cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Noise Trader Approach to Finance

This paper reviews an alternative to the efficient markets approach that we and others have recently pursued. Our approach rests on two assumptions. First, some investors are not fully rational and their demand for risky assets is affected by their beliefs or sentiments that are not fully justified by fundamental news. Second, arbitrage - defined as trading by fully rational investors not subject to such sentiment - is risky and therefore limited. The two assumption together imply that changes in investors sentiment are not fully countered by arbitrageurs and so affect security returns. We argue that this approach to financial markets is in many ways superior to the efficient markets paradigm. Our case for the noise trader approach is threefold. First, theoretical models with limited arbitrage are both tractable and more plausible than models with perfect arbitrage. The efficient markets hypithesis obtains only as an extreme case of perfect riskless arbitrage that unlikely to apply in practice. Second, the investors sentiment/ limited arbitrage approach yields a more accurate description of financial markets than the efficient markets paradigm. The approach not only explains the available anomalies, but also readly explains board features of financial markets such as trading volume and actual investment strategies. Third, and most importantly, this approach yields new and testable implications about asset prices, some of which have been proved to be consistent with the data. It is absolutely not true that introducing a degree of irrationality of some investors into models of financial markets "eliminates all discipline and can explain anything".
A Dosage-Dependent Requirement for Sox9 in Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Formation

We have previously shown the transcription factor SOX9 to be required for the maintenance of multipotential pancreatic progenitor cells in the early embryonic pancreas. However, the association of pancreatic endocrine defects with the Sox9-haploinsufficiency syndrome campomelic dysplasia (CD) implies additional later roles for Sox9 in endocrine development. Using short-term lineage tracing in mice, we demonstrate here that SOX9 marks a pool of multipotential pancreatic progenitors throughout the window of major cell differentiation. During mid-pancreogenesis, both endocrine and exocrine cells simultaneously arise from the SOX9+ epithelial cords. Our analysis of mice with 50%-reduced Sox9 gene dosage in pancreatic progenitors reveals endocrine-specific defects phenocopying CD. By birth, these mice display a specific reduction in endocrine cell mass, while their exocrine compartment and total organ size is normal. The decrease in endocrine cells is caused by reduced generation of endocrine progenitors from the SOX9+ epithelium. Conversely, formation of exocrine progenitors is insensitive to reduced Sox9 gene dosage, thus explaining the normal organ size at birth. Our results show that not only is SOX9 required for the maintenance of early pancreatic progenitors, but also governs their adoption of an endocrine fate. Our findings therefore suggest that defective endocrine specification might underlie the pancreatic phenotype of individuals with CD.
Significance of After-School Programming for Immigrant Children during Middle Childhood: Opportunities for School Social Work

School social workers and other school personnel can find meeting the educational and social needs of immigrant children a challenge, particularly if these children are also experiencing poverty and other educational barriers, including limited English language proficiency. Quality after-school programming has been associated with a variety of positive effects such as increased educational attainment and positive social and emotional development and could, therefore, prove significant in the lives of immigrant children. Yet, immigrant children participate less. The purpose of this article is to discuss ways in which school social workers can increase enrollment in after-school programming among immigrant children, six to 12 years of age, by becoming both advocates for children and families and leaders in developing and maintaining these services. School social workers are poised to play a number of roles related to practice, administration, research, and policy. Because this particular age group of children begins to look beyond the family for guidance and support, middle childhood is an opportune time for school social workers to work toward involving children in positive after-school experiences.
The effect of decreasing seasonal sea-ice cover on the winter Bering Sea pollock fishery

The winter fishing season for eastern Bering Sea pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is during the period of maximum seasonal sea-ice extent, but harvesters avoid fishing in ice-covered waters. Global climate models predict a 40% reduction in winter ice cover by 2050, with potential implications for the costs incurred by vessels travelling to and around their fishing grounds and the value of their catch. Additionally, it may open entirely new areas to fishing. Using retrospective data from 1999 to 2009, a period of extensive annual climate variation, the variation in important characteristics of the fishery is analysed. When ice is present, it restricts a portion of the fishing grounds, but in general, ice-restricted areas have lower expected profits at the time of restriction than the areas left open. Some areas show a change in effort in warm years relative to cold, but the global redistribution of effort attributable to ice cover is small. This is largely because the winter fishery is driven by the pursuit of roe-bearing fish whose spawning location is stable in the southern part of the fishing grounds.
Dimension Reduction: A Guided Tour

We give a tutorial overview of several geometric methods for dimension reduction. We divide the methods into projective methods and methods that model the manifold on which the data lies. For projective methods, we review projection pursuit, principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA, probabilistic PCA, canonical correlation analysis, oriented PCA, and several techniques for sufficient dimension reduction. For the manifold methods, we review multidimensional scaling (MDS), landmark MDS, Isomap, locally linear embedding, Laplacian
Protecting newborns from pertussis – the challenge of complete cocooning

An increase of pertussis cases, especially in young infants and adolescents, has been noted in various countries. Whooping cough is most serious in neonates and young infants in whom it may cause serious complications such as cyanosis, apnoea, pneumonia, encephalopathy and death. To protect newborns and infants too young to be fully immunized, immunization of close contact persons has been proposed (“cocoon strategy”) and implemented in several countries, including Switzerland in 2011. The goal of this study was to assess knowledge about pertussis among parents of newborns and acceptance, practicability and implementation of the recently recommended pertussis cocoon strategy in Switzerland. We performed a cross sectional survey among all parents of newborns born between May and September 2012 and 2013 in Basel city and country. Regional statistical offices provided family addresses after approval by the ethical and data protection committees. A standardized questionnaire with detailed instructions was sent to all eligible families. For statistical analyses, independent proportions were compared by Pearson’s chi-squared test. Of 3546 eligible parents, 884 (25%) participated. All three questions exploring pertussis knowledge were answered correctly by 37% of parents; 25% gave two correct answers, 22% gave one correct answer and in the remaining 16% no answer was correct. Pertussis immunization as part of cocooning was recommended to 20% and 37% of mothers and 14% and 32% of fathers in the 2012 and 2013 study cohorts, respectively. Principal advisors for cocooning were pediatricians (66%) followed by gynecologists/obstetricians (12%) and general practitioners (5%). When recommended, 64% of mothers and 59% of fathers accepted pertussis immunization. The majority of vaccinations were administered in the perinatal period and within 2 months of the child’s birth. However, cocooning remained incomplete in 93% of families and in most families <50% of close contacts received pertussis vaccination. Implementation of cocooning for protecting newborns from pertussis is challenging and usually remains incomplete. Pertussis immunization rates among close contacts of newborns need to be improved. Ideally, all healthcare providers involved in family planning, pregnancy and child birth should recommend cocooning. Pertussis immunization of pregnant women is an additional measure for optimal protection of newborns and should be promoted.
Charge density near a vortex line in type II superconductors

Abstract A microscopic derivation is given for the charge density and electrostatic potential near a vortex line in Type II superconductors for which ¢K ⪢ 1. Numerical estimates of the distribution of density, potential, and electric field are calculated for a typical situation.
Modulation of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene product, neurofibromin, during Schwann cell differentiation

Neurofibromin, the product of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene, is a ∼250 kDa protein expressed predominantly in cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and sensory neurons and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). To gain insight into the biological role of neurofibromin in Schwann cells, the modulation of NF1 gene expression in a Schwann cell line (MT4H1) stimulated to either proliferate or differentiate in response to agents that elevate intracellular cAMP was examined. Untreated cells and cells exposed to mitogenic doses of forskolin (1–10 μM) or 8-bromo-cAMP (0.1 mM) expressed low levels of NF1 MRNA and the protein was barely detectable. High doses of forskolin (100 μM) or 8-bromo-cAMP (1 mM) induced the expression of both myelin P0 protein and neurofibromin with an identical time course. Although NF1 mRNA levels peaked within 1–6 hr, the rise in neurofibromin was not apparent until 24–48 hr and peaked 72 hr after treatment. P0 and neurofibromin were also coinduced by cell-cell contact in high density, untreated cultures. Moreover, differentiation initiated by either cAMP stimulation or high density culture conditions was associated with predominant expression of the type 2 NF1 mRNA isoform. In contrast, type 1 NF1 mRNA isoform expression was observed in untreated Schwann cells or those stimulated with mitogenic doses of forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP. A switch from the type 1 neurofibromin that can efficiently down-regulate p21-ras to the type 2 isoform with reduced activity may facilitate a p21-ras signaling pathway associated with Schwann cell difrerentiation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Is Empathy Important in Counseling

Empirical evidence supports the commonly held belief that empathy facilitates psychotherapy outcomes. Complete analysis of the literature identified only six studies of empathy and counseling outcomes. Contrary to expectations, empathy does not appear important in counseling. This article discusses reasons for this finding as well as implications for counseling practice, theory, and research.
Decisions Under Distress Stress Profiles Influence Anchoring and Adjustment

People frequently make decisions under stress. Understanding how stress affects decision making is complicated by the fact that not all stress responses are created equal. Challenge states, for example, occur when individuals appraise a stressful situation as demanding, but believe they have the personal resources to cope, and are characterized by efficient cardiovascular reactivity and approach motivation. Threat states, in contrast, occur when situational demands are perceived to outweigh resources and are characterized by less efficient cardiovascular reactivity and withdrawal motivation. We randomly assigned participants to social-feedback conditions (i.e., positive or negative feedback) designed to engender challenge or threat, or a no-stress condition. Participants then completed an anchoring-and-adjustment questionnaire. Those assigned to the challenge condition adjusted more from self-generated anchors than those assigned to the threat condition. Cardiovascular responses mediated the relationship between condition and adjustment. This study demonstrates the importance of considering profiles of cardiovascular reactivity when examining the influence of stress on decision making.
Application of chaos theory to the modeling of compressed video

We apply nonlinear chaos theory in modeling and forecasting variable-bit-rate (VBR) video sequences. Nonlinear chaos modeling offers an alternative approach to stochastic (typically, linear) approaches, with the advantages of lower dimensionality and more determinism. However, the goodness of its predictions strongly depends on the accuracy with which the dimensionality of a chaotic model is estimated from empirical data. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we present a novel approach for estimating the embedding dimension of any chaotic time series that satisfies the functional relationship of Farmer and Sidorowich (1987). The proposed approach is applied to VBR video data and is used to show the existence of chaos in packetized video traffic. Second, we develop a chaos-theory-based model for VBR intracoded video, which can be used to generate a rich set of synthetic traces that exhibit similar statistical structure to the original data. These traces are useful in performance evaluation and resource allocation in integrated computer networks.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Links a Variant in DHDDS to Retinitis Pigmentosa

Increasingly, mutations in genes causing Mendelian disease will be supported by individual and small families only; however, exome sequencing studies have thus far focused on syndromic phenotypes characterized by low locus heterogeneity. In contrast, retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is caused by >50 known genes, which still explain only half of the clinical cases. In a single, one-generation, nonsyndromic RP family, we have identified a gene, dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (DHDDS), demonstrating the power of combining whole-exome sequencing with rapid in vivo studies. DHDDS is a highly conserved essential enzyme for dolichol synthesis, permitting global N-linked glycosylation. Zebrafish studies showed virtually identical photoreceptor defects as observed with N-linked glycosylation-interfering mutations in the light-sensing protein rhodopsin. The identified Lys42Glu variant likely arose from an ancestral founder, because eight of the nine identified alleles in 27,174 control chromosomes were of confirmed Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity. These findings demonstrate the power of exome sequencing linked to functional studies when faced with challenging study designs and, importantly, link RP to the pathways of N-linked glycosylation, which promise new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
The dynamics of biogeographic ranges in the deep sea

Anthropogenic disturbances such as fishing, mining, oil drilling, bioprospecting, warming, and acidification in the deep sea are increasing, yet generalities about deep-sea biogeography remain elusive. Owing to the lack of perceived environmental variability and geographical barriers, ranges of deep-sea species were traditionally assumed to be exceedingly large. In contrast, seamount and chemosynthetic habitats with reported high endemicity challenge the broad applicability of a single biogeographic paradigm for the deep sea. New research benefiting from higher resolution sampling, molecular methods and public databases can now more rigorously examine dispersal distances and species ranges on the vast ocean floor. Here, we explore the major outstanding questions in deep-sea biogeography. Based on current evidence, many taxa appear broadly distributed across the deep sea, a pattern replicated in both the abyssal plains and specialized environments such as hydrothermal vents. Cold waters may slow larval metabolism and development augmenting the great intrinsic ability for dispersal among many deep-sea species. Currents, environmental shifts, and topography can prove to be dispersal barriers but are often semipermeable. Evidence of historical events such as points of faunal origin and climatic fluctuations are also evident in contemporary biogeographic ranges. Continued synthetic analysis, database construction, theoretical advancement and field sampling will be required to further refine hypotheses regarding deep-sea biogeography.
Is iterative reconstruction ready for MDCT

Although the very first computed tomographic scanners used the iterative algebraic reconstruction technique, the filtered back-projection (FBP) method soon became the gold standard for computed tomographic reconstruction. Image quality has dramatically improved over the past 30 years thanks to advances in x-ray tubes, detector technologies, and overall system design and integration, as well as refinements to image reconstruction algorithms. Typical effective dose values range from 5 to 7 mSv for chest computed tomography (CT) and from 8 to 12 mSv for abdominal and pelvic CT, compared with 0.02 to 0.2 mSv for chest x-ray, making CT a comparatively high-dose modality. Nearly 68.7 million CT procedures were performed in the United States in 2007 [1]. The number of CT procedures has been increasing dramatically in the United States, by nearly 10% annually, since the commercial introduction of multirow detector CT scanners. Because of this significant increase in the use of CT, there is concern about radiation exposure to the population. Methods to reduce radiation dose and at the same time retain comparable image quality are being actively pursued both in academia and in the industry. In the past decade, thanks to increasing computational power, statistical iterative reconstruction (IR) has become a hot research topic in CT, with a focus on noise suppression, artifact reduction, and dual-energy or energy-sensitive imaging. Some of these efforts are now under translation from bench to bedside.
Abstract 3217: NextGen strategies for mapping genetic modifiers in the tumor microenvironment

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA The majority of heritable breast cancer risk is unknown. One potential source of “missing heritability” is genetic modifiers in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although genetic modifiers in the TME have long been suspected, they have rarely been studied and are largely unknown. Here, we used two new techniques: the Consomic Xenograft Model (CXM) and species-specific RNA-seq (SSRS) to map genetic modifiers in the TME. In CXM, human breast cancer xenografts are implanted in immunodeficient consomic rat strains and tracked for tumor progression. Because the rat strains vary by one chromosome (i.e., consomic), whereas the malignant tumor cells do not differ, any observed changes in tumor phenotypes are due to genetic modifiers in the TME and can be localized to one chromosome. The SSRS method uses probabilistic mapping of RNAseq reads to a joint human and rat transcriptome to assess differential expression (DE) in malignant (human) tumor cells and the nonmalignant (rat) TME. Validation of SSRS revealed >99.4% specificity in calling human or rat reads, which was significantly better than conventional RNA-seq. Using CXM, we found that BN-derived genetic variant(s) on rat chromosome 3 significantly reduced growth of MDA-MB-231-Luc (231Luc+) tumors by 49% (P 4-fold; P<0.001) than any other rat chromosome. Moreover, a two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed that the difference in distributions of adjusted p-values for RN03 versus the rest of the genome was highly significantly higher for DE genes (P = 3.152e-08) or DE transcripts (P = 3.441e-16). Compared with other rat chromosomes, RNO3 also had by far the highest incidence of alternative isoform usage (91% of all instances). Pathway analysis of DE genes using DAVID revealed that the two most significant GO clusters were extracellular matrix (49 genes; P<10−20) and blood vessel development (43 genes; P<10−17), which recapitulated the vascular defects observed in the SS.BN3IL2Rγ tumors. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CXM and SSRS can be used to detect genetic modifiers in the TME. Citation Format: Michael Flister, Angela Lemke, Michael Dwinell, Carmen Bergom, James Shull, Howard Jacob. NextGen strategies for mapping genetic modifiers in the tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3217. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3217
Multiscale modeling and simulation of microtubule–motor-protein assemblies

Microtubules and motor proteins self-organize into biologically important assemblies including the mitotic spindle and the centrosomal microtubule array. Outside of cells, microtubule-motor mixtures can form novel active liquid-crystalline materials driven out of equilibrium by adenosine triphosphate-consuming motor proteins. Microscopic motor activity causes polarity-dependent interactions between motor proteins and microtubules, but how these interactions yield larger-scale dynamical behavior such as complex flows and defect dynamics is not well understood. We develop a multiscale theory for microtubule-motor systems in which Brownian dynamics simulations of polar microtubules driven by motors are used to study microscopic organization and stresses created by motor-mediated microtubule interactions. We identify polarity-sorting and crosslink tether relaxation as two polar-specific sources of active destabilizing stress. We then develop a continuum Doi-Onsager model that captures polarity sorting and the hydrodynamic flows generated by these polar-specific active stresses. In simulations of active nematic flows on immersed surfaces, the active stresses drive turbulent flow dynamics and continuous generation and annihilation of disclination defects. The dynamics follow from two instabilities, and accounting for the immersed nature of the experiment yields unambiguous characteristic length and time scales. When turning off the hydrodynamics in the Doi-Onsager model, we capture formation of polar lanes as observed in the Brownian dynamics simulation.
Opponent-driven planning and execution for pass, attack, and defense in a multi-robot soccer team

We present our Small Size League (SSL) robot soccer team, CMDragons, which performed strongly at the RoboCup'13 competition, placing second out of twenty teams after a prolonged final match ending in penalty shoot-outs. We briefly present the robots' hardware and individual skills, and then focus on our multi-robot passing, attack, and defense planning and execution in the challenging SSL adversarial multi-robot environment. We introduce a pass-ahead behavior, as well as a new dynamic two-stage planner, Coerce and Attack, which explicitly considers opponent defense to hypothetical attack patterns. The Coerce stage generates a coerce attack formation to coerce the opponent robots into leaving strategic openings. The Attack stage modifies the coerce attack pattern in a fluid manner to exploit openings in the defense using pass-ahead to attempt to score. We further present our threat-based defensive multi-robot algorithm, which identifies potential threats based on the opponent positioning and plans the defense accordingly. We present the performance of CMDragons at RoboCup'13 in terms of metrics that evaluate the effectiveness of the low-level skills as well as the high-level defense and offense.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: beyond proton pump inhibitor therapy.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD or GERD) is a very common disorder, and advancement in drug development over the years has markedly improved disease management. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remain the mainstay of treatment for GERD due to their profound and consistent inhibitory effect on acid secretion. However, PPIs do not reduce the number of reflux events and do not provide long-term cure for GERD. In addition, although the safety profile of PPIs is excellent, recent population-based studies have suggested that long-term PPI use may be associated with a variety of adverse events. They include osteoporosis-related hip and spine fractures, community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, various enteric and non-enteric infections, fundic gland polyps and many others. Consequently, there is growing interest by patients and physicians alike in current, as well as future, non-PPI-related therapeutic strategies for GERD. This includes repositioning histamine H2 receptor antagonists and prokinetics in our current GERD therapeutic algorithms and a resurgence of non-medical therapeutic modalities for GERD, such as anti-reflux surgery, endoscopic treatment, alternative and complementary medicine and psychological interventions. Furthermore, there will be renewed efforts in further developing new medical and non-medical therapeutic modalities for GERD.
Progression for Teaching the Eggbeater

(1973). Progression for Teaching the Eggbeater. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 44, Including Leisure Today, pp. 84-86.
PERIPHERAL ANGIOTENSIN CAUSES SALT APPETITE IN RATS

The prevailing theory of sodium depletion-induced salt appetite states that angiotensin (ANG) of cerebral origin, not of renal origin, causes the behavior. This assertion depends partly on an experiment that suppressed salt appetite using an intravenous infusion of a dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (captopril, 2.5 mg/h) that supposedly blocked both central and peripheral enzyme (17). The present experiments used the same dose of captopril to suppress salt appetite both in 24-h and in 3-h models of sodium depletion-induced behavior. The captopril-infused rats 1) increased water intake normally after central injections of ANG I given immediately after each salt appetite test, 2) had no arterial pressor response after intravenously injected ANG I, and 3) had normal arterial pressor responses after either intravenously injected ANG II or centrally injected ANG I. Thus, although the peripheral ACE was completely blocked in captopril-infused rats, the central ACE was not, because the central thirst and arterial pressor responses to ANG I were indistinguishable from controls. This demonstrates that ANG of renal origin is necessary for the expression of sodium depletion-induced salt appetite.
Low Order Model Identification and Controller Design for Active Flow Control

This paper presents a model reduction and control approach for a class of active flow control problem. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used extensively to study fluid dynamic systems. It is a powerful tool to gain insight and understanding, but it is also extremely computationally intensive and thus unsuitable for control design and iteration. Various model reduction schemes have been proposed in the past to approximate the Navier-Stokes equation with a low-dimensional model. There are essentially two approaches: input/output model identification and modal decomposition based on snapshots of high-dimensional states such as proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The former captures mostly the local behavior near a steady state and the latter is highly dependent on the snapshots of the flow state used to extract the projection. This paper presents a novel model reduction approach that attempts to combine the attractive features of the two approaches. The local behavior is first obtained through the identification of a linear (or semi-linear) time invariant model using the input/output data. To capture the large nonlinear structure, we project the difference between CFD response and the linear identified model response onto a set of POD basis. This trajectory is fit to a nonlinear dynamical model to augment the input/output linear model. The resulting linear+nonlinear model is used to design a feedback control law. The difference between the predicted trajectory and CFD simulated trajectory under this control law is further used to refine the POD basis, until a good match is obtained. The proposed method is applied to 2D compressible flow example with outlet flow rate control for a contraction section. Preliminary results for lift control of a 2D airfoil is also included.
Relationship between Neuroleptic Dose and Positive and Negative Symptoms

Summary.-The present study explored possible connections between neuroleptic dose and the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients. Zero-order correlations between medication dose as measured in CPZ equivalent units and standardized assessments of positive (hallucinations, delusions) and negative (blunted affect, poor rapport) symptoms were carried out on 28 hospitalized schizophrenics. While dose was positively related to over-all negative symptom scores as well as specific negative symptoms, no relation was found with positive scores. The discussion focused on the possibility that negative symptoms might represent medication-induced side effects and the need for further research. Research (Carpenter, Heinrichs, & Alphs, 1985; Opler, Albert, & Ramirez, in press) has suggested that ratings of negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia may represent, at least partially, secondary negative symptoms due to such factors as reactions to positive symptoms, depression, and side effects caused by neuroleptic medication (i.e., akinesia). The relative contributions of neuroleptic medications and other factors to primary and secondary negative symptoms needs to be clarified. The present work explored the relationship between neuroleptic dose expressed as chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalents and negative symptoms. Method.-The subjects were 28 DSM-111-R schizophrenic patients at an urban medical. school-affiliated psychiatric facility; their mean age was 30.2 yr. (SD = 7.7) and mean education 10.3 yt (SD =2.7). AU subjects were receiving neuroleptic medication at the time of their chical evaluation (mean neuroleptic dose in CPZ equivalents = 955.23 mg). Mean days hospitalized within the past 18 months was 397.07. All subjects were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrume Scale (PANSS), an instrument which yields positive and negative symptom scores as well as a general psychopathology score (Kay, Opler, & Fiszbein, 1992). Results and discussion.-Table 1 presents the zero-order correlations between patients' CPZ levels and positive and negative symptom scores. This preliminary work gave a significant correlation between CPZ equivalents and total score on the PANSS Negative Syndrome Scale as well as with negative symptoms including blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, and poor rapport. In contrast, positive symptom ratings were not significantly correlated. Such results suggest that concerns over neuroleptic-induced side effects confounding the evaluation of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia may be well founded vis-2-uis negative symptoms. The results also hghlight the need to include scores for first-break, nevermedicated schizophrenics on the PANSS both prior to and following neuroleptic treatment.
Imagined Economies: Regional Understandings of the Economy and Sovereignty: The Economic Basis of the Movement for a Urals Republic

The findings of Chapter 5 compel us to ask, how then are regional understandings of the economy related to movements for greater sovereignty? I argue that content analysis of Sverdlovsk newspaper articles related to the sovereignty movement will demonstrate that the movement for a Urals Republic was driven by concerns over inequality, both economic and constitutional. In other words, the movement was based on regional actors' belief that Sverdlovsk Oblast was treated unfairly in the Federation by the existing institutional structure, and that greater economic and political autonomy in the form of upgraded political status – to republic – was the solution to the inequality and adverse economic circumstances facing Sverdlovsk. The analysis of regional actors' arguments for and against the movement for a Urals Republic also provides evidence that economic and constitutional inequality were not merely concepts strategically invented by regional elites in Sverdlovsk. By analyzing the arguments made by Sverdlovsk actors against the movement for a Urals Republics, I show that these anti-Urals Republic arguments did not dispute the claims of economic and constitutional inequality but instead focused mainly on the threat to the unity and continued existence of the Russian Federation and on claims of the illegality of the sovereignty movement. Finally, by contrasting the arguments presented by Sverdlovsk and non-Sverdlovsk actors regarding the causes of the movement for a Urals Republic, the content analysis in this chapter also provides evidence of a particularly regional understanding of the economy, in the sense that Sverdlovsk actors share particular beliefs; for example, the issue of inequality is salient among Sverdlovsk actors only.
Eosinophilia in children.

In spite of its early recognition and a long history of efforts to explain its functions, the eosinophil remains mysterious. This discussion of eosinophilia and the disorders in which it appears is therefore descriptive rather than analytical.
A preliminary operations concept for the ngVLA

A future large area radio array optimized to perform imaging of thermal emission down to milliarcsecond scales is currently under consideration in North America. This `Next Generation Very Large Array' (ngVLA) will have ten times the effective collecting area and ten times longer baselines (300 km) than the JVLA. The large number of antennas and their large geographical distribution pose significant challenges to ngVLA operations and maintenance. We draw on experience from operating the JVLA, VLBA, and ALMA to highlight notable operational issues and outline a preliminary operations concept for the ngVLA.
Lower stress-reactive cortisol in female veterans associated with military status but not PTSD

Female veterans are a growing yet understudied population. Currently, 14.6% of all troops deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq are female. Military service is associated with an increased risk for trauma exposure and subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is frequently associated with PTSD. Few studies have examined females diagnosed with PTSD and only one study, to our knowledge, has examined HPA-axis dysregulation in female veterans. This study examined salivary cortisol in 52 female veterans and civilians both with and without PTSD. We collected saliva samples at bedtime and awakening, as well as in response to the Trier social stress test (TSST). We found that female veterans had blunted cortisol concentrations at all time points during the TSST compared to female civilians, regardless of PTSD status. Even though all groups showed the expected diurnal decline in cortisol, the difference between awakening and bedtime samples were significant only in civilians without PTSD. The results of our study suggest that stressors specific to the military may lead to lower than normal cortisol, which may not be associated with the expressions of PTSD.
Electronic product end of life tracking using RFID system - smart waste project

Considering that HP wants to act as a pioneer in sustainable technological development and thinking in new environmental policies that are emerging worldwide, this paper aims to demonstrate how HP in the category sustainability is considering recycling issues, reuse of materials, application of information intelligence equipment at the end of life using RFID technology to correctly direct the recycling process of their printers. This paper also demonstrates how we conduct the development of an analytical lifecycle analysis software for printers.
Using instantaneous frequency and colored inversion attributes to distinguish and determine the sandstones facies of the Late Ordovician Mamuniyat reservoir, R-field in Murzuq Basin, Libya

AbstractThe Mamuniyat petroleum reservoir in southwestern Libya is comprised of clean sandstones and intercalated shale and sand facies that are characterized by spatial porosity variations. Seismic reflection data from the field exhibit relatively low vertical seismic resolution, side lobes of reflection wavelets, reflection interference, and low acoustic impedance contrast between the reservoir and the units underneath the reservoir, which make mapping those facies a difficult task. In the absence of broadband seismic data, optimizing frequency bands of bandlimited data can be used to suppress pseudoreflectors resulting from side-lobe effects and help to separate the clean sandstone facies of the reservoir. We have optimized the data based on our investigation of seismic frequency bands and used instantaneous frequency analysis to reveal the reflection discontinuity that is mainly associated with the reservoir boundary of the sandstone facies of the clean Mamuniyat reservoir. We also preformed rock-phys...
Real transform domain operations for image compression and segmentation

This paper describes a real transform that can be used for various image applications such as compression and edge detection. The transform is based on the symmetric extension of a two dimensional block of data and is similar to the DCT. This symmetric extension is shown to be effective for image compression and for detecting transitions in images. Future work on this subject is also discussed.
Self-Assembly and Post-Fabrication Functionalization of Microphase Separated Thin Films of a Reactive Azlactone-Containing Block Copolymer

We report on the thin film self-assembly and post-fabrication functionalization of cylinder-forming poly(styrene-block-2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PS-b-PVDMA) block copolymers (BCPs). Thermal annealing of an asymmetric BCP composition, to drive microphase separation in thin films, results in high defect densities and poor long-range order. Using FTIR spectroscopy and ellipsometry, we demonstrate that thermal annealing results in reactions between the azlactone groups and the underlying substrate leading to BCP “pinning”. We demonstrate that solvent annealing circumvents these issues and drives high fidelity microphase separation of the BCP in thin films. The solvent annealing approach also enables control over domain orientation; we show that parallel and perpendicularly oriented cylinders with diameters of 11.7 ± 1.2 nm and a center-to-center distance of 25.2 ± 2.6 nm can be obtained using a BCP with Mn = 29.5 kDa and fS = 0.75. The PVDMA segments in these self-assembled thin films remain available f...
Patient With Severe Moyamoya Disease Who Presents With Acute Cortical Blindness

A previously healthy 16-year-old girl presented to a local emergency room with intense headache, severe nausea, and vision loss. The week before, she had intermittent headaches and nonspecific visual changes that resolved with acetaminophen or NSAIDs and rest. On admission to the hospital, she was found to be extremely hypertensive and had bilateral occipital hypodensities consistent with infarcts on noncontrast computed tomography. On transfer to the regional pediatric hospital, she had severe vision loss (light perception only), and magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral infarctions, especially affecting the posterior circulation and occipital lobes (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance perfusion revealed severe bilateral hemispheric hypoperfusion, and magnetic resonance imaging fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequence demonstrated linear hyperdensities along sulci—the ivy sign often seen in moyamoya. Cerebral angiography revealed complete occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries distal to the anterior choroidal arteries with dense moyamoya collaterals and extreme attenuation of the posterior cerebral artery circulation, also with moyamoya collaterals (Figure 2). Biochemical, hemostatic, and genetic evaluations were normal, with the exception of a significantly elevated d-dimer level (1850 ng/mL; normal range: 0–543 ng/µL). Apart from her mother experiencing a deep venous thrombosis during pregnancy, the patient’s family history was unremarkable for coagulopathies. Figure 1. Axial T2 magnetic resonance imaging with bilateral fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery changes revealing infarctions of the right posterior temporal and occipital lobes and of the left parietal, occipital, and posterior temporal lobes. In addition, there were small chronic white matter infarcts in the bifrontal middle cerebral artery–anterior cerebral artery watershed territories (not pictured). Figure 2. Angiographic images (lateral views) showing effects of surgical treatment with pial synangiosis. A and B , Right external carotid artery injections, preoperatively ( A ) and at 1-y follow-up ( B ). There is extensive revascularization in the right middle cerebral artery territory and superior part of the right anterior cerebral artery territory (boxed area). …
How Movies with a Female Presence Fare with Critics

This study explores one potential mechanism contributing to the persistent underrepresentation of women in film by considering whether movie critics reward or penalize films with an independent fem...
Reduced root cortical burden improves growth and grain yield under low phosphorus availability in maize

Root phenes and phene states that reduce the metabolic cost of soil exploration may improve plant growth under low phosphorus availability. We tested the hypothesis that under low phosphorus, reduced living cortical area (LCA) would increase soil exploration, phosphorus capture, biomass, and grain yield. Maize genotypes contrasting in LCA were grown in the field and in greenhouse mesocosms under optimal and suboptimal phosphorus regimes. Percent LCA in nodal roots ranged from 25% to 67%. Plants with 0.2 mm2 less LCA under low phosphorus had 75% less root segment respiration, 54% less root phosphorus content, rooted 20 cm deeper, allocated up to four times more roots between 60 and 120 cm depth, had between 20% and 150% more biomass, 35-40% greater leaf phosphorus content, and 60% greater grain yield compared with plants with high LCA. Low-LCA plants had up to 55% less arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in axial roots, but this decrease was not correlated with biomass or phosphorus content. The LCA components cortical cell file number and cortical cell size were important for biomass and phosphorus content under low phosphorus. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that root phenes that decrease the metabolic cost of soil exploration are adaptive under phosphorus stress.
Distinguishing Features: Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome vs Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are dermatologic conditions that have a similar clinical appearance. Careful attention to clinical features, such as the coloration at the base of the blister, and histopathology are utilized to make an accurate diagnosis. While supportive therapy is required for both conditions, SSSS requires appropriate antibiotics to treat the underlying staphylococcus and TEN requires elimination of an offending drug (usually an antibiotic).
From "habitual offenders" to "career criminals": The historical construction and development of criminal categories.

Mainstream positivistic criminology has recently been challenged by a sociological perspective which views crime as a social construction and attempts to account for the collective definition of categories of crime and deviance. The purpose of this paper is to present a sociohistorical analysis and interpretation of the construction of two specific and related criminal categories: “habitual offender” and “carreer criminal.” The analysis focuses on the broad historical development of these two categories and the symbolic functions they serve. The data show that similar social conditions in two different time periods led to the development of two similar legal categories. Furthermore, both categories are judged to have served important and similar symbolic and ideological functions.
Imaging Bulk α-Si3N4

In this chapter I describe results on bulk α-Si3N4. In particular, the problem regarding the stability of this polymorph is addressed in detail with aberration-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and ab initio methods. I start this chapter with an introduction to α-Si3N4 followed by the discussion of the obtained Z-contrast images and the Bloch-wave Z-contrast image simulations. Next, I present my Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations along with the Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) results confirming the presence of interstitial O in bulk α-Si3N4.
Intra-cardiac MR imaging & MR-tracking catheter for improved MR-guided EP

Background Electrophysiology (EP) studies can diagnose & treat patients with arrhythmia. MR-guided EP is growing, driven by the ability of cardiac MRI to provide high-contrast images. For intra-procedural use, MRI provides images of the acute state of radio-frequency ablation (RFA) lesions, e.g. necrosis, edema and hemorrhage, that potentially reduce recurrences & complications [1,2]. Unfortunately, acquisition of these images using surface MRI coils, considering the high-spatial-resolution (~1×1×2mm) requirements, can be lengthy (scar~10 mins/scan, edema~12 mins/scan) [3], severely increasing the duration of MR-guided procedures. As demonstrated in other body regions, e.g. endorectal MRI, and with other imaging modalities (Intra-Cardiac Echo), intracavitary probes provide increased Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR), due to their proximity to the area of interest. An Intra-cardiac MR imaging (ICMRI) coil may provide substantially higher SNR, but a complete application must also provide accurate heart motion compensation [4], in order to produce non-blurred images. We constructed an ICMRI catheter, with integrated imaging & positional-tracking elements, optimized for (1) cardiovascular introduction as a sheath “riding on” an EP ablation catheter & for (2) close-proximity imaging (~4 cm FOV) during RFA delivery.