cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monocyte function in cattle experimentally infected with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus.

Abstract The effects of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) on monocyte function were examined in experimentally infected cattle and in monocytes infected in vitro. Infection with the R29 isolate of BIV appeared to have relatively little effect on monocyte function in cattle during the first 2 years postinfection (PI). For the first 4 to 8 months post infection, monocyte phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus tended to be lower (P=0.06) in BIV infected calves than in control animals. After 8 months PI, however, phagocytosis became equal between the two groups. Random and chemotactic migration and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) did not appear to be affected by BIV infection. Monocytes from BIV infected cattle were able to respond to in vitro treatment with interferon γ similarly to monocytes from control cattle. Although experimental infection with BIV R29 resulted in minimal effects on monocyte function, this result could have been due either to a low virus burden in vivo or because BIV is intrinsically unable to affect monocyte function. To distinguish between these possibilities, monocytes from control, uninfected cattle were treated with BIV virus in vitro. Treatment of normal monocytes with cell-free virus significantly (P
Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography theory based on conventional chromatography

Abstract From the definitions of retention time (tR) and resolution (Rs) in conventional chromatography, two fundamental equations for the retention behaviour and resolution of neutral solutes are derived and proved to be valid in all cases of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). Two parameters, phase velocity ratio (Pr) and column availability (Aco), are introduced to reveal clearly the relationships and differences between MECC and conventional chromatography. The tR, and Rs values may be either positive or negative in MECC. A negative tR indicates that the solute migrates toward the positive electrode and a positive tR toward the negative electrode. Rs > 0 means that the solute with a smaller value of the capacity factor (k′) in the pair of solutes reaches the detector first, while Rs
Some Kind of Monstrosity: What Youth Ministry Can Learn From Heavy Metal

This article brings Slovoj Zizek’s articulation of Pauline Christianity into conversation with Norwegian Black Metal (Gorgoroth) in order to demonstrate the subversive role of popular culture as it challenges the panoptic ideological power of the status quo. Through dialogue with elements of popular culture, like Black Metal, youth ministry is reminded of its prophetic function to challenge the powers of this age as it proclaims the monstrosity of the crucified and resurrected Christ.
Neutrino–nucleus cross section at low energies

The methods of evaluating neutrino–nucleus cross section at low energies (<100 MeV) are reviewed and the most important applications of these processes are discussed. First, the neutrino–nucleon and neutrino–deuteron charged and neutral current reactions are described. These are well studied experimentally, and well understood theoretically. This is contrasted with the situation on complex nuclei where the experimental information is rare, restricted essentially to one target, 12C. The need for more benchmark experiments that should serve as test cases for theoretical evaluation, is stressed.
Quantitative electron probe microanalysis: Absorption correction uncertainty

Die Genauigkeit der Rontgenstrahl-Absorptionskorrektur fur die quantitative Mikrosondenanalyse ist von Fehlern der benutzten Parameter (Massenabschwachungskoeffizienten, Austrittswinkel und Arbeitsspannung) und auch von Ungenauigkeiten in der Form der Korrektur beeinflust. Wenn der Abschwachungskoeffizient mit 5% Genauigkeit bekannt ist, so mus die Absorptionsfunktion,f(χ), 0,8 oder groser sein, um den Korrekturfehler unter 1% zu halten. Die zur Verminderung der Absorptionskorrektur notigen Arbeitsbedingungen werden angegeben und die Vorteile eines grosen Austrittswinkels nachgewiesen. Die theoretische und experimentelle Analyse von Aluminium-Magnesium-Legierungen wird als Erlauterungsbeispiel verwendet.
To hint or not: exploring the effectiveness of search hints for complex informational tasks

Extensive previous research has shown that searchers often require assistance with query formulation and refinement. Yet, it is not clear what kind of assistance is most useful, and how effective it is both objectively (e.g., in terms of task success) and subjectively (e.g., in terms of searcher percep- tion of the search difficulty). This work describes the results of a controlled user study comparing the effects of provid- ing specific vs. generic search hints on search success and satisfaction. Our results indicate that specific search hints tend to effectively improve searcher success rates and reduce perceived effort, while generic ones can be detrimental in both search effectiveness and user satisfaction. The results of this study are an important step towards the design of future search systems that could effectively assist and guide the user in accomplishing complex search tasks.
Structure and synthesis of milk fat. X. Characterization of the major hydroxy compounds in milk lipids.

Abstract Lipids of fresh raw bovine and caprine milks were extracted under mild conditions and immediately reacted with pyruvyl chloride 2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazone. The resulting derivatives were separated and isolated by column and thinlayer chomatography. Quantification was spectrophotometrically at 402 mμ;. The l,2-diglyceride and hydroxytriglyceride fatty acids were characterized as their methyl esters utilizing gas-liquid chromatography. Concentrations in weight percent of the major classes of hydroxy compounds in the lipids of bovine herd milk were: 1,2-diglycerides 1.43 ± .11, hydroxytriglycerides .61 ± .05, and sterols .35 ± .03. Lipids of individual caprine milks yielded similar values. Following lipolytic treatment of milks from individual animals, 1,2-diglycerides tripled, whereas hdroxytriglycerides decreased slightly and sterols remained unchanged. During early lactation 1,2-diglycerides and hydroxytriglycerides increased slightly whereas sterols, composed primarily of cholesterol, decreased from a high of 1.1 to 1.2% to a normal of .3% in the bovine. Bovine mammary tissue lipids were characterized by much higher levels of sterols and slightly higher levels of 1,2-diglycerides when compared with milk lipids from the same tissue. Fatty acid composition of the 1,2-diglycerides lacked short chain fatty acids, namely butyric and caproic acids. Hydroxytriglycerides were composed of the nonnal complement of fatty acids, however fewer short chain acids were evident when compared with triglycerides from the same milk.
High school socioeconomic composition and college choice: multilevel mediation via organizational habitus, school practices, peer and staff attitudes

Qualitative research has identified college choice organizational habitus (CCOH) as an important mediating mechanism through which high school socioeconomic composition influences students’ college choice, perpetuating social reproduction and educational inequity. This study examines the mediation effects of 2 general forms of CCOH: normative structures (i.e., school practices directed towards preparing students for college studies) and the collective postsecondary attitudes of school peers, family, and school staff. The results indicate that socioeconomic composition has a substantial effect on college choice and that slightly more than half of the total effect is mediated by CCOH. Collective attitudes had the largest mediation effect of the 2 general forms of CCOH with peer attitudes being by far the most potent single measure followed by staff attitudes. These findings suggest that socioeconomic segregation of adolescents in schools perpetuates social reproduction and addressing that inequity may requi...
Pointwise local pattern exploration for sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis is a powerful method for discovering the significant factors that contribute to targets and understanding the interaction between variables in multivariate datasets. A number of sensitivity analysis methods fall into the class of local analysis, in which the sensitivity is defined as the partial derivatives of a target variable with respect to a group of independent variables. Incorporating sensitivity analysis in visual analytic tools is essential for multivariate phenomena analysis. However, most current multivariate visualization techniques do not allow users to explore local patterns individually for understanding the sensitivity from a pointwise view. In this paper, we present a novel pointwise local pattern exploration system for visual sensitivity analysis. Using this system, analysts are able to explore local patterns and the sensitivity at individual data points, which reveals the relationships between a focal point and its neighbors. During exploration, users are able to interactively change the derivative coefficients to perform sensitivity analysis based on different requirements as well as their domain knowledge. Each local pattern is assigned an outlier factor, so that users can quickly identify anomalous local patterns that do not conform with the global pattern. Users can also compare the local pattern with the global pattern both visually and statistically. Finally, the local pattern is integrated into the original attribute space using color mapping and jittering, which reveals the distribution of the partial derivatives. Case studies with real datasets are used to investigate the effectiveness of the visualizations and interactions.
Bioenergetic dysfunction and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: a possible connection

Inflammation is observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) subject brains. Inflammation-relevant genes are increasingly implicated in AD genetic studies, and inflammatory cytokines to some extent even function as peripheral biomarkers. What underlies AD inflammation is unclear, but no "foreign" agent has been implicated. This suggests that internally produced damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) molecules may drive inflammation in AD. A more complete characterization and understanding of AD-relevant DAMPs could advance our understanding of AD and suggest novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we consider the possibility that mitochondria, intracellular organelles that resemble bacteria in many ways, trigger and maintain chronic inflammation in AD subjects. Data supporting the possible nexus between AD-associated bioenergetic dysfunction are discussed.
The JUPITER Trial: Myth or Reality?

The JUPITER trial is widely hailed as a landmark trial that has the potential to dramatically change the landscape of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Like most trials, however, it is not without its limitations. We address some of the common myths and misunderstandings that are underscored by the JUPITER trial. First, by its intentional and ill-advised exclusion of patients with low levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), it is not possible to assess whether baseline hsCRP modifies treatment response to statins or whether it identifies patients most likely to benefit from statin therapy. Second, by stopping the trial early, one cannot rule out the possibility that the treatment benefit was overestimated and risk was underestimated, thereby precluding a reliable estimate of benefit/risk. Finally, as a consequence of early stopping, it is not possible to reliably assess the cost-effectiveness of primary prevention with rosuvastatin. Given these limitations, the attendant societal health policy implications remain largely unknown.
New method for determining tie-lines in coexisting membrane phases using spin-label ESR

A full description of coexisting phases includes their respective compositions, which are provided by the thermodynamic tie-lines. Fluorescence microscopy enables visualization of coexisting lipid phases in giant unilamellar phases, but the composition information is missing. For cholesterol-containing lipid mixtures, knowledge of the compositions of the coexisting phases is important for understanding the nature of bmembrane raftsQ. We propose and demonstrate a new method, based on ESR spectroscopy, for determining tie-lines in regions of two-phase coexistence in a ternary lipid mixture. Over 100 different lipid compositions containing the spin-labeled phospholipid 16-PC in or near the two-phase coexistence region of the liquid-disordered and the gel phases of dipalmitoyl-PC/dilauroyl-PC/cholesterol (DPPC/DLPC/ Chol) were studied to determine five tie-lines, spread over virtually the full range of this coexistence region. The method is based on the facts that (1) along a tie-line the ESR spectrum must be a superposition of the two ESR spectra from the respective single phases at the phase boundaries (connected by the tie-line) in a ratio given by the lever rule; (2) along a tie-line the partition coefficient, Kp, for the spin-label, which is also determined in our method, must be constant. We do find that Kp for 16-PC is close to unity, but its value depends on the particular tie-line. The coexisting phases in equilibrium are characterized by the Kp of the spin-label and its respective dynamic parameters obtained from fitting the ESR spectra to dynamical models. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Collaborative Leadership at Ripon College

ABSTRACT Lane Library's director left in 2002 during a time of financial uncertainty and administrative change at Ripon College. A temporary recommendation to utilize the talents of the remaining librarians to oversee the library until a new administration was in place was accepted by the librarians and the interim administration. After a great deal of research and discussion, the library implemented a permanent rotating chair model based on collaborative leadership to replace the position of Library Director.
The critique of the "Philosophes de ruelles" in Ninon de Lenclos's "La Coquette Vengee".

(1999). The Critique of the 'Philosophes de Ruelles' in Ninon de Lenclos's La Coquette Vengee. Seventeenth-Century French Studies: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 173-182.
Computer algorithm for automated detection and quantification of microaneurysms and hemorrhages (HMAs) in color retinal images

This paper presents a computer algorithm for automatic quantification of HMAs in a color retinal image. The algorithm begins with an image quality test. If the image is determined to be useful (normal), image processing and pattern recognition techniques are then applied. The image processing techniques employed are designed to achieve three purposes, image enhancement, noise removal, and most importantly, image normalization. It is followed by the detection of (1) optic disc and macula, (2) flame and blot hemorrhages, and (3) dot hemorrhages and microaneurysms. A special polar coordinate system centered at the macula is proposed. Such a coordinate system is particularly attractive in describing the location of a lesion relative to the center of the macula. In addition, it can be viewed as a 'spider net' and thus can be used to catch hemorrhages of large size, e.g., flame and blot hemorrhages, they way a spider net to catch insects. The spider net, however, will not work for the detection of microaneurysms and dot hemorrhages, because their sizes are too small to be caught by the net. A method specially designed for the detection of microaneurysms and dot hemorrhages is presented. It uses a sequence of seven automatically globally- thresholding binary images, obtained from the pre-processed normalized image, and a set of matched filters using only binary coefficients for differentiating HMAs and blood vessels. At the end, a computer printout of list of all the HMAs detected and their sizes and locations is given. Over four hundred color fundus photographs including standard fundus photographs are used to test the system. It should be pointed out that the sensitivity of this system can be adjusted by the user. By comparing the computer detected and quantified HMAs with the manual counts, it is found that the results are quite satisfactory. Therefore, we conclude that with the sensitivity of the system adjusted to human experts, this system can provide an automatic, objective, and repeatable way to quantify HMAs accurately.
Comparison of coolant flow predictions with those measured on a full-scale mockup of a pebble bed reactor core

Abstract In a companion paper, a mathematical model for the analysis of coupled thermal-hydraulic problems in steady-state, axisymmetric pebble bed nuclear reactor cores was presented. In this paper, predictions by the computer code PEBBLE, which is based on the previously reported model, are compared with flow measurements from the full-scale mockup of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Pebble Bed Reactor Experiment. The code PEBBLE is shown to adequately predict distributions and magnitudes of velocity and pressure for high Reynolds number flows in packed sphere beds. Limitations of the code and its ability to adequately calculate flow distributions in large pebble bed power reactors are discussed.
N4C-alkyl-N4C cross-linked DNA: Bending deformations in duplexes that contain a -CNG- interstrand cross-link

Short DNA duplexes containing a 1,3-N4C−alkyl−N4C interstrand cross-link that joins the two C residues of a −CNG− sequence were prepared using either a phosphoramidite or convertible nucleoside approach. The alkyl cross-link consists of 2, 4, or 7 methylene groups. The duplexes, which contain a seven-base-pair core and A3/T3 complementary 3‘-overhanging ends, were characterized by enzymatic digestion and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Ultraviolet thermal denaturation studies showed that the duplexes denature in a cooperative manner and that the length of the cross-link affects the thermal stability. Thus, the transition temperature of the ethyl cross-linked duplex, 42 °C, is 16 °C higher than the melting temperature of the corresponding non-cross-linked control, whereas the transition temperatures of the butyl and heptyl cross-linked duplexes, 73 and 72 °C, respectively, are 46−47 °C higher. The reduced molecularity of denaturation of the cross-linked duplexes versus melting of the non-cross-linked duplex m...
Serving Students with Disabilities in Distance Education Programs

Abstract Flexibility in location, scheduling, and delivery of courses and programs through distance education can provide disabled students with what may be their first real access to higher education. Distance educators must stay abreast of developments (particularly technological developments) that will improve future services; in this way, they can take a proactive stance in providing and delivering courses, instruction, and testing in accessible formats. This article states a philosophy for serving disabled learners and describes practical applications of that philosophy for distance education programs based on the experiences of the Independent Study program at the University of Wisconsin‐Extension. Issues addressed include information dissemination, planning, instruction, testing, and faculty training and support.
Pitfalls in Diagnosis: Pediatric Musculoskeletal Tumors

In general, the 5-year survival for patients with most types of sarcomas has doubled since the 1970s; improved chemotherapy, surgery, radiographic, and pathologic techniques all have contributed to this accomplishment. The 5-year survival for patients with osteosarcoma, like most sarcomas, is approximately 60% when the disease is treated with appropriate chemotherapy, surgery or radiation therapy. The details of treatment are complex and many controversies remain. The initial workup, biopsy, chemotherapy, and surgery should be delivered by a center with experience in the treatment of sarcomas.
The use of computer games as foreign language learning tasks for digital natives

Abstract Although children's use of computer games as tools for learning foreign languages (FL) is on the rise, we know little about which game elements aid in the FL-learning process. Adhering to Pinter's (2014) call for conducting research with children as opposed to research on children, this study asked children working in groups to design computer games to help them learn FL vocabulary. Our aim was to better understand the elements and structures that, from children's points of view, are both attractive and effective for FL learning. The participants were 82 sixth-grade students (11–12 year olds) enrolled in a public primary school in Japan. The children first discussed and identified game elements and vocabulary learning elements while examining existing games. Next, they worked in groups to design computer games based on the elements they identified, presented the game designs in class using storyboards, and evaluated their own game designs and those of their peers. The children identified 16 game elements and 8 learning elements. Among the learning elements the children identified were repeating/reviewing, using multiple modalities and means, and having control over their own learning. Game elements valued by the children included challenging, fantasies, self-control, instant feedback, and applause.
INFLUENCE OF VESICULAR–ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA ON THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF ROOTS OF TWO CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS

Summary Carrizo citrange (CC) and sour orange (SO) seedlings were grown in a low phosphorus (P) sandy soil and either inoculated with Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith or fertilized with soluble P. Mycorrhizal seedlings had nutritionally sufficient levels of leaf P, non-mycorrhizal plants of similar size were P-deficient. The root–shoot ratio of both rootstocks was reduced by mycorrhizal colonization, but root hydraulic conductivity per unit root length of mycorrhizal CC and SO was more than twice that of non-mycorrhizal seedlings under well-watered conditions. Mycorrhizal plants also had significantly higher transpiration rates when standardized on a root length basis, and greater transpiration appeared to be related to the increased conductivity of roots. Flow of water to roots via hyphae alone could not account for the greater water uptake by mycorrhizal roots. Apparently, mycorrhizal enchancement of P nutrition was primarily responsible for the greater conductivity of roots since no differences were found between root hydraulic conductivity of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal CC of equal P status under well-watered conditions.
Recurrent multilayer perceptron for nonlinear system identification

A hybrid feedforward/feedback neural network, namely a recurrent multilayer perceptron, is used to identify nonlinear dynamic systems in an input/output sense. The feedforward portion of the network architecture provides the well-known curve-fitting character, while the local information feedback, through recurrency and crosstalk, permits the capture of the temporal aspects of the unknown system. A dynamic learning algorithm is used to train the proposed network in a supervised manner. The derived dynamic learning algorithm exhibits a computationally desirable characteristic: both network sweeps involved in the algorithm are performed forward, enhancing its parallel implementation. The capability of the recurrent multilayer perceptron network to identify nonlinear systems, using dynamic backpropagation learning, is demonstrated through a simple example. The simulation results are encouraging, though test of the identification method on a real-world system is still under investigation. >
Parametric stress analysis of bonded “combination-materials” type of orthodontic brackets

The finite element analysis method and a two-dimensional idealization were used to conduct a detailed parametric study of the stresses in and displacement of models of bonded edgewise "combination-materials" type of orthodontic brackets when subjected to loading and constraint conditions that are deemed to be the same as those that exist in vivo. A "combination-materials" type bracket is herein defined as one in which different materials are used in fabricating the main body and the archwire slot. The present study was conducted in three parts. In Part 1, 16 model cases were analyzed, involving 4 different combinations of materials (for the main body of the bracket and its archwire slot) and 4 different overall bracket configurations (comprising main body, base and slot). The focus of Part 2 was the model bracket configuration that was, on the basis of Part 1 results, deemed to show the "optimum performance". In this part, the parameter investigated was the value of the modulus of elasticity of the adhesive, Eadh. In Part 3, the concept of an efficiency index of the bonded bracket-archwire system, eta, was introduced and explained. The dependence of eta on stated characteristics of a rectangular archwire, for the "optimum performance" model, was explored. Part 1 results led to the conclusion that the "optimum performance" model has equally angulated buccal and lingual edges and the main body and archwire slot are fabricated from glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate and stainless steel, respectively. Part 2 results showed that, for the aforementioned "optimum performance" model, the longitudinal displacement of the archwire slot is fairly insensitive to Eadh. Part 3 results showed that eta is intimately related to each of the wire characteristics studied (namely cross-sectional dimensions, "interbracket distance" and modulus of rigidity of the material).
GWindows: robust stereo vision for gesture-based control of windows

Perceptual user interfaces promise modes of fluid computer-human interaction that complement the mouse and keyboard, and have been especially motivated in non-desktop scenarios, such as kiosks or smart rooms. Such interfaces, however, have been slow to see use for a variety of reasons, including the computational burden they impose, a lack of robustness outside the laboratory, unreasonable calibration demands, and a shortage of sufficiently compelling applications. We address these difficulties by using a fast stereo vision algorithm for recognizing hand positions and gestures. Our system uses two inexpensive video cameras to extract depth information. This depth information enhances automatic object detection and tracking robustness, and may also be used in applications. We demonstrate the algorithm in combination with speech recognition to perform several basic window management tasks, report on a user study probing the ease of using the system, and discuss the implications of such a system for future user interfaces.
The year in review: perioperative medicine 2013.

In the final review article, Dr Eugene Hessel has authored a comprehensive review titled “Management of Patients With Implanted Ventricular Assist Devices for Noncardiac Surgery: A Clinical Review.” The number of ventricular assist devices implanted annually in the United States is increasing yearly, with more and more patients obtaining these devices for destination therapy. This group of patients will therefore begin to present for noncardiac surgery with increasing frequency. There is no consensus at this time as to whether patients with ventricular assist devices should be cared for by cardiac anesthesiologists, or generalists, thus it is imperative that we all begin to gain a comfort level with these devices. Second to this is the perioperative care of these patients, as they will need appropriate pre- and postoperative care based on the presence of the device. Dr Hessel has reviewed in great detail the current evidence for this group of patients and laid out clinical recommendations that can be followed by any practitioner. Finally, the March issue features 2 intriguing clinical challenges articles. The first article, authored by Drs Setty, Bello, and Leff, describes a novel approach for using epicardial ultrasound to identify the coronary arteries on the surgical field. The second article covers anesthetic and surgical consideration for cardiac surgery in the setting of Pemphigus vulgaris, authored by Drs Takahashi, Rhee, Rakasi, Yildirim, Silvay, and Reddy. Both articles are well written and interesting clinical challenges.
Cyclophilin B Supports Myc and Mutant p53-Dependent Survival of Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells

These results define the protein chaperone cyclophilin B as a promising molecular target for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, with immediate clinical implications for repositioning the approved drug cyclosporin as a potential therapeutic to treat this aggressive malignancy.
N-Terminal processing: the methionine aminopeptidase and Nα-acetyl transferase families

Removal of the initiator methionine and/or acetylation of the alpha-amino group are among the earliest possible chemical modifications that occur during protein synthesis in eukaryotes. These events are catalyzed by methionine aminopeptidase and N alpha-acetyltransferase, respectively. Recent advances in the isolation and characterization of these enzymes indicate that they exist as isoforms that vary in cellular location, function, and evolutionary origins.
Cutting Edge: Direct Recognition of Infected Cells by CD4 T Cells Is Required for Control of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Vivo

Effector T cells control intracellular infection by secreting cytokines and through contact-dependent cytolysis. Because cytokines can diffuse and act at a distance, we determined whether cytokine diffusion is sufficient to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis or whether direct recognition of infected cells by CD4 T cells is required. Using MHC class II (MHC II) mixed bone marrow chimeras, we compared the bacterial burdens in lung myeloid cells that were capable (MHC II(+/+)) or not (MHC II(-/-)) of being recognized by CD4 T cells. MHC II(+/+) cells had lower bacterial burdens than did MHC II(-/-) cells. CD4 T cell depletion increased the number of bacteria associated with MHC II(+/+)cells but not MHC II(-/-) cells, indicating that direct recognition of infected cells by CD4 T cells is required for control of intracellular M. tuberculosis. These results show that the effector mechanisms required for CD4 T cell control of distinct intracellular pathogens differ and that long-range cytokine diffusion does not contribute to control of M. tuberculosis.
Foreign Policy-Making and Administrative Politics

Serious literature about foreign policy, when it is not primarily historical, can be classed in three ways. It is either pragmatic, attempting to solve specific problems through a mastery of specific data; or it is what I will call unitary, arguing for comprehensive solutions on the basis of some general vision of the truth; or it is pluralistic, asserting the value of many approaches and denying the certainty of any one.
Whither Jewish Music? Jewish Studies, Music Scholarship, and the Tilt Between Seminary and University

In this essay, I explore the history of what has conventionally been described as “Jewish music” research in relation to parallel developments in both ethnomusicology and Jewish studies in the American academic world during the twentieth century. As a case study, I argue, the issues inherent in understanding Jewish music's historical trajectory offer a complex portrait of scholarship that spans the discourses of community, practice, identity, and ideology. Subject to the principles of Wissenschaft since the second half of the nineteenth century, Jewish music study has constantly negotiated the lines between the scholar and practitioner; between the seminary, the conservatory, and the university; between the good of science, the assertion of a coherent Jewish narrative in history, and the perceived need to reconnect an attenuating Jewish populace with its reinvented traditions; and between the core questions of musicology, comparative musicology, theology, and modern ethnomusicology.
Statistical Evaluation of Electromigration Reliability at Chip Level

Chip level electromigration (EM) reliability is determined by: 1) the element level EM failure probability used for design guideline generation; and 2) the distribution of EM elements against design limits. Balancing these two factors is critical for a chip design to achieve the best performance while maintaining chip level EM reliability. This paper discusses the relationship between element level and chip level EM failure probability and provides examples of EM evaluation of chip designs.
Superconducting microstrip antennas: an experimental comparison of two feeding methods

The recent discovery of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) has generated a substantial amount of interest in microstrip antenna applications. However, the high permittivity of substrates compatible with HTS causes difficulty in feeding such antennas because of the high patch edge impedance. Two methods for feeding HTS microstrip antennas at K- and Ka-band are examined. Superconducting microstrip antennas that are directly coupled and gas-coupled to a microstrip transmission line have been designed and fabricated on lanthanum aluminate substrates using Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films. Measurements from these antennas, including input impedance, bandwidth, efficiency, and patterns, are presented and compared with published models. The measured results demonstrate that usable antennas can be constructed using either of these architectures, although the antennas suffer from narrow bandwidths. In each case, the HTS antenna shows a substantial improvement over an identical antenna made with normal metals. >
Experiments in evidential locative reasoning

Describes efforts to develop a novel evidential approach to autonomous locative reasoning that shows promise of overcoming the computational burden of using Cartesian maps, and reduces the need to instrument environments. An example of a set of experiments being conducted to evaluate the author's evidential approach is provided.
Clinical outcome of vertebral compression fracture after single fraction spine radiosurgery for spinal metastases.

Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) occurs after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for spine metastasis. Recently, single fraction radiosurgery (sfSRS) is used more frequently. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical outcome of VCF after sfSRS. Spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) criteria were used to retrospectively score 143 consecutive vertebral segments in 79 patients treated with SRS. Follow-up MRI, pain, and neurologic assessments obtained every 3–6 months. Pain also scored at 7, 14, and 30 days after sfSRS. Follow up was 16 ± 18 months ±SD, range 3–78. Long-term radiographic control occurred in 94 % of cases. Pain improvement resulted within 7 days in 100 % of cases with severe pain and sustained long-term in 95 %. VCF occurred in 21 % of segments: 30 % were de novo VCF. The overall 1 year fracture free probability (1yFFP) was 76 %. Pre-existing VCF resulted in higher probability to progress: 1yFFP 90 versus 60 %. Symptoms presented in 6 % of cases with de novo VCF and 39 % with progressive. The former were treated with vertebral augmentation (VA), the latter with open surgery. Surgery/VA prior to SRS did not change risk of progressive VCF. Univariate but not multivariate analysis identified histology (colorectal), pre-existing VCF, and pain (severe) as significant predictors of VCF. In conclusion, sfSRS compares favourably to SBRT for radiographic and pain control with similar VCF risk. Patients with pre-existing VCF have a higher probability to progress, become symptomatic, and require surgery. These results may help discussing risk and benefits with patients undergoing sfSRS for spinal metastasis and developing new treatment algorithms.
Race and Sports in America: An Historical Overview

Although sport is one of the dominating cultural practices in the social life of the United States, it traditionally was viewed as a discrete social phenomenon largely untouched by the problems of American society. In challenging this traditional portrayal, scholars often characterize sport as a "microcosm of society." As such, sport has revealed the dominant attitudes and practices regarding race relations in the United States throughout the country's history. Consistent with this conceptualization of sport, this article provides an historical overview of the experiences of blacks in American sports. Beginning with the slavery era of American history, the article demonstrates that African American's experiences in sports have largely paralleled their experiences in the broader dimensions of American society.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood: identification of two distinct regions of deletion on the short arm of chromosome 12 in the region of TEL and KIP1

Cytogenetic analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of childhood identified nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 12. The alterations include deletions that are thought to be indicative of the presence of a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated on the remaining allele. To refine further the chromosomal localization of this gene, we analyzed the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 12 in 100 primary ALL samples using 22 polymorphic markers and identified two distinct smallest common deleted regions on chromosome 12p13. One region is flanked by D12S77 and D12S98 and has a size of 4 cM. Twenty-six percent of informative patients showed LOH in this region. This region may contain the TEL gene. The other region is flanked by D12S269 and D12S308 including the KIP1 gene. Forty-four percent of informative patients showed LOH in this second region. Mutational analysis of KIP1 using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and Southern blot analysis showed no homozygous deletions and point mutations suggesting that the altered gene in this second region is not the KIP1. Clinical data showed that LOH of 12p was demonstrated more frequently in precursor-B ALLs (32 of 80; 40%) than in T-ALLs (1 of 20; 5%) (P = .0027). Furthermore, patients with 12p LOH were younger (P = .013), with a lower DNA index (P = .046), but they had the same survival rates at 3 years. In summary, these data suggest that two different tumor suppressor genes are on chromosome arm 12p, which act separately in the development of childhood precursor-B ALLs. One of the tumor suppressor genes is in the region the KIP1 gene, but our data suggest this gene is not abnormal. The other target is in the region of the TEL gene; and this candidate deserves further study.
Identification and Control Measures of Occupational Hazards in A Thermal Power Plant Phase 3 Expansion Project

[Objective]To identify and analyze the potential occupational hazards in phase 3 expansion project of a thermal power plant,and explore the prevention and control measures.[Methods]On-site occupational health survey and Testing methods for detection of occupational hazards were performed.[Results]The production process may produce coal dust,silica dust,chemical toxicant,noise,heat,power frequency high voltage electric field,electromagnetic radiation and other occupational hazards,with dust,noise and heat as the major occupational hazards in this plant.[Conclusion]Prevention and treatment of the existed occupational hazards in this plant should be controlled and treated by taking practical protective facilities and measures on occupational hazards control points,especially prevention of coal dust,heat and noise protection.
Technology to help family carers: innovative U.S. dissemination strategies.

Life could be easier, safer, and more independent for millions of older Americans if their homes were better suited to their changing needs. The most common less felt by those growing older can be compensated for to some degree through the use of technology products and or home modification. Most older adults noting difficulty in routine activities attribute the cause to physical change within their own body. The older adult or carer rarely considers the fact that the home itself or the tools chosen for activity performance may be exaggerating an individual's changing abilities. Implementation of the programs described in this paper increase community education potential. Consumers, carers, and service providers can better recognize the utility of technology as a strategy for more successful aging.
Mendelian inheritance. Autosomal patterns.

The first approach to analysis of the inheritance pattern of mendelian diseases depends on whether the mutant gene or genes are located on one of the 44 (22 pairs) autosomes or on the one or two X chromosomes. No human disease is known to be associated with a mutant gene on the Y chromosome. In the autosomaldominant inheritance pattern, a mutant gene is inherited from one parent; in the autosomal-recessive pattern, it is inherited from each parent.
High-Resolution Mobility Analysis of Charge-Reduced Electrosprayed Protein Ions

Many mobility studies (IMS) of electrospray ions with charge states z reduced to unity have shown a singular ability to analyze large protein complexes and viruses, though with wide mobility peaks (fwhm ∼ 20%). Here we confirm that this limitation arises primarily when early charge reduction precedes drop evaporation (suppressing secondary atomization by the usual sequence of many Coulomb explosions). By drying before neutralizing, we achieve a protein fwhm of ∼3.7%. A positively biased electrospraying capillary is coaxial with a cylindrical charge-reduction (CR) chamber coated with radioactive Ni-63 (10 mCi) that fills the CR chamber with a bipolar ionic atmosphere. A screen interposed between the spraying capillary and the CR chamber limits penetration of the neutralizing anions into the electrospray (ES) chamber, precluding destabilization of the ES tip, even when brought very close to the grid to enhance ion transmission. As ES cations cross the grid, driven by their own space charge, they recombine w...
Nursing Education Programs By Staff Development Specialists

Staff development specialists were surveyed regarding their reasons for participation in continuing nursing education programs. Hospital-based staff development specialists (n = 279) from American Hospital Association member facilities responded to the Participation Reasons Scale (PRS). Using a Likert scale 1 to 7 rating, mean scores ranged from 3.52 to 6.40. There were significant differences in the responses of certified and noncertified staff development specialists for four items. Those with a mandatory requirement for continuing education responded differently from those without the requirement. Findings can help continuing education professionals make decisions about programming.
Characterization of the UL33 Gene Product of Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Abstract The U L 33 protein is one of six genes (including U L 6, U L 15, U L 17, U L 28, and U L 32) required for cleavage of viral concatemeric DNA into unit-length genomes and packaging of the virus genomes into preformed capsids. The U L 25 gene product is dispensable for cleavage of viral DNA but essential for packaging of DNA into capsids. A polyclonal antiserum was produced against an affinity-purified protein containing the full-length U L 33 gene product of herpes simplex virus 1 fused to glutathione- S -transferase. A protein of approximate M r 19,000 that reacted with the antiserum was detected in immunoblots of herpes simplex virus 1-infected cellular lysates. This protein was not detected in lysates of mock-infected cells or cells infected with a mutant virus containing a stop codon in U L 33, indicating that the 19,000 M r protein is the product of the U L 33 open reading frame. The U L 33 gene product was not detected in purified virions or capsids. Accumulation of the U L 33 protein to detectable levels required viral DNA synthesis, indicating that the protein was regulated as a late gene. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that U L 33 protein accumulated predominantly within replication compartments in the central domains of infected cell nuclei and within the cytoplasm. Localization of the U L 33 gene product in replication compartments was maintained in cells infected with a variety of cleavage/packaging mutants.
Cutinase deficient mutants of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are nonpathogenic to papaya fruit

Mutants of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , the causal agent of papaya anthracnose, which are deficient in cutinase production and are nonpathogenic to papaya fruit have been obtained. Survivors (5285) of treatment of pathogen spores with four different mutagens (UV radiation, N -methyl- N -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethane sulphonate, HNO 2 ) were screened for cutinase production in a rapid and selective plate assay. Two isolates were apparently identical to the wild-type except in cutinase production. To further confirm their Cut − phenotype, the spores of the two mutants were inoculated into a liquid medium containing papaya cutin as the sole carbon source. No visual growth by either mutant was observed and filtrates from neither culture reacted with rabbit anticutinase nor showed esterase activity as determined by hydrolysis of PNB. In a laboratory fruit bioassay, the cutinase deficient mutants failed to infect intact papaya surfaces; however, they produced normal lesions when papaya fruit surfaces were either artificially wounded or treated with purified C. gloeosporioides cutinase prior to inoculation. These studies offer further confirming evidence that C. gloeosporioides breaches papaya cuticle with cutinase.
Reduction of acquisition time through new design for assembly heuristics

Rearranging component positions and orientations inside products can reduce the acquisition times associated with handling distance and component orientation. Modeling the acquisition process with an information-based Design for Assembly methodology identifies and quantifies acquisition difficulty for manual and automatic processes. Heuristics based on evaluations of acquisition difficulty guide the relocation and orientation of components inside the product to reduce assembly time. Since acquisition time averages one third of the total assembly time, significant improvements are shown to be feasible.
Direct measurement of the effect of cold rolling on β phase precipitation kinetics in 5xxx series aluminum alloys

The aluminum magnesium alloy system has notable attributes, such as a high strength to weight ratio and weldability, but it can become susceptible to sensitization at relatively low temperatures, which can lead to stress corrosion cracking. It is well established that growth of the secondary β phase is temperature driven, however there is little understanding about the role of prior strain in the β phase nucleation and growth process. Understanding the effect of cold rolling will also bring new insight into better thermomechanical treatments leading to a more appropriate temper to improve sensitization resistance. In this study cold rolled AA5456-H116 is observed during in situ transmission electron microscopy heating experiments. The results of this study show the impact of an increased dislocation density, due to cold rolling, on β phase precipitation as well as the effect of misorientation on growth and kinetics. The effect of additional dislocations is also observed to show an increase in precipitate density and a lowering of nucleation temperature attributed to Mg pipe diffusion.