cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“It Wasn't Written for Me”: Law, Debt, and Therapeutic Contracts in Greek Psychiatry

Since the international movement for patients’ rights began, law has played an ambiguous role in mediating conflicts over responsibility for the mentally ill. In Greece, this contention has been shaped by reforms designed to shift psychiatric treatment from custodial hospitals to outpatient settings, challenging patients to help care for themselves. This article addresses one of the normative techniques deployed by Greek therapists to foster patients’ responsibility in treatment: the therapeutic contract. By formalizing patients’ and therapists’ responsibilities to one other, contracts attach legalistic determinants to treatment that are said to have their own therapeutic efficacy. I examine the experiences of two patients in northeastern Greece who entered therapeutic contracts at moments of crisis in their treatment. Failures in these cases expose a conflict between the ethics of contract and the ethics of care. I argue that this conflict is intrinsic to the transactional model of public service relationships in liberal states.
Transition for youth with chronic conditions: Primary care physicians' approaches

Since the US Surgeon General's conference on health care transitions in 1989, transition from pediatric to adult-oriented health care for youth with chronic conditions continues to develop as an important issue among youth, parents, and health professionals. Key professional organizations, public agencies, and disease-specific organizations have promoted research on transition and the development of transition services. Although there is evidence of the advancement of the science and practice of transition in the context of subspecialty medical care, the same may not be true for transition in the context of primary care practice. Little has been written about the role of the primary care provider in facilitating transition, and little is published in the medical literature about how transition occurs in primary care settings.
Properties of rescheduling size invariance for dynamic rescheduling-based VLIW cross-generation compatibility

The object-code compatibility problem in VLIW architectures stems from their statically scheduled nature. Dynamic rescheduling (DR) is a technique to solve the compatibility problem in VLIWs. DR reschedules program code pages at first-time page faults, i.e., when the code pages are accessed for the first time during execution. Treating a page of code as the unit of rescheduling makes it susceptible to the hazards of changes in the page size during the process of rescheduling. This paper shows that the changes in the page size are only due to insertion and/or deletion of NOPs in the code. Further, it presents an ISA encoding, called list encoding, which does not require explicit encoding of the NOPs in the code. Algorithms to perform rescheduling on acyclic code and cyclic code are presented, followed by the discussion of the property of rescheduling-size invariance (RSI) satisfied by list encoding.
Positive allosteric modulation of the GABAB receptor by GS39783 attenuates the locomotor stimulant actions of ethanol and potentiates the induction of locomotor sensitization

Abstract Acute ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization are two behavioral assays thought to model the rewarding effects of ethanol. Recent evidence suggests that GS39783, a GABA B positive allosteric modulator, may be effective at reducing both the rewarding and reinforcing effects of several drugs of abuse, including ethanol. The goal of this study was to determine if GS39783 was capable of altering acute ethanol-induced stimulation, and the induction and expression of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization, without effecting basal locomotion levels. Several doses of GS39783 (ranging from 0 to 100 mg/kg, depending on experiment) were tested on adult male DBA/2J mice in four experiments using 3-day basal locomotion and acute ethanol stimulation paradigms, and 14-day induction and expression of ethanol sensitization paradigms. The results of experiment 1 are in agreement with current literature, suggesting that 30 mg/kg doses of GS39783 and lower do not alter basal locomotor activity. In experiment 2, we found that GS39783 significantly decreased acute ethanol stimulation, but only at the 30 mg/kg dose, supporting our hypothesis and other publications suggesting that GABA B receptors modulate acute ethanol stimulation. Contrary to our hypothesis, GS39783 did not alter the expression of locomotor sensitization. Additionally, repeated administration of GS39783 in conjunction with ethanol unexpectedly potentiated ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization. Further study of GS39783 is warranted as it may be a more tolerable treatment for alcoholism than full agonists, due to its behavioral efficacy at doses that lack sedative side effects. Our results add to current literature suggesting that the GABA B receptor system is indeed involved in the modulation of ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and sensitization.
Building Effective Question Answering Characters

In this paper, we describe methods for building and evaluation of limited domain question-answering characters. Several classification techniques are tested, including text classification using support vector machines, language-model based retrieval, and cross-language information retrieval techniques, with the latter having the highest success rate. We also evaluated the effect of speech recognition errors on performance with users, finding that retrieval is robust until recognition reaches over 50% WER.
Variable temperature rate studies for the reaction H3O(+) + (C2H2)2 measured with a coaxial molecular beam radio frequency ring electrode ion trap.

The independent molecule and ion temperature dependence of the rate coefficient for the H3O+ and (C2H2)2 reaction producing C2H5O+ are determined using a coaxial molecular beam radio frequency ring electrode ion trap (CoMB-RET). The H3O+ temperature is varied from 25 to 170 K, while the equilibrated C2H2/(C2H2)2 beam temperatures sampled are 160, 180, 200, and 220 K. The rate coefficient of the H3O+ + (C2H2)2 reaction is determined to be 4.0 × 10–10 × (Treact/300)−2.5 in the reaction temperature range of Treact = 114–187 K. The H3O+ and C2H2 radiative association reaction is found to have a rate coefficient below 1 × 10–13 cm3·s–1 at 187 K. This result is consistent with Herbst’s experimental determination.
On the price of security in large-scale wireless ad hoc networks

Security always comes with a price in terms of performance degradation, which should be carefully quantified. This is especially the case for wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs), which offer communications over a shared wireless channel without any preexisting infrastructure. Forming end-to-end secure paths in such WANETs is more challenging than in conventional networks due to the lack of central authorities, and its impact on network performance is largely untouched in the literature. In this paper, based on a general random network model, the asymptotic behaviors of secure throughput and delay with the common transmission range rn and the probability pf of neighboring nodes having a primary security association are quantified when the network size n is sufficiently large. The costs and benefits of secure-link-augmentation operations on the secure throughput and delay are also analyzed. In general, security has a cost: Since we require all the communications operate on secure links, there is a degradation in the network performance when pf <; 1. However, one important exception is that when pf is Ω(1/logn), the secure throughput remains at the Gupta and Kumar bound of Θ(1/√{n log n}) packets/time slot, wherein no security requirements are enforced on WANETs. This implies that even when the pf goes to zero as the network size becomes arbitrarily large, it is still possible to build throughput-order-optimal secure WANETs, which is of practical interest since pf is very small in many practical large-scale WANETs.
Thalamic connections of the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey

The thalamocortical connections of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) were studied by means of the WGA-HRP retrograde tracing technique. The results indicate that the distribution of thalamic projections varies along the rostral-caudal dimension of the STS. Thus the rostral portion of the upper bank receives input primarily from the medialmost portion of the medial pulvinar (PM) nucleus. The middle region of the upper bank receives projections from medial and central portions of the PM nucleus, and also from the oral pulvinar, limitans, suprageniculate, medial geniculate, and dorsomedial nuclei. The cortex of the caudal portion of the upper bank has basically similar thalamic input; however, the projections from the PM nucleus originate in central and lateral portions. Additionally, there are projections from the lateral pulvinar (PL), ventroposterolateral, central lateral, parafascicular, and paracentral nuclei. In contrast to the dorsal bank, the cortex of the ventral bank of the STS receives somewhat different and less extensive thalamic input. The rostral portion of the lower bank receives projections only from the ventromedial sector of the PM nucleus, whereas the middle portion of the lower bank receives projections from the PL and the inferior pulvinar nuclei as well as from the PM nucleus. The upper bank of the STS, on the basis of physiological and anatomical studies (Jones and Powell, '70; Seltzer and Pandya, '78; Gross et al., '81; Baylis et al., '87), has been shown to contain multimodal areas. The present data indicate that the multimodal region of the STS has a preferential relationship with the central sector of the PM nucleus.
Introduction to Special Issue: Journal of Pediatric Psychology Statement of Purpose—Special Section on Diversity and Health Care Disparities

Data from the 2000 census reveal that the United States is becoming increasingly diverse at a rapid pace. Between 1990 and 2000, the Latino/Hispanic population increased by >50% (Guzman, 2001), and the Black and Asian populations both increased at faster rates than the total population (Barnes & Bennett, 2002; McKinnon, 2001). Population projections indicate that between 2000 and 2010, the proportion of individuals considered ‘‘White alone (not Hispanic),’’ will decrease from 69.4% to 65.1%, and by 2050 will be barely a majority, at 50.1% of the total population (US Census Bureau, 2004). The increasing diversification of the population creates certain responsibilities for the execution of ethical science. Guidelines for federal funding require documentation of efforts toward appropriate representation of racial and ethnic minorities within study design. In our own field, submission guidelines for the Journal of Pediatric Psychology indicate that articles must specify the racial/ethnic composition of study samples, and questionnaires, interviews, and procedures that are used with diverse samples must have appropriate normative data. At a minimum, when study samples lack diversity, issues of generalizability and applicability to diverse samples must be addressed within every manuscript. There is also, however, an increasing need for research that specifically assesses the complex relations among race/ethnicity, culture, and health outcomes. The purpose of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology’s special section on diversity and health care disparities is to facilitate the presentation of research that addresses (a) the interface between culture and illness management behavior, (b) the mechanisms of underlying health care disparities, and (c) the complex relations among socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic background, and disease outcomes. Background
Transport of Vitamin B12 in Escherichia coli: Common Receptor Sites for Vitamin B12 and the E Colicins on the Outer Membrane of the Cell Envelope

The first step in the transport of cyanocobalamin (CN-B(12)) by cells of Escherichia coli was shown previously to consist of binding of the B(12) to specific receptor sites located on the outer membrane of the cell envelope. In this paper, evidence is presented that these B(12) receptor sites also function as the receptors for the E colicins, and that there is competition between B(12) and the E colicins for occupancy of these sites. The cell strains used were E. coli KBT001, a methionine/B(12) auxotroph, and B(12) transport mutants derived from strain KBT001. Colicins E1 and E3 inhibited binding of B(12) to the outer membrane B(12) receptor sites, and CN-B(12) protected cells against these colicins. Half-maximal protection was given by CN-B(12) concentrations in the range of 1 to 6 nM, depending upon the colicin concentration used. Colicin E1 competitively inhibited the binding of (57)Co-labeled CN-B(12) to isolated outer membrane particles. Functional colicin E receptor sites were found in cell envelopes from cells of only those strains that possessed intact B(12) receptors. Colicin K did not inhibit the binding of B(12) to the outer membrane receptor sites, and no evidence was found for any identity between the B(12) and colicin K receptors. However, both colicin K and colicin E1 inhibited the secondary phase of B(12) transport, which is believed to consist of the energy-coupled movement of B(12) across the inner membrane.
Simulation and measurement of a heatsink antenna: a dual-function structure

As the demand pushes for increasing chip densities, new mechanisms must be pursued in order to deal with problems such as heat dissipation. This is especially true for high-density three dimensional (3-D) packaging technology for RF devices. Though 3-D system-on-chip (SOC) technology shows promise for increasing chip densities, the heat generated by the RF transmitter's power amplifier poses a threat to the devices. This paper proposes and evaluates a new type of antenna: a heatsink antenna, which simultaneously operates as a radiator of electromagnetic and thermal energy. A patch antenna was used in this study to evaluate the effect of a heatsink structure, though the actual dimensions and antenna/chip structure will depend on the particular system design. Measurements and simulation show that the heatsink lowers the resonant frequency of a patch antenna by 6.8% and 9.7%, respectively. In addition, simulations show that a poor radiation efficiency of the patch antenna fabricated on FR4 PCB can be improved significantly by a heatsink structure. For the antenna in this study, the heatsink improved the radiation efficiency from 33% to 62%.
Do Hemochromatosis Mutations Protect Against Iron-Mediated Atherogenesis?

Received August 3, 2009; accepted October 20, 2009. It has been proposed that modest levels of stored iron, far less than conventional iron overload, promote cardiovascular disease and that sustained iron depletion is protective against it.1–6 This so-called “iron hypothesis” was initially presented as an explanation for the sex difference in cardiovascular disease and the increase in disease after menopause. The idea, although continually debated for >25 years, has achieved some standing as a plausible and testable hypothesis.7–18 No definitive test of the hypothesis has yet been published. A first randomized clinical trial to partially address the hypothesis was recently reported.7 The first randomized clinical trial7 had 2 key limitations as a general test of the idea: (1) it was a trial of secondary prevention and (2) the iron reduction protocol fell far short of achieving full iron depletion. Zacharski et al7 reported that reducing iron stores significantly improves survival for patients with symptomatic but stable peripheral arterial disease, if iron reduction begins before the age of 60 years. The first randomized clinical trial provides compelling support for a new trial designed to fully test the original hypothesis. Controversial results from multiple epidemiological studies investigating a variety of atherosclerotic events using all kinds of variable parameters of body iron load have presented a confusing picture regarding the iron hypothesis.19 Confusion became complete when it appeared that patients with homozygous hemochromatosis who were afflicted with serious life-long iron overload had no increase in atherosclerosis and might even be protected against atherosclerosis. In the debate on the hypothesis, the disease pattern in homozygous hemochromatosis has been perceived as perhaps the most persuasive evidence against the hypothesis.20 This “hemochromatosis paradox” is seen as an anomaly that makes the hypothesis untenable for some observers. How can normal …
Prioritized gossip in vehicular networks

We present a method for using real world mobility traces to identify tractable theoretical models for the study of distributed algorithms in mobile networks. We validate the method by deriving a vehicular ad hoc network model from a large corpus of position data generated by Boston-area taxicabs. Unlike previous work, our model does not assume global connectivity or eventual stability; it instead assumes only that some subset of processes are connected through transient paths (e.g., paths that exist over time). We use this model to study the problem of prioritized gossip, in which processes attempt to disseminate messages of different priority. Specifically, we present CabChat, a distributed prioritized gossip algorithm that leverages an interesting connection to the classic Tower of Hanoi problem to schedule the broadcast of packets of different priorities. Whereas previous studies of gossip leverage strong connectivity or stabilization assumptions to prove the time complexity of global termination, in our model, with its weak assumptions, we instead analyze CabChat with respect to its ability to deliver a high proportion of high priority messages over the transient paths that happen to exist in a given execution.
Lifetime abuse victimization and risk of uterine leiomyomata in black women

Objective Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are a major contributor to gynecologic morbidity and medical costs, and black women are disproportionately affected by the condition. Previous studies have linked UL to psychosocial stress, including child abuse. We assessed the association between lifetime abuse victimization and UL among 9910 premenopausal women. Study Design Data were derived from the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study. In 2005, participants reported their experiences of physical and sexual abuse within each life stage (childhood, adolescence, adulthood). Biennial follow-up questionnaires from 2005 through 2011 ascertained new UL diagnoses. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. Results There were 1506 incident UL cases diagnosed by ultrasound or surgery. UL incidence was higher among women who reported child abuse, particularly sexual abuse. Relative to no abuse across the life span, RRs were 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02−1.33) for physical abuse only, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.09−1.66) for sexual abuse only, and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.99−1.39) for both physical and sexual abuse in childhood. RRs for 1-3 and 4 or more incidents of child sexual abuse were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.04−1.61) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.07−1.85), respectively, whereas the RRs for low, intermediate, and high frequencies of child physical abuse were 1.19, 1.04, and 1.23, respectively. The association was strongest for the highest category of child abuse severity (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.19−2.07). No associations were found for teen or adult abuse. Conclusion In the present study, child sexual abuse was an independent risk factor for UL, supporting the hypothesis that childhood adversity increases UL risk.
Conversion Loss and Noise of Microwave and Millimeterwave Mixers: Part 1--Theory

An analysis is presented for the conversion loss and noise of microwave and millimeter-wave mixers. The analysis includes the effects of nonlinear capacitance, arbitrary embedding impedances, nonideality of microwave diodes, and shot, thermal, and scattering noise generated in the diode. Correlation of down-converted components of the time-varying shot noise is shown to explain the "anomalous" noise observed in millimeter-wave mixers. Part 1 of the paper presents the theoretical basis for predicting mixer performance, while Part 2 compares theoretical and experimental results for mixers operating at 87 and 115 GHz.
Induction of acyclovir-resistant mutants of herpes simplex virus type I in athymic nude mice

Induction of acyclovir resistance was studied in the immune compromised host by multiple passage of plaque-purified herpes simplex type I strains in athymic nude mice receiving suboptimal antiviral therapy. Mice infected with a highly pathogenic clinical isolate rapidly developed infections that were resistant to therapy. Viruses isolated from these mice had decreased in-vitro sensitivities to acyclovir, as well as altered characteristics when assayed by [125I]plaque autoradiography. In contrast, less virulent laboratory strains, or a genetically stable clinical isolate, showed no indication of mutation to resistance after extended passage in this mouse model. Highly pathogenic viruses may increase the probability of mutation to resistance because of the large amount of infectious virus they produce, while viruses of equivalent virulence may produce different amounts of drug-resistant progeny because of alterations in the replication fidelity of the viral DNA polymerase.
Correlating Equations for Impingement Cooling of Small Heat Sources With Multiple Circular Liquid Jets

Experimental data have been obtained for liquid jet impingement cooling of small square heat sources resembling electronic integrated circuit chips. Both free-surface and submerged jet configurations have been studied for a range of velocities, nozzle diameters, and nozzle-to-heater separation distances, with water and a fluorocarbon liquid (3M FC-77) as coolants. Major trends in the data have been explained in terms of the underlying hydrodynamic and thermal phenomena. The data, obtained over parameter ranges applicable to the cooling of microelectronic chips, have been compared with the predictions of previously developed correlations for jet impingement heat transfer and substantial discrepancies between the data and the predictions have been noted. Based on the present data, two new correlating equations, one for free-surface and the other for submerged jet impingement, have been developed and presented.
N‐Benzyl‐2,3‐Azetidinedione

N-benzyl-2,3-azetidinedione intermediate: methyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoate intermediate: Methyl 2-(benzylamino)methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate intermediate: N-benzyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)azetidin-2-one intermediate: N-Benzyl-3-(Z/E)-ethylideneazetidin-2-one product: N-benzylazetidine-2,3-dione Keywords: acylation; addition, to CO; addition, to CC–CO and CC–C≡N; alkenylation, C-alkenylation; alkylation, C-alkylation; alkylation, N-alkylation; annulation, heterocyclic-[4]; cleavage, oxidative; cyclization, condensation; elimination, dehydration; oxidation, CC 2CO; oxidation, CHCH2 COCH3
Analysis and Modeling of Capacitive Power Transfer in Microsystems

As externally powered microsystems become more common, designers need better tools to understand power delivery systems such as non-resonant capacitive coupling. In this paper we present the first general method which allows a designer to easily model power delivery through capacitive coupling. The method uses a power iteration technique which allows one to analyze systems when the time to charge the coupling capacitor is longer than a charge cycle, enabling us to analyze a greater range of systems than previously possible. In fact, we are able to model the entire system with an equivalent resistance. We show that our model accurately reproduces both static and dynamic characteristics of the exact solution and that this model is general, in that it is valid for capacitor charge times that are longer as well as shorter than a charge cycle. This model also reveals several regions of operation where different parameters (e.g., capacitance, frequency and series resistance) dominate, allowing the designer to quickly and intuitively understand the design space for capacitive power transfer.
The detailed age trajectory of oral vocabulary knowledge: differences by class and race

Abstract Data from the Children of the NLSY79 (CNLSY) are pooled together across survey waves, 1986–2000, to provide an unusually large sample size, as well as two or more observations at different time points for many children, recorded at single months of age between 36 and 156 months. We fit a variety of multilevel growth models to these data. We find that by 36 months of age, large net social class and Black–White vocabulary knowledge gaps have already emerged. By 60 months of age, when kindergarten typically begins, the Black–White vocabulary gap approximates the level it maintains through to 13 years of age. Net social class differences are also large at 36 months. For whites, these cease widening thereafter. For Blacks, they widen until 60 months of age, and then cease widening. We view these vocabulary differences as achieved outcomes, and find that they are only very partially explained by measures of the mother's vocabulary knowledge and home cognitive support. We conclude that stratification studies as well as program interventions should focus increased effort on caregiver behaviors that stimulate oral language development from birth through age three, when class and race gaps in vocabulary knowledge emerge and take on values close to their final forms.
The Control of Immigration as an Administrative Problem.

Our laws affecting immigration represent the accretions of ninety years, but the great mass of this legislation falls within the last third of this period. Since 1882 Congress has passed a score of immigration acts and amendments, besides the numerous immigration features embodied in laws relating primarily to other' subjects. From the standpoint of purpose and aim, the provisions of this legislation may be grouped under four main heads: 1. Restrictive; 2. Protective; 3. Distributive, and 4. Administrative. For the first group a more accurately descriptive phrase would be "Restrictive and Selective," for it is impossible to dissociate, in most provisions, the purpose of restricting the volume of immnigration, lest the number of comers prove too great for our receiving population, and the purpose of controlling the quality of our immigrants, lest our citizenship suffer through undesirable additions. What are the restrictive and selective provisions of our laws? In the first place, certain classes of aliens are excluded from admission to the United States. Since our first federal measure of restriction in 1862, this list of the unwelcome has gradually lengthened, until to-day twenty-three classes may not lawfully enter. These classes may be grouped according to the ground upon which the exclusion rests: 1. First are those excluded as mentally unfit: idiots; imbeciles; feeble-minded persons; insane persons; persons who have been insane within five years; persons who have ever had two or more
Lessons from K-12 Distance Education in the U.S.A., 1986-2008

Distance education for elementary and secondary school students in North America has grown and evolved over a century from mail-based correspondence courses for small numbers of geographically dispersed learners to the millions of learners now using online courses in virtual schools. This article focuses on effective practices emerging from the modern electronic generation of K-12 distance education programs existing in the United States between 1986 and 2008.
A Pilot Study of the Tongue Pull-Back Exercise for Improving Tongue-Base Retraction and Two Novel Methods to Add Resistance to the Tongue Pull-Back.

This pilot study investigated the tongue pull-back (TPB) exercise to improve tongue-base retraction as well as two methods to add resistance to the TPB. Surface electromyography (sEMG) to the submental triangle was used as an indication of tongue-base activity on 13 healthy adults during: (1) saliva swallow, (2) 15 mL water swallow, (3) effortful swallow, (4) unassisted TPB, (5) TPB with added resistance by holding the tongue with gauze (finger-resisted TPB), and (6) TPB with the tongue clipped to a spring-loaded tension resistance device (device-resisted TPB). Order of the exercises was randomized. The exercises fell into two groups—weak and intense. Weak exercises included saliva swallow, water swallow, and unassisted TPB (mean sEMG = 19.07 μV, p = .593). Intense exercises included effortful swallow, finger-resisted TPB, and device-resisted TPB (mean sEMG = 36.44 μV, p = .315). Each intense exercise resulted in significantly higher mean sEMG peak amplitude than each weak exercise (p < .05), with one exception; the effortful swallow was not significantly different than the unassisted TPB (p = .171). This study provides preliminary evidence that the unassisted TPB may not be any more helpful for improving tongue-base retraction than normal swallowing. Adding resistance to the TPB by holding the tongue with gauze may be an effective alternative. This study also demonstrates proof-of-concept for creating a device to attach to the tongue and provide tension resistance during the TPB exercise. Further research with a more sophisticated design is needed before such a device can be fully developed and implemented clinically.
Subcutaneous Glucose is More Advantageous in Establishing the Posthatch Poult than Oral Administration

Poults have been shown to have low carbohydrate reserve after hatching, and glucose at this time improves early performance. Present experimentation examined the effects of .5 mL of 50% glucose in saline 2 h after subcutaneous injection (s.c.) at the base of the head or given as an oral gavage. Timing of administration and slaughter corresponded to when poults would encounter antibiotic-vitamin injection at the hatchery and the subsequent stress of transportation. Live weight after treatments was greater for poults given s.c. glucose than those untreated, whereas oral dosing led to a loss in weight. This weight loss could be wholly attributed to decreased carcass moisture. The s.c. glucose increased yolk sac resorption, and s.c. and oral glucose improved accretion of crude protein and ether extract by the yolk sac and liver-free carcass. Liver glycogen and blood glucose increased to a greater extent from s.c. than from oral glucose. Loss of body water after oral glucose and the poults' reduced efficacy in improving carbohydrate status might be attributed to an immature intestine.
Effect of alcohol on PPARγ and osteocalcin mRNA expression in multipotential stem cell from bone marrow

Aim: To observe the effect of alcohol on PPARγ and osteocalcin mRNA expression in multipotential stem cell from bone marrow named D1 cell. Methods: D1 cells were maintained in culture and treated with 0(control), 0.09, 0.15, and 0.21 mol/L ethanol daily for 14 days. The effect of ethanol on adipogenesis was examined by detecting the accumulation of triglyceride vesicles winthin the cells by phase contrast microscopy and Sudan IV staining. The percentage of adipocytes was calculated by using computer image analysis software. The level of PPARγ and osteocalcin mRNA expression was investigated by RT-PCR. Results: On day 14, there were few adipocytes in the control cells and a large number of adipocytes in the cells treated with ethanol. The percentage of adipocytes in culture increased when the cells were treated with higher concentrations of ethanol, which showed a dose-dependent relation (P 0.001). The expression of osteocalcin mRNA of treatment with 0.09, 0.15, and 0.21 mol/L ethanol decreased by 38%, 43%, and 54%,respectively, compared with control cells (P 0.001). While expression of PPARγ mRNA did not change compared mith control cells ( P 0.05). Conclusion: Alcohol can induce the differentiation of multipotential stem cell from bone marrow (D1) into adipocytes, suggesting that adipogenesis is brought about by the action of ethanol downstream in the fatty acid metabolism pathway, which may be a major factor contributing to alcohol-related osteonecrosis.
Investigation on AIDS infection status among children of infectors and patients with HIV/AIDS in two prefectures of Xinjiang

Objective To fully understand and master AIDS infection status among children of infectors and patients with HIV/AIDS in two prefectures of Xinjiang,in order to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures in future.Methods Children of infectors and patients with HIV/AIDS were taken as research object in 16 counties of Urumqi and Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang.After informed consent was obtained from HIV/AIDS patients or their families,consultation and blood testing were performed.Results Out of the 659 children,there were 15 of the positive detection for HIV with the positive rate of 2.28%.Most of them were Uygur patients(86.7%).Conclusions The further measures should be implemented to carry out "Every pregnancy will be checked" in Xinjiang,enhance health education of HIV/AIDS in patients and their families,improve knowledge level and deepen intervention strategy of AIDS.
Mineral Wealth and Budget Transparency

How does a country’s mineral wealth affect the transparency of the government’s budget? Among democracies, a country’s mineral wealth is not convincingly related to the transparency of its government. But among autocracies, greater oil wealth is correlated with less fiscal transparency, while greater non-fuel mineral wealth is paradoxically associated with greater transparency. Explaining this pattern is a challenge: there is no prima facie evidence that it is driven by either membership in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, or by the need to attract foreign investment. There is some evidence that among autocracies, oil reduces transparency because it helps dictators stay in power.
Application of the aeroacoustic analogy to a shrouded, subsonic, radial fan

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the predictive capability of computational aeroacoustics with respect to a shrouded, subsonic, radial fan. A three dimensional unsteady fluid dynamics simulation was conducted to produce aerodynamic data used as the acoustic source for an aeroacoustics simulation. Two acoustic models were developed: one modeling the forces on the rotating fan blades as a set of rotating dipoles located at the center of mass of each fan blade and one modeling the forces on the stationary fan shroud as a field of distributed stationary dipoles. Predicted acoustic response was compared to experimental data measured at two operating speeds using three different outlet restrictions. The blade source model predicted overall far field sound power levels within 5 dB averaged over the six different operating conditions while the shroud model predicted overall far field sound power levels within 7 dB averaged over the same conditions. Doubling the density of the computational fluids mesh and using a scale adaptive simulation turbulence model increased broadband noise accuracy. However, computation time doubled and the accuracy of the overall sound power level prediction improved by only 1 dB.
ON MOVING STRIATIONS OF LOW PRESSURE MERCURY DISCHARGES

The authors examined the propagation velocity of the moving striations appearing in low-pressure mercury vapour discharge tubes in the case of direct current. They studied also the influence of the pressure of argon applied besides mercury on the mentioned velocity, when the vapour pressure of mercury was kept at an approximately constant value.
Students' self-perceptions of interprofessional education following participation on a diagnostic team for autism spectrum disorder

Interprofessional education is essential for producing future allied-health and education professionals. Unfortunately, opportunities for students to get authentic interprofessional field-based experiences are lacking. This pilot study explored students' self-perceptions towards interprofessional education (IPE) following participation on an interprofessional diagnostic team designed to rule in or out the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thirty-nine students from seven professions responded to a survey before and after completing this interprofessional education experience. The results indicated that the students' self-perceptions remained consistent during the experience. They reflected positive self-perceptions in the areas of collaboration, professional identity, and the desire to work with others, all in the context of an ASD-focused team. The findings suggest that students entering the IPE experience with positive expectations remained positive during the experience. This pilot study provides support for the benefits of providing students with the opportunity to engage in authentic collaborative practice when working with children with ASD.
Testing the Application of Warranting Theory to Online Third Party Marketplaces: The Effects of Information Uniqueness and Product Type

Online third party marketplaces link buyers and sellers by providing a neutral platform for exchange. However, this requires buyers to assess the quality of goods without being able to handle or sample them. Recent research has proposed extending the warranting principle, an emerging theory of online interpersonal impression formation, to the judgements consumer make about products online. The warranting principle holds that information that is more difficult to manufacture or manipulate, such as an individualized photo of an auction item, should be more informative to a consumers judgement of the product than information which is easy to falsify or manipulate. While this theoretical extension assumes that all online goods are capable of being assessed in the same way, some goods (i.e. experience goods) are more difficult to assess in online marketplaces because they must be experienced before their true quality and characteristics can be known. The current study examines 2,401 completed auctions from eBay revealing that the relationship between warranting cues and price discounts is moderated by the type of good being sold. The theoretical contributions and limitations of the study are discussed.
Measurement of Fluctuation-Enhanced Conductivity Above Tc in Y-Ba-Cu-O

We have made careful measurements of the resistivity vs. temperature in a sample of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-δ and have fit the data to a theoretical expression for the fluctuation-enhanced conductivity in the normal state. From this fit, we infer a value for the zero-temperature Ginzberg-Landau coherence length ξ(0) of 21±5A.
Strength-Based versus Traditional Social-Emotional Reports: Impact on Multidisciplinary Team Members’ Perceptions:

This study examines how adding strength-based data to traditional data for a student with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) impacts multidisciplinary team (MDT) members’ perceptions. The par...
Constructing brand value proposition statements: a systematic literature review

This study examines the state of communicating the brand value proposition via a systematic literature review from research published in marketing journals from 1996 to 2015. A sample of 56 articles from high-quality marketing journals examines the components of the brand value proposition statement, applicable theories, and descriptive findings. There has been an increased interest in the research on brand value propositions as value creation becomes more customer-focused and value-based selling becomes more pervasive. This exploratory study suggests an ongoing need for examining the effectiveness of types of brand value propositions in terms of both the managerial process in which they are constructed as well as the precision of such brand promises on customer understanding. The paper concludes with a suggestion for more robust empirical research on the construction and deconstruction of brand value propositions, a need for more managerially focused research, and a future research that examines the under-researched area of how value propositions are effectively communicated on branded websites.
Illegality: A Contemporary Portrait of Immigration

On June 23, 2016, the Supreme Court decided, by a 4-4 vote, to uphold the decisions of the lower courts, blocking President Obama’s administrative actions on immigration. After years of congressional gridlock, the Obama plan would have bypassed Congress by expanding the 2012 Deferred Action for
Is there a role for video-assisted thoracic surgery in chest wall surgery?

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has been used in the treatment of lung cancer since the early 1990s. This approach was both popularized and perfected by Robert McKenna and has revolutionized the field of thoracic surgery. With the evolution of thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer and its use for increasingly complex problems and difficult situations, the indications to convert to an open operation are continually decreasing. Moreover, thoracoscopic approaches can enhance your ability to perform an operation. In this article we will discuss the role of VATS in lobectomy with en bloc chest wall resection, in first rib resection for thoracic outlet syndrome, and rib resection for bone metastasis.
Suboptimal l∞ → l∞ Control of Switched Linear Models: a Superstability Approach

Abstract In this paper we consider the problem of designing an observer-based controller for switched linear systems under arbitrary switching, with guaranteed l∞ → l∞ performance. It is shown that, by using the concepts of polyhedral Lyapunov functions and superstability, the problem can be recast into a nonconvex constrained Polynomial Optimization Problem (POP). In turn, this problem can be relaxed into a sequence of convex Semi-Definite Programs (SDPs) by resorting to moments-based polynomial optimization techniques. Further, by exploiting the sparsity pattern exhibited by the problem, we show that the original POP can be equivalently reformulated as an SDP problem with a rank-1 constraint. An efficient algorithm is proposed to solve the later, by seeking low rank solution through re-weighted nuclear norm minimization.
Large Memristor Crossbars for Analog Computing

Memristor with tunable non-volatile resistance offers in-memory computing capability that avoids the von-Neumann bottleneck. However, large-scale experimental demonstration to this end is yet to be implemented due to the immaturity of the device and integration technologies. Here in this paper we report our recent process in analog computing using analog-voltage-amplitude-vector input and analog-memristor-conductance matrix, with applications in signal and image processing. The vector matrix multiplication is processed in the memristor crossbars in one step, with 5–8 bit precision depending on the array size. The demonstration is made possible by high memristor yield (99.8%), stable multilevel memresistance states, linear current-voltage (IV) relation in the operation range, and low wire resistance between the cells.
Reframing Schooling to Liberate Gender Identity

Gender and gender identity are policed by the social environment in myriad ways. For those who challenge normative binaries, they can be positioned to experience different forms of violence. Though mindsets, social movements, and changes in policies have spurred material, social, and economic gains for those who challenge expectations of gender identity binaries, schools continue to inherit dichotomous messages about gender identity. On one hand, schools are expanding anti-bullying policies by enumerating gender identities, shifting names of Gay-Straight to Queer and Sexuality Alliances to attend to intersectional identities, addressing gender identity concerns in professional development trainings, but the field of teacher education has yet to systemically and longitudinally address gender identity for students from pre-K to university levels. As a result, educators are left ill-prepared about how to affirm and recognize gender identity in coursework, curriculum, and pedagogy. As we come to understand ho...
Valuation of Gender Differentiated Dairy Farming and Household Level Food Security Status in Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

This study was aimed at examining gender diversified dairy farming and household level food security status and determinants of dairy cattle benefits in Haramaya district, Oromia, Ethiopia, using cross sectional data collected from randomly selected 120 sample households during year 2016 production season. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models were employed for data analysis. Descriptive statistics stated that of the sample households, 71 households were found to be food secured whereas the remaining 49 household were food unsecured. Comparison of female headed and male headed dairy farming households indicated that 46.7 percent’s of female headed and 12.5 percent’s of male headed households were secured. The logistic regression result showed that female headed dairy farming participation was significantly influenced by education of household head, extension contact, cultivated land area, availability of supplementary feeds and access to market information. The impact estimation result showed that female headed have got increment in farm household’s food security status nearly by 66% than male headed households. The regression estimated coefficients indicated that dairy cattle benefits is significantly influenced by; education, access to vaccination, extension service, market information, cultivated area, milk sold on farm and fodder supplement were significant variables which affect the dairy cattle income in the study area. Therefore, policy makers should give due emphasis to the aforementioned variables to increase dairy farming benefits and improve the livelihood of rural households.
THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE IN APPLIED GEOGRAPHY

Applied geography has undergone remarkable changes in the last 20 years. Powerful new technologies have emerged that greatly improve the ability to collect, store, manage, view, analyze, and utilize information regarding the critical issues of our time. These technologies include geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), satellite-base remote sensing, and a great variety of remarkable software that allows for the analysis of the compelling problems. The issues include globalization, global warming, pollution, security, crime, public health, transportation, energy supplies, and population growth. Geographic Information Science (GIScience) has given rise to an essentially multidisciplinary approach to applied problems. No single person is expert in all of these areas. It is necessary to emphasize coordination and collaboration and to find the bridges that reduce the barriers between disciplines. In this chapter we briefly discuss the new technologies and the way in which they are being used to solve the critical issues. We then make suggestions for an applied geography future vis-a-vis the geographic information sciences.
A Fully Packaged 130-GHz QPSK Transmitter With an Integrated PRBS Generator

This letter presents a fully packaged 130-GHz QPSK transmitter (TX) with an on-package Vivaldi antenna for high-density dielectric waveguide (DWG) chip-to-chip and board-to-board interconnects. The TX chip contains a multiplier chain for the local oscillator path, up-conversion mixers, and a two-stage power amplifier. For testing, the chip also includes two $2^{7} - 1$ sequence-programmable high-speed pseudo-random bit generators, each capable of generating 18 Gb/s (limited by test equipment) at energy efficiency of 0.7 pJ/bit. The fully packaged TX achieves a data rate of 36 Gb/s over a 1-m-long DWG link, leading to energy efficiency of 6 pJ/bit.
First Order Linear Difference Equations and Patterns of Periodic Solutions

Our goal of this chapter is to understand how to solve first order linear difference equations explicitly (by induction) and to study the periodic traits and patterns of first order linear difference equations. In addition, we will break up this chapter into three sections: Periodic Solutions of First Order Linear Homogeneous Difference Equations, First Order Nonhomogeneous Difference Equations, and First Order Nonautonomous Linear Difference Equations.