cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of the electric field enhancement of high-impedance surfaces

High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces (HIS) are known for many applications including low-profile antenna design. However, in high power antenna designs using HIS, the air-breakdown between neighboring elements is a limiting factor. We show that the electric field in the gap between neighboring elements is independent of the resonance quality factor of the HIS. Instead, the average electric field inside the HIS cavities (and therefore the stored energy) scales with the resonance quality factor (Q).
The iliotibial tract: imaging, anatomy, injuries, and other pathology.

The iliotibial tract, also known as Maissiat's band or the iliotibial band, and its associated muscles function to extend, abduct, and laterally rotate the hip, as well as aid in the stabilization of the knee. A select group of associated injuries and pathologies of the iliotibial tract are seen as sequela of repetitive stress and direct trauma. This article intends to educate the radiologist, orthopedist, and other clinicians about iliotibial tract anatomy and function and the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and imaging findings of associated pathologies. Specifically, this article will review proximal iliotibial band syndrome, Morel-Lavallee lesions, external snapping hip syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome and bursitis, traumatic tears, iliotibial insertional tendinosis and peritendonitis, avulsion fractures at Gerdy's tubercle, and Segond fractures. The clinical management of these pathologies will also be discussed in brief.
Families of fixed-point cellular rotations

Abstract A cellular rotation is a pseudofree cellular automorphism, with no non-fixed pseudofixed points, of a graph embedded in an orientable surface. A family of cellular rotations is a collection of cellular rotations having one embedding of each genus above some fixed minimum genus, all sharing the same quotient embedding and, in an appropriate sense, the same voltage-assignment data. We provide a complete catalog of all families of cellular rotations having at least one fixed point, and provide preliminary results regarding families of cellular rotations having no fixed points.
Immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies: past, present, and future

The field of immunotherapy in cancer treatments has been accelerating over recent years and has entered the forefront as a leading area of ongoing research and promising therapies that have changed the treatment landscape for a variety of solid malignancies. Prior to its designation as the Science Breakthrough of the Year in 2013, cancer immunotherapy was active in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. This review provides a broad overview of the past, present, and potential future of immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies.
Abstract 417: Changes in Endothelial Activation and Monocyte Mobilization and Recruitment in Collateral Growth Promotion/Impairment in Lean and Obese Mice

Vascular compensation to arterial occlusion is compromised by cardiovascular risk factors including obesity and hyperglycemia. The specific mechanisms mediating this impairment remain unclear. We have previously observed hindlimb collateral growth (CG), the primary compensation to peripheral artery occlusion, to be profoundly suppressed in diet-induced obese (DIO) relative to lean mice (130 vs. 10% diameter enlargement) while anti-oxidant therapy (apocynin, Apo) restored CG capacity in DIO but suppressed it in lean mice. In this study we utilize lean and DIO mice, with and without Apo treatment to assess the hypothesis that CG is impaired in obesity via redox-dependent inhibition of endothelial cell activation and reduced mobilization and/or recruitment of requisite macrophages. The right femoral artery was ligated distally to induce the gracilis artery to function as the primary collateral. The gracilis muscles of the right (exptl) and left (control) limbs were harvested 3 days post-ligation and immunostaining was performed to evaluate endothelial cell activation (# of ICAM-1 positive microvessels/mm 2 ) and macrophage recruitment (# of F4/80 positive cells/mm 2 ). ICAM-1 immunoreactivity was increased in all experimental limbs but was significant only within the DIO and Lean+Apo groups which are characterized by suppressed CG. The number of F4/80 positive cells was increased in the gracilis muscle of the experimental limb of all groups with a greater increase in the DIO than in Lean and DIO+Apo. FACS analysis of circulating monocytes demonstrated an increase at 1-day post-ligation followed by a decrease at day 3, with a greater percent decrease occurring in the DIO compared to Lean. The data suggest that mechanisms unrelated to deficits in mobilization, activation or recruitment mediate CG impairment in DIO.
Ab initio velocity-field curves in monoclinic β-Ga 2 O 3

We investigate the high-field transport in monoclinic β-Ga2O3 using a combination of ab initio calculations and full band Monte Carlo (FBMC) simulation. Scattering rate calculation and the final state selection in the FBMC simulation use complete wave-vector (both electron and phonon) and crystal direction dependent electron phonon interaction (EPI) elements. We propose and implement a semi-coarse version of the Wannier-Fourier interpolation method [Giustino et al., Phys. Rev. B 76, 165108 (2007)] for short-range non-polar optical phonon (EPI) elements in order to ease the computational requirement in FBMC simulation. During the interpolation of the EPI, the inverse Fourier sum over the real-space electronic grids is done on a coarse mesh while the unitary rotations are done on a fine mesh. This paper reports the high field transport in monoclinic β-Ga2O3 with deep insight into the contribution of electron-phonon interactions and velocity-field characteristics for electric fields ranging up to 450 kV/cm i...
Communication Breakdowns and Repair Strategies of Children with Down Syndrome

The study compared communication breakdowns and repairs during mother-child interactions of children with Down syndrome (DS) and typically developing (TD) children. Thirty-four children with DS and 36 TD children participated with their mothers. Mother-child conversational samples were evaluated for rate of breakdown, rate of resolution of breakdowns, and types of linguistic strategies used by both children and mothers during breakdowns. After controlling for maternal education levels, children’s nonverbal developmental levels, and children’s expressive vocabulary levels, children with DS experienced significantly more communication breakdowns, compared to TD children. The two groups did not differ in their rates of resolving breakdowns. Mothers in each group did not differ in the types of requests for clarification they used, but children in each group showed some differences in the types of repairs they produced, with children with DS using more repetitions and fewer revisions with additional information. Children with DS and their mothers showed some differences in their communication breakdown rate and repair strategies, compared to TD children-mother dyads. However, these differences appear to support effective resolution of communication breakdowns.
Management of Multiple Myeloma

The most recent NCCN Guidelines for Multiple Myeloma include a ranking of the many treatment options for various settings as "preferred," "other," and "useful in certain circumstances." For patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), the preferred regimen remains bortezomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (category 1) or bortezomib/cyclophosphamide/dexamethasone. Upfront ASCT also remains a preferred strategy for patients who are transplant-eligible, despite highly effective newer agents such as induction therapy. Double (tandem) ASCT may benefit patients with high-risk cytogenetics, such as 17p deletion. Lenalidomide maintenance is the standard posttransplant approach and results in improved progression-free and overall survivals. For relapsed disease, a host of new agents have been shown to improve outcomes, mostly in combination with bortezomib or lenalidomide, but their selection depends largely on response and tolerability to prior therapies.
Strength, Trauma, and Tolerance

There are many reasons why the study of the strength of biological tissues and organs is important. In the first place any living organism must be strong enough to withstand the loads imposed on it by its environment and its activities. The history of evolution is a history of cells forming more efficient organizations for competition and survival. The shapes of plants and animals depend largely on the structural materials these organisms can manufacture and organize into structures of adequate strength. See Currey (1970) and Wainwright et al. (1976).
Design Science in the Management Disciplines

Design science and natural science are complementary research paradigms in the management disciplines. Fundamentally the task of management is to develop, articulate, and achieve organizational goals and purposes. Design science research addresses that task by creating novel and effective artifacts that are demonstrated to improve managers’ capability to change “existing situations into preferred ones” (Simon (1996), p. 130). Natural science research addresses it by developing theories that provide deep, principled explanations of phenomena, justified by rigorous empirical evidence that managers can use to guide their actions. Designed artifacts have no special dispensation from the laws of nature; however, business organizations and the environments in which they operate are social constructions (Searle, J. R. (2006) Social ontology: some basic principles, Anthropological Theory 6 (1), pp. 12–29). They are themselves artifacts designed to achieve human goals, purposes, and intentions, influenced by and operating within the context of emergent and intentional human behavior. Furthermore, natural science explanations of how or why an artifact works or does not work may lag years behind the application of the artifact. If academic research is to make significant contributions to management practice it must utilize the results from each paradigm to guide the other. There is evidence that this integration is beginning to take place in several management disciplines including information systems and organizational science. This paper summarizes and assesses this emerging work.
Protein Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the Community.

Background The discovery of novel and highly predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has the potential to improve risk‐stratification methods and may be informative regarding biologic...
Urethrotomy in combination with or after temporary tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats.

Objective To report the clinical findings, outcome, and complications associated with urethrotomy performed in combination with or after temporary tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats. Study design Retrospective case series. Sample population Castrated male goats (n = 15). Methods The medical records of male goats admitted for obstructive urolithiasis were reviewed. Goats that underwent aurethrotomy performed in combination with or after a temporary tube cystostomy were included in the study population. Follow-up information was obtained through hospital records and telephone communication. Results Thirteen of 15 goats were discharged from the hospital a median of 13 days (range, 7-25) after urethrotomy. Complications related to the urinary system occurred in 5 goats and included recurrent obstruction, urination from open urethrotomy, uroabdomen and intra-abdominal adhesions after removal of the Foley catheter, and incisional infection. Five of 7 goats with long-term follow-up (2-24 months after surgery) were healthy, with normal urinary function. The remaining 2 goats returned to the hospital with signs of reobstruction that were attributed to uroliths at necropsy in 1 goat. Conclusion Goats treated with urethrotomy for persistent urethral obstruction after temporary tube cystostomy generally survived the procedure. Normal long-term urinary function was obtained in some goats, although recurrence was the most common complication. Clinical significance Urethrotomy is a surgical option for male goats with persistent urethral obstruction due to urethral calculi after temporary tube cystostomy.
Stress in Boom Times: Understanding Teachers’ Economic Anxiety in a High-Cost Urban District:

Despite growing concern over teachers’ ability to live comfortably where they work, we know little about the systematic relationship between affordability and teachers’ well-being, particularly in ...
Raman spectroscopy and molecular simulation studies of graphitic nanomaterials

Graphitic nanomaterials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, have been of particular interest in the development of applications such as supercapacitors, nanoprobes, drug delivery, biochemical sensors, and storage materials. This chapter will discuss the importance of researching these graphitic nanomaterials through Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. This chapter will also discuss results relating to thermal analysis of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes and the effects of increasing temperature on the Raman features of these materials. Finally, this chapter discusses the results of molecular dynamics simulations based on the Raman spectra thermal analysis results.
Kinetic analysis and reaction mechanism for anisole conversion over zirconia-supported molybdenum oxide

Abstract Gas-phase catalytic conversion of anisole and its reaction intermediates was studied over a 10 wt% MoO3/ZrO2 catalyst at temperatures between 553 and 633 K and H2 partial pressures (PH2) ≤ 1 bar. Benzene, phenol, cresol and methyl anisole were identified as the primary products from the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrogenolysis, intra- and intermolecular alkylation of anisole, respectively. The anisole to benzene conversion featured a first-order dependence with respect to PH2, while the conversion of phenol to benzene and m-cresol to toluene, showed PH2 and Poxygenate reaction orders of 1/2 and zero, respectively. A kinetic model showed that although the secondary pathway of phenol HDO to benzene has a rate constant ∼3 times higher than that for the HDO of anisole to benzene, the anisole HDO pathway is dominant at low anisole conversions. Apparent orders of ∼½ with Poxygenate for anisole hydrogenolysis and alkylation to form phenol, cresol, and methyl anisole implied the existence of different active sites than those responsible for HDO. Co-feed studies with H2O, pyridine, and di-tert butyl pyridine (DTBP) indicated that the active-sites responsible for HDO have a Lewis acid character that is associated with oxygen vacancies and that is distinct from the nature of sites responsible for hydrogenolysis and alkylation. Accordingly, co-feeding CH3OH resulted in increased phenol alkylation rates to form alkylated cresols along with inhibition of phenol to benzene HDO rates. A three-site model was proposed to unify the HDO, hydrogenolysis, and alkylation reactivity data obtained from the kinetic and co-feed studies.
Microfluidic Study on the Two-Phase Fluid Flow in Porous Media During Repetitive Drainage-Imbibition Cycles and Implications to the CAES Operation

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology has been re-emerging as a viable energy storage option to address challenges coming from the mismatch between renewable energy sources and energy demands. Various geologic formations, such as hard rock caverns, depleted oil/gas reservoirs, and saline aquifers, have been considered as the alternative of salt dome caverns for CAES. Storing compressed air in either depleted oil/gas reservoirs or saline aquifers involves two-phase fluid flow in porous media. Moreover, the drainage-imbibition process is likely to be repeated numerous cycles during the CAES operation. In this regard, a thorough understanding of the two-phase fluid flow during the cyclic injection and withdrawal of compressed air is critical to predict the performance of CAES in porous media and to improve its efficiency. This study investigates the repetitive two-phase fluid (water/oil) flow using polydimethylsiloxane-based pore-network micromodels. Two different geometries, Type I with circular solids and Type II with square solids were prepared to represent an unconsolidated and/or partially consolidated sandstone and a fracture network of carbonate rock. During repetitive drainage-imbibition cycles, it was observed that the occupation efficiency of the non-wetting fluid (water) converged to a narrow range for Type I model, while it showed a pronounced fluctuation for Type II, which was partly due to the low residual saturation of the non-wetting fluid during the imbibition process. Besides, the prevalent displacement modes of wetting and non-wetting fluids at the pore-scale were noticeably different between the two pore structures, which were manifested in the unpredictable pattern of non-wetting fluid flow for Type II over the extended cycles. Sweep efficiency and residual saturation in Type I were greater than those in Type II; however, an analysis of effective sweep efficiency and effective residual saturation yielded an opposite result. It implies that the actual efficiency of non-wetting fluid invasion is higher in Type II, and the Type II geometry can accommodate more non-wetting fluid in a given reservoir volume during the charge period. Moreover, more non-wetting fluid can be discharged back for energy regeneration. In conclusion, the geometry of porous media has a great influence on the efficiency of repetitive drainage-imbibition cycles of two-phase fluid flow in porous media, and thus more elaborate study is needed to gain the confidence on the cyclic efficiency of CAES in porous media.
CT-Based Quantification

Image quantification is the extraction of quantitative measures from patient images and the relation of the quantitative measures to patient outcomes. For an image quantification to be most effective, it should meet four requirements of (1) relevance, (2) objectivity, (3) robustness, and (4) implementability. A relevant quantification assigns a number to an observable biological or clinical phenomenon. An objective quantification measures the phenomenon accurately. A robust quantification measures the phenomenon precisely. An implementable quantification is one which can be implemented in a timely fashion in a clinical environment and workflow. Relevance can be assessed by studying how the quantification metrics correlate with clinical patient outcomes. Objectivity and robustness can be assessed using phantoms and biological models to test how different feature extraction workflows lead to different biases and variabilities in the feature measurements. The implementation of quantification in a clinical environment should be such that it is automated, intuitive, and efficient. CT-based quantification has the potential to improve consistency and quality of patient care if it is applied using these principles.
Motivational Strategies to Prevent Frailty in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Focused Review

The prevalence of diabetes among Americans aged 65 years and older is greater than 25%. Medical expenditures for persons with diabetes are more than twice as high as those for patients without diabetes. Diabetes in older adults often times coexists with frailty, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased health-care use. Many older adults with type 2 diabetes have mobility impairments and experience falls, which contributes to increased frailty. Exercise has a protective effect for frailty and falls, yet less than half of persons with diabetes exercise and approximately one-quarter meet exercise recommendations. In addition to exercise, nutrition may help reduce the risk for falls; however, nutritional interventions have not been tested as a fall-prevention intervention. According to a review, there is insufficient evidence to create nutritional guidelines specific for frail older adults with type 2 diabetes. There is a need to motivate and empower older adults with type 2 diabetes to make lifestyle changes to prevent frailty. The purpose of this review was to identify and integrate what is known and what still needs to be done for this population to be successful in making health behavior changes to reduce frailty. There is some evidence that motivational approaches have worked for older adults with various chronic disease conditions. However, studies applying motivational strategies are lacking for frail older adults with type 2 diabetes. A novel motivational approach was described; it combines aspects of the Health Belief Model and Motivational Interviewing. Intervention studies incorporating this model are needed to determine whether this client-driven strategy can help various racial/ethnic populations make the sustainable health behavior changes of increasing exercise and healthy eating while taking into consideration physiological, psychological, and economic barriers.
Advertising Regulation in a Fragmented Media Market

Industrialized democracies disagree on the desirability of television advertising time regulations. This paper considers the effects of advertising time restrictions in a two-sided media market with a fragmented audience and price-inelastic advertising demand. The model predicts that advertising time restrictions can increase efficiency in both television viewing and advertising markets while simultaneously raising stations' incentives to invest in program quality. However, the rationale for advertising restrictions decreases as the media audience fragments.
Language Teacher Psychology

Attention to the language teacher’s mental processes, motivations, and emotional experiences while engaged in or reflecting on the act of teaching has long been wanting. Thus, the volume Language T...
Discordance Among Antibiotic Prescription Guidelines Reflects a Lack of Clear Best Practices.

Background Antibiotics are among the most frequently administered drugs globally, yet they are often prescribed inappropriately. Guidelines for prescribing are developed by expert committees at international and national levels to form regional standards and by local experts to form hospital guidance documents. Our aim was to assess variability in antibiotic prescription guidelines for both regional standards and individual hospitals. Methods A search through 3 publicly accessible databases from February to June 2018 led to a corpus of English language guidance documents from 70 hospitals in 12 countries and regional standards from 7 academic societies. Results Guidelines varied markedly in content and structure, reflecting a paucity of rules governing their format. We compared recommendations for 3 common bacterial infections: community-acquired pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and cellulitis. Hospital guidance documents and regional standards frequently disagreed on preferable antibiotic classes for common infections. Where agreement was observed, guidance documents appeared to inherit recommendations from their respective regional standards. Several regional prescribing patterns were identified, including a greater reliance on penicillins over cephalosporins in the United Kingdom and fluoroquinolones in the United States. Regional prescribing patterns could not be explained by antibiotic resistance or costs. Additionally, literature that cited underlying recommendations did not support the magnitude of recommendation differences observed. Conclusions The observed discordance among prescription recommendations highlights a lack of evidence for superior treatments, likely resulting from a preponderance of noninferiority trials comparing antibiotics. In response, we make several suggestions for developing guidelines that support best practices of antibiotic stewardship.
Lightweight Digital Signature Solution to Defend Micro Aerial Vehicles Against Man-In-The-Middle Attack

Micro aerial vehicles, a.k.a. drones, have become an integral part of a variety of civilian and military application domains, including but not limited to aerial surveying and mapping, aerial surveillance and security, aerial inspection of infrastructure, and aerial delivery. Meanwhile, the security and privacy of drones are gaining significant attention due to both financial and strategic information and value involved in aerial applications. Due to the lack of security features in communication protocols, an adversary can easily interfere with on-going communications or even seize the control of drone. In this paper, we propose a lightweight digital signature protocol, also referred to as DroneSig, to protect drones from man-in-the-middle attack, where an adversary eavesdrops the communications between Ground Control Station (GCS) and drone, and impersonates the GCS and sends fake commands to terminate the ongoing mission or even take control over the drone. The basic idea of the DroneSig is that the drone will only execute the new command after validating the received digital signature from the GCS, proving that the new command message is coming from the authenticated GCS. If the validation of digital signature fails, the new command is rejected immediately and the Return-to-Launch (RTL) mode is initiated and forces the drone to return to takeoff position. We conduct extensive simulation experiments for performance evaluation and comparison with existing Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Data Encryption Standard (DES), and Triple DES (3DES). The simulation results show that the proposed DroneSig can achieve better performance in terms of energy consumption, computation time, CPU cycle, memory usage, and code size, indicating a viable and competitive approach defending drones against man-in-the-middle attack.
National trends and predictors of mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate national trends in utilization, resource use, and predictors of immediate breast reconstruction (IR) after mastectomy. Methods The 2005–2014 National Inpatient Sample database was used to identify adult women undergoing mastectomy. IR was defined as any reconstruction during the same inpatient stay. Multivariable regression models were utilized to identify factors associated with IR. Results Of 729,340 patients undergoing mastectomy, 41.3% received IR. Rates of IR increased from 28.2% in 2005 to 58.2% in 2014 (NP-trend Conclusion Mastectomy with IR is increasingly performed with resource utilization rising at a steady pace. Our study points to persistent sociodemographic and hospital level disparities associated with the under-utilization of IR. Efforts are needed to alleviate disparities in IR.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Following Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: A Retrospective Feasibility Study at a Single Academic Medical Center.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the use of direct oral anticoagulants following radical cystectomy for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. We compared the experience of those who received venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following a robot-assisted radical cystectomy with either a direct oral anticoagulant or enoxaparin. Methods Medical records of 66 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy between July 2017 and May 2020 at a single academic institution were reviewed retrospectively. Patients received extended prophylaxis with either a direct oral anticoagulant or enoxaparin before or following surgical discharge. Venous thromboembolic events and complications resulting in emergency department visits and readmissions were reviewed over a 90-day postoperative period. Results A total of 4 venous thromboembolic events within 90 days of surgery were observed. Among patients taking enoxaparin, 5% (2/37) developed a deep vein thrombosis and 3% (1/37) developed a pulmonary embolism. Among patients taking direct oral anticoagulants, 3% (1/29) developed a deep vein thrombosis. Zero patients in the enoxaparin group and 3% (1/29) of patients in the direct oral anticoagulant group experienced bleeding that required an emergency department visit. Conclusion Direct oral anticoagulants performed comparably to enoxaparin in this feasibility study following robot-assisted radical cystectomy in 66 patients. No significant differences in the number of venous thromboembolisms or bleeding complications were observed. These data encourage future studies and support the prospect of direct oral anticoagulants as a potentially suitable oral alternative to injectable low molecular weight heparins for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following radical cystectomy.
Life course perspective on the role of military sexual trauma as a pathway to homelessness for female Veterans

LAY SUMMARY The human dimension of war can be traumatizing. For women serving as active-duty service members, the atrocities of war can be exacerbated by sexual harassment and abuse, known as milit...
Cellular translational enhancer elements that recruit eukaryotic initiation factor 3

Abstract Translation initiation is a highly regulated process which broadly affects eukaryotic gene expression. Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a central player in canonical and alternative pathways for ribosome recruitment. Here we have investigated how direct binding of eIF3 contributes to the large and regulated differences in protein output conferred by different 5′-untranslated regions (5′-UTRs) of cellular mRNAs. Using an unbiased high-throughput approach to determine the affinity of budding yeast eIF3 for native 5′-UTRs from 4,252 genes, we demonstrate that eIF3 binds specifically to a subset of 5′-UTRs that contain a short unstructured binding motif, AMAYAA. eIF3 binding mRNAs have higher ribosome density in growing cells and are preferentially translated under certain stress conditions, supporting the functional relevance of this interaction. Our results reveal a new class of translational enhancer and suggest a mechanism by which changes in core initiation factor activity enact mRNA-specific translation programs.
A Single-Stage Bidirectional AC-DC Converter Feasible for Onboard Battery Chargers

This article proposes a novel topology of a single-stage single-phase bidirectional ac-dc converter with high-frequency isolation feasible for onboard chargers. Its structure uses the interleaving concept associated with an autotransformer that is responsible for sharing the current stresses and increasing the current ripple frequency, as well as obtaining a five-level voltage waveform. A theoretical study of the structure, the operation principle, and a detailed loss analysis are performed. The mathematical analysis and control strategy are validated through simulations and a 1-kW small-scale experimental prototype. The topology is also redesigned to 6.6 kW and a comparison with a traditional two-stage solution usually employed in onboard chargers is presented, thus demonstrating that the proposed structure is competitive with other similar counterparts. Despite the proposed converter presents higher capacitive losses, when operating at 200 kHz, it has reduced volume of magnetics, resulting in an efficiency of 95.71%. If the proposed converter is designed for the operation at 80 kHz, a similar magnetic volume results when compared with the two-stage solution, but with a higher efficiency of 96.36% and avoiding the volume of resonant capacitors.
Case 38: A Case of Intraoperative Hyperthermia

You are working in a mission hospital in Zanzibar on the east coast of Africa. You arrived there 3 weeks ago and you are the only anesthesiologist. This evening you are anesthetizing a healthy 18-year-old nulliparous woman for an emergency Cesarean section under general anesthesia for fetal distress. Her preoperative examination was normal and she was afebrile. She denied any previous abnormal reactions to anesthesia. None of her family members were allergic to any medication.
A Lagrangian Which Models Lambda CDM Cosmology and Explains the Null Results of Direct Detection Efforts.

The purpose of this paper is to reconcile observations of dark matter effects on the galactic and cosmological scales with the null results of astroparticle physics observations such as CDMS and ANTARES. This paper will also provide a candidate unified and simpler mathematical formulation for the Lambda CDM model. Unification is achieved by a combination of the f(R) approach, with the standard LCDM approach and inflationary models. It is postulated that dark matter-energy fields depend on the Ricci curvature R. Standard methods of classical and quantum field theory on curved space time are applied. When this model is treated as a quantum field theory in curved space-time, the dark matter-dark matter fermion annihilation cross section grows as the square of the Ricci scalar. It is proposed and mathematically demonstrated that in this model dark matter particles could have shorter lifetimes in regions of relatively strong gravity such as near the sun, near the Earth, or any other large mass. The unexpected difficulties in directly observing fermionic particles of dark matter in Earth based observatories are explained by this theory. The gravitational field of the Sun and Earth may effect them in ways the standard WIMP models would never predict.
Algebraic Structures on Finite Sets

In IB we introduced the characteristic functions c S for subsets S of a set U and proved (IB2) that the function c S ↦ S is a bijection between K U and P(U). Subsequently it was to be verified (Exercise IB3) that this same bijection made the assignments c S + c T ↦ S + T and c S c T ↦ S ∩ T. We have thereby that (P(U), +, ∩) is “algebra-isomorphic” to the commutative algebra (K U , +, ·), and hence (P(U), +, ∩) is a commutative algebra over the field K. In particular, (P(U), +) is a vector space over K, while (P(U), +, ∩) is a commutative ring; ∅ is the additive identity and U itself is the multiplicative identity. For the present we shall be concerned only with the vector space structure.
A Sam Bearing Ball Inspection System

Ceramic bearing balls have great potential for replacing steel bearing balls in most applications because of their lower weight, larger strength at high temperatures, and abundance of raw materials. However, ceramic materials are brittle, and the advantages of ceramic parts can be lost if small surface cracks and bulk defects are present in part. This work will report on a method we developed to detect small sub-micron surface cracks in ceramic bearing balls. We present a theory to calculate the scattering from these small “trenches” or cracks, and we will present an amplitude and phase measuring acoustic microscope capable of detecting these defects. We will present results of “line scans” across cracks in ceramics bearing balls where the balls are rolled under the stationary transducer.
Some Basics En Route to Isoconversional Methodology

The chapter discusses the major differences between the classical kinetics of homogeneous systems and the heterogeneous kinetics and presents some basic ideas of the latter. It highlights the unavoidably complex (multistep) nature of the condensed-phase kinetics and introduces the concept of variable activation energy. It also provides some practical advice about the proper use of the thermal analysis techniques for obtaining computation-worthy data.
Amino acid and energy interrelationships in growing beef steers: II. Effects of energy intake and metabolizable lysine supply on growth.

We conducted three experiments to determine the optimal metabolizable Lys:net energy ratio for growth of beef calves. The single basal diet fed contained corn (56.1%), soybean hulls (18%), cottonseed hulls (15%), animal fat (4.25%), and corn gluten meal (5.6%). In Exp. 1, 54 steers were individually fed the basal diet at 1.5, 2.25, and 3.0 times NE m requirement; rations were top-dressed with 3.4 g of rumen-stable (RS) Met and either 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 g of RS-Lys daily. An additional 18 steers were fed the same three levels of energy and supplemented with 125 g of blood meal per steer. In Exp. 2, 68 crossbred steers were subjected to the same experimental protocol, with the exception that only the two highest levels of energy were used. Of these steers, 48 were fed individually and received the RS-Lys treatments; the remaining 20 steers received 125 g of blood meal per steer. No interaction ( P >.10) was detected between level of supplemental Lys and energy intake in Exp. 1 or 2. Supplementation with RS-Lys improved (P .10) on growth in Exp. 2. The Lys requirement estimates were 44.3 and 51.3 g/d, corresponding to maximal growth rates of 1.21 and 1.64 kg/d for the 2.25 and 3.0 times maintenance treatments, respectively. Comparing the growth rates of steers fed supplemental Lys with those of steers fed blood meal in Exp. 1 and 2 revealed an ADG advantage (P <.03) with blood meal supplementation. To confirm the blood meal response, Exp. 3 used 75 crossbred steers fed the basal diet at 3.0 times NE m requirement plus either 3.4 g RS-Met, 3.4 g RS-Met and 12 g RS-Lys, or 125 g of blood meal per steer. Blood meal supplementation improved (P <.01) growth of steers over those fed supplemental Met or Met plus Lys. Although a distinct relationship between amino acid requirements and energy supply may exist, Lys and Met were not first-limiting in these experiments, or selective supplementation with undegradable protein may have provided some factor that enhanced performance beyond that detected with Lys and Met alone.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor-interacting proteins: novel targets for central nervous system drug discovery?

The main pharmacological effects of marijuana, as well as synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids, are mediated through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including CB1 and CB2 receptors. The CB1 receptor is the major cannabinoid receptor in the central nervous system and has gained increasing interest as a target for drug discovery for treatment of nausea, cachexia, obesity, pain, spasticity, neurodegenerative diseases and mood and substance abuse disorders. Evidence has accumulated to suggest that CB1 receptors, like other GPCRs, interact with and are regulated by several other proteins beyond the established role of heterotrimeric G-proteins. These proteins, which include the GPCR kinases, β-arrestins, GPCR-associated sorting proteins, factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase, other GPCRs (heterodimerization) and the novel cannabinoid receptor-interacting proteins: CRIP1a/b, are thought to play important roles in the regulation of intracellular trafficking, desensitization, down-regulation, signal transduction and constitutive activity of CB1 receptors. This review examines CB1 receptor-interacting proteins, including heterotrimeric G-proteins, but with particular emphasis on non-G-protein entities, that might comprise the CB1 receptosomal complex. The evidence for direct interaction with CB1 receptors and potential functional roles of these interacting proteins is discussed, as are future directions and challenges in this field with an emphasis on the possibility of eventually targeting these proteins for drug discovery. This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids. To view the editorial for this themed issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00831.x
Effect of soy proteins on the growth of Clostridium perfringens

Proteins that are used to fabricate imitation foods such as synthetic meats were evaluated for stimulative or inhibitory effects on the growth of Clostridium perfringens. Growth rate and extent were measured in thioglycolate medium without dextrose. This liquid medium contains Trypticase (BBL) which served as the protein control. For comparison, various soy proteins, synthetic meats, beef, turkey, sodium caseinate, and combinations of each were substituted for Trypticase. Meat loaf systems were also employed to determine the effects of protein additives to meat under actual meat loaf conditions. Growth of C. perfringens type A, strain S40, was measured in the respective media at 45 C at a pH of 7.0 and an E(h) of below -300 mv. Viable populations were enumerated by agar plate techniques on Trypticase-sulfite-yeast-citrate-agar incubated anaerobically (90% N(2)-10% CO(2)) for 18 hr at 35 C. When compared to Trypticase, some soy proteins had stimulative effects on the growth of C. perfringens, whereas sodium caseinate and some soy proteins were inhibitory. In liquid medium in which meat or soy meat was the source of protein, there was a marked stimulation by beef, chicken, and soy beef. Soy chicken supported growth at a rate less than observed with Trypticase. Under actual meat loaf conditions, the addition of soy meat or protein additives to beef did not affect the growth of C. perfringens. The addition of protein additives to turkey meat loaves significantly enhanced the rate of growth of C. perfringens. The stimulative effects of some soy proteins are significant in relation to control of foodborne disease.
Climate change and recent genetic flux in populations of Drosophila robusta

Studied since the early 1940's, chromosomal polymorphisms in the deciduous woods species Drosophila robusta have been characterized by well-defined latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational clines, but – until at least ten years ago – stable, local population frequencies. Recent biogeographical analyses indicate that D. robusta invaded North America from southeast Asia and has persisted in eastern temperate forests for at least 20–25 my without speciating. The abundant chromosome polymorphisms found across the range of D. robusta are thus likely to be relatively ancient, having accumulated over many well known climatic cycles in North America. Sufficient long-term data are now available such that we can now gauge the rate of these evolutionary changes in natural populations due to environmental change. Recent local collections have revealed significant changes in the frequencies of several chromosomal forms. New data presented here extend the range of these changes to six states, three in the northeastern United States and three west of the Mississippi River. These data reinforce recent directional changes in which the frequencies of three gene arrangements have reached percentage levels typical of distant southern populations consistent with regional climatic changes. Another gene arrangement has been steadily decreasing in frequency at a number of the sites studied. Meteorological records from 1945 to 2003 indicate temperature increases at all study sites, particularly average minimum air temperatures. Observation of parallel genetic flux suggests that these long-term temporal frequency shifts in widely disparate populations of D. robusta are evolutionary responses to environmental change. Since these chromosomes are known to be sensitive to ambient temperature, regional climatic shifts associated with global warming are likely to be responsible.
Research in the delivery of female health care: a decade's experience in resident education and a university-based mobile health care team.

Abstract This presentation describes how a university-based mobile medical team provides comprehensive female health services on a continuing basis to a rural, low-income population dispersed throughout a 13 county, 10,000 square mile region. This population seen in their local environment during regularly scheduled extramural clinic sessions is the primary responsibility of the resident staff of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and provides the residents with their practical teaching material both in the clinic and in the hospital. The health-care delivery system that is in effect is an integral part of the resident staff educational program.
Taking charge of the challenge: Factors to consider in taking your first nurse practitioner job

Purpose: To describe factors that ensure a smooth transition from nurse practitioner (NP) student to independent NP during the first year of practice. Data sources: Two contrasting case examples, the authors' experiences, and selected professional literature. Conclusions: Key points to consider upon searching or taking a first NP job include patient, colleague, and clinic factors. Patient factors include mix of patient presentations, complexity of patient presentations, insurance status, and population. Colleague factors include mentorship, charting, mix of providers, and availability of providers. Perhaps most importantly, clinic factors include productivity expectations, practice mission, charting systems, on-call requirements, supervision of other staff, and teaching status. Together, these factors can largely determine whether an NP's days are satisfying or frustrating in a new job. Implications for practice: The transition from NP student to independent NP can be daunting. Although nursing schools and practice sites have responsibilities to ensure the transition is smooth, the new NP is ultimately responsible for the transition.
Radioimmunoassay: Its Past, Present, and Potential

It is indeed a great honor and pleasure for me to receive the Georg von Hevesy Medal and to present this lecture in this honor. In my Nobel lecture last year I had already acknowledged my debt to him as the scientific progenitor of my career [1]. It is my regret that I never had the opportunity of meeting him. Yet my interests in the role of radioisotopes in biomedical investigation so closely parallel his that it is almost as if Professor von Hevesy were my teacher. His book on “Radioactive Indicators” was published in 1948, just after I joined the Veterans Administration Hospital in the Bronx to establish a Radioisotope Service. Through its pages I felt that I knew him, learned from him and developed professionally under his aegis. As nuclear medicine grew and became increasingly concerned with imaging, my own interests diverged from its mainstream and remained in the development and application of radioisotope methodology to analyze the fine structure of biologic systems. Radioimmunoassay is different from but has much in common with the isotopic dilution technique which Professor von Hevesy pioneered.
Promises of Dill Seed

My children will tell you I have not been a good father? waking them at night to hear Mars screaming by, once burning their fingers when I only meant to show them how to hang a Monet. What they'll remember to tell their children, or at least the authorities, is about the day on the way home, I stopped my bicycle, stopped to steal a wren from the bushes. I'll say she was injured?to justify my covetous nature. I half promised her dill seed. My children will be merciless in their rendering of that day, penalizing me with no Milton, or one hundred days without windows. But, for a good ten or twelve minutes, there was pure beauty as I stood in our driveway, bird having been nearly crushed from the sweaty, uphill pedaling. Beauty in the bloody knee of the daughter who tripped running to greet us. Beauty in their open mouths. Beauty in the three piano movers next door as they carried an upright across the lawn (a physics problem in a book would years later use this picture). Beauty in the way the fourth man, the one with the clipboard, pencil behind his ear, trotted up to where the men bowed backward, their chins tilted toward a warm sky, and played a menuet by H?ndel that, in its fineness, started me crying, started the trees crying. "Look, look!" I said, pointing to the movers, the weeping trees, but I may just as well have been Gregor the bug trying to explain his strange condition, for the children had already rounded the corner of the house, one looking for a box, another for a jam lid and water.
String-inspired triplet seesaw mechanism from diagonal embedding of S U ( 2 ) L ⊂ S U ( 2 ) A × S U ( 2 ) B

Motivated by string constructions, we consider a variant on the Type II see-saw mechanism involving the exchange of triplet representations of $SU(2{)}_{L}$ in which this group arises from a diagonal embedding into $SU(2{)}_{A}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2{)}_{B}$. A natural assignment of standard model lepton doublets to the two underlying gauge groups results in a bimaximal pattern of neutrino mixings and an inverted hierarchy in masses. Simple perturbations around this leading-order structure can accommodate the observed pattern of neutrino masses and mixings.