cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Carboxyl-terminal Domain in Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-2 Inhibits FGF-1 Release in Response to Heat Shock in Vitro

Abstract The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) prototypes, FGF-1 and FGF-2, lack a signal sequence, but both contain a nuclear localization sequence. We prepared a series of FGF-1 deletion mutants fused to the reporter gene, β-galactosidase (β-gal) and determined that a domain between residues 83 and 154 is responsible for FGF-1 cytosol retention in NIH 3T3 cells. Using a series of FGF-β-gal chimeric proteins prepared by the shuffling of cassette-formatted synthetic FGF prototype genes, we were able to demonstrate that the nuclear localization sequence from the 5′-CUG region of FGF-2 is not able to direct the nuclear association of FGF-1 due to its inability to repress the function of the FGF-1 cytosol retention domain. We also observed that while the FGF-1:β-gal chimera was released in response to heat shock, the FGF-2:β-gal protein was not. Further, replacement of the FGF-1 cytosol retention domain with the corresponding domain from FGF-2 repressed the release of the chimeric protein. These data suggest that the specificity of the stress-induced secretion pathway for FGF-1 involves a carboxyl-terminal domain that is absent in FGF-2 and that the FGF-1 secretion pathway does not restrict the release of high molecular weight forms of FGF-1.
Graft reconstruction of the interosseous membrane in conjunction with metallic radial head replacement: a cadaveric study.

Purpose Longitudinal radioulnar dissociation (Essex-Lopresti injury) occurs when traumatic axial loading through the wrist disrupts the interosseous membrane (IOM) of the forearm and fractures the radial head. Proximal migration of the radius results in an ulnar-positive wrist, which can lead to painful ulnar-sided wrist degeneration and distal radioulnar joint instability. The purpose of this study was to measure the ability of an IOM reconstruction used in combination with a metal prosthetic radial head implant to reduce distal ulnar forces in a cadaveric model. The effects of varying the initial graft pretension on distal ulnar force were also studied. Methods Twelve fresh frozen and thawed cadaveric forearms had a miniature load cell installed to record force in the distal ulna as the wrist was loaded axially to 134 N of compression force in neutral rotation. Intact forearms were tested first with the elbow in valgus and varus alignments. Loading tests were repeated after (1) insertion of a metal radial head implant that restored radius anatomic length, (2) excision of the IOM (with a radial head implant), and (3) reconstruction of the IOM using a palmaris longus tendon autograft (with a radial head implant). The implant then was removed and loading tests were repeated using 3 levels of initial graft pretension. Results Mean distal ulnar forces with an intact forearm were 23% of applied wrist force in the varus alignment and 12% in the valgus alignment. Mean force levels after insertion of the implant were 18% (varus) and 13% (valgus); these were not significantly different from corresponding values for the intact forearm. Mean force levels after section of the IOM were 30% (varus) and 14% (valgus); these were not significantly different from corresponding values for the intact forearm (varus and valgus) but the mean for varus was significantly greater than the corresponding value with an implant. After IOM reconstruction with a palmaris longus tendon tensioned to 22 N mean distal ulnar forces were 8% (varus) and 7% (valgus); these means were significantly less than the corresponding values for all prior test conditions. With the radial head removed increasing the level of graft pretension reduced significantly mean distal ulnar force. Conclusions With the IOM resected insertion of a metal radial head implant alone did not reduce distal ulnar forces to intact forearm levels. When an IOM reconstruction was performed in combination with the implant mean distal ulnar force was reduced significantly to a level below that for the intact forearm. Applying pretension to the graft displaced the radius distally thereby making the wrist more ulnar negative and reducing distal ulnar force. Our results suggest that an IOM reconstruction used in combination with a metal radial head implant theoretically could help reduce distal ulnar impaction in an Essex-Lopresti injury.
GABA as the pallidothalamic neurotransmitter: implications for basal ganglia function

GABA levels, high affinity GABA uptake and glutamic acid decarboxylase levels are reduced in rat ventroanterolateral thalamic nucleus after destruction of the entopeduncular nucleus with kainic acid. This is strong evidence that GABA is an entopedunculothalamic neurotransmitter. The striatoentopeduncular pathway is also GABAergic. Thus the function of the corpus striatum may be to disinhibit the thalamus.
THE REBIRTH OF MEANING: A HUMAN PROBLEM

. With the rise of the social sciences, it was expected they would replace philosophy in solving practical problems and improving the human condition. Ernest Becker's The Birth and Death of Meaning describes this project to cure humankind, but also points out the failures along the way. Nonetheless, a new psychology, based on a final science of humanity, still can accomplish this task. While Becker admits an incurable religious tendency in human nature, he counts on its being satisfied through a “new heroism.” However, in light of past failures, it is worthwhile taking another look at religion as a source for “the rebirth of meaning.”
Selective intermittent adaptive control of processes subject to large infrequent changes

Abstract In this paper, we consider the indirect adaptive control of processes subject to large, infrequent changes in the process parameters. We attempt to improve the estimation and control by adopting a Gaussian-sum model that fits the characteristics of the parameter changes – better than the usual Gaussian stochastic description leading to the least squares. The optimal estimator that gives the minimum mean-squared error estimate of the parameters has the attractive properties of selectively tuning the estimator gain matrix for different types of parameter changes and being robust to measurement noises. The optimal estimator, however, is computationally infeasible; hence a suboptimal approach that retains the attractive properties of the optimal estimator is proposed. We evaluate the performance of the proposed multivariable adaptive controller by applying it to chemical processes modeled by fundamental and input/output models, with single- and multiple-parameter variations.
Microsecond to minute dynamics revealed by EX1-type hydrogen exchange at nearly every backbone hydrogen bond in a native protein.

Abstract A previous comprehensive analysis of the pH dependence of native-state amide hydrogen (NH) exchange in turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3) yielded apparent opening and closing rate constants ( k op and k cl ) at 14 NH groups involved in global conformational changes. This analysis has been extended to 18 additional slowly exchanging NH groups. Quench-flow experiments were performed to monitor NH exchange in native OMTKY3 from neutral to very alkaline pH (∼12) conditions. Above pH 10 the mechanism of exchange switched from one governed by a rapid equilibrium preceding the chemistry of exchange (i.e. EX2 exchange), to one where exchange was limited by the rate of opening (i.e. EX1 exchange). Kinetics of solvent exposure are now known for nearly all backbone NH groups in native OMTKY3, yielding rate constants that span five orders of magnitude, 0.004 to 200 s −1 .
Generalized Smagorinsky model for anisotropic grids

The paper revises the Smagorinsky subgrid model to properly account for grid anisotropy on the basis of energy equilibrium considerations in isotropic turbulence. For moderate resolution anisotropies, Deardorff's (1970) estimate involving an equivalent grid scale Delta(eq) = (Delta1 Delta2 Delta3) exp 1/3 is given a rigorous basis. It is argued that the results obtained should be used in conjunction with the dynamic model of Germano et al. (1991) whenever the anisotropy of the test filter differs significantly from that of the basic grid.
Metabolism of Bovine Semen. III. Uptake and Metabolic Utilization of Glycerol-1-C14 by Bovine Spermatozoa,

Summary It has been shown that glycerol-1-C 14 enters bull spermatozoa in measurable amounts and is converted to C 14 O 2 during anaerobic incubation. The oxidation of glycerol was shown to be due to the metabolic processes of the spermatozoa and not to enzymatic activity of seminal plasma. Incubation of sperm, which had been separated from the seminal plasma, in the presence of glycerol-1-C 14 showed high radioactivity in the CO 2 given off, whereas there was relatively no activity present in the CO 2 collected from seminal plasma incubated with glycerol-1-C 14 . Bull spermatozoa which had been separated from the seminal plasma showed a higher uptake and a higher metabolic utilization of glycerol than did spermatozoa in the presence of seminal plasma.
An analysis of melanogenesis in differentiating pigment cells of ascidian embryos.

Abstract The large otolith and ocellus pigment cells of the larvae of two ascidian species, Styela partita and Ciona intestinalis , were used to investigate the chemical nature of the precursor and product of melanin synthesis and the role of these molecules in melanin granulogenesis. Phenylthiourea, an inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosinase, prevented melanin synthesis in the ascidian pigment cells. Inhibitor reversibility experiments, histochemical tests, and radioautographic examination of C 14 -tyrosine incorporation demonstrated that both tyrosinase and a tyrosine-rich precursor material became concentrated and localized in a granule-like vacuole of the otolith pigment cell of embryos reared in phenylthiourea. Histochemical tests, C 14 -labeled amino acid incorporation experiments, and inhibition of protein synthesis with puromycin and chloramphenicol have shown that the melanin in ascidian pigment cell granules is not synthesized as a melanoprotein and that the precursor material is not a tyrosine peptide. Free tyrosine appears to be the precursor which is stored in the vacuole of phenylthiourea-inhibited otolith pigment cells. This investigation defines two functionally distinct processes as part of melanin granulogenesis: appearance and activity of the tyrosinase enzyme, and accumulation of precursor tyrosine. These processes appear to be capable of independent regulation.
Iron represses the expression of CFA/I fimbriae of enterotoxigenic E. coli

Experiments were designed to study the effect of iron on the expression of CFA/I fimbriae by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Addition of 0.05 mM ferrous sulfate to growth media decreased CFA/I antigen and fimbrial production by the CFA/I-positive ETEC strain H-10407 as measured by quantitative ELISA and hemagglutination assay. The repressive effect was reversed by the addition of the iron chelators, sodium citrate or dipyridyl. With a CFA/I subunit gene promoter-lacZ fusion, it was found that the activity of the subunit gene promoter was significantly higher in the presence of iron chelators than in medium containing iron in the fur+ strain DHB24. This difference was not observed in the fur mutant strain SBC24, suggesting that the global E. coli metalloregulatory protein Fur (ferric uptake regulation) is involved in the repression. The repressor may bind to the promoter of the CFA/I subunit gene since several potential Fur-binding sites were identified in the promoter area.
Controllable healing of defects and nitrogen doping of graphene by CO and NO molecules

Controllable defect healing and N-doping in graphene would be very valuable for potential device applications. Here we report first-principles molecular-dynamics simulations that suggest a procedure with fast dynamics and low thermal budget. Vacancies can be healed by sequential exposure to CO and NO molecules. A CO molecule gets adsorbed at a vacancy site and a NO molecule subsequently removes the extra O by forming NO${}_{2}$. Controllable N-doping can be achieved by sequential vacancy creation (e.g., by an electron beam) and subsequent exposure to NO molecules at room temperature. A combination of CO and NO molecules can potentially provide simultaneous healing and doping at a desirable ratio. The proposed strategy introduces no extra defects and is promising for graphene-based materials in radiation environments.
Ultrasonic characterization of tubing pinch welds

Spatially-focused, high-frequency ultrasonic pulses have been used in the evaluation of the quality of stainless steel tubing pinch welds. Experimentally, echoes from the bond plane were generally too weak to observe, except in bond planes with macrocracking. Correlations were therefore sought between bond quality and the amplitude and spectral features of the back-surface echo that has passed through the bond plane twice. Linear scans of the back-surface echo parallel and perpendicular to the tubing axis were made on pinch welds of four classes of bond quality. Trends, with scatter, were observed between the ultrasonic parameters and bond quality. These experimental results were interpreted using the Stanke-Kino theory of ultrasonic attenuation due to grain scattering to relate the microstructural changes caused by the pinch-weld process to the observed ultrasonic signals. The results illustrate the importance of process-related changes in near-bond microstructure in attempts to nondestructively determine bond strength.
Process Integration and Design Optimization for Model-Based Systems Engineering With SysML

Modern systems are difficult to design because they often involve the integration of multiple engineering domains, are constrained by competing objectives, include a multitude of stakeholders, and are inundated by large quantities of design information. As the complexity of systems design has grown, designers are using a diverse set of analyses during the design process. In this paper, we present an approach to help designers manage this spectrum of analyses and relate them to their systems design problems by integrating the Object Management Group’s Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML™) with a process integration and design optimization (PIDO) framework. This allows designers to model their design problems and the related analyses within SysML. These related analyses can then be translated into the PIDO framework where they are executed and managed. The framework used in this paper is Phoenix Integration’s ModelCenter. Previous approaches have integrated SysML with a specific analysis tool, but these approaches are not sufficient because they allow designers to use only a few types of analyses. By integrating SysML with ModelCenter, this approach allows designers to tackle the design problems from several perspectives. ModelCenter provides existing integrations to a large number of analysis tools allowing users to handle multiple heterogeneous analyses in the same environment. The implementation of this approach and its usefulness during a design process is illustrated using the design of a horizontal acting hydraulic log splitter. The log splitter model is chosen as the example because it is a simple hydraulic system with well-defined composition and modular components and has several competing requirements to satisfy.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Application of substitutability in congestion relief

The principal cause of transmission congestion is the lack of adequate transfer capabilities in the network. A modification of the network resulting in the increase of the constrained transfer capability(ies) is a viable scheme for congestion relief. An alternative approach is the addition of supply sources at nodes at which additional injection can be accommodated without violating the network constraints. In this sense, we may view the generation resource addition (GRA) and the transmission transfer capability enhancement (TCE) as substitutable congestion relief schemes. In this paper, we define and quantify the notion of substitutability in terms of the impacts of the GRA and those of the TCE on the electricity market outcomes. We use the social welfare as the metric to quantify the impacts of the modification of the resource mix or of the network. This measure allows the quantification to be performed on a consistent basis. We derive criteria under which the GRA and the TCE are substitutable for congestion relief. Simulation results on various test systems indicate the comparative ability of attaining congestion relief through a GRA or a TCE. Illustrative results on the IEEE 57-bus network are provided.
Identification of Unseen Flood Hazard Impacts in Southeast Florida Through Integration of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques

Coastal plains in southeast Florida are prone to flooding by storm surges and extreme rainfalls. In the example of southeast Florida, coastal flood studies are based on well-defined evacuation zones that are mapped according to hurricane intensity. The areal extent of flooding, due to high-rainfall storm events, on developed wetlands and “flood-proofed” coastal plains is difficult to assess using conventional techniques because the landscape is being rapidly modified by urban development. New techniques deployed in the emergency management preparedness process include spatiotemporal analysis of satellite imagery in conjunction with geographic, land, and marine information systems. Land uses within flood hazard zones are classified from satellite images in an effort to quantify the impacts of storm surges for successively higher flood levels associated with hurricane Categories 1, 3, and 5 evacuation scenarios. The geomatics involved shows that ∼10% of the total flood zone is in urban/residential land use but accounts for most of the damage to personal property and infrastructure. Potential flood zones on interior coastal plains were mapped from GIS soil coverages by identifying locations of hydric soils, poor drainage conditions, surface water hydroperiods, and associated hydrogeomorphic features. These advanced procedures helped establish a new protocol for coastal flood-hazard mapping in Broward County, Florida.
Shaping Performance on Programmed Materials

A method of shaping greater speed and accuracy with programmed materials is described. An adjusting schedule of reinforcement, in which reinforcement (in the form of points or money) was contingent upon each of 4 Ss' gradually increasing his speed and accuracy, was used effectively. Ongoing research involves the use of different step-sizes in the adjusting schedules and Ss choose which of two contingencies, time or errors, they will attempt to meet.
Are Machines Gender Neutral? Gender‐Stereotypic Responses to Computers With Voices

This study tested whether computers embedded with the most minimal gender cues will evoke gender-based stereotypic responses. Using an experimental paradigm (N = 40) that involved computers with voice output, the study tested 3 gender-based stereotypes under conditions in which all suggestions of gender were removed, with the sole exception of vocal cues. In all 3 cases, gender-stereotypic responses were obtained. Because the experimental manipulation involved no deception regarding the source of the voices. this study presents evidence that the tendency to gender stereotype is extremely powerful, extending even to stereotyping of machines.
Blood O2 saturation determination in frozen tissue

Abstract We have developed a method for microspectrophotometric determination of oxygen saturation in small arteries and veins of a quick-frozen tissue. Optical densities of 10- to 30-μm sections of frozen dog blood were determined with a Zeiss microspectrophotometer, and oxygen saturation was determined by a three-wavelength (560, 523, 506 nm) method. Blood sections were covered with silicone oil to prevent O 2 diffusion. Calibration lines were constructed by comparing absorbance ratios computed by the three-wavelength method against blood O 2 saturation determined by the Van Slyke method. The method was tested in arteries and veins of frozen dog gracilis muscle against Van Slyke. The mean saturation determined from three different vessels had an accuracy of ±2.6%.
The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine

Abstract The question of suffering and its relation to organic illness has rarely been addressed in the medical literature. This article offers a description of the nature and causes of suffering in patients undergoing medical treatment. A distinction based on clinical observations is made between suffering and physical distress. Suffering is experienced by persons, not merely by bodies, and has its source in challenges that threaten the intactness of the person as a complex social and psychological entity. Suffering can include physical pain but is by no means limited to it. The relief of suffering and the cure of disease must be seen as twin obligations of a medical profession that is truly dedicated to the care of the sick. Physicians' failure to understand the nature of suffering can result in medical intervention that (though technically adequate) not only fails to relieve suffering but becomes a source of suffering itself. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:639–45.)
Your smart phones are hot pockets to us: Context collapse in a mobilized age

A key guarantor of social trust and a necessary feature of democratic societies is a stable sense of social distance. Social distance is the cultural imaginary within which an individual’s coordinates of social status and contingent social location allow or inhibit contact with similarly and dissimilarly located others. The rearrangement of customary social distances by new communication technologies is a source of considerable social anxiety. In mobile communication, this context collapse is instigated by a distinctive combination of affordances: deep connectivity, the accelerated speed and volume of communicative exchange, enhanced social legibility and asymmetric communicative transparency. Robust and effective levels of social trust depend on a political will to build strong democratic accountability and civil rights guarantees into emerging mobile architectures. Identifying specific recalibrations of familiar social distances by regimes of mobile communication and assessing the effects of these recalibrations in democratic terms is a central task of mobile research.
Generalizing Evidence From Randomized Clinical Trials to Target Populations The ACTG 320 Trial

Properly planned and conducted randomized clinical trials remain susceptible to a lack of external validity. The authors illustrate a model-based method to standardize observed trial results to a specified target population using a seminal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment trial, and they provide Monte Carlo simulation evidence supporting the method. The example trial enrolled 1,156 HIV-infected adult men and women in the United States in 1996, randomly assigned 577 to a highly active antiretroviral therapy and 579 to a largely ineffective combination therapy, and followed participants for 52 weeks. The target population was US people infected with HIV in 2006, as estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results from the trial apply, albeit muted by 12%, to the target population, under the assumption that the authors have measured and correctly modeled the determinants of selection that reflect heterogeneity in the treatment effect. In simulations with a heterogeneous treatment effect, a conventional intent-to-treat estimate was biased with poor confidence limit coverage, but the proposed estimate was largely unbiased with appropriate confidence limit coverage. The proposed method standardizes observed trial results to a specified target population and thereby provides information regarding the generalizability of trial results.
Analysis of curved optical waveguides by conformal transformation

The method of conformal transformations is applied to the analysis of waveguide bends. Equivalent structures are obtained that permit solution by traditional methods of optical waveguide analysis. Losses associated with both curvature and with the transition from straight to curved guides are discussed and simple first-order expressions that describe the dependence of the losses on waveguide parameters are derived.
Optical diagnostics of railgun plasma armatures

A 1-cm square-bore railgun facility, dedicated to the development of diagnostic techniques and the study of plasma armatures, has been put into operation. Time-resolved, in-bore optical measurements of laser transmission and plasma spectral emission have been obtained, together with B-dot probe and piezoelectric pressure measurements. These measurements provide a means to determine the spatial profiles of armature current, pressure, and plasma emission relative to the measured projectile position and velocity. A novel method was used to deconvolve the signal from B-dot probes to obtain the current density in the arc without recourse to a priori assumptions for the mathematical form of current profiles. It was observed that plasma emission passes through a minimum near the armature current maximum, and it is suggested that insulator ablation products in the boundary layer may play a significant role in the wall radiative transfer. High-resolution, time-integrated spectra from the bore interior revealed that resonant absorption lines constitute the only significant spectral features, and that copper and aluminium each constitute approximately 10% of the armature material. >
Exploiting Sample-Data Distributions to Reduce the Cost of Nearest-Neighbor Searches with Kd-Trees

We present KD-DT, an algorithm that uses a decision-tree-inspired measure to build a kd-tree for low cost nearest-neighbor searches. The algorithm starts with a "standard" kd-tree and uses searches over a training set to evaluate and improve the structure of the kd-tree. In particular, the algorithm builds a tree that better insures that a query and its nearest neighbors will be in the same subtree(s), thus reducing the cost of subsequent search.
A statistical study of the global structure of the ring current

In this paper we derive the average configuration of the ring current as a function of the state of the magnetosphere as indicated by the Dst index. We sort magnetic field data from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) by spatial location and by the Dst index in order to produce magnetic field maps. From these maps we calculate local current systems by taking the curl of the magnetic field. NN7e find both the westward (outer) and the eastward (inner) components of the ring current. We find that the ring current intensity varies linearly with D.St as expected, and that the ring current is asymmetric for all Dst values. The azimuthal peak of the ring current is located in the afternoon sector for quiet conditions, and near midnight for disturbed conditions. The ring current also moves closer to the Earth during disturbed conditions. We are able to recreate the Dst index by integrating the magnetic perturbations caused by the ring current. We find that we needed to apply a 20 nT offset to Dst, and assume a perfectly conducting Earth to obtain an optimal agreement between the computed and the observed Dst. We interpret the 20 nT offset as the magnetic field generated by the quiet time ring current used as baseline in computing Dst.
Thermal oxidation of aluminum nitride powder

The oxidation kinetics, morphology, and crystallinity of aluminum nitride (AlN) powder thermally oxidized in flowing oxygen were determined from 800° to 1150°C. At 800°C the oxidation became detectable with weight change. AlN powder was almost completely oxidized at 1050°C after only 0.5 h. Amorphous aluminum oxide formed at relatively low temperatures (800°-1000°C), with a linear oxidation rate governed by the oxygen-nitride interfacial reaction. Transmission electron microscopy displayed individual aluminum oxide grains which formed a discontinuous oxide layer at this temperature range. The aluminum oxide was crystalline at higher temperatures (>1000°C), as detected by X-ray diffraction, and the density of oxide grains increased with temperature.
Plasma-wall interaction inside a Hall thruster

The dynamics of a Hall thruster is investigated numerically in the presence of a plasma–wall interaction. The plasma–wall interaction is a function of the wall potential, which in turn is determined by the secondary electron emission and sputtering yield. In the present work, the effect of secondary electron emission and sputter yield have been considered simultaneously. Owing to disparate temporal scales, ions and neutrals have been described by a set of time-dependent equations while electrons are considered in a steady state. Based on the experimental observations, a third-order polynomial in electron temperature is used to calculate the ionization rate. The changes in the plasma density, potential and azimuthal electron velocity due to the sputter yield are significant in the acceleration region. The change in ion and electron velocity and temperature is small. The neutral velocity, which decreases initially, starts increasing towards the exit consistent with the computed neutral density profile. The results are qualitatively compared with the experiments.
A comparative study of interval and conventional training in Thoroughbred racehorses

Summary Eight horses with previous racing experience were used in a comparative study of training methods for Thoroughbred racehorses. They were randomly assigned to two groups of four horses each. One group was trained using an interval training method (IT) and the other using conventional training (CT) methods. Peak heart rates, heart rate recovery curves, peak plasma lactate levels, plasma lactate clearance rates and run times were used to evaluate differences in the training methods. Peak heart rates, heart rate recovery curves, and run times were not significantly different between the groups. However, higher lactate production and increased plasma lactate clearance by the IT group demonstrated an increased anaerobic capacity.
Ipsilesional motor deficits following stroke reflect hemispheric specializations for movement control

Recent reports of functional impairment in the ‘unaffected’ limb of stroke patients have suggested that these deficits vary with the side of lesion. This not only supports the idea that the ipsilateral hemisphere contributes to arm movements, but also implies that such contributions are lateralized. We have previously suggested that the left and right hemispheres are specialized for controlling different features of movement. In reaching movements, the non-dominant arm appears better adapted for achieving accurate final positions and the dominant arm for specifying initial trajectory features, such as movement direction and peak acceleration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether different features of control could characterize ipsilesional motor deficits following stroke. Healthy control subjects and patients with either left- or right-hemisphere damage performed targeted single-joint elbow movements of different amplitudes in their ipsilateral hemispace. We predicted that left-hemisphere damage would produce deficits in specification of initial trajectory features, while right-hemisphere damage would produce deficits in final position accuracy. Consistent with our predictions, patients with left, but not right, hemisphere damage showed reduced modulation of acceleration amplitude. However, patients with right, but not left, hemisphere damage showed significantly larger errors in final position, which corresponded to reduced modulation of acceleration duration. Neither patient group differed from controls in terms of movement speed. Instead, the mechanisms by which speed was specified, through modulation of acceleration amplitude and modulation of acceleration duration, appeared to be differentially affected by left- and right-hemisphere damage. These findings support the idea that each hemisphere contributes differentially to the control of initial trajectory and final position, and that ipsilesional deficits following stroke reflect this lateralization in control.
Correction of forearm deformities in congenital ulnar club hand: one-bone forearm.

Purpose To describe our experience in the correction of congenital ulnar club hand, using the one-bone forearm procedure. Methods Fifteen cases of congenital ulnar club hand treated at Gaslini Children's Hospital of Genoa, Italy, from 1996 to 2008 were evaluated retrospectively. The one-bone forearm procedure was proposed for all 9 cases of type 2 (following the Bayne classification) and then performed in 8 patients with an average age of 5.5 years (range, 3–12 y). At surgery, the patients presented paradoxical hyperextension of the elbow (up to 45° of extension). Results Average follow-up was 5.3 years (range, 1 to 13 y). Union of the osteotomy was obtained in all cases. In 7 cases, union occurred in an average of 65 days (range, 45–90 d); in 1 case (surgery at 12 y of age), union was delayed, with recovery 5.5 months after surgery and no need for further surgical procedures. All treated cases showed improvement of forearm function and of grasping ability of the hand (generally tridactyl). In addition, the paradoxical hyperextension movement that was present before surgery disappeared in all patients. Long-term radiographic follow-up showed in all cases the formation of a structure that was morphologically similar to that of the previously resected radial head. Conclusions The one-bone forearm procedure improves malformed forearm functions, thus increasing the possibility of carrying out daily life activities. The creation of the one-bone forearm should be preceded by the release of the distal ulnar anlage, which maintains fixed wrist deformity; this procedure should be performed within the first year of life.
Governance-Knowledge Fit in Systems Development Projects

This study addresses the theoretically underexplored question of how fit between project governance configurations, and the knowledge of specialized information technology (IT) and client departments, influences information systems development (ISD) performance. It conceptualizes project governance configurations using two classes of project decisions rights---decision control rights and decision management rights. The paper then develops a middle-range theory of how governance-knowledge fit shapes ISD performance by influencing the effective exercise of these decision rights during the development process. Further, the two dimensions of ISD performance---efficiency and effectiveness---are shaped by different classes of project decision rights. Data from 89 projects in 89 firms strongly support the proposed ideas. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
Anhydrous Carbopol® Polymer Gels for the Topical Delivery of Oxygen/Water Sensitive Compounds

Purpose: The purpose of this study was the development and evaluation of an anhydrous glycerin-based Carbopol gel in order to study the stability of the oxygen/water-sensitive agent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).Methods: Various Carbopol polymers were investigated rheologically at concentrations of 0.25–1% using a Brookfield viscometer in order to evaluate their ability to form anhydrous glycerin-based formulations. The addition of Transcutol® P was evaluated in order to create a gel that can be utilized for the incorporation of more lipophilic compounds. The suitability of standard neutralizers and their useful concentrations were determined to develop guidelines for formulation optimization. An accelerated stability study was performed at 50°C to evaluate the degradation of EGCG in an anhydrous glycerin gel.Results: It was found that Carbopol 974 is the most efficient thickener for anhydrous glycerin formulations. In contrast to aqueous gels, anhydrous gels are formed without the addition of neutraliz...
Hox Genes and Axial Specification in Vertebrates

Abstract The colinear, anterior to posterior expression domains of the Hox genes in vertebrate embryos is strongly correlated with regional changes in vertebral morphology. The limbs of tetrapods are consistently aligned with specific areas of the vertebral column. However, control of limb development is apparently situated in the lateral plate mesoderm, and has been experimentally shown to be independent of an axial Hox code (Cohn et al., 1997, Nature 387:97–101). We have used experimental manipulation of chick embryos to test the causal role of Hox genes in patterning derivatives of the paraxial mesoderm. Hox expression in heterotopically transplanted segmental plate responds in a manner consistent with a patterning role for these genes in the morphological behavior of the transplants. Expression is maintained in dorsal paraxial regions where patterning is also intrinsic to the donor site of the graft. However, expression is apparently lost in somite cells that migrate into the host lateral plate enviro...
Relationship between resistive loads and P1 peak of respiratory-related evoked potential

Knafelc, Marie, and Paul W. Davenport. Relationship between resistive loads and P1peak of respiratory-related evoked potential. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 918–926, 1997.—This study investigated the r...
THE STABILITY OF BACTERIAL SUSPENSIONS III. AGGLUTINATION IN THE PRESENCE OF PROTEINS, NORMAL SERUM, AND IMMUNE SERUM.

1. The addition of proteins or serum to suspensions of bacteria, (Bacillus typhosus or rabbit septicemia) at different pH widens the acid agglutination zone and shifts the isoelectric point to that of the added substance. 2. The amount of serum required to agglutinate is much less near the acid agglutination point of the organisms. 3. The addition of immune serum prevents the salt from decreasing the cohesive force between the organisms, and agglutination therefore is determined solely by the potential, provided excess immune body is present. Whenever the potential is decreased below 15 millivolts the suspension agglutinates.
Microplots : The case ofSwan Lake.

My hypothesis is that art reflects and exploits patterns of differential interest shaped by natural selection.Swan Lake demonstrates how little plot material is required for an evening-long work of art. Examination of this and other ballets suggests that the scenario is closer to the core of a production than the more changeable music and dance are. This narrative minimum is composed of different behavioral tendencies familiar to sociobiological inquiry. Set into a matrix of counterpoising forces, these biases generate enormous interest, helping us to account for the ritualistic status of the artistic canon.
A Time Schedule of the Meiotic and Early Mitotic Stages of Ilyanassa

SUMMARY1. The characteristics and duration of the meiotic and mitotic stages during the early development of the prosobranch gastropod Ilyanassa = Nassarius obsoletus Say were studied. These were correlated with the external morphology of the egg and blastomeres.2. At 23±1°C. the duration of metaphase and anaphase, both meiotic and mitotic, is about 10 minutes. Telophase I lasts 10 minutes; telophase II, 30 minutes; and the mitotic telophases 25 minutes. Prometaphase II lasts 10 minutes as does the prometaphase before the first cleavage. Prometaphase before the second and third cleavage lasts 5 minutes. Interphase has a duration of 30 minutes and prophase a duration of 25 minutes.
Cloud/land – An Onto-story

Taking up Jane Bennett's invitation at the end of Vibrant Matter to imagine an ‘onto-story,’ this essay travels our archives by way of the medial impressions generated by the co-presence of a human person and the phenomenon we name ‘cloud.’
Gender and sexuality in Muslim cultures, edited by Gul Ozyegin, Surrey, UK, Ashgate Publishing Company, 2015, 392 pp., £75 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1472414526

Research indicates that people in the United States have more negative attitudes towards Muslims than Christians (e.g. Rowatt, Franklin, & Cotton, 2005); these attitudes were painfully illustrated ...
Single Chip Microcomputer Based Carbon Dioxide Sensing System Using Infrared Absorption

Analyses about carbon dioxide sensor applying infrared absorb theory and based microcontroller was given in this paper.Infrared detected law was provided as well as the function and realization of the system.
Proline at the P2 position in protein C is important for calcium-mediated regulation of protein C activation and secretion.

Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent plasma serine protease zymogen, which upon activation, functions as an anticoagulant. Protein C activation is catalyzed by a complex of thrombin (T) with thrombomodulin (TM). This activation is Ca(2+)-dependent, but Ca2+ inhibits protein C activation by thrombin alone. In most proteases, specificity is determined primarily by the residues that lie near the scissile bond. In protein C, the P2 position is Pro, whereas in the fibrinogen A chain, P2 is Val. We have expressed a Pro-->Val mutant of protein C (P168V) in mammalian cells. At saturating Ca2+, the P168V and wild-type proteins were activated by the T-TM complex equivalently, but half maximal rates of activation were obtained at 50 mumol/L Ca2+ for wild type and approximately 5 mmol/L Ca2+ for the P168V mutant. In the absence of TM, Ca2+ no longer inhibited the activation of the P168V mutant. These results indicate that Pro168 influences the Ca(2+)- dependent conformational changes in protein C that control activation. Recently, a patient with thrombotic complications has been identified with a Pro168-->Leu substitution. Both the P168V and the P168L mutation lead to impaired secretion caused by retention within the cell.
From Flexible and Stretchable Meta-Atom to Metamaterial: A Wearable Microwave Meta-Skin with Tunable Frequency Selective and Cloaking Effects

This paper reports a flexible and stretchable metamaterial-based “skin” or meta-skin with tunable frequency selective and cloaking effects in microwave frequency regime. The meta-skin is composed of an array of liquid metallic split ring resonators (SRRs) embedded in a stretchable elastomer. When stretched, the meta-skin performs as a tunable frequency selective surface with a wide resonance frequency tuning range. When wrapped around a curved dielectric material, the meta-skin functions as a flexible “cloaking” surface to significantly suppress scattering from the surface of the dielectric material along different directions. We studied frequency responses of multilayer meta-skins to stretching in a planar direction and to changing the spacing between neighboring layers in vertical direction. We also investigated scattering suppression effect of the meta-skin coated on a finite-length dielectric rod in free space. This meta-skin technology will benefit many electromagnetic applications, such as frequency tuning, shielding, and scattering suppression.
Evaluation of a worksite mammography program.

We implemented a one-year program to promote mammography for employees at one campus of a state university system; a second campus served as a comparison site. Measurement cohorts, who were surveyed immediately before and after the intervention, had been randomly selected at each site; all of the subjects had insurance coverage that included mammographic screening. The intervention consisted of print media, on-site workshops, and incentive drawings. Results indicated that mammography rates increased significantly at both sites, for both those 40-49 years of age and for those ≥50 years of age. The rate increases for the 40- to 49-year-old age group at the intervention and control sites were 17.6% and 13.6%, respectively, and, for the ≥50-year-old age group, 11.9% and 6.3%. However, the differential changes in rates between the sites were not significant for either age category. The intervention was perceived positively by the intervention site cohort, and participation in the various components was encouraging. We present suggestions for future research on this topic.
Unilateral thoracoscopic laser pneumoplasty of diffuse bullous emphysema

The technical details of thoracoscopic laser pneumoplasty (TLP) by means of a contact neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is described. Retrospective analysis of 769 unilateral TLPs indicated that the operative risk is acceptable (6% 3-months mortality rate), and significant subjective and objective improvement was achieved. Recurrent bullous emphysema is discussed. TLP is an effective treatment of advanced emphysema.
A Sorghum Mutant Resource as an Efficient Platform for Gene Discovery in Grasses

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a versatile C4 crop and a model for research in family Poaceae. High-quality genome sequence is available for the elite inbred line BTx623, but functional validation of genes remains challenging due to the limited genomic and germplasm resources available for comprehensive analysis of induced mutations. In this study, we generated 6400 pedigreed M4 mutant pools from EMS-mutagenized BTx623 seeds through single-seed descent. Whole-genome sequencing of 256 phenotyped mutant lines revealed >1.8 million canonical EMS-induced mutations, affecting >95% of genes in the sorghum genome. The vast majority (97.5%) of the induced mutations were distinct from natural variations. To demonstrate the utility of the sequenced sorghum mutant resource, we performed reverse genetics to identify eight genes potentially affecting drought tolerance, three of which had allelic mutations and two of which exhibited exact cosegregation with the phenotype of interest. Our results establish that a large-scale resource of sequenced pedigreed mutants provides an efficient platform for functional validation of genes in sorghum, thereby accelerating sorghum breeding. Moreover, findings made in sorghum could be readily translated to other members of the Poaceae via integrated genomics approaches.