cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2413: Human glypican-3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most important cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be an important biological process involved in the development and progression of HCC. The factors driving this process, however, are still largely unclear. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is upregulated in HCC and this is associated with poor prognosis. The details of the biological role of GPC3 in HCC are, however, yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that GPC3 may promote HCC progression by inducing EMT. In this study we have examined the effect of human GPC3 in the progression of HCC using a murine HCC cell line (1MEA) derived from Balb/c mouse. We observed that the 1MEA cell line does not express GPC3 and we stably transfected human GPC3 into this cell line. 1MEA cells stably transfected with human glypican-3 (1MEAhGPC3) were then transplanted subcutaneously into 8 Balb/c mice. In comparison, wild type 1MEA was also transplanted into 8 separate Balb/c mice. Further, we performed a comparative analysis of the gene expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, collagen I, fibronectin, twist, slug and snail in both wild type 1MEA and 1MEAhGPC3. 18 days post-transplantation, tumor volume was analyzed. 5 mice transplanted with wild type 1MEA had not yet developed tumors whereas 3 mice transplanted with 1MEAhGPC3 developed tumors that had grown past the allowed tumor volume for the protocol and were sacrificed. Analysis of the remaining mice (3 transplanted with 1MEA and 5 with 1MEAhGPC3 revealed that tumors from 1MEA were 8-fold more voluminous than tumors from 1MEAhGPC3. Comparative analysis of the gene expression profile of 1MEA versus 1MEAhGPC3 revealed that transfection with hGPC3 had resulted in increased expression of mesenchymal markers (collagen I by 27.5-fold, fibronectin by 18-fold, vimentin by 3-fold), loss of epithelial marker (E-cadherin loss by 99%) and increased expression of transcriptional regulators of EMT (twist by 11.7-fold, slug by 148-fold and snail by 8.7-fold).These data clearly show that hGPC3 promotes HCC progression by inducing EMT in HCC cells. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence that hGPC39s role in HCC is associated with induction of EMT and it suggests that therapeutic targeting of GPC3 in human HCC may be an effective approach to the treatment of advanced HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2413. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2413
Imaging chemical neurotransmission with genetically encoded fluorescent sensors.

A major challenge in neuroscience is to decipher the logic of neural circuitry and to link it to learning, memory, and behavior. Synaptic transmission is a critical event underlying information processing within neural circuitry. In the extracellular space, the concentrations and distributions of excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory neurotransmitters impact signal integration, which in turn shapes and refines the function of neural networks. Thus, the determination of the spatiotemporal relationships between these chemical signals with synaptic resolution in the intact brain is essential to decipher the codes for transferring information across circuitry and systems. Here, we review approaches and probes that have been employed to determine the spatial and temporal extent of neurotransmitter dynamics in the brain. We specifically focus on the design, screening, characterization, and application of genetically encoded indicators directly probing glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter. T...
Commentary: Gender Variance, Dissonance, or Identity Disorder?

The diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) continues to be controversial. Three papers by Hill et al. (2005), Lev (2005), and Winters (2005) each offer a critique of this diagnosis. Drawing from our clinical experience and research with transgender youth and adults as well as the scientific literature on gender dysphoria, we will comment on the main issues raised by these authors: the criteria reflect bias, who needs this diagnosis, and how can we lessen the associated stigma. Our discussion will clarify the rationale behind GID, and illustrate the dilemmas inherent in reform or removal of the diagnosis from the DSM.
Dogmatism and Innovation: A Replication

The need for a replication tradition within marketing research has been strongly emphasized by many researchers, e.g., [4]. The fact that recent studies [1, 2] have attempted to relate dogmatism and innovation proneness but reached opposite conclusions underscores this necessity and provides the basis for the replication. Jacoby [2] presented 60 unmarried, 18to 26-yearold female student volunteers at Purdue University with a set of 5 pictures of similar products and asked each to pick the one she would purchase if given the chance. Among the 15 sets of products, one product in each set was operationally defined as being innovative-a new brand or fashion or a functional change. Three product categories were used: clothing, cosmetics, and miscellaneous. Dogmatism was judged from scores on the Rokeach Dogmatism Test; as predicted, high dogmatics were found to be less innovative than low dogmatics.
Zamenhof and the liberal-communitarian debate

This paper proposes to analyze the early thinking of Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof (1859–1917) in light of the so-called liberal/communitarian debate. In the early 1980s, the debate was launched: On the liberal side were proponents of a liberal self bearing rights, irrespective of identity (John Rawls) and on the communitarian side, champions of communities with prerogatives and purposes (Michael Sandel). But this debate has become in recent years a dialogue, each side challenging the other to assimilate its claims, be they ontological, political, or ethical. This paper argues that, a century earlier, Zamenhof was involved in a similar dialogue between liberalism and communitarianism, inventing a movement that could potentially balance human rights with notions of the good espoused by different communities. The political potential of Esperanto, however, was undermined (though not collapsed) by the Declaration of Boulogne, which eschewed deliberative debate and abjected religious and ethical ideals.
Risk for Sleep Disorder Measured During Students’ First College Semester May Predict Institutional Retention and Grade Point Average Over a 3-Year Period, With Indirect Effects Through Self-Efficacy

The present study used a validated survey to assess freshmen college students’ sleep patterns and risk for sleep disorders and then examined associations with retention and grade point average (GPA) over a 3-year period. Students at risk for a sleep disorder were more likely to leave the institution over the 3-year period, although this association was weakened when covariates were added to the model. Risk for sleep disorder also predicted GPA at the end of Years 1 and 2. Indirect effects emerged through self-efficacy but not depression. When depression and self-efficacy were entered sequentially, a significant indirect effect on GPA emerged through depression followed by motivation in Year 1, but not when the order of mediators was reversed. The data suggested that risk for sleep disorders among freshmen should be considered as a possible modifiable predictor of retention and academic success and that self-efficacy might explain some indirect effects on GPA.
Characterization of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) Variant Activation by Coal Fly Ash Particles and Associations with Altered Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) Expression and Asthma

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are activated by environmental particulate materials. We hypothesized that polymorphic variants of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) would be uniquely responsive to insoluble coal fly ash compared with the prototypical soluble agonist capsaicin. Furthermore, these changes would manifest as differences in lung cell responses to these agonists and perhaps correlate with changes in asthma symptom control. The TRPV1-I315M and -T469I variants were more responsive to capsaicin and coal fly ash. The I585V variant was less responsive to coal fly ash particles due to reduced translation of protein and an apparent role for Ile-585 in activation by particles. In HEK-293 cells, I585V had an inhibitory effect on wild-type TRPV1 expression, activation, and internalization/agonist-induced desensitization. In normal human bronchial epithelial cells, IL-8 secretion in response to coal fly ash treatment was reduced for cells heterozygous for TRPV1-I585V. Finally, both the I315M and I585V variants were associated with worse asthma symptom control with the effects of I315M manifesting in mild asthma and those of the I585V variant manifesting in severe, steroid-insensitive individuals. This effect may be due in part to increased transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) expression by lung epithelial cells expressing the TRPV1-I585V variant. These findings suggest that specific molecular interactions control TRPV1 activation by particles, differential activation, and desensitization of TRPV1 by particles and/or other agonists, and cellular changes in the expression of TRPA1 as a result of I585V expression could contribute to variations in asthma symptom control.
Using self-report surveys at the beginning of service to develop multi-outcome risk models for new soldiers in the U.S. Army.

Background The U.S. Army uses universal preventives interventions for several negative outcomes (e.g. suicide, violence, sexual assault) with especially high risks in the early years of service. More intensive interventions exist, but would be cost-effective only if targeted at high-risk soldiers. We report results of efforts to develop models for such targeting from self-report surveys administered at the beginning of Army service. Methods 21 832 new soldiers completed a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) in 2011–2012 and consented to link administrative data to SAQ responses. Penalized regression models were developed for 12 administratively-recorded outcomes occurring by December 2013: suicide attempt, mental hospitalization, positive drug test, traumatic brain injury (TBI), other severe injury, several types of violence perpetration and victimization, demotion, and attrition. Results The best-performing models were for TBI (AUC = 0.80), major physical violence perpetration (AUC = 0.78), sexual assault perpetration (AUC = 0.78), and suicide attempt (AUC = 0.74). Although predicted risk scores were significantly correlated across outcomes, prediction was not improved by including risk scores for other outcomes in models. Of particular note: 40.5% of suicide attempts occurred among the 10% of new soldiers with highest predicted risk, 57.2% of male sexual assault perpetrations among the 15% with highest predicted risk, and 35.5% of female sexual assault victimizations among the 10% with highest predicted risk. Conclusions Data collected at the beginning of service in self-report surveys could be used to develop risk models that define small proportions of new soldiers accounting for high proportions of negative outcomes over the first few years of service.
Impact of the second semester University Modeling Instruction course on students’ representation choices

Modeling instruction in introductory physics increases the number and variety of representations that student use.
Ecological Validity in the Critical Care Environment: Closing the Loop on Evidence Based Medicine

The lifecycle of patient care innovations often begins with clinicians making practical observations at their patients' bedside, reflecting on physiologic principles, and considering “How could we do this better?” The most promising ideas emerge from this real-world environment and travel
Correction to: Characterization of bone morphology in CCN5/WISP2 knockout mice.

Author(s): Jiang, Jie; Zhao, Gexin; Lyons, Karen M | Abstract: In the original publication's title CCN5/WISP5 should have been CCN5/WISP2.
Professional Practice: Using Case Studies in Information Literacy Instruction Towards Career Readiness

The potential of case-based learning, or the use of case studies for information literacy instruction is explored within the context of information literacy for workplace readiness. Taking a constructivist approach, students were asked to use their professional experience to analyze a case study for information needs and resources, and then create a recommendation based on this evaluation. Student learning was assessed through similar reflective prompts applied to their own wine business plan. Using qualitative content analysis, reflections demonstrated students were able to use diverse information sources to apply to complex information needs, mirroring the complex information environment of the modern workplace. Results indicate case-based learning has value for information literacy for career readiness.
Using Brief Guided Imagery to Reduce Math Anxiety and Improve Math Performance: A Pilot Study

The objective of this study was to investigate whether brief guided imagery could reduce math anxiety and improve math performance. Undergraduates (N = 581) were screened for math anxiety, and the highest and lowest quartiles were recruited to participate in a lab-based study. Participants were assigned to a brief guided imagery or control condition, and math performance, visual working memory, and math anxiety were assessed. Math anxiety decreased from pre to post across both conditions, but not specifically as an effect of the brief guided imagery. There was no increase in math performance as a result of the intervention. Brief guided imagery does not appear to reduce math anxiety and improve math performance when compared to a control condition.
Families that play together stay together: Investigating family bonding through video games:

Video games have been a major form of people’s entertainment, and they have entered people’s family life. However, what we know about the effects of video games on family relationships is still rare. This study investigated the effects of video game co-playing among family members on family satisfaction and family closeness. In total, 361 parents recruited from Amazon Turk completed online questionnaires. The results showed that the more frequently family members play video games together, the better family satisfaction and family closeness they have. Families with poor family communication benefit more from co-playing than those with effective family communication. Family satisfaction mediated the relationship between video game co-playing and family closeness. Game features that facilitate family relationships were discovered through open-ended questions. Participants typically enjoyed playing video games with family members, and social benefits are the most salient in family settings.
ANC2Go: A Web Application for Customized Corpus Creation

We describe a web application called ANC2Go that enables the user to select data from the Open American National Corpus (OANC) and the Manually Annotated Sub-corpus (MASC) together with some or all of the annotations available. The user also may select from among a variety of options for output format, or may receive the selected portions of the corpus and annotations in their original GrAF XML standoff format.. The request is processed by merging the annotations selected and rendering them in the desired output format, then bundling the results and making it available for download. Thus, users can create a customized corpus with data and annotations of their choosing, delivered in the format that is most convenient for their use. ANC2Go will be released as a web service in the near future. Both the OANC and MASC are freely available for any use from the American National Corpus website and may be accessed through the ANC2Go application, or they may downloaded in their entirety.
Comparative Protein Quality as Measured by Human and Small Animal Bioassays of Three Lines of Winter Wheat

Incomplete information on factors contributing to apparent protein quality and to value of food products as sources of protein and how these factors interact necessitate the use of bioassay procedures. Ideally bioassay procedures should be done using the animal speciesfor which the protein is intended. Practical considerations dictate the use of small animal bioassay rather than human bioassays for routine use in protein product evaluation. To be of real value for assays of food products designed for human use, animal bioassays must accurately predict human performance. Surprisingly little information is available on this topic.
Improving Response Rates and Representation of Hard-to-Reach Groups in Family Experience Surveys

A bstract Objective Most US hospitals conduct patient experience surveys by mail or telephone after discharge to assess patient/family centeredness of care. Pediatric response rates are usually very low, especially for black, Latino, and low-income respondents. We investigated whether day of discharge surveying using tablets improves response rates and respondent representativeness. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study of parents of patients discharged from 4 units of a children's hospital. Parents were assigned to receive the Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) via an audio-enabled tablet before discharge or via mail at approximately 1 week postdischarge. Intervention and control conditions alternated by week. We compared response rates, child/respondent characteristics, and mean top-box scores between tablet and mail only arms. Results Administering Child HCAHPS on a tablet was administratively feasible and did not interfere with the discharge process (median completion time, 12.4 minutes). The response rate was 71.1% (424 of 596) for tablet versus 16.3% (96 of 588) for mail only. Although the tablet response rate was higher in every subgroup, tablet respondents were more likely to be fathers (20.4% vs 6.4%; P = .006), more likely to have a high school education or less (17.5% vs 8.4%; P = .002), less likely to be white (56.8% vs 71.9%; P = .006), and more likely to be publicly insured (31.4% vs 19.8%; P = .02). Tablet scores were significantly higher than mail only scores for 3 of 17 measures. Conclusions The response rate for day of discharge tablet survey administration was >4-fold higher than with single-wave mail-only administration, with greater participation of hard-to-reach groups. These findings suggest tablet administration before discharge shows great promise for real-time feedback and QI and may transform the field of inpatient survey administration.
The More Things Change, the More Things Stay the Same: Race, Ethnicity, and Police Brutality.

The author discusses research suggesting that the risk of being killed in a violent interaction with police in the U.S. depends on idiosyncratic circumstances and individuals' choices in addition to the interplay between one's race or ethnicity and the contextual environment in which policing occurs.
The Relationship between Quality of Life, Activity and Participation among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between quality of life, activity, and participation in 93 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a primary care center. Moderately strong c...
Abstract 321: RBFOX2 is critical for maintaining alternative polyadenylation patterns in cardiomyoblasts

Background: The RNA binding protein RBFOX2 is implicated in human heart diseases. However, RBFOX2-regulated RNA networks are not well defined. RBFOX2 has a well-characterized role in alternative sp...
Crouching Fox, Hidden Eagle: Drug trafficking and transnational security – A perspective from the Tijuana-San Diego border

The combination of mobilizingfor homeland protection and conducting amajor military campaign in Afghanistanunderscores the profound securityimplications of drug trafficking. In thecase of Mexico, drug smuggling has evolvedunder the influence of several dynamics,and has become particularly threatening tothe state and society in the last ten totwenty years with the cocaine boom. Thehistoric ability of the Mexican politicalsystem to manage corruption has diminishedif not collapsed as cartels have largelymoved from a relationship of symbiosis withand subordination to the authorities to oneof dominance and intimidation of them. TheUS has facilitated this process in severalunfortunate ways beyond enormous drugdemand. Recent developments, including amore constructive relationship between theUS and Mexico following the elections ofFox and then Bush, offer some hope that thefuture of Mexico will follow the successesof the anti-mafia campaign in Italy morethan the ongoing disaster of theanti-guerrilla campaign in Colombia.
Discussion: Development of postsynaptic potentials recorded from immature neurons in kitten visual cortex.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) during the onset of rapid synaptic development in kitten visual cortex. It presents an experiment in which all kittens were subjected under either gas or short-acting barbiturate anesthesia, and were subsequently administered with local anesthesia, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Eyelids were separated and retracted by means of a polyethylene cylinder with a flared base, which was inserted under the eyelids. Light was introduced into the retina by means of a Maxwellian view system and the entire retina was illuminated. It was found that the intracellular recording from these immature cortical neurons was difficult and the stimulation parameters did not vary to any significant degree. It also found these neurons to be extremely fragile and difficult to impale for long periods of time.
Catalytic Reductive Aldol and Mannich Reactions of Enone, Acrylate, and Vinyl Heteroaromatic Pronucleophiles

Catalytic reductive coupling of enone, acrylate, or vinyl heteroaromatic pronucleophiles with carbonyl or imine partners offers an alternative to base-mediated enolization in aldol- and Mannich-type reactions. In this review, direct catalytic reductive aldol and Mannich reactions are exhaustively catalogued on the basis of metal or organocatalyst. Stepwise processes involving enone conjugate reduction to form discrete enol or (metallo)enolate derivatives followed by introduction of carbonyl or imine electrophiles and aldol reactions initiated via enone conjugate addition are not covered.
Application of Community Detection Algorithms on Social Internet-of-things Networks

The Internet-of-things (IoT) networks are witnessing a drastic increase over the years. Twenty billion devices connected to the Internet are expected in 2022. The need for identifying communities within such networks can serve as a strong complexity reduction mean for many discovery and identification services. The idea of communities in IoT networks is also motivated by the emerging concept of socializing IoT devices. In this paper, we investigate the application of two community detection algorithms, namely Louvain and Bron-Kerbosch algorithms, on IoT networks usually represented by large-scale graphs. The objective is to convert the complex IoT network into multiple overlapping and non-overlapping communities where its elements share common characteristics. Starting from a real-world IoT networks, we use its dataset to extract community-structured IoT network based on different types of relationships such as co-location, owner social relationships, and autonomously build object relationships among objects. Our analysis showcases how community detection algorithms structure the IoT network into communities based on the different relationships established between objects.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Other REM Parasomnias in Women

Parasomnias are unwanted physical events, experiences, and autonomic nervous system activity that occur during sleep or during sleep-wake transitions. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia where the normal REM atonia is diminished or absent, with release of dream enactment behavior. RBD is more common in men, however it is not rare in women and needs to be considered in cases of sleep related injury. It is important to recognize the unique features of RBD and the relationships to neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, REM parasomnias are treatable with the proper identification and treatment of underlying co-morbid sleep disorders, the discontinuation of inducing agents, as well as the judicious use of pharmacotherapy and environmental modification.
Evaluation of internal reference genes in Auxenochlorella protothecoides under continuous heterotrophic culture conditions at normal, low and high temperatures

Abstract Real-time reverse quantitative transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is a commonly used method for gene expression analysis. However, the accuracy of RT-qPCR analysis greatly depends on the stability of the reference genes selected for data normalization. Unfortunately, there have been no systematic evaluation studies on reference genes in the unicellular green alga Auxenochlorella protothecoides. Ten genes (ACT, COX6B, CYB5R4, EF1α, GAPDH, rbcL, RPL19, RPL32, RPS10 and TUA) were chosen as candidate reference genes. The expression stability of each reference gene was determined by applying geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and comprehensive ranking based on geomean ranking values. In order to validate the suitability and reliability of the candidate reference genes selected for data normalization, two key functional genes related to lipid metabolism were also selected as target genes. The results revealed that RPL32 was the most stably expressed and suitable reference genes under all experimental conditions of the analyses; CYB5R4 was also a suitable reference gene under continuous heterotrophic culture condition, and RPL19 was top-ranked and stably expressed under both low and high temperature stress. These results provided a list of suitable reference genes for accurate normalization of heterotrophic A. protothecoides time-course samples under different temperature stress in qPCR experiments. This study will be of very great reference value to assess the stability of candidate reference genes in other heterotrophically grown algae.
Characterizing reasoning about fraction arithmetic of middle grades teachers in three latent classes

We analyzed item responses provided by a nationwide sample of 990 in-service U.S. middle grades mathematics teachers to a novel survey focused on fraction arithmetic. The survey targeted four compo...
Core-collapse supernova neutrino emission and detection informed by state-of-The-Art three-dimensional numerical models

Based on our recent three-dimensional core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations including both exploding and non-exploding models, we study the detailed neutrino signals in representative terrestrial neutrino observatories, Super-Kamiokande (Hyper-Kamiokande), DUNE, JUNO, and IceCube. We find that the physical origin of difference in the neutrino signals between 1D and 3D is mainly proto-neutron-star (PNS) convection. We study the temporal and angular variations of the neutrino signals and discuss the detectability of the time variations driven by the spiral Standing Accretion Shock Instability (spiral SASI) when it emerges for non-exploding models. In addition, we determine that there can be a large angular asymmetry in the event rate ($\gtrsim 50 \%$), but that the time-integrated signal has a relatively modest asymmetry ($\lesssim 20 \%$). Both features are associated with the lepton-number emission self-sustained asymmetry (LESA) and the spiral SASI. Moreover, our analysis suggests that there is an interesting correlation between the total neutrino energy (TONE) and the cumulative number of neutrino events in each detector, a correlation that can facilitate data analyses of real observations. We demonstrate the retrieval of neutrino energy spectra for all flavors of neutrino by applying a novel spectrum reconstruction technique to the data from multiple detectors. We find that this new method is capable of estimating the TONE within the error of $\sim$20\% if the distance to the CCSN is $\lesssim 6$ kpc.
A Graph Theoretic Approach to Power System Vulnerability Identification

During major power system disturbances, when multiple component outages occur in rapid succession, it becomes crucial to quickly identify the transmission interconnections that have limited power transfer capability. Understanding the impact of an outage on these critical interconnections (called saturated cut-sets) is important for enhancing situational awareness and taking correct actions. This paper proposes a new graph theoretic approach for analyzing whether a contingency will create a saturated cut-set in a meshed power network. A novel feature of the proposed algorithm is that it lowers the solution time significantly making the approach viable for real-time operations. It also indicates the minimum amount by which the power transfer through the critical interconnections should be reduced so that post-contingency saturation does not occur. Robustness of the proposed algorithm for enhanced situational awareness is demonstrated using the IEEE-118 bus system as well as a 17,000+ bus model of the Western Interconnection (WI). Comparisons made with different approaches for power system vulnerability assessment prove the utility of the proposed scheme for aiding power system operations during extreme exigencies.
LC-MS characterization of antibody-based therapeutics: recent highlights and future prospects

Abstract Antibody-based therapeutics constitute a major growth area in medicine today. However, antibodies as drugs present significant analytical challenges as they are large, complex and heterogenous molecules produced in living cells. The key attributes that affect safety, stability and efficacy must be identified and controlled to ensure regulatory compliance. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful analytical technology that is well suited to the task of analyzing antibody-based therapeutics. LC-MS is used to characterize antibody features ranging from the relatively simple (e.g. intact molecular weight determination and post-translational modification analysis) to the complex (e.g., higher order structure analysis and epitope identification). Few other analytical technologies are as versatile as LC-MS for monitoring a wide range of attributes or as capable of keeping pace with the innovation happening today in biotherapeutic design. In this chapter we will provide an overview of the LC-MS methods currently used for the characterization of antibody-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on the analysis of post-translational modifications. We will also highlight some recent innovations, new technologies and trends that are likely to significantly impact the manner in which antibody-based therapeutics are analyzed in the future.
Emotional Labor During Disaster Coverage: Exploring Expectations for Emotional Display

Journalists are among the many professionals whose daily work involves emotional labor, or the manipulation of their emotions in front of others, in orderto do their jobs. This study explored the t...
The Antibiotic Peptide Daptomycin Functions by Reorganizing the Membrane

The mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide daptomycin is reviewed and discussed. Daptomycin is a last-resort antibiotic in current use against drug-resistant bacterial infections. Many models have been proposed for its function, most based on the observation that it increases membrane permeability and causes leakage of contents, such as ions and small molecules from bacterial cells and lipid vesicles. However, daptomycin is actually not efficient at permeabilizing or translocating across membranes, contrary to many well-known antimicrobial peptides. There is strong evidence that daptomycin binds preferentially to membranes in active division regions of bacterial cells and that it causes large membrane reorganization in terms of the distribution of lipids and proteins, both in cells and in model membranes. Those observations support the alternative hypothesis for the mechanism of daptomycin that its primary effect is in inducing membrane reorganization and that other events, such as increased membrane leakage and depolarization, are secondary consequences, not essential to its function.
Predictive Accuracy of a Polygenic Risk Score for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery.

BACKGROUND Postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF) remains a significant risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. The ability to accurately identify patients at risk through clinical risk factors is limited. There is growing evidence that polygenic risk contributes significantly to PoAF and incorporating measures of genetic risk could enhance prediction. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 1047 patients of White European ancestry who underwent either coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery at a tertiary academic center and were free from a history or persistent preoperative atrial fibrillation. The primary outcome was defined as PoAF based on postoperative ECG reports, medical record documentation, and changes in medication. The exposure was a polygenic risk score (PRS) comprising 2746 single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with atrial fibrillation risk. The prediction of PoAF risk was assessed using measures of model discrimination, calibration, and net reclassification improvement. RESULTS A total of 259 patients (24.7%) developed PoAF. The PRS was significantly associated with a higher risk for PoAF (odds ratio, 1.63 per SD increase in PRS [95% CI, 1.41-1.90]). Addition of PRS to patient- and procedure-related predictors of PoAF significantly increased the C statistic from 0.742 to 0.782 (change in C statistic, 0.040 [95% CI, 0.021-0.060]) while maintaining good calibration. The addition of the PRS to patient- and procedure-related predictors of PoAF improved model fit (likelihood ratio test, P=2.8×10-15) and significantly improved measures of reclassification (net reclassification improvement, 0.158 [95% CI, 0.066-0.274]). CONCLUSIONS The PRS for PoAF was associated with improved discrimination, calibration, and risk reclassification compared with conventional clinical predictors suggesting that a PoAF PRS may enhance risk prediction of PoAF in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery.
Metabolically Healthy/Unhealthy Overweight/Obesity Associations With Incident Heart Failure in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF); however, how metabolic weight groups relate to HF risk, especially in postmenopausal women, has not been demonstrated...
A longitudinal course pilot to improve surgical resident acquisition of quality improvement skills.

PROBLEM: Despite mounting evidence that incorporation of QI curricula into surgical trainee education improves morbidity and outcomes, surgery training programs lack standardized QI curricula and tools to measure QI knowledge. In the current study, we developed, implemented, and evaluated a quality improvement curriculum for surgical residents. INTERVENTION: Surgical trainees participated in a longitudinal, year-long (2019-2020) curriculum based on the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's online program. Online curriculum was supplemented with in person didactics and small group projects. Acquisition of skills was assessed pre- and post- course via self-report on a Likert scale as well as the Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool (QIKAT). Self-efficacy scores were assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale. 9 out of 18 total course participants completed the post course survey. This first course cohort was analyzed as a pilot for future work. CONTEXT: The project was developed and deployed among surgical residents during their research/lab year. Teams of surgical residents were partnered with a faculty project mentor, as well as non-physician teammates for project work. IMPACT: Participation in the QI course significantly increased skills related to studying the process (p = 0.0463), making changes in a system (p = 0.0167), identifying whether a change leads to an improvement (p = 0.0039), using small cycles of change (p = 0.0000), identifying best practices and comparing them to local practices (p = 0.0020), using PDSA model as a systematic framework for trial and learning (p = 0.0004), identifying how data is linked to specific processes (p = 0.0488), and building the next improvement cycle upon success or failure (p = 0.0316). There was also a significant improvement in aim (p = 0.037) and change (p = 0.029) responses to one QIKAT vignette. LESSONS LEARNED: We describe the effectiveness of a pilot longitudinal, multi component QI course based on the IHI online curriculum in improving surgical trainee knowledge and use of key QI skills.
Algebraic curves and one-dimensional fields

Algebraic Preliminaries From algebra to geometry Geometry of dimension one Divisors and line bundles Vector bundles, coherent sheaves, and cohomology Vector bundles on $\mathbb{P}^{1}$ General theory of curves Elliptic curves The Riemann-Roch theorem Curves over arithmetic fields Bibliography Index.
Validity evidence based on testing consequences.

Background: Large-scale educational assessments in the U.S. are used as policy tools for improving instruction and evaluating educational programs and the effectiveness of educators. Because of the high-stakes nature of their use, it is imperative that validity evidence based on testing consequences is obtained to support their multiple purposes. Method: A comprehensive review of the literature related to validity evidence for test use was conducted. Results: A theory of action for a testing program should be delineated. A theory of action reflects an interpretative and use argument and a validity argument for assessment programs and delineates the purposes and uses of the system as well as the outcomes of the system. The articulation of a validity argument allows for the accumulation of evidence not only for, but also against, intended score interpretations and uses. Conclusions: As described in the paper, for assessment and accountability systems that are intended to have an effect on both instruction and student learning, the consequences, both positive and negative, of the systems need to be evaluated.
Bowen's disease of shaft of penis: Successful Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil☆

Abstract Bowen's disease is a precancerous lesion of the superficial layers of the skin. The topical application of 5 Fluorouracil has been successfully used in the treatment of such lesions. An unusual case of Bowen's disease of the skin of the penile shaft treated successfully with topical 5 fluorouracil is presented along with a review of different modes of treatment.
Advanced phased array design for microwave landing systems

Raytheon developed two advanced C-band (5.05-5.09 GHz) phased arrays (AZ and EL antennas) having 1 deg beamwidths for CAT III MLS applications for the FAA. The antennas were developed by Interscan under a subcontract to Raytheon. Raytheon developed the MMIC phase shifters, beam steering architecture, monitoring, mechanical interfaces and frangible shelter. Significant features of these antennas include invar support structure, frangibility, wind isolation shelter, integral and near field monitoring, bit wiggle calibration, and phase cycling.
Purification and Characterization of Flavodoxin from Peptostreptococcus elsdenii

Abstract Flavodoxin has been crystallized from Peptostreptococcus elsdenii grown at low iron concentrations. The properties of this protein are similar to those of flavodoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum. It has a molecular weight of about 15,000 and contains 1 molecule of flavin mononucleotide per molecule of protein. It does not contain labile sulfide or iron. It lacks the amino acid histidine. Ferredoxin and flavodoxin are interchangeable in the oxidation of pyruvate by extracts of P. elsdenii from media either high or low in iron, and in the phosphoroclastic reaction of C. pasteurianum. On a molar basis flavodoxin is somewhat less effective than ferredoxin in these systems. Flavodoxin is reduced by light irradiation in the presence of EDTA and an intermediate having a spectrum characteristic of flavin neutral semiquinone is generated. The rate and extent of reduction are pH-dependent. The spectrum of the semiquinone is unaffected at high pH and by high concentrations of urea. The extinction coefficient of oxidized flavodoxin at 445 mµ is 10,200 m-1 cm-1. The extinction coefficient of flavodoxin semiquinone at 580 mµ is 4,500 m-1 cm-1.
NOVAE GESNERIACEAE NEOTROPICARUM XIX: A third, new species of the elusive Anetanthus found in Guyana

A new species of Anetanthus (Gesneriaceae) is described from Guyana as A. disjuncta . A discussion of the known species is provided as well as a key to the known taxa.
Within-class covariance normalization for SVM-based speaker recognition.

This paper extends the within-class covariance normalization (WCCN) technique described in [1, 2] for training generalized linear kernels. We describe a practical procedure for applying WCCN to an SVM-based speaker recognition system where the input feature vectors reside in a high-dimensional space. Our approach involves using principal component analysis (PCA) to split the original feature space into two subspaces: a low-dimensional “PCA space” and a high-dimensional “PCA-complement space.” After performing WCCN in the PCA space, we concatenate the resulting feature vectors with a weighted version of their PCAcomplements. When applied to a state-of-the-art MLLR-SVM speaker recognition system, this approach achieves improvements of up to 22% in EER and 28% in minimum decision cost function (DCF) over our previous baseline. We also achieve substantial improvements over an MLLR-SVM system that performs WCCN in the PCA space but discards the PCA-complement.
The Point Process Paradox: Where Should We Extend the Conversation?

Abstract The law of total probability is perhaps one of the most commonly used devices for making probability assessments. The purpose of this note is to show that a cavalier attitude toward the issue of where to invoke this law can lead to incorrect answers. This case is made by considering a simple example involving the scenario of a Poisson point process. Our thesis is that in addition to the rules of probability, there is another hidden rule to which probability assessors should pay attention.
Study of the fracture toughness and fracture morphology of polybenzimidazole

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a relatively new polymeric material exhibiting unusual properties that are attributable to its aromatic-heterocyclic monomer structure. Owing to its high strength, stiffness and excellent stability in hostile chemical and thermal environments, PBI is being used increasingly in critical applications. As a result, understanding the failure mechanisms of the material is vital. This paper presents the results of a study of the fracture toughness and fracture morphology of polybenzimidazole. The standard compact tension specimen was used as the basic experimental specimen in this study. The fracture tests were performed in an Instron tensile testing machine. The effects of varying the loading rate, and the ratio of the initial crack length,a, to the ligament length,W, were investigated. The fracture surface morphology was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results of this study indicate that the precracking technique significantly affects the measured fracture toughness. Also, an increase in the loading rate causes a significant decrease in fracture toughness. Examination of the fracture morphology reveals that PBI fracture surfaces exhibit many of the characteristics expected of a tough engineering plastic.
The primary visual system of the rat: A primer of its anatomy

The present review is concerned with the anatomy of the primary visual system of the rat. Of principal concern is the pigmented and the albino varieties which are commonly used for behavioral research. Data from other rodents are considered only when necessary to provide a more complete description. While the review is primarily directed toward a description of the anatomy of the eye and retina, the optic nerves and tracts, the lateral geniculate nuclei, the superior colliculi, and the visual neocortex, selected electrophysiological data are also considered to complement the description.
Perceptual mode and cardiac conditioning.

Conditional heart rate responses were measured for field-dependent and field-independent subjects. The conditional stimulus (CS) was a colored light and the unconditional stimulus (US) was an electric shock delivered to the finger. The CS-US interval was 10 sec. The field-independent subjects demonstrated an initial cardiac acceleration followed by a cardiac deceleration, whereas the field-dependent subjects showed only the cardiac deceleration. When these data are compared with the previously reported galvanic skin response (GSR) data, a model of sympathetic-parasympathetic reactivity is evolved wherein the field-independent group shows both conditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic activity, while the field-dependent group shows only parasympathetic activity.
Embryonic expression patterns of Xenopus syndecans

Syndecans are a family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. To investigate the roles of syndecans in early development, we identified three syndecan family members in Xenopus laevis: Xsyn-1, Xsyn-2, and Xsyn-3. Xsyn-1 and Xsyn-2 are maternal mRNAs localized to the animal pole in blastulae, and are expressed in the ectoderm of gastrulae. In neurulae, Xsyn-1 is restricted to non-neural ectoderm and Xsyn-2 is restricted to neural ectoderm. In tailbud embryos, the three syndecans are expressed in adjacent, non-overlapping patterns. Xsyn-2 is expressed in the heart while Xsyn-1 is expressed in the underlying anterior endoderm. Xsyn-3 is expressed in the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, while Xsyn-2 is expressed in the intervening regions. These results suggest that different members of the syndecan family have distinct developmental roles, perhaps acting as barriers to define tissue boundaries.
A random matrix model from two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory

We use fat graphs to give a unified treatment of various asymptotic freeness results. In particular, a random matrix model from two dimensional Yang-Mills Theory on the plane is presented.
Measurement of the neutrino mass using the inner bremsstrahlung emitted in the electron-capture decay of 163Ho.

An experimental investigation of the spectrum of x rays emitted in the electron-capture decay of $^{163}\mathrm{Ho}$ is described. The data obtained are analyzed to determine their sensitivity to the value of the neutrino mass. At a 95% confidence level, an upper limit of 225 eV is set for the electron neutrino mass. No evidence for a finite value is found. Using available photon detectors, further improvements of this result are severely limited by uncertainties in atomic interference effects inherent to the decay.