cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5659: Down-regulation of hTERT sensitizes chemotherapeutic effects of docetaxel in human prostate cancer cells via suppression of PIM-1 oncogene

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Taxanes comprise some of the most widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agents for various cancers. Docetaxel is an effective first-line treatment for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. However, despite the recently demonstrated survival benefits of docetaxel-based chemotherapy, most patients will move from response to progression within 6 months. Moreover, effective concentrations of docetaxel have side effects including localized erythema of the extremities with edema followed by desquamation, severe neuropathy, fatigue, and weakness which can have debilitating effects in patients with prostate cancer. One reason for disease progression is the up-regulation of PIM-1 expression following docetaxel treatment of prostate cancer cells. PIM-1 is a serine-threonine kinase that promotes survival by inhibiting the activity of apoptotic proteins. In a recent study, we observed that a telomerase suppressing small molecule MST-312, and hTERT siRNA down-regulated PIM-1 protein level in prostate cancer cells. These results prompted us to investigate whether combination of docetaxel with inhibition of telomerase by MST-312 or TERT siRNA would have synergistic effects on prostate cancer cell growth and induce death. Treatment of PC3 cells with 1 nM of docetaxel for 3 days substantially promoted the viability of cells compared to the control, with a 27% increase in cell number. This increase was associated with the up-regulation of PIM-1. Treatment of telomerase inhibitory concentration (2 μM) of MST-312 over 3 days resulted in a 51% decrease in cell viability relative to the 1 nM docetaxel treated groups, associated with a decrease in PIM-1 protein levels. More interestingly, treatment of 2 μM MST-312 with 1 nM docetaxel for 3 days resulted in 72% reduction in cell viability compared to docetaxel alone and 43% reduction in cell viability compared to MST-312 alone. This combined treatment also resulted in lower levels of PIM-1 activity than MST-312 or docetaxel treatment alone. These results suggest that there is synergy between the combination of telomerase inhibitor MST-312 with docetaxel in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. This can be explained by the down-regulation of PIM-1 kinase that promotes resistance to docetaxel treatment. These findings suggest potential clinical benefit by the combined use of docetaxel and telomerase inhibitors for prostate cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5659.
The Welfare Threat: AFDC Coverage and Closeness in the American States

This paper explores the relationship between selected state demographic variables and tzvo measures of public welfare activity-coverage and closeness for 1960 and 1970. Generally, state wealth accounts for differentials in coverage (State AFDC RecipientsITotals Persons in Poverty in State) while the proportions of poor, proportions nonwhites and state growth in the preceding decade are influential in explaining differential closeness. (Average Monthly State AFDC Grant, Per Recipient/Monthly Per Capita Income of the State.) The two zvelfare measures are seen as linked to the societal-wide contest betzveen norms of achievement and norms of equality. American society is continually contradictory. At the broadest level it continually supports a contest between values of achievement, and those of equality (Lipset). At a more concrete level, American society has norms guiding the ways in which individuals might support themselves, and norms guiding them on what happens if they don't. One could characterize them as norms of work versus norms of charity. These norms become implicated in daily life-every time someone goes to work or sends a check to the United Fund, or applies for unemployment compensation or food stamps. These norms, however, not only generate controversy between each other, but serve as surrogates for conflicts over the values with which they are linked-work norms to achievement values, and charity norms to equality values. The contest between these two systems is not implacable; there are points at which they are mutually supportive. Yet neither is the contest equal. The values of achievement and the norms of work seem always stronger than the values of equality and the norms of charity. One could
Shorter waiting times for hepatitis C virus seropositive recipients of cadaveric renal allografts from hepatitis C virus seropositive donors

Introduction. The purposes of this study were: 1) to analyze the early results of cadaveric renal transplantation from either hepatitis C virus seropositive (HCV ) or hepatitis C virus seronegative (HCV ) donors into HCV recipients; and 2) to determine whether HCV patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) might benefit from receiving renal allografts from HCV donors.
Interspecific genetic complementation analysis of human and sheep fibroblasts with beta-galactosidase deficiency.

Interspecific somatic cell hybrids were analyzed by genetic complementation to determine if a lysosomal storage disease in sheep associated with deficiencies of β-galactosidase and α-neuraminidase was homologous with any of four β-galactosidase-deficient human diseases. Fibroblasts from β-glactosidase-deficient sheep, cats, and human patients were fused and assayed histochemically for β-galactosidase, with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-d-galactoside. We observed complementation in heterokaryons consisting of fibroblasts from β-galactosidase-deficient sheep and fibroblasts from patients with galactosialidosis or mucolipidosis type II, but no complementation in heterokaryons consisting of fibroblasts from β-galactosidase-deficient sheep and fibroblasts from human or feline GM1, gangliosidosis (type I) or from human mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB fibroblasts. We conclude that the ovine disease is due to a mutation at the genetic locus homologous with that of GM1, gangliosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB, suggesting that the primary defect in the ovine disease is a mutation of the β-galactosidase structural gene.
Export taxes versus buffer stocks as optimal export policies under uncertainty

Abstract Optimal state-dependent export taxes and costly-to-store buffer stocks are compared in their welfare implications for an exporter possessing monopoly power in the international trade of a volatile commodity. Optimal stochastic control is used to derive the optimal buffer stock rules. It is shown that, if the internal and external fluctuations facing the exporter are large, if the storage costs are low, and if the price elasticity of export supply is small relative to that of export demand, the exporter would gain more from a buffer stock than from a optimal export tax. World welfare is always increased by buffer stocks, as opposed to tariffs; and, under some conditions, the foreign country might also benefit and, hence, not retaliate.
Clinical assessment of ocular response to a multipurpose contact lens care solution

Abstract The issue of possible adverse effects of contact lens care solutions on ocular health has been raised in the literature. Possible effects of a multipurpose contact lens care solution (Bausch & Lomb ReNu®) on eight measures of ocular function were evaluated relative to the effects of physiological saline (Bausch & Lomb Sensitive Eyes®. In a randomized, two-treatment, crossover design, all subjects were treated with each of the two solutions on successive weeks. In 73 subjects, comprised of contact lens and non-lens wearers, tear break-up time was measured using the keratometer mire and fluorescein techniques. Measures of autonomic function were vertical palpebral aperture size, amplitude of accommodation, intraocular pressure, pupil size, conjunctival injection, and pupil reactivity. The results indicated that this multipurpose solution provoked no adverse ocular response as determined by the tear breakup time and autonomic functions, and the multipurpose solution was clinically equivalent to physiological saline. These results apply to both contact lens wearers and non-lens wearers. Additional findings speak of the unreliability of the fluorescein method for measuring tear break-up time.
Attitudinal familism predicts weight management adherence in Mexican–American women

Adherence to behavioral weight management programs is often limited, especially among ethnic minority populations. The current study examined whether attitudinal familism, or attention to the needs of family above those of the self, predicted poorer adherence to a behavioral weight management program in Mexican–American women. One-hundred overweight or obese Mexican–American women from the southwestern United States were enrolled in a group-based weight loss treatment. Zero-order correlations indicated that general commitment to attitudinal familism, as measured by the Attitudinal Familism Scale, was significantly negatively associated with calorie and physical activity goal completion and marginally negatively associated with session attendance. The results of the current study indicate that researchers may consider addressing familism when developing tailored weight management interventions for Mexican–American women.
Distinguishing Market Segments to Assess Price Responsiveness

Economists and marketers have developed theoretical constructs to suggest that effective market segmentation can be used to identify differences in price sensitivity between market segments. The purpose of this investigation is to use marketing research to distinguish market segments useful in industrial pricing decisions. Both macrosegmentation using characteristics of customers, i.e. end-use and usage level, as well as microsegmentation using behavioral variables, were utilized to determine if segments of the industrial market differ in price sensitivity.
Serum-soluble antigens of malaria: a review.

Abstract Soluble antigens have been found in sera of men and animals acutely infected with various plasmodial strains. These antigens have been detected by double-diffusion gel-precipitation assays using sera of acutely infected subjects (antigen) and antisera obtained after convalescence. Three serum-soluble antigens (SA 1, SA 2, SA 3) have been isolated and partially purified from chickens infected with Plasmodium gallinaceum. In the gel-precipitation assay, the SA 1 precipitin line developed closest to the antigen well; the SA 3 precipitin line developed closest to the antibody well, and the SA 2 precipitin line developed between the SA 1 and SA 3 precipitin lines. Study of serologic relationship among the three antigens indicated that they were distinct immunologic entities. Serum-soluble antigens with properties similar to those described above have been demonstrated in sera of monkeys and of humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum. The potential of isolating and studying serum-soluble antigens freed in the course of the disease without resorting to cell- or tissue-extraction procedures offers immediate advantages and presents a new approach for immunologic studies of malaria.
Parametric Study of Large-Scale Eddy Properties. Part II. The Zonal Scale

The paper studies the average zonal wavenumber in relation to theoretical and experimental consideration not taken into account by Srivatsangam (1976b). A result of the laboratory experiments with rotating cylindrical annuli is the inverse relationship between the horizontal temperature gradient and the azimuthal wavenumber. Such a relationship is sought in the atmosphere in order to delineate in which belt, if anywhere, there is a similarity between the atmosphere and the laboratory experiments. Linear baroclinic theory reveals the existence of a functional dependence between the zonal wavelength of the most rapidly amplifying waves and the static stability. Results pertaining to the dependence of the average zonal wavenumber on the meridional temperature gradient along with results on the correlation between the average zonal wavenumber and static stability are presented.
An American argument for belief in the reality of God

Concerning the grounds of belief in the reality of God, there is a marked preference for partisanship. Philosophers and theologians alike have made a tradition out of rendering feeling, faith, and reason either unrelated or in some way dominant of each other. American philosophers in a variety of ways have strained against this tradition. Edwards describes the sense of the heart; Emerson discusses the feeling of design in the universe; and James defends the right of will in conjunction with his Peircean claim that belief in God is a reasonable hypothesis. An American argument for belief in the reality of God should embrace this mediating impulse. I shall propose an argument which does this in two ways: (1) by making feeling, faith, and reason equally legitimate as origins of a belief in God, and (2) by demonstrating the necessary interdependence of these three categories or elements. While I shall clearly be drawing on the insights of Emerson, Peirce, and James, their work is in no way directly responsible for any difficulties that might arise in the argument that follows. In his "Neglected Argument for the Reality of God" Peirce maintained that "An "Argument" is any process of thought reasonably tending to produce a definite belief (6.456). l 1 want to broaden this to the claim that an "argument" is any process of consciousness tending to produce a definite belief. Feeling, willing, and reasoning I take to be processes of consciousness. The notion of "belief which attends this description of "argument" also needs to be stated. We often treat belief as if it were an article of clothing - as something we have and carry around with us. Or we treat it as a one-shot deal, as something occurring in some specific moment. It is not the first insofar as belief is active not passive; belief is not a dead description, but a way of acting in the world. It is not the second because, as living, belief endures. And if it fails to endure, it is no longer belief. To treat belief as if it were the proposition we write on a
Automated process for manufacturing carbon nanotube (CNT) based nano devices

This paper presents a novel automated manufacturing process for mass producing nano devices with superior and advanced material, carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs are found to be a promising material for nanoelectronics due to their sizes and unique properties. Conventional electronic devices replaced by CNT are possibly to be miniature and provide better performance, and therefore, people have focused on developing a method to produce CNT based nano devices. Electrical assembly of CNTs is one of the promising methods to manipulate the CNT in place and apply them in such applications. Since the size of CNTs is in nano scale, traditional robotic manipulation cannot be applied. Building single CNT device is challenging and therefore, most people have concentrated on manipulating bundled CNTs. However, the electrical property of bundled CNTs is difficult to control, and resulting the device cannot benefit from quantum properties of single CNT. Therefore, an automated process for manufacturing single CNT based nano devices is developed. A CNT deposition system is developed to manipulate single CNT across microelectrodes precisely and repeatedly by dielectrophoresis (DEP). Moreover, different types of CNTs can be selected by using a micro chamber to filter specific electronic property of CNTs. The system can potentially be used to fabricate an array of CNT based devices, and a fast and feasible batch nano assembly of consistent nano devices can be achieved.
Assessment of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule in conjunctivitis and keratitis in vivo neuraminidase activity increases in nonencapsulated pneumococci following conjunctival infection.

Purpose: The pneumococcal capsule is required for pathogenesis in systemic infections, yet reports show most conjunctivitis outbreaks are caused by nonencapsulated pneumococci, while keratitis infections are caused by encapsulated strains. This study aims to determine the effect of capsule in pneumococcal keratitis and conjunctivitis in rabbit models of infection.Methods: A capsule-deficient isogenic mutant was created using homologous transformation. Parent and mutant strains were injected within the upper bulbar conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) or into the corneal stroma (keratitis) of New Zealand white rabbits. Clinical examinations were performed 24 and 48 hr post-infection at which time corneas or conjunctivae were removed, homogenized, and plated to determine the recovered bacterial load. Whole eyes were removed for histological examination. The neuraminidase activity was determined following in vitro and in vivo growth.Results: There were no significant differences in clinical scores between the eyes i...
Medical History and Etiology of Prostate Cancer

The clinical course of prostate cancer is influenced by hormonal therapies; hence it is plausible that clinical syndromes that influence hormonal levels also affect risk of prostate cancer. Hormones may be involved in its etiology as well as various clinical conditions that may be related to hormonal imbalance such as cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. Cirrhosis induces changes in estrogen metabolism as it is noted in the development of testicular atrophy and gynecomastia due to hyperestrogenism. Autopsy studies are conducted to investigate the relation of cirrhosis with prostate cancer prevalence. Meanwhile the relation between diabetes and prostate cancer is likely to be complex as noted on the discrepancies between study of health professionals and the Cancer Prevention Study. On the other hand several studies have examined vasectomy in relation to risk of prostate cancer. However biologic basis underlying such relation remains to be speculative. In terms of a link between inflammatory states and carcinogenesis prostatitis is considered as having carcinogenic potential. As such study of chronic prostatitis in relation to prostate cancer should be undertaken since the epidemiologic data are insufficient.
Flow cytometric measurement of microparticles: Pitfalls and protocol modifications

Upon activation, many cells shed components of their plasma membranes as microparticles. Depending on the methods of preparation and analyses, microparticle counts may vary significantly between laboratories, making data analyses and clinical correlations challenging. To assess how variations in sample preparation affect microparticle measurements, blood samples from 13 healthy, adult volunteers were labeled with Annexin V, cell-specific antibodies, and antibodies against tissue factor (TF). Data were acquired and analysed using an EPICS XL-MCL flow cytometer. Annexin V(+) monocyte-, platelet-, endothelial-, or erythrocyte-derived microparticles accounted for 10.4%, 38.5%, 43.8%, and 7.3% of the total number of microparticles (13.7 +/- 3.0 x 10(3)/ml of whole blood), respectively. A similar distribution of cell types was seen for TF(+) microparticles (6.3 +/- 2.6 x 10(3)/ml of whole blood). No statistical difference was noted in microparticle distribution using either 19- or 21-gauge needles. Elevated levels of platelet- and erythrocyte-derived microparticles were detected in heparin and PPACK-anticoagulated samples as compared to samples anticoagulated with ACD or sodium citrate (P < 0.05, student's t-test). Additional centrifugation was critical for removing platelet contamination, which significantly affected microparticle counts. Finally, Annexin V(+) and TF(+) microparticles were significantly reduced upon sample storage at low temperatures. Microparticle levels are significantly affected by variations in sample preparation and storage. These results illustrate the need to standardize assay protocols in order to obtain consistent measurements. Our studies further optimize sample preparation for microparticle detection.
Insulin stimulated protein phosphorylation in human plasma liver membranes: detection of endogenous or plasma membrane associated substrates for insulin receptor kinase

Abstract The present work discloses a procedure for preparation of human liver plasma membranes containing catalytically competent insulin receptor kinase. In addition to insulin promoted phosphorylation of the β-subunit of insulin receptor kinase, insulin promoted phosphorylation of pp120 and two other new proteins was demonstrated. The new proteins with molecular weights of 50,000 and 120,000 do not bind to WGA, pp120 antibody or insulin receptor antibody, but bind to the antiphosphotyrosyl antibody. The identity and physiological significance of these putative substrates for insulin receptor kinase remains to be established.
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Mortality Among Latino Children Before and After a Multilevel Health Care Delivery Intervention

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Observational study of factors associated with pediatric intensive care unit mortality at a tertiary care metropolitan children's hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Participants were children younger than 18 years discharged from the pediatric intensive care unit during the 3-year preintervention period of 2007 to 2009 (n = 3891) and 3-year postintervention period of 2010 to 2012 (n = 4179). RESULTS Unadjusted mortality rates for white, African American, and Latino children in 2007 to 2009 were 3.3%, 3.3%, and 8.6%, respectively. After controlling for covariates, no differences in the odds of mortality were observed between white children and African American children (odds ratio (OR), 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6-1.7; P = .97), but Latino children had 3.7-fold (95% CI, 1.8-7.5; P < .001) higher odds of mortality. A multilevel and multidisciplinary intervention was launched to address these differences. In the postintervention period, unadjusted mortality rates for white, African American, and Latino children were 3.6%, 3.2%, and 4.0%, respectively, with no differences observed after adjustment for covariates (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.2-2.1; P = .49). The odds of mortality decreased between the preintervention period and postintervention period for Latino children (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.06-0.88; P = .03) but remained unchanged for white and African American children (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.73-1.43; P = .90). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Latino children had higher odds of mortality, even after controlling for age, sex, severity of illness, insurance status, and other covariates. These differences disappeared after culturally and linguistically sensitive interventions at multiple levels. Local multilevel interventions can reduce the effect of health care inequities on clinical
Presence of Leptin in Breast Cell Lines and Breast Tumors

Leptin is the product of the ob gene, reported to be secreted exclusively from adipocytes and thought to control satiety by providing information to the central nervous system. However, the function of leptin appears to be more complex because multiple studies demonstrate its role in hematopoiesis, reproduction, and immunity. In addition, several nonadipose sources of leptin have been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine several breast cancer cell lines and ductal carcinomas of the breast for expression of leptin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. For tumor studies, specimens were preassayed for contaminating adipose tissue. Northern blot analyses demonstrated leptin mRNA in several breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231), a normal breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A), and four breast tumors. Leptin protein was identified in T47D breast cancer cells by indirect immunofluorescent staining and in samples of the same breast tumors used for Northern studies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). This preliminary study suggests that leptin is expressed in malignant epithelial cells of the breast. Further investigation is needed to determine whether this protein plays a role in breast carcinogenesis.
Recognition memory and mechanisms of induction: comment on Wilburn and Feeney.

Although Sloutsky agrees with our interpretation of our data, he argues that the totality of the evidence supports his claim that children make inductive generalisations on the basis of similarity. Here we take issue with his characterisation of the alternative hypotheses in his informal analysis of the data, and suggest that a thorough Bayesian analysis, although practically very difficult, is likely to result in a more finely balanced outcome than he suggests.
Reinventing the Color Line Immigration and America's New Racial/Ethnic Divide

Contemporary nonwhite immigration from Latin America and Asia, increasing racial/ethnic intermarriage, and the growing number of multiracial individuals has made the black-white color line now seem anachronistic in America, consequently raising the question of whether today's color line is evolving in new directions toward either a white-nonwhite divide, a black-nonblack divide, or a new tri-racial hierarchy. In order to gauge the placement of today's color line, we examine patterns of multiracial identification, using both quantitative data on multiracial reporting in the 2000 U.S. Census and in-depth interview data from multiracial individuals with Asian, Latino or black backgrounds. These bodies of evidence suggest that the multiracial identifications of Asians and Latinos (behaviorally and self-perceptually) show much less social distance from whites than from blacks, signaling the likely emergence of a blacknonblack divide that continues to separate blacks from other groups, including new nonwhite immigrants. However, given that the construction of whiteness as a category has been fluid in the past and appears to be stretching yet again, it is also possible that the color line will change still further to even more fully incorporate Asians and Latinos as white, which would mean that the historical black-white divide could again re-emerge.
Use of folk healing practices by HIV-infected Hispanics living in the United States

In the absence of a medical cure for AIDS, HIV-infected individuals may seek alternative treatments that are consistent with cultural and social beliefs. This paper examines beliefs about, and use of, folk healing practices by HIV-infected Hispanics receiving care at an HIV/AIDS clinic in inner-city New Jersey. Anonymous individual interviews were conducted with 58 male and 18 female HIV-infected Hispanics aged 23-55, primarily of Puerto Rican origin (61%) or descent (29%). The majority of respondents believed in good and evil spirits (73.7%); among the 56 believers, 48% stated that the spirits had a causal role in their infection, either alone or in conjunction with the AIDS virus. Two thirds of the respondents engaged in folk healing (spiritualism and/or santeria). The main desired outcomes of folk healing included physical relief (44%), spiritual relief (40%), and protection from evil (26%). A number of respondents (n = 9) stated that they hoped to effect a cure by engaging in folk healing. These results indicate that health care professionals treating HIV-positive Hispanics should be aware of the prevalence of folk beliefs and alternative healing practices in this population.
On structuralism’s multiple paths through spacetime theories

This essay examines the underdetermination problem that plagues structuralist approaches to spacetime theories, with special emphasis placed on the epistemic brands of structuralism, whether of the scientific realist variety or not. Recent non-realist structuralist accounts, by Friedman and van Fraassen, have touted the fact that different structures can accommodate the same evidence as a virtue vis-a-vis their realist counterparts; but, as will be argued, these claims gain little traction against a properly constructed liberal version of epistemic structural realism. Overall, a broad construal of spacetime theories along epistemic structural realist lines will be defended which draws upon both Friedman’s earlier work and the convergence of approximate structure over theory change, but which also challenges various claims of the ontic structural realists.
External Flow Analysis of a Truck for Drag Reduction

Aerodynamics of trucks and other high sided vehicles is of significant interest in reducing road side accidents due to wind loading and in improving fuel economy. Recognizing the limitations of conventional wind tunnel testing, considerable efforts have been invested in the last decade to study vehicle aerodynamics computationally. In this paper, a three-dimensio nal near field flow analysis has been performed for axial and cross wind loading to understand the airflow characteristics surrounding a trucklike bluff body. Results provide associated drag for the truck geometry including the exterior rearview mirror. Modifying truck geometry can reduce drag, improving fuel economy.
Estimating Multiple Pathways of Object Growth Using Nonlongitudinal Image Data

This article presents an infinite Bayesian mixture of monotonic regression models for analyzing multiple growth pathways of star-shaped objects growing over time by using nonlongitudinal data. A motivating example is the analysis of nanocrystal growth processes. A radius function representation used for the outlines of star-shaped objects allows us to represent an object growth (i.e., expansion of outlines) by an increasing sequence of random radius functions. We propose a monotonic regression model to fit the increasing sequence to nonlongitudinal data ensuring that the fitted radius functions always monotonically increase in the sequence. To model the multiple pathways of object growth, we propose the Dirichlet infinite location mixture of multiple monotonic regression models and use a block Gibbs sampler as a numerical solver. We apply the proposed model to nonlongitudinal sets of microscopic image data for inferring multiple growth pathways of nanocrystals. Comparing the inference result with real nan...
Web Based Capacity Allocation Strategies for Customers with Heterogeneous Preferences

We study different mechanisms for the pricing and allocation of capacity to customers with heterogeneous and unknown preferences. The mechanisms we study include posting of prices, auctions, with and without the possibility of resale. We compare the performance of each mechanism with the optimal selling procedure in terms of expected seller's profit and efficiency. We also discuss the feasibility of web based implementation.
The effect of nucleation models on dynamic recrystallization II. Heterogeneous stored-energy distribution

Abstract An efficient Monte Carlo procedure is applied to the study of dynamic recrystallization in polycrystals. The approach is essentially the same as in part I of this series of papers and consists of representing the microstructure by a discrete two-dimensional lattice. The crystallographic orientation of each lattice element and its neighbours determines the position of grain boundaries and their energies. Hot deformation is modelled by adding recrystallization nuclei and stored energy continuously with time. Nucleation of recrystallization is modelled by introducing a three-site nucleus and is represented by two generic types of model: either random nucleation or preferential nucleation in regions of high stored energy. An energy-storage-rate schedule was used to model both work hardening and dynamic recovery of metals by way of a stage III work-hardening law. The novel approach taken in this paper was to model a non-uniform deformation substructure by using a mean cell size L and a mean distance R...
High Order Voronoi Sculpture

While techniques exist to compute three dimensional Voronoi diagrams and their higher-order and generalized cousins, visualizing Voronoi diagrams and their underlying distance functions remains challenging. In this paper we specifically consider visual representations that take the form of shapes or sculptures formed from three dimensional iso-surfaces.
Expertise, Experience, and Ideology on Specialized Courts: The Case of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

What roles do prior expertise and accumulated experience play in shaping ideologically consistent voting on a specialized court? Using a dataset of obviousness patent cases from the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit spanning 1997-2007, we show that prior expertise enhances the influence of ideology on judicial decisionmaking, but that accumulated experience does not. In addition, we build on previous work and show that ideology is a factor in decisionmaking in technical areas of law, contrary to the received wisdom on patent cases.
Transformation Optics and Electromagnetic Cloak of Invisibility

This chapter elaborates on the possibility and approach of using metamaterials to achieve the ultimate optical illusion – invisibility. Invisibility is a longtime dream that may date back to the very beginning of human civilization. The concept of being unseen and hence undetectable has appeared numerously in myths, legends, folklore and fiction as well as occurring in modern works such as movies, TV series and video games. For example, in the Greek mythology, the hero Perseus (son of Zeus) killed and beheaded Medusa (one of the Gorgons) when equipped with a helmet of invisibility. Also during the ancient Greek period, Plato described in his great work The Republic the ring of Gyges which could allow its owner to be invisible at will. This is one of the literary sources of many popular and similar subsequent stories, including the well-known book series and movie trilogy The Lord of the Rings.
Challenges and Current Efforts in the Development of Biomarkers for Chronic Inflammatory and Remodeling Conditions of the Lungs

This review discusses biomarkers that are being researched for their usefulness to phenotype chronic inflammatory lung diseases that cause remodeling of the lung’s architecture. The review focuses on asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary hypertension. Biomarkers of environmental exposure and specific classes of biomarkers (noncoding RNA, metabolism, vitamin, coagulation, and microbiome related) are also discussed. Examples of biomarkers that are in clinical use, biomarkers that are under development, and biomarkers that are still in the research phase are discussed. We chose to present examples of the research in biomarker development by diseases, because asthma, COPD, and pulmonary hypertension are distinct entities, although they clearly share processes of inflammation and remodeling.
Induction of the coumarins scopoletin and ayapin in sunflower by insect-feeding stress and effects of coumarins on the feeding of sunflower beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae)

The response of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) to feeding damage by insects and to mechanical damage was studied in the leaves of the plant. One class of chemicals found to accumulate after stress, the coumarins, was quantified by analysis with HPLC. Sunflowers were damaged by sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.), flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), or by mechanical puncture. Scopoletin concentrations were 252 μ g/g fresh weight at 22 d and ayapin concentrations were 165 μ g/g at 25 d, in beetle-damaged sunflowers. The scopoletin concentration was three times higher and the ayapin concentration five times higher than that in control sunflowers ( P < 0.05). Thrips induced significantly higher scopoletin concentrations at 11 d and higher ayapin concentrations at 16 d after feeding began ( P < 0.05). Mechanical damage induced significantly higher scopoletin concentrations 11 d after the damage was inflicted. The initial type of induced response in sunflower was of the “halo type”; that is, highest in successive concentric circles approaching the wound site. A 3-mm puncture induced coumarins within a diameter of at least 1 cm at 1 wk. A systemic response may have begun after the first week. To study the effects of coumarin on host acceptability to the sunflower beetle, coumarins were applied to unstimulated sunflower leaf disks. Beetles chose between treated or control disks in a closed arena. The control disks were preferred over treated disks when 20 μ g/ml of scopoletin or coumarin and 100 μ g/ml of ayapin or scopoletin were sprayed onto leaves. The coumarins are apparently induced by insect feeding and slowly increase in sunflower tissue. Induced coumarins may subsequently deter additional feeding of sunflower beetles.
The spiny rat louse, Polyplax spinulosa, as a parasite of the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, in North America.

The spiny rat louse, Polyplax spinulosa, was collected, as adults and embryonated ova from the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, a cricetid rodent, in Da- vidson Co., Tennessee. This sucking louse is typically parasitic on domestic rats, which are murid rodents. Because most sucking lice are normally host specific, such cross-familial host infestation is noteworthy. ABSTRACT: The spiny rat louse, Polyplax spinulosa, was collected, as adults and embryonated ova from the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, a cricetid rodent, in Da- vidson Co., Tennessee. This sucking louse is typically parasitic on domestic rats, which are murid rodents. Because most sucking lice are normally host specific, such cross-familial host infestation is noteworthy.
Performance evaluation of seawater antiscale

This article tightly combined the produce of Bohai oil field and aimed at the subject of sulphate scale result from the completion fluids confected by seawater. Four kinds of antiscale such as (FG-1), FG-2, FG-3 and FG-4 were investigated using the deposition weight method.Their stabilities,inhibiting scale efficiency,anticorrosion function and compatibility along with else treating agent were particularly studied.At the condition of 150℃ and 16 h, screen out the compound of FG-1,FG-3 and aminosulfonic acid have the best inhibiting scale rate.When their respective dosages are 0.012%,0.008% and 0.18%, the inhibiting scale rate can reach 91.85%. Besides in the compatibility operations the inhibiting scale rate can also reach 88.89%.
A Case of a Giant Borderline Phyllodes Tumor Early in Pregnancy Treated with Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction

Breast tumors in pregnancy are often times diagnosed at advanced stages secondary to difficulty distinguishing between pathologic from normal physiologic changes. Often benign, phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial stromal tumors of the breast, most commonly diagnosed in the 4th and 5th decades of life. However, these tumors may be characterized by malignancy with metastases in 10% of cases. In this paper, we report a novel case of a young woman presenting at 8 weeks gestation with a large borderline phyllodes tumor. An exceedingly rare condition, with only nine previously reported cases, phyllodes tumors in pregnancy frequently display more aggressive characteristics with larger median tumor size, more malignant potential, and more rapid growth rate. Here, we describe our experience safely and effectively treating this rare condition in a young gravid women with mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction in the second trimester.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Related Protein-1 Role in the Regulation of Vascular Integrity

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor that is widely expressed. In the liver, LRP1 plays an important role in regulating the plasma levels of blood coagulation factor VIII (fVIII) by mediating its uptake and subsequent degradation. fVIII is a key plasma protein that is deficient in hemophilia A and circulates in complex with von Willebrand factor. Because von Willebrand factor blocks binding of fVIII to LRP1, questions remain on the molecular mechanisms by which LRP1 removes fVIII from the circulation. LRP1 also regulates cell surface levels of tissue factor, a component of the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway. This occurs when tissue factor pathway inhibitor bridges the fVII/tissue factor complex to LRP1, resulting in rapid LRP1-mediated internalization and downregulation of coagulant activity. In the vasculature LRP1 also plays protective role from the development of aneurysms. Mice in which the lrp1 gene is selectively deleted in vascular smooth muscle cells develop a phenotype similar to the progression of aneurysm formation in human patient, revealing that these mice are ideal for investigating molecular mechanisms associated with aneurysm formation. Studies suggest that LRP1 protects against elastin fiber fragmentation by reducing excess protease activity in the vessel wall. These proteases include high-temperature requirement factor A1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and membrane associated type 1-matrix metalloproteinase. In addition, LRP1 regulates matrix deposition, in part, by modulating levels of connective tissue growth factor. Defining pathways modulated by LRP1 that lead to aneurysm formation and defining its role in thrombosis may allow for more effective intervention in patients.
Natural Killer T-Cell Lymphoma of the Orbit: An Evidence-Based Approach.

ABSTRACTNatural killer T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare and aggressive condition with a high mortality rate. It is most commonly seen in the nasal sinuses, generally affecting the orbit by direct extension. Primary orbital NKTCL is even more rare, with only a few published cases with occasional secondary nasal involvement. This malignancy can present as a “masquerade syndrome,” delaying proper diagnosis and treatment. Biopsy is required for diagnosis, which shows specific histopathological characteristics. Radiation and chemotherapy are the mainstay of treatment. Newer chemotherapies show improved prognosis.
Joint moment-angle properties of the hip abductors and hip extensors

ABSTRACTPurpose: Strengthening of hip joint musculature is common in the rehabilitation of the lower extremity. However, strength curves for hip abduction and extension have not been assessed when varying the position of the knee. The force-length properties of the biarticular muscles can be affected when altering the position of the knee during the production of hip moments. Methods: Maximum isometric joint moments were measured at four different angles of hip abduction and hip extension, at the two knee positions (0° and 90°). Results: The hip abduction and extension moments decreased as the hip moved from an adducted position and flexed position to an abducted position and extended position, respectively, resulting in a descending joint moment angle curve for each. Conclusion: The results indicate that position of the knee does not significantly change the normalized peak hip abduction joint moment, but the position of the knee does significantly change the normalized peak hip extension joint moment. T...
Nasal septal and mucosal disease associated with pyoderma gangrenosum in a cocaine user.

The manifestations of habitual cocaine use can mimic tumors, infections, and immunologic diseases and can affect multiple organs, causing nasal septal perforation, cutaneous vasculitis, vasculopathic skin necrosis, pyoderma gangrenosum (PG),1 and lung disease.2 Levamisole is a veterinary antiparasitic drug often added to cocaine in the United States to cheaply enhance or extend cocaine's euphoric effects. It is present in about 70% of seized cocaine in the United States, and it is believed to play a direct role in induction of vasculopathy, vasculitis, and PG.1 Early distinction of these disorders can be challenging. Here we present a case of cocaine abuse disorder manifesting as cutaneous and nasal mucosal PG, perforated nasal septum, and pneumonitis.
Retrieval from Uncertain Data Bases

We investigate tools that can enrich the process of querying databases. We show how to include soft conditions with the use of fuzzy sets. We describe some techniques for aggregating the satisfactions of the individual conditions based on the inclusion of importance and the use of the OWA operator. We discuss a method for aggregating the individual satisfactions that can model a lexicographic relation between the individual requirements. We look at querying databases in which the information in the database can have some probabilistic uncertainty.
Energy efficient routing protocols and efficient bandwidth techniques in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks - a survey

The underwater wireless remote sensors convey messages in a range, where there is no possible human intervention. It is difficult to replace the battery in order to sustain energy in an acoustic environment. Moreover, considering the environment, solar energy cannot be used to recharge for batteries. These sensors are required to be awake for an extended period, taking in consideration that they have constrained energy limitations. One of the difficulties in submerged remote sensor systems is the uneven utilization of the energy resources. This will eventually result in lessening the lifetime of the sensors in the underwater networks. When compared to regular wireless sensor networks, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) have a harsher surrounding, which could be translated into high energy constraints, low bandwidth, decreased throughput, and propagation delay. In multi-hop communication, the distance between the anchor node and the normal node is more considerable; which leads to more consumption of energy. On the other hand, since the distance is longer, it results into signal attenuation, ending into frequency power loss. The speed of the sound in deep ocean should be considered as the depth of the ocean increases. The variation of the speed of the sound results into this specific loss. A typical power spectral density occurs when the combined attenuation and noise are combined. Resulting into a decline of 18 dB within the duration of ten years. Among the layers of acoustic sensor network physical UWSN conventions are outlined in a manner that the energy utilization is compensated. While packets are being forwarded, the energy consumption must be less or balanced, else energy holes are created. In such cases, the energy efficiency, lifetime, and throughput are expanded. In this paper, we are summarizing most of the current energy based routing protocols. The provided information could be useful to analyze and design protocols for wireless underwater sensor networks by reducing energy consumption.