cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Therapist-Client Ethnic Match in the Assessment of Mental Health Functioning:

The present study empirically examined the relationship between therapist-client ethnic match and the therapists' evaluations of overall client functioning based on the Global Assessment Scale. The sample consisted of thousands of African American, Asian American, Mexican American, and White American outpatient clients in the Los Angeles County mental health system. Findings indicated that ethnically matched therapists judged clients to have higher mental health functioning than did mismatched therapists. After controlling for other variables (e.g., age, gender, marital status, and referral source), this effect persisted for African American and Asian American clients. For both groups, ethnic match significantly predicted ratings of higher client functioning when combining all diagnoses. Within diagnostic category, ethnic match significantly predicted ratings of higher client functioning for African American, Asian American, and Mexican American clients to varying degrees. Implications of these findings a...
THE EFFECT OF ROLL WAVES ON THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF FALLING FILMS OBSERVED IN VERTICAL COLUMN ABSORBERS

A thin falling film is well suited to simultaneous heat and mass transfer because of the small thermal resistance through the film and because of the large contact surface achievable at low flow rates. The film enters as a smooth laminar flow and quickly transitions into small-amplitude wavy flow. The waves grown in length and amplitude and are identified as roll waves. This flow regime is termed wavy-laminar flow, and modern heat and mass transfer equipment operate in this complicated transition regime. Research published in open literature has shown the mass flow rate in the rollwaves to be about 10 to 20 times greater than that in the laminar substrate. As the film fully develops, the waves grow in mass and the film substrate thins because fluid is swept from the substrate by the secondary flows of the roll wave. Many studies have been conducted to measure and correlate the film thickness of wavy-laminar flows. Literature data show that Nusselt's theory for smooth laminar flow can over predict the film thickness by as much as 20% for certain wavy-laminar flow conditions. The hydrodynamics of falling films were therefore studied to measure the film thickness of a free-surface falling film and to better understand the parameters that affect the variations of the film thickness. A flow loop was set up for measuring the thickness, wave amplitude,and frequency of a film during hydrodynamic flow. Decreasing the pipe diameter caused the amplitude of the wavy flow to diminish. Measurements monitored from stations along the falling film showed a thinning of film thickness. Fully developed flow required large starting lengths of about 0.5 m. The film thickness increases as the Reynolds number (Re) increases. Increasing the Kapitza number (Ka) causes a decrease in the film thickness. Regression analysis showed that the Re and Ka numbers described the data trends in wavy-laminar flow. Rather than correlating the Re number in discrete ranges of the Ka number as earlier researchers have done, this research made the Ka number an independent regression variable along with the Re number. The correlation explains 96% of the total variation in the data and predicts the experimental data within an absolute average deviation of {+-} 4.0%. The correlation supports the calculation of a fully developed film thickness for wavy-laminar falling films.
Environmental improvement with economic development through public information provision

This paper presents the public provision of information as a policy tool both for managing water use and for encouraging the development of the agricultural sector. It demonstrates that there is a theory-based justification for the use of public weather information systems as an environmental policy tool if the following two conditions hold: 1. Agricultural production systems are information intensive, and 2. information has public good components. It is found that public provision of weather information can reduce wasted water and increase agricultural output and economic viability, providing a tool that simultaneously addresses concerns about development and the environment. Lessons learned from the impact of a weather information system in California are reinterpreted for a similar system in the developing country context of Mexico.
DNA hybridization method for detecting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in human isolates and its possible application to food samples.

A DNA hybridization assay was used to detect isolates of Escherichia coli that have the genetic potential to produce toxin. This method was compared with the traditional Y-1 mouse adrenal cell method for detecting pathogenic E. coli isolated from humans. Results showed that the DNA hybridization method has the potential to detect foodborne bacterial pathogens. The advantages and disadvantages of this genetic method are compared with those of the traditional assays for pathogenicity.
Presentation of the 2006 Morris F. Collen Award to Edward H.(Ted) Shortliffe.

The American College of Medical Informatics is an honorary society established to recognize those who have made sustained contributions to the field. Its highest award, for lifetime achievement and contributions to the discipline now known more inclusively as biomedical informatics, is the Morris F. Collen Award. Dr. Collen's own efforts as a pioneer in the field stand as the embodiment of creativity, intellectual rigor, perseverance, and personal integrity. At most once a year, the College gives its highest recognition to an individual whose attainments have, throughout a career, substantially advanced the science and art of biomedical informatics. In 2006, the College was proud to present the Collen Award to Edward Hance Shortliffe, M.D., Ph.D. (Figure 1). As a physician, computer scientist, researcher, educator, and eloquent spokesperson for the field, Dr. Shortliffe's career contributions make him most deserving of the recognition embodied in the Collen Award. Figure 1 Edward H. Shortliffe, M.D., Ph.D. Edward “Ted” Shortliffe was born on August 28th, 1947, in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (see Figure 2). Ted's father was a physician and hospital administrator and his mother was a high school English teacher. The family moved to Connecticut while Ted was a youngster (1954), and in 1962 he became a U.S. citizen. Figure 2 Ted Shortliffe, circa 1948. After graduating from high school and spending a year as an exchange student in Great Britain, Ted entered Harvard in the fall of 1966. As an undergraduate, he sought a research project in applied mathematics, which was the concentration at Harvard at the time that included computer science. An advisor steered Ted to the Laboratory of Computer Science (LCS) at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). The LCS, directed by Octo Barnett, would become Ted's first contact with the burgeoning field that would later become biomedical informatics. On that first visit, Ted was introduced to Bob …
Self-efficacy in intercollegiate athletics

The purpose of this study is to understand Bandura‘s (1977) self-efficacy and Vealey‘s (1986) sport confidence implications on intercollegiate athletics and to explore gender and experience level differences related to self-efficacy in intercollegiate athletes. The study attempted to fill two major gaps in previous research, i.e., relationships of gender and playing experience on self-efficacy, specifically by analyzing a variety of sports, expanding upon previous research studies, as well as increasing the generalizability and external validity of the existing self-efficacy theories. The results of the study indicated that student-athletes have high levels of self-efficacy, which supported the first hypothesis; next, that males possessed higher levels than females, which supported the second hypothesis; and finally, that experience levels were not statistically significant in the resulting levels of self-efficacy, which did not support the final hypothesis.
Differential Electrophysiological Signatures of Semantic and Syntactic Scene Processing

In sentence processing, semantic and syntactic violations elicit differential brain responses observable in event-related potentials: An N400 signals semantic violations, whereas a P600 marks inconsistent syntactic structure. Does the brain register similar distinctions in scene perception? To address this question, we presented participants with semantic inconsistencies, in which an object was incongruent with a scene's meaning, and syntactic inconsistencies, in which an object violated structural rules. We found a clear dissociation between semantic and syntactic processing: Semantic inconsistencies produced negative deflections in the N300-N400 time window, whereas mild syntactic inconsistencies elicited a late positivity resembling the P600 found for syntactic inconsistencies in sentence processing. Extreme syntactic violations, such as a hovering beer bottle defying gravity, were associated with earlier perceptual processing difficulties reflected in the N300 response, but failed to produce a P600 effect. We therefore conclude that different neural populations are active during semantic and syntactic processing of scenes, and that syntactically impossible object placements are processed in a categorically different manner than are syntactically resolvable object misplacements.
Spring Migration of Northern Pintails from Texas and New Mexico, USA

Abstract We used satellite transmitters (platform transmitting terminals or PTTs) during 2002 and 2003 to document spring migration timing, routes, stopover sites, and nesting sites of adult female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) from major wintering areas of the Gulf Coast (N = 20) and Playa Lakes Regions (PLR, N = 20) in Texas, and the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico (MRGV, N = 15). Some Pintails tagged in the MRGV continued movements into Mexico. Poor winter survival or PTT failure reduced sample size to 15 for PLR Pintails, 5 for Gulf Coast Pintails, and 11 for MRGV Pintails. Apparent winter survival was 66% lower for Texas Gulf Coast PTT-tagged Pintails than for those from the PLR and MRGV. Pintails from each area used different routes to their respective breeding grounds. PTT-tagged Pintails from the MRGV followed the Rio Grande Valley north to southern Colorado, before traveling on to the Dakotas and Canada or traveled northeast and joined the migration of PLR Pintails in Texas or Kansas. The l...
Production rate of cosmogenic 21Ne in quartz estimated from 10Be, 26Al, and 21Ne concentrations in slowly eroding Antarctic bedrock surfaces

Abstract We estimated the production rate of 21Ne in quartz using a set of samples from slowly eroding sandstone surfaces in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. Geologic evidence as well as cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al concentrations indicate that i) these sites have experienced millions of years of surface exposure at low erosion rates, and ii) steady erosion has been sustained long enough that surface 10Be and 26Al concentrations have reached equilibrium with the erosion rate. Under these conditions, surface cosmogenic 21Ne concentrations should be a function only of the erosion rate and the 21Ne production rate. As the erosion rate can be determined from 10Be and 26Al concentrations, this allows an estimate of the 21Ne production rate. Estimating the reference 21Ne production rate on this basis, with the assumption that all 21Ne production is by neutron spallation, yields a poor fit to measured 21Ne concentrations and a systematic residual that is correlated with the erosion rate of the sample site. The same steady-erosion assumption with a production model that includes production by deeply penetrating muons yields a good fit both to our measurements and to similar, independent, measurements from an Antarctic bedrock core. Both data sets together yield a total reference 21Ne production rate of 18.3 ± 0.4 atoms g− 1 a− 1, of which 0.66 ± 0.10 atoms g− 1 a− 1 is due to muon interactions.
Facebook as a Library Tool: Perceived vs. Actual Use

As Facebook has come to dominate the social networking site arena, more libraries have created their own library pages on Facebook to create library awareness and to function as a marketing tool. This paper examines reported versus actual use of Facebook in libraries to identify discrepancies between intended goals and actual use. The results of a 2009 study about the use of Facebook in libraries are used as a guide to gauge the perceived and actual uses for Facebook in this study. Results of the test reveal that the two ranks are not statistically different, but that there is a noticeable difference when looking at the perceived and actual rankings qualitatively.
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies in Pinealocytes of the Cotton Rat, Sigmodon hispidus: An Electron Microscopic Study

Electron microscopic observations on pinealocytes of cotton rats (Sigmodon bispidus) killed in October revealed the presence of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (CIBs) and two kinds of nuclear inclusions--coiled bodies and granular inclusion bodies. These inclusions were usually not bounded by a membrane. CIBs showed round or irregular profiles and consisted of granular and filamentous materials of moderate electron opacity intermingled with electron-lucent areas. Nuclear granular inclusions appeared as homogeneous or heterogeneous granules of variable electron opacity, which usually exhibited round profiles of variable diameters and consisted of granular and filamentous elements. Electron-opaque granules were observed in perinuclear spaces, dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, as well as in the central portion of CIBs. In CIBs containing granules, the peripheral region was composed of the moderately electron-opaque substance seen in usual CIBs, while the central core was occupied by a granular and filamentous substance and an intervening electron-lucent matrix. Since an electron-opaque granular substance in nuclei, perinuclear spaces, cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the central portion of CIBs may occur concomitantly, the granules seen in these sites may be related. Coiled bodies were round in profile and were composed of electron-opaque strands consisting of granular and filamentous elements and intervening material of low electron opacity. This structure, frequently located in close proximity to the nuclear granular inclusions, may play a role in the formation of the intranuclear granules in cotton rat pinealocytes.
Hepatic hemorrhage caused by percutaneous tumor ablation: radiofrequency ablation versus cryoablation in a porcine model.

PURPOSE: To determine the extent of hepatic hemorrhage caused by percutaneous cryoablation performed with a small-diameter cryoablation probe compared with that caused by percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was preapproved by the institutional research animal care and use committee, and husbandry and experiments complied with National Institutes of Health standards for care and use of laboratory animals. Percutaneous hepatic ablation was performed in 18 domestic pigs (mean weight, 45 kg) by using a 17-gauge (1.5-mm-diameter) RF electrode (n = 6), a cluster of three RF electrodes (n = 6), or a 13-gauge (2.4 mm-diameter) cryoprobe (n = 6). Ablation was performed in four sites per liver. Total blood loss, minimum lesion diameter, maximum lesion diameter, and lesion volume were determined for each group and compared by using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Mean blood loss was 11.11 mL ± 11.47 (standard deviation), 105.29 mL ± 175.58, and 28.06 mL ± 30....
Implications and applications of Kolmogorov's superposition theorem

Applications of Kolmogorov's superposition theorem to non-linear circuit and system theory, statistical pattern recognition, and image and multidimensional signal processing are presented and discussed.
Integration strategies in Pegasus object oriented multidatabase system

The paper identifies various problems in integrating schema, data and methods in heterogeneous systems and describes the strategies used in Pegasus to deal with them. Pegasus is an object-oriented multidatabase system that is being developed at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. The goal of the first running prototype is to provide facilities for multidatabase applications to access and manipulate multiple autonomous heterogeneous object-oriented and relational databases. Pegasus provides both type and procedural abstractions to support integration. Type abstraction is used to organize objects from multiple databases in categories that are related by having some common properties. The common properties of objects in different databases may be in incompatible forms or in inconsistent states. The system provides procedural abstraction that enables the schema integrator to develop arbitrary mappings between data from different sources and to write necessary transformations to convert object properties to a common form. Because of the importance of existing relational databases, some important integration techniques are demonstrated through the object-oriented views over SQL databases. >
Strength in numbers: exploring redundancy in hierarchical relations across biomedical terminologies.

Objectives : To investigate three aspects of the redundancy of hierarchical relations across biomedical terminologies: 1) What proportion of the relations is redundant?, 2) Which terminologies tend to overlap with other terminologies?, and 3) Is there a link between redundancy and semantic consistency?. Methods : Hierarchical relations are counted in the various families of terminologies integrated into t UMLS and an index of redundancy is computed for each relation. Similarity among sources is computed using the classical cosine method. Semantic consistency is evaluated by reference to the UMLS Semantic Network. Results : Overall, 29% of the 1,128,261 relations examined exhibit redundancy. Most similar sources include consecutive versions of terminologies. The link between redundancy and semantic consistency is weak. Discussion : Applications of these findings are discussed, including selecting sources, selecting useful relations, and auditing t categorization of UMLS concepts.
PhoY2 but not PhoY1 is the PhoU homologue involved in persisters in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Results: We demonstrated that M. tuberculosis PhoY2 is the equivalent of E. coli PhoU in that inactivation of phoY2 but not phoY1 caused a defect in persistence phenotype as shown by increased susceptibility to rifampicin and pyrazinamide in both MIC testing and drug exposure assays and also reduced persistence in the mouse model. Conclusions: This study provides further validation that PhoU is involved in persistence not only in E. coli but also in M. tuberculosis and has implications for the development of new drugs targeting persisters for improved treatment.
Well-conditioned asymptotic waveform evaluation for finite elements

The frequency-domain finite-element method (FEM) results in matrix equations that have polynomial dependence on the frequency of excitation. For a wide-band fast frequency sweep technique based on a moment-matching model order reduction (MORe) process, researchers generally take one of two approaches. The first is to linearize the polynomial dependence (which will either limit the bandwidth of accuracy or require the introduction of extra degrees of freedom) and then use a well-conditioned Krylov subspace technique. The second approach is to work directly with the polynomial matrix equation and use one of the available, but ill-conditioned, asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) methods. For large-scale FEM simulations, introducing extra degrees of freedom, and therefore increasing the length of the MORe vectors and the amount of memory required, is not desirable; therefore, the first approach is not alluring. On the other hand, an ill-conditioned AWE process is unattractive. This paper presents a novel MORe technique for polynomial matrix equations that circumvents these problematic issues. First, this novel process does not require any additional unknowns. Second, this process is well-conditioned. Along with the presentation of the novel algorithm, which is called well-conditioned AWE (WCAWE), numerical examples modeled using the FEM are given to illustrate its accuracy.
Infections in Burned Patients

Prevention and treatment of burn wound infection requires knowledge of the epidemiology of such infections. Prevention of infection rests on removal of reservoirs or sources of microorganisms from the burn patient's environment and interruption of transfer of microorganisms to the surface of the wound. When prevention fails and burn wound infection develops, successful therapy may depend on an understanding of the epidemiology of the burn wound during therapy. Contrary to the oft stated concept that antibiotics penetrate the avascular burn wound poorly, our study demonstrated that gentamicin and tobramycin achieved therapeutic concentrations in burn wound tissue. As in other types of infections, susceptible microorganisms were eradicated and resistant microorganisms persisted. Of most importance was the observation that resistant microorganisms may repopulate the wound within four days of starting therapy. It would appear that failure of therapy is not due to failure of antibiotics to penetrate the burn wound but rather to rapid development of superinfection during therapy.
Synovectomy of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint of the Finger in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Follow-up of one year or more (an average of three years) on ninety-eight cases of synovectomy of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the finger in rheumatoid arthritis showed that relief of pain was complete in seventy-three and partial in fourteen. There was loss of only a few degrees of motion on the average, mostly in patients with contracture of the intrinsic muscles. In only one patient did a boutonniere deformity develop. Recurrence of the synovitis occurred in 30 per cent of the patients but was persistent in only five patients.
Bactericidal Properties of Royal Jelly of the Honeybee

The natural diet provided the queen caste of the honeybee has bactericidal properties. The food is commonly called royal jelly and is secreted by the pharyngeal glands located in the upper and anterior parts of the head cavity. The material is secreted by members of the worker caste and is placed in the cells containing the bee larvae.
Importance Sampling Uncertainty Quantification for DSMC Modeling of a Hypersonic Shock Interaction Flow

A set of numerical procedures are presented for simulation-based uncertainty quantification (UQ) involving mixed aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. These procedures require a far smaller sample size than traditional nested sampling techniques for UQ involving mixed uncertainty types, while avoiding the inherent approximations and lack of generality associated with surrogate modeling UQ approaches. In the proposed technique, optimized Latin hypercube sampling is combined with principles of importance sampling sensitivity analysis, and probability boxes are generated as a means to simultaneously assess aleatory and epistemic uncertainty in simulation output quantities. Proposed UQ procedures are applied to a complex hypersonic shock interaction flow which is simulated using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Both UQ and sensitivity analysis operations are performed, and capabilities which allow variation in input uncertainty assumptions for a pre-existing set of DSMC simulation results are demonstrated. UQ results are used to generate error bars for DSMC output quantities based on combined contributions of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. In related global sensitivity analysis calculations, freestream velocity is identified as a dominant contributor to uncertainty among flux-based simulation output quantities.
Intermediate and spin-liquid phase of the half-filled honeycomb Hubbard model

We obtain the phase diagram of the half-filled honeycomb Hubbard model with density matrix embedding theory, to address recent controversy at intermediate couplings. We use clusters from 2–12 sites and lattices at the thermodynamic limit. We identify a paramagnetic insulating state, with possible hexagonal cluster order, competitive with the antiferromagnetic phase at intermediate coupling. However, its stability is strongly cluster and lattice size dependent, explaining controversies in earlier work. Our results support the paramagnetic insulator as being a metastable, rather than a true, intermediate phase, in the thermodynamic limit.
A study on influencing factors of hospital delivery of rural pregnant women in Tibet

Objective To investigate current status of hospital delivery of rural pregnant women in Tibet and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods In population proportion sampling(PPS) method,1 513 mothers of children aged under 3 years old in 72 townships in 15 project counties in 6 areas of Tibet Autonomous Region were investigated face to face with a self-designed questionnaire.Results The hospital delivery rate in project areas in Tibet was 46.4%,while the remaining 53.6% of the pregnant women still delivered at their home.Among those home-delivered women,17.6% of them considered their reasons why they did not delivered in hospital was poverty,14.5% of them considered their reasons was traffic or distance factor.The coverage rate of the pregnant women who received at least one prenatal examination was 83.7% with an average of 3.55 times of prenatal examination,while the proportion of pregnant women who received over 5 times of prenatal examination accounted for only 23.5%.14.5% of the pregnant women received their prenatal examination at 12 weeks of gestation.Factorial analysis showed that education levels of the pregnant women and their husbands,areas,height above sea level,whether the pregnant women read propaganda pictures about hospital delivery,whether they received prenatal examination and whether the frequency of prenatal examination was over 5 times,whether they received mobilization about hospital delivery,all were associated with whether the pregnant women chose hospital delivery. The number of hospital-delivered women who had received prenatal examinations was 2.89 times of the number of those pregnant women who did not receive any prenatal examination.ConclusionThe hospital delivery rate in Tibet needs to be improved further.
The effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor and its agonist on cultured human granulosa cells.

The possible direct effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) and a potent LRF agonist, [d-Trp 6 ,Pro 9 NEt]-LRF (LRF-Ag), on basal and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated estrogen and progesterone production by cultured human granulosa cells was examined. Granulosa cells, collected from healthy follicles (4 to 12mm in diameter) in the early to midfollicular phase were grown for 2 days in serum-free medium with aromatase substrate (androstenedione; 10 −7 M) and human FSH (100 ng/ml), LRF (10 −10 to 10 −7 M) or in LRF-Ag (10 −7 M). Granulosa cells from each follicle responded to FSH stimulation by showing marked increases (2- to 20-fold) in estrogen and progesterone production. Concomitant treatment with high doses of LRF or LRF-Ag did not alter the steroidogenic effect of FSH. These results suggest that in contrast to the rat, LRF and its agonistic analog do not act directly on human granulosa cells to inhibit acute steroidogenic function.
Texture and Strain Measurements from Bending of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Wires

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a new generation of materials that exhibit unique nonlinear deformations due to a phase transformation which allows the material to return to its original shape after removal of stress or a change in temperature. These unique properties are the result of a martensitic/austenitic phase transformation through the application of temperature changes or applied stress. Many technological applications of austenitic SMAs involve cyclical mechanical loading and unloading in order to take advantage of pseudoelasticity, but are limited due to poor fatigue life. In this paper, commercial pseudoelastic NiTi SMA wires (50.7 at.% Ni) were placed under different bending strains and examined using scanning electron microscopy and high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). By observing the microstructure, phase transformation temperatures, surface texture and diffraction patterns along the wire, it is shown that the wire exhibits a strong anisotropic behavior whether on the tensile or compressive side of the bending axis and that the initiation of micro-cracks in the wires is localized on the compression side, but that crack propagation will still happen if the wire is reloaded in the opposite direction. In addition, lattice strains are examined for both the austenite and martensite phases.
Zinc isotope fractionation during adsorption to calcite at high and low ionic strength

Abstract The biogeochemical cycle of Zn in the oceans has been of interest for decades, and the newly discovered isotopic variations among major reservoirs of Zn in the marine system have raised new questions and provided some new insights regarding the processes that control the concentration and isotopic distribution of this bioessential element. Fundamental understanding of Zn isotope fractionation mechanisms will be required to optimize the value of data now being generated by efforts such as GEOTRACES. In particular, fractionation driven by reactions taking place at fluid-solid interfaces will be crucial to quantify, since these reactions exert significant control on fluid concentrations and bioavailability of Zn and other trace metals. In this study, we aimed to determine whether interaction between dissolved Zn and Zn bound to calcite surfaces drives significant isotope fractionation. Zinc adsorption experiments were conducted in simple, abiotic systems at low ionic strength (deionized water) and high ionic strength (synthetic seawater) as several series of small batch reactions, at pH 8.3, with experimental duration from 0.5 to 120 h. We observed that the Zn adsorbed on calcite was isotopically heavier than in the co-existing solutions, with Δ66/64Znadsorbed-solution averaging 0.41 ± 0.18‰ (2SD) and 0.73 ± 0.08‰ (2SD) in low and high ionic strength systems, respectively. One possible mechanistic interpretation of this result is that isotope fractionation between dissolved and adsorbed Zn is an equilibrium effect driven by the coordination number difference between aqueous Zn(H2O)62 + (six-fold) and adsorbed (four-fold) complexes. Alternatively, direct adsorption of isotopically heavy ZnCO30(aq) without further fractionation is possible, since this species has been shown previously with theoretical calculations to be enriched in heavy isotopes relative to other Zn species expected in solution. Our results show that the magnitude of equilibrium fractionation between dissolved and calcite-sorbed Zn is clearly sensitive to aqueous Zn speciation, and a simple mass balance exercise using theoretical predictions in the literature for isotopic fractionation among aqueous species demonstrates that a pool of isotopically light Zn is complexed with chloride ions in high ionic strength solutions, leading to a heavier pool of Zn adsorbed to the calcite surface. Further work will be needed to determine whether the pool of isotopically heavy Zn adsorbing to calcite surfaces can be incorporated during calcite crystal growth to impart an isotopically heavy signature to the resulting calcite.
Pre-pharyngeal Swallow Effects of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Lesion on Bolus Shape and Airway Protection in an Infant Pig Model.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage in infants leads to increased dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. Recent work has shown that intraoral transport and swallow kinematics change following RLN lesion, suggesting potential changes in bolus formation prior to the swallow. In this study, we used geometric morphometrics to understand the effect of bolus shape on penetration and aspiration in infants with and without RLN lesion. We hypothesized (1) that geometric bolus properties are related to airway protection outcomes and (2) that in infants with RLN lesion, the relationship between geometric bolus properties and dysphagia is changed. In five infant pigs, dysphagia in 188 swallows was assessed using the Infant Mammalian Penetration–Aspiration Scale (IMPAS). Using images from high-speed VFSS, bolus shape, bolus area, and tongue outline were quantified digitally. Bolus shape was analyzed using elliptical Fourier analysis, and tongue outline using polynomial curve fitting. Despite large inter-individual differences, significant within individual effects of bolus shape and bolus area on airway protection exist. The relationship between penetration–aspiration score and both bolus area and shape changed post lesion. Tongue shape differed between pre- and post-lesion swallows, and between swallows with different IMPAS scores. Bolus shape and area affect airway protection outcomes. RLN lesion changes that relationship, indicating that proper bolus formation and control by the tongue require intact laryngeal sensation. The impact of RLN lesion on dysphagia is pervasive.
Broadcasting, Data Aggregation, and Opportunistic Forwarding

A large number of SNs are randomly deployed in a WSN, and the question that comes is how each SN route data to BS? In order to conserve energy, usually multi-hop solution is adopted.
Financial Liberalization: Stable Autocracies and Constrained Democracies

Why do autocratic rulers liberalize financial markets? This article shows how autocrats use financial liberalization for two distinct purposes. First, autocrats may use liberalization to bolster th...
Association between intensity modulated radiotherapy and survival in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Abstract Purpose To determine the effect of radiotherapy (RT) technique on treatment compliance and overall survival (OS) in patients with stage III non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods and Materials This study included patients with stage III NSCLC in the National Cancer Database treated between 2003 and 2011 with definitive CRT to 60–63 Gray (Gy). Radiation treatment interruption (RTI) was defined as a break of ≥4 days. Treatment technique was dichotomized as intensity modulated (IMRT) or non-IMRT techniques. Results Out of the cohort of 7492, 35% had a RTI and 10% received IMRT. With a median follow-up of surviving patients of 32 months, the median survival for those with non-IMRT vs. IMRT was 18.2 months vs. 20 months (p Conclusions IMRT was associated with small but significant survival advantage for patients with stage III NSCLC treated with CRT. A RTI led to inferior survival, and both IMRT and RTI were independently associated with OS. Additional research should investigate whether improved tolerability, reduced normal tissue exposure, or superior coverage drives the association between IMRT and improved survival.
Quantitative Association Between Peripapillary Bruch's Membrane Shape and Intracranial Pressure

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a quantitative relationship between chronic intracranial pressure (ICP) and peripapillary Bruch's membrane (pp-BM) shape and to determine whether change in pp-BM shape can be detected within 1 hour after ICP lowering by lumbar puncture (LP). Methods In this study, 30° nasal-temporal optical coherence tomography B-scans were obtained within 1 hour before and after LP in 39 eyes from 20 patients (age = 23-86 years, 75% female, ICP [opening pressure] = 10-55 cm H2O). A total of 16 semi-landmarks defined pp-BM on each image. Geometric morphometric analysis identified principal components of shape in the image set. Generalized estimating equation models, accounting for within-subject correlation, were used to identify principal components that were associated with chronic ICP (comparing pre-LP images between eyes) and/or acute ICP changes (comparing pre- and post-LP images within eyes). The pp-BM width and anterior pp-BM location were calculated directly from each image and were studied in the same manner. Results Principal component 1 scalar variable on pre-LP images was associated with ICP (P < 0.0005). Principal component 4 magnitude changed within eyes after LP (P = 0.003). For both principal components 1 and 4, lower ICP corresponded with a more posterior position of pp-BM. Chronic ICP was associated with both pp-BM width (6.81 μm/cm H2O; P = 0.002) and more anterior location of temporal and nasal pp-BM margins (3.41, 3.49 μm/cm H2O; P < 0.0005, 0.002). Conclusions This study demonstrates a quantitative association between pp-BM shape and chronic ICP level. Changes in pp-BM shape are detectable within 1 hour of lowering ICP. pp-BM shape may be a useful marker for chronic ICP level and acute ICP changes. Further study is needed to determine how pp-BM shape changes relate to clinical markers of papilledema.
Alpha- and Gamma-Tocopherol and Telomere Length in 5768 US Men and Women: A NHANES Study.

Antioxidants have a number of potential health benefits. The present investigation was designed to determine the relationship between serum alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels (powerful antioxidants), and leukocyte telomere length (a biomarker of biological aging). A cross-sectional design was employed to study 5768 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). DNA was obtained via blood samples. Telomere length was assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Serum concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that for each one-year increase in age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter (F = 410.4, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for differences in the demographic covariates, for each µg/dL higher level of gamma-tocopherol, telomeres were 0.33 base pairs shorter (F = 7.1, p = 0.0126). Telomeres were approximately 1 year shorter (15.6 base pairs) for each increment of 47.3 to 55.7 µg/dL of gamma-tocopherol in the blood, depending on the variables controlled. Adults at the 75th percentile of gamma-tocopherol had 2.8–3.4 years greater cellular aging than those at the 25th percentile, depending on the covariates in the model. However, alpha-tocopherol was not related to telomere length. Evidently, gamma-tocopherol levels, but not alpha-tocopherol, account for meaningful increases in biological aging.
Representations of Lie Superalgebras

Abstract In these notes we give an introduction to representation theory of simple finite-dimensional Lie superalgebras. We concentrate on so called basic superalgebras. Those are superalgebras which have even reductive part and admit an invariant form. We start with structure theory of basic superalgebras emphasizing abstract properties of roots and then proceed to representations, trying to demonstrate the variety of methods: Harish-Chandra homomorphism, support variety, translation functors, Borel-Weil-Bott theory and localization.
Tanning Addiction in Adolescents: Directions for Measurement and Intervention Development.

Little is known about tanning addiction in adolescents. Miller et al. found that 7.0% of 11th grade students met addiction criteria. After adjusting for all other comorbidities, the odds of addiction were two times greater for students who reported problem use of marijuana or obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. The likelihood of addiction increased with problem substance use and psychological symptoms.
Can Frequentist Inferences Be Very Wrong? A Conditional “Yes”

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses frequentist inferences. The major operational difference between Bayesian and frequentist inferences is that in the latter, one must choose a reference set for the sample to obtain inferential probabilities. In the matter of choosing a reference set, Sherlock Holmes was right, and that many frequentist inferences are inadequate because of erroneous choices made prior to the experiment. Most of the mathematical development has to do with predata analysis. However, the question remain was that, “Is such-and-such likely to be a good procedure?” It is evident that relative frequency in a real sequence of repeated experiments is simply not a rich enough interpretation of probability. The brief general discussion has raised questions about the difference between pre- and postdata probability calculations, the legitimacy of exact theory when integrated with practical application, and careful specification and understanding of what a statistical model means in practical terms. The purpose of the more detailed discussion which follows is to consider four topics where naive application of frequentist statistical theory can lead to incorrect or unhelpful inferences, whereas careful attention to the above questions can lead to sensible frequentist inferences. The four topics to be discussed are likelihood inference, inference from transformed data, randomization in design of experiments and surveys, and robust estimation. The Bayesian analysis has the general advantage of responding to specific features of the data. The unconditional distribution theory prevalent in robustness literature is fine for choosing estimates which are generally good but not for analysis of a particular data set.
Fast track article: Market mechanisms for resource allocation in pervasive sensor applications

This paper describes the use of market mechanisms for resource allocation in pervasive sensor applications to maximize their Value of Information (VoI), which combines the objectively measured Quality of Information (QoI) with the subjective value assigned to it by the users. The unique challenge of pervasive sensor applications that we address is the need for adjusting resource allocation in response to the changing application requirements and evolving sensor network conditions. We use two market mechanisms: auctions at individual sensor nodes to optimize routing, and switch options to optimize dynamic selection of sensor network services as well as switching between modes of operation in pervasive security applications. We also present scenarios of transient congestion management and home security system to motivate the proposed techniques.
SUBUNIT INTERACTION IN LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE

ABSTRACT. Ainslie and Cleland (1969) and Ainslie (1970) using pig and beef LDH have confirmed our earlier assertion made for chicken LDH (Rouslin and Braswell, 1968) that subunit interaction occurs for the substrate inhibition step of the reaction. That is, hybrids containing A subunits tend to display more substrate inhibition (more “B”-like nature) than would be expected for a tetramer of that subunit composition. Further, as the number of B subunits increases so does the effect, such that the A 1 B 3 isozyme possesses substrate inhibition properties very similar to that of the B 4 isozyme. Their data also indicated that a number of the reaction steps other than substrate inhibition are also affected by this phenomenon, which they called the “oligomeric environment” effect. More general kinetic studies by Ainslie (1970) showed that some kinetic parameters of the hybrids possess an apparently higher “B”-like nature whereas other kinetic parameters evinced an apparently higher “A”-like nature, indicating the complex nature of the phenomenon. Ainslie (1970) also showed that the subunits of the tetramer hybrid possess closely similar values for their second substrate Michaelis constants. This implies that both B and A subunits mutually modify each other so that they now possess similar Michaelis constants for the second substrate which are closer to that typical of the B type than to that of the A type subunit.
Effect of heat-stress on bovine embryo development in vitro.

Chronic elevation of uterine temperature has long been known to increase embryo mortality in dairy cattle. Short-term elevation in temperature of mouse embryos to 43 degrees C (acute) has been shown to induce intracellular production of heat-shock proteins. In this study, in vitro development of bovine embryos was assessed during short-term (60 h) coculture with oviduct epithelial cells at 38.6 degrees C (T1), 40 degrees C (T2), 38.6 degrees C after a prior pulse treatment (20 min) at 43 degrees C with 5% CO2 (T3), or 38.6 degrees C after a prior pulse treatment (20 min) at 43 degrees C with 100% CO2 (T4). During incubation, embryos cocultured at 40 degrees C had a greater (P < .05) mean embryo development score at 36 h than embryos cocultured at 38.6 degrees C. At 60 h of incubation, embryo development scores were greater (P < .05) for embryos cultured at 38.6 degrees C than for those cocultured at 40 degrees C. The number of embryos hatched at 60 h was similar after coculture at 38.6 degrees C (T1) or a prior pulse treatment with 5% CO2 and 43 degrees C (T3), but the embryo development score at 60 h was greater (P < .05) for the pulse-treated embryos. Embryos in T4 had greater (P < .05) embryo development scores than did T1 embryos from 36 through 60 h. Pulse treatment (T4) resulted in a greater (P < .05) number of hatched embryos at 60 h than T1, T2, and T3. These results indicate a detrimental effect of a chronic elevation in temperature that was evident shortly after embryo hatching.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Marketing via smart speakers: what should Alexa say?

A smart speaker is a wireless device with artificial intelligence that can be activated through voice command. The artificial intelligence interacts in the form of a virtual personal assistant, suc...
Applications to Production and Inventory

Applications of optimization methods to production and inventory problems date back at least to the classical EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) model or the lot size formula of Harris (1913) . The EOQ is essentially a static model in the sense that the demand is constant and only a stationary solution is sought. A dynamic version of the lot size model was analyzed by Wagner and Whitin (1958) . The solution methodology used there was dynamic programming.
A Summary of the US Space Program and Its Relationship to the Military

In order to appreciate the full story of the current and future uses of outer space, it is necessary to reflect on the history of space exploration and the relationship of NASA and the US military.
Parallel Implementation of AC Optimal Power Flow and Time Constrained Optimal Power Flow using High Performance Computing

One of the major challenge to maintain an economically efficient, secure, and reliable power system operation is to find the solution to the non-linear AC optimal power flow (ACOPF) and time-constrained optimal power flow problems (TCOPF) as fast and accurately as possible. This paper exploits a scalable parallel implementation of ACOPF and TCOPF that can be solved independently by multiple CPU cores with the aim of reducing computation time. Parallel performance of the ACOPF implementation is evaluated with strong scaling tests on the standard IEEE 118 bus, 300 bus and 1354 bus test cases. An initial parallel implementation of TCOPF is also presented, along with numerical results for the standard IEEE 5 bus test case. Initial results indicate that the parallel ACOPF implementation is scalable, with additional performance possible by optimizing the parallel preconditioner. The parallel TCOPF implementation provides realistic results, along with promising parallel performance which will be explored further for larger test cases in the future.
I Just Couldn’t Get into It: Promoting Reflexive Reading Practices in the Writing Classroom Using Intertextuality

This study explores the pedagogical effectiveness of assignments developed for a first-year composition course to encourage reflexive reading habits that can aid students in the writing process. St...
The hunchback carpal bone.

Recognition of an os styloideum may prevent the embarrassment of its being mistaken for a more serious entity, such as fracture or tumor. In symptomatic cases, surgical removal of the prominence may be done, although the reports as to the lasting value of this are conflicting.