cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathological characteristics and radiographic correlates of complex renal cysts.

Objectives To characterize pathological and cancer-specific outcomes of surgically resected cystic renal tumors and to identify clinical or radiographic features associated with these outcomes.
Hackathons and the Making of Entrepreneurial Citizenship

© 2015, © The Author(s) 2015. Today the halls of Technology, Entertainment, and Design (TED) and Davos reverberate with optimism that hacking, brainstorming, and crowdsourcing can transform citizenship, development, and education alike. This article examines these claims ethnographically and historically with an eye toward the kinds of social orders such practices produce. This article focuses on a hackathon, one emblematic site of social practice where techniques from information technology (IT) production become ways of remaking culture. Hackathons sometimes produce technologies, and they always, however, produce subjects. This article argues that the hackathon rehearses an entrepreneurial citizenship celebrated in transnational cultures that orient toward Silicon Valley for models of social change. Such optimistic, high-velocity practice aligns, in India, with middle-class politics that favor quick and forceful action with socially similar collaborators over the contestations of mass democracy or the slow construction of coalition across difference.
Efficient and Stable Transduction of Cardiomyocytes After Intramyocardial Injection or Intracoronary Perfusion With Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors

Background—The delivery of recombinant genes to cardiomyocytes holds promise for the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Previous gene transfer approaches that used direct injection of plasmid DNA or replication-defective adenovirus vectors have been limited by low transduction frequencies and transient transgene expression due to immune responses, respectively. In this report, we have tested the feasibility of using intramyocardial injection or intracoronary infusions of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors to program transgene expression in murine cardiomyocytes in vivo. Methods and Results—We constructed an rAAV containing the LacZ gene under the transcriptional control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (AAVCMV-LacZ). We then injected 1×108 infectious units (IU) of this virus into the left ventricular myocardium of adult CD-1 mice. Control hearts were injected with the AdCMV-LacZ adenovirus vector. Hearts harvested 2, 4, and 8 weeks after AAVCMV-LacZ injection demonstrat...
Economic dispatch of a differential evolution based generator maintenance scheduling of a power system

This paper presents generator maintenance scheduling (GMS) and economic dispatch (ED) of the Indonesian power system based on minimization of an economic cost function for the economical and reliable operation of a power system, while satisfying crew/manpower, maintenance window, load demand, generation limits and spinning reserve constraints. Differential evolution (DE), an evolutionary computation technique and an optimization algorithm that utilizes the differential information to guide its further search, is known to effectively solve large scale optimization problems and has been widely applied in power system. In this paper, the DE approach is proposed for solving the GMS problem and the resulting optimal maintenance schedules are used by the Lambda-iteration (LI) method to calculate the ED for the 19 generating units supplying power to two major industrial parks located in Bintan and Batam in Indonesian. The simulation results show great prospect for application in control centers by solving GMS and ED problems of many utilities which seek to minimize running costs. The results obtained offer an effective alternative for solving the GMS and ED problems.
REPLACEMENT TISSUE-EQUIVALENT PROPORTIONAL COUNTER FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

The tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC)-based dosemeters used on the International Space Station have exceeded their planned useful lives, and are scheduled to be replaced with the new units taking advantage of improved technology. The original TEPC detectors used cylindrical geometry with field tubes to achieve good energy resolution and minimum sensitivity to noise created by vibration. The inside diameter of these detectors is 5.1 cm. The new detectors developed for this application produce the resolution and vibration resistance of the cylindrical detector with the isotropic response and compact size of a spherical detector. The cathode structure consists of conductive tissue-equivalent plastic A-150 layers separated by thin polyethylene layers perpendicular to the anode. Each conductive layer is held at the electrical potential needed to produce uniform electric field strength along the anode wire, and thus the same gas gain for electrons produced in different portions of the spherical volume. The new design contains the whole preamplifier inside the vacuum chamber to reduce electronic noise. Also the vacuum chamber has a novel design with a 0.020-inch-thick aluminium wall to allow a total wall thickness of 0.5 g cm −2 , which is typical of the shielding provided by a space suit. This feature will allow measuring the dose on the astronauts’ skin due to low-energy electrons and protons produced during solar events. The vacuum chamber has a new bayonet clamping system that reduces the total detector weight to less than half that of the old TEPC.
Measuring and increasing protein solubility

High concentration protein delivery is difficult to achieve for several protein pharmaceuticals due to low solubility. In this review, we discuss different types of low protein solubility, including low in vitro solubility, which is relevant to the formulation of protein pharmaceuticals. We also discuss different methods of measuring protein solubility with an emphasis on the method of inducing amorphous precipitation using ammonium sulfate. Finally, we discuss strategies for increasing protein solubility, including site-directed mutagenesis. Evidence from solubility-changing mutations in the literature indicate that some hydrophilic residues (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine) contribute significantly more favorably to protein solubility than other hydrophilic residues (asparagine, glutamine, threonine, lysine, and arginine). These findings should prove useful especially in cases where protein structure is not known. In these cases, instead of targeting hydrophobic residues that are often buried, one could target hydrophilic residues that do not contribute favorably to protein solubility and replace them with hydrophilic residues that contribute more favorably.
Silicone Binding Immunoglobulins in Human Sera

We have evaluated two recently published test procedures for demonstrating antibodies to silicone. Positive control serum samples provided to us by the original authors were positive in our hands, using the methods described. However, serum samples from patients with certain connective tissue diseases but no history of silicone implants were also positive. The question of silicone-specific antibodies remains unresolved.
Critical Choices in Breast Reconstruction

The diagnosis of breast cancer combines the trauma of managing a potentially fatal disease with a radical assault on the body image of the patient. Women afflicted with this disease in the 1990s are bombarded with a multitude of choices regarding both treatment and reconstructive options at an extremely vulnerable and anxious time in their lives. Complicating the decision is the inevitable disagreement among physicians as to the best modality for surgical treatment and/or the need for adjunctive radiation or chemotherapy. The additional option of breast reconstruction compounds the choices faced by the patient, her general surgeon, and her plastic surgeon.
High recombination and mutation rates in mouse hepatitis virus suggest that coronaviruses may be potentially important emerging viruses

Coronaviruses are common respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens of mammals and birds. Not only do they cause about 15–20% of the common colds in humans, they are also occasionally associated with infections of the lower respiratory tract and central nervous system1. The prototype, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), contains a 32 kb genomic RNA which encodes two large orfs at the 5′ end, designated orf la and orf lb. Orf lb contains highly conserved polymerase, helicase and metal binding motifs typical of viral RNA polymerases while orf 1 a contains membrane and cysteine rich domains, and serine-and poliovirus 3c-like protease motifs1. The large size of the genome coupled with it’s unique replication strategy and high recombination frequencies during mixed infection predict a considerable capacity to evolve1,2,3.
Boundaries of Anion/Naphthalenediimide Interactions: From Anion−π Interactions to Anion-Induced Charge-Transfer and Electron-Transfer Phenomena

The recent emergence of anion−π interactions has added a new dimension to supramolecular chemistry of anions. Yet, after a decade since its inception, actual mechanisms of anion−π interactions remain highly debated. To elicit a complete and accurate understanding of how different anions interact with π-electron-deficient 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimides (NDIs) under different conditions, we have extensively studied these interactions using powerful experimental techniques. Herein, we demonstrate that, depending on the electron-donating abilities (Lewis basicity) of anions and electron-accepting abilities (π-acidity) of NDIs, modes of anion–NDI interactions vary from extremely weak non-chromogenic anion−π interactions to chromogenic anion-induced charge-transfer (CT) and electron-transfer (ET) phenomena. In aprotic solvents, electron-donating abilities of anions generally follow their Lewis basicity order, whereas π-acidity of NDIs can be fine-tuned by installing different electron-rich and electron-deficient s...
Assembly of Immature HIV-1 Capsids Using a Cell-Free System

For many years it has been known that viral capsid proteins are capable of self-assembly, but increasing evidence over the past decade indicates that in cells HIV-1 capsid assembly occurs via a complex but transient series of steps requiring multiple viral-host interactions. To better understand the biochemistry of HIV assembly, our group established a cell-free system that faithfully reconstitutes HIV-1 Gag synthesis and post-translational events of capsid assembly using cellular extracts, albeit more slowly and less efficiently. This system allowed initial identification of interactions that occur very transiently in cells but can be tracked in the cell-free system. Analysis of the cell-free system revealed that Gag progresses sequentially through a step-wise, energy-dependent series of assembly intermediates containing cellular proteins. One of these cellular proteins, the ATPase ABCE1, has been shown to play a critical role in the assembly process. The existence of this energy-dependent assembly pathway was subsequently confirmed in cellular systems, further validating the cell-free HIV-1 capsid assembly system as an excellent tool for identifying mechanisms underlying HIV-1 capsid formation. Here we describe how to assemble immature HIV-1 capsids in a cell-free system and separate assembly intermediates by velocity sedimentation.
The Dignity of Weapons

In this article, I wish to ask about the dignity of weapons, the kind of elevated worth weapons appear to have acquired despite (or because) of their role in the production of indignity, a worth which, perhaps not as paradoxically as it may otherwise appear, constitutes (or rather de-constitutes) human dignity. I shall not take Kant as my guide, though, but the other K, namely, Franz Kafka.
Abstract 3485: Estrogen receptor ligands and their responses in de novo and tamoxifen resistant cell models

Approximately 75% of breast cancer incidences are Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+). Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), is the standard of care for many of these ER+ breast cancer patients. Unfortunately, tamoxifen resistance occurs in almost 50% of patients within 5 years of treatment, and endocrine-independence accompanying resistance negates the effects of aromatase inhibitors. Paradoxically, estradiol (E2) has shown clinical efficacy in patients with resistant breast cancer. Understanding the antiproliferative role of E2 and ER signaling in resistant ER+ cell lines is essential to gain a better understanding of paradoxical clinical efficacy and for the appropriate biomarker-assisted selection of endocrine therapy for various stages of ER+ breast cancer. We have discovered ER ligands, based upon a single chemical scaffold with a diverse set of pharmacological responses, which can be used to better understand the role of ER signaling in resistance and therapy: selective ER modulators (SERMs), selective ER downregulators (SERDs), selective estrogen mimics (SEMs), and selective human ER partial agonists (ShERPAs). These compounds were initially classified using an ERE luciferase reporter assay and affinity for ER confirmed by biochemical assays. The effects of these novel ER-directed chemical probes on cell viability were further examined in multiple 2D and 3D spheroid models of tamoxifen resistance. Finally, ERα localization upon administration of these ligands in tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant cells was studied. While SERDs and SEMs showed growth inhibition in tamoxifen resistant cell lines, both molecules had different responses and mechanisms of growth inhibition. ERα was localized to extranuclear sites upon administration of E2, SEMs, and ShERPAs, an observation specific to the resistant phenotype and mechanistically associated with spheroid disintegration. SERDs inhibited the antiproliferative actions of E2, but were antiproliferative in resistant cell lines. Further dissection of the role of ER in resistance and survival is needed to define the appropriate ER-directed, endocrine therapy in ER+ breast cancer. Citation Format: Lauren M. Gutgesell, Gregory R. J. Thatcher, Hitisha Patel, Rui Xiong. Estrogen receptor ligands and their responses in de novo and tamoxifen resistant cell models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3485.
VD-IT2, Virtual Disk Cloning on Disk Arrays Using a Type-2 Fuzzy Controller

Disk arrays provide data storage by combining sets of disks into one or more virtual disks (VDs) utilizing specialized control algorithms. A VD is a partition of such combined storage capacity perceived by the user as a physical disk. VD cloning is a data protection technique that copies the data from one VD to another. A typical problem with VD cloning is that it delays user reads and writes, i.e., increases response times. This paper presents VD- Interval Type 2 (IT2), an effective IT2 fuzzy logic control (IT2 FLC) approach to VD cloning that dramatically reduces the response time delay. The VD-IT2 cloning scheme is capable of balancing two adversely affecting processes: VD cloning and user read/write response times. This IT2 FLC-based approach regulates throughput of VD cloning with regards to the user request activity. The VD-IT2 solves the increased delay in user reads and write during cloning by adjusting the time interval between cloning requests. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, a novel formula for planning of data backups is presented. The data backup formula predicts the fraction of replicated data blocks in a combined (clone and snap) replication. Second, a novel IT2 FLC scheme reduces response time of user reads/writes in half. The VD-IT2 was tested on an Itanium workstation with 120 disks and proved 50% reduction of user latencies within a short period of time (high response time of 60 ms was reduced to half, within 30 s only), on an average basis.
Application of the MASCC and CISNE Risk-Stratification Scores to Identify Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenic Patients in the Emergency Department

Study objective Although validated risk-stratification tools have been used to send low-risk febrile neutropenic patients home from clinic and inpatient settings, there is a dearth of research evaluating these scores in the emergency department (ED). We compare the predictive accuracy of the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) and Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia (CISNE) scores for patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia and presenting to the ED. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate all patients with febrile neutropenia (temperature ≥38°C [100.4°F], absolute neutrophil count Results During our study period, 230 patients presented with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia. The CISNE score identified 53 (23%) of these patients as low risk and was highly specific in the identification of a low-risk cohort for all outcome variables (98.3% specific, 95% confidence interval [CI] 89.7% to 99.9%; positive predictive value 98.1%, 95% CI 88.6% to 99.9%). Median length of stay was shorter for low-risk versus high-risk CISNE patients (3-day difference; P Conclusion Our results suggest that the CISNE score may be the most appropriate febrile neutropenia risk-stratification tool for use in the ED.
Light-Front Versus Equal-Time Quantization in $$\varvec{\phi ^4}$$ ϕ 4 Theory

There is a discrepancy between light-front and equal-time values for the critical coupling of two-dimensional \(\phi ^4\) theory. A proposed resolution is to take into account the difference between mass renormalizations in the two quantizations. This distinction was first discussed by M. Burkardt. It prevents direct comparison of bare parameters; however, a method proposed here allows calculation of the difference and thereby resolves the discrepancy. We also consider the consequences of allowing a sector-dependent constituent mass.
Failure Mechanism of Laser Welds in Lap-Shear Specimens of a High Strength Low Alloy Steel

In this study, the failure mechanism of laser welds in lap-shear specimens of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel under quasi-static loading conditions is examined based on the experimental results. Optical micrographs of the welds in specimens before tests were examined to understand the microstructure near the weld. A micrographic analysis of the failed welds in lap-shear specimens indicates a ductile necking/shear failure mechanism near the heat affected zone. Micro-hardness tests were conducted to provide an assessment of the mechanical properties of the joint area which has varying microstructure due to the welding process. A finite element analysis was also carried out to identify the effects of the weld geometry and different mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zones on the failure mechanism. The computational results of the finite element analysis indicate that the material inhomogeneity and geometry of the weld bead play an important role in the ductile necking/shear failure mechanism. The computational results match well with the experimental observations of the necking/shear failure and its location. A finite element analysis with consideration of void nucleation and growth based on the Gurson yield function was also carried out. The results of the finite element analysis based on the Gurson yield function are in good agreement with the experimental observations of the initiation of ductile fracture and its location.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Comparison of Alternative Tumor Size Classifications for Posterior Uveal Melanomas.

Purpose Determine which posterior uveal melanoma (PUM) size classification with three categories has the best prognostic discrimination. Methods Single-institution study of 424 consecutive patients with PUM. The tumor's largest basal diameter (LBD), smallest basal diameter (SBD), and thickness (TH) were estimated by fundus mapping and ultrasonography. Tumors were assigned to "small," "medium," or "large" size categories defined by 11 different classifications (Linear LBD, Rectangular LBD × TH, Cubic LBD × SBD × TH, Warren Original, Warren Modified, Augsburger, COMS Original, COMS Revised, TNM 2002, and modified TNM 2010 classification [a,b]). Prognostic significance of classifications was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier event curves with computation of log rank test for trend statistic. Results In six classification systems (Warren Original, Warren Modified, COMS Revised, TNM 2002, TNM 2010a, TNM 2010b) >50% of tumors fell within one subgroup. In the Warren Original classification <5% of tumors fell within one subgroup. Separation of Kaplan-Meier curves among three size categories was judged "excellent" in four classifications (Linear LBD, Cubic Volume, TNM 2010a, and TNM 2010b) and "very poor" in the Warren Original. Linear LBD classification was associated with highest log rank statistic value. TNM 2010a, TNM 2010b, TNM 2002, Augsburger, and Cubic Volume classifications were also determined to be quite good. Conclusions Linear LBD classification was the best three-size category discriminator among low-, intermediate-, and high-risk subgroups. Considering our findings, it seems possible that the arduous work required to apply complex classifications, especially for three-category systems, for PUM may not be justified in routine clinical practice.
Differential Relationships of Anxiety and Autism Symptoms on Social Skills in Young Boys with Fragile X Syndrome.

Abstract Social skills are critical for academic, social, and psychological success of children with both typical and atypical development. Boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS) are at high risk for social skill impairments, given intellectual impairments and secondary conditions. The present study examines the impact of adaptive behavior, autism symptoms, and anxiety symptoms to social skills at the composite and subdomain level in boys with FXS across age. This cross-sectional study included boys with FXS (3–14 years) contrasted to age-matched typical control boys. Results revealed that social skills are generally within developmental expectations, with adaptive behavior as the primary predictor. Anxiety and autism symptoms emerged as additive risk factors, particularly in the areas of responsibility and self-control.
A pilot study of Merkel cell polyomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

• A significant association between oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Merkel cell polyoma virus is reported.
The History of Design in Computing

In this issue of the Annals, we are pleased to provide very different but equally unique contributions on the history of design in computing.
Abstract 416: Targeted Echogenic Liposome Binding Forces Correlate With Atheroma Ultrasound Image Enhancement

Background: We have developed echogenic immunoliposomes (Ab-ELIP) as a means of highlighting atheroma at different stages of atherogenesis. We have devised methods to measure conjugated antibody (Ab) binding affinity (targeting efficiency, TE) in order to assess and predict Ab-ELIP imaging enhancement and therapeutic efficacy. We have now constructed an algorithm for calculating binding force from the evaluation data and have tested it relative to ultrasound (US) image enhancement results. Hypothesis: One or more Ab-ELIP binding force parameters is predictive of ultrasound imaging enhancement of atheroma in vivo. Methods: Ab-ELIP were prepared by conjugating specific MAbs to ELIP. Conjugation efficiency (CE) was then determined by a quantitative immunoblot assay and particle enumeration with a Beckman-Coulter Multisizer to yield CE in molecules Ab/liposome. Conjugated Ab affinity (K D and K assoc ) was derived from ELISA data and used to generate specific TE (CE x relative binding area) and functional avidity (K assoc x specific TE). The functional avidity was then converted to free energy of association using the equation of state (ΔG = -RT ln K). Using specific TE, ΔG in kcal/mole was converted to binding energy in erg/liposome, from which binding forces, E b , in dyne/liposome were derived. Based on specific TE and Ab molecules per m 2 , binding force/liposome was converted to Pascal (10 dyne/cm 2 ). Finally, dyne/liposome was converted to piconewton (pN)/molecule, a common measure of binding force. Results: Using rabbit and miniswine atherosclerotic models, we previously demonstrated US imaging enhancement of atheroma by MAbs specific for ICAM-1, α v β 3 -integrin and VCAM-1 conjugated to ELIP. Percent image enhancement correlated (p Conclusions: We have discovered a binding force parameter calculated from CE and TE data that is predictive of Ab-ELIP targeting performance in vivo. The next step, to demonstrate a similar correlation with therapeutic efficacy, will then provide an important tool for clinical Ab-ELIP optimization.
Dietary Copper, Vanadate, Lysyl Oxidase Activity, and Lysine Tyrosyl Quinone Formation

Lysyl oxidase activity is critical for the assembly and crosslinking of extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen and elastin. Lysyl oxidase can also serve as a vehicle for copper transport from extracellular matrix cells. Lysyl oxidase activity is sensitive to changes in dietary copper status and is influenced by metabolic and genetic perturbations in copper transport, specifically, mutations in the copper-transporting ATPase gene, PATPase-7A. Herein, the effects of nutritional copper deprivation, sodium vanadate toxicity, and Menkes’ disease are described with respect to copper accumulation in connective tissue cells and lysyl oxidase activation. A principle goal was to characterize features of lysyl oxidase activation. Dietary copper deficiency, sodium vanadate treatment, and observations using Menkes’ cells in culture are compared. Dietary copper deficiency causes a decrease in lysyl oxidase activity, but not in the amount of expressed lysyl oxidase protein (Rucker et al., 1996). Feeding sodium vanadate caused increased accumulation of copper in cells, but decreased accumulation of activated lysyl oxidase. The Menkes’ phenotype is also characterized by increased copper accumulation and decreased expression of active lysyloxidase (Kosonen et al., 1997). One explanation is that copper deficiency affects the post-translational formation of the active-site quinone cofactor of lysyl oxidase, lysine tyrosyl quinone (Wang et al., 1997).
Generation of Alternative Force Configurations for Arms Control Negotiations Using Linear Programming

Harold Brown and Lynn E. Davis (1984) propose a strategy for arms control that they refer to as “Overall Equivalence”, This strategy requires the United States and Soviet Union to agree to overall limits on nuclear weapons systems for each side instead of individual limits for each type of weapon, as in the past. Brown and Davis suggest three such Overall Equivalence limits: (1) Total Equivalent Missile and Bomber Warheads not to exceed 6500; (2) Total Equivalent Throw-Weight not to exceed 8,000,000 lbs.; (3) Total Missile Warheads (excluding Bomber Warheads) not to exceed 6000.
Things Falling Through the Cracks: Information Loss During Pediatric Trauma Care Transitions

Pediatric trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children in the USA. Several clinical teams converge to support trauma care in the Emergency Department (ED); the most severe trauma cases often need surgery in the operating room (OR) and/or are admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). These care transitions can result in loss of information or transfer of incorrect information, We interviewed 18 clinicians about communication and coordination during care transitions between the ED, OR and PICU. Clinicians completed a short questionnaire about patient safety during transitions. Results show that, although many services and units involved in pediatric trauma work well together, important patient care information may be lost in the transitions. To safely manage transitions of this fragile, unstable, complex population, we need to better manage the information flow during these transitions.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program size and timing and hypertension-related emergency department claims among Medicaid enrollees.

Abstract The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a public policy program that aims to reduce food insecurity—a social determinant of health that has been associated with suboptimal blood pressure control in the United States. The aim of the article was to explore the association between SNAP benefit timing and size and probability of hypertension-related emergency department (ED) claims. This study used the SNAP data from the Missouri's Department of Social Services for January 2010 to December 2013 linked to Medicaid ED claims data. The dependent variable was probability of hypertension-related and hypertensive emergency ED claims. The independent variables of interest were week of calendar and SNAP benefit months and SNAP benefit amount. Probit regression analyses were conducted. Average marginal effects are reported.In a sample of 6,013,951 Medicaid-insured SNAP beneficiaries, 11,709 hypertension-related claims were submitted for every 100,000 claims. The average marginal effect of SNAP benefit amount on hypertension-related ED claims was −0.0000638 (P
Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) in a Monoculture of Invasive Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria japonica)

This paper reports the first record of a territorial Limnothlypis swainsonii (Swainson's Warbler) associated with the invasive Reynoutria japonica (Japanese Knotweed). The observation adds to a growing body of literature documenting rapid behavioral adaptation to novel habitats in this globally rare warbler.
Screening for Colon Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most dreaded complications of long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The field of CRC surveillance in the IBD patient has come a long way since Crohn and Rosenberg’s initial description in 1925 of malignancy in an IBD patient. This chapter reviews the latest data and concepts regarding the effectiveness of colonoscopy as a screening tool for colorectal cancer in IBD, recommended screening, and surveillance intervals and techniques (including chromoendoscopy), as well as how to describe and manage precancerous lesions once found.
Orthogonal decomposition of the space of algebraic numbers and Lehmerʼs problem

Abstract Building on work of Dubickas and Smyth regarding the metric Mahler measure and the authors regarding extremal norms associated to the Mahler measure, the authors introduce a new set of norms associated to the Mahler measure of algebraic numbers which allow for an equivalent reformulation of problems like the Lehmer problem and the Schinzel–Zassenhaus conjecture on a single spectrum. We present several new geometric results regarding the space of algebraic numbers modulo torsion using the L p Weil height introduced by Allcock and Vaaler, including a canonical decomposition of an algebraic number into an orthogonal series with respect to the L 2 height.
Chirp Spread Spectrum Signaling for Future Air-Ground Communications

In this paper, we investigate the use of chirp spread spectrum signaling over air-ground channels. This includes evaluation of not only the traditional linear chirp, but also of a new chirp signal format we have devised for multiple access applications. This new format is more practical than prior multi-user chirp systems in the literature, because we allow for imperfect synchronism. Specifically we evaluate multi-user chirp signaling over air-ground channels in a quasi-synchronous condition. The air-ground channels we employ are models based upon an extensive NASA measurement campaign. We show that our new signaling scheme outperforms the classic linear chirp in these air-ground settings.
Microstructural control in metal laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing using laser beam shaping strategy

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) promises to revolutionize manufacturing by producing complex parts with tailored mechanical properties through local microstructure control. The main challenge is to control or prevent columnar (elongated) growth morphology which is prevalent in AM parts. Here, we elucidate mechanisms of microstructure control that promote favorable equiaxed grains (aspect ratio close to 1) using a laser beam shaping strategy. This requires an accurate thermal profile that is only captured using advanced predictive simulation that couples full laser ray tracing, ultra-fast hydrodynamic melt flow and the cellular automata method for grain growth. We investigate columnar to equiaxed microstructure transition during single-track laser powder bed fusion processing of 316 L stainless steel using Gaussian (circular) and elliptical (transverse and longitudinal) laser beam shapes. We demonstrate that the propensity to produce equiaxed grains through nucleation events correlates with large beam width as delivered by an elliptical transverse laser beam. In addition, we reveal different microstructure evolution mechanisms during transient states such as at start and end of a scan track when the laser is respectively turned on and off. Columnar growth is hard to prevent at the start of a track and the growth morphology in the absence of heat input is dictated by the melt pool width and depth achieved and the degree of thermal undercooling. We expect this fundamental understanding of the physics of local beam shaping for microstructural control would have implications on future complex beam shape designs as well as beam modulation.
Clinical Data Classification Using an Ensemble Approach Based on CNN and Bag-of-Words Approach

From the past decade, there has been drastic development and deployment of digital data warehoused in electronic health record (EHR). Initially, it is intended for getting patient general info and accomplishment healthcare tasks like billing, but researchers focused on secondary and most important use of these data for innumerable clinical solicitations. In this paper, we addressed the use of deep learning-based clinical note multi-label multi-class approach using ensemble approach based on CNN and bag-of-words approach. And we map those classes for multi-classes. And we perform experiments with Python, and we used libraries of Keras, TensorFlow, NumPy, matplotlib, and we use MIMIC-III data set. And we made comparison with existing works CNN, skip-gram, n-gram and bag of words. The performance results show that proposed framework performed good while classifying the text notes.
Housing for older persons: An international overview

This article provides an overview of several international housing issues facing societies with a high proportion of older persons. Using examples from a number of countries, the article discusses the strains placed on the quantity and type of housing available for older persons; the trend toward independent living; the role of government in housing policy; and the role of home modification, universal design and assistive technology in enabling older persons to live in the community. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
A Dedicated Platform for Health-Safety Reviews

In addition to health consequences, impactful life changes, and losses, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a worldwide economic emergency. Particularly, small businesses in key sectors, such as the hospitality and food industries, have incurred significant losses due to mobility restrictions, distancing requirements, and reduced service. Simultaneously, individuals have reduced their travels and visits to businesses and public places because of concerns related to the Coronavirus outbreak. In this paper, we introduce a web- and mobile- based platform dedicated to health-safety ratings and reviews. The system aims at helping businesses maintain a health-safety profile, address their customers’ expectations, and invite them to restore their habits safely.
Analysis and Modeling Simulation of Power Oscillation in Thermal Power Plant

In this paper, the model of steam turbine and speed control system considering the influence of boiler and other equipment is established, and the load is simulated by upper step to verify the correctness of the model. Combined with the negative damping mechanism of power oscillation and forced power oscillation mechanism, the mathematical model of power oscillation caused by speed regulation system is derived, and several typical fault modes are summarized. For different fault modes, the corresponding simulation methods are given. Finally, Prony algorithm is used to identify the characteristic parameters of power response, and the measures to suppress power oscillation are analyzed and given.
Mechanisms of immune suppression in glioblastoma

Abstract Despite advances in immunotherapy for other solid tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant primary brain tumor, has thus far demonstrated resistance to novel immunotherapeutics such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. In GBM, resistance to immunotherapy may be partly attributable to the immunosuppression that is characteristic of this disease. Both tumor-driven and iatrogenic mechanisms of immune suppression affect systemic immune status as well as the tumor microenvironment in patients with GBM. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of immunosuppression in GBM is needed to develop strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy in this disease. This chapter summarizes GBM-induced changes in circulating immune cell populations and in the tumor microenvironment and discusses how commonly used interventions in GBM patients, including radiation, chemotherapy, and corticosteroids, also result in immunosuppression.
Systems on the Edge: Developing Organizational Theory for the Persistence of Mistreatment in Childbirth.

Mistreatment in childbirth is institutionalized in many healthcare settings globally, causing widespread harm. Rising concern has elicited research on its prevalence and characteristics, with limited attention to developing explanatory theory. Mistreatment, a complex systemic and behavioral phenomenon, requires social science theory to explain its persistence despite official norms that promote respectful care. Diane Vaughan's normalization of organizational deviance theory from organizational sociology, emerged from studies of how things go wrong in organizations. Its multi-level framework provided an opportunity for analogical cross-case comparison to elaborate theory on mistreatment as normalized organizational deviance. To elaborate the theory, the Tanzanian public health system in the period of 2010-2015 was selected as a case. A broad Scopus search identified 4,068 articles published on the health system and maternal health in Tanzania of which 122 were selected. Data was extracted using a framework based on the theory and reviews of mistreatment in healthcare. Relationships and patterns emerged through comparative analysis across concepts and system levels and then were compared with Vaughan's theory and additional organizational theories. Analysis revealed that normalized scarcity at the macro-level combined with production pressures for biomedical care and imbalanced power-dependence altered values, structures, and processes in the health system. Meso-level actors struggled to achieve production goals with limited autonomy and resources, resulting in workarounds and informal rationing. Biomedical care was prioritized, and emotion work was rationed in provider interactions with women, which many women experienced as disrespect. Analogical comparison with another case of organizational deviance based on literature enabled a novel approach to elaborate theory. The emergent theory sheds light on opportunities to transform systems and routinize respectful care. Theory application in additional settings and exploration of other social theories is needed for further understanding of this complex problem.
Evaluation of TReatment With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and the Risk of Lung Cancer: ERACER—An Observational Cohort Study:

Introduction:Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are widely prescribed medications. A recent British study reported a 14% increased risk of lung cancer with ACEI versus angiotensin rec...
Gaines Kevin K.. American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era . The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. xiv + 342 pp. Photographs. Bibliography. Index. $34.95. Cloth.

Kevin K. Gaines. American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era. The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. xiv + 342 pp. Photographs. Bibliography. Index. $34.95. Cloth. African studies and African American studies used to be separate fields. Recently, however, a new stream of studies has emphasized their interconnections, as exemplified in such books as Rising Wind (University of North Carolina Press, 1996), Race Against Empire (Cornell University Press, 1997), Black Rice (Harvard University Press, 2001), Middle Passages (Penguin Press, 2006), and Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas (University of North Carolina Press, 2005). Kevin Gaines's American Africans in Ghana now counts itself as a distinguished part of this literature. After a pair of broad chapters introducing the Ghanaian context and international Afro-diasporic thought from 1900 to 1950, Gaines's book focuses most intensely on the period from March 1957 (when independent Ghana under Nkrumah galvanized the entire African and Afro-diasporic world) to February 1966 (when Nkrumah, while visiting China, lost power in a coup). With these as bookend dates, Gaines offers rich accounts of the visits to or residencies in Ghana of many African American luminaries, including W.E.B. Du Bois, Pauli Murray, Malcolm X, St. Clair Drake, and Martin Luther King. Gaines works mightily to rescue Richard Wright's dyspeptic preindependence account of Ghana in Black Power: A Record of Reactions in a Land of Pathos (Harper, 1954), and valuably attends to less wellknown African American expatriates such as Bill Sutherland and, at great and touching length, the nearly forgotten Julian Mayfield. From elsewhere in the diaspora, George Padmore receives deserved attention. Dominating the entire text, however, is Nkrumah; even though increasingly isolated from Ghana's African American (as well as Ghanaian) community, he remains the sun around which all else orbits. After his expulsion (and indeed even after his death), Nkrumah's legacy continued to haunt the Americans connected to his era, as well as the book which chronicles their lives. The writing is extremely diffuse-a benefit or a demerit, depending on your perspective. To choose a small example, a sentence on Mayfield's post-Ghana difficulties breaking into film prompts a two-hundred-word excursion into Hollywood racism in general, from its preference for former professional athletes to the blaxploitation classic Blacula, with no discernible link to Ghana. …
Cancer, Carcinogenesis, and Aging

Cancer is mainly a disease of aging. At present 50% of all cancers occur in the 12% of the population aged 65 and older [1]. By the year 2030, individuals over 65 years will represent 20% of the population of the United States and account for 70% of all cancers [1, 2]. The management of cancer in the older age group is going to become the most common practice of oncology.
CORRECTIONS FOR STRENGTH TEST DATA

The loads carried by piston friction, rubber membranes, and filter paper drains may have a significant effect on the axial stress in triaxial test specimens. In plane strain tests, friction between the membrane and the plates used to enforce plane strain deformation also influences the axial stress in the test specimens. Failure to correct for these loads results in an overestimate of the axial stress in the test specimens and influences the values of the consolidation pressure, the strength, the strength parameters, the pore pressure parameter, A, and the effective principal stress ratio. Whether test results are to be used in research investigations or for practical purposes, it is desirable to make appropriate corrections to the test data. Techniques for determining values for the various corrections are discussed, and examples of the corrections are given for both triaxial and plane strain tests.
Modified VP22 localizes to the cell nucleus during synchronized herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.

The UL49 gene product (VP22) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) is a virion phosphoprotein which accumulates inside infected cells at late stages of infection. We previously (J. A. Blaho, C. Mitchell, and B. Roizman, J. Biol. Chem. 269:17401–17410, 1994) discovered that the form of VP22 packaged into infectious virions differed from VP22 extracted from infected-cell nuclei in that the virion-associated form had a higher electrophoretic mobility in denaturing gels. Based on these results, we proposed that VP22 in virions was “undermodified” in some way. The goal of this study is to document the biological and biochemical properties of VP22 throughout the entire course of a productive HSV-1 infection. We now report the following. (i) VP22 found in infected cells is distributed in at least three distinct subcellular localizations, which we define as cytoplasmic, diffuse, and nuclear, as measured by indirect immunofluorescence. (ii) Using a synchronized infection system, we determined that VP22 exists predominantly in the cytoplasm early in infection and accumulates in the nucleus late in infection. (iii) While cytoplasmic VP22 colocalizes with the HSV-1 glycoprotein D early in infection, the nuclear form of VP22 is not restricted to replication compartments which accumulate ICP4. (iv) VP22 migrates as at least three unique electrophoretic species in denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-DATD-polyacrylamide gels. VP22a, VP22b, and VP22c have high, intermediate, and low mobility, respectively. (v) The relative distribution of the various forms of VP22 derived from infected whole-cell extracts varies during the course of infection such that low-mobility species predominate at early times and high-mobility forms accumulate later. (vi) The highest-mobility forms of VP22 partition with the cytoplasmic fraction of infected cells, while the lowest-mobility forms are associated with the nuclear fraction. (vii) Finally, full-length VP22 which partitions in the nucleus incorporates radiolabel from [32P]orthophosphate whereas cytoplasmic VP22 does not. Based on these results, we conclude that modification of VP22 coincides with its appearance in the nucleus during the course of productive HSV-1 infection.
Aurora in Martian Mini Magnetospheres

Auroral Phenomen Other Planets Geophysical Mon © 2012. American 10.1029/2011GM Auroral processes are active at Mars, which lacks a global dynamo field. Observations of relatively faint UV emission in crustal magnetic fields demonstrate that upper atmospheric species are excited in cusp regions, presumably by incident particles directed along cusp flux tubes. Measurement of particles and fields above the crustal fields, including counterstreaming energized ion and electron populations, suggest that electrons are accelerated downward into the atmosphere, at least partly by a quasi-static field-aligned potential. A variety of additional mechanisms may be contributing to aurora, including day-night transport of ionospheric particles, waves and reconnection, and particle acceleration in the magnetotail current sheet. Future observations and modeling should help to distinguish between the different mechanisms, constrain the variation in auroral acceleration and brightness at different wavelengths, correlate auroral activity with external conditions, and determine the importance of auroral processes for upper atmospheric electrodynamics and atmospheric escape.
Learning in Communities: A Distributed Intelligence Perspective

The power of the unaided individual mind is highly overrated (Arias et al., 2001). In most traditional approaches, human cognition has been seen as existing solely “inside” a person’s head, and studies on cognition have often disregarded the physical and social surroundings in which cognition takes place.