cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Pedagogical Findings To Improve Critical Thinking Skills

The motivation for this paper comes from need the need for our students to learn not only subject matter through traditional methods in a classroom, but foundational learning through experiences obtained directly in the workplace. The terminology used today for this student experience is referred to as experiential learning which comes in two forms, either learning 1) by yourself or 2) through experiential education (learning through programs established by others). You can kindly refer to learning by yourself as “nature’s way of learning” as it occurs as a direct participation in the life cycle. However, experiential education can be defined more succinctly as a structured approach, using experiences and the direction of others to create the learning curve. The issue at hand is simple does participatory (experiential) education create critical thinkers among our students and make them more aware of and able to more easily solve the problem(s) at hand? Our diligence has focused on two distinctly different courses in two different semesters (fall 2011 and spring 2012) in two different business disciplines (business marketing and entrepreneurship) at two distinctly different universities (Wagner College and Monmouth University) with one similar problem is there a significant benefit to experiential learning over traditional classroom pedagogy? Our findings are profound in the respect that both the participating subjects (students) and the participating businesses achieved significant benefits when this mode of education was used. Our conclusions in the paper signify that although more research is needed to further determine the significance of the impact of experiential learning, we have come away with a true picture of the educational benefits to the students and the productive benefits to the clients involved. An experiential educator's role is to organize and facilitate direct experiences of phenomenon under the assumption that this will lead to genuine (meaningful and long-lasting) learning. This often also requires preparatory and reflective exercises BOTH inside and outside the classroom.
Perceived Election (Un)fairness and Support for Electoral Protest: Reactions to the Russian State Duma Election in 2011

Recent research focuses on electoral authoritarian regimes, which use limited political competition and manipulated elections to enhance legitimacy and maintain incumbent rule. But to what extent and under what conditions do unfair elections enhance or erode support for regime? More specifically, when do unfair elections increase support for electoral protest? To address these questions, I use evidence from the New Russia Barometer nationwide survey, conducted shortly after the 2011 State Duma election that triggered electoral protests. This evidence is complemented by surveys of Muscovites and Moscow protesters. I test the effects of several conditions on support for electoral protest: direct experience of procedural unfairness, perceived decisiveness of procedural violations for election outcomes (substantive unfairness), knowledge of the election observers’ critical assessments, and voting for winners or losers. I conclude with a discussion of implications of perceived election unfairness for protest attitudes. NOTE: Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Midwest Political Science Association annual convention, April 11th-14th, 2013, Chicago, IL and at the pre-APSA Workshop on Electoral Integrity, August 28th, 2013, Chicago, IL.
Computation of Convective Heat Transfer from Micromachined Resonators

The unsteady convective heat transfer for micro-machined resonators used for applications such as biological detection, atomic force microscopy, and micro-manufacturing is simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The heat transfer from a 100 μm wide by 5 μm thick cantilever is computed, with pressures ranging from 20 kPa to 100 kPa, frequencies from 20 x 10 3 s -1 to 500 x 10 3 s -1 , and amplitudes from 0.1 to 1.0 μm. Rarefied gas effects are incorporated through use of a slip boundary condition and thermal jump. Computation of the average convective heat transfer for the resonator shows that the heat transfer is weakly dependent upon the frequency of vibration, and strongly dependent on the pressure and amplitude of vibration.
Genesis of Vaudeville: Two Letters from B. F. Keith

Fourteen typewritten sheets of paper recently discovered in the effects of Robert G. Larsen, Keith's booking manager for Boston, give us Benjamin Franklin Keith's own account of his life and work. Evidently dictated in the leisure of retirement in 1912, two years before his death, these two letters gather together the facts and legends of a self-made man and the institution, Keith Vaudeville, that he had founded twenty-seven years before. One of these documents reminisces over his early travels, trials, and eventual success. The other papers are presumably answers to a number of inquiries by Larsen about the formative years of vaudeville, 1885 to 1900.
Sperm production, output and urinary loss in the rabbit.

SummaryDaily sperm production (DSP) in sexually mature rabbits was estimated to be 40.5 × 106/g of testis parenchyma or 187 × 106/animal. The daily sperm output (DSO) during a collection regimen of 2×/48 hr was 90.2 × 106 sperm/buck, accounting for 48% of the DSP. Up to 70% of DSP was accounted for by ejaculated sperm plus sperm in the urine. When the same group of males was sexually rested for an extended period 82% of the DSP was accounted for in the urine. The sperm unaccounted for may be resorbed or in part result from small errors of estimation. During the period of sexual rest sperm were voided in the urine in a cyclical pattern.In another group of males sexually rested for 36 days only 10% of the DSP was found in urine, indicating that a majority of sperm were resorbed. Thus, resorption of sperm in recently filled epididymides may be greater initially than after prolonged periods of sexual rest.The authors are grateful to Gary Anderson, Dick Cole, Janet Wiebold, Elvira Osirio de Valdivia, Lynne Deu...
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Quality of Life in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.

Importance This study found evidence of a threshold effect in which the presence of bilateral soft drusen and depigmentation of retinal pigment epithelium was associated with substantially low health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult Latinos from the United States. Objective To assess the association of general and vision-specific HRQoL with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), overall and by bilaterality and severity, in adult Latinos. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional, population-based study included 4876 participants from the general urban community in 6 US Census tracts in La Puente, California. The data for these analyses were collected as part of a population-based study of ocular diseases in adult Latinos in the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study from February 1, 2000, through May 31, 2003. The analysis was performed from November 2010 to February 2011. Additional analyses were performed in June 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures Mean-adjusted HRQoL scores and effect sizes. Results Of the 4876 participants included in the analysis, 4402 (90.3%) had no AMD, and 474 (9.7%) had any AMD, with 453 having early (9.3%) and 21 (0.4%) having late stages of the disease. The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 54.8 (10.7) years. Of the 4876 participants, 2001 (41.0%) were male and 2875 (59.0%) were female. In this cohort of Latinos, participants with AMD had lower vision-specific HRQoL scores. General HRQoL was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey and self-reported vision-related HRQoL by the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ-25). Composite NEI-VFQ-25 scores were 59.5 (95% CI, 50.8-68.1) for those with late-stage AMD and 79.4 (95% CI, 72.5-86.1) for those with early-stage AMD, compared with participants without AMD 80.7 (95% CI, 73.9-82.4); P 125 μm in diameter with drusen area ≥196 350 μm 2 ) and depigmentation of retinal pigment epithelium (slope of −19.17 for the NEI-VFQ-25 composite score). Measures of general health, as assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, were not affected in this cohort. Conclusions and Relevance In this study of adult Latinos, early AMD lesions are associated with lower self-reported, vision-specific HRQoL but not general HRQoL. Severity and bilaterality of AMD are associated with measurably lower HRQoL scores, with the largest difference in scores occurring for individuals with both eyes affected. A concatenated approach to incorporate bilateral severity might be more useful and provide better insight into the association of AMD and HRQoL.
APPLICATION OF SEQUENCE CONTROL TECHNIQUE IN POWER PLANT AND DISCUSSION ON COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF SEQUENCE CONTROL TECHNIQUE AND COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM

In this paper some of representative sequence control technology used in imported large thermal power generator units are reviewed. On the basis of a nalyzing the technical features, advantages and shortcomings of several sequence control devices and according to different development levels of the devices an d considering the background under which the devices are developed, some facts a re clarified. Some problems, which belong to sequence control devices themselves and should be improved, are discussed. For applying sequence control technique successfully, it is pointed out that for the designer of a sequence control syst em to truly master the process flow of the controlled object is the most importa nt task. The overall thought of the design should be deepened. The correct devel opment method and environment of application software is the necessary condition for applying the computer in control. A detailed technical manual is an import ant component of a sequence control system. A passel of specialists who are not only accomplished in thermal automation control but also master computer control well are indispensable. Finally, it is suggested that the development of sequen ce control technique should be coordinated to that of computer control technique .
Blunt abdominal trauma in childhood.

Blunt abdominal trauma in childhood is a common clinical occurrence. Accurate assessment requires an understanding of patterns of injury and the response of the child. Repetitive examinations in a comforting environment will yield superior clinical judgment.
The Mechanism of V(D)J Recombination

Abstract During lymphocyte development, the diverse repertoire of functional antigen receptors is created by the process of V(D)J recombination, in which various segments of an antigen receptor locus are brought together by several highly coordinated DNA cleavage and repair steps. In the first phase of this process, double-stranded DNA breaks are generated by the recombinase machinery made up of the lymphocyte lineage-specific proteins recombination-activating gene (RAG) 1 and RAG2, which are aided by the ubiquitously expressed DNA-binding/bending protein high mobility group box protein 1. The second phase of V(D)J recombination, end processing and end joining, involves RAG1 and 2 as well as the DNA-repair proteins of the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. V(D)J recombination is tightly regulated during lymphocyte development, as aberrant V(D)J recombinase activity can lead to chromosomal translocations and genetic instability. In this chapter, we consider in detail what is known about the V(D)J recombination reaction, including the biochemistry of the cleavage reactions, the activities of the RAG proteins, and the regulation of recombination.
LETS ACT: a behavioral activation treatment for substance use and depression

Purpose – Substance use disorders (SUDs) often co-occur with major depressive disorder (MDD), yet treatments targeting this comorbidity are limited, especially in resource-limited settings where individuals with SUDs often receive treatment. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – Based upon principles of reinforcement and behavioral economic models of substance use, as well as the Brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (Lejuez et al., 2011), the Life Enhancement Treatment for Substance Use (LETS ACT) (Daughters et al., 2008) was developed to meet the unique needs of patients with MDD-SUD comorbidity. Findings – This paper presents a summary of the theoretical foundations and key components of LETS ACT. Originality/value – A specific focus on increasing dissemination via the flexible delivery dependent on patient and treatment setting characteristics is provided throughout.
A CFIE-based electromagnetic solver for composite objects

A combined field integral equation (CFIE)-based electromagnetic solver is presented for solving scattering from a composite object. The object is first decomposed into multiple bodies according to its material property. Then the finite element-boundary integral method is applied to model bodies with complicated materials, and the method of moments is employed to model bodies with homogeneous or conducting materials. To couple different bodies, the CFIE is used to formulate the interaction between the bodies. An example of a composite sphere is given to validate the proposed method.
Large-Scale Multi-agent-Based Modeling and Simulation of Microblogging-Based Online Social Network

Online Social Networks (OSN) are self-organized systems with emergent behavior from the individual interactions. Microblogging services in OSN, like Twitter and Facebook, became extremely popular and are being used to target marketing campaigns. Key known issues on this targeting is to be able to predict human behavior like posting, forwarding or replying a message with regard to topics and sentiments, and to analyze the emergent behavior of such actions. To tackle this problem we present a method to model and simulate interactive behavior in microblogging OSN taking into account the users sentiment. We make use of a stochastic multi-agent based approach and we explore Barack Obama’s Twitter network as an egocentric network to present the experimental simulation results. We demonstrate that with this engineering method it is possible to develop social media simulators using a bottom-up approach (micro level) to evaluate the emergent behavior (macro level) and our preliminary results show how to better tune the modeler and the sampling and text classification impact on the simulation model.
Adaptation of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model to Needle Sharing Behaviors and Hepatitis C Risk: A Structural Equation Model

The current study adapts the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of health behavior to injection drug using risk behaviors and risk for Hepatitis C (HCV). Briefly, this model postulates that prevention behaviors are directly influenced by an individual’s knowledge about a disease, their motivation to avoid the disease and their skills and capacity to engage in prevention behaviors, while information and motivation also directly influence behavioral skills. Scales for HCV information, motivation and behavioral skills were included in the New Orleans arm of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) of Injection Drug Use study. A structural equation model was tested on a sample of 108 current injection drug users recruited in December 2012. Results showed good fit of the IMB model. Although participants had high levels of information and knowledge about HCV transmission, information was not found to relate to either behavioral skills or needle sharing. Higher levels of skills were dire...
A gene-within-a-gene Cas9/sgRNA hybrid construct enables gene editing and gene replacement strategies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Abstract Previous studies demonstrated highly inefficient gene editing in C . reinhardtii using conventional Cas9 and sgRNA genes (only 1 editing event using > 1.5 × 10 9 initial cells). Design and testing of a hybrid gene-within-a-gene construct (composed of a Cas9 gene containing an artificial intron with an inserted sgRNA gene) demonstrated that such constructs were functional both in tobacco cells and C . reinhardtii cells. In tests with C . reinhardtii , approximately one in every ~ 3 × 10 7 initial cells contained an edited version of the targeted FKB12 gene (i.e., an average of ~ 3 colonies with an edited FKB12 gene per electroporation using 10 8 initial cells). Lack of an intact Cas9/intron-sgRNA gene in cells carrying either of two different edited genes strongly suggested that editing was due to transient expression of the Cas9/intron-sgRNA gene and the likely toxicity of long-term expression of Cas9 in C . reinhardtii cells. Co-transformation of the arginine-requiring mutant, arg7 - 8 , with Cas9/intron-sgRNA constructs and appropriately designed synthetic, 80 nucleotide ssDNAs complementary to the argininosuccinate lyase ( ARG ) gene led to successful homologous recombination or nucleotide replacement and production of arginine prototrophs. As a practical application, a similar ssDNA oligonucleotide targeting the acetolactate synthase ( ALS ) gene and an appropriate Cas9/intron-sgRNA construct was used to create cells resistant to the herbicide, sulfometuron methyl.
Complex relationships among environmental conditions and bill morphology in a generalist songbird

The selective pressures acting on phenotypes are complex and can vary both spatially and temporally. To elucidate relationships among environmental conditions and selection on a complex morphological trait, we explored spatial and temporal variation in avian bill structure in a common generalist songbird, the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis). We measured bill length, width, and depth, and calculated bill surface area for >800 museum specimens collected in California from 1905 to 1980. We then determined which environmental variables (precipitation, temperature, habitat type) acting over which temporal scales (seasonal, annual, hemi-decadal, decadal) explained variation in these measures of bill morphology. Although we had predicted that relationships between environmental parameters and selection on the bill structure would reflect either foraging ecology or thermoregulatory needs, the patterns that we found were more complex and varied with season and among the different bill traits examined. Temperature was consistently a more important predictor of bill morphology than precipitation, although overall support for temperature was still weak. While bill surface area was related to habitat type, linear measures of bill morphology were related to temperature maxima, minima, and variability. Bill morphology was related to temperature maxima in summer; in contrast, both temperature maxima and minima were supported in winter models. Of the climate variables identified as important in our analyses, support was strongest for the measure of decadal temperature variability. The strong relationship between vegetative community and bill surface area revealed by our analyses as well as the unexpected role of decadal temperature variability indicate that consideration of the large-scale context—ecology and climate—in which complex phenotypic traits occur may reveal important patterns of selection that are not evident from studies of more isolated components of natural systems.
Primary Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effects From Product Yields: Rationale, Implementation, and Interpretation.

Abstract A simple and convenient method is described to determine primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects (1°DKIEs) on reactions where the hydron incorporated into the reaction product is derived from solvent water. The 1°DKIE may be obtained by 1 H NMR analyses as the ratio of the yields of H- and D-labeled products from a reaction in 50:50 (v/v) HOH/DOD. The procedures for these 1 H NMR analyses are reviewed. This product deuterium isotope effect (PDIE) is defined as 1/ ϕ EL for fractionation of hydrons between solvent and the transition state for the reaction examined. When the solvent is not the direct hydron donor, it is necessary to correct the PDIE for the fractionation factor ϕ EL for partitioning of the hydron between the solvent and the direct donor EL. This method was used to determine the 1°DKIE on decarboxylation reactions catalyzed by wild-type orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC) and by mutants of OMPDC, and then in the determination of the 1°DKIE on the decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by 5-carboxyvanillate decarboxylase. The experimental procedures used in studies on OMPDC and the rationale for these procedures are described.
Active Managers are Skilled: On Average, They Add More Than $3 Million Per Year

Active fund managers are skilled and, on average, have used their skill to generate about $3.2 million per year. Large cross-sectional differences in skill persist for as long as 10 years. Investors recognize this skill and reward it by investing more capital in funds managed by better managers. These funds earn higher aggregate fees, and a strong positive correlation exists between current compensation and future performance.
Evaluation of Traffic Density Parameters as an Indicator of Vehicle Emission-Related Near-Road Air Pollution: A Case Study with NEXUS Measurement Data on Black Carbon

An important factor in evaluating health risk of near-road air pollution is to accurately estimate the traffic-related vehicle emission of air pollutants. Inclusion of traffic parameters such as road length/area, distance to roads, and traffic volume/intensity into models such as land use regression (LUR) models has improved exposure estimation. To better understand the relationship between vehicle emissions and near-road air pollution, we evaluated three traffic density-based indices: Major-Road Density (MRD), All-Traffic Density (ATD) and Heavy-Traffic Density (HTD) which represent the proportions of major roads, major road with annual average daily traffic (AADT), and major road with commercial annual average daily traffic (CAADT) in a buffered area, respectively. We evaluated the potential of these indices as vehicle emission-specific near-road air pollutant indicators by analyzing their correlation with black carbon (BC), a marker for mobile source air pollutants, using measurement data obtained from the Near-road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS). The average BC concentrations during a day showed variations consistent with changes in traffic volume which were classified into high, medium, and low for the morning rush hours, the evening rush hours, and the rest of the day, respectively. The average correlation coefficients between BC concentrations and MRD, ATD, and HTD, were 0.26, 0.18, and 0.48, respectively, as compared with -0.31 and 0.25 for two commonly used traffic indicators: nearest distance to a major road and total length of the major road. HTD, which includes only heavy-duty diesel vehicles in its traffic count, gives statistically significant correlation coefficients for all near-road distances (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 m) that were analyzed. Generalized linear model (GLM) analyses show that season, traffic volume, HTD, and distance from major roads are highly related to BC measurements. Our analyses indicate that traffic density parameters may be more specific indicators of near-road BC concentrations for health risk studies. HTD is the best index for reflecting near-road BC concentrations which are influenced mainly by the emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines.
Abstract 16647: Implantation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device: A Comparison of TEE-Guidance vs ICE-Guidance

Background: High-risk patients with atrial fibrillation that are poor candidates for long-term oral anticoagulation are candidates for LAA occlusion with the Watchman device. Transesophageal echoca...
Treatment of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a diverse group of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas presenting as skin lesions containing malignant, skin-homing T cells. Mycosis fungoides (MF) and the leukemic variant, Sezary Syndrome (SS), are the most common CTCLs and the main focus of this chapter. Skin-directed therapy is sufficient for early patch/plaque MF which may remain indolent for many years. Biological response modifiers and phototherapy are added for SS, and for refractory or progressive MF. Experimental agents that block key pathways and targeted therapies are under development and will provide more options.
Sunday afternoon social capital: an ethnographic study of the Southern City Jets Club

Research question: In this study, the authors use social identity and social capital theories to examine how identity forms within communities of displaced sport fans, and how that sense of identity leads to a manifestation of social capital for the participants.Research methods: To answer this question, the principal investigator conducted an ethnographic study with a fan group, over the course of two NFL (National Football League) seasons. She became a member of a small community of New York Jets fans in the southern US that has met in various sports bars throughout the mid-sized city for two decades. Its members are bound together by shared identity as Jets fans, New Yorkers and as members of the club itself.Results/findings: The authors found that the social identity of group members evolved, shifted and led to the development of social capital. It appeared that when the primary focal point of identity shifted from the Jets to the group itself, social capital would manifest itself, and as a co...
Single-parenting and intimacy

This article presents the findings from in-depth interviews with 38 single parents of both sexes with respect to the adult, nonparenting component of their lifestyles. Autonomy, sexual constraints, intrarole conflicts, intimacy, and institutional supports are discussed from an interactionist perspective. Emphasis is given to how traditional gender roles restrict or facilitate intimacy for single parents. An emerging theme is that while gender roles are more restrictive of female parents with respect to meeting sexual needs, they are perhaps more oppressive of fathers when the broader notion of intimacy as an affective support system is examined.
Heterosis in Plants

Heterosis is the phenomenon in which hybrids between inbred individuals exhibit increased biomass, fertility, and other characteristics that exceed the better parent. It has been used in plant breeding in order to increase the yield of many crops. Despite this impact in agriculture, its genetic and molecular basis has eluded a consensus explanation. A summary of biological and genetic parameters of heterosis is presented here. Further pursuit of an understanding of the genetic and molecular aspects of heterosis might lead to the ability to manipulate it for crop production.
Graft Copolymers of Amino Acids onto Natural and Synthetic Polymers

By analogy with natural chitin-protein complexes, grafting of amino acids to natural polymers produces biodegradable biocomposites. The literature on grafting amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) to proteins, natural polymers and vinyl polymers is reviewed. Macroinitiators with primary amino substituents were synthesized by one of the following techniques: (a) cyanoethylation of cellulose followed by reduction to produce aminopropylcellulose [1], and (b) phthalimidation followed by hydrazinolysis to yield amino-methyl poly(arylene ether sulfone) [3]. Heterogeneous grafting of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) [8] to polymer [1] resulted in non-random distribution of amino acid residues; a-helical conformations were detected at low BLG-NCA/NH2 ratios ( 80%) were achieved. Polypeptides grafted to polymer [3] appeared to adopt the expected conformation for the chain length predicted by the BLG-NCA/NH2 ratio. The benzyl ester functions on the BLG grafts are subject to direct modification with amine nucleophiles; studies with butylamine correlate reaction conditions with extent of ester vs. peptide cleavage. In the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, aminolysis of the ester is favored and conversions to γ-amides up to 75% are achieved.
β-Branched Amino Acids Stabilize Specific Conformations of Cyclic Hexapeptides.

Abstract Cyclic peptides (CPs) are a promising class of molecules for drug development, particularly as inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Predicting low-energy structures and global structural ensembles of individual CPs is critical for the design of bioactive molecules, but these are challenging to predict and difficult to verify experimentally. In our previous work, we used explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling methods to predict the global structural ensembles of cyclic hexapeptides containing different permutations of glycine, alanine, and valine. One peptide, cyclo-(VVGGVG) or P7, was predicted to be unusually well structured. In this work, we synthesized P7, along with a less well-structured control peptide, cyclo-(VVGVGG) or P6, and characterized their global structural ensembles in water using NMR spectroscopy. The NMR data revealed a structural ensemble similar to the prediction for P7 and showed that P6 was indeed much less well-structured than P7. We then simulated and experimentally characterized the global structural ensembles of several P7 analogs and discovered that β-branching at one critical position within P7 is important for overall structural stability. The simulations allowed deconvolution of thermodynamic factors that underlie this structural stabilization. Overall, the excellent correlation between simulation and experimental data indicates that our simulation platform will be a promising approach for designing well-structured CPs and also for understanding the complex interactions that control the conformations of constrained peptides and other macrocycles.
Assessing programming education approaches for college beginners with different backgrounds

In this paper, we examine the impact of Lego Mindstorms EV3 as a programming learning resource for undergraduate students with different backgrounds. One of the objectives of programming is to improve learners' problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Active class participation is a crucial part of improving programming learning outcomes. This study aims to expose undergraduate students from different disciplines to a series of programming projects and competitions based on Lego go Mindstorms EV3 and examines if these experiences increase their interest in programming. Our analysis results show that these activities can inspire students from various backgrounds to become more interested in programming learning and have a significant impact on quality of programming education.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY TRACK IN THE FOURTH YEAR CURRICULUM

Introduction The field of geriatric psychiatry is a growing field with a need for providers increasing as well. Due to this, we have implemented a "geriatric psychiatry track" into the fourth year curriculum in our program which was piloted this year for the first time. This innovative track allowed for more in depth-training in the geriatric field for a resident who will not be pursuing a geriatric psychiatry fellowship. We feel that though fellowship may not be the decided path for some residents, there should still be the option for increased training for treating the geriatric population which will become important in their future careers. I was such a resident in our program and in working with Dr. Garcia-Pittman, we created this track which we feel will be a beneficial option in other programs as well. Methods This poster will discuss the track we created and its implementation. Results N/A Conclusions Having more robust geriatric psychiatric training in the general adult residency program can be a very beneficial option for residents. Most residents who will be practicing adult psychiatry in any setting will very likely treat geriatric patients and this knowledge background will be important to provide good care. In addition, with the geriatric population ever-growing, they may not all be seen by board-certified geriatric psychiatry and thus it is additionally important to have general adult psychiatrist be knowledgeable in the care of this population. This research was funded by N/A
A comparative evaluation of Aura-OMI and SKYNET near-UV single-scattering albedo products

Abstract. The aerosol single-scattering albedo (SSA) retrieved by the near-UV algorithm applied to the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurements (OMAERUV) is compared with an independent inversion product derived from the sky radiometer network SKYNET – a ground-based radiation observation network with sites in Asia and Europe. The present work continues previous efforts to evaluate the consistency between the retrieved SSA from satellite and ground sensors. The automated spectral measurements of direct downwelling solar flux and sky radiances made by the SKYNET Sun-sky radiometer are used as input to an inversion algorithm that derives spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single-scattering albedo (SSA) in the near-UV to near-IR spectral range. The availability of SKYNET SSA measurements in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum allows, for the first time, a direct comparison with OMI SSA retrievals eliminating the need of extrapolating the satellite retrievals to the visible wavelengths as is the case in the evaluation against the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). An analysis of the collocated retrievals from over 25 SKYNET sites reveals that about 61 % (84 %) of OMI–SKYNET matchups agree within the absolute difference of ±0.03 ( ±0.05 ) for carbonaceous aerosols, 50 % (72 %) for dust aerosols, and 45 % (75 %) for urban–industrial aerosol types. Regionally, the agreement between the two inversion products is robust over several sites in Japan influenced by carbonaceous and urban–industrial aerosols; at the biomass burning site Phimai in Thailand; and the polluted urban site in New Delhi, India. The collocated dataset yields fewer matchups identified as dust aerosols mostly over the site Dunhuang with more than half of the matchup points confined to within ±0.03 limits. Altogether, the OMI–SKYNET retrievals agree within ±0.03 when SKYNET AOD (388 or 400 nm) is larger than 0.5 and the OMI UV Aerosol Index is larger than 0.2. The remaining uncertainties in both inversion products can be attributed to specific assumptions made in the retrieval algorithms, i.e., the uncertain calibration constant, assumption of spectral surface albedo and particle shape, and subpixel cloud contamination. The assumption of fixed and spectrally neutral surface albedo (0.1) in the SKYNET inversion appears to be unrealistic, leading to underestimated SSA, especially under lower aerosol load conditions. At higher AOD values for carbonaceous and dust aerosols, however, retrieved SSA values by the two independent inversion methods are generally consistent in spite of the differences in retrieval approaches.
Terrestrial systems of the Arctic as a model for growth and survival at low temperatures

Abstract The Arctic is a natural model for the examination of the growth and survival of microorganisms at low temperatures under a variety of conditions. Long-term exposure to low temperatures occurs in permafrost, which remain frozen, while short-term exposures occur in surface soils. While united by low temperatures, the heterogeneity of abiotic factors results in a high diversity of terrestrial habitats. In this chapter, the abiotic factors of terrestrial Arctic habitats that affect the biogeochemistry, microbial communities, and microorganisms that grow and survive there are examined. Not surprisingly, trends seen in the biogeochemistry of Arctic soils (a mosaic of site-specific conditions and vertical layers) are also found in the microbial communities. How the additional constraints of permafrost influence microorganisms and the potential impacts of warming are reviewed. Furthermore, the adaptations and processes best examined and modeled by microbial communities in terrestrial systems of the Arctic are discussed.
Eicosapolyenoic fatty acids alter oxylipin gene expression and fatty acid hydroperoxide profiles in tomato and pepper roots

Abstract Eicosapolyenoic fatty acids (EP), such as arachidonic acid (AA), are abundant in oomycetes and can serve as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to elicit host defense responses. Solanaceous plants have multiple enzymes that convert EP into biologically active oxylipins. We evaluated expression of genes involved in oxylipin production in tomato and pepper seedlings with roots treated with AA and in tomato seedlings inoculated with Phytophthora capsici. AA treatment of tomato and pepper roots significantly increased expression of 9-lipoxygenase (9-LOX), 9-divinyl ether synthase (9-DES), α-dioxygenase (α-DOX), 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX), and 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS), with 9-DES and α-DOX having the largest increases in expression. A similar pattern of expression was observed for 9-LOX, 9-DES, and α-DOX in tomato roots inoculated with P. capsici. Expression of 13-LOX and 13-AOS in tomato roots inoculated with P. capsici did not consistently follow the pattern observed in AA-treated tomato and pepper roots. AA treatment of tomato roots increased production of 9-LOX products of LA and AA, with no change in 13-LOX products of LA. These results implicate the 9-oxylipin and α-dioxygenase pathways in EP signal-response coupling, and establish that the EP response in tomato and pepper roots, generally the primary site of attack by soil-borne oomycetes, parallels that in other vegetative organs of potato and tomato.
STUDY ON COMPRESSION WAVE PARAMETERS IN CONSTRUCTION UNDER CHEMICAL SHOCK WAVE ATTACK

Based on the aerodynamics theory,the process of compressible gas behind the shock wave front flow through wall orifice is analyzed and the calculation method of internal average pressure is put forward,under an external chemical explosion condition.For brick masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame structures,the failure characteristics of exterior wall and the flying process of its fragments under internal and external pressure are studied.The calculation method of internal compression wave parameters is obtained and its efficiency is verified by the published experimental data.The influence of shock wave overpressure,orifice area and wall thickness on the internal rise time are analyzed by computational examples.The results show that in opening chambers,the internal rise time decreases as the orifice area increases.In close chambers,when the exterior wall failure happens,the internal rise time decreases with the decrease of wall thickness and the increase of external overpressure.
New insight into fluid bolus resuscitation in pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock

Early recognition and treatment of pediatric septic shock is key strategy to improve prognosis and reduce the mortality, yet controversy still surrounds the current fluid therapy approach. Recently, the results of the Fluid Expansion as Supportive Therapy (FEAST) trial in African children with severe febrile and hypoperfusion illnesses challenge many established principles about pediatric fluid resuscitation, and lead to intense discussion. This review is to describe the current fluid supportive therapy and possible potential mechanisms of increased death associated with bolus resuscitation. Key words: FEAST trial; Fluid resuscitation; Sepsis; Septic shock; Children
[Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) : Epidemiology, cardiac and other risk factors].

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is one of the most frequent epilepsy-related causes of death. The incidence of SUDEP is estimated to be approximately 1.2/1000 person-years (PY); however, it varies considerably depending on disease-specific and demographic factors. The estimated incidence of SUDEP in children seems to be significantly lower (0.22/1000 PY) than in adults but recent studies in children (>12 years) indicated a similar incidence to that of adults. Based on these estimations, approximately 700 SUDEP cases would be expected in Germany annually but no reliable data or epidemiological studies on SUDEP are available. Various risk factors and predictors for SUDEP have been investigated, e.g. age, seizure frequency, number of antiepileptic drugs, non-compliance and comorbidities, with sometimes contradictory results. This is understandable given that the exact mechanisms of SUDEP are unclear; however, it is very likely that the frequency of (nocturnal) generalized tonic-clonic seizures is the most important risk factor. Nocturnal monitoring of seizures (using devices) or the presence of another person at night may represent important factors to reduce the risk of SUDEP. Thus, seizure control and seizure monitoring are, according to current knowledge, the most important factors to avoid SUDEP. Some recent studies have contributed to a better understanding of possible pathomechanisms of SUDEP; however, further research is needed to identify predictive clinical factors and biomarkers and in particular to prevent SUDEP.
Elastic medium containing interacting fluid inclusions

Abstract We extend the Eshelby’s (equivalent) inclusion method to consider ellipsoidal volumes occupied by fluids of limited compressibility. The new method decomposes the problem into two parts – a stress free transformation problem, and a volume compatibility problem. Implemented in an open source computer code, Esh3D, the new method allows one to model interacting and fluid–solid mixed inclusions in whole and truncated spaces. We verify the new method against finite element (FE) method, showing it to be accurate and efficient.
Validation of the Trust in the Surgical Decision Scale.

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a short measure of trust in the surgical decision making process. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Having a reliable and valid measure of trust is important to assess the quality of the patient-surgeon relationship when decisions about surgical procedures are made. METHODS A previously published 10-item trust scale was qualitatively tested with patients, and a revised set of 14 items was tested using a web-based survey of 300 people who had hip, knee or back surgery in the past 2 years. The 14 items were evaluated using patterns of correlations and relevance to medical decision making to create a 5-item version. A 5-item subset was compared to the 14-item version to assess reliability and validity of patient's trust in the surgical decision making process. RESULTS Of the 300 participants, 32% had hip surgery, 33% had knee surgery, and 34% back surgery. Mean age was 53 years, 45% female, 80% White, and 36% had a high school degree or less. The item intercorrelations for the 14 items were 0.43-0.72 and 0.58-0.71 for the 5 items. Correlation between the versions was 0.96 (P < 0.01). The 14- and 5-item versions were positively correlated with participants' shared decision making process scores (0.42 and 0.41, both P = 0.01), internal consistency reliability scores were 0.95 and 0.89, respectively, and were negatively correlated with their Decision Regret scores (-0.51 and -0.48, both P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The 5-item Trust in the Surgical Decision Scale has strong evidence of validity and reliability for patients who underwent common orthopedic procedures.
Leveraging the antiviral type I interferon system as a first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity.

The emergence and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant global morbidity, mortality, and societal disruption. A better understanding of virus-host interactions may potentiate therapeutic insights toward limiting this infection. Here we investigated the dynamics of the systemic response to SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters by histological analysis and transcriptional profiling. Infection resulted in consistently high levels of virus in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and sporadic occurrence in other distal tissues. A longitudinal cohort revealed a wave of inflammation, including a type I interferon (IFN-I) response, that was evident in all tissues regardless of viral presence but was insufficient to prevent disease progression. Bolstering the antiviral response with intranasal administration of recombinant IFN-I reduced viral disease, prevented transmission, and lowered inflammation in vivo. This study defines the systemic host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and supports use of intranasal IFN-I as an effective means of early treatment.
Passive Nonreciprocity in a System of Asymmetrical Rotational Oscillators

In this paper we investigate an elastically linked, nonlinear, in-plane rotator system and experimentally study its nonreciprocal impulse response. The nonlinearity of the system arises from the angled elastic linkage in rotational motion. A chain of rotators coupled with such linkages reaches an acoustic vacuum when the pretension of the elastic links vanish, leading to large nonlinearity tunable via small pretension. Using an analytical model and experimental exploration, we observe a broadband nonreciprocity in a weakly pretensioned, asymmetric, three-rotator system. In addition, we use a nonlinear normal-mode (NNM) analysis, capturing the main qualitative dynamics of the response, to explain the observed nonreciprocity mechanism. The analysis shows that equal applied impulses, combined with energy-dependent frequency and mode shapes, result in robust nonreciprocity features, contrary to the reciprocal response present in the linear counterpart of this system.
Glucose Availability Affects Extracellular Matrix Synthesis During Chondrogenesis In Vitro.

Understanding in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is important as it holds great promise for cartilage tissue engineering and other applications. However, the end tissue...
Come Again? Re-Query in Referring Expression Comprehension.

To build a shared perception of the world, humans rely on the ability to resolve misunderstandings by requesting and accepting clarifications. However, when evaluating visiolinguistic models, metrics such as accuracy enforce the assumption that a decision must be made based on a single piece of evidence. In this work, we relax this assumption for the task of referring expression comprehension by allowing the model to request help when its confidence is low. We consider two ways in which this help can be provided: multimodal re-query, where the user is allowed to point or click to provide additional information to the model, and rephrase re-query, where the user is only allowed to provide another referring expression. We demonstrate the importance of re-query by showing that providing the best referring expression for all objects can increase accuracy by up to 21.9% and that this accuracy can be matched by re-querying only 12% of initial referring expressions. We further evaluate re-query functions for both multimodal and rephrase re-query across three modern approaches and demonstrate combined replacement for rephrase re-query, which improves average single-query performance by up to 6.5% and converges to as close as 1.6% of the upper bound of single-query performance.