cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Tools for the Immersive Narrative Experience

As a result of Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter and Facebook, the way the audi-ence experiences the written word has completely changed. New genera-tions of readers are facing multimedia interaction as a part of the long format narrative. These technologies represent burgeoning strategies to spark and capture readers’ interests. Partnerships between tech companies and tradi-tional publishers are yielding breakthroughs in trans-media storytelling, and, as a consequence, offering new avenues for filmmakers. For example, romance novels read on smart phones now include videos and photos of the hunky love interest, voice messages amongst characters, and even short films accompanying the reading experience. As publishers and authors forge these new avenues for long form storytelling, do these multimedia elements dumb down fiction for readers with already shrinking attention spans? Will saving books undermine reading in general? Or, are the bonds readers feel with fictional characters so strong, that they will thrive in the digital realm. The future of the immersive narrative might not be just the massive specta-cle of IMAX, but, more likely, an intimate experience in the palm of your hand.
Entrepreneurial strategy: The relationship between firm size and levels of innovation and risk in small businesses

The expression that “Innovation is the central issue in economic prosperity” (Michael Porter), encapsulates the importance of entrepreneurial strategy, which has been linked to firm growth, particularly through its dimensions of innovation and risk. Firm growth will increase its size, which in turn may affect the entrepreneurial strategy; a research area that has been under-studied. This research contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between firm size and the entrepreneurial strategy. Findings support the hypothesis that in larger firms the owners pursue a strategy that tends to be higher in innovation but with reduced risk, while in smaller firms the owners pursue a strategy that is higher in risk but lower in innovation. Additionally, it was found that the firms’ Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is moderated by the organizational size; which supports the notion of bi-directional relationship between EO and organization attributes
Apollonian depth and the accidental fractal

The depth function of three numbers representing curvatures of three mutually tangent circles is introduced. Its 2D plot leads to a partition of the moduli space of the triples of mutually tangent circles/disks that is unexpectedly a beautiful fractal, the general form of which resembles that of an Apollonian disk packing, except that it consists of ellipses instead of circles.
Elevated Outpatient C-Reactive Protein Independently Predicts All-Cause Mortality in LVAD Recipients

Purpose LVAD therapy is associated with persistent inflammation and residual congestion. C-Reactive Protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are established biomarkers of inflammation and congestion. We sought to investigate the association between these biomarkers and mortality in LVAD patients who survived to their first outpatient visit. Methods Serum CRP, ESR and NT-proBNP were prospectively measured at outpatient visits in consecutive LVAD pts. Biomarker levels were averaged over the duration of follow up. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to identify the optimal biomarkers cut off points to predict all-cause mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was built to assess the association between CRP and mortality after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, diabetes, INTERMACS profile, NT-proBNP and presence of driveline infection. Results 228 patients (105 HeartMate II and 105 HeartMate 3, 18 other devices) were studied. On average, there were 9.4±7.0, 11.0±7.6, and 9.5±6.6 measurements per pt for CRP, ESR and NT-proBNP, respectively, over a median follow-up of 564 (IQR 266-895) days. 28 pts died at a median time of 482 (IQR 185-966) days. In the entire cohort, the median levels of CRP, ESR and NT-proBNP were 14.3 (IQR 6.2-30.3)mg/L, 37.4 (IQR 25.0-52.9)mm/hr, and 1135 (IQR 663-2348)pgl/mL. The ROC curves identified the following cut offs to predict mortality: CRP 17.2 (AUC 0.72, p 17.2 mg/L was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR 8.35. 95% CI 2.94- 23.7, p Conclusion Elevated outpatient CRP is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in LVAD recipients.
Enhancing Classroom-Based Communication Instruction for Students with Significant Disabilities and Limited Language

Many students with significant disabilities have complex communication needs and are not yet able to express themselves using speech, sign language, or other symbolic forms. These students rely on nonsymbolic forms of communication like facial expressions, body movements, and vocalizations. They benefit from responsive partners who interpret and honour these forms and teach symbolic alternatives. The purpose of this article is to describe ways in which classroom teachers and other classroom staff can be responsive partners using three targeted teaching practices: (a) attributing meaning and honouring early communication behaviours, (b) giving students personal access to aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems with a core vocabulary, and (c) using aided language input strategies to show students what is possible and how to use graphic symbols on aided AAC systems. These teaching practices are discussed using scenarios to illustrate how each can be integrated into typical academic and non-academic classroom activities.
Increased proportion of physical child abuse injuries at a level I pediatric trauma center during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background and objectives The Covid-19 pandemic has forced mass closures of childcare facilities and schools. While these measures are necessary to slow virus transmission, little is known regarding the secondary health consequences of social distancing. The purpose of this study is to assess the proportion of injuries secondary to physical child abuse (PCA) at a level I pediatric trauma center during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective review of patients at our center was conducted to identify injuries caused by PCA in the month following the statewide closure of childcare facilities in Maryland. The proportion of PCA patients treated during the Covid-19 era were compared to the corresponding period in the preceding two years by Fisher's exact test. Demographics, injury profiles, and outcomes were described for each period. Results Eight patients with PCA injuries were treated during the Covid-19 period (13 % of total trauma patients), compared to four in 2019 (4 %, p Conclusions There was an increase in the proportion of traumatic injuries caused by physical child abuse at our center during the Covid-19 pandemic. Strategies to mitigate this secondary effect of social distancing should be thoughtfully implemented.
Cutting force and stability for inserted cutters using structured light metrology

Abstract This paper describes force and stability prediction for inserted end and face mills using a reverse engineering approach. Structured light scanning is used to identify the spatial coordinates of the points that define the multiple insert cutting edges. These points are used to extract the cutting edge radius and angle and are then incorporated in a time domain simulation that predicts cutting force and tool/workpiece deflection for user-selected operating parameters. Good agreement between predicted and measured cutting forces is demonstrated. The process stability is then predicted using the validated force model and measured structural dynamics.
Assessment of Problem Solving Skills and Implications in Commerce Students

In twenty first century, investigators and stakeholders have been identified abundant innovative tools to evaluate the problem-solving skills, constraints, conceptual understandings, beliefs and attitudes about commerce. Nevertheless, there is lacuna evaluation with respect to problem solving in commerce and it shows that how commerce domain fields are difficult. This study aimed to investigate the student’s problem-solving skills and the factors influences the problem-solving difficulties in commerce. A population of 50 Bachelor of business administration students of different colleges located in Nakhonnayok. The results of the study indicate and revealed that lacking of understanding the problem, thinking and poor mathematical skills are the major constraints in the domain of problem solving skills in commerce. To overcome these obstacles lecturers, need to assign enough assignments and need to recruit well qualified and experienced commerce lecturers.
Regular physical activity reduces the percentage of spinally projecting neurons that express mu-opioid receptors from the rostral ventromedial medulla in mice.

Introduction Regular physical activity/exercise is an effective nonpharmacological treatment for individuals with chronic pain. Central inhibitory mechanisms, involving serotonin and opioids, are critical to analgesia produced by regular physical activity. The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) sends projections to the spinal cord to inhibit or facilitate nociceptive neurons and plays a key role in exercise-induced analgesia. Objective The goal of these studies was to examine if regular physical activity modifies RVM-spinal cord circuitry. Methods Male and female mice received Fluoro-Gold placed on the spinal cord to identify spinally projecting neurons from the RVM and the nucleus raphe obscurus/nucleus raphe pallidus, dermorphin-488 into caudal medulla to identify mu-opioid receptors, and were immunohistochemically stained for either phosphorylated-N-methyl-d-aspartate subunit NR1 (p-NR1) to identify excitatory neurons or tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) to identify serotonin neurons. The percentage of dermorphin-488-positive cells that stained for p-NR1 (or TPH), and the percentage of dermorphin-488-positive cells that stained for p-NR1 (or TPH) and Fluoro-Gold was calculated. Physically active animals were provided running wheels in their cages for 8 weeks and compared to sedentary animals without running wheels. Animals with chronic muscle pain, induced by 2 intramuscular injections of pH 4.0, were compared to sham controls (pH 7.2). Results Physically active animals had less mu-opioid-expressing neurons projecting to the spinal cord when compared to sedentary animals in the RVM, but not the nucleus raphe obscurus/nucleus raphe pallidus. No changes were observed for TPH. Conclusions These data suggest that regular exercise alters central facilitation so that there is less descending facilitation to result in a net increase in inhibition.
Infection, Dissemination, and Transmission Potential of North American Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis, and Culicoides sonorensis for Oropouche Virus

Oropouche virus (OROV), a vector-borne Orthobunyavirus circulating in South and Central America, causes a febrile illness with high rates of morbidity but with no documented fatalities. Oropouche virus is transmitted by numerous vectors, including multiple genera of mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges in South America. This study investigated the vector competence of three North American vectors, Culex tarsalis, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culicoides sonorensis, for OROV. Cohorts of each species were fed an infectious blood meal containing 6.5 log10 PFU/mL OROV and incubated for 10 or 14 days. Culex tarsalis demonstrated infection (3.13%) but not dissemination or transmission potential at 10 days post infection (DPI). At 10 and 14 DPI, Cx. quinquefasciatus demonstrated 9.71% and 19.3% infection, 2.91% and 1.23% dissemination, and 0.97% and 0.82% transmission potential, respectively. Culicoides sonorensis demonstrated 86.63% infection, 83.14% dissemination, and 19.77% transmission potential at 14 DPI. Based on these data, Cx. tarsalis is unlikely to be a competent vector for OROV. Culex quinquefasciatus demonstrated infection, dissemination, and transmission potential, although at relatively low rates. Culicoides sonorensis demonstrated high infection and dissemination but may have a salivary gland barrier to the virus. These data have implications for the spread of OROV in the event of a North American introduction.
Assessing the Effect of Countdown Featured TOR Signal on Drivers in Automated Driving Mode Change

In conditional automated driving, drivers may be required starting manual driving from automated driving mode after take-over request (TOR). The objective of the study was to investigate different ...
Extracellular vesicles produced by primary human keratinocytes in response to TLR agonists induce stimulus-specific responses in antigen-presenting cells.

Abstract Cells can communicate through the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they secrete. Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), alter the biophysical and communicative properties of EVs released from cells, but the functional consequences of these changes are unknown. Characterization of keratinocyte-derived EVs after poly(I:C) treatment (poly(I:C)-EVs) showed slight differences in levels of EV markers TSG101 and Alix, a loss of CD63 and were positive for autophagosome marker LC3b-II and the cytokine IL36γ compared to EVs from unstimulated keratinocytes (control-EVs). Flagellin treatment (flagellin-EVs) led to an EV marker profile like control-EVs but lacked LC3b-II. Flagellin-EVs also lacked IL-36γ despite nearly identical intracellular levels. While poly(I:C) treatment led to the clear emergence of a > 200 nm diameter EV sub-population, these were not found in flagellin-EVs. EV associated IL-36γ colocalized with LC3b-II in density gradient analysis, equilibrating to 1.10 g/mL, indicating a common EV species. Poly(I:C), but not flagellin, induced intracellular vesicles positive for IL-36γ, LC3b-II, Alix and TSG101, consistent with fusion of autophagosomes and multivesicular bodies. Simultaneous rapamycin and flagellin treatment induced similar intracellular vesicles but was insufficient for the release of IL-36γ+/LC3b-II+ EVs. Finally, a qRT-PCR array screen showed eight cytokine/chemokine transcripts were altered (p
Pituitary apoplexy

Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical syndrome of sudden headache and visual decline associated with acute hemorrhagic or ischemic change of an intrasellar mass, and comprises only a subset of hemorrhagic pituitary lesions. The most common presenting symptoms include headache, nausea, diminished visual acuity or visual field, ophthalmoplegia/paresis, and impaired mental status. Multiple risk factors have been reported, although the majority of cases have no identifiable precipitants. MRI is the most sensitive diagnostic modality, with specific imaging findings dependent on the timing post-hemorrhage. Early clinical suspicion is imperative to allow for corticosteroid replacement and hemodynamic stabilization when indicated. Transsphenoidal surgical decompression improves outcome in a majority of cases, although conservative management may be appropriate in select scenarios.
Global chromatin relabeling accompanies spatial inversion of chromatin in rod photoreceptors

The nuclear architecture of rod photoreceptor cells in nocturnal mammals is unlike that of other animal cells. Murine rod cells have an “inverted” chromatin organization with euchromatin at the nuc...
“Learning from mistakes is the best thing”: Risk and Persistence at Hackathons

Hackathons are time-bound collaborative computer science competitions increasingly popular at undergraduate institutions. It is often claimed that their failure-friendly environment helps students become better computer scientists. The same features which encourage risk-taking, however, may increase imposter syndrome and stereotype threat. Furthermore, if hackathons really do radically celebrate emergent projects, why do so many participants leave without showcasing their work? This work addresses two research questions: 1) Do students consider hackathons as a space which is safe for taking risks and learning through failure? And 2) How does participants’ perception of risk affect their decisions to persist or quit the main event competition? Extensive mixed methods data was collected from student attendees, professors, and industry sponsors of three undergraduate computer science hackathons. Constructionism was used to understand participant learning through making in a failure-friendly environment, and social cognitive career theory was used to determine how risk affects decisions on continued participation. Results showed participants largely felt that risk was good for learning, although they did worry about their classwork, health, meeting their own standards, and public embarrassment. They felt much more free to take risks than in their CS classes, and wanted 60% of the skills they used to be new. External conflicts or an unfinished project were the reasons that half of participants didn’t submit for judging. As almost 80% of hackathon attendees have CS related majors, these findings have implications for how risks can be productively used for learning both at hackathons and CS classes.
Analysis of Sera from Monkeys with Histories of Fetal Wastage and the Identification of Teratogenicity in Sera from Human Chronic Spontaneous Aborters Using Rat Embryo Cultures

The use of whole rat embryo cultures to detect teratogenicity in serum was first demonstrated by culturing embryos on sera taken from rats that had been previously injected with cadmium or cyclophosphamide (Klein et al., 1980). This approach was then extended to the testing of human subjects, and we found that sera from subjects receiving drug treatments for cancer or epilepsy were teratogenic (Chatot et al., 1980). In another application of the cultured rat embryo teratogenicity test, the ability to culture rat embryos on monkey sera was evaluated with the hope of incorporating primate metabolism into the test. During the course of this study, serum samples from 18 untreated Rhesus (M. mulatta) monkeys were tested and 16 of the samples supported excellent rat embryo growth and development (Klein et al., 1982). An examination of the breeding records indicated that the two teratogenic samples came from the only two monkeys that had failed to become pregnant in two years of breeding trials. An additonal 14 pigtailed (M. nemestrina) monkeys with histories of reproductive failures and 12 with excellent breeding records were then tested (Klein et al., 1982). Serum from the 14 monkeys with histories of fetal wastage, stillbirths and neonatal deaths were teratogenic at a greater frequency (12 of 14 tested for 86 percent) than sera from the 12 excellent reproducers (4 of 12 tested for 33 percent).
Digestive Proteases: Roles in the Human Alimentary Tract

Digestive proteases are distributed throughout the alimentary tract but are abundant in the stomach and small intestine. Different segments of the alimentary tract have characteristic conditions and proteolytic enzymes. The aspartic endopeptidase pepsin is predominant in the stomach whereas the serine endopeptidases trypsin and chymotrypsin are abundant in the small intestine. Proteolysis releases small peptides and amino acids that are absorbed. Digestion is essentially complete before effluent from the small intestine enters the large intestine. In the large intestine residual products of protein digestion are detoxified, water and salts reclaimed, and indigestible material and bacteria are eliminated as feces.
The Design and Performance of a Pluggable Protocols Framework for Object Request Broker Middleware

To be an effective platform for performance-sensitive real-time and embedded applications, off-the-shelf CORBA middleware must preserve communication-layer quality of service (QoS) properties to applications end-to-end. However, the standard CORBA’s GIOP/IIOP interoperability protocols are not well suited for applications that cannot tolerate the message footprint size, latency, and jitter associated with general-purpose messaging and transport protocols. It is essential, therefore, to develop standard pluggable protocols frameworks that allow custom messaging and transport protocols to be configured flexibly and used transparently by applications. This paper provides three contributions to research on pluggable protocols frameworks for performance-sensitive communication middleware. First, we outline the key design challenges faced by pluggable protocols developers. Second, we describe how TAO, our high-performance, real-time CORBAcompliant ORB, addresses these challenges in its pluggable protocols framework. Third, we present the results of benchmarks that pinpoint the impact of TAO’s OO design on its endto-end efficiency, predictability, and scalability. Our results demonstrate how applying optimizations to communication middleware can yield highly flexible/reusable designs and highly efficient/predictable implementations. In particular, the overall round-trip latency of a TAO two-way method invocation using the standard inter-ORB protocol and using a commercial, off-the-self Pentium II Xeon 400 MHz workstation running in loopback mode is 125 secs. The ORB middleware accounts for approximately 48% or 60 secs of the total round-trip latency. These results illustrate that (1) communication middleware performance is largely This work was supported in part by Boeing, DARPA contract 9701516, GDIS, NSF grant NCR-9628218, Nortel, Siemens, and Sprint. an implementation detail and (2) the next-generation of optimized, standards-based CORBA middleware can replace ad hoc and proprietary solutions. Subject areas: Frameworks; Design Patterns; Distributed and Real-Time Systems
Explanation, Representation and the Dynamical Hypothesis

This paper challenges arguments that systematic patterns of intelligent behavior license the claim that representations must play a role in the cognitive system analogous to that played by syntactical structures in a computer program. In place of traditional computational models, I argue that research inspired by Dynamical Systems theory can support an alternative view of representations. My suggestion is that we treat linguistic and representational structures as providing complex multi-dimensional targets for the development of individual brains. This approach acknowledges the indispensability of the intentional or representational idiom in psychological explanation without locating representations in the brains of intelligent agents.
A power-aware API for embedded and portable systems

Dynamic Power Management (DPM) is an important component of the overall power minimization in embedded computer systems. DPM strategies must often make a tradeoff between real-time performance, computation accuracy and energy needs. However, to make such tradeoffs, we need an efficient way to exchange energy/power and performance related information among the hardware, operating system and the application. In this article, we describe the design and implementation of a power-aware application programming interface (API) that enables the application programmer and OS to implement energy-efficient real-time operating system (RTOS) services and applications. The API provides the capability to specify functionality, precision, and timing contracts between the RTOS and underlying hardware and between the application and the RTOS. Both of these specifications are independent of hardware and RTOS platforms being used. The current implementation provides for services to enable processor voltage and frequency scaling, constraints on frequency-voltage transitions, polling of battery status (if the system is battery based), routines to control energy-speed and energy-accuracy knobs available on IO devices such as network interfaces, display screen, etc. The API is implemented using an open source and object oriented eCos RTOS. The API implementation has been shown to work using the Compaq iPAQ (SA 1110) and an Intel XScale based hardware platform.
Autonomous robot navigation system using a novel value encoded genetic algorithm

This paper describes the development of a genetic algorithm (GA) based path-planning software for local obstacle avoidance. The GA uses a novel encoding technique, which was developed to optimize the information content of the GA structure. Simulation results were used to further optimize the developed software and determine its optimum field of operation. The results show that the GA finds valid solutions to the path-planning problem within reasonable time and can therefore be used for real world applications.
An Examination of Flood Damage Data Trends in the United States

At this time an understanding of flood damages remains elusive from the perspective of a quantitative understanding of factors speculated to contribute to flood damages in the United States (Pielke 2000). As of September 2001, the Corps managed 383 lake and reservoirs (these serve multiple functions with flood control as a major function), and constructed or controlled 8,500 miles of levees. Total flood control expenditures from 1928 through 2000 amounted to $122 billion adjusted for inflation using 2001 dollars (Civil Works Information Paper 2002). Yet, despite all of these investments, flood damages in the U.S. have increased.1 Suspected causes of increasing flood damages include: climate variability and climate change, population growth and development, increasing personal wealth, violations of flood management guidelines, and federal policies. However, none of these factors had been decisively proven or disproved as the reason behind increasing flood damages. Assessing empirically the reasons why flood damages are increasing is extremely difficult because of factors such as a lack of data on population and development within floodplains, and a poor understanding of the performance of flood control measures and implications of those and other floodplain management policies on land use decisions in floodplains. Given these uncertainties, the purpose of this paper is to examine how existing flood damage data can help us understand national flood damage trends. In order to fulfill this purpose, this paper evaluates the existing empirical analysis of flood damage trends, and considers the implications of data limitations for understanding flood damage trends and supporting floodplain management decision-making. This analysis is presented as three key questions: • Where do the data come from? • What can the data tell us? • What can’t the data tell us?
First optical Nyquist filtering of 10G OOK for OFDMA λ-overlays on 40km and 1∶128 split PON

We demonstrate the first OLT-side optical Nyquist filtering of legacy 10G OOK signals, doubling both the reach and split ratios of dynamic >10Gb/s OFDMA λ-overlays for mobile backhaul over PON, without any ONU-side optics upgrades.
RecOR suppression of recF mutant phenotypes in Escherichia coli K-12.

The recF, recO, and recR genes form the recFOR epistasis group for DNA repair. recF mutants are sensitive to UV irradiation and fail to properly induce the SOS response. Using plasmid derivatives that overexpress combinations of the recO+ and recR+ genes, we tested the hypothesis that high-level expression of recO+ and recR+ (recOR) in vivo will indirectly suppress the recF mutant phenotypes mentioned above. We found that overexpression of just recR+ from the plasmid will partially suppress both phenotypes. Expression of the chromosomal recO+ gene is essential for the recR+ suppression. Hence we call this RecOR suppression of recF mutant phenotypes. RecOR suppression of SOS induction is more efficient with recO+ expression from a plasmid than with recO+ expression from the chromosome. This is not true for RecOR suppression of UV sensitivity (the two are equal). Comparison of RecOR suppression with the suppression caused by recA801 and recA803 shows that RecOR suppression of UV sensitivity is more effective than recA803 suppression and that RecOR suppression of UV sensitivity, like recA801 suppression, requires recJ+. We present a model that explains the data and proposes a function for the recFOR epistasis group in the induction of the SOS response and recombinational DNA repair. Images
Cartography and information presentation: a graphics/visualization perspective

Over the last 15 years spatial databases and mapping services have become one of the most important applications on the Internet. In that time we have seen transformative increases in the availability of spatial data such as detailed satellite, streetside and casual images, 3D terrain and building models, and real-time traffic information. Such data has made it possible to create a variety of new kinds of maps and online experiences of any location on earth. Yet, only a handful of different kinds of maps are available online today. Moreover, it is not always clear what task today's online maps are designed to solve.This talk presents a user-centered view of map design. Some of the difficult spatial tasks people regularly face as they navigate the world are described and the long history of mapmaking is drawn upon to show a variety of maps that are carefully designed to address these tasks. Examples include maps designed to help users find their way from one location to another, to aid viewers in better understanding the spatial layout of 3D environments, and to assist tourists in finding points of interest in a new city. The talk concludes with a set of open challenges for online map design.
Synthesis and x-ray crystallographic characterization of the gold(II) ylide dimers [Au(CH2)2PPh2] 2(CH2CN)Br and [Au(CH2)2PPh2] 2(CH2C(O)Ph)Br. Unusually stable functionalized alkyl halide adducts

The reaction of bromoacetonitrile and [Au(CH 2 ) 2 PPh 2 ] 2 , 1 , in benzene gives [Au(CH 2 ) 2 PPh 2 ] 2 (CH 2 CN)Br, 2 , in near quantitative yield. Bromoacetophenone reacts with 1 in dichloromethane to give [Au(CH 2 ) 2 PPh 2 ] 2 (CH 2 C(O)Ph)Br, 3 , in high yield. These gold(II) functionalized alkyl halide adducts are very stable. Their structural, physical and chemical properties are compared with [Au(CH 2 ) 2 PPh 2 ] 2 (Me)Br, 4 . For 2, C 30 H 30 Au 2 BrP 2 N, triclinic, P ; a = 11.030(3), b = 16.016(4), c = 10.3639(2) A, α = 92.310(20), β = 107.950(18), γ = 106.730(19)°, V = 1651.4(7)A 3 with Z = 2. The structure refined to R = 0.040, R w = 0.040 for 3195 reflections with I ⩾ 3.0σ( I ). For 3, C 36 H 35 Au 2 BrP 2 O, monoclinic, Pc ; a = 13.684(4), b = 9.667(15), c = 25.765(3) A, β = 100.95(16)°; V = 3346(1) A 3 with Z = 4. The structure refined to R = 0.049, R w = 0.045 for 2852 reflections with I ⩾ 3.0σ( I ). Both compounds have AuAu singte bonds. In solution each shows a much lower tendency to reductively eliminate alkyl halide than the non-functionalized alkyl adduct.
1-Substituted phenothiazine derivatives

Several new 1-substituted phenothiazine derivatives have been synthesized and characterized. A 1-carboxythionine dye is described.
Sedative Effects of Intranasal Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine in 2 Species of Tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria and Geochelone platynota)

Abstract The sedative effects of intranasal midazolam and dexmedetomidine were evaluated in 2 tortoise species as a means to facilitate handling and performing diagnostic procedures. Six red-footed tortoises ( Chelonoidis carbonaria ) and 6 Indian star tortoises ( Geochelone platynota ) received the following treatments in a randomized order with 2-week washout periods between the treatments: midazolam (0.5 and 1.5mg/kg), dexmedetomidine (0.05 and 0.15mg/kg), and saline control. Tortoises were evaluated and scored for sedation (using a previously published subjective method) by blinded observers, and results were averaged for each species and treatment group. Low-dose dexmedetomidine (0.05mg/kg) in red-footed tortoises resulted in a significantly higher median sedation score at 5 minutes compared with other treatments. Control saline resulted in a higher median sedation score 5 minutes after administration in Indian star tortoises compared with red-footed tortoises. No other significant differences were observed between treatments or between species. The results suggest that intranasal administration of midazolam or dexmedetomidine, at the dosages used in this study, do not provide effective sedation in red-footed tortoises or Indian star tortoises, based on a subjective scoring system.
Does It Work? The Outcomes of Medical Interventions

The focus of this article is on contemporary roots of medical care quality measurement, while it also examines some of the most important historical precedents. Specifically, it singles out Dr. Ernest Avery Codman and his early 20th-century work emphasizing the assessment of outcome as the paramount indicator of medical care quality. The standard that he set for himself and others is the one that late 20th-century researchers must uphold, and to which we must answer.
Threshold properties of random boolean constraint satisfaction problems

We study threshold properties of random constraint satisfaction problems under a probabilistic model due to Molloy [Models for random constraint satisfaction problems, in: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2002]. We give a sufficient condition for the existence of a sharp threshold. In the boolean case, it gives an independent proof for the more difficult half of a classification result conjectured by Creignou and Daude [Generalized satisfiability problems: minimal elements and phase transitions. Theor. Comput. Sci. 302(1-3)(2003) 417-430], proved in a restricted case by the same authors [Combinatorial sharpness criterion and phase transition classification for random CSPs, Inform. Comput. 190(2) (2004) 220-238], and established by them [Coarse and sharp thresholds for random generalized satisfiability problems, in: M. Drmota, P. Flajolet, D. Gardy, B. Gittenberger (Eds.), Mathematics and Computer Science III: Algorithms, Trees, Combinatorics and Probabilities, Birkhauser, Basel, September 2004, pp. 507-517] while this paper was in the refereeing process.
WAS THERE COMPRESSION OF DISABILITY FOR OLDER AMERICANS FROM 1992 TO 2003

Medical advances and the growth of the elderly population have focused interest on trends in the health of the elderly. Three theories have been advanced to describe these trends: compression of morbidity, expansion of morbidity, and dynamic equilibrium. We applied multistate life table methods to the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to estimate active and disabled life expectancy from 1992 to 2003, defining disability as having difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living or activities of daily living. We found increases in active life expectancy past age 65 and decreases in life expectancy with severe disability. These trends are consistent with elements of both the theory of compression of morbidity and the theory of dynamic equilibrium.
On the Dispositional Nature of Stress Measures: Stable and Nonspecific Influences on Self-Reported Hassles

Lazarus raises several important issues regarding the assessment of stress and emotion. I focus on two related topics that are especially relevant to my own research in this area. First, I explore the evidence for and implications of the important (but frequently ignored) dispositional component of self-report stress scales. Second, I comment on unidimensional versus multidimensional assessment of stress and emotion.
1,1′-Trimethylenetitanocene dichloride and the corresponding compounds of zirconium and hafnium

Abstract The preparation and properties of trimethylene bridged titanocene, zirconocene, and hafnocene dichlorides are described. Additional evidence is presented of correlation between ring-ring angles and differential ring-proton shifts in the PMR spectra.
The Structure of the Plk4 Cryptic Polo Box Reveals Two Tandem Polo Boxes Required for Centriole Duplication

Summary Centrioles are key microtubule polarity determinants. Centriole duplication is tightly controlled to prevent cells from developing multipolar spindles, a situation that promotes chromosomal instability. A conserved component in the duplication pathway is Plk4, a polo kinase family member that localizes to centrioles in M/G1. To limit centriole duplication, Plk4 levels are controlled through trans -autophosphorylation that primes ubiquitination. In contrast to Plks 1-3, Plk4 possesses a unique central region called the "cryptic polo box." Here, we present the crystal structure of this region at 2.3 A resolution. Surprisingly, the structure reveals two tandem homodimerized polo boxes, PB1-PB2, that form a unique winged architecture. The full PB1-PB2 cassette is required for binding the centriolar protein Asterless as well as robust centriole targeting. Thus, with its C-terminal polo box (PB3), Plk4 has a triple polo box architecture that facilitates oligomerization, targeting, and promotes trans -autophosphorylation, limiting centriole duplication to once per cell cycle.
Matrices are forever: On applied mathematics and computing in chemical engineering

In the 1960s, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry published a sequence of Fundamentals Reviews (several authored or co-authored by Leon Lapidus) documenting annual progress in mathematics and computers in the field of chemical engineering. These reviews included detailed lists of all publications in the profession that had something to do with applied mathematical and computational techniques and their application to reaction engineering, transport, control and design. Far from such a detailed account, in our tracing of the impact of applied mathematics and computing developments in chemical engineering research through the last 50 years we find two main trends, at very different professional levels. The first is in basic graduate education, where modeling (and the tools to exploit it) forms the basis and the common language of a research/problem solving culture. The second is at the forefront of research, where the time span between mathematical/computational developments and their fruitful adoption, modification and exploitation in chemical engineering is constantly narrowing.
The prevalence of suicide attempts among community-dwelling US Chinese older adults – findings from the PINE study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of suicide attempts and explore the suicide methods among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Design/methodology/approach – Data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) study, a population-based epidemiological study of Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above in the greater Chicago area. Guided by the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, the study enrolled 3,159 community-dwelling Chinese older adults from 2011 to 2013. Findings – The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts is 791 per 100,000 and the past 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts is 285 per 100,000. Medication overdose is the most common suicide method both in the group of lifetime suicide attempts and 12-month suicide attempts. Lower income is positively correlated with lifetime suicide attempts and 12-month suicide attempts. Living with fewer household members is positively correlated with lifetime suicide attemp...
How to initiate lithium therapy: a systematic review of dose estimation and level prediction methods

Abstract Background Throughout the past decades, several methods have been developed to achieve therapeutic lithium blood levels as quick and safe as possible. The present study will systematically review the methods developed and studied for lithium dose estimation or level prediction at the initiation of therapy. Methods A systematic computerized Medline search was performed for papers published in English, French or Dutch between 1966 and April 2012 describing or studying methods for dosing lithium or predicting the lithium level on a certain dosage. References of relevant articles were screened for additional papers. Results Of 273 unique references retrieved, 65 met the inclusion criteria. Apart from the empirical titration method, 38 predictive methods for initiating lithium were identified. These methods can be classified into two categories: the a priori predictive methods, and the test-dose predictive methods requiring the administration of a test dose of lithium prior to starting treatment. Limitations The methodological strength was not taken into account for a study to be included in the review. Conclusions The most important distinction between the empirical titration method and the predictive methods appears to be the shorter time the latter need to achieve the targeted lithium level. The vast majority of predictive methods, however, show inconsistent or poor results or have not been replicated since their initial description. The empirical titration method, although not extensively studied, appears to be a time-honored method that can be recommended for use in daily clinical practice.
Many Minerals, Several Phyla, and a Few Considerations

Cells of biomineralizing systems have the capacity to create within fluid microenvironments the conditions in which ions attain concentrations sufficient for mineral deposition in association with proteins. These microenvironments can also provide specific conditions for the deposition of many kinds of minerals. Four areas of research are discussed: (1) the effects of neurosecretory substances on ion movement and mineral deposition of tissues in vitro ; (2) mineralization by single cells and the formation of species-specific calcined structures; (3) the permeability and kinetics of ion movement across membranes of vacuoles; and (4) analyses of the skeletal proteins of various taxonomic groups in the study of evolutionary continuity and the role of proteins in processes of mineralization. For each of the four areas, experimental approaches, which have been employed or which appear feasible, are suggested. Antigen-antibody reactions to indicate protein similarities in different taxa and the use of monoclonal antibodies as probes to interfere with mineralization processes may prove useful new methods in biomineralization research.
Arachnoid cysts of the cerebellopontine angle: diagnosis and surgery.

OBJECTIVE : The optimal surgical management of arachnoid cysts remains controversial. The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is a rare location for arachnoid cysts, and only 28 cases of arachnoid cysts occurring in the CPA have been reported in the literature. We discuss the diagnosis, radiographic imaging, and surgical management of CPA arachnoid cysts. METHODS : Five patients (three male and two female patients) with a mean age of 5.6 years have been operated on at our institution since 1980. Magnetic resonance imaging allows for the accurate diagnosis of these arachnoid cysts, which can present with only discrete symptoms, such as headache or ataxia. All five arachnoid cysts compressed the cerebellum or brain stem. One patient had associated hydrocephalus. Three patients presented with refractory headaches associated with nausea and vomiting. The remaining two patients presented with cerebellar signs. No patient had an initial cranial neuropathy. RESULTS : All patients underwent a retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy and microsurgical resection and fenestration of the cyst walls. One patient underwent two procedures. A cystoperitoneal shunt was inserted at the first operation. After the shunting procedure, the patient's condition deteriorated ; however, after the microsurgical resection and fenestration, his symptoms improved. With a mean 5.2-year follow-up, there has been no evidence of clinical or radiographic recurrence. CONCLUSION : Although CPA arachnoid cysts represent a small number of total arachnoid cysts, the CPA is the second most common location for arachnoid cysts to occur. CPA cysts are congenital lesions found in children who present with subtle signs or symptoms. The definitive treatment for these arachnoid cysts is a retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy and microsurgical resection and fenestration of the cyst walls.
Addressing researchers' needs through the data curation profile

This poster describes a study currently in progress that seeks to identify and address the needs of researchers from multiple disciplines in managing, curating and preserving their data. One output of this study, which is still in its early stages, will be the "data curation profile," a methodological tool designed to enable the comparison of needs across disciplines and help librarians build digital libraries that accurately reflect and address the needs of data producers.
Effect of different fetal bovine serum concentrations on the replicative life span of cultured chick cells

The effect of Eagle's minimal essential medium, containing different fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations, on the proliferation and replicative life span of cultured chick cells has been studied. Our results showed that the rate of chick cell proliferation and the cell density at stationary phase increased as a function of serum concentration between 5 and 30% FBS. The replicative life span of cultured chick cells was dependent on the FBS concentration between 5 and 20% in a medium volume of 0.20 ml/cm2. The maximum replicative life span of chick cells was obtained by serially propagating cells in a medium volume of 0.20 ml/cm2 containing 20 or 30% FBS, or, alternatively, in 0.53 ml/cm2 containing 10, 20 or 30% FBS. Cells grown in medium containing 5% serum had a calendar life span of 35 days, whereas cells propagated in medium containing higher serum concentrations had a calendar life span of 50 days. These results reenforce the concept that, although the kinetics of cell population aging can be affected by the culture medium composition, the aging of cells in culture is controlled by alterations within the cell.
Two-photon temporal focusing for three-dimensional super resolution imaging

This talk will present a method that combines optical sectioning of two-photon temporal focusing with lateral super resolution provided by PALM and a virtual volume imaging technique with resolution better than 20nm in three dimensions.
Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services to inform marine spatial planning

Abstract A central challenge for natural resource management is developing rigorous yet practical approaches for balancing the costs and benefits of diverse human uses of ecosystems. Economic theory has a long history of evaluating tradeoffs in returns from different assets to identify optimal investment strategies. There has been recent progress applying this framework to the delivery of ecosystem services in land use planning. However, despite growing national and international interest in marine spatial planning, there is a lack of parallel frameworks in the marine realm. This paper reviews an ecosystem service tradeoff analysis framework and provides a more comprehensive synthesis for how it can be applied to marine spatial planning and marine ecosystem-based management. A tradeoff analysis approach can reveal inferior management options, demonstrate the benefits of comprehensive planning for multiple, interacting services over managing single services, and identify ‘compatible’ services that provide win–win management options.
Creating an open market for information

Abstract Just a few years ago, the Internet was synonymous with “free good” or “shared commons”. The most recent indication of how much this has changed is Microsoft's bundling of its online services into Windows '95TM. It is generally recognized today that the Internet will be characterized by “mixed economy” which provides a variety of services—some free, some at a cost, some free to specific user communities, some by subscription, and some pay per use. It is also clear that the tools of commerce are being built to allow for commercial exploitation of the information superhighway. Services like “AOL” and “Compuserve” provide a panoply of resources in one stop and bill their customers directly. However, for the Internet to really demonstrate commercial variety will require a third party billing service so that “netsurfers” can pay for stops at small enterprises or large ones when they present desired resources. Libraries too will need such a billing capability, if only to secure intellectual property, or to bill for basic services they now offer, like copying. — C.B.L., Carnegie Mellon University.