cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Detection Platform for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters

To ensure both performance and security of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters,a detection platform for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters is researched and developed;the testing method and procedures of grid-connected photovoltaic inverter are analyzed and the development course of this detection platform is described in detail.The detection platform consists of control computer,data acquisition system,RS 485 and general-purpose interface bus(GPIB) system.In this platform,the solar-cell panel is simulated by programmable DC source,the power grid characteristics of power grid by programmable DC source and the load characteristic by programmably controlled RLC load.The whole detection system is controlled by LabVIEW software interface,the communication among instruments is implemented by RS 485 and GPIB bus,thus the automation level of this platform is evidently enhanced.The proposed detection platform can be used in the electric performance testing of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters,testing of protection function,testing of electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) and so on.Practical application shows that the configuration of this detection platform is rational and reliable,and its detection results are accurate.
Application of Turbine Hydraulic Coupling Bolt

Along with the development of large steam turbine coupling in our country,there are larger size steam turbine rotor coupling bolts,difficult to dismantle shaft coupling bolts,bolt damages thereof has been perplexing power plant for installation and maintenance work.Foreign large generating sets and large ship coupling bolts use hydraulic tensile,overcoming technical difficulties,and this technology in domestic is still a blank.This paper mainly introduces the designing by technical staff to produce strecching hydraulic bolts on the wheel,instead of the conventional coupling bolts,and successful application examples to HPI Dalian Power Plant 350 MW unit.
Biographical Background and Analytical Analysis

Leon Hirsch Keyserling was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on January 2, 1908, the son of a prominent Jewish family; and lived his first eight years in St. Helena Island, South Carolina, near Beaufort, South Carolina. His father, William Keyserling, was a prosperous and influential farmer, growing and marketing fruits and vegetables. After Leon Keyserling’s graduation from high school in Beaufort in 1924, he went to Columbia University in New York City and became a student of Rexford Guy Tugwell. Later, he received a Law degree from Harvard University before returning to Columbia University to work on his Doctorate in Economics, which he never finished. However, during that time, he was busy helping Rexford Tugwell in his writing; and in doing his own writings. And later, as he often said, he was busy composing and lobbying for legislation concerning the Labor acts, the Housing acts, the Employment act, etalius, which, to him, outweighed a dissertation. Later, he became Vice Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors to the President and succeeded to its Chairmanship after Edwin Nourse’s resignation, partly for Nourse’s refusal to testify on economic policy matters before Congress – a task Keyserling considered both a necessity and a duty in order to support the President’s economic policies before Congress and the Nation.
Decision Making for Ordinary People

This chapter will consider how to minimize problems of multidimensionality, missing information, conflicting constraints in allocation, and prediction by utilizing P/G% solftware/methodology in such personal decision making as career decisions, allocating lottery winnings and predicting when one is likely to be given a speeding ticket.
Mobile App Support for Electric Vehicle Drivers: A Review of Today’s Marketplace and Future Directions

Mobile device applications (apps) are becoming an important source of information, control, and motivation for EV drivers. Here we review the current ecosystem of mobile applications that are available for EV drivers and consumers and find that apps are available in six basic categories: purchase decisions, vehicle dashboards, charging availability and payment, smart grid interaction, route planning, and driver competitions. The current range of the EV-specific mobile marketplace extends from pre-sale consumer information, charging information and control, and EV specific navigation features among other services. However, the market is highly fragmented, with applications providing niche information, and using various methodologies. In addition, we find that the barriers to more useful apps are a lack of vehicle and charger APIs (application programming interfaces), lack of data availability, reliability, format and types, and proprietary payment and billing methods. We conclude that mobile applications for EVs are a growing market that provide important direct benefits as well as ancillary services to EV owners, although the lack of uniformity and standards between both vehicle and charger systems is a serious barrier to the broader use of mobile applications for EVs.
Thrifts and Banks in Turmoil

If there ever were a case for an economic theory of chaos and turmoil, it would seem that the U.S. banking system and the savings and loan industry are the prime candidates. Rocked by corruption, scandals, and bancruptcies in the 1980s and early 1990s, these financial institutions were brought to the brink of the abyss.
Music education in Montessori schools: An exploratory study of school directors’ perceptions in the United States:

This exploratory study examined the changing role of music education and the availability of musical experiences for students attending Montessori schools in the Midwestern United States. On a surv...
Visible and sunlight driven RAFT photopolymerization accelerated by amines: kinetics and mechanism

Recently, photochemical polymerizations have received interest since they can be performed under mild conditions and they offer temporal control over the reaction. In this study, the kinetics of photochemical dithiobenzoate-mediated RAFT polymerization in the presence of triethylamine is explored. This system uses mild light sources such as visible light and sunlight, and does not require the use of expensive or rare earth catalysts. Instead triethylamine is combined with reagents used in RAFT polymerization. This study investigates the effects of light source, RAFT chain transfer agent concentration, and amine concentration, to understand the kinetic contributions of each component and possible mechanism of this process. Data suggests that there is electron transfer from the amine to the excited RAFT end-group, which is the major radical generation pathway. Radicals are also generated directly from the excited RAFT end-group. This method yields living polymers as evidenced by the synthesis of well-defined block copolymers.
Abstract 1851: Estradiol-inducible dependence receptor UNC5a restricts estrogen receptor activity and imparts estradiol dependence to breast cancer cells

Signaling by Dependence Receptors (DRs) is a new paradigm in cell signaling and recently has been recognized to play a major role in cancers. DRs are cell surface receptors that function as tumor suppressors or induce apoptosis when disengaged from their ligands. In the presence of ligands, these receptors transmit proliferation, migratory, and anti-apoptotic signals thus creating a cellular state that is dependent on ligands for survival. This study was focused on regulation of their expression in breast cancer. We observed that UNC5a, a DR, and its ligand Netrin-1 (NTN1) are estradiol (E2)-inducible depending on cell types. Since E2 and its receptor estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) are major signaling hubs in ERα-positive breast cancers, we examined the function of UNC5a in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Knockdown of UNC5a resulted in deregulated expression of E2-regulated genes, E2-independent and anti-estrogen-resistant growth in vitro, and E2-indpendent tumor formation in xenograft models. RNA-seq analyses of parental and UNC5a knockdown cells with or without E2 treatment revealed ∼ 10-fold increase in number of E2-regulated genes in UNC5a knockdown cells compared with parental cells. The basal expression of E2-inducible anti-apoptotic BCL-2 was elevated >30-fold at mRNA and/or protein levels in UNC5a knockdown cells compared with vector control cells. In addition, UNC5a knockdown resulted in aberrant NF-κB signaling, which is typically under negative regulation by ERα:E2. Furthermore, UNC5a knockdown cells showed elevated expression of p63, a p53 family transcription factor that promotes breast epithelial stem cell maintenance and basal-like breast cancer. Consistent with the known role of NF-κB and p63 in cancer stem cells, UNC5a-knockdown cells displayed cancer stem cell phenotype as evident from ∼3-fold increase in the number of CD44+/CD24+ and CD44+/EpCAM+ subpopulation compared with parental cells. Overall, our results suggest that E2 induces UNC5a expression as a negative regulatory loop to restrict or fine tune ERα:E2 signaling and maintain luminal phenotype. Loss or mutation of UNC5a, as observed frequently in cancer, could lead to unrestricted E2:ERα signaling and anti-estrogen resistant growth while simultaneously enabling ERα-positive luminal breast cancer cells to acquire basal-like and cancer stem cell-like features. This work is supported by grants from the Susan G. Komen for the Cure (SAC110025 to HN) Citation Format: Poornima Bhat-Nakshatri, Manjushree Anjanappa, Yangyang Hao, Howard Edenberg, Yunlong Liu, Harikrishna Nakshatri. Estradiol-inducible dependence receptor UNC5a restricts estrogen receptor activity and imparts estradiol dependence to breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1851. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1851
Vagal nerve stimulation modifies neuronal activity and the proteome of excitatory synapses of amygdala/piriform cortex

Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Therapy® is a United States Food and Drug Administration approved neurotherapeutic for medically refractory partial epilepsy and treatment-resistant depression. The molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are unclear. We hypothesized that one mechanism involves neuronal activity-dependent modifications of central nervous system excitatory synapses. To begin to test this hypothesis, we asked whether VNS modifies the activity of neurons in amygdala and hippocampus. Neuronal recordings from adult, freely moving rats revealed that activity in both amygdala and hippocampus was modified by VNS immediately after its application, and changes were detected following 1 week of stimulation. To investigate whether VNS modifies the proteome of excitatory synapses, we established a label-free, quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry workflow that enables global analysis of the constituents of the postsynaptic density (PSD) proteome. PSD proteins were biochemically purified from amygdala/piriform cortex of VNS- or dummy-treated rats following 1-week stimulation, and individual PSD protein levels were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. We identified 1899 unique peptides corresponding to 425 proteins in PSD fractions, of which expression levels of 22 proteins were differentially regulated by VNS with changes greater than 150%. Changes in a subset of these proteins, including significantly increased expression of neurexin-1α, cadherin 13 and voltage-dependent calcium channel α2δ1, the primary target of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin, and decreased expression of voltage-dependent calcium channel γ3, were confirmed by western blot analysis of PSD samples. These results demonstrate that VNS modulates excitatory synapses through regulating a subset of the PSD proteome. Our study reveals molecular targets of VNS and point to possible mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects, including activity-dependent formation of excitatory synapses.
High order surface radiation conditions for time-harmonic waves in exterior domains

Abstract We formulate a new family of high order on-surface radiation conditions to approximate the outgoing solution to the Helmholtz equation in exterior domains. Motivated by the pseudo-differential expansion of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator developed by Antoine et al. (1999), we design a systematic procedure to apply pseudo-differential symbols of arbitrarily high order. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method for solving both the Dirichlet and the Neumann boundary value problems. Possible improvements and extensions are also discussed.
Steps in a Translational Cancer Gene Therapy Trial

This chapter reviews the requisite steps in a translational cancer gene therapy trial. As with all clinical trials, translational cancer gene therapy trials require clear concise objectives and endpoints. Several unique factors exist with gene therapy trials that must be considered prior to trial development, including the type of vector desired, the delivery mechanism and the different gene therapy strategies required for gene product expression. Progression of cancer gene therapy trials from the preclinical phase to the post approval phase IV stage require a careful strategy to meet the strict regulatory requirements at both the federal and local institutional level. Safety monitoring is especially important with gene therapy trials because of the high visibility of gene therapy trials and the impact on the trial, patient, and the gene therapy field in general if adverse events occur. Financial considerations should be addressed at the outset because of the increased costs associated with a translational gene therapy trial.
Modeling CO2 Transport and Sorption in Carbon Slit Pores

The need to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing society. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to mitigate gigatons of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and is regarded as a key method for global-scale CO2 emissions reduction. Understanding CO2 adsorption and transport is crucial to the development of successful carbon capture and storage technologies. This work investigates the use of an improved potential model to directly treat CO2 electrostatic and geometric properties, thereby more accurately describing the fluid–fluid and fluid–wall interactions that determine adsorption capacity and dynamics. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations are conducted to investigate pore entrance effects on transport through carbon pores. CO2 interactions with pure and hydroxyl-functionalized slit and step carbon pores are simulated to investigate pore entrance effects and trade-offs among pore size, chemistry, capacity, and transport. ...
Measles Vaccination is Best for Children: The Argument for Relying on Herd Immunity Fails.

This article examines an argument which may negatively influence measles vaccination uptake. According to the argument, an individual child in a highly vaccinated society may be better off by being non-vaccinated; the child does not risk vaccine adverse effects and is protected against measles through herd immunity. Firstly, the conclusion of the argument is challenged by showing that herd immunity’s protection is unreliable and inferior to vaccination. Secondly, the logic of the argument is challenged by showing that the argument is inherently self-defeating and therefore logically inconsistent. In practice the argument cannot be used to protect children against measles. Measles vaccination is undoubtedly best for children, even in highly vaccinated societies. Only if a medical contraindication to vaccination exists should vaccination be waived in favour of reliance on herd immunity. This places obligations on those who stand in care relationships with the child: parents, healthcare providers, and the state.
Evolution dependence of vanadium nitride nanoprecipitates on directionality of ion irradiation

Abstract The influence of the directionality of Fe2+ ion irradiation on the evolution of vanadium nitride platelet–shaped nanoprecipitates at 500 °C was investigated in a ferritic alloy using transmission electron microscopy. When the ion-irradiation direction was approximately aligned with the initial particle length, particles grew longer and sectioned into shorter lengths at higher doses, resulting in increased particle densities. As ion-irradiation direction deviated from particle-length direction, some particles sectioned lengthwise and then dissolved, resulting in decreased particle densities. Surviving particles were transformed into parallelograms with a different orientation relationship with the matrix. Nanoprecipitate evolution dependence on beam-nanoprecipitate orientation is a process that may be different from reactor irradiation.
Maintaining residential normalcy through self-initiated assimilative and accommodative coping while aging-in-place

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this qualitative study was to develop a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of aging-in-place from the perspective of the oldest-old who are experiencing it. The consequences of several converging conditions were explored: a fervent desire to remain at home until life’s end, the natural progressive decline related to aging, and the adaptiveness that is intrinsically inherent in human functioning. This study explored the adaptations that elders themselves initiated in response to ever-declining abilities and limitations associated with age while remaining in the same long-occupied home. Interviews were conducted with 10 participants between 88 and 100 years of age to yield rich, person-centered, and contextualized data about their experiences and means of coping. All were widowed and living alone, and the duration of occupancy within their present home ranged from 43 to 68 years. This long tenure within their place of residence allowed for an analysis of behavioral and attitude ad...
Unraveling the Epidemiology of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection.

Sonawane and colleagues used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011 to 2014) to analyze differences between men and women in the prevalence of oral HPV infection and t...
Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences in CVD Risk: Behavioral and Psychosocial Risk and Resilience

Behavioral and psychosocial factors are well-established determinants of cardiovascular disease burden. These factors exert direct effects as well as interact with traditional risk factors to negatively, and positively, influence CVD outcomes. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of key behavioral and psychosocial CVD risk factors with a focus on sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic variations in prevalence and impact. This review includes a discussion of specific behaviors, clustered risk such as the American Heart Association’s (AHA) ideal cardiovascular health metrics, psychosocial stress and clinical syndromes. We conclude with a review of emerging psychosocial resilience factors and recommendations for care.
Design of Microscale Magnetic Tumbling Robots for Locomotion in Multiple Environments and Complex Terrains

This paper presents several variations of a microscale magnetic tumbling ( μ TUM) robot capable of traversing complex terrains in dry and wet environments. The robot is fabricated by photolithography techniques and consists of a polymeric body with two sections with embedded magnetic particles aligned at the ends and a middle nonmagnetic bridge section. The robot’s footprint dimensions are 400 μ m × 800 μ m. Different end geometries are used to test the optimal conditions for low adhesion and increased dynamic response to an actuating external rotating magnetic field. When subjected to a magnetic field as low as 7 mT in dry conditions, this magnetic microrobot is able to operate with a tumbling locomotion mode and translate with speeds of over 60 body lengths/s (48 mm/s) in dry environments and up to 17 body lengths/s (13.6 mm/s) in wet environments. Two different tumbling modes were observed and depend on the alignment of the magnetic particles. A technique was devised to measure the magnetic particle alignment angle relative to the robot’s geometry. Rotational frequency limits were observed experimentally, becoming more prohibitive as environment viscosity increases. The μ TUM’s performance was studied when traversing inclined planes (up to 60°), showing promising climbing capabilities in both dry and wet conditions. Maximum open loop straight-line trajectory errors of less than 4% and 2% of the traversal distance in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, for the μ TUM were observed. Full directional control of μ TUM was demonstrated through the traversal of a P-shaped trajectory. Additionally, successful locomotion of the optimized μ TUM design over complex terrains was also achieved. By implementing machine vision control and/or embedding of payloads in the middle section of the robot, it is possible in the future to upgrade the current design with computer-optimized mobility through multiple environments and the ability to perform drug delivery tasks for biomedical applications.
Branching ratio and asymmetry for Ξ 0 →Λγ

We have measured the branching ratio \ensuremath{\Gamma}(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\gamma})/\ensuremath{\Gamma}(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$) to be [1.06\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12(stat)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11(syst)]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. In 670 000 \ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\gamma} candidates we found 116\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}13 ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\gamma} decays (background subtracted). These compare with 29 510 ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ events reconstructed from the \ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma} sample. Monte Carlo studies gave the relative acceptances for the two processes. The helicity of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} yielded the product of asymmetry parameters \ensuremath{\alpha}(\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$)\ensuremath{\alpha}(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\gamma})=0.27\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28, which implies \ensuremath{\alpha}(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\gamma})=0.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.44, where the uncertainty is all statistical.
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors potentiate receptor tyrosine kinase therapies in bladder cancer cells in vitro

Purpose Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) are used as targeted therapies for patients diagnosed with cancer with highly expressed receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Kit receptor. Resistance to targeted therapies is partially due to the activation of alternative pro-survival signaling pathways, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. In this study, we validated the effects of two RTKIs, axitinib and AB1010, in combination with COX inhibitors on the V-akt murine thymoma oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) and COX-2 signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells. Methods The expression of several RTKs and their downstream signaling targets was analyzed by Western blot (WB) analysis in human and canine bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines. The effects of RTKIs and COX inhibitors in bladder TCC cells were assessed by MTS for cell viability, by Caspase-3/7 and Annexin V assay for apoptosis, by WB analysis for detection of COX-2 and Akt signaling pathways, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Results All tested TCC cells expressed the c-Kit and PDGFRα receptors, except human 5637 cells that had low RTKs expression. In addition, all tested cells expressed COX-1, COX-2, Akt, extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhance of activated B cells proteins, except human UM-UC-3 cells, where no COX-2 expression was detected by WB analysis. Both RTKIs inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in tested bladder TCC cells, which positively correlated with their expression levels of the PDGFRα and c-Kit receptors. RTKIs increased the expression of COX-2 in h-5637 and K9TCC#1Lillie cells. Co-treatment of indomethacin inhibited AB1010-induced COX-2 expression leading to an additive effect in inhibition of cell viability and PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Conclusion Co-treatment of RTKIs with indomethacin inhibited cell viability and AB1010-induced COX-2 expression resulting in decreased PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Thus, COX inhibition may further potentiate RTKIs therapies in bladder cancer.
Microvascular surgery for trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal pain is described as sudden, severe, unilateral, brief, recurrent episodes of sharp shooting pain in the distribution of one or more of the trigeminal branches. The incidence is 5 in 100,000. Pain can be a sequel to normal stimuli such as eating or shaving. This pain is thought to be related to nerve compression by an artery or vein at the nerve dorsal root entry zone. In theory, the compression produces demyelination of nerve fibers, which can affect transmission, processing, and interpretation of impulses. The entry zone was first observed by Dandy in 1929. Later, NM Dott proposed demyelination at the entry zone as the cause of pain which Gardner described as a short circuit of afferent stimuli. In addition, King suggested a central mechanism for pain in the trigeminal distribution and Jannetta promoted microvascular decompression (MVD) as an effective treatment [1]. Left untreated, the patient with trigeminal neuralgia proceeds to have shorter intervals free of pain and may progress to have another more complicated type 2 pain syndrome. Patients who fail medical management either because of pain control or excessive side effects are candidates for surgical treatment. An extensive radiological exam may include reliable 3D high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with constructive interference in steady state (CISS) or fast imaging employing steady state acquisition sequence (FIESTA) that can identify the location and degree of compression at the entry zone. The clinical diagnosis combined with this expanded radiological exam will lead to better preoperative planning and an improved surgical outcome [2, 3].
'How Many People Want to Talk about Kant Today?': Prosody and the Distribution of Attention in Discourse

In a now famous example of conceptual blending, a philosophy professor stages a verbal debate with Kant, animating him some moments, so his students can witness 'first-hand' the error of his ways (cf. Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 49). This example suggests that we construct meaning through selective projection of elements and relations from mental spaces into a blended space with conceptual content of its own and which aides us in thinking, speaking, deciding, and acting. The example, though an attested report of a real philosophy lecture, appears in Fauconnier and Turner stripped bare of many discursive features of its enactment, a necessary casualty of theory building. The "Debate with Kant" is only one of numerous similar instances of fictive interaction (Pascual 2004); in fact, another fictive interaction with Kant exists in all its particulars in the Michigan Corpus of Spoken Academic English. In this instance, a graduate student instructs her students in the finer points of Kant's transcendental argument by becoming Kant and interacting with the students themselves - all of which is caught on audio tape. Its existence provides a signal opportunity to "thicken" accounts of discursive processes involving conceptual blends by taking prosodic features into account. Prosody, as Chafe (1994) has noted, reflects a speaker's changing centers of interest during the act of speaking, revealing the speaker's moment-by-moment distribution of attention among an array of networked mental spaces. Patient analysis of the speaker's vocal prominences and stress patterns clues us into the dynamic patterns of meaning construction in real-time situations. What appear at first blush to be idiosyncratic vocal features turn out on closer inspection to systematically determine the flow of information and attention during the graduate student's enactment of Kant. This paper identifies five distinct prosodic features of the speaker's voice - deceleration; sing-song pronunciation; intonation peaks; stop-clipped terminals; and creaky voice - and then discusses the functional characteristics of each as managers of information flow. For instance, the speaker uses deceleration as a summarizing device, packaging given information in new verbiage, and uses creaky voice when making verbal asides. While prosodic features often serve as identifying markers of individual verbal style (e.g., "I know her from her creaky voice"), the systematic analysis of their occurrence over a single stretch of discourse offers a window into the way individuals uses these features to direct the attention of their interlocutors and manage the flow of information among an array of mental spaces. A thick description of one such instance takes its place among other attempts to develop and refine mental spaces theories of discourse and interaction.
Can they stop the bleed? Evaluation of tourniquet application by individuals with varying levels of prior self-reported training

Abstract Background Application of extremity tourniquets is a central tenet of multiple national initiatives to empower laypersons to provide hemorrhage control (HC). However, the efficacy of the general population who self-report prior first-aid (FA) or HC training on individual’s ability to control bleeding with a tourniquet remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of laypeople with self-reported prior FA or HC training to control bleeding with a tourniquet. Study Design Employees of a stadium were assessed via simulation in their ability to apply a Combat Application Tourniquet. As a subgroup analysis of a larger study, participants who self-reported: 1) No prior training, 2) FA training only or 2) FA + HC training were compared. Logistic regression adjusting for age, gender, education, willingness-to-assist, and comfort level in HC was performed. Results 317 participants were included. Compared to participants with no prior training (14.4%,n = 16/111), those with FA training only (25.2%,n = 35/139) had a 2.12-higher odds (95%CI:1.07-4.18) of correct tourniquet application while those with FA + HC (35.8%,n = 24/67) had a 3.50-higher odds (95%CI:1.59-7.72) of correct application. Participants with prior FA + HC were more willing-to-assist and comfortable performing HC than those without prior training (p Conclusion Self-reported prior FA + HC training, while associated with increased likelihood to correctly apply a tourniquet, results in only 1/3 of individuals correctly performing the skill. As work continues in empowering and training laypeople to act as immediate responders, these findings highlight the importance of effective layperson education techniques.
Microplastic biofilm in fresh- and wastewater as a function of microparticle type and size class

Microplastics are pollutants of concern in the freshwater and marine environments. These microparticles carry biofilm communities unique from the surrounding water. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of source water quality, microparticle type (i.e., different polymers and morphologies), and microparticle size on the resulting biofilm microbial communities. Of particular interest was determining whether microbial agents were concentrated in these biofilm communities. A series of batch reactors were prepared to investigate the microbial communities observed in wastewater or river water compared to those in biofilm on microplastic or glass microspheres via amplicon sequencing. Sampling was performed after 48 h. qPCR was also performed for a fecal indicator organism marker (BacHum) and sul1 antibiotic resistance gene. The biofilm community structures varied as a function of source water and as a function of microparticle type: polystyrene spheres had different microbial community structures from polyethylene microparticles. The differences observed between microparticle types may be due to the morphology/surface texture rather than polymer composition given that some glass microspheres had similar microbial communities to polystyrene microspheres. For a given microparticle type and source water, size (106–125 μm versus 355–425 μm for polystyrene microspheres, 125–250 μm versus 250–500 μm for polyethylene microparticles) did not significantly impact the microbial community structure. While the biofilm microbial communities differed from communities in the surrounding water, the biofilm did not have a higher relative abundance of the indicator organism marker or sul1 genes than the reactor filtrate.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Measurement and Monitoring Systems and Frameworks for Assessing Implementation and Adaptation of Prevention Programs.

The current field of prevention science boasts an increasing armamentarium of effective preventive interventions, reflecting the growing promise of the field. However, we have yet to achieve significant scale with the most efficacious interventions, limiting the potential impact of prevention on population and public health. Further, there is considerable evidence that the goals of scale and quality often seem to work in opposition; implementation quality and fidelity suffer as preventive interventions increase in scale, potentially diminishing returns. As prevention science continues to mature, the growing arena of implementation science has accelerated the pace at which these challenges are being addressed. We believe the field has entered an important new era, reflected by the growing number and sophistication of systems, tools, and processes aimed at increasing scalability without sacrificing high-quality implementation. Many researchers and research teams are working in isolation to address this important challenge. It is our hope that the pace of advancement can be increased by promoting a broader discussion across many researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. This special issue of the Journal of Primary Prevention, focusing on measurement and monitoring systems and frameworks for assessing implementation and adaptation of prevention programs, offers some empirical examples that demonstrate the growth and development of prevention and implementation science and practice, as these fields move us closer to scalable systems and practices in applied contexts. The collection of articles in this special issue reflect the diversity of contexts in which these challenges are being addressed and the important underlying questions that must be answered as preventive interventions seek scale with quality.
Consent in the Exam Room.

Abstract Introduction Explicitly obtaining consent from a patient prior to starting a sensitive physical exam is essential to improve their experience with intimate examinations such as the genitourinary exam. Aim The purpose of this article is to raise awareness among providers about how and why to obtain consent for intimate examinations. Methods The current literature on consent was reviewed and the opinion piece was created using current events and literature. Results Providers have a responsibility to consent patients for a sensitive exam. Conclusion Explicitly obtaining consent from a patient priro to starting a sensitive physical exam such as a genitourinary exam is essential to improve the patient experience with such exams. Keller JM. Consent in the Exam Room. J Sex Med 2019;16:618–620.
Critical Error 4 Losing the Audience from the Start

How many times have you seen a presenter project a title slide and then quickly remove it before you had the chance to fathom what the presentation was really about? Or how many times have you had a presenter overwhelm you with an outline list of presentation topics, more than half of which you were unable to remember not one minute after this mapping slide had been removed? Such are the trademarks of presentations in which the presenter leaves the audience behind at the beginning.
Abstracting Interactions with IoT Devices Towards a Semantic Vision of Smart Spaces

This paper describes a middleware framework for IoT smart spaces, SemIoTic, that provides application developers and end-users with the semantic domain-relevant view of the smart space, hiding the complexity of having to deal with/understand lower-level information generated by sensors and actuators. SemIoTic uses a meta-model, based on the popular SOSA/SSN ontology with some extensions, to represent relationships between the low-level IoT devices' world (i.e., devices, observations) and semantic concepts (i.e., users and spaces and their observable attributes). It supports a language using which users can express their action requirements (i.e., requests for sensor data, commands for actuators, and privacy preferences) in terms of user-friendly high-level concepts. We present an ontology-based algorithmic approach to translate user-defined actions into sensor/actuators commands. Finally, our end-to-end approach includes a cross-layer solution to provide interoperability with diverse IoT devices and their data exchange protocols.
Forecasting Seniors Housing Demand

While the elderly population (defined as age 65 and older) of the United States is expected to grow substantially over the next 25 years, it is less clear how much and what types of housing demand this diverse group will generate. This is true, in part, because the demand for housing by the senior population is jointly dependent upon the type and level of personal services the householder requires, which in turn is dependent upon household location, gender, and age, among other variables. Applying a nested multinomial logit model to U. S. Census data and demographic forecasts, a set of demand forecasts for seniors housing through 2020 is created. In brief, the forecasts indicate that overall seniors housing demand will grow substantially, but differentially by product type (i.e., nursing homes, bed and care, congregate care, and assisted living) over the next 25 years. The largest growth in demand will occur for assisted living seniors housing, especially in the second decade of the twenty-first century. The growing demand will average a little less than 10% annually of the existing seniors housing each year over the next 25 years.
Intimate Partner Violence in the Adolescent

Intimate partner violence among adolescents (also called adolescent relationship abuse or teen dating violence) is common and is associated with poor health and social outcomes. Pediatric providers are uniquely positioned to offer universal education (anticipatory guidance) about healthy and unhealthy relationships to all their adolescent patients. Pediatric practices can ensure that youth know about available resources and supports for relationship abuse (for themselves or for their friends) and can facilitate safe connections to victim service advocates.
The Power to Selectively Reveal Oneself: Privacy Protection among Hacker-activists

Privacy advocates and hacker activists (‘hacktivists’) oppose biometric technologies, such as electronic fingerprinting and facial recognition, that are increasingly used to sort and identify peopl...
Applications in Control Theory and Operations Research

The theory of feedback and optimal control, originally developed for and applied very successfully in engineering has found many applications in dynamic economics over the last three decades. Our understanding of dynamic economic systems in the form of difference or differential equations over time has been greatly enhanced by developments in control theory, specifically in three areas: (1) the theory of econometric estimation for dynamic models involving e.g. nonstationary errors and time-varying parameters, (2) the choice between alternafive models for specification of the structural aspects of an economy and (3) finally the theory of economic policy which deals with the problem of choosing optimal instruments or controls. Information theory has a direct bearing on each of these areas of control problems: the choice of models, the method of estimation and the choice of the optimal control. The reason is two-fold. One is that the state variable is not completely known without an error; hence optimal control rules are usually conditional on all information in the past. The effect of new information which is evolving over time has to be allowed for in the model specification and estimation. This calls for adaptive estimation methods known as Kalman and Wiener filtering methods. To characterize this information set one may profitably use the entropy approach. Secondly, the specification of optimal control under conditions of imperfect information structure also assumes an adaptive character.
Coyote urine, but not 2-phenylethylamine, induces a complete profile of unconditioned anti-predator defensive behaviors.

Abstract Predator odors from various sources (e.g. fur/skin, urine, feces) provide prey animals valuable information that allows them to gage potential environmental threat via the detection of semiochemicals called kairomones. However, studies in rodents have revealed inconsistent and often conflicting results, which may occur from any combination of factors, including source and freshness of the odorant, sex, and genetic strain of the prey animal and/or predator. Regardless of cause, few odorants tested, if any, have lived up to the potent unconditioned predator odor stimuli – cat fur/skin odor – that induces a complete profile of innate unconditioned defensive behaviors (e.g., avoidance, risk assessment and freezing) and produces rapid aversive conditioned responses, both of which are sensitive to standard anxiolytic/anxiogenic drugs. Therefore, the present study investigated the effectiveness of coyote urine and 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), two commercially available predator odor cues, in satisfying the first of these criteria in predator odor naive, adult male Long-Evans hooded rats. The data revealed that coyote urine, but not PEA, was effective in inducing a complete profile of anti-predator defensive behaviors characterized by avoidance, risk assessment, freezing and a reduction in exploratory behavior. We conclude that commercially available coyote urine satisfies the first criterion of a defense inducing unconditioned predator odor stimulus. In order to fully validate the use of coyote urine as an anxiety- and/or fear-like threat stimulus, future research needs to examine whether it produces aversive conditioning and whether the defensive profile induced by the odorant responds to standard anxiolytic drugs.
Effect of Planting Density on Yield and Photosynthate Production Characteristics in Different Types of Rice with Bowl Mechanical-Transplanting Method

In order to study the impacts of planting density of nutrition bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice on photosyn-thate production and yield,a field experiment was conducted using conventional japonica rice Nanjing 44,Wuyunjing 24,japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 8,Changyou 5,and indica hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu,II you 084 which have been widely grown in the southern China with high,medium and low density treatments of the different hill spacings in nutrition bowl mechanicaltransplanting(12 cm,14 cm,and 16 cm),and the conventional blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting as control.The results showed that,the tiller number of nutrition bowl mechanical-transplanting rice in the critical period and the declining rate of leaf area after heading decreased with the reduction of planting density,the productive tiller percentage increased significantly,while the chlorophyll content of flag leaf and the photosynthetic parameters presented the opposite trend.The dry matter weight of single stem,the matter transportation amount in stem and leaf,and the net assimilation rate were all the highest in the low density treatment,the medium in medium density treatment,and the lowest in high density treatment.After heading,the dry matter accumulation,population growth rate,photosynthetic potential and other indicators of conventional japonica rice decreased significantly with the reduction of planting density.The average dry matter weight of population in high density treatment at maturity stage was 11.8% and 8.9% higher than that in medium density treatment and low density treatment respectively,and without significant difference between the low density treatment and control.For the population growth indexes of hybrid rice,medium density treatment was the highest,and there was no significant difference between high density treatment and low density treatments.The actual yield in high density treatment was between that in medium and low density treatments,besides,that in high density treatment of indica hybrid rice was equal to that in low density treatment,but significantly lower than that in medium density treatment by 3.0%.Consequently,for conventional japonica rice and varieties with big panicle and numerous grain in agricultural production,the hill spacing of 12 centimeters could reach high yield,while for hybrid rice and big heavy panicle varieties,increasing the hill spacing appropriately was helpful to improve the percentage of spike-forming tillers and develop the advantage of panicle type,resalting in high yielding and high efficiency production.
Patterns of Differential Involvement in Terrorist Activities: Evidence from DHKP/C and Turkish Hezbollah

PATTERNS OF DIFFERENTIAL INVOLVEMENT IN TERRORIRST ACTIVITIES: EVIDENCE FORM DHKP/C AND TURKISH HEZBOLLAH CASES By Ismail Yilmaz, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Major Director: Dr. William W. Newmann, Ph.D., Professor of Political Science, L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs This study examines the patterns of involvement in terrorist activities for the Revolutionary People‘s Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C) and Turkish Hezbollah members. The study is based on the assumption that terrorists differ in terms of their involvement in terrorist activities. In this sense, there are full-time and part-time terrorists. Full-time terrorists act professionally and do the assignments given by their commanders. Part-time terrorists, on the other hand, act on a non-professional basis and have their own motivations to participate in terrorist activities. For part-timers, there are various factors that may have an effect on their degree of involvement in terrorist activities. Their decisions regarding whether to participate in a specific terrorist act can be influenced by individual factors as well as the instructions and assignments given to them. In this study, these factors are categorized under four different headings; demographic, relative deprivation, frustration, and social learning.