cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute Plasmodium chabaudi Infection Dampens Humoral Responses to a Secondary T-Dependent Antigen but Enhances Responses to a Secondary T-Independent Antigen

High rates of coinfection occur in malaria endemic regions, leading to more severe disease outcomes. Understanding how coinfecting pathogens influence the immune system is important in the development of treatment strategies that reduce morbidity and mortality. Using the Plasmodium chabaudi mouse model of malaria and immunization with model Ags that are either T-dependent (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl [NP]-OVA) or T-independent (NP-Ficoll), we analyzed the effects of acute malaria on the development of humoral immunity to secondary Ags. Total Ig and IgG1 NP–specific Ab responses to NP-OVA were significantly decreased in the P. chabaudi –infected group compared with the uninfected group, whereas NP-specific IgG2c Ab was significantly increased in the P. chabaudi –infected group. In contrast, following injection with T-independent NP-Ficoll, the P. chabaudi –infected group had significantly increased NP-specific total Ig, IgM, and IgG2c Ab titers compared with controls. Treatment with anti–IFN-γ led to an abrogation of the NP-specific IgG2c Ab induced by P. chabaudi infection but did not affect other NP-specific Ab isotypes or titers. IFN-γ depletion also increased the percentage of plasma cells in both P. chabaudi –infected and uninfected groups but decreased the percentage of B cells with a germinal center (GC) phenotype. Using immunofluorescent microscopy, we were able to detect NP + GCs in the spleens of noninfected mice, but there were no detectible NP + GCs in mice infected with P. chabaudi . These data suggest that during P. chabaudi infection, there is a shift toward an extrafollicular Ab response that could be responsible for decreased Ab responses to secondary T-dependent Ags.
Lane finding using homogeneous groups of cooperating autonomous vehicles

This paper describes the problem of finding a clear lane through a potentially mined region. Using a group of cooperating AUVs, we propose several solutions and compare their advantages and disadvantages. The goal is to find straight paths clear of obstacles from one edge of a rectangular search area to the other. Homogeneous robots are used to find paths clear of all obstacles. The number of robots, their communications abilities and their sensory abilities are varied. The interleaved method shows the effectiveness of a team of interleaved robots working their way across the region. In this approach, the robots start in neighboring swaths and as they find blocked swaths (blocked by either a mine or-an obstacle) they break off and move to a new swath. This approach uses the least shared information and results in long search times that decrease predictably with the number of robots used and with the width of the sensor swath. The regional method takes a different approach, where each robot is assigned a single territory within the search area. There is little cooperation between robots; one robot would only change its path if information from its neighbor indicates the possible presence of a clear lane in a new area within its region. Search times using this approach tend to be long, and cooperation rarely shortens the search time. Preliminary results show that this cooperative approach can substantially increase the time necessary to survey the region if there are partial lanes at region boundaries. However, the regional simulation also shows a substantial decrease in the amount of time it takes to determine whether or not clear lanes are possible, compared to the interleaved approach. In the hybrid method the search area is divided into smaller regions, defined as a specific number of swaths. The robots are initially assigned to neighboring regions, and as a region is invalidated or completed, the affected robot would move to the next unassigned region. This approach forms a bridge, with the interleaved approach at one extreme (one swath per region) and the regional approach at the other (total number of swaths/number of robots per region). All three approaches were simulated in ALWSE MATLAB. The hybrid approach was also implemented in autonomous ground vehicles as a physical simulation before implementation in target (amphibious) hardware.
The Panalba Role-Playing Case

The Panalba Role Playing Case was designed to get participants to examine their behavior in a situation where their role can lead them to act in a socially irresponsible manner. A description of the case is provided along with instructions to the administrator. Much research has been done on this case, allowing subjects to compare their behavior with that of previous subjects.
Effect of pharmacologic autonomic blockade on ventriculoatrial conduction.

Abstract To determine the influence of autonomic tone on retrograde ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction, incre mental atrial and ventricular pacing was performed before and after pharmacologic autonomic blockade in 28 patients. VA conduction during ventricular pacing was demonstrated, with highest frequency in patients capable of 1:1 atrioventrlcular (AV) conduction at atrial paced cycle lengths of 300 ms or less (7 of 7, 100%). In subjects with 1:1 AV conduction at minimum cycle lengths of 300 to 500 ms, 14 of 21 (67%) demonstrated VA conduction in the control state; however, only 12 of 21 (57%) did so after autonomic blockade. The lowest frequency was observed in those capable of 1:1 AV conduction at minimum cycle lengths of 505 ms or more before and after autonomic blockade (2 of 7, [29%], p
Near void free hybrid no-flow underfill flip chip process technology

This paper presents a systematic development of optimal no flow process underfill parameters compatible with four commercially available fluxing underfills. A novel hybrid process was developed that combines a capillary flow dynamic with no-flow fluxing underfills. The impact of the dispensing pattern on void formation is determined. Experiments are conducted to investigate the dispense pattern, placement speed and the impact of the placement process on interconnect yield further investigating the dispense pattern, placement force, and dwell time. A dispensed line pattern location and chip placement study is conducted to determine how voiding is affected by the position of the dispensed line in relation to the side of the die. The results of these experimental studies are used to select an optimal placement process for the materials. Reflow profile parameters are investigated using a parametric approach. The results of these initial studies are used to choose an optimal process for the materials. Test boards are assembled according to the optimal process for each material, and air to air thermal cycle, AATC, thermal cycling test is performed to qualify the assemblies. The newly developed edge patterned hybrid no-flow process has resulted in near void-free assemblies capable of passing 2000 cycles without an electrical failure for the -40 to 125/spl deg/C AATC reliability test.
Prospects of and Requirements for Nuclear Power as a Contributor Toward Managing Greenhouse Gases

The world’s population, energy demand, and rate of carbon emissions are increasing. Even modest growth rates present significant challenges to existing and developing technologies for reducing carbon and greenhouse gas emissions while meeting growing energy demands. Nuclear power is currently the most developed alternative to fossil fuel combustion and is one of the options for meeting these challenges. However, there are significant technical, economic and institutional barriers inhibiting growth of nuclear capacity in the U.S. and slowing the rate of implementation worldwide. In the near-term, the major barriers to nuclear power, especially in the U.S., appear to be economic and institutional. Risks such as safety, waste management and proliferation are within reasonably acceptable limits at the current installed capacity. Future growth of nuclear power, however, may well hinge on continuous evolutionary and perhaps revolutionary improvements in safety and fuel cycle management so that the overall risk of nuclear power, aggregated over the entire installed capacity, remains at or below today’s risks. This is a challenge that both U.S. industry and the government must step up to with a well-focused R&D program.
Prescribed Fire, Grazing, and Herbaceous Plant Production in Shortgrass Steppe

We examined the independent and combined effects of prescribed fire and livestock grazing on herbaceous plant production in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado in the North American Great Plains. Burning was implemented in March, before the onset of the growing season. During the first postburn growing season, burning had no influence on soil moisture, nor did it affect soil nitrogen (N) availability in spring (April–May), but it significantly enhanced soil N availability in summer (June–July). Burning had no influence on herbaceous plant production in the first postburn growing season but enhanced in vitro dry matter digestibility of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [Willd. ex Kunth] Lag. ex Griffiths) forage sampled in late May. For the second postburn growing season, we found no difference in herbaceous plant production between sites that were burned and grazed in the previous year versus sites that were burned and protected from grazing in the previous year. Our results provide further evidence that prescribed burns conducted in late winter in dormant vegetation can have neutral or positive consequences for livestock production because of a neutral effect on forage quantity and a short-term enhancement of forage quality. In addition, our results indicate that with conservative stocking rates, deferment of grazing during the first postburn growing season may not be necessary to sustain plant productivity.
Sexual Expression and Its Determinants in the Post-Menopausal Woman

Abstract Anatomic, hormonal, psychosocial and psychosexual variables of sexual expression were evaluated in 69 non-patient post-menopausal women. Subjects received a 2-h individually administered interview, a gynecologic examination with subjective scoring of vaginal atrophy, and serum determinations of estrone. estradiol, and androstenedione, testosterone, FSH and LH. Sexual repertoire of the 34 coitally active (coitus > 3× monthly) was compared to the 29 coitally inactive (coitus
Factors affecting short-term variability in sediment pH as a function of marsh elevation in a Virginia mesohaline marsh

An analysis of 5 days of nearly continuously recorded sediment temperature, pH, and radiation measurements along a transect in a mesohaline marsh in Virginia suggests there was a shift in control over short-term pH variability from tidal inundation to radiation with height of the marsh surface at least in the surficial sediments. There was little evidence for tidal control of pH variability at depth in the sediment column. However, biological control of subsurface pH variability was evident both near the tidal creek and in the high marsh. Sediment pH means were generally highest toward the tidal creek and lower in the high marsh. The latter zone had the highest pH variability with diurnal pH excursions up to two units being observed during the experimental period. It is hypothesized that macrophyte transpiration or a series of interlocking mechanisms associated with photosynthesis and microbial activity were responsible for the pH excursions observed at depth in the marsh, since the rapid changes in pH were triggered at sunrise and sunset. The large excursions in sediment pH in the high marsh rhizosphere suggest that geochemical activity may be dynamic over the diurnal cycle.
Multi-Frequency PARACEST Agents Based on Europium(III)-DOTA-Tetraamide Ligands

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most versatile and powerful diagnostic tools in modern medicine. Recently, a conceptually different approach to contrast enhancement based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has emerged that takes advantage of slow-to-intermediate exchange conditions between two or more pools of protons (kex ≤ Δω).[1] While the first reported CEST agents were diamagnetic molecules containing exchangeable NH and OH groups (Δω ≤ 5 ppm), it was later shown that the slow water exchange characteristics of certain paramagnetic Ln3+ complexes of DOTA-tetraamide ligands allows selective saturation of a hyperfine shifted Ln3+-bound water pool (Δω > 50 ppm) for creating CEST contrast.[2] Radio frequency (RF) saturation of highly shifted exchange resonances in paramagnetic systems offer significant advantages over diamagnetic CESTagents with small Δω values.[3]
Neuropsychological performance of adults evidencing Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is no longer believed to be a time-limited syndrome manifested in and restricted to childhood and adolescence. Many of the characteristics associated with the disorder continue in variable form into adulthood. This investigation focused on two measures sensitive to attention, cognitive flexibility, and visual and auditory distraction, to determine if individuals diagnosed with ADHD would perform poorly in comparison with normal control subjects. Forty-two subjects, 27 ADHD adults and 15 control subjects, were administered the Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Test of Auditory Discrimination (TOAD), and the Stroop Color and Word Test. The findings indicated that the TOAD Noise subtest significantly discriminated the subjects, resulting in an overall correct classification rate of 80.95%.
Surface effect on the valence band Auger spectra of metals

The shifts of the high energy peaks of the KVV Auger line shape of Li(100) and the L2,3 VV Auger line shape of Al(100) due to surface localization in the presence of a finite work function for the conduction electrons have been calculated. The results are sensitively dependent on the relative values of the distance of the surface afrom the first layer of ions and the mean free path λ of the ejected Auger electrons.
Molecular cloning and functional expression of the rat 175-kDa hyaluronan receptor for endocytosis.

We recently purified the rat liver hyaluronan receptor for endocytosis (HARE) and found abundant expression of 175- and 300-kDa HARE species in sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. We report herein the first cloning and functional expression of the rat 175-kDa HARE. Peptide sequences were obtained from the purified 175-kDa HARE, and degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and cDNA cloning. Results of 5-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, Northern analysis, N-terminal sequence, and antibody reactivity analyses indicated the absence of mRNA directly encoding the 175-kDa HARE. This protein is most likely derived from a larger precursor. Accordingly, we constructed an artificial 4.7-kb cDNA encoding the 1431 amino acid 175-kDa HARE. The predicted type I membrane protein has a mass of 156,393 Da and a pI of 7.86. The 175-kDa HARE cDNA, fused to the N-terminal leader sequence of the Ig -chain, was transfected transiently into COS-7 cells and stably into SK-Hep-1 cells, respectively, to assess hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA)-binding activity and endocytosis. In both cases, HARE expression and HA-binding activity were detected. Furthermore, stable SK-175HARE cells demonstrated specific endocytosis of 125 I-HA and receptor recycling. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis confirmed that recombinant HARE was expressed on the cell surface and that fluorescent HA uptake was inhibited by a specific blocking monoclonal antibody against HARE. Additionally, HARE was substantially colocalized with clathrin, but not with internalized HA that was delivered to lysosomes. The results confirm that recombinant 175-kDa HARE is an authentic endocytic receptor for HA and that this receptor can function independently of the 300-kDa HARE. HARE is the first functionally identified member of a protein family that shares a similar organization of Fasciclin, epidermal growth factor-like, Xlink, and transmembrane domains.
Principles of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Its Applications to Basic Neuroscience Research

The brain contains more than 100 billion neurons that communicate with each other via axons for the formation of complex neural networks. The structural mapping of such networks during health and disease states is essential for understanding brain function. However, our understanding of brain structural connectivity is surprisingly limited, due in part to the lack of noninvasive methodologies to study axonal anatomy. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a recently developed MRI technique that can measure macroscopic axonal organization in nervous system tissues. In this article, the principles of DTI methodologies are explained, and several applications introduced, including visualization of axonal tracts in myelin and axonal injuries as well as human brain and mouse embryonic development. The strengths and limitations of DTI and key areas for future research and development are also discussed.
Exploration of VR Acceptance and Ethnicity: A National Investigation

The reported study examined whether African Americans, European Americans, Native Americans/Alaskan Natives, and Asians/Pacific Islanders with disabilities would differ in their rates of vocational...
Recovery and Sequence Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus from Springwater Implicated in an Outbreak of Acute Viral Hepatitis

An outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus in North Carolina was linked to drinking water from a contaminated shallow spring by phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) genomic sequences. Detection of HAV and fecal indicators in the water provided useful and timely information to assist with public health prevention and control measures.
Monoblock and modular total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis

There are theoretical and practical advantages to modular rather than monoblock designs of prostheses for shoulder arthroplasty, but there are no reported studies which specifically compare the clinical and radiological results of their use. We have compared the results of unconstrained total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis using both types of implant. The monoblock design was used between 1992 and 1995 and the modular design after 1995. Both had cemented all-polyethylene glenoids, the monoblock with matched and the modular with mismatched radii of curvature. There were 34 consecutive shoulders in each group with a mean follow-up of 6.1 years in the first and 5.2 years in the second.There were no significant differences in improvement of pain scores, active elevation, external rotation, internal rotation, patient satisfaction, or the Neer ratings between the two groups. Two of 28 glenoid components in the first group and six of 30 in the second met the criteria for being radiologically at risk fo...
The Lurcher cerebellar mutant phenotype is not expressed on a staggerer mutant background

The hierarchy of the various processes responsible for the development of the complex, elaborated Purkinje cell can be examined by taking advantage of a series of spontaneous mutations that affect cerebellar development in the mouse. This study uses double mutants containing genes for two separate hereditary cerebellar mutations that have been shown to act intrinsically in Purkinje cells in order to investigate the time course and modes of action of these mutations. Lurcher mice show 100% degeneration of Purkinje cells, starting during the second postnatal week, while staggerer mice show reduced numbers of Purkinje cells in a distinctive mediolateral distribution from the time of birth, with the remainder grossly stunted. When these mutations are combined genetically, mice shown by progeny tests to harbor both staggerer and Lurcher genotypes exhibit staggerer-like behavior and overall cerebellar morphology; they also do not lose 100% of their Purkinje cells, as Lurcher mutants would otherwise do. Instead, they show a characteristic staggerer cerebellar pathology. We conclude that the intrinsic action of the staggerer gene in Purkinje cells occurs earlier in development than do effects of the Lurcher gene, and that the action of the staggerer gene prevents Purkinje cells from acquiring the characteristics required for the cytotoxic action of the Lurcher gene.
Variation-Oriented Analysis for SOA Solution Design

Many systems are built with very little foresight for incorporating changes resulting from new requirements. This paper provides a systematic way and normative guidance to analyze the variations in SOA solution design. During SOA solution design, two types of change- oriented analysis patterns, variation-oriented analysis (VOA) and event-driven change analysis (EDCA), are proposed to create a resilient design that is adaptive to changes. Specifically, a meta-data model and associated assets for solution design are introduced first to capture the information context for SOA solution design. Then a new change propagation analysis process is presented to summarize the variation identification, variation impact assessment, variation impact path identification, variation analysis and decision making. Based on these two techniques, this paper creates a set of normative guidance for the variation oriented design. These guidelines include but not limited to the artifact type, variation description, variation type, variation artifacts, and impact analysis.
Lehman's Derivative Portfolio

In the Fall of 2008, Lehman Brothers had a $35 trillion derivatives portfolio, representing about 5% of the worldwide derivatives market. It was a party to approximately one million trades, under more than 6,000 ISDA master agreements.Lehman’s derivatives were not the direct cause of its failure, but its derivatives, and the growth of the derivatives markets in general, led to the assumption of outsized risks and systemic weaknesses that did facilitate the crisis.In addition to the systemic problems caused by Lehman’s derivatives portfolio, derivatives have also been identified as a key source of value loss in the bankruptcy.The singular losses caused to Lehman’s bankruptcy estate by Lehman’s derivatives portfolio came from the safe harbors and the system of closeout netting the safe harbors support. While the safe harbors have been thoroughly studied and debated in the abstract, a close look at Lehman’s experience provides important insights for the future. In particular, the largest part of Lehman’s derivatives portfolio shows how financial institutions will again suffer when resolution is attempted in the traditional bankruptcy system. As such, I question the Dodd-Frank Act’s professed preference for “normal” bankruptcy process over specialized insolvency regimes like the new “Orderly Liquidation Authority.”And the abrupt closeout of Lehman’s cleared derivatives portfolio by CME, which Lehman’s examiner noted as the source of several obvious losses to the bankruptcy estate, also provides important insights, given Dodd-Frank’s strong preference for central clearing going forward.This paper looks at both issues, and suggests that the continuation of the safe harbors “as is” renders chapter 11 nonviable for larger financial institutions, and recent contractual attempts to work around the safe harbors are insufficient to solve the problem, while the increased role of clearinghouses in financial institution failures will force regulators to confront difficult choices. In short, the regulators will have to balance two competing systemic risks: the risk of an unruly resolution of the financial institution, balanced against increased risk to the clearinghouse.
Eremogone cliftonii (Caryophyllaceae), a New Species from California

Eremogone cliftonii is described as new from northern California. Petal and capsule lengths and presence or not of pubescence or a bloom on vegetative structures are features useful in distinguishing this novelty from E. aculeata and E. kingii var. glabrescens, the congeners found in the region. Eremogone cliftonii occurs in open or forested areas on decomposing granite.
Natural variation in timing of stress-responsive gene expression predicts heterosis in intraspecific hybrids of Arabidopsis.

The genetic distance between parents influences hybrid performance in plants. Here Miller et al. show that Arabidopsis hybrids produced from diverse parental ecotypes have reduced expression of stress responsive genes at certain times of the day and this correlates with greater biomass production.
Recognition Characteristics of an Adaptive Vesicular Assembly of Amphiphilic Baskets for Selective Detection and Mitigation of Toxic Nerve Agents

We used isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the affinity of basket 1 (470 A3) for trapping variously sized and shaped organophosphonates (OPs) 2–12 (137–244 A3) in water at 298.0 K. The encapsulation is, in each case, driven by favorable entropy (TΔS° = 2.9 kcal/mol), while the enthalpic component stays small and in some cases endothermic (ΔH° ≥ −1 kcal/mol). Presumably, a desolvation of basket 1 and OP guests permits the inclusion complexation at room temperature via a “classical” hydrophobic effect. The amphiphilic basket 1 shows a greater affinity (ΔG° ≈ −5 to −6 kcal/mol), both experimentally and computationally, for encapsulating larger organophosphonates whose size and shape correspond to VX-type agents (289 A3). Importantly, baskets assemble into a vesicular nanomaterial (DH ≈ 350 nm) that in the presence of neutral OP compounds undergoes a phase transition to give nanoparticles (DH ≈ 250 nm). Upon the addition of an anionic guest to basket 1, however, there was no formation of nanopart...
Abstract 5457: FOXO3a transcriptionally regulates pro-apoptotic function of Par-4 and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

Deletion and mutation of tumor suppressor genes (PTEN and p53) may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer (CaP). Constitutive activation of Akt promotes cell proliferation and survival by regulating a number of transcription factors/genes in many cancer cells including CaP. Activation of AKT negatively regulates the pro-apoptotic functions of Fork head transcription factor (FOXO3a) and prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) in CaP cells. In our studies, we found a molecular interplay between FOXO3a and Par-4 in CaP cells and more precisely, how, FOXO3a regulates Par-4 function in CaP cells. Knockin and knockout assays in CaP cells suggest that FOXO3a is upstream of Par-4 and FOXO3a may responsible for the transactivation of Par-4 and its pro-apoptotic function in CaP cells. Further, Immunofluorescence assays suggest during apoptotic stimuli, Par-4 and FOXO3A colocalization in nucleus, which in turn initiates pro-apoptotic signaling and induction of apoptosis. These results were further confirmed by pull down assays, which supports the physical interaction of these two proteins. These findings encouraged us to explore the FOXO3a binding sites in the promoter region of Par-4. We identified four FOXO3a binding sites at -2075 to -2069, -1810 to -1804, -1561 to -1555, and -1340 to -1334 in the promoter region of Par-4 gene. Luciferase reporter constructs of Par-4 promoter (2.1 kb) spanning the FOXO3a binding sites and sequentially deleted constructs were utilized to identify the crucial FOXO3a binding site for the regulation of Par-4. Sequential deletion of FOXO3a binding sites in Par-4 promoter resulted in inhibition of Par-4 function and induction of apoptosis in CaP cells. Further, confirm the role of FOXO3a, we specifically activated Par-4 function by small molecules and simultaneously co-transfect with dominant-negative FOXO3a constructs. As expected dominant negative FOXO3a abrogates Par-4 function in CaP cells, confirming FOXO3a is an upstream of Par-4 signaling and it is required for Par-4 induced apoptosis in CaP cells. We believe, these results decipher the mechanisms associated with FOXO3a induced Par-4 gene activation and apoptosis in CaP cells and activating of FOXO3a may result Par-4 mediated apoptosis in CaP cells. Citation Format: Trinath P. Das, Chendil Damodaran. FOXO3a transcriptionally regulates pro-apoptotic function of Par-4 and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5457. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5457 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Completeness in Topological Vector Lattices

(1959). Completeness in Topological Vector Lattices. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 87-92.
Community-Level Access Divides: A Refugee Camp Case Study

Despite the appearance of uniform availability of mobile services, in many locales granular network analyses reveal the persistence of physical access divides. It stands to reason these divides, similar to those at larger scales, are also reflections of community-level social and economic divides. In this research, we examine community-level physical access divides in the context of a Syrian refugee camp. The investigation combines detailed network and organizational analyses to characterize the divides and identify factors influencing their creation and potential solutions. Our findings show that even in the limited confines of a refugee camp, coverage patterns and bandwidth availability differ significantly both within and between the networks of three mobile cellular carriers. These patterns, together with the overall configuration of network infrastructure, demonstrate three community level divides: an inter-carrier congestion divide, a spatial distribution divide, and an inter-network divide. We identify a number of linkages between these divides and the social, organizational and humanitarian context of the camp. Building on these analyses, we provide recommendations to ameliorate these divides for both residents and camp management.
Representing Work for Device Design and Evaluation Using Biclustering

Successful design of technology for safety critical or high-stakes work demands a clear understanding of the work to be supported, a demand not required for many casual-use applications. Methods ar...
ESD energy distributions for COandO2onRh(111)

Abstract ESD energy distributions for CO and O 2 on Rh (111) are presented. Their distributions are characteristic of adsorption of the parent molecular species on this face of rhodium, and consequently may be used to identify reaction products resulting from interaction of coadsorbed molecular species.
iTrace: Overcoming the Limitations of Short Code Examples in Eye Tracking Experiments

Eye trackers are being used by software engineering researchers to study how developers work. In this technical briefing, we give an overview of eye tracking and how it can help researchers to conduct their own studies. Eye tracking studies are done on a single screen of text and there is no support for scrolling or switching between files. This scenario is impractical to study developers as they actually work on large software artifacts. To overcome this an Eclipse plugin, iTrace, is introduced that monitors developers eye movements even in the presence of scrolling and file switching within an IDE. In addition, it automatically maps the eye gaze to source code elements. Existing work using iTrace is presented followed by a scenario of how to setup and run an eye tracking study. Data filtering, data cleaning, and data analysis are also discussed.
Going to Extremes: Anti-Catholicism and Anti-Slavery in Early Victorian Belfast

On 29 October 1840, the Rev. Thomas Drew opened a meeting of the Belfast Anti-Slavery Society on a typically hyperbolic note, telling a lurid story about an unnamed African woman being brutally mur...
A novel framework for optimizing motor (Re)-learning with a robotic exoskeleton

A critical question to be answered to improve robotic rehabilitation is what is the optimal rehabilitation environment for a subject that will facilitate maximum recovery during therapy? Studies suggest that task variability, nature and degree of assistance or error-augmentation and type of feedback play a critical role in motor (re)-learning. In this work, we present a framework for robot-assisted motor (re)-learning that provides subject-specific training by allowing for simultaneous adaptation of task, assistance and feedback based on the performance of the subject on the task. We model a continuous and coordinated multi-joint task using a learning-from-demonstration approach, which allows the task to be modeled in a generative manner such that the challenge-level of the task could be modulated in an online manner. To train the subjects for dexterous manipulation, we present a torque-based task that requires the subject to dynamically regulate their joint torques. Finally, we carry out a pilot study with healthy human subjects using our previously developed hand exoskeleton to test a hypothesis and the results suggest that training under simultaneous adaptation of task, assistance and feedback positively affects motor learning.
Effect of jet aircraft noise upon in vitro adrenocortical response to ACTH in feral Mus musculus.

Abstract Paired adrenals from feral male Mus musculus trapped from fields adjacent to the Memphis (TN) International Airport and from suitable control areas were incubated in the presence or absence of ACTH. Incubation media were assayed fluorometrically for corticosterone. Control animals exhibited lower basal secretion rates of corticosterone when compared to their noise exposed counterparts. However, ACTH elicited a significantly greater increase in corticosterone secretion in controls as compared to the noise exposed group. The data suggest a noise related decline in adrenal cortical responsiveness to ACTH.
V -Uniform Ergodicity

In this chapter we introduce the culminating form of the geometric ergodicity theorem, and show that such convergence can be viewed as geometric convergence of an operator norm; simultaneously, we show that the classical concept of uniform (or strong) ergodicity, where the convergence in (13.4) is bounded independently of the starting point, becomes a special case of this operator norm convergence.
Folate transport in intestinal brush border membrane: involvement of essential histidine residue(s).

We examined the possible existence of histidine residue(s) in the folate transporter of rabbit intestine. This was done with use of the histidine-specific reagent diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) and purified intestinal brush-border-membrane vesicles. DEPC caused significant concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of folic acid transport. The inhibition was only seen when transport was examined in vesicles incubated in buffer at pH 5.2 and not in those incubated in buffer at pH 7.4. The addition of unlabelled folic acid to vesicle suspension before treatment with DEPC (2.5 mM) led to a significant (P < 0.01) protection (84%) against the inhibition of folic acid transport. Treating vesicles pretreated with DEPC (2.5 mM) with reducing reagents (dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, all at a final concentration of 10 mM) did not reverse the inhibitory effect of DEPC on folic acid transport. On the other hand, treating the DEPC-pretreated vesicles with hydroxylamine (140 mM) led to a significant reversal (P < 0.01) (54%) of the inhibition of folic acid transport. The inhibitory effect of DEPC on carrier-mediated folic acid transport was found to be mediated through a decrease in the Vmax. (i.e. a decrease in the number and/or activity) of the carriers and an increase in the apparent Km (i.e. a decrease in their affinity), classifying the effect as a mixed-type inhibition. These results demonstrate the existence of critical histidine residue(s) in the intestinal brush-border-membrane folate transporter which is essential for its interaction with, and transport of, the vitamin. These findings also suggest that the histidine residue(s) is located at (or near) the substrate-binding site.
DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY (DPD) IN GI MALIGNANCIES: EXPERIENCE OF 4-YEARS

Objectives 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an integral part of treatment of GI malignancies. While normal DPD enzyme activity is rate limiting in 5-FU catabolism, its deficiency could increase concentrations of bioavailable 5-FU anabolic products leading to 5-FU related toxicity syndrome.
The Gas Supply Outlook for Industrial Users

The total natural gas reserves in the U.S. exceed 3 times 10exp13 cubic meters and at the current level of demand, they will last for 50 years. The level of extraction and demand for natural gas (PG) in the U.S. is a function of the economic competition and of natural gas prices. It was assumed for the prediction that the actual oil prices in 1985 will be equivalent (with consideration of inflation) to 1981 prices and that between 1985 and the year 2000 they will rise by 2 percent per year; here the gross national product in the U.S. will rise by 2.4 percent per year. Prediction of the primary fuel and energy balance (TEB) for the year 2000 in equivalent joules (1981 data is in parentheses) is: in primary energy: oil, 33.4 (33.8); natural gas, 17.6 (20.9); in coal, 35.1 (16.9); nuclear power, 7.8 (3.1) and the remaining (hydroelectric power plants (GES), renewable sources and so on), 6.8 (3.3). The prediction of the fuel and energy balance is: transport, 19.8 (20.2); industry, 32.4 (22.3); domestic needs and small consumers, 18.7 (17.0) and losses (in extraction and transport of electric power and in gasifying coal), 30.8 (18.5). Data are citedmore » about the fuel and energy balance of the industrial sector, along with a prediction for the year 2000. The prediction of the balance in the demand for gas is: domestic and small consumers, 8.0 (7.8); industry, 8.3 (8.4), electric power plants (ES), 2.2 (4.0) and transport, 0.8 (0.6).« less
Introduction: The Context of Financial Innovations

The main function of the financial system is to facilitate the allocation of financial resources, distributing them well in terms of time and space within an uncertain context. In performing this function, the financial system permits the transfer of financial resources from savers to borrowers as well as the reduction of risk through insurance and diversification (Merton 1992). Since there are uncertainties involved in the future states of many resources, individuals can modify their behavior depending on their aversion to the risk that results from these uncertainties. However, these risks can frequently be addressed through financial instruments that satisfy the demands voiced by participants in the financial system. These financial instruments can contribute as much to the economy as the technologies that support them.
The costs of growth: Accelerated growth and crowd-out in the Mexican supermarket industry

Abstract Retailers expand gradually into new markets. Policies that aim to facilitate or delay this process must understand how firms differ in their ability to expand and how firms’ expansions affect that of others. I propose a model that quantifies various explanations for gradual expansion, with focus on expansion costs: those due to the rate of outlet expansion. I estimate the model using entry patterns in Mexico’s supermarket industry for the years 1996–2006. I find firms’ incur a 33% higher cost for opening the marginal store during the expansion period rather than at the end of it. I simulate how the industry would have grown under lesser expansion costs and find that, although the industry would have added more stores on average, there are outcomes in which certain firms’ accelerated expansion would have crowded out other firms’ expansion, resulting in fewer long-run stores and lower consumer welfare.
“Would You Wear That to Church?!”: The Production of “Ladies” in an All Girls’ After-School Club in the Southeast United States:

This study investigated how Black middle school girls negotiated an after-school club, with a specific focus on ways of knowing and acting as “ladies.” Drawing from Fordham’s intersectional analyse...
Comment on "DNA damage is a pervasive cause of sequencing errors, directly confounding variant identification".

Chen et al . (Reports, 17 February 2017, p. 752) highlight an important problem of sequencing artifacts caused by DNA damage at the time of sample processing. However, their manuscript contains several errors that led the authors to incorrect conclusions. Moreover, the same sequencing artifacts were previously described and mitigated in The Cancer Genome Atlas and other published sequencing projects.
Depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and metabolic health: The REGARDS study.

To describe the relationship between metabolic health parameters and depressive symptoms and perceived stress, and whether the co-occurrence of these two psychological stressors has an additive influence on metabolic dysregulation in adults at different levels of body mass index (BMI) without diabetes. Participants without diabetes (N = 20,312) from the population-based REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (recruited between 2003–2007) who had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Mean age of sample was 64.4 years, with 36% African American, and 56% women. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were measured using brief versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D-4 item) questionnaire and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. Metabolic health parameters included waist circumference, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Sequentially adjusted general linear regression models (GLM) for each metabolic parameter were used to assess the association between having both elevated depressive symptoms and stress, either of these psychological risk factors, or none with all analyses stratified by BMI category (i.e., normal, overweight, and obesity). The presence of elevated depressive symptoms and/or perceived stress was generally associated with increased waist circumference, higher CRP, and lower HDL. The combination of depressive symptoms and perceived stress, compared to either alone, was typically associated with poorer metabolic health outcomes. However, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors generally attenuated the associations between psychological factors and metabolic parameters. Elevated depressive symptoms in conjunction with high levels of perceived stress were more strongly associated with several parameters of metabolic health than only one of these psychological constructs in a large, diverse cohort of adults. Findings suggest that healthy lifestyle factors may attenuate the association between psychological distress and metabolic health impairment.
Successful Use of Pulmonary Cryotherapy for Tracheobronchial Thrombus Extraction and Recanalization of the Tracheobronchial Tree During a Pediatric Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Run.

Impacted pediatric tracheobronchial thrombus is an uncommon diagnosis. There are no clearly proven therapeutic options for airway casts due to a similar process, plastic bronchitis. Cryotherapy, sp...
High-risk adolescents’ sexuality education preferences based on Hispanic ethnicity

In the USA, persons of Hispanic ethnicity experience higher rates of adolescent pregnancy and STIs than non-Hispanic white youth and there exists a lack of research concerning the sexuality educati...
Noncanonical mechanism of voltage sensor coupling to pore revealed by tandem dimers of Shaker

In voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC), voltage sensors (VSD) endow voltage-sensitivity to pore domains (PDs) through a not fully understood mechanism. Shaker-like VGKC show domain-swapped configuration: VSD of one subunit is covalently connected to its PD by the protein backbone (far connection) and non-covalently to the PD of the next subunit (near connection). VSD-to-PD coupling is not fully explained by far connection only, therefore an additional mechanistic component may be based on near connection. Using tandem dimers of Shaker channels we show functional data distinguishing VSD-to-PD far from near connections. Near connections influence both voltage-dependence of C-type inactivation at the selectivity filter and overall PD open probability. We speculate a conserved residue in S5 (S412 in Shaker), within van der Waals distance from next subunit S4 residues is key for the noncanonical VSD-to-PD coupling. Natural mutations of S412-homologous residues in brain and heart VGKC are related to neurological and cardiac diseases. Homotetrameric voltage-gated ion channels are assembled from individual subunits containing structurally distinct voltage sensor (VSD) and pore domains (PD). Here authors engineer tandem dimers of swapping-domains Shaker channels that allow distinguishing between VSD-to-PD far or near connections.
Health issues across adulthood in Down syndrome

Abstract Although life-spans of individuals with Down syndrome have increased dramatically in recent years—now reaching into the late 50s and early 60s—these adults continue to experience health declines in their later years. With the exception of Alzheimer's dementia, however, few studies have examined Down syndrome health issues across the decades of adulthood. In this study, we utilize five separate databases—collected for different purposes and at different times—to examine cross-sectional changes in the levels of overall health and percentages experiencing specific aging-related health conditions. Especially by their 50s, adults with Down syndrome show general health declines, with 1/3 or more rated as having “poor” or “fair” overall health. From Tennessee's National Core Indicators (NCIs) and the national DS-Connect databases, percentages of Alzheimer's dementia rise in the 50s and again in the 60s; increasing percentages are also found of diabetes, skeletal problems, and cardiovascular problems. After documenting age-related health changes, we evaluate the use of large-scale databases to inform us about aging-related health changes, especially given potential limitations of using diverse and non-medical respondents as well as triangulation as a research method. Beyond needing more, more diverse, and higher-quality health studies in the future, we need to consider the ways in which Down syndrome constitutes a health condition; how aging-related health changes may interact with family coping and individual family members; and how such changes impact residential settings, work activities, daily living skills, and community involvement.
Patterns of Metastasis in Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy with a propensity for regional and distant spread. Because of the relative infrequency of this disease, the patterns of metastasis in MCC are understudied. Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (8th edition) stage I–IV MCC treated at our institution were identified (1/1/2008–2/28/2018). The first site of metastasis was classified as regional [regional lymph node (LN) basin, in-transit] or distant. Distant metastasis-free (DMFS) and MCC-specific (MSS) survival were estimated. Of 133 patients, 64 (48%) had stage I, 13 (10%) stage II, 48 (36%) stage III, and 8 (6%) stage IV disease at presentation. The median follow-up time in patients who remained alive was 36 (interquartile range 20–66) months. Regional or distant metastases developed in 78 (59%) patients. The first site was regional in 87%, including 73% with isolated LN involvement, and distant in 13%. Thirty-seven (28%) patients eventually developed distant disease, which most commonly involved the abdominal viscera (51%) and distant LNs (46%) first. The lung (0%) and brain (3%) were rarely the first distant sites. Stage III MCC at presentation was significantly associated with worse DMFS (hazard ratio 4.87, P = 0.001) and stage IV disease with worse MSS (hazard ratio 6.30, P = 0.002). Regional LN metastasis is the most common first metastatic event in MCC, confirming the importance of nodal evaluation. Distant disease spread appears to have a predilection for certain sites. Understanding these patterns could help to guide surveillance strategies.