cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Origin and Role of Trust in Local Policy Elites’ Perceptions on High Voltage Power Line Installations in the State of Arkansas

The debate over installation of high voltage power lines (HVPLs) has been intense, particularly in Northwest Arkansas. Detractors claim that the installation will negatively affect both the natural environment and the local economy, which contains a large tourism component. By contrast, those in favor of installing HVPLs claim that the installation is necessary in order to reliably support the increasing demand for electric power. Using original data collected from a recent statewide Internet survey of 420 local policy elites in Arkansas, this paper focuses on two key aspects. First, we examine local policy elites’ levels of trust toward information provided by various sources and how this influences their policy reasoning with regard to their perceptions of the risks versus benefits of the installation of HVPLs in their communities. Second, we further investigate the origin of policy elites’ aforementioned trust (or lack thereof). For this latter inquiry in particular, we utilize Cultural Theory (CT) to explain how such trust is rooted in policy elites’ cultural worldviews – specifically, hierarchism, fatalism, egalitarianism, and individualism – while considering the effects of other factors claimed by previous literature, including knowledge, and demographic characteristics. Broader implications for the origin and role of trust in policy elites’ decisions throughout the policymaking process will be discussed.
The Application of Molecular Diagnostics to Stained Cytology Smears

Detection of mutational alterations is important for guiding treatment decisions of lung non–small-cell carcinomas and thyroid nodules with atypical cytologic findings. Inoperable lung tumors requiring further testing for staging and thyroid lesions often are diagnosed using only cytology material. Molecular diagnostic tests of these samples typically are performed on cell blocks; however, insufficient cellularity of cell blocks is a limitation for test performance. In addition, some of the fixatives used while preparing cell blocks often introduces artifacts for mutation detection. Here, we applied qClamp xenonucleic technology and quantitative RT-PCR to cells microdissected directly from stained cytology smears to detect common alterations including mutations and translocations in non–small-cell carcinomas and thyroid lesions. By using this approach, we achieved a 1% molecular alteration detection rate from as few as 50 cells. Ultrasensitive methods of molecular alteration detection similar to the one described here will be increasingly important for the evaluation of molecular alterations in clinical scenarios when only tissue samples that are small are available.
Problems of Democratic Adjustment in Modern Japan

T HE West in general has become unhappily familiar in recent years with at least the grosser and more spectacular consequences of the so-called "revolution in Asia." Viewed from the American standpoint, the great majority of these have been distinctly disquieting, while a few can only be described as calamitous. Moreover, most objective attempts at forecasting the area's prospects offer small hope of significant amelioration in the foreseeable future. It would appear that the myriad problems of mutual understanding and adjustment which are attendant upon Asia's reemergence as a positive force on the world scene and upon "the meeting of East and West" on these new terms are too fundamental, too long-neglected, and too far-ramifying to admit of any facile or speedy solutions. Under such circumstances, it is a source of minor consolation to observe that an increasing number of our newer generation of Asian specialists are striving to analyze and elucidate certain of the basic problems which confront us in Asia today. The area has too long been the province of practitioners of the "mysterious and exotic East" approach or of unfocused "scholarship" devoid of any recognizable significance or application, contemporary or otherwise. The two works presently under review represent a break with such older traditions. Both are concerned with major problems of urgent current importance: in Dr. Scalapino's case, the reasons for which an effective political party system and, therewith, a democratic society failed to develop in prewar Japan; in Dr. Brown's, the manner in which the force of modern nationalism has developed in Japan. Both studies view Japan as merely a specific example of social forces and processes generally, although differentially, operative in late-developing states. Both are historically oriented and seek to elucidate their respective problems in terms of an
Travelers' Diarrhea: An Overview

The diarrhea of travelers is a syndrome and not a disease; its history is reviewed here. Dysentery is caused by agents that damage the epithelium of the intestinal tract; diarrhea results from the response of intact intestinal cells to toxins that stimulate enzymatic processes to release liquid and ions. Toxigenic Escherichia coli, the most frequent pathogen in diarrhea, produces a recognizable, benign syndrome; however, other agents of disease, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, are responsible for a significant proportion of cases of diarrhea. Hygienic precautions are generally advised, despite the lack of evidence supporting their efficacy. Antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in reducing the incidence of diarrhea caused by E. coli but may not be desirable because of toxicity and the possibility of complicating the diagnostic process. Diagnosis requires better laboratory methods than are usually available but can be made with limited accuracy by a clinician acquainted with the various manifestations of potential causes. Treatment after diarrhea has started should be limited to fluid and ion replacement, with the possible addition of drugs that reduce intestinal motility, although some advocate the use of antibiotics at this time. The number of people traveling, especially to developing countries, continues to increase. This trend would expand enormously if the fear of diarrhea were removed.
Nutritional and Social Benefits of Foraging in California 1

Key trends in California prehistory diverge from those characteris- tic of other world regions; sophisticated advances in the application of human behavioral ecology to archaeological interpretation help us to understand why. Significant interpretive advances have been stimulated by the on-going "provi - sioning" versus "costly signaling" debate. We argue that provisioning currently has the upper hand because the diet breadth model is older, better understood, and more easily assessed in light of archaeological data than is costly signaling. Archaeological research outside of California will need to confront issues of pro- visioning and prestige in their own empirical context and in light of behavioral ecology methods developed here.
What's Gender Got to Do With It? Sexual Double Standards and Power in Heterosexual College Hookups.

Although college hookups are typically enjoyable for both men and women, heterosexual hookups often involve inequitable power dynamics that privilege men (e.g., women perform sexual acts to please partners and/or succumb to pressure for intercourse). Some scholars have attributed this power imbalance to the traditional double standard. However, recent studies have indicated college students typically endorse egalitarian standards—and some endorse a reverse double standard in which they negatively judge men more than women for engaging in the same sexual behavior. Using Online College Social Life Survey data (N = 11,077) I examined relationships between endorsement of double standards and power in hookups. Because contemporary students often believe double standards exist in society but not in their own minds, I also examined relationships between feeling negatively judged for hooking up and power. Most respondents endorsed egalitarian standards, but women were more likely than men to feel judged for hooki...
Progress on Function of Stucture Protein and Detection Technique of Newcastle Disease Virus

Newcastle disease(ND) is a highly contagious disease with high death rate and usually causes huge economic losses in poultry industry.It is classified in List A disease of OIE.Although the outbreak of ND has been controled in China,the mutation of NDV makes it difficult to prevent the spread of this disease.The latent infections of NDV still affect the quality of poultry products then impact international trade.So,defining the function of viral structure protein,improving and developing detection technique,are all very important for currently controlling ND in our country.In this review,recent progress on function of viral structure protein and detection technique of ND were discussed systematically and detailly.
Thermocapillary Motion of Bubbles Inside Drops

The quasi-static thermocapillary migration of a bubble located inside a drop in free fall is considered for arbitrary axisymmetric temperature fields prescribed on the drop surface. Some results are presented, and an approximation based on the superposition of simpler solutions is discussed.
Dissecting Xeon + FPGA: Why the integration of CPUs and FPGAs makes a power difference for the datacenter: Invited Paper

Intel's Xeon roadmap includes package-integrated FPGAs in every new generation. In this talk, we will dissect why this is such a powerful combination at this time of great change in datacenter workloads. We will show how power savings within the CPU complex is a significant multiplier for power savings in the datacenter as a whole. Focusing on the domain of machine learning, we will present the recent evolution of data types and operators, and make the case that FPGAs are the path to facilitate this continued evolution. Finally, we will discuss the criticality of the close coupling of the CPU and the FPGA. This coupling facilitates high bandwidth and low latency communication that is required for the development, debugging and deployment of heterogeneous applications.
General and Spacific Expertise in Scientific Reasoning.

Previous research on scientific reasoning has shown that it involves a diverse set of skills. Yet, little is known about generality of those skills, an important issue to theories of expertise and to attempts to automate scientific reasoning skills. We present a study examining what kinds of skills psychologists actually use in designing and interpreting experiments. The results suggest: 1) that psychologists use many domain-general skills in their experimentation; 2) that bright and motivated undergraduates are missing many of these skills; 3) some domain-general skills are not specific to only scientists; and 4) some domain-specific skills can be acquired with minimal domain-experience.
How local can a node's view be and still guarantee sum-capacity in interference networks?

We study the relationship between locality of node channel state knowledge and the percent of sum-capacity achievable in partially connected K-user interference channels. In the process we 1) settle a previous conjecture regarding 3-user interference channels, 2) establish the exact number of hops of knowledge necessary and sufficient to guarantee achievability of capacity given full channel state knowledge, and 3) present an upper bounds on the normalized capacity of K-user interference networks with L-hops of knowledge and arbitrary topology.
Romosozumab Treatment Converts Trabecular Rods into Trabecular Plates in Male Cynomolgus Monkeys

Treatment with sclerostin antibody (romosozumab) increases bone formation while reducing bone resorption, leading to increases in bone volume and bone mineral density. Sclerostin antibody treatment may also provide beneficial changes in trabecular microarchitecture and strength that are not reflected in bone volume and density. Here we use three-dimensional dynamic histomorphometry to determine longitudinal changes in vertebral trabecular microarchitecture in adolescent male cynomolgus monkeys (4–5 years old) treated with sclerostin antibody. Animals were treated bi-weekly with either sclerostin antibody (30 mg/kg, sc, n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6) for 10 weeks. Animals were administered fluorochrome bone formation labels on days 14 and 24 (tetracycline) and on days 56 and 66 (calcein), followed by necropsy on day 70. Cylindrical specimens of cancellous bone from the 5th lumbar vertebrae were used to generate high-resolution, three-dimensional images of bone and fluorescent labels of bone formation (0.7 × 0.7 × 5.0 µm/voxel). The three-dimensional images of the bone formation labels were used to determine the bone volume formed between days 14 and 66 and the resulting alterations in trabecular microarchitecture within each bone. Treatment with sclerostin antibody resulted in a conversion of rod-like trabeculae into plate-like trabeculae at a higher rate than in vehicle-treated animals (p = 0.01). Plate bone volume fraction was greater in the sclerostin antibody group relative to vehicle (mean 43 vs. 30%, p < 0.05). Bone formation increased the thickness of trabeculae in all three trabecular orientations (axial, oblique, and transverse, p < 0.05). The volume of bone formed between days 14 to 66 was greater in sclerostin antibody-treated groups (9.0 vs. 5.4%, p = 0.02), and new bone formation due to sclerostin antibody treatment was associated with increased apparent stiffness as determined from finite element models. Our results demonstrate that increased bone formation associated with sclerostin antibody treatment increases plate-like trabecular morphology and improves mechanical performance.
Broken Bones: The Radiologic Atlas of Fractures and Dislocations, Second Edition.By Felix S. Chew, Catherine Maldijan, and Hyojeong Mulcahy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016; 398 + ix pp; $56.92 (softcover).

Broken Bones: The Radiologic Atlas of Fractures and Dislocations, Second Edition is exactly what it's title describes and functions as a quick reference and learning tool on how to identify fractures that are evident on plain radiography. The audience that this text will most likely benefit is a healthcare provider that is tasked with reading and interpreting his or her own plain films. Whether this is an Emergency Medicine physician with or without a radiology department, a radiologist looking for a quick reference, or an orthopedic surgery resident studying fractures in different regions of the body. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
DOES FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AFFECT INFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY? AN EXAMINATION OF U.S. STATES

A transportation network is vital to an economy. However, the U.S. highway infrastructure suffers from insufficient maintenance creating inefficiencies such as increased travel times and increase in accidents. The means to fund the infrastructure and their maintenance is a point of debate. In this paper, we examine the role of political institutions and decision-making on the quality of highway infrastructure by focusing on the role of fiscal decentralization. Using generalized linear model estimation on state data from 1992 to 2012, we find evidence that fiscal decentralization improves infrastructure quality. These results are robust to the choice of control variables and method of estimation. (JEL D73, H42, H72)
FlashGuard: Leveraging Intrinsic Flash Properties to Defend Against Encryption Ransomware

Encryption ransomware is a malicious software that stealthily encrypts user files and demands a ransom to provide access to these files. Several prior studies have developed systems to detect ransomware by monitoring the activities that typically occur during a ransomware attack. Unfortunately, by the time the ransomware is detected, some files already undergo encryption and the user is still required to pay a ransom to access those files. Furthermore, ransomware variants can obtain kernel privilege, which allows them to terminate software-based defense systems, such as anti-virus. While periodic backups have been explored as a means to mitigate ransomware, such backups incur storage overheads and are still vulnerable as ransomware can obtain kernel privilege to stop or destroy backups. Ideally, we would like to defend against ransomware without relying on software-based solutions and without incurring the storage overheads of backups. To that end, this paper proposes FlashGuard, a ransomware tolerant Solid State Drive (SSD) which has a firmware-level recovery system that allows quick and effective recovery from encryption ransomware without relying on explicit backups. FlashGuard leverages the observation that the existing SSD already performs out-of-place writes in order to mitigate the long erase latency of flash memories. Therefore, when a page is updated or deleted, the older copy of that page is anyway present in the SSD. FlashGuard slightly modifies the garbage collection mechanism of the SSD to retain the copies of the data encrypted by ransomware and ensure effective data recovery. Our experiments with 1,447 manually labeled ransomware samples show that FlashGuard can efficiently restore files encrypted by ransomware. In addition, we demonstrate that FlashGuard has a negligible impact on the performance and lifetime of the SSD.
Effect of thermal insulation on the electrical characteristics of NbOx threshold switches

Threshold switches based on niobium oxide (NbOx) are promising candidates as bidirectional selector devices in crossbar memory arrays and building blocks for neuromorphic computing. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated that the electrical characteristics of NbOx threshold switches can be tuned by engineering the thermal insulation. Increasing the thermal insulation by ∼10× is shown to produce ∼7× reduction in threshold current and ∼45% reduction in threshold voltage. The reduced threshold voltage leads to ∼5× reduction in half-selection leakage, which highlights the effectiveness of reducing half-selection leakage of NbOx selectors by engineering the thermal insulation. A thermal feedback model based on Poole-Frenkel conduction in NbOx can explain the experimental results very well, which also serves as a piece of strong evidence supporting the validity of the Poole-Frenkel based mechanism in NbOx threshold switches.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences: The Election of Scientists into the Elite Group

Le processus qui consiste a promouvoir certains scientifiques au rang de membre de l'elite de l'academie des sciences chinoises. Les interferences et pressions politiques, les criteres de selection majoritairement lies aux opinions politiques des candidats, l'acces a l'elite en Chine se revele etre un processus long et ideologiquement rigoureux.
PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HELMINTH GLYCOGENS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the physical and biochemical characteristics of helminth glycogens. The shapes of the molecular weight distributions of glycogens, obtained by the milder procedure, are highly characteristic for a given helminth. There are marked differences between the molecular weight spectra between glycogens from Ascaris muscle, Fasciola hepatica and cyclophyllidean cestodes. When glycogen is extracted by the more drastic procedures, these differences are no longer observable. Reduction in the glycogen concentration of Fasciola hepatica and of Hymenolepis diminuta, produced by exposure to a glucose-free environment, results in a progressive decrease in the average molecular weight of the high molecular fraction. These changes are reversible when glycogen is resynthesized during incubation in a glucose-containing medium. Under these conditions, incorporation of C14-glucose into the low molecular weight fraction is greater than into the high molecular weight fraction. Glycogen obtained by the milder procedure approaches more closely the state of this polysaccharide in the living cell than the products of the more drastic extraction methods and these aspects should be considered in investigations concerned with the structure and the metabolism of glycogen.
The Effect of the Interval Between Births on Maternal and Fetal Outlook

A 1944 study of child mortality in the U.S. concludes that a short interval between births does not adversely affect maternal or infant health. 5158 patients who were delivered between 1936 and 1943 were classified according to birth interval. The high fetal mortality observed in infants born within one year of their older siblings is attributed to the fact that 4 out of 5 stillbirths and 9 out of 11 deaths found in this category occurred in premature infants. The stillbirth rate was identical in the brief (13-24 months) moderate (25 to 48 months) and long (more than 48 months) intervals. Neonatal death rate tended to rise slightly as interval increased. An examination of the effect of the interval between births on maternal outlook shows no significant difference in the incidence of anemia among the groups; a decided increase in the incidence of toxemia of pregnancies as birth interval increases; with the exception of the very brief group all the interval groups had the same incidence of breast feeding (an indication of maternal health); and the maternal mortality rates of all intervals were the same. By comparing women of the same age with different parities realizing that those of higher parity probably experienced shorter birth intervals the effect of the mothers age upon child health was held constant. No deleterious effects of short birth intervals were found.
Thermal - structural analysis and conceptual design of the MARS direct converter

A thermal and structural conceptual design and an analysis of tritium permeation are presented for the grid tubes and collector plate of the interim MARS tandem mirror reactor. Designs are presented for two thermal recovery concepts, a water coolant with low outlet temperature and gaseous coolant with high outlet temperature. System analyses were conducted for the grids. For the grids both radiative and actively cooled schemes were investigated. Three water cooled grid tube point designs were studied. For the liquid cooled collector, five coolant channel configurations were considered. A reference design was chosen for the grids and collecter plates.
Remote ballistic emplacement of an electro-optical and acoustic target detection and localization system

Near real time situational awareness in uncontrolled non line of sight (NLOS) and beyond line of sight (BLOS) environments is critical in the asymmetric battlefield of future conflicts. The ability to detect and accurately locate hostile forces in difficult terrain or urban environments can dramatically increase the survivability and effectiveness of dismounted soldiers, especially when they are limited to the resources available only to the small unit. The Sensor Mortar Network (SMortarNet) is a 60mm Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) mortar designed to give the Squad near real time situational awareness in uncontrolled NLOS environments. SMortarNet is designed to track targets both acoustically and electro optically and can fuse tracks between, the acoustic, EO, and magnetic modalities on board. The system is linked to other mortar nodes and the user via a masterless frequency hopping spread spectrum ad-hoc mesh radio network. This paper will discuss SMortarNet in the context of a squad level dismounted soldier, its technical capabilities, and its benefit to the small unit Warfighter. The challenges with ballistic remote emplacement of sensitive components and the on board signal processing capabilities of the system will also be covered. The paper will also address how the sensor network can be integrated with existing soldier infrastructure, such as the NettWarrior platform, for rapid transition to soldier systems. Networks of low power sensors can have many forms, but the more practical networks for warfighters are ad hoc radio-based systems that can be rapidly deployed and can leverage a range of assets available at a given time. The low power long life networks typically have limited bandwidth and may have unreliable communication depending on the network health, which makes autonomous sensors a critical component of the network. SMortarNet reduces data to key information features at the sensor itself. The smart sensing approach enables significant data reduction before transmission, to facilitate sharing data among sensors in challenging environments, without requiring high bandwidth communication channels. When required by the user, SMortarNet can transmit full frame images and streaming audio by using the full network bandwidth.
Dysregulation of Mesoprefrontal Dopamine Neurons Induced by Acute and Repeated Phencyclidine Administration in the Nonhuman Primate: Implications for Schizophrenia

Publisher Summary Phencyclidine (PCP) induces several distinct behavioral effects in humans and animals that appear to represent schizophrenia-like symptomatology. In humans, acute PCP exposure can induce both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In contrast, repeated exposure to PCP in humans can lead to enduring presentation of both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus, repeated PCP administration may induce neurobiological defects that mimic those present in the brain of patients with schizophrenia. This chapter discusses some of the recent studies on the effects of acute and repeated PCP administration on the rodent and nonhuman primate dopamine (DA) systems and how these neurobiological effects may underlie the psychotomimetic properties of PCP. The chapter also evaluates the relevance of DAergic dysfunction for the hypoglutamatergic and neuropathological hypotheses of PCP's effects. In the primate, acute PCP administration causes a selective activation of DA metabolism in the frontal cortex, while sparing subcortical DA systems. It is suggested that activation of DA systems by PCP may be involved in the development of neuropathology after acute PCP administration. Taken together, these studies indicate that repeated PCP administration may model the cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia and suggest that this dysfunction may be because of an inhibition of DAergic function in the PFC. Further, this paradigm may represent a step forward in biological psychiatric research by offering a tool for evaluating the pathophysiology of the deficits of schizophrenia and a mechanism for the evaluation of novel agents that may be able to ameliorate the typically treatment-refractory negative symptoms in this debilitating disorders.
Sclerotherapy of Vascular Malformations

Advances in interventional techniques have revolutionized the treatment of congenital vascular malformations of all types. Traditional open surgical extirpation of these lesions carries the very real risks of excessive blood loss, incomplete excision of the lesions—often resulting in recurrent pathology—wound-healing complications, and frequently suboptimal aesthetic outcomes. While surgery is still indicated in some cases, interventional treatments have far and away become the first-line approach in a nearly universal paradigm shift toward less invasive techniques that also typically result in diminished associated morbidity.
Chronic immunosuppressant use in colorectal cancer patients worsens postoperative morbidity and mortality through septic complications in a propensity-matched analysis.

AIM Chronic immunosuppressant use increases the risk of septic complications after colectomy; however, adverse effects on other organ systems remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the multisystem organ effect(s) of chronic immunosuppressant(s) in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS This was a retrospective study. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database (2005-2012) was queried. The primary end-points were 30-day mortality and 30-day morbidity after colectomy in patients on chronic immunosuppressant(s) compared to a non-immunosuppressant cohort. RESULTS In total, 50 766 patients were identified, with 1203 (2.4%) taking chronic immunosuppressant(s). After propensity matching, 1197 patients in each cohort were evaluated with no differences seen in age, body mass index, male sex, wound classification, emergency case status, the presence of preoperative sepsis or operative time. On outcome analysis, 30-day mortality (5.7% vs 3.4%, P < 0.001) and 30-day overall morbidity (35.4% vs 29.0%, P = 0.001) were higher in patients on chronic immunosuppressant(s). Septic complications (10.6% vs 7.9%, P = 0.02) and surgical site infections (15.3% vs 12.3%, P = 0.03) were elevated with chronic immunosuppressant(s). There were no differences in cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal or neurological complications. Chronic immunosuppressant patients demonstrated longer total hospital stay (11.4 ± 11.7 vs 9.5 ± 9.4 days, P < 0.001) and postoperative length of stay (9.4 ± 9.2 vs 8.1 ± 7.6 days, P < 0.001). The limitation was that this was a retrospective study using a clinical dataset. CONCLUSION In this study, immunosuppressant use is associated with worsened infective complications, without contributing to organ-specific complications following colectomy. Significant thought should be given to anastomosis vs stoma creation to possibly prevent worsened morbidity and mortality. Future study is required to determine specific pathways for risk reduction.
Cultura de derechos y de deberes

espanolEn este comentario, el autor lee la conferencia de Maite de Cea como una prueba de que la institucionalidad cultural en Chile ha tenido mas de continuidad que de rupturas. Luego, enfatiza que la institucionalidad cultural va mucho mas alla de la existencia de organismos publicos, ya que involucra un sistema, donde los ciudadanos deben, por cierto, hacer su parte. EnglishThe author of this commentary reads Maite de Cea’s lecture as evidence that there has been more continuity than disruption in Chile’s cultural institutions. He then stresses that cultural institutions are very far from consisting only of public agencies, as these are just part of a system in which citizens too have their role to play
Clinical application of the Turkish Get-Up to an acute shoulder injury in a competitive Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athlete.

Abstract Introduction The rationale for this case report was to identify the strengths and weaknesses associated with prescribing the Turkish Get-Up as an isometric shoulder and neck exercise. The Turkish getup is an effective tool for isometrically loading the cervical spine and shoulder and can be used with minimal space and equipment. Discussion The Turkish Get-Up was selectively applied as a therapeutic corrective intervention to a patient suffering a mild to moderate cervical, acromio-clavicular and sterno-clavicular joint sprain with associated facet syndrome and muscle spasm. There were concerns that initially gave a guarded prognosis with the realization that further imaging may be warranted after an initial trial. Conclusion The Turkish getup is an effective tool for isometrically loading the cervical spine and shoulder and can be used with minimal space and equipment. This exercise allowed the injured patient to integrate full body movement and conditioning with an emphasis on pain free isometric shoulder and cervical spine contractions to re-establish strength and motor control. The patient now has the ability to add to his training and rehabilitation an exercise that can be endlessly progressed to build continuous strength, endurance and motor control.
The equivariant Toda lattice, I

We study a reduction of the Toda lattice in the limit of infintesimal lattice spacing. Using this reduction, we formulate a conjecture for the equivariant Gromov-Witten invariants of the sphere, which we prove in genus 0. This conjecture follows from recent work of Okounkov and Pandharipande (math.AG/0207233), combined with results from the sequel to this paper.
Appendix A: Coordinate conversions

The Appendix presents diagrams showing the coordinate conversions for motion, including the ship's heading, roll, pitch, and yaw.
Preventive strategies on cheating among international computer science students

Nowadays Rivier University experiences the exponential growth of international students (mostly from India) in M.S./Computer Science and M.S./Computer Information Systems programs. For the last 7 years, the number of students was grown by the factor of 12, and 436 degrees were conferred. The most significant increase of students in these programs took place in spring 2014 when the first large cohort of 48 international students arrived on campus (currently, we have 535 students), who brought new challenges mostly associated with the cultural and educational-system differences, such as weak academic background; weak code-programming and communication skills; ineffective study skills; numerous cases of cheating and plagiarizing (practically undetected among our "traditional" local graduate students); and attempts to avoid challenges in research studies by searching the existing patterns of the problem solving.
Drag, deformation, and drift volume associated with a drop rising in a density stratified fluid

For a drop rising in a linearly density-stratified fluid, the drag acting on the drop, the drop deformation, and the drift volume induced are calculated. It is found that the stratification enhances the drag and reduces the drift volume, but it does not deform the drop.
Extending partial orders on rings

For a commutative ring with identity, it is consistently L∗ if and only if it is consistently O∗. This result is generalized to noncommutative rings with identity in the section 2. In the section 3...
“Fitting punishment”: Imaginative Revenge, the Lyrical Ballad, and Everyday Life

This essay argues that William Wordsworth and Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L.E.L.) use the lyrical ballad genre to formalize and conceptualize imaginative revenge, a pleasurable form of retaliation pa...
Libraries and Leaders as Creators of Authentic Community: Shifting Our Story from Isolation to Ownership

Libraries have evolved from collections to convening spaces over the past 30 years and the next evolution of libraries will see library leaders and workers advance community building. Leveraging th...
C-SSRS performance in emergency department patients at high risk for suicide.

Objective To evaluate the psychometric and predictive performance of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) in emergency department (ED) patients with suicidal ideation or attempts (SI/SA). Methods Participants (n = 1,376, mean age 36.8, 55% female, 76.8% white) completed the C-SSRS during the ED visit and were followed for one year. Reliability analyses, exploratory structural equation modeling, and prediction of future SA were explored. Results Reliability of the Suicidal Ideation subscale was adequate, but was poor for the Intensity of Ideation and Suicidal Behavior subscales. Three empirically derived factors characterized the C-SSRS. Only Factor 1 (Suicidal Ideation and Attempts) was a reliable predictor of subsequent SA, though odds ratios were small (ORs: 1.09-1.10, CI95% : 1.04, 1.15). The original C-SSRS Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior subscales and the C-SSRS ED screen predicted subsequent SA, again with small odds ratios (ORs: 1.07-1.19, CI95% : 1.01, 1.29). In participants without a SA history, no C-SSRS subscale predicted subsequent SA. History of any SA (OR: 1.98, CI95% : 1.43, 2.75) was the strongest predictor of subsequent SA. Conclusions The psychometric evidence for the C-SSRS was mixed. History of a prior SA, as measured by the C-SSRS, provided the most parsimonious and powerful assessment for predicting future SA.
Conductivity of disordered 2d binodal Dirac electron gas: effect of internode scattering

AbstractWe study the dc conductivity of a weakly disordered 2d Dirac electron gas with two bands and two spectral nodes, employing a field theoretical version of the Kubo–Greenwood conductivity formula. In this paper, we are concerned with the question how the internode scattering affects the conductivity. We use and compare two established techniques for treating the disorder scattering: The perturbation theory, there ladder and maximally crossed diagrams are summed up, and the functional integral approach. Both turn out to be entirely equivalent. For a large number of random potential configurations we have found only two different conductivity scenarios. Both scenarios appear independently of whether the disorder does or does not create the internode scattering. In particular, we do not confirm the conjecture that the internode scattering tends to Anderson localisation.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Boost in Combination With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Single-Institution Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

Purpose To perform a propensity-score matched analysis comparing stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) boost and high-dose-rate (HDR) boost for localized prostate cancer. Methods and Materials A single-institution retrospective chart review was conducted of men treated with pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and SBRT boost (21 Gy and 19 Gy in 2 fractions) to the prostate for prostate cancer. A cohort treated at the same institution with HDR brachytherapy boost (19 Gy in 2 fractions) was compared. Propensity-score (PS) matching and multivariable Cox regression were used for analysis. Outcomes were biochemical recurrence freedom (BCRF) and metastasis freedom (MF). Results One hundred thirty-one men were treated with SBRT boost and 101 with HDR boost with median follow-up of 73.4 and 186.0 months, respectively. In addition, 68.8% of men had high-risk and 26.0% had unfavorable-intermediate disease, and 94.3% received androgen deprivation therapy. Five- and 10-year unadjusted BCRF was 88.8% and 85.3% for SBRT and 91.8% and 74.6% for HDR boost (log-rank P = .3), and 5- and 10-year unadjusted MF was 91.7% and 84.3% for SBRT and 95.8% and 82.0% for HDR (log-rank P = .8). After adjusting for covariates, there was no statistically significant difference in BCRF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-1.79; P = .6) or MF (HR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.44-2.57; P = .9) between SBRT and HDR boost. Similarly, after PS matching, there was no statistically significant difference between SBRT and HDR (BCRF: HR 0.66, 0.27-1.62, P = .4; MF: HR 0.84, 0.31-2.26, P = .7). Grade 3+ genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity in the SBRT cohort were 4.6% and 1.5%, and 3.0% and 0.0% in the HDR cohorts (P = .4, Fisher exact test). Conclusions SBRT boost plus pelvic EBRT for prostate cancer resulted in similar BCRF and MF to HDR boost in this single institution, PS matched retrospective analysis. Toxicity was modest. Prospective evaluation of SBRT boost for the treatment of unfavorable-intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer is warranted.
The Role of Institutional Investors in Pension Risk Transfers

Risk transfers represent a preferred method for removing pension liabilities from corporate balance sheet. We examine the role of institutional shareholders on firm’s decision to offload pension liabilities to professional risk managers. We find that the likelihood of pension risk transfers is higher for firms with higher level of institutional ownership and independent institutional owners. Firms with higher concentration of institutional ownership adopting a passive investment strategy are less likely to complete pension risk transfers. We also document the plan and sponsor-level factors affecting firms’ decision to undertake pension risk transfers.
The amyloid concentric β-barrel hypothesis: Models of amyloid beta 42 oligomers and annular protofibrils

Amyloid beta (A{beta}) peptides, a major contributor to Alzheimers disease, occur in differing lengths, each of which forms a multitude of assembly types. The most toxic soluble oligomers are formed by A{beta}42; some of which have antiparallel {beta}-sheets. Previously, our group proposed molecular models of A{beta}42 hexamers in which the C-terminus third of the peptide (S3) forms an antiparallel 6-stranded {beta}-barrel that is surrounded by an antiparallel barrel formed by the more polar N-terminus (S1) and middle (S2) portions. These hexamers were proposed to act as seeds from which dodecamers, octadecamers, both smooth and beaded annular protofibrils, and transmembrane channels form. Since then, numerous aspects of our models have been supported by experimental findings. Recently, NMR-based structures have been proposed for A{beta}42 tetramers and octamers, and NMR studies have been reported for oligomers composed of ~ 32 monomers. Here we propose a range of concentric {beta}-barrel models and compare their dimensions to image-averaged electron micrographs of both beaded annular protofibrils (bAPFs) and smooth annular protofibrils (sAPFs) of A{beta}42. The smaller oligomers have 6, 8, 12, 16, and 18 monomers. These beads string together to form necklace-like bAPFs. These gradually morph into sAPFs in which a S3 {beta}-barrel is shielded on one or both sides by {beta}-barrels formed from S1 and S2 segments.
Structural Dissection of Viral Spike-Protein Binding of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 to the Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as Cellular Receptor

An outbreak by a new severe acute respiratory syndrome betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world. Immediately, following studies have confirmed the human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cellular receptor of viral Spike-Protein (Sp) that mediates the CoV-2 invasion into the pulmonary host cells. Here, we compared the molecular interactions of the viral Sp from previous SARS-CoV-1 of 2002 and SARS-CoV-2 with the host ACE2 protein by in silico analysis of the available experimental structures of Sp-ACE2 complexes. The K417 amino acid residue, located in the region of Sp Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, showed to have a key role for the binding to the ACE2 N-terminal region. The R426 residue of SARS-CoV-1 Sp-RBD also plays a key role, although by interacting with the central region of the ACE2 sequence. Therefore, our study evidenced peculiarities in the interactions of the two Sp-ACE2 complexes. Our outcomes were consistent with previously reported mutagenesis studies on SARS-CoV-1 and support the idea that a new and different RBD was acquired by SARS-CoV-2. These results have interesting implications and suggest further investigations.
Late Type 1A Endoleaks: Associated Factors, Prognosis and Management Strategies.

Abstract Objectives : Unlike periprocedural Type 1A endoleaks, late appearing proximal endoleaks have been poorly described. Methods : We studied all elective EVAR from 2010-2018 in a single institution. Late endoleaks were defined as those appearing after one year. We used Cox regression to study factors associated with late Type 1A endoleaks and survival. Results : Of 477 EVAR during the study period, 411 (86%) had follow-up imaging, revealing 24 Type 1A endoleaks; 4 early and 20 late. Freedom from Type 1A endoleaks was 99%, 92% and 81% at 1, 5 and 8 years with a median time to occurrence of 2.5 years (.01-8.2 years). On completion angiogram, only 10% of patients with a late Type 1A had a proximal endoleak, and 60% had no endoleak. Only 21% of late Type 1As were diagnosed on routine one-year CT angiogram, but 79% had stable or expanding sacs. Two thirds (65%) of the patients eventually diagnosed with late Type 1A endoleaks had previously been treated for other endoleaks, mostly Type 2 (10/13). Age (HR 1.07/year [1.02-1.12], P=.01), neck diameter >28mm (HR 3.5 [1.2-10.3], P=.02), neck length 60 degrees (HR 3.4 [1.5-7.9], P=.004) were associated with higher rates of Type 1A endoleak, but not female sex, endograft, or the use of suprarenal fixation. Two patients had proximal degeneration and 5 experienced graft migration. There were two ruptures (10%), and 13 patients underwent repair with 5 open conversions. Median survival after late Type 1A repair was 6.6 years (0-8.4 years). Conclusion : Late appearing Type 1A endoleaks have a high rate of rupture and present significant diagnostic and management challenges. Careful surveillance is needed in patients with hostile neck anatomy and those who undergo intervention for other endoleaks. Adverse neck anatomy may be better suited for open repair or fenestrated/branched devices rather than conventional EVAR.
The Main Theorem

We fix an irrational α ∈ (0,1) throughout this chapter. All probabilities are with respect to the random graph G (n, p) with p = n -α . We recall the statement of our goal, the Main Theorem 1.4.1: For any first order A $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \infty } \Pr \left[ {G(n,{n^{ - \alpha }})| = A} \right] = 0or1$$
Impact of traveling to visit friends and relatives on chronic disease management.

Background Travelers visiting friends and relatives (VFR) are known to be at high risk of acquiring infectious diseases during travel. However, little is known about the impact of VFR travel on chronic diseases. Methods This was a nonrandomized, retrospective observational study. Patients were adult VFR travelers who received care from an internal medical clinic serving immigrants and refugees. The primary objective was to determine the impact of VFR travel on markers of chronic disease management including: blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, serum creatinine, and anticoagulation. Results Of the 110 VFR travelers in our study, N = 48 traveled to Africa and N = 62 traveled to Asia for a mean duration of 59 (range 21–303) days. Of the 433 counseling points discussed at pre-travel visits, 71% were infectious disease prevention, 16% chronic disease related, and 13% travel safety. A total of 63 patients (57%) reported one or more health problems while traveling. Of these, 35 patients (32%) experienced a problem related to a chronic condition. In comparison, 24 (22%) patients experienced an acute infection. Sixty percent of patients were nonadherent to medications during travel. An average increase in diastolic blood pressure of 3.6 mmHg among patients with hypertension was the only statistically significant change in a chronic disease marker when values before and after travel were compared. Subgroup analysis revealed that travel to Africa and nonadherence to medications were also associated with worsening blood pressure control, and patients traveling to Africa experienced a decrease in body mass index. Conclusions This study identified a high proportion of problems related to chronic conditions experienced during VFR travel, while pre-travel appointments tended to focus on infectious disease prevention. A greater emphasis on medication adherence and chronic disease management during VFR travel is also needed during pre-travel preparations.
MATHEMATICS, MODELS AND ZENO'S PARADOXES

A version of nonstandard analysis, Internal Set Theory, has been used to provide a resolution of Zeno's paradoxes of motion. This resolution is inadequate because the application of Internal Set Theory to the paradoxes requires a model of the world that is not in accordance with either experience or intuition. A model of standard mathematics in which the ordinary real numbers are defined in terms of rational intervals does provide a formalism for understanding the paradoxes. This model suggests that in discussing motion, only intervals, rather than instants, of time are meaningful. The approach presented here reconciles resolutions of the paradoxes based on considering a finite number of acts with those based on analysis of the full infinite set Zeno seems to require. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the classical and quantum mechanics of performing an infinite number of acts in a finite time.
Liquid Crystals for Flaw Detection in Composites

Liquid crystals have been investigated as an inexpensive nondestructive testing (NDT) technique for composite materials. By imaging the surface temperature distribution on both cyclically loaded and unloaded materials, subsurface flaws are found to be detectable. For specimens under load, likely damage locations and subsequent damage development can be determined. Cut fibers, inclusions, and geometric discontinuities served as flaws. Fiber glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy composites were tested. It was found that liquid crystals can be used as an alternative to other NDT methods in many cases.