cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Construction of fixed points of nonlinear mappings in Hilbert space

Many of the most important nonlinear problems of applied mathematics reduce to finding solutions of nonlinear functional equations (e.g., nonlinear integral equations, boundary value problems for nonlinear ordinary or partial differential equations, the existence of periodic solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations) which can be formulated in terms of finding the fixed points of a given nonlinear mapping of an infinite dimensional function space X into itself. For mappings satisfying compactness conditions, a general existence theory of fixed points based upon topological arguments has been constructed over a number of decades (associated with the names of Brouwer, Poincare, Lefschetz, Schauder, Leray, and others). More recently, there has begun the systematic study of fixed points of various classes of noncompact mappings, some of which are described in the Discussion below. It is our object in the present paper to survey, systematize, and extend a number of recent results concerning the existence of fixed points of noncompact mappings of a subset C of a Hilbert space H into H. From the point of view of application, it is essential not only to show the existence of fixed points of such mappings under suitable hypotheses, but also to develop systematic techniques for the construction or calculation of such fixed points. The results presented below for various classes of nonlinear mappings (contractive, strictly pseudocontractive, pseudocontractive) may be considered as somewhat sophisticated, sharpened forms of the classical iteration scheme (the method of successive approximations) of Picard-BanachCacciopoli et al. that work in contexts in which the classical iteration scheme no longer applies (and in particular, outside the class of strictly contractive mappings). We have restricted the discussion to the case of mappings defined in Hilbert space both to avoid technical complications in the presentation of the results and proofs, and also, more essentially, because many of the 197
The journey toward shared governance: the lived experience of nurse managers and staff nurses

Aims The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experience of nurse managers and staff nurses in shared governance. Background Shared governance refers to systems and services aligned in partnership. The information gained by studying the lived experience of nurse managers and staff nurses in shared governance is valuable for providing knowledge of empowerment. Methods A qualitative design was used. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview using five questions with 11 Registered Nurses. Data were analysed through thematic analysis. Results Four themes emerged from data analysis. Nurse managers identified the journey of patient satisfaction; journey of empowerment; journey of self-management and journey of wellness. Staff nurses identified the journey of development and implementation of best practice; journey to provide quality patient care, journey to a new culture of nursing; and journey of a variety of challenges. Conclusions This study supports the idea that collaboration between nurse managers and staff nurses develops a journey toward shared governance. Implications for nursing management Nursing management can use findings to empower nurses to collaborate with nurse managers toward best practice. This adds to current knowledge that partnership of nurse managers and staff nurses, supports and encourages ownership in shared governance.
Immunological abnormalities in Job's syndrome

A 9-year-old girl was investigated with Job's syndrome to establish the underlying pathogenesis. Recurrent large but “cold” staphylococcal abscesses in skin, kidney and abdomen were unaccompanied by fever, pain and signs of acute inflammation. Normal parameters of the immunological investigation were: cellular, delayed hypersensitivity type of immunity as demonstrated by: 1) skin test response to staphylococcal protein A, SKSD, Candida and challenge with 2,4-DNFB; 2) transformation of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin and with staphylococci; 3) skin homograft rejection in 10 days; immunoglobulin levels other than IgE; complement component levels and function; heat stable and labile opsonin activity; in vitro phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of several types of staphylococci including the patient's (P.S.); respiratory enzyme activity of these cells during phagocytosis; in vitro chemotaxis of her leukocytes as generated by P.S. in the Boyden chamber; endogenous pyrogen production by her granulocytes in presence of P.S. The striking abnormalities were: 1) marked scarcity of neu-trophilic granulocytes in staphylococcal abscesses; 2) heavy eosinophilic infiltration of the surrounding tissue, 3) basophilic granulocyte accumulation in inflammatory cycle studies using P.S., and 4) extremely elevated serum IgE level. It is concluded that in vivo chemotaxis for neutrophilic granulocytes is defective in this syndrome.
In Situ Catalytic Encapsulation of Core-Shell Nanoparticles Having Variable Shell Thickness: Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of High-Permittivity Metal Oxide Nanocomposites

Aluminum oxide encapsulated high-permittivity (e) BaTiO3 and ZrO2 core-shell nanoparticles having variable Al2O3 shell thicknesses were prepared via a layer-by-layer methylaluminoxane coating proce...
Follicular origin of epidermal papillomas in v-Ha-ras transgenic TG.AC mouse skin

Abstract A follicular origin for some skin tumors has been hypothesized in both humans and animal models. Because of its rapid and sensitive response to tumor promoter treatment, a v-Ha-ras transgenic (TG.AC) mouse line was used to determine the origins of epidermal papillomas. Using histological studies and transgene expression as a marker for papilloma development, we determined that pedunculated papillomas arose from focal hyperplasias of the permanent portion of the follicular epithelium in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated TG.AC mouse skin. Damage to the hair follicle by depilation was also sufficient to induce papillomas that were histologically indistinguishable from those produced by chemical exposure. Identification of the cellular origins of papillomas in this transgenic mouse model will allow for an analysis of the role of the hair follicle and hair cycle-associated signaling in tumor development.
Purification of the glycosylated beta subunit of (Na,K)-ATPase by lectin affinity chromatography

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) affinity chromatography was examined as a method for the purification of the glycosylated beta subunit from SDS solubilized (Na,K)-ATPase. This lectin, WGA, bound quantitatively all of the beta subunit from SDS solubilized (Na,K)-ATPase whether or not the sample was reduced and/r alkylated. The combination of affinity and high performance size exclusion chromatography purified the beta subunit to a single band on SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Compared to other methods of isolation this two step procedure utilizing wheat germ agglutinin was superior in terms of yield and purity for the beta subunit of (Na,K)-ATPase.
An Experimental Parametric Study of Geometric, Reynolds Number, and Ratio of Specific Heats Effects in Three-Dimensional Sidewall Compression Scramjet Inlets at Mach 6

Since mission profiles for airbreathing hypersonic vehicles such as the National Aero-Space Plane include single-stage-to-orbit requirements, real gas effects may become important with respect to engine performance. The effects of the decrease in the ratio of specific heats have been investigated in generic three-dimensional sidewall compression scramjet inlets with leading-edge sweep angles of 30 and 70 degrees. The effects of a decrease in ratio of specific heats were seen by comparing data from two facilities in two test gases: in the Langley Mach 6 CF4 Tunnel in tetrafluoromethane (where gamma=1.22) and in the Langley 15-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel in perfect gas air (where gamma=1.4). In addition to the simulated real gas effects, the parametric effects of cowl position, contraction ratio, leading-edge sweep, and Reynolds number were investigated in the 15-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel. The models were instrumented with a total of 45 static pressure orifices distributed on the sidewalls and baseplate. Surface streamline patterns were examined via oil flow, and schlieren videos were made of the external flow field. The results of these tests have significant implications to ground based testing of inlets in facilities which do not operate at flight enthalpies.
Allotropy in Some Rare-Earth Metals at High Pressures.

Allotropes of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymiumc have been observed at elevated pressures with an x-ray diffraction camera which incorporates a diamondanvil, high-pressure cell. In each case a high-pressure modification was observed which has a face-centered cubic structure. At room temperature the unit cell dimensions (αo) for the high-pressure face-centered cubic structures and approximate pressures at which they were determined are as follows: La, 5.17 A(23 kb); Ce, 4.82 A(15 kb); Pr, 4.88 A(40 kb); and Nd, 4.80 A(50 kb). The unit cell dimensions for the high-pressure forms of La, Pr, and Nd apparently have never been reported.
Report of the Committee on Infiltration, 1953–1954

Two papers are in preparation. The first, The Application of the Ring Infiltrometer to Diagnosis of Irrigation Problems in Southern California [1954], indicates that the one-square-foot ring infiltrometer of conventional type is not suited to quantitative evaluation of irrigation-furrow performance but does provide qualitative values. The conventional ring infiltrometer does not duplicate the gravity and suction head forces involved. The second, Model Studies of the Ring Infiltrometer under Low Initial Soil Moisture, illustrates the significance of the suction head produced by the capillary potential gradient between the wet-dry soil interface and the base of the soil column confined within the ring; and further indicates the relative influence of profile conditions, initial soil moisture, ring depth, and diameter upon rates. More recently, observations made in citrus orchards using the Fred Hamilton type furrow infiltrometer, which permits lateral flow, appear to compare favorably with thefurrow.
Impact of field-transmitted electrocardiography on time to in-hospital thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract To assess the impact of a field-transmitted electrocardiogram (ECG) on patients with possible acute myocardial infarction, randomized and open trials were performed with a portable electrocardiographic system coupled with a cellular phone programmed to automatically transmit ECGs to the base hospital. Consecutive patients served by the 6 units of the Salt Lake City Emergency Rescue System were studied; 71 patients were randomized to in-field ECG (n = 34) versus no ECG (n = 37). Time on scene was 16.4 ± 9.7 minutes for the ECG group versus 16.1 ± 7.0 minutes for the non ECG group (difference not significant). Time of transport averaged 18.2 ± 9.9 and 17.6 ± 13.1 minutes, respectively (difference not significant). Six of 34 patients with in-field ECG showed acute myocardial infarction, qualified for and received thrombolytic therapy at 48 ± 12 minutes after hospital arrival (range 30 to 60) compared with 103 ± 44 minutes (p
The nature of avalanches of superfluid 4He in nuclepore

Abstract Superfluid 4 He exhibits hysteretic behavior in the porous material Nuclepore due to capillary condensation, and one observes avalanches in the draining for a narrow range of chemical potential. We report results which show the temperature dependence of the avalanche size distributions and reveal that the size distributions depend somewhat on the rate of 4 He removal, and we document a qualitative change in the character of the avalanche during complete pore draining.
Expression and function of proenkephalin A messenger ribonucleic acid in murine fetal thymocytes

In recent years we examined the function of the endogenous enkephalins encoded by PEA messenger RNA (mRNA) expressed in murine thymocytes, the precursor cells to T lymphocytes, which are the primary effector cells in cell- mediated immune responses. In the present study, we examined the expression and function of PEA mRNA and enkephalins in fetal thymocytes. By Northern gel and in situ hybridization techniques, we show that PEA mRNA is constitutively expressed in fetal thymocytes early in gestation, with maximal expression occurring on day 15. By birth, PEA mRNA is no longer constitutively expressed, but can be induced by culturing newborn thymocytes with the T cell-specific mitogen, Concanavalin-A. Both a delta-opioid receptor antagonist, naltrindole, and a PEA mRNA-specific antisense complementary DNA enhance the spontaneous proliferation of day 15, but not day 14, fetal thymocytes, consistent with the observation that PEA mRNA is expressed in thymocytes on day 15, but not day 14, of gestation. The enha...
Fear of success and failure, or norms for achievement?

Previous research has indicated that success in competitive situations is differentially perceived, considering the level of success and sex of person who succeeded. The amount of projected negative imagery of 100 college students under various degrees of a man's or woman's failure in medical school was investigated in the present study. Data indicated a pervasive tendency to downgrade unsuccessful men in relation to unsuccessful women. The possibility that subjects' responses reflect anxiety about the level of success and failure obtained, rather than anxiety about success and failure in general, is discussed.
The anti-neutrino reaction in 127I

We discuss the reaction, νe + 127I → X + e+, including its importance as possible tool for calibrating solar neutrino detectors. We also obtain the cross section for this reaction from threshold to 53 MeV for two different assumptions concerning the q2 dependence of the transition matrix element making use of data for the total muon capture rate in 127I. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the cross section for this reaction and the cross section for the process νe + 127I → e− + X.
Introduction: gene vaccination, current concepts and future directions

Intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation with plasmid (p) DNA encoding a specific antigen (gene vaccination) has been shown to induce both antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses [12, 23, 37, 40, 41]. In different models of viral diseases, in which challenge of immunized animals with virulent virus is possible, these responses have been found to be protective [28, 37]. Antibodies have been raised in various species (e.g., chickens, mice, ferrets, cattle and non-human primates) by the injection of pDNA that encode various antigens such as: hemagglutinin [37], matrix protein and nucleoprotein from the influenza virus [9], glycoprotein (gp) 120 and pg160 from the HIV-1 ([40, 41] and Kim et al. in this issue), gIV from bovine herpes virus [7], surface gp from rabies virus [43], hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen ([8, 14] and Davis et al. in this issue), the malaria sporozoite protein ([16] and Hedstorm et al. in this issue), the heat-shock protein (hsp) 65 antigen from mycobacteria tuberculosis ([36] and Lowrie et al. in this issue), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen ([15] and Inchauspe in this issue). The immune response induced by injection of pDNA-encoded viral antigens persisted more than 12 months in Rhesus monkeys [9, 40, 41].
Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of nitroglycerin in batch and packed bed bioreactors

Glycerol trinitrate (GTN) is a contaminant commonly found in the waste streams of munitions manufacturing and pharmaceutical plants. It is a highly toxic substance harmful to humans and other living organisms. In this study, the bioconversion of GTN was examined under aerobic conditions using mixed bacterial cultures and Phanerochaete chrysosporium , and under strict anaerobiosis using anaerobic digester sludge. Batch reactor experiments indicated that activated sludge, P. chrysosporium , and anaerobic digester sludge can completely denitrate GTN via a mechanism which forms isomeric glycerol dinitrate (GDN), glycerol mononitrate (GMN) and a utilizable carbon source, most likely glycerol. The rate of bioconversion in the aerobic and the anaerobic systems was dependent upon the concentration of cosubstrate. Continuous flow experiments in immobilized bed reactors indicated that anaerobic degradation of GTN can achieve high destruction efficiencies of the parent compound (99.9%) and the intermediate metabolic nitrate ester compounds (GDN, GMN) at relatively low cosubstrate requirements compared to the aerobic reactors.
Inhalation uptake of low level elemental mercury vapor and its tissue distribution in rats.

Elemental mercury vapor is the major component of mercury found in the atmosphere. Furthermore, if usage of coal is increased to meet the energy demand, then atmospheric levels of mercury are expected to rise. Current atmospheric concentrations of mercury vapor over select urban areas of the United States range from 0.5 to 50 ng m/sup -3/ with a mean of 7 ng m/sup -3/. Mercury concentration in brain tissue following inhalation of elemental mercury is significantly higher than those from intravenous injection or oral administration of either organic or ionic mercurials. Although elemental mercury is rapidly oxidized in the blood to the less diffusable mercuric ion, the transient occurrence of elemental mercury in the blood stream and the increased levels detected in the central nervous system are likely a result of its rapid diffusion into target tissues. This study reports the inhalation uptake and consequent tissue distribution of radioactive elemental mercury vapor in rats over a concentration range of 15 to 916 ng m/sup -3/, with particular emphasis on measurement below 50 ng m/sup -3/, in an effort to determine if the tissue distribution of mercury after a low level exposure is similar to those reported using higher concentrations.
Management of patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma

A number of management options are available for patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. In this Review these different treatment options are discussed along with issues of how to select the most appropriate treatment for patients with different clinical characteristics. Follow-up is also reviewed, particularly the issue of tumor recurrence in the bladder. Multiple therapeutic options are available for the management of patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Radical nephroureterectomy with an ipsilateral bladder cuff is the gold-standard therapy for upper-tract cancers. However, less invasive alternatives have a role in the treatment of this disease. Endoscopic management of upper-tract TCC is a reasonable strategy for patients with anatomic or functional solitary kidneys, bilateral upper-tract TCC, baseline renal insufficiency, and significant comorbid diseases. Select patients with a normal contralateral kidney who have small, low-grade lesions might also be candidates for endoscopic ablation. Distal ureterectomy is an option for patients with high-grade, invasive, or bulky tumors of the distal ureter not amenable to endoscopic management. In appropriately selected patients, outcomes following distal ureterectomy are similar to that of radical nephroureterectomy. Bladder cancer is a common occurrence following the management of upper-tract TCC. Currently, there are no variables that consistently predict which patients will develop intravesical recurrences. As such, surveillance with cystoscopy and cytology following surgical management of upper-tract TCC is essential. Extrapolating from data on bladder TCC, both regional lymphadenectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens are likely to be beneficial for patients with upper-tract TCC, particularly in the setting of bulky disease.
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS' BEHAVIOR UNDER PRICE AND YIELD INSTABILITY?

Unstable prices and yields imply uncertain prices and yields. One could imagine a situation where controlled prices were announced well in advance but fluctuated according to perceived circumstances at the times of the announcements. Some agricultural programs have approximated the latter, but the main interest here is in supply response with price unknown at the time production and tentative marketing decisions are made. In considering producer behavior in the United States, it is worth noting that 70% of cash sales are furnished by the 450,000 farms (16%) having sales of $40,000 or more. On the average, each operator in this group controls nearly a million dollars worth of farm assets. Thus, supply response is principally determined by a group of highly competitive, respectably sized businesses. Direct observation supports the theoretical conjecture that survival or growth in such businesses requires intelligent, industrious, and informed managers. So the mental image I have of the party whose decisions we want to understand is that of an alert, sophisticated person continually mingling physical and supervisory tasks with a wide assortment of calculations and gathering and sifting a variety of relevant information.
Revenue sharing and monopoly government: A comment

In an earlier article McKenzie and Staaf assert that revenue sharing is a form of 'price'-fixing by governments, designed to 'increase tax collections and/or cause a reduction in the equality and quantity of goods and services provided by local governments.' They argue that competition among local governments breaks down when taxes are centralized at the national level and, therefore, the monopoly power of local governments is increased. In examining their claims we find that fixing taxes at an artificially high level is not sufficient to break down competition; the result should be either that state and local governments use their revenue sharing funds to reduce taxes, or, if there is an increase in taxes, that it should be accompanied by an increase, not a decrease, in the quality and quantity of services. We then present some evidence which supports our position. Last, we question their claim that revenue sharing has 'directly and without delay' increased taxes by substituting federal taxes for state and local taxes which are -deductable from federal taxes.
Nonequilibrium Continuum Traffic Flow Model with Frozen Sound Wave Speed

Results are presented from a recent study on a variation of a new non-equilibrium continuum traffic flow model in which traffic sound speed is constant. Hence this model is called the frozen-wave model. This model resembles the Payne-Whitham model but avoids the "back-traveling" of the latter. For this frozen-wave model, the Riemann problem is analyzed for its homogeneous system, two numerical solution methods are developed to solve it, and numerical simulations are carried out under both stable and unstable traffic conditions. These results show that under stable conditions, the model behaves similarly to the Payne-Whitham model. However, under unstable traffic conditions, it has nonphysical solutions or no solutions when a vacuum problem occurs. This study, on the one hand, provides a more complete picture of the properties of this frozen-wave model and reduces the risk of improper applications of it. On the other hand, it also highlights the need to adopt a density-dependent sound speed.
Men, women and the dynamics of presidential approval

Although commentary on the ‘gender gap’ is a staple of political discourse in the United States, most analyses of the dynamics of presidential approval have ignored possible gender differences in the forces driving approval ratings of US presidents. This article analyses gender differences in the impact of economic evaluations and political interventions on the dynamics of presidential approval between 1978 and 1997. The analyses are made possible by disaggregating 240 monthly Survey of Consumers datasets gathered over this period. These data show that women's economic evaluations are consistently more pessimistic than men's, regardless of who occupied the Oval Office. Analyses of rival presidential approval models reveal that a national prospective economic evaluation model performs best for women, but a personal prospective model works best for men. Parameter estimates indicate that economic evaluations accounted for substantial proportions of gender differences in presidential approval in the post-Carter era. Men and women also reacted differently to presidential transitions, with approval increasing more among men when Reagan replaced Carter, and more among women when Clinton replaced Bush. The hypothesis that men are more susceptible than women to rally effects induced by domestic and international crises and wars does not receive consistent support.
Explaining sex differences in interaction goals in support situations: Some mediating effects of expressivity and instrumentality

The current study examined the extent to which personality orientations such as expressiveness and instrumentality mediate the effects of sex on goal orientations in support situations. Participants (N = 184; 89 males and 95 females) completed a questionnaire that provided assessments of biological sex, instrumental and expressive personality orientations, and interaction goals in support contexts. Regression procedures indicated that the influence of sex on communication goals was indirect, with sex primarily associated with personality orientation, and personality orientation influencing two of the four communication goals. The personality trait of expressiveness also exerted a direct influence on the goal of discussing feelings. Interestingly, personality did not predict the goal of talking about the problem. The success of this model suggests that it is possible to develop more explanatory accounts of how sex influences varied forms of social behavior.
Validity of the high energy approximation for medium energies

Abstract A new exact representation for the elastic scattering amplitude is derived. Application of the high energy approximation to the new amplitude yields Glauber's result. The present derivation, however, shows that Glauber's amplitude should be useful down to medium energies.
Energy Bands and the Optical Properties of LiCl

Using a recently developed local-orbital theory of the author's, the ground-state eigenfunctions of the LiCl crystal in the Hartree-Fock approximation have been obtained. Using these functions to form the crystal charge density, the one-electron energy bands have been computed in essentially the Hartree-Fock approximation using the mixed-basis technique. Various levels of approximation within the local-orbital approximation are investigated. Polarization corrections to the energy bands are included by the method of Fowler. Finally, using tight-binding interpolation for the valence levels and empirical pseudo-potentials for the conduction bands, the density of states for the valence and conduction states are obtained, and a joint density of states is computed. Extensive experimental comparisons are made. The principal results are the following: (1) The valence bands are very wide ($3p$ band is about 8 eV wide). (2) The soft x-ray spectrum can be interpreted in terms of the band structure. (3) Polarization corrections are significant.
Simple Methods for Analyzing Three-Factor Interaction in Contingency Tables

Abstract The earlier literature on three-factor interactions in a three-way contingency table was concerned mainly with the null hypothesis H 0 that these interactions are all nil. In the present article, we present methods for testing H 0 which are easier to apply than those suggested by earlier writers on this subject, and in addition we develop methods for obtaining simultaneous confidence intervals for estimating the magnitudes of the three-factor interactions in the three-way contingency table, i.e., in the I × J × K contingency table. We also show how to partition a chi-square statistic for testing H 0 in a 2 × 2 × K table into K − 1 asymptotically independent components that can be used to test K − 1 different sub-hypotheses into which the hypothesis H 0 can be partitioned, and we introduce a rough and ready approximate method for testing H 0 in a 2 × J × K table which is much simpler than any other valid method presented heretofore for testing H 0.
Primiparas' attitudes toward mothering.

The attitudes toward mothering of 78 primiparas were assessed when their infants were one month, six months, and twelve months of age, using a modification of Roth's Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation (MCRE). Changes in attitudes toward mothering during the infant's first year and relationships between subjects' attitudes toward mothering and their perceptions of their own mothers' mothering were examined. Differences in attitudes toward mothering were also examined considering selected sociodemographic variables. There was a significant positive correlation between subjects' attitudes toward mothering on Acceptance, Overindulgence, and Overprotection, with their perceptions of their own mothers' attitudes toward mothering. Attitudes toward mothering did not change significantly during the infant's first year. Scale scores for Acceptance were negatively correlated with scores on Overindulgence, Overprotection, and Rejection. Mothers who were referred for infant care or parenting skills scored significan...
The Value of a Family Registry in the Age of Molecular Analysis and Research

Family registries for hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes continue to play an important role even in modern age. With rapid advances in genetic technology likely to continue, and with the increasing availability of genetic testing, the need for such registries is likely to increase, not decrease. They not only support the education of patients, families, and physicians but allow deepening the research by linking genetic mutations to specific phenotypes and clinical courses. However, most notably, registries have been associated with prevention of cancer deaths. The setup of a family registry is recommended, but needs a systematic planning for a successful implementation [ Guest Editor ].
Illuminating the Downside of Social Capital : Negotiated Coexistence, Property Crime, and Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

The potential “downside” of social capital has received relatively limited attention in research to date. In this article, the author presents a theoretical approach to urban crime and criminogenic conditions that emphasizes the potential for competition between two types of social capital, social network—based reciprocated exchange and collective efficacy, in the regulation of neighborhood crime. This “negotiated coexistence” approach hypothesizes that as network interaction and reciprocated exchange among neighborhood residents increase, offenders and conventional residents become increasingly interdependent. In turn, the social capital provided by network integration of offenders may diminish the regulatory effectiveness of collective efficacy. Using data from the 1990 Census and the 1994-1995 Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods Community Survey, the author tests the negotiated-coexistence model against competing expectations regarding the association between networks, collective efficacy, and crime. Consistent with the negotiated-coexistence approach, ordinary least squares and spatial regression models of property crime and social disorder indicate that the regulatory effects of collective efficacy on crime are reduced in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of network interaction and reciprocated exchange.
A steroid receptor coactivator acts as the DNA-binding partner of the methoprene-tolerant protein in regulating juvenile hormone response genes

Methoprene-tolerant (Met) protein is a juvenile hormone (JH) receptor in insects. JH-bound Met forms a complex with the βFtz-F1-interacting steroid receptor coactivator (FISC) and together they regulate JH response genes in mosquitoes. Both proteins contain basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and PAS motifs. Here we demonstrated that FISC is the obligatory partner of Met for binding to JH-response elements (JHREs). Met or FISC alone could not bind a previously characterized JHRE, while formation of the Met-FISC complex was necessary and sufficient to bind to the JHRE. This binding required participation of the DNA-binding domains of both Met and FISC. The optimal DNA sequence recognized by Met and FISC contained a core consensus sequence GCACGTG. While formation of the Met-FISC complex in mosquito cells was induced by JH, heterodimerization and DNA binding of bacterially expressed Met and FISC were JH-independent, implying that additional mosquito proteins were required to modulate formation of the receptor complex.
Ovarian cysts complicating pregnancy

Abstract 1. 1. The presence of an ovarian cyst is not incompatible with normal pregnancy, labor or puerperium. 2. 2. The usual complications of ovarian cysts occurring in the non-pregnant is more apt to occur in the pregnant. 3. 3. Ovariotomy is indicated in every case of pregnancy complicated by an ovarian cyst. It should not be done during the first three months of pregnancy because of the possibility of removing the corpus luteum which is usually followed by abortion. If the presence of the cyst is first diagnosed in the last months of pregnancy, one of two courses would seem to be indicated: either to wait until full term and then to do a cesarean section and ovariotomy, rather than subject the cicatrix of a recent operation to the strain of labor; or else, if labor and delivery promise to be uncomplicated, to let them occur normally and then to do an ovariotomy early in the puerperium. When the diagnosis of ovarian cyst is first made in the puerperium, ovariotomy should be performed forewith.
SURGICAL CORRECTION OF STRESS INCONTINENCE IN MORBIDLY OBESE WOMEN

AbstractPurpose: Obesity is a contributing factor to the development of stress urinary incontinence in women, in addition to surgical technical factors which may make some urologists reticent to offer operative therapy. We reviewed our series of morbidly obese women who underwent anti-incontinence surgery to determine if they were at higher risk for surgical failure.Materials and Methods: The records of our operative series of female stress urinary incontinence were reviewed and 16 women were considered morbidly obese. Transvaginal bladder neck suspension was performed in 4 women and sling procedures in 12, depending on preoperative urodynamic findings.Results: Bladder neck suspension procedures failed in 2 cases, and no sling procedures failed. There was no recurrent or new pelvic floor deficit. The operations were somewhat more difficult to perform due to the body habitus of these patients but there were no intraoperative complications and only 1 minor wound infection postoperatively.Conclusions: Morbid...
Control of a High Performance Maneuvering Reentry Vehicle Using Dynamic Inversion

The design of flight control systems for high performance maneuvering reentry vehicles presents a significant challenge to the control systems designer. These vehicles typically have a much higher ballistic coefficient than crewed vehicles like the Space Shuttle or proposed crew return vehicles such as the X-38. Moreover, the missions of high performance vehicles usually require a steeper reentry flight path angle, followed by a pull-out into level flight. These vehicles then must transit the entire atmosphere and robustly perform the maneuvers required for the mission. The vehicles must also be flown with small static margins in order to perform the required maneuvers, which can result in highly nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics that frequently transition from being aerodynamically stable to unstable as the angle of attack increases. The control system design technique of dynamic inversion has been applied successfully to both high performance aircraft and low beta reentry vehicles. This paper explores the application of this technique to high performance maneuvering reentry vehicles and includes the basic derivation of the dynamic inversion technique, followed by the extension of that technique to the use of tabular trim aerodynamic models in the controller. The dynamic inversion equations are developed for high performance vehicles and augmented to allow the selection of a desired response for the control system. A six degree of freedom simulation is used to evaluate the performance of the dynamic inversion approach, and results for both nominal and off nominal aerodynamic characteristics are presented.
Novel mutations causing medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: under-representation of the common c.985 A > G mutation in the New York state population

Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is one of the most common fatty acid oxidation disorders. A subpopulation of children with MCADD present with metabolic crisis induced by fasting or illness, become lethargic, and can experience seizures or coma, culminating in a 20% mortality rate during the first episode. The frequency of these metabolic crises can be reduced with early diagnosis and treatment. The prevalence of MCADD in the United States is estimated to be 1 per 15,000 with p.K304E (c.985A > G) accounting for 90% of mutant alleles. In an 18-month period after initiating screening, the New York State Newborn Screening Mass Spectrometry Laboratory screened 385,893 newborns and referred 511 samples with elevated (>or=0.3 micromol/L) octanoylcarnitine (C8) levels for molecular testing. Of these referrals, six p.K304E homozygotes and 154 heterozygotes were identified. Twenty infants were biochemically confirmed with MCADD, per report from the child's pediatrician and/or treatment center. In these 20 cases, p.K304E accounted for only 47.5% of the mutant alleles. Further testing showed a second variant, p.Y42H, accounted for 7.5% of mutant alleles while the remaining 45% were unknown. Samples from all diagnosed non-p.K304E homozygous infants, and samples with C8 levels >or=1.0 micromol/L were sequenced (n = 16). Six novel and seven previously reported mutations were detected. These results suggest that p.K304E has a far lower representation in New York newborns with MCADD than current literature estimates and its full mutational spectrum is still unknown.
Potluck: semi-ontology alignment for casual users

Potluck is a web user interface (Figure 1) that lets casual users-- those without programming skills and data modeling expertise--repurpose heterogeneous Semantic Web data. It lets users merge, navigate, visualize, and clean up data all at the same time, using direct visual manipulation. This iterative process of integrating the data while constructing useful visualizations is desirable when the user is unfamiliar with the data at the beginning--a common case--and wishes to get immediate value out of the data without having to spend the overhead of completely and perfectly integrating the data first.
Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations

Abstract The present study examined the relationship between the Big Five and the use of Facebook to fulfill belonging and self-presentational needs. One hundred and eighty four undergraduates completed a survey assessing personality and Facebook behaviors and motivations. High agreeableness and neuroticism were the best predictors of belongingness-related behaviors and motivations. Extraversion was associated with more frequent use of Facebook to communicate with others. Self-presentational behaviors and motivations were best predicted by low conscientiousness and high neuroticism. Results suggest that conscientious individuals are cautious in their online self-presentation. Neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion were positively associated with the tendency to express one’s actual self. Neuroticism was positively associated with the expression of ideal and hidden self-aspects. The motivation to express these self-aspects mediated the relationship between neuroticism and self-disclosure.
Reducing computational complexity of time delay estimation method using frequency domain alignment

In this paper, we consider the estimation of time delays between multiple waveforms which are delayed forms of a single waveform. We use a previously defined cost function whose minimization is achieved through applying linear phase shift operators to the discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) of the waveforms. The optimal phase shift operators result in the least differences between the phase shifted DFTs of the waveforms in the frequency domain. The time delays associated with the optimal phase shift operators become the optimal time delays between these waveforms. We demonstrate that the matrix form of the cost function is symmetric and has all zero diagonal entries. Therefore, by using these two features, we achieve a considerable reduction in the computational complexity of the optimization problem without losing accuracy. Performance investigation with six noisy speech waveforms shows that this procedure is very accurate and computationally efficient even under very noisy conditions.
Dental services for migrant and seasonal farmworkers in US community/migrant health centers.

Context Migrant and seasonal farmworkers are recognized as a medically underserved population, yet little information on need, access, and services is available-particularly with regard to oral health care. Purpose This study describes the facilities, services, staffing, and patient characteristics of US dental clinics serving migrant and seasonal farmworkers, and identifies trends and issues that may impede or improve dental care access and service. Methods National databases were used to identify community and migrant health centers providing oral health care to migrant and seasonal farmworkers. Mailed surveys collected information on clinic history, operational details, services provided, patient demographics, employment and resource needs, and perceived barriers to care. Findings Among the 81 respondents (response rate 41%), hours of operation varied from 1 evening a week to more than 40 hours a week; 52% had no evening hours. Almost all the clinics offered preventive, diagnostic, and basic restorative dental services, and roughly two thirds also offered complex restorative services. Patients most frequently sought emergency dental care (44%) followed by basic restorative services (32%) and preventive services (26%). The dentist position was the most difficult to fill, and new funding sources were cited as the most important resource need. Respondents perceived cost of services, lack of transportation, and limited clinic hours as primary barriers to care. Conclusions While some barriers to care have been almost universally addressed (eg, language), there is evidence that some impediments remain and may present significant obstacles to a broad improvement in oral health care for migrant and seasonal farmworkers.
Optical pattern recognition: a personal viewpoint (Invited Paper)

People do pattern recognition differently from current optical computers, but we can learn from them. This is one sense of `personal.'' The other is that I have sacrificed thoroughness and completeness to cut to the heart of what one person (I) believes to be the key current research issues. It is the kind of paper this person likes to read from others
School psychology students' perceptions of their practicum experiences

We surveyed a national sample of 139 school psychology students to better understand their perceptions of their practicum experiences. Specifically, we examined the students' reports of the types of activities in which they engage during practicum experiences and their perceptions of their school-based supervisors' activities. This information is potentially important as school psychology engages in a paradigm shift. Although most school psychology programs may teach students the proposed new and expanded roles, it is unclear whether field-based experiences are congruent with such university-based training. Results indicate that students spent the majority of their practicum time in assessment-related activities. They were generally satisfied with their practicum experience and supervisor, although many knew little about the range of their supervisor's activities. Most field-based practicum supervisors appeared to provide limited modeling of new and expanded roles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 727–736, 2006.
Large random telegraph noise in sub-threshold operation of nano-scale nMOSFETs

We utilize low-frequency noise measurements to examine the sub-threshold voltage (sub-V TH ) operation of highly scaled devices. We find that the sub-V TH low-frequency noise is dominated by random telegraph noise (RTN). The RTN is exacerbated both by channel dimension scaling and reducing the gate overdrive into the sub-V TH regime. These large RTN fluctuations greatly impact circuit variability and represent a troubling obstacle that must be solved if sub-V TH operation is to become a viable solution for low-power applications.
Solid-phase metal chelate assay for quantifying total protein: resistance to chemical interference.

Recently, we developed reversible metal chelate stains that are fully compatible with immunoblotting and protein sequencing. Membrane supports are incubated in Ferrozine®/ferrous complex followed b...
Three easy pieces.

Abstract Background Differential scanning calorimetry is a powerful method that provides a complete thermodynamic characterization of the stability of a protein as a function of temperature. There are, however, circumstances that preclude a complete analysis of DSC data. The most common ones are irreversible denaturation transitions or transitions that take place at temperatures that are beyond the temperature limit of the instrument. Even for a protein that undergoes reversible thermal denaturation, the extrapolation of the thermodynamic data to lower temperatures, usually 25 °C, may become unreliable due to difficulties in the determination of ΔC p . Methods The combination of differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal chemical denaturation allows reliable thermodynamic analysis of protein stability under less than ideal conditions. Results and conclusions This paper demonstrates how DSC can be used in combination with chemical denaturation to address three different scenarios: 1) estimation of an accurate ΔC p value for a reversible denaturation using as a test system the envelope HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120; 2) determination of the Gibbs energy of stability in the region in which thermal denaturation is irreversible using HEW lysozyme at different pH values; and, 3) determination of Gibbs energy of stability for a thermostable protein, thermolysin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Microcalorimetry in the BioSciences — Principles and Applications, edited by Fadi Bou-Abdallah.
Wolffia brasiliensis anatomy is revealed using a simple Microscope Press

Wolffia sp. are approximately one millimeter long when fully developed and are best viewed with a microscope. A rapid and facile technique for the study of Wolffia taxonomic features, without embedding or sectioning, is presented; plant material is compressed to a few planes of focus by slow drying under tension, using a slide and cover slip. The force experienced by sample tissues is moderate, as determined using patterns of optical interference. This method is particularly useful for surveys of anatomical features and numerical assessment of features which are otherwise difficult to quantify. Critical taxonomic features of Wolffia including stomata number and presence of dorsal papillae may be rapidly determined. In addition, features that are generally not observed with other methods are readily apparent, such as large substomatal air pockets.