cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer Modeling and Programming in Algebra

This paper introduces a novel approach to providing high school students with access to computer science experiences as part of an Algebra unit on linear functions. The approach is being developed and tested as part of a funded National Science Foundation study. The unit piloted in the study integrates computational thinking and computer modeling into a project-based Algebra unit on linear functions. Literature on computational thinking, access to computer science in secondary settings, modeling approaches, project-based learning, and design-based research is described to provide a rationale for the study design. The ultimate goal of the study is to develop a paradigm for integrating computer science experiences into algebra as a way to increase engagement in STEM and computing among students from all backgrounds.
Orígenes, trayectoria e identidades ideológicas de la milicia republicana, 1932-1936

espanolEl articulo, distanciandose de las tesis que la historiografia ha postulado sobre el tema, estudia los origenes, la trayectoria y las identidades ideologicas de la Milicia Republicana planteando que esta no constituia una organizacion homogenea y que, junto con perseguir objetivos compartidos entre todos sus miembros, habian otros respecto de los cuales es posible detectar diferencias, lo cual se reflejaria en los discursos de la entidad. EnglishThe article -far of the thesis defended for the historiography- study the origins, trajectory and the ideological identities of the Republicans Militia, standing that this organization was not homogeny and that, persuing certain objectives shared for all its members, existed anothers in which is possible to detect differences, what is reflected in their discourses.
A Comparison of Digital Modulation Techniques for Meteor Burst Communications

This paper compares candidate modulation schemes for meteor burst communications (MBC) using average information throughput over the meteor scatter channel as the principal performance measure. Average throughput is shown to depend upon both the bandwidth efficiency and the required energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio (i.e., E b /N o ) of a modulation scheme through the latter parameter's influence on the channel duty cycle. It is shown that among coherent modulation schemes, 8-ary biorthogonal FSK and QPSK have the best performance while among noncoherent herent modulation schemes, 8-ary orthogonal FSK has the best performance.
VR locomotion: walking > walking in place > arm swinging

There are many methods of exploring an HMD-based virtual environment such as using a game controller, physically walking, walking in place, teleporting, flying, leaning, etc. The purpose of this work is to introduce a simple method of implementing "walking in place" using a simple inexpensive accelerometer sensor. We then evaluate this method of walking in place by comparing it to normal walking and another previously published inexpensive method of exploration, arm swinging. In an experiment that compares the spatial awareness, we show that walking in place is not as good as walking on foot, but it is is better than arm swinging. Subjects also complete blind locomotion distance estimation trials in each of the locomotion conditions.
Abstract 149: Disparities In Utilization Of Drug-eluting Stents By Payer Across Racial Groups

Background: Payer and race differences in utilization of drug-eluting stents (DES) have been reported, but the interaction between payer and race has not been well studied. Objectives: To examine if the impact of payer on utilization of DES is dependent on race. Methods and Results: A total of 77,142 stenting procedures performed between July 2006 and December 2007 were identified from the California’s hospital discharge database. Compared to private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and self-pay were associated with lower likelihood of receiving DES, the respective adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for receiving DES instead of bare-metal stents were 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.77, P<0.0001), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.87, P<0.0001), and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.41-0.51, P<0.0001), controlling for patient characteristics including race/ethnicity. The adjusted ORs for Medicaid in comparison to private insurance ranged from 0.56 (P<0.001) in black to 0.74 (P=0.01) in Asian patients; the adjusted ORs for Medicare in comparison to private insurance ranged from 0.68 (P<0.001) in black to 0.97 (P=0.69) in Asian patients; and the adjusted ORs for self-pay in comparison to private insurance ranged from 0.35 (P<0.001) in black to 0.50 (P<0.001) in white patients. Conclusions: The disparities in utilization of DES by payer are in general consistent across race/ethnicity groups.
Crinkles in the carnival: Ideology in South African productions of The Comedy of Errors in 1985

Open \0 a variety of interpretations on the stage, Shakespeare's plays may serve not only as cultural showpieces but also as public arenas for trying out current myths, ideologies, and systems of belief. The continued regularity of Shakespeare productions in South Africa attests not only to the unquestioned genius of the plays, but also \0 the high cultural prestige conferred on those producing them, itself a reflection of the tenacious, albeit diminishing, hegemony of English culture in South Africa. Even when intended only as a cultural showpiece, a Shakespeare production invariably reveals the ideological assumptions of its producers, whether purposeful or unconscious. Furthermore, the ideology of Shakespeare's plays in South Africa refers not only to their production, but extends also to their evaluation and preservation. Records of Township productions by black South Africans, for example, tend to be dependent on word-of-mouth and the fortunes of oral history, whereas productions by and largely for whites are often prevented from being overcome by history or forgetting, continuing as articulations of a whiteconstructed memory through their preservation in state archives and published memoirs. From the first production of a Shakespeare play in South Africa in 1799 until the end of World War II, Shakespeare productions were largely the monopoly of English-speaking whites. While local amateur and professional companies gained strength and confidence during this long period, their productions were invariably based on theatrical styles in England. Performances were judged on how closely they managed to imitate what was being done on the stage of London. The highlight for local audiences was inevitably a tour of South Africa by some English company. It comes as no surprise, therefore, that the first production of The Comedy of Errors in South Africa was performed by the touring Henry Herbert Company in 1913. After World War II, other racial and language groups began to produce Shakespeare's plays, reflecting the widespread perception of Shakespeare as a litmus test of civilised culture. The first play performed by so-called "coloureds" was The Tempest in 1946; An Afrikaans Hamlet was staged in 1947. The first production using black actors took place in 1953, a production of The Comedy of Errors. Ian Bernhardt, long active in multiracial cultural activities, was approached by a friend who worked in the Welfitre DepartMent of PUTCO (the Public Utility Transport Corporation), eager to organise some instructional activities for the black workers. A number of workers requested a drama group, and thus the Bareti Players was formed so called after the tribal eulogist who composes songs of praise to a chief. Colin Romoff was invited to direct The Comedy of Errors. The cast consisted largely of PUTCO office workers and clerks, but also included a few outsiders, mainly teachers. The play was performed at the University of the Witwatersrand Arts
Mujeres Fuertes y Corazones Saludables: adaptation of the StrongWomen —healthy hearts program for rural Latinas using an intervention mapping approach

To describe our use of intervention mapping as a systematic method to adapt an evidence-based physical activity and nutrition program to reflect the needs of rural Latinas. An intervention mapping process involving six steps guided the adaptation of an evidence based physical activity and nutrition program, using a community-based participatory research approach. We partnered with a community advisory board of rural Latinas throughout the adaptation process. A needs assessment and logic models were used to ascertain which program was the best fit for adaptation. Once identified, we collaborated with one of the developers of the original program (StrongWomen - Healthy Hearts) during the adaptation process. First, essential theoretical methods and program elements were identified, and additional elements were added or adapted. Next, we reviewed and made changes to reflect the community and cultural context of the practical applications, intervention strategies, program curriculum, materials, and participant information. Finally, we planned for the implementation and evaluation of the adapted program, Mujeres Fuertes y Corazones Saludables, within the context of the rural community. A pilot study will be conducted with overweight, sedentary, middle-aged, Spanish-speaking Latinas. Outcome measures will assess change in weight, physical fitness, physical activity, and nutrition behavior. The intervention mapping process was feasible and provided a systematic approach to balance fit and fidelity in the adaptation of an evidence-based program. Collaboration with community members ensured that the components of the curriculum that were adapted were culturally appropriate and relevant within the local community context.
Bandwidth density as a figure of merit for few-mode multi-core fibers

We investigated the relationships between the capacity limit and various figures of merit (spatial channel density, aggregate effective area ratio to cladding area, and bandwidth density) of few-mode multi-core fibers (FM-MCFs) where the modes in each core are weakly coupled. The capacity limit was estimated based on the Gaussian noise model for nonlinear impairment of single-mode fibers by neglecting crosstalk and intermodal nonlinear effects for simplicity; therefore, the estimated capacity can be the upper bound of the weakly-coupled FM-MCF capacity. When we take account of the transmission wavelength band of the FM-MCFs and the wavelength band where efficient amplification is available, the bandwidth density had a good correlation to the estimated capacity, but the spatial channel density and the aggregate effective area ratio often overestimate the FM-MCF capacity. Thus, we propose the bandwidth density for the figure of merit of FM-MCFs rather than the spatial channel density or the aggregate effective area ratio. We also investigated the relationship between the bandwidth density and fiber design, and found that the supporting transmission bandwidth and the core count are the dominant factors for the bandwidth density, and the mode count per core has a small impact for the bandwidth density, when the core Δ is fixed.
A Standing-Wave Architecture for Scalable and Wideband Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Coherent Radiator Arrays

In this paper, we present a new architecture for implementation of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) radiator arrays based on standing-wave properties. This structure is a continuous distributed coherent array that avoids lossy and parasitic coupling networks. Moreover, it can be scaled simply by extending the size of the structure and replicating the unit cell. The absence of coupling parasitics in addition to the unique characteristics of standing waves allows us to extend the tuning range without using varactors. The 0.34-THz four-element radiator array is designed and fabricated in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process using microstrip transmission lines as the standing-wave mediums and on-chip patch antennas to radiate the desired fourth harmonic of the oscillation. The circuit was measured with no post processing or silicon lens and has 5.9% frequency tuning range (332.5–352.8 GHz) with less than 6-dB output power variation across the band. It consumes 425-mW power from 1.8-V supply and the radiated power is −10.5 dBm at center frequency with −98.2 dBc/Hz phase noise at 10-MHz offset frequency.
The Acquisition of the "Get"-Passive.

This article examines children’s comprehension of the get-passive relative to the be-passive in an attempt to systematically compare the acquisition of both types of passives. It discusses the find...
Insertion of a Calcium-Responsive β-Roll Domain into a Thermostable Alcohol Dehydrogenase Enables Tunable Control over Cofactor Selectivity

The RTX domains found in some secreted proteins fold into the β-roll secondary structure motif upon calcium binding, which enables folding to be localized extracellularly. We inserted an RTX domain from the adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis into a loop near the catalytic active site of the thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase D (AdhD) from Pyrococcus furiosus. The resultant chimera, β-AdhD, gained the calcium-binding ability of the β-roll, retained the thermostable activity of AdhD, and exhibited reduced overall alcohol dehydrogenase activity. However, the addition of calcium to β-AdhD preferentially inhibited NAD+-dependent activity in comparison to NADP+-dependent activity. Calcium was found to be a competitive inhibitor of AdhD, and the addition of the RTX domain introduced calcium-dependent noncompetitive inhibition to β-AdhD affecting NAD+-dependent activity. Thus, the insertion of an intrinsically disordered calcium-binding domain into a key loop in a cofactor-dependent enzyme results in an en...
Literary autobiography and Arab national struggles

Tahia Abdel Nasser’s Literary Autobiography and Arab National Struggles brings together a rich variety of Arab writers and their works in her investigation of autobiography in the modern Arabic lit...
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthases: Structure, Function, and Synthesis of Novel Lipid Signaling Molecules

Prostanoids are involved in a wide range of biological processes including vascular function, wound healing, and inflammation. Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases (PGHSs) generate the central precursor molecule for all prostanoids. New insights into the regulation of PGHS activity and isoform-specific functions in cells and in vivo have been gained over the past decade. Biophysical and mutagenesis studies have provided a detailed mechanistic and structural understanding of the regio- and stereochemical specificity of the reactions catalyzed by PGHS with arachidonic acid. Other lipids, including ω-3 fatty acids, oxidized fatty acids, and endocannabinoids, have been identified as alternative substrates for PGHS and, in many cases, are converted to novel eicosanoids that exhibit potent biological activities that are distinct from arachidonate-derived prostanoids. This chapter summarizes recent developments in the regulation, structure, and function of PGHS isoforms, the metabolism of alternative substrates by PGHS, and the possible physiological importance of the eicosanoids generated.
Democratizing Entrepreneurship: Online Documents, Tools, and Startup Know-How

New ventures are inherently cash-strapped. The founders who start them are typically doers — problem-identifiers and solvers who are great at finding ways to get things done within given constraints. For most entrepreneurs, the legal formalities associated with new ventures are a low priority at best and an ignored bureaucracy at worst. No startup wants to expend scarce resources on what it perceives as legal formalities. Online tools have recently emerged to help address this issue by making it easier for entrepreneurs to comply with the formalities associated with forming new businesses and raising capital. More importantly, these tools also democratize access to legal documents and startup know-how for all types of entrepreneurs. The open-sourced documents and technology platform allow ventures outside entrepreneurial epicenters, such as Silicon Valley, New York, and Boston, to utilize the same documents (and know-how) routinely used by new ventures that are advised by the most experienced startup counsel. Some practices will not fit all types of ventures. However, several additional ventures may benefit from granting equity to team members, making that equity subject to vesting, and utilizing two-tier stock structures. These resources can empower more ventures to implement these practices.
Retinopathy associated with enterococcus enteropathy in the neonatal rat.

PURPOSE Preretinal neovascularization has been previously observed in neonatal rats with spontaneously occurring diarrhea. This neovascularization appears analogous to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which occurs in human neonates. A new enterococcus species, designated Enterococcus rattus, has been isolated from the duodenum of these rats. In the present controlled study, the effect of the enteropathy induced by this organism on the retinal vasculature in the neonatal rat was further investigated. METHODS One hundred fifty newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 6 expanded litters (n = 25). On the second day of life, animals were gavaged with either 100 microl of E. rattus suspension (1.0 X 10(7) colony forming units, inoculated group, n = 100 rats) or 100 microl saline (control group, n = 50 rats). All rats were raised in room air and were killed on day 13 of life. Duodenal and blood samples were cultured. The retinal vasculature was assessed using fluorescent microscopy and ADPase staining in a masked manner. Two additional inoculated litters and one control litter were studied for evaluation of arterial blood gases and validation of the grading method for preretinal neovascularization. RESULTS One hundred percent of rats in the inoculated group developed severe diarrhea and had duodenal cultures positive for E. rattus compared with 0% in the control group. Preretinal neovascularization similar to ROP occurred in 55% of rats in the inoculated group compared with 2% in the control group (P = 0.001). Retinal vascular areas were reduced in the inoculated group (mean +/- SD, 89% +/- 5% versus 96% +/- 2%; P < 0.001). Rats in the inoculated group demonstrated severe growth retardation (final weight, 9.7 +/- 2.2 versus 16.7 +/- 2.7 g, P < 0.001). Inoculated animals also experienced acidosis (pH 7.31 +/- 0.06 versus 7.39 +/- 0.06 control, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS A previously undescribed enterococcal enteropathy was associated with preretinal neovascularization similar to ROP in the neonatal rat. This supports an independent role for factors other than inspired oxygen in the development of ROP.
A Model of Self-Regulation

The analysis of and research on internal psychological events is beset with such problems as the inaccessibility of the target phenomena, complexity of interactions at the biological and psychological level, and dependence on the subject’s training and sociocultural status. Nevertheless, the necessity for some model of the complex intrapersonal processes that relate current and past inputs and outputs derives both from everyday observations and the variance introduced by these moderators in the study of input-output relationships. Of particular interest are the variables and processes associated with the human capacity for self-regulation. Only humans attain relative independence of external inputs and the natural environment. They achieve this, to a large extent, by an ability to combine information (not only that acquired by personal experience) about past, present, and probable future events for guiding action. While external and biological factors also participate in those processes, the self-managing system and its subsystems have been the focus of interest to psychologists in several areas of specialization, e.g., in personality, motivation, adjustment, and pathology.
Living with Diabetes in a Historically Black Community: Insights from Residents

Objective : This research report shares insights gained from residents in a historically black community in Florida concerning their experiences living with diabetes. Methods : The findings in this research report draw from three focus groups undertaken to gather patient perspectives on potential causes and mechanisms related to a community setting with higher than national average levels of diabetes (both in relation to the broader population and Black Americans specifically) as part of an applied project geared toward establishing potential interventions that could benefit the community. Results : Participants in the focus groups discussed (1) positive efforts to improve diet; (2) less successful efforts to increase exercise levels, and (3) marked differences in experiences with medical professionals and access to quality medical care. Conclusions : These findings illustrate difficulties patients experience seeking to manage diabetes in relation to structural (i.e., racial, healthcare access, and economic) and interpersonal (i.e., medical professionals) barriers to quality care.
Comparison of fMRI correlates of successful episodic memory encoding in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and healthy controls

Abstract Intra-cranial electroencephalographic brain recordings (iEEG) provide a powerful tool for investigating the neural processes supporting episodic memory encoding and form the basis of experimental therapies aimed at improving memory dysfunction. However, given the invasiveness of iEEG, investigations are constrained to patients with drug-resistant epilepsy for whom such recordings are clinically indicated. Particularly in the case of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), neuropathology and the possibility of functional reorganization are potential constraints on the generalizability of intra-cerebral findings and pose challenges to the development of therapies for memory disorders stemming from other etiologies. Here, samples of TLE (N ​= ​16; all of whom had undergone iEEG) and age-matched healthy control (N ​= ​19) participants underwent fMRI as they studied lists of concrete nouns. fMRI BOLD responses elicited by the study words were segregated according to subsequent performance on tests of delayed free recall and recognition memory. Subsequent memory effects predictive of both successful recall and recognition memory were evident in several neural regions, most prominently in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and did not demonstrate any group differences. Behaviorally, the groups did not differ in overall recall performance or in the strength of temporal contiguity effects. However, group differences in serial position effects and false alarm rates were evident during the free recall and recognition memory tasks, respectively. Despite these behavioral differences, neuropathology associated with temporal lobe epilepsy was apparently insufficient to give rise to detectable differences in the functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory encoding relative to neurologically healthy controls. The findings provide reassurance that iEEG findings derived from experimental paradigms similar to those employed here generalize to the neurotypical population.
The separation of economy and sentiment: a comparison of how individuals perceive hostile worlds

Analyses of the relationship between economy and sentiment tend to focus on connection rather than separation. Scholars recognize that individuals sometimes identify moral conflicts between economy...
Bioflavonoids cause DNA double-strand breaks and chromosomal translocations through topoisomerase II-dependent and -independent mechanisms

Bioflavonoids have a similar chemical structure to etoposide, the well-characterized topoisomerase II (Top2) poison, and evidence shows that they also induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promote genome rearrangements. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of bioflavonoid-induced DSB appearance and repair, and their dependence on Top2. Cells were exposed to bioflavonoids individually or in combination in the presence or absence of the Top2 catalytic inhibitor dexrazoxane. The kinetics of appearance and repair of γH2AX foci were measured. In addition, the frequency of resultant MLL-AF9 breakpoint cluster region translocations was determined. Bioflavonoids readily induced the appearance of γH2AX foci, but bioflavonoid combinations did not act additively or synergistically to promote DSBs. Myricetin-induced DSBs were mostly reduced by dexrazoxane, while genistein and quercetin-induced DSBs were only partially, but significantly, reduced. By contrast, luteolin and kaempferol-induced DSBs increased with dexrazoxane pre-treatment. Sensitivity to Top2 inhibition correlated with a significant reduction of bioflavonoid-induced MLL-AF9 translocations. These data demonstrate that myricetin, genistein, and quercetin act most similar to etoposide although with varying Top2-dependence. By contrast, luteolin and kaempferol have distinct kinetics that are mostly Top2-independent. These findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms of bioflavonoid activity and the potential of individual bioflavonoids to promote chromosomal translocations. Further, they provide direct evidence that specific Top2 inhibitors or targeted drugs could be developed that possess less leukemic potential or suppress chromosomal translocations associated with therapy-related and infant leukemias.
Changes in Coverage, Access, and Health Following Implementation of Healthy Behavior Incentive Medicaid Expansions vs. Traditional Medicaid Expansions.

Several states expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act using Section 1115 waivers to implement healthy behavior incentive (HBI) programs, but the impact of this type of expansion relative to traditional expansion is not well understood. To examine whether Medicaid expansion with healthy behavior incentive programs and traditional Medicaid expansion were associated with differential changes in coverage, access, and self-rated health outcomes among low-income adults. Difference-in-differences analysis of American Community Survey and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2011 to 2017. Low-income adults ages 19–64 in the Midwest Census region (American Community Survey, n = 665,653; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, n = 71,959). Exposure to either HBI waiver or traditional Medicaid expansion in the state of residence. Coverage: Medicaid, private, or any health insurance coverage; access: routine checkup, personal doctor, delaying care due to cost; health: cancer screening, preventive care, healthy behaviors, self-reported health. Healthy behavior incentive (HBI) and traditional expansion (TE) states experienced reductions in uninsurance (− 5.6 [− 7.5, − 3.7] and − 6.2 [− 8.1, − 4.4] percentage points, respectively) and gains in Medicaid (HBI, + 7.6 [2.4, 12.8]; TE, + 9.7 [5.9, 13.4] percentage points) relative to non-expansion states. Both expansion types were associated with increases in rates of having a personal doctor (HBI, + 3.8 [2.0, 5.6]; TE, + 5.9 [2.2, 9.6] percentage points) and mammography (HBI, + 5.6 [0.6, 10.6]; TE, + 7.3 [0.7, 13.9] percentage points). Meanwhile, checkups increased more in HBI than in TE states (p < 0.01), but no other changes in health care services differed between expansion types. Medicaid expansion was associated with improvements in coverage and access to care with few differences between expansion types.
The Mental and Interpersonal Mechanisms of Groupthink Maintenance

As Dr. Henriques (2020) points out in the previous chapter, many of our beliefs are based not on facts or reason at all and in fact seem to be impervious to them. They are instead based upon our need to have a good reputation within our group and to maintain conformity to group norms. Potentially pathological mental and interpersonal mechanisms that maintain groupthink appear at the level of the individual, where they are called irrational beliefs or defense mechanisms. They appear at the level of the family or kin group, where they are called family myths. In science, they appear at the level of professional groups and organizations as such things as confirmation bias, the use of logical fallacies, and the ignoring of important contextual factors in evaluating experimental phenomena. All of us at times cede the right to think for ourselves for the sake of our group, and often we try to discourage our intimates from thinking for themselves for the same reason. This chapter will explore some of the mental and interpersonal strategies by which we do this both to ourselves and to others.
Does happiness affect decision making in goal setting, risk taking, and profitability situations?

This study aimed to investigate whether happiness affects decision making in different situations-. goal setting, risk-taking, and profitability situations. Eighty University students age ranging from 18 to 28 of both gender (44 males & 36 females) took part in an experiment with experimental and control conditions. Three video clips have been made depicting goal setting, risk-taking, and profitability conditions. The state of happiness was induced by showing a comedy video clip in the experimental group but not in the control group. Chi-square test (non-parametric test) has been used for quantitative data analysis and MAXQDA (software for qualitative data analysis) for qualitative data analysis. The results suggested that significant effects of happiness on all three decision-making conditions are not found. However, it is found that there is likely to be a significant difference in the risk-taking condition. Further, the participants were asked to explain the reason for choosing the selected alternatives with an open-ended question. It was observed that happiness (positive emotion) affects the decision-maker while choosing decision alternatives related to goal setting, risk-taking, and profitability situations.
The Concept of Pseudo-Conservatism as a Link Between The Authoritarian Personality and Early Critical Theory

This article has two main aims. First, it seeks to demonstrate the continuity of The Authoritarian Personality with the model of “early Critical Theory” that was developed at the Institute for Soci...
Role of dendritic cell-derived amphiregulin in pulmonary fibrosis (CCR5P.203)

Recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) has been implicated in lung fibrosis. Accumulation of BM-derived DC (BMDC) was shown to play an important role in bleomycin (BLM)-induced fibrotic lungs. A microarray analysis of lung DCs derived from control and BLM-treated mice revealed amphiregulin (AREG), an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand was highly upregulated in cells from fibrotic lung. Moreover BLM-induced fibrosis and AREG induction were attenuated when BMDCs were depleted. Thus AREG induced primarily in BMDCs appear to play a significant role in this model of fibrosis. To further confirm the in vivo importance of AREG fibrosis was induced in wild type or AREG knockout (KO) mice by injecting BLM endotracheally, and the fibrotic response was analyzed biochemically and histologically. The results showed that BLM induced significant induction of HYP in WT mice was significantly decreased in AREG KO mice. The fibrotic markers collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin expressions were also significantly reduced compared to the WT mice, along with impaired proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression. These fibrotic responses were also reflected by tissue histopathology. Finally, unlike BMDCs isolated from wild type mice, those from AREG KO mice lacked the ability to induce myofibroblast differentiation when co-cultured with lung fibroblasts. Thus BMDC-derived AREG played an important role in pulmonary fibrosis probably by promoting fibroblast proliferation and survival.
Development and test of single-bore cos-/spl thetav/ Nb/sub 3/Sn dipole models with cold iron yoke

Two short Nb/sub 3/Sn dipole models based on a single-bore cos-theta coil with a cold iron yoke were fabricated and tested at Fermilab. This paper summarizes the details of magnet design and fabrication procedure, and reports the test results including quench performance and quench heater studies, and the magnetic measurements.
Inhibition of creatine kinase by chromium nucleotides.

Abstract The steady state kinetics of creatine kinase have been studied at pH 7 by initial velocity, product inhibition, and dead end inhibition techniques using chromium ATP and chromium ADP. The mechanism appears to be rapid equilibrium random in the MgADP plus phosphocreatine direction and equilibrium ordered with MgATP adding before creatine in the other direction. This degenerate form of the rapid equilibrium random mechanism found in both directions at pH 8 may be caused by protonation of a group on the enzyme at pH 7 that will not permit binding of the positively charged portion of creatine until the MgATP is already bound. The chromium nucleotides were competitive inhibitors versus the magnesium nucleotides and noncompetitive versus the guanido substrates. Except for MgATP, chromium and magnesium nucleotides have about the same affinity for the enzyme at pH 7. The 10-fold greater affinity of CrATP over MgATP for the enzyme may reflect an equilibrium between doubly (β,γ) and triply (α,β,γ) coordinated MgATP in solution with the triply coordinated nucleotide being the actual substrate. Nitrate synergizes creatine inhibition of reaction in the MgADP plus phosphocreatine direction, but was ineffective in synergizing CrADP inhibition in the MgATP plus creatine direction. This may be because the planar PO3 group which nitrate mimics in the E-MgADP-creatine-NO3 complex is coordinated to the Mg2+, but while nitrate can displace the water which is replacing PO3 from Mg2+, it cannot displace the water molecule covalently coordinated to chromium in the corresponding E-CrADP-creatine complex.
The Leaps of Faith in Social Science: A Study of the Imagined in the Discourse of the Real

In this paper, the author introduces a post-Meadian concept useful for contemporary ethnography. Emergent ideal types capture the imaginary (that which is not bound to space and time coordinates) in the doing ethnography and making empirical claims (the empirical is considered that which is limited to space and time coordinates). She uses a heuristic device, grounded narrative fictions, as one way of depicting the imaginary for ethnographic audiences. The exploration draws on the ethnography of a kindergarten/Grade 1 class. The author does not use many scholarly references. Instead, she tries to develop two innovations to ethnographic analysis (emergent ideal types and grounded narrative fictions) from within an ethnographic example. She tries in this thought piece to explicate the linguistic mechanisms through which ethnographers draw on the imaginary to link empirical patterns with interpretive analyses.
The Institutional and Individual Contributors to Research in Financial Education: 1991-2002

This paper provides an account of the contributors in financial education research during 1991-2002. We present the top institutions and individuals in financial education research that were published in "Financial Practice and Education" and "Journal of Financial Education". In terms of institutional and individual contributors, doctoral programs faculty and institutions contribute significant large number of articles in financial education research. Similarly AACSB accredited academic programs also contribute significantly to the financial education literature. The findings in this study provide information to the potential college bound students, donors, and job applicants.
Some Questions and Answers

This chapter discusses the global energy generation scenario and the role of power electronics in that perspective. The energy consumption across the world has been increasing by leaps and bounds in order to improve our standard of living. A dramatic rise in the energy costs is expected in the future. Power electronics is expected to play an increasingly significant role in energy conservation by realizing more efficient utilization of electricity. The chapter also details the description of high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) and its applications in various fields. The chapter talks about the scenario of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid is an Integrated Circuit (IC) engine vehicle that is assisted by a storage battery. Although hybrid vehicles are still expensive as well as complex and technologically immature, they have grabbed attention all of a sudden because of the rising price of gasoline fuel. The chapter also emphasizes on the pros and cons of snubberless operation of an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) converter, the importance of flexible ac transmission system (FACTS), and electromagnetic induction (EMI) phenomena in modern pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter ac drives, the prospect of a variable-frequency starter for induction motor, and possible reasons for premature insulation failure in IGBT inverter-fed induction motor drives and the trends of variable-speed air conditioner drives.
A mechanistic model of H218O and C18OO fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere: Model description and sensitivity analyses

The concentration of 18O in atmospheric CO2 and H2O is a potentially powerful tracer of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes. In this paper we describe the development of an isotope model (ISOLSM) that simulates the 18O content of canopy water vapor, leaf water, and vertically resolved soil water; leaf photosynthetic 18OC16O (hereafter C18OO) fluxes; CO2 oxygen isotope exchanges with soil and leaf water; soil CO2 and C18OO diffusive fluxes (including abiotic soil exchange); and ecosystem exchange of H218O and C18OO with the atmosphere. The isotope model is integrated into the land surface model LSM, but coupling with other models should be straightforward. We describe ISOLSM and apply it to evaluate (a) simplified methods of predicting the C18OO soil-surface flux; (b) the impacts on the C18OO soil-surface flux of the soil-gas diffusion coefficient formulation, soil CO2 source distribution, and rooting distribution; (c) the impacts on the C18OO fluxes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in soil and leaves; and (d) the sensitivity of model predictions to the d18O value of atmospheric water vapor and CO2. Previously published simplified models are unable to capture the seasonal and diurnal variations in the C18OO soil-surface fluxes simulated by ISOLSM. Differences in the assumed soil CO2 production and rooting depth profiles, carbonic anhydrase activity in soil and leaves, and the d18O value of atmospheric water vapor have substantial impacts on the ecosystem CO2 flux isotopic composition. We conclude that accurate prediction of C18OO ecosystem fluxes requires careful representation of H218O and C18OO exchanges and transport in soils and plants.
Hydronephrosis: Prenatal and Postnatal Evaluation and Management

Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is one of the most frequently detected abnormalities found on routine prenatal ultrasounds, affecting 1% to 4.5% of all pregnancies. Despite its prevalence, there continues to be uncertainty regarding the clinical impact after birth. Prognosis depends on the severity of the dilation. Expectant prenatal management is the rule with fetal intervention rarely needed in a few select cases. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux are the most common postnatal diagnoses. A renal and bladder ultrasound is essential in the follow-up of patients with ANH and helps dictate further investigation with voiding cystourethrography and/or diuretic renography.
Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid presenting as a cervical cyst.

Abstract Background. A cystic neck mass representing metastatic papillary thyroid cancer to a cervical lymph node may be the presenting symptom in patients with an occult papillary cancer of the thyroid. This cystic change can cause diagnostic problems and not infrequently delay identification of the primary thyroid tumor. This study investigates the frequency, treatment, and pathologic features of this entity. Methods. All clinical charts and microscopic slides of 136 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid operation for papillary carcinoma (PC) from 1990 to 1995 were reviewed. Hematoxylin-and-eosin and immunohistochemical stains (IMHS) for thyroglobulin also were reviewed. Results. Eight patients (5.8%) presented with a cystic neck mass and no palpable thyroid lesion. In all 8 patients, the diagnosis was made by an excision of the cystic neck mass. In 3 patients, the cyst demonstrated classical features of PC, such as papillae and psammoma bodies. In the remaining 5 (62%), only focal papillae or nuclear features of papillary carcinoma were present. A careful review of the histology and IMHS were necessary to arrive at the correct diagnosis in these 5 patients. Conclusions. Occult papillary cancer of the thyroid presenting as a cystic neck mass is not uncommon and must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Excision and careful review of the histology and IMHS is necessary to prevent delay of the proper diagnosis. Although the thyroid tumor was less than 1 cm and sometimes only microscopic, the extensive nodal metastasis has led us to favor near total or total thyroidectomy and modified neck dissection in this entity. (Surgery 2001;129:429-32.)
QUASI-INVERTIBILITY IN A STAIRCASE DIAGRAM

We deal with objects and morphisms in an abelian category, e.g., with modules and module-homomorphisms. Any morphism a: A -+B has a standard factorization a=aamae, where am is a monomorphism and a,e an epimorphism. DEFINITION. A morphism a: A-+B is said to be quasi-invertible if it satisfies any one of the following equivalent conditions2 (i) There is a morphism a': B-+A such that aa'a = a. (ii) There is a morphism a: B--A such that
Strategies for Maximizing Social Security Benefits: A Reply

Atkins and Caliendo [2009] analyze the choice of when to optimally initiate the receipt of Social Security benefits. They assume an individual choosing to receive benefits early can invest the proceeds at a return greater than the risk-free rate. This reply argues that the present value of Social Security benefits should be discounted using the risk-free rate instead. This insight is drawn from the extant wealth management literature as well as the asset-liability management framework of defined-benefit pension plans.
Ancient cultigens or modern intrusions ? : Evaluating plant remains in an Andean Case study

Abstract A multidimensional approach is taken to clarify an ambiguous archaeobotanical collection from the Zana Valley, northern Peru. Plant remains, including several possible cultigens, were recovered from Middle Preceramic period ( c . 7200–5600 bc ) residential sites. Apparently good site integrity and associations, non-modern specimen morphologies and species combinations, and acceptable radiocarbon dates from features and habitational floors conflict with modern dates produced directly from the specimens by the Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) method. Normally, these dates would invalidate the assemblage. It is questioned from several lines of evidence whether the AMS dates are, for unknown reasons, incorrect. We suggest that, instead of relying on any single technique, such as AMS dating, to winnow archaeobotanical data, it is more useful to develop a framework for evaluating plant remains that utilizes numerous lines of evidence and alternative explanations.
On-line exhibit design: the sociotechnological impact of building a museum over the World Wide Web

This article examines the sociotechnological impact of introducing collaborative technologies into the Spurlock Museum, a museum of world history and culture at the University of Illinois. It presents the results of a study that focused on the development of advanced information technology to support asynchronous collaboration between curators and exhibit designers planning a new museum facility. It highlights the importance of constructing a virtual museum in which collections management systems are integrated with on-line exhibit information in a dynamic fashion, and presents the methodologies we used to link the Spurlock's database systems to the Internet to allow more effective collaboration between those individuals planning the new facility. It includes an analysis of the impact these technological innovations have had on the social infrastructure of the Spurlock Museum, and in particular, on the relationship between the Spurlock's curators and exhibit designers.
Perioperative cognitive aids in anesthesia: what, who, how, and why bother?

Two articles in this issue1,2 concern a very timely topic: the utility, design, and implementation of “cognitive aids.” This term, in the context of dynamic arenas of health care, encompasses a host of physical (or now virtual) items aimed to assist professionals in executing the complex decision ma
Application of Euler–Maclaurin sum formula to obtain an approximate closed-form Green's function for a two-dimensional acoustical space

Abstract The Green's function solution for the acoustic wave equation in a two-dimensional rectangular space is expressed as an infinite series of terms based on the cross modes of the duct. An approximate closed-form solution is obtained by applying the Euler–Maclaurin sum formula. The procedure provides a closed-form expression in both the space–time and Laplace domains along with an upper bound for a remainder. Plane wave and higher-order waves components are identified. A numerical example for an exponential input gives comparisons of the transient response for the approximate closed form and series Green's function solutions. The time response and analytical transfer function frequency spectrum of the series and Euler–Maclaurin closed-form Green's function are computed. Lastly, the approximate closed-form Green's transfer function expression is used in model-based designed feedforward and feedback control schemes to reduce peaks in the frequency response and provide system damping.
Nattokinase for prevention of thrombosis.

Natto, a traditional food made of soybeans fermented with Bacillus subtilis , has been consumed for over 1000 years, especially in the Eastern Kanto region of Japan.[1][1]–[6][2] It has a cheese-like appearance, a strong smell, and a sticky consistency, which may affect its acceptance as a food
Cycloheximide Is Not a Specific Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis in Vivo

Cycloheximide is frequently presumed to inhibit specifically the cytoplasmic protein synthesis of eukaryotes. Although previous investigators have shown that it had other effects on the cells of a variety of organisms, these results were frequently presumed to be secondary effects of the inhibition of protein synthesis. This paper shows that a wide range of deleterious effects are produced by cycloheximide on a single organism, Chlamydomonas reinhardi Dangeard. If, protein synthesis is inhibited by nonpermissive conditions in temperature-sensitive mutants or with other treatments these “secondary” effects are not produced. Instead, cycloheximide appears to have two or three independent inhibitory effects on the cell. Moreover, in contrast to a number of previous investigations, these results show that protein synthesis is not required for RNA synthesis. Instead the rate of RNA synthesis is actually increased by interference with protein synthesis.
Effect of Cholesterol on the Water Permeability of Thin Lipid Membranes

IN order to assess the relative importance of the various membrane constituents in determining the water permeability of thin (<100 A) lipid membranes1,2, we have conducted a series of experiments in which the concentrations of the individual components, particularly cholesterol, in the membrane forming solutions have been varied. The osmotic permeability coefficients, Pf, of membranes formed from the solutions given in Table 1 were determined as described before3.