cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF DELTA OPIOID RECEPTORS IN THE ANXIOLYTIC ACTIONS OF BENZODIAZEPINES

The anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines appear to involve opioid processes in the amygdala. In previous experiments, overexpression of enkephalin in the amygdala enhanced the anxiolytic actions of the benzodiazepine agonist diazepam in the elevated plus maze. The effects of systemically administered diazepam are also blocked by injections of naltrexone into the central nucleus of the amygdala. The current studies investigated the role of delta opioid receptors in the anxiety-related effects of diazepam. Three days following bilateral stereotaxic injections of viral vectors containing cDNA encoding proenkephalin or β-galactosidase (control vector), the delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (10 mg/kg, s.c.) attenuated the enhanced anxiolytic effects of 1–2 mg/kg diazepam in rats overexpressing preproenkephalin in the amygdala. Despite this effect, naltrindole failed to attenuate the anxiolytic action of higher diazepam doses (3 mg/kg) in animals with normal amygdalar enkephalin expression. Similarly, the mu opioid receptor antagonist, β-funaltrexamine (20mg/kg, sc), had no effect on the anxiolytic effect of diazepam alone. These data support a role for delta opioid receptors in the opioid-enhanced anxiolytic effects of diazepam.
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Mutants Defective in Glycosaminoglycan Assembly and Glucuronosyltransferase I

The proteoglycans of animal cells typically contain one or more heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate chains. These glycosaminoglycans assemble on a tetrasaccharide primer, -GlcAbeta1, 3Galbeta1,3Galbeta1,4Xylbeta-O-, attached to specific serine residues in the core protein. Studies of Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in the first or second enzymes of the pathway (xylosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase I) show that the assembly of the primer occurs by sequential transfer of single monosaccharide residues from the corresponding high energy nucleotide sugar donor to the non-reducing end of the growing chain. In order to study the other reactions involved in linkage tetrasaccharide assembly, we have devised a powerful selection method based on induced resistance to a mitotoxin composed of basic fibroblast growth factor-saporin. One class of mutants does not incorporate 35SO4 and [6-3H]GlcN into glycosaminoglycan chains. Incubation of these cells with naphthol-beta-D-xyloside (Xylbeta-O-Np) resulted in accumulation of linkage region intermediates containing 1 or 2 mol of galactose (Galbeta1, 4Xylbeta-O-Np and Galbeta1, 3Galbeta1, 4Xylbeta-O-Np) and sialic acid (Siaalpha2,3Galbeta1, 3Galbeta1, 4Xylbeta-O-Np) but not any GlcA-containing oligosaccharides. Extracts of the mutants completely lacked UDP-glucuronic acid:Galbeta1,3Gal-R glucuronosyltransferase (GlcAT-I) activity, as measured by the transfer of GlcA from UDP-GlcA to Galbeta1,3Galbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol (<0.2 versus 3.6 pmol/min/mg). The mutation most likely lies in the structural gene encoding GlcAT-I since transfection of the mutant with a cDNA for GlcAT-I completely restored enzyme activity and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. These findings suggest that a single GlcAT effects the biosynthesis of common linkage region of both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Use of air permeability to estimate infiltrability of frozen soil

Abstract Infiltration rates in frozen soil may be extremely low due to pore blockage by ice, leading to accelerated runoff and erosion. It is difficult to test models of ice blockage effects during infiltration of water because both infiltrating water and resident ice undergo phase changes. We used air permeability, which can be measured without phase changes, to test the applicability of currently used soil hydraulic models to the simulation of ice blockage effects. We confirmed that Darcy's equation described air flow for both dry and moist soil conditions. It was then shown that a combination of the van Genuchten soil-water retention equation (M.Th. van Genuchten, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44 (1980) 892) and Mualem's (Y. Mualem, Water Resour. Res., 12 (1976) 513) hydraulic conductivity model, modified to account for the presence of trapped air, described the air permeability of unfrozen soils over a range of soil-water contents. However, when this model was extended to frozen soils, the measured reduction in air permeability in frozen soil was much greater than the model predicted. It appears that hydraulic models can be used to describe the conductivity of the air-filled porosity but that processes other than expansion of water when frozen, possibly internal redistribution of water, affect the conductivity of the air-filled porosity. Until freezing processes are better understood, calculations of infiltration based on soil water content alone are subject to large errors.
Analysis and mitigation of process variation impacts on Power-Attack Tolerance

Embedded cryptosystems show increased vulnerabilities to implementation attacks such as power analysis. CMOS technology trends are causing increased process variations which impact the data-dependent power of deep submicron cryptosystem designs. In this paper, we use Monte Carlo methods in SPICE circuit simulations to analyze the statistical properties of the data-dependent power with predictive 45nm CMOS device and ITRS process variation models. In addition to the "measurement to disclosure" (MTD) used in [3], we define a lower level metric, Power-Attack Tolerance (PAT), to model both dynamic power and leakage power data-dependence. We show that the PAT of a typical cryptographic component implementation using CMOS standard-cells can significantly deteriorate due to process variations, thus increasing the component's vulnerability to power attacks. Power-attack-resistant logic styles (e.g. SABL [9]) have been developed which increase PAT by an order of magnitude by balancing power consumption at the gate level with considerable overhead. However in the presence of process variations, the degradation probability of MTD is 57%. To mitigate this problem, we demonstrate a transistor sizing optimization method that can reduce such negative impacts to only 18% with minimal power and area overhead.
Effects of altered osmolality on respiration and morphology of mitochondria from the developing brain

— The effects of altered osmolality on respiration and fine structure were studied in isolated cerebral mitochondria from mature rats (60-100 days of age) and from rat pups in the first month of postnatal life (5, 10, 20 and 30 days). In the mature cerebral mitochondria, ADP-dependent respiration was inhibited in media of decreased osmolality. There was a transient inhibition of ADP-dependent respiration and a sustained increase in ADP-independent respiration in media of increased osmolality. In contrast, cerebral mitochondria from 5-day-old rats showed both inhibition of ADP-dependent respiration and increased ADP-independent respiration in hypo-osmolal media. In these mitochondria, inhibition of ADP-dependent respiration was stable and ADP-independent respiration was unchanged in media of increased osmolality. The transition to the mature respiratory response occurring with altered osmolality took place between 10 and 30 days of age. During this same age period, cerebral mitochondria showed an increasing resistance to matrix condensation in media of normal and increased osmolality.
Runtime Behavior Adaptation for Real-Time Interactive Games

Intelligent agents working in real-time domains need to adapt to changing circumstance so that they can improve their performance and avoid their mistakes. AI agents designed for interactive games, however, typically lack this ability. Game agents are traditionally implemented using static, hand-authored behaviors or scripts that are brittle to changing world dynamics and cause a break in player experience when they repeatedly fail. Furthermore, their static nature causes a lot of effort for the game designers as they have to think of all imaginable circumstances that can be encountered by the agent. The problem is exacerbated as state-of-the-art computer games have huge decision spaces, interactive users, and real-time performance that make the problem of creating AI approaches for these domains harder. In this paper, we address the issue of nonadaptivity of game playing agents in complex real-time domains. The agents carry out runtime adaptation of their behavior sets by monitoring and reasoning about their behavior execution to dynamically carry out revisions on the behaviors. The behavior adaptation approaches have been instantiated in two real-time interactive game domains. The evaluation results show that the agents in the two domains successfully adapt themselves by revising their behavior sets appropriately.
Line search and gradient method for solving constrained optimization problems

The problem of optimizing functionals with linear or orthogonal constraints arises in many applications in engineering and applied sciences. In this paper, a unified framework involving constrained optimization using gradient descent in conjunction with exact or approximate line search is developed. In this framework, the optimality conditions are enforced at each step while optimizing along the direction of the gradient of the Lagrangian of the problem. Among many applications, this paper proposes learning algorithms which extract principal and minor components, reduced rank Wiener filter, and the first few minimum or maximum singular vectors of rectangular matrices. The main attraction of these algorithms is that they are matrix inverse free and thus are computationally efficient for large dimensional problems.
Human topological task adapted for rats: Spatial information processes of the parietal cortex

Human research has shown that lesions of the parietal cortex disrupt spatial information processing, specifically topological information. Similar findings have been found in non-humans. It has been difficult to determine homologies between human and non-human mnemonic mechanisms for spatial information processing because methodologies and neuropathology differ. The first objective of the present study was to adapt a previously established human task for rats. The second objective was to better characterize the role of parietal cortex (PC) and dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) for topological spatial information processing. Rats had to distinguish whether a ball inside a ring or a ball outside a ring was the correct, rewarded object. After rats reached criterion on the task (>95%) they were randomly assigned to a lesion group (control, PC, and dHPC). Animals were then re-tested. Post-surgery data show that controls were 94% correct on average, dHPC rats were 89% correct on average, and PC rats were 56% correct on average. The results from the present study suggest that the parietal cortex, but not the dHPC processes topological spatial information. The present data are the first to support comparable topological spatial information processes of the parietal cortex in humans and rats.
Bringing the new isolation guideline into focus

In 1983 the Centers for Disease Control published a new Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals. This article briefly reviews some general principles of barrier techniques, compares the old and revised isolation guidelines, and discusses the difficulty in obtaining compliance with isolation practices.
Nursing values and science: toward a science philosophy.

Several premises are proposed for nursing science philosophy in contrast to nursing practice philosophy. These include human understanding, a critical tradition that views science as public knowledge, and use of observation, rationality, explanation, and prediction as a guide to therapy. No argument is made for or against a particular philosophy of science (e.g., positivist, historicist, critical theorist). The debates on the fit of philosophic paradigms with research strategies may soon run their course on the North American continent, as they appear to have done in Scandinavia.
Multicasting based topology generation and core mapping for a power efficient networks-on-chip

Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is an emerging alternative for system integration that is projected to meet the growing communication demands for future System-on-Chips. Compared to the bus-based systems, traditional NoCs do not have versatile data transfer capabilities like broadcasting. Multi2 Router is a Multi Local Port Router (MLPR) architecture that has multicast feature in-built inside the router elements of an MLPR-based NoC. In this research,we present an NoC configuration generation approach exploiting the multicast feature. Compared to the traditional single port based unicast transfers, we observe an average of 50% packet reduction (maximum of 74% using 9 Local Port (LP) router, in benchmark p3), across a set of benchmarks. On an average, when compared to the traditional 1 LP unicast router, there is a 16% reduction in the execution time and 35% reduction (maximum of 67% in benchmark p4) in total power consumption. The results show the promise of the proposed scheme, and thus, help to realize power-efficient Networks-on-Chip.
Development, relative retention, and fecundity of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) on different starches

The development, relative retention, and fecundity of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), on six different types of starches, flour, and flour plus yeast were investigated in the laboratory. The size of 90% of particles among the starches was below 15 to 58 μm, while that of the flour was below 133 μm. Larval length, head capsule width, and weight gain of T. castaneum were measured by rearing larvae on starches, flour, and flour plus 5% (by wt) Brewer’s yeast diet for 30 d at 28oC and 65% r.h. Larvae reared on flour or flour plus yeast developed normally and showed better survival compared to those reared on starches. Larvae on starches failed to develop beyond second and rarely third instars. Adults of T. castaneum did not show any preference to flour over starches in dual-choice tests. Tribolium castaneum laid less than 3 eggs/female over a 15 d period on all starches, but laid 97 and 109 eggs/female on flour and flour plus yeast diet, respectively. These initial studies suggest that starches are poor substrates for development, and currently experiments are in progress to improve larval survival and development by incorporating specific nutrients in starches. Starches were as attractive as flour to adults; however, starches do not appear to be a suitable medium for egg-laying. Preliminary experiments by moving adults between starches and flour and vice versa showed that feeding on suitable diets is essential for eliciting oviposition. Although preliminary, these interesting findings suggest that starches may have potential in managing development and reproduction of T. castaneum-a pest that is common and severe in food-processing facilities. Keywords : Nutritional control, Tribolium castaneum , Resistant starches, Development, Oviposition, Pest management
Meta-Regression: A Framework for Robust Reactive Optimization

Maintaining optimal performance as the conditions of a system change is a challenging problem. To solve this problem, we present meta-regression, a general methodology for alleviating traditional difficulties in nonlinear regression modelling. Meta-regression allows for reactive optimization, in which system components self-organize to changing conditions in a manner that is robust, or affected minimally by other sources of variability. Meta-regression extends profiling, providing a methodology for model-building when there is incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms and interactions of a nonlinear system.
Quantitative characterization and analysis of the I/O behavior of a commercial distributed-shared-memory machine

This paper presents a unified evaluation of the I/O behavior of a commercial clustered DSM machine, the HP Exemplar. Our study has the following objectives: 1) To evaluate the impact of different interacting system components, namely, architecture, operating system, and programming model, on the overall I/O behavior and identify possible performance bottlenecks, and 2) To provide hints to the users for achieving high out-of-box I/O throughput. We find that for the DSM machines that are built as a cluster of SMP nodes, integrated clustering of computing and I/O resources, both hardware and software, is not advantageous for two reasons. First, within an SMP node, the I/O bandwidth is often restricted by the performance of the peripheral components and cannot match the memory bandwidth. Second, since the I/O resources are shared as a global resource, the file-access costs become nonuniform and the I/O behavior of the entire system, in terms of both scalability and balance, degrades. We observe that the buffered I/O performance is determined not only by the I/O subsystem, but also by the programming model, global-shared memory subsystem, and data-communication mechanism. Moreover, programming-model support can be used effectively to overcome the performance constraints created by the architecture and operating system. For example, on the HP Exemplar, users can achieve high I/O throughput by using features of the programming model that balance the sharing and locality of the user buffers and file systems. Finally, we believe that at present, the I/O subsystems are being designed in isolation, and there is a need for mending the traditional memory-oriented design approach to address this problem.
Global Tourism Flows, Social Change and China

Keywords: commentary, tourism, China, cultural heritage, historical memory, national identity, Eastern Asia
The role of sex differences in the prevalence and transmission of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology is characterized by significant differences in prevalence between men and women worldwide, with cases among men exceeding those found in women by a ratio of 2:1 in some regions. In this paper, we review the literature concerning differences in TB prevalence by sex, as well as arguments that have been offered to explain these differences. We conclude that, while underreporting and latent variables undoubtedly bias the observed differences in prevalence between males and females to some degree, there is also strong evidence that sex-based differences in TB prevalence represent real epidemiological differences. Such differences have implications for models of TB dynamics in countries with skewed population sex ratios such as China and India, and should be incorporated into models for TB control and forecasting.
Prescriptions of dialysate potassium concentration during short daily or long nocturnal (high dose) hemodialysis.

The prescription of dialysate potassium concentration during short daily and long nocturnal (high dose) hemodialysis (HD) is challenging due to limited clinical experience with such modalities. The aim here is to propose a quantitative approach for prescribing dialysate potassium concentrations during high-dose HD. Potassium kinetic parameters based on a pseudo one-compartment model from 547 patients participating in the HEMO Study were used for prediction purposes in this study. Patients were categorized based on the prescribed dialysate potassium concentration during thrice weekly HD as 1K (mean of 1.02 mEq/L, N = 60), 2K (2.01 mEq/L, N = 437), or 3K (3.01 mEq/L, N = 50). Dialysate potassium concentrations were then predicted for each patient during short daily and long nocturnal HD based on a pseudo one-compartment model to maintain the identical weekly dialytic potassium removal and predialysis serum potassium concentration as during thrice weekly HD. Predicted prescribed dialysate potassium concentrations for short daily HD were 0.18-0.45 mEq/L higher than during thrice weekly HD but were approximately 4 (3.72-4.26) mEq/L for all patients during long nocturnal HD. The intradialytic decrease in serum potassium concentration was predicted to be reduced by more than one-half during short daily HD and by approximately three-quarters during long nocturnal HD of that during thrice weekly HD. Prescribed dialysate potassium concentration during high-dose HD modalities can be quantitatively predicted using a pseudo one-compartment kinetic model. High-dose HD modalities may improve clinical outcomes by reducing intradialytic decreases in serum potassium.
Coherent production of pion tridents by a primary beam of 16.2 GeV/c negative pions in nuclear emulsion

Recently several theoretical papers have predicted a special type of inelastic interaction between a high energy particle and a nucleus which acts coherently. By using a primary beam of 16.2 GeV/c negative pions, events with only three outgoing relativistic tracks (tridents) were selected by along-the-track scanning. A total of 13 tridents were found out of 503 interactions. From these 13 tridents only two pion tridents were positively identified; one for Coulomb dissociation and the other for diffraction dissociation by two independent methodsi.e. 1) by the longitudinal momentum transfer to the target nucleus computed from measurements and 2) by the measurement of the space angles of the shower tracks. The cross-section for pion-pion interactions was estimated for one event, and was found to be in good agreement with previous results.
Mobile content delivery through heterogeneous access networks

In the current communications environment, there is rapid proliferation of different types of broadband wired and wireless access networks. It is conceivable for users to roam between these heterogeneous networks and access content and services in a seamless manner and at different times. From the viewpoint of a service provider, the availability of different networks creates the possibility to deliver content using the most cost-effective route. This is particularly important for most multimedia content, especially of the entertainment genre where there is flexibility of time of delivery. Because of the added flexibility on the consumption time, a route selection among the different available networks for content delivery becomes feasible. In this paper, we present a solution that uses a remote site downloading function to deliver requested content through a customer selected route. Key problems of remote site downloading are addressed, including location management, remote service invocations, access account management and security etc. An overall system architecture design is presented.
Cancer Immunosurveillance by Tissue-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells and Innate-like T Cells

Malignancy can be suppressed by the immune system in a process termed immunosurveillance. However, to what extent immunosurveillance occurs in spontaneous cancers and the composition of participating cell types remains obscure. Here, we show that cell transformation triggers a tissue-resident lymphocyte response in oncogene-induced murine cancer models. Non-circulating cytotoxic lymphocytes, derived from innate, T cell receptor (TCR)αβ, and TCRγδ lineages, expand in early tumors. Characterized by high expression of NK1.1, CD49a, and CD103, these cells share a gene-expression signature distinct from those of conventional NK cells, T cells, and invariant NKT cells. Generation of these lymphocytes is dependent on the cytokine IL-15, but not the transcription factor Nfil3 that is required for the differentiation of tumor-infiltrating NK cells, and IL-15 deficiency, but not Nfil3 deficiency, results in accelerated tumor growth. These findings reveal a tumor-elicited immunosurveillance mechanism that engages unconventional type-1-like innate lymphoid cells and type 1 innate-like T cells.
(Un?)Healthy Politics: The Political Determinants of Subnational Health Systems in Brazil

How does political competition shape institutions that govern the expansion of social policy subnationally? Brazilian states have shown a surprising variation in the design of their public health institutions, which regulate the distribution of health resources and citizen access to public health care. While many states have experienced fragmentation, some have remained highly centralized and discretionary, and only a select few have established a coordinated system based on power sharing and rules-based distribution. Accounts that link public health care expansion to federal government imposition, the presence of the public health care movement, and leftist parties cannot fully explain this variation. Instead, in the three Brazilian states examined here, the nature of subnational political competition triggered different institution-building strategies. The findings indicate that plural political competition yielded incentives for limiting state-level discretion and for sharing power with municipal governments, while political concentration reinforced the attraction to centralized and discretionary policymaking.
Admission Hypomagnesemia Predicts Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volume (P3.093)

OBJECTIVE: Determine if hypomagnesemia on admission was a predictor of ICH volume. BACKGROUND: Magnesium is a vascular smooth muscle relaxer and appears to provide protection against cellular injury in experimental stroke models. The implication of low serum magnesium in primary ICH is not well defined. DESIGN/METHODS: Consecutive patients (2008 - 2013) who had a primary ICH at two academic stroke centers in the Southeast US were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics, initial lab values, ICH volumes, and ICH scores were recorded. All patients with INR <= 1.5 were included and stratified based on ICH score groups: 0-2 and 3-6. Normal serum magnesium was defined as 1.8 - 2.5 mEq/dL. Statistical significance was determined using linear regression adjusting for admission systolic blood pressure (SBP). RESULTS: We identified 312 patients who met inclusion criteria (median age 61; 19-99, 44.2[percnt] women, 52.9[percnt] black). A comparison of patients with normal serum magnesium to those with hypomagnesemia showed no significant differences in age, sex, or race among patients with ICH score 0-2. After adjusting for SBP, patients with hypomagnesemia in the 0-2 group (n =258) had a mean admission ICH volume that was larger than patients with normal magnesium levels (11 vs. 4 mL, p=0.014). In patients with ICH score of 3-6 (n=54), after adjusting for SBP, the mean ICH volume was 54 mL in patients with hypomagnesemia and 38mL in those with normal magnesium (p=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Hypomagnesemia was associated with higher admission ICH volumes in patients with lower ICH severity. While the study was limited by small numbers, a similar relationship between magnesium and ICH volume was not detected amongst patients with more severe ICH. Future studies are needed to determine if correction improves functional outcome in any targeted group of patients with ICH. Disclosure: Dr. Shiue has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boehme has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sands has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin-Schild has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech as a speakers bureau participant. Dr. Hays Shapshak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lyerly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gadpaille has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khawaja has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sisson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alvi has nothing to disclose. Dr. George has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harrigan has nothing to disclose.
Treatment-Continuity of ADHD Compared Using Immediate-Release and Extended-Release MPH

The continuity of methylphenidate (MPH) therapy for ADHD in young Medicaid beneficiaries (ages 6 to 17 years) treated with immediate-release (IR) or extended-release (ER) MPH formulations was compared in an analysis of statewide California Medicaid claims (2000-2003) conducted at Columbia University, New York; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and McNeil Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA.
Role of Phospholamban Mutations in Protein-Protein Interactions

Calcium regulation in heart muscles is achieved through a fine interplay between a variety of proteins. Of particular importance are sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and phospholamban (PLN): SERCA transfers calcium ions against the concentration gradient and is inhibited by PLN. Inhibition is relieved upon phosphorylation of PLN at S16. Recently mutations in the pln gene have been linked to the progression of cardiomyopathies, raising questions about the biophysical basis of the disease.We have investigated the behavior of the phospholamban mutants alone and in the presence of their interaction partners through complimentary techniques. Solution NMR spectroscopy provided insights into ps-ns dynamics of the regions harboring the mutation. Oriented and magic angle spinning solid-state NMR in lipid bilayers were used to probe the topology, conformation and water accessibility of phospholamban. SERCA activity assays were performed to assess the inhibitory potency of the mutants in their native or phosphorylated forms. Such multiscale approach allowed us to build a comprehensive picture of the interactions disrupted through the mutations (Vostrikov et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015).Our data provides evidence that several essential regulatory functions are disrupted through the naturally occurring mutations. Amino acid substitutions or deletions lead to the alteration in the fold, conformation and dynamics of the regulatory domain of PLN. Such changes disrupt the PLN interactions with its binding partners, shifting the delicate balance of calcium ions transfer. We surmise that the development of cardiomyopathies elicited by the PLN mutants is linked to a variety of disrupted protein-protein interactions, rather than affecting one specific target.This work is supported through the American Heart Association fellowships 13POST14670054 to V.V. and 13PRE16950023 to K.S.
Introduction: Physician Heal Thyself.

An introduction to the article “Educating Managers From an Evidence-Based Perspective” by Denise M. Rousseau and Sharon McCarthy in the March 2007 issue of “Academy of Management Learning & Educati...
Caring About Residents' Experiences and Symptoms (CARES) Program: A Model of Palliative Care Consultation in the Nursing Home.

Objectives:To describe the CARES program, a model of palliative care for nursing home residents.Design:Descriptive analysis of the Caring About Residents’ Experiences and Symptoms (CARES) Program that provides palliative care services to nursing home residents.Program evaluation:The CARES Program serves as an example of collaborative efforts to meet community needs. To evaluate the program, we document the services provided as well as process outcomes (changes to care plans, hospitalizations, location of death, and hospice utilization) for residents referred.Results:170 nursing home residents were seen by CARES Program between February 2013 to December 2015, 48% for skilled services, and 52% for long term care. Majority of referrals were for goals of care and concurrent symptom management. Following consultation, 67% of residents had a change in code status. Of residents desiring a palliative course 90% were never hospitalized. Overall, 53% of residents died; and those in long term care dying more often w...
CONSTRUCTION OF EXPRESSION VECTOR CONTAINING gin A GENE AND DETECTION OF NPT II ACTIVITY IN THE TRANSGENIC RICE CALLI USING ~(32)P-LABELLED COMPOUND

The glnA gene encoding glutamine synthetase (GS) was amplified from Azospirillum brasilense Spl by PCR technique. The amplified 1. 4 kb DNA fragment was cloned at the EcoRV site of Bluescript-SK. Both sequencing and restriction digestion data showed that the 1. 4 kb DNA fragment flanked with BamHI site at each end was really the glnA gene of A. brasilense Sp7 . The glnA gene was lig-ated with Bgl II site of pCo24. As a result, an expression vector pGSC35 with CaMV35S promoter was obtained. Using colony in situ hybridization with a-32P-dATP labelled probes to screen the positive clones, another glnA gene expression vector pAGNB92 with rice actin 1 promoter was constructed after three rounds of ligation and transformation. Protoplasts isolated from rice cell suspension line cv. T986 were transformed with glnA expression vectors pGSC35 and pAGNB92 containing neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II ) gene by using PEG fusion and electroporation. Transformed microcalli were selected on media containing G418 disulfate salt. NPT II activity was detected in 37% of G418 resistant calli by using dot blot hybridization with 32P-ATP and kanamycin as substrate.
Partitioning Real-Time Tasks With Replications on Multiprocessor Embedded Systems

Executing computing tasks with replications is an essential choice to achieve fault-tolerance in designing real-time, embedded systems. A problem of maximizing the number of real-time tasks with replications running on a multiprocessor embedded system is discussed in this letter. The partitioning problem can be modeled as a variant of the bin-packing problem. In the original problem, it is known that the first-fit (FF) method has a good worst-case performance bound of 4/3. Whether or not the same bound is achievable in the variant problem remains an open question. This letter closes the question by proving that the worst-case performance bound of using the FF method approaches to 2 but it never reaches it. Then, a tight bound of asymptotic worst-case performance is shown.
NONSEXUAL INTERACTIONS IN THE BIG-HEADED GRASSHOPPER AULOCARA ELLIOTTI (THOMAS) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)

Nonsexual interactions of the big-headed grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti (Thomas), were examined under natural conditions in context of intrinsic (age and conspecificity of grasshoppers, speed and d...
Letting Our Values and History Guide Us: Inspiration for Libraries From Myles Horton

In the aftermath of the horrifying racist marches, violence, and murder at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in August 2017, people across the country have looked to history and shared values to help them clear their heads and find ways to move America forward. In explaining his decision to take down a statue of Robert E. Lee from Duke University’s campus, president Vincent E. Price argued that removing the statue was a way to express Duke’s institutional values, including a “commitment to justice, not discrimination; to civil protest, not violence; to authentic dialogue, not rhetoric; and to empathy, not hatred” (Price, 2017). The presidents and boards of the American Library Association, Public Library Association, and the Association of College and Research Libraries have published similar anti-hate statements. ACRL’s Board asserted that “ACRL is unwavering in its long-standing commitment to free exchange of different viewpoints, but what happened in Charlottesville was not that; instead, it was terrorism masquerading as free expression” (Morales, 2017). As this statement confirms, our shared professional values were developed over time and provide us with a guide on how to respond when all we want to do is react. Ideas on how to educate in order to grow democracy have also stayed remarkably constant over time. The foundations of experiential education were first popularized by John Dewey with the publication of Democracy and Education in 1916. Critical educators working in the 1930s and 40s expanded on experiential education as they examined education through the lens of critical theory to develop critical pedagogy. One of these critical educators was Myles Horton, co-founder of the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee. Highlander was founded in 1932 as a community folk school and training center to provide free adult education to rural Appalachian communities on everything from life skills and reading to community building and grassroots activism. Horton worked with the uneducated and largely illiterate people of Tennessee first in the labor movement and later in the civil rights movement. Highlander activists’ record of success is awe-inspiring as they played an instrumental role in the growth of worker and civil rights throughout the South. To name only a few examples, Rosa Parks attended trainings at Highlander months before she ignited the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Martin Luther King, Jr. first heard Pete Seeger (a Highlander regular) sing “We Shall Overcome” at Highlander’s 25th Anniversary Celebration (Horton, Kohl, & Kohl, 1998). Horton’s focus on popular, adult community education is not only inspiring but also instructive for libraries as we serve and educate our communities—whether they are public, academic, or school communities—during this time of deep political divides and strife.
Income Volatility: A Preventable Public Health Threat.

The article discusses the author's claim that income volatility in America is a preventable public health threat as of 2017, and it mentions the U.S. federal government's budget proposal which includes cuts to various federal social safety net programs for low-income households. America's Earned Income Tax Credit and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program are examined, along with welfare benefits through the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program.
Ultrasonic attenuation measurements determine onset, degree, and completion of recrystallization

Ultrasonic attenuation was measured for cold worked Nickel 200 samples annealed at increasing temperatures. Localized dislocation density variations, crystalline order and volume percent of recrystallized phase were determined over the anneal temperature range using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and metallurgy. The exponent of the frequency dependence of the attenuation was found to be a key variable relating ultrasonic attenuation to the thermal kinetics of the recrystallization process. Identification of this key variable allows for the ultrasonic determination of onset, degree, and completion of recrystallization.
Outcomes and complications after fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Objective To report the outcomes of patients enrolled in a physician-sponsored investigational device exemption trial for endovascular treatment of complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms with fenestrated and/or branched devices. Methods This study represents a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients enrolled in a physician-sponsored investigational device exemption trial for endovascular treatment of complex thoracoabdominal aneurysms between July 2012 and July 2017. Subjects included high-risk patients for open repair and patients with unsuitable anatomy for either standard endovascular aneurysm repair or Zenith (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind) fenestrated device. Aneurysm classification was based upon Crawford classification. We included the pararenal and paravisceral aneurysms in the type IV aneurysm group, because the repair of these aneurysms usually involved treatment of all four visceral branches. The endografts implanted were custom manufactured devices or off-the-shelf devices based on the Cook Zenith platform. Variables analyzed included preoperative demographics and comorbidities, anatomic aneurysmal characteristics, procedural details, and perioperative complications. Results One -hundred fifty patients with a mean age of 71 ± 7.9 years were treated; 69% were male. Tobacco use (93%) and hypertension (91%) were the most common risk factors. Fifty-seven patients (38%) had a history of previous aortic repair. The mean aneurysm diameter was 62 ± 12 mm and 14 (9%) aneurysms were associated with chronic dissection. A total of 573 visceral vessels were incorporated (celiac artery/superior mesenteric artery [287 vessels], renal arteries [275 vessels], and 11 additional vessels) and 539 were stented. The celiac artery/superior mesenteric artery received a fenestrated design in 76.1% of cases. Branch designs were used in the renal artery in 13.2%, with the remainder treated with fenestrations. Spinal cord drainage was used in 51% of patients (76/150). The mean operative time, fluoroscopy time, and estimated blood loss were 283 ± 89 minutes, 83 ± 38 minutes, and 417 ± 404 mL, respectively. There were five patients (3.3%) with intraoperative complications, resulting in one intraoperative death. The early mortality was 2.7% (4/150). Major complications included respiratory failure in 7% (10/150), stroke and myocardial infarction in 0.7% each (1/150), and paraplegia in 2.7% (4/150). Acute kidney injury occurred in 4.7% of patients (7/150), two of whom required temporary dialysis. Thirty-nine percent of patients experienced at least one complication. Early branch vessel patency was 99.8% (525/526). Survival, primary, and primary-assisted branch patency at 2 years of follow-up were 79%, 97%, and 99%, respectively. Conclusions Endovascular repair of complex aneurysms is safe and effective when performed in a high-volume center experienced in aortic disease management. Branch vessels patency and the low incidence of paraplegia and mortality support expanded use to treat most complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.
Evolution of Resuscitation: What Is Damage Control Resuscitation?

The current treatment for massively bleeding patients is nearly identical to practices developed by physicians caring for thousands of injured combatants during World War I and II. After being forgotten for half a century, these techniques made a resurgence in the form of damage control resuscitation early in the twenty-first century, based on therapies employed during wars in Southwest Asia. The concepts include limiting crystalloid, whole blood, or balance blood component transfusions to achieve permissive hypotension, preventing hypothermia, and stopping bleeding as quickly as possible.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

This article provides an overview of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), beginning with the initial pathologic recognition of pulmonary hypertension more than 100 years ago and progressing to the current diagnostic categorization of PAH. It reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, and modern treatment of PAH. The article discusses several important recent studies that have highlighted the importance of new management strategies, including serial risk assessment and combination pharmacotherapy.
ESR CENTERS AND CHARGE DEFECTS NEAR THE Si/SiO2 INTERFACE

ABSTRACT The esr center P b has been examined as a function of thermal oxidation and annealing conditions in single-crystal silicon wafers. It was observed that P b concentration was not correlated with fixed surface-state charge density Q ss , despite some similarities in their behavior. In freshly oxidized wafers, P b typically ranges up to 2x10 12 cm -2 , and Q ss up to 5x10 11 cm- 2 . The concentration of P b is highly dependent on cooling rates; concentration does not depend on oxide thickness and P b may be observed even in native oxides. The g-value of the orientation-averaged P b signal (2.0064) favors its assignment to Si III in a silicon environment, as in crushed silicon (2.0055), rather than to the well-studied E′ centers (2.0008) found in various forms of damaged SiO 2. In our thermal oxides, E′ centers were unobservable, and thus cannot be the main source of Q ss , despite their nominal positive charge. Preliminary evidence shows a correlation of P b with initial, unannealed “fast” interface states N gt , supporting the idea that Si III is the origin of these states.
Predicting Consumers' Apparel Purchase Decisions from Brain Activity Patterns

Often times, apparel purchase involves evaluating the tradeoff between the pleasure of acquiring a preferred product and the pain of paying money for it. The actions driven by the valence from the tradeoff can trigger two types of behaviors: buy (approach) and not buy (avoidance). The present results suggest that apparel purchase decisions can be predicted with high accuracy using brain activity patterns arising during the product evaluation process. There is a lack of studies aimed at predicting consumers' purchase decisions conducted in apparel shopping context, in which, haptic information is an important element for decision making. Remarkably, the most significant contribution of the present study is the proposal of a neuro-activity pattern that consumers use to make apparel shopping. The high accuracy rates may indicate a promising research direction of understanding consumers' purchase decisions related to experiential products such as apparel.
Effect of Dietary Changes on IBS Symptoms.

A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FOD-MAPs) decreases IBS symptoms and improves quality of life compared with usual diet.
Dietary factors and serum antimüllerian hormone concentrations in late premenopausal women.

Objective To study the associations between dietary factors and circulating antimullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations among late premenopausal women. Design AMH concentrations were measured in serum samples collected at enrollment from 296 women (aged 35−45 years) in the Sister Study cohort. Usual dietary intakes in the past 12 months were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary exposures of interest included macronutrients, dietary fat subtypes, fiber, and glycemic index. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate associations between dietary variables and serum AMH concentrations. We also used nutrient density models to examine isocaloric replacement of macronutrients. Setting Not applicable. Patients Women aged 35−45 years. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Serum AMH concentrations in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). Results AMH concentrations were positively associated with percentage of energy from carbohydrates (β per 5% calories=0.141 [95% CI 0.023, 0.259]; P trend=.019), and inversely associated with percentage of energy from fat (β per 5% calories=−0.152 [95% CI −0.299, −0.004]; P trend=.044). In analyses of dietary fat subtypes, AMH decreased with increasing monounsaturated fatty acids (P trend=.082) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P trend=.043), particularly ω-6 fatty acids (P trend=.044), whereas no strong trend was observed for saturated fatty acids. Protein and alcohol intake were not strongly associated with AMH. Conclusions Our cross-sectional analyses in a sample of late premenopausal women suggest that dietary fat intake may be inversely associated with circulating AMH concentrations. Further research in prospective studies is warranted to evaluate dietary factors as potential modifiers of ovarian reserve.
Isaiah Berlin and Reinhold Niebuhr: Cold War Liberalism as an Intellectual Ethos

Isaiah Berlin and Reinhold Niebuhr were, in their day, influential exponents of “Cold War liberalism”—and are now widely regarded as emblematic of this movement and its historical moment. For critics, their “Cold War liberalism” represents a deplorable detour for liberalism, or for Western political thought and politics—either (or both) because liberalism became rigid and militant in its (overblown) opposition to the perceived threat of Communism, and/or because the hopeful energies and ambitions of earlier progressive politics were displaced by a mixture of pessimism and complacency. Such views hardly do justice to Berlin’s and Niebuhr’s re-casting of liberalism. For both, liberalism was defined by a spirit of self-critical questioning, humility, and vigilant opposition to both complacency and militancy, conformism and dogmatism. Their conception of liberalism was distinctive not only in its political content, and the philosophical bases to which they appealed, but in the sort of intellectual project their liberalism represented: an ethical project, which tied liberalism to the cultivation of a particular sensibility and temper, or “ethos.” This chapter discusses the intellectual relationship and similarities between Berlin and Niebuhr more broadly, before focusing on the ways in which each conceived of and contributed to this ethical project of Cold War liberalism.