cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Politics, Philosophy, Writing: Plato's Art of Caring for Souls. Edited by Zdravko Planinc. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001. 261p. $19.95

The edited volume Politics, Philosophy, Writing attempts to contribute to the reinterpretation of Plato's dialogues by clarifying some issues they addressed. In each chapter the author attempts to expand on specific mystical, poetic, or political themes in individual dialogues that have not previously received enough treatment. For example, Leon Craig elaborates on the politic elements of Plato's Meno , a dialogue usually considered a primarily epistemological work. This reinterpretation of Plato tries to overcome some of the recent misuse of Plato by modern and postmodern thinkers that has resulted in Plato being reduced to “a footnote in the works of other philosophers” (p. 1). The authors of Politics, Philosophy, Writing succeed in raising some interesting issues in the dialogues and refuting several prevalent misconceptions as they detail Plato's attention to caring for souls.
Note on Comparison of model selection for regression by Vladimir Cherkassky and Yunqian Ma

While Cherkassky and Ma (2003) raise some interesting issues in comparing techniques for model selection, their article appears to be written largely in protest of comparisons made in our book, Elements of Statistical Learning (2001). Cherkassky and Ma feel that we falsely represented the structural risk minimization (SRM) method, which they defend strongly here.In a two-page section of our book (pp. 212-213), we made an honest attempt to compare the SRM method with two related techniques, Aikaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Apparently, we did not apply SRM in the optimal way. We are also accused of using contrived examples, designed to make SRM look bad.Alas, we did introduce some careless errors in our original simulation-- errors that were corrected in the second and subsequent printings. Some of these errors were pointed out to us by Cherkassky and Ma (we supplied them with our source code), and as a result we replaced the assessment "SRM performs poorly overall" with a more moderate "the performance of SRM is mixed" (p. 212). These and other corrections can be seen in the errata section on-line at http://www-stat.stanford.edu/ElemStatLearn.
Metal-insulator transition at B=0 in p-type SiGe

Observations are reported of a metal-insulator transition in a two-dimensional hole gas in asymmetrically doped strained SiGe quantum wells. The metallic phase, which appears at low temperatures in these high-mobility samples, is characterized by a resistivity that decreases exponentially with decreasing temperature. This behavior, and the duality between resistivity and conductivity on the two sides of the transition are very similar to that recently reported for high-mobility Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.
Tissue factor activity is increased in human endothelial cells cultured under elevated static pressure.

We tested the hypothesis that elevated blood pressure, a known stimulus for vascular remodeling and an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic disease, can modulate basal and...
Optimal Multirobot Path Planning on Graphs: Complete Algorithms and Effective Heuristics

We study optimal multirobot path planning on graphs ( $\text{MPP}$ ) over four minimization objectives: the makespan (last arrival time), the maximum (single-robot traveled) distance, the total arrival time, and the total distance. Having established previously that these objectives are distinct and NP-hard to optimize, in this paper, we focus on efficient algorithmic solutions for solving these optimal $\text{MPP}$ problems. Toward this goal, we first establish a one-to-one solution mapping between $\text{MPP}$ and a special type of multiflow network. Based on this equivalence and integer linear programming (ILP), we design novel and complete algorithms for optimizing over each of the four objectives. In particular, our exact algorithm for computing optimal makespan solutions is a first that is capable of solving extremely challenging problems with robot-vertex ratios as high as $100\%$ . Then, we further improve the computational performance of these exact algorithms through the introduction of principled heuristics, at the expense of slight optimality loss. The combination of ILP model based algorithms and the heuristics proves to be highly effective, allowing the computation of $1.x$ -optimal solutions for problems containing hundreds of robots, densely populated in the environment, often in just seconds.
Respiratory Viral Testing and Influenza Antiviral Prescriptions During Hospitalization for Acute Respiratory Illnesses

We examined respiratory viral testing and influenza antiviral prescriptions at a US tertiary care hospital. During the 2010-11 to 2012-13 influenza seasons, antiviral prescriptions among acute respiratory illness (ARI) hospitalizations were associated with viral testing (rate ratio = 15.0), and empiric prescriptions were rare (<1% of ARI hospitalizations).
The E-Tailing Revolution: The Tip of the Iceberg

India has a large and growing retail marketplace but a small portion of it can be attributed to organized retail, retail sales generated by organized establishments such as neighborhood stores like Reliance Fresh, Big Bazaar et al. The overall retail market generated more than US$ 540 billion worldwide sales in 2013 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8–9% over the next 3–5 years. The organized retail accounted for about 10 % of the market in 2013, much of its revenue was generated in the SEC A, B (metro cities). Regions outside the top-eight metros contributed 60% of overall retail revenue, but less than 40% of the organized retail revenue. The penetration of organized retail will increase to account for about 15% of the total market in the next five years, but will remain low outside the metropolitan Cities.
High-Speed 850 nm Oxide-Confined Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers

We have previously demonstrated record modulation bandwidths for oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells [1].
Sex‐Ratio Selection In A Bivoltine Thrips. I. Conditional Sex‐Ratio Manipulation And Fitness Variation

Females of the bivoltine thrips Elaphrothrips tuberculatus (Hood) (Insecta: Thysanoptera) produce broods of either all males (by viviparity) or all females (by oviparity). Measurements of the sex-allocation ratio, ecological and physiological conditions affecting male and female offspring body size, and correlates of the relative fitnesses of adult males and females in relation to size indicate that female parents tend to be viviparous (produce males) if their offspring will become relatively large adults, and that males gain more in fitness from large size than do females. However, the conditions that link sex allocation with offspring fitness differ between the spring and summer generations. In spring, when breeding is synchronous, 1) oviparous and viviparous females do not differ in body size, 2) females tend to be viviparous where the fungus upon which they feed is relatively dense and where their offspring will become relatively large adults, and 3) fungus density is highly correlated with male and female offspring size. In summer, when breeding is relatively asynchronous, 1) viviparous females are much larger than oviparous females early (but not late) in the season, 2) large viviparous females begin breeding earlier than smaller ones, 3) offspring developing earlier in the season become larger adults, and 4) a higher proportion of females are viviparous earlier than later. Field experiments and field collections show that the covariation among sex allocation, conditions, and fitness is not caused by differential mortality by size or sex. Differences between the spring and summer generations in the cues used by females to adjust offspring sex ratio may be caused by seasonal variation in the factors that affect offspring size. However, in both generations, females tend to produce sons only when their offspring will become relatively large adults, whereas daughters are produced regardless of offspring size. These data suggest that females of E. tuberculatus avoid production of males (the sex with higher variance in expected fitness) when the size of their offspring is relatively uncertain.
Young Planners Congress 2014: “Forging Adventure: Shaping a Destination”

A conference report from the 2014 New Zealand Planning Institute Young Planners Conference held in Queenstown.
Minnesota general surgeons. Where do they come from

A downward trend in the number of graduates from U.S. allopathic medical schools applying for general surgery residency positions has raised questions about whether there will be sufficient numbers of general surgeons to meet future needs. Of particular concern are rural areas, which some studies have suggested will increasingly feel the effects of physician shortages because of the aging physician work force, increasing overall population, and aging patient population. Where physicians are educated and trained appears to have a significant effect on where they choose to practice. This article reports on a 2004 study of where practicing general surgeons in Minnesota went to medical school and did their residencies. According to the findings, the majority received their medical school and/or residency training in the Upper Midwest, and many have come from Minnesota's own medical schools and general surgery residency programs.
Inference with three-level prior distributions in quantile regression problems

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a three level hierarchical Bayesian model for variable selection and estimation in quantile regression problems. Specifically, at the first level we consider a zero mean normal priors for the coefficients with unknown variance parameters. At the second level, we specify two different priors for the unknown variance parameters which introduce two different models producing different levels of sparsity. Then, at the third level we suggest joint improper priors for the unknown hyperparameters assuming they are independent. Simulations and Boston Housing data are utilized to compare the performance of our models with six existing models. The results indicate that our models perform good in the simulations and Boston Housing data.
Remembering the Living

Human cognition is sensitive to the distinction between living and nonliving things. Animacy plays a role in language comprehension, reasoning, the organization of knowledge, and perception. Althou...
Who sets the corporate social responsibility agenda in the news media? Unveiling the agenda-building process of corporations and a monitoring group

This study explores the roles of corporations and a monitoring group in building the corporate social responsibility (CSR) agenda in the news media. Using agenda-building theory as a theoretical framework, we content analyzed 7672 press releases from 223 U.S. corporations and 1064 news articles covering those corporations from the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal and investigated the relationships among press releases, news articles related to the corporations, and the ratings of those corporations by KLD Research and Analytics, Inc., a corporate social performance monitoring group. The results showed stronger relationships between the KLD ratings and the news media coverage than between the press releases and the news media coverage at the first level of the CSR agenda, but there were variations at the second level of the CSR agenda. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Women’s Agency Scale:

We investigate the Women’s Agency Scale (WAS) using 2006-2012 panel data for 4,012 married women from the Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey. A confirmatory factor analysis shows women’s agency is ...
Unstable Angina and Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Unstable angina (UA) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) represent part of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) spectrum that also includes ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Combined, UA and NSTEMI are known as non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). Recent estimates suggest that 1.4 million hospitalizations occur annually for ACS events in the United States, with 558,000 for UA alone (1). Of those patients with elevated cardiac biomarkers suggestive of myocardial infarction (MI), at least one-half may be classified as NSTEMI (1, 2).
Reliability, Accuracy, and Refractoriness of a Transit Reaction

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to obtain further information on transit reactions. Analysis of results revealed that: (1) Test-retest reliabilities were high enough (.95-.84) to suggest passable reliabilities for transit measures; (2) the absolute error for performance with knowledge of results was significantly smaller than that for performance without knowledge of results; (3) performance with and without knowledge of results was remarkably free of systematic biases; (4) the introduction of catch trials increased the absolute and constant errors; and (5) the estimated threshold refractory period was 166 msec.
Using the EPDS to Identify Anxiety in Mothers of Infants on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Despite the prevalence of postpartum depression and anxiety, current screening recommendations are limited to depression symptoms. Screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (EPDS-A) may enhance ability to detect distress in postpartum women. We aimed to replicate the EPDS-A in 200 mothers with infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and examine its incremental utility in identifying emotional distress. Presence of the EPDS-A was identified using exploratory factor analysis. Women experiencing elevated anxiety were identified using a previously established cutoff score. Results replicated the EPDS-A for the first time in mothers with infants hospitalized in the NICU. In all, 21.9% of these women had elevated anxiety symptoms and nearly one quarter of them would have been missed in routine depression screening. Use of the EPDS-A, in addition to the total EPDS score, is a promising approach to identifying anxious women in need of further evaluation, treatment, or support.
Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus increases pointing error during memory-guided sequential reaching

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) significantly improves clinical motor symptoms, as well as intensive aspects of movement like velocity and amplitude in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effects of bilateral STN DBS on integrative and coordinative aspects of motor control are equivocal. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bilateral STN DBS on integrative and coordinative aspects of movement using a memory-guided sequential reaching task. The primary outcomes were eye and finger velocity and end-point error. We expected that bilateral STN DBS would increase reaching velocity. More importantly, we hypothesized that bilateral STN DBS would increase eye and finger end-point error and this would not simply be the result of a speed accuracy trade-off. Ten patients with PD and bilaterally implanted subthalamic stimulators performed a memory-guided sequential reaching task under four stimulator conditions (DBS-OFF, DBS-LEFT, DBS-RIGHT, and DBS-BILATERAL) over 4 days. DBS-BILATERAL significantly increased eye velocity compared to DBS-OFF, DBS-LEFT, and DBS-RIGHT. It also increased finger velocity compared to DBS-OFF and DBS-RIGHT. DBS-BILATERAL did not change eye end-point error. The novel finding was that DBS-BILATERAL increased finger end-point error compared to DBS-OFF, DBS-LEFT, and DBS-RIGHT even after adjusting for differences in velocity. We conclude that bilateral STN DBS may facilitate basal ganglia-cortical networks that underlie intensive aspects of movement like velocity, but it may disrupt selective basal ganglia-cortical networks that underlie certain integrative and coordinative aspects of movement such as spatial accuracy.
CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT ENKEPHALIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN RAT BRAIN AND BOVINE ADRENAL MEDULLA

Summary Assay of high molecular weight soluble proteins in rat brain revealed the presence of two peaks of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity: one (>100,000 MW) non-specifically interacted with immunoglobulins, and a second (MW ~ 40,000) reacted in both met-and leu-enkephalin radioimmunoassays. Incubation of the second peak with trypsin resulted in the formation of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity of MW approx. 1000 and loss of activity in the 40,000 MW peak. These results suggest that enkephalin in brain may be formed by breakdown of large precursors by non-trypsin proteases. Analysis of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin granules reveals two different peaks, MW approx. 30,000 and MW approx. 600-1000. Preliminary results suggest that these adrenal components differ from the brain 40,000 MW activity and with enkephalin itself.
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure of buried interfacial magnetism measured by using a scanning tunneling microscope tip

Magnetism at buried interfaces plays a crucial role in many emerging phenomena, but detection of interfacial magnetism in close proximity to a surface with elemental and chemical sensitivity is a challenging task. Here, we use low temperature synchrotron x-ray scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and the near edge x-ray absorption fine structure of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-LaNiO3 superlattices. In stark contrast to the weak magnetic signal of Mn when the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 layers are located on top, a robust x-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal is detected when they are buried underneath the LaNiO3 layers. The near edge x-ray absorption fine structure reveals the valence states of manganese, while the oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption spectra show an increase in hole formation, indicating a cogent charge transfer at the LaNiO3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 interface. This work demonstrates that scanning tunneling microscopy can be extended to the synchrotron X-ray study of buried interfaces by controlling the tip-sample separation in the nanometer regime.
Detecting Poisoning Attacks on Machine Learning in IoT Environments

Machine Learning (ML) plays an increasing role in Internet of Things (IoT), both in the Cloud and at the Edge, using trained models for applications from factory automation to environmental sensing. However, using ML in IoT environments presents unique security challenges. In particular, adversaries can manipulate the training data by tampering with sensors' measurements. This type of attack, known as a poisoning attack has been shown to significantly decrease overall performance, cause targeted misclassification or bad behavior, and insert "backdoors" and "neural trojans". Taking advantage of recently developed tamper-free provenance frameworks, we present a methodology that uses contextual information about the origin and transformation of data points in the training set to identify poisonous data. Our approach works with or without a trusted test data set. Using the proposed approach poisoning attacks can be effectively detected and mitigated in IoT environments with reliable provenance information.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Study Mechanisms of Laminopathies: Focus on Epigenetics

Laminopathies are a group of rare degenerative disorders that manifest with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, including both systemic multi-organ disorders, such as the Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), and tissue-restricted diseases, such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and lipodystrophies, often overlapping. Despite their clinical heterogeneity, which remains an open question, laminopathies are commonly caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding the nuclear proteins Lamin A and C. These two proteins are main components of the nuclear lamina and are involved in several biological processes. Besides the well-known structural function in the nucleus, their role in regulating chromatin organization and transcription has emerged in the last decade, supporting the hypothesis that the disruption of this layer of regulation may be mechanism underlying the disease. Indeed, recent studies that show various epigenetic defects in cells carrying LMNA mutations, such as loss of heterochromatin, changes in gene expression and chromatin remodeling, strongly support this view. However, those findings are restricted to few cell types in humans, mainly because of the limited accessibility of primary cells and the difficulties to culture them ex-vivo. On the other hand, animal models might fail to recapitulate phenotypic hallmarks of the disease as of humans. To fill this gap, models based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) technology have been recently generated that allowed investigations on diverse cells types, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular and smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, and provided a platform for investigating mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of laminopathies in a cell-type specific human context. Nevertheless, studies on iPSC-based models of laminopathy have expanded only in the last few years and, with the advancement of reprogramming and differentiation protocols, their number is expecting to further increase over time. This review will give an overview of models developed thus far, with a focus on the novel insights on epigenetic mechanisms underlying the disease in different human cellular contexts. Perspectives and future directions of the field will be also given, highlighting the potential of those models for preclinical studies for identifying molecular targets and their translational impact on patients' cure.
A pilot study to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a coordinated intervention design to address treatment engagement challenges in school mental health services

Abstract Treatment engagement is a significant challenge in school mental health services. Despite a growing evidence base on effective interventions for treatment engagement, attempts to address these challenges rarely leverage the available relevant research. To close this gap, this pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and initial implementation outcomes of a coordinated knowledge system (CKS) designed to support the efforts of school mental health (SMH) professionals to address treatment engagement challenges. A sample of four supervisors and their supervisees (n = 17) with master's of social work degrees serving youth within an urban SMH program were randomly assigned to either (a) a CKS condition that offered a unified set of resources to structure decisions about treatment engagement or (b) a survey plus practice guidelines (SPG) condition, in which resources were provided without an explicit model for their coordinated use. Feasibility was assessed quantitatively, acceptability was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively, and initial implementation outcomes were evaluated using a behavioral observation coding system. Results provided strong support for the feasibility and acceptability of the study design, instrumentation, and interventions. It appears that the CKS can be feasibly implemented with good acceptability. Patterns of initial implementation strongly suggested that, relative to the SPG, the CKS supports identification of engagement problems as well as intervention selection and planning. Findings also identified modifications to study procedures that would be necessary in a future study. A larger trial using similar methodology and instrumentation could yield important findings about the effectiveness of the CKS in clinical practice and could articulate the mechanisms by which it operates.
Preserving the Female Genome in Trehalose Glass at Supra-Zero Temperatures: The Relationship Between Moisture Content and DNA Damage in Feline Germinal Vesicles

Maintaining a stable dry state is critical for long-term preservation of live biomaterials at suprazero temperatures. The objective of the study was to characterize the effect of moisture content on DNA integrity within the germinal vesicle (GV) of feline oocytes following dehydration and storage at 22–24 °C. Using microwave-assisted drying, conditions that led to a predictable and stable moisture content in trehalose solutions were determined. To explore moisture content stability during storage, trehalose samples were dried for 15 min and stored in glass vials at 11 or 43% RH for 8 weeks. To examine whether this condition allowed proper storage of GVs, permeabilized cat oocytes were incubated in trehalose for 10 min and dried for 15 or 30 min. Oocytes then were rehydrated to assess DNA integrity either directly after drying or after 8 weeks of storage in an 11% RH environment. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the states of dried samples during storage. Moisture content was stable during the storage period. There was no significant difference in DNA integrity between fresh and dried samples without storage. After 8 weeks of storage, DNA integrity was maintained in GVs dried for 30 min. Samples dried for 15 min and stored were compromised, suggesting crystallization of the preservation matrix during storage. Biostabilization was optimal when samples were directly processed to moisture contents consistent with storage in the glassy state. Microwave-assisted drying processing and storage conditions were optimized to ensure stable long-term storage of structural and functional properties of genetic resources.
TRPV1 residues vital to protection against 4-HNE modification, preservation of channel activity and microvascular function

We previously demonstrated enhanced 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) post-translational modification (PTM) of TRPV1 decreases TRPV1 functional expression and contributes to microvascular dysfunction in dia...
A computational investigation of strain concentration in the brain in response to a rapid temperature rise.

Abstract Following the mysterious health attacks on U.S. diplomats in Cuba in 2016, the cause of concussion-like symptoms concurrent with strange noises heard by the diplomats remains undetermined. A wide range of possible causes of the sensations have been proposed: pulsed microwave exposure, infrasound acoustic devices, pesticides/neurotoxins, and even mass hysteria (psychogenic illness). Here, we numerically examine the pulsed microwave exposure hypothesis and the simulated mechanical response of brain tissue. A computational model is used to examine the influence of various spatially varying temperature gradients and pulse durations on the mechanical response of brain tissue. We show that a stress-focusing effect due to a rapid temperature increase may result in brain tissue strains larger than the initially applied thermal strains.
Theoretical vehicle bridge interaction model for bridges with non-simply supported boundary conditions

Abstract Theoretical vehicle bridge interaction (VBI) models have been widely studied for decades for the simply supported boundary condition but not for the other boundary conditions. This paper presents the mathematical models for several non-simply supported boundary conditions including both ends fixed, fixed simply supported, and one end fixed the other end free (cantilever) boundary condition. The closed-form solutions can be found under the assumption that the vehicle acceleration magnitude is far lower than the gravitational acceleration constant. The analytical solutions are then illustrated on a specific bridge example to compare the responses due to different bridge boundary conditions, and to study different vehicle parameter effects on extracting multiple bridge frequencies (five) from the vehicle responses. A signal drift phenomenon can be observed on the acceleration response of both the bridge and the vehicle, while a camel hump phenomenon can be observed on the Fast Fourier analysis of the vehicle acceleration signal. The parameter study shows that the vehicle frequency is preferred to be high due to the attenuation effect on the bridge frequencies that are higher than the vehicle frequency. The vehicle speed parameter is preferred to be low to reduce both the camel hump phenomenon and the vehicle acceleration magnitude, while both the vehicle mass and damping parameter have little effect on the multiple bridge frequencies extraction from the vehicle. Besides presenting the explicit solutions for calibrating other numerical models, this study also demonstrates the feasibility of the vehicle-based bridge health monitoring approach, as any bridge anomaly due to deterioration may be sensitively reflected on the bridge frequency list extracted from the vehicle response.
Chile: A Role Model of Export Diversification Policies?

Largely because of its vast copper reserves, Chile’s exports are highly concentrated on this low complexity product and this is often cited as a major drawback of its economic policy framework. However, its exogenous copper abundance conceals the country’s success in developing non-mineral and complex exports. This achievement is remarkable considering its remoteness from the large international economic centers, which limits its integration to global value chains. As suggested in this paper, this accomplishment reflects Chile’s strength in policy areas that foster non-mineral exports (including complex exports), making the country a role model in export diversification and complexity policies among emerging market countries.
A Semi-portable Enclosure to Measure Emission Rates from Small Fugitive Sources: Leaf Blower Dust Example

ABSTRACT Small fugitive particulate matter (PM) sources may make significant impacts to urban air pollution. The PM emission rates for most of these have not been measured due to the difficulty involved. The EPA addresses some fugitive emission rates in their AP-42 document and these generally were developed from upwind-downwind sampling. A semi-portable enclosure was designed and evaluated for determining PM emission rates from landscape cleaning operations such as leaf blowing, raking, and sweeping. The method consisted of an enclosure to confine PM emissions while performing these activities on actual in-use surfaces while making measurements using real-time PM analyzers. In this enclosure the cleaning equipment could be operated in the same way as normally done. To evaluate the enclosure’s mixing and exchange rates, propene gas was released and used as a tracer. PM emission rates were then calculated from measured concentrations, the dimensions of the enclosure, and area over which the cleaning operation was performed. To evaluate this method, cleaning operations were performed after the pavement floor was vacuumed and then spiked with surrogate debris. To make actual emission rate measurements, the enclosure was placed over landscape with debris from normal grounds maintenance activities. Emission rates were determined as a function of surface type and cleaning tool used. The method would be appropriate for many types of small fugitive dust sources.
TRPV1 channel activity triggered by hyperosmotic stimulation increases phosphorylated NOS activity in rat supraotic slices (1182.10)

Magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus release vasopressin (VP) from axons and somata/dendrites in response to hyperosmotic stimulation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels mediate osmosensory transduction and axonal neurosecretion in SON MNCs. Our lab has shown that osmotic-stimulated somatodendritic VP responses occur in a TRPV1- and NOS-dependent manner. Since TRPV1 activation may result in NO production, our current study examined the interaction between TRPV1 and NO synthase (NOS) under hyperosmotic conditions. Acutely dissected SON slices were prepared from adult male Holtzman rats perfused with sucrose-enriched aCSF under deep anesthesia. Slices were treated with hyperosmotic stimulation in the presence and absence of TRPV1 antagonist SB366791 (1.5 μM) and later post-fixed. Using double-label immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated stimulatory residue of neuronal NOS (p-nNOS ser1412) and combined ...
American Indian Legal Scholarship and the Courts

Is legal scholarship influential on the courts? More particularly, is American Indian legal scholarship influential on the courts? In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, tribal interests enjoyed historic success in the courts. While they didn’t win every case, tribal interests prevailed far more than they ever had prior to these few decades. Since the advent of the Rehnquist and Roberts Courts, however, those successes have once again become few and far between.American Indian legal scholarship, which rose from virtual nonexistence in the 1950s to significance in the late 1960s and 1970s, appears to have been very influential on the courts during the period of success. Every decade since the 1960s has seen a dramatic increase in the number of law review articles on the subject of American Indian law. Courts cited to an incredible percentage of the Indian law articles published in the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, but that citation pattern has leveled off since the 1980s. The lower courts continue to cite American Indian legal scholarship, but in a more limited manner. In the Supreme Court, Indian law scholarship has all but disappeared.This short paper, prepared for the Henderson Center’s Fall 2012 Symposium, “Heeding Frickey’s Call: Doing Justice in Indian Country,” presents the data on the citation patterns of American Indian legal scholarship and reviews Professor Frickey’s call as a means of introducing the conference.
Avoiding type III error in program evaluation: Results from a field experiment

A common, yet questionable assumption underlying many evaluations of service intervention programs is that program clients uniformly receive the services purportedly available. The authors draw upon the experience of a randomized field experiment to point out the hazards of that assumption. They found marked differences among clients in the amount of actual service received during participation in the program evaluated. Moreover, the data suggest that program outcomes varied as a function of the amount of service received. These findings are offered as a cautionary note to other evaluators; the amount of service actually received by clients should be accurately recorded and incorporated into the analyses of program outcomes.
Sculpture and Social Dynamics in Preclassic Mesoamerica

This book examines the functions of sculpture during the Preclassic period in Mesoamerica and its significance in statements of social identity. Julia Guernsey situates the origins and evolution of monumental stone sculpture within a broader social and political context and demonstrates the role that such sculpture played in creating and institutionalizing social hierarchies. This book focuses specifically on an enigmatic type of public, monumental sculpture known as the 'potbelly' that traces its antecedents to earlier, small domestic ritual objects and ceramic figurines. The cessation of domestic rituals involving ceramic figurines along the Pacific slope coincided not only with the creation of the first monumental potbelly sculptures, but with the rise of the first state-level societies in Mesoamerica by the advent of the Late Preclassic period. The potbellies became central to the physical representation of new forms of social identity and expressions of political authority during this time of dramatic change.
Criteria for Evaluating Secondary Data

Secondary data are market research data collected for a purpose other than the one on hand. The data have the advantage of being much less expensive and more quickly available than primary data. However, because secondary data are collected for a different purpose, one must carefully evaluate their appropriateness for a given market research situation. Secondary data should be evaluated with respect to several important criteria. The data should be accurate, that is, without errors. The data should be relevant to the particular research need on hand. Relevance is a function of the level of aggregation of the data, as well as the units and time increments in which the data are reported. The data should also come in a format that can be utilized easily. In addition, secondary data should not be out of date. Consideration should also be given to the format of the data and any restrictions on their use. When secondary data are evaluated carefully with these criteria, they can be an excellent source of inexpensive yet valuable information. Keywords: secondary data; data collection; customer databases; time series; validity
Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma with angiosarcomatoid component

We describe a case of primary renal pelvic carcinoma which showed an unusual histologic pattern of anastomosing blood-filled channels lined by atypical cells. This angiosarcomatoid pattern merged with solid areas typical of renal carcinoma. Immunoperoxidase stains for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen were positive in both the angiosarcomatoid and typical carcinomatous areas, while stains for factor VIII-related antigen and desmin were negative. Since primary renal angiosarcomas are rare neoplasms, the diagnosis of sarcomatoid renal carcinoma should be considered in primary renal neoplasms which show this angiosarcomatoid pattern.
Fluorescent-Antibody Study of Natural Finger-Like Zooloeae

Fluorescent-antibody techniques using Zoogloea ramigera 106 antiserum were used to study fresh activated sludge flocs and finger-like zoogloeae in the microbial film that developed over stored samples of activated sludge. Few cells in fresh activated sludge reacted positively with the fluorescein-labeled antiserum. Finger-like zoogloeae containing reactive cells were readily observed in the microbial film layer over stored activated sludge. Certain of the naturel finger-like projections were entirely composed of cells that reacted positively to the labeled Z. ramigera 106 antiserum, whereas other projections were devoid of reactive cells.
Improving TCP performance in TDMA-based satellite access networks

In TDMA-based MAC (media access control) protocols for satellite network access, slotted ALOHA which has been widely deployed in very small aperture terminal (VSAT) systems. More recently, generalized retransmission announcement protocol (GRAP) was proposed, which regroups the immediate access by contention at low loads and the reservation access at higher loads to achieve a better efficiency. Inspired by GRAP, we propose a new MAC protocol (CA-GRAP) using cumulative acknowledgment (CA) technique to further improve the success probability of reservation request. Furthermore, the efficiency random access in CA-GRAP is improved by introducing contention index. Our proposal does not require collision or error detection but is based only on correctly received packets, dramatically simplifying the procedure. The impact of all these protocols on TCP traffic is investigated and an upper bound of TCP throughput at high loads is derived for GRAP-based protocols. Simulation results show that our new method significantly outperforms GRAP.
Fractionation of the light chains from rat and rabbit cardiac myosin.

Abstract The low molecular weight proteins of myosin which are known as “light chains” have been individually isolated from rat and rabbit cardiac myosin by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The two species of the cardiac light chains were eluted from the gel as two well-separated peaks, each peak yielding essentially a single band on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The procedure described appears to achieve the most complete separation of cardiac light chains yet described and, in addition, permits isolation from small amounts of starting material.
Humane Executions? Assessing the Role of Families in Death Penalty Cases:

The role of pain and the wishes of families of those involved in death penalty cases are germane to addressing the Supreme Court's call to take into account whether executions are consistent with w...
Crack detection in thick annular components using ultrasonic guided waves

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of a study on circumferential guided waves in a thick annulus. Both steady state, time-harmonic waves and transient waves are considered. Several solution methods are reviewed and numerical solutions are presented for the propagation of ultrasonic circumferential waves in a thick, curved, two-dimensional annular waveguide. The modal content of the signal and the displacement profiles across the wall thickness are investigated. These studies provide valuable guidance in selecting optimal parameters for use in applications of the guided wave technique to the detection of cracks on the inner surface of annular components. Experimental results show that the technique can be used on parts with complex geometries (e. g. the pitch shaft of a helicopter) to detect cracks that would not be detectable by standard ultrasonic inspection.
Microwave catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction in closed-chest dogs.

CATHETER ABLATION of arrhythmogenic foci has become an important therapy for selected patients with drug refractory, symptomatic supraventricular tachyarrythmias (HUANG, 1994; SCHEtNMAN, 1994). Direct current (De) and more recently radio frequency (RF) are the usual sources of energy. Despite the successes, there are some significant disadvantages in using these energy sources. DC discharge creates an intense electric field that is locally injurious, and it also releases a pressure wave that can injure distant tissues (EVANS et al., 1988). RF energy induces current to flow through adjacent tissues between the electrode tip and a large grounding surface electrode. Necrotic lesions result from resistive heating that occur at the electrode-tissue interface. Consequently, the lesion size is small. Moreover, increasing the output power to heat tissue at a distance often results in excessive temperature elevation at the electrode-tissue interface without the desired enlargement of lesion size (HOYT et al., 1986; LANGBERG et al., 1990; 1993; LrN et al., 1994). Microwave antennae radiate electromagnetic waves into the surrounding heart tissue. In addition, the propagation of microwaves in tissue is governed by the source frequency, antenna configuration and tissue permittivity (L1N, 1986). By taking advantage of the propagating character and the wavelength contraction that takes place in the tissue medium, microwave antennae can be designed to give the required distribution of absorbed energy, which is then converted into heat by the lossy permittivity. Our studies in dogs during cardiopulmonary bypass have shown that microwave energy greater than 200 J, delivered to the heart through a folded dipole antenna, produces an irreversible block of the heart rhythms (L1N et al., 1995). Microwave energy is achieved either by increasing the delivered power from 20 to 40 W or by increasing the treatment duration from 7 to 11 s.
Automation and interfaces for chemistry and biochemistry in digital microfluidics

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is an emerging technology for manipulation of picoliter to microliter droplets with a wide variety of applications in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry. We review recent developments in input and output interfaces to DMF chips and advances in automation of on-chip processes that have enabled the reliability and ease of use of these devices to reach new heights.
The intercultural sensitivity of secondary teachers in Hong Kong: a comparative study with implications for professional development

Teacher education programs and teachers’ own lives in the relatively homogeneous communities of the past have hardly equipped them to assist their students to become interculturally sensitive, global citizens. This study compares the levels of intercultural sensitivity of secondary school teachers in four Hong Kong schools using the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI). Findings indicate unique IDI profiles at each of the four schools in the study and a wide range of IDI scores at each school. Implications of the findings provide the basis for recommendations for the professional development of teachers in these schools.
On the construction and interpretation of means

It is shown that the Second Mean Value Theorem for Integrals can be used to construct an infinite family of means, some of which were until now unknown and some of which were until now obtained only as limits of other means.
Finding Homes for Children: The Process and the Literature

Adoption literature now speaks with many voices. Federal and state agencies and local advocacy groups are enthusiastic supporters of adoptions, the basic belief being kids need homes. The bottleneck is the most conservative sector, the local agency. These are the agencies one deals with if planning to adopt a child. This brief essay attempts to give some perspective to the recent literature on adoption trends and practices. The numbers in parentheses refer to the entry numbers of titles in the bibliographic listing at the end of the article.
The Value of Mentorship Within Nursing Organizations

PROBLEM . Hospitals are facing nurse retention challenges in the new millennium. Nurses are abandoning the bedside because of job dissatisfaction. Mentorship programs should be developed to enhance nursing satisfaction and thus improve retention and ultimately patient outcomes. FINDINGS . Mentorship training in hospitals and the support of formal mentorship programs for new nurses are ways in which hospitals can meet this challenge. CONCLUSIONS . This paper offers an overview of recent research on the value mentoring has for participants and healthcare organizations. The components of successful mentorship programs are discussed, and guidelines for implementation are recommended. Search terms: Mentorship, nursing retention,
A “universal” Hugoniot for liquids

Abstract The empirically derived universal Hugoniot curve for liquids was modified to satisfy boundary conditions in the initial state at 1 bar. The modification improves the description of liquids for pressures up to 20 kbar. The new form of the universal Hugoniot is U / c o = 1.37-0.37 exp(-2 u / c o )+1.62 u / c o , where U is the shock velocity, u is the particle velocity, and c o is the sound speed at I bar.
Detection of visual deficits in aging DBA/2J mice by two behavioral assays.

Purpose: The DBA/2J mice have been used as an animal model for human pigmentary glaucoma. However, these mice develop various degrees of disease symptoms at different ages, making it difficult to detect pathological changes of retinal degeneration at glaucoma onset. The purpose of this study is to develop a non-invasive assay to identify individual mice that develop visual deficits.Materials and Methods: We apply two behavioral tests, a swimming test of visual discrimination and a test of optomotor response, to identify glaucomatous DBA/2J mice. We then examine whether the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), the common risk factor for glaucoma, affects visual performances of the DBA/2J mice. We further compare the retinal ganglion cell death, one of the signature glaucoma symptoms, in mice with normal behavior with those with poor visual performances.Results: Our data demonstrate that (1) the onset of visual deficits in DBA/2J mice is around 7 months of age; (2) within each age group, there are vario...
Largest circuits in matroids

We extend to matroids Smith's Conjecture that any two distinct longest cycles of a k-connected graph meet in at least k vertices when k>=2. We generalize several known results for graphs and matroids by proving the matroid conjecture in the case that k=2.