cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons by yeasts

Six yeasts were examined for their ability to metabolize naphthalene, biphenyl and benzo(a)pyrene. All of the organisms tested oxidized these aromatic hydrocarbons. Candida lipolytica oxidized naphthalene to 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone and trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. The major metabolite was 1-naphthol. C. lipolytica oxidized biphenyl to produce 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybiphenyl. 4-Hydroxybiphenyl was the predominant metabolite formed. C. lipolytica oxidized benzo(a)pyrene to 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene and 9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. Metabolites were isolated and identified by absorption spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry and thin-layer, gasliquid and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Where possible the structures of these metabolites were confirmed by comparison with authenic compounds.
HEAO 1 hard X-ray observation of clusters of galaxies and intracluster magnetic fields

The results of HEAO 1 hard X-ray measurements of three clusters of galaxies, Abell 401, Abell 2255, and Abell 2256 are reported. Nonthermal components were not detected above the level of 10 to the -5th photons/sq cm/s/keV. Comparison of the flux upper limits with theoretical predictions yields lower limits of about 10 to the -7th gauss on the mean value of the intracluster magnetic fields in the central regions of these clusters.
Experimental investigation on mode coupling of bulk mode silicon MEMS resonators

This paper demonstrates the effect of nonlinear elasticity on the coupling between different bulk modes of silicon MEMS resonators. From experimental data, we observe that the coupling has a strong dependence on the resonant mode order, the mode shape of the coupled modes, as well as the doping type / concentration, and crystal orientation, leading to a variety of complex and potentially useful phenomena.
Theory of the burning of monopropellant droplets

Abstract The steady-state burning of a single liquid monopropellant droplet in an infinite inert atmosphere is considered in detail, including allowances for thermal conduction, diffusion and chemical kinetic effects. Simplified forms of the governing equations are developed, and theoretical predictions compared with experimental results.
High noble metal concentrations in a late Pliocene sediment

A 2.3-Myr-old layer in a sediment from the Antarctic Ocean contains Ir and Au at levels comparable with those at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. A sizable fraction of the noble metals is contained in vesicular, millimetre-sized poly-mineralic grains that closely resemble ablation debris from chondritic meteorites, and there is little doubt that the noble metals resulted from the accretion of a large extraterrestrial object. No massive extinctions or other evidence of environmental stress seem to be associated with this accretionary event.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Self-Assembly of Racemic (R)/(S)-2-Bromohexadecanoic Acid on a Graphite Surface: Enantio-pure or Enantio-mixed Domains?

The morphological enantio-identity of racemic (R)/(S)-2-bromohexadecaonic acid self-assemblies on graphite is examined according to molecular dynamics simulations of the optimized potential for liq...
The platelet-derived growth factor

The platelet is well known for its importance in the process of blood coagulation and hemostasis. However, only in recent years has it become apparent that this cell also plays an important role in the process of inflammation and in the stimulation of cell proliferation. It is in this latter context that the platelet may play a vital role in the process of atherogenesis (Ross and Glomset 1976; Ross and Harker 1976). The discovery that platelets are important in cell proliferation was made as a result of the observation that serum derived from cell-free plasma lacked the capacity to induce DNA synthesis in cells in culture (Ross et al. 1974). At the same time, however, such plasma-derived serum retains the capacity to sustain many diploid cells in culture in a quiescent and well-nourished state for periods as long as six to eight weeks. Re-addition of whole blood serum to quiescent cultures of cells such as 3T3 or smooth muscle in plasma-derived serum initiates proliferation in these cell populations (Ross et al. 1978) (Figure 1).
Market structure analysis: a foundation for developing and assessing bank strategy

Knowledge of how consumers perceive alternative banks on important attributes provides a foundation for understanding market structure. Market structure analysis can assist the bank in identifying potential opportunities in differentiation and in assessing the viability of low cost as a competitive advantage. This paper presents the results of a study that utilized perceptual mapping to assist in analyzing market structure and in developing marketing strategies based on this knowledge. The success of the strategies was tracked and assessed by a replication of the market structure analysis five years later.
Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid levels of dopamine metabolites by gas chromatography.

The acid metabolites of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were determined in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a new procedure. After gas Chromatographic separation, the pentafluoropropionyl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propionyl esters of DOPAC and HVA were analyzed by electron capture detection. Normal HVA levels were quantitated in as little as 0.1 ml CSF. No significant amounts of DOPAC (< 1 ng/ml) were found in any of the drug-free samples analyzed. Levels of DOPAC increased only marginally in the CSF of patients receiving acute or chronic doses of lDopa. Baseline HVA levels ranged from 4.5–50 ng/ml with a mean value of 23 ng/ml. These studies demonstrate that HVA is the major dopamine metabolite in human CSF.
On the measure of fuzziness and negation. II. Lattices

We propose that the measure of fuzziness of a concept is related to the distinction between the concept and its negation. In this paper we are concerned with the situation in which our objects lie in a lattice. We introduce the lattice concept of betweenness to operationalize our definition. We investigate properties of this concept of fuzziness. We also discuss the related notion of negation in lattices in detail.
Modeling wind and altitude effects in the 200 m sprint

A quasi-realistic mathematical model of 100 m sprint performances is modified to simulate the 200 m race, a portion of which is run around a curve. The calculated effects of wind are complex functions of the wind direction and the lane in which the athlete is running. It is shown that wind and altitude-assisted marks for the 200 m are in some cases significantly higher than the corresponding adjustments for the 100 m sprint under similar conditions. The estimated advantage of a 2 m s1 tail wind is between 0.090.14 s, with the greater advantage going to the runner in the outside lane. At higher altitudes (>2000 m), these corrections can rise to over 0.3 s. Crosswinds can further enhance the performance by over 0.5 s due to decreased drag forces around the curve. A consequence of these results suggests that record ratification procedures for such performances be reconsidered. The model is also used to study Michael Johnson's world record race of 19.32 s from the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. PAC...
Osmium isotopic characteristics of mantle-derived rocks

Abstract Osmium isotopic compositions and Re and Os concentrations have been determined on ultramafic and mafic rocks derived from the contemporary mantle. These samples have a large range in measured 187 Os 186 Os (1.0032 to 1.173). Peridotites from the Southwest Indian Ridge and Zabargad Island (Red Sea) and cumulate chromitites from Zambales ophiolite (Philippines) range in 187 Os 186 Os from 1.083 to 1.0032. Ocean island basalts (OIBs) from Hawaii and Iceland considered to be representative of a distinct plume-source mantle have 187 Os 186 Os of about 1.10. Other OIBs which have high 187 Os 186 Os of ≥ 1.151 require involvement of at least one additional component with a different Os isotopic composition in their formation. The observed range in Os isotopic composition is consistent with an average silicate earth 187 Os 186 Os of 1.10. This value is higher than the value determined by Allegre and Luck (1980) but is within the range observed in meteorites. In this case, all the analyzed suboceanic peridotites as well as subcontinental samples have been affected to varying degrees by Re depletion related to ancient melt extraction events which occurred in some regions of the mantle.
Cells Isolated from Inflamed Periapical Tissue Express Mesenchymal Stem Cell Markers and Are Highly Osteogenic

Introduction We previously reported the presence of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) in inflamed pulp tissue. Here we asked whether MSCs also exist in inflamed periapical tissues resulting from endodontic infection. The objectives of this study were to detect the expression of MSC markers in periapical inflammatory tissues and to characterize isolated cells from these tissues.
Case formulation in TADS CBT

For the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS), a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) manual was developed with the aim of balancing standardization and flexibility. In this article, we describe the manual's case formulation procedures, which served as one major mechanism of flexibility in TADS CBT. We first describe the essential components of a cognitive-behavioral case formulation. We then present a rationale for including individualized case formulation in manual-based treatments and clinical effectiveness studies, and discuss the specific case of TADS. We illustrate case formulation in an effectiveness study with a composite “case” of a 15-year-old male treated with TADS CBT. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Synthesis of nucleoside adducts of porphyrins and chlorophyll derivatives.

Abstract Treatment of various vinyl-porphyrins and -chlorins with 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-5-chloromercuriuridine under “Heck conditions” affords both trans- and gem-nucleoside adducts in ratios which depend upon the nature of the vinyl-porphyrin or -chlorin.
Hartree-Fock fields and ionization potential for O15 for a general two-nucleon potential

Abstract Starting with an assumed nucleon-nucleon potential V ( r 1 − r 2 ) and the independent particle model, the effective Hartree-Fock fields for the 1s and 1p nucleons in the O 15 nucleus have been calculated. The V ( r 1 − r 2 ) is assumed to contain tensor and spin-orbit forces, in addition to the central and Coulomb forces, as well a repulsive hard core. In order to take the hard core into account the individual particle wave functions are modified to include a correlation function which is shown to give rise to an additional effective two-body potential. The wave functions are assumed to be combinations of determinantal functions. The calculated effective fields in O 15 are graphed against the coordinate r 1 . Binding energies of the ‘last’ nucleons in O 15 are also calculated, and the results compared with earlier work along similar lines, but in which all forces except the central and Coulomb forces had been neglected. This comparison shows that there is some improvement in the binding energies.
The Practical Dynamics of the Interim Denture Concept: A Comparison with the Conventional Immediate Denture Technique

Today’s patients insist that the period of transition from edentulous to dentulous be as short as possible with the minimum of alteration to appearance and speech
Transport of l-ascorbic acid and dehydro-l-ascorbic acid across renal cortical basolateral membrane vesicles

Abstract The uptake of l -ascorbic acid and dehydro- l -ascorbic acid into renal cortical basolateral membrane vesicles has been characterized. The uptake systems for both solutes demonstrate saturation kinetics. The presence of structural analogs of l -ascorbic acid and dehydro- l -ascorbic acid results in cis-inhibition and trans-stimulation. Uptake of each substrate is Na + -independent, proceeding to an endpoint of substrate equilibrium across the vesicular membrane. The transport mechanism(s) for l -ascorbic acid and dehydro- l -ascorbic acid appears to be facilitated diffusion.
Interferon β decreases T cell activation and interferon γ production in multiple sclerosis

Interferons (IFN) are biological molecules with anti-viral, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory actions. There is evidence that IFN-gamma increases the frequency of exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (MS) whereas IFN-beta may reduce their frequency. Here we present evidence that IFN-beta significantly decreases concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of MS patients and healthy individuals. Similar results were obtained when PBMC were activated through the T cell receptor (TcR) by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody or independently of it by phorbol ester and Ca2+ ionophore. These effects of IFN-beta were also noted when IFN-gamma and IFN-beta were added together. Furthermore, IFN-beta decreased proliferation when added to cells that were already pre-activated. Activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were downregulated to approximately the same extent. Analysis of cytokine production showed that IFN-gamma production by Con A activated PBMC was increased in MS when compared to controls. IFN-beta significantly decreased IFN-gamma production in MS patients and control individuals. Con A activated cultures treated with IFN-beta showed decreased IL2R expression and accumulation of IL2. These results show that IFN-beta decreases T cell activation and IFN-gamma production in vitro, effects that may be beneficial in MS.
Endochronic Description of Cyclic Hardening Behavior for Metallic Materials

The cyclic hardening behavior of metallic materials at a prescribed constant plastic strain rate is investigated. The development is within the framework of the endochronic theory of viscoplasticity. It has been shown that a cyclic steady state can be attained theoretically, in agreement with the experimental finding. A general expression for describing the stress-strain relation for all cycles of a fatigue test with fixed total strain amplitude is presented and the peak stress of each cycle at different specified total strain level is also investigated.
PHinDing a New Histone “Effector” Domain

Lysine methylation on histones represents an important epigenetic indexing system for active and repressed chromatin states. Four papers published recently by Nature highlight the discovery of the PHD finger as a new histone methyl-lysine recognition domain.
The Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination of Phenyl 2-(3,4-dihydro-1(2H)naphthalenylidine)hydrazinecarboxylate and Phenyl (2,4-dichlorophenyl-methylene)hydrazinecarboxylate

(E)-Phenyl 2-(3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenylidine)hydrazinecarboxylate and (E)-phenyl (2,4-dichlorophenylmethylene)hydrazinecarboxylate were prepared by the condensation of 1-tetralone or 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde with phenyl hydrazinecarboxylate. Crystals of C17H16N2O2 3 are monoclinic, C2/c, a = 17.763(4) A, b = 8.353(2) A, c = 40.233(8) A, Z = 16, V = 5,839(2) A3, R 1 = 0.0448 and wR 2 = 0.1104 for reflections with I > 2σ(I). Crystals of C14H10N2O2Cl2 5 are orthorhombic, P212121, a = 8.288(3) A, b = 14.082(2) A, c = 23.788(5) A, Z = 8, V = 2,777(1) A3, R 1 = 0.0815 and wR 2 = 0.2006 for reflections with I > 2σ(I). The molecular packing in the crystal for both compounds is the result of N–H···O hydrogen bonding. X-ray crystal analysis was important for the confirmation of the structure of phenyl 2-(3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenylidine)hydrazinecarboxylate and phenyl (2,4-dichlorophenylmethylene)hydrazinecarboxylate that have been prepared by the 1:1 condensation of 1-tetralone or 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde with phenyl hydrazinecarboxylate.
The Effect of a Business and Society Course on Business Student Attitudes Toward Corporate Social Responsibility

The authors investigated the impact of an undergraduate business and society course on students’ attitudes about the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) at a highly diverse, urban, Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business–accredited U.S. university. Students were surveyed for their attitudes about key areas of business and CSR. Findings indicated that students who had completed the course were less likely to believe that a company's primary responsibility was to maximize shareholder value, and were more likely to believe that creating value for the local community was a company's primary responsibility. However, the authors found there were no significant differences for some other CSR attitudes investigated.
A Study of the Mechanism of Contact Ice Nucleation

Abstract The nucleation of freezing of supercooled water drops by metaldehyde, phloroglucinol and 1,5–dihydroxynaphthalene was studied. It was found that the threshold temperature for nucleation by contact of the particles with the supercooled drops was 2–3°C warmer than the threshold when the same drops were melted and re–frozen with the nuclei already partly immersed. There was no evidence that the high threshold for contact nucleation was due to active sites that were subsequently destroyed. Rather, it was thought to be associated with the movement of the water front along the surface of the nucleus during the contact process. It is suggested that this process gives rise to a transient high free energy zone which facilitates nucleation. In support of this theory, measurements were made of the contact angles of water on the three compounds.
SU-GG-J-47: Verification of a Deformable Image Registration Algorithm for Head and Neck Cancer Therapy

Introduction: H&N cancer patients may require frequent CTimaging for re‐planning due to significant anatomical changes to improve dosimetric accuracy. A challenging task is manual delineation of target(s) and normal structures on each image sets acquired on different days. The aim of this study was to verify a Small Deformation Inverse Consistent Linear Elastic (SICLE) deformable image registration for its ability to deformably‐map contours on H&N image sets by comparing them to physician‐drawn contours. Methods and Materials: Six patients with H&N cancer who had frequent CTimaging were selected. GTVs, parotids, cord and brainstem were physican‐drawn on both source and target image sets. Physician‐drawn contours on source image set were deformed by the DVFs to produce deformably‐mapped contours and dose on target images. Differences between the physician‐drawn and deformably‐mapped contours were compared using: “Differences in volumes(Vdiff)”, “differences in center of mass(COMdiff)”, “volume overlap index(VOI)”, “3D‐perpendicular‐distance‐maps”. To evaluate the clinical usefulness, plans were generated based on the physician‐drawn and deformably‐mapped contours. Furthermore, the dose from source image was deformed to target images using the DVFs. Plans were compared for their coverage of physician‐drawn contours. Results: While GTV and NodalGTV VOIs ranged from 0.57 to 0.72 and 0.57 to 0.79 respectively, for parotids, brainstem and cord, it varied from 0.42 to 0.82. Up to 1.7cm and 2.9cm discrepancies were observed in esophagus and cord COM in z direction. Visual comparison of physician‐drawn and deformably‐mapped GTVcontours showed a reasonably well agreement. Dosimetric impact of contour differences was not very significant with <5% differences in PTV D95. Conclusion: SICLE algorithm can produce high quality contours on subsequent H&N image sets. However, manual modification of deformably‐mapped contours may be necessary. Deformably‐mapped contours can be used as a QA tool for inspecting manually‐drawn contours, in addition to reducing or even eliminating the manual contouring workload.
Treatment options for anterior instability: Open versus arthroscopic

Abstract Although open Bankart and capsulorrhaphy repair techniques offer a very reliable method for elimination ofanterior shoulder instability, they have the disadvantages of associated surgical morbidity and potential for loss of external rotation. Arthroscopic Bankart repair has been a developing surgical alternative that offers less surgical morbidity and possibly better ultimate range of motion. However, this latter approach has a higher failure rate. In the future, recognition of the optimal factors for successful treatment with arthroscopic techniques may allow the surgeon to select patients for this method, while directing others to an open approach.
Staphylococcal and enterococcal infections in the neonatal intensive care unit

Along with the successes in improving the survival of preterm neonates have come changes in the epidemiology of pathogens that cause healthcare-associated infections. Although gram-negative bacilli and group B streptococci predominated in past years, gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and enterococci have since taken on greater roles. This shift has been accompanied by difficulties in defining optimal treatments for these pathogens because of emerging resistance patterns.
Initial relative ion abundances and relaxation times from apodized, segmented FT/ICR time domain signals

Abstract A Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT/ICR) time domain signal (TDS) can be simply described by a superposition of exponentially decaying sinusoids. If the mass components decay at different rates, however, then the FT magnitude peak heights give erroneous ratios of actual ion abundances. A method is presented to circumvent this difficulty that divides the original TDS into shorter (overlapping) segments as a function of the time of the first point, T i , in each segment. For a particular mass component, the peak height maximum, M , of the FT magnitude spectrum of each segment is related to T i such that a plot of ln [ M ] versus T i is linear, with slope and intercept proportional to the decay constant (inverse of relaxation time) and initial amplitude (TDS amplitude at beginning of detection), respectively. Inclusion of an arbitrary apodization function in the derivation of the equation for M leaves the slope of the above plot invariant but introduces a decay constant-dependent shift in the intercept. Numerical simulations using this scheme generally predict initial amplitudes and damping constants to better than 0.1%. Electron-beam ionization experiments on Kr ( P = 3.3 × 10 −7 torr) are compatible with exponential damping and suggest that the dominant isotopic fractionation mechanism in FT/ICR is dependent on ion number rather than mass. Application of the segmenting procedure to the Kr experimental data yields isotope ratios with greatly reduced scatter and apparently improved accuracy.
The Conceptual Basis for Statics and Development of a Statics Concept Inventory

This paper describes efforts to establish the fundamental concepts that underlie the solving of problems in Statics, and to devise means of measuring student understanding of these concepts. These efforts are aimed at providing a principled means for improving the quality of instruction in Statics, at least with respect to promoting conceptual understanding. A set of four concept clusters is proposed, together with a set of skills for implementing these concepts. Typical errors committed by students are categorized and shown to be related to these concept clusters. A testing instrument is presented to measure student ability to use the key concepts of Statics individually, with negligible mathematical analysis. This Statics Concept Inventory includes 27 multiple choice questions, focusing on 4 general concepts: free body diagrams, interchange of forces, couples and moments, the forces acting at connections and between bodies, and the conditions of equilibrium. Incorrect answer choices reflect typical student errors. Psychometric analyses of two administrations of this test are reported, one at the start and one just after the end of a sophomore mechanical engineering Statics course.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor system: a new target for the treatment of addiction and affective disorders?

The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor system: a new target for the treatment of addiction and affective disorders?
Use of curves in rendering fractures

Recently, physically-based models have been used to simulate fractures in solid objects. Due to the finite grid used in this type of simulation, aliasing artifacts occur at fracture edges revealing the structure of the grid. We have developed a method for identifying the fractured edges based on the specific grid structure of the model. We then use arbitrary order Bezier curves to modify the grid structure, concealing it at fracture edges. This results in a more convincing fracture edge.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Expression of mouse Abcg2 mRNA during hematopoiesis is regulated by alternative use of multiple leader exons and promoters.

ABCG2 encodes a transmembrane transporter associated with multidrug resistance in various cancer cells. ABCG2 is also highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and is down-regulated in most committed progenitors, whereas expression is sharply up-regulated during erythroid differentiation. The mechanisms for regulation of ABCG2 expression in hematopoietic cells are poorly understood. We have recently identified three novel leader exons (termed E1A, E1B, and E1C) located in the 5′-untranslated region of mouse Abcg2 mRNA by data base searches and reverse transcription-PCR. In a mouse erythroid cell line, reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that the transcript containing E1B exon was the only isoform detected. Consistently, the E1B-containing transcript was the predominant isoform of Abcg2 mRNA in primary Ter119+ erythroid cells from mouse bone marrow as well as in mouse fetal liver cells. In contrast, the E1A-containing transcript was highly expressed in c-Kit+, Sca-1+, Lin– (KSL) bone marrow cells, especially in CD34– KSL fraction, which is highly enriched for repopulating HSCs. The differential expression pattern of Abcg2 mRNA isoforms in mouse HSCs and erythroid cells was confirmed by 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, indicating that at least two different promoters control mouse Abcg2 transcription during hematopoiesis. Promoter functional assays using EGFP as reporter gene demonstrated that the E1A 5′-flanking region had promoter activity, which contains multiple putative hematopoietic transcription factor binding sites. In summary, our data show that the expression of Abcg2 during hematopoiesis is transcriptionally regulated by alternative use of multiple leader exons and promoters in a developmental stage-specific manner.
Results of Bladder Neck Reconstruction After Newborn Complete Primary Repair of Exstrophy

Purpose: We describe the results of modified Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction to achieve continence in patients who underwent complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy as newborns.Materials and Methods: Using the Johns Hopkins Exstrophy Database we identified patients who underwent bladder neck reconstruction after having undergone complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy as newborns. We determined patient characteristics and surgical outcomes.Results: A total of 30 males and 3 females were referred after complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy, of whom 26 underwent bladder neck reconstruction. Results of complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy were strongly associated with osteotomy use. Of the patients 19 (58%), including 16 males and 3 females, who underwent complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy without osteotomy had complications (dehiscence and bladder prolapse), while none of 14 male patients who underwent complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy with ost...
Development of a test to evaluate residents' knowledge of medical procedures

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Knowledge of core medical procedures is required by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) for certification. Efforts to improve the training of residents in these procedures have been limited by the absence of a validated tool for the assessment of knowledge. In this study we aimed to develop a standardized test of procedural knowledge in 3 medical procedures associated with potentially serious complications. METHODS: Placement of an arterial line, central venous catheter, and thoracentesis were selected for test development. Learning objectives and multiple-choice questions were constructed for each topic. Content evidence was evaluated by critical care subspecialists. Item test characteristics were evaluated by administering the test to students, residents and specialty clinicians. Reliability of the 32-item instrument was established through its administration to 192 medical residents in 4 hospitals. RESULTS: Reliability of the instrument as measured by Cronbach's α was 0.79 and its test-retest reliability was 0.82. Median score was 53% on a test comprising elements deemed important by critical care subspecialists. Increasing number of procedures attempted, higher self-reported confidence, and increasing seniority were predictors of overall test scores. Procedural confidence correlated significantly with increasing seniority and experience. Residents performed few procedures. CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully developed a standardized instrument to assess residents' cognitive competency for 3 common procedures. Residents' overall knowledge about procedures is poor. Experiential learning is the dominant source for knowledge improvement, but these experiences are increasingly rare. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:430–432. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation arising from ureteral endometriosis in a patient with no history of gonadal endometriosis.

Background. Malignant transformation may occur in up to 1% of women with endometriosis and only 20% of these cases occur at extragonadal pelvic sites. Similarly, urinary tract endometriosis is rare and occurs in only 1% of all endometriotic lesions. Case. An endometrioid carcinoma with squamous differentiation arising from periureteral endometriosis presented as a pelvic mass encasing the right ureter. The patient had a history of total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy 8 years earlier because of bilateral serous benign cysts with right hemorrhagic corpus luteum and uterine fibroids, and has since been under unopposed estrogen replacement therapy for 5 years. Conclusion. This is the second case of a malignancy arising in endometriosis presenting as an obstructive ureteral mass and the first case of a patient with this condition whose endometriosis is not consistent with a gonadal origin. An analysis of the case and related literature is presented together with the discussion of possible pathogenetic mechanisms.
Retrieved highly crosslinked UHMWPE acetabular liners have similar wear damage as conventional UHMWPE.

Background Highly crosslinked UHMWPE is associated with increased wear resistance in hip simulator and clinical studies. Laboratory and case studies, however, have described rim fracture in crosslinked acetabular liners. Controversy exists, therefore, on the relative merits of crosslinked liners over conventional liners in terms of wear performance versus resistance to fatigue cracking.
Curative effect of pantothenic acid on adrenal necrosis.

SummaryRats receiving only our basal ration J36 showed an hemorrhagic cortical necrosis of the adrenals after 4-6 weeks. This condition was prevented by calcium pantothenate. Choline did not prevent but rather aggravated the condition. Acid autoclaved liver extract prevented the condition, but its action may have been due to its pantothenic acid content.
Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in transport in (TMTSF)2PF6.

It has recently been suggested that the highly anisotropic organic conductor ${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}$P${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ is marginally a three-dimensional Fermi liquid which can be destabilized by a small field in the intermediate conducting b direction, ${H}_{b}$. This field would cause the interplane transport to become incoherent. We examine the 3D Fermi surface and find it coherent for ${H}_{b}=0$ and incoherent or nonexistent for small ${H}_{b}$. At similar ${H}_{b}$ the magnetoresistances become power laws in the field applied perpendicular to the conducting planes (${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{a}\ensuremath{\propto}{H}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}\ensuremath{\propto}{H}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{\frac{3}{2}}$). These are 2D, non-Fermi-liquid properties.
Public bioethics and publics: consensus, boundaries, and participation in biomedical science policy.

Public bioethics bodies are used internationally as institutions with the declared aims of facilitating societal debate and providing policy advice in certain areas of scientific inquiry raising questions of values and legitimate science. In the United States, bioethical experts in these institutions use the language of consensus building to justify and define the outcome of the enterprise. However, the implications of public bioethics at science-policy boundaries are underexamined. Political interest in such bodies continues while their influence on societal consensus, public debate, and science policy remains ambiguous. This article presents a theoretical discussion of public bioethics bodies as boundary organizations and examines them in terms of relationship to the moral and cognitive authority of science and other forms of expertise, mechanisms for public participation in controversial science policy, and the deployment of consensus models. The theoretical discussion is examined in the case of the U.S. Human Embryo Research Panel.
Examining changes in group acceptance of a newcomer from a different culture: An expectancy violation perspective

A local workgroup’s initial acceptance of a newcomer from a different culture is determined by the group members’ expectations of the newcomer that are influenced by his/her category stereotypes. I...
Evaluation of the Veterans Health Administration traumatic brain injury screening program in the upper Midwest.

Objective To evaluate the Veterans Health Administration's traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening program in terms of predictors of screening and positive-screen follow-up. Design Retrospective administrative data study. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of TBI screening at a given appointment and among those screening positive, follow-up in a TBI/polytrauma specialty clinic. Participants A total of 15,973 Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans treated at a Veterans Affairs medical center in the upper Midwest during the first 18 months of the TBI screening program. Results Almost 90% of Iraq and Afghanistan veteran patients were offered TBI screening and 17% screened positive. Screening rates increased over time and varied by facility. Appointment type predicted screening with increased likelihood of screening during primary care and TBI/polytrauma clinic appointments. Younger, male, and army veterans without psychiatric diagnoses were more likely to be screened. Fifty-two percent of positive TBI screens had subsequent appointments in a TBI/polytrauma specialty clinic during the study period. Rates of follow-up in the clinic increased over time and varied by facility and patient characteristics. Conclusions Within the upper Midwest, Veterans Health Administration has had greater success implementing TBI screening than ensuring follow-up of positive screens in a specialty clinic. Research is needed on barriers to follow-up of positive screens and the outcomes of TBI screening and subsequent specialty care.
Hematology of Single Comb White Leghorn Pullets Fed Aflatoxin-Contaminated and Ammonia-Treated Corn

Abstract Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, percent hematocrit, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin were not affected by feeding aflatoxin levels of 2.3 ppb and 500 ppb to Single Comb White Leghorn hens. Pullets fed ammoniated corn without aflatoxin and pullets fed corn containing 500 ppb aflatoxin in the finished feed had significantly reduced mean corpuscular volume.
Precise Theory of the Zeeman Spectrum for Atomic Hydrogen and Deuterium and the Lamb Shift

In this paper we give a complete and straightforward analysis of the $n=2$ Zeeman structure which is intrinsically accurate to 1 ppm for determining the Lamb shift from present experiments. This analysis takes into account the current experimental and theoretical knowledge of the atomic Hamiltonian. It is shown that the magnetic part of this Hamiltonian can be taken as that of a free electron and a free nucleus. Radiative corrections to this assumption are shown to be negligible. The total Hamiltonian can then be diagonalized in the $|F, j, l, {m}_{F}〉$ representation. Matrix representations of the Hamiltonian are given for all $n=2$ states of hydrogen and deuterium. We give theoretical predictions for the $l=1$ hyperfine intervals in hydrogen and deuterium which are accurate to 10 ppm. Values of the Lamb shift calculated from the recent Zeeman level crossings of Robiscoe and Cosens are tabulated.
Concentrations of Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin in Three Species of Puffers from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, the Location for Multiple Cases of Saxitoxin Puffer Poisoning from 2002 to 2004

Abstract In response to multiple, unexpected cases of saxitoxin poisoning that started in January 2002, southern puffers Sphoeroides nephelus, checkered puffers S. testudineus, and bandtail puffers S. spengleri were collected from April to August 2002 from several locations in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida. Fish were analyzed for saxitoxin (STX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) content in muscle, liver, and gonad tissues by means of the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method in multiple reactions monitoring mode. Spatial, species, and tissue-specific differences in toxin content and composition were found among these puffer species in the IRL. Southern puffers from the northern IRL had the highest concentrations of STX, muscle being the most contaminated tissue (1,770 ± 159 μg/100 g tissue [mean ± SD]; n = 3). Southern puffers from the Banana River and central IRL had lower amounts of STX in all tissues tested. Nearly all southern puffer tissues tested had only trace amounts...
Correcting for nonlinear effects in fracture toughness testing

Expressions for fracture toughness, which include nonlinear effects due to crack front plastic yield and possible small crack extension prior to fracture instability, are obtained for several test specimen configurations. Inclusion of such effects is based on a simple compliance type determination of the total energy rate at onset of fast fracture.
Mouse Model for Assessing Endotoxin Involvement in the Lung Inflammation and Cytokine Production Resulting from Inhaled Organic Dust

AbstractThe involvement of endotoxin in the development of acute pulmonary inflammation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release following inhalation of cotton dust was demonstrated using endotoxin-sensitive C3HeB/FeJ and endotoxin-resistant C3H/Hel mice. These mice were exposed for a maximum of 6 h to atmospheres of either 45 mg/m3 cotton dust or 2.4 μg/m3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Enterobacter agglomerans. Inflammation was assessed from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell morphology and lung histology. Release of TNF into BAL fluid was measured using a bioassay employing WEHI 13VAR cells and neutralization with rabbit anti-mouse TNF antiserum. Neutrophil influx and TNF release were maximal at 6 in C3HeB/FeJ mice following cotton dust exposure and at 3 h following LPS exposure. By 24 h after the beginning of cotton dust exposure, TNF in C3HeB/FeJ BAL was no longer detectable, whereas neutrophils were still elevated above control values. In endotoxin-resistant C3H/Hel mice, no inflammation or TNF release...
PARTIAL WAGE INDEXATION WITH REAL SHOCKS

Abstract This note analyzes wage indexation from a macroeconomic viewpoint. Its purpose is to examine when wage indexation should be partial in the presence of real shocks, and it shows how the conditions for this to be the case depend on the aggregate production function, the income velocity of money, and the labor supply.
There's More to Passing Than Knowing the Answers

To be academically successful, students must learn “how to do school”—which involves mastering both the things to be learned (academic knowledge) and the ways of learning (social knowledge). They must learn how to negotiate the school curriculum with teachers and materials. Many of the scripts for “learning do to school” are implicit. For students who are culturally/linguistically diverse and students with learning disabilities, the implicitness of how to do school presents a roadblock to their acquiring the academic content of school. To facilitate the success of students, educators and speech-language pathologists must understand not only the academic content that students are to learn, but also the context in which they are expected to learn. Using observational and interview data from an ethnographic study documenting school reform, this article describes the components of learning to do school and describes how the scripts for “doing school” changed across the grades in an elementary school with a po...
Antimicrobial Activity of Desert Plants

THE desert is an area in which less than 20 per cent of the ground surface is covered with vegetation. Although there are approximately 5,000 species of plants, less than 1 per cent of these have been investigated for antimicrobial activity1–10. This communication is concerned with the extracts prepared from the leafy portions of 25 plant specimens collected at the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens.
A spatially confined long-lived stream of solar particles

Studies of low energy electrons and ions of solar origin lead us to conclude: (1) That on one occasion in 1979 interplanetary field lines connected Earth at 2°S heliographic latitude to a solar active region situated at 16°N latitude. The width of this field line bundle was 2.5 × 106 km at 1 AU. A linear extrapolation gives a 12,000 km width at the Sun. (2) That electrons and ions were continuously injected onto this bundle of field lines but not outside it for at least 6 hours and probably more than 20 hours. We hypothesize that flare accelerated particles are trapped in a magnetic structure high in the corona and escape over periods of time on the order of one day.
Teacher reports of DSM-IV ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms in schoolchildren.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder and age, gender, and comorbidity differences between ADHD subtypes. Method Teachers completed a DSM-IV -referenced symptom inventory for 3,006 schoolchildren aged between 3 and 18 years. Results The screening prevalence rate of ADHD behaviors was 15.8%; rates for individual subtypes were 9.9% for inattentive, 2.4% for hyperactive-impulsive, and 3.6% for combined. The inattentive type was relatively uncommon in preschool children (3.9%), whereas the hyperactive-impulsive type was least common in teenagers (0.8%). Screening prevalence rates were higher for African-American (39.5%) than white (14.2%) students, but did not vary significantly ( p Conclusions The findings of this and similar studies show relatively high convergence for the prevalence of ADHD behaviors and differences between ADHD subtypes.
Investigating Stepparent-Stepchild Interactions: The Role of Communication Accommodation

This study examined the utility of communication accommodation theory (CAT) to investigate stepchildren's perceptions of communication patterns in typical interactions with their stepparents. A total of 133 stepchildren completed an online survey about their perceptions of their stepparents’ accommodative and nonaccommodative behaviors. A measure of accommodation, overaccommodation, and underaccommodation was created for this study and items were tested with factor analysis. Findings indicate support for CAT's predictions: perceptions of stepparent accommodation, underaccommodation and overaccommodation predict stepchildren's accommodative behavior in typical interactions, as well as their conversation satisfaction, relational closeness and perceptions of shared family identity with their stepparents. Further, stepchildren's perceptions of shared family identity with stepparents correlate positively with their reports of satisfaction with blended family life.
Biological and chemical degradation of tetraethyl lead in soil

Tetraethyl lead (TEL) was first introduced by General Motors as an antiknock agent in gasoline in 1923. Its analogous chemical tetramethyl lead (TML) was introduced in 1960. The two chemicals were added to gasoline either singly or as mixtures to achieve desired octane numbers. Higher levels of lead in the urban environment have been attributed to extensive use of leaded gasoline in automobiles for over 50 yrs. With the advent of more sensitive analytical techniques in the late 1970 and early 1980, alkyl lead compounds were detected in aerosol dusts, rainwater, surface water, snow, sediments, soils, fish, and leaves. Ionic trialkyl lead (Triethyl lead (TREL) and trimethyl lead (TRML)) were the major species found. With the discontinuation of the use of leaded gasoline in automobiles the levels of alkyl lead in the environment should decline. Degradation pathways of tetraalkyl lead compounds in soil are not known. However, degradation pathways for tetraalkyl lead in aqueous solutions were proposed to proceed through a series of sequential dealkylation, and eventually to inorganic lead. Microorganisms capable of degrading tetraalkyl lead, including TEL, have not been reported. However, microbial degradation could be partially responsible for the disappearance of TRML in soil. Blais reported that themore » levels of TRML in nonsterile soil were lower than that in corresponding autoclaved soil after 24 hr of incubation. This study looks at biological and chemical transformation rates of TEL to ionic organolead forms (TREL and DEL), and mineralization rates of TEL in surface and subsurface soils. [sup 14]C-labeled TEL was used so that conversion from nonionic form to ionic form could easily be determined and evolution of CO[sub 2] from the mineralization of TEL could be measured. 17 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.« less
Asymmetric Sparse Kernel Approximations for Large-Scale Visual Search

We introduce an asymmetric sparse approximate embedding optimized for fast kernel comparison operations arising in large-scale visual search. In contrast to other methods that perform an explicit approximate embedding using kernel PCA followed by a distance compression technique in Rd, which loses information at both steps, our method utilizes the implicit kernel representation directly. In addition, we empirically demonstrate that our method needs no explicit training step and can operate with a dictionary of random exemplars from the dataset. We evaluate our method on three benchmark image retrieval datasets: SIFT1M, ImageNet, and 80M-TinyImages.