cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Model Matter? Examining Change Across Time for Youth in Group Homes:

Group homes are a frequently used but controversial treatment setting for youth with mental health problems. Within the relatively sparse literature on group homes, there is some evidence that some models of treatment may be associated with more positive outcomes for youth. This article explores this possibility by examining differences across time for youth served in group homes utilizing the Teaching Family Model (TFM) and geographically proximate homes using more eclectic approaches. Data come from a longitudinal quasi-experimental study that included 554 youth. Results suggest that youth showed, on average, significant and rapid improvement during initial months in a group home. Improvement did not differ for TFM and non-TFM homes during this initial period. Post-discharge results, though, show that TFM was associated with continued improvement after discharge and significantly better outcomes by 8 months post-discharge. Results also discuss youth-level factors that may influence outcomes as well as need for additional work to more fully understand processes and practices that are key for maximizing and maintaining youths' positive outcomes during and after group home placements.
Security Analysis for Floating Shock Platform Test Subjected to Underwater Explosion

Security of the floating shock platform test was studied with theoretical analysis and simulation.The safety radius of ship and persons in the water area,the safety distance of typical shore-based buildings,and the ideal safety radius of testing area and depth of the water area were given.This study may provide a reference for floating shock platform test.
Rapid Extraction of DNA and Establishment of RAPD System in Rice

Three methods(CTAB method,SDS method and improved CTAB method) for the extraction of genomic DNA in rice seedling were compared.The result showed that the improved CTAB method was the best method for the extraction of DNA among three methods,and the DNA extracted by this method had higher yield,better quality,and could be used for RAPD-PCR reaction.A number of factors,which affected the results of RAPD-PCR reaction,such as quantity of template DNA,concentration of Mg2+,dNPT and Taq DNA polymerase,were studied.The optimized RAPD analysis system of rice was established.Several clear and stable bands with polymorphism were obtained.
Outcome of Neonatal Cerebral Infarction

Antenatal and perinatal factors, early clinical signs, electroencephalograms (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were compared with neurodevelopmental outcome in 24 infants with neonatal cerebral infarction followed at the Dept of Paediatrics, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
A test of the cognitive-enhancing potential of low-dose mecamylamine in healthy non-smokers.

The beneficial effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists on cognitive performance have been widely shown. Paradoxically, recent preclinical studies employing extremely low doses of nAChR antagonists have also found cognitive enhancement, perhaps pointing to a novel treatment mechanism for cognitive deficits. The aim was to test whether low doses of the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine would benefit performance in human volunteers. The study employed a double-blind within-subject design. Over four separate days, healthy adult non-smokers (n = 23) were tested with placebo and three trace doses of mecamylamine (0.25–1 mg, p.o.), adjusted for body weight. Participants performed three computerized tasks: a task of spatial selective attention and stimulus detection, the rapid visual information processing task (RVIPT) taxing sustained attention and working memory, and a change detection short-term memory task. Subjective state and vital signs were assessed repeatedly. Mecamylamine did not improve performance in any of the tasks. Any trends that were observed instead pointed toward performance impairment. Mecamylamine also had no effects on subjective state or vital signs. The present results do not support the hypothesized cognitive-enhancing potential of low doses of mecamylamine. Contrary to preclinical reports, these findings speak against low-dose nAChR antagonism as a novel avenue for treating cognitive deficits.
CT, CT-Angiography, and Perfusion-CT Evaluation of Stroke

A stroke is a sudden loss of neurological function due to brain parenchyma damage, caused either by the sudden loss of blood flow to a specific brain region (ischemic stroke) or by the rupture of blood vessels in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). Patients with acute stroke usually present with a focal neurological deficit, but the clinical symptoms are not specific. Head computed tomography (CT), CT-angiography, and perfusion-CT are used in the acute setting to differentiate between the various possible etiologies for the symptoms, and help with the choice of the appropriate therapeutic approach. Noncontrast head CT is used to evaluate for the presence of a hemorrhage and/or infarcted territory. CT-angiography is used to localize the site of the occlusion and assess collateral circulation, as well as for endovascular intervention planning. Perfusion-CT can be used to characterize acute ischemic stroke and to distinguish stroke from stroke mimics, as well as has been proposed as a tool for patient selection for treatment.
Kronecker function rings of ring extensions

The classical Kronecker function ring construction associates to a domain R a Bezout domain. Let R be a subring of a ring S, and let ⋆ be a star operation on the extension R ⊆ S. In their book [Manis Valuations and Prufer Extensions II, Lectures Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 2103 (Springer, Cham, 2014)], Knebusch and Kaiser develop a more general construction of the Kronecker function ring of R ⊆ S with respect to ⋆. We characterize in several ways, under relatively mild assumption on R ⊆ S, the Kronecker function ring as defined by Knebusch and Kaiser. In particular, we focus on the case where R ⊆ S is a flat epimorphic extension or a Prufer extension.
Effect of HOXB13 and FOXA1 on the AR cistrome during prostate tumorigenesis in primary human tissue.

5018 Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is central to prostate carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Current understanding of the prostate AR cistrome - the genome-wide set of AR binding sites...
Writing Together to Get AHEAD: an interprofessional boot camp to support scholarly writing in the health professions

Background: Writing for publication is an integral skill for both sharing research findings and career advancement, yet many faculty lack expertise, support, and time to author scholarly publications. Health professions educators identified writing as an area in which a new educators’ academy could offer support. Case Presentation: To address this need, a writing task force was formed consisting of a librarian, a School of Medicine faculty member, and a School of Nursing faculty member. The task force launched two initiatives to motivate and support faculty writing and publication over two academic years. In the first year, a structured interprofessional “boot camp” consisting of a sequenced, modularized approach to manuscript completion was offered. In the second year, community building, in-person writing sessions, and incentives were added to the structured tasks. In year one, twenty participants enlisted in the boot camp, nine of whom completed a manuscript for submission by the end of the program. Qualitative feedback indicated potential improvements, which were put in place in the second program. In year two, twenty-eight participants enrolled, and eleven submitted thirteen manuscripts for publication by the end of the program. Conclusions: Structured tasks, frequent deadlines, and professional editorial assistance were highly valued by participants. Time remains a barrier for faculty seeking to complete manuscripts. As experts in many facets of the publication process, librarians are well positioned to partner with others to facilitate faculty and staff development in writing.
How to change the landscape of power electronics with wide bandgap power devices

Wide bandgap material based power electronics devices including Silicon Carbide MOSFETs, JFETs, and Gallium Nitride HEMTs are poised to change the landscape of the power electronics industry with their superior high temperature capability, low switching loss and low conduction loss. This paper first provides an overview of the development of WBG devices and their applications, then focuses on how WBG devices can be utilized to change the landscape of power electronics industry by achieving higher power density, higher manufacturability, and higher system stability with high bandwidth. Three examples are introduced. Motivations, challenges, technical approaches and current state of developments are presented.
The impact of pediatric obesity on hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is the most common public health problem and is a clinically complicating risk factor among hospitalized children. The impact of pediatric obesity on the severity and morbidity of lower respiratory tract infections remains unclear. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of bronchitis and pneumonia among children aged 2-20 years using hospital discharge records. The data were obtained from the Kid's Inpatient Database in 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012, and were weighted to estimate the number of hospitalizations in the United States. We used the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code (278.0x) to classify whether the patient was obese or not. We investigated the associations between pediatric obesity and use of mechanical ventilation using multivariable logistic regression model. In addition, we ascertained the relationships between pediatric obesity, comorbid blood stream infections, mean healthcare cost, and length of hospital stay. RESULT: We estimated a total of 133,602 hospitalizations with pneumonia and bronchitis among children aged between 2 and 20 years. Obesity was significantly associated with use of mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR 2.90, 95% CI 2.15-3.90), comorbid bacteremia or septicemia (adjusted OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03-2.44), elevated healthcare costs (adjusted difference $383, 95%CI $276-$476), and prolonged length of hospital stay (difference 0.32 days, 95%CI 0.23-0.40 days), after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics using multivariable logistic regression models. CONCLUSION: Pediatric obesity is an independent risk factor for severity and morbidity among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections. These findings suggest the importance of obesity prevention for pediatric populations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Visualizing the Geography of the Diseases of China: Western Disease Maps from Analytical Tools to Tools of Empire, Sovereignty, and Public Health Propaganda, 1878-1929

Argument This article analyzes for the first time the earliest western maps of diseases in China spanning fifty years from the late 1870s to the end of the 1920s. The 24 featured disease maps present a visual history of the major transformations in modern medicine from medical geography to laboratory medicine wrought on Chinese soil. These medical transformations occurred within new political formations from the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) to colonialism in East Asia (Hong Kong, Taiwan, Manchuria, Korea) and hypercolonialism within China (Tianjin, Shanghai, Amoy) as well as the new Republican Chinese nation state (1912-49). As a subgenre of persuasive graphics, physicians marshaled disease maps for various rhetorical functions within these different political contexts. Disease maps in China changed from being mostly analytical tools to functioning as tools of empire, national sovereignty, and public health propaganda legitimating new medical concepts, public health interventions, and political structures governing over human and non-human populations.
Found A Peanut: Foraging Decisions by Squirrels

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the procedure to conduct an experiment to observe foraging behavior of squirrels and determine whether they prefer peanuts without shells over peanuts with shells, or vice versa. This experiment tests some of the importance factors to local squirrels foraging on peanuts. It involves offering squirrels two piles of peanuts: one pile inside intact shells (no cracks or holes) and another pile with the shells removed. In order to equalize the chances of the squirrels finding both piles, they should be kept only a short distance apart, so that a squirrel foraging at either pile will have the other in view. After collecting the data, the results would be explained in terms of models of foraging from behavioral ecology. The chapter presents sample data sheets that would be used to analyze the recorded data. Finally, the chapter suggests some questions for discussion at the conclusion of the experiment, for example, what are the factors that seemed important to the squirrels in determining whether they choose nuts with or without shells, what they do with each kind of nuts, how many of either of these kinds of nuts did a squirrel carry at the same time, and why is this information relevant, etc.
Phase transitions of a two-dimensional deformed Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model

We study spin-2 deformed-AKLT models on the square lattice, specifically a two-parameter family of $O(2)$-symmetric ground-state wavefunctions as defined by Niggemann, Klumper, and Zittartz, who found previously that the phase diagram consists of a Neel-ordered phase and a disordered phase which contains the AKLT point. Using tensor-network methods, we not only confirm the Neel phase but also find an XY phase with quasi-long-range order and a region adjacent to it, within the AKLT phase, with very large correlation length, and investigate the consequences of a perfectly factorizable point at the corner of that phase.
Intertemporal Variation in the News Components of Aggregate Earnings and Its Effect on the Aggregate Earnings-Returns Relation

Prior research documents a negative contemporaneous relation between earnings changes and stock returns at the aggregate level. We find that the aggregate earnings-returns relation turns significantly positive in recent years (1992-2013). As explanations for that shift, we test over-time shifts in the properties of firm-level earnings and the magnitude of inflation rates. To do so, we use the Bureau of Economic Analysis’ (BEA) corporate profits series as an alternative measure of aggregate earnings, because it is unaffected by changes in GAAP measurement rules and is adjusted for changes in price levels. While changes in both aggregate GAAP earnings and the BEA’s corporate profits series exhibit a significant negative (positive) relation with aggregate returns in the 1970-1991 (1992-2013) period, changes in aggregate GAAP earnings have incremental explanatory power for aggregate returns beyond the BEA’s corporate profits measure in the 1992-2013 period. Additional analysis reveals that such incremental explanatory power stems from GAAP earnings’ inclusion of non-operating items. We also find that a shift over time in inflation, as well as in the proportion of loss-making firms, contribute to inter-temporal variation in the aggregate earnings-returns relation. The effect of changes in the properties of GAAP earnings and inflation rates over time on the aggregate earnings-returns relation is new to the literature.
Circuit mechanisms of hippocampal reactivation during sleep.

Abstract The hippocampus is important for memory and learning, being a brain site where initial memories are formed and where sharp wave – ripples (SWR) are found, which are responsible for mapping recent memories to long-term storage during sleep-related memory replay. While this conceptual schema is well established, specific intrinsic and network-level mechanisms driving spatio-temporal patterns of hippocampal activity during sleep, and specifically controlling off-line memory reactivation are unknown. In this study, we discuss a model of hippocampal CA1-CA3 network generating spontaneous characteristic SWR activity. Our study predicts the properties of CA3 input which are necessary for successful CA1 ripple generation and the role of synaptic interactions and intrinsic excitability in spike sequence replay during SWRs. Specifically, we found that excitatory synaptic connections promote reactivation in both CA3 and CA1, but the different dynamics of sharp waves in CA3 and ripples in CA1 result in a differential role for synaptic inhibition in modulating replay: promoting spike sequence specificity in CA3 but not in CA1 areas. Finally, we describe how awake learning of spatial trajectories leads to synaptic changes sufficient to drive hippocampal cells’ reactivation during sleep, as required for sleep-related memory consolidation.
The prognostic role of preoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with resected advanced melanoma.

e21054Background: Up to 50% of patients undergoing resection for advanced melanoma experience recurrence. Identification of preoperative prognostic biomarkers is needed to ascertain risk of relapse...
Extensive Release. Excessive Storage

This chapter concerns important “exaggerations” of lysosomal function observed in specialized cell types or in particular developmental or pathological states. Cases will be considered in which the contents of lysosomes are released in quantity from cells or within cells, or in which lysosomal accumulations build up as a consequence of the failure of digestion.
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS AND AGENCIES Georgia Bureau of Investigation: Provide Records Related to the Prosecution of Certain Offenses to Potential Employers Involved in Caring for Minor Children, the Elderly, or the Mentally Afflicted

The Act authorizes the Georgia Crime Information Center to release a first offender's record of arrests, charges, or sentences for certain sexual offenses to public schools, private schools, child welfare, nursing homes, personal care homes, or any person or entity providing healthcare, day care, or services to children, the elderly, the mentally ill or the mentally handicapped when the first offender has applied for employment therein.
Postscript to Gastil and Wright: The Anticapitalist Argument for Sortition

The author makes the case for sortition from a Marxist perspective, explaining how sortition could become part of an anticapitalist political strategy.
Distributed Estimation Under Network Model Uncertainty

This paper considers the problem of distributed state estimation in an interconnected network, in which there is uncertainty in the true model. Such uncertainties are due to the possibility of disruptions or changes in the nominal model. The focus is on the setting in which the true network model belongs to a set of possible models. Forming an optimal estimate has high computational complexity in large networks and, therefore, this paper treats this problem in a distributed framework. The key observation is that the estimation quality critically depends on successful isolation of the true model. On the other hand, the true model cannot be determined perfectly due to noisy measurements. Based on these observations, this paper formulates a composite hypotheses testing problem and provides optimal decision rules that account for estimation quality and detection performance. The theory developed in this paper is evaluated via a case study.
Comparison of Inpatient and Outpatient Preoperative Factors and Postoperative Outcomes in 2-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with inpatient admission following 2-level cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). A secondary aim was to compare outcomes between those treated on an inpatient versus outpatient basis. METHODS Using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of each variable on inpatient or outpatient selection for surgery. Statistical significance was defined by p-values <0.05. The factors considered were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, and comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, history of dyspnea or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous cardiac intervention or surgery, steroid usage, and history of bleeding. In addition, whether the operation was performed by an orthopedic or neurosurgical specialist was analyzed. RESULTS The number of 2-level CDA procedures increased from 6 cases reported in 2014 to 142 in 2016, although a statistically significant increase in the number of outpatient cases performed was not seen (p=0.2). The factors found to be significantly associated with inpatient status following surgery were BMI (p=0.019) and diabetes mellitus requiring insulin (p=0.043). There were no significant differences in complication and readmission rates between the inpatient and outpatient groups. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing inpatient 2-level CDA had significantly higher rates of obesity and diabetes requiring insulin than did patients undergoing the same procedure in the outpatient setting. With no difference in complication or readmission rates, 2-level CDA may be considered safe in the outpatient setting in appropriately selected patients.
Static Versus Expandable Devices Provide Similar Clinical Outcomes Following Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Few studies have analyzed differences in radiographic parameters and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between expandable and static interbody devices in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF). To evaluate differences in radiographic parameters and PROs following MIS TLIF between static and expandable interbody devices. Patients undergoing primary, single-level MIS TLIF between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively identified. Radiographic measurements including lumbar lordosis (LL), segmental lordosis (SL), disc height (DH), and foraminal height (FH) were performed on lateral radiographs before and after MIS TLIF with a static or expandable articulating interbody device. Radiographic outcomes and PROs were compared using paired and unpaired Student’s t test. Thirty patients received expandable interbody devices and 30 patients received static interbody devices. The expandable device cohort exhibited significantly greater improvement in DH and FH at final follow-up compared with those receiving a static device. Both device cohorts experienced significant improvements in PROs at 6 months post-operatively. MIS TLIF with an expandable interbody device led to a greater increase of DH and FH than with a static interbody device. Patients undergoing MIS TLIF can expect similar improvements in PROs whether receiving a static or an expandable interbody device. Further studies are required to better understand improvements in clinical outcomes afforded by expandable interbody devices.
Experiences of sexual and gender minorities in an urban enclave of Haiti: despised, beaten, stoned, stabbed, shot and raped.

Studies of sexual and gender minorities in Haiti and globally typically involve HIV research and programming with men who have sex with men. We conducted focus groups with individuals in Haiti's Cite Soleil slum whose assigned gender at birth matched neither their gender identity nor contextual heteronormative constructions of gender roles, i.e. transwomen and transmen. The Yogyakarta Principles provided the study framework. Focus group participants offered emic perspectives on overall well-being, identities, biopsychosocial strengths and HIV-protective and risk factors. We found that gender expression that conflicts with contextual norms evoked recurring, humiliating and intentionally injurious sexual assaults against participants, heightening their HIV risk; participants endured beatings, shootings, stabbings, stonings and socio-political violence. Lack of confidentiality and stigma hinder participants' access to scarce HIV resources. Indistinct boundaries between sexuality, gender identity and gender expression merged with traditional gender-based roles to perpetuate sexual violence towards transwomen by cisgender heterosexual men and by transmen towards cisgender heterosexual women. Despite resignation to omnipresent violence, participants showed resilience regarding gender identity. Needed are integrated socio-behavioural and health programmes to challenge existing gender inequities while providing training on human rights and HIV risk reduction for Haitian sexual and gender minorities.
Cerebrospinal fluid lipidomics: effects of an intravenous triglyceride infusion and apoE status.

High-fat diets increase risk for Alzheimer’s disease, but individuals with the risk gene APOE e4 (E4) paradoxically have improved memory soon after high fat feeding. Little is known about how dietary lipids affect CNS lipids, especially in older adults. We analyzed the lipidomic signature of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in older adults who underwent both a saline and TG infusion. We further analyzed these data by E4 carrier status. Older adults (n = 21, age 67.7 ± 8.6) underwent a 5-h TG and saline infusion on different days in random crossover design; lumbar CSF was collected at the end of the infusion. Lipids were extracted using dichloromethane/methanol and 13 classes of lipids analyzed using the Lipidyzer platform consisting of an AB Sciex 5500 MS/MS QTraps system equipped with a SelexION for differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). Multiple reaction monitoring was used to target and quantify 1070 lipids in positive and negative ionization modes with and without DMS. The TG infusion increased total lipids in the CSF, including the appearance of more lipids at the detection limit in the TG samples compared to saline (Chi square p < 0.0001). The infusion increased the total level of diacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines and reduced dihydroceramides. Of the possible 1070 lipids detectable, we found 348 after saline and 365 after TG infusion. Analysis using MetaboAnalyst revealed 11 specific lipids that changed; five of these lipids decreased after TG infusion, and four of them differed by E4 status, but none differed by cognitive diagnosis or sex. These results in older adults show that blood lipids affect lipid profiles in CSF and such profiles are modified by APOE status. This suggests that how the CNS handles lipids may be important in the AD phenotype.
Pathological Beta Burst Dynamics are Conserved Across Different Movements in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract Background Resting state beta band (13 – 30 Hz) oscillations represent pathological neural activity in Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is unknown whether the peak frequency or dynamics of beta oscillations change among rest, fine, limb and axial movements. This will be critical for the development and feasibility of closed loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) algorithms during resting and movement states. Methods Subthalamic (STN) local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from a sensing neurostimulator (Activa® PC+S, Medtronic Inc.,) and synchronized to kinematic recordings in twelve PD participants off medication/off STN DBS during thirty seconds of repetitive alternating finger tapping, wrist-flexion extension, stepping in place, and free walking. Beta power peaks and beta burst dynamics were identified by custom algorithms; beta burst dynamics were compared among rest and movement tasks. Results Resting state burst durations were longer in a PD beta band, which was elevated above the 1/f physiological spectrum compared to an overlapping band (p Conclusions Prolonged burst durations were a feature of PD bands elevated above and not of PD bands overlapping the 1/f spectrum. The conservation of rest/movement band peak frequency and burst dynamics during different activity states supports the feasibility of successful closed loop DBS algorithms driven by beta burst dynamics during different activities and at rest. Highlights Prolonged beta burst durations represent pathological neural activity in Parkinson’s disease Beta band peak frequencies are similar across rest, fine, limb and axial movements Beta burst dynamics are similar among rest and different movement states Conservation of Parkinsonian neural characteristics across different activity states supports the feasibility of closed loop deep brain stimulation systems in daily life
Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Relief

A study was performed on a group of inguinal herniorrhaphy patients comparing postoperative analgesia of spinal anesthetics with spinal anesthetics plus intrathecal morphine. Those patients receiving intrathecal morphine obtained significant pain relief as compared with the control group. Five of seven morphine patients developed urinary retention. Generalized itching resulted from the morphine use.
Delivering impact with digital resources: planning strategy in the attention economy: by Simon Tanner, London, Facet Publishing, 2020, xxxiv + 244 pp., £69.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-85604-932-0

Impact is the cultural sector’s holy grail. We like to believe that our work is of value, we know it can make a difference for individuals, and we have anecdotal evidence aplenty. But do libraries,...
Family medicine physicians' report strong support, barriers and preferences for Registered Dietitian Nutritionist care in the primary care setting.

Background Previous studies have examined barriers (e.g. time) for Family Medicine Providers (FMPs) to provide nutrition and lifestyle counseling, however, to date no studies have examined access or interest to Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) care for patients. Objective The objective of this study was to explore FMP access, referral practices, barriers and preferences for RDN care. Methods A cross-sectional online survey, with content and face validation was conducted with Family Medicine Departments within large academic health care systems in the Southeastern United States. The main variables of interest included: FMP access, interest, current referrals and referral preferences for RDN care, barriers to referrals and overall perceptions regarding RDN care. Descriptive analysis of close-ended responses was performed with SPSS 26.0. Open-ended responses were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results Over half of the respondents (n = 151) did not have an RDN on-site (64%) yet were highly interested in integrating an RDN (94.9%), with reported preferences for full-time on-site, part-time on-site or off-site RDN care (49.1%, 39.5% and 11.4% respectively). The greatest reported barriers to RDN referrals were perceived cost for the patient (64.47%) and uncertainty how to find a local RDN (48.6%). The most consistent theme reported in the open-ended responses were concerns regarding reimbursement, e.g. 'Insurance does not cover all of the ways I would like to use an RDN'. Conclusions FMPs report interest and value in RDN services despite multiple perceived barriers accessing RDNs care. Opportunities exist for interprofessional collaboration between dietetic and FMP professional groups to address barriers.
Safety of a Smart Classes-Used Regression Test Selection Algorithm

Abstract Regression Test Selection (RTS) algorithms select which tests to rerun on revised code, reducing the time required to check for newly introduced errors. An RTS algorithm is considered safe if and only if all deselected tests would have unchanged results. In this paper, we present a formal proof of safety of an RTS algorithm based on that used by Ekstazi [Gligoric, M., L. Eloussi and D. Marinov, Practical regression test selection with dynamic file dependencies, in: Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 2015 (2015), p. 211–222. URL https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771784 ], a Java library for regression testing. Ekstazi's algorithm adds print statements to JVM code in order to collect the names of classes used by a test during its execution on a program. When the program is changed, tests are only rerun if a class they used changed. The main insight in their algorithm is that not all uses of classes must be noted, as many necessarily require previous uses, such as when using an object previously created. The algorithm we formally define and prove safe here uses an instrumented semantics to collect touched classes in an even smaller set of locations. We identify problems with Ekstazi's current collection location set that make it not safe, then present a modified set that will make it equivalent to our safe set. The theorems given in this paper have been formalized in the theorem prover Isabelle over JinjaDCI [Mansky, S. and E. L. Gunter, Dynamic class initialization semantics: A jinja extension, in: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs, CPP 2019 (2019), p. 209–221. URL https://doi.org/10.1145/3293880.3294104 ], a semantics for a subset of Java and JVM including dynamic class initialization and static field and methods. We instrumented JinjaDCI's JVM semantics by giving a general definition for Collection Semantics, small-step semantics instrumented to collect information during execution. We also give a formal general definition of RTS algorithms, including a definition of safety.
Association of Gabapentinoids With the Risk of Opioid-Related Adverse Events in Surgical Patients in the United States.

Importance The use of gabapentinoids in multimodal postoperative analgesia is increasing; however, when coadministered with opioids, these drugs may potentiate central nervous system and respiratory depression. Objective To evaluate the association between perioperative coadministration of gabapentinoids and opioids with inpatient opioid-related adverse events in surgical patients. Design, setting, and participants This cohort study used propensity score trimming, stratification, and weighting of adults admitted for a major surgery between October 2007 and December 2017 who were treated with opioids on the day of surgery and included in the Premier Research database. Data analysis was conducted from February to April 2020. Exposure Gabapentinoids (gabapentin or pregabalin) coadministered with opioids starting the day of surgery vs opioid therapy without gabapentinoids. Main outcomes and measures Primary outcome was opioid overdose. Secondary outcomes included respiratory complications, unspecified adverse effects of opioid use, and a composite of these 3 outcomes. Patients were followed up for as long as 30 days from the day of surgery until deviation from the initial treatment regimen or discharge. Results Gabapentinoids with opioids were administered to 892 484 of 5 547 667 eligible admissions (16.1%; mean [SD] age, 63.5 [11.8] years; 353 315 [39.6%] men). Among the 4 655 183 patients who received opioids only, the mean (SD) age was 63.7 (14.7) years, and 1 913 284 (41.1%) were men. Overall, 441 overdose events were identified, with absolute risks of 1.4 per 10 000 patients with gabapentinoid exposure and 0.7 per 10 000 patients receiving opioids only. Following propensity score trimming, the cohort included 737 383 patients exposed to gabapentinoids and 3 002 480 patients receiving opioids only. The primary analysis yielded the adjusted hazard ratio of 1.95 (95% CI, 1.49-2.55), and the number needed to treat for an additional overdose to occur was 16 914 patients (95% CI, 11 556-31 537 patients). Adjusted hazard ratios for secondary outcomes were 1.68 (95% CI, 1.59-1.78) for respiratory complications, 1.77 (95% CI, 1.61-1.93) for unspecified adverse effects of opioids, and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.62-1.79) for the composite outcome. The results were consistent across sensitivity analyses and subgroups identified by key clinical factors. Conclusions and relevance In this real-world cohort study of patients who underwent major surgery, concomitant use of gabapentinoids with opioids was associated with increased risk of opioid overdose and other opioid-related adverse events; however, the absolute risk of adverse events was low.
A Generalized Survival Function Method for the Expectation of Functions of Nonnegative Random Variables

The survival function method is a well-known alternative procedure for calculating the expectation of a nonnegative random variable with a continuous probability distribution. This paper proves a g...
Analysis of Inter-turn Short Circuits in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines, Including Saturation and Closed-loop Operation

This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis of inter-turn short circuits (ISC) in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM). Although there is plenty of literature available for inter-turn short circuit analysis in electric machines, there is a gap of knowledge to unify ISC analysis of IPMSM under the same constraints. This paper conducts ISC finite element analysis (FEA) under different operating conditions and slot/pole combinations under the same current density. This study also provides a discussion on how an ISC could cause saturation in the motor. Finally, an analysis of ISC under closed-loop control in the rotor reference frame is performed. This paper provides opportunities for machine designs robust to ISC and techniques to detect ISC using the control loop.
A Symposia: MBAs Working In A Problem-based Environment

Ohio University College of Business Administration has adopted a fully integrated, problem-based approach to its programme of instruction for MBA students. By fully integrated, the faculty means an environment in which the traditional, discrete business functions are not viewed separately, but are addressed as needed within the context of a series of progressively more difficult problems. Problem-based involving “living cases” deals with situations that are current, in existing or developing enterprises--that require both primary and secondary research as well as strategic, communicative, analytical, and financial skills.
Introduction: brain tumor immunotherapy

The poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) mandates new therapies. With FDA approval of several immunotherapy agents over the past few years, much attention and resources have been directed towards new immune based approaches and therapies in all cancer types. Immunotherapy for gliomas has been an area of immense interest. In this special issue of Journal of Neuro-Oncology, we have gathered renowned experts in the various disciplines of immunotherapy to discuss the current state, obstacles thus far encountered, and newly emerging issues of immune-based therapies in neuro-oncology.
Scoring system for periventricular leukomalacia in infants with congenital heart disease

Currently two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have been used to assess periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) severity in infants with congenital heart disease: manual volumetric lesion segmentation and an observational categorical scale. Volumetric classification is labor intensive and the categorical scale is quick but unreliable. We propose the quartered point system (QPS) as a novel, intuitive, time-efficient metric with high interrater agreement. QPS is an observational scale that asks the rater to score MRIs on the basis of lesion size, number, and distribution. Pre- and postoperative brain MRIs were obtained on term congenital heart disease infants. Three independent observers scored PVL severity using all three methods: volumetric segmentation, categorical scale, and QPS. One-hundred and thirty-five MRIs were obtained from 72 infants; PVL was seen in 48 MRIs. Volumetric measurements among the three raters were highly concordant (ρc = 0.94–0.96). Categorical scale severity scores were in poor agreement between observers (κ = 0.17) and fair agreement with volumetrically determined severity (κ = 0.26). QPS scores were in very good agreement between observers (κ = 0.82) and with volumetric severity (κ = 0.81). QPS minimizes training and sophisticated radiologic analysis and increases interrater reliability. QPS offers greater sensitivity to stratify PVL severity and has the potential to more accurately correlate with neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Defining Reliability and Robustness from a Human Factors Perspective

A human factors team was tasked with assessing best practices for developing a crewed space vehicle that is both reliable and robust. The team identified two broad dimensions of human factors relevant to reliability and robustness, namely, the attributes of the product, and the processes used to develop the product. The “product” includes hardware, software, documentation, training systems, and procedures throughout all phases of the system life, including construction, testing, operation and maintenance. Three key attributes of the product are the extent to which task demands are within human capabilities, the capacity of the system to cope with human error, and the ability of the system to make use of unique human capabilities during non-routine situations. The “process” dimension of human factors relates to the human systems engineering program that starts in the early stages of design, and continues throughout the life of the system. There are, of course, no guarantees that a formal consideration of human factors throughout the design process will identify all the relevant human issues. However, in the absence of such a consideration, problems are virtually assured.
Variability in the Hormonally Estimated Fertile Phase

Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine the variability in length of the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle with 140 participants who produced 1,060 cycles with an electronic hormonal fertility monitor. The length of the fertile phase, as defined by the first day with a threshold level of urinary E3G and ending with a second day above a threshold of LH, varied from 7 days, with the most frequent length being 3 days. Pregnancy from a single act of intercourse is close to zero outside of the day of ovulation or the 5 days preceding ovulation. These days with a probability of pregnancy have been referred to as the ‘‘6-day fertile window’’ (1). The probability of pregnancy during the fertile window can decrease or increase because of other factors such as the presence or absence of cervical mucus and, in particular, increased age (2–5). What is not well known is whether and how much the length of the fertile window varies from cycle to cycle and from woman to woman. Kuelers et al. (6) sought to determine the variability of the fertile window with 404 subfertile women who attended a fertility clinic and had menstrual cycle lengths from 25 to 35 days. For this study the first day of the fertile window was defined as the day of sexual intercourse resulting in the first normal sperm-to-mucus interaction as determined by a postcoital test or by the first laboratory analyzed sperm– mucus interaction. The end of the fertile window was the estimated day of ovulation as determined by ultrasound observation of the dominant follicle and resultant collapse. All women in the study had daily or every other day ultrasound exams for follicular
Why Lawyers are Different and Why We are the Same: Creating Structural Incentives in Large Law Firms to Promote Ethical Behavior – In-House Ethics Counsel, Bill Padding, and In-House Ethics Training

Lawyers, more than ever, are interested in their ethical obligations. They should be, because malpractice law suits and government enforcement actions – both based on the Rules of Professional Conduct – are on the increase.Our ethics rules make lawyers different than other professionals, and the popular culture does not always understand us. When a medical doctor treats a patient, there is no doctor on the other side representing the disease. Not so for lawyers. In most cases where lawyers are involved, each side has a lawyer, and each client does not appreciate the lawyer on his side defending the adversary.There is no simple magic bullet that will make lawyers feel better about what they do, or make society appreciate the lawyer’s role. However, a study of the economic and psychological literature offers hope. There are several reforms that law firms, particularly large law firms, can institute to make lawyers feel less anonymous and encourage ethical conduct. Firms should create, and the law should encourage, structural incentives to reduce anonymity because that promotes ethical habits. Firms should appoint in-house general counsel, in whom lawyers (particularly young associates) could easily and confidentially confide if they have ethical questions about their own conduct or the conduct of others. Firms should set up procedures for routine in-house auditing of legal bills to catch fraudulent or inadvertent padding of hours before the client raises questions. Firms should provide for in-house ethics training to prevent lawyers from violating ethics rules because of ignorance. The empirical evidence shows that lawyers are less likely to engage in practices like double-billing once they know it is not allowed. Court decisions should not make it more difficult for law firms to create structural incentives that encourage lawyers to get into the habit of following the rules that already exist. Thus, the attorney client privilege should protect lawyers who consult with other lawyers about their ethical obligations for the same reason that the privilege protects clients when consulting with their lawyers: confidentiality promotes candid advice.
Millimeter-wave Extended Interaction Klystrons for high power ground, airborne and space radars

This paper reviews the technology and demonstrated capability of millimeter wave Extended Interaction Klystrons for use in wide range of radar systems. It discusses design and manufacturing concepts stating self-imposed restrictions and design modifications to enhance RF performance, lifetime, reliability and extended operating frequency into the THz region. Presented data are supported using information provided by various academic and industrial customers.
Cellular Fura-2 Manganese Extraction Assay (CFMEA)

Cellular manganese (Mn) uptake and transport dynamics can be measured using a cellular fura-2 manganese extraction assay (CFMEA). The assay described here uses immortalized murine striatal cell line and primary cortical astrocytes, but the method is equally adaptable to other cultured mammalian cells. An ultrasensitive fluorescent nucleic acid stain for quantification of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in solution, Quant-iT PicoGreen, has been utilized for normalization of Mn concentration in the cultured cells, following Mn (II) chloride (MnCl(2)) exposure. Depending on the cell type and density, other methods, e.g., protein determination assays or cell counts, may also be used for normalization. Methods are described for rapidly stopping Mn uptake and transport processes at specified times, extraction, and quantification of cellular Mn content, and normalization of Mn levels to dsDNA concentration.