cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood culture results do not affect treatment in complicated cellulitis.

Abstract Background Cellulitis, a frequently encountered complaint in the Emergency Department, is typically managed with antibiotics. There is some debate as to whether obtaining blood cultures and knowing their results would change the management of cellulitis, although most authors argue that information from blood cultures does not change the empirical management of uncomplicated cellulitis. However, for complicated cellulitis (as defined by the presence of significant comorbidity), there is considerable disagreement and lack of evidence as to the utility of blood cultures. Objective Our aim was to determine the role of blood cultures in the management of complicated cellulitis. Methods This retrospective chart review assessed the utility of obtaining blood cultures in complicated cellulitis (as defined by active chemotherapy, dialysis, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, diabetes, or organ transplantation) vs. a cohort of individuals without medical comorbidity. Results Six hundred and thirty-nine patients were identified, 314 of which were deemed cases and 325 controls. Within the cases, 29 of 314 returned as positive blood cultures vs. 17 of 325 positive blood culture controls within the cases ( p = 0.05; odds ratio = 1.84; 95% confidence interval 0.99–3.43). A clinically significant change in management (a change in the class of antibiotic) was found in 6 of 314 cases vs. 4 of 325 controls ( p = 0.578; odds ratio=1.5525; 95% confidence interval 0.434–5.5541). Conclusions Within this cohort of patients with complicated cellulitis, blood cultures rarely changed management from empirical coverage.
Analysis of MIMO Channel Capacity Dependence on Antenna Geometry and Environmental Parameters

We evaluate the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel capacity dependence on angular spread, antenna element separation, and angle of arrival. The empirically derived spatial channel model (SCM) is selected for the simulations and an uncoupled ideal dipole uniform linear array is considered. We show that for a small angular spread (8deg), the angle of arrival (AoA) will increase the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a high ergodic capacity by more than 4 dB as it moves away from the array broadside. For the case of a large angular spread (68deg), the AoA has a minimal impact on the ergodic capacity. Insight into the capacity behavior is explained in terms of the minimum channel eigenvalue and the path correlation. We also found that as the channel outage capacity threshold decreases, the impact of the system parameters is reduced.
Infrared Spectra of Thiophene Adsorbed on H-Montmorillonite

Thiophene (C4H4S) is among the most important five membered unsaturated heterocyclic compounds along with furan and pyrrole. Thiophenes are usually found in coal tar and petroleum. They are also present in small amounts as impurities in benzene. Because of its poisoning effect to catalysts, the adsorption of thiophene has been studied extensively on various metal, metal sulfide, and metal oxide catalysts.Many different adsorption mechanisms and adsorbed species have been proposed for thiophene on the basis of such studies. The nature of adsorbed species of thiophene appears to be complicated and depends on the nature of the investigated solid, the applied surface treatment, and the conditions under which the adsorption occurs. Little research has been conducted to investigate the adsorption of thiophene on clay minerals. Clay such as montmorillonites can be used as cheap catalysts or adsorbers of impurities. Hidalgo et al. found only physisorption of thiophene on Mg- and Ca-montmorillonites on the basis of their infrared data. Cloos et al. proposed that pi-complex formation occurs between thiophene molecules and Cu-ions when Cu-montmorillonite was treated with thiophene at higher temperatures. This note presents the results of infrared spectra-structure investigation for thiophene adsorbed on H-montmorillonite at room temperature and at higher temperatures where polymerization apparently occurs.
Sensual sexuality education with young parenting women

Comprehensive sexuality education curricula that incorporate sex positive and integrated approaches go beyond a presentation of facts and strategies for prevention to emphasize the promotion of sexual subjectivity and wellbeing. A pilot sensual sexuality education program was planned, implemented and informally evaluated with young parenting women at an alternative General Educational Development test preparation center. The program prioritized a sex positive framework, including topics such as pleasure, desire and sexual entitlement, and invited participants to explore sexuality through a multisensory orientation. Participants took part in small group discussions and activities that engaged their senses through arts-based methods. Grounded in holism, program topics were integrated with a focus on participants’ everyday experiences. The pilot curriculum serves as a promising program for re-positioning youngparentingwomenassexualsubjects,which is key to the promotion of health and wellbeing.
Physician attitudes toward structured self‐directed learning

This study examined physician attitudes toward structured self-directed learning. Questionnaire items, based on Malcolm Knowles' concept of the self-directed learner, were developed and utilized for the study Responses to the survey were tabulated to provide a score indicating whether the respondent held a favorable, neutral or unfavorable attitude toward structured self-directed learning, and the scores were compared with the variables of age and hours spent in structured self-directed learning activities. The physician data indicated a predominantly neutral or indifferent attitude toward structured self-directed learning. No spastically significant relationship was found between attitude and the age of the respondent. However, physicians having more favorable attitudes toward structured self-directed learning spent more hour per month engaged in such learning activities than did physicians with less favorable attitudes.
Enhancing diversity for a genetic algorithm learning environment for classification tasks

The paper describes an inductive learning environment called DELVAUX for classification tasks that learns PROSPECTOR-style, Bayesian rules from sets of examples. A genetic algorithm approach is used for learning Bayesian rule-sets, in which a population consists of sets of rule-sets that generate offspring through the exchange of rules, permitting fitter rule-sets to produce offspring with a higher probability. To deal with the premature convergence problem, fuzzy similarity measures for Bayesian rule-sets are introduced and the genetic algorithm approach is modified, so that similar rule-sets produce offspring with a lower probability, relying on a sharing function approach. Empirical results are presented that evaluate the benefits of the sharing function approach in our learning environment. >
The Hartford Consensus to improve survivability in mass casualty events: Process to policy.

Objective: The Joint Committee to Create a National Policy to Enhance Survivability from Mass Casualty Shooting Events was formed to make recommendations to improve survival from intentional mass casualty incidents. This article describes the development of the Hartford Consensus and the process used to disseminate and implement its findings. Main outcome: Members of the Committee included individuals from select public safety organizations. The first meeting of the Committee was held on April 2, 2013, and a second meeting was held on July 11, 2013. Attendance at the second meeting was enlarged and included representatives from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the National Security Staff of the Office of the President. The results of these meetings became known as the Hartford Consensus. Results: The ideas generated at the meetings produced two documents, one from each meeting. These are referred to as Hartford Consensus I and II. Hartford Consensus I is a concept document and Hartford Consensus II is a call to action that no one should die from uncontrolled bleeding. The recommendations are being incorporated into training programs and have been endorsed by many organizations whose members are involved in the response to mass casualty incidents. Conclusion: The Joint Committee to Create a National Policy to Enhance Survivability from Mass Casualty Shooting Events was successful in stimulating policy to bring about change. Training and resources including tourniquets and hemostatic dressing are being directed to help ameliorate the unfortunate reality of intentional mass injury.
Private Sector Capital Strategies for Public Service Infrastructure

Global public service infrastructure faces the competing demands of age, capacity and economic headwinds. The aging infrastructure of Western economies needs upgrading – just as challenging economic conditions bring government spending and deficit measures to a head. And the inadequate infrastructure of emerging markets is in desperate need of expansion, putting a strain on available resources. For many strategic buyers and financial sponsors, the shortage of not only capital, but also capabilities and talent, makes public service infrastructure, and its entire supply chain, an interesting business opportunity that spans a wide spectrum of industry verticals. These represent significant growth markets with an attractive risk profile. Ultimately, participation in these plays might be as vendors, investors, business partners, or in the form of an M&A transaction. The fundamentals can be compelling for those who can bring to the table, the requisite capital, capabilities, or talent. This working paper addresses the key design elements of financial strategy & policy for public service infrastructure, including: sizing the need, types and sources of capital, capital structure, ownership structure, and operating model.
Las Damas de la Havana, el Precursor, and Francisco de Saavedra: A Note on Spanish Participation in the Battle of Yorktown

As the American Revolution matured, foreign intervention on behalf of the Thirteen Colonies against Great Britain became increasingly important. Nowhere in that struggle was outside assistance more significant than at the seige of Yorktown during the autumn of 1781. It was here that a French army under the Count de Rochambeau and a French fleet under the Count de Grasse enabled George Washington to force the surrender of Lord Cornwallis. Historians have always recognized how crucial French participation was for this last important battle in the English colonies. Indeed, it would not have taken place without their aid. Yet there was another ally of the Continental army at Yorktown whose contribution has often been belittled or ignored. That ally was Spain.
Diastatic serosal lacerations: an unrecognized complication of colonoscopy.

A 5-year-old child underwent laparotomy and transabdominal polypectomy immediately after the performance of colonoscopy under general anesthesia. At surgery, serosal tears and lacerations were found in a loop of the sigmoid colon. No mucosal changes in relation to these serosal abnormalities were appreciated during the colonoscopic examination. The frequency of this complication cannot be evaluated. One does not know whether the complication was specifically related to the age of the patient, the nature of the instrument, or the use of general anesthesia.
Measuring learning performance and cognitive activity during multimodal comprehension

This study is focusing on learning performance and cognitive activity during text comprehension and multimedia comprehension. We use Electroencephalography (EEG Alpha, Beta, and Theta bands) to monitor cognitive load and emotions during each presentation, and computational modeling of comprehension to measure learning performance. We collected the data set for our experiment through a human study. We have applied this study on sixteen participants, in which their EEG activity and learning progress were recorded during text and multimedia comprehension. The results showed measurable differences in Alpha and Beta bands power between text and multimedia presentations. Furthermore, measurements of experienced emotions revealed that multimedia presentation induced positive emotions in a higher magnitude than text as expected. Simultaneously, text presentation created higher cognitive load than multimedia.
Immunology of pyelonephritis. III. Effect of colloidal carbon.

Abstract We induced macrophage suppression with colloidal carbon in monkeys to evaluate the role of the macrophage in bacterial pyelonephritis. The disease was more severe, with prolonged bacteriuria and renal abscess formation, but no more severe scarring than usual. This appeared to be due to the suppression of phagocytosis that occurred, since though the humoral response was delayed it did occur, and the usual response in regional lymph nodes was found.
Sertoli-Leydig cell testicular tumor: case report and review of sex cord/gonadal stromal tumor histogenesis.

AbstractWe describe a case of well differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a testicle. Previously, this tumor has only been illustrated histologically. The existence of a male homologue to the female arrhenoblastoma containing Sertoli and Leydig cells again supports the current hypothesis of gonadal development, and the common steps found in the male and female pathways.
The dehydroepiandrosterone loading test

The dehydroepiandrosterone loading test (DLT) has been used in a small population of normal and high-risk obstetric patients, to date, in an attempt to develop a dynamic test of placental function. In spite of its limited applications, it has shown reliability in discriminating, with statistical significance, between high-risk pregnancies that result in normally grown, undistressed infants, and high-risk pregnancies that result in infants showing signs of placental insufficiency. The present report expands the study population by presenting our data on 40 loading tests performed in 37 high-risk and normal obstetric patients. Results of 19 of these DLT's have been previously reported and are included herein for statistical analysis. The DLT utilizes an excess substrate load of dehydroepiandrosterone to assess the maximum capability of the placenta to convert it to estrogen. Although our previous report did not show false positive or negative results in the conversion rates, the present results (40 DLT's) found two (2 out of 17) false positives (12%) and two (2 out of 19) false negatives (11%). The highly significant correlation between DLT result and pregnancy outcome seen previously 2 was preserved. In addition, the data of another five DLT's in four patients are presented. This group includes a pregnancy with a fetus with multiple congenital malformations, two patients with intrauterine fetal death, and a nonpregnant woman. The results are not included in the statistical analysis, but discussion of these results has interesting pathophysiologic implications.
Compliance: Problems and Opportunities

Many studies have demonstrated the problems patients have with medications. In these studies, the elderly and patients utilizing psychiatric medications are often cited as having the greatest noncompliance. This article reviews the extent of noncompliance in this population and the effect of noncompliance on disease management. Factors related to the health care provider, the patient, and the type of therapy that lead to noncompliance are reviewed. Opportunities and intervention techniques are provided to improve patient outcomes.
Three-dimensional conformal planning using low-segment multi-criteria optimization for hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiotherapy

Hippocampus avoidance whole brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) has been shown to reduce the risk of neurocognitive dysfunction. This type of treatment has the potential of insurance company payment denial due to increased cost of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), while the accepted modality for WBRT is three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). The purpose of this study is to assess 3DCRT HA-WBRT treatment plans using multi-criteria optimization (MCO) to meet RTOG 0933 criteria. Ten patients with brain metastases were selected, and HA-WBRT treatment plans with MCO 3DCRT technique (MCO-3D) were generated. MCO-3D plans were compared with plans using MCO IMRT techniques (MCO-IMRT). Evaluation parameters included D 98 % and D 2 % of PTV, dose homogeneity index, and D max and D 100 % of the hippocampi. For MCO-IMRT plans, PTV D 2 % and hippocampi D max and D 100 % met RTOG 0933 objectives in all ten patients (PTV D 2 % < 37.5Gy; hippocampi D max < 16Gy and D 100 % < 9 Gy). One patient met the RTOG 0933 PTV D 98 % objective (PTV D 98 % > 25Gy) and 9/10 patients met acceptable variation (PTV D 98 % < 25 Gy). For MCO-3D plans, PTV D 2 % met RTOG033 objective for all patients: 1/10 patients for PTV D 98 %, 6/10 patients for hippocampi D max, and 7/10 patients for hippocampi D 100 % met RTOG 0933 objective. All the other patients met the RTOG 0933 acceptable variation requirement (PTV D 98 % < 25 Gy; Hippocampi D max < 17Gy and D 100 % < 10 Gy). All dosimetric parameters of MCO-3D plans met the criteria of at least acceptable variation per RTOG 0933. The statistic comparison results showed that there were some minor statistical differences between MCO-IMRT and MCO-3D; however, the biological difference was not of clinical importance. This may be helpful in cases where there is denial of patient’s medical insurance coverage due to the use of IMRT for HA-WBRT.
Acute effects of methylphenidate on impulsivity and attentional behavior among adolescents comorbid for ADHD and conduct disorder.

Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) experience deficits in neuropsychological measures of attention, inhibition, and reward processes. Methylphenidate treatment for ADHD and CD has acute effects on these processes. Some of these same aspects of performance are separately described in the Behavioral Model of Impulsivity, which uses a modified approach to measurement. This study characterized the acute effects of methylphenidate attention, initiation, inhibition, and reward processes described in this model of impulsivity. Thirty-one adolescents from the United States of America with comorbid ADHD and CD completed measures of impulsivity (response initiation, response inhibition, and consequence) and attention following placebo, 20 mg, and 40 mg of a long-acting dose of methylphenidate. Methylphenidate effects on attentional performance was more robust than on any of the measures of impulsivity. Adolescent performance from this behavioral perspective is interpreted in the context of divergence from previous neuropsychological tests of acute methylphenidate effects.
Leadership Perspectives of Stigma-Related Barriers to Mental Health Care in the Military

ABSTRACTThe authors explored military officers’ beliefs about stigma-related barriers to seeking mental health treatment. Participants (N = 190) included officers from the 4 major branches of service between the ranks of O-3 and O-6. Paired-sample t tests showed participants’ own beliefs about stigma-related barriers to mental health were more negative than their perceptions of peers’ beliefs. Scaled scores on personal beliefs about stigma-related barriers to seeking treatment were associated with willingness to seek help, while perceptions of peers’ beliefs were not. Implications on help seeking and stigma related to mental health are explored, as well as limitations and steps for future research.
Scaling behavior of moisture-induced grain degradation in polycrystalline hybrid perovskite thin films

The stability of perovskite solar cells has shown a huge variation with respect to the film process and film morphology, while the underlining mechanism for the morphology-dependent degradation of the perovskite film has remained elusive. Herein, we report a scaling behavior of moisture-induced grain degradation in polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 films. The degradation rates of CH3NH3PbI3 films in moisture were shown to be sensitive to the grain sizes. The duration that was needed for different films to degrade by the same percent showed a linear relationship with the grain size, despite the fact that the films were formed by five different deposition methods. This scaling behavior can be explained by the degradation along the in-plane direction, which is initiated at the grain boundary (GB). The GBs of CH3NH3PbI3 films consist of an amorphous intergranular layer, which allows quick diffusion of moisture into the perovskite films. It was found that thermal annealing induced surface self-passivation plays a critical role in stabilizing the surfaces of thin films and single crystals by reducing the moisture-sensitive methylammonium ions at the surface. The determination of the scaling behavior of grain degradation highlights the importance of stabilizing the GBs to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells.
Phylogenetic Heatmaps Highlight Composition Biases in Sequenced Reads

Due to advancements in sequencing technology, sequence data production is no longer a constraint in the field of microbiology and has made it possible to study uncultured microbes or whole environments using metagenomics. However, these new technologies introduce different biases in metagenomic sequencing, affecting the nucleotide distribution of resulting sequence reads. Here, we illustrate such biases using two methods. One is based on phylogenetic heatmaps (PGHMs), a novel approach for compact visualization of sequence composition differences between two groups of sequences containing the same phylogenetic groups. This method is well suited for finding noise and biases when comparing metagenomics samples. We apply PGHMs to detect noise and bias in the data produced with different DNA extraction protocols, different sequencing platforms and different experimental frameworks. In parallel, we use principal component analysis displaying different clustering of sequences from each sample to support our findings and illustrate the utility of PGHMs. We considered contributions of the read length and GC-content variation and observed that in most cases biases were generally due to the GC-content of the reads.
Effect of Transplanting on Shoot Water Potential of Bareroot Washington Hawthorn and Norway Maple Trees

Abstract Two-year-old Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum Med.) trees were cold-stored for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks and stem water potentials were measured prior to and five days after transplanting. In a second experiment, a wax coating was applied to hawthorn trees at transplanting and shoot water potential was measured at two-day intervals for twelve days after transplanting; percent bud break was measured eight weeks after transplanting. In a third experiment, maple and hawthorn trees were stored for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks with the following tree covering treatments: whole plant covered, shoots exposed, roots exposed, and whole plant exposed, and root hydraulic conductivity was measured for each storage duration. For each storage duration, maple stem water potentials after transplanting were the same as or higher than the pre-transplant potential value; hawthorn water potentials after transplanting were generally lower than pre-transplant values....
Kappa Opioid Receptors Mediate Heterosynaptic Suppression of Hippocampal Inputs in the Rat Ventral Striatum

Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) are highly enriched within the ventral striatum (VS) and are thought to modulate striatal neurotransmission. This includes presynaptic inhibition of local glutamatergic release from excitatory inputs to the VS. However, it is not known which inputs drive this modulation and what impact they have on the local circuit dynamics within the VS. Individual medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the VS serve as a site of convergence for glutamatergic inputs arising from the PFC and limbic regions, such as the hippocampus (HP). Recent data suggest that competition can arise between these inputs with robust cortical activation leading to a reduction in ongoing HP-evoked MSN responses. Here, we investigated the contribution of KOR signaling in PFC-driven heterosynaptic suppression of HP inputs onto MSNs using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in slices from adult rats. Optogenetically evoked HP EPSPs were greatly attenuated after a short latency (50 ms) following burst-like PFC electrical stimulation, and the magnitude of this suppression was partially reversed following blockade of GABAARs (GABA Type A receptors), but not GABABRs (GABA Type B receptors). A similar reduction in suppression was observed in the presence of the KOR antagonist, norBNI. Combined blockade of local GABAARs and KORs resulted in complete blockade of PFC-induced heterosynaptic suppression of less salient HP inputs. These findings highlight a mechanism by which strong, transient PFC activity can take precedence over other excitatory inputs to the VS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Emerging evidence suggests that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) activation can selectively modulate striatal glutamatergic inputs onto medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In this study, we found that robust cortical stimulation leads to a reduction in ongoing hippocampal-evoked MSNs responses through the combined recruitment of local inhibitory mechanisms and activation of presynaptic KORs in the ventral striatum (VS). These processes are likely to facilitate the efficient transfer of cortical information through the VS during critical decision making by dampening competing information from less salient excitatory inputs. These data provide a novel mechanism through which VS information processing could influence decision making, a function thought to occur primarily in the PFC.
The trilayer approach of teaching physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology concepts in a first-year pharmacy course: the TLAT model.

This paper describes the development, implementation, and students’ perceptions of a new trilayer approach of teaching (TLAT). The TLAT model involved blending lecture, in-class group activities, a...
Pain as a Risk Factor for Loneliness Among Older Adults.

Objective: The objective of this is to examine whether pain is associated with the onset of loneliness in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: We used data from the 2008 and 2012 H...
Ready-to-use single-strip paper based sensor for multiplex ion detection

Abstract Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are an efficient and versatile tool for ion detection. However, portability and applicability for field applications are often limited by the need of a conditioning step, and high cost of the needed bulky reference electrode. Herein, the traditional conditioning protocol of ISEs has been eliminated and a paper-based solid-contact ISE (PBSC-ISE) has been integrated with a paper-based solid-contact reference electrode (PBSC-RE) in a single strip format for on-site analysis. The PBSC-RE is based on the copolymer methyl methacrylate-co-decyl methacrylate (MMA-DMA) (support matrix), combined with ionic liquids (ILs) to create and maintain a stable potential that is un-affected by a change in ionic activity. This single-strip ready-to-use sensor yields a Nernstian response towards Na +, K + , and I − ions with submicromolar limits of detection, and is able to be used for multiplex analysis.
Exploring the relationship between planning and procurement in western U.S. electric utilities

Integrated resource planning is an important regulatory process used in many U.S. states to formulate and evaluate least-cost and risk-assessed portfolios to meet future load requirements for electric utilities. In principle, effective implementation of integrated resource planning seeks to assure regulators and the public that utility investment decisions, given uncertainty, are as cost-effective as possible. However, there is no empirical assessment on the effectiveness of integrated resource planning and its implementation. This paper compares planning outcomes and actual decisions for twelve utilities across the Western U. S. from 2003 to 2014. The authors find that subsequent plans differ significantly due to changes in the planning environment, which limited amount of information produced during planning is ultimately used during the procurement process, and that the latter process relies extensively on the most recent information available for decision making. These findings suggest that states' integrated resource planning rules and regulations mandating long-term planning horizons with the same analytical complexity throughout the planning period may not create useful information for the procurement process. The social value of a long-term planning process that departs from procurement and the balance between transparency and complexity of the planning and procurement processes is an open question.
Abstract 11869: Identification of Human Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 as a Novel Target Gene Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Delta in Hepatic Cells and in Liver Tissue

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) is a transcription factor regulating many important genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Hepatic lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) plays critical functions in TG secretion and ER stress response due to its unique ability to catalyze the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids. Previous studies identified liver X receptor as the transcription factor controlling LPCAT3 expression in liver tissue. Here we showed for the first time that the hepatic LPCAT3 gene is transcriptionally regulated by PPARD in vitro and in vivo . Treatments of HepG2, Huh-7, and Hepa 1-6 cells with PPARD specific agonists (L-165041 and GW0742) increased LPCAT3 mRNA levels 2-3 fold of control. Adenovirus-mediated knockdown of PPARD in HepG2 cells reduced the basal level of LPCAT3 mRNA by approximately 40% compared to control and further attenuated the induction of PPARD agonist on LPCAT3 gene expression. To demonstrate the direct regulation of PPARD on LPCAT3 gene transcription, we analyzed human LPCAT3 promoter sequence and identified two putative PPAR responsive elements (PPRE-1, -171; PPRE-2, -727) within 1 kb of the proximal LPCAT3 promoter. LPCAT3 promoter assays demonstrated strong inductions of the reporter activity by PPARD agonists. Mutational analysis of the human LPCAT3 promoter revealed that the PPRE-1 is involved in conferring responsiveness to PPARD agonist mediated transcriptional activity. Direct binding of PPARD to PPRE-1 sequence was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel retardation assays. Finally, we provided in vivo evidence showing that activation of PPARD by L-165041 in mice increased LPCAT3 mRNA abundance in the liver. Altogether, these new findings identify LPCAT3 as a direct PPARD target gene and suggest a novel function of PPARD in regulation of phospholipid metabolism through LPCAT3.
Psychodynamic Perspectives in the Clinical Approach to Brain Disease in the Elderly

Psychodynamic considerations in the clinical approach to brain disease in the elderly have been poorly understood and significantly overlooked, although many opportunities for clinical intervention are based upon psychodynamic factors in these disorders. Psychodynamics has been defined as the “science of mental forces and motivations that influence human behaviour and mental activity. The role of unconscious motivation in the causation of human behaviour is emphasized” (Gelfand, 1980, p. 3350). With a brain-diseased older patient, psychodynamic concerns relate to the interaction with significant others, the manifestation of symptoms and the response to treatment.
Alloys and Dispersions

This chapter discuses alloys and dispersions. Ion size limits both potential elements and, in practice, extent of solubility. Bcc iron at high enough temperatures transforms to fee structure and the gaps in this can take up carbon interstitially, the solution being termed austenite. It can take 0.8% weight just about 723°C, a temperature to which the carbon lowers the transformation point. Below 723°C, the iron transforms to the bcc form and if the solution is cooled slowly, so that iron and carbon ions can assume equilibrium positions, this bcc form with its smaller gaps rejects all but at most 0.02% carbon, the rejected carbon combining chemically with iron as Fe 3 C (cementite). The chapter further focuses on bond factor, chemical equilibrium, and physical conditions of alloys. Grains of one phase may have various sizes and shapes; those of coexisting phases may mingle in many ways, and all variations may usually exist in virtual equilibrium at normal temperature because in practice those differ little in energy. Those can confer on the alloy different strength, ductility, and other properties. Therefore in practical use of alloys, attention must be paid not only to their chemical composition and crystal structure but also to their physical condition.
LRR-ning the Rules: Synapse Organization in the Primary Rod Pathway.

In this issue of Neuron, Sinha et al. (2020) demonstrate that synaptic organization at rod bipolar cell terminals is regulated by a leucine-rich repeat protein, LRRTM4. LRRTM4 is expressed specifically by rod bipolar cells; eliminating it in mouse retina perturbs the organization of synaptic ribbons and impairs the function of inhibitory synapses.
Chapter 6 – Lignin

Publisher Summary Lignin, as a natural polymer, exists in all terrestrial plants, although some aquatic organisms may contain lignin or “lignin-like” components. Lignin molecules, starting with dimerization of two monolignol radicals, grow via cross coupling between a monolignol radical and the previously formed dimeric or oligomeric lignol radicals. Lignins are plant polymers made from phenylpropanoid building units. They contain most of the wood methoxyl content. Lignins are resistant to acid hydrolysis, readily oxidized, soluble in hot alkaline and bisulfite, and readily condensed with phenols or thiols. Many attempts have been made to define lignin or lignins based on the constitution, structural features, and mechanism of formation. The problem of lack of precise definition for lignin is associated with its nature: no regularly repeating multi-unit structures have been found, and compositions and structures of lignin vary depending on their origins. Any simplified definition would risk excluding aspects of lignin. Lignins in grass plant cell walls are much more complex than those in wood. Lignin precursors, monolignols, are more diverse in grasses, and the biosynthetic pathways for monolignols are still not quite clear as that for monolignols in woods and dicots. Because of the intimate associations between polysaccharides and lignins in grasses, better procedures for isolating lignins from grass plant cell walls are still needed to better understand structures of grass lignins, as well as their cross-linking to polysaccharides. In grasses, cross-link polysaccharides and lignins form so-called lignin–hydroxycinnamate–polysaccharide complex, which severely decreases the digestibility of cell wall polysaccharides by ruminants.
Somatostatin-positive neurons in the reticular thalamus modulate gamma rhythms and visual information in mouse V1

Visual perception in natural environments depends on the ability to focus on salient stimuli while ignoring distractions. This kind of selective visual attention is associated with gamma oscillations in the visual cortex. While the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) has been implicated in selective attention, its role in modulating visual perception remains unknown. Here we show that somatostatin-expressing neurons (SOM) in the nRT preferentially project to visual thalamic nuclei, as compared to the more abundant parvalbumin-expressing neurons, and powerfully modulate both visual information transmission and gamma oscillations in the primary visual cortex (V1). These findings represent a novel circuit through which the nRT can influence representation of visual information.
Comparison of Patient-Reported vs Physician-Estimated Angina in Patients Undergoing Elective and Urgent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

This cohort study assesses the use of patient-reported vs physician-estimated angina in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
The Terrible Triad of Checkpoint Inhibition: A Case Report of Myasthenia Gravis, Myocarditis, and Myositis Induced by Cemiplimab in a Patient with Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background We report a case of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who developed myasthenia gravis (MG), myositis, and myocarditis after receiving cemiplimab, an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Case Presentation. An 86-year-old man with metastatic periocular SCC presented with decreased vision in the left eye, severe fatigue, and lower back and bilateral hip pain 3 weeks after receiving cemiplimab. Within hours, he developed dysphonia, pharyngeal secretions, and dysphagia, necessitating intubation. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed active lymphocyte-mediated necrosis consistent with ICI-induced myocarditis. Anti-striated muscle and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies were elevated, consistent with myositis and myasthenia gravis. Despite plasma exchange therapy, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin, he died from cardiac arrest. Conclusions The presence of myasthenia gravis, myocarditis, or myositis should prompt evaluation for all three toxicities as they may represent an overlap syndrome. The severity of these immunotoxicities highlights the need for clinicians to suspect multiple simultaneous adverse effects of ICIs.
An Adhesive and Corrosion-Resistant Biomarker Sensing Film for Biosmart Wearable Consumer Electronics

The integration of electrochemical sensors in wearable consumer electronics enables monitoring the health status of individuals at molecular levels across the general population, and thus can play a critical role in transforming personalized and precision medicine. Previously, we devised a seamless integration strategy to interface disposable mediator-free enzymatic sensors—constructed on anisotropic conductive films (ACFs)—with consumer electronics. To illustrate the generalizability of our approach, here, we leverage ACF electrodes as a foundation to develop widely used mediator-based enzymatic sensors, which possess different underlying reaction mechanisms. Accordingly, we demonstrated the ACF-based sensor’s anti-corrosive performance and its compatibility for integration with contact pads on both flexible and rigid substrates. To position this mediator-based sensor for untreated biofluid analysis, we adopted a post-calibration methodology to facilitate sensor surface conditioning. To demonstrate the clinical utility of our approach, a representative mediator-based enzymatic glucose sensor was developed and coupled with contact pads on a circuit board to analyze the changes in sweat glucose levels with respect to meal intake (n = 26). The generalizability of the ACF-based sensor development and integration strategy allows for its adoption to target a wide panel of biomarkers and to transform the wearable consumer electronics into biosmart platforms. [2020-0193]
Detonation and its limit in small tubes with ozone sensitization

Abstract Ozone as an ignition promoter was used to study the detonation limit behavior in small, round tubes. Experimentally, detonation cellular structures and velocity deficits of fuel-oxygen mixtures with and without 3000 PPM of ozone were measured in tubes of 32 and 6 mm in inner diameter. Both hydrogen-oxygen and methane-oxygen mixtures were tested. The addition of ozone reduces the detonation cell size and extends the transition to spinning detonation to lower initial pressures. Ozone addition, however, produces a negligible effect on velocity deficit far from the detonation limit while providing a measurable extension of the limit. The change in deficit caused by ozone does not correlate with the reduction in cell size, suggesting that the velocity deficit behavior is not solely a function of the detonation structure. By analyzing the velocity deficit data in the d/λ (the ratio of tube diameter to cell width) domain, two regimes of detonation limits are identified: a loss-governed regime where velocity deficiency results from various losses (mass, momentum, and heat) and is insensitive to detonation structure, and a geometry-limited regime determined by the geometric accommodation of the detonation structures. Two velocity deficit models were evaluated against the experimental results: a modified ZND model with heat and momentum losses (HML) and the flow divergence (FD) model. Velocity deficits in the loss-governed regime are well predicted by the HML model but not by the FD model. Velocity deficits in the geometry-limited regime can be correlated with the critical condition of d / λ = 1 / π and the transition point between the two regimes. Ozone addition extends the detonation limit by moving the reactive mixtures away from its geometric detonation limit, and promotes detonation propagation in miniaturized geometries.
Polysulfide-Shuttle Control in Lithium-Sulfur and Sodium-Sulfur Batteries with Polymer-Coated Solid-State Electrolytes

The emerging lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are gaining much attention as a promising next-generation energy storage technology.1 An analogous battery system with a sodium-sulfur chemistry has recently started to receive considerable attention as well.2 The electrochemical mechanism of the Li-S and Na-S batteries is quite similar and the charge-discharge processes of these two batteries involve the formation of soluble polysulfide intermediate species. Therefore, the development of both of these two battery systems is facing a critical obstacle due to the so-called "polysulfide-shuttle" behavior during cell operation.3, 4 Although a lot of efforts have been attempted to address such a challenge since it has been recognized many years ago, there is still a lack of reliable approaches that can fully prevent the polysulfide-shuttle without bringing any other negative effects to the Li-S or Na-S cell systems. Herein we present an alternative strategy to suppress the polysulfide-shuttle in Li-S and Na-S batteries with, respectively, a Li+-ion conductive and a Na+-ion conductive solid-state electrolytes.5, 6 However, the use of a solid electrolyte usually brings an additional challenge in maintaining an adequate ionic interface between the lithium or sodium anodes and the solid electrolytes. Therefore, a strategic approach by coating the solid-state electrolytes with a thin layer of a polymer has been developed. The polymer coating on the ceramic solid-state electrolyte offers a facile interface with the metal electrodes. Both the Li-S batteries and the Na-S batteries with the polymer-coated solid-electrolyte membrane show enhanced cycling stability. References X. W. Yu and A. Manthiram, Accounts Chem Res, 2017, 50, 2653-2660. A. Manthiram and X. W. Yu, Small, 2015, 11, 2108-2114. Y. X. Wang, B. W. Zhang, W. H. Lai, Y. F. Xu, S. L. Chou, H. K. Liu and S. X. Dou, Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7, 1602829. A. Manthiram, X. W. Yu and S. Wang, Nat Rev Mater, 2017, 2, 16103. X. Yu and A. Manthiram, Adv Funct Mater, In Presss, doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201805996. X. W. Yu, Z. H. Bi, F. Zhao and A. Manthiram, Adv Energy Mater, 2016, 6, 1601392.
Nonconventional Mechanical Ventilation

The success of mechanical ventilation for pediatric respiratory failure has resulted in decreased mortality for the most commonly occurring causes of pediatric lung injury. In addition to the evolution of the capabilities and sophistication of mechanical ventilators used in pediatric critical care medicine, the success with mechanical ventilation has spawned developments in three other distinct areas. First, support for oxygenation and ventilation in ways that are less invasive and less intrusive, not requiring endotracheal intubation, has allowed the critical care practitioner to support children with more comfort and improved safety. Second, rescue forms of support for oxygenation and ventilation that minimize the adverse effects of conventional tidal ventilation, minimizing trauma due to overdistention, have continued to evolve. Finally, survival of children with chronic respiratory compromise, requiring levels of support that can be achieved outside the intensive care unit, has enabled an entire population of long-term ventilator-dependent children to survive in the home setting. Experience in these three areas has grown in the last decades, with arguably demonstrable success but, in most cases, without rigorous study and evaluation of efficacy or superiority. This chapter describes these forms of nonconventional mechanical ventilation, a logical and practical application of their use, and documentation of their value or efficacy where available.
Misconceptions about biking and driving: Drivers understanding of Missouri bicycle laws

Abstract Introduction Bicycling has numerous health benefits, such as improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, and significant risk reductions for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity and has benefits to the environment. However, motorists' behavior has been shown to be a significant barrier for people to bicycle. Therefore, it is important to examine licensed drivers’ knowledge of the policies that guide roadway interactions with bicycles. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was developed and distributed to Missouri licensed drivers. A bivariate linear regression and multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to determine which factors predict overall driver knowledge score for bicycling laws. Results Demographic factors such as living in non-metropolitan areas [micropolitan, small town, and rural] (p Conclusion Drivers who do not bike have less knowledge of bicycling laws in Missouri. Interventions to promote roadway safety for bicyclists should focus on drivers who do not bike and on education related to lane positioning, green paint use, and bicycle-related signage.
Pericardial mesothelioma

Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare but lethal disease. Altogether there are about 150 cases reported in the literature. In most cases the diagnosis is made at autopsy or postoperatively. Clinical signs and symptoms are typically nonspecific and are similar to compromised cardiac function. Surgical resection remains the main treatment modality. When the disease is localized and completely resected, long-term survival can result. Most often the tumor invades the myocardium or the great vessels and therefore is at best palliative in relieving pericardial tamponade or constriction. Addition of chemotherapy or radiation has been disappointing. Newer therapeutic approaches for malignant pleural mesothelioma are likely to influence the treatment of pericardial mesothelioma in the future.