cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personalizing CS1 with robots

We have developed a CS1 curriculum that uses a robotics context to teach introductory programming [1]. Core to our approach is that each student has their own personal robot. Our robot and software have been specifically developed to support the needs of a CS1 curriculum. We frame traditional problems (robot control) in terms that are personal, relevant, and fun. Initial trial classes have shown that our approach is successful and adaptable.
True Propositions Not Invalidated by Defective Proofs

(1895). True Propositions Not Invalidated by Defective Proofs. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 111-112.
Cerambycid Borer in Mulberry

Larvae of the cerambycid borer Dorcaschema wildii Uhier mine large areas of cambium and tunnel into the wood of mulberry trees. They often girdle and kill branches and even entire trees. In Arkansas and Mississippi adults emerge during May and June and feed for a week or 2 before ovipositing, females oviposit in niches they chew between the bark and wood. The life cycle varies from 1 to 2 years.
Reduction tree algorithm based on discernibility matrix

Aiming at the problem of equivalent conversion from conjunctive normal form to disjunctive normal form,an effective algorithm was proposed to construct reduction tree based on discernibility matrix.The discernibility set was acquired by improving discernibility matrix,and then reduction tree was designed to describe concrete process of getting reductions,finally each path from root to leaf was set to a reduction.This method decreases overhead in forming and storing discernibility matrix,and simplifies the process of acquiring all reductions of decision system.
Preclinical Medical Students’ Diverse Educational and Emotional Responses to a Required Hospice Experience:

Background:Physicians’ lack of comfort and skill in communicating about hospice care results in deficits and delays in hospice referrals. Preclinical exposure to hospice may lay a foundation to improve medical students’ knowledge and comfort with hospice care.Objective:To understand how preclinical medical student (MS)-2s respond both educationally and emotionally to a required hospice care experience (HCE).Design:Accompanied by hospice clinicians, MS-2s spent 3 hours seeing inpatient or home hospice patients followed by a 1-hour debriefing. Students submitted written reflections to e-mailed educational and emotional prompts.Setting/patients:Two hundred and two MS-2s from 2 academic cohorts completed the HCE at 1 of 2 hospice sites.Measurements:Written reflective responses were analyzed qualitatively, where salient themes extracted and responses were coded.Results:Ninety-two students submitted 175 responses to Prompt #1 (educational impact) and 85 students entered 85 responses to prompt #2 (emotional impa...
Ligation of cellophane-protected arteries.

SUMMARY Nonirritating (nonreactive) Cellophane or Polythene film is suggested as an arterial wrapping before ligature, to prevent trauma, rupture, or postoperative aneurysm. Its possible usefulness for management of patent ductus arteriosus is discussed.
The Physiological and Pathophysiological Reactivity of the Microvascular Smooth Muscles and the Implications thereof in Biomedicine

The microvascular beds through the smooth muscles containing α - and s receptors respond to endogenous and exogenous vasoactive agents and exhibit excitement and relaxation of the respective vessels. The arteriolar-precapillary sphincters influenced by the various vasoactive agonists and antagonists and substances cause vasoconstriction and vasodilatation for the maintenance of the normotensive homeostasis and tissue functionings. The rhythmic contraction and relaxation (vasomotion) is regulated by (1) the tonic activity of vasomotor center via nervous impulses transmitted by the Autonomic Nervous System, (2) hormonal substances and stimuli, and (3) autoregulation by virtue of local metabolic activities. Using the mesocaecum bioassay preparation for direct visualization of the rat mesoappendiceal microvessels via biomicroscopy, experimental studies were undertaken pertinent to the changes in microcirculation induced by pharmacological agents and by pathophysiological states and conditions. Results: In all these in vivo experimental studies functional and structural microvascular lesions were observed, viz. microangiopathy and microvascular hypersensitivity-hyperreactivity. The hypersensitivity was tested by the Epinephrine vasoconstrictor threshold concentration Test of the arteriolar-precapillary sphincters and consisted of the remarkable reduction of the threshold from the average normal 1:4 · 10-6 to 1:0.2 · 10-9 and 1:0.1 · 10-9 E.T.C.
Investigation of Reconfigurable FPGA Design for Processing Big Data Streams

Big Data situation has placed a tremendous pressure on the existing computational models. The challenges of Big Data call for a new approach to solve both software and hardware problems. Streaming applications is a form of on-demand software distribution. In streaming scenarios, only essential portions of an application's code need to be installed on the system, while the receiver performs the main operations. The necessary code and files are delivered over the network as, and when, they are required. The hardware architecture plays an important role in improving the efficiency of a streaming system. The variance of hardware performance on different HW architectures is quite interesting. Previous work confirms that the CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs are performing differently on specific applications. The previous efforts of hardware benchmarking show that GPUs outperformed the other platforms in terms of execution time. CPUs outperformed in overall execution combined with transfer time. FPGAs outperformed for fixed algorithms using streaming [1]. Hence, this paper evaluates the performance of streaming applications on a pipelined FPGA design. In the context of real-time processing, it elects one of the Big Data streaming problems that gets a candidate for majority element on-the-fly, that is Moore's Voting Algorithm. The performance analysis of Moore's algorithm on FPGA highlights a noticeable improvement by using a pipelining architecture.
Reactivity of R2AlH (R = Me, Bui) with Selected Aminoarsines and Secondary Amines

Me2AlH and Bui2AlH were reacted with a series of nine aminoarsines, Me2AsR (R = NMe2, NPrn2, NPri2, NBun2, NBui2, NC4H8, NC5H10, NC6H12, and N(C2H4)2NMe), in C6D6 at room temperature, and the reactions were monitored by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The relative rates for initial As−N bond cleavage and final product formation were dependent on the steric requirements of the alkyl groups attached to aluminum and nitrogen in the starting materials. Overall rates were slower with Bui2AlH than with Me2AlH for a given aminoarsine. For most of the reactions, the predominant Al-containing products were the dimeric aminoalane compounds, [Me2AlR]2 and [Bui2AlR]2. Although Al−N bond formation was the prefered mode of reaction, Al−As bond formation was also observed when the bulky Pri and Bui aminoarsine derivatives were used. The [Bui2AlR]2 compounds were synthesized independently by the reaction of Bui2AlH and the respective amine or, in the case of [Bui2AlNBui2]2, by the reaction of Bui2AlCl and LiNBui2. X-ray cry...
Prescription practices in acute pediatric infections and their implications on the worldwide antimicrobial resistance

A large proportion of antimicrobial agents are prescribed worldwide for acute respiratory infections, including colds, upper respiratory infections, acute bronchitis, pharyngo-tonsillitis, sinusitis, and acute otitis media [1–9]. Many of these infections are viral in nature, and antimicrobials are of no benefit. However, the widespread and inappropriate utilization of antimicrobials for such viral illnesses is the driving force behind the emergence of infections caused by antimicrobial drug-resistant organisms [10–12]. Antimicrobial drug – resistant strains of communityacquired pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophillus influenzae, and Staphylococcusaureus, have emerged as serious global health threats [13– 15]. In the United States the proportion of invasive infections caused by penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae increased from 1% in 1992 to 27% in 2000 [10]. Multiple drug resistance of S. pneumoniae has also escalated in frequency as the proportion of S. pneumoniae isolates nonsusceptible to 3 classes of antimicrobial drugs increased from 7% in 1995 to 19% in 2000 [10].
Quantifying food web interactions in the North Pacific – a data-based approach

As part of its annual bottom-trawl survey program, the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) has been collecting and analyzing the stomach contents of groundfish predators since 1981. Between 1981 and 2011, a total of 233,451 fish stomachs were collected and analyzed from the eastern Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and the Aleutian Islands large marine ecosystems; these data are now available online as AFSC’s Groundfish Trophic Interactions Database. Here, we discuss features of the survey and data to aid in the interpretation and use of this extensive dataset for the Alaska region. The primary fish sampled include walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), although 159 predator species have been included in the stomach content analysis. Prey length measurements are included for important commercial prey and can identify age or size classes of prey prior to their recruitment into fisheries and most other surveys. With these data, one can track time trends in growth, mortality, and prey composition as ecosystem indicators, and include food web interactions in fish stock assessments for ecosystem-based fisheries management.
Optimal distributed allocation of almost blank subframes for LTE/WiFi coexistence

Since LTE in unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) was proposed by Qualcomm, it has drawn considerable interest because of its potential to increase the capacity of existing LTE networks by utilizing existing infrastructure in the unlicensed band. But, Wi-Fi technology, already operating in the unlicensed 5 GHz band, creates several potential challenges for managing the activities of these two different technologies in the same band. In this context, we propose an adaptive coexistence scheme between LTE and WiFi by utilizing almost blank subframes (ABS). An ABS is an LTE subframe of duration 1 ms (containing two time slots of 0.5 ms duration) with reduced downlink activity. LTE allocates ABSs over 20 MHz channels in 5 GHz band to allow WiFi to access the spectrum. In the proposed coexistence scheme, each LTE cell optimally distributes ABSs over the frame to provide certain quality of service (QoS) guarantees for WiFi traffic while ensuring the performance of its own users.
Analysis of the dynamic behavior of neuron populations in the turtle cerebellum. II. Lumped circuit model

A lumped circuit model was constructed which consisted of two input channels, climbing fiber and mossy fiber afferents, which described the magnitudes of synaptic transmission and which accounted for synaptic and transmission delays. The parameters and coefficients of the transfer function were chosen such that they corresponded to physiological observable quantities. The corresponding time function approximated the data points. The results indicated that the dynamic behavior of the cerebellar circuit was satisfactorily accounted for by a parallel excitatory and inhibitory system with a combined climbing fiber and mossy-parallel fiber input exciting the Purkinje cells. The initial negative was predominantly a climbing fiber response of the Purkinje cell supporting the inference which was derived from purely electrophysiological data.
Changes in Electronic Structure upon Li Deintercalation from LiCoPO4 Derivatives

On the path toward the design of Li-ion batteries with increased energy densities, efforts are focused on the development of positive electrodes that can maximize the voltage of the full cell. However, the development of novel materials that operate at high voltage, while also showing high efficiency and meeting strict safety standards, is an ongoing challenge. LiCoPO4 is being explored as a possible candidate, as the Co2+/3+ redox couple operates at 4.8 V versus Li+/Li0. The presence of phosphate groups is typically expected to stabilize the compound against oxygen loss, yet the changes in Co–O bonding upon Li extraction have not been ascertained. In addition, LiCoPO4 is riddled with problems relating to poor transport and strain in the crystal structure of the delithiated phase, which handicap its use as a high-voltage electrode. In this work, substituting ions to generate Li1.025Co0.84Fe0.10Cr0.05Si0.01(PO4)1.025 is found to stabilize both the electronic structure and crystal structure and, therefore, ...
Evaluating Nubian Population Structure from Cranial Nonmetric Traits: Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, and Population History of the Nubian Nile Valley

Paleolithic archaeological and skeletal remains from the Nile Valley have yielded a complex picture of life along the river. Sociocultural and sociopolitical events during this time frame shaped population structure, while gene flow and genetic drift further developed it. In this study, we took a population genetics approach to modeling Nubian biological relationships in an effort to describe how an accumulation of events formed Nubian population structure. A variety of Nubian samples were utilized, spanning the Mesolithic-Christian time periods and geographically from just above the first through the third cataracts. Population genetics statistics were employed to estimate and depict biological affinities (Mahalanobis D2 with a tetrachoric matrix, principal coordinates analysis, FST, and Relethford-Blangero residuals), supplemented by spatial-temporal modeling (Mantel tests and PROTESTs). Variation was high among these groups, indicating an intricate pattern of relationships in their population history where similar levels of gene flow probably stemmed from extensive cultural contact with Egypt and other populations in a variety of contexts. Genetic drift was also apparent in some of these sites, which is consistent with social and political histories of these groups. Traditional modeling of spatial-temporal patterning was not successful, which may be attributed to the nonlinear, loose clustering of Nubian groups by site. Collectively, the archaeological, biological, and environmental evidence supports the ideas of multiple populations living in Lower Nubia during the Paleolithic and/or a new population entering the area and shaping Nubian population structure.
On the Applicability of Fractals and Monte Carlo Methods to Heterogeneous Catalysis

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the advantages of utilizing Monte Carlo methods and fractal scaling relationships to model surface phenomena which occur during catalysis. To demonstrate these tools, we simulate a model catalytic reaction with Monte Carlo and analyze the resulting surface structures with fractal scaling relationships. We find that adsorbate islands with several fractal attributes form in our model system. The growth of these islands leads to the slow, but eventual, poisoning of our catalytic surfaces.
Assessing Interfaces Supporting Situational Awareness in Multi-agent Command and Control Tasks

Here, we describe our efforts to uncover design principles for multi-agent supervision, command, and control by using real-time strategy (RTS) video games as a source of data and an experimental platform. Previously, we have argued that RTS games are an appropriate analog for multi-agent command and control [3] and that publicly-available data from gaming tournaments can be mined and analyzed to investigate human performance in such tasks [5]. We outline additional results produced by mining public game data and describe our first foray into using RTS games as an experimental platform where game actions (e.g., clicks, commands) are logged and integrated with eye-tracking data (e.g., saccades, fixations) to provide a more complete picture of human performance and a means to assess user interfaces for multi-agent command and control. We discuss the potential for this method to inform UI design and analysis for these and other tasks.
Separation factors for hydrogen isotopes on palladium.

A mathematical model of the separation of deuterium from tritium in an electrolytic cell containing D[sub 2]O and T[sub 2]O to which lithium was added for ion production is described. The model is compared with the experimental results obtained by measurement of the tritium concentration in the cell and in the recombined off gases. The model yields results that are well within the experimental error. Experimenters can use the model to determine accurately whether any increase in tritium concentration in the cell is due to electrolytic isotope separation. The ratio of the tritium in the cell to the tritium in the recombined off gases was found to be 2. This is in agreement with other work. 4 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
Novel Vacuum-Assisted Method for Harvesting Autologous Cancellous Bone Graft and Bone Marrow From the Proximal Tibial Metaphysis:

Background:Autogenous cancellous bone graft and bone marrow aspirate are commonly used in lower extremity fusion procedures to enhance fusion potential, and frequently in revision situations where ...
Heat flow into intermittently-pumped wells within unconfined alluvial aquifers

Abstract Moving water can transport temperature signals of surface water into groundwater or vice-versa. We analyzed the temperature signals in the atmosphere, river, and pumped water to elucidate source water contributions to the pumping wells from the ambient groundwater and the river. Temperature fluctuations in response to high-frequency intermittent pumping were observed from February 2014 to August 2016 in 14 wells within three shallow unconfined alluvial aquifers along the Ohio River. The groundwater temperature observed in pumping wells displayed two alternating signals between pump-on and pump-off periods. The difference in groundwater temperatures between pump-on and pump-off periods was defined as a temperature shift. Temperature shifts indicate that pumping always introduces water of different temperature to the wells than that of the ambient groundwater. While seasonal pump-off temperatures varied up to 3.2 °C, the short-term temperature shifts ranged from 0.2 to 2.5 °C. Groundwater was generally warm in winter and cold in summer, but pumped water was of lower temperature in winter and higher in summer than the ambient groundwater. However, the pumping-induced temperature shifts were highest in summer and winter and lowest in spring and fall because groundwater temperature lagged that of surface water by approximately six months. The thermal transfer velocity in groundwater was more than one order magnitude higher during pumping than that during the recovery periods. High-frequency pumping changed produced-water temperature and increased the thermal transfer velocity in the groundwater. These results indicate that stream exfiltration is a major component of the water budget to a number of these wells. Thermal analysis reveals that the temperature of pumped water can trace source water to the pumping wells. This thermal approach for estimating the source of pumped water works best when groundwater temperature variation is seasonally large.
A Modeling Framework for Exploring Sampling and Observation Process Biases in Genome and Phenome-wide Association Studies using Electronic Health Records

Large-scale agnostic association analyses based on existing observational health care databases such as electronic health records have been a topic of increasing interest in the scientific community. However, particular challenges of non-probability sampling and phenotype misclassification associated with the use of these data sources are often ignored in standard analyses. In general, the extent of the bias that may be introduced by ignoring these factors is unknown. In this paper, we develop a statistical framework for characterizing the degree of bias expected in association studies based on electronic health records when disease status misclassification and the sampling mechanism are ignored. Through a sensitivity analysis type approach, this framework can be used to obtain plausible values for parameters of interest given results obtained from standard naive analysis methods under varying degree of misclassification and sampling biases. We develop an online tool for performing this sensitivity analysis in some special cases that occur frequently. Simulations demonstrate promising properties of the proposed way of characterizing biases. We apply our approach to study bias in genetic association studies using data from the Michigan Genomics Initiative, a longitudinal biorepository effort within Michigan Medicine.
Advances in Signal Processing for Friction Stir Welding Temperature Control

Precise temperature control of FSW benefits from control and manipulated signals that are responsive and smooth. Accurate measurement of tool temperature and spindle speed feedback are important to temperature control, but often noise in these signals prevents optimal control. Two different methods are developed in this paper to improve signal quality. A series of Bezier curves are used to compensate signals which exhibit a periodic but arbitrarily-shaped offset. Least-squares fitting is used to obtain quality derivatives from discrete or noisy signals. The Bezier method is used to decrease the inaccurate temperature fluctuation measurements reported by telemetry collar error and adds no time delay or phase shift. The least-squares approach is used to estimate spindle speed and temperature derivatives and adds only minimal time delay while substantially reducing noise.
Local Landscapes, Global Cinemascapes, and the New Galician Documentary

This essay analyzes recent experimental documentaries by Lois Patino and Xurxo Gonzalez (aka Xurxo Chirro) within the context of the Novo Cinema Galego, its dig­ital modes of production, its geographical aesthetics, and the ways in which it visualizes ever-evolving notions of Galician identity and point of view. While these directors’ films problematize formal barriers, boundaries, and distinctions, they also draw special attention to national and regional geographies, cultures, identities, languages, in order to make the Galician Worldview visible on screen
Plastic scraps: biodegradable mulch films and the aesthetics of ‘good farming’ in US specialty crop production

Agriculture is a serious contributor to pollution and other environmental harms, making it an important site of action for the development of environmentally friendly products and practices. However, farmer adoption of such options is varied and dependent on a wide range of factors including the visual appeal (i.e., aesthetics) of sustainable farming. Recent studies have shown that negative aesthetics related to more environmentally friendly ways of farming can delay or prevent adoption of such practices. Drawing on the concepts of good farming, cultural capital, and the aesthetics of waste, this paper aims to assess the status of biodegradable plastic mulch (BDM) in relation to a range of alternative and conventional specialty crop growers’ aesthetic perceptions. BDM has the potential to significantly reduce non-biodegradable polyethylene (PE) mulch waste, thus addressing serious environmental and human health concerns. However, the aesthetics of BDM may present a challenge. BDM looks identical to PE plastic, and its degradation throughout the season results in scraps in the soil. To investigate aesthetics as a possible barrier to BDM adoption, we conducted five photo-elicitation focus groups with specialty crop growers in Washington State. Results indicate that alternative growers are slightly more adverse to the aesthetics of BDM, especially because of its ‘plastic’ appearance. Conventional growers had higher rates of BDM adoption, even though they felt a strong aesthetic aversion to the messy nature of BDM degradation. Confidence in the product, particularly as a result of education and experience, was believed to be the key to overcoming this negative aesthetic. Study participants offered a variety of ways to enhance the acceptability of BDM, such as making the mulch brown instead of black. These findings have wider implications for the acceptance and adoption of practices that, although environmentally friendly, have an unattractive visual element.
Consumer Marketing Preferences for Nursery Stock

Abstract Consumer preferences as influenced by type of packaging, size of container, and price when purchasing landscape/nursery plants were determined. From February to May 1991, nearly 1,100 ques...
Target Explosion Generated Fireballs in the Nitrogen Filled Target Chamber of the Light lon Fusion Target Development Facility

Molecular nitrogen is a possible choice for the target chamber gas in the light ion beam driven target development facility. The response of a nitrogen target chamber gas to fusion target explosions is considered. Targets with yields of 200 MJ, 400 MJ and 800 MJ are considered for a target chamber 3 m in radius and 6 m high which is filled with nitrogen gas at a density of 7.07 X 10/sup 17/ molecules/cm/sup 3/. The soft x-rays and ions from the explosion of these targets are stopped in short distances in this gas and create a hot spherical fireball in the center of the target chamber. Heat fluxes and shock pressures on the target chamber first walls due to these fireballs are presented and nitrogen is shown to be an acceptable cavity gas from the point of view of first wall loading.
Trends in British and American News Maps by the End of World War II

This chapter establishes the condition of the British and American news presses by the end of World War II with specific attention to how they differed in their cartographic portrayals of the world. Published wartime news maps and atlas maps are contextualized, with academic sources describing and interpreting the history, political leanings, and methodology of both nations’ presses, identifying and analyzing the distinctive cartographic styles of individual journals. The abundance of wartime printing materials in the United States and the scarcity of similar resources in contemporary England resulted in a more colorful and voluminous American cartographic tradition by 1945. Moreover, a traditional British cultural preference for text over imagery also kept British wartime cartography comparatively bland.
A Self-Sustained Frequency Comb Oscillator via Tapping Mode Comb-Drive Resonator Integrated with a Feedback ASIC

We report on the first experimental demonstration of a reconfigurable self-sustained MEMS oscillator that can generate either a stable single oscillation frequency output or a frequency comb consisting of a set of equally spaced frequency lines. The oscillator is built upon integrating a single-crystal (SC) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) comb-drive MEMS resonator with a programmable sustaining amplifier enabled by an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) in CMOS. The comb-drive MEMS resonator has a displacement stopper; and its first in-plane resonance mode (26.26 kHz) can be operated in linear, nonlinear, and ‘tapping’ regimes, depending on the oscillation amplitude. The reconfigurable oscillator is controlled by finely tuning the operation regime of the resonator by applying a DC polarization voltage to the resonator and via gain of the ASIC. The system can generate either a stable single oscillation frequency or controllable frequency comb output over a wide frequency range with a spacing of ~0.8 to 2.6 kHz.
HD-sEMG for Human Interfacing Devices

The development of 6th Generation Computing introduced a new renaissance to Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM). With tremendous improvements in data processing due to machine learning, there has been a resurgence in computer interface development. This paper introduces the computer architecture and mathematics for Gesture Computer Interfacing (GCI). This platform is designed to work alongside current computer interfacing platforms to expand the Human-Computer Interface Bandwidth through the Internet of Things and Hand Kinesiology.
Management of Patients with Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava Requiring Electrophysiology Procedures

Background Interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare venous anomaly that complicates the treatment of patients who require electrophysiology (EP) procedures. Methods We describe five consecutive cases of patients with interrupted IVC who presented to the EP laboratory requiring interventional procedures including catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia and left atrial appendage closure. All cases were successfully completed utilizing a variety of approaches to vascular access including transseptal puncture via transhepatic and internal jugular approaches. Conclusion Procedures in the EP lab can be performed successfully in patients with interrupted IVC.
Gender Representation Matters: Intervention to Solicit Medical Resident Input to Enable Equity in Leadership in Graduate Medical Education.

PROBLEM Gender equity in leadership across academic medicine remains a concern. The case of chief resident (CR) offers an opportunity to explore novel strategies in leadership selection in graduate medical education (GME). Means of identifying potential candidates for CR often rely on faculty assessment of resident performance, yet implicit gender bias has the potential to influence this assessment. APPROACH To diversify the metrics used in CR selection, an intervention was implemented to solicit resident input to identify candidates for CR at 2 U.S. internal medicine residency programs in 2018 and 2019. This involved a simple, cross-sectional survey of residents in which they were asked to identify individual residents as good candidates for consideration for CR. OUTCOMES There were 298 of 518 internal medicine resident responses to this intervention across sites and years (mean 58.2% response rate). Nomination patterns of residents and program leaders correlated significantly (correlation coefficient 0.62, P < .001). Controlling for site and year, gender was a significant factor associated with who residents nominated for CR (β-coefficient 0.325, P = .004) with women residents more likely to identify women for CR (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.73). Fifty residents nominated themselves for CR, and there was no significant difference by gender (β-coefficient 0.038, P = .91). NEXT STEPS Soliciting resident input to identify candidates for CR may enable gender representation of candidates for this position. Influencing candidate choices may be a promising way to impact leadership selection in medicine.
Miscellaneous antibacterial drugs

Abstract Appraisal of available literature published from January 2019 to April 2020 yielded a total of 98 studies, 14 of which pertained to aminoglycosides, 26 to fluoroquinolones, 23 to glycopeptides, 3 to clindamycin, 13 to macrolides, 7 to oxazolidinones, 4 to polymyxins, 5 to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 2 to daptomycin, 1 to nitrofurantoin, 1 to fosfomycin, and 1 to lefamulin. Our search yielded no pertinent literature for tedizolid and for trimethoprim alone.
Reaping What You Sow: Immigration, Youth, and Reactive Ethnicity

Applied Developmental Science 22, 2 (2008): 1-4. Special Issue on “Civic Engagement in Immigrants.” Reaping What You Sew: Immigration, Youth, and Reactive Ethnicity Ruben G. Rumbaut E very day we are reminded of—indeed, we are surrounded by—the myriad ways in which the United States remains a “permanently unfinished” society, a global sponge remarkable in its continuing capacity to absorb millions of people of all classes and cultures from every continent on earth. There are today nearly 40 million foreign-born persons in the U.S.—of whom 12 million are estimated to be undocumented, most from Mexico and Central America—and another 30 million of foreign-parentage. This immigrant-stock population, the largest ever, is a youthful one—and today’s U.S.-born second generation, with a median age of 12, is poised to explode into adulthood in the coming 10 to 20 years. They are “coming of age” in an aging society undergoing profound social and economic transformations, all of which will have, inevitably, political ramifications. A great deal of how tomorrow’s social contract between natives and newcomers is worked out, and how the commitment to democratic values of equity and inclusion is met, will hinge on the mode of political incorporation and civic engagement of newcomer youth today (Tienda 2002; Tienda and Mitchell, 2006). The essays in this issue provide a glimpse of the possibilities. Table 1 sketches a profile of basic characteristics of young adults 18 to 34 in the U.S., of whom there were 67 million in 2006. “Non-Hispanic whites” and “blacks” are overwhelmingly long-term natives (nearly 90%), whereas 95% of “Asian” and 80% of “Hispanic” nationalities are of foreign birth or parentage. The newcomers in turn are situated at the polar ends of the opportunity structure. Educational and related inequalities between whites and blacks seem narrow compared to the gulf that separates Asians (at the top of the educational hierarchy, with more than 60% having college or advanced degrees) from Hispanics (at the bottom, with 40% of young adult males having less than a high school diploma). The latter, however, are half as likely as young black men to be jobless, and much less likely to be incarcerated. In these widely varying contexts of social inequality, the way young newcomers come to define themselves is significant, revealing much about their social attachments (and detachments) as well as how and where they perceive themselves to “fit” in the society of which they are its newest members. Self- identities and ethnic loyalties can often influence long-term patterns of behavior and outlook as well as intergroup relations, with potential long-term political implications. And the decisive turning point for change in ethnic and national self-identities can be expected to take place in the second, not in the first generation. Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1878106
Suicidal behavior, opioid use disorder, and behavioral health treatment: Prevalence and correlates among adults in the United States 2015–2018

Abstract Background Past research shows that individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) have a higher rate of co-occurring mental health conditions, but little research has examined suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and/or attempts) and utilization of behavioral health services among individuals with OUD using a nationally representative sample. Methods Using the 2015–2018 National Survey of Drug Use and Health, this study examines the risk of suicidal behavior among individuals with OUD. In addition, the study examines how utilization of behavioral health treatment among individuals with OUD might mitigate the risk of suicidal behavior. Results The rate of suicidal behavior was higher among individuals with OUD (22%) than among those without OUD (4%). Among those with OUD, 43% reported receiving neither substance use disorder nor mental health treatment. Multivariable logistic regression estimates indicate that individuals with OUD had odds of suicidal behavior 2.9 times as high as those without OUD. Odds of suicidal behavior among people with OUD were 49% lower with substance use disorder treatment, 5% lower with mental health treatment, and 28% lower with both. Conclusion Individuals with OUD have a high risk of suicidal behavior, which can be mitigated with utilization of behavioral health treatment. These findings underscore the importance of policy initiatives directed at increasing treatment utilization among those with OUD.
"How do you try to have anyone comply or at least be pliable with you if that person's not even medicated?": Perspectives on the use of psychiatric medication within recovery-oriented practice.

Objective: Medication is particularly important to advocates within the mental health recovery movement and this movement is founded upon a resistance to coercive treatment. Given this history, we explored the perspectives of providers and service users engaged in the recovery-oriented practice Person-Centered Care Planning (PCCP) to understand (a). How providers trained in PCCP understand the role of psychiatric medication and (b). How service users receiving services from providers trained in PCCP understand and experience the role of psychiatric medication in treatment. Method: This study comprises data from the qualitative phase of an NIMH-funded randomized trial of PCCP, an evidence-based recovery-oriented practice. Data were collected from 22 focus groups of providers and service users across seven community mental health centers. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Qualitative themes from the provider focus groups included "promoting adherence" and "medication as a precondition." Providers expressed that service users need to be adherent to medication and their symptoms managed before recovery-oriented practices could be pursued. Service user themes included "we were cattle" and medication as "my saving grace." While many experienced medication as helpful, they found providers' focus on adherence to be inflexible and, at times, coercive. Conclusion and Implications for Practice: These results suggest that even within agencies actively implementing recovery-oriented practices, there are aspects of treatment, namely medication management, that are more impervious to recovery principles. Agency level trainings in PCCP and other recovery-oriented practices would benefit from the inclusion of all staff, including psychiatrists and other prescribers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
A Low-Cost FSM-based Bit-Stream Generator for Low-Discrepancy Stochastic Computing

Low-discrepancy (LD) bit-streams have been proposed to improve the accuracy and computation speed of stochastic computing (SC) circuits. These bit-streams are conventionally generated by using a quasi-random number generator such as a Sobol sequence generator and a comparator. The high hardware cost of such number generators makes the current comparator-based generators expensive in terms of area and power cost. The hardware cost issue further aggravates when increasing the number of inputs and the precision of data. A finite state machine (FSM)-based LD bit-stream generator was proposed recently to mitigate this hardware cost. The proposed generator, however, can only generate a specific LD pattern and hence, cannot be used where multiple independent LD bit-streams are needed. In this work, we propose a low-cost FSM-based LD bit-stream generator that supports generation of any number of independent LD bit-streams. The proposed generator reduces the hardware area and the area-delay product up to 80 % compared to those of the state-of-the-art comparator-based LD bit-stream generator while generating accurate bit-streams. We develop a parallel design of the proposed generator and show that the 8 × parallel implementation reduces the hardware cost on average more than 82 percent compared to the cost of the state-of-the-art parallel LD generator. Taking advantage of the provided area saving we improve the fault tolerance of the bit-stream generation unit, a vulnerable component in SC systems, by orders of magnitude. We show the effectiveness of using the proposed generator in SC-based design of convolution function as the case study.
Broadband Millimeter-Wave 5G CMOS Power Amplifiers With High Efficiency at Power Backoff and ESD-Protection in 22nm FD-SOI

Several broadband medium-power millimeter-wave power amplifiers (mm-Wave PAs) are designed using GlobalFoundries’ 22-nm fully-depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS technology. A fixed-biased PA is designed, which achieves max. power-added-efficiency (PAE) = 36.7%, PAE @P 1dB = 14.1%, and P SAT of 17.2 dBm at 24 GHz according to post-layout parasitics extracted (PEX) simulations. An adaptive biasing circuit is then added to the fixed-bias PA to improve PAE at power backoff, where it achieves similar performance in PEX simulations in bandwidth (BW), max. PAE, P 1dB , and P SAT ; however, its PAE@P 1dB is greatly improved to 29.2%. PAE@P 1dB is improved across the full 20 – 40 GHz frequency band. In addition, two different ESD protection designs are studied to investigate the degradation of PA performance due to ESD diodes. With absolute 3-dB BW of ~80%, high max. PAE and PAE@P 1dB , and the smallest PA core size compared with literature, the adaptive biased CMOS PA may be attractive for multiband mm-Wave 5G and other broadband mm-Wave applications.
Methamphetamine Intoxication and Perioperative Complications Following Orthopaedic Surgical Procedures

Background Methamphetamine use is increasing in prevalence. There is a theoretical increased risk of complication postoperative due to catecholamine depletion. When presented with an urgent surgical problem, there are little data to help counsel the patient on the risks of undergoing surgery in the setting of a positive methamphetamine test result. Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to examine the perioperative complication rate for patients who underwent emergent orthopaedic procedures in the setting of a positive methamphetamine drug screen. Additional data were collected in an attempt to further stratify risk factors for perioperative complications in this patient population. Design and methods A retrospective case series of 110 patients. Patients were identified by querying the medical record for patients with a positive methamphetamine result within 24 hours of the surgery start time. Data were collected on each patient, including the nature of the surgery, the type of injury sustained, disposition from the operating room, among other data points. The primary outcome was the presence of a perioperative cardiopulmonary complication, as determined by a new diagnosis made in the chart. The secondary outcome was whether the patient needed an increased level of care postoperatively. Results Of the 110 charts reviewed, three patients sustained complications during their hospitalization; an overall complication rate of 2.7%. One patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while two others developed surgical site infections. Of the 19 patients who went to the intensive care unit (ICU) postoperatively, none were because the patient required a higher level of care than the preoperative level. Conclusions Patients who underwent emergent surgical intervention in the setting of a positive methamphetamine drug test had a low complication rate. While the dogma is to delay surgery in the setting of methamphetamine use, the true risk of undergoing surgery in this setting is not fully understood. We advocate for continued research in this poorly studied group of patients. Larger studies will need to be done in order to fully understand the risks associated with operating in the setting of a positive methamphetamine drug screen.
A Review of Human Identification Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology

This is a good book that fuses the methods of human identification with anecdotal experiences of the authors. An occasional chapter has an almost whimsical approach to the subject which makes for enjoyable reading. I particularly enjoyed the chapter on the analysis of osseous material presumably from Jesse James and the melodrama in two acts concerning the identification of a notorious train robber, Ehner J. McCurdy.
Molecular Signature Descriptors for Integrated Flowsheet and Molecular Design

The reverse problem formulation is a technique for solution of integrated process and product design problems from a properties perspective. In this work, an algorithm is introduced for reverse problem formulations using property operators based on molecular signature descriptors. A general framework has been developed for the integration of flowsheet design techniques with the solution of combined process and molecular design problems.
Human interleukin-10 can directly inhibit T-cell growth

Human interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production in the presence of monocytes. In this study, we have investigated whether IL-10 can directly inhibit T cells. Highly purified peripheral blood T cells containing less than 0.1% CD14+ cells and unresponsive to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), were growth-inhibited by IL-10 when stimulated with immobilized OKT3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb; 55.4% inhibition). This effect was neutralized by the murine MoAb 19F1 directed against human IL-10. In addition, IL-10 inhibited by 52.5% the proliferation of a human tetanus toxoid-specific T-cell clone (TM11) induced by immobilized OKT3 MoAb in the absence of antigen-presenting function. T-cell growth inhibition by IL-10 did not reflect a cytokine-induced change in the kinetics of T-cell response to immobilized OKT3 MoAb, and was observed over a wide range of cell and OKT3 MoAb concentrations. Addition of 1% to 5% monocytes to highly purified peripheral blood T cells resulted in the emergence of proliferation to PHA and to soluble OKT3 MoAb, but did not significantly affect levels of growth inhibition by IL-10 in the presence of immobilized OKT3 MoAb. Similarly, addition of 10% monocytes to the TM11 T-cell clone resulted in the emergence of proliferation in response to tetanus toxoid, but did not significantly influence growth inhibition by IL-10 in the presence of immobilized OKT3 MoAb. When stimulated with immobilized OKT3 MoAb in the absence of accessory cells, T cells secreted IL-2. Secretion of IL-2 under these conditions was inhibited by IL-10 (51.5% inhibition). Thus, IL-10 can directly inhibit growth and IL-2 production in T cells triggered by immobilized OKT3 MoAb in the absence of monocytes.
A new solution to test generation for Boolean expressions

In this paper [1] , we propose a new solution for generating test cases for Boolean expressions. In the past, we have reported algorithm BOR for generating test cases for predicates which are singular; that is, predicates that contain only one occurrence of the constituent Boolean variables. We also reported results of the empirical studies that were carried out on the effectiveness of the strategy. But the BOR algorithm did not work well with nonsingularities - expressions containing multiple occurrences of constituent Boolean variables. The solution we propose for the problem is a combination of the original BOR strategy and the meaning impact strategy reported by Weyuker et.al. The approach consists of isolating the minimal nonsingular component of the input predicate, applying meaning impact strategy to that component, and applying the BOR strategy to the singular component. We have implemented this algorithm and gathered the results of our experiments. These results indicate that there is substantial reduction in the number of test cases required using this method rather than using only the meaning impact strategy.