cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(Chlorido/bromido)[(1,2,5,6-η)-cyclo­octa-1,5-diene](4-isopropyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl­idene)rhodium(I)

A new triazole-based neutral RhI complex, [Rh(Cl0.846Br0.154)(C6H11N3)(C8H12)], has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The RhI atom has a distorted square-planar coordination environment, formed by a bidentate cyclo­octa-1,5-diene (COD) ligand, an N-heterocyclic carbene and a halide ligand that shows substitutional disorder (Cl:Br = 0.846:0.154). No significant inter­molecular inter­actions other than van der Waals forces are found in the crystal structure. Diffraction data indicated a two-component inversion twin with a ratio of 0.95 (5):0.05 (5).
Introduction to a Programmatic Approach to Health Disparities and Cultural Competency Training in Pharmacy Education.

The 2013 American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) White Paper by O'Connell et. al introduced instructional approaches and resources for assessing health disparities (HD) and cultural competency (CC) training within the pharmacy curriculum. Instructional standards such as the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Standards 2016 have been updated to state the importance of teaching "cultural awareness" and exposure to "diverse populations" within pharmacy curricula. There remains a gap in understanding how various programs should implement these concepts. To ensure that the knowledge students learn is meaningful, it is critical for approaches to HDCC education to be intentional, integrative, and comprehensive. Without this approach, students may lose key skills and be unable to deliver culturally responsive, patient-centered care upon graduation. In this themed issue, five papers will introduce areas for HDCC inclusion and explore how these topics are currently being covered in pharmacy education. Recommendations on best practices are provided.
Equation-of-state modeling of associating-fluids phase equilibria in nanopores

Abstract Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) is coupled with Young–Laplace equation to investigate and represent phase equilibria for associating fluids in nanopores. Despite of stronger fluid–fluid and fluid–wall interactions, the equation of state was found to perform as well as it did for non-associating fluids in the preceding work (Tan and Piri [1] ). When the information obtained for pure substances is applied to mixtures in the same porous mediums, the phase equilibrium is accurately predicted, except for strongly-associating mixtures in polar mediums, for which it requires further studies. The promising results presented in this work complement those for non-associating fluids in the preceding study [1] to develop an effective model toward engineering applications in real settings of confined fluids such as chemical systems encountered in unconventional reservoirs (e.g., shale oil and shale gas).
Analysis of Protein Acylation

Proteins can be acylated with a variety of fatty acids attached by different covalent bonds, influencing, among other things, their function and intracellular localization. This unit describes methods to analyze protein acylation, both levels of acylation and also the identification of the fatty acid and the type of bond present in the protein of interest. Protocols are provided for metabolic labeling of proteins with tritiated fatty acids, for exploitation of the differential sensitivity to cleavage of different types of bonds, in order to distinguish between them, and for thin-layer chromatography to separate and identify the fatty acids associated with proteins.
Enlargement and Displacement of the Mediastinum

Excerpt The mediastinum is that portion of the thoracic cavity which is bounded above by the superior thoracic inlet, below by the diaphragm, posteriorly by the anterior surface of the bodies of th...
A model for solid3He: II

We propose a simple Ginzburg-Landau free energy to describe the magnetic phase transition in solid3He. The free energy is analyzed with due consideration of the hard first order transitions at low magnetic fields. The resulting phase diagram contains all of the important features of the experimentally observed phase diagram. The free energy also yields a critical field at which the transition from the disordered state to the high field state changes from a first order to a second order one.
Large animal models for stem and progenitor cell analysis.

Extrapolation of an understanding regarding hematopoiesis and, in particular, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from rodent models or in vitro human cell models to applications in humans has proven very difficult. This is not surprising, given the differences between rodent and human hematopoietic physiology and the lack of true in vitro assays for HSCs. Therefore, translational preclinical development of genetic and cellular therapies is dependent on the utilization of practical and well-defined large animal models. This chapter will introduce the most commonly used model species, including macaques, baboons, dogs, cats, and sheep, and explain the particular advantages and limitations of each. Specific protocols for the support of macaques through ablative cell and gene therapy procedures will be included to introduce investigators to the types of resources and support required to maintain a large animal facility dedicated to high-intensity experimentation, and also to introduce investigators to the types of procedures that are possible. Keywords: stem cells; canine; feline; nonhuman primate; hematopoiesis; gene transfer; xenograft
Retinoic Acid: Its Biosynthesis and Metabolism

This article presents a model that integrates the functions of retinoid-binding proteins with retinoid metabolism. One of these proteins, the widely expressed (throughout retinoid target tissues and in all vertebrates) and highly conserved cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), sequesters retinol in an internal binding pocket that segregates it from the intracellular milieu. The CRBP-retinol complex appears to be the quantitatively major form of retinol in vivo, and may protect the promiscuous substrate from nonenzymatic degradation and/or non-specific enzymes. For example, at least seven types of dehydrogenases catalyze retinal synthesis from unbound retinol in vitro (NAD+ vs. NADP+ dependent, cytosolic vs. microsomal, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases vs. medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases). But only a fraction of these (some of the short-chain de-hydrogenases/reductases) have the fascinating additional ability of catalyzing retinal synthesis from CRBP-bound retinol as well. Similarly, CRBP and/or other retinoid-binding proteins function in the synthesis of retinal esters, the reduction of retinal generated from intestinal beta-carotene metabolism, and retinoic acid metabolism. The discussion details the evidence supporting an integrated model of retinoid-binding protein/metabolism. Also addressed are retinoid-androgen interactions and evidence incompatible with ethanol causing fetal alcohol syndrome by competing directly with retinol dehydrogenation to impair retinoic acid biosynthesis.
Public debt, monetization and inflation: Evidence from the U.S. time series☆

Abstract This paper presents time series evidence based on vector autoregressive representations which strongly contradicts the hypothesis that larger real deficit induces the Federal Reserve to monetize it.
Neurosteroid transport by the organic solute transporter OSTα–OSTβ

A variety of steroids, including pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are synthesized by specific brain cells, and are then delivered to their target sites, where they exert potent effects on neuronal excitability. The present results demonstrate that [(3)H]DHEAS and [(3)H]PREGS are relatively high affinity substrates for the organic solute transporter, OSTα-OSTβ, and that the two proteins that constitute this transporter are selectively localized to steroidogenic cells in the cerebellum and hippocampus, namely the Purkinje cells and cells in the cornu ammonis region in both mouse and human brain. Analysis of Ostα and Ostβ mRNA levels in mouse Purkinje and hippocampal cells isolated via laser capture microdissection supported these findings. In addition, Ostα-deficient mice exhibited changes in serum DHEA and DHEAS levels, and in tissue distribution of administered [(3)H]DHEAS. OSTα and OSTβ proteins were also localized to the zona reticularis of human adrenal gland, the major region for DHEAS production in the periphery. These results demonstrate that OSTα-OSTβ is localized to steroidogenic cells of the brain and adrenal gland, and that it modulates DHEA/DHEAS homeostasis, suggesting that it may contribute to neurosteroid action.
Timely culture for mycobacteria which utilizes a microcolony method.

For the isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens, we evaluated a method that used a thinly poured Middlebrook 7H11 agar plate (10 by 90 mm) that was examined microscopically. Inoculated plates were sealed, incubated, and examined at regular intervals for the appearance of microcolonies. Plates were examined microscopically, while still sealed, by focusing on the agar surface through the bottom of the plate and the agar. Plates were scanned at low power (x40 total magnification), and colony morphology was confirmed at intermediate power (x100 to x180 magnification). This method was compared with a traditional method that used macroscopic examination of standard mycobacterial media. By using all specimens submitted for mycobacterial culture over the duration of the study, the method was evaluated until 270 isolates of mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, n = 103; M. avium-M. intracellulare, n = 115; miscellaneous, n = 52) were detected. While the conventional method required an average of 23 days to the time of first detection of mycobacteria, the experimental method required an average of only 11 days. When limited to acid-fast stain-positive specimens that were culture positive for M. tuberculosis, the average interval to positivity was 7 days for the microcolony method compared with 17 days for the conventional method. With the experimental method, the microscopic colonial morphology allowed for the presumptive identification of M. tuberculosis colonies, which were distinguished by cording, and M. avium-M. intracellulare colonies, which were smooth and entire. Presumptive identification was complete for 83.5% of the M. tuberculosis isolates within 10 days and for 85% of the M. avium-M. intracellulare isolates within 11 days after inoculation. If the microcolony method was combined with a conventional tube medium, the composite would optimize for speed of recovery while providing the full sensitivity of the conventional method. In addition to reducing the interval to positivity, the microcolony method allows for the easy detection of mixed mycobacterial infections and yields a presumptive identification that facilitates the selection of a confirmatory gene probe test. Images
The influence of intermittent hypoxemia on platelet activation in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives:Literature regarding platelet function in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has considerable limitations. Given the central role of platelets in atherothrombosis and the known cardiovascular...
Lead-free solder flip chips on FR-4 substrates with different surface finishes, underfills and fluxes

This study is focused on the assembly and reliability of 200-250um-pitch, lead-free (SnAgCu) flip chips on FR4 substrates. The impact of different PCB surface finishes (OSP and ENIG) was investigated from assembly and reliability perspectives. Different underfill materials (including an acid anhydrate-based material and two nonacid anhydrate-based materials) were evaluated for compatibility with the flux and lead-free solder bumps and process.
Adjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women. Surgical resection has been shown to be the only curable treatment available. Unfortunately only 20% of all patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are surgical candidates due to the aggressive biology of this disease. There is no clear consensus on what type of adjuvant therapy should be used for patients with pancreatic cancer. Chemoradiation is the favored treatment modality by many in the United States while gemcitabine based chemotherapy is favored in Europe. Both of these approaches have been shown by large prospective, randomized trials to improve disease free intervals and in some studies overall survival. The survival of these patients, even status post resection and adjuvant therapy, remains poor and therefore the need for alternative adjuvant therapies is needed. We will therefore discuss Abstracts #4124, #TPS4162, #4120 and #E15191 in this paper which are relevant to the issues described above. Image: Tufts University Medford campus (Author: Alonso Nichols / Tuft University Photo)
Photoincorporation of azialcohol to the C1B domain of PKCδ is buffer dependent

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a signal transducing protein that has been implicated in binding alcohol and anesthetics. The alcohol and anesthetic binding of protein kinase C delta C1B domain has been determined previously by photolabeling and mass spectrometry [J. Das, G.H. Addona, W.S. Sandberg, S.S. Husain, T. Stehle, K.W. Miller, Identiffcation of a general anesthetic binding site in the diacylglycerol-binding domain of protein kinase C delta, J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 37964-37972]. Here we studied photoincorporation of 3-azioctanol, a photoactive analog of octanol into PKC delta C1B in two buffer systems containing tris and hepes. The extent of photoincorporation was higher in hepes compared to tris as determined by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis. The results are explained on the basis of the presence of number of primary hydroxyl and amino groups in tris and hepes molecules that could affect the binding of alcohol molecules to protein. This observation will be useful in selecting buffer system for biochemical studies on PKC.
A budget of trisections

My intention in publishing is to enable those who have been puzzled by one or two discoverers to see how they look in a lump. The only question is, has the selection been farily made? To this my answer is, that no selection at all has been made. The books are, without exception, those which I have in my own library; and I have taken all—I mean all of the kind: Heaven forbid that I should be supposed to have no other books! (Budget, vol. 1, p. 7.)
Attainment of High Resolution with Diffraction Gratings and Echelles

The availability of increased resolution, dispersion, and luminosity from plane gratings at high angles of incidence and diffraction is discussed from the standpoints of theory and practice. Reduction in the resolution given by actual gratings at angles above a certain maximum for a given wavelength usually arises from close-lying line-satellites originating from ruling defects. Variation of satellite displacements and intensities with wavelength gives rise to such undesirable effects as error of coincidence. The bright 10-in. gratings now produced by the M.I.T. interferometrically controlled engine can be used effectively at very high angles (12th-order green from 7500 grooves per inch), but as in all gratings the angle above which resolution fails to increase further diminishes with decreasing wavelength. The pattern dimensions and intensities of satellites are here discussed qualitatively as they affect resolution in various spectral regions, and are quantitatively discussed by one of us elsewhere.The use of gratings and echelles in series for increasing spectroscopic efficiency is discussed, and spectrograms made with two echelles thus used are shown. Two gratings used in series transmit only a narrow wavelength range at one setting because of the wide angular spread of the beam from the first disperser. An echelle beam, on the other hand, spreads but little, and can be caught on a second echelle to give broad spectral coverage. Two echelles used in series give high speed and resolution without the careful relative adjustment required to produce a satisfactory grating mosaic.
Covalent functionalization of NiTi surfaces with bioactive peptide amphiphile nanofibers

Surface modification enables the creation of bioactive implants using traditional material substrates without altering the mechanical properties of the bulk material. For applications such as bone plates and stents, it is desirable to modify the surface of metal alloy substrates to facilitate cellular attachment, proliferation, and possibly differentiation. In this work we present a general strategy for altering the surface chemistry of nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy in order to covalently attach self-assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers with bioactive functions. Bioactivity in the systems studied here includes biological adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast and endothelial cell types. The optimized surface treatment creates a uniform TiO(2) layer with low levels of Ni on the NiTi surface, which is subsequently covered with an aminopropylsilane coating using a novel, lower temperature vapor deposition method. This method produces an aminated surface suitable for covalent attachment of PA molecules containing terminal carboxylic acid groups. The functionalized NiTi surfaces have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These techniques offer evidence that the treated metal surfaces consist primarily of TiO(2) with very little Ni, and also confirm the presence of the aminopropylsilane overlayer. Self-assembled PA nanofibers presenting the biological peptide adhesion sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser are capable of covalently anchoring to the treated substrate, as demonstrated by spectrofluorimetry and AFM techniques. Cell culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrate cellular adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on these functionalized metal surfaces. Furthermore, these experiments demonstrate that covalent attachment is crucial for creating robust PA nanofiber coatings, leading to confluent cell monolayers.
Generation of spectrin breakdown products in peripheral nerves by addition of M-calpain.

Identification of spectrin breakdown products (SBP) in tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) has been used to monitor calpain activity in models of neurodegeneration. We investigated the use of this technique in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in order to use it as a marker of calpain-mediated proteolysis during axonal degeneration. Using in vitro methods for activation of calpains, we compared brains and sciatic nerves from rats for the presence of calpain-specific SBP. The 150-kDa SBP identified on western blots was demonstrated in brain and nerve homogenates subjected to membrane disruption in the presence of calcium. Incubation of tissues with recombinant m-calpain generated SBP in a dose-dependent fashion, and calpastatin inhibited the generation of SBP by either paradigm. In contrast to brain, sciatic nerves showed the presence of SBP even in noninjured tissues, suggesting a basal level of calpain activity in peripheral nerves. Time-course experiments showed that the generation of SBP in sciatic nerves correlated with the breakdown of axonal neurofilaments. SBP peaked within minutes after addition of m-calpain and disappeared in the homogenates before 1 h, indicating that identification of SBP is a transient phenomenon. These data provide a potential new way for studying axonal degeneration in both experimental and human neuropathies.
Phase boundaries and reversibility of LiBH4/MgH2 hydrogen storage material

The coupled system LiBH4 + 1/2MgH2 ↔ LiH + 1/2MgB2 + 2H2 demonstrates improved hydrogen cycling thermodynamics compared to either LiBH4 or MgH2 alone; in effect, formation of MgB2 “destabilizes” the decomposition of LiBH4. Here we establish the thermodynamically and kinetically stable region of the H2 pressure−temperature phase diagram for reversible hydrogen storage in TiCl3-catalyzed LiBH4 + 1/2MgH2. Although MgB2 formation was thermodynamically favored at elevated temperature, it was kinetically more favorable for MgH2 and LiBH4 to decompose independently in a two-step dehydrogenation starting with MgH2 ↔ Mg + H2. At high temperature and low H2 pressure, direct LiBH4 decomposition is both thermodynamically allowed and kinetically favored; thus, the second dehydrogenation step from LiBH4 produced LiH and amorphous boron along with the Mg metal from the first step. From this state, recombination of LiH with amorphous boron had very poor kinetics and the system did not fully rehydrogenate. Applying an H2 ...
Thermodynamics, stability and non-linear oscillations of viscoelastic solids — I. Differential type solids of second grade

Abstract We study the thermodynamics and stability of a viscoelastic second grade solid whose action is characterized by two microstructural coefficients α 1 and α 2 in addition to the Newtonian viscosity μ. We show that it is both necessary and sufficient that μ ⩾ 0, α 1 ⩾ 0 and α 1 + α 2 = 0 if the material model is to be compatible with thermodynamics and its free energy is to be at a local minimum in equilibrium. Then, we construct a stability theorem for second grade solids which undergo mechanically isolated motions wherein it is shown that the motion of the body relative to its center of mass will dissipate away in time. The stability theorem is exemplified by investigating the free oscillation of cylindrical and spherical shells where the equilibrium state is globally stable. When μ = 0, but α 1 ≠ 0, the shells exhibit a larger period than if they were purely elastic in the classical sense.
Heightened infection-control practices are associated with significantly lower infection rates in office-based Mohs surgery.

BACKGROUNDReported infection rates for Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) range from less than 1% to 3.5%.OBJECTIVETo determine whether lower infection rates are possible for MMS with a consistently applied infection-control regimen.METHODSA series of 832 consecutive patients with 950 tumors undergoing
Abstract 2471: Immunosuppressive effect of elevated epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity

Tumor promoting agents, such as phorbol esters, promote tumorigenesis via induction of inflammation and hyperplasia. However, the immunosuppressive/immunomodulating properties of tumor promoting agents may play a relevant role in tumor promotion as well. Because elevated polyamine biosynthesis is sufficient to promote skin tumorigenesis, we hypothesized that increased activity of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key regulatory enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, may suppress the cutaneous immune response in addition to stimulating proliferation. To investigate the role of ODC in the control of cutaneous inflammation, a well-known model of T cell mediated inflammation was used. A contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response was elicited in the ears of both ODC transgenic mice, in which ODC is targeted to the epidermis, and their normal littermates by topical sensitization and challenge with oxazolone. Unlike in normal littermate mice, ear swelling was dramatically reduced in ODC transgenic mice after elicitation of CHS. Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analyses of the infiltrating immune cells revealed fewer infiltrating immune cells, especially neutrophils, in the elicited ears of ODC transgenic mice. The specific ODC inhibitor, α-difluoromethylornithine, abrogated the suppressive effects of ODC in CHS reactions. Adoptive transfer of sensitized lymphocytes from either ODC transgenic or normal littermate mice to naive ODC transgenic or wild-type mice indicated that elevated epidermal ODC activity suppress both the sensitization and elicitation phases of CHS. Cytokines are central mediators of immune functions associated with inflammatory reactions. The cytokine profile of ex vivo stimulated lymphocytes isolated from draining lymph nodes showed reduced levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in sensitized and challenged ODC transgenic mice. In vivo labeling of dendritic cells by topical application of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) showed fewer FITC-labeled dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes of ODC transgenic mice compared to normal littermates. Vascular permeability was assessed using Evans blue extravasation assays during the elicitation phase of CHS. At 24 hours after induction of CHS, there was 45% less plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye into the ear skin of ODC transgenic mice compared to normal littermates. Collectively these data indicate elevated epidermal ODC activity can suppress a number of functions associated with cutaneous inflammatory reactions. In addition to promoting cellular proliferation, the immune suppression mediated by increased epidermal ODC activity may provide an environment conducive to tumor growth. This work was supported by NIH grant CA070739. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2471.
Predicting consumer intentions to use on-line shopping: the case for an augmented technology acceptance model

Derived from the theory of reasoned action, the technology acceptance model (TAM) focuses on two specific salient beliefs-- ease of use and usefulness. It has been applied in the study of user adoption of different technologies, and has emerged as a reliable and robust model. However, this has not discouraged researchers from incorporating additional constructs to the original model in their quest for increased predictive power. Here, an attempt is made in the context of explaining consumer intention to use on-line shopping. Besides ease of use and usefulness, compatibility, privacy, security, normative beliefs, and self- efficacy are included in an augmented TAM. A test of this model, with data collected from 281 consumers, show support for seven of nine research hypotheses. Specifically, compatibility, usefulness, ease of use, and security were found to be significant predictors of attitude towards on-line shopping, but privacy was not. Further, intention to use on-line shopping was strongly influenced by attitude toward on-line shopping, normative beliefs, and self-efficacy.
Which are the competitors for a fusion power plant

Abstract The (future) competitive position of central-station fusion power will depend on the resolution of several broad public-policy issues, including the provision of adequate electrical energy to a growing world population and the interaction of economic and environmental considerations meeting evolving standards of public acceptance and regulatory compliance. Candidate baseload central-station power plants, fusion or other, will be expected to contend for preferential market penetration against an evolving set of performance indicators or metrics (e.g. cost of electricity) reflecting societal ‘customer preferences’ for abundant, affordable, safe, reliable, and environmentally benign sources. This competition is enhanced by transitions to price-deregulated regimes, overlaid by nuclear uncertainites and evolution beyond carbon-based fuels toward more renewables in the energy mix. From these top-level considerations, quantifiable attributes, including plant size (output), system power density, surface heat flux, recirculating power fraction, power-conversion efficiency, waste streams, and forced- and planned-outage rates emerge.
Characterization of Heterogeneous Response of Al Bicrystal Subject to Micro Scale Laser Shock Peening

This letter shows the ability to perform characterization of the strain field in an aluminium bicrystal subject to plane strain condition induced by micro scale laser shock peening. Intensity contrast method, previously used in topographic measurements of strain fields in thin films is employed here. Our results show that this method is applicable for measurements of the plastically deformed bulk materials. Moreover, heterogeneous response of the grain boundary is observed as periodic nature of deformation.
Some Algorithms for Nilpotent Permutation Groups

LetG,HandEbe subgroups of a finite nilpotent permutation group of degreen. We describe the theory and implementation of an algorithm to compute the normalizerNG(H) in time polynomial inn, and we give a modified algorithm to determine whetherHandEare conjugate underGand, if so, to find a conjugating element ofG. Other algorithms produce the intersectionG?Hand the centralizerCG(H). The underlying method uses the imprimitivity structure of ?G,H? and an associated canonical chief series to reduce computation to linear operations. Implementations in GAP and Magma are practical for degrees large enough to present difficulties for general-purpose methods.
Tumor necrosis factor activates CRE-binding protein through a p38 MAPK/MSK1 signaling pathway in endothelial cells

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promotes immunity and modulates cell viability, in part, by promoting alterations of cellular gene expression. The mechanisms through which TNF communicates with the nucleus and alters gene expression are incompletely understood. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with TNF induces phosphorylation of the CRE-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor on serine 133 and increases CREB DNA binding and transactivation. Dominant negative CREB, an antagonist antibody directed against the type 1 TNF receptor, or pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling blocked TNF-induced CREB activation as determined by phosphorylation and gene reporter assays. From among the kinases that can activate CREB, we found that downstream of p38 MAPK, MSK1 is activated by TNF to promote CREB activation. These observations show that CREB is activated by TNF/TNFR1 signaling through a p38MAPK/MSK1 signaling pathway.
Dynamic Models for Plasma‐Wall Interactions

In theory and modeling of plasma-wall interactions, very different spatial and temporal scales need to be resolved. Hierarchy of material models (e.g. macroscopic transport, Kinetic Monte Carlo, Molecular Dynamics, and quantum models) used in fusion applications is reviewed and a way of their integration is highlighted. Physics background, theory and applications of macroscopic transport models, which are the main focus of the paper, are thoroughly discussed. The results on self-consistent macroscopic modeling of major physics phenomena, e.g. hydrogen recycling, retention, chemistry, chemical sputtering, and radiation enhanced sublimation for fusion related materials are presented. An example of coupled plasma and material transport simulations is given. The results on Molecular Dynamics modeling of deuterium irradiation of carbon leading to formation of supersaturated surfaces and chemical sputtering are presented (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The dolphin's grammatical competency: Comments on Kako (1999)

Kako (1999) reviews the evidence for syntactic competencies in several animal species exposed to artificial language systems, emphasizing the importance of core syntactic properties such as argument structure and closed-class items. We present evidence from our dolphin studies for the acquisition of the closed-class functionality of demonstratives, prepositions, conjunctions, and locatives. Sensitivity to argument structure is also evidenced by wholly untrained and consistent interpretations of the dolphin to probes of anomalous syntactic structures. These results are generated within our comprehension-based paradigm, which enables us to provide convincing objective evidence for the development and generalization of concepts by the dolphin subject. Demonstrations of animal language competencies may illuminate certain aspects of human linguistic competence by suggesting that the particular modeled subsets can derive from general cognitive mechanisms, rather than language-specific ones.
Validation of High-Fidelity CFD Simulations for Rocket Injector Design

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has the potential to improve the historical rocket injector design process by evaluating the sensitivity of performance and injector-driven thermal environments to the details of the injector geometry and key operational parameters. Methodical verification and validation efforts on a range of coaxial injector elements have shown the current production CFD capability must be improved in order to quantitatively impact the injector design process. This paper documents the status of a focused effort to compare and understand the predictive capabilities and computational requirements of a range of CFD methodologies on a set of single element injector model problems. The steady Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes (RANS), unsteady Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes (URANS) and three different approaches using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique were used to simulate the initial model problem, a single element coaxial injector using gaseous oxygen and gaseous hydrogen propellants. While one high-fidelity LES result matches the experimental combustion chamber wall heat flux very well, there is no monotonic convergence to the data with increasing computational tool fidelity. Systematic evaluation of key flow field regions such as the flame zone, the head end recirculation zone and the downstream near wall zone has shed significant, though as of yet incomplete, light on the complex, underlying causes for the performance level of each technique. 1 Aerospace Engineer and Combustion CFD Team Leader, MS ER42, NASA MSFC, AL 35812, Senior Member, AIAA. 2 Professor and Director, Computational Combustion Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332, Associate Fellow, AIAA. 3 Reilly Professor of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Fellow, AIAA. 4 Principal Member of Technical Staff, Combustion Research Facility, 7011 East Avenue, MS9051, Livermore, CA 94550, Associate Fellow, AIAA. 5 J. L. and G. H. McCain Endowed Chair, Mechanical Engineering, 104 Research Building East, University Park, PA 16802, Fellow, AIAA. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1
NMR Investigation of the Interactions between 4‘-Fluoro-1‘-acetonaphthone and the Suwannee River Fulvic Acid

The association of 4‘-fluoro-1‘-acetonaphthone (F-acetonaphthone) with the International Humic Substances Society (I.H.S.S.) Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) standard in 55% CH3OD/45% D2O was investigated as a function of SRFA concentration (4.5−13.5 mg/mL) as well as solution pαH* (3.88−7.56). 19F NMR measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times were used in conjunction with chemical shift and diffusion coefficient measurements to study the interaction, and the results were interpreted using the current association models reported in the literature (1). Analysis of diffusion coefficients measured as a function of SRFA concentration suggests that a small amount of the F-acetonaphthone is associated with SRFA. Unusual behavior of the T1 and T2 relaxation time constants, correlation times calculated from these parameters, and diffusion coefficients were observed for F-acetonaphthone in solutions of SRFA in 55% CH3OD/45% D2O at pαH* 6.10. Analysis of the pαH* dependence of the diffusion coefficients suggests ...
Factors promoting academic success among African American and white male community college students

This chapter examines factors that predict and promote academic success, defined as grade point average and course completion, among African American and white male students in a large, urban community college district.
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF C-O REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION FROM PALLADIUM ARYL ALKOXIDE COMPLEXES TO FORM ARYL ETHERS

Reaction of KOCH2CMe3 with [(R)-Tol-BINAP]Pd(p-C6H4CN)Br formed [(R)-Tol-BINAP]Pd(p-C6H4CN)(OCH2CMe3) (5) in quantitative yield (1H NMR spectroscopy). Thermolysis of 5 in THF-d8 at 47 °C led to C−O...
Influence of lodoacetate on glycolytic intermediates and on respiration in ehrlich-lettre ascites carcinoma cells☆

Abstract Glycolytic intermediates have been determined in whole tumor and tumor cells, before and after washing, at intervals of time after glucose and glucose plus iodoacetate (IAA) addition to washed tumor cells. The influences of IAA on glycolysis and respiration have been determined on washed mitochondria plus cell sap. The effects of added α-glycerophosphate (α-GP), pyruvate, and both on glycolytic intermediates and respiration of washed whole cells and of mitochondria plus cell sap also have been determined, and the oxidation of α-GP and appearance of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) were measured in five-times washed mitochondria. The findings definitely show that the addition of an optimum amount of iodoacetate to either whole cells or mitochondria plus cell sap causes an increased accumulation of DHAP and α-GP, as well as pyruvate, which in turn is responsible for a stimulation of respiration.
Measuring retention in HIV care: the elusive gold standard.

BACKGROUND Measuring retention in HIV primary care is complex, as care includes multiple visits scheduled at varying intervals over time. We evaluated 6 commonly used retention measures in predicting viral load (VL) suppression and the correlation among measures. METHODS Clinic-wide patient-level data from 6 academic HIV clinics were used for 12 months preceding implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Health Resources and Services Administration (CDC/HRSA) retention in care intervention. Six retention measures were calculated for each patient based on scheduled primary HIV provider visits: count and dichotomous missed visits, visit adherence, 6-month gap, 4-month visit constancy, and the HRSA HIV/AIDS Bureau (HRSA HAB) retention measure. Spearman correlation coefficients and separate unadjusted logistic regression models compared retention measures with one another and with 12-month VL suppression, respectively. The discriminatory capacity of each measure was assessed with the c-statistic. RESULTS Among 10,053 patients, 8235 (82%) had 12-month VL measures, with 6304 (77%) achieving suppression (VL <400 copies/mL). All 6 retention measures were significantly associated (P < 0.0001) with VL suppression (odds ratio; 95% CI, c-statistic): missed visit count (0.73; 0.71 to 0.75, 0.67), missed visit dichotomous (3.2; 2.8 to 3.6, 0.62), visit adherence (3.9; 3.5 to 4.3,0.69), gap (3.0; 2.6 to 3.3, 0.61), visit constancy (2.8; 2.5 to 3.0, 0.63), and HRSA HAB (3.8; 3.3 to 4.4, 0.59). Measures incorporating "no-show" visits were highly correlated (Spearman coefficient = 0.83-0.85), as were measures based solely on kept visits (Spearman coefficient = 0.72-0.77). Correlation coefficients were lower across these 2 groups of measures (range = 0.16-0.57). CONCLUSIONS Six retention measures displayed a wide range of correlation with one another, yet each measure had significant association and modest discrimination for VL suppression. These data suggest there is no clear gold standard and that selection of a retention measure may be tailored to context.
A catecholamine-secreting skull base sinonasal paraganglioma presenting with labile hypertension in a patient with previously undiagnosed genetic mutation.

Sinonasal paragangliomas are very uncommon neuroendocrine tumors that can present as skull base lesions. Functional paragangliomas are exceedingly rare. They can be associated with genetic mutations that have been associated with increased risk of head and neck paragangliomas. We present a case of a rare functioning sinonasal paraganglioma of the skull base in a patient with distant history of prior abdominal paragangliomas. The patient underwent subtotal endoscopic resection of the skull base lesion limited by carotid encasement of the tumor. They were treated with postoperative adjuvant radiation and therapeutic metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy. Genetic testing revealed succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) mutation. Skull base paragangliomas are rare tumors that may preclude complete surgical resection. 131Iodine-MIBG can be used as adjuvant therapy in postoperative external beam radiation and in MIBG avid tumors. Long-term follow-up is needed given locally aggressive nature of these tumors, especially for patients with history of genetic mutations such as SDHB mutations as recurrent paragangliomas may develop.
Artificial neural networks for cancer research: Outcome prediction

The use of artificial neural networks in biological and medical research has increased tremendously in the last few years. Artificial neural networks are being used in cancer research for image processing, the analysis of laboratory data for breast cancer diagnosis, the discovery of chemotherapeutic agents, and for cancer outcome prediction. A neural network generalizes from the input data to patterns inherent in the data, and its uses these patterns to make predictions or to classify. This paper explains how neural networks work, and it shows that a neural network is more accurate at predicting breast cancer patient outcome than the current staging system.
Stability tests of the Westinghouse coil in the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility

The Westinghouse coil is one of three forced-flow coils in the six-coil toroidal array of the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility. A discussion is presented of results taken when the coil was tested both individually and in the six-coil array. The tests covered charging to full design current and field, when measuring the current-sharing threshold temperature using resistive heaters (installed to simulate nuclear heating), and when measuring the stability margin using pulsed inductive heaters (used to facilitate stability testing). It was found that at least one section of the conductor exhibits a very broad resistive transition (resistive transition index=4). The broad transition, though causing the appearance of voltage at relatively low temperatures, does not compromise the stability margin of the coil, which was greater than 1.1 J/cm/sup 3/ of strands. In another, nonresistive location, the stability margin was between 1.7 and 1.9 J/cm/sup 3/ of strands. This is from six to ten times larger than the value obtained by analyzing the current-sharing threshold. The cause of this discrepancy has been traced to failure of the conductor to obey the ideal critical-state theory. >
Calcium Stabilizes Fibrillin-1 against Proteolytic Degradation

The calcium-binding epidermal growth factor (cbEGF)-like domain is a structural motif that is present in many matrix proteins throughout the animal kingdom from invertebrates to mammals. This module has been demonstrated to bind calcium in the micromolar range. However, little is known about the functional consequences of calcium binding to proteins that contain this structural element. We used fibrillin-1, an extracellular matrix protein consisting of approximately 60% cbEGF-like motifs, as a model system to study stabilizing effects of calcium in protease degradation assays. Authentic human fibrillin-1 and recombinant human fibrillin-1 subdomains, spanning the whole molecule, showed significantly slower proteolytic degradation in the presence of CaCl2 than in the presence of EDTA, demonstrating that calcium stabilizes the structure of fibrillin-1 and protects the molecule against proteolytic degradation. Information about cleavage sites protected by calcium was obtained with a new recombinant subdomain, rF17 (Asp 952-Val 1527), comprising the longest stretch of cbEGF-like motifs in the center of the fibrillin-1 molecule. The most sensitive sites for trypsin and endoproteinase Glu-C were observed in cbEGF-like motifs 11 (Met 1034 and Asn 1046), 12 (Ser 1103), and 17 (Thr 1318). Since most of the currently known mutations in fibrillin-1 are found within cbEGF-like motifs and are predicted to disrupt calcium binding, we suggest that these mutations render fibrillin-1 more susceptible to proteolytic cleavage, and this might be one of the reasons why these mutations result in Marfan's syndrome.
Reduced insulin binding in a large kindred with severe diabetic retinopathy

Specific insulin binding to erythrocyte receptors (IRB) has previously been reported to be unaltered in children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Ped. 66:385, 1980). However, we report here that five insulin dependent, ketosis-resistant juvenile diabetics from the same kinship have a significant reduction in the percent IRB (normal 8.32±2.71 vs 4.72±0.84 for the diabetic children). Three non-diabetic juveniles in the family have an intermediate value of 5.77±1.08. The youngest child shows normal binding. Scatchard analysis of the high and low affinity insulin binding sites indicates that the reduced IRB is due to a decrease in the number of receptor sites per cell. There is no correlation with circulating plasma insulin values nor with the severity of diabetes. However, the insulin dependent diabetics have an inordinate degree of ocular and vascular complications for the severity of their diabetes. Human lymphocyte antigens A, B, C, and D as well as islet cell antibodies are being determined in all family members to correlate with IRB data. Since diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder, we postulate that abnormal IRB in these patients may be genetically determined and related etiologically to their severe microangiopathy (retinopathy).
Necrotic infected liver metastasis from colon cancer.

A 57-YEAR-OLD MAN was transferred with the diagnosis of a hepatic abscess secondary to a perforated colon cancer. He was febrile, looked acutely ill, and had left upper quadrant abdominal tenderness. A computed tomography scan (Fig 1) revealed a necrotic, air-filled, “abscess” in the right hepatic lobe and a left transverse colon mass with pericolic inflammation. At operation, a perforated left transverse colon Necrotic infected liver metastasis from colon cancer
Plasma perturbations created by transverse ion heating events in the magnetosphere

The nature of plasma perturbations created by transverse ion heating in the auroral and polar region of the magnetosphere is investigated. The creation of the perturbations by transverse ion heating and their evolution are studied by solving a set of plasma transport equations along open flux tubes for geocentric altitudes not less than 9371 km/s. Both localized and extended heating events in space are considered. Both short- and long-duration heating events are studied as well. For localized heating, the perturbation in the density consists of a density cavity topped by a density bump. During the early stage the plasma in the bump is that expelled from the cavity by the mirror force. The flow velocity is enhanced over the entire perturbation. The dominant feature of the density perturbation produced by extended ion heating is the formation of a cavity expanding ever upward as long as the heating lasts. Inside the cavity and above it the perpendicular temperature and flow velocity are enhanced.
Late Cretaceous Reversal Sequence

A sequence of 14 reversals (that is, seven periods of reversed polarity) is observed in Maestrichtian sedimentary rocks from the Mendez Shale of Mexico and in cores from Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 207A and 208, Lord Howe Rise. Data from a paleomagnetic investigation indicate that (1) a brief interval of frequent field reversals occurred at the close of Late Cretaceous time (Maestrichtian), (2) a short interval of reversed polarity occurred in latest Maestrichtian and earliest Danian time, and (3) the top of the so-called “Cretaceous quiet interval” occurs close to the Campanian-Maestrichtian boundary.