cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RNAi-mediated knock-down of Dab and Numb attenuate Aβ levels via γ-secretase mediated APP processing

Amyloid-β-protein (Aβ), the key component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, is produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by cleavage of β-secretase and then γ-secretase. APP adaptor proteins with phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains, including Dab (gene: DAB) and Numb (gene: NUMB), can bind to and interact with the conserved YENPTY-motif in the APP C-terminus. Here we describe, for the first time, the effects of RNAi knock-down of Dab and Numb expression on APP processing and Aβ production. RNAi knock-down of Dab and Numb in H4 human neuroglioma cells stably transfected to express either FL-APP (H4-FL-APP cells) or APP-C99 (H4-APP-C99 cells) increased levels of APP-C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs) and lowered Aβ levels in both cell lines by inhibiting γ-secretase cleavage of APP. Finally, RNAi knock-down of APP also reduced levels of Numb in H4-APP cells. These findings suggest that pharmacologically blocking interaction of APP with Dab and Numb may provide novel therapeutic strategies of AD. The notion of attenuating γ-secretase cleavage of APP via the APP adaptor proteins, Dab and Numb, is particularly attractive with regard to therapeutic potential, given that side effects of γ-secretase inhibition owing to impaired proteolysis of other γ-secretase substrates, e.g. Notch, might be avoided.
Gaming Fluency: Evaluating the Bounds and Expectations of Segment-based Translation Memory

Translation memories provide assistance to human translators in production settings, and are sometimes used as first-pass machine translation in assimilation settings because they produce highly fluent output very rapidly. In this paper, we describe and evaluate a simple whole-segment translation memory, placing it as a new lower bound in the well-populated space of machine translation systems. The result is a new way to gauge how far machine translation has progressed compared to an easily understood baseline system. The evaluation also sheds light on the evaluation metric and gives evidence showing that gaming translation with perfect fluency does not fool bleu the way it fools people.
Representaciones juveniles en la ficción televisiva. Los adultos,los jóvenes y la escuela en Física o Química

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre la capacidad de la ficcion televisiva para representar tanto a los colectivos juveniles como su relacion con el medio adulto. Partiendo de la hipotesis de la capacidad socializadora del medio televisivo, nuestro analisis se centrara en el estudio de la conocida teleserie Fisica o Quimica. Analizando su tematica, personajes, escenarios, tramas… exploraremos como el texto de ficcion pone de manifiesto los recientes cambios sociales, estructurales y culturales, que han dado nueva forma al periodo juvenil. Senalaremos, igualmente, cuales son los significados que la teleserie adjudica a los roles juveniles, a los adultos, asi como a la relacion entre ambos.
Instructional Design is to Teaching as Software Engineering is to Programming

This special session will explore practical results from the educational theory of Instructional Design (ID), with particular focus on the widespread similarities between a process for creating successful courses and a process for creating successful software. We present a small set of specific practices that should be easy for CS educators to adopt. In particular, the session will cover the popular Dick & Carey model, meant for beginners to ID. This model helps instructors rigorously define who they will teach to, what they will teach, how they will assess, and (only then) how they will teach. The approach is parallel to Software Engineering techniques such as Test-Driven Development, Requirements Engineering, and Iterative Development.The session will be a blend of presentation, participation, and assessment. Participants will work in small groups both to foster discussion and to provide learning support. The content of the presentation will particularly focus on how the model can be applied practically. It is our hope that attendees, whether new to teaching or experienced, will adopt or be influenced by the model in order to approach their courses with the same rigor they apply to software development.
Evidence of spare A1-adenosine receptors in guinea pig atrioventricular node.

In normoxic, isolated perfused guinea pig hearts instrumented for measurement of atrioventricular nodal conduction time (AVCT), an analysis utilizing the irreversible A1-adenosine (Ado) antagonist, meta-1,3-phenylene diisothiocyanate xanthine amine cogener (m-DITC-XAC), a novel isothiocyanate derivative of 1,3-dialkylxanthine, was used to investigate whether spare A1-Ado receptors exist in the guinea pig atrioventricular (AV) node and the degree of amplification (reserve) between A1-Ado receptor occupancy and dromotropic response (e.g., AVCT slowing). The potency, dose dependency, and kinetic profile (time dependence of washout and washin) of m-DITC-XAC was determined and compared with those of known competitive (reversible) A1-Ado receptor antagonists. In the presence of m-DITC-XAC, Ado and N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) produced submaximal dromotropic responses. In a series of 19 hearts, m-DITC-XAC caused 100% apparent antagonism of the effect of Ado on AVCT even after 60 min of washout. In contrast, greater than 90% of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and XAC-induced antagonism of the effect of Ado on AVCT dissipated within 35 min. Unlike XAC, which caused maximal attenuation of Ado's AVCT effect within 5 min and remained constant thereafter, m-DITC-XAC showed marked time- and concentration-dependent behavior. It was found that 5 min of 0.5 microM m-DITC-XAC pretreatment irreversibly inactivated 72% of the A1-Ado receptors mediating the dromotropic effect, and the estimated agonist equilibrium dissociation constant for CPA was 84 +/- 4 nM. The percent of spare A1-Ado receptors at the EC50 and extrapolated maximal S-H interval prolongation levels was 20 and 54%, respectively, and the reserve (coupling amplification) varied from 1 to 2.3 within the 0-50% maximal response range. In summary, m-DITC-XAC appears to specifically and irreversibly antagonize the negative dromotropic effect of Ado and CPA, and guinea pig AV nodal tissue possesses spare A1-Ado receptors.
Autocorrelation and Spectral Analyses in Hydrology

Forty years of daily flow records of a river are analyzed using autocorrelation and spectral techniques. The two methods of analysis are compared relative to economy and extracted information. For statistical prediction, autocorrelation is shown to be more economical. The discriminatory power of the spectral density function, which allows the detection of noncommensurable harmonics, did not carry very much weight for the time series studied. A reduction in calculations can be achieved by examining the behavior of the correlogram only in the vicinity of suspected periods. In modeling, autoregressive techniques may be readily extended to the multivariate case. The intended use of the results is also a factor in the choice of methodology in data analysis.
Automated Trailing-Edge Flap for Airfoil Drag Reduction Over a Large Lift-Coefficient Range

A small trailing-edge flap, often referred to as a “cruise flap” or camber-changing flap, can be used to extend the low-drag range of a natural-laminar-flow airfoil. Automation of such a cruise flap is likely to result in improved aircraft performance over a large speed range without an increase in the pilot work load. An important step in achieving the automation is to arrive at a simple approach for determination of the optimum flap angle for a given airfoil lift coefficient. This optimum flap angle can then be used in a closedloop control system to automatically set the flap. The first part of the paper presents two pressure-based schemes for determining the optimum flap angle for any given airfoil lift coefficient. The schemes use the pressure difference between two pressure sensors on the airfoil surface close to the leading edge. In each of the schemes, for a given lift coefficient, this nondimensionalized pressure difference is brought to a predetermined target value by deflecting the flap. It is shown that the drag bucket is then shifted to bracket the given lift coefficient. This non-dimensional pressure difference can, therefore, be used to determine and set the optimum flap angle for a specified lift coefficient. The two schemes differ in the method used for the nondimensionalization. The effectiveness of the two schemes are verified in the paper using computational and wind-tunnel results for two NASA laminar flow airfoils. In the second part of the paper, a closed-loop control system is developed and demonstrated for an airfoil in a wind tunnel. The control system uses a continuously-running Newton iteration to adjust the airfoil angle of attack and flap deflection. In the third part of the paper, an aircraft performance simulation approach is used to analyze the potential aircraft performance benefits while addressing trim drag considerations.
Moans and groans – logical walkthrough of a patient journey from renal failure to parathyroid carcinoma

Aim Parathyroid carcinoma is vanishingly rare in childhood and the presenting symptoms are often vague and varied. While orphan diseases are individually rare, and clinicians may only encounter each one once in their career, together they form a significant volume of paediatric practice. We aim to demonstrate a patient journey of this rare condition and illustrate how through basic principles the diagnosis was reached logically. Case A 14 year old boy with no significant past medical or family history presented after a short history of painful frank haematuria. Obstructive renal failure from urolithiasis was diagnosed and relieved. Directed diagnostic workup, starting from first principles revealed hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria resulting from hyperparathyroidism. Further directed investigations revealed a solitary parathyroid nodule. After parathyroidectomy he required management of hypocalcaemia from expected hungry bone syndrome. Histological examination finally revealed parathyroid carcinoma. Workup for multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes was negative. Conclusion Our case illustrates that rare conditions in children can be diagnosed and managed using a logical stepwise approach. Although rare diagnoses are seldom encountered, a structure approach using basic principles can be helpful for all clinical problem solving.
Defense Categories and the (Category-Defying) De Minimis Defense

De minimis defenses are an understudied aspect of law, appearing in legal practice more often than in legal theory but rarely garnering any type of extensive analysis in either. This has led to an unfortunate state of affairs in which one term is applied to a set of practices that are, at best, only loosely connected. Using Paul Robinson’s system of defense types, this paper will illustrate the various roles and functions the de minimis defense plays in our legal system. In doing so, it will highlight the dangers of viewing the defense as monolithic and suggest that our terminology surrounding de minimis ought to be revised due to the differing justifications that support the application of each de minimis type.
Calculation of Transport-Shifted CVD Phase Diagrams

A non-iterative method is presented for constructing CVD phase diagrams which include the systematic effects of chemical element segregation in mass-transfer controlled flow reactors. Element segregation is shown to substantially shift predicted deposit phase boundaries when the vapor/deposit interface equilibrium is calculated using the local element fractions instead of the feed gas elemental composition, as is usually done. The mass transfer analysis developed here accounts for both Fick and Soret multicomponent diffusion acting across a non-isothermal boundary layer. The gas phase is assumed to be chemically frozen, with local thermochemical equilibrium imposed only at the vapor/deposit interface (as in a cold wall reactor with a hot substrate). As a specific example, this model is applied to the chemical vapor deposition of titanium diboride from TiCl4(g), BC13(g) and H2(g) in an Ar(g) carrier gas for ceramic composite material applications. These calculations, which account for boron and titanium transport via 17 chemical species, are illustrated for a long cylindrical reactor with a resistively heated coaxial fiber deposition substrate and coaxial annular flow. However, the method presented here is general in that both the chemical system and CVD reactor geometry can be changed to any other system of interest, provided: i) adequate themochemical and thermophysical data are available, ii) the deposition rate is vapor transport controlled, and iii) convective-diffusion heat and mass transfer coefficients are estimable.
Process modeling and implicit tracking of moving fronts for three-dimensional thick composites manufacturing

The emerging trends in Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process technology for composites manufacturing are its applications in the manufacture of complex thick composite structures. Process modeling simulation tools analyzing the three-dimensional flow of resin impregnating the thick fiber preform are instrumental in process optimizations. The true three-dimensional flow field with multiple flow fronts and the merging and diverging fronts involved in the solution of the time progression of the resin inside a mold cavity pose significant challenges and there is a need for efficient, physically accurate algorithms for process simulation studies. In this paper, a new formulation based on the time dependent conservation of resin mass and a pure finite element method are employed to implicitly solve both for the pressure field and track the flow front progression of the resin inside the mold cavity of three-dimensional thick composites. The numerical developments involving the implicit tracking of resin progression flow fronts provide an accurate representation of the physical problem, do not involve the time step restrictions based on Courant condition as in past explicit finite element-control volume associated formulations. * Graduate Research Assistants t Professor * Research Scientists The discrete time progression of the flow front computed based on the present methodology does not depend on the time step size and the tracked location of the flow front at any discrete time does not depend on the time step size employed to reach that discrete time. The present developments have been validated with simple geometries and then extended to practical applications involving geometrically complex thick composite sections.
The Consensus Tigurinus and the Göppingen eucharistic confession: continuing instabilities in Geneva's relationship with Zurich and the Lutheran world

The Zurich Agreement of 1549 between Calvin and Bullinger (the Consensus Tigurinus) aspired to bring eucharistic teaching in the churches of Zurich and Geneva into harmony. However, while on a diplomatic mission in 1557 to secure the intercession of political leaders in favour of the Waldensian communities under threat from the king of France, Theodore Beza wrote a eucharistic confession which differed radically from the 1549 text; his hope was to persuade South German Lutherans that the Waldenses were closer to Lutheran eucharistic doctrine than the Germans thought. The fallout from this incident, copiously documented in the reformers’ letters, provokes in this study some interesting speculations about the differing priorities of Zurich and Geneva on the issue, 8 years after the Consensus.
Tensile stress and plastic deformation in aluminum induced by aqueous corrosion

Abstract Measurement of near-surface stress generated by metallic corrosion can reveal defects and material property changes relevant to structural degradation by stress corrosion cracking. In this study, stress and topography evolution were characterized during alkaline corrosion of high-purity aluminum. In situ stress measurements revealed tensile increases of the force per width (stress integrated over depth) that scale directly with the sample yield stress. Spectral analysis of the uniform dimpled surface pattern produced by corrosion showed that transient changes of its characteristic wavelength track closely with the force per width. Together, the stress and topography measurements imply that corrosion creates a plastically deformed metal layer. Tensile stress is attributed to the lattice contraction associated with metal vacancies introduced during dissolution. In agreement with this hypothesis, a vacancy diffusion model successfully predicted the time dependence and magnitude of the force response, as well as the observed scaling relation between plastic layer thickness and pattern wavelength. The driving force for vacancy formation is thought to arise from high hydrogen and low aluminum chemical potentials near the corroding surface, the latter imposed by the high dissolution potential relative to the equilibrium potential of aluminum.
In vitro synthesis of proteins in bacterial extracts.

Abstract This protocol describes the methods used to generate protein in a cell-free system derived from E. coli . The in vitro synthesis of protein has been used in studying many ribosome-based gene regulation steps ( Gong and Yanofsky, 2001 ). Such techniques have also been used to study protein–protein, protein–DNA, and protein–RNA interactions, and to produce radiolabeled protein species. More recently, such approaches have been utilized to produce large quantities of toxic proteins for proteomic and structural studies ( Yokoyama et al., 2000 ).
P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of skeletal muscle in the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pathogenesis of muscular symptomatology in the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). METHODS: P31-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed on 7 patients with EMS and 10 age matched controls to determine the relative concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in calf muscle. RESULTS: Patients with EMS had statistically lower ATP/PCr ratios and higher Pi/ATP ratios than controls, indicating a preferential and unique decrease in ATP levels at rest in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle is metabolically abnormal in patients with EMS. This abnormality may contribute to the myalgia, spasm, and weakness seen in this disorder.
Why Stem Cell Research? Advances in the Field

Despite the escalating costs of new drugs produced by the pharmaceutical industry, which is approaching $4 billion for each new marketable drug ( Munos, 2009 ), stem cell research that aims at developing new cell therapies has accelerated dramatically in terms of the breadth of interests and the discoveries that continue to evolve with a pace that is astonishing. Research in stem cell biology is opening new platforms to launch even more spectacular developments and these crowd the pages of the major journals each month. One might wonder why the field took so long to explode in such an incredible fashion. The studies of John Gurdon and colleagues ( Gurdon, 1962 ) on reprograming amphibian cells using oocytes stand as a very significant milestone that was emphatically amplified by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues ( Campbell et al., 1996 ) who unexpectedly reprogrammed mammalian somatic cell nuclei into totipotent embryos when introduced into oocytes of the same species. Martin Evans and colleagues ( Evans, 2008 ) showed that early embryonic cells of the blastocyst stage could be converted to pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Traveling on an independent plane of discovery were many great scientists of whom Irv Weismann stands out for his discoveries in adult hematopoietic stem cells in mice and humans (Spangrude et al., 1988; Weissman et al., 2001 ). Bone marrow transplants have been long established as a therapeutic strategy for blood cancers and diseases.
The Foundations of Secular Bioethics

As long as we stick to secular bioethics, the basic view of H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. is quite clear and simple: given the failure of the Enlightenment to rationally secure a content-filled, lexically ordered secular morality, we are left with a bare-bones sort of ethics of permission between moral strangers (Engelhardt, The foundations of Christian bioethics. Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, 2000). In what follows, I will address three interrelated issues: (1) is the secular, libertarian ethics of permission that Engelhardt sees us left with as impoverished as he and others hold it is – is this really all a secular bioethics can say?; (2) does this libertarian view somehow naturally tend to evolve into the liberal cosmopolitan view as he asserts?; and (3) is there nothing between the libertarian and liberal cosmopolitan views within which those who lack the content-filled sort of vision that Engelhardt aspires to might rest relatively satisfied?
2.02 – Social Regulation of Sex: How the Brain Controls Reproductive Circuits

Social status regulates sexual behavior primarily via males that form and maintain dominance hierarchies. Status is typically established via physical conflict but sustained by social signals between individuals. High social status in males produces a suite of key hormones and behaviors culminating in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) from the brain that signals the pituitary and, in turn, the gonads. In the highly social fish, Astatotilapia ( Haplochromis ) burtoni , dominance status is tightly coupled to fertility, and we have exploited this link to understand the regulatory systems from circulating hormones to gene expression that are controlled by social dominance. In reproductively active males, electrical synapses connect GnRH neurons, likely producing the necessary synchronous delivery of GnRH. Social opportunities produce rapid changes in gene expression in key brain nuclei, and both social success and failure produce changes in neuronal cell size and connectivity in reproductive centers of the brain. But how do animals perceive and use social information to modify their reproductive system and where is this information processed in the brain?
The Beginning of Mining and Metallurgical Education in the New World

The approaching 100th anniversary of the founding of our first school of mines at Columbia University reminds us that the New World’s earliest achievements in mining and metallurgical education were those of the Spanish.
Effects of an Interteaching Probe on Learning and Generalization of American Psychological Association (APA) Style

This study implemented the components of interteaching as a probe to teach American Psychological Association (APA) Style to undergraduate university students in a psychology research methods and s...
Thrombin Enhances Spontaneous Tumor Growth and Cell Cycle Activation by Downregulation of p27Kip1 and Upregulation of Skp2 and MiR-222

Although it has been generally accepted that hypercoagulability contributes to enhancing tumor growth via generation of thrombin (Cancer Cell10:355, 2006), it has not been rigorously proven, nor has the mechanism been established at the cell cycle level. Previous studies have employed thrombin-treated tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies were performed in the presence of serum which contains a panoply of growth factors. In vivo studies have used huge non-pathologic concentrations of tumor cells injected into the flank, organ or blood of a mouse. In these situations, tumor growth could be a result of thrombin-induced angiogenesis. We therefore employed a transgenic mouse prostate cancer model (TRAMP) programmed to develop prostate CA over a period of 140–175 days. We treated these animals with thrombin to induce hypercoagulability or hirudin to inhibit endogenous thrombin production, to determine whether thrombin regulates this process independent of angiogenesis. Repetitive thrombin injection enhanced prostate tumor volume 6–8 fold (p Kip1 , a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor are high, while levels of cyclins D1 and A, the activation subunits for cyclin-dependent kinases are low. Both thrombin or serum addition led to down-regulation of p27 Kip1 with concomitant induction of Skp2, the E3 ubiquitin ligase for p27 Kip1 . Cyclins D1 and A are induced by similar kinetics, indicating entry into S-phase by 8 hrs. Since p27 Kip1 appears to be a rate-limiting down-regulator of the cell cycle (absent with high tumor grade and predicts poor prognosis), we confirmed its role by testing the effect of thrombin or TFLLRN by transfecting p27 Kip1 in LNcap cells. This transfection completely prevented the cell cycle stimulation induced by these agonists. A similar approach was used with Skp2 knock down (KD), a negative down-regulator of p27 Kip1 . KD of Skp2 (over expressed in numerous cancers) completely prevented cell cycle progression induced by thrombin/TFLLRN. MiRNA 222 (upregulated in many cancers) is another down-regulator of p27 Kip1 . Further analysis following thrombin treatment revealed a robust upregulation at 4 and 8 hrs, providing further proof for the role of thrombin in down-regulating p27 Kip1 and stimulating tumor cell entrance into S-phase. Thus, 1) Thrombin enhances spontaneous prostate cell growth in vivo in the absence of enhanced angiogenesis; 2) Thrombin activates the tumor cell cycle by stimulating the down-regulation of p27 Kip1 through the upregulation of Skp2 and MiRNA 222.
Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology

The Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology provides well-woman care for women of all ages and complete care for pregnancy and birth. We evaluate and treat gynecologic disorders. We perform office, outpatient and inpatient gynecologic surgery. We offer minimally invasive hysterectomy including total laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Our division is committed to excellence in caring for women from adolescence to maturity. We regard each patient as an individual with her own history and needs. We are all dedicated to outstanding clinical practice and teaching.
Executing Storm Surge Ensembles on PAAS Cloud

Cloud computing services are becoming increasingly viable for scientific model execution. As a leased computational resource, cloud computing enables a computational modeler at a smaller university to carry out sporadic large-scale experiments, and allows others to pay for CPU cycles as needed, without incurring high maintenance costs of a large compute system. In this chapter, we discuss the issues involved in running high throughput ensemble applications on a Platform-as-a-Service cloud. We compare two frameworks deploying and running these applications, namely Sigiri and MapReduce. We motivate the need for a pipelined architecture to application deployment, and discus a couple of methodologies to balance the loads, minimize storage overhead, and reduce overall execution time.
Reducing large graphs to small supergraphs: a unified approach

Summarizing a large graph with a much smaller graph is critical for applications like speeding up intensive graph algorithms and interactive visualization. In this paper, we propose CONditional Diversified Network Summarization (CondeNSe), a Minimum Description Length-based method that summarizes a given graph with approximate “supergraphs” conditioned on a set of diverse, predefined structural patterns. CondeNSe features a unified pattern discovery module and a set of effective summary assembly methods, including a powerful parallel approach, k-Step, that creates high-quality summaries not biased toward specific graph structures. By leveraging CondeNSe ’s ability to efficiently handle overlapping structures, we contribute a novel evaluation of seven existing clustering techniques by going beyond classic cluster quality measures. Extensive empirical evaluation on real networks in terms of compression, runtime, and summary quality shows that CondeNSe finds 30–50% more compact summaries than baselines, with up to 75–90% fewer structures and equally good node coverage.
Chapter 13 Macroeconomic theory and policy: How the closed economy was opened

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses history of international transactions and relationships that were introduced into macroeconomic models and policy in the twenty-five years following the Second World War. Modern models of exchange-rate determination focus sharply on money and bond markets. The chapter discusses the Marshall–Lerner–Robinson that was developed to show how a change in the exchange rate affects the current-account balance. The Keynesian multiplier has been used to show how changes in domestic activity affect the balance of payments and to trace the propagation of business fluctuations. The chapter focuses on the aims and instruments of economic policy. It discusses fixed and flexible exchange rates that are dealt mainly with the best technique for altering rates promptly. The ways in which exchange-rate changes can influence wages and prices, nominal rates of return on financial instruments, or the demand for real balances are also discussed in the chapter. Finally, it reviews that the actors within any economic model base their own decisions on experience. The ways in which households, firms, and governments respond to information are conditioned by earlier successes and mistakes. They may be maximizing something or other, but their strategies are almost always based on imperfect information and imperfect methods for collecting and assessing it. The institutional framework within which they operate is itself a product of experience. Economists design their own models to fit certain sets of facts, frequently subsets of “stylized facts” distilled from recollection and observation by methods that lead to build models that fit the recent facts most closely.
Gender Differences in Coping with Emotional Distress

The finding that women report and exhibit higher levels of psychological distress than men has puzzled stress researchers for years (Dohrenwend & Dohrenwend, 1976; Gove & Tudor, 1973; Kessler & McRae 1981; Link & Dohrenwend, 1980). Three major explanations have been offered. The methodological artifact explanation suggests that women are socialized to be more expressive and therefore will admit more emotional symptoms than men in response to standard psychological distress scales (e.g., Newmann, 1984). The stress-exposure argument suggests that women face more stressors in general or more severe, persistent stressors than men (e.g., Gove, 1972; Kessler & McLeod, 1984; Aneshensel & Pearlin, 1987). The vulnerability argument suggests that women lack coping resources, such as high self-esteem, a sense of mastery, or appropriate coping strategies for handling the stressors to which they are exposed (Kessler & Essex, 1982; Pearlin & Schooler, 1978; Turner & Noh, 1983).
Structured Event Retrieval over Microblog Archives

Microblog streams often contain a considerable amount of information about local, regional, national, and global events. Most existing microblog search capabilities are focused on recent happenings and do not provide the ability to search and explore past events. This paper proposes the problem of structured retrieval of historical event information over microblog archives. Rather than retrieving individual microblog messages in response to an event query, we propose retrieving a ranked list of historical event summaries by distilling high quality event representations using a novel temporal query expansion technique. The results of an exploratory study carried out over a large archive of Twitter messages demonstrates both the value of the microblog event retrieval task and the effectiveness of our proposed search methodologies.
The addition of frontal EEG leads improves detection of cortical arousal following obstructive respiratory events.

Study objectives To examine the hypothesis that respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) end in arousal not detected by conventional electroencephalographic (EEG) leads. Design Observational. Setting The study was conducted at a major metropolitan sleep disorders center. Subjects 10 patients with untreated OSAS and 5 patients undergoing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration for OSAS. Measurements and results Standard clinical nocturnal polysomnography recordings were supplemented to include frontal EEG leads and airflow measured by nasal cannula pressure. In 10 untreated subjects, 1465 obstructive events (apneas, hypopneas, and flow limitation events), and in 5 subtherapeutic CPAP-titrated subjects, 459 total events were identified during non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep only. American Academy of Sleep Medicine arousal criteria applied to central leads and to frontal leads allowed detection of an additional 24% respiratory event-related arousals by frontal leads than by conventional leads. Frontal arousal detection differed by event type: 16% of apneas, 21% of hypopneas, and 35% of flow limitation events. Autonomic correlate (increased heart rate) of both conventional and frontal arousals was similar (in a subgroup of 8 untreated patients, analyzing only flow limitation events). Tabulating frontal arousals separately for each frontal lead indicated that Fz as the sole frontal lead (added to conventional leads) increased detection of arousals by 19% over using only conventional leads (total of 92% of all obstructive respiratory events). Conclusions The addition of a single frontal lead (Fz) yields additional respiratory-related arousal information that appears physiologically relevant. Future studies are needed to assess clinical relevance to the evaluation and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing.
A Pilot Study to Determine MBSE Utility for Process Modeling of Complex Interfaces

Modeling a full system or a complete interface between systems in a MBSE environment is a very large task and not all organizations will benefit enough from using MBSE to offset the effort that is required to do this. Completely modeling a system or interface is not necessary to evaluate the utility of MBSE for a specific application or organization. A small pilot can be executed over a short period of time that only models small portions of a system or interface and, if structured properly, this pilot can successfully demonstrate the utility of MBSE for an organization before having to invest a larger amount of resources to fully implement and deploy MBSE. This paper documents one such pilot that was conducted for NASA's Launch Services Program.
Probabilistic Power Flow Calculation and Variance Analysis Based on Hierarchical Adaptive Polynomial Chaos-ANOVA Method

The generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) method recently advocated in the literature, exhibits impressive efficiency and accuracy in probabilistic power flow (PPF) calculations of small-scale power systems. However, it suffers from the “curse of dimensionality” and can only be applied to systems with input random variables that follow a set of standard probability distributions. This paper overcome these weaknesses by developing a hierarchical polynomial chaos analysis of variance (ANOVA) method that shows excellent performances in terms of accuracy, efficiency, rationality, and adaptability, for small- to large-scale power systems. By proving the equivalence between the polynomial chaos expansion and the ANOVA decomposition, which is executed at no extra computational cost, the dimensionality of the polynomial chaos expansion can be adaptively reduced to improve the computational efficiency of the generalized polynomial chaos method in high-dimensional problems. Furthermore, by resorting to the Stieltjes procedure, it is extended to any assumed probability distributions of the input random variables. Simulation results carried out on the IEEE 118-bus system and the 1354-bus European high voltage system with correlated renewable energy generations reveal that the developed method outperforms the generalized polynomial chaos method and the Monte Carlo (MC) method while being compatible with real-time applications in power systems.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging and Diseases of Aging

Mitochondria have been increasingly recognized as the important players in the aging process [...].
TECHNICAL REVIEW OF DISPLAY ISSUES IN AUTOMOTIVE ENVIRONMENT

Over the past several years, many different display technologies have been used in the automobile. Each of the technologies has certain advantages and disadvantages when used in the automotive environment. This paper reviews these advantages and disadvantages for the four leading automotive display technologies. The display technologies evaluated include gas discharge, light emitting diode, vacuum fluorescent, and liquid crystal. This paper also includes a review of the auttomotive environment as it relates to electronic displays.
“We’re building their data”: Labor, alienation, and idiocy in the smart city:

In 2017, Uber Technologies Inc. launched a new service called Uber Movement. Designed by a team of 10 engineers, the new service provided a select number of cities access to Uber’s vast trove of tr...
Targeted Protection Maximization in Social Networks

Even though the widespread use of social platforms provides convenience to our daily life, it causes some bad results at the same time. For example, misinformation and personal attack can be spread easily on social networks, which drives us to study how to block the spread of misinformation effectively. Unlike the classical rumor blocking problem, we study how to protect the targeted users from being influenced by rumor, called targeted protection maximization (TPM). It aims to block the least edges such that the expected ratio of nodes in targeted set influenced by rumor is at most $\beta$ . Under the IC-model, the objective function of TPM is monotone non-decreasing, but not submodular and not supermodular, which makes it difficult for us to solve it by existing algorithms. In this paper, we propose two efficient techniques to solve TPM problem, called Greedy and General-TIM. The Greedy uses simple Hill-Climbing strategy, and get a theoretical bound, but the time complexity is hard to accept. The second algorithm, General-TIM, is formed by means of randomized sampling by Reverse Shortest Path (Random-RS-Path), which reduces the time consuming significantly. A precise approximation ratio cannot be promised in General-TIM, but in fact, it can get good results in reality. Considering the community structure in networks, both Greedy and General-TIM can be improved after removing unrelated communities. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms is evaluated on several real datasets.
Three-dimensional organization of the hepatic microcirculation in the rodent as observed by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts

Abstract The hepatic microcirculation was studied in three dimensions by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. A methyl methacrylate casting medium was used which was formulated into a low viscosity mixture so that arterial, venous, and capillary divisions were filled and, hence, casted. Under injection conditions of constant flow and physiologic pressure, the casting medium appeared to distribute according to the intrahepatic vascular resistances. The vascular connections within the hepatic microcirculation and their extent could be easily assessed using this technique. The sinusoids were observed to be organized into dense, anastomosing capillary masses which were supplied by short inlet venules and terminal divisions of the distributing portal vein as well as by arteriolar capillaries. In some cases, the arteriolar capillaries connected with sinusoids at a point midway between the central and portal veins. The density of capillaries that was casted immediately adjacent to the portal areas varied extensively. Portal areas containing a paucity of capillaries appeared to define perivenular capillary thickets, the vessels of which radiated toward a centrally located collecting venule. The thickets followed the distribution of the hepatic venous divisions. These capillary masses produced patterns corresponding to the organization of the hepatic parenchyma. Increased permeability of the sinusoids in some areas was evidenced by leakage of casting medium from sinusoids into the spaces of Disse and Mall. Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts are useful in evaluating the three-dimensional organization of the normal hepatic microcirculation and could be applied to the study of perturbations that occur in the vasculature in pathologic conditions.
High-fat diet-induced GAIT element-mediated translational silencing of mRNAs encoding inflammatory proteins in macrophage protects against atherosclerosis

Previously, we identified a mechanism of inflammation control directed by ribosomal protein L13a and "GAIT" (Gamma Activated Inhibitor of Translation) elements in target mRNAs and showed that its elimination in myeloid cell-specific L13a knockout mice (L13a KO) increased atherosclerosis susceptibility and severity. Here, we investigated the mechanistic basis of this endogenous defense against atherosclerosis. We compared molecular and cellular aspects of atherosclerosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed L13a KO and intact (control) mice. HFD treatment of control mice induced release of L13a from 60S ribosome, formation of RNA-binding complex, and subsequent GAIT element-mediated translational silencing. Atherosclerotic plaques from HFD-treated KO mice showed increased infiltration of M1 type inflammatory macrophages. Macrophages from KO mice showed increased phagocytic activity and elevated expression of LDL receptor and pro-inflammatory mediators. NanoString analysis of the plaques from KO mice showed upregulation of a number of mRNAs encoding inflammatory proteins. Bioinformatics analysis suggests the presence of the potential GAIT elements in the 3'UTRs of several of these mRNAs. Macrophage induces L13a/GAIT-dependent translational silencing of inflammatory genes in response to HFD as an endogenous defense against atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- model.
Microwave-Assisted Cleavage of Cysteine Perfluoroaryl Thioethers

The cysteine- perfluoroarene SNAr reaction allows for the sequence-specific attachment of dyes and affinity tags to peptides and proteins. However, while many methods exist for the desulfuration of native and functionalized cysteine residues, there are no reports of their application to perfluoroarylated cysteines. Herein we report both the hydrogenolysis of a perfluoroarylated cysteine to alanine and elimination to dehydroalanine, reactions that are both accelerated by microwave irradiation.
Neurotoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

e15096Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are associated with multiple immune related adverse events (irAE). Moderate to severe neurotoxicity is reported in less than 1% of all patients ...
More than the Sum of Its Parts: Intersections of Sexual Orientation and Race as They Influence Perceptions of Group Similarity and Stereotype Content

Across two studies conducted in the United States, we apply an intersectional analysis to investigate how the interaction of sexual orientation (gay versus straight) and race (Black versus White) in male groups affect perceptions of inter-group similarity and stereotype content. The intersectionality hypothesis (Hypothesis 1) predicts that the interaction of race and sexual orientation will influence inter-group similarity perceptions and produce unique stereotype content that is not the result of simply adding race stereotypes to sexual orientation stereotypes. The related prototypicality hypothesis (Hypothesis 2) predicts that intersectional groups will generate more perceived dissimilarity and more unique attributes when they are non-prototypical with respect to race (Black) and sexual orientation (gay). We found strong support for intersectionality (Hypothesis 1); for Hypothesis 2, the prototypicality hypothesis, support was strongest with respect to the impact of non-prototypical sexual orientation (i.e., gayness). In Study 1, the group “Gay Black men” was viewed as most dissimilar to the group “Men,” and to its constituent ingroups. In Study 2, the group “Gay Black men” generated the most unique stereotype content. The addition of the label “gay” also reduced stereotype negativity, particularly in perceptions of Black men. The results contribute to research and theory by demonstrating that the intersection of ethnic and sexual orientation stereotypes is complex and produces meaningful differences in the perception of groups.
Not forgotten by novel disease: COVID-19 complicated by lemierre's syndrome

Introduction: Lemierre's syndrome is an extremely rare disease that generally occurs in young, healthy adults and is characterized by oropharyngeal infection followed by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. We present a case of COVID-19 infection complicated by acute mastoiditis with concomitant Lemierre's syndrome. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male with obesity and asthma presented with worsening dyspnea after diagnosis of COVID-19 three days prior. The patient was febrile to 101 degrees Fahrenheit and hypoxemic requiring 15 liters supplemental oxygen. CT chest showed severe multifocal bilateral pulmonary opacities and initial blood cultures were negative. He received dexamethasone, remdesivir, and convalescent plasma but clinical status deteriorated with progression of respiratory and renal failure. The patient was eventually intubated and a left internal jugular central venous catheter was placed for renal replacement therapy. Hospital course was further complicated by new onset atrial fibrillation with RVR, for which amiodarone and heparin infusions were started. Four days later, the patient developed intermittent fevers and was found to have Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteremia. Doppler ultrasound showed thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein consistent with Lemierre's syndrome. Physical exam did not exhibit neck edema, induration or dental infection, but CT head and chest revealed acute bilateral mastoiditis and new right upper lobe abscess. Despite removal of internal jugular venous catheter, continued anticoagulation, and initiation of broad spectrum antibiotics, the patient developed worsening multiorgan failure and septic shock requiring vasopressors. He ultimately underwent PEA arrest and did not survive resuscitation. Discussion: Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition with an estimated worldwide incidence of one in 1 million and a high mortality between 5% to 18%. The most common pathogen is Fusobacterium necrophorum. Moreover, our patient had elevated risk of thrombosis from COVID-19 and a recently placed central venous catheter. As providers increasingly care for patients with COVID-19, early recognition and management of this rare complication is paramount to reduce mortality. Fusobacterium bacteremia should lead to a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis and treatment of Lemierre's syndrome.
Old Cultures Never Die

Although Wilton Earle established the permanent cell line strain L from a C3H mouse as early as 1940, few biologists took advantage of such material for research until the next decade, when, in 1951, George Gey established the He La line from a human carcinoma. One of the reasons biologists were not more interested in cell and tissue cultures was that it was both difficult and expensive to set up a tissue culture laboratory. The interest in cell culture at the beginning of the 1950s was stimulated by the pioneering work of John Enders and his associates, who claimed that cells in culture could accept animal viruses as a substrate, thus avoiding inoculations from animal to animal and lessening the danger of accidental infection.