cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photodecomposition of selenosulfonates and their facile photoaddition to alkenes 1

Abstract Phenyl areneselenosulfonates ( 1 ) are very photosensitive and easily undergo photodecomposition via initial homolysis of the SeS bond. In the presence alkenes this facile photodissociation of 1 can be used to initiate a free radical chain reaction (eq 6) that leads to addition of 1 to the alkene to form β-phenylselenosulfones ( 2 ). The photoaddition requires much shorter reaction times than the non-photolytic addition of 1 to alkenes described recently.2
Excitation functions for 3He induced nuclear reactions in Cu

Abstract Excitation functions for 21 nuclear reactions induced by 3 He ions on Cu were measured up to 35 MeV for all radioactive products of half-life greater than 10 min, and the long-lived products were surveyed to 70 MeV. The stacked foil technique was used and the induced radioactivities chemically separated from each foil. The excitation function data is presented, compared to other similar 3 He and α-particle data, and an attempt is made to deduce reaction mechanism. The results indicate that in the 25 to 35 MeV region, the ( 3 He, x n) reaction accounts for only 10% of the total cross section while the ( 3 He, p2n) reaction accounts for 65% of the total. Particularly at higher incident 3 He energies, a sequential direct interaction-compound nucleus mechanism appears to adequately describe the present results.
Reversibility of growth stunting in early onset anorexia nervosa: a prospective study.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the growth of premenarchal patients with anorexia nervosa. Methods: Growth parameters were measured semi-annually in 16 subjects with anorexia nervosa until 1 year post-menarche. Results: Despite the accelerated growth that followed nutritional rehabilitation, the patients did not achieve their genetic height potential.
The effects of primary care depression treatment on patients' clinical status and employment.

Objective To evaluate the effects of depression treatment in primary care on patients' clinical status and employment, over six months.
Normal and tumor-bearing host splenic macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to assess the responses of normal and tumor-bearing host (TBH) macrophages (Mπ) to activation signals. Mπ were incubated with LPS for either 3 hr or 24 hr and then assayed for phenotypic, functional, or cell-cycle changes. A 3-hr LPS treatment had no significant effect on Mπ phenotype. In contrast, the 24-hr LPS treatment caused a significant decrease in the percentage of normal host Mac+ and Ia+ Mπ. In the TBH, a 24-hr LPS treatment caused an increase in the percentage of Mac-1+ and -2+ Mπ and a decrease in the percentage of Mac-3+ and Ia+ Mπ. When normal host Mπ were plated for 24 hr (control), there was an increase in Mac-1+ and -2+ Mπ and a decrease in Ia+ Mπ. The 24-hr TBH control showed a decrease in Mac-1+ and Ia+ Mπ. To assess functional changes, LPS-treated normal and TBH Mπ were added to the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) or the autologous MLR (AMLR). There were no significant differences in Mπ accessory activity after a 3-hr LPS treatment. A 24-hr L...
Legionella pneumonia in chronic granulomatous disease

4. Rosenstein B J, Markowitz M, Gordis L: Accuracy of throat cultures processed in physicians offices. J PEDIATR 76:606, 1970. 5. Battle CV, Glasgow LA: Reliability of bacteriologic identification of fl-hemolytic streptococci in private offices. Am J Dis Child 122:134, 1971. 6. Lyerly WH, Bass JW, Harden LB, Cardin M J: Identification of group A streptococci with bacitracin disc on the primary throat culture plate. J PEDIATR 96:431, 1980. 7. Todd JK: Throat cultures in the office laboratory. Pediatr Infect Dis 1:265, 1982.
Chronic Effects of Inhaled Albuterol on β-Adrenoceptor System Function in Human Respiratory Cells

The in vivo effects of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonists given chronically by metered-dose inhaler (MDI) on the molecular components of the β-adreno-ceptor system expressed by human respiratory cells are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of inhaled albuterol (180 μg four times daily for 7 days) on βAR function of airway epithelial cells (AECs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) freshly isolated from 10 normal subjects. Responses were related to β2AR genotype in codons 16 and 27, regions which affect chronic responses to β2-agonists. In AEC, βAR density and adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-phosphate (cAMP) production in response to isoproterenol (ISO) were significantly lower in the albuterol versus placebo treatment arm (p 0.20 for both) and had no effect...
The relationship between disc degeneration and flexibility of the lumbar spine

Abstract Background context: A relationship between degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and biomechanical functions of the lumbar spine has been suggested. However, the exact relationship between the grade of disc degeneration and the flexibility of the motion segment is not known. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between degenerative grades of the intervertebral disc and three-dimensional (3-D) biomechanical characteristics of the motion segment under multidirectional loading conditions. Study design/setting: A biomechanical and imaging study of human cadaveric spinal motion segments. Methods: One hundred fourteen lumbar motion segments from T12–L1 to L5–S1 taken from 47 fresh cadaver spines (average age at death, 68 years; range, 39 to 87 years) were used in this study. The severity of degeneration (grades I to V according to Thomson's system) was determined using magnetic resonance (MR) images and cryomicrotome sections. Pure unconstrained moments with dead weights were applied to the motion segments in six load steps. The directions of loading included flexion, extension, right and left axial rotation, and right and left lateral bending. Results: When the MR images were graded, 2 segments had grade I disc degeneration; 45, grade II; 20, grade III; 26, grade IV; and 21, grade V. When the cryomicrotome sections were graded, 14 segments had grade I disc degeneration; 31, grade II; 22, grade III; 26, grade IV; and 21, grade V. Segments from the upper lumbar levels (T12–L1 to L3–4) tended to have greater rotational movement in flexion, extension, and axial rotation with disc degeneration up to grade IV, whereas the motion decreased when the disc degenerated to grade V. In the lower lumbar spine at L4–5 and L5–S1, motion in axial rotation and lateral bending was increased in grade III. Conclusions: These results suggest that kinematic properties of the lumbar spine are related to disc degeneration. Greater motion generally was found with disc degeneration, particularly in grades III and IV, in which radial tears of the annulus fibrosus are found. Disc space collapse and osteophyte formation as found in grade V resulted in stabilization of the motion segments.
Cholelithiasis and the Risk of Nephrolithiasis

Purpose: Existing data on the relation between gallstones and kidney stones are provocative but limited. Therefore, we determined whether symptomatic radiographically confirmed gallstones (and/or cholecystectomy) and symptomatic kidney stone disease are independently associated.Materials and Methods: We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses in the Nurses' Health Studies I and II (older and younger women, respectively) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (men) that included more than 240,000 participants followed for 14 to 24 years. Regression models adjusted for age, body size, thiazide use, diet and other factors.Results: At baseline the multivariate odds ratio of kidney stone history in individuals with gallstone history compared to those without was 1.65 (95% CI 1.46–1.86) in older women, 1.85 (95% CI 1.65–2.07) in younger women and 1.61 (95% CI 1.41–1.85) in men. Prospectively, the multivariate relative risk of incident kidney stones in participants with gallstone history compare...
Heat transfer during liquid contact on superheated surfaces

Several boiling regimes are characterized by intermittent contacts of vapor and liquid at the superheated wall surface. A microthermocouple probe was developed capable of detecting transient surface temperatures with a response time better than 1 ms. The transient temperature data were utilized to determine the time-varying heat flux under liquid contacts. The instantaneous surface heat flux was found to vary by orders of magnitude during the milliseconds of liquid residence at the hot surface. The average heat flux during liquid contact was found to range from 10{sup 5} to 10{sup 7} W/m{sup 2} for water at atmospheric pressure, as wall superheat was varied from 50 to 450{degrees}C. 12 refs., 8 figs.
Soft architectures for everyday life

Technologies not only change “external reality” but also change our internal consciousness, shaping the way we experience the world. As the reality of intelligent environments is upon us—ushered along with the age of ubiquitous computing—we must be careful that the ideology these technologies embody is not blindly incorporated into the environment. As disciplines, engineering and computer science make implicit assumptions about the world that conflict with traditional modes of cultural production. For example, space is commonly understood to be the void left behind when no objects are present. Unfortunately, once we see space in this way, we are unable to understand the role it plays in our everyday experience. In order to make computationally enhanced spaces that are meaningful at the level of the everyday, we must exorcise the notion of intelligence from their design and replace it with life. Henri Lefebvre’s discussions of the space of everyday life provide a framework to help conceive this transition.
Genesis of flood basalts and Basin and Range volcanic rocks from Steens Mountain to the Malheur River Gorge, Oregon

The middle and south forks of the Malheur River provide a unique mapping corridor connecting two flood-basalt successions—Steens basalt to the south and the basalt of Malheur Gorge to the north. Each contains chemically defined subtypes, which merge stratigraphically across the north-south length of the map area. The lowermost flows of Steens basalt are stratigraphically equivalent to the lowermost flows of the basalt of Malheur Gorge. The uppermost flows of Steens basalt pinch out in the map area, but are partly interbedded with the middle and uppermost flows of the basalt of Malheur Gorge, which continue to thicken northward. The upper part of the tholeiitic succession is interbedded with a group of previously unrecognized lavas— the Venator Ranch basalt flows. Tholeiitic volcanism ceased at ca. 15.3 Ma; the last tholeiitic unit erupted is the Hunter Creek basalt, which also thickens northward. Subsequent (younger than 15.3 Ma), more localized eruptions were dominated by calc-alkaline to mildly alkaline lavas associated with Basin and Range extension. Local uplift generated deep canyons, which were filled by andesitic lavas of the Keeney sequence (ca. 13‐10 Ma). The final eruptive products include the Devine Canyon tuff (ca. 9.7 Ma), the Drinkwater basalt (ca. 6.9 Ma), and the Voltage flow (older than 32,000 yr B.P.). Major and trace element analyses demonstrate that (1) crystal fractionation was a universal process in the derivation of the
Quantum chaos of bogoliubov waves for a Bose-Einstein condensate in stadium billiards

We investigate the possibility of quantum (or wave) chaos for the Bogoliubov excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate in billiards. Because of the mean field interaction in the condensate, the Bogoliubov excitations are very different from the single particle excitations in a noninteracting system. Nevertheless, we predict that the statistical distribution of level spacings is unchanged by mapping the non-Hermitian Bogoliubov operator to a real symmetric matrix. We numerically test our prediction by using a phase shift method for calculating the excitation energies.
The Purpose of Graded Texts

Author's summary.— A defence of word counts and graded texts as logical and useful in language learning.
Adaptor heat shock protein complex formation regulates trafficking of the asialoglycoprotein receptor

In the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) endocytic pathway, internalized receptors pass through early, recycling, and sorting endosomal compartments before returning to the cell surface. Sorting motifs in the cytoplasmic domain (CD) and protein interactions with these sequences presumably direct receptor trafficking. Previous studies have shown that association of a potential sorting heat shock protein (HSP) heterocomplex with the ASGPR-CD was regulated by casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry and immunoblot analyses identified five of these ASGPR-CD-associated proteins as the molecular chaperones glycoprotein 96, HSP70, HSP90, cyclophilin A, and FK 506 binding protein. The present study was undertaken to determine whether any of the adaptor protein complexes (AP1, AP2, or AP3) were selectivity associated with the ASGPR-CD. In conjunction with molecular chaperones, AP2 and AP1 were recovered from a CK2 phosphorylated agarose-GSH-GST-ASGPR-CD matrix. Binding of AP3 was independent of the phosphorylation status of the CD matrix. Inhibition of CK2-mediated phosphorylation with tetrabromobenzotriazole prevented AP recovery within an immunoadsorbed ASGPR complex. Rapamycin, which dissociates the HSP heterocomplex from ASGPR-CD, thereby altering receptor trafficking also, inhibited AP association. Similar results were obtained with an inhibitor of HSP90 heterocomplex formation, geldanmycin. The data presented provide evidence that recruitment of AP1 and AP2, which is necessary for appropriate receptor trafficking, is mediated by the interaction of AP with the ASGPR-CD-bound HSP complex.
Registered Pesticides and Citrus Terpenes as Blackbird Repellents for Rice

Abstract Nonlethal management alternatives are needed to minimize bird depredation of agricultural crops. We conducted 8 caged feeding tests and 2 field studies to evaluate 2 registered fungicides (GWN-4770, Gowan Company, Yuma, AZ; Quadris®, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC), a neem oil insecticide (Aza-Direct®, Gowan Company), and a novel terpene formulation (Gander Gone, Natural Earth Products, Winter Springs, FL) as avian repellents. For all candidate repellents, red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) discriminated between untreated and treated rice during preference-testing in captivity. We observed a positive concentration–response relationship among birds offered rice treated with 2,500 ppm, 5,000 ppm, 7,500 ppm, 11,000 ppm, or 22,000 ppm GWN-4770. Relative to pretreatment, blackbirds consumed 34% and 77% less rice treated with 11,000 ppm and 22,000 ppm GWN-4770, respectively, during the concentration–response test. Maximum repellency among other tested compounds was <40% during the co...
DQMA and CRMA: new access schemes for Gbit/s LANs and MANs

Distributed-queue multiple-access (DQMA) and cyclic-reservation multiple-access (CRMA) access schemes for gigabit-per-second local and metropolitan area networks are described. These schemes are based on a slotted unidirectional bus structure, with both folded and dual-bus configurations. Like the distributed-queue dual-bus (DQDB) scheme, both the DQMA and the CRMA access schemes achieve full throughput independent of network speed and distance. They have two significant advantages over DQDB. They provide throughput fairness even at high speeds and large distances, where DQDB exhibits dramatic unfairness, and, by allowing reservation of multiple consecutive slots, they make segment labeling unnecessary and facilitate packet reassembly significantly. >
Recent Trends in Microwave ATE Systems

Programmable instruments and test systems have assumed a very important role in the last few years. While they are more expensive than their non-programmable counterparts, the cost is easily justified when the same test must be performed repeatedly. Often the most cost-effective approach to automated testing is to purchase a turnkey system from a vendor that supplies all or most of the critical components. This will help ensure that idiosyncrasies between individual components (computer, software, instruments, and peripherals) are circumvented. If purchase of a turnkey system is not possible, several recent industry trends should ease the system integrator's task. 1) A variety of interface options now exist (IEEE 488, RS-232, VXI, etc.). 2) Emergence of common programming protocol or bus languages for instruments (IEEE 488.2 and MATE/CIIL). 3) Instruments are acquiring intelligent signal processing routines, thus easing the burden on the programmer and instrument controller. 4) Decision-making capability, in the form of downloadable macros, will allow more efficient use of the instrument controller and IEEE 488 bus. 5) Availability of programming tools for those who are using the PC as a system controller (GURU II, ASYST, Lab Windows, EZTEST, etc.). There are still obstacles to be overcome when configuring and programming test equipment for a particular application. With recent industry trends, however, the task is becoming much easier and the benefits much greater.
Development of the New Orleans Flood Protection System prior to Hurricane Katrina

The system of flood protection surrounding New Orleans and its adjoining parishes prior to Hurricane Katrina evolved over a period of 280 years. The earliest drainage works sought to elevate the river's natural levees and excavate drainage canals leading towards Bayou St. John, the only natural break across the Metairie-Gentilly distributary ridge. An extensive zone of Cypress Swamps occupied the levee flank depression between the ridge and Lake Pontchartrain. 58 km of drainage canals were excavated across the natural levee backslope and through the swamp depressions bordering the lake between 1833 and 1878. These canals sought to drain the lower portions of the city, which suffered periodic outbreaks of yellow fever, which killed more than 100,000 people during the 19th century. The city has not suffered flooding from the Mississippi River since 1895, most damaging floods having emanated from hurricane surge off of Lake Pontchartrain. Since 1559, 177 hurricanes have struck the Louisiana coastline. A system of pump stations was constructed between 1895 and 1927, which pump water into the river, the lake, and adjacent bayous. The cypress swamps were replaced by the Lakeview and Gentilly residential districts, built after 1945. This old swamp zone has settled as much as 3+ m since 1895. After 1927 the Army Corps of Engineers assumed a leadership role in providing flood control infrastructure, supervising the Mississippi River & Tributaries Project in 1931-1972. In 1955 the Corps role was expanded to include the City of New Orleans, which included maintaining capacity and freeboard of the old drainage canals. After a series of lawsuits between 1961 and 1977, the Corps was forced to employ concrete flood walls along the subsiding drainage canals. These walls were constructed in the 1990s, though some transition elements remained incomplete when Hurricane Katrina struck in August 2005.
Understanding a Patient’s Wishes to Die

This article presents the case of a critically ill woman whose decisional capacity was impaired by delirium. She indicated that she wanted to die, although it was not clear if she wanted life support withdrawn or was passively wishing for death. Family members were quite upset and attempted to terminate the evaluation. The patient slowly recovered physically and returned to her cognitive baseline. The author discusses this case with a focus on decisional capacity, delirium, and family and staff relationships.
Making Li‐Air Batteries Rechargeable: Material Challenges

A Li-air battery could potentially provide three to five times higher energy density/specific energy than conventional batteries and, thus, enable the driving range of an electric vehicle to be comparable to gasoline vehicles. However, making Li-air batteries rechargeable presents significant challenges, mostly related to the materials. Here, the key factors that influence the rechargeability of Li-air batteries are discussed with a focus on nonaqueous systems. The status and materials challenges for nonaqueous rechargeable Li-air batteries are reviewed. These include electrolytes, cathode (electrocatalysts), lithium metal anodes, and oxygen-selective membranes (oxygen supply from air). A perspective for the future of rechargeable Li-air batteries is provided.
The Challenges and Opportunities of Foreign-born Instructors in the Classroom

Foreign-born instructors are an integral part of the US education system. While universities see them as contributing to internationalization, many students, parents and legislators are concerned about their impact on students' educational achievement. Supported by data collected from students and professors, the author identifies the main problems students experience with foreign-born instructors, as well as the main challenges foreign-born instructors face in adjusting to the US education system. Recommendations are developed aimed at improving classroom interactions between American students and foreign-born instructors and it is shown how the instructor's ‘foreignness’ can be an important teaching resource, particularly in disciplines such as geography.
Automobile proximity and indoor residential concentrations of BTEX and MTBE

Abstract Attached garages have been identified as important sources of indoor residential air pollution. However, the literature lacks information on (1) how the proximity of cars to the living area affects indoor concentrations of gasoline-related compounds, such as benzene; and (2) the origin of these pollutants, i.e., vapor or tailpipe emissions. We analyzed data from the Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA) study to evaluate indoor (Cin) and outdoor (Cout) concentrations for 114 residences with cars either in an attached garage, a detached garage or carport, or without cars. Results indicate that single-family detached homes with cars in attached garages were affected the most by parked vehicles, followed by homes with vehicles in carports. Concentrations in homes with cars in detached garages were similar to those in residences without cars. Low ventilation rates exacerbated Cin in homes with attached garages. In general, the contribution from gasoline-related sources to indoor benzene and MTBE concentrations appeared to have been dominated by car exhaust, or by a combination of tailpipe and gasoline vapor emissions. Residing in a home with an attached garage could lead to benzene exposures that are an order of magnitude higher than exposures from commuting in a car in heavy traffic, with a risk of 17 excess cancers in a population of a million. Strategies to lower exposure to gasoline-related contaminants in homes include improving construction practices to prevent the infiltration of pollutants into the living quarters or incorporating detached garages.
Geographical Perspectives for Tackling Problems in Wetlands

Wetland environments have long been shrouded in mystery. Historically, uninformed people viewed wetlands as slimy, stinky, insect-infested places whose full potential could be realized only if they were converted to some other use. Indeed, the United States government became so exasperated by wetlands during the mid-19th century that it gave more than 60 million acres of “swamp and overflowed lands” to several states hoping they could better promote wetland drainage and development. Because wetlands were so poorly understood, however, debate soon erupted over what actually constituted a wetland. Swamps, bogs, marshes, wetlands — call them what you will — these environments have eluded understanding for centuries and only since the second half of the 20th century have we begun to unlock the secrets of wetland patterns and processes (Vileisis 1997).
Trauma-focused CBT for youth with complex trauma

Objectives Many youth develop complex trauma, which includes regulation problems in the domains of affect, attachment, behavior, biology, cognition, and perception. Therapists often request strategies for using evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for this population. This article describes practical strategies for applying Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for youth with complex trauma.
Does an Unstable Baroclinic Wave Equilibrate/Decay Baroclinically or Barotropically?

It is shown using a quasigeostrophic multilevel channel model that the stabilization of a zonal baroclinic flow by an unstable wave would be essentially baroclinic if the meridional domain is narrow. In contrast, an unstable baroclinic wave in a sufficiently wide domain would first propagate meridionally away from its source while intensifying and would then equilibrate/decay barotropically. The equilibration in this case occurs mostly by inducing a strong horizontal zonal shear and also partly by reducing the zonal baroclinicity. Since a strong impact of the lateral boundaries is generally a model artifact, barotropic equilibration is suggested to be more important in the atmosphere. The corresponding increase in the meridonal scale of the wave field associated with the meridional propagation of the unstable wave in a wide domain is self-limiting by the beta effect. This result can be understood in terms of a well-known aspect of geostrophic turbulence. When the model width is only comparable to the zonal scale of the unstable wave, reflection of the waves by the lateral boundaries would naturally prohibit the cascading process and would result in baroclinic stabilization.
Personality Disorder as Harmful Dysfunction: DSM'S Cultural Deviance Criterion Reconsidered

The DSM's general criteria for personality disorder (PD) attempt to define PD versus nondisordered personality conditions. If dimensionalization of PD occurs in the DSM-V (perhaps, it is suggested, with PD diagnosis moved to Axis I and overall personality assessment in Axis II, thus separating diagnosis from case formulation), general criteria likely will still be needed to prevent massive false positives. In this article, one of the general criteria, the cultural deviance requirement (CDR), is examined from the perspective of the evolution-based harmful-dysfunction analysis of disorder. The CDR is often assumed to express value relativity of harm in diagnosis, but cultural values are a designed feature of human social functioning that influence personality formation. The CDR is thus argued to be an indicator of whether an individual's personality organization is due to an evolutionary dysfunction. Value relativity and evolutionary analysis thus converge.
IGF1 and IGFBP3 in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and its most abundant binding protein, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3), have been implicated in fibrotic lung diseases and persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) because of profibrogenic and antiapoptotic activity. Whether levels of circulating IGF1 and IGFBP3 are altered in ARDS, and whether they predict progression of and survival from ARDS remains unknown. This study aims to characterize circulating levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 in patients at risk for ARDS in relation to (1) development of ARDS, and (2) mortality among ARDS cases.
Innovative Library 2.0 Information Technology Applications in Agriculture Libraries [Article and Abstract]

This paper reports on study into how agriculture libraries are using Web 2.0 technologies. Some selected examples are highlighted. From these examples, we see that Web 2.0 technologies present information in easier and more interesting and accessible ways. Compared to existing static library search systems, Web 2.0 technologies are more dynamic and interactive, with tools for seeking and capturing user feedback. Cet article tente de montrer comment les bibliotheques agricoles utilisent les technologies Web 2.0. Quelques exemples selectionnes sont mis en valeur. A travers ces exemples, nous voyons que les technologies Web 2.0 presentent l’information plus facilement, et de maniere plus interessante et accessible. Par rapport aux systemes de recherche de bibliotheques statiques existants, les technologies Web 2.0 sont plus dynamiques et interactives, avec des outils pour la recherche et la saisie de l’avis des utilisateurs. Este documento trata de mostrar como las bibliotecas agricolas estan utilizando tecnologias Web 2.0. Se destacan algunos ejemplos seleccionados. Con base en estos ejemplos, podemos ver que las tecnologias Web 2.0 presentan la informacion de maneras que son mas faciles, mas interesantes y mas accesibles. En comparacion con los sistemas existentes de busqueda de las bibliotecas, las cuales son estaticas, las tecnologias Web 2.0 son mas dinamicas e interactivas con herramientas que buscan y captan la retroinformacion de los usuarios.
Citrus Flat Mite Injury Patterns on Some Citrus Varieties

Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor populations exist on all varieties of citrus grown in California. Their feeding may produce scars which subsequently can downgrade the quality of the fruit, except grapefruit, at the packing house. Population levels necessary at various fruit growth stages to cause injury to navel oranges, tangerines, and lemons were determined, but attempts to produce these injury patterns on grapefruit by manipulating the mite population were unsuccessful. Scarring did not occur after the fruit had reached the mid-growth. stage regardless of the population level. Cold-pressed rind oil extracted from Valencia oranges, lemons, tangerines, and grapefruit caused mitelike scars on each of these varieties, including grapefruit, when small drops of these oils were placed on the fruit surface. The oil glands on grapefruit appear to be less numerous than on other citrus varieties and B. lewisi are able to feed around them so they do not release grapefruit oil onto the fruit surface.
Pest Management in Citrus Orchards

The history of citrus culture indicates that citrus has many serious or potentially serious pests in each of the citrus growing areas of the United States. Some of those that were most injurious are no longer considered of importance by growers because populations have been reduced to below economic injury levels by introduced biological enemies. Notable examples of major citrus pests that have been reduced in status as citrus pests in California by biological agents include the cottonycushion scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell, brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum L., several species of mealybugs, black scale, Saissetia oleae (Bernard), and yellow scale, Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett). Purple scale Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) and Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) are under biological control in Florida.
Aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis for suppression of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Populus-Quercus forests

In 1990, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki was applied by aircraft at more than twice the standard rate to peak populations of second-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), to see if woodlots could be protected from defoliation even under intense pressure. Aqueous formulations of two products, Dipel 8AF (16.9 billion international units [BIU]/liter, Abbott Laboratories), and Foray 48B (12.7 BIU/liter, Novo Nordisk) were tested. Dipel was applied through both flat fan and rotary atomizer nozzles at 74 BIUlha; Foray was applied through rotary atomizer nozzles at 30 and 74 BIU/ha. Foray and Dipel applied at 74 BIU/ha provided similar levels of foliage protection (21.1 and 26.7% defoliation, respectively) compared with control plots (80.9% defoliation). Flat fan nozzles worked as well as rotary atomizer nozzles (27.9 and 27.9% defoliation, respectively). Under the conditions at our test sites where gypsy moth populations were peaking, B. thuringiensis applied at 74 BIU/ha provided better foliage protection (21.1% defoliation) than when applied at 30 BIU/ha (46.3% defoliation). In 1991, standard rates (30 and 40 BIU/ha) of B. thuringiensis were tested in Crawford County, MI where there was a building infestation of gypsy moth. All B. thuringiensis treatments provided adequate foliage protection (17–35% defoliation) compared with the control (73%). Populations were rapidly expanding in the 1991 test plot locations with little background mortality. Egg mass densities increased in control plots, whereas they remained nearly stationary in plots treated with B. thuringiensis . In 1990, however, gypsy moth populations had peaked in the test area. Egg mass densities decreased slightly in control plots and in plots sprayed with B. thuringiensis . In our test blocks (which were typical of the Michigan suppression program), changes in gypsy moth egg mass densities over one generation were more influenced by initial egg mass density than by aerial application of B. thuringiensis .
Priming of the sweat glands explains reflex sweating in the heat.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether reflex sweating during isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) in the heat was due to a priming effect in the sweat glands or an increase in skin temperature. Ten male subjects completed four trials where they performed IHG for three minutes at 40% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The four trials included: (1) a control trial in thermoneutral conditions (23 ± 1oC), (2) after sitting in hyperthermic conditions (35 ± 1oC) for 30 min, (3) a local heating trial after having their non-exercising arm wrapped in a heat pad that maintained forearm skin temperature at ∼35oC for 30 min, 4) and after pilocarpine iontophoresis to a 5 cm2 area of the forearm. The sweating rate (SR), as measured by resistance hygrometry, was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from baseline during IHG in either the control or local heating trial, but was significantly increased (P < 0.05) from baseline during the hyperthermic and pilocarpine trials. Baseline SR values of the ...
Age heterokaryon studies in Didymium iridis.

(1989). Age Heterokaryon Studies in Didymium Iridis. Mycologia: Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 636-638.
Thermal Conductivity of Ge and Ge–Si Core–Shell Nanowires in the Phonon Confinement Regime

Heterostructure core-shell semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have attracted tremendous interest recently due to their remarkable properties and potential applications as building blocks for nanodevices. Among their unique traits, thermal properties would play a significant role in thermal management of future heterostructure NW-based nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, and energy conversion devices, yet have been explored much less than others. Similar to their electronic counterparts, phonon spectrum and thermal transport properties could be modified by confinement effects and the acoustic mismatch at the core-shell interface in small diameter NWs (<20 nm). However, fundamental thermal measurement on thin core shell NWs has been challenging due to their small size and their expected low thermal conductivity (κ). Herein, we have developed an experimental technique with drastically improved sensitivity capable of measuring thermal conductance values down to ∼10 pW/K. Thermal conductivities of Ge and Ge-Si core-shell NWs with diameters less than 20 nm have been measured. Comparing the experimental data with Boltzmann transport models reveals that thermal conductivities of the sub-20 nm diameter NWs are further suppressed by the phonon confinement effect beyond the diffusive boundary scattering limit. Interestingly, core-shell NWs exhibit different temperature dependence in κ and show a lower κ from 300 to 388 K compared to Ge NWs, indicating the important effect of the core-shell interface on phonon transport, consistent with recent molecular dynamics studies. Our results could open up applications of Ge-Si core shell NWs for nanostructured thermoelectrics, as well as a new realm of tuning thermal conductivity by "phononic engineering".
On Brody and entire curves

We discuss an example of an open subset of a torus which admits a dense entire curve, but no dense Brody curve. Resume (Sur les courbes de Brody et les courbes entieres). — On presente un exemple de sous-ensemble de tore qui possede une courbe entiere dense mais pas de courbe de Brody.
Highly Efficient Activation, Regeneration, and Active Site Identification of Oxide-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts

Supported metal oxide based olefin metathesis catalysts are widely used in the chemical industry. In comparison to their organometallic catalyst cousins, the oxide catalysts have much lower activity due to the very small fraction of active sites. We report that a simple pretreatment of MoO3/SiO2 and WO3/SiO2 under an olefin-containing atmosphere at elevated temperatures leads to a 100–1000-fold increase in the low-temperature propylene metathesis activity. The performance of these catalysts is comparable with those of the well-defined organometallic catalysts. Unprecedentedly, the catalyst can be easily regenerated by inert gas purging at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, using UV resonance Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy, we provide strong evidence that the active sites for MoO3/SiO2 are derived from monomeric Mo(═O)2 dioxo species.
Fueling the Flames: The Expansion of Credit

Speculative manias gather speed through expansion of money and credit. Most expansions of money and credit do not lead to a mania; there are many more economic expansions than there are manias. But every mania has been associated with the expansion of credit. In the last hundred or so years the expansion of credit has been almost exclusively through the banks and the financial system; earlier, non-bank lenders expanded the supply of credit. The tulip bubble mania of the seventeenth century developed with credits from sellers of the bulbs, a seventeenth-century version of ‘vendor financing’.1 John Law had his Banque Generale, later the Banque Royale, as his source of credit while the South Sea Company relied on the Sword Blade Bank. In 1763 credit expansion in Holland was financed by the Wisselruiti, or chains of accommodation bills from one merchant to another. The canal mania of 1793 in Great Britain was fed by spending facilitated by loans from many newly-established country banks to the entrepreneurs who were developing the canals.
Case XX: Foot Pain

A 50-year-old male complains of right foot pain for 2.5 months. He underwent endoscopic plantar fasciotomy 5 months ago. Following his foot surgery, his heel pain improved significantly, but 10 weeks later a new pain started. The new pain is in the arch of the foot and radiates distally. It is cramping and is rated 3/10 on the VAS. It improves with gabapentin and worsens with wearing shoes. PMH significant for borderline diabetes mellitus. On examination, he has normal strength and sensation in the right lower extremity. There is a Tinel’s sign over the right tarsal tunnel. Pulses are normal.
Psychiatric Conditions and Touch

Touch is an understudied sensory modality that has a significant neuroregulatory impact on social and emotional behavior relevant to psychiatric conditions. In particular, the sense of touch has a profound impact on early social development and bonding which makes it particularly relevant for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This chapter reviews behavioral and neural studies of touch in two categories of psychiatric diagnosis: ASD and obsessive compulsive (OCD) and related disorders. In ASD, altered tactile perception seems to be heavily weighted toward affective, rather than discriminative touch, and relates significantly to core symptoms including social deficits and repetitive behaviors. In OCD and related disorders, body-focused repetitive behaviors are significant and debilitating clinical symptoms that often involve affective dysfunction of the somatosensory system, including diminished nociception and/or altered reward response to tactile stimuli. Animal models suggest the involvement of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and oxytocin neurotransmitters/neuropeptides and neuroimaging studies implicate the interface of sensory systems with networks for affect and arousal in both classes of psychiatric conditions, but much more research is needed to clarify the role of touch in these clinical conditions. In addition, our understanding of other psychiatric conditions such as psychotic disorders and mood disorders would benefit substantially from more research on the role of touch in their development and clinical presentation.
Barriers to providing maternity care to women with physical disabilities: Perspectives from health care practitioners.

Abstract Background Women with physical disabilities are known to experience disparities in maternity care access and quality, and communication gaps with maternity care providers, however there is little research exploring the maternity care experiences of women with physical disabilities from the perspective of their health care practitioners. Objective This study explored health care practitioners' experiences and needs around providing perinatal care to women with physical disabilities in order to identify potential drivers of these disparities. Methods We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 14 health care practitioners in the United States who provide maternity care to women with physical disabilities, as identified by affiliation with disability-related organizations, publications and snowball sampling. Descriptive coding and content analysis techniques were used to develop an iterative code book related to barriers to caring for this population. Public health theory regarding levels of barriers was applied to generate broad barrier categories, which were then analyzed using content analysis. Results Participant-reported barriers to providing optimal maternity care to women with physical disabilities were grouped into four levels: practitioner level (e.g., unwillingness to provide care), clinical practice level (e.g., accessible office equipment like adjustable exam tables), system level (e.g., time limits, reimbursement policies), and barriers relating to lack of scientific evidence (e.g., lack of disability-specific clinical data). Conclusion Participants endorsed barriers to providing optimal maternity care to women with physical disabilities. Our findings highlight the needs for maternity care practice guidelines for women with physical disabilities, and for training and education regarding the maternity care needs of this population.
Wearable body sensor network for health care applications

Abstract “Wearable computing” refers to electronic systems that are directly integrated into garments and accessories for constant monitoring and easy accessibility, which is a wearable body sensor network (WBSN) based on smart textiles. WBSNs will be a great solution to enable the ubiquitous noninvasive health monitoring in people's daily life. However, developing smart textile-based body sensor networks poses significant technical challenges for the sensor and sensor network design such as miniaturization of sensors, imbedding sensors in noninvasive wearable structures, the integration of radio integrated circuits (ICs) and modules with body-worn antennas, energy consumption minimization, and data security. In this chapter, the challenges of designing electronic textiles-based body sensor networks are discussed, and strategies and solutions to overcome the problems are proposed. To demonstrate the applicability of smart textile-based body sensor networks, the Internet of Things (IoT) systems for health care and fitness applications will be reviewed.
A composition-morphology map for particle-filled blends of immiscible thermoplastic polymers

Abstract We explore the effects of adding silica particles to blends of two immiscible polymers, polyisobutylene (PIB) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) across a wide range of compositions, and particle loadings of up to 30 vol %. The silica particles have strong affinity for PEO, and hence, if there is sufficient PEO to fully engulf the particles, a combined phase of particles-in-PEO is formed. We construct a composition-morphology map which reveals two microstructures that are qualitatively different from those seen in particle-free polymer blends: one in which particles are bonded together by small menisci of PEO, and the other in which a highly-filled particles-in-PEO phase percolates throughout the sample. Particles widen the composition range over which co-continuous structures appear. Overall we find that particles affect the morphology greatly when the polymer preferred by the particles (PEO) is in a minority, but only modestly when the preferred polymer is in a majority.
Structure and Asymptotic Behavior of Zeros in Multi-Frequency-Scale Systems

Abstract Structure and asymptotic behavior of zeros of single-input single-output multi-frequency-scale systems are investigated. In particular, it is shown that every zero of an N-frequency-scale transfer function H(s, e), which has an expansion of the form s = 0(e -r ), can be asymptotically characterized in terms of the zeros of its single-frequency-scale transfer function Hr(p) when r -= 1,2,., N - 1 and in terms of zeros of H 0 (p) when r ≤ 0.
Three-Dimensional Micro/Nanomaterials Generated by Fiber-Drawing Nanomanufacturing

Fiber drawing nanomanufacturing (FDN) is a new high-yield method to make three-dimensional (3D) ordered micro- and nanostructured materials. The main equipment used in the FDN process is a fiber draw tower, which is similar to those used in industry to make optical fibers for telecommunications. In FDN, glassy materials such as silicate glasses and polymers either in rod form or in tube form with appropriate filling materials can be drawn into fibrous building blocks (FBBs), which can be assembled into ordered 3D structures or ordered bundles of fibers for the next drawing. By repeating the same drawing process several times, the diameters of FBBs can be reduced from centimeters stepwise down to sub-micrometers, while preserving the ordered structures of FBBs. Depending on the properties of glassy materials, the filling materials of choice can be semiconductor materials, glasses, metallic wires, or organic materials. This chapter briefly summarizes several aspects of the FDN technique including material selection, draw process, size control, and assembly and also discusses various examples of FDN.
Research on Difference between HVDC and HVAC Cable Shielding Materials

As DC transmission has been used widely, HVDC and EHVDC Flexible cables are the development direction of power grid in the future. The biggest existing problem of HVDC cable is accumulation of space charges in XLPE insulation and researchers tried to suppress space charges by improving shielding layers which are directly contact with XLPE. Four kinds of HVDC and HVAC cable shielding materials from different manufacturers were selected in this paper. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), volume resistivity and mechanical properties of shielding materials were measured and analyzed. Commercially available insulation material of HVDC cable was selected to prepare samples for space charge tests and the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method was adopted to study space charge injecting effects of shielding materials on XLPE insulation. The results showed that addition of conductive carbon black in HVDC cable shielding materials were lower than that in HVAC cable shielding materials, although volume resistivity of these shielding materials were almost same. Tensile strength and hot set properties of these shielding materials were almost same, but elongation at break of HVDC cable shielding materials were better. HVDC cable shielding materials had a more positive effect on suppressing space charges in XLPE insulation on the basis of lower field enhancement factor (FEF) caused by space charges.