cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Productivity in High-Performance Computing

Abstract Productivity is an emerging measure of merit for high-performance computing. While pervasive in application, conventional metrics such as flops fail to reflect the complex interrelationships of diverse factors that determine the overall effectiveness of the use of a computing system. As a consequence, comparative analysis of design and procurement decisions based on such parameters is insufficient to deliver highly reliable conclusions and often demands detailed benchmarking to augment the more broad system specifications. Even these assessment methodologies tend to exclude important usage factors such as programmability, software portability and cost. In recent years, the HPC community has been seeking more advanced means of assessing the overall value of high-end computing systems. One approach has been to extend the suite of benchmarks typically employed for comparative examination to exercise more aspects of system operational behavior. Another strategy is to devise a richer metric for evaluation that more accurately reflects the relationship of a system class to the demands of the real-world user workflow. One such measure of quality of computing is ‘productivity’, a parameter that is sensitive to a wide range of factors that describe the usage experience and effectiveness of a computational workflow. Beyond flops count or equivalent metrics, productivity reflects elements of programmability, availability, system and usage cost and the utility of the results achieved, which may be time critical. In contrast to a single measure, productivity is a class of quantifiable predictors that may be adjusted to reveal best understanding of system merit and sensitivity to configuration choices. This chapter will discuss the set of issues leading to one or more formulations of the productivity, describe such basic formulations and their specific application and consider the wealth of system and usage parameters that may contribute to ultimate evaluation. The paper will conclude with a discussion of open issues that still need to be resolved in order to enable productivity to serve as a final arbiter in comparative analysis of design choices for system hardware and software.
Safety of the low-forceps operation☆

Abstract DeLee's 7 recommendation, in 1920, of "prophylactic forceps" to protect the fetal brain was an important milestone in obstetrics. The present study, undertaken to test Dr. DeLee's hypothesis with patient material, analyzes data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project on uncomplicated gravid patients and compares the effects on the fetus of spontaneous delivery and the outlet forceps operation. The offspring of nearly 30,000 gravidas delivered spontaneously or by the low-forceps operation were followed by periodic examinations up to 4 years of age. The data show that the prophylactic forceps operation does not increase the hazard of neonatal death or subsequent neurological impairment of the infant so delivered. Whether the operation is "protective" to the infant is less certain, although the data suggest this possibility.
Awareness of racial/ethnic disparities in surgical outcomes and care: factors affecting acknowledgment and action.

Abstract Background Studies have demonstrated racial/ethnic disparities in surgical outcomes and care. Surgeon awareness and its association with institutional action remain unclear. The study sought to assess surgeons' awareness of racial/ethnic disparities, ascertain whether demographic and practice factors influence acknowledgement of disparities, and determine whether surgeons are seeking to mitigate disparities. Methods Anonymous online survey was administered to a random sample of American College of Surgeons (ACS) general surgeons (July 2013 to March 2014). Responses were weighted for nonresponse and risk-adjusted using logistic regression. Results 172 surgeons completed the survey. Levels of acknowledged disparities were low. Less than one half reported institutional efforts to address disparities, and less than one fourth had taken efforts to investigate disparities in their personal practice. Several respondent factors including Academic Medical Center affiliation, awareness of the ACS statement on optimal access, and year of medical school graduation significantly associated with expressed acknowledgment of disparities. Conclusions Such associations speak to the need for continued efforts to promote enhanced provider awareness and participation. As the field of surgical disparities moves from understanding to action, we must acknowledge the contributing role that providers play.
Erratum: μ-Oxalato-bis-[bis-(triphenyl-phosphine)copper(I)] dichloro-methane disolvate. Corrigendum.

An erroneous claim in the paper by Royappa et al. [Acta Cryst. (2013), E69, m126] is corrected and a reference added for a previously published report of a closely related structure.
School Differences in Heterosexual Students' Attitudes About Homosexuality and Prejudice Based on Sexual Orientation

In this study, we investigated the relationships between school context and heterosexual adolescents’ social reasoning regarding same-sex sexuality and sexual prejudice. One thousand seventy-six adolescents (Female, n=648; Male, n=428) attending two high schools that differed in the degree to which they implemented practices to increase the safety and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT students) responded to a questionnaire regarding their attitudes and beliefs about homosexuality and their judgments regarding excluding and teasing lesbian, gay, and gender non-conforming peers. The results of the study suggest that safe schools practices are related to more tolerant and less stereotypical attitudes among heterosexual students; particularly regarding gay male sexuality. This study provides additional evidence that adolescents’ social reasoning about sexual prejudice is complex and multidimensional.
Pancreatic and Intestinal Response to Dietary Guar Gum in Rats

Rats were fed a fiber-free semi-purified diet or one containing 10% guar gum, a hydrophilic galactomannan, or a laboratory stock diet. The presence of guar gum in the diet decreased food intake and body weight gain perhaps due to distension of the gastrointestinal tract. Relative to the group fed fiber-free diet, liver weight was smaller and pancreas weight larger in the groups consuming guar gum or the stock diet. The latter 2 diets were hypocholesterolemic relative to the fiber-free diet. In both the unfed and fed state the wet weight of the intestine was significantly greater in the rats consuming guar gum. The greatest difference was in the wet weights of the small intestine in the fed animals. In the pancreas, there were no notable differences in digestive enzyme activity between the groups fed guar and fiber-free diet. However, in the intestine, lipase, amylase and total proteolytic activity were significantly greater in the rats fed guar gum. This elevation of enzyme activity in the intestine could be due to a slower rate of enzyme degradation or to enhancement of the enzyme secretion. The ability of guar gum to increase the volume of intestinal contents may be important in its slowing of absorption.
Optical signals of the ovary

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all gynecologic cancers. Patients at high risk need technologies that detect early malignant changes. Optical techniques will play an important role in the screening, diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Bubble density in a hydrogen bubble chamber

Gap-length measurements on tracks in a hydrogen bubble chamber have been used to determine the bubble density. The velocity-dependence of the bubble density in the range β=0.60 to 0.98 is shown to be represented by 1/β1.91±0.05. No relativistic rise in bubble density is found and this is in agreement with theoretical predictions. Mechanisms for bubble formation are discussed.
Barotropic Instability of the Polar Night Jet Stream

Abstract An eigenvalue analysis of the nondivergent barotropic model on a sphere and an initial value analysis of a baroclinic, quasi-geostrophic model on a sphere are used to study barotropically unstable zonal flows similar to those observed in the wintertime stratosphere. The unstable modes fall into two categories. Polar modes associated with regions of negative potential vorticity gradient on the polar flank of the stratospheric westerly jet are most unstable for zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2 which have significant growth rates and have periods on the order of 3–4 days and 1.5–2 days, respectively. Thew polar modes correspond to a wave observed by Venne and Stanford (1982). Mid-latitude modes associated with regions of negative potential vorticity gradient on the equatorward flank of the stratospheric westerly jet have much longer periods. For wind profiles near marginal stability the most unstable modes occur for the lowest zonal wavenumbers 1–3 and have periods which are on the order of a week or more ...
Susceptibility of wood ducks to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

Since 2002, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have caused mortality in numerous species of wild birds; this is atypical for avian influenza virus (AIV) infections in these avian species, especially for species within the order Anseriformes. Although these infections document the susceptibility of wild birds to H5N1 HPAI viruses and the spillover of these viruses from infected domestic birds to wild birds, it is unknown whether H5N1 HPAI viruses can persist in free-living avian populations. In a previous study, we established that wood ducks (Aix sponsa) are highly susceptible to infection with H5N1 HPAI viruses. To quantify this susceptibility and further evaluate the likelihood of H5N1 HPAI viral maintenance in a wild bird population, we determined the concentration of virus required to produce infection in wood ducks. To accomplish this, 25 wood ducks were inoculated intranasally at 12–16 wk of age with decreasing concentrations of a H5N1 HPAI virus (A/Whooper Swan/Mongolia/244/05 [H...
Optically powered DFB fiber laser magnetometer

An optically powered DFB fiber laser based magnetometer free from hysteresis, incorporating drift compensation is demonstrated. Optical power is delivered through a dedicated fiber to provide the required dither current yielding an electrically passive sensor.
Plasma concentrations of betamethasone after topical application of betamethasone 17-valerate: comparison with oral administration.

Plasma concentrations of betamethasone were measured by r.i.a. after oral administration of 0.6 mg betamethasone and topical application of betamethasone 17-valerate in the same five healthy subjects. Betamethasone 17-valerate was prepared as a suspension in medical grade pressure sensitive adhesive and applied to a 100 cm2 area on the back for 28 h. Mean maximum plasma concentrations were 5.0 and 0.24 ng ml-1 and mean AUC values were 75.4 and 7.74 ng ml-1 h after oral and topical administrations, respectively. The mean plasma elimination half-life of betamethasone after the removal of topical betamethasone 17-valerate was 16.6 h which was twice that after oral administration, 8.1 h. Betamethasone 17-valerate may require application to the skin more than twice daily.
Differential effects of metabolic inhibitors on cytoplasmic membrane associated and nuclear DNA.

Abstract The cellular functions necessary for transport of cytoplasmic membrane associated DNA from nucleus to cytoplasm have been investigated utilizing inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis. Hydroxyurea, fluorodeoxyuridine, cytosine arabinoside, and ethidium bromide did not prevent transport of cytoplasmic membrane associated DNA to the cytoplasm. In contrast, rifampicin and N-demethyl rifampicin totally inhibited the appearance of newly synthesized DNA on cytoplasmic membranes, while dimethyl-benzyl-demethyl rifampicin was partially inhibitory.
Quantocentric Culture: Ramifications for Social Work Education

Social work students' responses to research tend to reflect their anxiety about the acquisition of competency in statistics and research methods. Their desires to attain social work education and subsequently become practitioners are viewed by them as at odds with research as taught. Yet, within the current quantocentric culture—which the authors define as one in which quantitative research methods are privileged over other lines of inquiry—social work education is increasingly emphasizing research as a central component of practice. Using a ‘culture as disability’ framework to understand quantocentric culture and its impact on the educational environment, we suggest an educational approach designed to interest students in a broad view of research allowing for the wholehearted inclusion of non‐quantitative and practice‐related facets of research. The approach encourages students to: (a) fully articulate their perceptions of research, both positive and negative; (b) link these views and experiences to the ...
A Framework for Interpolating the Population Surface at the Residential-Housing-Unit Level

Population surface information is essential for a broad array of geographical studies. Many areal interpolation methods have been developed for creating population surface data from decennial census data. This paper describes a new framework to interpolate population to the lowest spatial level, i.e., housing units, based on high-resolution geospatial imagery. The framework is fundamentally a dasymetric mapping process, comprising: (1) determination of the basic dasymetric unit; (2) extracting the basic units; and (3) allocating population counts to each unit. An example was carried out to illustrate the promises and challenges of implementing such a framework using DOQQ, LIDAR, and parcel data.
Catalytic Direct Liquefaction of High-Sulfur Coals and Their Blends with Asphaltite in the Absence of a Solvent

Two high-sulfur Turkish coals (Mengen and Kangal) and an asphaltite (Avgamasya) were liquefied with and without the catalyst precursors ammonium heptamolybdate (AHM) and ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) at 300, 350, 400, and 450 °C. Blends of these coals with the asphaltite were also liquefied using ATTM. Effective conversions of both coals into oils and into asphaltene and preasphaltene fractions were achieved with both catalyst precursors, although ATTM was more effective than AHM. Maximum conversion for Mengen coal with ATTM (89.2%) was achieved at 400 °C, although the maximum yield of oils (56.9%) was obtained at 450 °C. Kangal, in the presence of ATTM, gave maximum conversion (87.7%) at 400 °C; the corresponding oil yield (49.6%) was not much less than that obtained at 450 °C (49.9%). Some retrogressive reactions toward the formation of aromatics were observed during liquefaction at 450 °C in the presence of AHM or ATTM with both coals. Also, using these catalyst precursors results in effective hyd...
Home-Based Treatment of Severe Disruptive Behaviors: A Reinforcement Package for Preschool and Kindergarten Children

A home-based reinforcement package was implemented to decrease serious disruptive and aggressive behaviors in three groups of six pre-school and kindergarten-age children, who participated across s...
Optimization of the contact damping and stiffness coefficients to minimize human body vibration

In this paper, a lumped mass human model is used to minimize the energy absorption at the feet/hip level when the body is subjected to vertical vibration. The contact forces are assumed unknown. By coupling the dynamic response of the body with certain objective criteria, the optimum damping and stiffness coefficients of shoes/chairs are sought. The optimization technique is based on the quasi-Newton and finite-difference gradient method and is used to seek optimum coefficients of the contact forces in the solution of the body's response in the frequency domain. The criteria of acceleration, displacement and internal forces response area swept for a range of 0-15 Hz form the basis of our simulation study. In the seated/standing postures it is found that for each criteria the frequency response shifts the peak of resonance of each body segment response from 4.5/3.67 Hz to 2.5/2.255 Hz. In addition, the total energy reduces drastically when the contact conditions are optimum. The method presented in this paper is useful in modeling the medium of contacts and especially in controlling the effects of human body vibration.
Superlens based on metal-dielectric composites

Pure noble metals are typically considered to be the materials of choice for a near-field superlens that allows subwavelength resolution by recovering both propagating and evanescent waves. However, a superlens based on bulk metal can operate only at a single frequency for a given dielectric host. In this paper, it is shown that a composite metal-dielectric film, with an appropriate metal filling factor, can operate at practically any desired wavelength in the visible and near-infrared ranges. Theoretical analysis and simulations verify the feasibility of the proposed lens.
Hymenolepis diminuta: Isolation, purification, and reconstruction in vitro of a cell-free system for protein synthesis

Abstract The rat tapeworm (cestode) Hymenolepis diminuta was fractionated into its subcellular components essential for cell-free protein synthesis. Experiments with S-30 and the S-100 fractions indicated that they were functionally active, but the S-30 was not as active as the S-30 system obtained from bacteria. The S-30 was fractionated into its two major constituents, microsomes and soluble fractions. Ribosomes were purified from the microsomal fraction. When the microsomal and ribosomal fractions were added back to the S-30, a low stimulatory effect was observed. When these same fractions were added back to the S-100, reconstituting the S-30, there was enhancement of the synthesis of protein. Preincubation of the S-100 fraction increased its acylation activity twofold over the nonpreincubated S-100. The isolation and partial purification of the pH 5 fraction, tRNA and synthetases from the S-100, demonstrated that these fractions were functional in aminoacylation assays, but the synthetase fraction had a relatively low stimulatory effect on acylation of tRNA. Isolated tRNAs charged with individual amino acids indicated that tRNAphe was most active in transferring amino acids into peptides when directed by synthetic messenger. Puromycin inhibited the synthesis of protein by 70–98% in the reconstituted system. This study demonstrates the isolation of functionally active subcellular components for cell-free protein synthesis from a parasitic helminth. These procedures can be applied to other helminth species and to the investigation of the action of anthelminthics.
Comparison of the AmpliVue, BD Max System, and illumigene Molecular Assays for Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Antenatal Screening Specimens

The performances of the AmpliVue, BD Max, and illumigene group B Streptococcus (GBS) nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) were compared to that of enriched culture for detection of GBS in antenatal screening specimens. Two hundred specimens were tested simultaneously with the NAATs, following 18 to 24 h of Lim broth enrichment; 15% of specimens were culture positive for GBS, whereas 31.5% were positive by at least one NAAT. All three NAATs were more sensitive (sensitivity, 90.9 to 100%) than culture (sensitivity, 53.6%).
Details and Student Perceptions of an Experiential Program for Personal Selling and Purchasing Classes

This article describes an experiential approach to teaching that brings together students from two different classes, Personal Selling and Purchasing. The program involves role-playing, team teaching, guest speakers, report writing, and individual assessment. The background for this activity sees class members from personal selling classes attempting to sell a product to individuals enrolled in a purchasing or procurement course. The interaction between these two groups of students is the culmination, not only of much class discussion, but also of considerable individual preparation involving library work, personal observations, and communication with industry representatives. Details of this program are provided for those interested in adapting it to their classes. Additionally, student perceptions of this program, which demonstrate broad acceptance, are highlighted.
Transcriptional Response of Two Core Photosystem Genes in Symbiodinium spp. Exposed to Thermal Stress

Mutualistic symbioses between scleractinian corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) are the foundation of coral reef ecosystems. For many coral-algal symbioses, prolonged episodes of thermal stress damage the symbiont's photosynthetic capability, resulting in its expulsion from the host. Despite the link between photosynthetic competency and symbiont expulsion, little is known about the effect of thermal stress on the expression of photosystem genes in Symbiodinium. This study used real-time PCR to monitor the transcript abundance of two important photosynthetic reaction center genes, psbA (encoding the D1 protein of photosystem II) and psaA (encoding the P700 protein of photosystem I), in four cultured isolates (representing ITS2-types A13, A20, B1, and F2) and two in hospite Symbiodinium spp. within the coral Pocillopora spp. (ITS2-types C1b-c and D1). Both cultured and in hospite Symbiodinium samples were exposed to elevated temperatures (32°C) over a 7-day period and examined for changes in photochemistry and transcript abundance. Symbiodinium A13 and C1b-c (both thermally sensitive) demonstrated significant declines in both psbA and psaA during the thermal stress treatment, whereas the transcript levels of the other Symbiodinium types remained stable. The downregulation of both core photosystem genes could be the result of several different physiological mechanisms, but may ultimately limit repair rates of photosynthetic proteins, rendering some Symbiodinium spp. especially susceptible to thermal stress.
An experimental study of hydrogen adsorption on beryllium

Abstract The interaction of hydrogen and deuterium with the (OOO1) surface of beryllium has been investigated using resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and work function measurements. Dissociative adsorption of molecular hydrogen is an activated process, and recombinative desorption occurs with an activation energy of ≈ 1 eV. No evidence for molecular adsorption is observed at substrate temperatures investigated ( 90 K). The binding site of atomic hydrogen and deuterium changes from bridge to tilted-bridge as the adsorbate coverage is increased above ≈ 0.4 monolayers.
Particulates, Not Plants, Dominate Nitrogen Processing in a Septage-Treating Aerated Pond System

In pond and wetland systems for wastewater treatment, plants are often thought to enhance the removal of ammonium and nitrogen through the activities of root-associated bacteria. In this study, we examined the role of plant roots in an aerated pond system with floating plants designed to treat high-strength septage wastewater. We performed both laboratory and full-scale experiments to test the effect of different plant root to septage ratios on nitrification and denitrification, and measured the abundances of nitrifying bacteria associated with roots and septage particulates. Root-associated nitrifying bacteria did not play a significant role in ammonium and total nitrogen removal. Investigations of nitrifier populations showed that only 10% were associated with water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] roots (at standard facility plant densities equivalent to 2.2 wet g roots L -1 septage); instead, nitrifiers were found almost entirely (90%) associated with suspended septage particulates. The role of root-associated nitrifiers in nitrification was examined in laboratory batch experiments where high plant root concentrations (7.4 wet g L -1 , representing a 38% net increase in total nitrifier populations over plant-free controls) yielded a corresponding increase (55%) in the non-substrate-limited nitrification rate (V max ). However, within the full-scale septage-treating pond system, nitrification and denitrification rates remained unchanged when plant root concentrations were increased to 7.1 g roots L -1 (achieved by increasing the surface area available for plants while maintaining the same tank volume). Under normal facility operating conditions, nitrification was limited by ammonium concentration, not nitrifier availability. Maximizing plant root concentrations was found to be an inefficient mechanism for increasing nitrification in organic particulate-rich wastewaters such as septage.
Connectivity and almost continuous images of Im

Let I be the unit interval. We show that the metric connectivity images and metric extendable images of Im, when m>1, are exactly the separable metric spaces which have a dense arc-component. This contrasts strongly with the metric almost continuous images of Im.
Linear Boltzmann equation as the weak coupling limit of a random Schrödinger equation

We study the long time evolution of a quantum particle in a Gaussian random environment. We show that in the weak coupling limit the Wigner distribution of the wave function converges to the solution of a linear Boltzmann equation globally in time. The Boltzmann collision kernel is given by the Born approximation of the quantum scattering cross section.
Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Field Competitiveness of Diflubenzuron-Fed, Irradiated Males—1980, 1981

In 1980 and 1981, adults of Anthonomus grandis Boheman were sexually sterilized by exposing them to 10 krad from a 137Cs source in an atmosphere of nitrogen after they had fed for 5 days on a diet containing diflubenzuron at 100 ppm. Laboratory tests indicated that mating ability of treated males was significantly lower than that of untreated males at both 3 and 7 days after treatment. The LT50 for treated males was 7.5 days. Both treated males and treated females were 100% sterile by laboratory evaluation. Treated females averaged 2.4 eggs each. The competitiveness of the sterile males in the field was 7.5% that of untreated males over a 7-day period. Competitiveness for days 0 to 4 averaged 24%, and that for days 0 to 5 averaged 14%. Introduction of virgin females into the test plots on day 4 or 5 after the sterile weevils and normal males were in the plots showed that the sterile males were virtually noncompetitive (ca. 1.5%) during days 4 to 7 after release. If the treatment is to be used in an eradication program, it is suggested that sterile weevils be released at intervals no greater than 4 days.
LESBIAN MOTHERHOOD: Negotiating Marginal-Mainstream Identities

The identity of lesbian-mother combines a marginalized identity (lesbian) with one of the most revered mainstream identities (mother). With data collected through exploratory in-depth interviews from nine lesbian-mothers, the authors use symbolic interaction framework to explore the strategies that lesbian birth mothers and comothers employ to gain acceptance for their marginal-mainstream identities in their family networks. Respondents experienced varying levels of resistance from their social networks, with comothers being especially vulnerable due to their lack of both biological and legal substantiation. The authors explore the process of identity negotiation in three realms of everyday experience: in relationships with extended families, in relations within the nuclear family, and in lesbian relationships that have ended.
Uterine papillary serous carcinoma presenting as distant lymph node metastasis.

Abstract Background. Uterine papillary serous carcinomas are highly aggressive malignancies that often present with high-stage disease. We report two cases that presented initially as distant metastatic disease. One case was found incidentally at the time of axillary dissection for breast cancer and the second case in the workup of a neck mass. Cases. Clinicopathologic review of the patient material including review of routine H&E pathology and immunohistochemical studies of the patients tumors was performed. Both cases showed high-grade papillary carcinomas with psammoma bodies metastatic to lymph nodes in the axilla or neck. Sampling of the endometrium in these patients confirmed primary uterine papillary serous carcinoma. Patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions. Metastatic uterine papillary serous carcinoma presenting initially in distant sites is an unusual manisfestation of this highly aggressive tumor. This tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis when patients present with metastatic high-grade papillary serous carcinomas and the primary site is unknown.
A new method for the determination of paleointensity from the A. R. M. properties of rocks

The relation between the mechanisms of thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) and anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) considered by Nagata (1961) is utilized in the new method. It is shown experimentally that the ratio of room temperature TRM and ARM susceptibilities can be determined quantitatively from the intrinsic magnetic parameters of the rock. Questions of the theoretical background of the method are examined along with details regarding the experimental technique.-
Influence of Reconstituted Dark and Light Chicken Muscle Myosin Filaments on the Morphology and Strength of Heat‐Induced Gels

The morphological characteristics and heat-induced gel properties of filaments reconstituted from dark and light chicken muscle myosin by dialysis (slow filamentogenesis) and dilution (fast filamentogenesis) methods were studied. The solubility/turbidity properties of myosin isolated from dark and light muscles were quite similar at different pH values and temperatures, but the morphological characteristics of reconstituted filaments of dark and light myosin varied markedly, depending upon whether they were formed by dialysis or dilution.
Some evidence supporting Nuttin’s explanation of spread of effect

Sixty-six Ss were individually presented a series of 40 slides showing stimuli each with five possible responses and instructed to learn the correct responses to the stimuli. During the second presentation of the slides half the Ss were informed that the slides for which they had previously given “right” answers would be marked by a red X, as in fact they were. In comparison with Ss who did not see red Xs which denoted stimuli previously responded to correctly, informed Ss made significantly fewer repetitions of errors for positions both before and after rewarded S-R pairs. The results support Nuttin’s explanation of the spread of effect.
Vitamin E, diethylmaleate and bromotrichloromethane interactions in oxidative damage in vivo.

Abstract In vivo interactions of vitamin E with diethylmaleate (DEM) and bromotrichloromethane (CBrCl3) were examined in rat fed a diet either without vitamin E or supplemented with 30 IU dl-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg. Groups of rats within each dietary group were given two injections 30 min apart. One group received two injections of the mineral oil carrier. The other groups were injected with either DEM and mineral oil, mineral oil and CGrCl3, or DEM and CBrCl3. The rats were killed 10 min after the second injection. Measurements were made of hepatic GSH, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as a lipid peroxidation index, and 11 enzymes as potential markers of oxidant damage. Special focus was placed on reactive cysteine-containing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Although dietary vitamin E protected ALDH, the enzyme was highly susceptible to oxidant damage. ALDH activity was correlated with GSH (r = 0.83, p
Hyperthyroidism in men with germ cell tumors and high levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

A retrospective review was done on all high volume choriocarcinomas and other germ cell tumors of men with serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) levels greater than 50,000 mIU/ml to determine the incidence and characteristics of hyperthyroidism in this setting. Nineteen patients were identified with high beta-HCG levels, but because 2 did not have thyroid function tests performed, the cases of only 17 patients were evaluable. Of these, 14 (82%) had primary testicular carcinoma and 3 (18%) had extragonadal tumors. Beta-HCG levels on presentation ranged from 80,000 to 3,058,000 mIU/ml, with a median of 243,500 mIU/ml. Seven of the 17 evaluable cases (41%) had T4 serum levels higher than 12 micrograms/dl (normal level 4 to 12 micrograms/dl) with a median value of 15.4 micrograms/dl (range, 12.6 to 33.5 micrograms/dl); serum T4 levels correlated with beta-HCG levels (r = 0.84). All seven patients with elevated T4 levels had beta-HCG values greater than 200,000 mIU/ml, and three of these seven had clinical manifestations that could be attributed to an elevated serum T4; only one patient required specific antithyroid treatment; and after control of primary disease, all other patients had normalization of thyroid function. The most common manifestations of hyperthyroidism in our series were tachycardia, hypertension, and a systolic flow murmur; none of the patients had thyroid gland enlargement. We conclude that subclinical hyperthyroidism is a relatively common phenomenon in germ cell tumors of men with high levels of beta-HCG and that control of the primary disease results in serum T4 level normalization.
A Droplet Based Microgripper for Microassembly

A new droplet microgripper that can pick up and release micro objects by electrowetting is presented. Electrowetting is utilized to dynamically change the contact angle between the liquid bridge and the gripper surface to control the capillary lifting forces. A coplanar interdigitated gold electrode pair was employed to simplify the microfabrication. The lifting force generated by the microgripper was experimentally characterized. The pick and release routine were successfully demonstrated for various micro glass beads. The design, microfabrication and testing of the microgripper are presented.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The absolute signs of the zero-field parameters from microwave-optical double resonance (MODR) spectroscopy: 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in durene

Abstract Absorption and stimulated emission of microwaves has been observed in the 3 cm MODR spectrum of the photo-excited triplet state of symmetric tetrachlorobenzene (s-TCB) in a durene host crystal at liquid helium temperatures. Studies of the relative intensities of the “Δ m s + ± 1” transitions as a function of temperature, with the magnetic field directed along molecular fine structure axes, have been used to determine the absolute signs of the zero-field (ZF) parameters. Combining these results with those from experiments done in zero field, it is found that D = +0.1518 and E = +0.02908 cm −1 . The signs of the ZF parameters in the π,π ‡ triplet states of aromatic molecules are discussed, and it is shown that the sign of E in s-TCB and other substituted benzenes such as p -dichlorobenzene can be predicted using simple molecular orbital considerations.
A note on the magnetic network of photospheric magnetic fields

Abstract It is suggested that the magnetic network in the unipolar region of the photosphere can be interpreted as the field of loop currents along the boundary of the supergranulation cells. The currents are generated by the dynamo process associated with the supergranulation.
Free convection from a sphere in a slightly-thermally stratified fluid

Abstract The steady, axisymmetric flow of a vertically stratified viscous fluid over a fixed sphere is considered in a uniform gravity field. Analytical solutions are obtained by the singular perturbation technique valid for small (modified) Grashof numbers. Two cases are considered, viz. when the sphere is either thermally insulated or when its surface temperature is maintained constant equal to that of the fluid occupying the diametral plane. Streamlines are shown graphically in an axial plane for the flow near the sphere. It is found that for the thermally insulated sphere, the flow is like the one about a stationary sphere in a rotating fluid, i.e. the inflow near the equator changes into an outflow at the poles, the transition occurring at an angle of 54.5° measured from the poles. For the isothermal sphere, the streamlines are similar to those of a uniformly spinning sphere in a fluid at rest.
Effects of pheromone components and their degradation products on the response ofHeliothis spp. to traps

None of the isolated degradation products of (Z)-11-hexadecenal [(Z)-11-HDAL] affected the catches of either tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] or bollworm [H. zea (Boddie)] moths when dispensed with pheromone from cotton dental rolls in cone traps. Also, none of the degradation products of (Z)-9-tetradecenal [(Z)-9-TDAL] had an effect on trap catches of tobacco budworm moths. Two of the three chemicals that have previously been identified in ovipositor washes of tobacco budworms but that are absent in those of bollworms caused a reduction in capture of bollworms: (Z)-9-TDAL (1.0 μg/trap) caused a 96% reduction in trap catch and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (20.0 μg/trap) caused a similar reduction. Tetradencenal (40 μg/trap) had no effect on trap catch.
Biology of Cybocephalus sp. nr. nipponicus (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae), a natural enemy of euonymus scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae)

Cybocephalus sp. nr. nipponicus Endrody-Younga was introduced into the United States as part of a biological control project against euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock). Knowledge of the biology of cybocephalid species is very limited. At 22°C, C . sp. nr. nipponicus had a generation time of a7 wk from egg to newly emerged adult, and adults lived for 11–14 wk. Cybocephalus sp. nr. nipponicus is able to pupate both in the soil and under scale covers. The total number of eggs laid per female averaged 288.6 ± 236.5 eggs. Variation in total life time fecundity (19–589) depended on female lifespan. Beetles lay eggs under scale covers; larvae penetrate under scale covers to eat scales, consuming an average per lifetime of 19.5 ± 11.4 scales. Younger scales are consumed by larvae in larger numbers. Predation rates by adult C. sp. nr. nipponicus beetles were affected by both the number and age of scales in local patches. Both the number and percentage of scales attacked by adult beetles increased with increasing scale age. Adult beetles consumed 4.5 times more euonymus scales than San Jose scales, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), with high consumption rates of 2- stage male euonymus scales.
Equivariant estimation of a normal mean using a normal concomitant variable for covariance adjustment

Equivariant point estimators of one component of a bivariate normal mean vector are considered when the second component is known. Equivariant point estimators are characterized and compared in terms of their risk functions with respect to a normalized squared-error loss function. Specific point estimators that dominate the usual estimator when the squared correlation coefficient is sufficiently large are provided. On considere l'estimation ponctuelle de l'une des composantes de l'esperance d'un vecteur gaussien a deux dimensions lorsque l'autre composante est connue. On caracterise les estimateurs equivariants et on compare leur risque par rapport a une deviation quadratique normalisee. On obtient des estimateurs ponctuels specifiques qui dominent l'estimateur classique lorsque le carre du coefficient de correlation est suffisamment grand.
Class II formin targeting to the cell cortex by binding PI(3,5)P2 is essential for polarized growth

Class II formins are key regulators of actin and are essential for polarized plant cell growth. Here, we show that the class II formin N-terminal phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) domain binds phosphoinositide-3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). Replacing the PTEN domain with polypeptides of known lipid-binding specificity, we show that PI(3,5)P2 binding was required for formin-mediated polarized growth. Via PTEN, formin also localized to the cell apex, phragmoplast, and to the cell cortex as dynamic cortical spots. We show that the cortical localization driven by binding to PI(3,5)P2 was required for function. Silencing the kinases that produce PI(3,5)P2 reduced cortical targeting of formin and inhibited polarized growth. We show a subset of cortical formin spots moved in actin-dependent linear trajectories. We observed that the linearly moving subpopulation of cortical formin generated new actin filaments de novo and along preexisting filaments, providing evidence for formin-mediated actin bundling in vivo. Taken together, our data directly link PI(3,5)P2 to generation and remodeling of the cortical actin array.
Solid-state electroluminescent devices based on transition metal complexes.

Transition metal complexes have emerged as promising candidates for applications in solid-state electroluminescent devices. These materials serve as multifunctional chromophores, into which electrons and holes can be injected, migrate and recombine to produce light emission. Their device characteristics are dominated by the presence of mobile ions that redistribute under an applied field and assist charge injection. As a result, an efficiency of 10 lm/W—among the highest efficiencies reported in a single layer electroluminescent device—was recently demonstrated. In this article we review the history of electroluminescence in transition metal complexes and discuss the issues that need to be addressed for these materials to succeed in display and lighting applications.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Flow in a Vaneless Diffuser of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage. Part 1: Experimental Investigation:

AbstractAs user demands grew for improved performance and more reliable equipment and as compressor vendors sought improved analytical and design methodologies, the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the industrial world became a necessity. Fortunately, large increases in available, economic computing power together with development of improved computational methods now provide the industrial designer with much improved analytic capability. As CFD algorithms and software have continued to be developed and refined, it remains essential that validation studies be conducted in order to ensure that the results are both sufficiently accurate and can be obtained in a robust and predictable manner.Part I of this paper presented detailed flow measurements in a vaneless diffuser of a centrifugal compressor stage with a very high flow coefficient radial impeller, where measurements were carried out in the vaneless diffuser at seven radial positions downstream of the radial impeller designed for a ...
A Model for the Generation of Coastal Seiches by Deep-Sea Internal Waves

Abstract A dynamical mechanism for the generation of coastal sciches by deep-sea internal waves is investigated using a linear, two-layer coastal model in which internal waves from the deep ocean impinge upon a step-shelf bottom topography. For periodic incident waves, a pronounced peak in the shelf response occurs at each coastal seiche frequency. The maximum amplitude over the shelf is almost directly proportional to the degree of stratification, suggesting that sciche activity should vary with seasonal changes in the stratification. Based on the periodic solutions, Fourier transforms are used to determine the response to one or more internal-wave pulses, and the results are qualitatively consistent with observations. For geometry and gratification which are representative of the Caribbean coast of Puerto Rico, reasonably realistic incident pulses preferentially excite the basic seiche frequency, and a rather small amplitude pulse (10 m) can easily generate currents at the shelf break of 8–10 cm s−1. Fu...
Fabrication of Highly Ordered Anodic Aluminium Oxide Templates on Silicon Substrates

The controlled fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates of unprecedented pore uniformity directly on Si, enabled by new advances on two fronts - direct and timed anodisation of a high-purity Al film of unprecedented thickness (50 mum) on Si, and anodising a thin but pre-textured Al film on Si, has been reported. To deposit high-quality and ultra-thick Al on a non-compliant substrate, a prerequisite for obtaining highly ordered pore arrays on Si by self-organisation while retaining a good adhesion, a specially designed process of e-beam evaporation followed by in situ annealing has been deployed. To obtain an AAO template with the same high degree of ordering and uniformity but from a thin Al film, which is not achievable by the self-organisation alone, pre-patterning of the thin Al surface by reactive ion etching using a freestanding AAO mask that was formed in a separate process was performed. The resultant AAO/Si template provides a good platform for integrated growth of nanotube, nanowire or nanodot arrays on Si. Template-assisted growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly on Si was demonstrated via a chemical vapour deposition method. By controllably removing the AAO barrier layer at the bottom of the pores and partially etching back the AAO top surface, new CNT/Si structures were obtained with potential applications in field emitters, sensors, oscillators and photodetectors.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Pore Formation in Lipid Bilayers in the Presence of Dimethylsulfoxide

We report in this work our observations from detailed atomistic investigations of the interactions between solutions containing 11.3 mol% of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and three fully hydrated bilayers of lipid molecules, (BLMs). The BLMs considered were: dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC); all in the fluid phase and under equilibrium conditions at 323K and 298K, respectively. All of our simulations were performed over 100 ns total simulation time and in the absence of any externally applied stress to the membranes. In all three systems investigated, in the presence of DMSO, we observed that small hydrophobic pores start to open across the membranes at various times during the simulations ranging from 10 ns for the DMPC, 45ns for POPC to 50ns for DPPC membrane. By carefully analyzing the membranes structures we concluded that hydrophobic pores open and close continuously during the simulation beyond the above mentioned time marks. Interestingly, as there is no external stress applied to the membranes these hydrophobic pores are presumably nucleated by thermal fluctuations. In all three systems we also observe that after some time after the first hydrophobic pore nucleation the pore starts to grow and transforms into a hydrophilic pore which continue to grow at an even higher rate. Our MD simulation studies of various BLMs indicate that the presence of DMSO may lower the pore edge line tension leading to pore nucleation and growth due to only thermal fluctuations.© 2007 ASME
ASYMMETRICAL LINES IN THE SPECTRA OF METEORS

Possible explanations of asymmetrical lines in the spectra of meteors are discussed, together with the possible bearing of these asymmetries on anomalies in the photometric data obtained from certain spectra of meteors.