cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A static condensation reduced basis element method: Complex problems

Abstract We extend the static condensation reduced basis element (scRBE) method to treat the class of parametrized complex Helmholtz partial differential equations. The main ingredients are (i) static condensation at the interdomain level, (ii) a conforming eigenfunction “port” representation at the interface level, (iii) the reduced basis (RB) approximation of finite element (FE) bubble functions at the intradomain level, and (iv) rigorous system-level error bounds which reflect RB perturbation of the FE Schur complement. We then incorporate these ingredients in an Offline–Online computational strategy to achieve rapid and accurate prediction of parametric systems formed from instantiations of interoperable parametrized archetype components from a Library. We introduce a number of extensions with respect to the original scRBE framework: first, primal–dual RB methods for general non-symmetric (complex) problems; second, stability constant procedures for weakly coercive problems (at both the interdomain level and intradomain level); third, treatment of non-port linear–functional outputs (as well as functions of outputs); fourth, consideration of particular components and outputs relevant to acoustic applications. We consider several numerical examples in acoustics (in particular focused on mufflers and horns) to demonstrate that the approach can handle models with many parameters and/or topology variations with particular reference to waveguide-like applications.
VPO1 mediates ApoE oxidation and impairs the clearance of plasma lipids.

Objective ApoE is an abundant component of chylomicron, VLDL, IDL, and HDL. It binds to multiple types of lipids and is implicated in cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis. Oxidation of ApoE plays a crucial role in the genesis of atherosclerosis. It is proposed that heme-containing peroxidases (hPx) are major mediators of lipoprotein oxidization. Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) is a recently-discovered hPx, which is expressed in cardiovascular system, lung, liver etc. and secreted into plasma. Its plasma concentration is three orders of magnitude of that of myeloperoxidase. If VPO1 mediates ApoE oxidation and affects the lipid metabolism remains to be elucidated. Methods Recombinant ApoE and VPO1 were expressed and purified from stably-expressing cell lines deriving from HEK293 cells. ApoE oxidation was carried out by VPO1 in the presence of H2O2 and chloride. ApoE oxidation was verified by a variety of approaches including immunoblot and amino acid analyses. To evaluate the functional changes in VPO1-oxidized ApoE, lipid emulsion particle binding assays were employed. Results Oxidized ApoE binds weaker to lipid emulsion particles, which mimic the large lipid complexes in vivo. In lipid efflux assay, oxidized ApoE showed reduced capability in efflux of lipids from foam cells. Mice administrated with oxidized ApoE via blood exhibited weaker clearance ability of plasma lipids. Conclusions Our data suggest that VPO1 is a new mediator regulating lipid homeostasis, implying a role in genesis and development of atherosclerosis.
Hybrid two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform for analysis of phase-shifted interferograms

Abstract In interferogram or fringe pattern analysis, a technique capable of automatically analyzing interferograms that contain complex fringes and high-level noise as well as defects is highly demanded. In this paper, a hybrid technique combining the concepts of the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform technique and the phase-shifting technique is proposed. The novel technique takes the advantages of the two existing techniques, and has the ability to accurately and automatically analyze multiple phase-shifted complex interferograms involving noise and defects. The validity of the technique is demonstrated by both computer simulation and real experiment.
Control of Infectious Synovitis 4. Antibiotics and Nitrofurans

ABSTRACT IN THE reports of Olson et al. (1957a) and Shelton et al. (1957) on the control of infectious synovitis, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline were effective but erythromycin, penicillin and strepomycin were ineffective when fed continuously. These studies further indicated that a higher concentration of oxytetracycline than chlortetracycline was necessary in the feed for equivalent control. In the in ova studies conducted by Cover et al. (1956) using agents causing infectious synovitis, a difference in efficacy of these antibiotics was not reported. Studies by Peterson et al. (1955–56) gave no indication of a difference in efficacy of these antibiotics under their conditions. In view of these inconsistent reports, additional studies were conducted to critically evaluate the tetracycline antibiotics and other antibacterial drugs as to their efficacy in controlling infectious synovitis in laboratory birds. EXPERIMENTAL Twelve unsexed New Hampshire chicks were randomly selected, wingbanded and placed on each treatment. The basal ration . . .
Methods of “fake ID” obtainment and use in underage college students

Fake IDs are highly prevalent among underage college students, and are strongly associated with heavy drinking. However it is not currently known how exactly fake IDs are most commonly obtained and used, and how often individuals are caught. Such information could aid law enforcement and school personnel in their enforcement responsibilities, and might further elucidate the extent and means by which students "make ethical compromises" to gain illegal access to alcohol. A cross-sectional online survey of 1098 underage students at a large Midwestern university indicated that comparable to previous findings, 21.0% reported possessing a fake ID (which was strongly associated with past-month frequent heavy drinking; OR=4.84, 95% CI=3.41-6.86). Of those with fake IDs, 93.5% reported having used them, and 29.1% reported having been caught. Greek (i.e., fraternity/sorority) members were more likely than others to obtain them through a Greek organization (OR=8.02, 95% CI=1.81-35.54). Also, men were more likely than women to buy (OR=2.74, 95% CI=1.57-4.77), yet less likely to be given them (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.31-0.90). Future studies might examine whether and how fake ID capture reduces (or exacerbates) drinking over time.
Total and surface density of states on the Bethe lattice

Abstract A novel approach for calculating the density of surface states in a disordered system is presented. It is shown that the node counting method for calculating the energy spectrum of a system holds for the Bethe lattice. An exact method for calculating the total density of states of a disordered Bethe system terminating on a closed surface, as well as the contribution of the bulk and surface states to it is then developed and applied to the cases of Lorentzian and Gaussian randomness. The results are discussed in connection to relevant material from the literature.
Illness-induced taste aversion under states of deprivation and satiation

A taste aversion to saccharin was induced under conditions of satiation or deprivation. Subsequent testing occurred under the same or opposite conditions. A preference test yielded significant drug-placebo effects only under similar training and testing conditions. Ss trained and tested under satiation produced the greatest drug-placebo differences. The data are discussed in terms of state dependency and the procedures used to induce and measure the taste aversion.
Divalent cation binding to phospholipid vesicles. Dependence on temperature and lipid fluidity

Abstract Mn2+ binding to vesicles prepared from several different species of anionic phospholipids was determined as a function of temperature by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The Mn2+ affinities of phosphatidylserine, cardiolipin and egg yolk phosphatidylglycerol all increased monitonically with temperature. Vesicles prepared from hydrogenated and natural (bovine) phosphatidylserine were monitored with respect to hydrocarbon chain fluidity as well as Mn2+ binding. Contrary to expectations based on surface potential considerations, the affinity of phosphatidylserine for divalent cations was apparently not lowered in going from the gel state to the liquid crystalline state of the bilayer. The results are instead consistent with an enhancement in cation affinity with increased lipid fluidity. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol vesicle fluidity and Mn2+ binding were also studied with EPR. A large reduction in the measured Mn2+ affinity accompanied melting of the phospholipid, but observed hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the binding render uncertain any simple explanation based on changes in surface potential. Supplementary light scattering data indicated that vesicle aggregation was involved in the hysteresis phenomena.
Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and other parameters of copper status in rats ingesting lead acetate

The effects of lead ingestion on parameters indicative of copper status, and particularly on the activity of the copper-dependent metalloenzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes, were investigated in weanling and neonatal rats. In a series of experiments, Sprague-Dawley or Long-Evans rats were fed a nutritionally adequate purified diet (AIN-'76). Lead acetate was given orally in the drinking water (0, 100, 250, or 500 ppm Pb) to groups of 23 to 26-day-old rats for 5 weeks or intragastrically (0, 5, 11, 22, or 45 mg Pb/kg body wt/day) to pups from postnatal Days 2 through 20. Lead ingestion (250 and 500 ppm Pb) by weanling rats resulted in decreased concentrations of copper in blood (erythrocytes and serum), liver, and spleen, in increased concentrations of iron in liver and spleen, in increased spleen weight, and in a small decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. There was a significant decrease in the activities of the copper metalloproteins erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum ceruloplasmin (Cp). In contrast, in the neonate we found no significant effects of lead on copper concentrations in blood or tissue or on other measures indicative of copper status. Despite high blood lead concentrations (1-3 micrograms/ml), SOD activity was not decreased in the neonatal rat. In addition, lead had no direct effect in vitro on the activity of bovine blood superoxide dismutase. On the basis of both the in vitro and in vivo studies, it appears likely that the observed decrease in SOD in young rats is caused indirectly by a lead-induced copper deficiency rather than by a direct inhibitory effect of lead.
On the selective antitumor activity of some alkylating carbamates.

Abstract The unusually high degree of selectivity of action against the Walker carcinosarcoma 256 of a series of alkylating carbamates is discussed. The possibility that tumor-specific receptor sites exist is strengthened by the marked structure-activity relationships exhibited by the alkylating carbamates.
Bacterial variants in central nervous system infections in infants and children

A pilot study was performed to estimate the prevalence of cell wall defective bacteria in spinal and subdural fluids from infants and children with central nervous system infections. Although osmotically unstable bacteria were sometimes present with classical bacteria early in acute bacterial meningitis, they were rarely found later and were not generally associated with a prolonged or relapsing course. Spinal fluids from five patients who had undergone neurosurgical procedures yielded L-forms of staphylococci or Pseudomonas. From three of them with chronic ventriculitis, classical bacteria of the same types had been isolated 6 to 73 days before. L-forms of streptococci were isolated from the subdural fluid of one child with a “sterile” subdural empyema. The findings suggest that relapse of acute bacterial meningitis is not due to persistence of bacteria as L-phase variants, although such organisms may occasionally be associated with chronicity of infection following neurosurgical procedures.
Fabric development in the mantle section of a paleotransform fault and its effect on ophiolite obduction, New Caledonia

The Bogota Peninsula shear zone has been interpreted as a paleotransform fault in the mantle section of the New Caledonia ophiolite. New, detailed field measurements document the rotation of foliation, lineation, and pyroxenite dikes across a 50-km-wide region. Deformation intensity recorded by folding and boudinage of dikes increases toward a central, 3-km-wide mylonitic zone. We used several additional methods to characterize fabric patterns across the shear zone. The shape-preferred orientation of orthopyroxene grains, computed from outcrop tracings, closely parallels field fabrics, with increased alignment and flattening near the center of the shear zone. The lattice-preferred orientations of olivine are consistent with high-temperature fabrics; the a axes within the mylonitic core were used to constrain the orientation of shear zone boundaries. Seismic anisotropy calculations, based on the lattice-preferred orientation of olivine, indicate 5%–11% shear-wave anisotropies, with increased values in the center of the shear zone. The magnetic silicate fabric in the rocks, determined from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility techniques, broadly matches field fabrics but provides less consistent information across the shear zone than other fabric methods. This suite of field and laboratory data provides a unique and detailed view of strain and fabric patterns across a shear zone in oceanic mantle lithosphere. Because the primary mantle fabrics seem to be related to the present distribution of ophiolitic rocks in New Caledonia, we propose that ophiolite obduction and Neogene extension may have been controlled by preexisting fabrics and structures in the oceanic lithosphere.
Mechanical behavior of an Fe–40Al–0.6C alloy

Abstract The mechanical properties of Fe–40 at.% Al containing 0.6 at.% C have been evaluated in the extruded and low-temperature annealed condition as a function of temperature and strain rate. In the as-extruded condition, the yield strength at room temperature is ∼510 MPa with an associated plastic tensile elongation of 2.3%. With increasing test temperature, the strength decreases steadily to ∼350 MPa at 600°C; a brittle-to-ductile transition is recognized in the 300–400°C regime. Upon subjecting the extruded material to a two-step low-temperature anneal, the room temperature strength decreases to ∼310 MPa and ductility increases to 4.4%. When the strength of this material was measured as a function of temperature, a positive temperature dependence of strength was observed in the 400–600°C range while the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature range decreased by ∼75°C. At a fairly constant yield stress, ductility steadily decreased with decreasing strain rate at room temperature in air from ∼12% at 4×10 −1 /s to 1.7% at 4×10 −7 /s. At −30°C, the ductility for comparable strain rates, was significantly higher than that at room temperature. These observations, when compared to data in the literature, verify that while fracture occurs by environmental embrittlement, it is delayed in this carbide-containing alloy. The carbides are thought to act as hydrogen traps and delay the arrival of critical amounts of hydrogen to the crack tip thereby delaying embrittlement. The role of carbide size and distribution on tensile properties was examined by developing isochronal and isothermal aging curves for this alloy.
Changes in Patients’ Taste Acuity after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Clinically Severe Obesity

Abstract Objective Patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for clinically severe obesity often report an aversion to sweet foods and meat. This study was designed to determine whether changes in taste acuity occur after RYGB. Design This prospective, repeated measures trial evaluated acuity for sweet (sucrose) and bitter (urea) tastes, zinc status, and reported changes in taste perceptions in patients undergoing RYGB for weight reduction. Subjects Taste acuity and serum zinc level were measured in 14 subjects, 6 men and 8 women (mean preoperative body mass index [calculated as kg/m 2 ]=60.8±11.8 and mean age=38.4±6 years), before surgery and 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. Inquiries regarding taste preferences were made at each postoperative visit with specific reference to sweets and meat. Serum zinc level was measured at the same visit. A noncontrolled comparison group of 4 subjects who were consuming a very-low-calorie diet also underwent taste acuity testing at similar intervals. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were recognition taste thresholds, serum zinc levels, and taste preference changes. Statistical analysis Analysis of variance with repeated measures over time, Pearson correlation coefficients, and post hoc analysis of variance were used to analyze data. Results Mean recognition thresholds for sucrose were 0.047±0.03mol/L preoperatively and fell significantly to 0.024±0.01 and 0.019±0.01mol/L at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively, respectively. Overall, there were no significant differences in taste thresholds for urea over time; a significant difference was noted, however, in the pattern of change for urea between patients who reported an aversion to meats and those who did not. Zinc concentrations did not change during the study. Application/conclusions At 6 weeks postoperatively, all patients reported that foods tasted sweeter, and they modified food selection accordingly. Six patients reported an aversion to meats associated with increased nausea and vomiting. Acuity for sweet and bitter tastes may need to be considered when planning dietary modifications for patients undergoing RYGB. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95:666-670 .
Outwitting the Blood-Brain Barrier for Therapeutic Purposes: Osmotic Opening and Other Means

Objective This article reviews historical aspects of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and recent advances in mechanisms to deliver therapeutic agents across the BBB for the treatment of intracerebral tumors and other neurological diseases. Methods The development of the osmotic BBB disruption procedure as a clinically useful technique is described. Osmotic BBB disruption is contrasted with alternative methods for opening or bypassing the BBB, including pharmacological modification of the BBB with bradykinin and direct intracerebral infusion. Results Laboratory studies have played a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of the BBB and delivery of agents to brain. Preclinical animal studies will continue to serve an integral function in our efforts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of a number of neurological disorders. Techniques involving the modification of the BBB and/or blood-tumor barrier to increase delivery of therapeutic agents have been advanced to clinical trials in patients with brain tumors with very favorable results. Conclusion Improving delivery of agents to the brain will play a major role in the therapeutic outcome of brain neoplasms. As techniques for gene therapy are advanced, manipulation of the BBB also may be important in the treatment of central nervous system genetic disorders.
The diagnosis of drug dependence by primary care providers

HIV infection cannot be treated nor can its spread among those who use drugs be contained unless physicians diagnose and treat drug dependence. Recent changes in the DSM-III definitions simplify diagnosis. It is primarily by the presence and extent of the dependence syndrome that decisions are made regarding early HIV counseling and testing, medical management, referral for drug dependence treatment, and the approach to minimizing disease spread by the patient.
Outlier, Measurement, and the Democracy-FDI Controversy

Choi (2009) offers a useful demonstration that Li and Resnick’s (2003) analysis of the effect of regime type on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows is vulnerable to the impact of outliers. However, his first remedial method of controlling for outliers with a dummy variable leads to qualitatively the same findings of Li and Resnick. His second remedial method, a robust regression estimator, drops 80 observations and its result on democracy contradicts the finding from median regression. Choi claims that the origin of the outlier problem in Li and Resnick is the inappropriate operationalization of the concept: FDI inflows. Analysts should choose FDI/GDP over net FDI inflows. This research demonstrates how scholars often conflate the two measures conceptually and empirically. Fundamentally, FDI/GDP reflects a country’s openness to or reliance on foreign capital whereas net FDI inflows indicate the amount of investment. Based on FDI/GDP, scholars cannot draw correct inferences about the impact of democracy on the amount of foreign investment. Hence, conclusions in several published studies have to be revised and corrected. One promising solution for outliers in FDI data is to log-transform net FDI inflows. This research has important implications not only for resolving the democracy-FDI controversy but also for studies of other causes of FDI flows. Over the past two decades, most developing countries adapted their development strategies and vigorously pursued foreign direct investment (FDI), recognizing that international production capital brings in various benefits in the forms of capital inflow, technology transfer, managerial know-how, market access, productivity spillover, and economic growth. As many countries compete for foreign capital, the study of the political
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Associated with Obstructive Uropathy

We studied renal function in 13 patients with obstructive uropathy and hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis to characterize the pathogenesis of this disorder. Base-line fractional potassium excretion was lower in all patients than in controls with similar glomerular filtration rates. Acetazolamide was given to 11 patients but failed to increase fractional potassium excretion to normal. In five patients, impaired potassium excretion was associated with decreased ammonium excretion, a urinary pH below 5.5 (5.18 +/- 0.07, mean +/- S.E.M.), and aldosterone deficiency. In the remaining eight patients, the urinary pH did not fall below 5.5 (6.4 +/- 0.2) with acidosis, and we failed to lower the urinary pH and increase fractional potassium excretion to normal by administering a mineralocorticoid and sodium sulfate. A syndrome of hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis may occur in patients with obstructive uropathy. In some patients, this syndrome results from a defect in hydrogen and potassium secretion in the distal nephron rather than from aldosterone deficiency. Obstructive uropathy should be included in the differential diagnosis of hyperkalemic acidosis and renal insufficiency.
Diplopia following cataract extraction.

Diplopia following cataract extraction occurs in approximately 1% of cases or less. With over 1.5 million cataract extractions per year, this can lead to a considerable morbidity. It is typically a...
Relationship of ryegrass growth to extractable phosphorus in acidic soil amended with phosphate rock, coal combustion by‐product, limestone, and cellulose

Abstract An improved management of phosphorus (P) is crucial for increasing crop production and improving environmental quality of acid infertile soils. Laboratory analyses and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of phosphate rock (PR), coal combustion by‐product (BP), limestone, and cellulose application on the relationship between soil test P and crop growth in acidic soil. Application of PR, BP, limestone, and cellulose increased soil pH, exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and extractable P, and decreased free aluminum (Al) ion in the acid soil. Addition of BP or limestone increased P availability efficiency [PAE, mg dry matter yield (DMY) of plant per mg soil extractable P by Olsen‐P procedure] and P utilization efficiency (PUE, mg DMY of plant per mg P in the plant). There was significant positive correlation between the PAE and BP rates applied alone (r2=O.979, p<0.01) or with either PR (r2=0.972, p<0.01) or PR plus cellulose (r2=0.985, p<0.01). The PUE of ryegrass w...
Explicit solutions for carrier waves supporting surface waves and plate waves

Time-harmonic surface waves in a half-space (x3 ≥ 0) and plate waves in a layer (− h ≤ x3 ≤ h) of a homogeneous transversely isotropic linearly elastic solid, where the x1x2-plane is the plane of transverse isotropy, have been reconsidered. The displacement components are expressed in terms of a carrier wave which defines the propagation in the x1x2-plane, and which supports the sub-surface motion in the half-space and the thickness motion of the plate. The carrier wave can be any solution of the reduced wave equation for a membrane.
Treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the current status of research in the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Method A Medline search was conducted for articles on pharmacological or psychosocial treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Results There are no controlled studies with adequate sample size of the efficacy of lithium (or any other treatments) in bipolar children and adolescents. Two large open studies suggest that, overall, lithium is beneficial, but there also are reports of lithium resistance in bipolar children and adolescents. Small open studies suggest that mood-congruent delusions and hallucinations may be treated successfully with lithium alone. Data on adjuncts or alternatives to lithium in bipolar children and adolescents are sparse. Several controlled studies have been published on psychosocial treatment of child and adolescent depression, but none on mania. Conclusions Pharmacological and psychosocial treatments of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents are understudied. There is a need for well-designed, controlled studies of lithium and alternative medications as well as adjunctive psychosocial treatments. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1995, 34, 6:732–741.
The Stentless Porcine Aortic Root for Reconstruction of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

There are various congenital cardiac diseases that require repeat reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Several options are available for RVOT reconstruction. We present the technique of utilizing the stentless porcine aortic root (Prima; Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA; Freestyle; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) for RVOT reconstruction. The porcine aortic root was initially developed for replacement and reconstruction of the aortic root. However, it was subsequently recognized to be versatile enough for RVOT reconstruction. 1 There are 2 commercially available porcine aortic roots, the Freestyle (available in diameters 19‐29 mm) and Prima (available in diameters 21‐29 mm). WeroutinelyusetheFreestyle19-mmconduit,andPrimafor all other size conduits larger than 19 mm. Patients with tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, as well as those undergoingaRossprocedure,arecandidatesforthisconduit.Itcan be used for replacement of stenotic and calcified conduits, and also to provide a competent pulmonary valve in the RVOT position in patients who have had a previous transannular patch. We use published nomograms to determine the size of pulmonary valve required by body surface area and then try to upsize it up to a Z-score 2 (range 1t o 3). We do not upsize it larger than a Z-score 3 because this has the potential for sternal compression and valve failure. 2 The reoperative techniques are standardized. We obtain preoperative echocardiogram and either a cardiac catheterization or a magnetic resonance imaging scan. These studies help us determine any additional procedures that might need to be done at the time of the conduit replacement. The groin vesselsarealsoevaluatedwithduplexstudies.Thepositionof the current conduit in relationship to the sternum is also noted.
Modifications, tweaks, and bug fixes in architectural tactics

Architectural qualities such as reliability, performance, and security, are often realized in a software system through the adoption of tactical design decisions such as the decision to use redundant processes, a heartbeat monitor, or a specific authentication mechanism. Such decisions are critical for delivering a system that meets its quality requirements. Despite the stability of high-level decisions, our analysis has shown that tactic-related classes tend to be modified more frequently than other classes and are therefore stronger predictors of change than traditional Object-Oriented coupling and cohesion metrics. In this paper we present the results from this initial study, including an analysis of why tactic-related classes are changed, and a discussion of the implications of these findings for maintaining architectural quality over the lifetime of a software system.
The structure of words and syllables: Evidence from errors in speech

Abstract This study examines syllabic and morphological determinants of synonymic intrusions such as BEHORTMENT, an inadvertent combination of BEHAVIOR and DEPORTMENT. Statistical analyses of 133 synonymic intrusions in German suggested that syllables are composed of at least three subunits: segments (consonants and vowels), consonant clusters, and a subunit consisting of vowel and final consonant(s). Similar analyses of 46 synonymic intrusions in English suggested that mechanisms underlying this class of error may be universal or common to all speakers. A hierarchic model of the serial order of speech was advanced to explain the structure of words and syllables suggested by these findings. Independent support for the model was noted in the rules governing abbreviations, Pig Latin, poetic rhyme, and other types of errors in speech.
Families in Crisis: Considerations for the Use of Web-Based Treatment Models in Family Therapy

Psychological interventions have typically utilized the traditional face-to-face office visit with clients. Although this strategy has proven to be effective (Simpson, Bell, Knox, & Mitchell, 2005)...
ℋ p stability of solutions of stochastic differential equations

Solutions of systems of stochastic differential equations are shown to be stable in ℋp under ℋp perturbations of semimartingale differentials. Analogous results are obtained inpp when the solutions are not semimartingales but are only cadlag, adapted processes. Also, the solutions are shown to be stable under almost sure perturbations. These results are contrasted with the lack of stability under non-ℋp perturbations, a result originally obtained by Wong and Zakai.
Pyrolysis-photoionization mass spectrometry of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers

Abstract Pyrolysis-photoionization mass spectrometry with coherent vacuum-ultraviolet radiation was used to study ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers having a wide range of compositions and molecular weights. Samples were pyrolyzed under vacuum with a fast heating rate of ≈4 °C s −1 in the source of the mass spectrometer. The mass spectra were found to reflect changes in the methyl acrylate incorporation, though not in a straightforward fashion. Chemometric analysis (Partial Least Squares) was performed on the spectra in order to create a model for prediction of copolymer composition in the range of 2.8 mol.% methyl acrylate to 20.5%. The method was found to determine copolymer composition accurately and expediently, though with limited ability to discriminate against blends of copolymer with homopolymers of either component.
Nonstationary modeling for multivariate spatial processes

We derive a class of matrix valued covariance functions where the direct and cross-covariance functions are Matern. The parameters of the Matern class are allowed to vary with location, yielding local variances, local ranges, local geometric anisotropies and local smoothnesses. We discuss inclusion of a nonconstant cross-correlation coefficient and a valid approximation. Estimation utilizes kernel smoothed empirical covariance matrices and a locally weighted minimum Frobenius distance that yields local parameter estimates at any location. We derive the asymptotic mean squared error of our kernel smoother and discuss the case when multiple field realizations are available. Finally, the model is illustrated on two datasets, one a synthetic bivariate one-dimensional spatial process, and the second a set of temperature and precipitation model output from a regional climate model.
A revised model for predicting corrosion of materials induced by alternating voltages

A model that is an improvement upon the previous models for the corrosion of materials under superimposed voltages is proposed. In this model both impedance due to faradaic processes as well as charging current due to the double layer capacitance are considered. Closed form solutions for DC corrosion current and the root-mean-square current are obtained. It is shown that for the model under consideration, the root-mean-square current is a better indicator of the corrosion processes involved than the DC current. The root-mean-square current increases with the peak potential of the voltage and is found to be a minimum at a certain DC potential. The minimum root-mean-square current and the attendant DC potential are found to be a function of the absolute ratio of the anodic Tafel slope to the cathodic slope (r). For example, for r less than and greater than unity, the DC potential at which the root-mean-square current is a minimum is, respectively, more active and more noble than the DC corrosion potential. For r equal to unity, the DC potential at which the root-mean-square current is a minimum is equal to the DC corrosion potential. The total r.m.s. current is found to increase with the frequency of the superimposed alternating voltage and the Tafel slope ratio, r.
45.3: Pentacene Organic Thin-Film Transistor Integrated with Color Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals Display (CTNLCD)

Pentacene Organic Thin-Film Transistor (OTFT) integrated with Color Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals Display (CTNLCD) has been developed. This display used photolithography, pentacene deposition, color filter and TNLC. In addition, we successfully develop the OTFT passivation layer process to avoid the damage of TNLC. Above these processes are integrated to manufacture the 3 inch CTNLCD panels with 64 ×128 pixels.
Suppression-Induced Reduction in the Specificity of Autobiographical Memories

To extend its relevance to everyday forgetting, we applied the think/no-think (TNT) suppression method devised by Anderson and Green (2001) to autobiographical memories. Dysphoric and nondysphoric participants first generated autobiographical memories and corresponding titles to neutral and emotionally positive or negative cues. During the TNT phase, participants repeatedly practiced responding to some cues with their associated titles and avoiding thoughts about titles and memories associated with other cues. Later, they were asked to report memories associated with all cues, including baseline cues not presented during the TNT phase. Results revealed impaired recall, as measured by reductions in specificity, for suppressed memories relative to baseline memories. Also, regardless of TNT instructions, memories of dysphoric students who had received negative cues became less specific and less negative than they were at the outset.
The effects of 3-MeV proton radiation on an aromatic polysulfone†

3-MeV proton beam irradiation studies have been carried out on a commercial aromatic polysulfone (Udell 1700). Physical and mechanical property changes have been monitored as a function of dose. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses have also been performed on the irradiated samples. Results have been compared to those from previous studies with electrons and γ-radiation. A mechanism of proton-induced degradation is proposed.
Sobibor: A History of a Nazi Death Camp – By Jules Schelvis

The author of this book is uniquely qualified to write about Sobibor. He survived a brief stay at this death camp, where his wife and other relatives were murdered in 1943. He also served as a witn...
Blogging pragmatics and pedagogy: An adventure in faculty development

As university faculty are increasingly called upon to `do more with less,' particularly to teach more students with fewer resources, technology can provide viable solutions to pedagogical dilemmas. Faculty developers are frequently tasked with introducing faculty to or coaching them in the use of technological solutions. With respect to blogs, the typical show-and-tell approach to technology awareness that our faculty development center uses seemed inadequate, given the complexity of blog design, implementation, and maintenance. Instead, we found the best way to instruct university faculty in the use of blogs is to give them an opportunity to participate in a blogging community as part of a Course in College Teaching (CCT). We experimented with two different approaches in two different sections of our CCT. This paper reports on the current blogging culture in higher education, describes our specific context for utilizing blogs, shares implementation decisions and learning affordances, and forwards a set of `lessons learned.'
Physicochemical studies of human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase.

O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, present in most organisms, removes mutagenic and carcinogenic O6-alkylguanine from DNA by accepting the alkyl group in a stoichiometric reaction. The protein has been partially purified from human placenta. It reacts with second-order rate constants of 2.20 × 108 and 0.067 × 108 lmol-1 min-1 at 37°C for duplex and single-stranded DNA substrates, respectively. The corresponding value for the alkylated base in synthetic poly(dC, dG, m6dG) is 0.02 × 108 lmol−1 min−1. The native protein is monomeric with a molecular mass of 22–24 kDa. Methylation of the protein does not lead to a gross change in its conformation but causes a slight reduction in its isoelectric point of 6.2. Although DNA protects the protein from heat inactivation, both duplex and single-stranded DNAs inhibit its activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The transferase reaction rate is also strongly inhibited by salt with about 20% of the maximum rate observed in physiological ionic strength. This inhibition is nonspecific with respect to the ions of univalent salts.
Incidence and management of intercostal patch aneurysms after repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms

Objective The reimplantation of intercostal arteries during the repair of descending thoracic aortic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms preserves spinal cord perfusion and might reduce the risk of spinal cord ischemic injury. However, the retained cuff of native aortic tissue around the intercostal vessels might become aneurysmal. We reviewed our experience with patients who had intercostal patch aneurysms after descending thoracic aortic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Methods From January 1986 to July 2008, 38 patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms and 117 patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms underwent surgical repair with cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermic circulatory arrest, and intercostal artery reimplantation as a Carrel patch. Eleven (7.1%) of these 155 patients (2 with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms and 9 with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms) developed intercostal patch aneurysms that required surgical treatment. Using either a repeat open operation (n = 8) or endovascular stent graft placement (n = 3), we repaired 11 intercostal patch aneurysms a mean of 5.3 years after the initial repair (range, 0.1–13.7 years). Five of the 11 patients had Marfan syndrome. Results There were no in-hospital deaths or reoperations for bleeding, strokes, or spinal cord ischemic injury, and no patient had renal failure requiring dialysis. Two patients had late aortic graft infections. During the follow-up interval that extended to 7.5 years, there were 6 late deaths from 31 to 90 months postoperatively. Conclusions Intercostal patch aneurysms are a complication of the sparing of intercostal arteries during thoracic aneurysm repair. They can be safely repaired with either open or endovascular techniques.
Functionality Evaluation of a Novel Smart Expandable Pedicle Screw to Mitigate Osteoporosis Effect in Bone Fixation: Modeling and Experimentation

This paper proposes a novel expandable-retractable pedicle screw and analyzes its functionality. A specially designed pedicle screw is described which has the ability to expand and retract using nitinol elements. The screw is designed to expand in body temperature and retract by cooling the screw. This expansion-retraction function is verified in an experiment designed in larger scale using a nitinol antagonistic assembly. The results of this experiment are compared to the results of a finite element model developed in Abaqus in combination with a user material subroutine (UMAT). This code has been developed to analyze the nonlinear thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloy materials. The functionality of the proposed screw is evaluated with simulation and experimentation in a pullout test as well. The pullout force of a normal screw inserted in a normal bone was simulated, and the result is compared with the results of the expandable screw in osteoporotic bone. Lastly, strength of the designed pedicle screw in a foam block is also verified with experiment. The reported finite element simulations and experiments are the proof for the concept of nitinol expandable-retractable elements on a pedicle screw which validate the functionality in a pullout test.
ECMO at Heart Transplant Listing: Has Waitlist Survival Improved in the Era of Pediatric VAD Support?

Purpose As pediatric VAD use in the US has grown, wait-list mortality for children listed for heart transplant (HT) has decreased. It is unclear whether this decrease applies to children at highest risk of waitlist mortality, specifically children supported on ECMO or a ventilator at listing. Methods and Materials All patients Results Of 5,430 children listed for HT, 647 children were listed for HT while on ECMO. The number of patients (average 59 per year) and baseline characteristics of patient on ECMO at listing did not change appreciably over the 10-year period. For all patients, overall waitlist mortality declined 44% from 25% in 2001 to 14% (P figure 1 ] Conclusions While overall pediatric heart transplant waitlist mortality has improved significantly for US children in the past decade, waitlist mortality for the sickest children listed from ECMO or mechanical ventilation has not changed. Further research is needed to understand why the sickest patients do not appear to be benefiting from recent advances in circulatory support and refinements in organ allocation.
A neural network for image-based vehicle detection☆

Abstract Vehicle detection on roadways is useful for a variety of traffic engineering applications from intersection signal control to transportation planning. Traditional detection methods have relied on mechanical or electrical devices placed on top of, or embedded in, pavements. These systems are relatively expensive to install, tend to be unreliable over time, and are limited in their capabilities. Considerable research has been conducted in the area of machine vision for Wide Area Vehicle Detections Systems (WADS). These systems have typically employed conventional image processing and pattern matching algorithms, and many installations have been sensitive to varying lighting conditions, camera perspective, and shadows. In addition, these systems have often required large amounts of computing resources. This paper reports on the development of a new image based vehicle detection system that is based on a simple back propagation/feedforward neural network for tracking vehicles. Application of this concept in a field system is discussed and preliminary results are presented. These results suggest that the neural network vehicle tracking model can be used to reliably detect vehicles. In addition, the training capability of the neural network detection model permits the system to adapt to variations in lighting and camera placement. This should lead to simplified installation and maintenance of WADS.
Clinical Value of Angiocardiography

Six cases with angiocardiographic studies are illustrated: One with a cardiac lesion, two with non-vascular and three with vascular lesions. The cases illustrate a left ventricular aneurysm; two nonvascular mediastinal lesions: a retrosternal thyroid, and a chronic lymphatic leukemia; an aneurysm of the innominate artery; an arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the descending aorta; and multiple aneurysms of the aortic arch.
Detection of Biomolecular Binding by Fourier-Transform SPR

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a widely used label-free detection technique that has many applications in drug discovery, pharmacokinetics, systems biology and food science. The SPR technique measures the dynamics of a biomolecular interaction at a surface, yielding kinetic association and dissociation constants. Present SPR systems measure the step response of the interaction in time domain hence are subject to time-varying noise disturbances and drifts that limit the minimum-detectable mass changes. This paper presents a new synchronous SPR technique that measures the biomolecular interaction not in time domain, but in frequency domain with a high degree of rejection to uncorrelated spurious signals. The new technique was implemented using a PDMS microfluidic chemical signal modulator chip connected to a set of on-chip functionalized Au SPR sensing sites. Preliminary experimental spectral data for a model system of carbonic anhydrase binding demonstrates the feasibility of the new spectral technique.
Academic Faculty Qualifications for Community/Public Health Nursing: An Association of Community Health Nursing Educators Position Paper

The Association of Community Health Nursing Educators (ACHNE) has developed a number of documents designed to delineate the scope and function of community/public health nursing (C/PHN) educators, researchers, and practitioners. Consistent with the mission of ACHNE, this position paper entitled Academic Faculty Qualifications for Community/Public Health Nursing has been developed by the Faculty Qualifications Task Force. The shortage of qualified nursing faculty has been well documented. In particular, this shortage has increased the difficulty in having sufficient numbers of faculty who are educationally and experientially qualified to teach in the C/PHN specialty. ACHNE is addressing this concern by setting forth preferred qualifications for faculty to teach C/PHN at both the graduate and undergraduate level. While we recognize that the current faculty shortage may require schools to use faculty to teach in areas in which they do not have appropriate formal preparation, the paper outlines best practices for teaching C/PHN, a goal we urge all schools of nursing to work toward. Task Force members developed an earlier draft of the document in fall 2008, and input was solicited and received from ACHNE members and considered in the final document, which was approved by the ACHNE Executive Board in July 2009.
A Secure Information Flow Architecture for Web Services

Current Web service platforms (WSPs) often perform all Web services-related processing, including security-sensitive information handling, in the same protection domain. Consequently, the entire WSP may have access to security-sensitive information such as credit card numbers, forcing us to trust a large and complex piece of software. To address this problem, we propose ISO-WSP, a new information flow architecture that decomposes current WSPs into two parts executing in separate protection domains: (1) a small trusted T-WSP to handle security-sensitive data, and (2) a large, legacy untrusted U-WSP that provides the normal WSP functionality, but uses the T-WSP for security-sensitive data handling. By restricting security-sensitive data access to T-WSP, ISO-WSP reduces the software complexity of trusted code, thereby improving the testability of ISO-WSP. Using a prototype implementation based on the Apache Axis2 WSP, we show that ISO-WSP reduces software complexity of trusted components by a factor of five, while incurring a modest performance overhead of few milliseconds per request.