cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An accuracy aware low power wireless EEG Unit with information content based adaptive data compression

We present a digital system for adaptive data compression for low power wireless transmission of Electroencephalography (EEG) data. The proposed system acts as a base-band processor between the EEG analog-to-digital front-end and RF transceiver. It performs a real-time accuracy energy trade-off for multi-channel EEG signal transmission by controlling the volume of transmitted data. We propose a multi-core digital signal processor for on-chip processing of EEG signals, to detect signal information of each channel and perform real-time adaptive compression. Our analysis shows that the proposed approach can provide significant savings in transmitter power with minimal impact on the overall signal accuracy.
Large scale empirical analysis of cooperative coevolution

We present a study of cooperative coevolution applied to moderately complex optimization problems in large-population environments. The study asks three questions. First: what collaboration methods perform best, and when? Second: how many subpopulations are desirable? Third: is it worthwhile to do more than one trial per fitness evaluation? We discovered that parallel methods tended to work better than sequential ones, that "shuffling" (a collaboration method) predominated in performance in more complex problems, that more subpopulations generally did better, and that more trials performed marginally better.
Periphyton responses to eutrophication in the Florida Everglades: Cross-system patterns of structural and compositional change

We examined periphyton along transects in five Everglades marshes and related compositional and functional aspects to phosphorus (P) gradients caused by enriched inflows. Results were compared to those of a P-addition experiment in a pristine Everglades marsh. While the water total P (TP) concentration was not related to P load in the marshes or experiment, the concentration of TP in periphyton was strongly correlated with the distance from the P source. Increased P concentration in periphyton was associated with a loss of biomass, particularly of the calcifying mat-forming matrix, regardless of the growth form of the periphyton (epiphytic, floating, or epilithic). Diatom species composition was also strongly related to P availability, but the TP optima of many species varied among marshes. Enriched periphyton communities were found 14 km downstream of P inputs to one marsh that has been receiving enhanced P loads for decades, where other studies using different biotic indicators show negligible change in the same marsh. Although recovery trajectories are unknown, periphyton indicators should serve as excellent metrics for the progression or amelioration of P-related effects in the Everglades.
The North Dakota Beef Industry Survey: Implications for Extension

A portion of the North Dakota Beef Industry Survey was developed to determine how educational programs can evolve to meet future needs of North Dakota beef producers. Of the 2,500 surveys mailed out to beef producers, 527 responses were completed and returned. Results highlight the level of education of North Dakota beef producers, anticipated use of technology in the next 1 to 5 years, educational meeting attendance, and preferred methods of receiving educational programming. Future programming efforts should be developed and delivered using a multi-faceted approach to ensure acceptance and utilization by producers with varying degrees of technology reliance.
Hypothalamic Inflammation: Marker or Mechanism of Obesity Pathogenesis?

Obesity and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular disorders are among the most challenging health problems confronting developed countries. Not only is obesity remarkably common, affecting more than one-third of U.S. adults, and very challenging to treat, but it is also tightly linked to type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. A major obstacle to effective obesity treatment is that lost weight tends to be regained over time (1). Although the mechanisms underlying recovery of lost weight are incompletely understood, a large literature suggests that body fat stores are subject to homeostatic regulation, and that this process occurs in obese as well as normal-weight individuals. From this perspective, obesity can be viewed as a disorder in which the biologically defended level of body fat mass is increased. Recent findings implicate inflammation in key hypothalamic areas for body weight control in this process. In this review, we present an overview of energy homeostasis—the biological process that underlies the control of body fat mass—and describe evidence that defects in this regulatory system contribute to obesity pathogenesis. We then address molecular characteristics of hypothalamic inflammation and their implications for obesity pathogenesis (detailed more extensively in refs. 2,3), followed by evidence linking high-fat diet (HFD) feeding to neuropathological alteration of key hypothalamic areas controlling energy balance. We conclude by considering how cell-cell interactions may contribute to this deleterious hypothalamic response and the implications of these interactions for obesity pathogenesis. ### Homeostatic response to weight loss. Following a period of caloric restriction, lost weight is gradually but inexorably recovered in most individuals. This effect involves the capacity of the brain to sense the reduction of body energy stores and activate responses to compensate for this deficit. In simple terms, voluntary weight loss triggers increases of both appetite and energy efficiency, such that both sides of the energy balance equation shift …
Marrow Transplantation for Hodgkin's Disease: Points to Ponder

High dose chemotherapy with autologous marrow rescue has been shown to be useful in achieving long term disease free survival in patients with recurrent or relapsed Hodgkin’s disease.I4 However, high dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) is not uniformly curative and 40-70% of patients undergoing such therapy still relap~e.~.~ New treatment strategies for cohorts of patients at high risk of relapse after dose intensive therapy and ABMT need to be developed. The group at Genoa in collaboration with various investigators has been investigating the potential utility of dose intensive therapy and ABMT for patients deemed to be at high risk of relapse following standard dose therapy e.g. MOPP, ABVD or MOPP/ABVD.* Entry criteria to this multi-national trial include presence of extra-nodal disease, B symptoms, increased liver function tests and other prognostic variables. These factors have been identified as being important for prognosis after standard dose thera~y.~.’ In the experience at New York Medical College factors that influence overall and disease free survival after dose intensive therapy are not identical to variables that influence survival after standard dose therapy. While investigating the utility of dose intensive therapy for patients at risk of relapse, one should consider the impact and influence of prognostic factors that have been identified as being significant for patients undergoing dose intensive therapy. Since 1987 a series of dose intensive chemotherapy regimens were employed in the treatment of patients presenting to New York Medical College. Patients with refractory or resistant disease were eligible to receive 2
Simulation of relative temporal resolution of time-resolved MRA sequences.

Time-resolved MRA sequences are typically characterized by the display frame rate. However, true temporal resolution should be defined in a manner analogous to spatial resolution; it is not the ability of a sequence to update rapidly but rather the ability to discern changes that occur within a small time that should characterize temporal resolution. For view-shared methods like Keyhole and TRICKS, regions of k-space from multiple time frames are combined to form a single reconstructed time frame. This often causes the time needed to acquire all k-space data points to be significantly longer than the displayed frame time, resulting in poor frequency response. Simulated here are the temporal impulse response and temporal frequency response curves of three time-resolved MRA methods including the recently introduced HYPR LR method. It is found that the HYPR LR reconstruction method exhibits a better temporal frequency response for a larger spectrum of temporal and spatial frequencies than the Keyhole and TRICKS methods.
Penalty for excessive celebration: An evaluation of a social marketing campaign to reduce celebratory drinking

Celebratory drinking at individual events on college campuses involves drinking at higher levels than that seen on typical weekend nights. This paper focuses on the data analysis performed for a hazardous drinking event called the “Fourth-Year Fifth” in which some students consume a fifth of liquor prior to the start of the last home football game. To minimize these behaviors, the Gordie Center for Alcohol and Substance Education at the University of Virginia worked with the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Team peer educators to develop the 2009 social norms marketing campaign and survey. Social norms marketing is an intervention strategy designed to correct misperceptions about the prevalence of a particular behavior. Students overestimate peers' participation in the Fourth-Year Fifth; thus, the Gordie Center developed a campaign to correct misperceptions in order to reduce hazardous drinking at the last home football game. The data analysis of survey results showed that while self-reported exposure to more campaign elements was associated with lack of participation in the targeted celebratory drinking, the percentage of participants was similar to prior years. The survey also revealed that participants overestimated the overall participation rate. The evaluation also revealed several issues with the survey and sampling method. The survey contained ambiguous questions, and omitted a key question on drinking behaviors of students who did not attempt the Fourth-Year Fifth, which limited the evaluation of some campaign objectives.
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality in a Male and Female Prison: An Exploratory Study

It has been argued that differences exist between male and female inmates' attitudes toward homosexuality. Unfortunately, this statement has never been fully addressed in correctional literature. To test this hypothesis, anonymous surveys were administered to 256 male and female inmates in Mississippi. The study revealed that not only gender but also race, homosexual behavior during incarceration, and remaining sentence time had statistically significant effects on inmates' attitudes toward homosexuality. In other words, incarcerated men were more likely than incarcerated women to have homophobic attitudes. Black inmates were more tolerant of homosexuality compared to White inmates. Inmates who had engaged in homosexual behavior during incarceration were less likely to have homophobic attitudes than those who had not. Finally, those who had longer remaining sentence times were more likely to have negative attitudes toward homosexuality compared to those with shorter remaining sentence times.
Early adoption of robotic pulmonary lobectomy: feasibility and initial outcomes.

Despite the published benefits of minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lobectomy, the majority of lobectomies in the United States continue to be performed through a t...
Principles of power-frequency magnetic field shielding with flat sheets in a source of long conductors

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a two dimensional (2-D) model of power-frequency magnetic field shielding. It consists of multiple linear and conducting layers, as well as multiple current-carrying conductors. Explicit expressions for magnetic field and power loss are deduced by solving diffusion equations using the method of variable separation. They are verified by experimental results of magnetic field shielding with both aluminum and magnetic material shields. Shielding principles taking into account geometric and material parameters (e.g., relative permeability, conductivity, thickness, etc.) are presented based on the simplification of closed-form expressions. Those general shielding principles are applicable when the shield is sufficiently large. The derived shielding principles are used to address practical design issues of power-frequency magnetic field shielding. Conclusions regarding material selection, location, and current circulation are obtained. They can be applied in practical shielding design if sources are lines, bus bars, cables, or any other long current-carrying conductors in power systems.
Sparse representations for multiple measurement vectors (MMV) in an over-complete dictionary

The multiple measurement vector (MMV), a newly emerged problem in sparse representation in an over-complete dictionary motivated by a neuro-magnetic inverse problem that arises in magnetoencephalography (MEG) - a modality for imaging the possible activation regions in the brain, poses new challenges. Efficient methods have been designed to search for sparse representations; however, we have not seen substantial development in the theoretical analysis, considering what has been done in a simpler case - single measurement vector (SMV) - in which many theoretical results are known. This paper extends the known results of SMV to MMV. Our theoretical results show the fundamental limitation on when a sparse representation is unique. Moreover, the relation between the solutions of /spl lscr//sub 0/-norm minimization and the solutions of /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm minimization indicates a computationally efficient approach to find a sparse representation. Interestingly, simulations show that the predictions made by these theorems tend to be conservative.
Isothermal section of the Na0.3CoO2H2O phase diagram at 22 °C from 11 to 100% relative humidity

Abstract An isothermal section of the Na0.3CoO2 H2O system phase diagram at 22 °C from 11 to 100% relative humidity is presented. The superconducting Na0.3CoO2⋅1.2H2O phase is stable at a relative humidity (RH) higher than 30%; Na0.3CoO2⋅0.6H2O is the stable phase at RH below 30%. The unit cell parameters and temperature of superconducting transition of Na0.3CoO2⋅1.2H2O do not depend on relative humidity. The Na0.3CoO2⋅1.2H2O and Na0.3CoO2⋅0.6H2O hydrates are line phases and have a constant water content over the water vapor pressure range of their stability.
Protective factors of native youth: findings from a self-report survey in rural Alaska

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the perceived internal and external assets of indigenous youth and assesses how different protective variables relate to gender, age, and community size. A cross-sectional design captured self-report, protective-factor data from pre-adolescent and adolescent youth living in a rural region of Alaska in 2010. The convenient sample included youth aged 10–20 who were recruited by their peers in their small, rural communities. The 50-item survey utilized a 4-point Likert scale to measure the following concepts: responsibility, peers and family relations, community engagement, and importance of and participation in traditional culture. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and correlations), Chi-squared test, and factor analysis. The 355 surveys were balanced for gender, age, and residence. Factor analysis produced six factors: internal assets, family, community, peer, culture, and moral responsibility (KMO = 0.903; χ2 (496) = 4226.575, p = 0....
Effect of Prior Perpetration and Victimization upon Assignment of Criminal Responsibility

A mock juror-simulation was utilized to determine the effect of observers' prior perpetration and victimization upon attributions of responsibility for an illegal act. 386 student subjects were presented a newspaper article depicting a court case of an individual being tried for one of two crimes, petty larceny or armed robbery. As predicted, prior victimization was significantly correlated with attributed responsibility. However, a significant relationship was not found between prior perpetration and attributed responsibility.
Uncertainty Modeling and Price-Based Demand Response Scheme Design in Smart Grid

Transforming conventional passive customers into active participants who interact with the utility in real time is the key idea of demand response (DR) in smart grid. However, an effective and efficient DR scheme relies on precise prediction and modeling of the uncertainties, i.e., renewable generations and load demands. In this paper, we first present a series of linear prediction models for the load prediction purpose, such as standard autoregressive (AR) process and time-varying AR (TVAR) process, according to different assumptions on the stationarity of customer load profile: piecewise stationarity, local stationarity, and cyclostationarity. Two important issues in AR/TVAR models are addressed: determining the order of AR/TVAR models and calculating the AR/TVAR coefficients. The partial autocorrelation function is analyzed to determine the model order, and the minimum mean squared error estimator is adopted to derive the AR/TVAR coefficients, which leads to the Yule–Walker type of equations. With the load prediction problem addressed, we further design a DR scheduling scheme based on utility cost minimization with different customer clustering sizes. The optimal DR load profiles are given in forms of both 1-D and 2-D water-filling solutions . A tradeoff strategy, which attempts to balance the competing objectives (centralized and distributed), is also provided based on the price-of-anarchy analysis. Simulation results of both the load prediction models and the DR schemes are presented and analyzed.
Effects of prostaglandins E1 and F2a on the swine pulmonary circulation.

SummaryThe effects of PGF2α and PGE1 on the swine pulmonary circulation were studied using a new right heart catheterization technique. Infusion of PGF2α into the lobar artery increased lobar arterial pressure but did not change pressures in the small lobar vein or the left atrium. Infusion of PGE1 into the lobar artery decreased lobar arterial pressure but did not alter pressure in the small lobar vein or the left atrium. These results indicate that under conditions of controlled blood flow in the swine PGF2α increases pulmonary vascular resistance by actively constricting vessels upstream from the small lobar veins. Present results show that PGE1 decreases pulmonary vascular resistance in this species by actively dilating vessels upstream from small lobar veins, presumably the lobar arteries. It is concluded that in the swine pulmonary circulation the precapillary vessels are very responsive to prostaglandins E1 and F2α.
Abstract PL05-03: Global trends in cancer: The imperative for prevention

Despite the encouraging decrease in the incidence and death rates from all cancers combined in the United States, and the decrease in death rates from selected cancers in many industrialized countries, the number of people affected by cancer continues to increase rapidly worldwide. More than 12 million new cases and 7.5 million cancer deaths are estimated to have occurred globally in 2008. The number of deaths from cancer has increased by 25% since 1990 and is projected to nearly double (to 13.1 million) by 2030. Moreover, the global increase in the disease burden from cancer disproportionately affects low- and medium-resource countries, which currently account for nearly two-thirds of all cancer deaths, and are projected to contribute over 70% by 2030. Underlying this global increase in the cancer burden and its disproportionate impact on economically developing countries is a combination of both demographic changes and the shifting distribution of major risk factors. Three particularly important factors are the growth and aging of populations (especially longer life expectancy for massive numbers of young adults in developing countries), the entrenchment of modifiable risk factors (particularly cigarette smoking, Western diet, and physical inactivity), and the slower decline in cancers related to infectious etiologies in low-resource countries than in high-resource countries. Given these trends, the success of future efforts in global cancer control will require considerably greater emphasis on the development and implementation of effective population-level approaches to cancer prevention and early detection than exist currently in most countries. This talk will describe several successful models of tobacco control and interventions against chronic infections caused by hepatitis B and human papillomavirus that have been developed and implemented in high-risk developing countries. Other talks in the session will describe promising examples of population-level prevention in the U.S., Australia, and Canada. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):PL05-03.
Bhlhb5::flpo allele uncovers a requirement for Bhlhb5 for the development of the dorsal cochlear nucleus

Auditory information is initially processed in the cochlear nuclei before being relayed to the brain. The cochlear nuclei are subdivided into dorsal, anterior ventral, and posterior ventral domains, each containing several subtypes of neurons that are thought to play discrete roles in the processing of sound. However, the ontogeny of these neurons is poorly understood, and this gap in knowledge hampers efforts to understand the basic neural circuitry of this nucleus. Here, we reveal that Bhlhb5 is expressed in both excitatory (unipolar brush cells) and inhibitory neurons (cartwheel cells) of the DCN during development. To gain genetic access to Bhlhb5-expressing neurons in the DCN, we generated a Bhlhb5::flpo knockin allele. Using an intersectional genetic strategy, we labeled cartwheel cells, thereby providing proof of concept that subpopulations of Bhlhb5-expressing neurons can be genetically targeted. Moreover, fate-mapping experiments using this allele revealed that Bhlhb5 is required for the proper development of the DCN, since mice lacking Bhlhb5 showed a dramatically diminished number of neurons, including unipolar brush and cartwheel cells. Intriguingly, the Bhlhb5::flpo allele also genetically labels numerous other regions of the nervous system that process sensory input, including the dorsal horn, the retina, and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, hinting at a more general role for Bhlhb5 in the development of neurons that mediate sensory integration.
Detection, recognition and management of anemia.

Anemia is invariably detected by a reliable hemoglobin determination. Recognition of the general mechanism (increased red cell loss or destruction or decreased red cell or hemoglobin production) is the first step in diagnosis. Then the particular cause may be defined directly or by exclusion. Special diagnostic studies may be necessary, and a systematic conception of the causes will enable application of appropriate tests and, subsequently, intelligent management.
Conformal Liquid-Metal Electrodes for Flexible Graphene Device Interconnects

A novel integration technique is demonstrated that combines 2-D graphene with galinstan (eutectic gallium-based alloy) into flexible, compact, and durable devices. This unique combination enables the next-generation electronic devices with miniaturized microfluidic capabilities. Robust performance is exhibited across a wide range of flexure with less than 5.5% resistance change when subjected to repeated deformations as small as a 4-mm radius of curvature. To fully integrate both graphene and liquid metal in a microfluidics platform, robust interconnects are realized for a variety of flexible electronics applications.
A-Morphous Morphology: The theory of inflection

In chapter 4 we discussed some reasons to believe that ‘inflection’ is a domain of grammar in which morphological and syntactic considerations overlap to a significant extent. In section 4.2 of that chapter, we dealt with one central aspect of a theory of that domain: the content and nature of Morphosyntactic Representations. The point of that exercise was not simply to develop a (possibly obscure) formalism, but rather to explore just exactly what information exists in the interface between syntax and word structure. We saw that this can be reduced to an unordered list of inflectional properties (or ‘morphosyntactic features’), with a minimum of internal structure. A limited internal organization of this information, beyond that of an unordered inventory of properties, is necessary to deal with cases where a single word bears more than one specification for the same dimension. To accommodate these, we proposed the device of ‘layered’ representations (essentially, the hierarchical subordination of some unordered feature sets to others), together with a general convention on how these are created and a restricted set of ways in which their content can be referred to in specific rules. Recall that in chapter 4 we found a number of substantive areas where morphological properties of words appear to be determined by an interaction with the syntactic environments in which they appear; or of properties that must be visible to syntactic principles for these to perform their intended function.
Measuring neural coupling from non-Gaussian power spectra of voltage traces taken from awake behaving animals

Brains consist of complex networks of neurons possessing highly non-linear interactions, suggesting that neural systems will show cooperative dynamics. Previous studies of the non-Gaussian statistics of 1/ f noise in spin glasses and amorphous semiconductors have revealed important information concerning interaction kinetics not available through other techniques. Five male Brown-Norway-Cross rats were chronically implanted with arrays of microwire electrodes from which local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the dorsocentral striatum as the animals performed complex navigational tasks. The power spectra displayed a frequency dependence significantly different from 1/ f . The correlation coefficients of the Fourier transform of the LFPs from striatum showed significant non-zero correlations between frequencies separated by less than three octaves. This novel technique may be useful in measuring functional interactions in neural systems.
Current Delivery of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy with Cytoreductive Surgery (CS/HIPEC) and Perioperative Practices: An International Survey of High-Volume Surgeons

Background Cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CS/HIPEC) is performed for selected indications at a limited number of specialized centers worldwide. Currently there is no standardized approach to the perioperative care process. We sought to capture current practices in the perioperative management of patients who undergo CS/HIPEC at high-volume centers.
A thousand words are worth a picture: a snapshot of trans* postsecondary educators in higher education

AbstractTrans* is becoming a buzzword and trans* celebrities have become increasingly visible. On college campuses, trans* students have also become more visible and advocacy for them continues to be extremely important. To support these claims, some literature has emerged regarding trans* college students’ identity development and experiences on campuses, including their perceptions of campus climate. However, higher education scholars and professionals know virtually nothing about the lived experiences of trans* educators working in colleges and universities. Extending on the importance of scholarship regarding trans* college students, trans* educators’ experiences are important because these educators are in positions of influence as mentors, advisors, and role-models to students and colleagues, and perhaps knowing their journey and how they can better be supported will allow their contributions on campuses to become more visible. Additionally, these educators are in positions of power in the universit...
A Practice-Based Professional Development Program to Support Scientific Argumentation from Evidence in the Elementary Classroom.

ABSTRACTConsiderable evidence suggests that dialogical interaction in the classroom promotes students’ scientific knowledge building and reasoning. Hence, scientific argumentation is recognized as a central component of the Next Generation Science Standards. A focus on argumentation, however, requires teachers to adopt instructional practices that facilitate this type of discourse. Therefore, the study reported here examined the impact of a practice-based professional development (PD) program on the scientific discourse practices of teachers and their students. Two cohorts of elementary school teachers attended different versions of the PD: 1 cohort attended the full program (institute, practicum, and follow-up sessions), whereas the other took part in the institute and follow-up days but did not take part in the practicum. We found that all teachers and their students, regardless of the cohort, made statistically significant improvements in their science discourse practices after attending the PD. An une...
The effect of multiplicative input uncertainty on input-output feedback linearization

Abstract Input-output linearization is a powerful method for the design of controllers for nonlinear systems. However, the exact linearization tails when there is plant-model mismatch. An important question is whether the structure of the uncertainty in conjunction with the linearization can he exploited to circumvent this problem. In this paper, multiplicative input uncertainty in MIMO nonlinear systems in considered. It is demonstrated that the effect of the uncertainty is more pronounced in systems with ill-conditioned characteristic matrices as opposed to systems with ill-conditioned gain matrices. Appropriate choice of the linearizing parameters in the input-output linearizing scheme offsets the effect of an ill-conditioned characteristic matrix and enables the design of a controller with significantly improved closed loop performance.
How Much Change Is Too Much: A Look at the Numbers

Following the gentle voice of my GPS navigator, I turn off the highway onto the narrow, winding streets to the edge of New Bedford’s historic downtown. Retrieving a camera and clipboard from my car, I feed the meter and set off to explore Herman Melville’s old stomping grounds.
Monolithic 3D IC designs for low-power deep neural networks targeting speech recognition

In recent years, deep learning has become widespread for various real-world recognition tasks. In addition to recognition accuracy, energy efficiency is another grand challenge to enable local intelligence in edge devices. In this paper, we investigate the adoption of monolithic 3D IC (M3D) technology for deep learning hardware design, using speech recognition as a test vehicle. M3D has recently proven to be one of the leading contenders to address the power, performance and area (PPA) scaling challenges in advanced technology nodes. Our study encompasses the influence of key parameters in DNN hardware implementations towards energy efficiency, including DNN architectural choices, underlying workloads, and tier partitioning choices in M3D. Our post-layout M3D designs, together with hardware-efficient sparse algorithms, produce power savings beyond what can be achieved using conventional 2D ICs. Experimental results show that M3D offers 22.3% iso-performance power saving, convincingly demonstrating its entitlement as a solution for DNN ASICs. We further present architectural guidelines for M3D DNNs to maximize the power saving.
Dandy, Walter Edward

Walter Dandy (1886–1946) was a leading American neurosurgeon of the early twentieth century. Known for his introduction of many neurosurgical techniques including ventriculography and pneumoencephalography, he was also a key figure in the recognition of the Dandy–Walker syndrome for which he is appropriately credited. A skillful neurosurgeon, Dandy developed many innovations permitting operative treatment of many diseases formerly considered inoperable.
Stability of Cefepime Hydrochloride Injection and Metronidazole in Polyvinyl Chloride Bags at 4° and 22°–24° C:

Cefepime hydrochloride injection 2 g (Maxipime) was mixed with metronidazole injection USP (Flagyl IV ready-to-use, 500 mg/100 mL) and metronidazole hydrochloride IV (Flagyl HCI IV, 500 mg) reconst...
Endogenous GLP-1 in lateral septum contributes to stress-induced hypophagia.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) neurons of the caudal brainstem project to many brain areas, including the lateral septum (LS), which has a known role in stress responses. Previously, we showed that endogenous GLP-1 in the LS plays a physiologic role in the control of feeding under non-stressed conditions, however, central GLP-1 is also involved in behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Here, we asked whether LS GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) contribute to stress-induced hypophagia. Male rats were implanted with bilateral cannulas targeting the dorsal subregion of the LS (dLS). In a within-subjects design, shortly before the onset of the dark phase, rats received dLS injections of saline or the GLP-1R antagonist Exendin (9-39) (Ex9) prior to 30 min restraint stress. Food intake was measured continuously for the next 20 h. The stress-induced hypophagia observed within the first 30 min of dark was not influenced by Ex9 pretreatment, but Ex9 tended to blunt the effect of stress as early as 1 and 2 h into the dark phase. By 4-6 h, there were significant stress X drug interactions, and Ex9 pretreatment blocked the stress-induced suppression of feeding. These effects were mediated entirely through changes in average meal size; stress suppressed meal size while dLS Ex9 attenuated this effect. Using a similar design, we examined the role of dLS GLP-1R in the neuroendocrine response to acute restraint stress. As expected, stress potently increased serum corticosterone, but blockade of dLS GLP-1Rs did not affect this response. Together, these data show that endogenous GLP-1 action in the dLS plays a role in some but not all of the physiologic responses to acute stress.
Neighborhood Context and Homicide Clearance: Estimating the Effects of Collective Efficacy:

Only a handful of macro-level studies of homicide clearance exist, and the impact of community characteristics is mixed. In addition, community members are critical to clearances, but the willingne...
Agricultural Sources of Water Pollution

Crop and animal production can have pervasive and significant impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Much agricultural pollution is difficult to attribute to specific sources and varies through space and time. Owing to the difficulty of attribution, with the exception of animal wastes and pesticides, most public policies addressing agricultural pollution rely on voluntary incentives for abatement.
The Expression of Introduced Genes in Regenerated Plants

The transfer of foreign genes into plant cells has become a routine and commonly used technique. Most frequently the method relies upon the natural gene transfer system from Agrobacterium tumefaciens or modifications thereof (1,2). However, the recently developed system of protoplast electroporation is also being used as an effective method of gene transfer to both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species (3,4). There is a recent excellent review which thoroughly describes the most efficient methods, and the systems available for gene transfer into plant cells, and summarizes the use of gene transfer as a tool for studying plant gene expression (5). Here we will describe data which we have accumulated on the expression of genes introduced into plants, and we will briefly summarize similar data from other laboratories. The overall perspective of this review is to evaluate the issues of introduced gene expression relevant to using the technology to develop improved plant varieties.
Christianity and Sexuality

Traditional western Christianity was a sex negative religion, regarding sex as necessary for procreation, but emphasizing celibacy as the ideal. This hostility to sex is not so much a part of Biblical Christianity as it is a major component of Christian theology. This was because Christianity appeared in a world dominated by the expansionist Roman Empire which had adopted and incorporated into its own intellectual tradition much of Greek philosophy and ethics.
Risk Factors and Prevalence of Mental Illness in Refugees

This chapter aims to help medical providers identify the refugees at risk for developing mental health problems. We begin by describing the current mental health screening requirements both overseas and after arrival in the United States. The challenges of screening for mental health disorders in this population are discussed. The following pre-migration factors are considered to contribute to the risk for mental illness in refugees: age, gender, education, rural versus urban origin, history of torture, death of family members. Post migration factors such as communication problems or housing have also been studied as having potential impact upon refugees’ mental health. Depression (14 to 80% prevalence) and posttraumatic stress disorder (with a prevalence between 7 and 48%) are the most common psychiatric disorders described in this population.
Relationship to Current Internet Protocols

Consider a single source accessing a link which has the capacity to serve c packets-per-second. Let us also suppose for simplicity that all packets are of equal size. To ensure that congestion does not occur at the link, the source should transmit at a maximum rate of c. One way to ensure this is using a window flow control protocol. A source’s window is the maximum number of unacknowledged packets that the source can inject into the network at any time.
Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) (P4.461)

Objective: Motor unit number index (MUNIX) as a tool to study disease severity in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Background: Motor unit number index (MUNIX) is a validated electrophysiological biomarker in motor neuron disease. It’s a three-step procedure, first maximum compound muscle action potential (CMAP) is recorded from muscle. Second, surface EMG interference pattern (SIP), 200μV each, 300ms epoch, 10–1000Hz filter setting recorded at minimal, moderate, and maximal voluntary effort. Finally, SIP CMAP area and power are used to calculate ideal case motor unit count (ICMUC). ICUMUC is plotted against SIP and MUNIX is derived. MUNIX divided by CMAP is motor unit size index (MUSIX). Design/Methods: Genetic confirmed SMA type 2 subjects scheduled to receive Spinraza® underwent Hammersmith Motor function Scale Expanded (HMFSE) and MUNIX (Synergy, Natus Inc. Middleton, WI) of right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. Study subjects were coached to incrementally activate APB and ADM to record twenty SIP epochs per muscle. Each muscle recording was done under five minutes by board certified pediatric electromyographer (S.V.). No sedation or analgesia was needed. Results: Nine subjects (5 girls, 4 boys) mean age 9.4±2.9 years (range 4–12 years) enrolled. Mean ± S.D APB and ADM CMAP (5.5±2.2mV, 2.6±2.4mV), MUNIX (73±38.4, 27.4±28.1, normal >80) and MUSIX (98.4±51.3μV, 138.6±82.5μV, normal Conclusions: APB and ADM muscle MUNIX studies are feasible in SMA type 2 children and correlate with disease severity on motor function testing (HMFSE). We plan to preform longitudinal MUNIX studies in SMA children receiving intrathecal Spinraza® and validate MUNIX as a potential biomarker for disease activity. Disclosure: Dr. Forte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Verma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pericardial Effusions Requiring Readmission After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Pericardial effusion (PE) may require readmission after cardiac surgery and has been associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify the prevalence and risk factors for postoperative PE requiring readmission in children. A retrospective analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System database was performed between January 1, 2003, and September 30, 2014. All patients ≤18 years old who underwent cardiac surgery were identified by ICD-9 codes. Those readmitted within 1 year with an ICD-9 code for PE were identified. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for PE readmissions. Of the 142,633 surgical admissions, 1535 (1.1%) were readmitted with PE. In multivariable analysis, older age at the initial surgical admission [odds ratio (OR) 1.17, p < 0.001], trisomy 21 (OR 1.24, p = 0.015), geographic region (OR 1.33–1.48, p ≤ 0.001), and specific surgical procedures [heart transplant (OR 1.82, p < 0.001), systemic-pulmonary artery shunt (OR 2.23, p < 0.001), and atrial septal defect surgical repair (OR 1.34, p < 0.001)] were independent risk factors for readmission with PE. Of readmitted patients, 44.2% underwent an interventional PE procedure. Factors associated with interventions included shorter length of stay (LOS) for the initial surgical admission (OR 0.85, p = 0.008), longer LOS for the readmission (OR 1.37, p < 0.001), and atrial septal defect surgery (OR 1.40, p = 0.005). In this administrative database of children undergoing cardiac surgery, readmissions for PE occurred after 1.1% of cardiac surgery admissions. The risk factors identified for readmissions and interventions may allow for improved risk stratification, family counseling, and earlier recognition of PE for children undergoing cardiac surgery.
Electromigration-Aware Interconnect Design

Electromigration (EM) is seen as a growing problem in recent and upcoming technology nodes, and affects a wider variety of wires (e.g., power grid, clock/signal nets), circuits (e.g., digital, analog, mixed-signal), and systems (e.g., mobile, server, automotive), touching lower levels of metal than before. Moreover, unlike traditional EM checks that were performed on each wire individually, EM checks must evolve to consider the system-level impact of wire failure. This requires a change in how interconnect design incor- porates this effect. This paper overviews the root causes of EM, its impact on high-performance designs, and techniques for analyzing, working around, and alleviating the effects of EM.
Characterization of second-order nonlinear optical properties of two-dimensional materials (Conference Presentation)

We study the second-order nonlinear optical properties of several 2D materials through second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG). SHG signals from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) pumped at multiple fundamental wavelengths are measured and compared with theoretical analysis. We also use polarization-resolved second harmonic generation to characterize 2D materials and explore their biological applications. Using a narrow-band femtosecond laser beam and a supercontinuum, we measure the SFG of TMDs to characterize their second-order nonlinear susceptibility over a range of wavelengths.
Curcumin-Gene Expression Response in Hormone Dependent and Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells

The androgen receptor is one of the key targets for prostate cancer treatment. Despite its less satisfactory effects, chemotherapy is the most common treatment option for metastatic and/or castration-resistant patients. There are constant needs for novel anti-prostate cancer therapeutic/prevention agents. Curcumin, a known chemo-preventive agent, was shown to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. This study aimed to unravel the inhibitory effect of curcumin in prostate cancer through analyzing the alterations of expressions of curcumin targeting genes clusters in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells and androgen-independent metastatic C4-2B cells. Hierarchical clustering showed the highest number of differentially expressed genes at 12 h post treatment in both cells, suggesting that the androgen-dependent/independent manner of curcumin impacts on prostate cancer cells. Evaluation of significantly regulated top canonical pathways highlighted that Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Wingless-related integration site (Wnt), Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PIK3/AKT(PKB)/mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling were primarily inhibited, and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis pathways were elevated with curcumin treatment. The short term (3–24 h) and long term (48 h) effect of curcumin treatment revealed 31 and four genes modulated in both cell lines. TGF-β signaling, including the androgen/TGF-β inhibitor Prostate transmembrane protein androgen-induced 1 (PMEPA1), was the only pathway impacted by curcumin treatment after 48 h. Our findings also established that MYC Proto-Oncogene, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) Transcription Factor (MYC) signaling was down-regulated in curcumin-treated cell lines. This study established, for the first time, novel gene-networks and signaling pathways confirming the chemo-preventive and cancer-growth inhibitory nature of curcumin as a natural anti-prostate cancer compound.
Hyperphosphatemia with low FGF7 and normal FGF23 and sFRP4 levels in the circulation characterizes pediatric hypophosphatasia.

Abstract Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn-error-of-metabolism caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) of the ALPL gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP in healthy individuals is on cell surfaces richly in bone, liver, and kidney. Thus, TNSALP natural substrates accumulate extracellularly in HPP, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystal formation and growth. Superabundance of extracellular PPi (ePPi) in HPP impairs mineralization of bones and teeth, often leading to rickets during childhood and osteomalacia in adult life and to tooth loss at any age. HPP's remarkably broad-ranging severity is largely explained by nearly four hundred typically missense mutations throughout the ALPL gene that are transmitted as an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. In the clinical laboratory, the biochemical hallmark of HPP is low serum ALP activity (hypophosphatasemia). However, our experience indicates that hyperphosphatemia from increased renal reclamation of filtered inorganic phosphate (Pi) is also common. Herein, from our prospective single-center study, we document throughout the clinical spectrum of non-lethal pediatric HPP that hyperphosphatemia reflects increased renal tubular threshold maximum for phosphorus adjusted for the glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR). To explore its pathogenesis, we studied mineral metabolism and quantitated circulating levels of three phosphatonins [fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), and fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7)] in 41 pediatric patients with HPP, 73 with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and 15 healthy pediatric control (CTR) subjects. The HPP and XLH cohorts had normal serum total and ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone levels (Ps > 0.10) and uncompromised glomerular filtration. In XLH, serum FGF23 was characteristically elevated (P 0.4) while FGF7 was low (P 0.8) while FGF7 was low (P Thus, hyperphosphatemia in non-lethal pediatric HPP is associated with phosphatonin insufficiency together with, as we discuss, ePPi excess and diminished renal TNSALP activity.
Chapter 13 – Aesthetics

The capacity to appreciate beauty, the aesthetic quality of objects, motions, and sounds, is a human universal: all human groups possess this competence. The capacity to produce aesthetic items is also universal: sculptors, painters, dancers, and musicians are pervasive in all human cultures and historical epochs. Appreciating aesthetic attributes goes beyond producing them in two respects. First, “artists,” producers of beauty, are only a small fraction of individuals in human groups; in contrast, “spectators” are numerous, indeed including all human beings. A second difference is that it is possible to appreciate aesthetic qualities in natural objects and events, such as a sunset or sunrise, a snow-covered mountain, a forest, or a bird's song.