cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
β-catenin/Wnt signaling controls progenitor fate in the developing and regenerating zebrafish retina

The zebrafish retina maintains two populations of stem cells: first, the germinal zone or ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) contains multipotent retinal progenitors that add cells to the retinal periphery as the fish continue to grow; second, radial glia (Muller cells) occasionally divide asymmetrically to generate committed progenitors that differentiate into rod photoreceptors, which are added interstitially throughout the retina with growth. Retinal injury stimulates Muller glia to dedifferentiate, re-enter the cell cycle, and generate multipotent retinal progenitors similar to those in the CMZ to replace missing neurons. The specific signals that maintain these two distinct populations of endogenous retinal stem cells are not understood. We used genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway to show that it is required to maintain proliferation in the CMZ and that hyperstimulation of β-catenin/Wnt signaling inhibits normal retinal differentiation and expands the population of proliferative retinal progenitors. To test whether similar effects occur during regeneration, we developed a method for making rapid, selective photoreceptor ablations in larval zebrafish with intense light. We found that dephosphorylated β-catenin accumulates in Muller glia as they re-enter the cell cycle following injury, but not in Muller glia that remain quiescent. Activation of Wnt signaling is required for regenerative proliferation, and hyperstimulation results in loss of Muller glia from the INL as all proliferative cells move into the ONL. β-catenin/Wnt signaling is thus required for the maintenance of retinal progenitors during both initial development and lesion-induced regeneration, and is sufficient to prevent differentiation of those progenitors and maintain them in a proliferative state. This suggests that the β-catenin/Wnt cascade is part of the shared molecular circuitry that maintains retinal stem cells for both homeostatic growth and epimorphic regeneration.
Moving Political Meaning across Linguistic Frontiers

Diplomacy, international commerce and the academic study of international relations are all based on the assumption that we can cross linguistic borders with very complicated words and concepts in our cognitive luggage. This article studies the complexities of communicating political words and concepts from one language/culture to another, noting that traditional political science has shown little interest in this process or its dangers. From linguistics, however, come two opposing theories: the effability principle defends universal translatability, while the linguistic relativity/Sapir-Whorf hypothesis holds that meaning (particularly abstract conceptual thinking) is locked within the grammatical and semantic structure of individual languages and can be transmitted with difficulty or not at all. After considering these rival positions, we conclude that the translation of political ideas from culture to culture can be more problematic than we have commonly believed.
The Mathematics and Science Integration Argument: A Stand for Teacher Education.

This paper explores the question, should we integrate mathematics and science in reforming science education? As science, especially physical science involves mathematics, and both subjects involve process skills, integrating science and mathematics methods courses might be a way to improve science education. Considerations and recommendations for mathematics and science integration are addressed.
FREE FATTY ACID CONCENTRATION IN MATERNAL PLASMA AND FETAL BODY FAT CONTENT.

Abstract Subcutaneous injection of 200 U.S.P. units of heparin into female Sprague-Dawley rats produced large and sustained elevations of plasma free fatty acids but no significant change in blood glucose. A group of pregnant rats received such injections of heparin 3 times daily throughout pregnancy. The fetuses from mothers of this group, at 19½ and 21½ days of gestation, had significantly more body fat than the fetuses from uninjected mothers. The hypothesis is presented that the maternal free fatty acid concentration in part determines fetal fat accumulation. It is proposed that the body composition changes noted in babies of mothers with diabetes might thus be ascribed to abnormally high maternal plasma free fatty acid concentrations.
Comparing Single and Dual Console Systems in the Robotic Surgical Training of Graduating OB/GYN Residents in the United States

Objective. To assess the impact of a single versus dual console robotic system on the perceptions of program directors (PD) and residents (RES) towards robotic surgical training among graduating obstetrics and gynecology residents. Design. An anonymous survey was developed using Qualtrics, a web-based survey development and administration system, and sent to obstetrics and gynecology program directors and graduating residents. Participants. 39 program directors and 32 graduating residents (PGY4). Results. According to residents perception, dual console is utilized in about 70% of the respondents' programs. Dual console system programs were more likely to provide a robotics training certificate compared to single console programs (43.5% versus 0%, p = 0.03). A greater proportion of residents graduating from a dual console program perform more than 20 robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomies, 30% versus 0% (p = 0.15). Conclusions. Utilization of dual console system increased the likelihood of obtaining robotic training certification without significantly increasing the case volume of robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Modifiable Neighborhood Features Associated With Adolescent Homicide

IMPORTANCE: Homicide is a leading cause of adolescent mortality. To our knowledge, relatively little has been studied in terms of the association between environmental neighborhood features, such as streets, buildings, and natural surroundings, and severe violent injury among youth. OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between environmental neighborhood features and adolescent homicide in order to identify targets for future place-based interventions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Population-based case-control study conducted in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from April 15, 2008, to March 31, 2014. We identified adolescents who died by homicide at 13 to 20 years of age from 2010 to 2012 while residing in Philadelphia. We used incidence-density sampling and random-digit dialing to recruit control participants ages 13 to 20 years matched on sex and indoor-outdoor location at the time of each index case participant's homicide. EXPOSURES: To obtain environmental data about modifiable features that were present in the immediate surroundings of our case and control participants, blinded field researchers used standardized techniques to photograph case and control participant outdoor locations. Photographic data were stitched together to create 360 EXPOSURES: ° panoramic images that were coded for 60 elements of the visible environment. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Adolescent homicide. RESULTS: We enrolled 143 homicide case participants (mean [SD] age, 18.4 [1.5] years) and 155 matched control participants (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [2.1] years) who were both outdoors at the time of the homicide. In adjusted analyses, multiple features of Philadelphia streets, buildings, and natural surroundings were associated with adolescent homicide. The presence of street lighting (odds ratio [OR], 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09-0.70), illuminated walk/don't walk signs (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.92), painted marked crosswalks (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04-0.63), public transportation (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.49), parks (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.88), and maintained vacant lots (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.81) were significantly associated with decreased odds of homicide. The odds of homicide were significantly higher in locations with stop signs (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.40-13.45), security bars/gratings on houses (OR, 9.23; 95% CI, 2.45-34.80), and private bushes/plantings (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.18-10.01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Using a population-based case-control design, we identified multiple modifiable environmental features that might be targeted in future randomized intervention trials designed to reduce youth violence by improving neighborhood context. Language: en
COSMO-SAC Sigma Profile Generation with Conceptual Segment Concept

Solvation thermodynamics-based models for predicting liquid-phase nonidealities and fluid-phase equilibria are gaining attention in modern chemical process and product development. Among this class of thermodynamic models, COSMO-RS and COSMO-SAC are two variants used extensively in industry. A key input to these models is the so-called sigma profile, i.e., a histogram of charge density distribution over the molecular surface. Typically, sigma profiles are generated from quantum mechanical calculations with molecular structure and conformation information as inputs to the calculation. We present an alternative approach for generating sigma profiles from experimental fluid-phase equilibrium data, i.e., solubility. Specifically, we incorporate the conceptual segment concept of NRTL-SAC activity coefficient model into sigma profile generation. We generate “apparent” sigma profiles from linear combination of sigma profiles of conceptual segments represented by reference molecules selected for hydrophobic, pola...
Erythropoietin Therapy as a Surgica Blood Conservation Intervention

Programs that promote autologous blood transfusion to minimize exposure to homologous blood in elective transfusion settings have become a standard of care in elective orthopedic surgery. Such innovative strategies include aggressive autologous procurement, with or without recombinant human erythropoietin therapy. These strategies and subsequent clinical trial results are reviewed to emphasize the transfusion medicine specialist’s role in multidisciplinary blood conservation interventions.
Screening Respiratory Specimens for Mycobacteria Culture

We performed this retrospective study to establish a new screening procedure for assessing the quality of respiratory specimens for mycobacteria cultures. For 1 year, we evaluated 299 samples for specimen quality by using a Gram’s stain method. Corresponding mycobacteria culture results were then compared with their Gram’s stain evaluation to determine a correlation between acceptable sputum specimens and positive results from mycobacteria culture. Study results indicated that screening sputum specimens before processing for mycobacteria culture eliminates specimens that are likely to yield negative acid-fast bacilli culture results.
Changing infestation rates of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Ixodidae) ticks on dogs on Singapore Island, 1965-1966.

A survey of ticks, including information on the prevalence of infestation, species, and stages of tick development, was made from September 1965 to November 1966 on stray dogs electrocuted at Kampong Java Road Animal Infirmary, Singapore. While meteorologic parameters for the areas from which the dogs came seemed to have little effect on observable dog-tick relationships, systematic removal of stray dogs decreased the proportion of dogs infested with one or more ticks from a high of 52% in October 1965 to a low of 19% in October 1966. Seventy-one to 81% of the variability or the data could be accounted for by using the logarithms of the cumulative numbers of dogs destroyed during the survey as the only predictor variable. During the 14-month survey 949 dogs were examined and 7020 ticks were recovered.
In vitro expansion of human hepatocytes is restricted by telomere-dependent replicative aging.

Currently, different techniques to expand human hepatocytes in vitro are being investigated to generate enough cells for liver-directed cell therapies. However, based on observations in fibroblasts...
A Connection between Furstenberg's and Euclid's Proofs of the Infinitude of Primes

In 1955, Furstenberg gave a curious topological proof of the infinitude of primes. Cass and Wildenberg, as well as Mercer, dispensed with the topological language in this proof to uncover the essential number theory. In this note, we observe that Furstenberg’s proof has an important and intriguing connection to Euclid’s well-known original proof. Let P be the set of all primes. For a finite set F = {p1, . . . , pn} ⊆ P , let zF = p1 · · · · · pn . For any S ⊆ P , let N (S) = Z\ ⋃
Implant Considerations in Long Bones in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

The consensus on the choice of implant and material for long bones in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is controversial. Most agree that rodding is far superior to any plating techniques. However, the material of the rods and the type of rods used continue to be a source of debate. Centers that have access to telescoping rods prefer this method, despite the need for specialized training and experience with the technique; as well as the elevated cost of the implant. Regardless of the implant chosen, the orthopedic surgeon needs to understand and respect the principles of rodding in brittle bones to avoid devastating complications.
Nanotechnology - A path forward for developing nations

One of the major issues with technology in general, and nanotechnology in particular, is that it could exacerbate the divide between developed and developing nations. If the benefits of the research do not flow beyond the national and geographical borders of the traditional major bastions of R&D, these benefits will not be equally and globally available. The consequence is that the technological divide becomes wider at the expense of mutual reliance. As much as developed nations need to rethink the strategy and the policy to bring nanotechnology products to market with the goal of global prosperity, developing nations cannot afford to simply wait for the lead from the developed nations. In the spirit of collaboration and collegiality, we describe issues with the current practices in nanotechnology R&D in the developing world and suggest a path for nanotechnology research in energy, water and the environment that developing nations could follow in order to become contributors rather than simply consumers.
Pathologische Mediennutzung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – eine Perspektive für die Praxis.

Zusammenfassung. Zusammenfassung: Die Medialisierung der Welt verandert Beziehungs- und Individuationsprozesse von Kindern und Jugendlichen rasant. Dies wirkt sich auf die schulischen Leistungen, auf Bewaltigung von Entwicklungsaufgaben wie die Nahe-Distanz- und Affektregulation sowie den Umgang mit aggressiven Impulsen und sexuellen Bedurfnissen aus. Da der Einfluss der neuesten Medien nicht nur auf internetabhangige, sondern auf alle Kinder und Jugendlichen immens ist, kommen Arztinnen und Arzte nicht umhin, sich mit den Auswirkungen der digitalen Formate und Inhalte zu beschaftigen. Typologien von Spielern und von pathologischem Verhalten sind eine gute Orientierung. Sie werden erganzt durch eine entwicklungspsychiatrisch fundierte und mediensoziologische Klassifikation von Spieltypen und eine ubliche entwicklungspsychiatrische Diagnostik. Beratung und Therapie erfolgen je nach Schwere, Komorbiditat, Spielverhalten und sozialer Einschrankung.
Providing Outclinic Services

The implementation and evaluation of effective behavioral treatments is most commonly conducted in controlled settings, such as inpatient units, residential facilities, or classrooms. This occurs because those settings provide opportunities for direct observation over extended time periods. Direct observation of trends in behavior, when coupled with measures of treatment integrity, provides the information needed to evaluate functional control (i.e., the relation between the independent and dependent variables can be directly assessed within subjects over time and across treatment conditions). Functional control over behavior is a necessary condition for defining an effective treatment, and thus the majority of behavioral research is completed within controlled settings.
Overdrafts- When Markets, Consumers, and Regulators Collide

There is a fierce debate in the United States about whether to regulate overdrafts and, specifically, about whether to limit their use or cap overdraft prices. Proponents of regulation claim that overdrafts are not marginally priced and cause financial harm. Opponents of regulation claim that capping overdraft prices will harm consumers by limiting access to overdraft credit and causing transactions to be rejected. This paper conceptually unpacks some of these claims, while comparing the overdraft markets in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Israel. First, I argue that overdrafts can fulfill three different functions: (1) unintentional overdrawing and insurance against the rejection of transactions, (2) short-term “emergency” credit, and (3) long-term revolving credit lines. This distinction sheds light on why overdrafts are priced differently in each country, and how they compete with products such as payday lending and credit cards. Thus, while prices in the United States may be non-marginal when compared to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans, competition with credit card companies might explain why overdrafts in the United States aren’t provided as long-term revolving credit at significantly lower prices, as is the case in Israel and the United Kingdom. Next, I offer that regulatory intervention must be tailored to each of these functions, addressing the unique market failures and cognitive biases associated with each of them. Inadvertent overdrafts can be mitigated with the use of technology and real-time notifications, and must coincide with the regulation of insufficient-funds charges. When overdrafts are used as emergency, short-term funds, they should be equated to other short-term high-cost credit, such as payday loans. Since banks have significantly lower overhead and risk-based costs, this indicates banks may be charging excessive prices, while exploiting consumers’ biases. Finally, while consumers in the United Kingdom and Israel may benefit from lower prices for inadvertent overdrafts and long-term credit, the design of overdrafts in these countries might reduce consumers’ welfare by limiting their ability to devise self-control mechanisms, exacerbating overconsumption and leading to high, chronic, and persistent levels of debt.
HENSEL MEETS NEWTON — ALGEBRAIC CONSTRUCTIONS IN AN ANALYTIC SETTING

Publisher Summary Before the advent of Berlekamp's algorithm for factoring polynomials over finite fields, the activity of factoring a polynomial over the integers was usually restricted to cases where the degree of the polynomial was small. Berlekamp's algorithm coupled with a lifting technique for bringing the factors back to the domain of interest provided a dramatic improvement in the range of polynomials that could be treated. This lifting technique originates from the Hensel Lemma of number theory and p-adic analysis. The constructive proof of Hensel lemma provides a method for lifting factors over a finite field step-by-step toward a larger subdomain of Z[x], while preserving the relevant properties, and eventually toward the desired result in Z[x].
Invisible Disability/ How Can You Survive with Hearing Impairment—The Infant and Child

Hearing, for most children, allows for development of language. Language in turn provides the basis for communication, learning, and the socialization of the child. How does a parent impart their love, moral values, family history and all that goes into the development of the person unless they can communicate with their child? How does the child learn in the class, the playground, at home, unless there is a means of linguistic communication? The child who does not hear or only partially hears cannot tell what he or she has NOT heard.
The relationship between metabolic syndrome, cytokines and physical activity in obese youth with and without Prader-Willi syndrome.

Background The objective of this study was to examine the associations between adiposity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), cytokines and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in youth with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and non-syndromic obesity (OB). Methods Twenty-one youth with PWS and 34 with OB aged 8-15 years participated. Measurements included body composition, blood pressure, fasting blood markers for glucose control, lipids and inflammation and MVPA. Group differences for adiposity, MetS, blood parameters and MVPA were determined using independent t-tests and chi-square (χ2) analyses. Bivariate correlations and analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined the associations between adiposity, MetS severity, cytokines and MVPA. Results PWS presented similar percentage of body fat (%), lower body mass index (BMI) z-scores, insulin resistance, triglycerides, MetS severity, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and MVPA and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin (ADP) than OB. Fewer PWS presented MetS based on BMI z-score (61.9% vs. 91.2%) and glucose (14.3% vs. 44.1%) compared to OB. In all youth, MetS severity was significantly associated with body fat %, ADP, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-α and also with CRP in PWS, but associations became non-significant for CRP and IL-6 when controlling for body fat %. In PWS, those with low MVPA had significantly higher TNF-α than those with high MVPA (1.80±0.45 vs. 1.39±0.26 pg/mL). Conclusions Although PWS presented better cardiometabolic profiles than OB and lower MetS risk, associations between body fat, MetS and cytokines were somewhat similar for both groups, with the exception of CRP. Results suggest a potential role for MVPA related to MetS and inflammation and extend associations shown in OB to PWS.
Getting Started in Carbonate Petrography: Methodology and Applications

An introductory text on the petrography of fossils would be incomplete without mention of its uses as well as informing the reader how to begin the study of carbonate rocks in thin section.
Ecology and the diversification of reproductive strategies in viviparous fishes

Shifts in life history evolution can potentiate sexual selection and speciation. However, we rarely understand the causative links between correlated patterns of diversification or the tipping points that initiate changes with cascading effects. We investigated livebearing fishes with repeated transitions from pre- (lecithotrophy) to post-fertilization maternal provisioning (matrotrophy) to identify the potential ecological drivers of evolutionary transitions in life history. Phylogenetic comparative analyses across 94 species revealed that bi-directional evolution along the lecithotrophy-matrotrophy continuum is correlated with ecology, supporting adaptive hypotheses of life history diversification. Consistent with theory, matrotrophy was associated with high resource availability and low competition. Our results suggest that ecological sources of selection contribute to the diversification of female provisioning strategies in livebearing fishes, which have been associated with macroevolutionary patterns of sexual selection and speciation.
COMPARISON BETWEEN STANDARD METHODS PROCEDURE AND A SURFACE PLATE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA IN MILK1

Summary Psychrophilic population levels were determined by Standard Methods procedure (1) and a surface plate method. Thirty-one samples of raw milk, 47 samples of commercial pasteurized milk, and 94 samples of milk containing pure cultures of selected psychrophiles were used in the comparisons. A statistical evaluation of the results indicated counts obtained by the surface plate method after incubation of the plates for five days at 6C were equivalent to counts obtained by the standard procedure after incubation for 7–8 days at 6C. Colonies on the surface plates were larger, more uniform in size, and consequently easier to count than those on poured plates. Also, enhanced pigmentation and more characteristic colonial morphology was observed with surface plates. Approximately 80% of the pinpoint colonies appearing on the poured plates after 8 days and on the surface plates after 7 days of incubation at 6C were Gram-positive cocci indicating the emergence of colonies of organisms not considered to be psyc...
Predicting population extinctions in Darwin’s finches

Genetic data are increasingly used for fast, efficient, and cost-effective monitoring of natural populations and assessment of extinction risk in species management. A single modern molecular snapshot is typically used to infer population size and vulnerability, yet for species with unknown and potentially complex genetic metapopulation structure, this technique may not effectively predict vulnerability. Darwin’s finches, which are well-represented in museum collections, offer a unique opportunity to test the effectiveness of predicting extinction vulnerability in species with complex structure, such as naturally fragmented populations. In this study, we compared ancient DNA from ~ 100 year old extinct and extant Darwin’s finch populations in the Galapagos Islands to determine whether single time point genetic assessments in the past accurately predicted extinction risk, or if other factors such as metapopulation dynamics could mask population declines. Of eight extinct populations, only one had significantly reduced genetic variation compared to an extant population of similar characteristics. Contrary to our prediction that populations would have decreased genetic diversity prior to extinction when compared to persisting populations, at least one measure of genetic diversity was significantly higher in six of the eight extinct populations when compared to extant populations. Simulations lend support to the hypothesis that unaccounted for metapopulation structure may explain the observed pattern in many species. Therefore, models of genetic diversity reflecting population extinction potential may be inadequate for highly-mobile species with metapopulation dynamics such as the Galapagos finches.
Gravity from CFT on SN(X) : symmetries and interactions

Abstract The orbifold CFT dual to string theory on AdS 3 × S 3 allows a construction of gravitational actions based on collective field techniques. We describe a fundamental role played by a Lie algebra constructed from chiral primaries and their CFT conjugates. The leading terms in the algebra at large N are derived from the computation of chiral primary correlation functions. The algebra is argued to determine the dynamics of the theory, its representations provide free and interacting Hamiltonians for chiral primaries. This dynamics is seen to be given by an effective one plus one dimensional field theory. The structure of the algebra and its representations shows qualitatively new features associated with thresholds at L 0 = N , L 0 = N /2 and L 0 = N /4 , which are related to the stringy exclusion principle and to black holes. We observe relations between fusion rules of SU q (2|1,1) for q =e i π /( N +1) , and the correlation functions, which provide further evidence for a non-commutative spacetime.
When Is Hope Enough? Hopefulness, Discrimination and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Allostatic Load

Hopefulness is associated with better health and may be integral for stress adaptation and resilience. Limited research has prospectively examined whether hopefulness protects against physiological...
Group Counseling for English Language Learners to Promote Academic Navigational Capital

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of an 8-week academic navigational capital group with English language learner (ELL) students. Minimal research exists examining ELL students’ ac...
Role of Interfacial Tension on Viscous Multiphase Flows in Coaxial Microfluidic Channels.

We experimentally investigate the influence of interfacial tension on liquid/liquid microflows for fluids having large viscosity contrasts. A coaxial microdevice is employed to examine the situation where a less-viscous fluid is injected in a sheath of a more-viscous fluid using both immiscible and miscible fluid pairs. Data obtained from high-speed imaging reveal a variety of regular flow regimes, including dripping, jetting, wavy, core-annular, diffusive jet, mist, and inverted thread flow patterns. Flow maps are delineated over a wide range of injection flow rates, and an original methodology based on periodic pattern analysis is developed to clarify relationships between interfacial dynamics and fluid properties of multiphase materials. Specifically, we show the smooth evolution of droplet size and spacing at the transition between dripping and jetting flows and develop scaling relationships based on capillary numbers to predict droplet flow morphologies. For similar flow conditions, reducing interfacial tension leads to a significant decrease in droplet size. For miscible fluid pairs, diffusive jets are observed at low Peclet numbers, whereas wavy core-annular flows are obtained at moderate Reynolds numbers for both immiscible and miscible fluids. This work provides a unifying description of the influence of interfacial properties on viscous microflow phenomena.
The Power of Reciprocity: How the Confederated Salish & Kootenai Water Compact Illuminates a Path Toward Tribal Reconciliation in Western Natural Resources Management

This article tells the story of the negotiation and passage of the United States-Montana-Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes’ water rights compact (CSKT Compact), ratified in 2021, which has created one of the most innovative water management regimes ever envisioned among sovereigns. The tale of the Compact’s journey toward ratification is extraordinary, as the parties confronted racism and litigation in a valley that is home to white supremacist groups and property rights activists. Compounding the problem, the Flathead Reservation itself contains vast swaths of checkerboard land held by non-Indians due to past allotment. To overcome these odds, the Tribes, within Montana’s unique compact commission process, carefully crafted a strategy premised on both science and tribal customary values that had a “stewardship for all” focus. After years of negotiation and outreach, along with a failed attempt in the Montana Legislature, and multiple litigation challenges, the Tribes eventually convinced the bill’s primary opponent to become its sponsor and strongest advocate in the next legislative session, taking the agreement all the way through Congressional ratification. This compact is the ultimate perseverance story in water law, but its contents are equally worthy of attention, containing cultural protections, habitat restoration, and climate-responsive management regimes that protect Indians and non-Indians alike and reach beyond reservation boundaries to bolster instream flow protections throughout western Montana. It is a forward-thinking management model worthy of study by all sovereigns confronting shared water supply challenges. Further, it advances the goals of reconciliation, which invites us to collectively acknowledge and remedy the historical injustices perpetuated on tribes and their relationships with natural resources.
Prenatally diagnosed pseudoaneurysms of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrous area.

The mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is an avascular, fibrous structure that provides continuity between the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and the aortic valve. Pseudoaneurysms of this area are rare and more commonly have been described in adult patients following trauma, cardiac surgery, or endocarditis.1,2 Limited case studies describe the occurrence in children following cardiac surgery3, 9 or endocarditis,4,5 with few case reports describing the congenital nature of these pseudoaneurysms.4,6-9 Here, we describe 5 cases of congenital pseudoaneurysms in the MAIVF area identified prenatally, with an additional 6 cases diagnosed postnatally. This is an unusual finding of varying clinical significance that can be isolated or associated with complex congenital heart disease, but importantly, can be identified and monitored in the fetus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Creative Arts Therapies for the Mental Health of Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review

Abstract Emerging adults face significant risk of experiencing mental health problems, especially since most lifetime mental problems have first onset by age 24. Despite the pervasiveness of these issues, emerging adults face barriers in receiving help including stigma surrounding help-seeking behavior and negative attitudes about perceived usefulness of therapy. Creative and expressive art therapies (CATs) can address these needs by providing potentially destigmatized, non-invasive approaches to mental health care. To examine how this population can benefit from CAT, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to understand the types of CAT interventions that have been empirically tested among emerging adults. From a total of 7,276 articles published between 1985 and 2020, we filtered down to 11 studies, both qualitative and quantitative, meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed art therapy and poetry therapy were the most frequently studied CATs for the emerging adult population; and art therapy studies comprised the largest proportion of studies reporting statistical significance on its efficacy among all CATs reviewed. We highlight the need for more studies using replicable, generalizable methods in evaluating CAT. We then discuss implications for counselors, practitioners, and clinician-researchers interested in using CAT to improve mental health care among emerging adults.
Lysosomal targetomics of ghr KO mice shows chaperone-mediated autophagy degrades nucleocytosolic acetyl-coA enzymes.

Mice deficient for GHR (growth hormone receptor; ghr KO) have a dramatic lifespan extension, and elevated levels of hepatic chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Using quantitative proteomics to identify protein changes in purified liver lysosomes and whole liver lysates, we provide evidence that elevated CMA in ghr KO mice downregulates proteins involved in ribosomal structure, translation initiation and elongation, and nucleocytosolic acetyl-coA production. Following up on these initial proteomics findings, we used a cell culture approach to show that CMA is necessary and sufficient to regulate the abundance of ACLY and ACSS2, the two enzymes that produce nucleocytosolic (but not mitochondrial) acetyl-coA. Inhibition of CMA in NIH3T3 cells has been shown to lead to aberrant accumulation of lipid droplets. We show that this lipid droplet phenotype is rescued by knocking down ACLY or ACSS2, suggesting that CMA regulates lipid droplet formation by controlling ACLY and ACSS2. This evidence leads to a model of how constitutive activation of CMA can shape specific metabolic pathways in long-lived endocrine mutant mice.
Collection of 'Forfeited' Real Estate Taxes in Illinois

BOUT 250,000 parcels of Cook County real estate, almost onefourth the total number in the county, are "forfeited" to the State each year for nonpayment of property taxes.' The Revenue Act of I939 provides that tax delinquent properties not sold at the annual tax sales are "forfeited to the State of Illinois."2 Tax buyers at the annual sales purchase properties in order to collect the taxes with heavy penalties from the delinquent owners, and select only those delinquent properties on which the prospects of early payment are good. The properties remaining unsold-those "forfeited"-are, therefore, mostly the unwanted residue which continue delinquent year after year and which have frequently been abandoned by their owners. The term "forfeited" carries a connotation of change in ownership which the actualities deny, for the State makes no claims to title or possession and the properties remain on the tax rolls. The term means only that the properties become liable to the collection methods which are the subject of this article. The importance of these 250,000 parcels does not lie in the loss of tax revenue. In recent years only 3 or 4 per cent of the real estate levy has remained uncollected.3 The importance lies in the removal from economic use of one-fourth the real estate parcels in the county. These parcels are chiefly lots in vacant subdivisions, dilapidated structures and lots in slum and blighted areas, and old and obsolete buildings elsewhere. The accumulated taxes constitute an obstacle to economic use. A prospective purchaser often finds that the delinquency amounts to more than the property is worth and that the settlement methods are too expensive and too dilatory. The owner clings to his title in the faint hope that he may some-
Low-energy electron-collision cross-section data: Part I: Ionization, dissociation, vibrational excitation

Graphical displays of selected experimental data on cross sections as functions of electron energy are presented for some 60 targets important in aeronomy, astrophysics, and plasma physics. The processes covered are ionization, dissociation, and vibrational excitation. Criteria for data selection are discussed. The literature available up to September 1968 has been searched.
Small-sample properties of dimensionality statistics for fitting VAR models to aggregate economic data: A Monte Carlo study

Abstract The analysis of aggregate economic phenomena by VAR's as suggested by Sims often results in a small sample relative to the number of estimated parameters. Since the model is identified by a dimensionality criterion, the small-sample properties of available criteria are important. This paper presents a study of small-sample properties for six criteria with Monte Carlo methods. It is found that no criterion performs well, and that underfitting of models may be quite common.
\"I Choose Life\": Contemporary Medical and Religious Practices in the Navajo World

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Maureen Trudelle Schwarz Year: 2011 Pages: 384 Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press ISBN: 978-0-8061-3941-6 (soft cover).
Keeping Faith with Nature: Ecosystems, Democracy, and America?s Public Lands

As the twenty-first century dawns, public land policy is entering a new era. This timely book examines the historical, scientific, political, legal, and institutional developments that are changing management priorities and policies-developments that compel us to view the public lands as an integrated ecological entity and a key biodiversity stronghold. Once the background is set, each chapter opens with a specific natural resource controversy, ranging from the Pacific Northwest's spotted owl imbroglio to the struggle over southern Utah's Colorado Plateau country. Robert Keiter uses these case histories to analyze the ideas, forces, and institutions that are both fomenting and retarding change. Although Congress has the final say in how the public domain is managed, the public land agencies, federal courts, and western communities are each playing important roles in the transformation to an ecological management regime. At the same time, a newly emergent and homegrown collaborative process movement has given the public land constituencies a greater role in administering these lands. Arguing that we must integrate the new imperatives of ecosystem science with our devolutionary political tendencies, Keiter outlines a coherent new approach to natural resources policy.
International banks as leaders or followers of international business: An historical perspective

Abstract International banking and international trade have been partners since the beginning of world trade and world finance. Indeed, the distinction between international trade and international finance as two separate functions and institutions is relatively recent. Banks and business firms are two parts of a world network. Therefore there is no easy answer to the question as to whether banks follow or lead international business. It is probable that where banks are aggressive in building world networks, and industries focus on single projects, banks lead and industry follows. But under the opposite conditions, the roles will reverse. There is no way to determine which of the two processes is dominant.
COLLABORATIVE CARE FOR PERINATAL DEPRESSION IN SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL.

Background Both antenatal and postpartum depression have adverse, lasting effects on maternal and child well-being. Socioeconomically disadvantaged women are at increased risk for perinatal depression and have experienced difficulty accessing evidence-based depression care. The authors evaluated whether “MOMCare,”a culturally relevant, collaborative care intervention, providing a choice of brief interpersonal psychotherapy and/or antidepressants, is associated with improved quality of care and depressive outcomes compared to intensive public health Maternity Support Services (MSS-Plus). Methods A randomized multisite controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment was conducted in the Seattle-King County Public Health System. From January 2010 to July 2012, pregnant women were recruited who met criteria for probable major depression and/or dysthymia, English-speaking, had telephone access, and ≥18 years old. The primary outcome was depression severity at 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-month postbaseline assessments; secondary outcomes included functional improvement, PTSD severity, depression response and remission, and quality of depression care. Results All participants were on Medicaid and 27 years old on average; 58% were non-White; 71% were unmarried; and 65% had probable PTSD. From before birth to 18 months postbaseline, MOMCare (n = 83) compared to MSS-Plus participants (n = 85) attained significantly lower levels of depression severity (Wald's χ2 = 6.09, df = 1, P = .01) and PTSD severity (Wald's χ2 = 4.61, df = 1, P = .04), higher rates of depression remission (Wald's χ2 = 3.67, df = 1, P = .05), and had a greater likelihood of receiving ≥4 mental health visits (Wald's χ2 = 58.23, df = 1, P < .0001) and of adhering to antidepressants in the prior month (Wald's χ2 = 10.00, df = 1, P < .01). Conclusion Compared to MSS-Plus, MOMCare showed significant improvement in quality of care, depression severity, and remission rates from before birth to 18 months postbaseline for socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Findings suggest that evidence-based perinatal depression care can be integrated into the services of a county public health system in the United States. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT01045655.
Risk factors for work disability associated with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions.

In our ﬁrst columnin this series on arthritis and em-ployment, we reviewed the evidence showing that thevarious forms of arthritis and other rheumatic condi-tions are associated with a substantial amount of workdisability.Whilemedicaltreatmentisofcoursethema-jor intervention for work disability, curative or evensubstantially effective treatment is often not availableleaving many people with arthritis continuing to expe-rience arthritis-related work limitations [1]. If factorsthat increase people’s risk for work disability – i.e.,work disability risk factors – can be identiﬁed and arepotentially modiﬁable, these factors would help guidethe development of interventions to enhance people’swork participation and performance.The purpose of this article is to review the litera-ture on risk factors for arthritis and other rheumaticcondition-related work disability. We reviewed stud-ies providing quantitative or qualitative data on riskfactors for any type of work disability outcome, e.g.,premature work cessation and productivity limitation.Productivity limitation includes absenteeism and pre-senteeism, the latter being reduced capacity to workwhile at work due to health.Risk factor studies have primarily been conductedusing samples of persons with a particular rheumatic
A natural frequency analogy between spherically curved panels and flat plates

By way of a similitude analysis of spherically curved panels, an analogy has been established between the natural frequencies of such panels and the natural frequencies of plates that are similar in boundary shape and type. Also, a general similitude relationship for spherically curved panels has been derived.
SR141716A reduces the reinforcing properties of heroin but not heroin-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine in rats

The present experiments tested the hypothesis that the selective CB 1 receptor antagonist SR141716A alters heroin self-administration by attenuating heroin-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine levels. SR141716A pretreatment dose-dependently (0.3-3 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced operant heroin self-administration by male Wistar rats under a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement, and significantly lowered the breaking point of responding for heroin under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. These observations are consistent with recent reports that CB 1 receptor inactivation reduces the rewarding properties of opiates. Operant responding for water reinforcement by water-restricted rats was unaltered by these SR141716A doses. Microdialysis tests revealed that heroin self-administration significantly increases interstitial dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell of vehicle-pretreated control rats. However, whereas SR141716A pretreatment dose-dependently reduced heroin self-administration, it did not alter the heroin-associated increase in nucleus accumbens dopamine. These findings suggest that the CB 1 antagonist-induced attenuation of heroin reward does not involve dopaminergic mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens shell.
Asymmetric Information and Profit Taking in Crop Insurance

Excess returns to producers insured by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation can arise due to asymmetric information or from the design of the insurance programs themselves. Using unique, unit-level crop insurance contract data for major crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat in five growing regions, we find evidence that producers in most regions may profit by selecting optional units, buy-up coverage, or by using transitional yields to participate in the federal crop insurance program. We also find evidence that advantages increase with land resource heterogeneity. However, the results do not support hypotheses that producers profit by selecting revenue insurance, nor that high levels of government "incompetence" exist in the design and administration of the crop insurance system.
Evaluation of Fluorinated Alkyl Phosphates as Flame Retardants in Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries: I. Physical and Electrochemical Properties

The reduction of electrolyte flammability by the known phosphorus-based flame retardants is always realized at the expense of cell performance, i.e., either electrochemical instability causing severe capacity fading or high viscosity of these cosolvents affecting both capacity utilization and power. To alleviate this trade-off between cell safety and performance, we synthesized a series of fluorinated alkyl phosphates and studied their applicability as flame retarding cosolvents in electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. Summarized in this part of the work are the physical properties of these fluorinated phosphates and their effect on the flammability and ion conductivity as well as electrochemical stability of the electrolyte solutions containing them. We found that the addition of these phosphates to electrolyte solutions reduces the overall flammability at the expense of ion conduction, while electrochemical stability on carbonaceous anodes is improved as the result of the introduction of fluorine. By adjusting fluorine content in the phosphates, it is possible to find a cosolvent that makes the concept of nonflammable lithium ion electrolyte practical.