cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser processing of glass for consumer electronics: opportunities and challenges

Laser processing has demonstrated great capabilities for processing the flat panel display glass, strengthened glass, and flexible glass for consumer electronics. In this paper, a variety of laser processing techniques and their applications are discussed. The techniques include glass cutting, drilling, and surface modification. To assess each technique, a matrix of criteria, such as speed, surface quality, strength, and process stability is proposed. Based on the matrix, future needs for laser processing of glass are outlined.
Vasopressin deficiency provides evidence for separate circadian oscillators of activity and temperature.

Abstract Vasopressin-containing Long–Evans and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats were maintained in individual cages while telemetered activity (AC) and body temperature (BT) data were collected. Rats were initially exposed to a 12 h/12-h light/dark cycle (photic zeitgeber) and were allowed ad-libitum access to food and water. Daily feeding, care, and handling (nonphotic zeitgebers) occurred at the beginning of the second hour of the dark cycle. After a 14-day habituation period, rats were subjected to continuous light (LL) or dark (DD) and nonphotic cues were presented irregularly. During the habituation period, both strains exhibited clear 24-h circadian rhythms of AC and BT. In LL or DD, photic cues were removed and nonphotic cues were presented irregularly. There was a shift in the rhythm for Long–Evans animals to 26 h for both AC and BT in LL and 24.6 h in DD. Feeding, care, and handling were seen as minor artifact. In Brattleboro rats, although there were robust 26-h and 24.6-h circadian rhythms of AC in the LL and DD, respectively, BT data were inconsistent and showed sporadic fluctuations. In the BT rhythm of Brattleboro animals, strong peaks were associated with feeding, care, and handling times and trough periods were characterized by a dramatic drop in temperature. This experiment demonstrates that AC and BT are controlled by separate oscillators. In addition, the importance of vasopressinergic fibers in the control of circadian rhythms of BT is evidenced by the loss of circadian rhythms in animals lacking these functional fibers when exposed to free-running paradigms where there is no entrainment of photic or nonphotic oscillators.
Turbulence and Wind Speed Spectra within a Japanese Larch Plantation

Abstract Mean horizontal wind speed profiles within and above a plantation of Japanese larch were obtained. A log-profile analysis of above-vegetation wind speeds yielded a wide range of values for the roughness length parameter z0 and the zero-plane displacement height D. The computed Eulerian space scale of turbulence within the vegetation showed deeper penetration of large eddies after needle fall and during high winds. Power spectra showed that at the base of the plantation most of the variation in wind speed was associated with gusts of about 100 m wavelength. Power spectra at the most dense portion of the plantation canopy showed considerable modification due to the tree spacing.
Prolonged and shorter aerobic exercise training in HIV.

The purpose of this review was to determine whether prolonged aerobic exercise training was as safe and effective as shorter aerobic exercise training. Shorter time period studies up to and including four months were summarized for aerobic exercise training parameters and results. Similarly, aerobic exercise training studies that were six and more months were also summarized. Predicted or measured maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) results for the shorter term studies generally ranged from 10-29%. All the studies used 3x/wk. as a training frequency. Aerobic exercise training intensity averaged 75% of predicted heart rate (PHR) maximum and exercise duration ranged from 20-60 minutes. Since many of the subjects were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), blood lipids and body fat abnormalities were prevalent. In the few shorter aerobic exercise training studies to measure lipids and body fat, there appeared to be a favorable effect. Prolonged aerobic exercise training results were sparse. Studies indicated similar training parameters with the exception of using a higher aerobic training intensity for one study. VO2max results for the higher intensity study demonstrated a higher aerobic fitness than other studies. All the prolonged aerobic exercise regimes increased VO2max similar to the shorter term studies or maintained higher levels of aerobic fitness. Triglyceride levels were elevated and unfavorably increased during prolonged aerobic training. Body fat was favorably modified in another prolonged study in spite of HAART. Considering the paucity of studies it appears that prolonged aerobic exercise training is equally safe and effective as compared to shorter aerobic exercise training.
Shifts in affinity and enthalpy of oxygen binding to human hemoglobin A induced by pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

Abstract A therapeutic agent capable of inhibiting the polymerization of hemoglobin S would relieve the symptoms of sickle cell disease. The P50 of oxygen binding to hemoglobin A (HbA) in the presence of an effector has been used for the initial screening of potential antisickling agents. We evaluated the thermodynamic parameters, P50, ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS and Hill coefficient for oxygen binding to human HbAo (HbA stripped of all endogenous effectors) in the presence of two antisickling agents, pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), and two sickling-enhancing agents, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP). The P50 of oxygen binding to HbAo in phosphate/EDTA buffer, pH 7.6, was found to be 560 Pa. The P50 was increased to 653 Pa and 1746 Pa by DPG and IHP, respectively. The antisickling agents, PLP, and PL, had opposite effects on the P50, shifting it to 840 Pa and 187 Pa, respectively, indicating that a decrease in P50 may not be the best predictor of an antisickling agent. The Hill coefficient was 2.9 for both HbAo and HbAo + DPG and 2.6 for HbAo + IHP. The Hill coefficient was reduced by both PLP to 2.3 and by PL to 2.1. The enthalpies for oxygen binding to HbAo, HbAo + DPG, and HbAo + IHP were −48.1 kcal/mol Hb, −48.0 kcal/mol Hb, and −42.2 kcal/mol Hb, respectively. In contrast, the enthalpies for HbAo + PLP and HbAo + PL were −57.0 kcal/mol Hb and −51.1 kcal/mol Hb. Our study suggests that decreases in cooperativity and enthalpy, alone or in combination, may be useful indices of potential antisickling agents.
Rethinking Cluny in Spain

The notion that Fernando I of Leon-Castilla (r. 1037–65) made an annual donation to the monastery of Cluny has been accepted as fact by medieval and modern historians. This study intends to challenge that notion, based on the lack, during Fernando's lifetime, of any evidence for such a donation, and the absence of any sign of Cluniac influence within the kingdom. Rather, we should see the story of the donation as a forgery perpetrated during the reign of his son, Alfonso VI (r. 1065–1109), at a time when we see economic, political, and religious connections between the kingdom of Leon-Castilla and the monastery of Cluny, as well as liturgical influences of Cluny on the kingdom in which we see the hand of Alfonso's sister, Urraca Fernandez.
Functional Competencies in the U.S. Refugee Program: Theoretical and Practical Problems

In the past decade, the functional, competency-based approach has come to dominate ESL curriculum development. Though the approach is widely praised, some ESL specialists have recently criticized competency-based "survival ESL." This article examines theoretical and practical deficiencies in how curricular objectives are selected for the functional approach, the central role of values in functional curricula, and limitations in validating tests of functional competence. It is argued that these problems seriously undermine efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of ESL programs using functional curricula. These issues are illustrated through an analysis of the functional curricula of the U.S. Refugee Processing Centers, the largest survival ESL program ever created to prepare immigrants for resettlement in America. In the past decade, functional, competency-based curricula have become the dominant approach to language curriculum development. The focus of wide praise (e.g., Chamot, 1983; Findley & Nathan, 1980; Munby, 1978; Widdowson, 1978; Wilkins, 1976), competency-based curricula have been called "the most important breakthrough in adult ESL" (Center for Applied Linguistics, 1983b, p. 1), and they are used in many language programs as well as in adult basic education (ABE). In Europe, functional competencies are the basis for the Council of Europe syllabus (van Ek, 1977). The most important ABE program in the United States, the heavily promoted Adult Performance Level (APL) project (see Northrup, 1977) of the U.S. Office of Education and the University of Texas, employs a functional approach. In ESL, refugee programs in Southeast Asia and in the United States also have adopted functional curricula.
Contemplative Aging: A Way of Being in Later Life, by Edmund Sherman

Edmund Sherman’s Contemplative Aging: A Way of Being in Later Life illustrates multiple introspective methods for those settling into old age. His focus on a spiritual pathway defies our Western so...
Selective neuronal uptake of 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (SITS) and other related substituted stilbenes in vivo: a fluorescent whole cell staining technique

The uptake of fluorescent stilbene derivatives including 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) was shown to occur from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid in the adult albino rat. SITS was found to be internalized in select populations of neurons, especially pyramidal neurons in layers V and VI of neocortex, granule, hilar and pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, Purkinje neurons of the cerebellar cortex and predominantly large multipolar neurons in the oculomotor nuclei, lateral vestibular nucleus, red nucleus and the medial gigantocellular brainstem reticular formation neurons. The extent and quality of labeling of neuronal somata, dendrites and axons can be exploited with this technique to produce selective, 'Golgi' type labeling in the nervous system. The methods utilized are fast, economical, long lasting and compatible with fluorescence tracers and immunofluorescence techniques.
Rate dependence of counting losses in neutron time-of-flight measurements

Abstract A simple analytic correlation is derived to permit correction for the rate dependence of counting losses in neutron time-of-flight measurements. The correction requires that the relative variance of the intensity be monitored during the experiment.
North Africa and the Twelfth-century Renaissance: Christian Europe and the Almohad Islamic Empire

This article explains the impact of the rise of the Berber, Islamic Almohad Empire on Mediterranean history. The influence of the Almohads on the twelfth-century European Renaissance and the connections and interactions between the Almohads of North Africa and centres of power in Europe has been overlooked by scholars. While scholars of the medieval period have focused on the interactions between Europe and the East, including the great Islamic centres of Baghdad and Cairo and the Crusader states, the North African Almohads also had an important role in the twelfth-century milieu. The central role of the Almohads and the western Mediterranean, an often overlooked area of medieval studies, deserves a reassessment.
Agradient velocity, vortical motion and gravity waves in a rotating shallow‐water model

A new approach to modelling slow vortical motion and fast inertia-gravity waves is suggested within the rotating shallow-water primitive equations with arbitrary topography. The velocity is exactly expressed as a sum of the gradient wind, described by the Bernoulli function, B, and the remaining agradient part, proportional to the velocity tendency. Then the equation for inverse potential vorticity, Q, as well as momentum equations for agradient velocity include the same source of intrinsic flow evolution expressed as a single term J(B, Q), where J is the Jacobian operator (for any steady state J(B,Q)=0). Two components of agradient velocity are responsible for the fast inertia-gravity wave propagation similar to the traditionally used divergence and ageostrophic vorticity. This approach allows for the construction of balance relations for vortical dynamics and potential vorticity inversion schemes even for moderate Rossby and Froude numbers assuming the characteristic value of |J(B,Q)|=e to be small. The components of agradient velocity are used as the fast variables slaved to potential vorticity that allows for diagnostic estimates of the velocity tendency, the direct potential vorticity inversion with the accuracy of e2 and the corresponding potential vorticity-conserving agradient velocity balance model (AVBM). The ultimate limitations of constructing the balance are revealed in the form of the ellipticity condition for balanced tendency of the Bernoulli function which incorporates both known criteria of the formal stability: the gradient wind modified by the characteristic vortical Rossby wave phase speed should be subcritical. The accuracy of the AVBM is illustrated by considering the linear normal modes and coastal Kelvin waves in the f-plane channel with topography. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Cassini Orbit Determination Results: January 2006 - End of Prime Mission

After the forty-fifth flyby of Titan, the Cassini spacecraft has successfully completed the planned four-year prime mission tour of the Saturnian system. This paper reports on the orbit determination performance of the Cassini spacecraft over two years spanning 2006 - 2008. In this time span, Cassini's orbit progressed through the magnetotail and pi-transfer phases of the mission. Thirty-four accurate close encounters of Titan, one close flyby of Iapetus and one 50 km flyby of Enceladus were performed during this period. The Iapetus and Enceladus flybys were especially challenging and so the orbit determination supporting these encounters will be discussed in more detail. This paper will show that in most cases orbit determination has exceeded the navigation requirements for targeting flybys and predicting science instrument pointing during these encounters.
Modeling processes in recovery from mental illness: relationships between symptoms, life satisfaction, and self-concept.

For persons with severe mental illness, controlling symptoms, regaining a positive sense of self, dealing with stigma and discrimination, and trying to lead a productive and satisfying life is increasingly referred to as the ongoing process of recovery. Drawing on psychiatric-medical and stress-social support models, and theories of self-concept and stigma, this study examines social-psychological processes in recovery from mental illness, Using longitudinal questionnaire data from 610 persons in self-help groups and outpatient treatment, I estimate a series of models of the relationships between key elements identified as part of the recovery process: symptoms, self-concept, and life satisfaction. The results show that these elements affect each other in a reciprocal manner. Moreover, findings indicate a key role for self-esteem, which mediates the effect of life satisfaction on symptoms. The study suggests a general framework for examining processes involved in recovery from mental illness.
Heat and cold in the management of rheumatoid arthritis

Heat and cold are used often in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The primary uses of heat have been to relieve pain and improve the extensibility of periarticular tissuesprior to mobility exercises. Cold is also used as a means of reducing pain prior to exercise and functional activities and to reduce the effects of inflammation. The effects that occur with these agents may be beneficial symptomatically and may also have an effect on the pathological process. In spite of the fact that they are often used by both patients and health care providers with apparent success, there is not a substantial body of evidence attesting to the efficacy of heat or cold in patients with RA. The purposes of this review are to examine that evidence and summarize the effectiveness of heat and cold in the management of joint complaints of patients with RA.
Chemical composition of bone marrow after exposure of rabbits to nitrogen mustard.

Abstract Rabbits were injected with 2.5 mg./kg. of methylbis(2-chloroethyl)-amine hydrochloride while the marrow of the right leg was protected by clamping the blood vessels which supply it. There was a marked lowering of the lipide-free solid content of the affected marrow. The lipide concentration was increased, but the change was not of the order of magnitude one would expect from the morphological appearance. Losses were noted in the total, inorganic, nonprotein organic, and protein sulfur. There was a loss of total and inorganic phosphorus. In addition, the following nitrogen fractions were lowered: total, lipide, “nonprotein,” and phosphotungstic acid precipitable.
Association of digital cushion thickness with sole temperature measured with the use of infrared thermography

The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between digital cushion thickness and sole temperature measured by infrared thermography. Data were collected from 216 lactating Holstein cows at 4 to 10d in milk (DIM). Cows were locomotion scored and sole temperature was measured after claw trimming (a minimum delay of 3 min was allowed for the hoof to cool) using an infrared thermography camera. Temperature was measured at the typical ulcer site of the lateral digit of the left hind foot. Immediately after the thermographic image was obtained, the thickness of the digital cushion was measured by ultrasonography. Rumen fluid samples were collected with a stomach tube and sample pH was measured immediately after collection. Additionally, a blood sample was obtained and used for measurements of serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and haptoglobin. To evaluate the associations of digital cushion thickness with sole temperature, a linear regression model was built using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Sole temperature was the response variable, and digital cushion thickness quartiles, locomotion score group, rumen fluid pH, rumen fluid sample volume, environmental temperature, age in days, and serum levels of NEFA, BHBA, and haptoglobin were fitted in the model. Only significant variables were retained in the final model. Simple linear regression scatter plots were used to illustrate associations between sole temperature (measured by infrared thermography at the typical ulcer site) and environmental temperature and between NEFA and BHBA serum levels and haptoglobin. One-way ANOVA was used to compare rumen fluid pH for different locomotion score groups and for different digital cushion quartiles. Results from the multivariable linear regression model showed that sole temperature increased as locomotion scores increased and decreased as digital cushion thickness increased. These results were adjusted for environmental temperature, which was significantly associated with sole temperature. Serum levels of NEFA, BHBA, and haptoglobin were not associated with sole temperature. However, significant correlations existed between serum levels of NEFA and haptoglobin and between serum levels of BHBA and haptoglobin. Rumen fluid pH was not associated with either locomotion score or digital cushion thickness. In conclusion, we show here that digital cushion thickness was associated with sole temperature in cows at 4 to 10 DIM.
Towards a research agenda for information technology

The last few years have seen the emergence of a an increasing number of academic degree programs in Information Technology (IT), as well as the establishment of a growing number of academic departments of IT. IT has also started to make its mark with various other agencies, such as accreditation bodies. However, the growing reputation of IT with students, academic administrators and others has not necessarily translated into academic respectability. It is not uncommon to hear that IT is nothing new and is at best a subfield of an existing discipline, and at worst a weakened version of it. This paper argues that, to the extent that it is desirable for IT to establish itself as a respected academic discipline, the field must communicate its distinctive nature through the formulation of a research agenda. The paper also proposes a possible research agenda for IT, based around the suggestion that IT, as an academic discipline, work toward a theory about how to provide value to users, at a cost acceptable to them, through the creation, selection, application, integration and administration of computing technologies.
Dhrystone: a synthetic systems programming benchmark

Reflecting current data on the use of programming language constructs in systems programming, a synthetic benchmark is constructed based on the distribution appearing in the data. The benchmark executes 100 Ada statements that are balanced in terms of the distribution of statement types, data types, and data locality. Pascal and C versions of the benchmark are discussed.
A Tale of Two Reconciliations: Germans and Jews after World War II and Bosnia after Dayton

By comparing the reconciliation between Germans and Jews in the aftermath of World War II and that between Serbs and Bosniaks in post-Dayton Bosnia, this article argues that reconciliation can be a “simpler” affair in some cases than in others. More specifically, reconciliation between victims and perpetrators is more easily facilitated when both parties do not have to live in the same state and imagine themselves as part of the same political community, as in the case of Germans and Jews. By arguing that the success of German–Jewish reconciliation lies, first and foremost, in the fact that victims and perpetrators did not have to live in the same state in the aftermath of genocide, this article challenges the dominant view that the success of German–Jewish reconciliation was due to the “three Rs” of retribution, restitution, and reconstruction. It also challenges the persistent tendency to invoke German–Jewish reconciliation as a model for reconciliation in other post-genocide societies, such as Bosnia. ...
Integrating the proton circuit into photosynthesis: progress and challenges

The formation of trans-thylakoid proton motive force (pmf) is coupled to light-driven electron transfer and both powers the synthesis of ATP and acts as a signal for initiating antenna regulation. This key intermediate has been difficult to study because of its ephemeral and variable qualities. This review covers recent efforts to probe pmf in vivo as well as efforts to address one of the key questions in photosynthesis: How does the photosynthetic machinery achieve sufficient flexibility to meet the energetic and regulatory needs of the plant in a varying environment? It is concluded that pmf plays a central role in these flexibility mechanisms.
Evaluation of computer modules to teach metacognition and motivation strategies

Two e-learning modules are being developed to improve self-regulation and lifelong learning readiness. More than 150 mechanical engineering students completed first versions of the two modules in 2012. An evaluation of the module results suggests that students are learning the module content and tend to enjoy taking the modules. The modules were also tested as an intervention for improving lifelong readiness as measured by the SDLRS. Comparing scores of the SDLRS taken before and after the modules showed a statistically significant gain (p<;0.1). Comparisons were also made between the 2nd and 3rd year classes and between women and men. Suggestions for improvements to the modules have been identified.
Conservative Protestantism and Attitudes toward Homosexuality: Does Political Orientation Mediate this Relationship?

Abstract Although several studies show that conservative Protestants are generally opposed to homosexuality, explanations for this association are not well established. Using data from the 1998 General Social Survey, we test whether political orientation mediates the relationship between conservative Protestantism and attitudes toward homosexuality. Results indicate that conservative Protestants are more politically conservative than non-affiliates. We also find that conservative Protestants are less accepting of homosexuality than non-affiliates, although a significant portion of this association is explained by political orientation. Once political orientation is controlled, the attitudes of conservative Protestants are no different from non-affiliates, and politically conservative respondents are less accepting of homosexuality than their more liberal counterparts. In the end, we conclude that political orientation is a mechanism that partially explains the association between conservative Protestantis...
Ethane aromatization on ultrasil type zinc-containing zeolites

Abstract 1. 1. Ethane transformation was studied on a Ultrasil type zeolite-containing catalysts modified with zine at 550°–750°C; maximum armomatization activity was observed at 650°C. Aromatic hydrocarbon yield reached 14·5 wt.% on a ZnHU-45/Al 2 O 3 catalyst with a selectivity for aromatization of 34·8 wt%. 2. 2. Liquid products from ethane transformation were essentially aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and its alkyl-substituted products being predominant. 3. 3. No fundamental difference was observed in the composition and distribution of products from ethane transformation on catalysts with different zeolite moduli and binders.
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF STEROID-RESISTANT MINIMAL-CHANGE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Although cyclophosphamide is effective in the treatment of steroid-sensitive, frequently-relapsing nephrotic syndrome, little data are available on the use of this agent in the treatment of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Six children who had a minimal change lesion on both light and electron microscopy and who had failed to respond to an initial 8-10 week course of prednisone (2 mg/kg/d) were studied. All 6 children had a complete remission during treatment with cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks) and prednisone (0.5-1.0 mg/kg/d for the first 6 weeks). Three of these children have subsequently relapsed 6-18 months after treatment with cyclophosphamide, and, because of the potential gonadal toxicity of this drug, treatment was reinstituted with prednisone alone. All 3 patients sustained a complete remission within 2 weeks after restarting only steroid therapy. These observations suggest: a) cyclophosphamide may be effective in the treatment of steroid-resistant minimal-change nephrotic syndrome; b) patients who are initially steroid resistant prior to treatment with cyclophosphamide may become steroid sensitive following such therapy; and, therefore, c) initial treatment of relapses which occur after a course of cyclophosphamide should be glucosteroids alone.
Neural networks in computer-aided diagnosis classification of dysphagic patients

Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder observed in head injury and stroke patients. Impairment of the oral and pharyngeal phases of the swallowing mechanism often leads to aspiration. Clinically, it is essential to estimate the risk of aspiration in dysphagic patients so that safe feeding protocols can be established. The current clinical procedures of diagnosis are qualitative and involve videofluorography and bedside clinical evaluation. Videofluorography exposes the patient to X-ray radiation and therefore cannot be performed on a daily basis. Reddy, et al. [1–3], have developed non-invasive biomechanical techniques to quantify oral and pharyngeal phases. The biomechanical parameters measured to characterize oral phase were the lateral tongue thrust, the forward tongue thrust, the tongue elevation force and the lip pulling force. For the pharyngeal phase, accelerations of the throat were measured by placing ultraminiature accelerometers on the skin at the levels of cricoid and thyroid cartilages, and the swallow suction pressure was measured with a catheter placed at the base of the tongue. Thomas, et al.[4], have used these biomechanical parameters to classify dysphagic patients into four categories of risk of aspiration. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and clinically evaluate neural network models for classification of patients based on the biomechanical measurements obtained from them.
Collateral reinnervation of sweat glands.

The collateral reinnervation of mouse sweat glands has been studied by a method that allows serial evaluation of the course of reinnervation in intact animals. The method is based on the finding that the activation of secretion from newly denervated sweat glands by pilocarpine or nerve stimulation is completely absent seven days after nerve section but returns with reinnervation. These characteristics allowed serial detection of footpad sweat glands newly reinnervated by collateral sprouting of the remaining intact saphenous nerve after section of the sciatic nerve. The number of saphenous innervated glands increased five-to sevenfold and the total saphenous sweat territory was greatly expanded across the volar surface of the hind paw. There was less enlargement when the sciatic nerve was allowed to regenerate and participate in reinnervation of sweat glands. None of the reinnervated glands were dually innervated by saphenous and sciatic nerves, as is the case in normal glands. When the saphenous nerve was sectioned after saphenous collateral sprouting was complete and after sciatic regeneration had innervated an apparent maximal number of glands, the sciatic nerve reacted by advancing farther into the formerly enlarged saphenous territory and re-reinnervated many of the glands. Collateral sprouting by sudomotor axons is more abundant and more widely dispersed than reported for larger nerve fibers to skeletal muscle and to low-threshold mechanoreceptors, It more closely resembles sprouting of nociceptive axons.
Work as Service to the Divine Giving our Gifts Selflessly and with Joy

This article begins with a brief overview of trends in spirituality in the workplace and then reports qualitative results of research interviews conducted with people who see work as service to the Divine. Issues of work as prayer, service to others, ego and selflessness, and making a difference are discussed. A brief summary of research by Kurth (1995) is provided. The article concludes with a description of spiritual practices that support an attitude of service.
Valence−Rydberg Bonding in Bimolecular R−Ca+•NH2−R‘ Complexes

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed on species associated with the bimolecular reaction of protonated methylamine (CH3NH3+) with methylcalcium (CaCH3) to form the valence−Rydberg bonded complex H3CH3N•+CaCH3. Gradient geometry optimizations and frequency calculations were performed at levels of theory up to and including UMP2(full)/6-311G(d,p) augmented by diffuse functions on the nitrogen atom. The complex H3CH3N•+CaCH3 is bound by 9.77 kcal mol-1 relative to reactants at the projected second-order Moller−Plesset perturbation theory (PMP2) level, and both the charge and unpaired spin densities are delocalized between calcium and the adjacent amino group, the region of the valence−Rydberg bond. A rearranged product, [H3CH2N:→CaH···CH3]+•, lies 12.38 kcal mol-1 below the valence−Rydberg complex, and is bound by 9.66 kcal mol-1 relative to dissociation products [H3CH2N:→CaH]+ + •CH3. The rearranged species is a distonic ion, with the positive charge mainly on calcium, and the unpaired el...
Activity-Dependent Release of Adenosine Contributes to Short-Term Depression at CA3-CA1 Synapses in Rat Hippocampus

High-frequency stimulation results in a transient, presynaptically mediated decrease in synaptic efficacy called short-term depression (STD). Stimulation of Schaffer-collateral axons at 10 Hz for 5...
CARS thermometry in high temperature gradients

CARS is an effective non-intrusive technique for measuring gas temperature in combustion environments. In regions of high temperature gradient, however, the CARS signal is complicated by contributions from gas at different temperature. This paper examines theoretically the uncertainty associated with CARS thermometry in steep temperature gradients. In addition, the work compares the temperature predicted from CARS with the adiabatic mixed temperature of the gas resident in the measurement volume. This comparison helps indicate the maximum sample volume size allowed for accurate temperature measurements.
Comparative gender differences in local and systemic concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats with experimental periodontitis.

Background and Objective: There have been few studies of gender differences in response to periodontitis. Thus, we compared gender-specific differences in systemic cytokine concentrations in rats with and without ligature-induced periodontitis. Material and Methods: Experimental periodontal disease was initiated in Sprague–Dawley rats by placing a ligature around the crowns of the second right maxillary molar tooth. Sham-operated control groups were also created. Two weeks later, the right and left maxillary quadrants of teeth, liver and serum were collected from all the rats, and uterine horns were collected from the female rats. Liver and uterine samples were ground in phosphate-buffered saline (10 mg of tissue/mL of phosphate-buffered saline + protease inhibitor) containing a protease inhibitor, and cytokine concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Digital radiographs were made of maxillary quadrants, and the distance from cemento–enamel junction to alveolar crest was measured using image analysis software. Data were compared by factorial analysis of variance and a post-hoc Tukey test. Results: Female rats with ligatures had greater, but not significantly different, alveolar bone loss than males with ligatures. However, they had higher serum concentrations of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein, and liver C-reactive protein (p < 0.05). These females also had higher interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations within the uterine horn, compared to female controls (p < 0.05). Male animals with ligatures had lower serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and higher interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations within serum, compared to male controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that females with periodontal disease have a greater risk for inflammatory-based systemic diseases than males.
Ring chromosomes and hematologic disorders

Based on 5 years of cytogenetic evaluation in hematology, we report our observations on various hematologic proliferative disorders with ring chromosomes. Comparing our data to those previously published in the literature we analyzed the occurrence of the ring in relation to the age of onset, previous history of therapeutic or professional exposure to mutagenic agents, and mean survival. It is concluded that the presence of ring chromosomes may be linked to a poor prognosis.
Social cohesiveness, hypersexuality and irritability induced by p-CPA in the rat

Abstract Lesions of the septal forebrain, consistent with previous studies, were found to produce behavioral changes including increased social cohesiveness and irritability. Normal rats were injected with parachlorophenylalanine, methysergide or control solutions to determine if alterations in serotonin levels could mimic changes in emotionality and social cohesiveness which follow lesions in the forebrain septum. Although p-CPA, which depletes serotonin, induced the social cohesiveness, irritability and hypersexuality reported after lesions in the septum, blockage of serotonin receptors with methysergide did not. These results suggest that the effects of p-CPA on social behavior may not be due to changes in serotonin systems alone, but perhaps may result from the somewhat less dramatic depletions of norepinephrine produced by p-CPA, or to a more complex relationship produced by p-CPA, or to a more complex relationship between serotonin, norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters.
Application of stereoscopic tracking velocimetry for experimental and numerical investigation of directional solidification

Abstract A previously reported stereoscopic tracking velocimetry (STV) is further refined and applied to measure directional solidification. The flow involves complicated three-dimensional (3-D) convection, being subject to both buoyancy and surface tension forces in addition to conjugate conduction. For our STV, the 3-D tracking of numerous particles is the most important and challenging process. Here, the performances of the tracking algorithms, which are based on artificial neural networks, are first presented with a brief summary of the STV principles. The 3-D experiment measurements of the convective phenomena are then discussed together with the results from two-dimensional numerical modeling for qualitative comparison.
Temporal gene expression classification with regularised neural network

This paper proposes regularised neural networks for characterisation of the multiple heterogeneous temporal dynamic patterns of gene expressions. Regularisation is developed to deal with noisy, high dimensional time course data and overfitting problems. We test the proposed model with a popular gene expression data. The model's performance is compared to other classification techniques, such as Nearest Neighbour, Support Vector Machine, and Self Organised Map. Results show that the proposed model can effectively capture the dynamic feature of gene expression temporal patterns despite the high noise levels, the highly correlated attributes, the overwhelming interactions, and other complex features typically present in microarray data.
Homolytic C−S Bond Scission in the Desulfurization of Aromatic and Aliphatic Thiols Mediated by a Mo/Co/S Cluster: Mechanistic Aspects Relevant to HDS Catalysis

The kinetics of the reaction of a series of aromatic and aliphatic thiols with cluster 1 were determined. These reactions form cluster 2 and the arene or alkane corresponding to the thiol: Cp‘2Mo2Co2S3(CO)4 (1) + RSH → Cp‘2Mo2Co2S4(CO)2 (2) + RH + 2CO. These reactions are first order in thiol and first order in cluster 1 with appreciable negative entropies of activation. These data suggest that the rate determining step of the desulfurization reaction is the initial association of the thiol to the cluster. The more nucleophilic thiolate anions react with 1 at −40 °C to form an adduct in which the thiolate anion is bound η1 to the Co atom. At −25 °C, the initial adduct rearranges to a fluxional μ2, η1-bound thiolate. The fluxional process is proposed to involve a concerted “walking” of the thiolate and a μ2-bound sulfide ligand on the surface of the cluster. Near 35 °C, the thiolate−cluster adduct undergoes C−S bond homolysis to give the paramagnetic anion of cluster 1 and the phenyl or alkyl radical. The...
THE ALPHA-ANOMERS AND BETA-ANOMERS OF 1-O-HEXADECYL-2-O-METHYL-3-S-THIOGLUCOSYL-SN-GLYCEROL INHIBIT THE PROLIFERATION OF EPITHELIAL CANCER CELL-LINES

Previous studies have shown that the alpha anomer of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-S-(D-1'-thioglucopyranosyl-sn-glycerol) inhibits the proliferation of leukaemic cell lines while the beta anomer was without any effect. In the present study both the alpha and beta anomers inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7, A427, A549 and T84 cells in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of the ether thioglycolipids in epithelial and leukemic cells may be different. Our studies also revealed that A549, which was the most resilient of the four cell lines to the inhibitory effects of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-methyl-glycerophosphocholine (ET18-OCH3), was the most susceptible to the effects of the ether thioglycolipids. Hence the mechanisms of action of the thioglycolipids appear to be distinct from those of ET18-OCH3. The above ether-linked thioglycolipids may therefore be prototypes of a new class of antitumour ether lipids.
In defense of sharks moral issues in hostile liquidating takeovers

In this essay we defend the view that from a purely rule-utilitarian perspective there is no sound argument favoring the immorality of hostile liquidating buyouts. All arguments favoring such a view are seriously flawed. Moreover, there are some good argument favoring the view that such buyouts may be morally obligatory from the rule-utilitarian perspective. We also defend the view that most of the “shark repellents” in the market are immoral. If we are right in our arguments there is no justification, moral or otherwise, for any form of legislation that would constrain the practice of hostile liquidating buyouts.
Diagnostic DNA testing for X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) with a hierarchical mutation screening protocol.

Albinism is a group of inherited conditions in which affected individuals have less than normal pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair compared to others of the same race and ethnic background. The prevalence of all types of albinism in the United States is estimated at 1 in 20,000, based on poor epidemiological data. X-linked Nettleship-Falls ocular albinism (XLOA, OA1) affects ~1/150,000 males in the population. XLOA effects reduce visual acuity and nystagmus, result in a mild skin and hair phenotype, and occur mostly in XY males. Female carriers of XLOA have normal visual acuity, but often show iris punctate transillumination and a classic pattern of mosaic retinal pigmentation, coarse and grainy in the macula and becoming increasingly reticular into the periphery of the retinal pigment epithelium. Studies of OA1 have shown linkage of a single gene to markers at Xp22.3-p22.2. About 48% of the reported mutations in the OA1 gene are intragenic deletions and about 43% are point mutations. We present a hierar...
Seasonal and circannual rhythms in behavioral thermoregulation and their modifications by pinealectomy in the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni

1. Sexually immature white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) were captured at monthly intervals for 20 months and individually placed in horizontal thermal gradients with seasonally appropriate photoperiods and temperature regimes and in a number of cases broad temperature ranges. Fish displayed annual variations in their diel rhythms of behavioral thermoregulation, selecting significantly higher temperatures in the scotophase (D) than the photophase (L), with maximum transitions between higher and lower preferred temperatures occurring during twilights. In the summer months fish selected significantly higher mean preferred temperatures and had significantly greater amplitudes in their diel rhythms of thermoregulation than did fish captured in the winter months. 2. There were significant seasonal differences in the effects of pinealectomy on behavioral thermoregulation. During the summer pinealectomy completely eliminated the diel rhythm of behavioral thermoregulation and resulted in preferred temperatures that were significantly higher than those chosen by intact or sham-pinealectomized fish during the scotophase. During the winter pinealectomy had minimal effects on the diel rhythm of thermoregulation, though the mean preferred temperature was higher than that chosen by intact or sham-pinealectomized individuals. These annual variations in the effects of pinealectomy on behavioral thermoregulation may arise from seasonal differences in the degree of pineal involvement in determining circadian organization, integration of the circadian processes involved in thermoregulation and photoperiodic control of thermoregulatory mechanisms. 3. In the absence of seasonal environmental cues there was an apparent ‘endogenous circannual rhythm’ in the thermoregulatory behavior of intact and pinealectomized fish. Intact fish held under a constant 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle and a thermal gradient of 4–20 °C displayed an annual rhythm of approximately 310 days in their diel rhythms of behavioral thermoregulation. Pinealectomized fish kept under these constant conditions displayed a corresponding circannual rhythm in the degree of disruption or elimination of their diel rhythm of behavioral thermoregulation.
Bilateral coronoid hyperplasia, a developmental defect

Abstract A case of bilateral coronoid hyperplasia resulting in severe limitation of mandibular motion has been presented and the literature has been reviewed. This brings the total number of reported cases to twenty-one. As in all the previous cases, this patient was male and the onset of his disorder was at the age of puberty. The coronoid processes were elongated but not malformed. The weight of evidence from the reported cases supports the contention of Rowe and others that there is an etiologic difference between unilateral and bilateral coronoid hyperplasia. Whether or not the bilateral hyperplasia is as rare as has been reported remains to be seen. It is hoped that as more practitioners become aware of the disorder, more patients may be identified and helped.
Kinetic evidence for peptide-induced oligomerization of the molecular chaperone DnaK at heat shock temperatures.

The pre-steady-state kinetics of the binding of a fluorescent peptide (dansyl-KLIGVLSSLFRPK, fVSV13) to the Escherichia coli molecular chaperone DnaK were investigated over a range of temperatures (25-42 degrees C). At 42 degrees C, over a wide range of peptide concentrations, the fVSV13 peptide bound to DnaK with biphasic kinetics: a rapid burst in the DnaK-fVSV13 signal in the first 5 s was followed by a gradual reduction in the signal over the next 100 s. The descending portion of each biphasic trace followed the equation F(t) = DeltaF exp(-kdt) + Finfinity, where DeltaF, kd, and Finfinity are the amplitude, the apparent first-order rate constant, and the fluorescence end point, respectively. Both DeltaF and kd increased with increasing concentrations of DnaK, which suggests that the loss of the DnaK-fVSV13 signal is caused by a bimolecular reaction. We propose that (i) the fVSV13 peptide binds to and induces a conformational change in the DnaK monomer [E + P right harpoon over left harpoon (EP)*]; and (ii) the conformational change promotes the formation of oligomeric DnaK-peptide complexes [En + (EP)* right harpoon over left harpoon En-EP]. The term (EP)* denotes a monomeric DnaK-peptide complex in which the bound peptide is fluorescent; En-EP denotes an oligomeric DnaK-peptide complex in which the fluorescence of the bound peptide is quenched. Numerical fitting of the stopped-flow data to reactions (i) and (ii) yielded values for the four rate constants. When the proposed kinetic model was tested by conducting experiments in the presence of excess peptide or excess ATPsconditions which inhibit oligomerizationsDnaK-fVSV13 complex formation proceeded to stable asymptotes, with no reduction in the DnaK-fVSV13 signal at long times.