cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distraction osteogenesis to widen the mandible

The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the biology of distraction osteogenesis during mandibular widening. Midsymphyseal vertical interdental osteotomies were performed in nine Macaca mulatta monkeys. After a latency period a tooth-borne appliance was activated at a rate of 0.5 mm twice a day for 7-10 days. The appliance was then stabilized for a period of 4 or 8 weeks. The distraction gap at the inferior portion of the symphysis was bridged completely by new bony trabeculae. Bone formation in the interdental area was apparently related to the surgical technique. Newly formed bony trabeculae were oriented parallel to the direction of distraction. The location of the osteotomy site with an adequate margin of alveolar bone contiguous with the adjacent teeth was necessary for the induction of the distraction osteogenesis. Disproportional movement between superior and inferior portions of the distracted segments was noted.
New technique for molecular-dynamics computer simulations: Hellmann-Feynman theorem and subspace Hamiltonian approach

In the past, molecular-dynamics computer simulations have employed model potentials of the interaction between atoms. Here we introduce a new molecular-dynamics technique in which atomic forces are computed from the total electronic energy of the system of interacting atoms. The method is illustrated by trajectories for Al and As atoms scattering off the relaxed (110) surface of GaAs.
SELF-ASSEMBLED, SUB-MICROMETER DIAMETER SEMIPERMEABLE CAPSULES

Semipermeable nanoscopic hollow spheres or cages with diameters in the sub-micrometer to the 100 nm range are accessible by the self-assembly of polymers onto sub-micrometer sized particles (Mohwald et al.) or by the formation of shell-cross-linked polymeric micelles (Wooley et al.) followed by chemical degradation of the underlying particle or micelle core (see scheme).
Structure and emission spectra of dinuclear lanthanide(III) β-diketonate complexes with a bridging 2,2′-bipyrimidine ligand

Abstract The 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpm) adducts of the β-diketonate complexes of Eu(III), Sm(III), or Yb(III) with 2,2′,6,6′-tetramethyl-2,4-heptanedione (tmhd) resulted in the formation of dinuclear species. The synthesis and X-ray structure of these three new dinuclear lanthanide complexes are found to be similar. Each lanthanide ion is eight coordinate, bound to six O-atoms from the β-diketonates and 2N atoms from the bridging bpm ligand. They exhibit Ln–Ln distances (Sm(III): 6.935 A, Eu(III): 6.901 A, Yb(III): 6.679 A) and Ln–ligand distances that are consistent with the decrease in radii across the lanthanide series. Absorption spectra of the complexes are dominated by ligand absorptions. Both the solution and solid state emission spectra of the complexes resemble ordinary monomeric lanthanide species, indicating independent ions in the dinuclear species. Cyclic voltammetry of all the complexes appear almost identical with discernable ligand centered redox reactions. The complex with Eu(III) ions, having the lowest possible lanthanide redox potential, was not found to display a signal corresponding to metal reduction.
Structural And Optical Properties Of DMP-128 Holograms During Environmental Testing

Changes in the structure of photopolymer holograms during environmental testing were studied with two techniques: (1) Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fracture cross-sections and (2) modeling the refractive index profile. The profile was estimated using optical data: reflectivities corresponding to the fundamental spatial frequency and the second harmonic. We chose to use holograms that had not been through the normal stabilization treatments for the material, in order to study the properties of the basic structure. The changes are interpreted within the context of the void model for this photopolymer's structure.
THE STEPWISE BIPHOTONIC PHOTOIONIZATION OF CHLORPROMAZINE AS SEEN BY LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS

It is generally accepted that both promazine (PZ) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) photoionize monophotoiiically to their respective cation radicals and the corresponding hydrated electrons. It is also supposed that this photoionization has a role in the phototoxic effects of these drugs. However, using laser flash photolysis, we have observed that photoionization of CPZ during S, excitation (A > 300 nm) is a stepwise biphotonic process. In the case of PZ our flash photolysis results are less clear- cut, but are consistent with stepwise biphotonic photoionization for S, excitation. We demonstrate, using computer simulation of the intramolecular kinetics, that the estimated triplet state lifetime of CPZ is sufficiently long (23 ns at room temperature) to account for the apparent monophotonic photoionization that has been observed by others at high light intensities and short pulse times. Our laser flash photolysis results also suggest that the photo-ionization mechanism of PZ and CPZ is wavelength-dependent. Both drugs exhibit apparent monophotonic photoionization when they are excited at 266 nm under conditions of laser pulse width and intensity similar to those at 355 nm. We suggest that photoionization is not an important mechanism in the observed phototoxic and photoal- lergic effects of PZ and CPZ in sunlight.
ALS-linked mutations in ubiquilin-2 or hnRNPA1 reduce interaction between ubiquilin-2 and hnRNPA1

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked mutations in UBQLN2 and some members of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) family cause ALS. Most mutations in UBQLN2 are missense mutations that occur in and around a PXX repeat motif located in the central domain of the encoded protein. However, neither the function of the PXX motif nor the mechanism by which mutations in UBQLN2 cause ALS is known. We screened a yeast two-hybrid library using the central domain of ubiquilin-2 hoping to identify proteins whose binding is affected by the UBQLN2 mutations. Three such interactors were identified-hnRNPA1, hnRNPA3 and hnRNPU-all members of the hnRNP family. The interacting region in each of these proteins was their glycine-rich domain, the domain most frequently mutated in hnRNP-related proteins that cause ALS. We focused on hnRNPA1, because a mutation in the protein causes ALS. We confirmed the interaction between wild-type (WT) ubiquilin-2 and hnRNPA1 proteins in vitro and in cells. In contrast, all five ALS mutations in ubiquilin-2 that we examined had reduced binding with WT hnRNPA1. In addition, hnRNPA1 carrying the D262V missense mutation that causes ALS failed to bind WT ubiquilin-2. Overexpression of ubiquilin-2 containing the ALS mutations increased cell death and, for several of the mutants, this correlated with increased translocation of hnRNPA1 to the cytoplasm. Knockdown of ubiquilin-2 led to increased turnover of hnRNPA1, indicating ubiquilin-2 functions to stabilize hnRNPA1. The discovery that ubiquilin-2 interacts with hnRNP proteins and that mutation in either protein disrupts interaction suggests a connection between proteostasis and RNA metabolism.
Sensitivity in partial discharge detection

Acoustic sensors are extensively used for detecting the partial discharge (PD) in power equipment [1,2]. Picking up the PD signals from different positions can help locate where PD occurs. As for noise, the intensity of PD impulses should be strong enough to be detected by the acoustic sensor. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the acoustic sensor and RF coils in two different configurations. In the first configuration, the RF coils detect PD impulses from an area larger than that sensed by the acoustic sensor. In the other configuration, the two types of sensor detect the PD signals from the same area. Results show that the sensitivity of RF coils is 40–100 times higher than that of the acoustic sensor in the two configurations. Occurrences of PD impulses seen on the 500-MHz scope reveal that RF coils can sense far more PD signals than the acoustic sensor. In sum, RF coils show high sensitivity and better performance in locating PD in power equipment.
Informal organizational networking as a crisis- avoidance strategy: US naval flight operations as a case study

The requirement for maintaining responsiveness and flexibility with a high degree of operational reliability and safety puts considerable demand on any organization. In the case of US Navy flight operations at sea, conditions of extraordinarily tight coupling and high technical complexity, flexible demand and uncertain environment provide more potential sources of crisis and acci dent than there are management personnel or permanent structures to cope with them. This paper discusses the Navy's evolved and relatively successful strategy of creating and maintaining a set of informal, evanescent, functional networks whose primary purpose is to anticipate and deflect emerging crises rather than merely react to them.
A new formulation for rotor equivalent wind speed for wind resource assessment and wind power forecasting

The spurt of growth in the wind energy industry has led to the development of many new technologies to study this energy resource and improve the efficiency of wind turbines. One of the key factors in wind farm characterization is the prediction of power output of the wind farm that is a strong function of the turbulence in the wind speed and direction. A new formulation for calculating the expected power from a wind turbine in the presence of wind shear, turbulence, directional shear and direction fluctuations is presented. It is observed that wind shear, directional shear and direction fluctuations reduce the power producing capability, while turbulent intensity increases it. However, there is a complicated superposition of these effects that alters the characteristics of the power estimate that indicates the need for the new formulation. Data from two field experiments is used to estimate the wind power using the new formulation, and results are compared to previous formulations. Comparison of the estimates of available power from the new formulation is not compared to actual power outputs and will be a subject of future work. © 2015 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Input pattern classification for transistor level testing of bridging faults in BiCMOS circuits

Combining the advantages of bipolar and CMOS, BiCMOS is emerging as a major technology for high speed, high performance, digital and mixed signal applications. Recent investigations have revealed that bridging faults can be a major failure mode in ICs. This paper presents the effects of bridging faults affecting p- or n-parts and input bridging faults of logical nodes affecting p- and n-parts. It is shown that bridging faults can be detected by I/sub DDQ/ monitoring in BiCMOS devices. An input pattern classification scheme is presented for bridging faults. These classes of input patterns are then used to obtain test sets for bridging fault detection.
Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy for treatment of aggressive head and neck nonmelanomatous skin tumors in elderly patients.

Objectives/Hypothesis Aggressive nonmelanomatous skin tumors (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Bowen's disease) of the head and neck often occur in Caucasian elderly patients because of prior history of radiation therapy for teenage acne and adenoid hypertrophy; severe solar-induced skin damage, basal cell nevus syndrome, and other genetic skin diseases; chemical carcinogen exposure; and drug-induced immunosuppression. In patients with large, multifocal recurrent tumors, standard therapy with acceptable cosmetic outcomes may be difficult. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizing agents selectively taken up by skin provides a primary or adjunct intraoperative option for treatment of this special group of cancer patients. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods Patients (age range, 60–92 y) were injected with 1.0 mg/kg PHOTOFRIN (dihematoporphyrin derivative) followed 60 hours later by intraoperative laser light activation. Light was delivered through microlens fiber by means of an argon dye laser at 630 nm at a light dose of 100 to 300 J/cm2 microlens delivery for PDT alone and 50 to 100 J/cm2 microlens delivery for tumor bed resection sites in the case of adjunct PDT combined with surgical resection. Results Twelve cases of aggressive recurrent nonmelanomatous cutaneous tumors of the head and neck were treated. Five patients received intraoperative PDT combined with surgical resection, including radical mastoidectomy, lateral temporal bone resection, partial maxillectomy with temporalis myofacial flap reconstruction, and wide local resection with secondary intention healing of exposed scalp wounds. Seven patients were treated with PDT alone for extensive multiple cutaneous lesions or wide-field primary or recurrent nonmelanomatous tumors. Ten patients achieved complete responses (follow-up, 6–60 mo) with excellent wound healing and cosmetic outcomes. Conclusions PHOTOFRIN-mediated PDT is an excellent locoregional oncological modality for aggressive primary or recurrent basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in elderly patients who were previously treated with extensive Mohs microsurgery, surgical resection, and external-beam radiation therapy. Multiple repeat treatments are well tolerated, painless, without systemic morbidity, and amenable to local anesthesia or intravenous sedation for PDT alone, and wound healing and cosmetic outcomes are excellent.
Relative Risk of Listeriosis in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) Sites According to Age, Pregnancy, and Ethnicity

Background Quantitative estimates of the relative risk (RR) of listeriosis among higher-risk populations and a nuanced understanding of the age-specific risks are crucial for risk assessments, targeted interventions, and policy decisions. Method The RR of invasive listeriosis was evaluated by age, pregnancy status, and ethnicity using 2004-2009 data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet). Nonparametric logistic regression was used to characterize changes in risk with age and ethnicity. Adjusted RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated using negative binomial generalized linear models. Results Among non-pregnancy-associated cases, listeriosis incidence rates increased gradually with age (45-59 years: RR, 4.7; 95% CI, 3.3-6.8; >85 years: RR, 53.8; 95% CI, 37.3-78.9; reference: 15-44 years). The RR was significantly higher for Hispanics than for non-Hispanics (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5). Among women of reproductive age (15-44 years), pregnant women had a markedly higher listeriosis risk (RR, 114.6; 95% CI, 68.9-205.1) than nonpregnant women. The RR was higher for Hispanic than non-Hispanic women, regardless of pregnancy status, and this increased during the study period (2004-2006: RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.3; 2007-2009: RR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.1-7.1). Conclusions This study quantifies the increases in risk of listeriosis among older persons, pregnant women, and Hispanics in the United States. Additional research is needed to better describe the independent effects of age on risk while accounting for underlying conditions. These estimates are needed both to optimize risk assessment models and to inform targeted interventions and policy decisions.
Persistence of rRNA operon mutated copies and rapid re-emergence of linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

Objectives: The G2576T mutation in domain V of 23S rRNA has been most often associated with the rare cases of linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. In a linezolid-susceptible S. aureus (A8761B) possessing a single mutated (G2576T) copy, originally derived from a resistant clinical isolate, we assessed the persistence of the mutation on further passage on antibiotic-free medium and the selection of resistance upon re-exposure of the susceptible strain to linezolid. Methods: The stability of the mutant rRNA copy was tested through 40 serial passages on antibioticfree medium. The re-emergence of linezolid-resistant mutants was examined after serial passage on successively increasing linezolid concentrations. The efficacy of novobiocin, at subinhibitory concentrations, to prevent or delay the emergence of resistant mutants was examined. Strain relatedness was confirmed by PFGE and domain V of individual rRNA copies was sequenced. Results: After 40 passages in antibiotic-free medium, the linezolid MIC of derived strain A9584 remained stable at 2 mg/L and the G2576T mutation persisted in one 23S rRNA gene copy (copy number 2). Upon re-exposure of the strain to increasing concentrations of linezolid, linezolid resistance (MIC of 64 mg/L) emerged rapidly. In a representative derivative (A9753), the G2576T mutation was found in four of the five rRNA copies. All laboratory derivates were closely related by PFGE. When A9584 was applied to plates containing linezolid at 43 MIC, resistant colonies emerged at a frequency of 8 3 10 26 . Novobiocin at 1/43 MIC prevented the emergence of resistant colonies. Conclusions: The persistence of the G2576T mutation in one rRNA operon copy in the absence of selective pressure suggests that the mutation has a minimal impact on the organism’s fitness in vitro. Resistance to linezolid, associated with acquisition of multiple mutant copies, emerges rapidly upon re-exposure to linezolid. Novobiocin, predicted to interfere with gene conversion, may reduce the likelihood of rapid development of linezolid resistance.
A new approach to learning control via multiobjective optimization

Summary form only given. Previous work where estimation of the parameters of a plant was incorporated through exploratory schedules (ESs) which are reference input trajectories designed to enhance the learning of system parameters, is extended. In that work, ESs were generated offline and used in an open-loop fashion. Moreover, these ESs were used in between actual control tasks, therefore limiting the process of estimation during idle time. In this work the authors present an approach for generating ESs in a closed-loop manner. Such trajectories in general may not be the desired trajectories, since they result in larger tracking errors. However, ESs offer faster convergence to the system parameters and therefore yield smaller long-term tracking errors. The automation for the design of ESs requires online modification of the desired trajectory to enhance learning at the expense of poorer initial tracking. >
Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue: a case report

Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue has been rarely reported. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of linezolid-induced black hairy tongue and review the literature. A 56-year-old Caucasian man was admitted with community-acquired pneumonia that failed to respond to levofloxacin 750mg daily. He was started on linezolid and meropenem and was subsequently discharged home on oral linezolid 600mg every 12 hours and intravenous ertapenem 1g daily. On a follow-up clinic visit, day 14 of linezolid therapy, he complained of dysgeusia and his tongue examination was consistent with black hairy tongue. After he finished his antibiotic course, his complaints resolved with regular tongue brushing. Black hairy tongue is characterized by abnormal hypertrophy and elongation of filiform papillae. Five reported cases of linezolid-induced black hairy tongue were identified in a MEDLINE search (from January 2000 to June 2012). The Naranjo Probability Scale revealed a probable adverse drug reaction of linezolid-induced black hairy tongue. Potential contributing factors included other antibiotics, drug–drug interaction and poor oral hygiene. Health care professionals should be aware of the possibility of linezolid-induced black hairy tongue. Thorough history for other possible contributing factors should be obtained. Patients on linezolid should be counseled to perform good oral hygiene.
Elements of large-sample theory

This introductory book on the most useful parts of large-sample theory is designed to be accessible to scientists outside statistics and certainly to master’s-level statistics students who ignore most of measure theory. According to the author, “the subject of this book, first-order large- sample theory, constitutes a coherent body of concepts and results that are central to both theoretical and applied statistics.” All of the other existing books published on the subject over the last 20 years, from Ibragimov and Has’minskii in 1979 to the most recent by Van der Waart in 1998 have a common prerequisite in mathematical sophistication (measure theory in particular) that do not make the concepts available to a wide audience.
Several remarks on non-boolean functions over boolean algebras

We investigate characterizations of n-argument Boolean functions in the class of functions defined on Boolean algebras and we extend our previous results centered around the approximation of non-Boolean functions by Boolean functions. We also generalize of the notions of upper and lower semi-Boolean functions to the case of n-variable functions.
A Randomized Approximation Algorithm for Probabilistic Inference on Bayesian Belief Networks

Researchers in decision analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) have used Bayesian belief networks to build probabilistic expert systems. Using standard methods drawn from the theory of computational complexity, workers in the field have shown that the problem of probabilistic inference in belief networks is difficult and almost certainly intractable. We have developed a randomized approximation scheme, BN-RAS, for doing probabilistic inference in belief networks. The algorithm can, in many circumstances, perform efficient approximate inference in large and richly interconnected models. Unlike previously described stochastic algorithms for probabilistic inference, the randomized approximation scheme (ras) computes a priori bounds on running time by analyzing the structure and contents of the belief network. In this article, we describe BN-RAS precisely and analyze its performance mathematically.
Effect of Temperature on Acoustic Emission Evaluation of FRP Vessels (Tensile Specimens)

Current American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) provisions require that acoustic emission testing for class II vessels be carried out at operating temperature in the event that the operating temperature exceeds 120°F (49°C). This causes increased cost due to the need for a boiler. Safety is also a concern due to the possibility of a leak or failure of the vessel during testing. More important than these two items is the lack of data that is available from fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) vessels and/or components that have been subjected to acoustic emission evaluation at elevated temperature. This has lead to speculation regarding the appropriateness of conducting acoustic emission evaluations at elevated temperature. To address these issues an experimental investigation was conducted on representative coupon specimens at differing temperatures. The results of the investigation are described.
Momentum transport by the thermal tide in the stratosphere of Venus

The response of a stratified Boussinesq fluid subjected to a moving periodic thermal forcing is analysed and the role of thermal stratification in the generation of a mean ‘zonal’ motion discussed. In the parameter range where the phase speed of this forcing is much less than the speed of the gravest gravity wave mode, the problem may be treated as one of momentum transport by damped internal gravity waves, though the analysis does not require that the damping be small. Results from a simple model show that mean flow speeds much larger than the speed of heat source motion can be generated by this mechanism. Whilst, in the parameter range appropriate (to the best of our present knowledge) to the stratosphere of Venus, some assumptions of the analysis are violated, it is argued that mean winds of the order of 100m s−1 may be generated, thus supporting the suggestion of Schubert and Whitehead that this mechanism is responsible for the observed four-day rotation of that planet's equatorial stratosphere. It is shown that the ratio of mean wind velocity to the speed of the subsolar point is independent of the length of the solar day, and that it is largely determined by the distribution of radiative heating and cooling in the planetary atmosphere.
ANTIANDROGEN, VACCINE AND COMBINATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH NONMETASTATIC HORMONE REFRACTORY PROSTATE CANCER

ABSTRACTPurpose: There is no current standard treatment for patients with prostate cancer who have received hormonal therapy but have an increasing prostate specific antigen (PSA) without radiographic evidence of metastasis. This trial was designed to analyze toxicity, immunogenicity and time to treatment failure using vaccine, antiandrogen therapy or their sequential use.Materials and Methods: A total of 42 patients were randomized to receive vaccine vs antiandrogen therapy with nilutamide. The vaccine consisted of recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the PSA and B7.1 costimulatory genes as prime vaccinations, and avipox-PSA as boosters. After 6 months patients with an increasing PSA and no metastasis may receive a combination of both treatments.Results: Three patients on nilutamide were removed from study secondary to grade 3 toxicities but no grade 3 toxicities were attributed to vaccine. In the vaccine arm median time to treatment failure was 9.9 months with 13 of 21 decreases in PSA velocity vs 7....
Late-Onset Adrenal Steroid 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency. I. A Cause of Hirsutism in Pubertal and Postpubertal Women

To investigate the adrenal cause of hyperandrogenism in peri- and postpubertal hirsute women, baseline and ACTH-stimulated serum concentrations of delta 5-17-hydroxypregnenolone (delta 5-17P), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), cortisol, delta 4-androstenedione, and testosterone were determined in 116 women with hirsutism or acne of peri- and postpubertal onset with or without menstrual abnormalities. The results were compared with the same steroid concentrations in 30 normal age-matched women. Sixteen of the 116 women with hirsutism whose ACTH-stimulated 17-OHP levels (mean +/- SD, 5404 +/- 3234 ng/dl; normal, 334 +/- 194) were markedly elevated while their ratios of delta 5-17P to 17-OHP (0.4 +/- 0.2; normal, 3.4 +/- 1.5) were low were diagnosed as having nonclassical symptomatic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Seventeen other hirsute women, including 3 siblings, had very high responses of delta 5-17P (2276 +/- 669 ng/dl; normal, 985 +/- 327) and DHEA (2787 +/- 386 ng/dl; normal, 1050 +/- 384) to ACTH stimulation, with significantly elevated ratios of delta 5-17P to 17-OHP (11 +/- 2.0; normal, 3.4 +/- 1.5) and DHEA to delta 4-androstenedione (7.5 +/- 2.3; normal, 4.6 +/- 1.5). In these hirsute women, the morning serum delta 5-17P and DHEA concentrations were elevated, had a diurnal variation, and were suppressed with dexamethasone administration. We propose that partial adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency is the cause of hirsutism in these women. This may represent an allelic variant at the genetic locus for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency similar to that reported for symptomatic nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency producing peripubertal excess androgen syndrome.
Analytic and Experimental Investigation of Dihedral Configurations of Three-Winglet Planforms

An analytic and experimental effort was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of three winglets mounted chordwise to the tip of a rectangular wing. The winglets, with an aspect ratio of 4.6, were mounted on a half-span wing having an effective aspect ratio of 6.29. 13 configurations of varying dihedral arrangements were analyzed with a vortex lattice method and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 600,000. While the analytic method provided fair agreement with the experimental results, the predicted trends in lift, drag, and (to a lesser degree) pitching moment were in good agreement. The analytic distributions of wake velocity, circulation, and downwash angle verified that highly nonplanar configurations tended to reduce and diffuse the regions of highest circulation and to create more moderate downwash angles in the wake. This was manifest as an overall drag reduction. More specifically, the results showed that the winglets could be placed in various optimum orientations to increase the lift coefficient as much as 65% at the same angle of attack, decrease the drag coefficient as much as 54% at the same lift coefficient, or improve the maximum L/D by up to 57%. The most dramatic findings from this study show that positioning the winglet dihedral angles had the result of adjusting the magnitude and slope of the pitching moment coefficient. These observations suggest that multiple winglet dihedral variations may be feasible for use as actively controlled surfaces to improve the performance of aircraft at various flight conditions and to "tune" the longitudinal stability characteristics of the configuration.
The potential utility of patient-reported range of motion after total knee arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a safe, cost-effective treatment for pain relief and improvement of knee function in patients with knee arthritis. The procedure has become extremely common in the United States: in 2008 alone, over 615,000 TKAs were performed mainly driven by the high prevalence of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). Candidates for the procedure typically have diminished quality of life due to persistent knee pain and significant functional limitation. OA is the main clinical indication for TKA (approximately 97% of cases). Advanced OA is associated with reduced knee range of motion (ROM), which leads to increased disability: an individual requires 67° of knee flexion to walk normally, 83° of flexion to climb stairs, 90° to walk down stairs, 105° to get up from a chair, and 115° to rise from a sofa.
FORMS: a flexible object recognition and modeling system

We describe a flexible object recognition and modelling system (FORMS) which represents and recognizes animate objects from their silhouettes. This consists of a model for generating the shapes of animate objects which gives a formalism for solving the inverse problem of object recognition. We model all objects at three levels of complexity: (i) the primitives, (ii) the mid-grained shapes, which are deformations of the primitives, and (iii) objects constructed by using a grammar to join mid-grained shapes together. The deformations of the primitives can be characterized by principal component analysis or modal analysis. When doing recognition the representations of these objects are obtained in a bottom-up manner from their silhouettes by a novel method for skeleton extraction and part segmentation based on deformable circles. These representations are then matched to a database of prototypical objects to obtain a set of candidate interpretations. These interpretations are verified in a top-down process. The system is demonstrated to be stable in the presence of noise, the absence of parts, the presence of additional parts, and considerable variations in articulation and viewpoint. Finally, we describe how such a representation scheme can be automatically learnt from examples.
US Surveillance Law, Safe Harbor, and Reforms Since 2013

This White Paper is a submission to the Belgian Privacy Authority for its December 18, 2015 Forum on “The Consequences of the Judgment in the Schrems Case.” The Forum discusses the decision by the European Court of Justice in Schrems v. Data Protection Commissioner that the EU/US Safe Harbor was unlawful under the EU Data Protection Directive, particularly due to concerns about US surveillance law.For the Forum, I have been asked to comment on two issues:1) Is US surveillance law fundamentally compatible with EU data protection law? 2) What actions and reforms has the US taken since the Snowden revelations began in June 2013?The White Paper draws on my background as a scholar of both EU data protection law and US surveillance law. It addresses serious misunderstandings of US national security law, reflected in official statements made in the Schrems case and elsewhere. It has three chapters:(1) The fundamental equivalence of the United States and EU member States as constitutional democracies under the rule of law. In the Schrems decision, the US was criticized for failing to ensure “a level of protection of fundamental rights essentially equivalent to that guaranteed in the EU legal order.” This chapter critiques that finding, instead showing that the United States has strict rule of law, separation of powers, and judicial oversight of law enforcement and national security surveillance, which together make the US legal order “essentially equivalent” to the EU legal order.(2) The Section 702 PRISM and Upstream programs are reasonable and lawful responses to changing technology. The Advocate General’s opinion in the Schrems case said that the PRISM program gave the NSA “unrestricted access to mass data” stored in the US, and that Section 702 enabled NSA access “in a generalised manner” for “all persons and all means of electronic communications.” This chapter refutes those claims, which appear to be based in part on incorrect stories in the press. Instead, the Section 702 programs operate with judicial supervision and subject to numerous safeguards and limitations. They examine the communications only of targeted individuals, and only for listed foreign intelligence purposes. The total number of individuals targeted under Section 702 in 2013 was 92,707, a tiny fraction of Internet users in the EU or globally.(3) The US Congress and executive branch have instituted two dozen significant reforms to surveillance law and practice since 2013. The Schrems decision said that US privacy protections must be evaluated in the “current factual and legal context,” but did not address the numerous changes put in place since 2013. This chapter provides a readable explanation of each of these actions, which together constitute the biggest set of pro-privacy actions in US surveillance law since creation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in 1978.
The function of LFA-1 in cell-mediated killing and adhesion: studies on heritable LFA-1, Mac-1 deficiency and on lymphoid cell self-aggregation.

Lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein identified in mouse and human by monoclonal antibodies which inhibit cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated cytolysis (1–5). LFA-1 contains noncovalently associated a and 3 subunits of Mr = 180,000 and 95,000, respectively. Anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) inhibit cytolysis by CTL and NK cells as well as proliferative responses to mitogens, alloantigens, and soluble antigens. LFA-1 is broadly distributed on leukocytes, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes, but is not expressed on a number of other somatic cells. Anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies inhibit conjugate formation between CTL and targets (1, 6, 7); therefore, LFA-1 may be instrumental in cell-cell adhesion.
Revision of serpulids of the genus Rotularia (Annelida) at Seymour Island (Antarctic Peninsula) and their value in stratigraphy

The Rotularia is a common element of Jurassic to early Tertiary shallow-water marine faunas but little attention has been paid to its paleoecologic and stratigraphic significance. A large collection of Rotularia from the Lopez de Bertodano Formation with precise stratigraphic control, allows division of the sequence into four local zones. These zones have been used to correlate Seymour Island strata with sediments from Snow Hill Island and tentatively with those from Vega Island and The Naze (James Ross Island), and may be useful in clarifying questions about the general stratigraphy of the James Ross Island Basin. A new subgenus (Austrorotularia) and two species (Rotularia (A.) tenuilaevis and R. (A.) zinsmeisteri) are described.--Modified journal abstract.
System Integrated Technology Based on FPGA Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration

In this study,the classical structure of multi-function integrated system is analyzed. Improved structure using technologies including FPGA dynamic partial reconfiguration and partition operation system is discussed. The number of devices of the DSP module can be reduced and the volume and the power absorption of the DSP module also can be decreased by using these new technologies. The module number and the volume and the power absorption of the system also can be reduced.
Causation Analysis by Test and Detection on Break Fault of 220kV Overhead Transmission Line

The paper introduces line break failure and temporary treatment measures of 220 kV overhead transmission line,then gives the reasons for disconnection of wires through performance mechanical and electrical comparison tests of the broken samples such as pull test,current carrier and temperature rising test,electron microscopy test and energy spectrum analysis.Points out that as a long line running years,the wire had existed significant defects of machinery and electricity before the fracture,and then led to wire break under a small load current due to vicious cycle of local heat development and gradual loss of strength.At the end this paper,stresses the need to control load current and infrared temperature measurement to remove security risks of line,and suggests taking out technical transformation project of fault line as soon as possible.
Simulated effects of culling ewes for age and failure to conceive on biological efficiency of an annual lambing production system.

A deterministic computer simulation model was used to estimate the effects of different culling strategies for nonconception and age on the biological efficiency of an annual lambing system. Interaction among culling strategy and genotype for system efficiency was estimated by also varying ewe genetic potentials for fertility, precocity of fertility, and litter size. Biological efficiency was defined as grams of empty body weight equivalent value of market lamb, cull ewe, and wool output per kilogram input of TDN. Pure breeding with random selection of intraflock replacement ewe lambs was assumed. Sheep were fed to maintain normal weight. Maximum allowable ewe age (i.e., time at culling for age) was varied from 2 to 10 yr. The four strategies of culling for nonconception that were simulated ranged from no removal for nonconception to removal of all nonpregnant ewes 15 wk after exposure. During calculation of lamb empty body weight equivalent, relative values per kilogram of output for market lambs, cull ewes, and clean wool were assumed to be 1 to .33 to 2.04 for most simulation runs. In addition, relative value of cull ewes was varied to .01, .16, .50, or .99 for some simulations. The effect of strategy for removal of nonconceiving ewes on system efficiency depended on maximum ewe age and genotype. In general, if relative value per kilogram of cull ewes to market lambs was < or = .50, ewes should be allowed to produce through 4 or 5 yr of age and then be salvaged. Unless salvage value of culled ewes approaches that of market lambs, ewe lambs should not be culled for failure to conceive.
Evaluation of Color Doppler Intraoperative Ultrasound in Parenchymal Sparing Renal Surgery

AbstractA renal parenchymal sparing surgical approach may be recommended in select patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease and renal cancer or in those with sporadic renal cancer and limited normal renal function. We performed 27 partial nephrectomies or enucleations in 17 patients with the use of intraoperative ultrasound to examine a subset of all renal lesions identified on preoperative examination.Of 24 lesions deep in the renal parenchyma that were examined, localized or identified with intraoperative ultrasound 18 were characterized as cystic and 6 as solid. The deep cystic lesions were characterized with ultrasound as benign simple cysts. Intraoperative ultrasound was used to locate and mark the line of incision over 2 impalpable solid renal cell carcinomas. Four solid renal cell tumors extended deep into the renal parenchyma where color Doppler intraoperative ultrasound helped to define the plane of dissection adjacent to vital vascular structures. Renal hypothermia was not used in 3 renal operati...
A compact triple wideband LTE/WWAN/GPS/GLONASS MIMO antenna for tablet computers

With the increasing demand of wireless applications, multiband antenna systems with LTE (Long Term Evolution)/wireless WWAN (Wide Area Network)/Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) operations are required to simultaneously cover multiple communication standards including LTE700 (698– 798 MHz), GSM850/900 (824–894/880–960 MHz), DCS (1710–1880 MHz), PCS (1850–1990 MHz), UMTS (1920–2170 MHz), LTE2300/2500 (2300–2400 MHz), WLAN2400 (2400–2480 MHz), LTE 2500 (2500–2690), WiMAX (3400–3600 MHz), LTE3400 (3400–3800 MHz), and 5.8 GHz WLAN (5725 ∼ 5875 MHz) operations. The design requirement of small-size, compact, and low profile antennas with multiband operations presents a great challenge for antenna designers.
Steady-Pace vs. Variable Speed in High School 220-Yard Run

Abstract Freshman high school boys were given three weeks of group practice in their physical education class, in running 80 and 160 yd. at a steady pace. A timing gong was sounded at the instant the runner was supposed to be crossing each of a series of 20-yd. marks. During the third week, individual time trials were made in a 220-yd. run without the gong. Two runs were of the steady-pace pattern and a third was made at “all-out” speed throughout to secure a variable-pace high-decrement pattern. Time trials were repeated during a fourth week. The steady-pace run average 0.6 sec. faster (t = 3.85) than the all-out run, and the boys reported less fatigue.
An estimation method of the fault wind turbine power generation loss based on correlation analysis

A method for estimating the power generation loss of a fault wind turbine is proposed in this paper. In this method, the wind speed is estimated and the estimated value of the loss of power generation is given by combining the actual output power characteristic curve of the wind turbine. In the wind speed estimation, the correlation analysis is used, and the normal operation of the wind speed of the fault wind turbine is selected, and the regression analysis method is used to obtain the estimated value of the wind speed. Based on the estimation method, this paper presents an implementation of the method in the monitoring system of the wind turbine, and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Extrapolations of lattice meson form factors

We use chiral perturbation theory to study the extrapolations necessary to make physical predictions from lattice QCD data for the electromagnetic form factors of pseudoscalar mesons. We focus on the quark mass, momentum, lattice spacing, and volume dependence and apply our results to simulations employing mixed actions of Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks and staggered sea quarks. To determine charge radii at quark masses on the lattices currently used, we find that all extrapolations except the one to infinite volume make significant contributions to the systematic error.
Moral Communities and Sex: The Religious Influence on Young Adult Sexual Behavior and Regret:

Research indicates that religiosity inhibits adolescent and young adult sexual behavior, but few studies examine how religious contexts may shape sexual behavior. When religious contexts are considered, studies rarely test multiple spheres of religious influence simultaneously. Moreover, little research examines how either individual religiosity or religious contexts shape emotional responses to sex. We analyze nationally representative, longitudinal data that allow for concurrent examination of multiple religious contexts and several measures of young adult sexual behaviors and sexual regret. The influence of religiosity on sexual behavior and regret varies within and across both the spheres and outcomes tested. Individual religious salience and close ties with parents are the most consistent deterrents to initiation of sexual intercourse and having numerous intercourse partners. Closeness to parents and participation in religious activities are associated with lower odds of sexual regret, but ties to ad...
The Three-Layer Problem for Sediment on the Oceanic Crust

The propagation of electromagnetic waves along the boundary between two different media like sea water and air or sea water and rock when the exciting source is a horizontal antenna in the sea close to that boundary involves a surface wave of the lateral-wave type. When the boundary also includes a layer of a third material with intermediate properties such as ice between the air and the sea in the Arctic or sediment on the sea floor, the electromagnetic waves excited by the same horizontal antenna—now in the sea just below the ice or just above the sediment—are in general much more complicated. If the intermediate layer has only small losses as in the case of fairly pure ice, so-called “trapped” waves of both TE and TM types can propagate in it. The number of possible propagating modes depends on the electrical thickness of the ice. In addition, a lateral wave will travel in the ice if this is sufficiently thick. Alternatively, if it is electrically relatively thin, the lateral wave may traverse the ice almost vertically and propagate in the air along the air-ice boundary. If the layer is quite lossy and electrically not too thick, as in the case of sediment on the sea floor, propagating “trapped” modes are rapidly attenuated. In this case, the field beyond their range is dominated by the lateral wave that travels through the sediment, then along the sediment-rock boundary in the rock, and finally back through the sediment to a point of observation in the sea close to the sea floor.
Role of Intraoperative Completion Duplex Scan for Diagnosis of Iatrogenic Injuries of the Common Femoral Artery (CFA) and External Iliac Artery (EIA) during Endograft Placement

ObjectiveTo assess whether the femoral artery entry site could cause early endograft limb occlusion complication, we prospectively evaluated the ipsilateral common femoral artery (CFA) with intraop...
Plantae Austro-Americanae.- I: Novae notiones conjunctionesque generis Herrania

It has been found advisable to publish the following new combinations and concepts as a result of revisionary studies in the stercuIiaceous genus Herrania.
To What Extent Does Socioeconomic Status Lead People to Retire Too Soon

Working longer is a powerful lever to enhance retirement security. Individuals should be able to extend the number of years they work because, on average, they are healthier, live longer, and face less physically demanding jobs. But averages are misleading when discrepancies in health, job prospects, and life expectancy have widened between individuals with low and high socioeconomic status (SES). To understand the extent of disparities across SES groups, the authors use data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to identify the retirement gap—the difference between how much longer each household would need to work to maintain their preretirement standard of living and their planned retirement age. The analysis shows that households in lower-SES quartiles have larger retirement gaps than their higher-SES counterparts, even after controlling for household characteristics and late-career shocks. This same group has seen little improvement in health and life expectancy and faces poor job prospects. In short, retirement shortfalls for the most vulnerable may not be able to be bridged by working longer, and other solutions will be needed.
Humeral Shaft Fracture

Humeral shaft fractures affect both young and old patients alike through high and low energy mechanisms respectively. Understanding fracture patterns and obtaining an accurate physical exam are key in dictating treatment.