cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Shelf Life of Pasteurized Whole Milk Under Refrigerated Storage Conditions: Predictive Models for Quality Loss.

The shelf life of pasteurized milk is generally determined through microbiological analysis. The objective of this study was to correlate microbial quality parameters then to design predictive models for shelf life of pasteurized milk. We analyzed pasteurized milk (3.9% fat) for aerobic plate counts (APCs), psychrotrophic bacteria counts (PBCs), and Bacillus spp. counts at 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, and 19 (±1 °C) to the end of storage time. We also monitored titratable acidity, pH, and, lipase, and protease activity and correlated this with APC, which is the principal index defining shelf life. Results indicate that the shelf life of pasteurized milk was 24, 36, and 72 h at 19, 15, and 13 °C respectively, as determined by APC and acidity indicators. However, milk stored at lower temperatures of 5, 7, and 10 °C had longer shelf life of 30, 24, and 12 d, respectively. A sharp increase in titratable acidity, while decrease pH were observed when APCs reached 5.0 log10 CFU/mL at all storage temperatures. Lipase and protease activities increased with storage temperature. At 5 and 7 °C, however, protease activity was very low. Therefore, we eliminated this parameter from our quality parameters as a potential spoilage indicator. Practical application Findings of this research are useful for monitoring the quality of commercial pasteurized milk, particularly in locations where environmental conditions make longer storage difficult. The study also provides valuable information for development of colorimetric shelf life indicators.
How the Ocean Works

The oceans are a relatively simple phenomenon when one considers their broad-scale features. They can be extremely complex, however, when details concerning oceanic processes are required. This is partially because we have been studying the oceans only for the last 100 years or so, and with sophisticated equipment for perhaps only the last 10 years, whereas many processes in the ocean take place over time scales that are considerably longer.
Magnetic Field Correction Methods for Hybrid Permanent Magnet and Superconducting Undulators

This work describes tuning methods used at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for hybrid permanent magnet and superconducting undulators (SCUs). The work on the hybrid permanent magnet un...
Simplified Techniques for Radioangiographic Analysis

A variety of equipment is available and in use today that allows the formation of curves of activity as a function of time from selected cardiac chambers and lung fields in conjunction with the radionuclide cardiac-flow study. These radionuclide indicator-dilution (RID) curves can be analyzed to yield information about the hemodynamic status of cardiopulmonary circulation. In this study, RID curves were obtained from a scintillation camera, interfaced to a small on-line computer, and studies were performed pre- and postoperatively on patients undergoing heart surgery. The results from the preoperative studies have been compared with cardiac catheterization data which were available in every case.
Synthesis, Processing, and Manufacturing of Components, Devices, and Systems

The last decade has been an exciting period of discovery in the synthesis and processing of nanostructures. Many new nanomaterials have emerged, along with new fabrication processes to generate them. The last decade has seen penetration of nanotechnology into almost every area and discipline in science and engineering. Nanotechnology has been used in commercial products, including nanostructured coatings, cosmetics, textiles and magnetic storage devices, among many others. While such products mark much more purpose-oriented use and application of nanostructures, there also has been important basic research concerning the toolkits for synthesis, fabrication, and patterning of nanostructures, in addition to bioinspired synthesis and directed self-assembly. Many of these advances show great promise for the development of new nanomanufacturing processes that will drive the creation of future nanosystems and devices. For example, the last ten years have seen the development of novel synthesis approaches for a range of nanoscale materials including aerosols, colloids, thin-films, nanocrystalline metals, ceramics, biomaterials, and nanoporous or nanocomposite structures. Importantly, several of these methodologies have improved upon industrially-relevant practices such as combustion, electrophoretic processes, electrodeposition, electrospinning, anodization, and sputtering. Over the same period of time, entirely new nanostructures, such as graphene, have been identified and their unique properties may lead to important technology advances.
Two case studies in cost-sensitive concept acquisition

This paper explores the problem of learning from examples when feature measurement costs are significant. It then extends two effective and familiar learning methods, ID3 and IBL, to address this problem. The extensions, CS-ID3 and CS-IBL, are described in detail and are tested in a natural robot domain and a synthetic domain. Empirical studies support the hypothesis that the extended methods are indeed sensitive to feature costs: they deal effectively with varying cost distributions and with irrelevant features.
Monoclonal Antibodies for the Detection of a Specific Cyclic DNA Adduct Derived from ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

Lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is an endogenous source of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes that react with DNA producing a variety of cyclic adducts. The mutagenic cyclic adducts, specifically those derived from oxidation of ω-6 PUFAs, may contribute to the cancer promoting activities associated with ω-6 PUFAs. ( E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a unique product of ω-6 PUFAs oxidation. HNE reacts with deoxyguanosine (dG) yielding mutagenic 1, N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts (HNE-dG). Earlier studies showed HNE can also be oxidized to its epoxide (EH), and EH can react with deoxyadenosine (dA) forming the well-studied edA and the substituted etheno adducts. Using a liquid chromatography-based tandem mass spectroscopic (LC-MS/MS) method, we previously reported the detection of EH-derived 7-(1',2'-dihydroxyheptyl)-1, N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine (DHHedA) as a novel endogenous background adduct in DNA from rodent and human tissues. The formation, repair, and mutagenicity of DHHedA and its biological consequences in cells have not been investigated. To understand the roles of DHHedA in carcinogenesis, it is important to develop an immuno-based assay to detect DHHedA in cells and tissues. In this study we describe the development of monoclonal antibodies specifically against DHHedA and its application to detect DHHedA in human cells.
Moving to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse: Dance/Movement Therapy as Primary Prevention

Child sexual abuse (CSA) has adverse effects on both the child and the community. While many therapists know of these effects through working with survivors, therapy can and should also be used as a primary prevention tool. Looking at the evolution of CSA prevention efforts, one can see that the field has begun to recognize the importance of community involvement as well as experiential learning. Dance/movement therapy (DMT) may provide the next horizon for addressing these aspects of prevention by building both individual and community resilience through movement and the body. This paper proposes a DMT CSA prevention program centered around three skill-building areas: body awareness, boundary awareness, and communication. Through work within these areas a dance/movement therapist can help individuals and communities begin to integrate their own body awareness with the goals of CSA prevention programs in a way that more fully addresses both the whole person and the whole picture of CSA.
Atoh1/MATH1 Adds Up to Ciliogenesis for Transducing SHH Signaling in the Cerebellum.

In the developing cerebellum, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is required for expansion of cerebellar granule neural progenitors, proposed to be cells-of-origin for the SHH-driven pediatric brain tumor medulloblastoma. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Chang et al. (2019) show that the transcription factor Atoh1/MATH1 regulates primary cilium formation, enabling SHH signaling.
Poxvirus oncolytic virotherapy

Introduction: Over the last decade, advances in biological therapies have resulted in remarkable clinical responses for the treatment of some previously incurable cancers. Oncolytic virotherapy is ...
Impact of novel oral anticoagulants vs warfarin on effusions after coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND Novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have been shown to have comparable risk profiles compared with warfarin. However, data on the use of NOACs in cardiac surgery patients is limited. The aim of this study is to compare postoperative effusion rates in patients who were anticoagulated with NOACs vs warfarin after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS A retrospective review of 2017 patients undergoing isolated CABG from 2014 to 2017 was performed. Of those patients, 246 patients (12.2%) were placed on either a NOAC or warfarin postoperatively. The combined rates of postoperative pericardial and pleural effusions requiring invasive intervention during the index hospitalization and up to 3 months postoperatively were compared between patients who were placed on NOACs vs warfarin. RESULTS Of the 246 patients placed on oral anticoagulation after isolated CABG, 64 (26.0%) were placed on NOACs, and 182 (74.0%) received warfarin. There were no significant differences in preoperative coagulation profile and use of anticoagulation and antiplatelets preoperatively between the groups. Of the patients anticoagulated with NOACs postoperatively, 17 patients (26.6%) required invasive interventions for effusions compared with 24 patients (13.2%) in the cohort anticoagulated with warfarin (P < 0.014). Of the patients who required interventions for effusions, those on NOACs were more likely to require delayed interventions compared with those on warfarin. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving NOACs after CABG are at increased risk of developing effusions requiring invasive interventions compared to patients receiving warfarin. This increased risk should be taken into consideration when choosing the appropriate anticoagulation strategy for postoperative patients with CABG.
Do bank managers use securitization gains to smooth earnings in the post- FAS 166/167 period?

Abstract Previous literature has documented that securitization gains were used for income smoothing in the era before FAS 166 and FAS 167, 1 which tightened the requirements for sale accounting for securitizations. Using securitizing bank holding companies, we examine whether FAS 166/167 has reduced this income smoothing behavior. Our findings include two facets. First, at the aggregate level, time series statistics show that both the frequency of non-zero securitization gains reported and the magnitude of reported securitization gains are significantly reduced in the post- FAS 166/167 period. Second, at the firm level, our regression results indicate that even though the extent of this income smoothing behavior decreased after the issuance of FAS 166/167, securitization gains continue to be used to smooth earnings by securitizing banks in the post-FAS 166/167 period. Overall, our findings convey that FAS 166/167 has reduced the securitization gains recorded by banks but that after the regulation, banks still use securitization gains to smooth earnings.
A 30 Year Old Woman with a Red Face

A 30-year-old female presents to the office complaining of redness of her face. The patient reports that over the last few months her face is often flushed and she sometimes felt a stinging sensation of her bilateral cheeks. The symptoms are worse after she spends time outside playing tennis or drinking alcohol. She also notices that for several minutes after application of certain facial cleansers and lotions her face would burn. More recently she developed prominent blood vessels along the sides of her nose.
Adherence and persistence among patients with type 2 diabetes initiating dulaglutide compared with semaglutide and exenatide BCise: 6-month follow-up from US real-world data.

AIM To compare 6-month adherence, persistence and treatment patterns among patients initiating once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), dulaglutide versus semaglutide, and dulaglutide versus exenatide BCise, using claims from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients aged ≥18 years, with type 2 diabetes, ≥1 claim for dulaglutide, semaglutide or exenatide BCise during the index period February 2018 to December 2018 (index date = earliest GLP-1RA fill date), no claim for GLP-1RAs in the 6-month pre-index period, and continuous enrolment 6 months pre- and post-index were included. Dulaglutide users were propensity-matched 1:1 to semaglutide users (3852 pairs) or exenatide BCise users (1879 pairs). The proportions of adherent (proportion of days covered ≥80%) patients were compared using chi-squared tests. Persistence, measured as days to discontinuation, was analysed using a Cox regression model. RESULTS Matched cohorts (dulaglutide:semaglutide and dulagutide:exenatide BCise) were balanced in baseline characteristics and the mean age was 54 and 55 years, respectively, with approximately 51% and 49% women, respectively. At 6 months, significantly more dulaglutide users were adherent than semaglutide (59.7% vs. 42.7%; P <0.0001) or exenatide BCise users (58.1% vs. 40.3%; P <0.0001). Cox regression showed that dulaglutide users were less likely to discontinue therapy than semaglutide (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66, 0.76) or exenatide BCise users (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.53, 0.65; P <0.0001, both). CONCLUSION At 6-month follow-up, a higher proportion of patients initiating dulaglutide were adherent to and persistent with their treatment, compared to matched patients initiating either semaglutide or exenatide BCise.
$4\times 4$ LTE MIMO Antenna Performance for Automotive Applications

In the last few years, MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) Cellular Antenna communication and high data streaming, have been developed and integrated into several vehicles lines by Automotive OEMs. The performance of Cellular Communication systems, in terms of uplink/downlink throughput is influenced by dynamic network factors such as Network traffic, time of day, network size, and location/environment. And, more recently $4\times 4$ MIMO Cellular Communication are being developed for automotive applications to support 4G LTE Advanced Communication and subsequently 5G New Radio (NR) in an Over the Air (OTA) chamber Environment. This paper demonstrates MIMO Cellular Antenna performance OTA Chamber for $4\times 4$ automotive Antenna system for various modulation schemes.
A dynamic price model based on supply and demand with application to techno-economic assessments of rare earth element recovery technologies

Abstract Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are essential for sustainable energy technologies. Techno-economic Assessments (TEAs) have been conducted to evaluate innovative approaches to recover REEs from waste streams. However, most TEA studies do not consider the price volatility of REEs, which raises concern over the reliability of the analysis in an unpredictable dynamic market. To address this shortcoming, a dynamic price model is proposed that adjusts REE price based upon supply-demand conditions. The dynamic market behavior is simulated and its effect on a TEA is examined via a case study. The results of the dynamic simulation indicate a growing trend of the market price for REE materials/products. Compared to a conventional TEA that does not consider price dynamics, a significant difference in economic performance metrics is identified from the dynamic TEA results. The proposed dynamic TEA method is not limited to a specific application and can provide insights for evaluating a broad range of technologies.
Hacks, Leaks, and Data Dumps: The Right to Publish Illegally Acquired Information Twenty Years After Bartnicki v. Vopper

This Article addresses a fluid and increasingly salient category of cases involving the First Amendment right to publish information that was hacked, stolen, or illegally leaked by someone else. Twenty years ago, in Bartnicki v. Vopper, the Supreme Court appeared to give broad constitutional cover to journalists and other publishers in these situations, but Justice Stevens’s inexact opinion for the Court and Justice Breyer’s muddling concurrence left the boundaries unclear. The Bartnicki framework is now implicated in dozens of new cases— from the extradition and prosecution of Julian Assange, to Donald Trump’s threatened suit of The New York Times over his tax records, to the civil suits spawned by the hack of DNC servers—so there is a pressing need for clarity. The empirical part of this Article presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of every case applying Bartnicki over the past two decades to determine if lower courts have answered the questions Bartnicki left open and to identify points of confluence and conflict. The analysis shows courts are divided about nearly every aspect of Bartnicki. There is a circuit split regarding the amount of separation a publisher must have from a source in order to be protected, division about the relevance of statutory prohibitions on receiving or possessing certain information, and confusion about how to assess whether publications, particularly those involving large caches of data, address matters of public concern. The normative part of this Article proposes a reorientation of courts’ approaches to these issues by (1) untethering liability for the procurement, receipt, and publication of information, treating each as a legally discrete act; (2) denying Bartnicki protection only to those who directly participate or assist in the illegal procurement of information; (3) treating as a First Amendment violation any law punishing those who merely receive or possess newsworthy information; and (4) engaging in more contextual analyses of “public concern.” All of these changes will help stabilize the law, strike a better balance between newsgathering and secrecy, and vitalize press and citizen communication at a time of decreasing government and private-sector transparency.
Physical Therapy and Sedation While on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objectives This study aimed to determine whether patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) achieved lower rates of physical therapy participation and required more sedation than those on ECMO without COVID-19. Design Retrospective, observational, matched-cohort study. Setting Bicenter academic quaternary medical centers. Participants All adults on ECMO for severe COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during 2020 and matched (matched 1:1 based on age ± 15 years and medical center) adults on ECMO for ARDS not associated with COVID-19. Interventions Observational only. Measurements and Main Results Measurements were collected retrospectively during the first 20 days of ECMO support and included daily levels of physical therapy activity, number of daily sedation infusions and doses, and level of sedation and agitation (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Score). During the first 20 days of ECMO support, the 22 patients who were on ECMO for COVID-19–associated ARDS achieved a similar proportion of days with active physical therapy participation while on ECMO compared to matched patients on ECMO for non-COVID-19 ARDS (22.5% v 7.5%, respectively; p value 0.43), a similar proportion of days with Richmond Agitation and Sedation Score ≥-2 while on ECMO (47.5% v 27.5%, respectively; p value 0.065), and a similar proportion of days with chemical paralysis while on ECMO (8.4% v 18.0%, respectively; p value 0.35). Conclusions The results of this matched cohort study supported that sedation requirements were not dramatically greater and did not significantly limit early physical therapy for patients who had COVID-19–associated ARDS and were on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) versus those without COVID-19–associated ARDS who were on VV-ECMO.
The viability of complex coacervate encapsulated probiotics during simulated sequential gastrointestinal digestion affected by wall materials and drying methods.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of protein type (sodium caseinate and pea protein isolate) and protein to sugar beet pectin mixing ratio (5 : 1 and 2 : 1) on complex coacervate formation, as well as the impact of the finishing technology (freeze-drying and spray-drying) for improving the viability of encapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in complex coacervates during simulated sequential gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. The physicochemical properties of LGG encapsulated microcapsules in liquid and powder form were evaluated. The state diagram and ζ-potential results indicated that pH 3.0 was the optimum pH for coacervate formation in the current systems. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), viscoelastic analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the gel-like network structure of the complex coacervates was successfully formed between the protein and SBP at pH 3.0 through electrostatic interaction. In terms of physiochemical properties and viability of LGG encapsulated in the microcapsule powder, the drying method played a crucial role on particle size, microstructure and death rate of encapsulated LGG during simulated sequential GI digestion compared to protein type and biopolymer mixing ratio. For example, the microstructure of spray-dried microcapsules exhibited smaller spherical particles with some cavities, whereas the larger particle size of freeze-dried samples showed a porous sponge network structure with larger particle sizes. As a result, spray-dried LGG microcapsules generally had a lower death rate during simulated sequential gastrointestinal digestion compared to their freeze-dried counterparts. Among all samples, spray-dried PPI–SBP microcapsules demonstrated superior performance against cell loss and maintained more than 7.5 log CFU per g viable cells after digestion.
DNA and the Book of Mormon: Science, Settlers, and Scripture

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints published an online essay entitled "Book of Mormon and DNA Studies" on January 31, 2014 that conceded the failure of DNA evidence to provide affirmative support for the scripture's historical claims. Yet, the essay insists on a priority of scriptural over historical claims and offers possible reasons for the lack of genetic evidence of the ancient migrations from the Near East described in the Book of Mormon. This chapter summarizes the church's essay, the historical context behind the issues it addresses, and offers constructive and critical analysis of its claims. The chapter examines the settler colonial context out of which the Book of Mormon emerged and considers Indigenous critiques of the Book of Mormon alongside scientific analysis. The church's essay fails to engage Indigenous perspectives, ignores historical anachronisms in the Book of Mormon and avoids a discussion of oral history, archaeological, ecological, and linguistic evidence contradicting the Book of Mormon's portrayal of a white race of Nephites in ancient America. A more forthright confession of a nineteenth-century origin of the Book of Mormon and a more explicit repudiation of its racism are still needed if church leaders hope to rebuild trust with skeptical members and to establish more diplomatic and equitable relations with American Indians.
Cellular Specificity in DNA Damage, Repair, and Replication during Chronic Carcinogen Exposure

In order to make rational use of human cells and tissues in the evaluation of risk from chemical or physical agents, it is crucial that a better understanding of the molecular events leading to malignant transformation be reached. It is of little use simply to replace studies on animal cells with human cells unless it is known which molecular processes and changes are relevant and should be quantified. In this paper, we present data in support of the hypothesis that the replication of DNA which contains promutagenic DNA damage is necessary for the initiation of carcinogenesis. If this hypothesis is true, and the relevant types of DNA damage can be identified and monitored in human cells, the possibility of quantitatively assessing risk using human cells will be greatly enhanced.
Coupled Coarse Graining and Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Lattice Systems

We propose an efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for sampling equilibrium distributions for stochastic lattice models. The method is capable of handling correctly and efficiently long and short-range particle interactions. The proposed method is a Metropolis-type algorithm with the proposal probability transition matrix based on the coarse-grained approximating measures introduced in (Katsoulakis et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100(3):782–787, 2003; Katsoulakis et al. ESAIM-Math. Model. Numer. Anal. 41(3):627–660, 2007). The proposed algorithm reduces the computational cost due to energy differences and has comparable mixing properties with the classical microscopic Metropolis algorithm, controlled by the level of coarsening and reconstruction procedure. The properties and effectiveness of the algorithm are demonstrated with an exactly solvable example of a one dimensional Ising-type model, comparing efficiency of the single spin-flip Metropolis dynamics and the proposed coupled Metropolis algorithm.
Some point set topology

We shall accept as primitive (undefined) the concepts of a set (collection, family) of objects and the concept of an object belonging to a set.
Does Bank Regulation Retard or Contribute to Systemic Risk

The prevention of "systemic risk" and a collapse of the banking system is often cited as an objective and rationale for bank regulation and government guarantees, but guarantees and bailouts change the incentives for bank managers and depositors and can lead to an increase in bank failures and losses. Is the net balance favorable, and what might be done to improve it? The paper distinguishes among three different concepts of how a systemic collapse might occur: a large exogenous shock, a failure of one or a few major banks transmitted by a chain reaction among interconnected institutions, and the failure of one bank providing information causing a reassessment of other similar institutions. A key issue becomes whether market participants do a reasonably accurate job of distinguishing insolvent banks from temporarily illiquid ones; that is an empirical question, and some of the evidence is examined. The final section of the paper looks at ways, for each type of systemic risk, bank supervisors might improve the efficiency of their actions.
Stalinism on the Frontier of Empire: Women and State Formation in the Soviet Far East

Introduction 1. Women and Soviet power 2. 'Where steel cracks like glass' 3. 'Our famous Valia'. The rise of a Soviet notable 4. 'Envy for everything heroic'. Women volunteering for the frontier 5. 'Bol'shevichki were never ascetics!': female morale and Communist morality 6. Snivelers and patriots Conclusion.
Training Random Asymmetric ‘Neural’ Networks Towards Chaos — A Progress Report

We explore a non-Hebbian plasticity algorithm for a random asymmetric ‘neural’ network in synchronous, discrete time, which causes the period of the network’s inherent limit cycles to quickly diverge with the plasticity parameter. The limit cycle period has a strong peak as we increase the neural units’ thresholds from normal thresholds. It is much easier to increase the limit cycle period by the plasticity algorithm, when the memory of the accumulating signal of the fields at the non-firing units is non-zero.
Developments in Control of Time-Delay Systems for Automotive Powertrain Applications

In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of several application problems in the area of automotive powertrain control, which can greatly benefit from applications of analysis and control design methods developed for time-delay systems. The first two applications considered concern, respectively, the idle speed control (ISC) and air-to-fuel ratio control in gasoline engines. The third application concerns an estimation problem in modern diesel engines with exhaust gas recirculation and variable geometry turbocharging. The nature of the delays and the role played by them in these applications is highlighted and the imposed performance limitations are discussed. Links are provided with theoretical literature on the analysis and control of time-delay systems and modeling details are discussed to a level that will permit other researchers to use the associated models for simulation case studies.
The Power of Social Influence on Estimation Accuracy

Research shows that crowds can provide more accurate estimates of uncertain quantities than individuals (Surowiecki, 2004). But little is known about how to organize crowd members to maximize accuracy. When should crowd members work independently, and when should they work collaboratively? We examined the effects of social influence on estimation accuracy, consensus, and confidence. Participants first made independent estimates of uncertain quantities, such as the percentage of U.S. deaths due to heart attacks or the height of the tallest building. Then, in some conditions, they interacted with others online. After the discussion, they made second independent estimates. Social interaction improved accuracy. Despite well-known problems with groups, such as herding and free riding, discussion resulted in more accurate estimates and greater consensus relative to independent estimates. We offer a simple model that describes the process by which group discussion improves the estimates of uncertain quantities
Lifetime and oscillator-strength studies involving the (6s6p) 3 P 1 -(6s7s) 1 S 0 transition of atomic Yb

The oscillator strength of the (6s6p${)\mathrm{}}^{3}$${P}_{1}$-(6s7s${)\mathrm{}}^{1}$${S}_{0}$ transition and the lifetime of the (6s7s${)\mathrm{}}^{1}$${S}_{0}$ state in $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ have been measured to be (8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ and 45.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 nsec, respectively. The former value was obtained by use of coherent optical techniques (optical nutation and ac Stark splitting), while the latter was obtained by monitoring cascade fluorescence following pulsed excitation.
A pilot study of peer review in residency training

OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of peer review (review by fellow interns or residents in the firm) as an additional method of evaluation in a university categorical internal medicine residency program.
Organizational Effectiveness: An Empirical Comparision of the Goal and System Resource Approaches*

The goal and system resource approaches represent alternative conceptions of organizational effectiveness. The goal approach views effectiveness in terms of internal organizational objectives and p...
Expression of nociceptin/OFQ receptor and prepro-nociceptin/OFQ in lymphoid tissues

Abstract This study was undertaken to examine the presence of functional nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptors in the immune system. Receptor mRNA signals were detected by RT-PCR in porcine thymus, lymph nodes, spleen and freshly-isolated splenocytes; the distribution of prepro-nociceptin/-orphanin FQ (PP-N/-OFQ) mRNA was similar, with the exception of lymph nodes. However, specific [3H]nociceptin binding sites were not detected in rat or porcine lymphoid tissues, and 0.1–100 nM nociceptin had no effect on forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP concentrations in porcine splenocytes. Thus, it appears that nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor mRNA, but not a functional receptor protein is expressed in the immune system.
Photoisomerization of colchicine. Loss of significant antimitotic activity in human lymphocytes.

Colchicine exposed to ultraviolet light is photoisomerized to form the lumicolchicines. Other studies have shown that light-altered colchicine has reduced biologic activity in plants and lower animals. The effects of colchicine and lumicolchicine on arresting mitosis in metaphase were studied in human lymphocytes in tissue culture. Lumicolchicine was ineffective and not different from controls, even in concentrations of 1 × 10−6 M. The possible clinical relevance of these data are discussed.
P02.08. Patient reported outcomes from complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (PROCAIM): a feasibility practice network study

Methods The study was a longitudinal observational, cohort study with data collected at baseline and three months. Nine integrative medicine clinics housed at academic health centers that were members of the Consortium for Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine (CAHCIM) were invited to participate. Each academic health center was asked to obtain IRB approval for the study. Clinic patients enrolled in the study were given instructions for logging on to the project website to complete the following questionnaires: demographic, quality of life (SF-12), brief pain inventory, and an evaluation of the web-based system. Three months after completing baseline questionnaires patients were notified by email with instructions to complete final quality of life and pain questionnaires. Change in quality of life and pain were analyzed by paired t-test.
REVIEW OF RECENT ADVANCES IN TRANSITION AND LANTHANIDE METAL–DOPED GaN AND ZnO

Wide band gap semiconductors such as GaN and ZnO have continued to be at the forefront of spintronics research due to the demonstration of room-temperature ferromagnetism in these materials. A goal of this research is the fabrication of a spintronic device that may provide easy incorporation into existing GaN and ZnO technologies, higher integration density, and less power consumption that its electronic counterparts while achieving similar speeds. The progression of the ferromagnetic metals incorporated into GaN has moved from transition metals to rare earth metals such as the lanthanides. The properties of transition metal–doped ZnO thin films for the two most studied transition metal dopants, namely Mn and Co, are also discussed in this review.
The relationship between post-load plasma glucose and blood pressure at different resting heart rates.

Abstract Previous studies have indicated that heart rate and post-load plasma glucose are independently related to blood pressure. This study explores these relationships further. Of 39,665 adults screened in Chicago firms between late 1967 and early 1973, 27,117 white men and women aged 18–64, not receiving drug treatment for hypertension or diabetes, are the focus of this study. Within each age sex group, the sample was stratified by heart rate. Within each heart rate group a multiple linear regression analysis was done with blood pressure the dependent variable and plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, relative weight, age and number of cigarettes per day the independent variables. Within each age sex group glucose was progressively higher with higher heart rates. In addition, the glucose coefficients tended to be larger at higher heart rates, especially in men age 25 and over, i.e. the glucose blood pressure association was stronger in men with high heart rate. These results suggest that there exists a population of individuals with the triad of high blood pressure, high heart rate, and high glucose whose hypertension may have a distinct etiology and/or pathogenesis.
Using Pseudotime Solution Framework in Harmonic Balance Methods for Aperiodic Problems

Nomenclature D = time-domain spectral time-derivative matrix Ej = error in jth set of equations resulting from approximation made in envelope harmonic balance method F = vector of f sampled over one period of ω; ff x t0 ; f x t1 ; : : : ; f x t2N g F = amplitude of forcing in Van der Pol equation f = vector of nonlinear functions in system of ordinary differential equations F0,Fk1, Fk2 = Fourier-series coefficients for f G = system of harmonic balance equations in frequency domain g = vector of Fourier coefficients for f ; fF0;F1; : : : ;F2Ng ~ G = time-domain pseudospectral equations k2, k1 = indices used to enumerate Fourier coefficients m = dimension of system of ordinary differential equations N = number of terms in Fourier series t = time ti = sample points in time for time-domain pseudospectral method; i2π∕ω 2N 1 x = system states X0, Xk1, Xk2 = Fourier-series coefficients for x X = vector of Fourier coefficients for x; fX0;X1; : : : ;X2Ng Y = vector of systems states sampled over one period of ω; fx t0 ; x t1 ; : : : ; x t2Ng α = parameter in Van der Pol equation Δt = time step used in numerical integration σ = ω1 − ω0 τ = pseudocontinuation parameter (pseudotime) φ = Fourier basis functions; f1; sin ωt ; cos ωt ; : : : ; cos Nωt g φ, ψ = phase angles Ω = Fourier spectral differentiation matrix ω = Fundamental frequency ω0 = frequency of free oscillation in Van der Pol equation ω1 = forcing frequency in Van der Pol equation
The Adult Attachment Interview and Self-Reports of Attachment Style: An Empirical Rapprochement

Although 10 studies have been published on the empirical overlap of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and measures of self-reported attachment style, results in this literature have been inconsistently interpreted in narrative reviews. This report was designed as a rapprochement of the AAI and attachment style literatures and includes 3 studies. Study 1 (combined N = 961) is a meta-analytic review showing that by J. Cohen's (1992) criteria (mean r = .09), the association between AAI security and attachment style dimensions is trivial to small. Study 2 (N = 160) confirms meta-analytic results with state-of-the-art assessments of attachment security and also examines attachment dimensions in relation to the Big 5 personality traits. Finally, Study 3 is an investigation of 50 engaged couples that shows that developmental and social psychological measures of attachment security predict somewhat distinct--though theoretically anticipated--aspects of functioning in adult relationships.
Effect of heat treatment on the photoelectric properties of class I CdS single crystals

The photoelectronic properties of virgin CdS platelets, sublimed and cooled in an N2–H2S atmosphere, were altered by heat treatment in ultra-high vacuum. The untreated crystals showed a strongly structured spectral distribution of the photoconductivity (SDP) at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), having maxima (Class I) or minima (Class II) in coincidence with maxima of the intrinsic exciton absorption in addition to several characteristic peaks attributed to bound exciton excitation. Changes in the room temperature and LNT SDP of Class I crystals, occurring upon treatment below 200 °C, are interpreted in terms of thermal desorption of oxygen from the surface and evaporation of a thin layer of excess cadmium. Continuing cadmium evaporation and bulk sensitization caused by dissociation of intrinsic defect associates are assumed to be responsible for the irreversible changes observed upon treatment above 200 °C: a change of Class I crystals into Class II, and increase in photosensitivity and a decrease in the LNT green-edge emission. A model for Class I and Class II photoconductivity involving an electron lifetime that changes with distance from the crystal surface is presented. Die photoelektronischen Eigenschaften von jungfraulichen CdS-Einkristallen, die in einer N2–H2S-Atmosphare sublimiert und abgekuhlt wurden, werden durch Temperung im Ultrahochvakuum verandert. Die ungetemperten Kristalle zeigen ein stark strukturiertes Spektrum der Photoleitfahigkeit bei der Temperatur des flussigen Stickstoffes und haben Maxima (Klasse I) oder Minima (Klasse II), die mit den Maxima der Absorption von Gitter-Exzitonen koinzidieren zusatzlich zu mehreren charakteristischen Maxima, die gebundenen Exzitonen zugeschrieben werden. Veranderungen der spektralen Vertellung der Photoleitfahigkeit von Klasse-I-Kristallen, die nach einer Temperung unterhalb von 200 °C auftreten, werden als Folge der thermischen Desorption von Sauerstoff an der Oberflache und der Verdampfung einer dunnen Schicht von Uberschuskadmium gedeutet. Weitere Verdampfung von Kadmium und Volumen-Sensibilisierung, die durch die Dissoziation von Eigendefekt-Assoziaten verursacht wird, sind vermutlich verantwortlich fur irreversible Veranderungen, die nach einer Temperung bei uber 200° erfolgen, namlich eine Umwandlung von Klasse-I- in Klasse-II-Kristalle, eine Erhohung der Photoleitfahigkeit und eine Verringerung der grunen Kantenemission bei Stickstofftemperaturen. Ein Modell fur Klasse-I- und Klasse-II-Photoleitfahigkeit, das die Lebensdauer von Elektronen als Funktion des Abstandes von der Oberflache enthalt, wird vorgeschlagen.
Journal publications in radiologic education: a review of the literature, 1987-1997.

Rationale and Objectives This study was designed to analyze articles on radiologic education quantitatively and qualitatively, comparing those published in 1987–1997 with those published in 1966–1986. Materials and Methods An initial literature search used four major databases to identify and retrieve articles related to radiologic education. Additional articles were identified through manual cross-checking of references from the original articles. All articles were reviewed by two radiologists as to type of article (editorial, expository, survey, correlational, or experimental, including preexperimental, quasi-experimental, or true experimental), statistics used (inferential or descriptive), educational emphasis (medical student, resident, postgraduate, or other), and topic of article (philosophical or political, technology, program evaluation, program description, examinations, or career decisions). Interrater agreement was estimated by means of the κ statistic. A χ2 test for independence was used to assess whether the relative distribution of articles was similar for the two periods. Results More articles per year were published in 1987–1997 (n = 12.6, P < .01) compared with 1966–1986 (n = 9.2). Articles pertinent to radiologic resident education predominated (50.7% vs 29.9% in the prior study, P < .01). In both periods, most articles were expository (37.7% vs 49.5%), and the most common topic was program description (34% vs 35%). Editorials decreased from 35.5% to 18.1%. Experimental studies accounted for 12.3%, increased from 8.7%. The fastest-growing topic of study was technology (30.4% vs 17.5%, P < .01). Conclusion The increased number of articles addressing radiologic education is encouraging. Although the percentage of experimental studies increased slightly in this period, there is still little empirical research in radiologic education.
Failure of PHA-stimulated i(12p) lymphocytes to divide in Pallister-Killian syndrome.

Abstract The diagnosis of Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is confirmed by tissue-specific mosaicism of i(12p). The isochromosome is found in skin fibroblasts and bone marrow, but rarely in peripheral lymphocytes. The nature of the isochromosome loss was evaluated using 2 techniques: micronucleus formation for anaphase lag and in situ DNA hybridization for mosaicism in interphase cells. Cells from serial cultured fibroblasts, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and bone marrow from 4 PKS patients were used for the above analysis. Micronucleus formation was similar for PKS and normal diploid cultures, ruling out loss of i(12p) by anaphase lag as the major mechanism of in vitro mosaicism. In situ hybridization using an alpha satellite DNA probe for chromosome 12 was used to examine the presence of the i(12p) in interphase fibroblasts from 1 patient and lymphocytes from 2 patients (age 8 weeks and 1 day). The i(12p) was present in a significantly higher proportion of interphase nuclei in peripheral lymphocytes than in metaphase, suggesting the initial loss of the isochromosome is exaggerated in metaphase by selective division in vitro. In situ hybridization of peripheral lymphocyte interphase cells with chromosome 12 specific probes may be a useful supplemental procedure for the diagnosis of PKS, at least in the newborn infant.
Slavery, memory, and the history of the “Atlantic now”: Charleston, South Carolina and global racial/economic hierarchy

Using the bicentenary of the banning of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States, this paper looks at the way in which the history of slavery has been under‐represented and erased in Charleston, SC, the single most important port of entry for enslaved Africans into continental North America prior to 1808. Although current efforts to commemorate slavery and its abolition in the area are encouraging, recent disputes on the waterfront in Charleston reveal how the Atlantic remains haunted by a racialized economic hierarchy.
Splenic rupture in patients with hematologic malignancies

Five cases of pathologic rupture of the spleen in patients with hematologic malignancy are presented along with a review of the 48 cases previously described in the English literature. Pathologic splenic rupture occurred most commonly in patients with acute leukemia but has been well documented in chronic leukemias and in lymphoma as well. Nearly all patients experience abdominal pain at the time of rupture; however, this pain was frequently confused clinically with that of biliary tract obstruction, aortic aneurysm, perforated viscus, pancreatitis, and angina pectoris. Pain referred to the left shoulder (Kehr's sign) was present in only 17% of patients. Hypotension was documented in 66%, fever in 74%, and tachycardia in 75%. The most effective diagnostic procedure was paracentesis, which confirmed intraabdominal hemorrhage in each of the nine cases in which the procedure was used. A correct preoperative diagnosis of splenic rupture was reported in only 10 of the 53 cases reviewed. Fifty-two percent of the patients underwent laparotomy; 48% died without operation. Of those that underwent surgery, 78% survived the procedure and the immediate postoperative period. The survival rate of all patients was 38%. There was no correlation of the type of hematologic malignancy, occurrence or type of treatment, peripheral blood counts, or spleen size to survival. The most important factor in predicting survival was appropriate surgery.
A Shaker K+ Channel with a Miniature Engineered Voltage Sensor

Voltage-gated ion channels sense transmembrane voltage changes via a paddle-shaped motif that includes the C-terminal part of the third transmembrane segment (S3b) and the N-terminal part of the fourth segment ((NT)S4) that harbors voltage-sensing arginines. Here, we find that residue triplets in S3b and (NT)S4 can be deleted individually, or even in some combinations, without compromising the channels' basic voltage-gating capability. Thus, a high degree of complementarity between these S3b and (NT)S4 regions is not required for basic voltage gating per se. Remarkably, the voltage-gated Shaker K(+) channel remains voltage gated after a 43 residue paddle sequence is replaced by a glycine triplet. Therefore, the paddle motif comprises a minimal core that suffices to confer voltage gating in the physiological voltage range, and a larger, modulatory part. Our study also shows that the hydrophobic residues between the voltage-sensing arginines help set the sensor's characteristic chemical equilibrium between activated and deactivated states.