cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular assessment of inoculated and indigenous bacteria in biofilms from a pilot-scale perchlorate-reducing bioreactor.

Bioremediation of perchlorate-contaminated groundwater can occur via bacterial reduction of perchlorate to chloride. Although perchlorate reduction has been demonstrated in bacterial pure cultures, little is known about the efficacy of using perchlorate-reducing bacteria as inoculants for bioremediation in the field. A pilot-scale, fixed-bed bioreactor containing plastic support medium was used to treat perchlorate-contaminated groundwater at a site in Southern California. The bioreactor was inoculated with a field-grown suspension of the perchlorate-respiring bacterium Dechlorosoma sp. strain KJ and fed groundwater containing indigenous bacteria and a carbon source amendment. Because the reactor was flushed weekly to remove accumulated biomass, only bacteria capable of growing in biofilms in the reactor were expected to survive. After 26 days of operation, perchlorate was not detected in bioreactor effluent. Perchlorate remained undetected by ion chromatography (detection limit 4 μg L−1) during 6 months of operation, after which the reactor was drained. Plastic medium was subsampled from top, middle, and bottom locations of the reactor for shipment on blue ice and storage at −80°C prior to analysis. Microbial community DNA was extracted from successive washes of thawed biofilm material for PCR-based community profiling by 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). No DNA sequences characteristic of strain KJ were recovered from any RISA bands. The most intense bands yielded DNA sequences with high similarities to Dechloromonas spp., a closely related but different genus of perchlorate-respiring bacteria. Additional sequences from RISA profiles indicated presence of representatives of the low G+C gram-positive bacteria and the Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides group. Confocal scanning laser microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were also used to examine biofilms using genus-specific 16S ribosomal RNA probes. FISH was more sensitive than RISA profiling in detecting possible survivors from the initial inoculum. FISH revealed that bacteria hybridizing to Dechlorosoma probes constituted <1% of all cells in the biofilms examined, except in the deepest portions where they represented 3–5%. Numbers of bacteria hybridizing to Dechloromonas probes decreased as biofilm depth increased, and they were most abundant at the biofilm surface (23% of all cells). These spatial distribution differences suggested persistence of low numbers of the inoculated strain Dechlorosoma sp. KJ in parts of the biofilm nearest to the plastic medium, concomitant with active colonization or growth by indigenous Dechloromonas spp. in the biofilm exterior. This study demonstrated the feasibility of post hoc analysis of frozen biofilms following completion of field remediation studies.
Structure from Motion with Known Camera Positions

The wide availability of GPS sensors is changing the landscape in the applications of structure from motion techniques for localization. In this paper, we study the problem of estimating camera orientations from multiple views, given the positions of the viewpoints in a world coordinate system and a set of point correspondences across the views. Given three or more views, the above problem has a finite number of solutions for three or more point correspondences. Given six or more views, the problem has a finite number of solutions for just two or more points. In the three-view case, we show the necessary and sufficient conditions for the three essential matrices to be consistent with a set of known baselines. We also introduce a method to recover the absolute orientations of three views in world coordinates from their essential matrices. To refine these estimates we perform a least-squares minimization on the group cross product SO(3) × SO(3) × SO(3). We report experiments on synthetic data and on data from the ICCV2005 Computer Vision Contest.
Competence and performance in child language: are children really competent to judge?

The notion of competence as it applies to child language is critically assessed in the light of evidence collected from a number of linguistic performances which share the same word-order rule. These performances – production, comprehension, judgment and correction – parallel Moravcsik's (1969) formulation of Chomsky's criteria for tacit knowledge of a rule, i.e. competence. It was found that these criteria are not all satisfied until the child is four or five years old, as the performances appear at very different points in time. Alternative criteria for tacit knowledge are suggested, with specific models of each performance replacing a general model of competence for early child speech.
Sirtuins, Healthspan, and Longevity in Mammals

The seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1–SIRT7) are NAD+-dependent enzymes involved in a broad range of cellular pathways relevant to energy metabolism, cellular stress responses, genomic stability, and tumorigenesis. While SIRT1 has been at the forefront of sirtuin research, functional insights regarding SIRT2–SIRT7 are rapidly accumulating. There is now a large literature demonstrating that mammalian sirtuins suppress a variety of age-associated pathologies to promote healthspan. Also, new evidence reveals that increased expression of SIRT1 or SIRT6 extends mouse lifespan. Pharmacologic targeting of sirtuins—either directly with specific activators or indirectly with interventions to boost cellular NAD+ levels—has been proposed as one means of treating or preventing age-associated disease. This chapter summarizes the interactions between sirtuins and the common diseases of aging, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration.
Taking higher order thinking seriously: Using Marzano’s taxonomy in the economics classroom

This paper argues for the need for instructors to more intentionally foster higher order thinking skills in economics students, as these skills lend themselves to longer-lasting, more transferable knowledge. This paper proposes the use of Marzano’s taxonomy to aid in this endeavor. It provides a clear functional delineation between lower- and higher-order thinking, and serves as a natural way to systematically build a course around incrementally building up student thinking skills. We outline how it was used in course design for drafting student learning outcomes (SLOs), creating assessments for a Principles of Economics course, and leveraging it as a tool to provide more targeted feedback for students. Preliminary observations on the impact on student learning are presented.
Glutamine Supplementation and Helicobacter pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection of the stomach is associated with mucosal injury and ulceration, inflammation that increases over time with concomitant pro-inflammatory cytokine production, defects in tight junction barrier function, abnormal repair mechanisms, and an increase in epithelial cell death and proliferation. Due to the potent gastroprotective properties of l-glutamine (Gln), this amino acid has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent during H. pylori infection. Gln may also be an attractive alternative therapy because of increasingly antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the adverse effects of eradication regimes on esophageal homeostasis. Animal studies done to test this idea, however, suggest that supplemental Gln affects, both positively and negatively, mucosal pathogenesis and disease outcome. Further confounding the use of supplemental Gln in H. pylori infection is Gln metabolism by H. pylori itself, which is robust and is utilized to support cell survival mechanisms, colonization, and growth of the organism. Constitutive Gln metabolism by H. pylori contributes to the production of ammonia/ammonium (AA), which is one of the cellular cytotoxins liberated during infection. Long-term exposure to AA in the absence of infection induces cell injury and mucosal atrophy, and increases inflammation in vivo.
Effects of Infection by Belonolaimus longicaudatus on Rooting Dynamics among St. Augustinegrass and Bermudagrass Genotypes.

Understanding rooting dynamics using the minirhizotron technique is useful for cultivar selection and to quantify nematode damage to roots. A 2-yr microplot study including five bermudagrass (‘Tifway’, Belonolaimus longicaudatus susceptible; two commercial cultivars [TifSport and Celebration] and two genotypes [‘BA132’ and ‘PI 291590’], which have been reported to be tolerant to B. longicaudatus) and two St. Augustinegrass (‘FX 313’, susceptible, and ‘Floratam’ that was reported as tolerant to B. longicaudatus) genotypes in a 5 x 2 and 2 x 2 factorial design with four replications, respectively, was initiated in 2012. Two treatments included were uninoculated and B. longicaudatus inoculated. In situ root images were captured each month using a minirhizotron camera system from April to September of 2013 and 2014. Mixed models analysis and comparison of least squares means indicated significant differences in root parameters studied across the genotypes and soil depths of both grass species. ‘Celebration’, ‘TifSport’ and ‘PI 291590’ bermudagrass, and ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass had significantly different root parameters compared to the corresponding susceptible genotypes (P # 0.05). Only ‘TifSport’ had no significant root loss when infested with B. longicaudatus compared to non-infested. ‘Celebration’ and ‘PI 291590’ had significant root loss but retained significantly greater root densities than ‘ Tifway’ in B. longicaudatus-infested conditions (P # 0.05). Root lengths were greater at the 0 to 5 cm depth followed by 5 to 10 and 10 to 15 cm of vertical soil depth for both grass species (P# 0.05). ‘Celebration’, ‘TifSport’, and ‘PI 291590’ had better root vigor against B. longicaudatus compared to Tifway.
Metabolic effects of smoking cessation

Theodore Friedman and colleagues discuss the metabolic effects of smoking cessation, focusing mainly on post-cessation weight gain. The authors highlight considerations for future smoking-cessation programs and therapies, which should be designed with an emphasis on reducing post-cessation weight gain.
On the system-theoretic passivity properties of a hill muscle model

The paper describes passivity-related input-output properties of a human muscle and tendon system given by a Hill type dynamic model. For a model having muscle contraction velocity as the input and force as the output, it is shown that the system is passive during the concentric phase. Also, it is shown that a negative strict passivity margin exists for the eccentric phase if the length and lengthening velocity of the contractile element are assumed bounded. Estimates of this margin are given by means of two alternative formulas. Further, it is shown that the mapping from contraction velocity to deviation from equilibrium force is passive in both concentric and eccentric phases. The paper discusses how these findings and the passivity theorem can be used to design controllers for a machine coupled to the muscle model by feedback interconnection. The simple case of a proportional-derivative force feedback regulator is considered as an example. A simulation example is given where the transient response of the coupled system crosses the eccentric region.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Mortality of Adult Stable Flies

Survival curves for adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), held at selected temperatures in the laboratory, tended to be linear: higher temperatures reduced the avg and maximum life. A comparison of these data to field data for length of adult life indicated that a portion of stable-fly mortality was dependent on age, which resulted in the linear survival curves and a uniform probability distribution for life. In simulated field tests, much of the mortality was independent of age, which resulted in an exponential probability distribution for life. The 2 types of mortality were both described in a single model.
Depolarization of laser beams in turbulence

Parabolic equation for propagation of the coherence tensor through turbulence accounting for the multiple scattering effects are derived under Markov approximation. It can be reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations and solved analytically for homogeneous waves or as perturbation series for short radiation wavelength.
INTEGRATION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM AND PANEL DESIGN PROGRAM

Integration of global and local analyses for structural optimization is a challenging task for designers. While computational costs are still a big hurdle for integrating local-global analysis in design optimization, additional difficulties are posed by the need to use a variety of codes or programs to perform the analysis. The paper presents a problem that required the use of two separate programs for the local and global analyses for a laminate composite liquid hydrogen tank structure optimized for minimum weight. The global and local analysis programs are integrated using constraint approximations. Both local linear approximations and more global response surface approximations are used. Optimization results of the two schemes are presented and relative merits discussed.
CORNEA TRANSPLANTATION. STATUS OF DONOR TISSUES.

In most types of blindness, the penetrating graft is necessary. The lamellar graft is most useful in treating progressive corneal disease not amenable to medical therapy and in reconstructing a cornea damaged by injury or chemical burns.Because of inadequate procurement of donor eyes and lack of a method of long-term preservation for fresh corneas, with viability maintained, corneal tissue for penetrating cornea grafting is in short supply throughout the world.Corneas can be preserved indefinitely at room temperature and can be used successfully for lamellar grafting.
Bioengineering, Science Fiction, and Medical Ethics: How Goes the Flow?

Because of their ability to foresee the future, artists and writers have famously been called "the antennae of the race" by 20th-century poet Ezra Pound. Whether writers, especially those described as science-fiction (SF) writers, inspire bioengineers with their depictions of imaginary futures or whether bioengineers with their inventions inspire SF writers may not always be clear. However goes the flow of ideas, the efforts of SF writers often point to new and challenging issues in medical ethics before others have identified them. In this short presentation, I will give examples of ways in which SF writers see the future concerns and ethical dilemmas that will be created by breakthrough cybernetic technologies such as cardiac pacemakers, artificial replacement organs, and implanted computer chips. The triumphs of bioengineering can lead from relatively straightforward ethical questions, such as whether bioengineered devices should be turned off or removed and, if so, in what circumstances, to profound philosophical questions about what it means to be human and how much human body can be mechanically altered without ushering in transhumanist and posthumanist futures. In concluding, I will consider how SF stories might best be used in the education of bioengineers to help alert them to the far-reaching philosophical and ethical dimensions of their work.
INDEX WEIGHT ANALYSIS OF DRUG SAFETY MONITORING AWARENESS ASSESSMENT INDEX SYSTEM FOR DRUG- PRODUCING ENTERPRISES STAFF

Objective: To calculate the weight of drug safety monitoring awareness assessment index system for drug- producing enterprises staff. Methods: On the basis of a previous modified Delphi method,we constructed the framework of drug safety monitoring awareness assessment for drug- producing enterprises and obtained weights of each index,normalization method and combination method were used to determine weights.Results: The authoritative coefficient,determination coefficient and familiarity coefficient was 0. 81,0. 75 and 0. 86,respectively. The normalization weights and combination weights of indicator system of drug safety monitoring awareness assessment for drug- producing enterprises staff which consisted of 5 first- dimensions,18 second- dimensions and 19 third- dimensions were determined. Conclusion: The normalization method and combination method were used to calculate the weight of the drug safety monitoring awareness assessment index system for drug- producing enterprises, the objective and subjective aspects of indexes are taken into account in this method,and a relatively reasonable weight value may be obtained by combining the expert judgment and the objective analysis.
Static and dynamic characterization of GaN HEMT with low inductance vertical phase leg design for high frequency high power applications

In this paper, detailed static characterization of the new 650 V/ 30 A GaN device from GaN Systems is presented. The on-resistance and output capacitance of this device are considerably low making GaN a viable option for high switching frequency (in the range of MHz) medium power applications (> 3 kW). A comprehensive examination of device characteristics and variation of device parasitics depending on operating conditions is presented. Due to the high slew rate of these devices, it is important to incorporate galvanic isolation between gate driver input and output stage as recommended in GaN Systems' application note[1]. Also, the gate loop and power loop stray inductances and capacitances need to be minimized to curtail the switching noise. To achieve this, vertical power loop design with very small parasitic inductance is proposed. The dynamic characterization carried with this design shows reduction of voltage overshoot to less than half compared to the lateral power loop design from [1].
Antithrombin III and Diseases

A new procedure for quantitating antithrombin III and data collected in subsequent years from using this assay method are presented. The assay method is reliable and uncomplicate. The results obtained with this assay are independent of antithrombin II activity. Patients with a tendency to intravascular clotting and liver diseases have significantly lower antithrombin III activity than do normal people. Significantly higher levels of serum antithrombin (antithrombin III) were seen after homotransplantation of the kidney during treatment with prothrombin-depressing agents and in some patients with valvular heart disease. Antithrombin III times of 32 normal persons of both sexes ranged from 19-69 seconds with an average of 38.5 seconds in this assay.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Modern high-dose therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) used for the management of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) began about a decade ago. ABMT may avoid the problems of finding a suitable donor for transplantation and graft- versus-host disease while eradicating a disease or providing long-term, disease-free survival to patients. Outcome depends on the grade of the disease. Efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with high-dose therapy, to identify the optimal high-dose therapy for each histologic type of lymphoma, and to better identify those patients most likely to benefit continue.
The Effects of Pay-for-Performance Programs on Health, Health Care Use, and Processes of Care: A Systematic Review

Background The benefits of pay-for-performance (P4P) programs are uncertain. Purpose To update and expand a prior review examining the effects of P4P programs targeted at the physician, group, managerial, or institutional level on process-of-care and patient outcomes in ambulatory and inpatient settings. Data sources PubMed from June 2007 to October 2016; MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Business Economics and Theory, Business Source Elite, Scopus, Faculty of 1000, and Gartner Research from June 2007 to February 2016. Study selection Trials and observational studies in ambulatory and inpatient settings reporting process-of-care, health, or utilization outcomes. Data extraction Two investigators extracted data, assessed study quality, and graded the strength of the evidence. Data synthesis Among 69 studies, 58 were in ambulatory settings, 52 reported process-of-care outcomes, and 38 reported patient outcomes. Low-strength evidence suggested that P4P programs in ambulatory settings may improve process-of-care outcomes over the short term (2 to 3 years), whereas data on longer-term effects were limited. Many of the positive studies were conducted in the United Kingdom, where incentives were larger than in the United States. The largest improvements were seen in areas where baseline performance was poor. There was no consistent effect of P4P on intermediate health outcomes (low-strength evidence) and insufficient evidence to characterize any effect on patient health outcomes. In the hospital setting, there was low-strength evidence that P4P had little or no effect on patient health outcomes and a positive effect on reducing hospital readmissions. Limitation Few methodologically rigorous studies; heterogeneous population and program characteristics and incentive targets. Conclusion Pay-for-performance programs may be associated with improved processes of care in ambulatory settings, but consistently positive associations with improved health outcomes have not been demonstrated in any setting. Primary funding source U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
Beyond Cell Division: the Ecological Roles of Autolysins in Oral Biofilm Communities

The goal of this review is to address the complicated nature of autolysins found among oral bacteria and the roles they play within the oral biofilm. The various functions of autolysins are discussed, as well as the regulation of autolysins and overall contribution to biofilms and the oral environment. With their many functions, bacterial autolysins can be understood as contributing to both cell physiology and population dynamics within the oral environment. Cell division, peptidoglycan turnover/remodeling, fratricide, and programmed cell death are all influenced, if not controlled, by autolysins. The release of nutrients and DNA as functional byproducts of lysins can alter the biofilm by affecting the growth and overall genetic makeup of the diverse bacteria. Autolysins and their various functions contribute to biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, and the overall health of the oral cavity.
Working Memory Functions of the Prefrontal Cortex

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in many behaviors, including in situations in which actions must be guided by information that is not currently accessible in the environment. Although the construct of “working memory” is often invoked in association with the PFC, imprecise or erroneous specification of which computations relate to which aspect of anatomy or physiology has been the basis of many erroneous ideas about the functional organization of the PFC. Indeed, the manner in which working memory has been related to the PFC over the past 75 years offers several cautionary tales about the difficulty of relating brain function to behavior. This proposition is supported by consideration of data from lesions and physiological measurements from human and nonhuman primates.
Why a hole is like a beam splitter: A general diffraction theory for multimode quantum states of light

Within the second-quantization framework, we develop a formalism for describing a spatially multimode optical field diffracted through a spatial mask and show that this process can be described as an effective interaction between various spatial modes. We demonstrate a method to calculate the quantum state in the diffracted optical field for any given quantum state in the incident field. We also give several additional examples of how the theory works, for various quantum input states, which may be easily tested in the laboratory, including two single-mode squeezed vacuums, single- and two-photon inputs, where we show that the diffraction process produces a two-mode squeezed vacuum, number-path entanglement, and a Hong-Ou-Mandel-like effect analogous to that of a beam splitter.
A Comprehensive Characterization of Parameters Affecting High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Lesions

Several focal therapies are being investigated clinically to treat tumors in which surgery is contraindicated. Many of these ablation techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation, rely on thermal damage mechanisms which can put critical nerves or vasculature at risk. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a minimally invasive, non-thermal technique to destroy tumors. A series of short electric pulses create nanoscale defects in the cell membrane, eventually leading to cell death. Typical IRE protocols deliver a series of 50–100 µs monopolar pulses. High frequency IRE (H-FIRE) aims to replace these monopolar pulses with integrated bursts of 0.25–10 µs bipolar pulses. Here, we examine ablations created using a broad array of IRE and H-FIRE protocols in a potato tissue phantom model. Our results show that H-FIRE pulses require a higher energy dose to create equivalent lesions to standard IRE treatment protocols. We show that ablations in potato do not increase when more than 40 H-FIRE bursts are delivered. These results show that H-FIRE treatment protocols can be optimized to produce clinically relevant lesions while maintaining the benefits of a non-thermal ablation technique.
Validation of the Older Adult Social Evaluative Scale (OASES) as a measure of social anxiety.

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) (formerly called social phobia ) is among the most common mental health diagnoses among older adults; however, the research on late-life social anxiety is scarce. A limited number of studies have examined the assessment and diagnosis of social anxiety disorder in this population, and there are few social anxiety measures that are validated for use with older adults. One such measure, the Older Adult Social Evaluative Scale (OASES), was designed for use with this population, but until now has lacked validation against a gold-standard diagnostic interview. Methods: Using a sample of 47 community-dwelling older adults (aged 60 years and over) with anxiety, the present study compared OASES performance to that of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5), as well as other measures of anxiety and depression. Results: The OASES demonstrated convergent validity with other measures of anxiety, and demonstrated discriminant validity on other measures (e.g. depression, somatic symptoms). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that a cut-point of ≥76 optimized sensitivity and specificity compared to SCID-5 derived diagnoses of social anxiety disorder. Conclusions: This study is the first study to provide psychometric validation for the OASES and one of the first to administer the SCID-5 to an older adult sample. In addition to establishing a clinically significant cut-off, this study also describes the clinical utility of the OASES, which can be used to identify distressing situations, track anxiety severity, and monitor behavioral avoidance across a variety of social situations.
Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK-cells: A single-institution review with emphasis on relative utility of multimodality diagnostic tools.

Background Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK-cells (CLPD-NK) manifests as a persistent increase (≥2 × 109 /L, for > 6 months) of mature NK-cells in peripheral blood with an indolent clinical course. The disease is rare, and only limited case series have been published. Methods We retrospectively studied 11 patients with CLPD-NK diagnosed at our institution between 2005 and 2017. Results Patients included 7 men and 4 women with a median age of 60 years (range, 25-89 years). Ten patients (91%) had cytopenias. Bone marrow involvement by CLPD-NK ranged from 5-15%. The most commonly detected antigenic aberrancies by low cytometry immunophenotyping were as follows: CD7decreased/dim (30%), CD8uniform+ (36%), CD56-/partial (73%), CD94bright (55%), and KIR restriction (100%). JAK/STAT pathway mutations were detected in 8 of 10 (80%) patients and involved STAT3 (n = 7) and JAK3 (n = 1). The presence of mutations tended to correlate with the occurrence of other cytopenias (anemia/thrombocytopenia) and requirement for treatment. Seven patients received single-agent therapy, with amelioration of symptoms; 4 patients were observed. There were no disease-associated deaths or progression to more aggressive disease during the follow-up interval (median, 17 months). Conclusions Patients with CLPD-NK have an indolent clinical course and frequent hematologic manifestations that are responsive to single-agent therapy. Mutations in STAT3 are common and portend more pronounced clinical manifestations.
Error Analysis of an Incremental Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Algorithm for PDE Simulation Data

Abstract In our earlier work Fareed et al. (2018), we proposed an incremental SVD algorithm with respect to a weighted inner product to compute the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of a set of simulation data for a partial differential equation (PDE) without storing the data. In this work, we perform an error analysis of the incremental SVD algorithm. We also modify the algorithm to incrementally update both the SVD and an error bound when a new column of data is added. We show the algorithm produces the exact SVD of an approximate data matrix, and the operator norm error between the approximate and exact data matrices is bounded above by the computed error bound. This error bound also allows us to bound the error in the incrementally computed singular values and singular vectors. We illustrate our analysis with numerical results for three simulation data sets from a 1D FitzHugh–Nagumo PDE system with various choices of the algorithm truncation tolerances.
Copy-Move Forgery Detection Based on Local Gabor Wavelets Patterns

Nowadays digital images are more and more easily to be modified or tampered intentionally by most people due to the rapid development of powerful image processing software. Various methods of digital image forgery exist, such as image splicing, copy-move forgery, and image retouching. Copy-move is one of the typical image forgery methods, in which a part of an image is duplicated and used to replace another part of the same image at a different location. In this paper, we proposed a block-based passive detect copy-move forgery detection method based on local Gabor wavelets patterns (LGWP) with the advantages of high performance texture analysis of Gabor filter and rotation-invariant ability of uniform local binary pattern (LBP). Experiment results demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to detect copy-move forgery and precisely locate the duplicated regions, even when the forgery images are distorted by JPEG compression, blurring, brightness adjustment and rotation.
Leading in the New Academic Library . Becky Albitz, Christine Avery, and Diane Zabel, eds. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited. 2017. 195p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-5113-1).

Leading in the New Academic Library , edited by Becky Albitz, Christine Avery, and Diane Zabel, provides a good entry-level primer on the state and types of leadership facing the contemporary academic library. The book is divided into two large sections. The first section is entitled “Challenges and Opportunities.” Within this section are ten chapters that deal with a variety of issues loosely related to new challenges and opportunities. Some of these opportunities include the changing nature of the library and both its physical and organizational structures. One of the more intriguing chapters in this section, written by Joseph Fennewald, is entitled “Academic Libraries Reimagined: How Facilities Are Changing to Support New Services.” This chapter is an interesting elucidation of the ways in which the academic library’s physical structure has changed over time. The author does a good job of connecting the evolution of the academic mission to the changes that have occurred within the library over this evolutionary period. The other chapters in this section follow the themes of challenge and opportunities and deal with topics including new roles for staff and librarians in the changing academic library. The section closes with two chapters that discuss the importance of collaborative work environments.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Short-Term Sustainability of the Locally Grown Produce Initiative of the Hunger Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program in New York State.

Context The Hunger Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program (HPNAP) is a New York State Department of Health program. The HPNAP improves nutritional quality of food available at food banks, food pantries, soup kitchens, and emergency shelters through contractual relationships to fund the purchase, delivery, storage, and service of nutritious food. Objective To determine whether a one-time fiscal stimulus of the Locally Grown Produce Initiative to HPNAP contractors in 2012-2013 would result in a short-term sustainable increase in the proportion of dollars spent on New York State Grown (NYSG) produce. Design Quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design. We analyzed New York State Department of Health administrative data regarding expenditures on all produce and NYSG produce by HPNAP contractors. Setting New York State. Outcome measures The proportion of dollars spent on NYSG produce during 2011-2012 (preintervention) and 2013-2014 (postintervention) was compared between HPNAP food bank contractors (recipients of stimulus money, n = 8) and non-food bank contractors (nonrecipients, n = 34) using nonparametric methods. Results The HPNAP Locally Grown Produce Initiative was associated with an increased proportion of NYSG produce spending by food bank contractors that received a fiscal stimulus 1 year later. Upstate food banks had the largest increase (median 31.6%) among all HPNAP contractors. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that the Locally Grown Produce Initiative fiscal stimulus had a positive, year-long and statewide effect on the proportion of expenditure on NYSG produce by food banks. We hope that the initial success seen in New York State may encourage other states to adopt similar initiatives in future.
HIV-Related Stigmatization and Medication Adherence: Indirect Effects of Disclosure Concerns and Depression.

Background Stigmatization due to HIV status may interfere with disease management among persons living with HIV (PLWHA) by heightening serostatus disclosure concerns and vulnerability to depressive symptoms. Purpose In this cross-sectional study, indirect effects of disclosure concerns and depressive symptoms were examined for the association of stigma to treatment adherence (medication and clinic appointment adherence) in an outpatient sample of PLWHA. Method Participants (N = 179; 47% White, 41% African-American; 35% MSM) completed measures of stigma-related experiences, concerns about disclosing HIV status, depression, and medication adherence; clinic appointment attendance was obtained from chart data. Results Stigma had an indirect effect on medication adherence (but not clinic attendance) via disclosure concerns. Stigma had indirect effects on both medication adherence and clinic attendance via depressive symptoms. In path analyses including both disclosure concerns and depressive symptoms, combined indirect effects emerged for both medication adherence and clinic attendance. There was a significant indirect pathway from stigma to disclosure concerns to depression to clinic attendance, whereas the positioning of the mediators was swapped for the significant indirect pathway from stigma to medication adherence. Conclusions These analyses provide evidence that stigmatizing experiences negatively affect treatment adherence through the indirect effects of disclosure concerns and depressive symptoms. Disclosure concerns and depressive symptoms are two mechanisms worthy of further research to enhance understanding of the association between stigma and treatment adherence difficulties.
Internalization and degradation of EGF receptor

Activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) at the cell surface results in acceleration of endocytosis of the receptor and rapid degradation of endocytosed receptors in lysosomes. The elevated internalization and lysosomal targeting result in down-regulation of the EGFR, which negatively regulates signaling by the receptor. This review describes the molecular mechanisms involved in EGFR trafficking, which lead to growth-factor-induced receptor down-regulation.
Complement-Equivalence Classes on Graphs

A complementation operation on a vertex of a digraph changes all outgoing edges into nonedges, and outgoing nonedges into edges. A similar operation is defined for incoming edges. This defines an equivalence relation where two graphs are equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by a sequence of such operations. We show that given an adjacency-list representation of a digraph G, many fundamental graph algorithms can be carried out on any member of G's equivalence class in O(size(G)) time. We use this fact to obtain a simple O(n+mlogn) algorithm for modular decomposition of undirected graphs.
Types of Meaning Compared

This chapter compares the three methods for assessing meaning: dictionary definitions, collocates, and word associations. Pairs of methods for assessing meaning specify some of the same identities in every institutional domain. Analysis of collocates provides definitions of institutional domains that are most shared with results from other methods. All three methods yield the same results as follows: economy, six identities; family, sixteen identities; religion, ten identities; polity, fifteen identities; law, five identities; education, eight identities; medicine, three identities; sport, three identities; arts, four identities. Thus all three methods of assessing meaning portray the same institutional domains, though each method has unique specifications. This chapter also attends to how results regarding gender and race fare across methods and to emergence of similar identity components with two but not all three methods. Finally, it is noted that some identity words do not load on any institutional component, regardless of the method for assessing meaning.
Abstract P323: TMEM16A and TMEM16B Contribute to Mice Cholecystokinin Response in Sex-Specific Manner

High fat diet (HFD) leads to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. However, the effect are less pronounced in females than in males. We suggest that a gender difference is in their response to the sa...
Divine authority and the virtue of religion: a Thomistic response to Murphy

In his book, An Essay on Divine Authority, Mark Murphy argues that God does not have practical authority over created, rational agents. Although Murphy mentions the possibility of an argument for divine authority from justice, he does not consider any. In this paper, I develop such an argument from Aquinas’s treatment of the virtue of religion and other parts of justice. The divine excellence is due honor, and, as Aquinas argues, honoring a ruler requires service and obedience. Thus, a classical conception of God coupled with some of Aquinas’s theses concerning justice show that God has practical authority over all created, rational agents.
Translational Medicine Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder with complicated, multifactorial pathophysiology that remains poorly understood. The past two decades of AD research have been marked by numerous attempts at developing therapies, which have resulted in five approved agents and multiple failures. All of the five agents represent symptomatic treatments. Disease-modifying drugs that slow down neurodegeneration and clinical progression have been an area of particular interest and active research but have been associated with uniform failure. The last 16 putative disease-modifying agents failed to meet the primary efficacy objective in Phase 3 trials, the most resource intense and expensive stage of development. While these failures in part are due to our incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, they also reflect many challenges with designing and executing clinical development programs for such potential disease-modifying therapies. In the disease modification area, the interest has moved to patients with early stages of AD, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD or prodromal AD and mild AD dementia, when neuronal damage is still limited and a clinical meaningful change in the underlying neurodegenerative process and the corresponding clinical state is still possible. At the same time, these early disease stages are characterized by difficult to identify heterogeneous target populations, slow disease progression, and uncertain outcome measures that often lack the necessary sensitivity to establish clinical efficacy. Putative disease-modifying agents have been moving from small Phase 1 studies to large and long Phase 2b/3 trials in which failure is particularly costly and may be due to deficiencies in designs and not necessarily inherent lack of efficacy for an investigational agent. In this chapter, we address issues of trial efficiency that have become key to the development of AD therapies and, particularly, disease-modifying therapies. We review innovative trial designs and new clinical outcomes, which the AD field is bringing forward. We examine each of these components by focusing on select examples from recently completed or ongoing development programs, including more flexible adaptive trial designs and new clinical outcomes, such as composite scores and performance-based functional tools. These new methodologies hold the promise for trials that are likely to obtain evidence of success or failure earlier in a development program and to provide more robust investigations of putative therapeutic agents.
Excitation functions for complex fragment emission in the E/A =20-100 MeV 14N+natAg, 197Au reactions.

Excitation functions have been measured for complex fragments with atomic number Z=3--15 emitted in collisions of E/A=20--100 MeV $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ ions with targets of $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Ag}$ and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$. The results are analyzed in terms of a three-source model which includes: projectilelike fragments from peripheral processes, nonequilibrium emission, and statistical decay of fully equilibrated compound nuclei. Nonequilibrium emission of complex fragments is found to increase rapidly relative to equilibrium emission up to E/A\ensuremath{\approxeq}60 MeV and then remain approximately constant thereafter. Evidence for enhanced production of heavier intermediate-mass fragments is found in the data for reactions with the $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Ag}$ target at energies above E/A\ensuremath{\approxeq}60 MeV. Fit parameters for the equilibrium and nonequilibrium sources are examined. In particular, it is observed that the temperature parameter for nonequilibrium emission of complex fragments is independent of bombarding energy up to E/A=100 MeV.
3-DoF Wearable, Pneumatic Haptic Device to Deliver Normal, Shear, Vibration, and Torsion Feedback

Haptic devices worn on the forearm have the ability to provide communication while freeing the user’s hands for manipulation tasks. We introduce a multi-modal haptic device with a rigid rotational housing and three soft fiber-constrained linear pneumatic actuators. Soft pneumatic actuators are used because of their compliance, light weight, and simplicity, while rigid components provide robust and precise control. The soft pneumatic actuators provide linear horizontal and vertical movements, and the rigid housing, affixed to a motor, provides rotational movement of the tactor. The device can produce normal, shear, vibration, and torsion skin deformation cues by combining the movement of the soft pneumatic actuators with the rotational housing. The tactor is able to provide a shear force of up to 0.47 N and a normal force of up to 1.3 N. To elucidate the physical design principle and the actuation strategy, the static force and displacement of the soft tactor are modeled as a function of material, design parameters, and pressure. The models were validated experimentally.
Estimating Asthma, Myocardial Infarction, and Heart Failure Hospitalizations and Emergency Room Visits in New York City from PM2.5 Exposure Using a Bayesian Modeling Approach

Fine particulate matter has been shown to influence the frequency and severity of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and also increases inflammatory proteins and heart rate variability (HRV)....
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During the period following October 1979 through 1982, the U.S. Federal Reserve allowed interest rates to fluctuate widely, in contrast to its previous policy of targeting these rates in the 1970. The policy was abandoned in 1982 in favor of an operating procedure that reduced the variation in interest rates. This paper implements an estimation method to identify from the term structure of Eurodollar returns the market's beliefs that the Fed may revert to interest rate targeting. The model is not rejected and gives plausible estimates of the probability of a switch in monetary regimes.
First records of Trichocircus Jałoszyński and Protandroconnus Franz in Mexico, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae).

Trichocircus and Protandroconnus are Neotropical genera of Glandulariini characterized, among other features, by unusual male cephalic modifications. The recently described Trichocircus comprises three species distributed in Panama and Costa Rica, and Protandroconnus includes one species, known to occur in Peru. Both genera are recorded as new for Mexico, and two new species are described: Trichocircus mexicanus sp. n., and Protandroconnus akeratophorus sp.n. The latter is unusual in lacking the frontal 'horn' known for the type species of Protandroconnus; instead the head of male bears a peculiar transverse impression.
Azole-Resistant Aspergillus and Echinocandin-Resistant Candida: What Are the Treatment Options?

This review summarizes current treatment options for echinocandin-resistant Candida spp. (ERC) and azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF), emphasizing recent in vitro/in vivo data, clinical reports, and consensus statements. Advances in ERC and ARAF treatment are limited to specific antifungal combinations and dose optimization but remain reliant on amphotericin products. Although novel antifungals may provide breakthroughs in the treatment of resistant fungi, these agents are not yet available. Early identification and appropriate treatment remain a paramount, albeit elusive, task. When either ERC or ARAF are suspected or proven, amphotericin products remain the cornerstone of initial therapy. For ERC, azoles are de-escalation options for susceptible isolates in stable patients to avoid amphotericin toxicities. Although combination echinocandin with high-dose salvage posaconazole or isavuconazole may be attempted in ARAF, it requires careful consideration following patient stabilization. Future research defining optimal therapies and early identification of ERC and ARAF is of extreme importance.