cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Survey Analysis of Women's Long-Term, Postdivorce Adjustment

Abstract This study examined the long-term adjustment to divorce for women. The women (N = 272) were surveyed during the summer and fall of 1994, and the winter of 1995; they had to have been divorced for a minimum of five years and not remarried. The sample was obtained from a variety of social, religious, fraternal, and employment networks in 20 states. Adjustment was measured by standardized scales including depression, self-esteem, and sustained impact of trauma. Findings were derived through bivariate and mul-tivariate analysis. Twenty-six percent of the women were found to have a clinically significant problem with depression. Contributing to this depression were the following: abuse (physical, verbal/emotional, infidelity) during the marriage, poor legal representation at divorce, persistent strong negative feelings about the former spouse, lack of friend and family support at time of divorce, low level of social activity during and after marriage, lower income, and the lack of a romantic partner a...
Mitochondrial Inheritance in Budding Yeast

During the past decade significant advances were made toward understanding the mechanism of mitochondrial inheritance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A combination of genetics, cell-free assays and microscopy has led to the discovery of a great number of components. These fall into three major categories: cytoskeletal elements, mitochondrial membrane components and regulatory proteins. These proteins mediate activities, including movement of mitochondria from mother cells to buds, segregation of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA, and equal distribution of the organelle between mother cells and buds during yeast cell division.
Flexible data organization with visualization support for a visual database system

A successful visual database system must provide facilities to manage both image data and the products extracted from them. The extracted items usually consist of textual and numeric data from which multiple visualizations can be created. Such visualizations are difficult to automate because they are domain-specific and often require data from multiple sources. In the Database Environment for Vision Research (DEVR) we address these issues. DEVR is an entity- oriented, scientific, visual database system. In DEVR, entities are stored in hierarchical, relational data structures. The schema for each entity contains a name, a set of properties, a set of parts, a set of attributed relations among the parts and a set of graphic definitions which describe how to build instance-specific visualizations. Graphic definitions are composed of one or more graphical primitives. For each primitive, the user identifies required data sources by graphically selecting various properties or parts within the schema hierarchy. As instances are created, the graphic definitions are used to automatically generate visualizations, which can later be viewed via a graphical browser. In this paper, we describe the visualization subsystem of the DEVR system, including schema construction, graphical definition, and instance browsing.
In memoriam: Moisés Béhar (1922-2015)

Moi, as he liked to be called by family and friends, passed away on February 14th in Jerusalem, where he had enjoyed the last years of his life in the loving care of his daughter Jacqueline. At the age of 92, he now rests in peace in the Mount of Olives Cemetery. After Otto Mittelstaedt (1919-2000) and Otto Tinschert (1915-2006), Guatemala’s orchidology has now lost the third of its founding fathers.
Teaching the security mindset to CS1 students

In this 21st century technological world, the inherent problems of computer security are becoming increasingly important, and it is critical that our students gain the necessary skills and knowledge, early in their academic programs, to handle these problems. Specifically, the lack of security mindset is responsible for many overlooked and exploitable security bugs in the computer programs that these students design. While learning the security concepts generally requires a more advanced knowledge of computer science, learning the security mindset can be, and should be, addressed as early as CS 1. Although the primary focus of any traditional CS 1 course is that of basic programming concepts, we believe that teaching the security mindset in this course is valuable and effective. In this paper we discuss the course that we have taught for four terms-an introductory course that teaches the security mindset to beginner programmers.We start out by using the term-long incremental development of a security-sensitive program-the login program. Students develop the security mindset by thinking as both hackers and defenders, in order to catch and fix the logical and run-time errors that may lead to security breaches in the program.
ConfChem Conference on Educating the Next Generation: Green and Sustainable Chemistry-An Online Conference

Education is the key to a sustainable future. The incorporation of sustainability and green chemistry into the curriculum for scientists and nonscientists is necessary if society is to change our current path and achieve a sustainable world. The Spring 2010 ConfChem conference, Educating the Next Generation: Green and Sustainable Chemistry, was held from May 7 to June 30, 2010 and contained 7 papers exploring resources and activities that would be of use to chemical educators who wish to integrate green and sustainable chemistry principles into the curriculum. This communication introduces the conference, addresses what is meant by sustainable, presents an argument for why current practices are nonsustainable, and how through education we can incorporate a sustainable mindset into our experimental and material design, and the practice of chemistry.
A Comparison of a Modified “Hannan” and the Bls Seasonal Adjustment Filters

Abstract In a previous paper [12], an attempt was made to show how spectral techniques could be used to compare the effects of two seasonal adjustment procedures on the series to which they were applied. The two procedures compared were: (a) the technique currently used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for seasonally adjusting employment, unemployment, and labor force monthly statistics, and (b) the so-called “residual” method, proposed by Brittain [2], Samuelson [16], and others. Spectra of the original and the seasonally adjusted series and the cross spectrum of the two were used to aid in the assessment of whether either procedure removed more than could be considered seasonal, introduced spurious regularities, and/or distorted temporal relationships. It was concluded that both techniques removed more than seasonal effects from, and produced some temporal distortion in, the series to which they were applied. Neither method appeared to be superior to the other. It is the purpose of this paper to carry ...
General method for the transformation of chord-length data to a local bubble-size distribution

Bubble-size distributions influence the behavior of multiphase systems, but are not readily measured directly using probes. The chord lengths may be transformed into bubble sizes by modeling the bubble shapes as ellipsoids. Previous research on the transformation of chord-length data into bubble-size distributions using a numerical backward transformation revealed an instability problem. This problem was overcome by transforming the chord-length data to a local bubble-size distribution directly by using a Parzen window function and summing to yield the whole distribution. The best estimate of the local bubble-size density distribution depends on the Parzen window width that was chosen by proposing a measure of performance. An empirical relationship was also offered to determine the best Parzen window width. Chord lengths were generated using the example of a Rayleigh bubble-size distribution and Monte-Carlo simulation. The window approach transformed the chord lengths back into the bubble-size distribution with good agreement.
Induced regulatory T cells in inhibitory microenvironments created by cancer

Introduction: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) accumulating in the peripheral circulation and tumor sites of patients contribute to tumor escape from the host immune system. Tregs encompass subsets of immune cells with distinct phenotypic and functional properties. Whereas natural (n) or thymic-derived (t) Tregs regulate responses to self-antigens, inducible (i) or peripheral (p) Tregs generated and expanded in regulatory microenvironments control immune responses to a broad variety of antigens.Areas covered: Tregs accumulating in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are contextually regulated. They acquire phenotypic and functional attributes imposed by the inhibitory molecular pathways operating in situ. Several molecular pathways active in human cancer are reviewed. The pathways may differ from one tumor to another, and environmentally induced Tregs may be functionally distinct. Potential therapeutic strategies for selective silencing of iTregs are considered in the light of the newly acquired understanding of t...
Lathyrogen-induced malformations in baboons: a preliminary report.

Female baboons maintained on a timed pregnancy program were administered intramuscular, Intravenous, and oral doses of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and aminoacetonitrile (AAN) during the time of palatogenesis in this species. Resorptions, abortions, and fetuses with skeletal defects resulted. Cleft palate occurred in one set of twins following oral doses of 75 mg/kg/day AAN on days 43-48 of pregnancy.
Reducing memory reference energy with opportunistic virtual caching

Most modern cores perform a highly-associative transaction look aside buffer (TLB) lookup on every memory access. These designs often hide the TLB lookup latency by overlapping it with L1 cache access, but this overlap does not hide the power dissi-pated by TLB lookups. It can even exacerbate the power dissipation by requiring higher associativity L1 cache. With today's concern for power dissipation, designs could instead adopt a virtual L1 cache, wherein TLB access power is dissipated only after L1 cache misses. Unfortunately, virtual caches have compatibility issues, such as supporting writeable synonyms and x86's physical page table walker. This work proposes an Opportunistic Virtual Cache (OVC) that exposes virtual caching as a dynamic optimization by allowing some memory blocks to be cached with virtual addresses and others with physical addresses. OVC relies on small OS changes to signal which pages can use virtual caching (e.g., no writeable synonyms), but defaults to physical caching for compatibility. We show OVC's promise with analysis that finds virtual cache problems exist, but are dynamically rare. We change 240 lines in Linux 2.6.28 to enable OVC. On experiments with Parsec and commercial workloads, the resulting system saves 94-99% of TLB lookup energy and nearly 23% of L1 cache dynamic lookup energy.
Emigrants and Society: An Approach to the Background of Colonial Spanish America

The movement of people from Spain to the Indies, starting with the voyages of Columbus in the late fifteenth century, is fundamental to the study of early Spanish America. While Spaniards played a pivotal role in the formation of New World society, their origins and background have received relatively little systematic attention. Why has this been true? Certainly the groundwork for a more detailed consideration of Spanish emigrants has been laid long since, l but despite some important beginnings, research has progressed little in the past two decades. The traditionally separate historiographical treatment of Spain and Spanish America has fostered neglect of topics not easily classified within one field or the other, including emigration and the relation of Spain to America.2 While in recent years the other two major building blocks of colonial society-the indigenous peoples of the Americas and the Africans brought to the New World as slaves-have received an increasing amount of attention,3 a reaction to Eurocentrism has helped to create a situation in which a very superficial knowledge of early modem European or Spanish society is acceptable. Furthermore, the gaps in the historiography of early modem Spanish society, especially at the local level, may frustrate the scholar seeking greater enlightenment.4
Comparison of cervical mucus of 24/4 vs. 21/7 combined oral contraceptives

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the action of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on cervical mucus. We hypothesized that midcycle cervical mucus of women taking COCs is of poor quality when compared to their own midcycle mucus prior to initiating COCs. We sought to compare the effect upon quality and sperm penetration of the cervical mucus on the last hormone-free day with a 24/4 regimen to a 21/7 regimen. Methods This is an open-label, investigator-blinded, randomized, controlled, crossover equivalency study. All subjects received, in random order, 2 months of a 21/7 regimen and 2 months of a 24/4 regimen, each containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethindrone acetate. Analysis of cervical mucus quality (CMQ) and sperm penetration took place midcycle and on the last day of the hormone-free interval during the second month of each COC treatment. Results From April 2010 to November 2011, 18 subjects completed all study visits. Mean midcycle CMQ was poor (mean CMQ=1) and did not differ between 24/4 and 21/7 regimens (p=.92). On the last day of the pill-free interval, the quality and sperm penetration were poor with both regimens. Conclusion This study indicates that thickening of cervical mucus is a major mechanism of contraceptive action of COCs and that both 21/7 and 24/4 regimens result in poor quality and impenetrable mucus on the last day of the pill-free interval.
Community assembly of a euryhaline fish microbiome during salinity acclimation.

Microbiomes play a critical role in promoting a range of host functions. Microbiome function, in turn, is dependent on its community composition. Yet, how microbiome taxa are assembled from their regional species pool remains unclear. Many possible drivers have been hypothesized, including deterministic processes of competition, stochastic processes of colonization and migration, and physiological ‘host-effect’ habitat filters. The contribution of each to assembly in nascent or perturbed microbiomes is important for understanding host–microbe interactions and host health. In this study, we characterized the bacterial communities in a euryhaline fish and the surrounding tank water during salinity acclimation. To assess the relative influence of stochastic versus deterministic processes in fish microbiome assembly, we manipulated the bacterial species pool around each fish by changing the salinity of aquarium water. Our results show a complete and repeatable turnover of dominant bacterial taxa in the microbiomes from individuals of the same species after acclimation to the same salinity. We show that changes in fish microbiomes are not correlated with corresponding changes to abundant taxa in tank water communities and that the dominant taxa in fish microbiomes are rare in the aquatic surroundings, and vice versa. Our results suggest that bacterial taxa best able to compete within the unique host environment at a given salinity appropriate the most niche space, independent of their relative abundance in tank water communities. In this experiment, deterministic processes appear to drive fish microbiome assembly, with little evidence for stochastic colonization.
Goals and Tasks: Two Typologies of Citizen Science Projects

Citizen science is a form of research collaboration involving members of the public in scientific research projects to address real-world problems. Often organized as a virtual collaboration, these projects are a type of open movement, with collective goals addressed through open participation in research tasks. We conducted a survey of citizen science projects to elicit multiple aspects of project design and operation. We then clustered projects based on the tasks performed by participants and on the project's stated goals. The clustering results group projects that show similarities along other dimensions, suggesting useful divisions of the projects.
Structure and thermodynamic behavior of In3+−2VAg defects in AgBr

Abstract We have used perturbed angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy to study the structure and thermodynamic behavior of point defect complexes containing trivalent indium ions in AgBr. When indium atoms are introduced into AgBr they generally substitute for silver atoms, and two silver vacancies are created compensating the excess charge of each indium atom. The vacancies interact with the indium atoms via the Coulomb force, forming complexes whose structure depends on details of the interionic potentials. PAC allows the structure and populations of these complexes to be probed over a wide range of temperatures via the 111 In PAC probe. Our results show that the behavior of these defects is surprisingly intricate, with several structures occurring and transitions occurring among them as the temperature is varied between 50 K and 100 K. Analysis of these transitions provides information on thermodynamic potentials that, together with defect structural information, can provide insight into fundamental p...
Can You Hear Me Now? The Impact of Voice in an Online Gaming Community

This paper reports the results of a controlled field experiment in which voice communication was introduced into an existing online community (online gaming guilds within the popular game ‘‘World of Warcraft’’), comparing a mix of voice and text with text only. Quantitative results suggest increases in liking and trust due to the addition of voice, as well as insulation from unexpected negative impacts of text-only play. The findings are discussed with respect to social capital, cyberbalkanization, and the general computer-mediated communication literature, with special attention paid to social information processing theory.
The Intergovernmental Context of Alternative Service Delivery Choices

This paper evaluates the impact that states have on local governance decisions. We suggest that when states impose constraints on less politically costly tools for funding local services, cities turn to alternative service delivery mechanisms to solve the problems of inefficiency often generated by diseconomies of scale and jurisdictional externalities. But when states constrain those other mechanisms, the relative merits of outsourcing increase. Using data on alternative service delivery choices made by cities, we find that our theory is generally supported.
Dynamic Force and Moment Coefficients for Short Length Annular Seals

Close form expressions for the dynamic force and moment coefficients in short length annular pressure seals operating at the concentric and aligned position are derived. The analysis considers fully developed turbulent flow within the seal and determines a set of ordinary differential equations for the bulk-flow field due to perturbations in rotor displacements and angular motions. The flow equations are solved exactly for seals of short length where dynamic variations in circumferential velocity are neglected. The analytical solution derived is simple and reasonably accurate for seals of length to diameter ratios (L/D) as large as 0.5 as comparisons with results from full-scale numerical solutions show
A Variability Study of the Normal and Schizophrenic Occipital Alpha Rhythm: I

(1938). A Variability Study of the Normal and Schizophrenic Occipital Alpha Rhythm: I. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 325-334.
Monitoring and fault diagnosis of DC-DC multistage converter for hybrid electric vehicles

Advancements in high-power semiconductor technology have opened new avenues for application of power electronics converters. However, system level fault detection issues are yet to be addressed. A representative (hybrid vehicle automotive power system) multistage DC/DC converter consisting of two cascaded buck-converters is used for fault detection. Faults are introduced on the converters. Type of fault is detected from the measurement of available terminal voltages/currents in load and source converters. Analytical formulations developed are compared with simulated results for identifying fault signatures under different fault scenarios.
Mobile emergency alerting made accessible

It is critical that next-generation warning systems be developed such that persons with disabilities are given equal access to emergency alerts. This paper discusses research and development activities to provide next-generation, mobile emergency alerting systems to people with disabilities. A framework for prototyping mobile phone-based emergency alert systems and multiple systems built on this framework are presented. Results from field trials indicated support and the need for accessible emergency alert/notification features. The paper concludes that simple accommodations can be made to services and software on mobile devices that greatly increase the accessibility of mobile emergency alerts to persons with disabilities.
Learning plan rewriting rules

Planning by Rewriting (PbR) is a new paradigm for efficient high-quality planning that exploits plan rewriting rules and efficient local search techniques to transform an easy-to-generate, but possibly suboptimal, initial plan into a high-quality plan. Despite the advantages of PbR in terms of scalability, plan quality, and anytime behavior, PbR requires the user to define a set of domain-specific plan rewriting rules which can be difficult and time-consuming. This paper presents an approach to automatically learning the plan rewriting rules based on comparing initial and optimal plans. We report results for several planning domains showing that the learned rules are competitive with manually-specified ones, and in several cases the learning algorithm discovered novel rewriting rules.
Mathematical modeling of fluidized‐bed chlorination of rutile

A mathematical model was formulated to describe the reaction rate and the particle size distribution of solids in a fluidized bed for the chlorination of rutile by a CO/Cl2 mixture. The bubble assemblage model was applied to describe the gas behavior in the bed. The particle-size distribution in the bed was determined by a population balance. Predictions of the model gave satisfactory agreement with experimental results. The effects of important variables such as superficial gas velocity, exchange rate between the phases, and the reaction-rate constant were evaluated.
Biomass accumulation and carbon utilization in layered sand filter biofilm systems receiving milk fat and detergent mixtures.

Abstract This research evaluated utilization of organic compounds and biomass accumulation in three different layered sand filter biofilm systems renovating a mixture of detergent and milk fat. Organic compounds were measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biomass as ATP. A two-layer sand filter with coarse sand on the top and fine sand at the bottom; a three-layer sand filter with pea gravel on the top, coarse sand in the middle, and fine sand at the bottom; and a two-filters in-series sand filter biofilm system each received mixtures of butterfat and detergent. While the three-layer sand filter system had greater COD utilization capacity due to a longer filter run, the two-filters in-series sand filter system had greater COD utilization efficiency. The COD utilization was highly associated with the period of filter run to clogging. The decrease of COD utilization rate could lead to the clogging of sand filters. To maintain long filter runs without clogging, a COD loading rate of 2100 mg O 2 /m 2 /h was recommended for three-layer sand filters and 1800 mg O 2 /m 2 /h for two-layer sand filters for high fat content wastewater. In the two-layer sand filters and the three-layer sand filters, biomass did not seem to accumulate in any particular layer on a unit volume of sand. However, based on unit surface area, the coarse sand layer accumulated more biomass than the fine sand layer and the pea gravel layer.
Zinc Availability Regulates Exit from Meiosis in Maturing Mammalian Oocytes

Cellular metal ion fluxes are known in alkali and alkaline earth metals but are not well documented in transition metals. Here we describe major changes in the zinc physiology of the mammalian oocyte as it matures and initiates embryonic development. Single-cell elemental analysis of mouse oocytes by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) revealed a 50% increase in total zinc content within the 12-14-h period of meiotic maturation. Perturbation of zinc homeostasis with a cell-permeable small-molecule chelator blocked meiotic progression past telophase I. Zinc supplementation rescued this phenotype when administered before this meiotic block. However, after telophase arrest, zinc triggered parthenogenesis, suggesting that exit from this meiotic step is tightly regulated by the availability of a zinc-dependent signal. These results implicate the zinc bolus acquired during meiotic maturation as an important part of the maternal legacy to the embryo.
“What is the best way to be a social justice advocate?”: Communication strategies for effective social justice advocacy

Conflict can shut down communication, the key to social justice advocacy. Robert Nash shares his insights on how some communication styles can help manage conflict and sustain open conversation with students about contentious issues.
Recreational Use of Sildenafil by HIV-Positive and -Negative Homosexual/Bisexual Males

OBJECTIVE:To conduct an epidemiologic review of sildenafil in homosexual and bisexual males focusing on concurrent use with club drugs and/or antiretroviral medications.DATA SOURCES:A search of MEDLINE was conducted (1966–September 2003), and an extensive manual review of journals was performed using the key search terms club drugs, sildenafil, antiretrovirals, and HIV.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated and information deemed relevant was included.DATA SYNTHESIS:Several epidemiologic studies have reported that sildenafil is abused in a recreational fashion, typically with agents commonly known to be “club drugs.” In this setting, sildenafil may reverse the impotence-inducing effects of the club drugs and restore sexual capabilities. Many implications of both recreational and nonrecreational use of sildenafil exist in relation to HIV disease. Concern has been raised regarding the potential effects on high-risk sexual practices. Also, several res...
Using SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Multilevel Models, Hierarchical Models, and Individual Growth Models

SAS PROC MIXED is a flexible program suitable for fitting multilevel models, hierarchical linear models, and individual growth models. Its position as an integrated program within the SAS statistic...
Integrating the NAE Grand Challenges and Holographically-formed Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Thin Films (H-PDLC) into the Kenyan High School Curriculum.

Access to cutting-edge technologies in materials science and engineering within K-12 education is a great struggle in developing countries. In this work, a problem-based, hands on set of seven modules for integrating Holographically-formed Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (H-PDLC) Bragg Grating thin films into the Kenyan secondary physics, chemistry and mathematics curriculum is proposed. Through funding provided by the National Science Foundation, a pilot study of the integration of these modules, using the National Academy of Engineering’s (NAE) Grand Challenges for Engineering as a contextual vessel, is carried out. The efficacy of these curriculum-integrated modules in communicating real world materials science and engineering challenges is examined using qualitative and quantitative means. A method for expanding the use of this experience with other graduate students is proposed.
Comparative Metabolism Studies of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) Diastereomers in Male Rats Following a Single Oral Dose.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally with 3 mg/kg of one of three hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers. Each diastereomer was well absorbed (73-83%), and distributed preferentially to lipophilic tissues. Feces were the major route of excretion; cumulatively accounting for 42% of dose for α-HBCD, 59% for s-HBCD, and 53% for γ-HBCD. Urine was also an important route of HBCD excretion, accounting for 13% of dose for α-HBCD, 30% for s-HBCD, and 21% for γ-HBCD. Total metabolism of HBCD diastereomers followed the rank order s > γ > α, and was >65% of that administered. The metabolites formed were distinct in male rats: α-HBCD did not debrominate or stereoisomerize, but formed two hydroxylated metabolites; s- and γ-HBCD were both extensively metabolized via pathways of stereoisomerization, oxidation, dehydrogenation, reductive debromination, and ring opening. s-HBCD was biotransformed to two mercapturic acid pathway metabolites. The metabolites of s- and γ-HBCD were largely distinct, and could possibly be used as markers of exposure. These isomer-specific data suggest that α-HBCD would be the most dominant HBCD diastereomer in biological tissues because it was metabolized to the lowest degree and also accumulated from the stereoisomerization of the β- and γ- diastereomers.
Significant differences in cell-cell fusion and viral entry between strains revealed by scanning mutagenesis of the C-heptad repeat of HIV gp41.

The transmembrane subunit, gp41, of the HIV envelope mediates the viral fusion step of entry into the host cell. The protein consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain contains a fusion peptide, an N-terminal heptad repeat, a loop region, a C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR), and a membrane-proximal external region. For this study, we examined each amino acid in the CHR (residues 623–659) by alanine scanning mutagenesis in two HIV strains: one CCR5-utilizing strain (JRFL) and one CXCR4-utilizing strain (HXB2). We studied the functional importance of each amino acid residue by measuring mutational effects in both cell–cell fusion and viral entry and assessing envelope expression and gp120–gp41 proteolytic processing. The transmembrane subunit of the HIV envelope, gp41, is very sensitive to subtle changes, like alanine substitution, which severely affect envelope function at multiple sites. Two important general findings are apparent when the en...
“Confusion is a fundamental state of mind”—On the peculiar intellectual career of global governance in international relations

More than 20 years after global governance was introduced to the discipline of International Relations (IR), confusion about its conceptual status remains. In fact, how to even speak and think global governance—whether as a description of world politics, as a theoretical perspective to explain it, or as a normative notion to be realized through global policy—remains debated. This state of confusion affects debates within the Political Science subfield of IR as well as dialogue between different disciplines beyond IR. More specifically, the article argues that the current state of confusion exists not because of a lack of debate but rather because of different understandings of global governance that were attached to the concept during its emergence and which are still advanced and reproduced within debates today. These different understandings have their origin in certain real-world and disciplinary dynamics and constitute global governance in present discourse as a “condensation symbol” of different meanings. It is argued that precisely because of this status, global governance has obtained its “celebrity status”, within and beyond IR. By structuring different understandings of global governance and by reconstructing real-world and disciplinary contexts of emergence, the article goes beyond stating the obvious and provides a discussion of various sources and consequences of the confusion surrounding global governance. On the basis of this state-of-the-art overview, it is argued that to realize the full potential of global governance in IR and ensure interdisciplinary dialogue beyond it, one needs to engage with the concept and its immanent confusion in a reflective and cautious way by becoming aware of different meanings attached to it instead of arbitrarily reducing the concept to a single meaning to define its conceptual status. This article is published as part of a thematic collection on global governance.
Combustion-based power source for Venus surface missions

Abstract The National Research Council has identified in situ exploration of Venus as an important mission for the coming decade of NASA's exploration of our solar system (Squyers, 2013 [1] ). Heavy cloud cover makes the use of solar photovoltaics extremely problematic for power generation for Venus surface missions. In this paper, we propose a class of planetary exploration missions (for use on Venus and elsewhere) in solar-deprived situations where photovoltaics cannot be used, batteries do not provide sufficient specific energy and mission duration, and nuclear systems may be too costly or complex to justify or simply unavailable. Metal-fueled, combustion-based powerplants have been demonstrated for application in the terrestrial undersea environment. Modified or extended versions of the undersea-based systems may be appropriate for these sunless missions. We describe systems carrying lithium fuel and sulfur-hexafluoride oxidizer that have the potential for many days of operation in the sunless craters of the moon. On Venus a system level specific energy of 240 to 370 W e -hr/kg should be possible if the oxidizer is brought from earth. By using either lithium or a magnesium-based alloy fuel, it may be possible to operate a similar system with CO 2 derived directly from the Venus atmosphere, thus providing an estimated system specific energy of 1100 W e+PV -hr/kg (the subscript refers to both electrical and mechanical power), thereby providing mission durations that enable useful scientific investigation. The results of an analysis performed by the NASA Glenn COMPASS team describe a mission operating at 2.3 kW e+PV for 5 days (120 h), with less than 260 kg power/energy system mass total. This lander would be of a size and cost suitable for a New Frontiers class of mission.
Retrospective reports of parental feeding practices and emotional eating in adulthood: The role of food preoccupation.

Abstract The current study examined the role of food preoccupation as a potential mediator of the associations between parental feeding behaviors during childhood (i.e., restriction for weight, restriction for health, emotion regulation) and emotional eating in adulthood. Participants (N = 97, M age = 20.3 years) recalled their parents’ feeding behaviors during early and middle childhood and reported on current experiences of food preoccupation and emotional eating. Findings revealed that recalled parental feeding behaviors (restriction for weight, restriction for health, emotion regulation) and food preoccupation were positively associated with later emotional eating (correlations ranged from 0.21 to 0.55). In addition, recalled restriction for weight and emotion regulation feeding were positively associated with food preoccupation, r = 0.23 and 0.38, respectively. Further, food preoccupation mediated the association between emotion regulation feeding and later emotional eating (CI 95% = 0.10 to 0.44). These findings indicate that parental feeding practices in childhood are related to food preoccupation, and that food preoccupation mediates the association between emotion regulation feeding in childhood and emotional eating in adulthood.
Coercion or Caring: The Fundamental Paradox for Adherence Interventions for HIV+ People with Mental Illness

To determine if an escalating HIV treatment adherence intervention would be considered by participants from a caring or coercive perspective, perceived coercion was examined in 238 community-based dually diagnosed individuals (HIV+ and a serious mental illness) randomized to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) control group or preventing AIDS through health for HIV+ persons (PATH+) Intervention that increased intervention intensity when adherence fell below 80 %. Minor differences were observed in perceived coercion between the PATH+ Intervention and Control groups with perceived coercion marginally higher in the PATH+ group. Latent growth curve analyses indicate that perceived coercion was not related to duration of the intervention for either the PATH+ or Control group. The experience of coercion by HIV+ individuals receiving community-based mental health services was not related to the intensity or duration of delivered services.
Neuroimaging findings of post-thrombolysis cerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke (P6.238)

Objective/Background: The causes of hemorrhagic complications after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) are likely multifactorial. We sought to describe neuroimaging patterns of early intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after IV-tPA in acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients who received IV-tPA within 24 hour of hospital admission were reviewed for radiographic ICH on CT brain occurring within 2 days after IV-tPA. Radiographic data was collected on location of ICH, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), presence of blood-fluid levels, and multiplicity. Symptomatic ICH was defined as per NINDs protocol, and subtypes of hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and parenchymal hematoma (PH) were defined per European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study I definitions. Results: Among 397 acute ischemic stroke patients who received IV-tPA, the symptomatic ICH rate was 3.8[percnt] (15) and the asymptomatic hemorrhage rate was 12.6[percnt] (50). We excluded 1 patient who had hemorrhage into a cyst. Among the 64 radiographic ICH, the mean age was 67 (range, 30 to 100 years). Two patients developed isolated SAH and 62 patients developed ICH. Among the ICH pattern, 13 (20[percnt]) were HI-1, 23 (36[percnt]) were HI-2, 20 (31[percnt]) were PH-1, and 6 (9[percnt]) were PH-2. IVH occurred in 14 patients (22[percnt]). The most common pattern of infarct seen was hemorrhagic conversion into territory of infarct (58). Unusual patterns such as multiplicity (2) and hemorrhage remote from the area of infarct (2) were rare. Blood fluid levels were not seen. Conclusion: The most common pattern of hemorrhage observed after IV-tPA in acute ischemic stroke was petechial hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic infarct, which is most suggestive of bleeding due to blood-brain breakdown at the site of infarction. Unusual patterns of hemorrhage (such as multiplicity and remote ICH) are rare. Further studies are warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms of hemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis. Disclosure: Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cutting has nothing to disclose. Dr. Song has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cherian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Conners has nothing to disclose.
Reasoning About Software

Although HOL has mostly been used for hardware verification, it is an equally appropriate tool for reasoning about software. Many kinds of programming language semantics (denotational, algebraic, operational, etc.) may be embedded in the HOL logic. Based on these semantics, one can construct tools to support program verification, e.g. using a standard programming logic. Furthermore, by modelling the compilation process in the HOL logac, one can verify that a program’s meaning is in fact preserved when it is compiled and run, thus bridging the gap between hardware and software. The general approach is illustrated for a simple sequential programming language, by describing ats syntax and semantics, its Hoare Logic, and its compilataon.
Activity space and movement patterns of Octopus bimaculatus (Verrill, 1883) around Santa Catalina Island, California

Abstract The spatial movement and ecology of highly mobile marine predators can strongly influence, and be influenced by, a variety of ecological factors. Octopuses are voracious predators, and their predatory behavior can have significant impacts on the abundance and diversity of their prey communities. Nine Octopus bimaculatus (Verrill, 1883) were tagged and tracked during August 2014 using active tracking techniques. Octopus GPS position was recorded daily over the course of 12.9 ± 5.6 days (mean ± SD) and continuous movement was tracked for 20.8 ± 5.0 h (mean ± SD) for each animal. O. bimaculatus occupied an activity space of approximately 6000 ± 3000 km2 (mean ± SD). Larger animals moved over larger areas, but activity space size was not correlated with octopus sex, habitat location, or time of day. Movement distances and diurnal movement patterns were highly variable for this species, both within and between individual octopuses. O. bimaculatus were highly mobile compared to other octopuses of similar size tracked in a similar way. These results are contradictory to previous estimates of movement and den fidelity for this species in this area, suggesting either a previous underestimate of O. bimaculatus movement, or a change in the way this species moves through its environment. This study pioneered the application of acoustic telemetry to octopuses in California ecosystems, and provides insight into the heterogeneity of octopus behavior and the potential impacts this heterogeneity may have on octopus prey and predator communities.
Evaluation of asphalt mixture laboratory long-term ageing methods for performance testing and prediction

Ageing has long been recognised as a major distress mechanism for asphalt concrete and, by extension, asphalt pavements. Ageing causes the material to stiffen and embrittle, which leads to a high potential for cracking. Although a significant amount of effort has been placed on understanding the ageing process of asphalt binder, less effort has been put forth to develop laboratory ageing procedures for producing aged mixture specimens for performance testing. An optimal laboratory conditioning procedure to simulate long-term ageing for performance testing and prediction is required in order to integrate the effects of long-term ageing in pavement prediction models and other mechanistic design and analysis methods. In this study, oven ageing and pressure ageing vessel ageing are applied to both loose mix and compacted specimens in order to evaluate and select an ageing method to simulate long-term ageing for performance testing and prediction. The selected method must be able to maintain specimen integrity...
A proximity-based graph clustering method for the identification and application of transcription factor clusters

Transcription factors (TFs) form a complex regulatory network within the cell that is crucial to cell functioning and human health. While methods to establish where a TF binds to DNA are well established, these methods provide no information describing how TFs interact with one another when they do bind. TFs tend to bind the genome in clusters, and current methods to identify these clusters are either limited in scope, unable to detect relationships beyond motif similarity, or not applied to TF-TF interactions. Here, we present a proximity-based graph clustering approach to identify TF clusters using either ChIP-seq or motif search data. We use TF co-occurrence to construct a filtered, normalized adjacency matrix and use the Markov Clustering Algorithm to partition the graph while maintaining TF-cluster and cluster-cluster interactions. We then apply our graph structure beyond clustering, using it to increase the accuracy of motif-based TFBS searching for an example TF. We show that our method produces small, manageable clusters that encapsulate many known, experimentally validated transcription factor interactions and that our method is capable of capturing interactions that motif similarity methods might miss. Our graph structure is able to significantly increase the accuracy of motif TFBS searching, demonstrating that the TF-TF connections within the graph correlate with biological TF-TF interactions. The interactions identified by our method correspond to biological reality and allow for fast exploration of TF clustering and regulatory dynamics.
Controlled but Not Controlling: Leading with Self-Control

Contemporary leadership contexts are rife with stress, competitiveness, and demanding expectations. These contexts litter the newsfeed with examples of leaders who have lost control in either their professional or personal lives. Genesis provides the story of Joseph and his inimitable degree of self-control in the presence of those who have forgotten and forsaken him. Out of this study of mastering, curbing, and restraining one’s desires and passions one might wrongly deduce that self-control limits freedom. However, the study of ancient material suggests just the opposite—that it is out of freedom that the most effective self-control is cultivated. This then begins to explain an aspect of the effective leadership characterized by Abraham Lincoln, Nelson Mandela, and police officers.
Vertiefende Analyse der Performanzziele

Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen (und basierend auf den Daten) von Studie I und Studie II wird in vorliegendem Kapitel, als explorativer Zusatz, speziell das Verfolgen von Performanzzielen (deren Unterteilung im Hexagon-Modell ein besonders markantes Novum vorliegender Arbeit darstellt) im Rahmen eines personenzentrierten Ansatzes betrachtet, um besser zu verstehen, wie das Zusammenspiel und Zusammenwirken dieser Ziele genau ausgestaltet ist.
On the hydrothermal stability of Cu/SSZ-13 SCR catalysts

Abstract Cu/SSZ-13 SCR catalysts have been extensively studied in the past decade or so. Hydrothermal stability of these catalysts has been identified as the most important criterion for application. In this perspective, we describe recent atomic-level understanding of their hydrothermal stability. In particular, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is shown to rather accurately quantify isolated Cu(II) ions and CuO clusters in fresh and aged catalysts to demonstrate the remarkable hydrothermal stability for Cu2+ ions located in 6-membered ring windows, and the conversion of [Cu(OH)]+ ions in Chabazite cages to CuO clusters. The hydrothermal stability difference of the two isolated Cu(II) ions is confirmed with DFT simulations and the conversion of [Cu(OH)]+ to CuO is proposed to involve formation, migration and condensation of Cu(OH)2 intermediates. The structural destructive role of CuO clusters is attributed to mesopore formation from their migration, which more severely damages the catalysts than dealumination. Finally, perspectives are given on new strategies for low-temperature NOx removal, rational design and refinement of Cu/SSZ-13, and development of new Cu/zeolite SCR catalysts with even better performance than the state-of-the-art Cu/SSZ-13.