cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Vegf downregulation in carcinogen-induced lung tumors from transgenic mice overexpressing human HGF in the small airways

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 2085 The Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) /c-Met signaling pathway is an important mediator of growth in human non-small cell lung tumors. Elevated HGF expression is an independent negative prognostic indicator of survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. To create a murine model of lung adenocarcinoma with elevated HGF expression, we have generated carcinogen-induced tumors from transgenic mice overexpressing human HGF in the small airways and compared their gene expression profiles to tumors generated in wild-type mice. HGF transgenic and wild-type mice were exposed to the tobacco carcinogen, nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), or saline and sacrificed 10-38 weeks after exposure. We have previously documented that the HGF transgenic mice develop more lung tumors compared to controls. To analyze which genes may be modulated by HGF overexpression, RNA and protein were isolated from individual tumors from transgenic and wild-type mice. We profiled the expression of 113 genes representative of six biological pathways involved in transformation and tumorigenesis using a commercial microarray (Oligo GEArray Cancer Pathway Finder). We found more than a 1.5 -fold decrease in the expression of Tie2, Mmp-2, Timp-1, Vegf-a, and Vegf-d / Figf, and no genes were consistently upregulated using a 1.5-fold boundary. Further experiments using the Oligo GEArray Mouse Angiogenesis Microarray testing for the expression of 113 key genes involved in modulating angiogenesis, confirmed the decrease in the expression of Mmp-2, Timp-1, Vegf-a, and Vegf-d / Figf, as well as Vegf receptor-1 / Flt1, Angpt2, Angpt14, Csf3, Efnb2, Notch4, Sphk1, Tbx1, Tek, Timp2 and Timp3. Western analysis from tumor protein confirmed only the decrease in Vegf-a, and Vegf-d / Figf, but not of Mmp-2 and Tie2. These results suggest that overexpression of HGF could lead to down-modulation of the Vegf pathway. HGF is known to stimulate angiogenesis, and there was excess production of blood vesselsin the lungs of 38% of the transgenic animals compared with <5% of wild-typelittermates. This suggests that angiogenesis produced by HGF/c-Met pathway activation may occur through a VEGF-independent pathway. Over-expression of the HGF/c-Met pathway may also result in down-regulation of the VEGF pathway. This may confer resistance to anti-VEGF therapies currently being tested in several types of cancer. The HGF transgenic animal model could be used to examine agents that selectively inhibit angiogenesis via VEGF- dependent and -independent pathways. This work was supported by NIH grant CA79882.
Telemodernities: television and transforming lives in Asia

In 1991, Star TV’s groundbreaking satellite broadcasts helped initiate dramatic shifts in the media landscape of many Asian countries, and became implicated in broader processes of social and cultu...
Justifying Basic Belief Forming Processes

Reliabilist accounts of epistemic justification have come under heavy attack: it has been claimed that it is impossible to establish the reliability of certain basic belief producing processes (like, e.g. perception or memory) in a noncircular way. From this it has been concluded without further ado that the belief in the reliability of such basic processes cannot be justified. In this paper I shall concede that the reliability of certain basic belief producing processes cannot be established in a noncircular fashion, but I shall argue that the circularity involved is not vicious and therefore does not prevent us from having justified beliefs about the reliability of basic belief producing processes.
Caregivers’ abuse stigmatization and their views of mental health treatment following child sexual abuse

Many families do not utilize mental health services after the discovery of child sexual abuse (CSA), even when trauma-focused treatments are offered at low or no cost. Non-offending caregivers frequently serve as gatekeepers to youths' treatment, and their reactions to CSA may figure into decisions about treatment engagement. The current study examined caregivers' abuse stigmatization (i.e., self-blame and shame about their children's CSA) and associations with two factors predictive of treatment engagement (motivation, obstacles). Participants were recruited from a Child Advocacy Center where they received forensic interviews and were offered services following CSA discovery. Participating caregiver-child dyads included 52 non-offending caregivers (83% biological parents) and their children (69% girls; Mage=10.94, SDage=2.62). Caregiver abuse stigmatization was associated with higher motivation for treatment but also more obstacles to treatment. Further, abuse stigmatization moderated associations between children's PTSD symptoms and perceived obstacles to treatment with medium effect sizes (M f2=0.287). Among caregivers experiencing high abuse stigmatization, greater child PTSD symptoms were associated with more obstacles to treatment. Among caregivers experiencing low stigmatization, child PTSD was either associated with fewer treatment obstacles or was unrelated to treatment obstacles. Results highlight the potential significance of reducing parents' abuse stigmatization for increasing mental health service utilization following CSA discovery, especially for more symptomatic youth.
Metaphor and metonymy in advertising: Building viewpoint in multimodal multi-space blends

Abstract Video advertisements often involve metonymy and metaphor as major aspects of their structure. A complex multimodal ad's meaning, however, lies not just in individual metaphoric mappings or metonymic structures, but in the interrelationship between multiple mappings and mental spaces – that is, in the mental space network built up by the ad. Skilled creators of ads, in some respects like skilled poets, involve their audiences by prompting active network construction from implicitly as well as explicitly evoked inputs. Since input frames typically involve viewpoint, their viewpoint structures also participate in the broader network's structure – sometimes in important though inexplicit ways.
A direct dynamics study of the deprotonated guanine·cytosine base pair: intra-base pair proton transfer, thermal dissociation vs. collision-induced dissociation, and comparison with experiment.

Direct dynamics trajectories were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory to examine the intra-base pair proton transfer and dissociation of the deprotonated guanine (G)·cytosine (C) base pair under different excitation conditions, and to explore the origin of the nonstatistical product branching reported in a collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiment (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18, 32222). Trajectories for thermal excitation were initiated at two major conformers G·[C–H]− (hydrogen-bonded guanine and N1-deprotonated cytosine) and G·[C–H]−_PT (formed by proton transfer from the N1 of guanine to the N3 of deprotonated cytosine), and at their transition state (TS). Thermal excitation was realized by sampling molecular vibrational levels and TS's reaction coordinate energy with Boltzmann distributions at temperatures of 960 and 1330 K, which correspond to classical energies of 3.0 and 5.0 eV, respectively. Thermally excited trajectories undergo intra-base pair proton transfer extensively. The resulting conformation scrambling leads to nearly equal branching between the dissociation channels of [G–H]− + C and G + [C–H]−. Collisions of G·[C–H]− and G·[C–H]−_PT with Ar were each simulated at collision energies of 3.0 and 5.0 eV, respectively. The probability for intra-base pair proton transfer decreases substantially in collision trajectories. The CID product branching calculated on the basis of the population-weighted trajectory results of G·[C–H]− and G·[C–H]−_PT reveals a strong preference for [G–H]− + C, consistent with the experiment. Trajectory analysis corroborates that nonstatistical CID is attributed to inadequate conformation interconversion during collisional activation, and to the faster dissociation of the G·[C–H]−_PT conformer albeit G·[C–H]−_PT has nearly the same translational-to-vibrational energy transfer as G·[C–H]−.
Development of an on-chip detection of Zika virus and antibodies simultaneously using array of nanowells

Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are an emerging health pandemic of significant medical importance. ZIKV appeared recently in the Americas from Africa via the South Pacific. The current outbreak has garnered attention by exhibiting unique characteristics of devastating neurodevelopmental defects in newborns of infected pregnant women. Current guidelines for ZIKV diagnostics developed by the Center of Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) consist of nucleic acid testing, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and a serologic test for IgM detection. To better accommodate and comply with these guidelines, we developed a simultaneous on-chip detection of ZIKV and anti-ZIKV antibodies using an array of nanowells. Using on-chip microengraving, we were able to detect anti-ZIKV antibodies and their immunoglobulin isotypes. In parallel, applying on-chip real-time PCR with epifluorescence microscopy, we were able to quantify ZIKV viral load as low as one copy. To test clinical samples of patients at the post-convalescent stage, we analyzed samples from 8 patients. The on-chip nanowells could effectively identify antibodies that reacted against ZIKV envelope protein and their isotypes with high sensitivity and specificity. The small sample requirement with high specificity and sensitivity and combined molecular and serological tests could potentially be very advantageous and beneficial in accurate detection of Zika infection for better disease monitoring and management.
Computational Hermissenda Photoarray Model

Some of the simpler invertebrates demonstrate robust and efficient features of sensory information processing, integration, and motor control. Development and analysis of computer models of the essential neural mechanisms leading to these capabilities elucidate design principles for flexible man-made remote sensing, vision, and control systems. The marine snail, Hermissenda crassicornis, is ideal for study and modeling of biological computing mechanisms because the connectivity of its visual and vestibular neuronal network has been determined in considerable detail. To extract principles of sensory integration, a computer model of the photoarray in a single Hermissenda eye is developed and analyzed. This model demonstrates 1) information processing capabilities observed in Hermissenda’s visual sensors, and 2) the importance of heterogeneity in the efficient and robust operation of biological networks.
Overuse and underuse of pegfilgrastim for primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia.

IntroductionGuidelines recommend pegfilgrastim for primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia after highly myelosuppressive chemotherapy. While deviations from guidelines could result in overuse an...
3D printed electronic materials and devices

Abstract 3D printing of functional materials and devices is an emerging technology which may facilitate a higher degree of freedom in the fabrication of electronic devices in terms of material selection, 3D device form factor, morphology of target surfaces, and autonomy. This chapter discusses 3D printed electronics from the perspective of ink properties and device fabrication, including light-emitting diodes, tactile sensors and wireless powering. In combination with the progress in 3D structured light scanning, advances in computer vision, and commercial trends toward miniaturization, the prospect of autonomous, compact and portable 3D printers for electronic materials is discussed. Because the performance of 3D printed electronics is sensitively influenced by the homogeneity of printed layers, an understanding of fluid mechanics may enhance the quality of the printing and thus the performance of the resulting devices. Lastly, in order to create conformal contact between 3D printed electronics and the human body, an understanding of interfacial mechanics for 3D printed devices is suggested.
Interobserver and Intra-Observer Reliability of the Urinary Tract Dilation Classification System in Neonates: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose:The Urinary Tract Dilation classification system was designed to be more objective and reproducible than currently available grading systems. We evaluated the reliability and consistency of...
Lipase mediated resolution of chiral (E)-vinylsilanes: an improved procedure for the production of (R)- and (S)-(E)-1-trialkylsilyl-1-buten-3-ol derivatives

Abstract A crude enzymic extract of Pseudomonas AK in pentane catalyzes the transesterification of chiral (E)-vinylsilanes 1 , resulting in the production of highly enantiomerically enriched ( R )- and ( S )-(E)-1-trialkylsilyl-1-buten-3-ol derivatives ( S )- 2 and ( R )- 3 . A series of related vinylsilanes and two-different lipases have been screened to identify optimal reaction conditions.
Homesteading City Streets: An Exercise in Managerial Theory

Privatizing all goods and services will satisfy consumers far more effectively than allowing their management to remain in the hands of the state, under socialist provision. If we have learned one thing from the fall of the economic system of the USSR, it is that. More controversially, city streets are no exception to this general rule. They, too, can be mismanaged by the municipal government or run more efficiently through the institutions of private property and competition. What society needs is a system wherein entrepreneurs are rewarded for promoting consumer sovereignty and penalized for failing to satisfy customers. The ballot box vote is perhaps aimed in this general direction, but it is cumbersome: elections occur only every four years, and the electorate is usually given a choice between only two or three options. In very sharp contrast, the “dollar vote” occurs every day and can be focused in great detail upon choices at the micro level; it can distinguish between flavors of ice cream and colors of shirts. It can also reward and penalize individual street owners, tending to guarantee better performance on their part.
Can glycine betaine denature proteins

Glycine betaine (GB) is a naturally occurring osmolyte that has been widely recognized as a protein protectant. Since GB consists of a methylated ammonium moiety, it can engage in strong cation-π interactions with aromatic amino acid sidechains. We hypothesize that such specific binding interactions would allow GB to decrease the stability of proteins that are predominantly stabilized by a cluster of aromatic amino acids. To test this hypothesis, we investigate the effect of GB on the stability of two β-hairpins (or mini-proteins) that contain such a cluster. We find that for both systems the stability of the folded state first decreases and then increases with increasing GB concentration. Such non-monotonic dependence not only confirms that GB can act as a protein denaturant, but also underscores the complex interplay between GB's stabilizing and destabilizing forces toward a given protein. While stabilizing osmolytes all have the tendency to be excluded from the protein surface which is the action underlying their stabilizing effect, our results suggest that in order to quantitatively assess the effect of GB on the stability of any given protein, specific cation-π binding interactions need to be explicitly considered. Moreover, our results show, consistent with other studies, that cation methylation can strengthen the respective cation-π interactions. Taken together, these findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which amino acid-based osmolytes interact with proteins.
Assessing potential overlap between self-control and psychopathy: A consideration of the Grasmick self-control scale and the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale

Abstract The current work assesses overlap between self-control and psychopathy with a focus on the Grasmick et al. (1993) self-control scale (gscs) and the levenson et al. (1995) self-report psychopathy scale (lsrps). using a sample of undergraduates analyses found the association between the elements of self-control and psychopathy factors was stronger than the association among the elements self-control themselves. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses found that factors emerging from the pooled set of gscs and lsrps items typically included items from both the gscs and the lsrps. Factors with items from both scales were identified as angry hostility, simple tasks, callousness, impulsivity, and narcissism. in contrast, empathy and egocentricity were unique to the lsrps, and physical activity was unique to the gscs. Results indicate that efforts to specify the relative contribution of self-control and psychopathy to criminal propensity should be careful to establish the independence of measures of the respective constructs.
Regional differences in cholesterol content of aorta in response to experimental coarctation in spontaneously atherosclerosis-susceptible pigeons

The effect of experimental coarctation of the aorta at a site above the coeliac bifurcation (site of occurance of spontaneous atherosclerotic lesions) in White Carneau pigeons was examined. Cholesterol content of the aorta in the site where spontaneous atherosclerosis usually occurs (coeliac bifurcation=lesion site) was decreased in pigeons with aortic coarctation. On the other hand, in the region proximal to the site of coarctation which is usually free of atherosclerotic events cholesterol accumulation was increased. A decrease in percent composition of oleic acid (the major fatty acid which increases during atherosclerosis) was noted in the lesion site. These studies have shown regional differences in response of aorta to experimental coarctation in spontaneously atherosclerotic-susceptible pigeons and suggest that lowering of blood pressure at lesion site might decrease cholesterol accumulation and perhaps might retard subsequent atherogenic process.
Néron Functions on Abelian Varieties

On an arbitrary variety, a Weil function associated to a divisor is defined only up to a bounded function. On abelian varieties, Neron showed how to define a function more canonically, up to a constant function. This chapter develops Neron’s results, but in §1 we shall prove existence by a method due to Tate, which is much simpler than Neron’s original construction, and is the analogue of Tate’s limit procedure for the height.
WE-EF-204-00: The Joint AAPM-WMIS Symposium: Linking Pre-Clinical and Clinical Trials: Co-Clinical Trials

As molecular biology breakthroughs in understanding cancers and other diseases, hundreds of new drugs wait testing. In the last decade, mouse models have been evolved to better mimic human diseases genetically and biologically. These reliable mouse models allow us to determine which genetic elements, pathways and mutations impact on therapy. The co-clinical trial strategy is to conduct a human clinical trial for a therapeutic drug and test it in mouse models at the same time. This strategy has the potential to accelerate the drug testing process and identify the patient population that will respond to the drug. Imaging plays an important role in co-clinical trials. In this symposium, four speakers will discuss advancements and issues in pre-clinical imaging, murine models, imaging hardware and software, and funding opportunities in co-clinical trials. Learning Objectives: 1. Multi-modality pre-clinical imaging hardware and software, and new technologies (e.g., hyperpolarized MRI) 2. Selection of animal models from physiological and genetic perspectives with examples in colon, pancreatic and lung cancers 3. NCI funding opportunities
Rambling with Zhuangzi: Imagination and Spontaneity for Public Administration and Governance

Taoism has been traditionally excluded in political and adminis trative discussions. This paper attempts to look at public admini stration and governance from a Taoist perspective by exploring the world created by the great Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi JEli-F in his book Zhuangzi ((E$i-F)) . The discussion is con ducted based on Zhuangzi's skeptical attitude toward language, his unusually imaginative use of language and his idea of sponta neity. It emphasizes that public administration thinking and prac tice should reject the mere focus on instrumental rationality. Post-traditional governance includes the ideas that public ad ministration should embrace imagination, openness and uncer tainty. It should switch from hierarchical management and con trol to facilitation and coordination, focusing on liberating individuals' potential and letting them "find their own delight." Now I live a carefree life between the heaven and the earth; I am content with the immense pleasure it gives me.
Perhaps it is the Dodo Bird Verdict that should be extinct.

Dr. Sellman’s excellent synthesis and common sense conclusions regarding the addiction treatment field will doubtless become required reading in many addiction training centres, and deservedly so [1]. However, Professor Sellman makes one point that appears to us to misrepresent some of the evidence and reflects a line of thinking, which if broadly accepted, has some potential to reverse some of the important, and very hard-won, progress we’ve made in improving the quality of addiction treatment. The premise that “Different psychotherapies appear to produce similar results”, reminiscent of the “Dodo Bird verdict” (2), overlooks some of the recent evidence and results in some misconceptions. Following Professor Sellman’s lead, we’ll limit ourselves to 10 points:
THE TRADITIONAL HEALER IN TANZANIA

I shall deal with a limited number of aspects of the traditional healer in Tanzania. A more expanded treatment will be presented in a larger study on health policy and development in Tanzania since 1930. Traditional medicine has been discussed by anthropologists, sociologists, and geographers in ever increasing numbers in this country, probably because research in their fields brought them into close contact with the rural population. Historians and political scientists have been slow in examining the role of the native doctor in the colonial period and since 1961. This does not mean that material on the existence and activities of the African practitioner of medicine was not available. It was the medical doctor who became aware of the existence of African medicine when he found that his treatment was not accepted or was supplemented by visits to the African medicine man.
The New Age of Supercomputing

The solutions to today's foremost scientific challenges require order-of-magnitude increases in computing power. The route to TeraFLOP computing lies in parallel multi-computers that exploit advances in microprocessor technology.
A Parallel Completion Procedure for Term Rewriting Systems

We present a parallel completion procedure for term rewriting systems. Despite an extensive literature concerning the well-known sequential Knuth-Bendix completion procedure, little attention has been devoted to designing parallel completion procedures. Because naive parallelizations of sequential procedures lead to over-synchronization and poor performance, we employ a transition-based approach that enables more effective parallelizations. The approach begins with a formulation of the completion procedure as a set of transitions (in the style of Bachmair, Dershowitz, and Hsiang) and proceeds to a highly tuned parallel implementation that runs on a shared memory multiprocessor. The implementation performs well on a number of standard examples.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of IL-1 and TNF Antagonists on Periodontal Wound Healing

The present study tested the effects of local injection of IL-1 and TNF soluble receptors on a periodontal wound-healing model in nonhuman primates. In this model, periodontal lesions were developed for 16 wk, followed by open flap surgery. Starting at the time of surgery, groups of animals received localized injections of both soluble cytokine receptors or else PBS three times per week for 3, 14, or 35 days. Periodontal wound healing was analyzed for each group at the end of the treatment regimen. Fourteen days after surgery, a significant decrease was observed between the animals treated with soluble receptors and the untreated group with respect to recruitment of inflammatory cells in deep gingival connective tissue. Concurrent apoptosis of inflammatory cells in those tissues increased significantly in treated animals compared with untreated animals. All other outcome parameters of periodontal wound healing were likewise significantly improved in treated animals compared with untreated animals. In marked contrast, however, 35 days after surgery, there was a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells that had infiltrated into deep gingival connective tissue in treated compared with untreated animals. Outcome parameters of periodontal wound healing worsened in treated animals when compared with untreated. These results indicate that proinflammatory cytokines may play different functional roles in early vs late phases of periodontal wound healing. Short-term blockade of IL-1 and TNF may facilitate periodontal wound healing, whereas prolonged blockade may have adverse effects.
Learning to Teach and Teaching to Learn Mathematics: Strategies for Motivating Students

A training program for new instructors will naturally begin with attention to day-to-day concerns. It is only after some familiarity and facility is achieved in these areas that a novice instructor has the opportunity for reflection on what is working in the classroom and why. One area for consideration at that point is the subject of student motivation. An instructor's approach to student motivation will likely depend upon where he or she is situated on the pragmatist-idealist continuum. A total idealist would believe that the inherent beauty and power of mathematics should lead to intrinsic student motivation to learn the subject matter. A total pragmatist would maintain that the extrinsic motivation of grades alone determines a student's approach to mathematics. It would clearly be a superior situation if all students were intrinsically motivated to learn. This, unfortunately, is not the current reality of college mathematics courses, nor is it likely ever to be. In the absence of the ideal, an instructor must give careful consideration to the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and the role that the instructor plays within each. Care must be taken, because under certain conditions extrinsic rewards can damage intrinsic motivation. Student motivation is a complex and varied issue for which no one has all the answers. However, much can be learned by defining terms and comparing and contrasting possible approaches.
Hyperelliptic Jacobians and simple groups U3(2m)

In a previous paper, the author proved that in characteristic zero the jacobian J(C) of a hyperelliptic curve C: y 2 = f(x) has only trivial endomorphisms over an algebraic closure K a of the ground field K if the Galois group Gal(f) of the irreducible polynomial f(x) ∈ K[x] is either the symmetric group S n or the alternating group An. Here n > 4 is the degree of f. In another paper by the author this result was extended to the case of certain smaller Galois groups. In particular, the infinite series n = 2 r + 1, Gal(f) = L 2 (2 r ):= PSL 2 (F 2 r) and n = 2 4r+2 +1, Gal(f) = Sz(2 2r+1 ) were treated. In this paper the case of Gal(f) = U 3 (2 m ):= PSU 3 (F 2 m) and n = 2 3m + I is treated.
Zinc-air batteries for field charging

In order to realize the operational and service cost savings through the use of rechargeable batteries, the dismounted soldier is burdened with the weight, volume and/or charging logistics of the batteries. By providing the soldier with a high energy density source and a light weight compact battery charger the burden imposed by rechargeable batteries in the forward field can be minimized. Zinc-air batteries have the potential for meeting the energy demands of forward battlefield charging. They are attitude insensitive, have a high specific energy, and are inherently inexpensive, lightweight and safe.
Canadian versus International Regulation of Northwest Atlantic Fisheries: Management Practices, Fishery Yields, and Resource Trends, 1960-1986

Abstract Extension of fisheries jurisdiction by Canada in January 1977 radically changed management practices in a large part of the northwestern Atlantic. Management regimes before and after 1977 are described, and trends in fish catches and resource abundance are analyzed. In the Canadian zone, both nominal catches and population biomass decreased by 50% between the late 1960s and the mid-1970s. After 1977, catches stabilized at early 1960s levels (i.e., levels before major expansion of the international fishery in the area) and overall population biomass increased to late 1960s levels. The reversal in population trends corresponds with major changes in fishing practices, particularly the substantial reduction in fishing mortality. However, it has also been proposed that large-scale environmental factors have had an important influence on resource trends.
Is a little GVHD a good thing

In this issue of Blood , Clave and colleagues explore the impact of acute GVHD on thymic recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and begin to address the mechanism by which alloreactivity may impair thymic function in humans.
Tiraz textiles: a review of past treatments in preparation for the opening of the new Gallery of Islamic Art at the Detroit Institute of Arts

Abstract Re-imagining the way in which the Islamic art collection is exhibited at the Detroit Institute of Arts meant revisiting the ways in which it had been conserved and presented in the past. This article evaluates the way in which a collection of tiraz textiles from Medieval Egypt were conserved and displayed in the 1980s and how this informed a new conservation and display strategy for re-treating the textiles in 2010 using updated mounting techniques and materials. The textiles, which are predominantly fragments of clothing and shrouds, would have been excavated from a burial environment. Once accessioned into the museum's collection they were pressure mounted and framed, which led to them being viewed on the wall as pictures rather than as grave goods. This article will explore the collaboration between conservator and curator that led to a re-interpretation of the textiles to better connect them to their original context.
Multigrid applied to singular perturbation problems

The solution of the singular perturbation problem [email protected]''u + b(x)'u = f, 0 0, u(0) = u"0, u(1) = u"1 by a multigrid algorithm is considered. Theoretical and experimental results for a number of different discretizations are presented. The theoretical and observed rates agree with the results developed in an earlier work of Kamowitz and Parter. In addition, the rate of convergence of the algorithm when the coarse grid operator is the natural finite difference analogue of the fine grid operator is presented. This is in contrast to the case in the previous work where the Galerkin choice (I^H"hL"hI^h"H) was used for the coarse grid operators.
Distance Education: Some of the Unasked and Unanswered Questions

L'enseignement a distance constitue a la fois une opportunite et une menace. Apres avoir defini ce que sont l'education et l'ethique, l'A. tente d'illustrer les apports et les dangers de l'enseignement a distance aux Etats-Unis a travers deux scenarios contrastes. L'objectif de l'article est d'encourager la reflexion sur des questions non resolues concernant le teleenseignement, en s'articulant autour des points suivants : l'acces, la qualite, la communaute et la propriete relative a l'information diffusee.
Joint Discriminative Decoding of Words and Semantic Tags for Spoken Language Understanding

Most Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) systems today employ a cascade approach, where the best hypothesis from Automatic Speech Recognizer (ASR) is fed into understanding modules such as slot sequence classifiers and intent detectors. The output of these modules is then further fed into downstream components such as interpreter and/or knowledge broker. These statistical models are usually trained individually to optimize the error rate of their respective output. In such approaches, errors from one module irreversibly propagates into other modules causing a serious degradation in the overall performance of the SLU system. Thus it is desirable to jointly optimize all the statistical models together. As a first step towards this, in this paper, we propose a joint decoding framework in which we predict the optimal word as well as slot sequence (semantic tag sequence) jointly given the input acoustic stream. Furthermore, the improved recognition output is then used for an utterance classification task, specifically, we focus on intent detection task. On a SLU task, we show 1.5% absolute reduction (7.6% relative reduction) in word error rate (WER) and 1.2% absolute improvement in F measure for slot prediction when compared to a very strong cascade baseline comprising of state-of-the-art large vocabulary ASR followed by conditional random field (CRF) based slot sequence tagger. Similarly, for intent detection, we show 1.2% absolute reduction (12% relative reduction) in classification error rate.
Representation of Suslin sets by operators

Techniques from the theory of distributions, and the Holder classes, are used in representing analytic sets as the point spectra of operators.
Cortisol and the Immune Response

Michaelides and Coons1 were the first to report the successful demonstration of a complete secondary immune response in vitro. They challenged fragments of lymph nodes from an immunized rabbit with the immunizing antigen and incubated the fragments in a serum-containing medium; the specific antibody appeared after several days. At that time it was, however, necessary to have a medium which contained serum. More recently, Ambrose2 has discovered that cortisol and insulin can replace the normal serum in the tissue-culture medium for the demonstration of the specific secondary immune response in vitro. Halliday and Garvey3 have extended these investigations to ascertain what part is played by the antigen and by the cortisol in eliciting the secondary immune response. They found that in the presence of cortisol sulphur-35-labelled antigen was taken up from insulin-fortified Eagle's medium by the sensitized tissue fragments. The labelled antigen was bound firmly, and released only when antibody appeared in the culture fluids. These experiments suggested that cortisol influenced the uptake of antigen by lymphoid cells.
SYMPOSIUM ON MEAT FLAVOR OFF-FLAVORS IN MEAT AND FISH - A Review

Current literature on the off-flavors in meats due to genetics (mutton odor and swine sex odor), the animal's diet and environment, processing (irradiation and retorting), bacterial spoilage and oxidation are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on discussing chemical mechanisms, compounds responsible for and means of inhibiting these off-flavors.
Organic geochemistry of the San Vicente zinc–lead district, eastern Pucará Basin, Peru

Abstract Isotopic and chemical studies of organic matter of the San Vicente Mississippi Valley-type Zn–Pb district, hosted in the dolomitic units of the eastern Pucara Basin (Peru) provide insight into the source of organic matter and of the organic matter–ore relationship. A large scatter exists in the δ13C and δ15N values of the highly mature kerogens. These bulk data were combined with δ13C covariations of the saturated and aromatic fractions of the rock extracts to indicate a contribution of continental higher-plant lipids to the marine algal source of the organic matter disseminated in the host carbonate rocks. An enrichment in 15N of the kerogens of mineralized samples compared to barren samples suggests that isotopically heavy nitrogen compounds were introduced to the ore fluid. The fluid likely leached these compounds from the underlying clastic rocks and other detrital units of the Pucara. The extracts from mineralized samples are enriched in 13C compared to the associated kerogens. This suggests that the rocks in the mineralized areas were stained by a mixture of extrinsic and indigenous bitumens. By the use of novel instrumentation, such as a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) through a combustion (C) interface (GC/C/IRMS), stable carbon isotope analyses of individual hydrocarbons were also obtained. Both the molecular and isotopic signatures of the individual hydrocarbons are related to mineralization. The variability in the organic molecular parameters and the δ13C values of the individual n-alkanes and isoprenoids indicate mixing of indigenous hydrocarbons with extrinsic 13C-depleted microbially derived hydrocarbons. The extrinsic-source hydrocarbons were introduced to the mineralization site by the ore fluid or later fluids using the same porosity network. Oxidative alteration of the migrating hydrocarbons was involved in the thermochemical reduction of sulfate to H2S and precipitation of pyrobitumen. Large differences (>12‰) in the carbon isotope compositions of long-chain (C20+) n-alkanes can be utilized in distinguishing sources of organics in the barren and mineralized samples.
Influence of fluorinated alcohols on cyclodextrin: Pyrene complexation

An investigation of the effect of fluorinated alcohols on complexation between pyrene and β- and γ-cyclodextrin (CD) in aqueous solution is reported. Using fluorescence spectrophotometric analysis, pyrene I/III vibronic band ratios were monitored upon the addition of CD, both in the absence and presence of fluorinated alcohols, as well as in the presence of their nonfluorinated alcohol analogs. The fluorinated alcohols studied were 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol. In aqueous solution, the alcohols were found to have no effect on the pyreneI/III ratio in the absence of CD, but a strong effect when CD was present. For β-CD, the stoichiometry of the CD/pyrene complex was found to be predominantly 2 : 1, whereas for γ-CD it was 1 : 1. Apparent complexation equilibrium constants for the CD/pyrene complexes in the absence and presence of the alcohols were calculated by use of nonlinear regression analysis. Interactions between the alcohols and CDs were also investigated using1H and19F NMR techniques.
A Novel Relaxation Equation of Motion

We present a novel form of the equation of motion from Bloch-Wangness-Redfield theory (BWRT) that is in a representation-independent operator form. The equation has no time restrictions on it and incorporates Boltzmann equilibrium. We show that this new form gives results consistent with traditional BWRT and limits to BWRT when the additional restrictions and approximations of BWRT are applied to the new equation of motion. The new form shows how the usual equations for relaxation may be easily modified to include detailed balance and to avoid the long-standing problem that certain relaxation rates incorrectly become large when the lattice fluctuation rates become small; that is, the relaxation rates determined from this new approach avoid the BWRT "catastrophe". The new formulation leads to a more complete description of both longitudinal and transverse relaxation in magnetic resonance and takes into account the oscillatory nature of the relaxation of both transverse and longitudinal components in all motional regimes including the slow motion regime. The approach is of direct benefit to spectroscopists because it is described in terms of relaxation rates of observables.
Effect of stationary phase on preparative protein separation in reversed-phase chromatography

Abstract A matrix of Zorbax Pro-10 (10 μm) packing materials with differing alkyl chain lengths (C3, C8, C18) and pore sizes (60 A, 150 A, 300 A) was utilized to determine the influence of chain length and pore size on chromatographic performance (i.e., resolution) and column capacity. Proteins ranging in size from Mr 5700 to 68 000 were used as model compounds. For each category of packing material, retention times of the proteins decrease and peak widths increase with increasing sample loading. Among the matrix materials, C3/300 A and C8/300 A provide the highest resolution of a mixture of proteins with total protein loading from 60 μg to 6 mg on analytical columns (25 × 0.46 cm). The influence of alkyl chain length and pore size on column capacity was investigated by frontal chromatography. For a fixed chain length, materials with larger pore size provide greater column capacity of the model proteins. In addition, for materials of the same pore size, the longer the alkyl chain, the greater the column capacity. Column capacity for a given alkyl chain length and pore size is indirectly correlated to protein size; the greater column capacity is found for the smaller tested proteins.
Analysis of neutral isomeric low molecular weight carbohydrates using ferrocenyl boronate derivatization and tandem electrospray mass spectrometry

A new analytical technique for small carbohydrates utilizing the cyclic ferrocenyl boronic esters (FcBors) of several neutral mono- and disaccharides is demonstrated. Distinction between the diastereomers of mono- and disaccharides is obtained. Analysis is by tandem electrospray-mass spectrometry (ES-MS) using a modified ion-source that promotes the preformation of ions. Selection of the molecular ion produced during single-electron oxidation of the ferrocene moiety of a specific population of saccharide isomers permits a variety of collisionally induced dissociation (CID) experiments. The resultant MS2/MS3 spectra reflect the ensemble of possible cyclic esters in equilibrium. An array of stable cross pyranose ring fragment ions representing sequential carbon loss as 30 u is observed. Consequently, the system provides an information-rich set of MSn spectra containing large amounts of structural information. Identification of D-glucose (D-Glc), its two commonly found epimers (D-mannose and D-galactose), and the two major L-diastereomers of 6-dideoxymonosaccharides, L-fucose (L-Fuc) and L-rhamnose (L-Rhm), are demonstrated. Selected pairs of disaccharides can be distinguished in terms of their anomeric linkage by reference to their MS3 spectra.
Thermal escape of neutral hydrogen and its distribution in the Earth's thermosphere

Thermal escape of neutral hydrogen and distribution in Earth thermosphere, noting collision in transition regions
Epidemiological profile of an urban immigrant population

Purpose – The health status and medical care of migrant populations is an increasingly important topic in light of the recent emergence of a number of global epidemics. This paper aims to investigate the prevalence of diseases, injuries, and other health problems in the Caribbean‐American population of Miami, Florida.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 290 Caribbean‐born permanent adult residents of Miami, representing 17 different Caribbean countries of origin, was interviewed at three health clinics regarding current health problems and treatments. Demographic data were also collected.Findings – In total, 38 percent of the respondents indicated past or current health problems requiring professional medical care, while an additional 7 percent engaged in self‐care. The 62 different reported conditions ranged from lung cancer to ulcers, kidney stones, clinical depression, scoliosis, and diverticulitis. The most frequently stated disorders were hypertension, asthma, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, a...
Moderators of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Alcohol Consumption in College Students

Abstract Objective: Among college students, several studies have found a positive relationship between physical activity and alcohol use. The current study tested gender, Greek status, and ethnicity as potential moderators of the physical activity-alcohol use relationship. Participants: Participants were college freshmen (n = 310) endorsing alcohol/drug use. Methods: Students completed questionnaires assessing a number of health behaviors. Results: Results indicated that gender and Greek status were significant moderators of the relationship between physical activity and alcohol consumption. There was a positive relationship between physical activity and alcohol use for men and Greeks, but not for females and non-Greeks. Conclusions: These findings suggest that exercise does not serve as a protective factor for any of the subgroups of college students studied and is positively associated with drinking among college students who are men and/or involved with the Greek system.
On hermitian polynomial optimization

We compare three levels of algebraic certificates for evaluating the maximum mod- ulus of a complex analytic polynomial, on a compact semi-algebraic set. They are obtained as translations of some recently discovered inequalities in operator theory. Although they can be stated in purely algebraic terms, the only known proofs for these decompositions have a transcen- dental character.
Net-centric System of Systems framework for human detection

System of Systems (SoS) architectures have been used to conceptually define complex systems. However, very few SoS architectures have been physically realized to solve real-world problems. Proposed in this work is the full realization of a net-centric SoS architecture used to implement and integrate a complex system used to automate human detection from an image source. A SoS architecture was selected to implement the human detection system due to a SoS's ability to achieve high levels of interoperability. This high level of interoperability is feasible via standardization of communication and by structuring information to conform to a proposed XML framework. Additionally, each individual system within the SoS hierarchy is functionally decomposed based on sets defined services that each system requires and provides. Moreover, a new concept of a commonly implemented directory service is used to initialize system communication and automate SoS architecture discovery.
Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of mouse coronin-1.

Actin-binding proteins cooperate to form the cytoskeletal matrix and affect the regulation of a variety of cytoskeletal properties such as cell morphology, motility, and cytokinesis (Sheterline and Sparrow 1994). Signal transduction pathways are also dependent upon the cytoskeletal framework. Coronin, first described in Dictyostelium discoideum as an actin-binding protein containing five WD domains, is involved in phagocytosis, cell motility, and mitosis (deHostos et al. 1991, 1993; Gerisch et al. 1993; Maniak et al. 1995). In Dictyostelium discoideum, coronin is located at the crown-shaped edges of amboid cells and is recruited to nascent leading edges from the cytoplasm during macropinocytosis and phagocytosis (Maniak et al. 1995; Gerisch et al. 1995; Hacker et al. 1997; Rauchenberger et al. 1997). Correspondence to: M.L. Thomas
Dispersal of Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Arkansas Ricelands

The dispersal of adult Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say was evaluated by techniques involving wild capture, fluorescent marking, release, and recapture of adult mosquitoes from a naturally occurring population in the rice-growing region of Arkansas. Males and females dispersed mean distances of 1.05 and 1.84 km, respectively, from the release point over a 2-d period. The maximum time from release to recapture was 13 d. A recommendation for insecticidal treatment of at least 3.4 km2 surrounding any targeted source for this mosquito was made based on results of the study.