cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Auditory temporal perception, phonics, and reading disabilities in children ☆

Abstract Reading-impaired and control children were given an experimental battery of nonverbal auditory perceptual tests which examined discrimination and temporal order perception. Stimulus tones were presented at various rates. There were no significant differences between groups on tests in which stimuli were presented at slow rates. However, when the same stimuli were presented more rapidly, the reading-impaired group made significantly more errors than the controls. The reading-impaired children's ability to use phonics skills (nonsense word reading) was also examined. There was a high correlation between the number of errors made on the phonics reading test and the number of errors made in responding to the rapidly presented stimuli in the auditory perceptual tests. The hypothesis that some reading impairments are related to low-level auditory perceptual dysfunction that affects the ability to learn to use phonics skills adequately is discussed.
A coded modulation technique for cooperative diversity in wireless networks

We propose a novel coded modulation (CM) protocol for user cooperation diversity in wireless networks. Unlike most existing protocols, the proposed scheme does not involve repetition. This translates to significant gains in terms of achievable rates. Hence, it is suitable for higher spectral efficiencies too. Each user transmits its own bits, along with bits of cooperating users, in every allotted symbol at appropriate positions on a specially labelled signal constellation. The scheme achieves full diversity order in the number of cooperating relays and obtains additional coding gains compared to repetition protocols. We show gains ranging from 2 dB to 3 dB over repetition protocols for cases involving two and three cooperating users. In its simplest form, the proposed scheme has a complexity at the relay equal to that of repetition protocols. Complexity at the base station, however, is increased.
An ab initio study of the relationship between the OH bond length and the harmonic and anharmonic stretching force constants for planar molecules containing COH, NOH, and OOH groups

The OH bond length and the quadratic, cubic, and quartic stretching force constants, calculated ab initio using the unscaled 4-31G basis set with full geometry optimization, are reported for 30 planar conformers of ten molecules contaning either the COH, NOH, or OOH group. The data are analyzed in terms of the general form of Clark's equation, and the power functions and exponential functions proposed by Herschbach and Laurie. In the case of the quadratic constants, significant trends are found in the values of the parameters depending on whether the OH group is bonded to carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen, and whether it is non-hydrogen-bonded or involved in intramolecular hydrogen bond formation in four-, five-, or six-membered rings. Using data for diatomic molecules, OH, and CH bonds, and the CO and CC bonds in planar monosubstituted carbonyl compounds, the parameter dij in the power function equation for quadratic constants, which can be regarded as the distance of closest approach of the two nuclei, is shown to increase progressively along the series (i) diatomic molecule; (ii) similar bond in a polyatomic environment with one of the two atoms covalently bonded to a neighboring atom; (iii) as in (ii) but with the second atom hydrogen bonded; and (iv) with both atoms covalently bonded to neighboring atoms.
Riparian influence on hyporheic-zone formation downstream of a small dam in the Blackland Prairie region of Texas

Small-order streams have highly variable flows that can result in large temporal and spatial variation of the hyporheic zone. Dam construction along these intermittent headwater streams alters downstream flow and influences the hydrologic balance between stream water and the adjacent riparian zone. A 3-year site study was conducted along an impounded second-order stream to determine the water balance between stream, unsaturated zone, groundwater and riparian vegetation. The presence of the upstream impoundment provided near-perennial water flow in the stream channel. The observed woody plant transpiration accounted for 71% of average annual water loss in the site. The overall contribution of stream water via the hyporheic zone to site water balance was 73 cm, or 44% of total inputs. This exceeded both rainfall and upland subsurface contribution to the site. A highly dynamic hyporheic zone was indicated by high water use from woody plants that fluctuated seasonally with stream water levels. We found leaf area development in the canopy layer to be closely coupled with stream and groundwater fluctuations, indicating its usefulness as a potential indicator of site water balance for small dam systems. The net result of upstream impoundment increased riparian vegetation productivity by influencing movement of stream water to storage in the groundwater system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of 2D scintimammography and 3D dedicated breast SPECT using a compressible breast phantom and lesions of varying size and tracer uptake

This study aims to qualitatively and quantitatively compare 2D planar scintimammography imaging of the breast under various degrees of compression with uncompressed, dedicated 3D SPECT using dedicated acquisition trajectories. A 700mL compressible anthropomorphic breast phantom containing small lesions was developed to compare 2D and 3D breast imaging. Thin walled, deformable lesions ranging from 40 to 500uL volume suspended on a thin plastic sheet in the phantom were used to mimic breast lesions undergoing different degrees of compression. Using a 16×20cm2 CZT-based gamma camera, 99mTc-scintimammography was performed for 10min imaging times for compression thicknesses of 6 and 12cm (fully uncompressed) using a single mediolateral view. Dedicated breast SPECT was then performed for 10min using the uncompressed breast acquired with a simple tilted rotation, and a complex 3D acquisition trajectory. Experimental variables include: (1) background torso contamination; (2) (in)homogeneous breast composition; and (3) low count (clinically relevant) and high count (low noise) images. The radioactivity lesion:background concentration ratio was varied from 12:1 down to 3:1. A comparison between the two modalities was made in a limited observer study with independent observers evaluating reconstructed images for the smallest detectable lesion and total number of lesions. Image quality, based on lesion SNRs and contrasts were also evaluated. SPECT images appear to yield observation of smaller and more simulated lesions than those seen in scintimammography, additionally with more than twice the SNR and contrast. Due to greater positioning flexibility of the SPECT system gantry, under a wide range of measurement conditions, statistically significantly (p≪0.05) more lesions, smaller lesion sizes, and (3D) lesion locations were detected with dedicated breast SPECT than with compressed breast scintimammography.
Pediatric hepatic tumors: clinical trials conducted in the United States.

Hepatoblastomas (HBs) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) constitute the majority of hepatic tumors in children. Although most children who have HB or HQC present with unresectable disease, chemotherapy may reduce the size of the primary tumor and metastases, thus allowing subsequent successful removal. Clinical trials conducted over the past decade in the United States have demonstrated that chemotherapy regimens consisting of continuous-infusion doxorubicin and cisplatin or high-dose cisplatin alone effectively reduce tumor size. The prognosis of children with HB is better than that of those with HCC. Over half the patients who initially have unresectable HB can be rendered disease free with chemotherapy and subsequent surgery. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparisons of ZigBee Personal Area Network (PAN) Interconnection Methods

ZigBee's low power consumption, built-in security method and ratified specifications make it very suitable to be used with medical sensor devices. Medical sensors in a human body self organize in a ZigBee Personal Area Network (PAN). At a higher level, these PANs are interconnected in a Healthnet. To this end, a ZigBee PAN detects the existence of another PAN with beacon detection or active channel scan and selects proper target based on the peak energy (when energy detection channel scan is used). Different ZigBee interconnection schemes are then possible. PAN bridge method uses special bridge node that works for different PANs with time division method. PAN merge method changes PAN coordinator's role as bridge node and merges two PANs. Peer-to-peer network can be used when all PANs use the same channel and operates as an ad-hoc network. In this paper, we perform extensive evaluations using NS-2 simulations to compare PAN interconnection methods. Results show that the PAN bridge is the most useful method because it is not affected by router/node ratio and is applicable to different channel and user scenarios.
A-type voltage-gated K+ currents influence firing properties of isolectin B4-positive but not isolectin B4-negative primary sensory neurons

Voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv) in primary sensory neurons are important for regulation of neuronal excitability. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are heterogeneous, and the types of native Kv...
Recent Advances in Thyroid Imaging

Thyroid imaging has evolved from early radionuclide rectilinear thyroid scanning to the recently developed technique of single photon emission computed tomography. At the same time, x-ray fluorescent scanning, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography have improved identification of the thyroid gland. The appropriate use and relative roles of these imaging modalities in the investigation of patients with thyroid disease are discussed.
Prefrontal cortical GABAergic signaling and impaired behavioral flexibility in aged F344 rats

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for the ability to flexibly adapt established patterns of behavior in response to a change in environmental contingencies. Impaired behavioral flexibility results in maladaptive strategies such as perseveration on response options that no longer produce a desired outcome. Pharmacological manipulations of prefrontal cortical GABAergic signaling modulate behavioral flexibility in animal models, and prefrontal cortical interneuron dysfunction is implicated in impaired behavioral flexibility that accompanies neuropsychiatric disease. As deficits in behavioral flexibility also emerge during the normal aging process, the goal of this study was to determine the role of GABAergic signaling, specifically via prefrontal cortical GABA(B) receptors, in such age-related deficits. Young and aged rats were trained in a set shifting task performed in operant chambers. First, rats learned to discriminate between two response levers to obtain a food reward on the basis of a cue light illuminated above the correct lever. Upon acquisition of this initial discrimination, the contingencies were shifted such that rats had to ignore the cue light and respond on the levers according to their left/right positions. Both young and aged rats acquired the initial discrimination similarly; however, aged rats were impaired relative to young following the set shift. Among aged rats, GABA(B) receptor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was strongly correlated with set shifting, such that lower expression was associated with worse performance. Subsequent experiments showed that intra-mPFC administration of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen enhanced set shifting performance in aged rats. These data directly link GABAergic signaling via GABA(B) receptors to impaired behavioral flexibility associated with normal aging.
Ophthalmic Surgical Simulation in Training Dexterity in Dominant and Nondominant Hands: Results From a Pilot Study

Purpose To determine whether a structured training program using the validated EYESI surgical simulator improves dexterity in nondominant (ND) hands. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Design Nonrandomized, prospective study. Methods Subjects who chose to participate and provided informed consent completed a structured simulation training program, which included a baseline test, 3 sessions of repeated tasks, and a final test on capsulorhexis in dominant (D) and ND hands. Participants completed demographic and satisfaction questionnaires. Performances at each session were recorded. We compared overall scores at baseline and at the end of the study, and analyzed trends over time. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP by SAS. Results Overall, 14 subjects completed the training program. In all, 3 (21.4%) were attending physicians and 11 (78.6%) were trainees. There was a significant improvement in the average overall scores (baseline vs. final) in both the D hand (33.4 vs. 46.5; p Conclusions We found a significantly greater trend for improvement in the ND compared with the D hand. These results suggest that an elaborate, structured curriculum targeting teaching dexterity results in better simulated performance.
Induced Regenerative Elastic Matrix Repair in LOXL1 Knockout Mouse Cell Cultures: Towards Potential therapy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Impaired elastic matrix remodeling occurs in reproductive tissues, after vaginal delivery. This has been linked to development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), for which there currently is no pharmacologic therapy. Hyaluronan oligomers and transforming growth factor beta 1 (termed elastogenic factors, EFs), have been shown to significantly enhance tropoelastin synthesis, elastic fiber assembly, and crosslinking by adult vascular smooth muscle cells(SMCs). The goal of this study was to ascertain, if these factors similarly improve the quantity and quality of elastic matrix deposition by vaginal SMCs (VSMCs) isolated from lysyl oxidase, like–1 knock out (LOXL1 KO) mouse model of POP. Cells isolated from whole vagina of a LOXL1 KO mouse (multiparous, stage 3 prolapse) were cultured and identified as SMCs, by their expression of various SMC markers. Passage 2 vaginal SMCs (VSMCs; 3×104/10 cm2) were cultured for 21 days, with EFs. Cell layers and spent medium aliquots were assessed for elastin content and quality. EF-treated VSMCs proliferated at a similar rate to untreated controls, but synthesized more total elastin, primarily in the form of soluble matrix elastin. Elastin mRNA was also increased compared to controls. The elastic matrix was significantly denser in EF-treated cultures, which was composed of more mature, non-interrupted elastic fibers that were absent in controls. The results are promising towards development of a therapy, to enhance regenerative elastic matrix repair in post–partum female pelvic floor tissues.
The Kingdom of Quito, 1690-1830: The State and Regional Development

Spanish colonialism exacted a high price from its subjects, promoting economic dependency as the accompaniment of a more vital, diversified economy based on a mix of industry and agriculture. The result was a legacy of underdevelopment, domestic social inequities, and economic subordination to the North Atlantic world. This volume examines how Spanish colonial policies contributed to profound socioeconomic changes, leading to patterns of underdevelopment in the Kingdom of Quito (modern Ecuador) from 1690 to 1830.
Imaging H2O Photofragments in the Predissociation of the HCl−H2O Hydrogen-Bonded Dimer

The state-to-state vibrational predissociation (VP) dynamics of the hydrogen-bonded HCl-H(2)O dimer was studied following excitation of the dimer's HCl stretch by detecting the H(2)O fragment. Velocity map imaging (VMI) and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) were used to determine pair-correlated product energy distributions. Following vibrational excitation of the HCl stretch of the dimer, H(2)O fragments were detected by 2 + 1 REMPI via the C (1)B(1) (000) ← X (1)A(1) (000) transition. REMPI spectra clearly show H(2)O from dissociation produced in the ground vibrational state. The fragments' center-of-mass (c.m.) translational energy distributions were determined from images of selected rotational states of H(2)O and were converted to rotational state distributions of the HCl cofragment. The distributions were consistent with the previously measured dissociation energy of D(0) = 1334 ± 10 cm(-1) and show a clear preference for rotational levels in the HCl fragment that minimize translational energy release. The usefulness of 2 + 1 REMPI detection of water fragments is discussed.
Effectiveness of Online Videos to Modify Students’ Knowledge and Perceived Barriers Regarding Study Abroad Opportunities

The need to increase the number of students participating in study abroad is a goal that higher education must recognize. For ten years, the level of participation among students enrolled in colleges of agricultural sciences has remained at constant level. In a society that is globally interconnected, it is imperative that future graduates comprehend various dimensions of culture, agricultural production, and economy to succeed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of online videos to modify students’ knowledge and perceived barriers regarding study abroad opportunities. The objectives of this paper are: 1. Describe the amount of learning obtained through watching study abroad videos; 2. Determine changes to students’ perceived barriers regarding their possible participation in study abroad programs. In order to assess students’ perceptions, three online videos were developed. Videos were based on a semester-long study abroad program in Russia and two study tour programs in Puerto Rico and Brazil, respectively. A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. One hundred fifty six students from nine sections of the first year seminar participated in the study. In this study, the use of online videos was effective in communicating information and diminishing the perceived barriers to study abroad. Other colleges and programs could use this strategy to promote their international programs. In addition, administrators could use the results of this study to develop online videos to teach content and dispel myths regarding study abroad programs.
Analysis of Vehicle Class Contributions to Total DNL Response

Aviation operations are projected to increase, potentially resulting in increased environmental impacts with respect to fuel burn, NOx emissions, and community noise. A number of programs are involved in identifying technological advances required to mitigate these environmental impacts. These technologies must be analyzed at the vehicle-level, but also at the fleet-level to predict the expected impact in the face of increasing operations. Airport community noise is particularly difficult to model due to the spatial and temporal nature of noise, resulting in a reduced understanding of the fleet-level impacts that are possible as a result of certain aircraft-level changes. The objective of this research is to analyze the contribution to the total DNL response at several airport types. By utilizing a generic framework to intelligently reduce aircraft and airport diversity, contributions of aircraft types at different airport types can be reported. Results included spatial analysis of noise contributions, concluding that the largest contributors affect the lateral regions of a noise contour, while a greater number of vehicle classes impact the noise near the ground track. Results demonstrate that there is some variation in the greatest contributors by airport type. The Large Twin-Aisle and the Very Large Aircraft classes contributions are generally not significant to the airport noise response. Two notional technology infusion scenarios were examined for an approximate time-frame of 2030. The results show that Large Single-Aisle aircraft dominate the total noise response in this forecast year.
Risk of Epilepsy after Perinatal Stroke

The prevalence and severity of epilepsy after 6 months of age in 64 children with a history of perinatal stroke were studied by a retrospective review of patients at Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN.
In Media We Distrust The Interplay of Message, Context, and Media Trust on Campaign Message Effects

The internet allows politicians to deliver controlled messages via campaign websites, but citizens often turn to other sources (e.g., news websites) for political information. Using the cognitive response model as a framework, this article considers how varying contexts may affect the way citizens process candidate messages. We experimentally test the interaction of media trust, media context, and message content on evaluation of and support for a candidate. A national adult sample viewed a candidate profile on either the candidate’s website or CNN.com, and the profile contained either subtle or vivid religious cues. Those high in media trust who saw the CNN profile rated the candidate highest, but only when it contained subtle religious cues. Our findings suggest that while message source and media trust can condition message effects, these factors have less influence in the presence of strong message cues.
A Process Using Ontology to Automate the Operationalization of Pattern-Based Learning Scenarios

For most teachers-designers, operationalizing learning scenarios based on patterns just replicates traditional ways by adding course content and multimedia elements on learning management systems (LMS). We aim to go beyond this method by trying to engage the teachers-designers to design deployable learning scenarios. Using patterns for their design is proven to be an adequate solution to seek balance between the need of expressive instructional scenarios, and the technical constraints that occur while deploying these scenarios on learning management systems. Pattern’s formal description is needed in order to translate the concepts of a pedagogical scenario, according to those embedded in the LMS. In this paper, we propose a process to structure, index, formalize, and finally adapt and operationalize the pattern-based learning scenarios. The presented process shows how the use of an ontology modeling learning scenario’s concepts helps the automation of deploying the learning scenarios on an LMS. For that, this ontology has been extended with one representing a learning platform paradigm.
Estrogen Receptor Beta Signaling: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Gliomas

G are the most common and devastating central nervous system neoplasms. A gender bias exists in their development: females are at lower risk than males, implicating estrogen-mediated protective effects. Estrogen functions are mediated by two ER subtypes: ERα, that functions as tumor promoter and ERβ that function as tumor suppressor. We examined the potential use of ERβ agonists as a novel therapeutic to curb the growth of gliomas. Western analysis of six glioma model cells showed detectable expression of ERβ with little or no ERa. Treatment of glioma cells with ERb agonists resulted in significant decrease in proliferation. IHC analysis of tumor tissues revealed that ERb expression is down regulated in high-grade gliomas. We found that ERb agonists promote both expression and tumor suppressive functions of ERb in glioma cells. Liquiritigenin, a plant-derived ERβ agonist significantly reduced in vivo tumor growth in a xenograft model. Compared to control mice, animals treated with liquiritigenin had greater than 50% reduction in tumor volume and size. IHC analysis of tumors revealed a significant increase in the nuclear ERβ expression with a concomitant decrease in cell proliferation in the liquiritigenin-treated group. Our results suggest that ERb signaling has a tumor suppressive function in gliomas. Since ERβ agonists are currently in clinical trials and are well tolerated with fewer side effects, identification of an ERb agonist as a therapeutic agent can be readily extended to clinical use with current chemotherapies, providing an additional tool for enhancing survival in glioma patients. Ratna K Vadlamudi, J Cancer Sci Ther 2012, 4:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.S1.024
Viability of the World Health Organization quality of life measure to assess changes in quality of life following treatment for alcohol use disorder.

Quality of life is an outcome often examined in treatment research contexts such as biomedical trials, but has been studied less often in alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment. The importance of considering QoL in substance use treatment research has recently been voiced, and measures of QoL have been administered in large AUD treatment trials. Yet, the viability of popular QoL measures has never been evaluated in AUD treatment samples. Accordingly, the present manuscript describes a psychometric examination of and prospective changes in the World Health Organization Quality of Life measure (WHOQOL-BREF) in a large sample (N = 1383) of patients with AUD recruited for the COMBINE Study. Specifically, we examined the construct validity (via confirmatory factor analyses), measurement invariance across time, internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and effect sizes of post-treatment changes in the WHOQOL-BREF. Confirmatory factor analyses of the WHOQOL-BREF provided acceptable fit to the current data and this model was invariant across time. Internal consistency reliability was excellent (α > .9) for the full WHOQOL-BREF for each timepoint; the WHOQOL-BREF had good convergent validity, and medium effect size improvements were found in the full COMBINE sample across time. These findings suggest that the WHOQOL-BREF is an appropriate measure to use in samples with AUD, that the WHOQOL-BREF scores may be examined over time (e.g., from pre- to post-treatment), and the WHOQOL-BREF may be used to assess improvements in quality of life in AUD research.
Search and recovery of autobiographical and laboratory memories: Shared and distinct neural components.

Abstract Functional neuroimaging evidence suggests that there are differences in the neural correlates of episodic memory for laboratory stimuli (laboratory memory) and for events from one’s own life (autobiographical memory). However, this evidence is scarce and often confounded with differences in memory testing procedures. Here, we directly compared the neural mechanisms underlying the search and recovery of autobiographical and laboratory memories while minimizing testing differences. Before scanning, participants completed a laboratory memory encoding task in which they studied four-word “chains” spread across three word pairs. During scanning, participants completed a laboratory memory retrieval task, in which they recalled the word chains, and an autobiographical memory retrieval task, in which they recalled specific personal events associated with word cues. Importantly, response times were similar in the two tasks, allowing for a direct comparison of the activation time courses. We found that during memory search (searching for the memory target), similar brain regions were activated during both the autobiographical and laboratory tasks, whereas during memory recovery (accessing the memory traces; i.e., ecphory), clear differences emerged: regions of the default mode network (DMN) were activated greater during autobiographical than laboratory memory, whereas the bilateral superior parietal lobules were activated greater during laboratory than autobiographical memory. Also, multivariate functional connectivity analyses revealed that regardless of memory stage, the DMN and ventral attention network exhibited a more integrated topology in the functional network underlying autobiographical (vs. laboratory) memory retrieval, whereas the fronto-parietal task control network exhibited a more integrated topology in the functional network underlying laboratory (vs. autobiographical) memory retrieval. These findings further characterize the shared and distinct neural components underlying autobiographical and laboratory memories, and suggest that differences in autobiographical vs. laboratory memory brain activation previously reported in the literature reflect memory recovery rather than search differences.
Scale of Body Connection: A multi-sample construct validation study.

The Scale of Body Connection (SBC) was created to address the need for a self-report measure to examine body awareness and bodily dissociation in mind-body research. Developed in the U.S.A., it has been translated into many languages and tested for validity of scale translation. The burgeoning of mind-body research and the widespread use of the SBC scale underscored the need for critical assessment of the instrument’s measurement properties. Thus, a broader evaluation of the SBC was designed using large samples from eight international, cross-sectional studies drawn from community (i.e., non-clinical) populations. Specifically, we assessed scale distribution properties and internal consistency reliabity, and using confirmatory factory analysis we evaluated scale contruct validity and compared male/female measurement models. The results indicated acceptable reliability for both the body awareness and bodily dissociation scales, and a good fit between the proposed theoretic model and the data, providing evidence of construct validity across all samples. Mean differences in body awareness were observed for males vs. females in most samples, with females generally showing higher body awareness compared to males. Multi-group structural equation modeling demonstrated a stable latent factor structure and factor loadings, indicating equivalent measurement models for males and females. In summary, this multi-sample study demonstrated SBC construct validity that supports its use in clinical research as a brief, readily translated, easy to administer measure of body awareness and bodily dissociation.
Fred Vinson and the Chief Justiceship

FFABLE, KINDLY FRED VINSON was a one-man multi-purpose project. Memory recalls few Americans with as many careers and as many successes. He was an influential Congressman, a lower court judge, head of a great lending agency, a Cabinet member, a friend and adviser of Presidents. Perhaps the pinnacle of his career, if not in prestige then in accomplishment, was his World War II service as head of the Offices of Economic Stabilization and of War Mobilization and Recon-
Abstract A156: Traditional chemotherapeutic agents as selective inhibitors of glutaminase isozymes

Most cancer cells undergo a number of metabolic changes, which dramatically alter their nutritional and energetic pathways. One such alteration is an addiction to glutamine, an abundant nutrient in blood that is much less utilized by healthy tissues. The glutaminase enzymes help cancer cells satisfy their metabolic requirements by acting as the first step in glutamine’s supply of carbon into the citric acid cycle. Two major isozymes of glutaminase exist, a kidney isozyme and a liver isozyme, and these are differentially expressed across different cancers. While the importance of these enzymes has been increasingly appreciated in the literature, and the inhibition of either enzyme has been shown to be detrimental to the growth of numerous cancers both in cell culture and in vivo, medicinal chemistry efforts to target either enzyme have largely involved just one class of compound, based around the scaffold of BPTES, which potently inhibits only the kidney glutaminase isozyme. It is generally accepted that most drugs have at least one off-target or biologic activity that was not intended. In order to determine new inhibitors of either isozyme of glutaminase, we examined the approved oncology drug set from the NIH, which included 119 FDA-approved, clinically relevant compounds. By assaying inhibition of the function of recombinantly expressed purified enzymes, and examining the production of ammonia (a byproduct of glutaminase catalytic activity) in drug-treated cancer cells, we found that several of the drugs in the library, such as cisplatin, not only inhibit glutaminase at biologically meaningful concentrations, but inhibit one isozyme much more potently than the other. This study both shows the power of screening traditional chemotherapeutic agents against more recently identified therapeutic targets and reveals several new scaffolds that might be optimized to potently inhibit these critical enzymes. Citation Format: William P. Katt, Richard A. Cerione. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents as selective inhibitors of glutaminase isozymes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A156.
Mesomorphic Behavior in Silver(I) N-(4-Pyridyl) Benzamide with Aromatic π–π Stacking Counterions

Organic semiconductor materials composed of π⁻π stacking aromatic compounds have been under intense investigation for their potential uses in flexible electronics and other advanced technologies. Herein we report a new family of seven π⁻π stacking compounds of silver(I) bis-N-(4-pyridyl) benzamide with varying counterions, namely [Ag(NPBA)2]X, where NPBA is N-(4-pyridyl) benzamine, X = NO₃- (1), ClO₄- (2), CF₃SO₃- (3), PF₆- (4), BF₄- (5), CH₃PhSO₃- (6), and PhSO₃- (7), which form extended π-π stacking networks in one-dimensional (1D), 2D and 3D directions in the crystalline solid-state via the phenyl moiety, with average inter-ring distances of 3.823 A. Interestingly, the counterions that contain π⁻π stacking-capable groups, such as in 6 and 7, can induce the formation of mesomorphic phases at 130 °C in dimethylformamide (DMF), and can generate highly branched networks at the mesoscale. Atomic force microscopy studies showed that 2D interconnected fibers form right after nucleation, and they extend from ~30 nm in diameter grow to reach the micron scale, which suggests that it may be possible to stop the process in order to obtain nanofibers. Differential scanning calorimetry studies showed no remarkable thermal behavior in the complexes in the solid state, which suggests that the mesomorphic phases originate from the mechanisms that occur in the DMF solution at high temperatures. An all-electron level simulation of the band gaps using NRLMOL (Naval Research Laboratory Molecular Research Library) on the crystals gave 3.25 eV for (1), 3.68 eV for (2), 1.48 eV for (3), 5.08 eV for (4), 1.53 eV for (5), and 3.55 eV for (6). Mesomorphic behavior in materials containing π⁻π stacking aromatic interactions that also exhibit low-band gap properties may pave the way to a new generation of highly branched organic semiconductors.
Other Potentially Life-Threatening Conditions with Mucocutaneous Findings (Leptospirosis, Typhoid Fever, Dengue, Diphtheria, Murine Typhus)

There are several conditions with mucocutaneous findings that are potentially life-threatening, particularly in certain vulnerable populations. In this chapter, leptospirosis, typhoid fever, dengue, diphtheria, and murine typhus are reviewed. The disease time course of classic and atypical presentations is detailed to assist making the diagnosis in subtle cases. Associated symptoms are discussed as well as a comparison with disease mimics and differential diagnoses. Key diagnostic features are emphasized, and evidence-based management of each condition is detailed in this chapter.
Utilizing multi-stage behavior change theory to model the process of bike share adoption

Abstract This paper studies bike share adoption decisions as a dynamic change process from early contemplation to consolidated user status. This runs counter to the typical representation of mode adoption decisions as an instantaneous shift from pre to post usage. A two-level nested logit model that draws from the stage-of-change framework posited by the Transtheoretical Model is developed to study the adoption process. Using survey data collected from an online U.S. sample (n = 910), the model illustrates how personal, psychosocial, and community-oriented factors influence the probability of transitioning between different levels of readiness to participate in a bike share scheme. The findings suggest that encouraging forward movement in the contemplation-use ladder requires tailored, stage-specific interventions that are likely be overlooked if instead a one-size-fits-all psychological theory is applied to investigate travel behavior. In particular, the intermediate stages encapsulate more flexible (i.e. less habitual) orientation among respondents. Among the explanatory variables, the pronounced elasticities for active travel identity formation and norm integration are especially significant for crafting policies that influence bike share membership decisions. This paper adds to the nascent literature on the behavioral foundations of shared mobility adoption. The findings are translated to practical interventions, from operations to design and community-initiatives to guide practitioners seeking to promote bike share. The stage-based adoption representation helps to align interventions across the spectrum of user readiness to translate intention into behavior.
Research of Wis Comfort on ultrafilters and the Stone-Čech compactification

Abstract I survey the publications of Wis Comfort whose main subject was either the Stone-Cech compactification of a completely regular Hausdorff space or the set of ultrafilters on a given set. These areas are tied together by the fact that if X is a discrete space, its Stone-Cech compactification can be viewed as the set of ultrafilters on X.
Incremental Prognostic Value of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy, Transradial Access, and Door-to-Balloon Time on Outcomes in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Systems to improve ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care have traditionally focused on improving door-to-balloon time. However, prompt guideline-directed medical thera...
Preparing Preservice Teachers to Manage Behavior Problems in the Classroom: The Feasibility and Acceptability of Using a Mixed-Reality Simulator:

Given the high percentage of new teachers who struggle with classroom management, preservice educators need more opportunities to develop their skills in managing challenging student behaviors prio...
Safety and Feasibility of Ultrasound-Guided Gastric Access for Percutaneous Transabdominal Gastrostomy Tube Placement.

Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of ultrasound guidance gastric access for percutaneous retrograde transabdominal gastrostomy (G)-tube placement. Methods Twenty-eight patients undergoing 31 percutaneous retrograde transabdominal G-tube placements utilizing ultrasound-guided gastric accesses were retrospectively identified. Results All patients had successful placement of G tubes with ultrasound-guided gastric access. There were no cases of aspiration or peritonitis. Average fluoroscopy time was 2.7 ± 1.4 min and average radiation dose was 220 ± 202 µGym2. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided access for gastrostomy placement is safe and feasible and can be performed with minimal fluoroscopy times resulting in low patient and operator radiation dose.
Resting state auditory-language cortex connectivity is associated with hallucinations in clinical and biological subtypes of psychotic disorders.

Abstract Background Auditory hallucinations are prevalent across the major psychotic disorders, but their underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Limited prior work supports a hypothesis of altered auditory/language brain systems. To more definitively assess this, we examined whether alterations in resting state connectivity of auditory and language cortices are associated with hallucination severity in a large sample of individuals in the schizo-bipolar spectrum. Methods Whole brain resting state connectivity of auditory and language cortex (primary auditory cortex, unimodal auditory association cortex, Wernicke’s area [speech and heteromodal association cortex] and Broca’s area [speech production motor]) was evaluated for 243 subjects with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or bipolar disorder with psychosis and 186 healthy controls from the Bipolar Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) study. Regression analyses were conducted to evaluate whether resting state connectivity of auditory and language cortex was a significant predictor of current overall hallucination severity (information about specific modality of hallucinations experienced was not available). Results Increased connectivity between lower and higher order regions of left temporal-parietal auditory/language processing cortex was associated with worse hallucination severity for all psychosis patients. Additionally, within bipolar subjects, increased interhemispheric connectivity between higher order temporal-parietal auditory/language regions was related to greater hallucination severity. When patients were categorized by B-SNIP biomarker-based Biotype groups, interhemispheric connectivity between left auditory association cortex and right core auditory cortex was related to greater hallucination severity for Biotype 1 patients. Exploratory analyses resulted in different patterns of connectivity of auditory/language cortex in patients and controls, unrelated to current hallucination severity. Conclusions Although the findings cannot be precisely attributed to auditory hallucination severity or possible differences in such experiences between groups, increased connectivity among the left hemisphere auditory and receptive language cortex may represent a significant factor contributing to hallucination severity across psychotic disorders, and additional subgroup specific connectivity alterations may also be present.
Ultra-high temperature space power applications

Abstract This chapter discusses the application of ultrahigh temperature thermal energy storage (TES) and conversion to spacecraft systems. The use of silicon and boron as phase change materials (PCMs) is of primary interest for spacecraft in the context of a thermal rocket. The history of this concept is discussed as applied to solar thermal propulsion and dual-use radioisotope propulsion and power systems. In both the cases the use of high-temperature PCMs as a primary thermal capacitor has been frequently cited as beneficial, but investigations seldom go beyond the conceptual phase. For solar thermal propulsion, the inclusion of PCMs can drastically decrease the volume and mass of a propulsion system, provided that effective convective coupling to the PCM is achieved in the heat exchanger. However, the benefits of solar thermal propulsion have historically been relegated to niche mission scenarios. The more compelling application of ultrahigh temperature PCMs is in a pulsed radioisotope propulsion and power system where it is a truly enabling technology offering both high specific energy and power. It is suggested that future development efforts would focus on characterizing convective coupling to a latent heat storage medium since all applications require some form of heat exchange with a working fluid. A meaningful mission design cannot just look at material properties and must include effective energy transfer for an optimized heat exchanger to determine the net system benefit. Ultimately, this chapter highlights benefits that can be obtained by latent heat TES but cautions that the ultimate benefit to a spacecraft system is mission-dependent and will rely on a distinct mission need for a high specific power and energy system to justify technological investment.
Imaging human skin autograft integration with optical coherence tomography.

Background Skin autografting is a common clinical procedure for reconstructive surgery. Despite its widespread use, very few studies have been conducted to non-invasively evaluate and monitor the vascular and structural features of skin grafts. This study, therefore, aims to demonstrate the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) alongside OCT-based angiography (OCTA) to non-invasively image and monitor human skin graft health and integration over time. Methods An in-house-built clinical prototype OCT system was used to acquire OCT/OCTA images from patients who underwent split-thickness skin graft surgery following severe burn damage to the skin. The OCT imaging was carried out at multiple locations over multiple time points with a field of view of ~9 mm × 9 mm and a penetration depth of ~1.5 mm. In addition to obtaining high-resolution qualitative images, we also quantitatively measured and compared specific structural and vascular parameters, such as identifiable layer thickness and corresponding vascular area density and diameter. Results Two patients (patient #1 and #2) were enrolled for this preliminary study. Vascular and structural features were successfully imaged and measured in the graft tissue and integration layer immediately beneath at different time points. Revascularization, healing, and integration were monitored with patient-specific details. Results of the quantitative image analysis from patient #1 indicated that integration layer thickness 16-day post-surgery was significantly less (~50%) than that of 7-day post-surgery. Additionally, with patient #2, significant growth (~20%) was seen with the vascular area density of both the graft and corresponding integration layer beneath between 6 and 14 days post-surgery. Conclusions Our preliminary studies show that OCT/OCTA has clinical potential to image and measure numerous features of human skin graft health and integration in the days and weeks following split-thickness surgery. For the first time, we demonstrate the applicability of non-invasive imaging technology for novel clinical uses that could eventually aid in the betterment of surgical practices and clinical outcomes.
Effective Palliative Care in the Trauma Setting

A 55-year-old man undergoes emergent exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy following a motorcycle collision. Following surgery, he is found to have a traumatic brain injury requiring decompressive craniectomy and intracranial pressure monitoring. The patient then continues to have complications throughout his hospital course. Using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program guidelines, the surgical team has early and ongoing primary palliative care discussions to foster communication and determine goals of care for the patient. As the patient deteriorates, the surgical team continues meeting with the patient's surrogate decision makers to discuss the best case and worst case scenarios regarding the patient's prognosis and expected quality of life.
The Public Health Penalty of Attending to the Proximal

Clearly, a distal approach to this challenge would be to dismantle a system of incarceration that also doubles as a system of housing people with mental illness and to replace that with a compassionate approach that considers how we tackle the influences that might drive mental illness and how we create systems that can provide support and care for persons with mental illness rather than consign them to a carceral system that, at best, does not tend to their core mental health problems and, at worst, exacerbates them 5 The challenge for public health is that we have a large, and seemingly intractable, system of incarceration as a clear and present reality, and thinking only about undoing such a system exposes us to reasonable charges of unhelpful idealism Hedden et al study such systems with the aim of finding whether race/ethnicity is associated with access to jail- and community-based mental health treatment Given the simple observation that those with more power, privilege, and access are more likely to obtain benefit from any intervention,6 even in, for example, a jail system, it stands to reason that an intervention that targets only the more proximal mechanisms of action will result in exposing underlying inequities, potentially widening health gaps
Cast immobilization in bayonet position versus reduction and pin fixation of overriding distal metaphyseal radius fractures in children under ten years of age: a case control study.

Purpose Completely displaced distal radius fractures in children have been traditionally reduced and immobilized with a cast or pin fixed. Cast immobilization leaving the fracture displaced in the ...