotherapy) to ADT (androgen deprivation therapy) and...
The Topological Landscape and the Sphaleron Path

Let me begin with a qualitative picture. Like monopoles, sphalerons are 3-d magnetic objects made of SU(2) non-Abelian gauge fields. They are “solitons”, solutions of classical Yang-Mills eqn.