cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arctic Ocean Ice Cover and Its Late Cenozoic History

Foraminifera abundance patterns and accompanying sediment analysis from Arctic Ocean sediment cores are useful tools in paleoecologic interpretations. In the Brunhes interval, there are at least two abundance peaks of Foraminifera; one, representing present conditions, in the top part of all cores, and the other near the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary (700,000 yrs B.P.). In addition, many cores show a continual fluctuating abundance pattern throughout the Brunhes interval. Cores with older age sediment have two additional Foraminifera abundance peaks, both in the Maruyama. The younger is in the middle part of the Maruyama and the older is near the time of the Olduvai Event in the early part of the Matuyama. Study of the oldest age sediment available (middle Pliocene) confirms that Foraminifera never have been more abundant in the Arctic Ocean than they are today. Therefore, the ice-covered conditions of the present are taken to represent the warmest conditions necessary to explain other older abundance peaks in the cores. If carbonate solution is eliminated as an explanation, the intervals of few or no Foraminifera must represent conditions quite different from those represented by the abundance peaks and the present. The equilibrium ice conditions of the modern Arctic Ocean could be altered by minor atmospheric variations. Thicker ice could form rather quickly and rather simply and this could upset plankton productivity. Thicker ice could also prevent a free accumulation of coarse detritus and erratics such as accumulate in the Arctic Basin today. These sediment types generally are most abundant during times of abundant Foraminifera deposition and are rare in the intervals during which few or no Foraminifera were deposited. These factors considered together lead to the theory that the Arctic Ocean has been frozen since at least the middle Pliocene and that the most significant change in the Arctic ice has been in its thickness. Thicker ice restricted photosynthesis and Foraminifera productivity. Times of thinner ice with conditions more like those of the present are represented by abundance peaks of Foraminifera and concentrations of glacially rafted material. None of the patterns of Foraminifera abundance or glacially rafted material show good correlation with the classical continental glacial stages. Continental glaciers advanced and retreated in the northern hemisphere while the Arctic ice-cover remained relatively stable. There would be important ecologic, economic, and political problems if the Arctic Ocean were to become ice-free. The historical evidence does not support the idea that a renewed pattern of Pleistocene glaciation would be one of the problems, however.
MATLAB-based automated patch-clamp system for awake behaving mice

Automation has been an important part of biomedical research for decades, and the use of automated and robotic systems is now standard for such tasks as DNA sequencing, microfluidics, and high-thro...
Total Cross Sections for the Scattering of Low-Energy Electrons by Excited Sodium Atoms

Preliminary values of the total scattering cross section of electrons on 3P3/2 sodium atoms have been measured at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 eV by an atomic double-recoil method. The atoms are excited by a single-mode tunable dye laser. The atomic recoil due to resonant photon interactions is used to spatially separate the excited atoms and to determine the fraction of excited atoms. Standard recoil techniques are used to determine the total cross sections. The results are compared with close-coupling calculations.
Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a patient with sickle cell disease, successfully treated with eculizumab

Keywords: sickle cell disease; atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome; eculizumab; thrombotic microangiopathy; complement mutations
Interfacial effects in magnetoelectric thin/thick composite films

This study reports the effect of interfacial structure on the magnetoelectric and ferroelectric characteristics in magnetoelectric laminate thin/thick films. Both bilayer and trilayer magnetoelectric heterostructures were deposited on a Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sol-gel deposition (SGD) respectively. BaTiO3 [BTO] / Pb(Zr0.6Ti0.4)O3 [PZT] and CoFe2O4 [CFO] were used as piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials. The interface between CFO/PZT and CFO/BTO films was found to exhibit excellent interface without any cracks or delamination. PLD grown BTO on CFO was found to exhibit the columnar structure. SG deposited PZT/CFO/PZT tri-layer structure exhibited granular structure with high density. Ferroelectric and magnetoelectric coefficient of as-grown films was investigated to understand the effect of interface characteristics. Good ME coupling for the trilayer structure provided important insight about the nature of elastic strain coupling.
Resident death due to injury in Wucheng district of Jinhua city in the period of 2004 to 2005

ObjectiveTo probe into death level,epidemiological characteristics of residents death due to injury and strategies of prevention and control in Wucheng district of Jinhua city.Method Injure death was analyzed based on Wucheng's urban resident's death materials in the period of 2004 to 2005.Results Injure mortality was 63.55 per a hundred thousand,and standardized mortality was 53.89 per a hundred thousand,which ranked the fifth of death table.Injury mortality of females is higher than that of males,and injury death occurred more in the countryside than in the urban areas.The top five causes of injury death are traffic accident,unexpected fall,suicide,drowning and transportation accident.As to PYLL sequence,it ranks the second only to malignant tumour.With exception of injury death,life expectancies of males and females are 74.8 years old and 79.92 years old,respectively,which are raised by 1.62 and 1.37,respectively.Conclusion Injury death is one of the main reasons for early death of residents of Wucheng district.Effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of injury death.
Regulation of Na channels in the rat cortical collecting tubule: effects of cAMP and methyl donors.

The whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the interactions of the amiloride-sensitive Na channel of the rat cortical collecting tubule (CCT) with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosp...
Preconceptional considerations and counseling for the infertile couple.

pproximately 15% to 20% of couples of reproductive age have difficulty conceiving or maintaining a spontaneous pregnancy. In 2002, 1.2 million (2%) women of reproductive age reported having an infertility-related medical appointment within the previous year, and approximately 9% of women ages 18 to 44 reported receiving an infertility service at some point that included advice on infertility and/or testing and services for infertility. 1 Infertility impacts every racial and ethnic group and can cause significant emotional distress in a couple’s relationship when an anticipated pregnancy does not occur in the time period in which they expected to start a family. A period of one year of unprotected intercourse without a spontaneous conception typically defines infertility. 2 There are a number of factors that can lead to infertility. Approximately 20% of infertility is related to male factors. Female factors account for 40%, and 30% can be related to both male and female factors. Unfortunately, in 15% of cases the etiology of infertility cannot be traced to any specific cause. For healthy reproductive age couples, spontaneous pregnancy is usually achieved within six months of unprotected intercourse during the female’s fertile period. For couples less than 30 years of age, failure to achieve spontaneous pregnancy after six cycles of unprotected intercourse is classified as subfertile. 3,4 However, 50% of these couples will become pregnant within the next six cycles on their own. Being patient, eliminating stressors in professional and personal lives, and using timed intercourse and ovulation predictors will likely lead to successful conception for these couples. For the infertile couple, the cumulative probability of spontaneous conception is age-dependent and declines particularly for females in their mid-30s to early 40s. Unlike the typical pregnancy in the US that is unplanned in nearly 50% of couples, the infertile couple has made a conscious decision that they desire pregnancy and, for the most part, are thoroughly invested in optimizing the chances for a successful outcome. However, the financial and emotional burden for evaluation and treatment of the infertile couple is significant. As such, preconceptional counseling about all aspects of preconceptional and pregnancy care, including ramifications and potential outcomes, should be discussed with both partners prior to embarking upon infertility treatment. The age of the couple (the woman in particular), family history, and past and current history of medical conditions can have a direct impact on pregnancy complications and a healthy pregnancy outcome. The inability to become pregnant spontaneously is associated with many emotions including shame, guilt, anxiety, and depression. Studies suggest that as many as 40% of infertility patients suffer anxiety that may lead to major depression.
Safety and Quality of 1.5-T MRI in Patients With Conventional and MRI-Conditional Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices After Implementation of a Standardized Protocol

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and diagnostic utility of 1.5-T MRI examinations of individuals with conventional and MRI-conditional cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Patients with a CIED who were referred for MRI were evaluated by radiologists and cardiac electrophysiologists for study participation. CIED interrogation was performed immediately before and after MRI, and cardiac telemetry monitoring was performed during MRI. CIED programming changes, malfunctions, and intraprocedural events were documented. Whether diagnostic questions were answered and whether artifacts related to the CIED were present and negatively affected image interpretation were recorded. RESULTS. One hundred thirteen MRI examinations were performed for 104 patients with CIEDs (74 pacemakers [60 conventional, 14 MRI conditional]; 39 implantable cardiac defibrillators). Device reprogramming was required before MRI for 62.8% of studies (71/113). No significant chang...
Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction: Implications for Consumer Protection Agencies

Consumer protection agency personnel may benefit from an understanding of the consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction literature. Research in the consumer complaining behavior area is especially applicable to the agency’s roles of mediator and educator. An overview of the literature and observations drawn from agency experience are bases for the authors’ conclusions.
Current Therapies and Future Directions in Treatment of Glioblastoma

The current standard of care for initial treatment of adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) constitutes maximal safe resection followed by concurrent chemoradiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide; recent studies have shown improvement in survival benefit with the addition of tumor treatment fields (TTF) to this regimen. For recurrent disease, lomustine and bevacizumab yield benefit in progression-free survival but not in overall survival. Recent advances in the understanding of the biology of GBM have provided the basis for new therapeutic approaches against these tumors. However, the initial promise of agents targeted against specific pathways active in GBM failed to yield the expected improvement in outcome likely due to intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Current efforts are focused on immunotherapy, biological agents and combination targeted therapies to overcome these challenges. Additionally, ongoing research to better understand the basis of tumor heterogeneity is expected to provide new insights that can help broadly target GBMs that can translate into improved survival and quality of life for these patients. This review provides an outline of current treatments and examines the newer approaches that bear promise to provide a meaningful improvement in outcome of patients with GBM.
Advances in plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence phenomena and their possible effect on light harvesting for energy applications

The focus of the review is on the recent advances of inorganic materials used for upconversion luminescence as well as the effect of plasmonic metals on the efficiency of the overall system. Central to the review is the effect of these upconverting luminescence materials coupled with plasmonic metals on photovoltaic cells and photocatalysts performance. The diffuse nature of sun light on earth (low flux) and its weak energy (low frequency) are the main hurdles for practical applications related to energy-intensive processes. Upconversion luminescence materials increase light energy (high frequency) with weak efficiency, and when combined with plasmonics (potentially providing high local light flux), the overall efficiency of the system can be improved. Examples in this review are exclusively based on lanthanide compounds as light-converting devices and on Au and Ag as plasmonic metals. Due to the so called ‘lanthanides contraction,’ the f-orbitals of lanthanide cations are shielded from the outside environment (chemical bonds) when compared to early transition metals. This and the many energy levels associated with these f-orbitals make them (particularly the Ln3+ 4f10, 4f11, 4f12, and 4f13) the most suitable materials for multiple energy transfer systems so far. While upconversion luminescence was first observed over half a century ago, since the pioneering work of Auzel, coupling it with plasmonics has only attracted attention in the last few years, and a limited amount of work is currently available. This review has compiled representative work in the field with the aim to motivate researchers to exploit this concept, which is central to light–matter interaction, and its effect on chemical reactions relevant to energy and the environment. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e254. doi: 10.1002/wene.254 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Measurement and Its Pitfalls

By now we have given enough examples of measurements of quantities—such as numbers of cholera cases per 10,000 houses, temperatures, weights of hot and cold bodies, rates of mental disorders, and cancer in different places—to make it apparent that measurement plays a central role in science. While not every scientific fact is a numerical one, nor every scientific theory a predictor of numerical magnitudes, so many are that we cannot conceive of modern science without the process of measurement.
The U.S. Supreme Court's First Amendment Refusal to Protect Children Regarding Sexually Explicit Speech on the Internet

This international conference paper examines how the U.S. Supreme Court’s Internet free speech decisions fail to protect children from sexually explicit “indecent” speech. This is troubling. The Court even invalidated a federal law focused on children, modeled after the Court’s own obscenity doctrine. The Court’s initial decisions were based on strict scrutiny. This paper, however, criticizes early Internet cases, as well as “modern Internet 2.0” cases for failing to protect children. Recently, the Court even used a more lenient intermediate scrutiny, but still struck down a state law that precluded convicted sex offenders from accessing social media Web sites open to juveniles. Though the law was not well crafted, the Court showed little concern about children, while reasoning that pedophiles could make socially productive use of these sites. This paper advocates the Supreme Court jettison scrutiny levels here that often reach the wrong results. Instead, the Court should adopt a balancing test similar to that used in Europe. This test would be more factually nuanced, consistent in the long run, and protect children. This paper was part of a symposium on “Digitization and the Law” sponsored by the University of Wurzburg.
Free oscillations illuminate the mantle

Seismic waves created by large earthquakes can tell us a lot about the inner structure of the Earth. Studies of 'normal mode' oscillations — standing wave patterns — are providing a more complete picture of the Earth's mantle, and may help distinguish between competing theories of mantle convection.
Voices of African American Boys with Behavior Problems: Perspectives on Schooling.

The authors examined the perspectives of African American boys on topics related to culturally responsive teaching, cultural discontinuity, and differential treatment. Participants in focus group interviews were 19 elementary and middle school students identified as having emotional and behavioral disorders or chronic behavior problems. Transcripts of the taped interviews were coded and analyzed for common themes. Students described good and caring teachers as those who provided assistance to them, did not give up on them, made them behave, and helped them stay out of trouble. The students' beliefs about the importance of earning respect from their peers, the importance of standing up for themselves in physical and verbal challenges, and the lack of reliance on teachers to resolve conflicts are not consistent with expected school behaviors and put the students at risk for conflicts and misunderstandings. Attitudes toward academic achievement varied by school, with students from one of the middle schools s...
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and In Situ PCR

The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization to chromosomes allows each member of the karyotype to be distinguished from all others. This technique can be used to detect changes in chromosomes. Individual genes and transgenes can be placed to chromosome as well. Here we describe the techniques used for chromosome identification, single-gene detection, and retroelement genome painting and the use of banding paints that cover individual chromosomes. Several applications of these techniques are discussed. Primed in situ labeling of plant chromosomes is also described.
Signifince of K-Dominance in Delamination Cracking in Composite Laminates

Delamination in composite laminates is basically an interfacial crack between two orthotropic materials possibly oriented in different directions. One of the characteristics of interfacial cracks between two dissimilar materials is the oscillatory behavior of the stress field near the crack tip [1]–[2]. Classical fracture mechanics has been adopted for modeling delamination in composite materials; stress intensity factors are commonly used to characterize delamination fracture toughness. In using fracture mechanics with the stress intensity factors, one must make sure that the near tip singular stress field be dominant in the fracture process zone
Characterization of recombinant wild-type and nontoxigenic protein A from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Background: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that is the major cause of pyoderma affecting dogs. Conventional antimicrobial treatment for infections caused by this organ...
A Diachronic Analysis of Light Verb Constructions in Old Swedish

This study provides an empirical analysis of light verb constructions in Old Swedish. These constructions contain a semantically light verb, such as giva ‘give’ or gora ‘make’, that may be paired with an abstract nominal object, as in giva radh ‘give advice’ or giva hialp ‘give help’. Using a corpus of nine Old Swedish texts written in the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries, I track the frequency of light verb constructions and analyze the range of transitive light verb + object pairings. I consider the effects of time, genre, and the type of modification to the nominal object in the quantitative analysis. The results contribute to ongoing discussions in crosslinguistic, diachronic research on the reasons for the increase in frequency of light verb constructions as well as the possibility that this construction exhibits characteristics of grammaticalization or lexicalization.
Clinical exome sequencing for fetuses with ultrasound abnormalities and a suspected Mendelian disorder

Exome sequencing is now being incorporated into clinical care for pediatric and adult populations, but its integration into prenatal diagnosis has been more limited. One reason for this is the paucity of information about the clinical utility of exome sequencing in the prenatal setting. We retrospectively reviewed indications, results, time to results (turnaround time, TAT), and impact of exome results for 146 consecutive “fetal exomes” performed in a clinical diagnostic laboratory between March 2012 and November 2017. We define a fetal exome as one performed on a sample obtained from a fetus or a product of conception with at least one structural anomaly detected by prenatal imaging or autopsy. Statistical comparisons were performed using Fisher’s exact test. Prenatal exome yielded an overall molecular diagnostic rate of 32% (n = 46/146). Of the 46 molecular diagnoses, 50% were autosomal dominant disorders (n = 23/46), 41% were autosomal recessive disorders (n = 19/46), and 9% were X-linked disorders (n = 4/46). The molecular diagnostic rate was highest for fetuses with anomalies affecting multiple organ systems and for fetuses with craniofacial anomalies. Out of 146 cases, a prenatal trio exome option designed for ongoing pregnancies was performed on 62 fetal specimens, resulting in a diagnostic yield of 35% with an average TAT of 14 days for initial reporting (excluding tissue culture time). The molecular diagnoses led to refined recurrence risk estimates, altered medical management, and informed reproductive planning for families. Exome sequencing is a useful diagnostic tool when fetal structural anomalies suggest a genetic etiology, but other standard prenatal genetic tests did not provide a diagnosis.
Electrochemical flow cell enabling operando probing of electrocatalyst surfaces by X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction

The rational improvement of current and developing electrochemical technologies requires atomistic understanding of electrode-electrolyte interfaces. However, examining these interfaces under operando conditions, where performance is typically evaluated and benchmarked, remains challenging, as it necessitates incorporating an operando probe during full electrochemical operation. In this study, we describe a custom electrochemical flow cell that enables near-surface-sensitive operando investigation of planar thin-film catalysts at significant hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rates (in excess of -100 mA cm-2) using grazing incidence X-ray methods. Grazing-incidence X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction were implemented on the same sample under identical HER conditions, demonstrating how the combined measurements track changing redox chemistry and structure of Cu thin-film catalyst surfaces as a function of electrochemical conditions. The coupling of these methods with improved mass transport and hydrodynamic control establishes a new paradigm for operando measurement design, enabling unique insights into the key fundamental processes occurring at the catalyst-electrolyte interface.
Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation After Hematopoietic cell Transplantation

There were no cases of tuberculosis in a cohort of 2531 patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation from 2010 to 2015 after 7323 person-years of follow up (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0-0.05 cases/100 person-years), including 29 (1.15%) patients with untreated latent tuberculosis after 89 person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 0.0-4.06 cases/100 person-years).
Lowering the dietary calcium to total phosphorus ratio increases phosphorus utilization in low-phosphorus corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase for growing-finishing pigs

Crossbred growing-finishing pigs (n = 120) were used to investigate the effect of three dietary Ca:total P (tP) ratios (1.5:1, 1.3:1, or 1.0:1) on P utilization in low-P corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase at 500 phytase units/kg. The basal grower (23 to 54 kg BW) diet contained .39% tP including .07% added inorganic P (iP), and the basal finisher (54 to 123 kg BW) diet contained .32% tP without added iP. An adequate-P positive control diet without phytase supplementation contained .60% Ca and .50% tP during the growing phase and .50% Ca and .40% tP during the finishing phase. Lowering the Ca:tP ratio linearly increased ADG during the growing phase (P < .03) and overall (P < .08), gain:feed ratio during the growing phase (P < .001), and P absorption during the finishing phase (P < .04). Lowering the Ca:tP ratio linearly increased BW at slaughter (P < .02), carcass weight (P < .04), bone breaking strength (P < .04), and bone ash weight (P < .06), whereas dressing percentage and backfat depth remained unchanged. In conclusion, pig performance and P utilization were increased by lowering the Ca:tP ratio from 1.5:1 to 1.0:1 in low-P corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase.
Molecular and intramolecular isotope geochemistry of natural gases from the Woodford Shale, Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma

Abstract A combined bulk and position-specific isotope study was conducted on natural gases collected from an unconventional gas field in the Late-Devonian to Early Mississippian Woodford Shale in the southwestern Arkoma Basin in Oklahoma. The set of natural gases records a hitherto underreported case, where gases become wetter with decreasing isotope compositions in an early stage of maturation. A first dataset of position-specific isotope compositions of propane with demonstrated accuracy and precision show that while the bulk δ2H values of propane increased by 30‰ with maturity, position-specific hydrogen isotope deviations of propane (Δ2-1) increased by 80‰. Position-specific δ2H values showed that δ2H values of the central H in propane increased by 70‰ with maturity, but those of terminal H in propane remained constant. This contrasting behavior could have resulted from the hydrogen isotope exchange between shale water and propane with a half-time of the center H, varying strongly from ∼310 to ∼6 m.y. at ∼140–185 °C. On the other hand, bulk and position-specific δ13C values of propane remain nearly constant during the maturation. Position-specific isotope compositions of propane at the highest maturity yield an equilibrium temperature that is consistent with its maturity, thus possibly serving as single-compound isotope geothermometry.
A Prospective Competitive Effects Analysis of the AT&T/Time Warner Merger

The vertical merger of ATT nor do they suggest that the proposed merger was likely to result in anticompetitive effects in video content production/distribution via customer foreclosure or collusion. Rather, the results support the government’s central theory of harm: namely, that the combination would unilaterally and credibly increase the bargaining leverage of the merged entity and thereby allow it to partially foreclose rival MVPDs by increasing their affiliate fees.
Features of Catatonia in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

CASE Thomas is a 12-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder who presents to his primary care clinician with symptoms of worsening mood in the last 3 months. On review of his last school testing, his cognitive abilities are found to be within the average range, with a relative vulnerability with his processing speed. He can speak in sentences to communicate and answer questions, but he rarely picks up on conversational bids. He has had difficulties developing friendships and often prefers to play by himself.Thomas has a long history of some features of anxiety and depression for which it was recommended that he establish care with a therapist, but his family has had a hard time finding a provider for him. At this visit, the mother reports that for the past several months he has been more anxious, sad, and easily overwhelmed. He seems irritable at home and school and cries often. His family has been advocating for him to receive increased school supports, as school is a source of anxiety for him, but there are no recent changes in school services. There is a family history of both anxiety and depression. Given his worsening mood functioning, Thomas was started on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication in addition to again recommending a therapist. Weekly phone call check-ins and an in-person clinic visit in 1 month are planned.About 1 month after starting the SSRI medication, he is still not showing any improvement in mood functioning, and his family reports he seems more "sluggish" than usual. There are no side effects reported with the medication, and the dose is increased to see whether it will help. However, about 2 weeks later, he is seen again in the clinic because there are increasing concerns. He continues to be "sluggish." During the clinic visit, he lies down on the examination table, sometimes holding his head off the edge of the table, which he has never done before. He responds very slowly to the questions and often says "I don't know, I don't know," almost in an automatic way. His mother reports that he is now engaging in some repetitive hand movements which he had not done previously. He is no longer able to shower independently. He is still eating and drinking adequately. What would you do next?
Establishing space traffic management standards, guidelines and best practices

Abstract U.S. Space Policy Directive - 3 (SPD-3), “National Space Traffic Management Policy,” identifies the need for more than 40 different space traffic management (STM)-related standards, guidelines, and best practices to be developed to address a wide range of STM issues. In this paper, we describe why standards, guidelines, and best practices are important, assess the completeness of those called out in SPD-3, identify gaps, and discuss how the United States and other stakeholders might prioritize their development. Finally, we identify existing standards development organizations and call for increased investment, faster work, and new mechanisms to facilitate the formation and proliferation of necessary STM standards, guidelines, and best practices.
Current understanding and emerging applications of 3D crumpling mediated 2D material-liquid interactions

Abstract Three dimensional (3D) crumpling of two dimensional (2D) materials provides new opportunities to modulate mechanical, optical, surface, and chemical properties. However, investigation of the effect of 3D crumpling on 2D material liquid interaction has been limited. In this perspective, we will review crumple/texture induced heterogeneous surface properties including chemical modification, energy corrugation, and electronic structure perturbation which may modulate fluid interaction. We will then describe simulations of fluid interaction in systems resembling 3D textured 2D materials, principally nanotubes, which have begun to substantiate perturbations to fluid structure driven by texture induced modification of the 2D material surface. Furthermore, we will detail current experimental understanding of how texture induced modulation of interactions with pure solvent affect macroscale wetting characteristics including textured driven transitions in water contact from Wentzel to Cassie Baxter states. Following this discussion of how texturing affects the interaction of 2D materials with pure solvent, we will detail cutting edge explorations of how texturing modifies interaction with ions and other chemical species dispersed in solvent phases. Particular focus will be placed on recent simulations of aqueous phase molecular interaction with crumpled 2D materials which show that crumpling increases the thickness of the electrical double layer (EDL) formed near a 2D material surface. This increased EDL thickness has allowed for the development of biomolecule sensors with gigantic sensitivity and the monitoring and templating of cells including neurons and myotubes. Sill, considerable work is needed to elucidate the effect of different crumpling geometries on the local properties of the full range of 2D materials, how these variation in local properties perturb fluid structure and molecular interaction, and how these tuned interactions enable diverse opportunities such as sensing, energy storage, and control of biological interaction.
Large-Scale Field-Programmable Analog Arrays

Large-scale field-programmable analog array (FPAA) devices could enable ubiquitous analog or mixed-signal low-power sensor to processing devices similar to the ubiquitous implementation of the existing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices. Design tools enable high-level synthesis to gate/transistor design targeting today’s FPGA devices and the opportunity for analog or mixed-signal applications with FPAA devices. This discussion will illustrate the FPAA concepts and FPAA history. The development of FPAAs enables the development of multiple potential metrics, and these metrics illustrate future FPAA device directions. The system-on-chip (SoC) FPAA devices illustrate the IC capabilities, computation, tools, and resulting hardware infrastructure. SoC FPAA device generation has enabled analog computing with levels of abstraction for application design.
What is that song? Aleksej Balabanov’s ‘Brother’ and rock as film music in Russian cinema

Ira Osterberg’s What is that Song? Aleksej Balabanov’s ‘Brother’ and Rock as Film Music in Russian Cinema aims to fill a gap in Russian film music scholarship by discussing the use of the rock song...
Subcycle spatiotemporal compression of infrared pulses in χ (2) semiconductors

Using a full-field propagator model, we report on the emergence of highly localized, subcycle solitonic structures for few-cycle long-wave-infrared (LWIR) pulses propagating through optical semiconductor materials with efficient quadratic nonlinearities and broad anomalous transmission windows. We briefly discuss the theoretical basis for the observed spatiotemporal carrier-wave dynamics and compare it to simulations of a weakly perturbed pulse's propagation through two currently grown, low-loss IR semiconductor crystals.
Increasing Response Rate in Web-Based/Internet Surveys

Web-based surveys have become increasingly popular with researchers. Unfortunately, they are subject to the same response rate issues that plague traditional surveys. This entry briefly reviews some of the theories about why individuals elect or decline to participate in surveys. It then discusses methods that might be considered when a researcher is thinking about how to improve survey responses. The methods are divided into two categories: the first category includes methods adapted from traditional mail surveys such as using incentives, pre-notifications, survey invitations, and reminders. The second category includes methods specific to Web-based surveys, including Web-based survey design and confidentiality issues.
Do Pandemics Obey the Elliott Wave Principle of Financial Markets

The Elliott Wave principle is a time-honored, oft-used method for predicting variations in the financial markets. It is based on the notion that human emotions drive financial decisions. In the fight against COVID-19, human emotions are similarly decisive, for instance in that they determine one's willingness to be vaccinated, and/or to follow preventive measures including the wearing of masks, the application of social distancing protocols, and frequent handwashing. On this basis, we postulated that the Elliott Wave Principle may similarly be used to predict the future evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrated that this method reproduces the data pattern especially well for USA (daily new cases). Potential scenarios were then extrapolated, from the best-case corresponding to a rapid, full vaccination of the population, to the utterly disastrous case of slow vaccination, and poor adherence to preventive protocols.
How Should Native Crotalid Envenomation Be Managed in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background Pit vipers, also known as crotalids, are a group of snakes including rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths (water moccasins). Crotalids have a broad geographic distribution across the United States, and bites from these snakes can carry significant morbidity. Their envenomations are characterized by local tissue effects, hematologic effects, and systemic effects. Envenomations are generally treated with 1 of 2 antivenoms available in the United States. Objective We developed a series of clinical questions to assist and guide the emergency physician in the acute management of a patient envenomated by a crotalid. Methods We conducted a PubMed literature review from January 1970 to May 2020 in English for articles with the keywords “bite” and “crotalidae.” Results Our literature search resulted in 177 articles. A total of 33 articles met criteria for rigorous review and citation in the development of these consensus guidelines. Conclusions Patients should be initially evaluated, stabilized, and assessed for local effects, hematologic effects, and systemic toxicity suggestive of envenomation. Antivenom should be given if toxic effects are present. Surgical intervention including debridement and fasciotomy should be avoided. Prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary.
Bone Tissue Engineering

The tissue engineering of bone requires a fundamental understanding of physiological homeostatic and regenerative principles. This chapter will focus on fundamental principles that biomaterials and scaffold design must fulfill for bone tissue engineering and the approaches to the creation of tissue engineered bone and the distinctly different segments necessary to produce a final product. This chapter will also cover current and new strategies for creating tissue engineered bone.
Assessment of the Cost-returns and Profitability Patterns of Tomato Production in Yamaltu-Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria

The study examined profitability of tomato production in Yamaltu-Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 96 tomato producers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive statistics, farm budget model, and t-test analysis. The results revealed that, the mean age of tomato producers was 38.94 years, 92.48% were males, 71.56% were married with the majority (95.44%) had family size ranging from 1 – 6 persons, and had 6.55 mean years of farming experience, having an average of 0.6 ha farm size holding. Furthermore, the result revealed that only 8.74% that have attained tertiary education. The results also revealed average variable costs constituted 88.98% and 88.84% of the average total costs of production in the dry and rainy seasons respectively. The per hectare average net income realised were found to be ₦ 154,444.20 ($ 398.05) and ₦ 39,725.14 ($ 102.38) in the dry and rainy seasons respectively. Hence, the returns per naira invested was ₦ 0.67 ($0.00173) in dry season and ₦ 0.18 ($0.00046) in rainy season (P<0.05). Moreover, the results revealed positive and desirable gross and operating ratios of < 1; implying the tomato farms in the study area maintained profitability levels both in the short and long run. However, inadequate capital was critical; which was attributed to lack of affordable sources of credits. Lack of storage and processing facilities were among the impediments to large scale tomato production in the study area. However, improvement in the existing patterns and as well as the provision of adequate essential factors of production will help expand the present scale of operations. Therefore, governments and other financial institutions should do more to provide soft loans to the farmers to improve efficiency.
Post Anesthesia Care Unit Nurses’ Experience Caring for Opioid Tolerant Patients

Introduction Nearly 20% of same-day surgery patients regularly consume opioids, with the majority undergoing orthopedic or neurosurgery procedures for relief from chronic pain. Many have become opioid intolerant and subsequently, experience more pain and consume more opioids postoperatively than opioid naive patients. Despite higher dosing, their pain is often unrelieved. Evidence-based guidelines include preoperative identification of opioid tolerant patients; however, postoperative nurses often learn of their patient's tolerance only after the patient exhibits an extreme reaction to pain. These experiences can be stressful and lead to nurse compassion fatigue and moral distress, particularly in a fast-paced post anesthesia care unit (PACU). Identification of the problem Several studies examine perioperative nurses’ experiences with opioid tolerant patients in managing pain, though none explore the day-to-day personal challenges faced by nurses in the care of these patients. Purpose of the Study To explore PACU nurses’ experiences in caring for opioid tolerant patients. Methodology A narrative research design was used. Six full-time PACU nurses with one or more years of PACU experience were recruited in Fall 2020. Subjects were asked to discuss an experience caring for an opioid tolerant patient and how they felt afterward. They were also asked to identify supports that would help them care for these patients. Results Interviews will be analyzed inward, outward, back in time, and forward in time to understand the participants’ experience through five contexts – personal (feelings, reaction), social (environment, other people), past, present, future, and situation (professional practice). Discussion Narrative threads and their interpretation will be discussed to better understand how nurse's feelings are expressed and directed in professional practice. Conclusion This study made it possible to think about nursing practice in a new light through honoring experiences that are difficult to share yet are an important source of knowledge. Implications for perianesthesia nurses and future research Insights into the nature, causes, and strategies used to handle experiences caring for opioid tolerant patients will be identified as well as ways to better support nurses in the practice environment.
Not Excusing Rape: Silencing, Rationality, and Blame

Anti-pornography feminists have famously argued that pornography silences women: specifically, pornography causes women to be illocutionarily disabled in some real-life sexual contexts so that they...
EFFECT OF ALTERNATIVE TRUCK CONFIGURATIONS AND WEIGHTS ON THE FATIGUE LIFE OF BRIDGES

The life of a bridge is principally influenced by repetitive loading resulting from vehicular traffic. The service data on the fatigue life of concrete, reinforcing bars, and prestressing steel show considerable scatter in their service life. This is due to both the stochastic nature of the imposed loading and the variability in their strengths as determined by the quality control in their manufacture. The fatigue life of partially prestressed concrete girder bridges, subjected to a spectrum of traffic imposed by the Poisson arrival of various categories is investigated. Each category examined has a different expected frequency of arrivals per unit time and a different distribution of gross weight. The allocation of the live load to the girders in skew and normal bridges is determined using the finite element method. The girders of the bridge are each assumed to be part of a series system consisting of four components: prestressing strands, reinforcing bars, cast-in-place concrete slab, and precast girder. The nine-axle B-train double trucks were found to be most damaging, whereas two-axle single trucks were least damaging. The incremental damage caused by each truck depends on the truck configuration, gross weight, axle-load distribution, and lateral load distribution. The median life of ordinary reinforcing bars is the lowest among the girder components.
Rescuing Cell Polarity with Small Molecule Inhibitors of De-Palmitoylation

Protein palmitoylation is a unique post-translational modification required for the membrane anchoring and trafficking of numerous regulatory proteins that play key roles in cell growth, polarity, ...
Landau-Lifshitz theory of thermomagnonic torque

We derive the thermomagnonic torque associated with smooth magnetic textures subjected to a temperature gradient in the framework of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Our approach captures on equal footing two distinct contributions: (i) a local entropic torque that is caused by a temperature dependence of the effective exchange field, the existence of which had been previously suggested based on numerics, and (ii) the well-known spin-transfer torque induced by thermally induced magnon flow. The dissipative components of two torques have the same structure, following a common phenomenology, but opposite signs, with the twice as large entropic torque leading to a domain-wall motion toward the hotter region. We compare the efficiency of the torque-driven domain-wall motion with the recently proposed Brownian thermophoresis.
Performance analysis and signal processing in a current sensing power MOSFET (SENSEFET)

Current sensing power MOSFETs (SENSEFETs) provide signals which can be used for current feedback and fast overcurrent protection in converter-fed drives and power supplies. The authors investigate the performance of a SENSEFET used in a DC chopper circuit by obtaining the current sense waveforms. The sense signals contain large switching transients which are to be removed using a special processing circuit. The details of the processing circuit and the waveforms are presented. A current loop is synthesized by feeding back the output of the signal processor. >
Examining Korean American Parent-Child Relationships Through Bilingual Language Use

Many Korean American (KA) families live at the intersection of two languages and two cultures. When considering how parent-child relationships are negotiated through daily interactions within perceived parameters of cultural norms and expectations, it becomes important to better understand which cultural norms and expectations are taken up by different family members who have access to different sets of cultural norms. Through the lens of positioning theory, this study analyzed home interactions of three KA families with children (ages 6–12) to investigate the relationship between bilingual use and parent-child roles. Parent-child interactions demonstrated complex negotiations around boundaries of parents’ authority through language shifts between Korean and English and speech-level shifts between formal and informal language in Korean. Family members displayed linguistic strategies that either broke away from traditionally hierarchical parent-child relationships by moving toward more friend-like horizont...
Programming Environments for Grids and Distributed Computing Systems

Platforms for high-performance concurrent computing range from tightly-coupled multiprocessors to clusters, networks of workstations, and large-scale geographically distributed metacomputing systems. Effective application programming for each type of environment can be a challenge, given the wide variability and heterogeneity of the computational resources, communication interconnects, and level of dedicated access. In this tutorial, we will review and compare programming paradigms and associated runtime systems for high-performance concurrent computing in multiple types of distributed system environments. After a brief discussion of language-based approaches, we will analyze the underlying concurrent programming models embodied in MPI and PVM, with a particular focus on their suitability in loosely coupled distributed systems and grids. The emerging paradigm shift in computational grids to a standards-based service-oriented model will then be explored, and methodologies for developing and programming grid services will be discussed. Examples of writing and deploying grid services as well as clients will be included. The tutorial will conclude by summarizing the essential features and characteristics of programming different distributed computing environments and discussing approaches to application development using a combination of programming paradigms.