cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonically actuated inserted neural probes for increased recording reliability

In this paper we investigated the effect of ultrasonic insertion of neural probes on tissue induced immune response. We report reduction of the activated microglia population by a factor of 1.96, measured over 18 insertions. This suggests decreased immune response for neural probes inserted using ultrasonic insertion. This addresses a key requirement of increasing the operational lifetime of neural probe recording sites. A wirelessly connected neural probe system is used for in vivo electrical, mechanical, and ultrasonic response measurement. A chronic mouse model with in vivo two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy combined with the neural interface is developed to investigate the immune response of the brain, as a potential cause for microelectrode failure with continuous electrical neural measurements.
A salmon id phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences

Partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of eight salmonid species were used in a PAUP analysis to generate a phylogeny of the group. The four genera represented are Salmo, Salvelinus, Oncorhynchus and Thymallus. The inferred phylogenetic tree coincides well with the classically derived one for these genera. The recent reclassification of the rainbow trout as a member of the genus Oncorhynchus is supported. The assignment of grayling as the outgroup is vindicated. The utility of gene sequence data to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the Salmonidae is discussed.
New technique for stent jail: another niche for the rotablator.

We report the treatment of a jailed side branch using the Rotablator. Initial attempts at passing various low profile balloons in the jailed branch were unsuccessful. The Rotablator allowed access to the side branch, which was stented with a single Palmaz-Schatz stent, providing excellent angiographic and 9 months follow-up results. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:321–324, 1997.© 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Perisomatic inhibition and cortical circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia

Deficits of cognitive control in schizophrenia are associated with altered gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex. Paralbumin basket interneurons, which innervate the perisomatic region of pyramidal neurons, appear to play a key role in generating cortical gamma oscillations. In the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia, alterations are present in both pre- and post-synaptic markers of the strength of GABA inputs from parvalbumin basket neurons to pyramidal neurons. These alterations may contribute to the neural substrate for impaired gamma oscillations in schizophrenia.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of subretinal cysticercosis

Abstract Purpose To report a case of ocular cysticercosis and associated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Design Interventional case report. Methods A 56-year-old woman from Ecuador presented with decreased vision and an exudative retinal detachment in the left eye. Subretinal cysticercosis was suspected. Results In the left eye, a subretinal cyst evident on fundus examination was investigated with B-scan ultrasonography. Ultrasonography showed a cystic structure, and MRI of the orbit confirmed the suspicion for cysticercosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain also revealed a small parenchymal lesion in the left occipital lobe of the brain. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful adjunct to B-scan ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ocular cysticercosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to computed tomography in the demonstration of cystic structures in the eye and central nervous system. This finding has important therapeutic implications, as any viable cysticercus in the eye or cerebral parenchyma can be treated surgically or medically, respectively.
Outcome after reconstruction of discontinuous pulmonary arteries.

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to determine outcomes of and optimal treatment strategies for reconstruction of congenital or acquired discontinuity of branch pulmonary arteries. Methods: Between 1985 and 2000 pulmonary artery continuity was established in 102 patients with discontinuous central pulmonary arteries and normal peripheral arborization. Data were obtained retrospectively. Results: Techniques to connect both pulmonary arteries included direct pulmonary artery–pulmonary artery anastomosis (n = 33), tube graft interposition (n = 47), or pulmonary arterial implantation in right ventricular–pulmonary arterial conduits (n = 22). Among patients with biventricular repair (n = 66), survival was 85% ± 8% at 5 years, and freedom from surgical or interventional pulmonary arterioplasty was 31% ± 11%. At most recent follow-up, mean branch pulmonary arterial z scores were –0.5 ± 1.6 (right pulmonary artery) and –1.4 ± 1.3 (left pulmonary artery). Mean right to left ventricular pressure ratio was 0.61 ± 0.26, and this value was more than 0.75 in 13 of 58 cases. Fifteen of 51 had a lung perfusion mismatch of more than 75:25, and in 9 of 58 one branch pulmonary artery was occluded. Twenty-two patients who underwent primary establishment of antegrade pulmonary artery flow without previous shunt procedures had comparable survival and reintervention rates, with a tendency toward higher pulmonary arterial z scores and lower right to left ventricular pressure ratios. Among patients with single-ventricle repair (n = 33), 5-year survival was 93% ± 8% and freedom from pulmonary arterioplasty was 39% ± 9%. Ten of 19 patients had a lung perfusion mismatch, and one branch pulmonary artery was occluded in 4 of 31. Overall, a direct pulmonary artery anastomosis was associated with better survival ( P = .006). The presence of aortopulmonary collaterals was a risk factor for pulmonary artery occlusion ( P = .03). Conclusion: Good survival can be achieved for patients with pulmonary artery discontinuity, but this requires frequent reinterventions. Direct pulmonary artery– pulmonary artery anastomoses and control of all collateral vessels may further improve outcome.
Portfolio diversification through timber real estate investment trusts: A cointegration analysis

Abstract Investors who are interested in long-term investments have regarded timberland as an advantageous asset class. The formation of timber real estate investment trusts (REITs) has offered both individual and institutional investors more options to diversify their portfolios through securitized timberlands. Nevertheless, different mixes of REIT stocks will yield various degrees of volatility for the portfolio's performances. The cointegration analyses in this study show that there are no general trends among the historical timber REIT stock prices and the S&P 500 index. Therefore, there is diversification potential in the long run with each timber REIT (except Plum Creek) considered as a unique candidate.
Elucidating the Physiochemical and Lithographic Behavior of Ultra- Thin Photoresist Films

ABSTRACT As resist feature sizes and film thicknesses continue to shrink in dimension, a number of resist feature size and film thickness depe ndent effects are being observed in the lithographic performance of high resolution photoresists. In order to understand these phenom ena, a better understanding of the physiochemical behavior of complex multi-component organic resist thin films is needed. As a first step in that direction, a series of model photoresists were studied in an effort to begin to understand the thermophysical properties of such multi-component thin films. The influence of photoacid generator (PAG) loading and PAG chemis try on the glass transition behavior using the model photoresists was studied. A thermal flow experiment was used to characterize an apparent glass transition temperature of the resist thin films as a function of PAG type and loading. These results were compared to traditional glass transition measurements made on the same resist compositions using differential scanning calorimetr y (DSC). The two methods, namely DSC and the thermal flow measurement, yielded very different results depending on the type of PAG used. Further studies using ToF SIMS to profile the distribution of PAG in the resist thin films revealed that the two PAGs focused on in this work, a triphenylsulfonium triflate (TPS.OTF) and a triphenylsulfonium nonaflate (TPS.ONF), exhibited very different distri bution behavior in resist thin films. In the case of TPS.OTF, the PAG was obser ved to show a depletion region near the resist-substrate interface while the TPS.ONF PAG was rela tively homogeneously distributed in the resist thin films. In the case of TPS.ONF, it was also the resist system which showed very different thermophysical behavior when comparing the gla ss transition temperature measured using DSC to the thermal flow temperature measurement. This work points out the fact that component distribution and thin film effects must be carefully considered in interpreting and analyzing the behavior of multi-component thin films. Keywords: Chemically amplified resist, photoacid generator, glass transition temperature, ionic, non-ionic, onium salt, triflate, naphthalimide, perfluoro, sulfonate, thin film.
Structural determinants for post-transcriptional stabilization of lactate dehydrogenase A mRNA by the protein kinase C signal pathway.

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) in rat C6 glioma cells increases the half-life of short-lived lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-A mRNA about 5- and 8-fold, respectively. PKA and PKC act synergistically and prolong LDH-A mRNA half-life more than 21-fold. Similar effects were observed after transfection and transcription of a globin/lactate dehydrogenase minigene consisting of a β-globin expression vector in which the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of β-globin had been replaced with the LDH-A 3′-UTR. Synergism was only obtained by transcription of minigenes containing the entire 3′-UTR and did not occur when truncated 3′-UTR fragments were analyzed. Additional mutational analyses showed that a 20-nucleotide region, named PKC-stabilizing region (PCSR), is responsible for mediating the stabilizing effect of PKC. Previous studies (Tian, D., Huang, D., Short, S., Short, M. L., and Jungmann, R. A. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 24861–24866) have demonstrated the existence of a cAMP-stabilizing region in LDH-A 3′-UTR. Sequence analysis of PCSR identified a 13-nucleotide AU-rich region that is common to both cAMP-stabilizing region and PCSR. These studies identify a specific PKC-responsive stabilizing element and indicate that interaction of PKA and PKC results in a potentiating effect on LDH-A mRNA stabilization.
The apoE-mimetic Peptide, COG1410, Improves Functional Recovery in a Murine Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background Apolipoprotein E has previously been demonstrated to modulate acute brain injury responses, and administration of COG1410, an apoE-mimetic peptide derived from the receptor-binding region of apoE, improves outcome in preclinical models of acute neurological injury. In the current study, we sought to establish the optimal dose and timing of peptide administration associated with improved functional outcome in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
Carotenoid Accumulation in the Tissues of Zebra Finches: Predictors of Integumentary Pigmentation and Implications for Carotenoid Allocation Strategies

Abstract Carotenoid pigments produce the bright yellow to red ornamental colors of many animals, especially birds, and must ultimately be derived from the diet. However, they are also valuable for many physiological functions (e.g., antioxidants, immunostimulants, photoprotection, visual tuning, yolk nourishment to embryos), and as a result they are present in numerous internal body tissues (e.g., liver, adipose tissue, retina) whose carotenoid types and amounts are rarely studied in the context of color acquisition. Because male and female animals typically place different priorities on fitness‐enhancing activities (e.g., gametic investment in females, sexual attraction in males), carotenoid allocation may track such investment patterns in the two sexes, and we can test for such sex‐specific priorities of carotenoids by assessing body‐tissue distributions of these pigments. We used high‐performance liquid chromatography to identify and quantify carotenoid pigments from the plasma, liver, adipose tissue, ...
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: The First Reported Congenital Case

Microcystic adenexal carcinoma is a rare, locally aggressive, malignant appendage tumor also known as sclerosing sweat duct carcinoma. Since widespread recognition of microcystic adenexal carcinoma as a distinct clinicopathologic entity, approximately 300 total cases have been reported in the literature, with only eight previous cases reported in children under the age of 18, with no reported cases in patients younger than 6 years old. Our patient is unique in that the lesion was present at birth, making this the youngest case of microcystic adenexal carcinoma reported.
On the 2D critical and supercritical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation in Besov spaces

Abstract We prove the local smoothing effect of the 2D critical and supercritical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equations in critical Besov spaces. As an application, a global well-posedness result is established by adapting a method in Kiselev, Nazarov, and Volberg (2007) [16] and an idea in Dong and Du (2008) [15] with suitable modifications. Moreover, we show that the unique solution obtained in Chen, Miao, and Zhang (2007) [11] is a classical solution. These generalize some previous results in Dong (2010) [13] , Dong and Du (2008) [15] . The main ingredients of the proofs are two commutator estimates and the preservation of suitable modulus of continuity of the solutions.
Facial fractures and concomitant injuries in trauma patients

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Maxillofacial fractures often occur with serious concomitant injury in trauma patients, and knowledge of the type and severity of associated injuries can assist in rapid assessment and treatment. The objective was to identify the most commonly occurring injuries associated with facial fractures in severely injured trauma patients. STUDY DESIGN: Review of medical records. METHODS: A retrospective review was made of 151 patients with facial fractures presenting to a level-one trauma center over a 4-year span. All patients had an injury severity score of 12 or greater. Chart data recorded included demographics, etiology, presentation, facial fracture site, concomitant injury, imaging studies, hospital stay and course, interventions, and outcome. RESULTS: The most common cause or origin of facial fracture was assault (41%), followed by motor vehicle accident (26.5%). Orbital fracture was the most common overall facial fracture (24.2%), with nasal fractures being the most common isolated fracture (23.2%). Cerebral hematoma occurred in 43.7% of patients, with subdural hematoma being the most frequent. Pulmonary injury was the second most commonly associated injury (31.1%) with lung contusion being the most frequent. Seventy-two patients (42%) required intubation, and 22 (14.8%) required tracheostomy during their hospital stay. The hospital complication rate was 50.3% and included primarily pulmonary complications, septicemia, renal failure, and severe anemia. Thirteen patients died during their hospital stay; 11 of them died of neurologic injuries, 1 of pulmonary failure, and 1 of overwhelming sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral and pulmonary injuries are often associated with maxillofacial fractures in severely injured trauma patients. Knowledge of these associated injuries provides useful strategies for patient care and prevention of further complications. A multidisciplinary and coordinated approach is important for optimum stabilization and ongoing treatment of patients with facial fractures. Language: en
Pushing the practical frontiers in thermal ink-jet printing

To continue the evolution of thermal inkjet printing, key technology developments are needed. These include the ability to print text output as fast as laser printers, determining and delivering realistic color print speeds for the consumer, lower cost of the printer and the output, and finally, realistic natural images on a wide selection of medias. In this paper, the resolution and quality needed for different types of printing are reviewed. The technical feasibility is assessed in terms of enabling subtechnologies that need to be developed to support the ultimate application goals for each type of printing. Key developments required are outlined and the underlying technical challenges that must be met in order to enable faster text, faster graphics, and high-quality image output are listed. Large arrays, higher resolution, and the need and methods for producing variable spot size from one nozzle are reviewed and assessed.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Cultural Paradigm of Virtue

Social and moral issues in business have drawn attention to a gap between theory and practice and fueled the search for a reconciling perspective. Finding and establishing an alternative remains a critical initiative, but a daunting one. In what follows, the assumptions of two prominent contenders are considered before introducing a third in the form of Aristotle’s ancient theory of virtue. Comparative case studies are used to briefly illustrate the practical implications of each paradigm. In the quest for a better sense-making and sense-giving lens, this paper refines and encourages the search by highlighting some of the key features required of a worthy paradigmatic challenge. The author proceeds to identify a particular type of institutional community, and a promising champion, for the practical unification of strategic and normative excellence.
Conjugacy Invariants of Möbius Groups

We first consider the basic geometric relationships between orthogonal and affine transformations and the Clifford algebra. Using these we show how to find the fixed points of elliptic and parabolic Mobius transformations.
Spontaneous incorporation of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked protein Thy-1 into cell membranes.

Abstract Thy-1 is a membrane protein that is attached to the plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. Purified rat brain Thy-1 could be reincorporated into the plasma membrane of murine Thy-1- cells directly from aqueous suspension and without the use of detergents. A peripheral staining pattern similar to that observed for endogenous Thy-1 was achieved. Treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C removed nearly all antibody staining due to either endogenous or inserted Thy-1. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) was used to compare the lateral mobility of endogenous and inserted Thy-1. Both forms exhibited large lateral diffusion coefficients, but with a substantial immobile fraction (approximately 50%) indicating that the immobile fraction was not due either to chemical differences between inserted and native Thy-1 or to some surface Thy-1 molecules having a protein anchor. However, the inserted Thy-1 failed to activate mouse T lymphocytes upon crosslinking as assayed by [3H]thymidine uptake. Since Thy-1 could be directly labeled with rhodamine, the effect of the size of the labeling ligand on the mobility obtained by the FRAP technique could be explored. Rhodamine-conjugated MRC-OX7 monoclonal antibody or its fragments [R-F(ab)2 or R-Fab] were compared with rhodamine as labels for Thy-1. The measured diffusion coefficients were 1.6 x 10(-9), 2.0 x 10(-9), and 3.2 x 10(-9) cm2/sec for Thy-1 labeled with R-F(ab)2, R-Fab, and rhodamine, respectively; mobile fractions were all in the 40-50% range. Thus, the size of the ligand affects the lateral mobility of this labeled membrane protein to a measurable extent.
Changing trends in oral cancer in the United States, 1935 to 1985: a Connecticut study.

Abstract An extensive epidemiologic study was undertaken in an attempt to analyze patterns of oral cancer distribution and demography in Connecticut between 1935 and 1985. Sources of data for the investigation included both the Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR) and the University of Connecticut Oral Pathology Biopsy Service. During the 51-year study period, 9,708 cases of primary oral cancer were reported to the CTR. Male age-adjusted incidence rates for overall oral cancer remained stable between 1935 and 1964 (14.5 to 14.8 per 100,000), with a gradual decline to 10.9 per 100,000 in the early 1980s. In contrast, age-adjusted rates for females advanced approximately threefold, from 1.4 per 100,000 in the 1930s to 4.1 per 100,000 in the early 1980s. There was a decrease in age-specific rates of oral cancer in males aged 70 and older; in contrast, age-specific incidence rates in females increased steadily over the same period. It was also found that female birth cohorts born in 1900 and later exhibited higher oral cancer incidence rates than those of previous cohorts. Between the 1960s and the present, male patients 30 to 39 years of age exhibited a nearly fourfold increase in oral cancer incidence; this was not observed among similarly aged females. Connecticut counties with highest oral cancer incidence rates in both sexes were the more densely populated Hartford and New Haven counties. In general, the picture of oral cancer, as revealed through analysis of cases accessioned by the University biopsy service between 1975 and 1986, exhibited similar trends to those disclosed by analysis of CTR data. The increase in female oral cancer incidence combined with the reduced incidence in males appears to account for the dramatic decline in male-to-female ratio for oral cancer in Connecticut between 1935 and 1985. If this trend continues, the incidence of oral cancer in Connecticut women will equal that of men by the mid-1990s.
Software testing and analysis of object-oriented software

Our work has studied new language mechanisms for accessing message invocations in message passing based concurrent programming languages. Invocation handling mechanisms in many concurrent languages have significant limitations that make it difficult or costly to solve common programming situations encountered in program visualization, debugging, and scheduling scenarios. We have defined and implemented new such mechanisms within the SR concurrent language and have gained some experience with them.This work has led us to want a cleaner, higher-level way of defining mechanisms for message invocation. We are, therefore, now taking an object-oriented approach. As a step toward that goal, we are currently applying our ideas to Java.Below, we briefly summarize these two areas.
Evaluation of chemical tests for heterozygosity by comparison of expected and observed numbers of heterozygotes among unaffected relatives of phenylketonurics.

Abstract Since matched control groups cannot always be obtained for experiments involving humans, differences between control and experimental groups may be due to factors other than those which were used in selecting the groups. Two examples are given in which tests for carriers of phenylketonuria appear to be age dependent. After carrier tests have been devised, it is important to establish that results are consistent with genetic expectations when testing groups of relatives of various ages.
A combinatorial code for splicing silencing: UAGG and GGGG motifs.

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is widely used to regulate gene expression by tuning the levels of tissue-specific mRNA isoforms. Few regulatory mechanisms are understood at the level of combinatorial control despite numerous sequences, distinct from splice sites, that have been shown to play roles in splicing enhancement or silencing. Here we use molecular approaches to identify a ternary combination of exonic UAGG and 5′-splice-site-proximal GGGG motifs that functions cooperatively to silence the brain-region-specific CI cassette exon (exon 19) of the glutamate NMDA R1 receptor (GRIN1) transcript. Disruption of three components of the motif pattern converted the CI cassette into a constitutive exon, while predominant skipping was conferred when the same components were introduced, de novo, into a heterologous constitutive exon. Predominant exon silencing was directed by the motif pattern in the presence of six competing exonic splicing enhancers, and this effect was retained after systematically repositioning the two exonic UAGGs within the CI cassette. In this system, hnRNP A1 was shown to mediate silencing while hnRNP H antagonized silencing. Genome-wide computational analysis combined with RT-PCR testing showed that a class of skipped human and mouse exons can be identified by searches that preserve the sequence and spatial configuration of the UAGG and GGGG motifs. This analysis suggests that the multi-component silencing code may play an important role in the tissue-specific regulation of the CI cassette exon, and that it may serve more generally as a molecular language to allow for intricate adjustments and the coordination of splicing patterns from different genes.
Women in sports: the naval academy experience

Women were first admitted to the United States Naval Academy with the Class of 1980. The physical performance of 63 women in that class along with 69 in the Class of 1981 and 78 in the Class of 1982 is compared to the performance of a random sample of male midshipmen in the same Classes. The Department of Physical Education made some adjustments in the fitness program for women but did not change the objectives. The number of hours of physical education was the same for the men and women. Performance tests show that the women have scored better than had been anticipated and that the scores have improved with each Class. The women have averaged three times as many visits to the orthopaedic clinic for stress-related injuries than the men, but as the women have become acclimated to a more active life, they have sought medical attention for these problems less often. The women in these three Classes have had no trauma-related orthopaedic surgery. It is anticipated that when women midshipmen begin to participate in the same vigorous sports as men, e.g., soccer, lacrosse, and others, that injuries will increase. We conclude that physical fitness requirements for women will become increasingly similar to the men's requirements. At this time, the performance of women is often a result of society's conditioning rather than apparent physiologic differences between the sexes.
The development and use of a computerized database for the evaluation of facial fractures incorporating aspects of the AAOMS Parameters of Care.

Abstract Purpose: This article discusses the development and use of a computerized database to evaluate facial fracture patients. Examples of epidemiologic and treatment outcome analyses that can be performed are also discussed. Materials and Methods: FileMaker Pro 2.1 and 3.0 (Claris Corporation, Santa Clara, CA) for the Macintosh (Apple Computer, Inc, Cupertino, CA) was used for the development of the database. The database contained information on the facial fracture patients treated at The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 1996. Eight evaluation forms were used: general information, and mandibular, maxillary, zygomatic, nasal, naso-orbital-ethmoid, orbital, and frontal sinus fractures. Indications for therapy and postoperative complications from the AAOMS Parameters of Care, Section on Trauma Surgery, were also included. Results: This database allowed collection of a vast amount of data on 265 patients. Some of the analyses done on patients with mandibular fractures are described. Conclusion: This computerized database provides a quick and systematic method of obtaining and retrieving information on facial fracture patients. Numerous epidemiologic and treatment outcome analyses can be performed. Overall complication rates based on the AAOMS Parameters of Care are higher than previously published rates because of the longer list of complications being evaluated.
Energy Flow’s Consumption Analysis in Iron & Steel Factory

The energy flow process in iron & steel factory is composed of the production, conversion, using of all sorts of energy and waste gas removing. In accordance with the energy flow process, make use of the law of energy conservation and conversion, the energy flow diagram from the energy-consumption analysis, and it is constructed. The energy flow analysis model of iron & steel is designed based on the energy flow diagram. To adopt comparison method, the influence of each process energy-consumption on the energy consumption of iron and steel enterprise also discussed.
Registered nurse circulator legislation in Connecticut.

ABSTRACT DEVELOPING REGULATIONS or legislation in every state to mandate an RN as the circulator in operating and invasive procedure rooms is critical to patient safety. CURRENT REGULATORY LANGUAGE is am biguous and may lead health care facility administrators to consider using licensed practical nurses, licensed vocational nurses, or surgical technologists in the circulator role. THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT currently has no legislative or regulatory language regarding the RN as circulator, but some nurses are trying to change this. Communication with state legislators, has made it clear that legislators are in need of education about perioperative nursing and the circulator role. AORN J 87 (April 2008) 808–817. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
A Neutronic Investigation of the Use of Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated Fuel for Pu/Np Burning in PWRs

An investigation of the utilization of TRistructural-ISOtropic (TRISO)-coated fuel particles for the burning of plutonium/neptunium (Pu/Np) isotopes in typical Westinghouse four-loop pressurized wa...
Inhibition by steroids of the uptake of potassium by capillaries isolated from rat brain.

The effect of steroids on the uptake and release of K+ by capillaries isolated from rat brain was investigated. 86Rb+ uptake was used as a transport analog of K+. The uptake of 86Rb+ by the capillaries was markedly inhibited by ouabain. The ouabain sensitive fraction of 86Rb+ uptake was inhibited by corticosterone with an I50 of 8 × 10−4 M. Inhibition was immediate in onset and rapidly reversible after removal of the steroid. Corticosterone did not alter the affinity of the transport carrier for K+ or the passive efflux of 86Rb+ from the capillaries. Other steroids inhibited ouabain sensitive 86Rb+ uptake in relation to their lipid solubility. These features suggest a direct membrane action for high dose steroid therapy, possibly on Na+,K+ATPase, rather than a nuclear mediated change in cell function.
Gas separation performance of 6FDA-based polyimides with different chemical structures

Abstract This work reports the gas separation performance of several 6FDA-based polyimides with different chemical structures, to correlate chemical structure with gas transport properties with a special focus on CO2 and CH4 transport and plasticization stability of the polyimides membranes relevant to natural gas purification. The consideration of the other gases (He, O2 and N2) provided additional insights regarding effects of backbone structure on detailed penetrant properties. The polyimides studied include 6FDA-DAM, 6FDA-mPDA, 6FDA-DABA, 6FDA-DAM:DABA (3:2), 6FDA-DAM:mPDA (3:2) and 6FDA-mPDA:DABA (3:2). Both pure and binary gas permeation were investigated. The packing density, which is tunable by adjusting monomer type and composition of the various samples, correlated with transport permeability and selectivity. The separation performance of the polyimides for various gas pairs were also plotted for comparison to the upper bound curves, and it was found that this family of materials shows attractive performance. The CO2 plasticization responses for the un-cross-linked polyimides showed good plasticization resistance to CO2/CH4 mixed gas with 10% CO2; however, only the cross-linked polyimides showed good plasticization resistance under aggressive gas feed conditions (CO2/CH4 mixed gas with 50% CO2 or pure CO2). For future work, asymmetric hollow fibers and carbon molecular sieve membranes based on the most attractive members of the family will be considered.
Intestinal absorption and retention of cadmium in neonatal rat

Abstract Newborn rats were orally dosed at 2 or 24 hr of age with 1 μCi of 115mCd and killed at intervals between 1 and 21 days after dosing. Cadmium absorption (systemic absorption) was about six times greater in 2-hr-old pups as compared with 1-day-old pups, but the rate of absorption after Day 1 was similar in both age groups. Post weanling rats dosed at 6 weeks of age absorbed 0.5% of the Cd dose, whereas rats dosed at 2 and 24 hr of age absorbed approximately 12 and 5% of the dose, respectively. Cadmium was tenaciously retained in the gastrointestinal tract of newborn rats, with over 60% of the Cd dose remaining in the gastrointestinal tract 15 days after dosing. Autoradiographs showed considerable amounts of radioactivity not only in the intestinal surface epithelium and brush borders, but also in the crypts, lamina propia, and muscular layer. Because of the greater absorption and the prolonged intestinal retention of Cd in the newborn rat and the long biological half-life of Cd in the body, Cd exposure in infancy could result in greater lifetime Cd accumulation. The prolonged intestinal retention of Cd may have significant implications on the interpretation of short-term balance studies of metals.
Implementation of a gravity wave source spectrum parameterization dependent on the properties of convection in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM)

[1] This article describes the implementation of a new source spectrum parameterization for convectively generated gravity waves in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 2 (WACCM2). This parameterization is active in the tropics and is interactive with the underlying convection. The gravity wave spectrum at each model grid point and time step is determined based on the convective heating depth, tropospheric wind, and the convective heating rate. This parameterization introduces more realistic spatial and temporal distributions of gravity wave activity and yields gravity wave characteristics related to the underlying wave source. We present the estimated gravity wave momentum flux phase speed spectra at 100 hPa as well as the gravity wave drag in the middle and upper atmosphere using the new source spectrum representation. We also show the effects of this more physically based parameterization on the structure of the stratospheric and mesospheric semi-annual oscillations of the zonal wind compared to a simulation with uniform gravity wave distribution. We conclude that the interaction of the gravity wave parameterization with tropospheric characteristics is a positive step toward a more physical representation of the middle and upper atmosphere.
Stroke 45 Years and Counting

2015 marks the 45th anniversary of Stroke , one of the most influential journals dedicated to the cerebrovascular disease field. Stroke has grown in many ways over the past 45 years under the able leadership of an illustrious group of editors beginning in 1970 with Clark Millikan and including Fletcher McDowell, Henry Barnett, Oscar Reinmuth, Mark Dyken, and Vladimir Hachinski. For the past four and a half years, I have had the privilege to build on the efforts of these giants in our field. Currently, we receive almost 3200 submissions per year of various article types and publish almost 600 articles per year—a dramatic increase from the early years of the journal. With the move to electronic manuscript handling over 15 …
Integrating strategic cost management with a 3DCE environment: Strategies, practices, and benefits

Abstract The overall objective of this exploratory research was to examine the possible competitive advantages when organizations integrate strategic cost management into the simultaneous design of products, processes, and supply chains. The concept of concomitantly designing products, processes and supply chains is referred to by Fine [1998. Clockspeed. Perseus Books, Reading, MA] as three-dimensional concurrent engineering (3DCE). While many organizations have adopted concurrent engineering to design new products, few have simultaneously considered cost issues related to designing the supply chain. Fewer still were found to integrate strategic cost management with 3DCE. Thus a case study approach was deemed necessary. Based on case studies of five firms, a framework of testable propositions was developed. The initial findings indicated there is a positive relationship between the customer's and supplier's extent of participation in new product development, supplier development practices, and the integration of strategic cost management practices with 3DCE. The integration of strategic cost management with 3DCE should result in a higher level of operational performance in terms of product performance, supply chain responsiveness, and conformance to quality. Integration should also result in lower product and process costs, faster time to market, and fewer product launch problems. The overall result is a higher level of company performance and competitiveness.
Lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities in sickle cell anemia: a distinctive pattern from that of AIDS.

In this study, we evaluated lymphocyte subpopulations in 23 adults with SCA. When compared to controls, SCA patients had higher lymphocyte counts with normal numbers of T101+ cells (T-lymphocytes) and T4+ cells. T8+ cells were significantly increased in SCA patients in comparison to controls (1684 +/- 243 vs 980 +/- 367, p less than .001). This increment was largely dependent on a T101-, T8+ cell population. The SCA patients as a group had significantly decreased T4/T8 ratio (p less than .0001). The SCA patients with history of blood transfusions had higher T4+ cells numbers and higher T4/T8 ratio, but no other significant differences from nontransfused patients were noted. Our results are different from those reported for nontransfused children with SCA who showed normal T4/T8 ratio. Thus, a distinct pattern of abnormalities is seen in the lymphocyte subpopulations of adult SCA patients, unrelated to their exposure to blood transfusions.
γ-radiation-induced polymerization of styrene

A study of the gamma -radiation-induced polymerization of styrene at 2.0 to 5.0 rep/hr established rates of polymerization of 0.7 to l.44%/hr with rates dependent on the 0.85 power of the intensity. The rates were determined by polymer isolation and change in refractive index. (auth)
Body composition measures from underwater weighing and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in black and white girls: A comparative study.

The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of body composition in two ethnic groups, 31 black and 38 white girls 10 through 16 years of age, to establish accurate and precise laboratory standards for field measures of body composition in the NHLBI Growth and Health Study HC 55025. The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of fat free mass (FFM) and % body fat (%BF) were made using Hologic QDR-1000/W. Corresponding values of FFM and %BF from underwater weighing (UWW) were determined using the two-component model of Siri, and these were corrected using the model of Lohman for white girls only. In the comparison of the different models and methods, the two-component model overestimated FFM compared to estimates from DXA for black girls, as did the corrected Lohman model for white girls. The two-component model significantly overestimated %BF in both white and black girls compared to corresponding estimates from DXA. The ratio of bone mineral content (BMC)/FFM affected the degree of %BF differences in black girls but not in white girls. Also, as the density of FFM increased or approached adult status in black girls (BMC/FFM increased), differences between the two-component model and estimates from DXA decreased. In both groups of girls, the relationship of %BF from UWW and DXA are a function of the level of body fatness. DXA values of %BF are greater than those from UWW under about 24% body fat, but the converse occurs above 25% body fat. The inability of UWW using the two-component model to account for the body composition in these girls can be corrected in part by measuring the variables for a multicomponent model or more easily by using DXA estimates of body composition. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation, vibrational assignment, structural parameters, and ab initio calculations of oxalyl chlorofluoride

The Raman spectra 2000-10 cm−1 of gaseous, liquid and solid oxalyl chlorofluoride, CFOCClO, have been recorded. The infrared spectra (2000-20 cm−1) of the gas and solid have also been recorded. These data have been interpreted on the basis of an equilibrium between the trans (fluorine atom is oriented trans to the chlorine atom) and cis conformers in the fluid phases, with the trans rotamer being the more stable form. A variable-temperature study of the infrared spectrum of the sample dissolved in liquid xenon gives an enthalpy difference of 201 ± 94 cm−1 (0.574 ± 0.27 kcal mol−1). A similar variable-temperature study of the Raman spectrum of the liquid gives a conformational enthalpy difference of 461 ± 70 cm−1 (1.32 ± 0.2 kcal mol−1). A complete vibrational assignment is provided based on group frequencies, and infrared and Raman spectral intensities, along with support from the normal coordinate analysis utilizing force constants from the ab initio calculations. Optimized geometries, conformational stabilities, unscaled and scaled vibrational frequencies, and harmonic force fields are reported for both conformers from ab initio calculations utilizing the RHF3-21G∗, RHF6-31G∗ and/or MP26-31G∗ basis sets. These results are compared with the corresponding data obtained from both experiment and theory for some similar molecules.
Isolation of a non-sedimenting membrane fraction from the water soluble fraction of bovine lens.

Abstract A membrane fraction was isolated from the water soluble fraction of bovine lens by increasing the density of the water soluble fraction with KBr and subjecting it to overnight centrifugation at 100 000 g. We have called this fraction, which floats to the top of the mixture upon centrifugation, the non-sedimenting membrane fraction (NSMF). Electron microscopy of the NSMF revealed that it is composed of the expected membrane structures of unit membrane, fiber junction and cytoskeleton. Significantly less of the total membrane of the NSMF was devoted to fiber junction (22·8%) than in the sedimenting membrane fraction (SMF) (41·1%) prepared by sucrose density centrifugation of the water insoluble fraction. The NSMF accounted for about 7-12% of the total bovine lens membrane, and preliminary experiments demonstrated that a similar fraction could be isolated from the water soluble fraction of lenses from rats, rabbits, chickens and humans. The NSMF contained about 0·9 mg total lipid per mg total membrane protein, which was significantly greater than the value obtained for the SMF (0·5 mg total lipid per mg total membrane protein). The greater relative amount of total lipid in the NSMF was due to a significantly greater relative amount of phospholipid in the NSMF which was further reflected by the observation that the cholesterol:phospholipid molar ratio of the NSMF (0·58) was significantly less than that of the SMF (0·88). Thus the relative lipid composition of the NSMF was significantly different than that of the SMF. Although the phospholipid content of the NSMF was greater than that of the SMF, the compositions of the phospholipids in the two membrane fractions were similar. The NSMF possessed essentially the same polypeptides (both extrinsic and intrinsic) which were found in the SMF. The NSMF was found to be distributed throughout the lens in a proportionate manner. We conclude that the NSMF may account for most of the lipid which remains in the water soluble fraction of the normal bovine lens after sedimentation of the water insoluble fraction. This membrane fraction substantially differs from the SMF in terms of structure and relative lipid composition. We speculate that the NSMF may represent a specialized domain of the fiber cell plasma membrane which has been previously unrecognized.
Superfluidity in Thin 3He-4He Films

Third-sound resonance experiments1,2 have shown that the superfluid helium film can be studied with remarkable precision. In a series of experiments to study the effect of 3He on a 4He film of constant thickness we have observed several qualitative changes in the propagation of third sound.
Thermodynamics of the anion ordering transitions in (TMTSF)2ReO4 and (TMTSF)2BF4.

We have studied the anion ordering transitions in the Bechgaard salts, (TMTSF) 2 ReO 4 and (TMTSF) 2 BF 4 using ac calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and the vibrating-reed technique. An analysis of the sensitivity of ac calorimetry to (distributed) molar latent heat l(T) is presented. For the ReO 4 salt, the transition is weakly first order, exhibiting no sluggishness or hysteresis. The effective specific heat measured using ac calorimetry, i.e., c p +dl/dT, exhibits a λ-like anomaly, but the entropy of the transition is sample dependent and generally less than the expected value, R ln(2)
Spatial neglect in a patient with logopenic progressive aphasia

Spatial neglect and extinction are induced by posterior superior temporal and inferior parietal dysfunction. In patients with logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) these structures are often degenerated, but there are no reports of these disorders being associated. A 53-year-old man with the signs of LPA revealed right-sided spatial neglect on line bisection and drawing tests as well as multimodal extinction. MRI showed left hemispheric posterior temporoparietal atrophy. Since injury to the core structures for these aphasic and attentional syndromes overlaps, patients with LPA should be screened for spatial neglect and extinction.
Molecular Models of Hydroxide, Oxyhydroxide, and Clay Phases and the Development of a General Force Field

The fate of chemical and radioactive wastes in the environment is related to the ability of natural phases to attenuate and immobilize contaminants through chemical sorption and precipitation processes. Our understanding of these complex processes at the atomic level is provided by a few experimental and analytical methods such as X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopies. However, due to complexities in the structure and composition of clay and other hydrated minerals, and the inherent uncertainties of the experimental methods, it is important to apply theoretical molecular models for a fundamental atomic-level understanding, interpretation, and prediction of these phenomena. In this effort, we have developed a general force field, CLAYFF, suitable for the simulation of hydrated and multicomponent mineral systems and their interfaces with aqueous solutions. Interatomic potentials were derived from parametrizations incorporating structural and spectroscopic data for a variety of simple hydrated compounds. A...