cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic logic based on the acceptability of gambles

This article presents a probabilistic logic whose sentences can be interpreted as asserting the acceptability of gambles described in terms of an underlying logic. This probabilistic logic has a concrete syntax and a complete inference procedure, and it handles conditional as well as unconditional probabilities. It synthesizes Nilsson's probabilistic logic and Frisch and Haddawy's anytime inference procedure with Wilson and Moral's logic of gambles. Two distinct semantics can be used for our probabilistic logic: (1) the measure-theoretic semantics used by the prior logics already mentioned and also by the more expressive logic of Fagin, Halpern, and Meggido and (2) a behavioral semantics. Under the measure-theoretic semantics, sentences of our probabilistic logic are interpreted as assertions about a probability distribution over interpretations of the underlying logic. Under the behavioral semantics, these sentences are interpreted only as asserting the acceptability of gambles, and this suggests different directions for generalization.
SUBSIDIZED INEQUITIES: THE SPATIAL PATTERNING OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND FEDERALLY ASSISTED HOUSING

This paper examines the relationship between the location of environmental risks and federally assisted public housing (Housing and Urban Development [HUD] Section 8) in a sample of eight medium-sized United States metropolitan areas. Using four U.S. Environmental Protection Agency databases, locational and potential risk exposure surfaces were constructed for each study area using a GIS-based methodology. Families living in HUD housing had a greater risk potential from hazardous facilities based on proximity and the reported releases from them. Minority populations (defined as percentage non-White) had significantly greater locational exposure than nonminority populations in all but one metropolitan area, Albuquerque. Minority populations also had higher risk burdens than nonminority residents. The historical evolution of the patterns of social and industrial change illustrates the unique localized processes of residential and industrial development. Explanations based solely on race and income show litt...
The use of bucrylate to achieve hemostasis in tooth extraction sites.

Abstract This study was intended to evaluate the efficacy of IBC as a dressing for post-extraction sites. The results of this study show that the use of IBC provided immediate hemostasis in tooth extractions and sealed extraction sites, thereby offering some protection against possible infection without the use of gauze.
Survival Among Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and Long-Standing or Recent-Onset Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose Long-standing diabetes is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, and recent-onset diabetes in the several years before diagnosis is a consequence of subclinical pancreatic malignancy. However, the impact of diabetes on survival is largely unknown. Patients and Methods We analyzed survival by diabetes status among 1,006 patients diagnosed from 1986 to 2010 from two prospective cohort studies: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). We validated our results among 386 patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2013 from a clinic-based case series at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for death using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, diagnosis year, and cancer stage. Results In NHS and HPFS, HR for death was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.69) for patients with long-term diabetes (> 4 years) compared with those without diabetes (P < .001), with median survival times of 3 months for long-term dia...
Agreement of two metabolic syndrome definitions and their association with subclinical atherosclerosis: multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis cross sectional study.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of abnormalities that increases cardiovascular risk. Two different current clinical definitions of MetS, World Health Organization (WHO) and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel 3 (ATPIII) may differ in association with the atherosclerotic process. We quantified the agreement between the WHO and NCEP definitions and their association with subclinical atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods: We analyzed 2601 Caucasian-Americans (C), 800 Chinese-Americans (Ch), 1864 African-Americans (A), and 1483 Hispanic-Americans (H) with complete data for MetS classification from the baseline of the population-based study MESA. Coronary artery calcification (CAC, Agatston score) was quantified by electron beam or helical computed tomography (CT), and intimal-medial thickness of internal and common carotid arteries (IIMT, CIMT) by B-mode ultrasound. Results: The percentage positive agreement differed...
The stability of a helical vortex filament

The stability of a helical vortex filament of finite core and infinite extent to small sinusoidal displacements of its centre-line is considered. The influence of the entire perturbed filament on the self-induced motion of each element is taken into account. The effect of the details of the vorticity distribution within the finite vortex core on the self-induced motion due to the bending of its axis is calculated using the results obtained previously by Widnall, Bliss & Zalay (1970). In this previous work, an application of the method of matched asymptotic expansions resulted in a general solution for the self-induced motion resulting from the bending of a slender vortex filament with an arbitrary distribution of vorticity and axial velocity within the core.The results of the stability calculations presented in this paper show that the helical vortex filament has three modes of instability: a very short-wave instability which probably exists on all curved filaments, a long-wave mode which is also found to be unstable by the local-induction model and a mutual-inductance mode which appears as the pitch of the helix decreases and the neighbouring turns of the filament begin to interact strongly. Increasing the vortex core size is found to reduce the amplification rate of the long-wave instability, to increase the amplification rate of the mutual-inductance instability and to decrease the wavenumber of the short-wave instability.
Long-Run Price Elasticities and the Marshall–Lerner Condition: Evidence from Egypt–EU Commodity Trade

Currency devaluation or depreciation is said to improve a country's trade balance in the long run if the Marshall–Lerner condition is satisfied. Previous research that has attempted to provide an empirical estimate of the condition has used aggregate trade data between one country and the rest of the world or between two countries at bilateral level, and has provided mixed results. Both groups are said to suffer from aggregation bias. To address this bias, we disaggregate the trade data between two countries, Egypt and the EU, and estimate the condition at commodity level for 59 industries that trade between the two regions. The results provide support for the condition in 39 industries. Included among 39 industries are small and large, comparative advantage and disadvantage industries.
IR duality in d = 3 N = 2 supersymmetric USp (2Nc) and U(Nc) gauge theories

Abstract We suggest IR-dual descriptions for d = 3 N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories with gauge groups USp(2N2) and U(Nc) and matter in the fundamental representation. We relate this duality to the IR duality of d = 4 N = 1 SQCD theories, and in one case also to mirror symmetry.
The tachocline and the solar dynamo

The solar tachocline contains a rich variety of physics, and contributes in many ways to the workings of the solar dynamo. It includes complex quasi-equilibrium states supported by the near balances of gas and magnetic pressure gradients, gravity, magnetic curvature stresses, Coriolis and other forces. The dynamics include overshooting convection, waves of several types, hydrodynamic and MHD instabilities on several spatial and temporal scales, several types of boundary layers and dynamo action. The dynamo processes present include the in situ generation of poloidal fields by global MHD and/or magnetic buoyancy instabilities; the advection of these poloidal fields by meridional circulation; the generation of toroidal fields from shearing by the differential rotation; and storage of these fields and their subsequent eruption into the convection zone. The tachocline probably also plays a significant role in creating magnetic patterns that are seen in the photosphere. This talk will of necessity focus on a subset of these topics, including particularly global MHD instabilities and whether we can see evidence of them in surface magnetic data, meridional circulation and the boundary layers that limit it, possible jets in the tachocline, and certain solar dynamo questions. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the statistical evaluation of dose-response functions.

The linear-quadratic dependence of effect on the dose of ionizing radiation and its biophysical implications are considered. The estimation of the parameters of the response function and the derivation of the joint confidence region of the estimates are described. The method is applied to the induction of pink mutations inTradescantia which follows the linear-quadratic model. The statistical procedure is also suitable for other response functions.
Structure and conformation of the nitroxyl spin-label ethyl 3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolinyl-1-oxyl)-propen-2-oate determined by electron nuclear double resonance: Comparison with the structure of a spin-label substrate of carboxypeptidase A

The conformation of the nitroxyl spin-label ethyl 3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolinyl-1-oxyl)-propen-2-oate has been determined by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy and computer-based molecular modeling. From ENDOR spectra of the compound in frozen solution, we have assigned resonance absorption features for each class of protons, and we have identified their principal hyperfine coupling (hfc) components from analysis of the dependence of ENDOR spectra on the static laboratory magnetic field. The dipolar hfc components yielded estimates of the electron-proton separations for each class of protons of the ethyl propenoyl moiety. Torsion angle search calculations were carried out to determine the conformational space compatible with hard-sphere nonbonded constraints and with the ENDOR-determined distance constraints. Molecular graphics analysis revealed that the propenoyl side chain of the spin-label exhibits an extended trans conformation and that the ethyl moiety of the ester group deviates significantly from coplanarity with the carboxylate--COO--atoms. The conformation of this molecule is compared with that of an analogous compound O-[3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolinyl-1-oxyl)-propen-2-oyl]-L- beta- phenyllactate, which has been employed as a spectroscopic substrate probe of carboxypeptidase A (L. C. Kuo, J. M. Fukuyama, and M. W. Makinen (1983) Journal of Molecular Biology 163, 63-105). The rotamer conformation of the free spin-label ester in solution, as determined in this study, and that of the enzyme-bound spin-labeled phenyllactate are compared. Differences in rotamer structure are discussed in terms of stereoelectronic principles that govern the pathway of substrate hydrolysis catalyzed by carboxypeptidase A.
Asymmetric [4+2] cycloadditions employing 1,3-dienes derived from (R)-4-t-butyldimethyl-silyloxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one

1,3-Dienes derived from (R)-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one react with activated dienophiles to form predominately (or sometimes exclusively) syn/endo products. These controlled [4+2] cycloadditions increase the asymmetric complexity from one asymmetric center in the starting material to five asymmetric centers in the products in a single step, and provide a powerful approach for the asymmetric synthesis of compounds containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]octanone carbon skeleton.
Characterization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens DNA ligases C and D

Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes a single NAD+-dependent DNA ligase and six putative ATP-dependent ligases. Two of the ligases are homologs of LigD, a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes end-healing and end-sealing steps during nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Agrobacterium LigD1 and AtuLigD2 are composed of a central ligase domain fused to a C-terminal polymerase-like (POL) domain and an N-terminal 3′-phosphoesterase (PE) module. Both LigD proteins seal DNA nicks, albeit inefficiently. The LigD2 POL domain adds ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides to a DNA primer-template, with rNTPs being the preferred substrates. The LigD1 POL domain has no detectable polymerase activity. The PE domains catalyze metal-dependent phosphodiesterase and phosphomonoesterase reactions at a primer-template with a 3′-terminal diribonucleotide to yield a primer-template with a monoribonucleotide 3′-OH end. The PE domains also have a 3′-phosphatase activity on an all-DNA primer-template that yields a 3′-OH DNA end. Agrobacterium ligases C2 and C3 are composed of a minimal ligase core domain, analogous to Mycobacterium LigC (another NHEJ ligase), and they display feeble nick-sealing activity. Ligation at DNA double-strand breaks in vitro by LigD2, LigC2 and LigC3 is stimulated by bacterial Ku, consistent with their proposed function in NHEJ.
Effects of dynamic exercise on subcutaneous oxygen tension and temperature

Exercise influences blood flow distribution and may thereby influence tissue oxygen. Given that experimental evidence suggests exercise improves wound healing, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of exercise on subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension (PscO2). Subjects performed a treadmill test to maximum oxygen consumption (VO2) while PscO2 and subcutaneous temperature (Tsc) were measured using a tonometer and optode/thermocouple system. There were no significant differences in PscO2 between measurement points. Mean Tsc had increased 4.8% at maximum VO2, and 6.3% as the cool-down period ended and differed significantly across the exercise period. Changes in PscO2 and Tsc were not correlated. Oxygen availability was neither enhanced nor significantly reduced by exercise. However, PscO2 did not increase as expected in relation to increases in Tsc. Further study will determine the purported beneficial effects of exercise and the mechanism by which it may affect wound healing. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Working conditions in urban schools

The recent wave of reform reports in education promulgated a wide variety of recommendations to address identified concerns. This research explores an issue mostly ignored by the reform reports, the working conditions teachers face. Utilizing ethnographic techniques and multisite analyses of in-depth case studies of six schools in two large urban areas, the authors identify five broad categories of stressors in the work environment, including governance/leadership, budget cuts, security, staff relations, and student issues. In addition, two major themes characterizing working conditions for teachers are specified, the no respect syndrome and barriers to teaching. The need to address these issues before attempting to implement the major reforms in the national reports is highlighted.
Ultrastructures for one- or two-dimensional confinement in compound semiconductors

Abstract We present and discuss the structural analysis of two-dimensional ultrastructures composed of tilted superlattices and quantum wire superlattices. We show that transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows us to draw conclusions about the kinetics of crystal growth and to assign atomic positions of deposited species on a vicinal surface.
An Analytic Method for Capacitance Extraction of Asymmetric Vias

This paper considers the problem of via-plane capacitance extraction for power and signal integrity analysis of printed circuit boards and electronic packages. The recently proposed full-wave method is extended to handle asymmetric antipads by judiciously selecting the integration domain of the magnetic field in the parallel-plate cavity. Numerical results demonstrate its agreement with the capacitance obtained from the quasi-static method.
On the Design of Underwater Acoustic Cellular Systems

The design of a cellular underwater network is addressed from the viewpoint of determining the cell size and the frequency reuse pattern needed to support a desired number of users operating over a given area within a given system bandwidth. By taking into account the basic laws of underwater acoustic propagation, it is shown that unlike in the terrestrial radio systems, both the cell radius R and the frequency reuse number N must satisfy a set of constraints in order to constitute an admissible solution (which sometimes may not exist). The region of admissible (R, N) defines the possible network topologies. It is determined by the user density and the system bandwidth (rho, B), and by the required signal-to-interference ratio and per-user bandwidth (SIRo, Wo). The range of admissible solutions also depends on the choice of operating frequency region. Moving to a higher frequency region than that dictated by SNR maximization, improves the SIR and yields a greater system capacity.
Advancing our understanding of osteocyte cell biology

Osteocytes were the forgotten bone cell until the bone community could become convinced that these cells do serve an important role in bone function and maintenance. In this review we trace the history of osteocyte characterization and present some of the major observations that are leading to the conclusion that these cells are not passive placeholders residing in the bone matrix, but are indeed, major orchestrators of bone remodeling.
A quick guide to total quality management

TQM is not the endall of management; it is a tool for gaining measurable improvement in your organization. T otal Quality Management (TQM) is a philosophy, an attitude of the mind, and a journey-not a destination. It is supposed to help in winning customer confidence and in securing long-term profitability. Customers demand good quality, reasonable prices, and flexible delivery schedules. TQM means building quality into everything in every area-design, production, purchasing, vendor relations, inspection, service after sales, market research, development, financial controls, personnel rewards, training, and education. A company must first improve quality; only then should it look into cost, volume, and productivity. The improvement in price, performance, and services follows automatically.
Mean Flow Features Around the Inline Wheels of Four-Wheel Landing Gear

Landing gear are noted to be a signie cant, sometimes dominant, airframe noise source for commercial aircraft. Aerodynamicnoiseis a directresultofthee uctuating e owand its interaction with surfacecomponents. Knowledge of the mean e ow, however, can be used to aid in the determination of noise sources. The complex geometry of multiple-wheel-set landing gear has thus far precluded even this basic information. In this study the mean e owe eld is determined in a streamwise plane surrounding the inline wheels of a generic four-wheel landing-gear cone guration using digital particle image velocimetry. The velocity and vorticity e elds highlight a vortex that persists between the wheels on the ground side of the axle midplane. The formation of this vortex is believed to resultfrom thegeometricasymmetry caused by the presenceofthecentersupportstrut.Evidenceis also presented that shows the vortex does not remain stationary, but oscillates between the fore and aft wheels. Its position is hypothesized to dependon thestateofan unstablevorticity layerthatdevelopson theground sideoftheforewheel.
Mindfulness Skills and Emotion Regulation: the Mediating Role of Coping Self-Efficacy

We examined coping self-efficacy as one potential mediator of the relationship between four specific mindfulness skills (observing, describing, acting with awareness, and accepting without judgment) and emotion regulation difficulties. Participants were 180 undergraduate students (Mage = 21.13; 71 % female; 82 % Caucasian) who completed self-report measures for course credit. Pearson correlations, independent samples t test, and ANOVAs were used to examine bivariate relationships between study variables. Simple mediation was examined in a path analysis framework by testing the indirect effect of mindfulness skills on emotion regulation difficulties through coping self-efficacy. Results indicated that a greater use of describing, acting with awareness, and accepting without judgment were associated with greater coping self-efficacy, and coping self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between each of those skills and emotion regulation difficulties (indirect effects: b weight = −0.26 to −0.29, p < 0.01). The mindfulness skill of observing was not related to coping self-efficacy or emotion regulation difficulties. Findings suggest that coping self-efficacy partially explains the relationships between mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties. Clinicians administering mindfulness-based interventions should be aware of the role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between mindfulness and emotion regulation.
3-D random packing of polydisperse particles and concrete aggregate grading

Abstract A new computer simulation method is presented in this paper for random packing of particles with variable sizes in the 3-D space. This method consists of two steps of simulation: kinematics and dynamics simulations. The kinematics simulation uses a 3-D cellular registration system for efficient particle deposition. The dynamics simulation models further packing of the matrix of particles using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The numerical model can include a large numbers of particles in the matrix for packing. A number of important details omitted in previously proposed models now can be included to increase the fidelity, allowing one to consider random sizes and the 3-D locations of particles. Application examples show that this approach is effective, compared with physical experiment results. Its application to aggregate grading for Portland cement concrete is also presented here.
Identity and transfer of male reproductive gland proteins of the dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti: potential tools for control of female feeding and reproduction

Male reproductive gland proteins (mRGPs) impact the physiology and/or behavior of mated females in a broad range of organisms. We sought to identify mRGPs of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses. Earlier studies with Ae. aegypti demonstrated that "matrone" (a partially purified male reproductive accessory gland substance) or male accessory gland fluid injected into virgin female Ae. aegypti affect female sexual refractoriness, blood feeding and digestion, flight, ovarian development, and oviposition. Using bioinformatic comparisons to Drosophila melanogaster accessory gland proteins and mass spectrometry of proteins from Ae. aegypti male accessory glands and ejaculatory ducts (AG/ED) and female reproductive tracts, we identified 63 new putative Ae. aegypti mRGPs. Twenty-one of these proteins were found in the reproductive tract of mated females but not of virgin females suggesting that they are transferred from males to females during mating. Most of the putative mRGPs fall into the same protein classes as mRGPs in other organisms, although some appear to be evolving rapidly and lack identifiable homologs in Culex pipiens, Anopheles gambiae, and D. melanogaster. Our results identify candidate male-derived molecules that may have an important influence on behavior, survival, and reproduction of female mosquitoes.
Luminescence-based assessment of thermodynamic constants for electrostatic binding of non-luminescent dyes and atomic ions to colloidal semiconductor surfaces

Steady-state and time-resolved luminescence experiments were employed to study the electrostatic interaction of cationic photosensitizers and negatively charged colloidal semiconductor particles. Electrostatic adsorption of efficient photosensitizers on semiconductor surfaces is known to quench the photosensitizers’ luminescence. By monitoring the quenching, either directly or competitively, thermodynamic constants for binding of both luminescent and non-luminescent ruthenium and osmium complexes to negatively charged SnO2 particle have been determined. The function of atomic cations, such as Li + ,N a + and K + , in controlling the binding of cationic dyes to colloidal SnO2 has also been studied via competitive luminescence. From the study, semiconductor surface binding constants for these species have also been determined. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A Case of Acute Kidney Cortex Necrosis Caused by Tranexamic-Acid

Kidney cortex necrosis is a relatively rare cause of acute kidney injury and is characterized by complete or partial destruction of the renal cortex, but sparing of the medulla. Tranexamic acid has antifibrinolytic activity and is used to reduce bleeding. We report a rare case of kidney cortex necrosis caused by tranexamic acid. A 49-year-old woman complained of coughing up blood-tinged sputum. She had a history of bronchiectasis and was treated with tranexamic acid for 3 days. Four days after admission, she developed anuria and azotemia. Computerized tomography showed enhancement of the renal medulla, but not the bilateral renal cortex. The patient was treated with hemodialysis, and has since been maintained on hemodialysis for 6 months. Due to the development of kidney cortex necrosis in patients treated with tranexamic acid, all its potential complications should be considered. (Korean J Med 2012;82:503-506)
High-Resolution Optical Telescope For Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Field

Design techniques are discussed for all-reflecting optics from first-order system considerations and applications currently utilized in the field of astronomical optics. The solution of the Dall-Karkham design problem is described, showing the advantage of inexpensive construction as compared with higher order surfaces. The design process reported here is a F/5 collecting system which quickly mates directly with the spectrometer; it is capable of achieving desired high resolution and sensitivity requirements. The theoretical limit of aberration tolerances is achieved with less than 1/8 of a wavelength at final focus (OPD). The design of spectrometer for ultra-violet (UV) radiation and its mechanism is included in this study.
Radiometric calibration of an airborne chemical imager

Advances made over the past decade in multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems, have led to a wide range of new remove sensing capabilities, including the ability to detect and image chemical vapors in the atmosphere. This sensor has application in the detection and monitoring of chemical weapons, as well as environmental pollution monitoring. Key to the continuing development of this technology is accurate and temporally stable radiometric calibration. This paper presents an overview of the system level radiometric calibration approach used for the SAFEGUARD multispectral infrared line scanner. This approach includes radiometric calibration of the sensor at the aperture, corrections for atmospheric effects and group truth validation.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Somatic ribosomal changes induced by long-term potentiation of the perforant path-hippocampal CA1 synapses

The present study quantified ribosomes, as an ultrastructural marker of neuronal protein synthesis, following long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region in vitro. Sixty min after LTP-inducing, high-frequency stimulation of the perforant path, the total number of ribosomes, the number of polysomes, and the number of membrane-bound ribosomes increased significantly. These increases are a postsynaptic morphological correlate consistent with enhanced protein synthesis following the induction of LTP in the perforant path-CA1 system.
Hematologic disorders in 13 patients with acquired trisomy 21 and 13 individuals with Down syndrome

To study the role of trisomy 21 in hematologic malignancies, we investigated the hematologic disorders of 13 patients with acquired trisomy 21 and 13 individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The most common hematologic malignancy among the patients with acquired trisomy 21 involved both granulocytic and monocytic lineages. By comparison, the hematologic disorders among the DS patients were predominantly acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute megakaryocytic leukemia. Although our sample was small, our results suggest that most patients with acquired trisomy 21 have different hematologic disorders than individuals with DS. Perhaps the role of trisomy 21 in the development of hematologic malignancy is different in constitutional trisomy 21 than it is in acquired trisomy 21.
Modern eolian dust deposition in central Asia

Glaciers around the globe provide a unique medium for investigating the temporal and spatial variation of dust deposition. Here we investigate the spatial and seasonal distribution of eolian dust deposition in central Asia through the analysis of concentrations and size distributions of insoluble particles (over the size range 1–22 μ m diameter) in snow and ice samples collected from eight glaciers in the mountains of central Asia. The sample locations cover a wide geographical area and fall within 4 distinct landscape/climate zones: the southern slopes of the eastern Himalaya; the Karakoram; south eastern Tibetan Plateau; northern/western Tibetan Plateau. Snow samples from each of the 4 landscape/climatic zone displays distinct dust deposition characteristics which are dependent upon the physiographic location of the sampling site with respect to source regions of dust and atmospheric transport pathways. The southern slopes of the eastern Himalaya show very low particle concentrations and low annual dust deposition. This region is relatively free from the influence of Asian dust. The Karakoram appears to be a major sink for particles less than 2 μ m in diameter which have been transported long distances with the westerly jet stream. Glaciers in the south eastern Tibetan Plateau record the influx of dust generated in the arid and semi-arid regions to the west. Glaciers on the northern and western margin of the Tibetan Plateau lie adjacent to vast arid and semi-arid regions of western China and provide dust depostion records mainly of local significance. Our results suggest that high elevation glaciers in the eastern′ Himalaya, Karakoram and the south eastern Tibetan Plateau are those most likely to provide longer term dust deposition records which reflect regional to hemispheric signals. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1994.t01-2-00005.x
Intrahepatic portal cavernoma as an indication for liver transplantation

Cavernous transformation of the portal vein (portal cavernoma) consists of a periportal or/and intrahepatic venous collateral network, developed as a result of acute or long-standing portal vein thrombosis. Better control of hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications in the patients with portal cavernoma substantially improves their life span and the clinical outcome. However, biliary complications that occur in the late stages of this disease have been recently recognized as challenging management issues because they recur and are difficult to treat. Because of the relatively small number of the patients with cholangiopathy due to portal cavernoma, there is no current standardized treatment approach. We report the case of a predominantly intrahepatic portal cavernoma occurring in a patient with chronic idiopathic portal vein thrombosis, which led to severe cholangiopathy that mimicked primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma, was unresponsive to endoscopic stent placement, and finally required liver transplantation.
On the equivalence of maximum principle open-loop controllers and Carathéodory feedback controllers for time-delay systems

The optimal feedback gain matrix derived from the maximum principle for linear time-delay systems with quadratic cost satisfies an integral equation. On the other hand, if the extended Caratheodory lemma is used to solve the same problem, the optimal feedback gains satisfy a set of partial differential equations. It is shown that the resulting feedback gains are equivalent.
Activation and Maturation of Human Dendritic Cells by Extracellular Tax Protein of HTLV-1

HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is characterized by the generation of an intense cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response directed against oncoprotein Tax. Previous studies have suggested that Tax may be available for immune recognition by dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we have shown that purified Tax protein efficiently bound and localized to the cell membrane of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) and was internalized within a few hours. After uptake, Taxinduced expression of DC activation markers MHC class I and II, and costimulatory molecules as well as the DC maturation marker, CD83. Tax has also promoted the production of major immune-directing cytokines IL-12, TNF-α, and proinflammatory chemokines MIP-1α, MIP1β, and RANTES. The inhibitors of NF-κB have abrogated Tax-induced secretion of cytokines/chemokines indicating a role for NF-κB signaling in Tax-mediated immune response. Finally, Tax enhanced the allogenic and antigenspecific T cell proliferation capability of MDDCs. These results have indicated that extracellular Tax may selectively target MDDCs, be taken up by these cells and promote their maturation and antigen-presenting functions, driving a Th1-type immune response. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the DC and high-frequency characteristics of the negative differential resistance in pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs MODFET's

The authors investigated the negative differential resistance (NDR) in the I-V characteristics of pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs modulation doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) with gate lengths of 0.3 mu m. They experimentally verified the existence of abrupt multiple NDR in both the input circuit and the output circuit. The NDR occurs over a short range of drain voltage (less than 200 mV) and gate voltage (less than 5 mV) for NDR induced by thermionic emission. The authors provide a general interpretation of the measured DC results based on tunneling real-space transfer (TRST) which occurs because of the formation of hybrid excited states across the InGaAs channel and AlGaAs donor layer. The existence of stable reflection is verified in both the input and output circuits with stable broadband frequency response in the output circuit to at least 49 GHz. These results show that NDR via TRST in pseudomorphic MODFETs can provide wideband frequency response not limited by the electron transit time from source to drain. >
Seismic Wave Slowness‐Vector Estimation From Broad‐Band Array Data

SUMMARY In this paper, a new procedure, called the coherent-signal-subspace method (CSS), for broad-band multiple-signal detection and slowness-vector estimation is discussed and applied to a surface seismographic array. the major improvements in estimation accuracy and resolution given by the CSS method, which was developed in the fields of radar and sonar, result from the use of extended-frequency components within the data bandwidth and a high-resolution algorithm. the former is made possible through a frequency focusing transformation that for each frequency component corrects for the phase-delay difference between that frequency and a reference frequency ωo. the result is the condensation of a broad frequency band into a narrow band at ωo. the high resolution algorithm used in the CSS method is the MUSIC (multiple signal characterization; Schmidt 1986) algorithm, which is based on the eigen property of the data cross-covariance matrix that the signal phase-delay vectors lie within the subspace spanned by the signal eigenvectors. the frequency transformation improves the singularity of the estimated cross-covariance matrix and the accuracy of the estimated signal eigenvectors at ωo, which are often serious problems in seismic array analysis. Combination of these two features in CSS ensures a superior array performance over the widely used beam steering and minimum-variance (Capon 1969) methods. Approximate methods to estimate the mean and variance of the estimated slowness vector are also presented in this paper. the estimation biases introduced by deterministic arrival-time deviations of array data from a plane wavefront are derived for the single signal case. It is shown that, in the case of a single signal, significant reduction in the estimation bias may be achieved if a large enough reference frequency is used in the CSS method. Finally, with observed and synthetic ground motions, tests are performed to illustrate the utility of CSS in resolving two closely separated signals. In both cases, CSS successfully resolved two separate peaks at almost the correct slowness vectors, while the conventional beam steering and minimum variance estimation methods either failed to resolve the two signals or gave an incorrect slowness estimate.
THE SUMMER STANDING CROP OF SUBLITTORAL AND PROFUNDAL BENTHOS IN LAKE ITASCA, MINNESOTA1

Lake Itasca, Minnesota, is cutrophic with a clinograclc oxygen profile. The profundal and sublittoral bottom fauna is dominated by Chironomus plumosus and Chnohorzls punctipennis. ProcZ~~tlius sp. and Pdpomyia sp. are next in abundance. Pisidit~m and oligochactcs, cspccially, arc rare. From 27 Ekman dredge samples taken from depths of 5.5-10.2 m in the north arm during the period 10-22 July 1964, a total macrobenthic fauna of 16,165,30O/ha in the sublittoral zone and 14,843,57O/ha in the profundal zone was cstimatcd. The total formalin weights were 418.8 kg/ha and 265.3 kg/ha in the sublittoral and profundal zones, respcctivcly; for the entire area sampled this amounted to 300.3 kg/ha. The peak of the biomass was 56.7.5 kg/ha at the sublittoral-profundal boundary. Over 90% of the weight was contributed by C. plumosus. Lnkc Itasca may bc the third richest lake in the United States in benthic standing crop.
Influence of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and DNA-Methyltransferase Inhibitors on the NK Cell-Mediated Lysis of Pediatric B-Lineage Leukemia.

Epigenetic drugs like histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have been shown to be effective against a variety of tumor entities. Among different molecular anticancer activities of epigenetic active substances, up-regulation of NK cell ligands was described to contribute to an enhanced NK cell-mediated killing of tumor cell lines. So far, no data is available on this effect in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We investigated the effect of two HDACi (vorinostat, VPA) and two DNMTi (azacytidine, decitabine) on the viability, expression of NK ligands and NK-susceptibility of the pre-B-cell-ALL cell line MHH-CALL-4. Whereas vorinostat, azacytidine and decitabine directly reduced viability of the cell line, VPA had no direct cytotoxic effect. NKG2D ligands were expressed only at very low levels and not affected by epigenetic treatment. Higher expression was found for the DNAM1 ligands with significant up regulation of CD112 after treatment with VPA (p=0.02). No significant increase in lysis mediated by resting NK cells could be observed, whereas incubation of target cells with decitabine resulted in a significant increase in lysis mediated by IL-2 activated NK cells (p=0.0051, p=0.06 for azacytidine). Vorinostat and VPA could increase the lysis by expanded NK cells which was statistically not significant due to high inter-individual variability. Furthermore, HDACi but not DNMTi reduced the NK mediated lysis of MHH-CALL-4 after incubation of effector cells. In conclusion, there is a synergistic effect between epigenetic drugs and NK cells against MHH-CALL-4 which is not as strong as in other tumor entities. In situations where NK mediated control of leukemia is assumed or wanted, a sophisticated combination of single epigenetic drugs and ex vivo expanded NK cells is needed to maximize the synergistic effect of both treatment strategies and DNMTIs may be preferred based on the direct inhibitory effect of HDACi on NK cell cytotoxicity.
Intermediate ferroelectric orthorhombic and monoclinic M{sub B} phases in [110] electric-field-cooled Pb(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3}-30%PbTiO{sub 3} crystals

Structural phase transformations of [110] electric-field-cooled Pb(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3}-30%PbTiO{sub 3} (PMN-30%PT) crystals have been performed by x-ray diffraction. A phase sequence of cubic (C){yields} tetragonal (T){yields} orthorhombic (O){yields} monoclinic (M{sub B}) was found on field cooling (FC); and a rhombohedral (R){yields}M{sub B}{yields}O sequence was observed with increasing field, beginning from the zero-field-cooled condition at room temperature. The application of the [110] electric field induced a dramatic change in the phase sequence in the FC condition, compared to the corresponding data for PMN-30%PT crystals in a [001] field, which shows that the phase sequence in the FC condition is altered by the crystallographic direction along which a modest electric field (E) is applied. Only when E is applied along [110] are intermediate O and M{sub B} phases observed.
Effect of Sulfur Amino Acid Level and Source on the Performance of Chicks Fed High Levels of Copper

Abstract Experiments were conducted with a soy-protein semipurified diet to determine if the sulfur amino acid (SAA) need of a typical broiler-type bird (Hubbard × White Mountain) was different from that of the lighter, slower-growing bird (New Hampshire × Columbian) routinely used in our laboratory. With no supplemental copper, both breeds required .55% SAA. However, the gain response to supplemental methionine in the presence of 500 mg/kg copper was greater for the heavy than for the light breed of chicks. Therefore, the heavy breed was employed in a subsequent experiment which was designed to assess the SAA requirement of chicks fed 0, 250, and 500 mg/kg copper. Chicks fed diets without supplemental copper required .59% SAA. Chicks fed diets containing 250 and 500 mg/kg copper required .64 and .77% SAA, respectively. Copper addition also resulted in erosion of and copper deposition in the gizzard lining. Although methionine addition slightly reduced the level of copper in gizzard linings, it failed to improve the severity of erosion. Copper concentration in the liver of chicks fed 250 mg/kg was reduced by about one-half when the SAA level exceeded the requirement for optimal gain. No large excess of SAA was fed in the presence of 500 mg/kg copper, and thus a similar effect on liver copper was not observed. The growth depression caused by penicillamine addition to an SAA-adequate diet was markedly improved with copper addition. The results suggest that excess copper reduces the availability of sulfur compounds containing free SH groups, thus resulting in a growth depression when cysteine availability is reduced and a growth improvement when penicillamine toxicity is lowered.
Derived PDF of maximum likelihood signal estimator which employs an estimated noise covariance

A probability density function (PDF) for the maximum likelihood (ML) signal vector estimator is derived when the estimator relies on a noise sample covariance matrix (SCM) for evaluation. By using a complex Wishart probabilistic model for the distribution of the SCM, it is shown that the PDF of the adaptive ML (AML) signal estimator (alias the SCM based minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer output and, more generally, the SCM based linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer output) is, in general, the confluent hypergeometric function of a complex matrix argument known as Kummer's function. The AML signal estimator remains unbiased but only asymptotically efficient; moreover, the AML signal estimator converges in distribution to the ML signal estimator (known noise covariance). When the sample size of the estimated noise covariance matrix is fixed, it is demonstrated that there exists a dynamic tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and noise adaptivity as the dimensionality of the array data (number of adaptive degrees of freedom) is varied, suggesting the existence of an optimal array data dimension that will yield the best performance.
Performing data flow analysis in parallel

The authors have designed a family of parallel dataflow analysis algorithms for execution on a message-passing MIMD (multiple instruction multiple data) architecture, based on general purpose, hybrid dataflow analysis algorithms. They have exploited the natural task partitioning of the hybrid algorithms and have explored a static mapping-dynamic scheduling strategy. Alternative mapping-scheduling choices and refinements of the flow graph condensation utilized are discussed. This parallel hybrid algorithm family is illustrated on the reaching definitions problem, although parallel algorithms also exist for many interprocedural (e.g., aliasing) and intraprocedural (e.g., available expressions) problems. >
An Initial Test of a Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages:

Esteem support is a form of social support that is provided to others with the intent of enhancing how they feel about themselves. This article outlines and assesses empirically a cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM), which identifies (a) dimensions along which esteem support messages can be scaled, (b) mechanisms through which sophisticated esteem support messages should have their effects, and (c) outcomes that should be generated by messages that vary in quality. The merits of this theoretical model are evaluated in a study (N = 506) examining esteem support messages for three types of esteem threat: failure, rejection, and transgression. Many of the theory’s tenets are supported by the study’s results.
Induction of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen by the Lytic Transactivator RTA: a Novel Mechanism for Establishment of Latency

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent contributing to development of Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman desease. Following primary infection, latency is typically established. However, the mechanism by which KSHV establishes latency is not understood. We have reported that the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) can repress RTA (for replication and transcription activator) expression by down-regulating its promoter. In this study, we show that RTA is associated with the virion particle. We also show that RTA can activate the LANA promoter and induce LANA expression in transient reporter assays. Additionally, the transcription of RTA correlates with LANA expression in the early stages of de novo infection of KSHV, and induction of LANA transcription is responsive to induction of RTA with an inducible system. This induction in LANA transcription was dependent on recombination signal sequence binding protein J (RBP-J), as a RBP-J-deficient cell line was significantly delayed and inefficient in LANA transcription with expression of RTA. These studies suggest that RTA contributes to establishment of KSHV latency by activating LANA expression in the early stages of infection by utilizing the major effector of the Notch signaling pathway RBP-J. This describes a feedback mechanism by which LANA and RTA can regulate each other and is likely to be a key event in the establishment of KSHV latency.