cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turbulence channel test and analysis for NLOS UV communication

Short range non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) communication, with its solar blind and Non-Line-of- Sight characteristic, received grant interest. However as the communication range increases, the communication performance deteriotes due to NLOS UV turbulence, even with special UV turbulence mitigation. In this work, we conducted a series of outdoor experiments to investigate the received signal energy distribution, which is the product of the complex interaction of transmitted UV radiation, by utlizing both a UV LED array and a UV laser, with the atmosphere. Separation distance, pointing angles and UV light source were taken into considerate as key parameters to affect the distribution. These experimental results will be valuable for studying NLOS UV communication performance.
Influence of leaf age on feeding and reproduction inRaphidopalpa atripennis F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The influence of leaf age on the quantitative food intake and the reproductive success of the cucurbit specialistRaphidopalpa atripennis F. is provided. The host plant influence on the adult longevity and survival percentage were also studied. The differential feeding behaviour and the relative preference of this beetle towards mature leaves and better reproductive success are attributed to the chemical composition of the host leaf. The individual fatty acid profile of the various hosts as well as the different leaf ages is also attempted.
Laser raman spectroelectrochemical studies of anodic corrosion and film formation on iron in phosphate solutions

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry of iron in phosphate solutions of varying pH show mostly active dissolution in acid solutions of 0.1 M H 3 PO 4 and NaH 2 PO 4 ; complete passivity is observed in alkaline 0.1 M Na 2 HPO 4 and Na 3 PO 4 . The composition of the corrosion film formed in the latter solutions was determined by laser Raman spectroscopy to consist mainly of Fe 3 O 4 with PO 4 3− incorporated into the lattice structure of the film. In acid 0.1 M NaH 2 PO 4 , multilayer film formation occurs. The main component of the film appears to be Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·8H 2 O commonly known as vivianite. Several of the Raman spectra observed, however, remain as yet unassigned because they do not match those of known standard compounds. X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that the corresponding materials are highly disordered or amorphous.
Concurrent validity of four androgyny instruments

Four sex-role instruments were administered to a group of 281 graduate and undergraduate students at an urban university. Concurrent validity was examined through the use of correlational and factor-analytic techniques. Seven problems in interpretation of the categorizations made by the several instruments were identified: (1) item homogeneity of individual scales; (2) convergence of corresponding scales and divergence of scales from their complements; (3) multifactoriality; (4) factor complexity; (5) distribution of content across instruments; (6) interaction between factor complexity and content balance; and (7) correspondence of classifications of subjects across instruments.
An automatic liquid nitrogen filling system

Abstract Spectroscopic measurements at low temperature require liquid nitrogen in some type of research dewar. Often the research dewar must be refilled from a reservoir dewar several times during the course of an experiment. A system is described which automatically refills a research dewar from a reservoir dewar. Two sensors are used for detecting the liquid nitrogen level in the research dewar, and an external nitrogen gas supply is used to provide the pressure to effect the transfer of liquid nitrogen.
A new strontium-copper ethylene glycol complex: synthesis and structure of [Sr(C2H6O2)5][Cu(C2H4O2)2]·C2H6O2

Abstract A new crystalline strontium-copper ethylene glycol complex has been isolated and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The solution-phase complex has also been investigated as a possible molecular precursor for use in sol-gel synthesis of SrCuO2. [Sr(C2H6O2)5][Cu(C2H4O2)2]·C2H6O2 has been isolated by crystallization from an ethylene glycol/methylethylketone solution of the strontium-copper salt. Crystallographic data are as follows: orthorhombic, space group Pna21, a = 18.494(3), b = 9.3076(8), c = 16.615(3)A, V = 2860(2) A 3 , Z = 4, R = 0.044 . In this molecule, copper is coordinated by two bidentate ethylene glycolate ligands in roughly a square planar geometry. Strontium is coordinated by three bidentate ethylene glycol molecules and two monodentate ethylene glycol molecules; the eight-fold coordination resembles a highly-distorted square antiprism. An additional ethylene glycol of crystallization is present which does not directly coordinate the strontium ion. Copper and strontium ion complexes are held together by hydrogen bonding. The solution-phase bimetallic complex is hydrolytically unstable, giving rise to a ‘muddy’ brown precipitate upon exposure to water. The apparent decomposition is in direct contrast with hydrolysis of similar barium-copper complexes which gives rise to stable blue gels. This decomposition made the strontium-copper diol complex unsuitable for use in alkoxide sol-gel synthesis of strontium-copper oxides.
Kinsella's Dublins and the Stone Mother

Although awarded the Honorary Freedom of Dublin in 2007 and widely proclaimed as a city-, specifically a Dublin-, poet, Thomas Kinsella departs from modernist post-industrial representations of the city to project a view of Dublin as ‘a separate world with a … feel of the country.’ Into an evolving representation of Dublin, Kinsella imports the dark presences of ancestral females, while in poetic accounts of his later life in Baggot Street and Percy Place, his wife Eleanor joins in association with the poet's mother and other mysterious female figures to represent the urbanization of the Cailleach in her different adaptive emanations. Although represented fleetingly in Kinsella's poetry, the most significant of these figures is the stone mother, the sovereignty figure associated with the Irish landscape.
Telomerase activation: one step on the road to cancer?

Ever since the discovery that telomeres are short in cancer cells and telomerase is activated in immortal cells, telomerase has been an oncogene wannabe. Oncogenes have been the glamour genes of molecular biology for 20 years, garnering flashy headlines and name recognition. More recently, tumor-suppressor genes have joined oncogenes on center stage. Recent evidence has shown that MYC upregulates the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, and that TERT cooperates with HPV E7 in cell immortalization. This evidence now supports the placement of telomerase among the cancer gene elite.
Synaptogenesis in the Rat Cerebellum: Effects of Early Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism

The number of synapses in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellum is reduced by early hypo-and hyperthyroidism within 30 days. Hypothyroidism retards synaptogenesis after 10 days, while hyperthyroidism accelerates synaptogenesis initially, but by 21 days the number of synapses is reduced. The sensitivity of developing synapses to thyroid hormone may permit analysis of the events triggering synaptogenesis.
Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) for the detection of strangulated mechanical small bowel obstruction

Objective Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a protein released by necrotic enterocytes, is a useful marker for the detection of ischemia from mechanical small bowel obstruction. Design Validation cohort. Setting Academic medical center. Participants Cohort of 21 patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of mechanical small bowel obstruction. Plasma and urine samples were collected from patients upon hospital admission and again immediately before laparotomy if surgical intervention was delayed. Results Plasma and urine I-FABP levels (pg/ml by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in patients found to have small bowel necrosis at the time of laparotomy were compared with those without significant ischemia upon laparotomy and those that did not require laparotomy and, by default, did not have small bowel ischemia. A positive test was defined as 1000-pg/ml I-FABP in urine and 100-pg/ml I-FABP in plasma. Small bowel necrosis was confirmed in 3 of 21 enrolled patients. Urine I-FABP levels were positive in 3 of 3 patients with necrosis and 3 of 18 patients without necrosis (sensitivity 100%, specificity 83%, PPV 50%, NPV 100%). Plasma I-FABP levels were positive in 3 of 3 patients with necrosis and 4 of 18 patients without necrosis (sensitivity 100%, specificity 78%, PPV 43%, NPV 100%). Conclusions I-FABP is a sensitive marker for ischemia in mechanical small bowel obstruction. Additional work should be done to validate I-FABP in a variety of clinical settings and to develop a rapid I-FABP laboratory assay.
Defying Neoliberal Convergence: Austria's Successful Supply-Side Corporatism in the 1990s

In the last decade Austria has successfully coped with extraordinary political and economic changes; most important among these was the accession to the European single market. Contrary to widespread expectation, Austro-corporatism did not continue to decline but made an astonishing comeback. This was accomplished despite no longer being able to rely on the government's traditional policy of explicit demand management. Left without a fiscal stimulus, and having to cope with the twin effects of economic internationalization and modernization, it was necessary to develop a new basis for the legitimacy of Austro-corporatism. This was made possible by a transition to supply-side corporatism, which appears uniquely suited to complement and take advantage of market liberalization, modernization, and economic integration. Under supply-side corporatism, corporatist actors function primarily as producers of collective goods not provided by an opportunistic market or by a political system constrained by a loss of e...
Education in a global city: essays from London

edited by T. Brighouse and L. Fullick, London, Bedford Way Press, 2007, 328 pp., £45.06 (paperback), ISBN 978‐0‐85473‐792‐5 Many of the key educational challenges of the twenty‐first century will h...
Random Variate Generation for Monte Carlo Experiments

We discuss methods for generating observations from specified distributions, based on a taxonomy that emphasizes analogies between methods based on the probability-density and cumulative-distribution functions and methods based on the hazard rate and cumulative hazard functions. Four categories are identified: inversion methods, linear combination methods, majorizing methods and special properties. Examples are given of each.
Release of catecholamines and [Met5]enkephalin immunoreactive material from perfused bovine adrenal glands.

Abstract Retrogradely perfused bovine adrenal glands were stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh) and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium (DMPP), with or without hexamethonium. Stimulation by either agent resulted in an increased release of both [Met 5 ]enkephalin immunoreactive material (ME-IRM) and catecholamines as measured by radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, respectively. ACh (5 × 10 −5 M) and DMPP (5 × 10 −5 M) stimulated the release of norepinephrine greater than the release of epinephrine. The action of these agents was antagonized by hexamethonium (5 × 10 −4 M). DMPP produced the same percentage increase in the release of ME-IRM and norepinephrine but produced a greater percentage increase in the release of ME-IRM compared to the release of epinephrine. There was no apparent correlation between the percentage increase in the release of ME-IRM and either norepinephrine or epinephrine after ACh.
Soil survey mapping unit accuracy in forested field plots in northern Pennsylvania

The use of Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) digital data and soil survey report data in geographic information system (GIS) models is becoming more common as the mapping becomes NRCS SSURGO certified. How accurate this data is in reflecting the actual field situation is an essential aspect of the GIS model. This study was conducted to determine how well NRCS official series descriptions (OSDs) matched field data from 30 forested plots in northern Pennsylvania. If plots proved to match OSD data well, then a model of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline could be developed from U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data using this data. Soil descriptions of the plots sampled in 1998 were compared with the NRCS OSDs. Plot variability was assessed with four exploratory soil pits and detailed field characterization was done on the most representative pit to a depth of 1.2 m. Results indicate that field soil data from plots matched OSD data well (less than two parameters outside the range) 80% of the time and very well (less than or equal to one parameter outside the defined data range of six properties) 63% of the time. Properties that fell outside the data range were almost always very close to the range of characteristics for the named series. Plots with more than two properties outside the range of the mapped series often occurred in landscape positions (backslope or toeslope [near streams]) prone to disturbance that could have resulted in large variability in the properties under observation. These data indicate that NRCS OSD data for the six properties in this study in forested areas of Pennsylvania can be used for GIS modeling.
ATTRIBUTIONS FOR EXPECTANCY VIOLATING CHANGES IN AFFECTIONATE BEHAVIOR IN PLATONIC FRIENDSHIPS

Abstract Although affectionate communication is vital for the maintenance of close, personal relationships, it has the potential to generate negative as well as positive outcomes, which may in part be a function of what attributions are made for affectionate expressions. The present experiment applied principles of attribution theory to unexpected changes in affectionate communication within dyads of adult platonic friends. Results indicated that attributions are more often made for decreases in affection than for increases. Contrary to the prediction of the fundamental attribution error, all the participants more often made external, noncontrollable attributions for changes in affectionate behavior, and the intimacy level of the friendship moderated this effect. Finally, the types of attributions made were associated with a recipient's evaluations of the giver's affectionate behavior and his or her assessment of the giver's character.
RIMANTADINE TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA A IN CHILDREN

Rimantadine (Rim) has appeared to be more effective than amantadine in vitro and in animal Flu A infections and better tolerated in adults. However rimantadine has not been studied in children. Thus, Rim was compared to acetaminophen for treatment of Flu A infections in children from private practice. Patients received Rim (3mg/lb/d to 200 mg/d) (Rim group) or acetaminophen (q.i.d.) (A group) for 5 days. Patients were examined and nasal washes obtained daily for 7 days by home visits. 91 patients were enrolled. 71 had Flu A/H3N2 by culture. 69 were analyzed: 37 in Rim, and 32 in A groups (mean age 6.6 & 4.2 yr). Severity of illness on day 1 was equal in both groups but reduction in mean fever,cough, sore throat and malaise was greater in first 3 days in Rim group (p<.01 on day 2 or 3). Similarly, mean symptom score was less in Rim group on day 2 (p<.05) and d. 3 (p=.006). Amount of Flu A shed was also less on d. 2-3 in Rim group with significantly fewer shedding on d. 2 (p=.03). But % of Rim group shedding after d. 5 increased slightly in contrast to A group, such that significantly more Rim patients shed on d. 6-7. Also Rim patients had significantly longer duration of shedding and more had an increase in their symptom score on or after d. 5 (p<.04). Rim was well tolerated. Possible side effects were not significantly different in the two groups. Thus, treatment with Rim produced greater reduction in fever, symptoms and shedding over first 3 days than did acetaminophen, but shedding was prolonged after the end of therapy.
The effects of self-control on cognitive resource allocation during sustained attention: a transcranial Doppler investigation

Vigilance, or sustained attention, is a required ability in many operational professions. While past research has consistently indicated that vigilance performance declines over time, referred to as the vigilance decrement, the theoretical mechanisms underlying the decrement continue to be explored. In the current study, trait self-control was examined to determine how this individual differences measure may contribute to the theoretical explanation of vigilance decrement. Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) was used as a measure of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), as previous research has indicated that CBFV may index attentional resource allocation during vigilance (e.g., Shaw et al. in Hum Factors Ergon Soc 50:1619–1623, 2009). Participants performed a demanding 12-min computer-based vigilance task. Prior to the task, a validated self-report measure was used to determine trait-level self-control, and subjective workload was measured after the task was completed. Participants were divided, based upon survey responses, as either low- or high-trait self-control. Performance results showed a significant decrement across participants, but no significant main effect or interaction relating to the self-control measure was observed. Results relating to the TCD measure showed a significant decline in CBFV in the low self-control group, but no CBFV decrement was observed in the high self-control group. The subjective workload results revealed a nonsignificant trend of the low self-control group becoming more frustrated after the task. These results suggest that there are differences in the resource allocation strategies between low and high self-control participants. How trait self-control can add to an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of sustained attention performance is discussed.
Coppice Swidden Fallows in Tropical Deciduous Forest: Biological, Technological, and Sociocultural Determinants of Secondary Forest Successions

Secondary succession in tropical deciduous forest is often characterized by vegetative reproduction, or coppicing. Coppicing is also observed in forest sites that are disturbed by farming activity. This observation raises questions about the role of established management practices in determining the succession of vegetation on farmsites once they are abandoned to fallow. To what extent is the coppicing succession the result of specific aspects of swidden farming technology and management? And what variations in coppice successions occur in swidden sites following deviations from the standard farming practice? In research on swidden farming among the Susu of Sierra Leone, I examined the successional pathway in an age series of forest fallow sites. I show that the standard pattern of minimal cultivation favors the coppicing of felled trees in the subsequent fallow periods. By contrast, deviation from this pattern results in stump deaths and favors the invasion of fallow sites by grasses and vegetatively reproducing pioneer trees from the savanna. Variations in the environmental outcome of disturbance to plant communities, then, are the result of interactions between processes of tropical tree reproduction and the agricultural practices of local farmers.
Colorimetry of Papaya Fruits as an Index of Infestation Rates of Oriental Fruit Fly and Melon Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

An extensive field survey was conducted on the island of Hawaii to determine the relationship between the colorimetric quantitative ripeness indices of papaya ( Carica papaya L. cv. Kapoho Solo) and rates of infestation by oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, and melon fly, D. cucurbitae Coquillett. Papaya ripeness was quantified with Hunterlab Labscan Spectrocolorimeter b readings taken at the external surface of the blossom end and at the most yellow spot are good indices of papaya ripeness and the rate of infestations of papaya by oriental fruit fly and melon fly. Data on natural infestation rates of papaya by oriental fruit fly and melon fly per blossom end and the most yellow spot b readings are provided. The efficacy of quarantine treatments being developed against oriental fruit fly and melon fly in papaya should be tested with the data presented in this paper.
Daily Milk Intake

Abstract Vitamin D deficiency occurs in 30% to 60% of the elderly in institutions, producing muscle weakness, chronic bone pain, and recurrent fractures. Poor milk intake and a low exposure to sunlight are factors leading to low vitamin D levels. Nursing home residents are at high risk because they often have both factors. The diagnosis is frequently overlooked due to the lack of a simple clinical predictor. We surveyed all consenting residents of four urban Kansas Nhs (n=173) to determine clinical predictors for vitamin D deficiency. Fasting serum 25-OH and 1.25 OH vitamin D levels (expensive tests), PTH, and serum chemistries were obtained on all participants. History of risk factors for vitamin D deficiency (e.g. renal failure) and symptoms (e.g. fractures) were obtained, as were the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), Katz Index (ADLs), body mass index (BMI) and quadriceps muscle strength (QMS). Dietary intake was recorded for 7 days and each individual's vitamin D and calcium consumption recorded. Of the 173 subjects, 22% had low 25-OH D levels (20ng/ml) and 16% had borderline low levels (20–25ng/ml). No association was found by regression analysis between age, sex, duration of NH stay, BMI, Katz score, SPMSQ score, serum creatinine or calcium or QMS. However, a "no" answer to the question, "Are you a milk drinker?" was associated with lower 25-OH D levels (mean 33.7 vs 25.4ng/ml), although this did not reach statistical significance (p p The simple question, "Are you a milk drinker?" or nursing quantitation of milk intake ("he/she never drinks it") may be a useful predictor of vitamin D deficiency Milk intake is a marker because it is essentially the only dietary source of vitamin D; most nursing home residents get very little sunlight exposure. Vitamin D deficiency is common in this population and difficult to predict by other clinical parameters. These findings establish a need for attention to dietary sources of vitamin D, primarily fortified milk. The preliminary findings have established this pain syndrome, and relief with treatment of supplemental vitamin D These findings are the basis for a continuation of this study to further quantify' these results.
MULTICOM: a large-scale conformation sampling and evaluation server for protein tertiary structure prediction

With more and more protein sequences are produced in the genomic era, predicting protein structures from sequences becomes very important for elucidating the molecular details and functions of these proteins for biomedical research. Traditional template-based protein structure prediction methods tend to focus on identifying the best templates, generating the best alignments, and applying the best energy function to rank models, which often cannot achieve the best performance because of the difficulty of obtaining best templates, alignments, and models. We developed a large-scale conformation sampling and evaluation method and its servers to improve the reliability and robustness of protein structure prediction. In the first step, our method used a variety of alignment methods to sample relevant and complementary templates and to generate alternative and diverse target-template alignments, used a template and alignment combination protocol to combine alignments, and used template-based and template-free modeling methods to generate a pool of conformations for a target protein. In the second step, it used a large number of protein model quality assessment methods to evaluate and rank the models in the protein model pool, in conjunction with an exception handling strategy to deal with any additional failure in model ranking. The method was implemented as two protein structure prediction servers: MULTICOM-CONSTRUCT and MULTICOM-CLUSTER that participated in the 11th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP11) in 2014. The two servers were ranked among the top server predictors, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the large-scale conformation sampling and evaluation. The MULTICOM server is available at: http://protein.rnet.missouri.edu/multicom/.
Early evaluation of abdominal/hepatic irradiation and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin infusion after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Abstract Purpose: To describe the toxicities of a combined modality adjuvant regimen for patients with resectable periampullary adenocarcinoma. Methods and Materials: Fourteen patients with surgically resected periampullary adenocarcinoma were treated with adjuvant therapy consisting of prophylactic hepatic irradiation and pancreatic bed irradiation and concurrent infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV). Starting within 60 days of surgery, patients received radiation treatments of 1.8 Gy per fraction to the liver and pancreatic bed (13 fractions), followed by 1.8 Gy per fraction to the pancreatic region (15 fractions). All radiation treatments were given with infusional 5-FU (200 mg/m 2 /day) and leucovorin (5 mg/m 2 /day) for 5 out of every 7 days during the 38-day treatment sequence. After a 1-month break, patients were scheduled to receive four cycles of infusional 5-FU/LV (2 weeks on/2 weeks off). Results: All 14 patients completed the initial combination treatment. Toxicities were tolerable; three patients had Grade 3/4 toxicities that were primarily gastrointestinal in nature. Six patients required hospitalization during therapy for treatment-related toxicities. Two patients required radiation treatment breaks of less than 1 week, and two others had radiation held for 2–4 weeks. Three patients required chemotherapy dose reductions secondary to toxicities. Toxicities in the subsequent chemotherapy-alone cycles were few and primarily manifested by Grade 2 rises in liver injury tests. Higher toxicity grades were associated with tumor progression. Twelve patients have developed recurrent disease with an equal number of recurrences occurring in the pancreatic bed as in the liver over the 12-month median follow-up. Median survival for this cohort is 417 days, not significantly different from previously reported adjuvant trials in this patient population. Conclusion: These data indicate that adjuvant therapy with concomitant large-field radiation and infusional chemotherapy is feasible and associated with manageable toxicities in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma. Improvement in survival over other adjuvant regimens has not thus far been observed. Modification of this strategy may be required.
A workbench for project oriented software engineering courses

We present the Computer Science Scholar's Workbench, a tool kit written in Pascal suitable for research and teaching. It has advantages over contemporary workbenches, UNIX and INTERLISP: a host to support the tool kit costs less than d3,000, the tools are free-available in source from publications, and the tools are written in Pascal which is widely used in academic environments. We discuss a) course requirements and problems unique to project oriented software engineering classes, b) the tools we've chosen for the workbench, and c) how they may be used to ameliorate or solve many of the problems. We report our experience using the workbench and evaluate it in terms of cost, performance, portability, extensibility, and effectiveness.
Coherent mortality forecasts for a group of populations: an extension of the Lee-Carter method.

Mortality patterns and trajectories in closely related populations are likely to be similar in some respects, and differences are unlikely to increase in the long run. It should therefore be possible to improve the mortality forecasts for individual countries by taking into account the patterns in a larger group. Using the Human Mortality Database, we apply the Lee-Carter model to a group of populations, allowing each its own age pattern and level of mortality but imposing shared rates of change by age. Our forecasts also allow divergent patterns to continue for a while before tapering off. We forecast greater longevity gains for the United States and lesser ones for Japan relative to separate forecasts.
Applications of non-Archimedean integration to the L-series of τ-sheaves☆

Abstract Let F be a τ -sheaf. Building on previous work of Drinfeld, Anderson, Taguchi, and Wan, Bockle and Pink (A cohomological theory of crystals over function fields, in preparation), develop a cohomology theory for F . Bockle (Math. Ann. 323 (2002) 737) uses this theory to establish the analytic continuation of the L-series associated to F (which is a characteristic p-valued “Dirichlet series”) and the logarithmic growth of the degrees of its special polynomials. In this paper, we shall show that this logarithmic growth is all that is needed to analytically continue the original L-series as well as all associated partial L-series. Moreover, we show that the degrees of the special polynomials attached to the partial L-series also grow logarithmically. Our tools are Bockle's original results, non-Archimedean integration, and the very strong estimates of Amice (Bull. Soc. Math. France 92 (1964) 117). Along the way, we define certain natural modules associated with non-Archimedean measures (in the characteristic 0 case as well as in characteristic p).
Evaluation of the effect of anxiety on the masseteric silent period duration.

Summary The duration of the masseteric silent period (SPD) and environmental stress are parameters which have been associated with the symptoms of masticatory dysfunction. In this study, the relationship between differing levels of anxiety and the masseteric silent period duration, for nineteen subjects reporting a history of symptoms of mandibular dysfunction, was evaluated by a stress model based on the Sta X-l anxiety test. The results suggest that the durations of masseteric silent periods were not significantly affected by differing levels of anxiety.
Loading and deformation of the cat posterior knee joint capsule in axial and extension rotations.

Abstract Deformation and loading of the knee posterior joint capsule were studied in the cat, in extension rotations and in axial external (ER) and internal (IR) rotations at full extension. Loads were measured in the ligament along the upper edge of the capsule, using mechanically sensitive neurons that were calibrated as load cells. Strains were measured across the surface of the capsule, by tracking a set of markers attached to its surface. External rotations produced small loads in the cable: with applied moments of up to 0.25 N m, cable tensions were less than 0.8 mPa. The cable was not loaded by internal rotations. Axial rotations produced predominantly shear strains in the capsule. Extension produced small loads in the ligament and the predominant capsule strain was tensile along the axis of the femur. These results show that the posterior capsule has a small role in resisting extension, a minimal role in providing axial stability in ER, and no such role in IR.
P3DB 3.0: From plant phosphorylation sites to protein networks

In the past few years, the Plant Protein Phosphorylation Database (P(3)DB, http://p3db.org) has become one of the most significant in vivo data resources for studying plant phosphoproteomics. We have substantially updated P(3)DB with respect to format, new datasets and analytic tools. In the P(3)DB 3.0, there are altogether 47 923 phosphosites in 16 477 phosphoproteins curated across nine plant organisms from 32 studies, which have met our multiple quality standards for acquisition of in vivo phosphorylation site data. Centralized by these phosphorylation data, multiple related data and annotations are provided, including protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene ontology, protein tertiary structures, orthologous sequences, kinase/phosphatase classification and Kinase Client Assay (KiC Assay) data--all of which provides context for the phosphorylation event. In addition, P(3)DB 3.0 incorporates multiple network viewers for the above features, such as PPI network, kinase-substrate network, phosphatase-substrate network, and domain co-occurrence network to help study phosphorylation from a systems point of view. Furthermore, the new P(3)DB reflects a community-based design through which users can share datasets and automate data depository processes for publication purposes. Each of these new features supports the goal of making P(3)DB a comprehensive, systematic and interactive platform for phosphoproteomics research.
Multiply charged atomic and molecular ions from laser multiphoton ionisation of UF6

Abstract Multiply charged atomic and molecular ions are detected following laser multiphoton ionisation of UF 6 vapor under collision-free conditions.
Role of Defects and Reabsorption in the Decay of Fluorescence of Anthracen from 2–350 ° K

Abstract Fluorescence spectra and decay times were measured for anthracene crystals grown from the vapour and from the melt, and for anthracene dissolved in polymethylmethacrylate (PMM). The decay times were corrected for reabsorption. The procedure for determining the correction is described. It was facilitated by recording the spectra in digital form on magnetic tape and using a computer to calculate and plot the area accumulated under the fluorescence spectrum as a function of wavelength. Sets of accumulated area curves not only allowed the reabsorption correction to be made but also indicated the relative number of physical defects present in the crystals. They also showed changes in reabsorption with temperature. The corrected fluorescence decay times of anthracene crystals showed little variation with method of growth or with temperature. They were 5 ± 1 nsec at 2°K and increased by 1–2 nsec as the temperature was raised to 350°K. The variation with temperature was much less than the correction for ...
The sodium pump and the pump-ATPase of erythrocyte membranes prepared from cold-stored blood.

SummaryBlood was stored in ACD solution at 4°. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity of the red cell membranes remained constant during prolonged storage (60 days). Within this period the membranes also retained the capacity to transport Na+ actively when inosine was used as the source of energy for the pump. However, after 3–4 weeks of storage, active transport of Na+ by the membranes could not be detected when ATP was incorporated into the ghosts. These observations suggest that the ATP generated by the metabolism of inosine may be in a pool that is more suitable for utilization by the pump.
Lithospheric structure of the central Himalaya from 3-D tomographic imaging

Abstract The High Himalaya are one of the most spectacular consequences of the ongoing collision between India and Eurasia, yet the role that the lithosphere beneath them play in this collision is not well understood. To illuminate the influence of the Himalaya on collisional processes, we produced tomographic images of the subsurface beneath them from arrival times of P- and S-waves generated by 551 teleseisms and 1051 local/regional events and recorded by the Himalayan–Nepal–Tibet Broadband Seismic Experiment (HIMNT) from 2001 to 2002. Compared to those in initial 1D models, the RMS P- and S-arrival time misfits in our final 3D model were reduced by as much as 46% (from 0.45 s to 0.24 s) and 38% (from 0.97 s to 0.6 s), respectively. Our results show strong crustal variations perpendicular to, but no significant lateral variation along, the trend of the High Himalaya within our study area. In the NS direction the crust thickens from about 60 km under the Lesser Himalaya to 70–80 km under the Tethys Himalaya. There is no localized crustal thickening beneath the High Himalaya. Wavespeeds and seismicity patterns beneath the Tethys Himalaya suggest that the middle crust (at 30–50 km depth) is ductile and are consistent with the presence of a mid-crustal reflector associated with the stronger gradients in the lower crust. Correlation between relocated earthquakes and the Xainza-Dinggye rift indicates that the rift is not cutting through the crust at the present time. Shear wave splitting from core phases indicates that the upper mantle beneath the Tethys Himalaya is nearly isotropic. The combination of isotropy and higher seismic wavespeed leads us to suggest that eclogites included in the lowermost crust and the uppermost mantle are responsible for the mid-crustal reflector under the Tethys Himalaya, as well as for a slightly high wavespeed anomaly just beneath the Moho. This interpretation is supported by the existence of granulitic eclogite in the Ama Drime Massif ∼ 50 km northeast of Mt. Everest.
The adjustment of expatriate teenagers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a model regarding adolescent adjustment issues overseas.Design/methodology/approach – Using previous literature on expatriate adjustment and in‐depth interviews with students currently living abroad, a model of expatriate teens' adjustment is developed.Findings – Interviews found that although some issues of adolescent adjustment are similar to expatriate and spouse issues, several were unique. In addition, the interviews suggested that the effective adjustment of the adolescent might lead the expatriate to stay abroad longer than originally planned.Research limitations/implications – Small sample size and limited generalizability form the main limitations of the exercise.Practical implications – Effective predeparture training for all family members is imperative for expatriate success.Originality/value – The papers represent the first comprehensive look at the issues that affect the adjustment of expatriate teens.
Space in Tropes, an Opaque but Visible Relationship

This essay retrieves a latent and opaque view of space in tropes and uses a triangle of three key terms, namely chora, figural situation, and the content of the form as a theoretical framework. The discussion emphasizes three related parts: (1) how space denotes a bodily precursor to figurative expression, (2) how a trope space connotes space and expresses it as a figural situation, and (3) how the content of this space and situation may be deciphered in terms of ethics and values. It offers an extended example using Rosa Parks.
Accretion of Mudstone Beds from Migrating Floccule Ripples

Mudstones make up the majority of the geological record. However, it is difficult to reconstruct the complex processes of mud deposition in the laboratory, such as the clumping of particles into floccules. Using flume experiments, we have investigated the bedload transport and deposition of clay floccules and find that this occurs at flow velocities that transport and deposit sand. Deposition-prone floccules form over a wide range of experimental conditions, which suggests an underlying universal process. Floccule ripples develop into low-angle foresets and mud beds that appear laminated after postdepositional compaction, but the layers retain signs of floccule ripple bedding that would be detectable in the rock record. Because mudstones were long thought to record low-energy conditions of offshore and deeper water environments, our results call for reevaluation of published interpretations of ancient mudstone successions and derived paleoceanographic conditions.
Diving into a virtual sea: exploring the philosophy behind and implementation of an academic second life model

Why would a professor want to use a virtual environment like Second Life? How can a university effect a virtual, immersive, digital environment using solid, interactive and constructive pedagogy.We present a model for those interested in virtual worlds or immersive learning by discussing the pedagogical rationale and nuts-to-bolts narrative of how Lehigh University conceived of, designed, constructed and continues to evolve its own successful interactive island in Second Life.This paper includes a brief synopsis of the historical and philosophical context of Second Life, especially focusing on alternative pedagogical approaches. We continue with research we conducted before we began building, the rationale of our process of design and construction, how faculty became involved, the context in which we integrated their ideas, the method by which we chose the projects, and the tools we ultimately applied on the site.At this juncture, many people agree that some form of virtual immersive environment similar to Second Life will be key to the future of higher education. We discuss some of the research on virtual environments and its application to learning. Our paper will be applicable for those seeking to implement such a tool
Inhibitory Effects of Substrate Analogs on Lactate Production from Fructose and Glucose in Bovine Spermatozoa

A number of substrate analogs were tested as inhibitors of bovine sperm lactate formation from glucose and from fructose. When 1 mM glucose was the substrate, lactate production was inhibited by 5-thioglucose, 2-deoxyglucose, 2,5-anhydromannitol, and 5-ketofructose while no inhibition was observed with 1-deoxyfructose, 4,6-ethylideneglucose, N-acetylglucosamine, or 3-0 methylglucose at concentrations up to 10 mM. 5-Thioglucose was most effective, producing complete inhibition at a 10 mM concentration. Inhibition by the other inhibitory analogs was not complete at 10 mM. All of the observed inhibitions could be overcome by increasing glucose concentration to 10 mM. When 10 mM fructose was used as a substrate, lactate production was inhibited by 5-thioglucose, 2-deoxyglucose, 2, 5-anhydromannitol, 5-ketofructose, and 4,6-ethylideneglucose while 1-deoxyfructose, 3-0-methylglucose, and N-acetylglucosamine were not inhibitory. Complete inhibition could be produced by either 2 mM 5-thioglucose or 3 mM 2-deoxyglucose. Inhibition by the other three analogs was only partial at analog concentrations of 10 mM. Except for the inhibition produced by 4,6-ethylideneglucose, all of the inhibitions could be overcome in full or in part by increasing fructose concentrations to 100 mM. The inhibitory patterns observed with most of the analogs are consistent with the involvement of a hexokinase phosphorylation step. 2-Deoxyglucose, a good hexokinase substrate, was a strong inhibitor; 2,5-anhydromannitol and 5-ketofructose, which are less effective hexokinase substrates, were partial inhibitors, and 1-deoxyfructose, which is a poor substrate, and 3-0-methylglucose and N-acetylglucosamine, which are not substrates, were not inhibitory. 5-Thioglucose and 4,6-ethylideneglucose do not inhibit in a manner consistent with their previously observed interactions with either uptake systems or with hexokinases.
Of disparities and diversity: Where are we?

There has been remarkable improvement in the health of women over the past century; however, disparities among minority populations persist. While the reasons for the disparities, usually poorer health, are many and complex, such disparities are unacceptable. Because the reasons for disparities are multiple and complex, eliminating health disparities will require a multifaceted approach. Increasing research into health disparities, biologic, sociologic, and health services research, transforming the health care system into a culturally sensitive system, eliminating unequal treatment provided to minority populations, increasing diversity in the health care workforce, and assuring that health care providers provide culturally competent health care are needed.
Biochemical modulation of cisplatin toxicity

Abstract The biochemical modulation of cisplatin toxicity has contributed substantially to the safe effective administration of cisplatin in the clinic. In most cases, however, the demonstration of clinical efficacy has preceded the understanding of mechanisms by which these agents provide protection to normal tissues. A number of protocols are now available to ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity; these approaches have been so successful that renal toxicity is rarely of clinical significance today. However, the dramatic escalation in cisplatin dose engendered by the use of modulators has resulted in new dose-limiting toxicities involving the nervous system and the bone marrow. Although preliminary data suggests that certain modulators may reduce these toxicities, extensive clinical trials will also be necessary to determined the optimum scheduling for the newer agents and to provide convincing evidence of efficacy in man. Finally, modulator combinations (i.e. DDTC and hypertonic saline) have the potential to provide the broadest coverage of normal tissue protection and appear to merti more extensive clinical investigation. Cisplatin has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy at currently tolerated doses; further advances in the biochemical modulation of cisplatin toxicity should provide significant therapeutic gains for this important drug in the future.
Efficient adaptive procedures for fluid-flow applications

Abstract In the multi-dimensional numerical simulation of certain multi-phase fluid-flow processes, many phenomena are sufficiently localized and transient that self-adaptive local grid-refinement techniques are necessary to resolve the local physical behavior. For large-scale simulation problems, efficiency is the key to the choice of specific adaptive strategies. For example, many techniques which are excellent for smaller, time-independent processes are very inefficient for large-scale transient modeling. Several different types of self-adaptive methods are discussed and briefly compared. The differences in complexity of the data structure and efficiency of solution are explained. Certain preliminary numerical results are discussed.
Quantitative analysis of glenoid bone loss in osteoarthritis using three-dimensional computed tomography scans.

The 3-dimensional (3D) shape of the glenoid vault has been defined previously and shown to be a complex, yet consistent, shape in individuals without glenoid pathology. We proposed assessing whether this conserved shape could be used as a template to measure glenoid bone loss in subjects with glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Computed tomography (CT) scans of both shoulders were obtained from 12 subjects with unilateral glenohumeral osteoarthritis. The paired scapulae were reconstructed 3-dimensionally, using a previously developed graphic software package. Two methods of estimating glenoid bone loss were performed. First, using the software, a stereolithography model of the standardized vault shape was implanted into each glenoid and measurements made of the volume of the implant not contained within each vault. Second, direct measurements of the paired glenoid vault volumes were performed. The volume of the nonarthritic glenoid was used as a subject-specific template for normal glenoid vault volume for each pair. The glenoid bone volumes measured by each method were compared and Pearson's correlation coefficient determined. The average measurement of glenoid bone loss using the vault implant was within 0.8% (SD +/− 1.5%) of the measurement made using the contralateral, normal glenoid. For all patients, Pearson's correlation coefficient was .99, indicating a very high correlation between the two methods of measuring bone loss ( P