cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Change of state verbs and result state adjectives in Mandarin Chinese

This paper investigates the derivational relationship between adjectives and verbs in Mandarin Chinese describing related state, change of state (COS) and caused COS meanings. Such paradigms have been observed in various languages to fall into two categories: One in which a word naming a property concept state constitutes the derivational base for the related COS verbs, and another in which a COS verb forms the basis from which the stative word – a ‘result state’ predicate – is derived. I show that in Mandarin, the distinction between morphological paradigms based on property-concept words versus eventive verbs is also found, but the actual derivational relations between verbs and adjectives are influenced by language-particular morphological properties of Mandarin. Specifically, I argue that a gradable property concept adjective systematically alternates to a related COS verb. This alternation, which can be tapped by degree modification and negation contexts, distinguishes adjectives from stative verbs, which do not have consistent COS counterparts, and from underived intransitive COS verbs, which do not have systematic stative counterparts. That is, I show that COS verbs do not lend themselves to the systematic derivation of result state adjectives. Rather, I argue that result state adjectives in Mandarin arise from conceptual-pragmatic factors: The nominal modified by such a result state adjective should be understood as describing a culturally or contextually salient class of entities.
NaBr Poisoning of Au/TiO 2 Catalysts: Effects on Kinetics, Poisoning Mechanism, and Estimation of the Number of Catalytic Active Sites

Sodium bromide was used to intentionally poison a commercial Au/TiO2 catalyst with the goals of understanding the nature of halide poisoning and evaluating the number and nature of the catalytic active sites. A series of eight poisoned catalysts were prepared by impregnating the parent catalyst with methanolic solutions of NaBr. Each catalyst was tested with CO oxidation catalysis under differential reactor conditions; O2 reaction orders and Arrhenius activation energies were determined for each material. All of the kinetic data, including a Michaelis–Menten analysis, indicated that the primary effect of adding NaBr was to reduce the number of catalytically active sites. Density functional theory calculations, employed to evaluate likely binding sites for NaBr, showed that NaBr binds more strongly to Au corner and edge atoms than it does to the titania support or to exposed Au face atoms. Infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, along with a Temkin analysis of the data, was also used to evaluate changes to t...
Microarray analyses reveal novel targets of exercise-induced stress resistance in the dorsal raphe nucleus

Serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in the development of stress-related mood disorders in humans. Physical activity reduces the risk of developing stress-related mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. In rats, 6 weeks of wheel running protects against stress-induced behaviors thought to resemble symptoms of human anxiety and depression. The mechanisms by which exercise confers protection against stress-induced behaviors, however, remain unknown. One way by which exercise could generate stress resistance is by producing plastic changes in gene expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The DRN has a high concentration of 5-HT neurons and is implicated in stress-related mood disorders. The goal of the current experiment was to identify changes in the expression of genes that could be novel targets of exercise-induced stress resistance in the DRN. Adult, male F344 rats were allowed voluntary access to running wheels for 6 weeks; exposed to inescapable stress or no stress; and sacrificed immediately and 2 h after stressor termination. Laser capture micro dissection selectively sampled the DRN. mRNA expression was measured using the whole genome Affymetrix microarray. Comprehensive data analyses of gene expression included differential gene expression, log fold change (LFC) contrast analyses with False Discovery Rate correction, KEGG and Wiki Web Gestalt pathway enrichment analyses, and Weighted Gene Correlational Network Analysis (WGCNA). Our results suggest that physically active rats exposed to stress modulate expression of twice the number of genes, and display a more rapid and strongly coordinated response, than sedentary rats. Bioinformatics analyses revealed several potential targets of stress resistance including genes that are related to immune processes, tryptophan metabolism, and circadian/diurnal rhythms.
The Rise and Routinization of Social Capital, 1988–2008

Social capital has not merely risen as a social scientific term in the scholarly literature; it has become routinized into everyday conversation and policy discourse across an extraordinarily diverse set of disciplines and substantive domains in countries around the world. It currently enjoys citation counts some 100 times larger than it did just 20 years ago and its popularity continues apace, despite numerous trenchant criticisms. Some of the reasons for the rise and routinization of social capital are explored, especially as they pertain to issues of primary concern to political science, namely collective action, economic development, and democratic governance (issues made especially salient by Putnam 1993). While ongoing debate is to be welcomed and rigor from individual scholars required, social capital must continue to do double duty: providing for diverse audiences a simple and intuitively appealing way of highlighting the intrinsic and instrumental importance of social relationships, while also yi...
Baker heads JOI

D. James Baker, Jr., dean of the College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle, has been appointed to a 2-year term as president of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), a consortium of 10 academic oceanographic institutions. Baker, who has been working parttime in the position since May 15, will begin working full-time at JOI on November 1. Baker will be on leave from his post at the University of Washington while he is at JOI headquarters in Washington, D.C.; an interim dean has not yet been appointed. Among the tasks Baker envisions for JOI is to work with other groups, including such National Research Council boards as the Board on Ocean Science and Policy (BOSP), on a long-range plan for the use of satellites in oceanography. Baker is a member of BOSP. JOI also plans to submit a proposal on July 15 to the National Science Foundation for the management of the Advanced Ocean Drilling Program (AODP) with Texas A&M University as the scientific operator. A decision on the proposal is expected in early fall, Baker said.
The intensities of the infra-red absorption bands of n-paraffin hydrocarbons

Abstract The first part of this paper is concerned with the measurement of molecular extinction coefficients in the infra-red region of the spectrum, using both single-pass and double-pass prism spectrometers of conventional design. The absolute accuracy of such measurements cannot be evaluated at present, as suitable reference standards are not available. Several factors are discussed which must be taken into consideration before such standards can be established. The second part of the paper deals with the molecular extinction coefficients of the principal absorption bands in the spectra of the homologous series of n-paraffin hydrocarbons from hexane to hexatriacontane. The values of ϵ(a)max, when plotted against the number of methylene groups in the chain, yield linear graphs with positive slopes. The significance of these slopes, and of the intercepts of the lines with the zero ordinate axis are considered in relationship to the vibrational assignments of the bands. Particular interest is attached to the region between 1490 and 1440 cm−1. An analysis of the band envelope indicates the presence of a third peak near 1460 cm−1, in addition to the well-established methylene and methyl bands at 1467 and 1457 cm−1.
The Use of Alternative Dispute Resolution Techniques to Resolve Public Sector Bargaining Disputes

Labor organizations and employers have used various dispute resolution techniques to assist them with contract negotiations and contractual grievances. They have used negotiation, mediation, and arbitration since the 1800s. When the ADR movement was developed for conventional legal disputes, many of the techniques adopted were derived from the industrial relations movement. As states enacted public sector bargaining laws granting representational rights to state and local government employees, the parties had to determine how to resolve controversies over the terms to be included in new contracts and over grievances arising under existing accords. Most states refused to allow government personnel to strike, and even states that did permit such work stoppages banned them by essential workers. As public sector disputes began to create problems for bargaining parties, they started to focus on newly recognized ADR techniques, such as mediation and binding arbitration. In the end, many have incorporated the very techniques which private sector labor parties had created decades earlier.
1.65 μm buffer-free GaSb/AlGaSb quantum-well diode lasers grown on a GaAs substrate operating at room temperature

We present a 1.65 μm GaSb/AlGaSb quantum-well (QW) laser operating at room temperature, grown buffer-free on a GaAs substrate. The enabling technology in this device is a layer of interfacial misfit dislocations (IMF) that completely relieve the strain between the GaAs substrate and the GaSb epi-layer without the use of thick metamorphic buffers. The IMF array is localized to the GaAs/GaSb interface, allowing current to pass through electrically pumped devices without the detrimental effects of threading dislocations that result in large voltage drops and non-radiative recombination. This growth technology provides an effective way of integrating III-Sb based devices such as IR-lasers, detectors and transistors with a higher quality and more scalable substrate such as GaAs.
Histopathologic features and outcome of patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing surgical lung biopsy.

Study objectives: To define the clinicopathologic features and outcome of acute exacerbation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) undergoing surgical lung biopsy. Design: Retrospective, single-center study. Setting: Tertiary care, referral medical center. Patients: Seven patients with acute exacerbation of IPF who underwent surgical lung biopsy. Results: The median age of these seven patients was 70 years (range, 59 to 74 years); two were women. Five patients had a smoking history and included two current smokers. All patients were experiencing an exacerbation of dyspnea for a median duration of 14 days (range, 7 to 28 days) prior to presentation. In three of these patients, the acute deterioration was the presenting feature of IPF, while in the remaining four patients the diagnosis of IPF had previously been established. Chest radiography demonstrated bilateral mixed alveolar-interstitial infiltrates in all of them. CT revealed ground-glass opacities and consolidation bilaterally in all patients with associated peripheral honeycombing in six of them. Echocardiography was performed in six patients and demonstrated pulmonary hypertension in all. BAL fluid was obtained in five patients and revealed neutrophilia in all. Surgical lung biopsy showed diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in five patients with associated collagen fibrosis and honeycomb changes typical of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). One biopsy showed a combination of UIP and organizing pneumonia, while one biopsy showed only DAD. Despite treatment with lung-protective ventilation strategies and high-dose systemic corticosteroids, six patients (86%) died during their hospitalization. Conclusions: Although IPF is typically associated with an insidious, slowly progressive clinical course, acute exacerbations occur and may be the presenting manifestation in some patients. In either situation, current management strategies including high-dose corticosteroid therapy appear to be relatively ineffective for these patients with acute exacerbation undergoing surgical lung biopsy.
Pavilion: a middleware framework for collaborative Web-based applications

This paper describes Pavilion, an object-oriented middleware framework for developing collaborative web-based applications. Pavilion enables a developer to construct new applications by inheriting and extending its default functionality. Reusable and extensible Pavilion components include interfaces to common web browsers, a reliable multicast protocol tailored for delivery of web resources, a leadership protocol for floor control, and a highly modular proxy server that supports data type-specific plug-ins. The architecture and operation of Pavilion are described, followed by a discussion of VGuide, a synchronous VRML application built using Pavilion. VGuide enables one user to lead other users through virtual worlds in a synchronous manner.
Effect of print size on reading time in a patient with verbal alexia

Abstract The reading performance of a patient with the syndrome of “alexia without agraphia” could be markedly improved by increasing print size and exposure time. In contrast, his recognition of letters, letter groups and object drawings was normal when compared with a control group and independent of size. The data which demonstrate a material-specific deficit of “visual acuity” preclude the interpretation of this case of verbal alexia as an agnosia in the ordinary sense of that term.
A Curious Document Recently Discovered in the Archives

This letter describes Peter Pilgrim's progress through a landscape inhabited by hydraheaded Bayesian dragons and by other incorporeal beasts that also seem impervious to the physical assaults of material mortals. Peter eventually realizes that physical attacks against demons and monsters such as Bayesian dragons are ineffective because incorporeal creatures such as Bayesian dragons have no real existence. Peter Pilgrim is a Doctor of Facts. He is a member of the Reformed Academic Congregation of Evidence, which is an academic movement that seeks to revise and liberalize the teachings of its predecessor, the Academic Congregation of Evidence (Orthodox). In the course of his letter Peter identifies some of the key tenets of the reform movement that he so admires, and he explains why it is an error to think that the mysteries of numbers lie at the heart of the new creed.
Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra (Owl monkey)

These karyotypes are gifts of Dr. R. A. Brumback. The two extreme Robertsonian variants (52♂, 54♀) are shown here. The karyotypes of this subspecies differ markedly from A. t. trivirgatus (Folio 298). The Y is a small metacentric in the best preparations; the marker chromosomes with distinct secondary constrictions are placed last among the autosomes.
Study on Ceratopogonidae of Gansu province

Objective To grasp Ceratopogonidae of Gansu.Methods Trapping with tent and person,luring with livestock and light,capturing with net.Results There were 4 subfamilies and 9 genera and 59 species of Ceratopogonidae in Gansu.They were 13 species of Leptoconops Skuse of Subfamily Leptoconopinae;13 species of Dasyhelea Kieffer of Subfamily Dasyheleinae;2 species of Atrichopogon Kieffer,6 species of Forcipomyia Meigen,4 species of Lasiohelea Kieffer of Subfamily Forcipomyiinae;17 species of Culicoides Latreille,1 species of Palpomyia Meigen,1 species of Brachypogon Kieffer and 2 species of Bezzia Kieffer of Subfamily Ceratopogoninae.Among them,species of Culicoides Latreille were most,species of Leptoconops Skuse and Dasyhelea Kieffer took second place,the third was Forcipomyia Meigen,other respective species of 5 genera were less.The main sucking blood species were Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse.The main non-sucking blood species were Dasyhelea Kieffer and Forcipomyia Meigen.The species compositions,distribution and dominant population were all different in different regions.With different species,their moving time was also different.Their moving time of the same species were diverse in different regions.Conclusion Grasping Ceratopogonidae of Gansu could provide scientific evidence for control and study it.
Curative Effect Observation of the Photon Therapeutic Apparatus Auxiliary Treatment of Infants and Young Children, 120 Cases of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Objective To observe the efficacy of the therapeutic equipment in the treatment of infant acute lower respiratory infections. Methods Select the infant acute lower respiratory infections 240 cases were randomly divided into a control group and the observation group, 120 cases in each group. The control group ceftizoxime anti-infection symptomatic supportive treatment a week; treatment on the basis of the control group, the observation group plus the therapeutic equipment, the course of one week. Results The time to shorten the duration of fever, cough disappeared, pulmonary rales disappeared time than the control group. Conclusion The therapeutic equipment treatment of infant acute lower respiratory infections significant effect.
Dynamic characteristics of a ball bearing-offset disk rotor system with whirling-swing coupling

Dynamic model of a ball bearing-offset disk rotor system with whirling-swing coupled vibration was built considering rotor disk offsetes and disk swing vibration.In the model of ball bearings,clearance of bearings,nonlinear Hertzian contact force between balls and races and varying compliance vibration were considered.Numerical methods were adopted to solve and compare the dynamic responses of the system under different disk offsetes with or without disk swing vibration considered.Effects of bearing clearance variation on the dynamic performance of the model under different rotor disk offsetes were analyzed.It was shown that the nonlinear dynamic response features of the offset disk rotor system are enhanced obviously considering rotor disk swing vibration; the system under different rotor disk offsetes contains diverse frequency components at the same speed; the larger the level of rotor disk offset,the higher the sensitivity of the critical speeds of the system to bearing clearance variation.
High Accuracy Attack Provenance via Binary-based Execution Partition.

An important aspect of cyber attack forensics is to understand the provenance of suspicious events, as it discloses the root cause and ramifications of cyber attacks. Traditionally, this is done by analyzing audit log. However, the presence of long running programs makes a live process receiving a large volume of inputs and produce many outputs and each output may be causally related to all the preceding inputs, leading to dependence explosion and making attack investigations almost infeasible. We observe that a long running execution can be partitioned into individual units by monitoring the execution of the program’s event-handling loops, with each iteration corresponding to the processing of an independent input/request. We reverse engineer such loops from application binaries. We also reverse engineer instructions that could cause workflows between units. Detecting such a workflow is critical to disclosing causality between units. We then perform selective logging for unit boundaries and unit dependences. Our experiments show that our technique, called BEEP, has negligible runtime overhead (< 1.4%) and low space overhead (12.28% on average). It is effective in capturing the minimal causal graph for every attack case we have studied, without any dependence explosion.
Is knowledge management dead (or dying)

AbstractRecently, Tom Davenport declared that ‘… knowledge management isn’t dead, but it’s gasping for breath.’ This declaration is investigated from an historical perspective, tracing some previous statements of knowledge management’s death back to the mid 2000’s. Then this paper investigates this declaration in the context of three emerging technologies and their potential contributions to knowledge management: social media / enterprise social media, crowdsourcing and IBM Watson-like systems. We also examine evidence that knowledge management creates value and the extent to which knowledge management actually is needed. If knowledge management is dead then some very similar idea is needed and would create value.
Study of the Be(p,n) and Be(d,n) Source Reactions

We have developed lithium glass detector arrays to measure the energy spectra of neutrons below 1 MeV. The use of a calibrated neutron source spectrum allows measurement of neutron spectra from 0.070 to 14 MeV. The angular distribution and the neutron energy spectra are reported for the Be(d,n) and Be(p,n) neutron source reactions .The applications of these reactions to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) and neutron radiography are discussed.
Legal punishment of immorality: once more into the breach

Gerald Dworkin’s overlooked defense of legal moralism attempts to undermine the traditional liberal case for a principled distinction between behavior that is immoral and criminal and behavior that is immoral but not criminal. According to Dworkin, his argument for legal moralism “depends upon a plausible idea of what making moral judgments involves.” The idea Dworkin has in mind here is a metaethical principle that many have connected to morality/reasons internalism. I agree with Dworkin that this is a plausible principle, but I argue that some of the best reasons for accepting it actually work against his enforcement thesis. I propose a principled distinction between the immoral-and-criminal and the immoral-but-not-criminal, and argue that a principle at least very much like it must be correct if the metaethical principle Dworkin avows is correct.
Spatial modes-based physical-layer security

The growth of the Internet traffic does not appear to be levelling off any time soon and it is projected to continue to grow exponentially in the years to come. Although there are many proposals on how to deal with the incoming bandwidth capacity crunch, the security of optical networks seems to be almost completely neglected. By taping out the portion of DWDM signal, the huge amount of data can be compromised. Therefore, the security of future optical networks is becoming one of the major issues to be addressed sooner rather than later. To address the security issues of future optical networks the quantum key distribution (QKD) and chaotic cryptography have been proposed. To avoid the high cost of QKD, the properly designed fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as optical encryption devices have been advocated recently. In this invited paper, we follow a different strategy. It is well known that we can associate with a photon both spin angular momentum (SAM), related to polarization; and orbital angular momentum (OAM), related to azimuthal dependence of the complex electric field. Because the OAM eigenstates are orthogonal, this additional degree of freedom can be utilized for the physical-layer security in optical networks. Given that the spatial modes in spatial domain multiplexing (SDM) fibers such as few-mode fibers (FMFs), few-core fibers (FCFs), and few-mode-few-core fibers (FMFCFs) can be decomposed in terms of OAM eigenkets, the OAM can be used to enable the physical-layer security in both fiber-optics- and free-space optics-based optical networks.
Functional generalizations of Hoeffding’s covariance lemma and a formula for Kendall’s tau

Abstract This note extends Hoeffding’s lemma from the covariance between two random variables to that between transformations of random variables, and provides clarification of several existing functional generalizations. In the same spirit as these results, an explicit integral formula of Kendall’s tau for general, possibly discontinuous random variables is also determined.
GUIDELINES FOR PRODUCTION OF FOOD ADDITIVES AND OTHER CHEMICAL COMMODITIES WITH LEAST CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL: A BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH1

An attempt has been made, using a biochemical approach, to construct safety guidelines for synthesis and production of food additives and other chemical commodities with “least carcinogenic potential.” In general, chemical carcinogens exist as or are metabolically activated to reactive forms able to interact with biologically-important macromolecules, a process apparently directly related to carcinogenesis by chemicals. A working knowledge of the biochemistry of biologically-foreign compounds is therefore necessary to understand structure-activity relationships observed in chemical carcinogenesis, since it appears that carcinogenic activity can be a consequence of the structure of the chemically-reactive forms of a carcinogen rather than of the structure of the parent compound. Consequently, the biochemistry of foreign compounds, the metabolic activation of various chemical carcinogens, and the nature of the probable active forms of these carcinogens has been briefly reviewed. Utilization of this knowledg...
Polarization-Dependent Infrared Spectroscopy of Adsorbed Carbon Monoxide To Probe the Surface of a Pd/Cu(111) Single-Atom Alloy

Single-atom alloys can be formed by depositing a low coverage of active metal onto the surface of another metal. Few experimental techniques permit verification that the deposited metal exists as single-atom sites on the host metal surface. Here we use polarization-dependent reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (PD-RAIRS) to characterize the surface of a Pd/Cu(111) single-atom alloy through the use of CO as a probe molecule. In the presence of 1 × 10–2 Torr of CO at 300 K, significant coverages of CO are only achieved when Pd is present on the surface. The Pd coverage at the surface is determined with RAIRS from the C–O stretch peak areas while the total amount of Pd in the first few atomic layers is measured with Auger electron spectroscopy. Isolated Pd atoms in Cu(111) are revealed with RAIRS by the C–O stretch peak of CO bound on top of a Pd atom. The appearance of C–O stretch peaks due to bridge-site CO occurs at Pd coverages where Pd atoms start to agglomerate. An isosteric heat of adsorption ...
Dependence of Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) Spectral Features on the Mesoscale Arrangement of SFG-Active Crystalline Domains Interspersed in SFG-Inactive Matrix: A Case Study with Cellulose in Uniaxially Aligned Control Samples and Alkali-Treated Secondary Cell Walls of Plants

Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy can selectively detect not only molecules at two-dimensional (2D) interfaces but also noncentrosymmetric domains interspersed in amorphous three-dimensional (3D) matrixes. However, the SFG analysis of 3D systems is more complicated than 2D systems because more variables are involved. One such variable is the distance between SFG-active domains in SFG-inactive matrixes. In this study, we fabricated control samples in which SFG-active cellulose crystals were uniaxially aligned in an amorphous matrix. Assuming uniform separation distances between cellulose crystals, the relative intensities of alkyl (CH) and hydroxyl (OH) SFG peaks of cellulose could be related to the intercrystallite distance. The experimentally measured CH/OH intensity ratio as a function of the intercrystallite distance could be explained reasonably well with a model constructed using the theoretically calculated hyperpolarizabilities of cellulose and the symmetry cancellation princi...
High-Efficiency High-Density Critical Mode Rectifier/Inverter for WBG-Device-Based On-Board Charger

A widebandgap-based bidirectional on-board charger (OBC) has been proposed with a variable dc-link voltage, which tracks the battery voltage fluctuation. Although this approach is deemed most efficient for the resonant dc/dc stage, it posts significant challenges for the rectifier/inverter stage, which operates in the critical mode to realize zero-voltage switching (ZVS), while subjecting to the large variations of input and output voltages. Design considerations of the ac/dc stage are presented in this paper, including: the evaluation of 1.2-kV SiC MOSFETs; the ZVS extension techniques to realize ZVS under all input/output variations; and a novel universal control strategy for both the rectifier mode and the inverter mode. A prototype is built which achieves 98.5% efficiency at a switching frequency higher than 300 kHz. Furthermore, a 6.6-kW OBC system is demonstrated, using both SiC and GaN devices with 37-W/in3 power density and above 96% efficiency.
Moving In and Moving Up? Labor Conditions and China's Changing Development Model

Summary For the last decade, a large contingent of manufacturing firms in developmental zones on China's coast has moved to inland provinces. What are the implications of this move inland for Chinese workers? Research on labor conditions in the current period of economic globalization and mobile capital debates the existence of a “race to the bottom” in labor standards through the pressures of international capital mobility. These theories predict that as inland China develops and attracts a larger amount of foreign and domestic capital, inland governments will compete by offering cheap labor and lower or unenforced standards. Our argument in this paper is contrarian in that we propose the possibility of a positive relationship between the movement inland and labor conditions. We argue that the movement of manufacturing to inland China is not primarily about cheaper workers, but instead signals the beginning of a fundamental shift in the development model through the employment of a localized workforce. Having more workers from within the province, local governments in inland provinces will be more inclined to develop inclusive social policies and improve labor conditions. Local governments in coastal provinces that inherit fundamentally different demographic structures are less likely to pursue this governance style. We use audit data from Apple corporation suppliers (2007–2013), supplementary survey data, and in-depth interviews to discuss the relationship between localized production and better labor conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chapter 17 – Nanomaterials-Enhanced Electrically Switched Ion Exchange Process for Water Treatment

This chapter summarizes recent work on the development of an electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX) technology based on conducting polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites as a new and cost-effective approach for the removal of radioactive cesium, chromate, and perchlorate from contaminated groundwater. The efficiency of these ESIX systems can be significantly improved through nanotechnology by providing better electrochemical stability amid a larger contact area with wastewater. Therefore, the combination of novel electroactive ion exchange material with nanotechnology will lead to the development of more efficient and economic wastewater treatment systems based on ESIX technology.
A LandTrendr multispectral ensemble for forest disturbance detection

Abstract Monitoring and classifying forest disturbance using Landsat time series has improved greatly over the past decade, with many new algorithms taking advantage of the high-quality, cost free data in the archive. Much of the innovation has been focused on use of sophisticated workflows that consist of a logical sequence of processes and rules, multiple statistical functions, and parameter sets that must be calibrated to accurately classify disturbance. For many algorithms, calibration has been local to areas of interest and the algorithm's classification performance has been good under those circumstances. When applied elsewhere, however, algorithm performance has suffered. An alternative strategy for calibration may be to use the locally tested parameter values in conjunction with a statistical approach (e.g., Random Forests; RF) to align algorithm classification with a reference disturbance dataset, a process we call secondary classification. We tested that strategy here using RF with LandTrendr, an algorithm that runs on one spectral band or index. Disturbance detection using secondary classification was spectral band- or index-dependent, with each spectral dimension providing some unique detections and different error rates. Using secondary classification, we tested whether an integrated multispectral LandTrendr ensemble, with various combinations of the six basic Landsat reflectance bands and seven common spectral indices, improves algorithm performance. Results indicated a substantial reduction in errors relative to secondary classification based on single bands/indices, revealing the importance of a multispectral approach to forest disturbance detection. To explain the importance of specific bands and spectral indices in the multispectral ensemble, we developed a disturbance signal-to-noise metric that clearly highlighted the value of shortwave-infrared reflectance, especially when paired with near-infrared reflectance.
Urban by Design and Demand

It is a pivotal moment for urban design. In practice, urban designers must engage with the threats from and responses to climate change, rapid and extensive urbanisation in patterns and places not ...
Medical and Psychiatric History

Taking a good medical/psychiatric history is an essential first step in appropriately triaging and ultimately diagnosing a patient presenting with a behavioral emergency. Taking the information gathered during the initial interview along with physical exam findings can help to better differentiate primary psychiatric disorders from their medical mimics. The differential for behavioral emergencies is very broad and differs by each individual presentation. Using your interview to determine whether elements of the family history, medical history, social history, sexual history, medications, or environmental exposures are contributory factors to a patient’s presentation can be important in obtaining a good general picture. Often, collateral information obtained from friends, caregivers, and family can be key to elucidating the true cause of a behavioral complaint.
Transparent Access to Remote Files in Heterogeneous Networks

Computer users share information by accessing common files. In computer networks, the sharing of files requires access to remote files. In heterogeneous networks, users are faced with a broad range of different file systems.
Nonlinear shear behavior of poly(vinyl acetate) material

Because of the strong environmental sensitivity of poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, especially with respect to moisture, and the fact that shear deformation is essentially equivoluminal up to moderate strain levels, little has been reported in the literature on the nonlinear mechanical creep behavior of this polymeric material loaded in shear. This paper presents the results of torsional tests which establish the shear response through the linear zone and well into the nonlinear region. Test specimens were thin-walled cylinders giving an approximately uniform deformation field. Because of carefully chosen wall thickness to length ratio, it is considered that these measurements represent some of the most accurate nonlinear shear results to date in the strain range above 1%. Measurements of stress, strain and creep compliance were made at temperatures near the glass transition temperature and somewhat below it. Isochronal shear stress-strain dependence into the nonlinear range was used to establish limits of viscoelastic linearity during creep. As temperature is increased toward the glass transition, the limit shows a greater dependence on stress than on strain. The stored distortional strain energy at the limit of linearity was not a constant but varied with temperature and load. Thus, these results appear not to support the concept of stored energy as a material property defining the threshold for nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. Strain during the short-time load-up period gives evidence that PVAc is also subject to nonlinear elasticity in the glassy response region.
On Portfolio Allocation: A Comparison of Using Low-Frequency and High-Frequency Financial Data

Portfolio allocation is one of the most fundamental problems in finance. The process of determining the optimal mix of assets to hold in the portfolio is a very important issue in risk management. It involves dividing an investment portfolio among different assets based on the volatilities of the asset returns. In the recent decades, it gains popularity to estimate volatilities of asset returns based on high-frequency data in financial economics. However there is always a debate on when and how do we gain from using high-frequency data in portfolio optimization. This paper starts with a review on portfolio allocation and high-frequency financial time series. Then we introduce a new methodology to carry out efficient asset allocations using regularization on estimated integrated volatility via intra-day high-frequency data. We illustrate the methodology by comparing the results of both low-frequency and high-frequency price data on stocks traded in New York Stock Exchange over a period of 209 days in 2010. The numerical results show that portfolios constructed using high-frequency approach generally perform well by pooling together the strengths of regularization and estimation from a risk management perspective.
Electric Car Brand Positioning in the Automotive Industry: Recommendations for Sustainable and Innovative Marketing Strategies

Tesla is the market-leader and best-recognized brand in the electric car market. It has established itself as a must-have item for early adopters. While the car manufacturing industry has begun to pivot to sustainable eco-friendly cars to compete for Tesla’s customer base, the company continues to be positioned competitively in the market. We used Michael’s Porter’s five Forces to conduct industry analysis and we selected, justified and recommended sustainable strategies that are consistent with Tesla’s mission and goals. The changing market and cultural environment is mostly accepting to electricvehicles, and potential customers are attracted by its innovation and design.
Efficient haplotype matching between a query and a panel for genealogical search.

Motivation With the wide availability of whole-genome genotype data, there is an increasing need for conducting genetic genealogical searches efficiently. Computationally, this task amounts to identifying shared DNA segments between a query individual and a very large panel containing millions of haplotypes. The celebrated Positional Burrows-Wheeler Transform (PBWT) data structure is a pre-computed index of the panel that enables constant time matching at each position between one haplotype and an arbitrarily large panel. However, the existing algorithm (Durbin's Algorithm 5) can only identify set-maximal matches, the longest matches ending at any location in a panel, while in real genealogical search scenarios, multiple 'good enough' matches are desired. Results In this work, we developed two algorithmic extensions of Durbin's Algorithm 5, that can find all L-long matches, matches longer than or equal to a given length L, between a query and a panel. In the first algorithm, PBWT-Query, we introduce 'virtual insertion' of the query into the PBWT matrix of the panel, and then scanning up and down for the PBWT match blocks with length greater than L. In our second algorithm, L-PBWT-Query, we further speed up PBWT-Query by introducing additional data structures that allow us to avoid iterating through blocks of incomplete matches. The efficiency of PBWT-Query and L-PBWT-Query is demonstrated using the simulated data and the UK Biobank data. Our results show that our proposed algorithms can detect related individuals for a given query efficiently in very large cohorts which enables a fast on-line query search. Availability and implementation genome.ucf.edu/pbwt-query. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Impax Laboratories: Executing Accretive Acquisitions (B)

Impax Laboratories was a technology-based pharmaceutical company that used a “dual platform” strategy to sell both generic and branded treatments. While Impax had grown organically for most of its history, it was beginning to use major acquisitions for growth. In the early morning of June 21, 2016, the firm issued a press release announcing it was buying a portfolio of generic drugs from Teva for $586 million in cash. The leadership team (CEO, CFO, and Head of Investor Relations) was now preparing for a conference call with analysts and investors to describe the deal’s acquisition price, strategic rationale, and financial impact. Like its first major acquisition — the acquisition of Tower Holdings in 2014 for $700 million — the Teva acquisition was expected to be immediately accretive (i.e., the acquisition would cause the firm’s expected earnings per share in 2016 would increase). Was the leadership team ready to answer the full range of questions investors might ask and to explain the deal’s strategic rationale and financial implications in compelling ways? And would investors react as favorably to the Teva announcement as they had when Impax announced the Tower Holdings acquisition — Impax closed up 12% that day? The B Case is a continuation of the events described in the A Case. This case explores the concepts of earnings guidance and EPS accretion in the context of a major acquisition. In addition to calculating expected accretion, students must explain why executives, analysts, and investors focus so intensively on short-term earnings. To what extent is accretion value relevant? The case is also designed for students to assess Impax’s “dual platform” strategy which involves selling both generic and branded treatments. Students must assess whether the firm’s technology-based strategy provides a sustainable competitive advantage in the highly competitive market for generic drugs where Impax is a relatively small player.
Lobbyists' Personal Contributions and Member's Legislative Effectiveness in the U.S House

Will a legislator with higher legislative performance receive a higher amount of contributions from lobbyists’ personal funds? The existing theory mostly regards lobbying as an access-maintaining activity, and to keep this long term relationship, lobbyists will not change their campaign contribution patterns. However, lobbyists are motivated to affect policy, I hypothesize that lobbyists will allocate their personal contributions across their existing ties based upon a congressperson’s legislative performance. Using campaign contribution and legislative effectiveness data, I establish an original data set of over 3,300 observations, including all members of the House, who seek reelection from the 108th Congress to the 115th Congress. I find that legislators with higher legislative effectiveness receive more contributions from lobbyists. This finding shows the dynamic relationship between lobbyists and legislators, highlighting lobbyists' strategic use of contributions to advance their preferred policies.
Quercetin-Resveratrol Combination for Prostate Cancer Management in TRAMP Mice

Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men. Therefore, novel mechanistically-driven approaches are needed for PCa management. Here, we determined the effects of grape antioxidants quercetin and/or resveratrol (60 and 600 mg/kg, respectively, in diet) against PCa in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP)-model in prevention and intervention settings. We found resveratrol alone and in combination significantly inhibited prostate tumorigenesis in prevention setting, while the same was seen only in combination after intervention. The observed effects were associated with marked inhibition in proliferation, oxidative stress, and tumor survival markers, and induced apoptosis markers. Utilizing PCa PCR array analysis with prevention tumor tissues, we identified that quercetin-resveratrol modulates genes involved in promoter methylation, cell cycle, apoptosis, fatty acid metabolism, transcription factors, androgen response, PI3K/AKT and PTEN signaling. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified IGF1 and BCL2 as central players in two gene networks. Functional annotation predicted increased apoptosis and inhibited cell viability/proliferation, hyperplasia, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis with dual treatment. Furthermore, IPA predicted upstream inhibition of major PCa signaling VEGF, Ca2+, PI3K, CSF2, PTH). Based on PCR array, we identified decreased levels of EGFR, EGR3, and IL6, and increased levels of IGFBP7 and NKX3.1, overall supporting anti-PCa effects of quercetin-resveratrol.
The role of computed tomography angiography as initial imaging tool for acute hemorrhage in the head and neck

Acute hemorrhage in the head and neck (AHNH) is life-threatening due to asphyxiation and hemorrhagic shock. When conservative measures fail, some patients benefit from endovascular therapy (EVT). While CTA is routinely used to localize bleeding and plan EVT in gastrointestinal hemorrhage, the diagnostic value of CTA in AHNH and role of CTA in treatment-planning are uncertain. We retrospectively reviewed neck CTAs from June 2015 to October 2018 indicated for AHNH. When performed, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings and EVT were documented. Extravasation or pseudoaneurysm on DSA was considered positive for bleed localization. Thirty CTA exams were performed for AHNH in 18 patients (mean age = 56.6, male% = 55.6%). Eleven out of 30 exams (36.7%) had immediate DSA follow-up within 24 h. Etiologies of hemorrhage included malignancy 11/18 (61.1%) and coagulopathy (4/18, 22.2%) among others. CTA reports identified definite or possible source of bleeding in 7/30 (23.3%) exams. Seven out of 7 (100%) patients with definite or possible source of bleeding on CTA underwent DSA and 4/23 (17.4%) patients underwent DSA despite negative CTA. With DSA as the gold standard, CTA had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 100%. CTA has high specificity and reasonable sensitivity for detecting arterial source of bleeding in patients presenting with AHNH. Patients with negative CTA may avoid catheter angiography in most cases; however, false-negative CTA should not preclude angiography in high-risk patients.
Ventilator dyssynchrony - Detection, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance: A Narrative review

Mortality associated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome remains unacceptably high due in part to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Ventilator dyssynchrony is defined as the inappropriate timing and delivery of a mechanical breath in response to patient effort and may cause VILI. Such deleterious patient-ventilator interactions have recently been termed patient self-inflicted lung injury. This narrative review outlines the detection and frequency of several different types of ventilator dyssynchrony, delineates the different mechanisms by which ventilator dyssynchrony may propagate VILI, and reviews the potential clinical impact of ventilator dyssynchrony. Until recently, identifying ventilator dyssynchrony required the manual interpretation of ventilator pressure and flow waveforms. However, computerized interpretation of ventilator waive forms can detect ventilator dyssynchrony with an area under the receiver operating curve of >0.80. Using such algorithms, ventilator dyssynchrony occurs in 3%-34% of all breaths, depending on the patient population. Moreover, two types of ventilator dyssynchrony, double-triggered and flow-limited breaths, are associated with the more frequent delivery of large tidal volumes >10 mL/kg when compared with synchronous breaths (54% [95% confidence interval (CI), 47%-61%] and 11% [95% CI, 7%-15%]) compared with 0.9% (95% CI, 0.0%-1.9%), suggesting a role in propagating VILI. Finally, a recent study associated frequent dyssynchrony-defined as >10% of all breaths-with an increase in hospital mortality (67 vs. 23%, P = 0.04). However, the clinical significance of ventilator dyssynchrony remains an area of active investigation and more research is needed to guide optimal ventilator dyssynchrony management.