cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Ridge Preservation at the Time of Tooth Extraction Improve Soft Tissue Volume and/or Implant Esthetics? A Review of Current Evidence

Focused Clinical Question In patients with a hopeless tooth who receive dental implant therapy for tooth replacement, does extraction socket bone grafting, ridge preservation, or socket conversion at the time of tooth extraction result in improved gingival contours and/or peri-implant esthetics? Clinical Scenario A 54-year-old male presents for extraction of a restoratively hopeless tooth #10 (Figs. 1 and 2). He is systemically healthy and has no contraindications to routine dental care. He is interested in tooth replacement with an implant and has high esthetic demands. He asks whether there is a treatment sequence that will improve the quality and/or quantity of gingiva at the future implant site. After explanation, he opts for a delayed treatment approach with extraction and ridge preservation at tooth site #10 (Fig. 3). After initial healing, the local volume of keratinized gingiva at the site of future implant placement was adequate and the patient was satisfied with the final implant esthetic outcome after two years in function (Figs. 4 and 5).
Effects of 2-Hydroxyestradiol on the Number of Granulosa Cell β-Adrenergic Receptors

Recent studies have shown that 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2) synthesized locally from estradiol (E2) stimulates progesterone production by granulosa cells (GC) and enhances the action of other trophic hormones. A particularly strong synergistic interaction between 2-OH-E2 and beta-adrenergic agonists was observed. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to determine if this synergism was due to a 2-OH-E2-stimulated increase in the number of beta-adrenergic binding sites in GC. Binding of the 125I-labeled beta-adrenergic ligand iodocyanopindolol ([125I]iodo-CYP) to GC was evaluated and was found to be saturable with time and ligand concentration, and of high affinity (Kd = 29 +/- 8 pM; maximum binding = 0.55 +/- 0.02 fmol/10(6) cells). Rank order potency for agonist/antagonist binding was consistent with a beta-adrenergic receptor: propranolol greater than isoproterenol greater than norepinephrine. 2-OH-E2 did not compete for the [125I]iodo-CYP-binding sites. Incubation of cultured porcine GC with 2-OH-E2 caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in the number of specific [125I]iodo-CYP-binding sites. Averaged over eight separate experiments, 4-day treatment with 4 micrograms/ml 2-OH-E2 increased the number of [125I]iodo-CYP-binding sites 3.1 +/- 0.9-fold above the control value (P less than 0.05). A similar 4-day treatment with 2 micrograms/ml E2 or 200 ng/ml LH or FSH was without effect on [125I]iodo-CYP binding (P greater than 0.05) despite stimulation of progesterone secretion to a degree similar to that seen with 2-OH-E2. These results support the hypothesis that 2-OH-E2 produced by GC may enhance progesterone production stimulated by catecholamines, in part by increasing the numbers of beta-adrenergic binding sites on GC.
Lens Capsule Basement Membrane Synthesis: Stimulation by Glucose In Vitro

To examine the question of whether hyperglycemia per se can affect basement membrane synthesis, intact rat lenses, which produce basement membrane in vitro, were incubated for 24 h with radioactive proline or lysine and varying concentrations of glucose. Lens capsule basement membrane (LCBM) was subsequently purified and analyzed for radiolabel incorporation and for specific activities of proline, hydroxyproline, lysine, and hydroxylysine. [ 14 C]-proline and lysine incorporation into LCBM was increasingly stimulated in incubations performed with 10 and 20 mM compared with 5 mM glucose. High glucose concentration increased the specific activity of proline and lysine but not hydroxyproline or hydroxylysine, and decreased the ratio of radioactive hydroxyproline to proline. Gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled LCBM prepared after high glucose incubation revealed increased radioactivity in several high-molecular-weight components corresponding with the major Coomassie-blue peptide bands. The results indicate that glucose stimulates LCBM synthesis, and suggest that this effect derives from increased production of noncollagenous components.
Effects of Lewis acids and bases on the carbotitanation of unsaturated hydrocarbons and ketones with η3-allyl(di-η5-cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III)

Abstract The carbotitanating action of η3-allyl(di-η5-cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) toward ethylene and other unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as trimethyl(phenylethynyl)silane, and toward ketones has been shown to be promoted by Lewis acids strong enough to polarize the carbon-titanium bond, yet not so strong as to exchange the carbon group for halogen. Of the trio of acids, Me3Al, Me2AlCl and MeAlCl2, only Me2AlCl is able to activate the carbon-titanium bond and thus to promote the polymerization of ethylene and the carbotitanation of the phenylethynylsilane. Evidence is adduced that the activated reagent in both reactions is the complex, Cp2Ti(allyl)-Me2AlCl. By contrast, the carbotitanating activity of this complex is completely destroyed by addition of a Lewis base, such as THF. Towards ketones, the Cp2Ti(allyl) reagent can behave either as a carbotitanating agent or as a reducing agent. Which of these reactions is favored again depends upon the presence or absence of Lewis acids and bases. With Lewis acids or in non-donor solvents the Cp2Ti(allyl) reagent effects the addition of the allyl-titanium bond to the carbonyl group. On the other hand, in the presence of Lewis bases, such as THF, Cp2Ti(allyl) causes the bimolecular reduction or monomolecular reduction of the ketone to yield the glycol or secondary alcohol. The significance of these results to polymerization mechanisms and to organic synthetic applications is briefly discussed.
Comment on "Monte carlo study of structural ordering in charged colloids using a long-range attractive interaction"

A recent theoretical analysis [B. V. R. Tata and N. Ise, Phys. Rev. E 58, 2237 (1998)] of interactions and phase transitions in charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions made reference to our previously published measurements [J. C. Crocker and D. G. Grier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 352 (1994); 77, 1897 (1996); A. E. Larson and D. G. Grier, Nature (London) 385, 230 (1997)] of colloidal interactions. Tata and Ise claim that our measurements cannot distinguish between predictions of the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory and those of the competing theory due to Sogami and Ise (SI). We demonstrate that the DLVO theory accurately describes the measured interactions between isolated pairs of like-charged spheres, while the SI theory fails both quantitatively and qualitatively to describe our data.
Rational speculative bubbles in the US stock market and political cycles

Abstract This paper tests the existence of rational speculative bubbles during Democratic and Republican presidential terms, which has not been systematically researched in existing studies. With monthly real returns on equally-weighted and value-weighted portfolios in the U.S. from January 1927 to December 2012, we find that there are rational speculative bubbles under Republican Presidents but not under Democratic Presidents. Our results are robust to different specifications.
What are the implications for teaching? An analysis of how educational implications are represented in engineering education

The objective of this work is to explore how implications for educational practice are represented in the scholarly literature of engineering education. This work is motivated by the increasing urgency to understand how research can be used to transform educational practice. Because scholarly writing (such as conference papers and journal articles) represents one place where researchers articulate ideas about how their research can be used (i.e., educational implications), an analysis of how such implications are represented can provide insight into ideas about the uses we imagine for our research. Once we have characterized the vision of use, we can step back and think about whether the collective vision we present may provide clues to the more general issue of transforming education.
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia complicated by severe cytophagocytosis of formed blood elements by nonmalignant histiocytes: Cause of significant clinical morbidity

A 52-year-old female presented with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and a morphologically benign-appearing histiocytosis with intramedullary cytophagocytosis of formed blood elements. No cause of the reactive histiocytosis could be found. Despite initial successful therapy of the acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with induction of a cytological remission, pancytopenia with marked cytophagocytosis persisted. Therapy aimed at reducing the degree of cytophagocytosis by the histiocytes, in the form of vinblastine-treated platelets and, subsequently, prednisone, was instituted. There was no significant clinical response to either therapeutic maneuver. Cytophagocytosis persisted until leukemic relapse and death ensued.
Earthquake lights and the stress-activation of positive hole charge carriers in rocks

Abstract Earthquake-related luminous phenomena (also known as earthquake lights) may arise from (1) the stress-activation of positive hole (p-hole) charge carriers in igneous rocks and (2) the accumulation of high charge carrier concentrations at asperities in the crust where the stress rates increase very rapidly as an earthquake approaches. It is proposed that, when a critical charge carrier concentration is reached, the p-holes form a degenerated solid state plasma that can break out of the confined rock volume and propagate as a rapidly expanding charge cloud. Upon reaching the surface the charge cloud causes dielectric breakdown at the air–rock interface, i.e. corona discharges, accompanied by the emission of light and high frequency electromagnetic radiation.
Hyponatremia and seizures after intravenous administration of desmopressin acetate for surgical hemostasis.

1. Rudolph AM. Congenital diseases of the heart. Chicago: Year Book, 1974:412-28. 2. Taussig HB. General considerations, vol I. In: Congenital malformations of the heart. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1960:170-1. 3. Cumming GR, Carr W. Relief of dyspnoeic attacks in Fallot's tetralogy with propranolol. Lancet 1966;1:519-22. 4. Nudel DB, Berman MA, Talner NS. Effects of acutely increasing systemic vascular resistance on oxygen tension in tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatrics 1976;58:248-51. 5. Stoelting RK. Pharmacology and physiology in anesthetic practice. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1987:264-5. 6. Strong M J, Keats AS, Cooley DA. Arterial gas tensions under anaesthesia in tetralogy of Fallot. Br J Anaesth 1967; 39:472-9. '7. Hickey PR, Hansen DD, Cramolini GM, Vincent RN, Lang, P. Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamie responses to ketamine in infants with normal and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Anesthesiology 1985;62:287-93. 8. Hickey PR, Hansen DD, Wessel DL, Lang P, Jonas RA. Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic responses to fentanyl in infants. Anesth Analg 1985;64:483-6 9. Hickey PR, Hansen DD, Stratford M, Thompson JE, Jonas RA, Mayer JE. Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic effects of nitrous oxide in infants with normal and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Anesthesiology 1986;65: 374-8. 10. Gillette PC, Garson A Jr. Pediatric cardiac dysrhythmias. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1981:206.
Gadolinium-enhanced 3D MRA prior to isolated hepatic perfusion for metastases

PURPOSE Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) is a new treatment for patients with isolated unresectable liver metastases, which can result in a partial or complete response in approximately 75% of patients. Preoperative knowledge of hepatic arterial anatomy is important to adequately perfuse the liver. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is currently used to identify the hepatic arterial anatomy. The purpose of this study was to determine if MR angiography (MRA) could replace DSA prior to IHP. METHOD Twenty-seven patients scheduled to undergo IHP underwent MRA with a contrast-enhanced 3D time-of-flight gradient echo sequence. Both maximal intensity projections (MIPs) and source coronal images were used to evaluate the images. The results of the MRA were interpreted by two readers who were blinded to the surgical results. The first 17 patients also underwent DSA, and a separate comparison was made with those results. Anatomy was characterized as either normal hepatic arteries (NHAs), normal vasculature with an accessory left hepatic artery (aLHA), or a replaced right hepatic artery (rRHA). RESULTS MRA correctly detected all 22 patients with NHAs but also identified 6 aLHAs, of which only 2 were confirmed surgically. MRA correctly detected all five rRHAs. MIP images alone accurately depicted the hepatic arterial anatomy in only 9 of 27 (33%), usually because significant vessels were not visualized or their origin could not be determined. Source coronal images were required to accurately determine the anatomy in all patients. Among the 17 patients who underwent DSA, MRA detected 14 of 14 with NHA and 3 of 3 with rRHA. Six aLHAs were identified by MRA and five were confirmed by DSA. CONCLUSION Enhanced 3D MRA is an accurate method of depicting the hepatic arterial supply. In comparison to surgery, MRA overestimates the number of aLHAs, but this may be because these small vessels are not detected at surgery. Based on the results of this study, DSA has been replaced by MRA in the planning of IHP at our institution. A better display of MRA images is needed as MIP images were usually insensitive for the small caliber arteries supplying the liver.
Sampling-Based Path Planning for a Visual Reconnaissance Unmanned Air Vehicle

Nomenclature jAj = cardinality of a set A A , A, @A = interior, closure, and boundary of a set A, respectively C = cost of an aircraft reconnaissance tour , m d x;x0 = length of shortest aircraft path from state x to state x0, m nsamples = actual number of samples to build a roadmap nsamples = estimated number of samples to build a roadmap rmin = Dubins aircraft minimum turn radius R = s-dimensional Euclidean space S = circle parameterized by angle radians ranging from 0 to 2 SE(2) = special Euclidean group R S T = set fT 1; T 2; . . . ; T ng of n targets to be photographed by aircraft V T i = visibility region of ith target Va = Dubins aircraft airspeed X = aircraft state space x = aircraft state vector x; y = Dubins aircraft Earth-fixed Cartesian coordinates, m = parameter controls ratio of translational vs rotational density of roadmap = Dubins aircraft azimuth angle, rad 2 = set of all subsets of a set A
Sources of Parenting Information in Low SES Mothers

This study examined 3 questions: (1) What are sources from which low socioeconomic status (SES) mothers of newborns receive parenting information? (2) To what extent are sociodemographic characteristics associated with sources? (3) To what extent are sources associated with intentions regarding activities with infants? In this cross-sectional analysis, mothers were interviewed during the postpartum period about potential sources of information about parenting and asked if and when they planned to initiate shared reading and television exposure during infancy. Maternal high school graduation, US birth, non-Latina ethnicity, language English, higher SES, and firstborn child were each associated with one or more categories representing important sources of parenting information. In adjusted analyses, print, physicians and other health care professionals, and family/friends as important sources of information were each significantly associated with increased frequency of intention to begin shared reading in infancy; television as an important source was associated with intention to begin television in infancy.
Transcatheter Angioplasty for Acquired Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Radiofrequency Ablation

Background— Pulmonary vein stenosis has recently been recognized as a complication of radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. This study evaluates the presentation of affected patients and...
Adaptive Behavior and Low Incidence Handicaps Use of Adaptive Behavior Instruments for Persons with Physical Handicaps

Individuals who have physical impairments are a very heterogeneous group. Teachers and other direct care personnel of the physically handicapped have traditionally received medical diagnoses and medical information with very few educational and/or treatment implications. The use of adaptive behavior scales with the physically handicapped offers a functional assessment tool that can be directly applied to individual treatment plans. This article examines problems in the traditional assessment procedures used with the physically handicapped and discusses the use of adaptive behavior scales with emphasis on application of the results through a multidisciplinary approach. Selected adaptive behavior scales are described, and guidelines for test administration with the physically handicapped are suggested.
Song overproduction, selective attrition and song dialects in the white-crowned sparrow.

Male Puget Sound white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis, form large vocal dialects along the Pacific northwest coast of North America. Most adult males sing a single song dialect throughout their lives. To determine how dialects are maintained in this species, I studied two populations at the Columbia River mouth in a contact zone between two dialects. Singers of each of the two dialects clustered together in space, forming local song ‘neighbourhoods’. Two hypotheses for the maintenance of dialects were tested. The late acquisition hypothesis predicts that yearling or adult male immigrants memorize their song from the territory neighbours they settle next to. The selective attrition hypothesis predicts that males memorize a variety of dialects early in life, overproduce song dialects upon arrival, and later selectively retain the one prelearned dialect that best matches what their neighbours sing. In 1997 and 1998, 35–40% of new territory occupants sang two dialects upon arrival in April, and then over the course of days to several weeks, discarded one dialect from their repertoire. Fourteen of 16 (88%) kept as their adult song the dialect that matched the dialect sung by the majority of their neighbours. No male added a new dialect to his repertoire after arrival, nor did males alter their retained dialect to more closely resemble their neighbours' songs. New arrivals that overproduced dialects upon arrival were significantly more likely to match their neighbours' dialect than males that did not overproduce upon arrival. In a playback experiment, males in the overproduction stage engaged in matched countersinging to the dialect played to them. These observations and the experiment support the selective attrition hypothesis: males visit and memorize a variety of dialects, probably in their hatching-year summer, overproduce dialects upon arrival the next spring, and then selectively retain the one dialect that matches the local song culture. Vocal plasticity late in life is not the result of a late sensitive phase for song memorization, but rather results from behavioural selection operating on a pre-existing repertoire of song dialects.
A dual extremum principle in thermodynamics

Phase equilibria of multicomponent mixtures are considered and a reinterpretation of the Gibbs tangent plane stability criterion is proposed via Lagrangian duality. The starting point is the natural primal problem of minimizing the Gibbs free energy subject to material balance. The stable phase split is the solution of the corresponding dual problem, providing a necessary and sufficient dual extremum principle. Only in the absence of duality gap is the physical phase split also the solution of the primal problem. The only requirements are continuity of the Gibbs free energy and the trivial requirement that each species is present in the overall composition. The number of phases is permitted to be infinite, and does not need to be known a priori. No assumption is made on the presence of all species in all phases. Case studies are presented based on the NRTL and UNIQUAC activity coefficient model. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Medical countermeasures against nuclear threats: radionuclide decorporation agents.

Abstract Cassatt, D. R., Kaminski, J. M., Hatchett, R. J., DiCarlo, A. L., Benjamin, J. M. and Maidment, B. W. Medical Countermeasures against Nuclear Threats: Radionuclide Decorporation Agents. Radiat. Res. 170, 540–548 (2008). Exposure to radionuclides disseminated by a radiological dispersion device or deposited as fallout after a nuclear power plant accident or detonation of an improvised nuclear device could result in internal contamination of a significant number of individuals. Internalized radionuclides may cause both acute and chronic radiation injury and increase an individual's risk of developing cancer. This damage and risk can be mitigated by the use of decorporation agents that reduce internal contamination. Unfortunately, most effective agents decorporate only a limited range of radionuclides, and some are formulated in ways that would make administration in mass casualty situations challenging. There is a need for new radionuclide decorporation agents, reformulations of existing agents, an...
Security considerations for active messages

Messages are generally regarded as passive since they merely act as a conveyance for information. An active message triggers processing activities at each of its recipients. A discussion is provided on the different classes of processing activities that can occur for active messages. A mechanism for ensuring the security of an active message and its associated processing operations is also outlined.
Feature importance analysis for patient management decisions.

The objective of this paper is to understand what characteristics and features of clinical data influence physician’s decision about ordering laboratory tests or prescribing medications the most. We conduct our analysis on data and decisions extracted from electronic health records of 4486 post-surgical cardiac patients. The summary statistics for 335 different lab order decisions and 407 medication decisions are reported. We show that in many cases, physician’s lab-order and medication decisions are predicted well by simple patterns such as last value of a single test result, time since a certain lab test was ordered or time since certain procedure was executed.
Effects of Prepartum Diet, Inert Rumen Bulk, and Dietary Polyethylene Glycol on Dry Matter Intake of Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Effects of prepartum energy intake, replacement of 25% of reticulorumen contents with water-filled bladders, and feeding of polyethylene glycol on DM intake during lactation were assessed in two trials. In trial 1, six rumen-cannulated cows were assigned to diets of either 1.50 or 1.68 Mcal NE L /kg 70 d prepartum. Animals fed the higher energy diet had greater NE L intake and tended to gain more BW prepartum. Intake from 28 to 70 d postpartum was not affected by prepartum diet but was reduced by 24.2L of bladders placed in the rumen. Milk production tended to be increased for cows fed high energy prepartum and to be reduced by bladders. Total reticulorumen volume, digesta fractional passage rates, and acetate:propionate ratio were increased by bladders. In trial 2, eight rumen-cannulated cows, 28 d postpartum, received polyethylene glycol, 4% of diet DM, and 21.4L of bladders in the rumen in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Polyethylene glycol did not affect DM intake but reduced DM, CP, ADF, and NDF digestibilities. Bladders increased total reticulorumen volume, rumen fluid pH, and acetate:propionate ratio but decreased DM intake. Intake of DM was reduced .099 kg/L added bulk in trial 1 and .130 kg/L in trial 2. Compensation for replacement of rumen contents with inert bulk occurred by expansion of organ volume and, in trial 1, by a reduction in rumen retention time. These factors may explain why reductions in voluntary intake after addition of inert bulk to the reticulomen often are proportionally lower than would be predicted from the volume of bulk added.
Crystallographic snapshots of a replicative DNA polymerase encountering an abasic site

Abasic sites are common DNA lesions, which are strong blocks to replicative polymerases and are potentially mutagenic when bypassed. We report here the 2.8 A structure of the bacteriophage RB69 replicative DNA polymerase attempting to process an abasic site analog. Four different complexes were captured in the crystal asymmetric unit: two have DNA in the polymerase active site whereas the other two molecules are in the exonuclease mode. When compared to complexes with undamaged DNA, the DNA surrounding the abasic site reveals distinct changes suggesting why the lesion is so poorly bypassed: the DNA in the polymerase active site has not translocated and is therefore stalled, precluding extension. All four molecules exhibit conformations that differ from the previously published structures. The polymerase incorporates dAMP across the lesion under crystallization conditions, indicating that the different conformations observed in the crystal may be part of the active site switching reaction pathway.
An exploratory study of users’ evaluations of the accuracy and fidelity of a three-dimensional garment simulation

Garment simulation technology is expected to help reduce consumers’ apparel fit dissatisfaction in online shopping. However, the simulated garments must be accurate representations of real garments...
Estimation of snow water equivalence with two Ku-band dual polarization radar

Snow water equivalence is an important parameter for studies of the natural sciences, particularly in hydrology and climatology. This study demonstrates a concept of estimating snow water equivalence under the consideration of a dual frequency Ku band (13.4 GHz and 17 GHz) and a dual polarization system
A heterocyclic-substituted sulfone with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Summaryp- (2,4-Diamino-s-triazinyl−6) -aminophenyl p'-aminophenyl sulfone has been synthesized and shown to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis and E. coli in vitro at a concentration of 1.2 × 10-4 moles per liter, the inhibition being reversed by p-aminobenzoic acid.
Regression tree approach to studying factors influencing acoustic voice analysis.

Multiple factors influence voice quality measurements (VQM) obtained during an acoustic voice assessment including: gender, intrasubject variability, microphone, environmental noise (type and level),
Effects of Methylphenidate on Hyperactive Children's Ability to Sustain Attention

The purposes of this study were to investigate the attentional characteristics of hyperactive children, the relationship of subjective and objective measures of these characteristics, and the effects of methylphenidate on these measures of attention. Forty-five hyperactive children, ages 6 to 10 years, were entered into an 18-week study of the effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on attention. Measures included rating scales completed by teachers and parents and a vigilance task. All measures reflected significant changes during the period of investigation. Attention and behavior were significantly improved under drug conditions and significantly worsened when methylphenidate was discontinued. However, only performance on the objective measure returned to predrug levels; final off-drug parent and teacher ratings remained improved over initial reports. Parent ratings of behavior, and specifically of children's ability to attend, were unrelated to equivalent teacher ratings. Teachers' ratings of attention correlated significantly with performance on the vigilance task, discriminated between on-drug and off-drug conditions, and discriminated between children who obtained normal or near normal predrug scores on the objective measure and those who performed poorly on this measure. Methylphenidate improved attentional performance for children who had poor predrug scores on the vigilance task, but did not produce a statistically significant change on the scores of children with normal predrug performance.
Postsurgical chronic pain: A model for investigating the origins of chronic pain

Abstract Chronic pain is a problem following certain surgeries. We present a model that may facilitate the investigation of the etiology of chronic pain after surgery and hope that the use of this model can further the understanding of the causes of chronic pain in general. This model incorporates physiologic and psychologic factors. Additionally, it accounts for the extent of the response to the acute injury.
Bioengineering Angiogenesis: Novel Approaches to Stimulating Microvessel Growth and Remodeling

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from existing blood vessels, and arteriogenesis, the formation and expansion of arterioles and arteries, are closely related processes that directly impact countless physiological and pathological conditions. Because of their ubiquitous nature, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis offer a number of unique challenges for the future of health care, with perhaps the most visible challenge stemming from the fact that tumors utilize angiogenesis to facilitate both the growth and metastasis of cancer. However, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis also offer exciting therapeutic opportunities, and the development of novel methods for mobilizing our natural capacity to grow and remodel the microvasculature will ultimately have a tremendous impact on medicine in the future. Neovascularization therapy will have a significant bearing on the success of tissue engineering and on our ability to restore blood flow to tissues and organs affected by occlusive vascular disease, particularly for those patients that are not amenable to surgical revascularization. Although neovascularization therapy retains great promise for these applications, it is also clear that new insights will be required to bring these approaches to broad clinical usage. To date, in contrast to numerous animal studies, clinical trials for angiogenesis therapy based on growth factor protein and gene delivery have yielded mixed results at best. These
Cytokine treatment increases arginine metabolism and uptake in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells.

l-Arginine (l-Arg) is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase (NOS) or to urea by arginase (AR). l-Arg is transported into bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAECs) by cationic a...
Handbook of Urban Insects and Arachnids

Part I. Urban Entomology: 1. Introduction 2. Urban ecosystem 3. Pest status and control Part II. Insects in the Urban Environment: 4. Blattaria 5. Coleoptera 6. Collembola, Dermaptera 7. Diptera, Ephemeroptera 8. Hemiptera, Homoptera 9. Hymenoptera 10. Isoptera 11. Lepidoptera 12. Mantodea, Neuroptera 13. Orthptera, Phasmatodea 14. Phthiraptera 15. Plecoptera, Psocoptera 16. Siphonaptera 17. Thysanoptera, Thysanura, Trichoptera Part III. Other Arthropods in the Urban Environment: 18. Arthropods.
How Dallas became frack free: hydrocarbon governance under neoliberalism

Local-scale government ordinances that attempt to delay or displace oil and gas drilling in their territories are common in regions with hydrocarbon extraction activities. Drawing on literature fro...
Formicidae Associated with the Tuliptree Scale

Several species of ants have been observed associated with the tuliptree scale Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin), although there is no record of it in the literature. The scale is one of the few important insects attacking the tuliptree ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.), which is a valuable forest hardwood in the Central States area. Herrick (1935) lists 7 species and Craighead (1950) lists 16 species of insects attacking tuliptree in various degrees.
Abstract 691: Activity of the BET inhibitor INCB054329 in models of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of plasma cell transformation. Current therapy for MM is initially effective, but nearly all tumors relapse, making new therapeutic options a necessity. Due to their efficacy in MM models, small molecule inhibitors of Bromodomain and Extra Terminal (BET) proteins have generated much interest as potential therapeutic agents for MM. Efficacy from BET inhibitors in MM is thought to be driven by their ability to reduce transcript levels of the c-myc oncogene. Current MM standard of care (SoC) therapeutics include lenalidomide (Revlimid, Celgene), bortezomib (Velcade, Takeda), and Melphalan (Alkeran, GlaxoSmithKline). In preparation for potential clinical studies, these MM SoC agents were each combined with a potent pan-BET inhibitor, INCB054329, for in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro, treatment of MM cell lines with INCB054329 inhibited expression of c-MYC, induced HEXIM1 levels and inhibited cell growth with potencies less than 200 nM. Combination of INCB054329 with SoC therapeutics showed synergistic effects in blocking MM cell proliferation. INA-6 and MM1.S mouse xenograft models of MM were utilized to study the effects of the combination of INCB054329 with the MM SoC agents in vivo. In each instance (INCB054329/lenalidomide, INCB054329/bortezomib, INCB054329/melphalan), additive to synergistic effects, as measured by inhibition of subcutaneous tumor growth, were seen in both models of MM. Since lenalidomide has recently been shown to bind the ubiquitin ligase cereblon (CRBN), leading to the degradation of two Ikaros family members, IKZF1 and IKZF3, that are essential to B cell fate and survival, we examined whether there could be functional overlap between BET inhibition and the downstream effects of lenalidomide. From MM1.S xenograft pharmacodynamic assays, we found a synergistic repression of c-MYC protein levels at 3hr post dose for the combination of INCB054329 and lenalidomide. Interestingly, the sharp decline in c-MYC protein levels in the MM1.S model appears to be independent of the IRF4 pathway, as IRF4 protein levels do not decrease until 24 hrs post dose of lenalidomide. Overall, our data indicate that INCB054329 may provide a novel combination partner with current standard of care therapies for MM, and support the clinical evaluation of the compound within the anti-myeloma treatment landscape. Citation Format: Matthew Stubbs, Xiaoming Wen, Valerie Dostalik, Sybil O9Connor, Eian Caulder, Alla Vogina, Thomas Maduskuie, Richard Sparks, Taisheng Huang, Nikoo Falahatpisheh, Padmaja Polam, Chu-Biao Xue, Xuesong M. Liu, Timothy Burn, Kris Vaddi, Andrew P. Combs, Reid Huber, Gregory Hollis, Peggy Scherle, Phillip CC Liu. Activity of the BET inhibitor INCB054329 in models of multiple myeloma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 691. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-691
Measuring Housing Affordability in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region

This paper develops a novel measure of affordability for the Sao Paulo metropolitan region that combines housing costs and transportation costs, including opportunity cost associated with commuting time. We also contribute to existing measures of housing affordability in Brazil by imputing housing costs for owners using the owner equivalent rent approach. Our measure enables us to track the evolution of affordability over the period 2007-2013 using PNAD microdata. The results indicate that the number of households spending more than 30 percent of their income on housing or 45 percent or more on housing and transportation costs combined has been increasing rapidly over that period. This measure of affordability can be integrated to a broader measure of housing needs to guide housing policy in addressing housing conditions that have negative effects on individual and social welfare.
Network structural features affect stability of Calvin Bassham Benson (CBB) pathway in plants

The stability of the Calvin Bassham Benson cycle remains an area of active computational research. The potential impacts on our understanding of biology and the prospect for bioengineered plants with higher productivity may both be impacted by a greater understanding of this area. Here we use the ensemble modelling robustness analysis (EMRA) framework to show that the action of the phosphate/G3P antiporter is much more significant for maintenance of stability of a recently proposed G6P shunt. Additionally, we interpret recent results suggesting that overexpression of RuBiSCO does not improve growth rate of plants but overexpression of SBPase does. Our simulations reproduce this result, but only in models which do not include the G6P shunt. Taken together, these results may suggest a situational role for the G6P shunt, possibly in dynamic situations under starvation or other stress conditions.
Emerging Roles for CSF-1 Receptor and its Ligands in the Nervous System

The colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) kinase regulates tissue macrophage homeostasis, osteoclastogenesis, and Paneth cell development. However, recent studies in mice have revealed that CSF-1R signaling directly controls the development and maintenance of microglia, and cell autonomously regulates neuronal differentiation and survival. While the CSF-1R-cognate ligands, CSF-1 and interleukin-34 (IL-34) compete for binding to the CSF-1R, they are expressed in a largely non-overlapping manner by mature neurons. The recent identification of a dominantly inherited, adult-onset, progressive dementia associated with inactivating mutations in the CSF-1R highlights the importance of CSF-1R signaling in the brain. We review the roles of the CSF-1R and its ligands in microglial and neural development and function, and their relevance to our understanding of neurodegenerative disease.
Endogenous retroviruses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Avindra Nath speaks to Elena Conroy, Commissioning Editor: Avindra Nath received his MD degree from Christian Medical College in India in 1981 and completed a residency in neurology from University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston (TX, USA), followed by a fellowship in multiple sclerosis and neurovirology at the same institution and then a fellowship in neuro-AIDS at National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. He held faculty positions at the University of Manitoba (1990–1997) (Canada) and the University of Kentucky (1997–2002) (USA). In 2002, he joined Johns Hopkins University (MD, USA) as Professor of Neurology and Director of the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections. He joined NIH in 2011 as the Clinical Director of National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the Director of the Translational Neuroscience Center and Chief of the Section of Infections of the Nervous System. His research focuses on understanding the pathophysiology of retroviral infec...
Risk factors for probable REM sleep behavior disorder: A community-based study.

Objective: To examine risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in a large-scale community-based study. Methods: This community-based study included 12,784 Chinese adults (10,556 men and 2,228 women, aged 24 years or older) who were free of Parkinson disease and dementia in 2012. Probable RBD (pRBD) status was determined by a validated questionnaire (Chinese RBD questionnaire–Hong Kong) in 2012. Potential risk factors—including age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, physical activity, obesity, consumption of tea (surrogate for caffeine intake) and alcohol, serum concentrations of lipids and glucose, and chronic disease status—were assessed in 2006. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals and to test differences in prevalence of pRBD across exposures. Results: Prevalence of pRBD was 5.9% in men and 4.1% in women. In the fully adjusted model, risk factors that were significantly associated with a higher risk of having pRBD included lower education level, coal mining and other blue collar occupation, lower physical activity level, diabetes or prediabetes, lower body mass index, head injury, higher low-density lipoprotein level, and chronic olfactory and taste dysfunction. In sensitivity analyses, restricting to pRBD cases with symptom onset within 1 year or excluding coal miners or those with history of head injury generated similar results. Conclusion: We found several potential risk factors for pRBD, including socioeconomic status, head injury, olfactory and taste dysfunction, and various cardiovascular risk factors. Future prospective studies to establish the temporal relationship between these potential risk factors and RBD are warranted.
Study on the changes of IFN-γ?TNF-α and IL- 6 in the children with cerebral palsy

Objective:To investigate the role of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)?tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6) in children with cerebral palsy.Methods:The levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-6 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 28 cases of cerebral palsy were detected by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay,and compared with those in 15 normal children.Results:Significant elevated levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-6 were found in PBMC in children with cerebral palsy((46.17±14.29)pg/ml,(28.65±11.44)pg/ml and (67.13±21.10)pg/ml respectively)compared with those in normal children((37.31±16.64)pg/ml,(18.43±10.97)pg/ml and (46±23.39)pg/ml respectively),all differences were statistical significance (all P0.05).Conclusion:The elevated levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-6 in PBMC in children with cerebral palsy may have relationship with the occurrence of cerebral palsy.That is,the occurrence of cerebral palsy is closely correlated with the functional abnormality of immunity.
Coloured South Africans: a middleman minority of another kind

ABSTRACTBeginning in the 1940s, a literature on middleman minorities emerged to demystify the intermediary economic niche that Jews had occupied in medieval Europe. They were viewed as ethnic entrepreneurs occupying the economic status gap. In the 1960s, scholars began to systematically apply middleman minority theory to colonial societies and to American society. South Africa also has classic middleman minorities: immigrants from South Asia. This article identifies Coloured South Africans as a middleman minority of another type: semi-privileged proletarians. It also offers a typology contrasting ethnic entrepreneurs to semi-privileged proletarians.
Is Death Better in Utopia

Life is better in any utopia that deserves its name. But what about death? This question might have seemed remote to the point of absurdity had it been raised in the early years of the death awaren...
DATA MANAGEMENT FOR RESEARCHERS: ORGANIZE, MAINTAIN, AND SHARE YOUR DATA FOR RESEARCH SUCCESS. Briney, Kristin. Exeter, England: Pelagic Publishing, 2015. 191p. ISBN 978-1-78427-011-7. $41.99 (softcover).

Research methodologies keep evolving with an ever increasing need for greater access to a growing body of digital data. This places more and more emphasis on the significance of effective and effic...
Deriving Parameters for Open and Closed QN Models of Operational Systems Through Black Box Optimization

Black-box modeling techniques are used when modeling computer systems with unknown internal structure or behavior and/or when it is not feasible or too time consuming to monitor a running computer system. The main challenge in these situations lies in estimating values for the parameters of these models, especially the values of service demands at the various devices for each transaction class. These estimates have to be compliant with the input-output relationships observed through measurements. This means that solving a model of the system with the estimated parameters should yield the same outputs (e.g., response times) for the same inputs (e.g., arrival rates or concurrency level). This paper presents a method for automatically estimating service demands for open, closed, single and multiclass queuing networks (QN). The method is based on casting the estimation problem as a non-linear optimization problem. However, because the solution of closed QNs does not have a closed form, we need to resort to black-box optimization techniques. The parameter estimation method presented here is part of iModel, a framework for automatically deriving performance models of systems whose detailed characteristics (structure and behavior) are unknown. Other portions of the framework were discussed in detail in previous publications by the authors. This paper illustrates the ideas through several numerical examples and then applies them to a multi-tiered operational system running OFBiz. The estimated service demands closely satisfy the input-output relationships at various workload intensity levels and can be used for prediction purposes.
Impact of fathers on parental monitoring of daughters and their affiliation with sexually promiscuous peers: A genetically and environmentally controlled sibling study

Girls who receive higher quality fathering engage in less risky sexual behavior (RSB) than their peers. Previous research identifies higher levels of parental monitoring/knowledge and reduced affiliation with deviant peers as potential mediators of this observed fathering effect. Although paternal investment theory posits a causal effect of fathers on daughters' RSB, and on the intervening processes that mediate this effect, these relations could arise from genetic or environmental confounds. To address this limitation, we employed the genetically- and environmentally controlled differential sibling-exposure design (N = 101 sister pairs; ages 18-36), which retrospectively examines the effects of differential sibling exposure to family disruption/father absence and quality of fathering. Consistent with a causal explanation, differences between older and younger sisters in the effects of fathering quality on parental monitoring and peer RSB were greatest in biologically disrupted families when there was a large age gap between the sisters (thus maximizing differential exposure to fathers), with greater exposure within families to higher quality fathering increasing parental monitoring and reducing affiliation with sexually promiscuous peers. No such differences were found between older and younger sisters in families with little or no differential exposure to fathers (e.g., biologically intact families) or in response to differences in mothering quality. Taken together, these findings suggest that higher quality fathering may decrease daughters' engagement in RSB by increasing the amount of parental monitoring that they receive and decreasing their affiliation with peers who promote RSB. (PsycINFO Database Record