cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doing what works in brief and intermittent therapy

This article describes the principles and techniques of strategic solution focused therapy, an approach that emphasizes 'doing what works and changing what doesn't'. strategic therapy and solution focused therapy, the strategic solution focused therapist helps clients to clarify the primary complaint, to elaborate a solution scenario and to evaluate attempted solutionssuccessful and unsuccessful. Three-part interventions are designed to provide validation, compliments, and suggestions to amplify what works and to change what does not. Guidelines are suggested for the clinician regarding when to emphasize particular components of the model and when to shift the focus. Combining the principles of brief
Some empirical observations on sound level properties of recorded piano tones.

Preliminary to an attempt at measuring the relative intensities of overlapping tones in acoustically recorded piano music, this study investigated whether the relative peak sound levels of recorded piano tones can be reliably inferred from the levels of their two lowest harmonics, measured in the spectrum near tone onset. Acoustic recordings of single tones were obtained from two computer‐controlled mechanical pianos, one upright (Yamaha MX100A Disclavier) and one concert grand (Bosendorfer 290SE), at a range of pitches and hammer velocities. Electronic recordings from a digital piano (Roland RD250S), which were free of mechanical and sound transmission factors, were included for comparison. It was found that, on all three instruments, the levels of the lowest two harmonics (in dB) near tone onset generally increased linearly with the peak root‐mean‐square (rms) level (in dB) as hammer velocity was varied for any given pitch. The slope of this linear function was fairly constant across midrange pitches (C...
Ophthalmologic manifestations in pediatric patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Introduction: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory syndrome affecting the central nervous system that often is associated with para-infectious causes. Optic neuritis is a common feature of this demyelinating disease, and a paucity of data regarding this entity exists in the ophthalmologic literature. Methods: We describe 10 pediatric patients with ADEM who presented at our institution between 1995 and 2003. Results: Six of these patients had optic neuritis, with visual acuities in the affected eyes ranging from 20/30 to light perception. Five of those with optic neuritis had bilateral disease. All patients were treated with high-dose methylprednisolone, and 4 of these patients had recovered with a visual acuity of 20/40 or better in the affected eyes. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and final visual acuities were not available. Nine of 10 patients had an identifiable preceding viral illness or immunization. Conclusions: ADEM is a known cause of optic neuritis in children and should be considered by the ophthalmologist treating this population of patients. All patients in this series were treated with high-dose intravenous steroids followed by an oral steroid taper and/or intravenous immunoglobulin. Final visual outcomes were favorable in all patients.
High-throughput identification of genetic interactions in HIV-1.

A study characterizes the in vitro replicative capacity of over 70,000 clinical isolates of HIV-1 in the absence of drugs, or in the presence of one of 15 individual drugs. The largest survey of the effects of mutations on fitness undertaken in any organism, this study finds extensive pairwise interactions among over 1,800 variable sites identified through sequencing the protease and reverse transcriptase genes.
Thermodynamic stability of thin ferroelectric films

Abstract It is shown that the residual depolarization field in a ferroelectric thin film which arises from the incomplete cancellation of polarization and compensation charge in a semiconducting electrode, introduces modifications in the spontaneous polarization and transition temperature. It is also found that below a certain critical thickness the ferroelectric polar state is thermodynamically unstable. For triglycine sulphate the critical thickness is calculated to be 0.4 μm.
Effects of medial hypothalamic lesions on the lordosis response and other behaviors in female golden hamsters

Abstract The lordosis response in ovariectomized, hormone-primed females was measured in repeated weekly tests before and after bilateral lesions of various medial hypothalamic regions. Changes in body weight, frequency of vaginal marking, and agonistic behavior were also recorded. Forty-two females were divided into five groups based on lesion location: (1) medial preoptic (MPO), (2) medial anterior hypothalamus (MAH), (3) dorsomedial nucleus-dorsal premammillary nucleus (DM-DPM), (4) dorsal ventromedial nucleus (Dorsal VMN), (5) medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). Unoperated control females were tested in an identical manner. Only lesions in the region of the ventromedial nucleus eliminated lordosis. Lesions which disrupted lordosis also increased agonistic behavior in male-female pairs. The frequency of vaginal marking was reduced by lesions in the MPO, MAH, and Dorsal VMN groups. Rapid weight increases and obesity were also seen following certain medial hypothalamic lesions, however no significant correlations were found between degree of weight change and degree of lordosis deficit. A quantitative analysis of VMN damage revealed a relatively low, but statistically significant positive correlation between degree of VMN damage and lordosis deficits. There were no significant correlations between degree of VMN damage and weight change.
Electrochemistry and Catalysis with Myoglobin in Hydrated Poly(ester sulfonic acid) Ionomer Films

Thin films made from the ionomer poly(ester sulfonic acid) Eastman AQ38 and the protein myoglobin (Mb) on pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes formed stable hydrated gels in water. While interactions between Mb and the ionomer undoubtedly control retention of the protein, Soret absorbance band positions suggest that Mb retains a conformation similar to the native state in the medium pH range. Cyclic voltammograms were reproducible for several months when Mb−AQ38 films were stored dry or immersed in aqueous buffer. The formal potential of Mb heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) in AQ films shifted −50 mV/pH between pH 4 and 10, suggesting that one electron and one proton are involved in the electrochemical reaction. Square wave voltammograms of Mb in the AQ films were fit by nonlinear regression analysis using a model featuring dispersion of formal potentials. The effective electron transfer rate between PG electrodes and the iron heme of Mb in AQ38 films was comparable to those in surfactant films, but much faster than on b...
Unmanned ground vehicle navigation in coordinate-free and localization-free Wireless Sensor and Acutuator Networks

In this paper, we present an algorithm for navigating an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) through coordinate-free Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks. The navigation algorithm proceeds in two phases. In the first phase, for each node in the sensor network we compute a hop-level distance from the target node, which indicates the number of communication hops between the node and any destination nodes. In the second phase, sets of nodes are chosen sequentially to induce potential fields that drive the UGV towards the destination. Overall, a hop-distance from the destination nodes is assigned to control main navigation direction while potential fields monitored by listeners on the UGV are employed to determine the UGV's movement. The major contribution of this paper is that our algorithm does not attempt to localize either the UGV or sensor nodes. Therefore, this navigation algorithm overcomes limitations of traditional navigation methods.
Interactive visualization and manipulation of 3-D reconstructions for the planning of surgical procedures

The requirements for 3-D reconstructions to be useful in a clinical environment include availability of the imaging and computing hardware; sophisticated and user-friendly software that can be used by physicians or technicians; robust data that can be efficiently segmented into clinically relevant structures; interactive speed; and the ability to manipulate the visualized structures for the simulation of surgical procedures. We have developed an efficient hardware, software, and application environment that fulfills these requirements and have initiated testing of its performance.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On nonlinear aspects of hypersonic boundary-layer stability

References Wu, Y., Brokaw, C., and Brennen, C. (eds.), Swimming and Flying in Nature. Plenum Press, New York, 1975. Wood, C. J. and Kirmani, S. F. A., "Visualization of Heaving Airfoil Wakes Including the Effect of a Jet Flap," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 41, April 1970, pp. 627-640. Oshima, Y. and Oshima, K., "Vortical Flow Behind an Oscillating Airfoil," International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Proceedings of the 15th International Congress, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1980, pp. 357-368. Bublitz, P., "Geschichte der Entwicklung der Aeroelastik in Deutschland von den Anfa'ngen bis 1945," Deutsche Forschungs-und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft-und Raumfahrt, Gottingen, Federal Republic of Germany, DFVLR-Mitt. 86-25, 1986. Freymuth, P., "The Vortex Patterns of Dynamic Separation: A Parametric and Comparative Study," Progress in Aerospace Science, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1985, pp. 161-208. DePinto, J., Forbes, J., Lee, M., Molloy, M., Roberts, B., Shannon, D., and Somerville, R., "Investigation of a Plunging Airfoil as a Model of Natural Propulsion," Univ. of Colorado, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Boulder, CO, Internal Rept., May 1987.
Selecting Statistical Clerks with the Minnesota Clerical Test

Summary Of 537 applicants for work as a statistical clerk over a 25-year period, 141 were employed (108 females, 33 males) and 396 were not. Job performance ratings were obtained for 109 of those hired; the estimated reliability of the ratings was .91. The Minnesota Clerical Test had been administered to all applicants and considered in the decision to hire or not to hire. As would be expected, large differences on both the “numbers” and “names” parts of the test were observed between the accepted and rejected applicants. For the 109 employed and rated clerks the numbers score correlated .23 with the criterion, and the names score correlated .29. A predictive equation derived by regression analysis was defined as follows: .51 names + .27 numbers - 53.19. Scores computed according to this equation correlated .31 with the performance ratings. When corrected for attenuation of range in the selected sample, this coefficient increased to .38.
ZEB1 expression in type I vs type II endometrial cancers : a marker of aggressive disease

Zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a transcription factor containing two clusters of Kruppel-type zinc-fingers, by which it binds E-box-like sequences on target DNAs. A role for ZEB1 in tumor progression, specifically, epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, has recently been revealed. ZEB1 acts as a master repressor of E-cadherin and other epithelial markers. We previously demonstrated that ZEB1 is confined to the stromal compartment in normal endometrium and low-grade endometrial cancers. Here, we quantify ZEB1 protein expression in endometrial samples from 88 patients and confirm that it is expressed at significantly higher levels in the tumor-associated stroma of low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas (type I endometrial cancers) compared to hyperplastic or normal endometrium. In addition, as we previously reported, ZEB1 is aberrantly expressed in the epithelial-derived tumor cells of highly aggressive endometrial cancers, such as FIGO grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, uterine serous carcinomas, and malignant mixed Mullerian tumors (classified as type II endometrial cancers). We now demonstrate, in both human endometrial cancer specimens and cell lines, that when ZEB1 is inappropriately expressed in epithelial-derived tumor cells, E-cadherin expression is repressed, and that this inverse relationship correlates with increased migratory and invasive potential. Forced expression of ZEB1 in the nonmigratory, low-grade, relatively differentiated Ishikawa cell line renders them migratory. Conversely, reduction of ZEB1 in a highly migratory and aggressive type II cell line, Hec50co, results in reduced migratory capacity. Thus, ZEB1 may be a biomarker of aggressive endometrial cancers at high risk of recurrence. It may help identify women who would most benefit from chemotherapy. Furthermore, if expression of ZEB1 in type II endometrial cancers could be reversed, it might be exploited as therapy for these highly aggressive tumors.
The Dark Night of Rage in a Culture of Nihilism: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Remembered Faces

This interdisciplinary survey of literature examines varied definitions of rage in social psychology, psychoanalysis, pastoral care, criminology, literature, and Biblical scripture in order to develop a more robust understanding of the destructive and generative elements of rage impacting the lives of many African American young men (ages 15–35). Specific attention is given to cultural forces of nihilism (consumption, chance, codependence and concealment) that incubate feelings of rage in numerous African American young men.
A Practical Formulation for Computation of Complex Gradients and its Application to Maximum Likelihood ICA

We introduce a framework for complex-valued signal processing such that all computations can be directly carried out in the complex domain. The framework, based on an elegant result due to Brandwood, allows for easy derivation of many complex-valued algorithms and their efficient analyses. We demonstrate its application to derivation of relative gradient updates for independent component analysis using maximum likelihood and discuss the selection of score functions within this framework.
Valley networks on Venus

Abstract Valley networks on Venus are classified as rectangular, labyrinthic and pitted, or irregular. The venusian valley networks are structurally controlled, as indicated by the morphological patterns of valley branches, consistency between valley and fracture orientations, and associations with the deformed terrains. The morphologies resemble those of terrestrial and martian sapping valleys. Valley networks on Venus probably formed initially from fracture systems and became enlarged by low viscosity lava sapping processes. Subsurface flow of lava may locally have been assisted by surface flows. The lavas probably moved through permeable media and fractures. Venusian valley networks have a higher degree of network integration than do lunar sinuous rilles, but they are less integrated than martian and terrestrial sapping valleys. The viscosity of valley-forming lavas must have been very low, but was not low enough to exploit the permeable media so extensively as to attain a high degree of network integration. The compositions of these lavas may have been mafic to ultramafic or mafic alkaline. Alternatively, the lavas could have had more exotic compositions, such as carbonatite and sulfur. Valley networks are often associated with corona and corona-like features, which are hypothesized to be the surface expressions of mantle plumes. A plume association could mean that the lavas came from the mantle.
Calculation of the current density in the contacts of a thin film resistor

The two-dimensional boundary value problem appropriate to current flow in a film resistor is examined. A simple closed-form solution for current density into the contacist found to exist for the important case of a thin film resistor with extended lands. The spatial dependence of the current density into the contact is found to be similar to that obtained by Kennedy and Murley for the diffused resistor, with film thickness entering the functional dependence in a role analogous to the diffusion length of the dopantion in the diffused resistor.
The influence of school tracking systems on educational expectations: a comparative study of Austria and Italy

School tracking is usually criticised as a mechanism for social and cultural reproduction. Evidence from the literature shows a significant effect of early tracking on social inequality. Some studies also show that early tracking has a negative effect on the probability of completing higher education. This study uses PISA 2009 data and the propensity score matching technique to compare the effect of academic and vocational tracks on students' educational expectations and whether the effect varies across different socio-economic status in Austria, a country with an early tracking system, and Italy, a country with a later tracking system. The results show that students in Italy have significantly higher educational expectations for academic tertiary degrees than students in Austria. However, the findings do not show any evidence that the effect of tracking on expectations varies by students' socio-economic status in either country. The findings suggest that a later tracking system is associated with higher ...
Guidelines for improved performance of ice storage systems

Abstract This paper describes simulation-based results of an investigation of a commercial cooling plant with an ice storage system. Various ice storage systems, chiller compressors, and building types were analyzed under four different control strategies. Optimal control as the strategy that minimizes the total operating cost (demand and energy charges) served as a benchmark to assess the relative performance of three conventional controls (chiller-priority, constant-proportion, and storage-priority control) and to determine aspects in need of improvement in order to apply these conventional controls better and to enhance the cost saving potential of ice storage systems. Independent of the non-cooling electrical load profile, it was found that good efficiency of the cooling plant in the icemaking mode and rate structures with strong load-shifting incentives are prerequisites for making cool storage successful. Chillers with poor performance at subfreezing evaporator temperatures require significant on- to off-peak differentials in the energy and demand rates to yield substantial savings. The relative performance benefit of optimal control over conventional controls increases when rate-based load-shifting incentives are weak. With cooling-related electrical loads being large compared to non-cooling loads, all conventional controls improve their performance when slowly recharging during off-peak periods to contain off-peak demand. On-peak demand reduction of storage-priority is near-optimal for many cases. Guidelines are presented to improve the load-shifting performance of chiller-priority and constant-proportion control.
Tumor suppressor genes on the short arm of chromosome 1 in neuroblastoma.

(2001). TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES ON THE SHORT ARM OF CHROMOSOME 1 IN NEUROBLASTOMA. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 3-5.
Levels of Analysis in Health Science: A Framework for Integrating Sociobehavioral and Biomedical Research

: One of the principal goals of the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health is to facilitate interdisciplinary research between social, behavioral, and biomedical scientists. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for such interdisciplinary health research. The essence of this framework is the concept of levels of analysis in the health sciences. These levels include the social/environment, behavioral/psychological, organ systems, cellular, and molecular. The interdependence of these five levels of analysis suggests that advances in the health sciences may be accelerated by a more integrated, multilevel approach to research. The principles of integrated, multilevel research are outlined, and examples of research that support this approach are presented. Finally, some of the activities of the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research that will further interdisciplinary research across levels of analysis are summarized.
Evidence for the Validity of a Social Connectedness Scale: Connectors Amass Bridging Social Capital Online and Offline

One of the key characteristics of effective opinion leaders is that they are highly connected; they know many people and have numerous weak-tie relationships. Two studies were conducted that found evidence consistent with construct validity. The first (N = 35 and N = 57) found that connectors knew more people from a randomly selected list of names. A second study, with two surveys, was created (N = 561 and N = 189) such that the connectedness scores of some of the subjects in the first survey could be linked to how many subjects knew them in the second. Results indicated that those with higher connection scores were more likely to be known by others. Moreover, in the second survey, measures of Facebook use and bridging social capital were found to be associated substantially with connector scores.
A class of soluble groups

In this paper a problem in group theory is solved to produce an interesting class of groups. The motivation, however, comes from algebraic number theory and in particular the Artin representation. To describe this representation we follow [5, Chap. IV and VI]. Let K and L be local fields, i.e., fields complete with respect to a discrete valuation and with perfect residue field. Let L have valuation ring A, and valuation v, extending the valuation on K. Suppose that L/K is a finite Galois extension with Galois group H. Then H has a normal series consisting of the ramification groups Hj = {O E H: V~(UX X) > j + 1 V x E A,}, j = -1, 0, I,2 ,..., which produces a character of H, due to Artin, as described in Theorem 1 below. The notation adopted in this paper is as follows. If G is a finite group, then Irr(G) denotes its set of irreducible characters. l,, rG, and U, = rc 1, are its principal, regular, and augmentation characters, respectively, whilst unless otherwise stated xc and xG will mean the restriction of x to G and the character of G induced from x.
Blood Species Identification for Forensic Purposes Using Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Advanced Statistical Analysis

Forensic analysis has become one of the most growing areas of analytical chemistry in recent years. The ability to determine the species of origin of a body fluid sample is a very important and crucial part of a forensic investigation. We introduce here a new technique which utilizes a modern analytical method based on the combination of Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistics to analyze the composition of blood traces from different species. Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (NIR) was used to analyze multiple dry samples of human, canine, and feline blood for the ultimate application to forensic species identification. All of the spectra were combined into a single data matrix, and the number of principle components that described the system was determined using multiple statistical methods such as significant factor analysis (SFA), principle component analysis (PCA), and several cross-validation methods. Of the six principle components that were determined to be present, the first three, which contrib...
Age-associated changes in mitochondrial mRNA expression and translation in the Wistar rat heart

Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine possible causes and mechanisms involved in the age-associated decline in mitochondrial activity. We have focused on cytochrome c oxidase because it is comprised of both nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded subunits and may provide some insight into the coordination of the two genomes. In agreement with previous reports, we show an approximate 30% decrease in cardiac cytochrome c oxidase activity at 24 months compared to 6 months with no change in the activity of the nuclear encoded citrate synthase of the mitochondrial matrix. The rate of mitochondrial protein synthesis as shown by [35S]methionine incorporation decreased approximately 35% in the 24-month-old rat compared to the 6-month-old rat. The decrease in protein synthesis was associated with a 30–50% reduction in the levels of most individually radiolabeled translation products including the COX subunits and specifically, a 23% decrease in COX1 protein steady-state levels according to Western analysis. Similarly, there was a decrease in the mRNA steady-state levels of both nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase. These results suggest that a number of different mechanisms are involved in the age-associated decrease in heart mitochondrial activity and these are discussed.
Polymers of C1C4 paraffin hydrocarbons from an RF discharge: Characterization and reactivity

The polymers deposited from mixtures of argon and the vapors of methane, ethane, propane, and n-butane subjected to excitation in a 30-MHz discharge have been analyzed by infrared absorption techniques and for elemental composition. The polymers show unsaturation, crosslinking, and branching. The stability of the polymers to atmospheric oxidation is discussed.
Distribution, seasonal occurrence, and patterns of parasitism of Heleidomermis magnapapula (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasite of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in California.

A statewide survey indicated that the mermithid nematode Heleidomermis magnapapula Poinar & Mullens was widespread in California. The nematode occurred in many manure-polluted habitats where the insect host, Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett), was found, but was absent from two saline or alkaline habitats. Nematodes emerged from larvae of C. variipennis between February and November. Field-collected, late-instar C. variipennis were held individually to determine the extent of parasitism. Parasitism ranged from 0 to 69% in southern California. Hosts parasitized by a single nematode most commonly yielded females, whereas hosts harboring multiple nematodes yielded males. The sex ratio was 2.4 males per female. Only three of 5,308 adult midges were found to be parasitized.
The Continuing Revolution in Biblical Research

mentaries, and the actual state of knowledge. This statement applies to virtually all books now in print. Bible dictionaries are in a somewhat better state, thanks especially to the new four-volume Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible and the one-volume New Bible Dictionary of the Tyndale Fellowship, but these works suffer greatly from the inescapable defects of multiple authorship within restricted areas.
Chronic inflammatory changes in the anal transition zone after stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: is mucosectomy a superior alternative?

Background Chronic inflammation (CI) is commonly found in the anal transition zone (ATZ) after stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). Yet, its impact on defecatory function and the need for a complete mucosectomy has not been completely elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the long-term functional outcomes of patients with CI of the ATZ after stapled IPAA in comparison with mucosectomy patients. Methods Between June 1987 and November 2007, 66 UC patients were found to have CI of the ATZ after stapled IPAA and were compared with 228 UC patients who underwent mucosectomy with hand-sewn (HS) IPAA. Patients were mailed a questionnaire to assess defecatory function and quality of life. Data were analyzed prospectively. Results No differences were observed in age, sex, number, or consistency of bowel movements (BMs) between groups. Complete continence was reported by 90.3% of CI and 66.8% of HS patients ( P P P P P P = .005), and the presence of perianal rash ( P = .019). In the CI group, more patients rated their quality of life as improved from before the operation ( P Conclusions Preservation of the ATZ, even in presence of persistent inflammation, confers improved continence, better functional outcomes, and superior quality of life.
Coercion and reverse auctions

Purpose – The paper seeks to examine the presence of coercion in the common use of reverse auctions for industrial procurement and spend management activities, and to illustrate the many problems that arise when purchasing and supply management is viewed by powerful buying organizations as a simple dyadic relationship with sellers.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a literature review, and analysis of the meaning of coercion, and supplier survey data.Findings – Reverse auctions, as commonly used, are shown to be fundamentally coercive, with coercion being essential for achieving the outcomes that buyers seek.Research limitations/implications – Survey responses and findings that can be drawn from them are limited due to the small sample size. Reflects the dyadic nature of buyers' corporate codes of conduct in relation to the day‐to‐day practice of purchasing and supply management.Practical implications – The existence of coercion indicates that reverse auctions are inconsistent with ...
Synthesis of optimal chemical reactor networks with simultaneous mass integration

The processes of reaction, mixing, and separation are crucial in any chemical process flowsheet. Process synthesis schemes have traditionally considered these processes sequentially in the flowsheet. In the last decade, the superior performance of reactive distillation and membrane reactor units has aroused considerable interest in the area of simultaneous synthesis of reaction, mixing, and separation along with the rest of the flowsheet. Recent incentives to develop new unit operations have resulted in synthesis schemes which focus on specialized cases of reactive distillation. In this paper we consider reaction, mixing, and separation by a mass separating agent. We integrate the reactor network synthesis algorithm, which is a mixed integer nonlinear programming formulation consistent with geometric attainable region concepts, with mass exchange network concepts. The streams in the process are characterized as rich and lean streams, and we develop a reaction-mixing-separation model which may be solved simultaneously with the rest of the process constraints in an attempt to mass integrate the process flowsheet.
The use of spatial cues for structural guideline orientation in Tapinoma sessile and Camponotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Camponotus pennsylvanicus(DeGeer) and Tapinoma sessile(Say) exploit structural elements as guide-lines in their topographic orientation. This research documents the response of T. sessileand C. pennsylvanicusto a series of thigmotactic, gravitational, chemotactic, and phototactic cues while utilizing structural guidelines. Adherence to these guidelines is more pronounced on vertical than on horizontal surfaces and more pronounced in darkness than in daylight. Orientation switches from a crestline on the horizontal to a groove on the vertical. Light and odor trails serve an important role as distance cues in structural guideline orientation. The hierarchy of orientation cues and the adaptive significance of these ant's exploitation of structural guidelines are discussed.
Rapidly dissolving repaglinide powders produced by the ultra-rapid freezing process.

The objective of the study was to produce rapidly dissolving formulations of the poorly water-soluble drug repaglinide using an innovative new technology, ultra-rapid freezing (URF), and to investigate the influence of excipient type on repaglinide stability. Repaglinide compositions containing different types and levels of excipients and different drug potencies (50%–86%) were produced by the URF technology. Repaglinide/excipient solutions were frozen on a cryogenic substrate, collected, and lyophilized to form a dry powder. Surfactants, including sodium dodecyl sulfate, and alkalizing agents such as diethanolamine (DEA) and tromethamine (TRIS) were incorporated into the compositions. Forced degradation of repaglinide was conducted under stressed conditions (eg, elevated temperature, exposure to peroxide) to determine the stability of the drug in such environments. The solubility of repaglinide increased as a function of increasing pH; therefore, incorporation of an alkalizing agent into the URF formulations increased the drug's solubility. Drug instability resulted when the drug was exposed to pH values above 9.0. URF formulations containing alkalizing agents showed no degradation or spontaneous recrystallization in the formulation, indicating that increased stability was afforded by processing. URF processing created nanostructured drug/excipient particles with higher dissolution rates than were achieved for unprocessed drug. Alkalizing agents such as TRIS and DEA, present at levels of 25% to 33% wt/wt in the formulations, did not cause degradation of the drug when processed using URF. URF processing, therefore, yielded fast-dissolving formulations that were physically and chemically stable, resistant to alkali degradation or spontaneous recrystallization in the formulation.
Do mentors know who they are mentoring

All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.07.059 A nnual faculty evaluations can provide a way to identify systematic issues within a department. Given the importance of mentoring for career progression and satisfaction, the authors present their experience using the faculty review form to define the mutual identification of “mentors” listed by junior faculty and “mentees” listed by senior faculty. Mentoring relationships can vary dramatically, and given this diversity, it is critical that the mentor and mentee have a mutual understanding of the relationship. This can be addressed by implementing signed contracts with specific expectations; however, not all departments have a standardized process. In that case, faculty evaluations can be used to evaluate mutual identification of mentoring relationships, the first step in ensuring that there is agreement between mentor and mentee.
Chromatographic retention of azaarenes on Florisil

Abstract Various substituted pyridines, quinolines, and other azaarenes were applied on Florisil and eluted with ether saturated with ammonia. The relationships between chromatographic retention and aqueous basicity suggested that the mechanism of adsorption involved the exchangeable protons on the surface of Florisil. Thus, retention of azaarenes on Florisil was mainly influenced by the Bronsted basicity of the heterocyclic nitrogen atom(s). In contrast with adsorption on silica and alumina, steric interactions had minimal effects on retention. The results suggested that Florisil might be a good adsorbent for separating azaarenes in environmental and other samples.
Three-Dimensional Models for β-Adrenergic Receptor Complexes with Agonists and Antagonists

Molecular modeling methods have been used to construct three-dimensional models for agonist and antagonist complexes with β-adrenergic receptors. The recent rhodopsin crystal structure was used as a template in standard homology modeling methods. The rhodopsin-based homology models were assessed for agreement with experimental results for β-adrenergic receptors, and compared with receptor models developed using de novo modeling techniques. While the de novo and homology-derived receptor models are generally quite similar, there are some localized structural differences that impact the putative ligand-binding site significantly. The de novo receptor models appear to provide much better agreement with experimental data, particularly for receptor complexes with agonist ligands. The de novo receptor models also yield some interesting and testable hypotheses for the structural basis of β-adrenergic receptor subtype ligand selectivity.
Polymer-Based Resonator for Ultrasonic Imagine Applications

Capacitive micromachined resonator for ultrasonic imaging technology is a prime candidate for next generation ultrasonic imaging transducers. Medical and healthcare imaging and the physiotherapy societies have expressed growing interest in capacitive micromachined resonator over the years. This paper focuses on polymer based fabrication technologies for capacitive ultrasonic resonator using in imaging applications. In this paper, the design, simulation, and fabrication results of a polymer based resonator for airborne ultrasonic application are presented. Due to its outperformance in terms of processing temperature and cost, this paper will also introduces the new concept in detail about sacrificial layer release processes during the fabrication of a polymer vibratile membrane. Process variations are compared qualitatively and quantitatively whenever possible. Through these study, it was concluded that polymer resonator technology was superior in terms of process control, yield, and uniformity. Because the number of steps and consequent process time were reduced, turn-around time was improved significantly. Furthermore, a resonator array was then designed and fabricated with a target DC actuation voltage of less than 20V with a resonance frequency at 1.7 MHz. The experimental results showed the potential of this resonator for healthcare imaging and the airborne applications in physiotherapy.© 2007 ASME
Slots vs. cracks in eddy current NDE

The thin-skin theory of Lewis, Michael, Lugg, and Collins (LMLC) is applied to an analysis of the effects of slot closure on eddy current response. The LMLC model is shown to lead to a relatively simple expression for the ratio of the impedance change for an open slot to the impedance change for a closed slot, which represents a crack. Numerical calculations for a nonmagnetic material show that the impedance ratio is an almost linear function of the slot opening in skin depth units, and is relatively insensitive to slot length and aspect ratio. For ferromagnetic materials with large relative permeability, there is no significant slot closure effect. LMLC calculations are supplemented by volume integral calculations at low frequencies where the thin-skin theory fails.
Gastroenterologic emergencies: diagnosis and management

This issue of the Gastroenterology Clinics of North America is dedicated to gastroenterologic emergencies. We have attempted to cover most of the anxiety-provoking situations relating to the gastrointestinal tract that emergency room physicians, generalists, or gastroenterologists may encounter. We have incorporated the entire digestive system: the esophagus to the colon, the pancreaticobiliary system, and the liver. We have recruited top experts in their respective fields to provide the most current, evidence-based approaches to the recognition and management of diverse gastrointestinal emergencies, including the jaundiced pregnant patient, the acute pancreatitic, and the lower gastrointestinal bleeder. Where appropriate, management algorithms have been incorporated to aid in the evaluation and treatment of emergent patients. We are indebted to our colleagues who contributed to this outstanding issue to create an emergency gastrointestinal manual. We also thank Kerry Holland at Elsevier for her editorial assistance and guidance in the Kevin McGrath, MD Adam Slivka, MD, PhD
High-Throughput Screening and Chemical Biology: New Approaches for Understanding Circadian Clock Mechanisms

Most organisms exhibit daily changes in physiology and metabolism under the control of a cell-autonomous circadian clock. In the core clock mechanism, clock genes form a transcription factor network to generate circadian rhythms of gene expression. Clock protein phosphorylation and histone modifications are also important for the clock regulation. Pharmacological approaches have been making significant contributions to the clock research, for example, in characterizing the roles of protein kinases CKIδ, CKIɛ, CK2, and GSK-3β. Recently, high-throughput circadian functional assays have been established. Chemical biology approaches utilizing high-throughput compound screening together with RNAi-based genomic screening will open a new way for the circadian clock field. Finding a set of compounds that potently affect the clock function will lead to the identification of novel clock components and form the basis for therapeutic strategies directed toward circadian disorders.
Lifetime measurement of a single rotational transition of the B3∏+u → X1Σg transition of iodine

Abstract Lifetimes, self-quenching, and vibrational and rotational energy transfer cross sections of individual rotational levels in the B 3 ∏ + u state of I 2 were measured by observing the correlation between fluorescence photons and the pulsed excitation from 514.5 and 501.7 nm argon ion lasers. Lifetimes were measured with both vibrationally resolved (1.0nm) and rotationally resolved detection (0.015 nm). The cross sections from Stern—Volmer plots were respectively, 76 and 89 A 2 with 5% accuracy for single (43-2) band emission and the P(16) line emission in the same band. The difference in cross sections is interpreted as vibrational and rotational energy transfer from the originally excited level. Measured radiative lifetimes are consistent with previous measurements except that a 10% shorter lifetime was observed with single rotational line detection.
Light scattering from molten alkali halides

We present results of a systematic, experimental study of Raman scattering from molten alkali halides. Melt spectra are compared with those of the solid alkali halides, and with those of inert-element liquids. The high-frequency region of the melt spectra is well approximated by an exponential [$\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{exp}(\frac{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\omega}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}})$], whose width $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ scales with the classical "plasma frequency" of the melt (${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$). Specifically, we find $\ensuremath{\Delta}=(0.35+0.02){\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$. The depolarization ratio for the high-frequency, exponential scattering is found to vary inversely as the number density of ions. The prominent bands seen in the solid-state spectra persist into the melt in the form of a "shoulder." In melts with a large mismatch between the cation and anion masses, two distinct structures are seen. A qualitative discussion of the various spectral regions is given. Calculations based on dipole\char22{}induced-dipole, binary-dynamics approximations are presented. These reproduce the high-frequency exponential fairly well, but the low-frequency features, as well as the magnitude of the depolarization ratio, remain to be explained.
Hope and Expectancy in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

The common factors approach has been heavily discussed in recent years in psychotherapy, being explored in a variety of different ways. It is commonly accepted that hope and expectancy factors account for roughly 15% of outcome variance in psychotherapy (Lambert, 1992). This article explores how the therapeutic factor of hope and expectancy plays a role in one specific approach, solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT). SFBT is parsimoniously designed to utilize this therapeutic factor to help clients develop solutions that increase their expectancy of change and their hope for a positive outcome. This article explores how the components of SFBT build upon the common factor of hope and expectancy.
Functional and neuroanatomical effects of vaginal distention and pudendal nerve crush in the female rat.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We tested the hypothesis that neuroanatomical degeneration near the external urethral sphincter (EUS) would parallel urinary dysfunction after vaginal distention or bilateral pudendal nerve crush in female rats.Materials and Methods: A total of 28 female rats underwent bilateral pudendal nerve crush or vaginal distention, or were unoperated controls. Two days later a catheter was implanted into the bladder dome and 2 days after that (4 days after injury) urethral leak point pressure testing was performed with the rat under urethane anesthesia. The pudendal nerve and urethra were then dissected and prepared for light and electron microscopy.Results: Leak point pressure was significantly decreased 4 days after pudendal nerve crush and vaginal distention (29.3 ± 3.4 and 31.0 ± 2.5 cm H2O, respectively) compared with controls (44.3 ± 3.4 cm H2O). The percentage of nerve fascicles with degeneration near the EUS was significantly greater in the nerve crush (13.1% ± 1.7%) and vaginal distention ...
Gordon Tullock’s contribution to bureaucracy

Gordon Tullock is justly valued for his contributions to understanding the nature of bureaucracy. Specifically, Tullock draws on his own experience in the US state department to develop a rational choice model of the hierarchical relationships between individuals within non-market organizations. The closest prior such model is that outlined by Machiavelli to characterize the predictable behavior of a sovereign and his immediate subordinates. Tullock’s 1957 book provided the foundation for my own 1971 contribution, and for an ensuing research program into the economic analysis of bureaucracy and representative government.
Attractive Guidance: How the chemokine SDF1/CXCL12 guides different cells to different locations

During the development and adult life of multicellular organisms cells move from one location to another as they assemble into organs, seal a wound or fight pathogens. For navigation, migrating cells follow cues that guide them to their final position. Frequently, a single cue simultaneously guides different cells to different positions. Recent studies of one such cue—the chemokine SDF1—suggest strategies for how the animal achieves this task without causing erroneous migration.
Low-Resistivity Amorphous Silicon for Contacts Using Low-Temperature Rapid Thermal Annealing

Fabrication of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) requires a low thermal budget to avoid relaxation of the strained SiGe base layer. Ion implantation is one of the most widely used techniques to achieve contacts. However, due to thermal budget constraints, low temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA) cycles to activate these implants are insufficient to anneal out all of the implant damage. Polysilicon contacts provide an alternative to ion implantation, but are typically annealed at high temperatures (>950°C) to achieve low sheet resistivity. In this study, amorphous silicon and polycrystalline silicon films were implanted with boron, arsenic, or phosphorus and RTA'd at temperatures from 800°C to 950°C and compared to single crystal silicon with identical implants and RTA cycles. The films were characterized using four-point probe, Hall measurements, TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and SIMS (secondary-ion mass-spectrometry). TEM analysis shows that the amorphous deposition produces larger grains upon RTA due to more rapid grain growth than the polycrystalline deposition. The sheet resistance for the amorphous deposited films is much lower than that of the polycrystalline deposition for all implant conditions. Activations of the implants indicate that the arsenic and phosphorus segregate to the grain boundaries, while the boron does not. The segregation is more significant for the polycrystalline films than for the amorphous films and can be explained by the grain boundary area. For contacts to the SiGe HBT, which requires a low thermal budget, an amorphous deposited silicon film is advantageous over a polycrystalline film at low annealing temperatures because it has lower sheet resistance, less segregation to the grain boundaries, and produces larger grains.
Image subtraction by polarization-shifted periodic carrier

Abstract A coherent image subtractor is described that makes use of a periodic carrier that is effectively shifted by one-half period by simple sheet polarizing material. As the system has two input stations, the two transparencies to be subtracted are simultaneously visible to facilitate alignment.