cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatal Thrombosis After Factor VII Administration During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

p D s EVERE BLEEDING IS A relatively uncommon compli tion of cardiac surgery. However, when it occurs, ssociated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recom ant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a procoagulant that merged as a novel therapy for intractable hemorrhage ardiac surgery in the last decade. 1,2 It has been used in diff nt situations as a rescue agent, and its successful use has escribed in several case reports and series. A case in FVIIa was used unsuccessfully to treat intractable hemorrh s reported. The presentation of its systemic effects was atic and suggests that this agent should be used with ex aution in similar situations.
Do Patient and Nurse Outcome Differences Exist Between 2 Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Systems

Purpose We prospectively compared the effectiveness of foam- and gauze-based negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) systems on wound healing, pain, cost, and hospital length of stay. We also compare ease of use and time in performing dressing changes reported by nurses. Design Randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing foam- and gauze-based NPWT systems. Subjects and setting Eleven adult subjects with physician orders for NPWT participated in the study. Subjects were middle-aged, white, and male. Methods Six subjects were randomly allocated to foam-based and 5 to gauze-based NPWT systems. Wound healing rates and pain at the first dressing change were measured using a centimeter ruler and a visual analog scale, respectively. Wound care costs were tabulated from a checklist of supplies used and nurse perceptions were measured by responses to Likert-type surveys. Relationships between NPWT system and selected variables were measured using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results Median wound healing rates did not differ significantly between foam-based and gauze-based NPWT systems when measured in centimeters at first dressing change for length (10.6 vs 16.5, P = .58), width (2.7 vs 4.2, P = .41), depth (2.2 vs 2.5, P = .78), and tunneling and undermining (both 0 vs 0, P = .82 and .79, respectively). No differences were detected in pain rating at first dressing change (3.2 vs 2.4, P = .77), cost of wound care ($510.18 vs $333.54 P = .86), or hospital length of stay (26.33 vs 14.8 days; P = .58), respectively. There were no differences in nurses' experiences in ease of performing dressing changes and mean time to perform the first dressing change for foam- or gauze-based NPWT systems: 32.3 vs 38.8 minutes; P = .52, respectively. Conclusions In a pilot study comparing the effectiveness of foam- and gauze-based NPWT systems, no statistically significant differences were found in patient wound healing, pain, length of stay, or cost of wound care. Nursing time and perceptions about the ease of preparing and completing dressing changes did not differ between systems. Additional research is needed to more definitively determine any differences in wound healing or nurse satisfaction using gauze- versus foam-based NPWT systems.
Renormalization-group analysis of dynamical symmetry breaking in QCD

We perform a renormalization-group analysis of the dynamical symmetry breaking in QCD based on the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio approach. We show how the mass scale that the fermions acquire in dynamical symmetry breaking can be calculated in terms of the invariant cutoff. We also determine the high-energy behavior of the quark two-point function.
Some Dynamic Features of Langmuir Circulation

Two sets of experiments on Langmuir Circulation (LC) were carried out about 180 nm south of Nantucket Island on July 22 and 23, 1982, on board the USNS Hayes. During the experiments, dye plumes, smoke bombs and surface drifters (computer cards) were released and photographed using two airplanes equipped with special camera packages together with meteorological, wave and hydrographic measurements. The card rows had predominent distances and angles from 2 to 23 m and between 0 and 12 degrees to the right of wind, respectively. Edge of dye plumes perpendicular to the wind showed a wavy form. The spectra of these waves had peaks at wave lengths between 4 to 60 m. The wind speed was almost constant at 11 ms−1 and the current shear between the surface and 4 m was 0.1 s−1. Horizontal eddy diffusivity parallel and normal to the wind was determined from card row stretching and from change of row distances, respectively, with order of 102–103 cm2s−1. From the steady state non-linear, vertically integrated momentum equation scaled with wind stress and LC width along the wind direction is derived an equation for the along-wind component U of the surface current with a sinusoidal across-wind component. U has a peak along the convergence line with about 1 to 60 cm s−1 corresponding to wind stress of 1 to 10 cm2s−2 for LC width of 10 m. The sharpness of the peak increases with increasing inertia effect and decreasing horizontal eddy viscosity or cell bottom stress, which becomes effective along the LC divergence lines.
Role of Organic Coatings in Regulating N2O5 Reactive Uptake to Sea Spray Aerosol.

Previous laboratory measurements and field observations have suggested that the reactive uptake of N2O5 to sea spray aerosol particles is a complex function of particle chemical composition and phase, where surface active organics can suppress the reactive uptake by up to a factor of 60. To date, there are no direct studies of the reactive uptake of N2O5 to nascent sea spray aerosol that permit assessment of the role that organic molecules present in sea spray aerosol (SSA) may play in suppressing or enhancing N2O5 uptake kinetics. In this study, SSA was generated from ambient seawater and artificial seawater matrices using a Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (MART), capable of producing nascent SSA representative of ambient conditions. The reactive uptake coefficient of N2O5 (γ(N2O5)) on nascent SSA was determined using an entrained aerosol flow reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer for measurement of surface area dependent heterogeneous loss rates. Population averaged measurements of γ(...
Managing Demand Uncertainty through Core Acquisition in Remanufacturing

We discuss the optimal raw material acquisition strategy for a third party remanufacturer (3PR). We specifically investigate whether a 3PR should acquire used products or cores in bulk with uncertain quality levels, or in sorted grades with known quality levels; and whether to acquire and remanufacture cores before the demand is realized (planned acquisition), or after the demand is realized (reactive acquisition), or on both occasions (sequential acquisition). When only sorted cores are acquired, we find that, (i) it is optimal to acquire cores in multiple grades to balance acquisition and remanufacturing costs; (ii) if reactive acquisition is possible, it reduces the assortment size (number of grades in which cores are acquired) and the total inventory acquired in the planned acquisition; and (iii) the optimal portfolio of grades to acquire and the optimal acquisition and remanufacturing quantities of these grades can be determined analytically. When bulk cores are acquired in addition to sorted cores, the property of reduction in assortment size of the planned acquisition is preserved. We also show that the 3PR should acquire only a fraction of the demand in planned acquisition, and leave the rest for reactive acquisition. This fraction changes during the lifecycle of a remanufactured product. Using a combination of empirical and realistic data from a smartphone remanufacturer we show that sequential acquisition increases expected profit by up to 8% and 27% over only planned and only reactive acquisitions respectively, and reduces the inventory acquired by up to 21% over only planned acquisition.
Comparative Cu Diffusion Studies in Advanced Metallizations of Cu and Al-Cu Based Thin Films

Availability of diffusion data is important in the evaluation of the prospect of substituting Cu for Al-Cu metallization for improving electrical and electromigration performance. Measurements have been made of 67Cu radioactive tracer diffusion in Cu, Cu-0.4Zr and several Al-Cu thin films of commonly used compositions. Grain boundary self diffusion in Cu is described by δDb= 1.5xl0-9 exp( — 0.92eV/kT) cm3/ sec. The activation energy for Cu diffusion in Al, Al-l%Cu and Al-0.5Cu-0.15Ti thin films depends on the amount of Cu present and varies in the 0.4 - 1.0 eV range. The measured diffusion parameters in the two alloy systems are compared and contrasted with those available from electromigration studies.
Managed Care: Rationing without Justice, but Not Unjustly

Three ethical criticisms of managed care are often voiced: (1) by "skimming the cream" of the patient population, managed care organizations fail to discharge their obligations to improve access, or at least, to not worsen it; (2) managed care organizations engage in rationing, thereby depriving patients of care to which they are entitled; and (3) by pressuring physicians to ration care, managed care organizations interfere with physicians' fulfillment of their fiduciary obligations to provide the best care for each patient. This article argues that each of these criticisms is misconceived. The first rests on the false assumption that the health care system includes a workable division of responsibility regarding access that assigns obligations concerning access to managed care organizations. The second and third criticisms wrongly assume that we in the United States have taken the first step toward assuring equitable access to care for all, articulating a standard for what counts as an "adequate level of care" to which all are entitled. These three misguided criticisms obscure the most fundamental ethical flaw of managed care: the fact that it operates in an institutional setting within which no connection can be made between the activity of rationing and the basic requirements of justice.
Electron-Spin Resonance of K 2 Zn F 4 : Mn 2 +

Electron-spin-resonance (ESR) measurements at 24 GHz have been made on single crystals of ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$Zn${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ doped with Mn. The spectra obtained in these measurements correspond to ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ in the ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{2+}$ sites (point group $\frac{4}{\mathrm{mmm}}$)) in this material. The measured values of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters corresponding to the fine and hyperfine structure are ${g}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=2.0030$, ${g}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=2.0028$, $A=\ensuremath{-}88.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $B=\ensuremath{-}89.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $D=36.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $a=5.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and $F=1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. In addition, the transferred hyperfine parameters were obtained from the ESR measurements. The measured values of these parameters, which result from interactions between the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ $3d$ electrons and ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and which refer to the four equivalent nearest-neighbor ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions in the (001) plane (type I) and the two equivalent nearest-neighbor ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions along the forfold axis (type II), are ${A}_{s}^{\mathrm{I}}=18.1$, ${A}_{s}^{\mathrm{II}}=14.9$, ${A}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\mathrm{I}}0.4$, ${A}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\mathrm{II}}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}{A}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{II}}=0.3$, and ${A}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{I}}\ensuremath{\approx}0$, where the subscripts $s$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}$, and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ refer to $s$, ${p}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$, and ${p}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ electronic bonding, respectively, and all quantities are in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. From these superhyperfine parameters, the fractions of unpaired spin densities were calculated.
Formation of Nanostructures in Silicon by Nanosecond-Pulsed Laser Irradiation

Silicon nanoparticles are formed during pulsed laser ablation under a background atmosphere of Ar gas. In this paper we have characterized the nanoparticles that are backscattered via collisions in the gas phase and redeposited on the target surface. Clustering in an O2/Ar gas atmosphere resulted in the formation of unique nanostructures that photoluminesce in the violet and blue-green portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Ablating a (001) Si target in the presence of ultra-high purity (UHP) argon produced Si nanoparticles outside the irradiated region. The mean diameter of these particles decreases from 50 nm to 5 nm with increasing distance from the laser spot. The nanoparticle distribution can be induced to self-organize in linear arrays by simultaneously irradiating the nanoparticles as they deposit.
The Cost of Euro Adoption in Poland

The paper investigates potential effects of euroization on the economy of Poland. It develops an empirical framework to provide estimations of the euro adoption costs arising from a loss of exchange rate regime as a macro-stabilization tool. The paper quantifies how a replacement of zloty with the euro, and thus the elimination of exchange rate would affect output fluctuations in Poland. Our analysis of the forecast error variance decomposition confirms that the real exchange rate served as an external shock absorber for Polish economy in 1990-2014. We find that external shocks on average explain up to 12-13% of the exchange rate variation and up to 5% in variation of Polish log-transformed output. We also find that over the past two decades the Polandâs economy has become more resilient to external shocks, and thus it is reasonable to expect the cost of euro adoption to decline with further EU integration.
On Institutionalization of the Government-Media-Public Link Mode on Public Emergencies:A Case Study of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief

Contrary to the traditional mode of coping with public emergencies,the characteristics of government- media - public link mode on Wenchuan Earthquake Relief is the practice of the public spirit:flexible and loose political control, the professional and independent media and the deep public participation.The paper discusses whether its main characteristics become laws and conventions by the wide practice,that is,the institutionalization of the mode.
The Linguistic Typology of Templates

This book represents the first comprehensive examination of templatic constructions - namely, linguistic structures involving unexpected linear stipulation - in both morphology and syntax from a typological perspective. It provides a state-of-the-art overview of the previous literature, develops a new typology for categorizing templatic constructions across grammatical domains, and examines their cross-linguistic variation by employing cutting-edge computational methods. It will be of interest to descriptive linguists seeking to gain a better sense of the diversity of the world's templatic constructions, theoretical linguists developing restrictive models of possible templates, and typologists interested in the attested range of patterns of linear stipulation and the application of new kinds of multivariate methods to cross-linguistic data. The new typological framework is illustrated in detail via a number of case studies involving languages of Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas, and numerous other templatic constructions are also considered over the course of the book.
Dermal Dendritic Melanocytic Proliferations

There are several distinct forms of dermal dendritic melanocytic proliferations; the most commonly observed is the blue nevus. The melanocytes have delicately pigmented dendritic processes and oval or round nuclei with delicately dispersed chromatin.
An Alignment-Free "Metapeptide" Strategy for Metaproteomic Characterization of Microbiome Samples Using Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing.

In principle, tandem mass spectrometry can be used to detect and quantify the peptides present in a microbiome sample, enabling functional and taxonomic insight into microbiome metabolic activity. However, the phylogenetic diversity constituting a particular microbiome is often unknown, and many of the organisms present may not have assembled genomes. In ocean microbiome samples, with particularly diverse and uncultured bacterial communities, it is difficult to construct protein databases that contain the bulk of the peptides in the sample without losing detection sensitivity due to the overwhelming number of candidate peptides for each tandem mass spectrum. We describe a method for deriving “metapeptides” (short amino acid sequences that may be represented in multiple organisms) from shotgun metagenomic sequencing of microbiome samples. In two ocean microbiome samples, we constructed site-specific metapeptide databases to detect more than one and a half times as many peptides as by searching against pred...
High-Spin Organic Diradical with Robust Stability

Triplet ground-state organic molecules are interesting with respect to several emerging technologies but typically exhibit limited stability. We report two organic diradicals, one of which possesses a triplet ground state (2J/kB = 234 ± 36 K) and robust stability at elevated temperatures. We are able to sublime this high-spin diradical under high vacuum at 140 °C with no significant decomposition.
The genetics and mechanisms of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy derived from early T cell progenitors. In recent years genomic and transcriptomic studies have uncovered major oncogenic and tumour suppressor pathways involved in T-ALL transformation and identified distinct biological groups associated with prognosis. An increased understanding of T-ALL biology has already translated into new prognostic biomarkers and improved animal models of leukaemia and has opened opportunities for the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of this disease. In this Review we examine our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-ALL and recent developments in the translation of these results to the clinic.
Webs of defense: Structure and meaning of defensive visibility networks in Prehispanic Peru

Abstract Although visibility between or within ancient settlement has long been an element of archaeological investigation and imagination, the structure, processes, and consequences of networks of visibility are just beginning to be treated in a formal manner. This paper uses two Andean case-study regions with particularly strong defensive settlement patterns, the Titicaca Basin and the Moche Valley, to build a methodology for modeling, testing, and characterizing networks of inter-visibility and how they intersect with patterns of warfare and the construction of political authority upon landscapes. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software is used to re-construct likely networks of inter-visibility between defensive settlements and Complex Network Analyses (CNA) are used to characterize network structure, particularly through the measures of centralization and cohesion. Both case-studies have significantly high values of cohesion, affirming the importance of visual connectedness in defensive settlement. Unlike the decentralized Titicaca Basin, higher values of centralization observed in the Moche Valley may be attributed to the more centralized Chimu Empire.
Cryptic expression of the 70-kDa heat shock protein, hsp72, in gerbil hippocampus after transient ischemia

The 70 kDa heat shock protein, hsp72, is known to be induced following transient global ischemia in brain, as detected by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. However, while hsp72 mRNA is expressed rapidly following postischemic recirculation, immunocytochemistry fails to detect hsp72 protein for many hours after such insults, even in cell populations that readily express Fos and other proteins encoded by ischemia-induced mRNAs. In the present study, hsp72 expression in gerbil hippocampus was compared by immunocytochemistry and immunoblot methods at several intervals following 10 min ischemia. As established in previous studies, hsp72 immunoreactivity remained undetectable in postischemic neurons at 6 h following such insults. In contrast, immunoblots of dissected gerbil hippocampus demonstrated nearly maximal accumulation of hsp72 at this time point. These results indicate that the protein is present, but cryptic to detection in perfusion-fixed sections, during early recirculation. The constitutively expressed heat shock cognate protein, hsc70, did not show significant changes in level or distribution by either method, except for a decrease in CA1 staining at 48 h. These results confirm that hsp72 rapidly accumulates to high levels in postischemic hippocampus, and suggest that further studies of its subcellular localization during this interval may offer insight into its functional role as a component of the stress response in neurons after such insults.
Driving Toward Certainty In UCC Financing Statements: Why Alternative A In The 2010 Amendments To UCC § 9-503(a)(4) Is The Best Rule For Listing Individual Debtor Names

In 2010, the sponsors of the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”) approved certain amendments (the “2010 Amendments”) to UCC Article 9, which deals with secured transactions. Chief among the 2010 Amendments was a change to § 9-503(a)(4), which concerns how the names of individual debtors are to be listed on UCC financing statements that creditors file to perfect their security interests in a debtor’s collateral for a secured loan. Prior to the 2010 Amendments, which became effective in most U.S. States in July 2013, parties to secured transactions were sometimes uncertain as to how a particular individual debtor’s name was required to be listed under § 9-503(a)(4). That uncertainty, in turn, occasionally resulted in a creditor failing to receive a security interest it had bargained for—and thought it had gotten. To remedy those problems, the 2010 Amendments included two alternative amendments to the individual-debtor-name rule under § 9-503(a)(4)—“Alternative A” and “Alternative B”—and left it to each State to decide which alternative to enact. This Article discusses why Alternative A (which requires an individual debtor’s name on a financing statement to match the name on his or her driver’s license) provides the best way to remove the ambiguities that existed under the prior version of § 9-503(a)(4). The Article further explains how sub-rules within Alternative B essentially repeat the same vague standard for listing individual debtor names that existed under the “old” rule, and why Alternative B therefore perpetuates the very risks to creditors who make secured loans to individuals that the 2010 Amendments were intended to eliminate. The Article argues that, if and when such risks under Alternative B begin to cause harm to secured creditors, lawmakers in States that have adopted Alternative B (as well as the UCC’s sponsors themselves) should consider a switch to Alternative A. In the meantime, the Article offers suggestions as to how secured parties can better protect against those risks when filing financing statements, or searching for previously-filed financing statements, against individual debtors in Alternative B jurisdictions.
Pharmacokinetics of Single-Agent Lumiliximab (Anti-CD23 Antibody) in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

CD23 is highly expressed on the cell surface of certain B-cell malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Lumiliximab (L-mab), a macaque-human chimeric anti-CD23 antibody, has been reported to have antitumor activity against CLL in preclinical studies. In this 46 patient, Phase I, multicenter study, single-agent L-mab was evaluated as a treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. Therapy consisted of intravenous L-mab given as 6 regimens: (1) 125 mg/m2/wk for 4 weeks; (2) 250 mg/m2/wk for 4 weeks; (3) 375 mg/m2/wk for 4 weeks; (4) 500 mg/m2/wk for 4 weeks; (5) 500 mg/m2 for 3 doses during Week 1, then 500 mg/m2/wk during Weeks 2 to 4; and (6) 500 mg/m2 three times a week for 4 weeks. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic measurements were evaluated in patients with adequate data. L-mab and anti-L-mab antibody concentrations in plasma were measured by ELISA. L-mab coating of CLL cells and CD23 density on CLL cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. The absence of sustained L-mab concentrations did not allow PK calculations at the 125 mg/m2/wk and 250 mg/m2/wk dose levels. Doses at 375 mg/m2/wk or higher resulted in coating of CD23 binding sites on CLL cells and saturable PK (see table). Anti-L-mab antibody formation was not detected. CD23 density on CLL cells did not change during or after L-mab treatment. In summary, L-mab exhibits saturable PK, low clearance, and low volume of distribution without an immunogenic response. No down regulation of CD23 expression was observed on CLL cells in any dose group, and complete coating of CD23 sites was observed. Median Pharmacokinetic Parameters | Treatment Group | n | C max(μ g/mL) | Clearance (mL/m2/day) | Volume of Distribution (mL/m2) | Half-life (days) | |:---------------:| - | ------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------- | | 1 | 3 | 39 | - | - | - | | 2 | 3 | 84 | - | - | - | | 3 | 8 | 180 | 310 | 3.02 | 7.9 | | 4 | 9 | 245 | 335 | 3.22 | 7.3 | | 5 | 8 | 430 | 406 | 3.45 | 5.4 | | 6 | 9 | 654 | 293 | 3.58 | 10.6 |
Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on bone mineral density and marrow adipose tissue

Bariatric surgery is associated with bone loss but skeletal consequences may differ between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the two most commonly performed bariatric procedures. Furthermore, severe weight loss is associated with high marrow adipose tissue (MAT); however, MAT is also increased in visceral adiposity. The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of RYGB and SG on BMD and MAT. We hypothesized that both bariatric procedures would lead to a decrease in BMD and MAT. We studied 21 adults with morbid obesity (mean BMI 44.1±5.1kg/m2) prior to and 12months after RYGB (n=11) and SG (n=10). All subjects underwent DXA and QCT of the lumbar spine and hip to assess aBMD and vBMD. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue was quantified at L1-L2. MAT of the lumbar spine and femur was assessed by 1H-MR spectroscopy. Calcitropic hormones and bone turnover markers were determined. At 12months after surgery, mean weight and abdominal fat loss was similar between the RYGB and SG groups. Mean serum calcium, 25(OH)-vitamin D, and PTH levels were unchanged after surgery and within the normal range in both groups. Bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX increased within both groups and P1NP increased to a greater extent in the RYGB group (p=0.03). There were significant declines from baseline in spine aBMD and vBMD within the RYGB and SG groups, although the changes were not significantly different between groups (p=0.3). Total hip and femoral neck aBMD by DXA decreased to a greater extent in the RYGB than the SG group (p 0.2). MAT content of the lumbar spine and femoral diaphysis did not change from baseline in the RYGB group but increased after SG (p=0.03). Within the SG group, 12-month change in weight and VAT were positively associated with 12-month change in MAT (p<0.04), suggesting that subjects with less weight and VAT loss had higher MAT. In conclusion, RYGB and SG are associated with declines in lumbar spine BMD, however, the changes are not significantly different between the groups. RYGB may be associated with greater decline of aBMD at the total hip and femoral neck compared to SG. MAT content increased after SG and this was associated with lower weight and VAT loss.
Temporal Differences in Terminal Erythroid Differentiation of Human CD34+ Cells Derived From Cord Blood and Adult Peripheral Blood

Abstract 3200 Purified CD34+ cells derived from either cord blood (CB) or peripheral blood (PB) are currently being used to further our molecular and mechanistic understanding of human terminal erythroid differentiation. What is unclear is whether there are differences in the kinetics of terminal erythroid differentiation of CD34+ cells from these two sources. In the present study, we document that terminal differentiation in cultured CD34+ cells purified from peripheral blood is faster than that of CD34+ cells from cord blood. For these studies, we optimized an 18 day, three phase, in vitro culture system using CD34+ cells to obtain enucleated reticulocytes. In this system, proerythroblasts are generated starting at day 6 which further differentiate during the duration of culture to eventually generate reticulocytes. Based on the expression of various membrane surface markers, we used flow cytometry to quantitatively monitor terminal erythroid differentiation from proerythroblasts to enucleated reticulocytes during culture. The three surface markers, alpha-4 integrin, band 3 and CD36 enabled us to clearly distinguish between all distinct stages of terminal erythroid differentiation – proerythroblasts, early- and late- basophilic erythroblasts, polychromatic and orthochromatic erythroblasts. These analyses enabled us to show that CD34+ cells purified and cultured from peripheral blood underwent terminal erythroid differentiation at a faster rate than CD34+ cells from cord blood. Terminal erythroid differentiation in cord blood cultures was delayed on an average of 2 to 3 days compared to peripheral blood. For example, the surface protein expression pattern seen on days 11–12 of cell culture of peripheral CD34+ cells was not achieved in cord blood cultures until day 14. This delay in terminal differentiation was also reflected by increased extents of enucleation in peripheral blood cultures compared to cord blood (culture day 12: 33% enucleation in PB and 7% in CB and on day 14: 45% enucleation in PB and 19% in CB). These findings have enabled us to document significant differences between the kinetics of terminal erythroid differentiation of CD34+ cells derived from fetal cord and adult peripheral blood. While at the present time we do not have a mechanistic understanding for this difference, we are currently exploring if the observed differences may be related to differences in cell cycle dynamics between fetal and adult erythropopiesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A facile dry-PMMA transfer process for electron-beam lithography on non-flat substrates

This paper presents a simple yet powerful technique that enables the use of high resolution e-beam lithography on irregular substrates by transferring a Dry-Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film. The Dry-PMMA film can be patterned and developed via electron-beam lithography before or after the transfer depending on the applications. Then the film can easily be transferred to non-flat or fragile substrates including the sharp tip of a sewing needle, a conical surface, the edge of a silicon wafer, and suspended structures. Specifically, this paper focuses on a transfer method of pre-pattered Dry-PMMA film on sharp substrates. This technique can be applied to a broad range of applications in micro- and nano-technology research areas where a conventional photo-resist spinning method is not available.
Course Design, Quality Matters Training, and Student Outcomes

ABSTRACTNorth Carolina Central University (NCCU) recognized the need to address the increasing rates of Ds, Fs, and Withdrawal by students matriculating in online courses. Led by two science faculty, a faculty learning community in partnership with the NCCU Division of Extended Studies was created to assess online science course offerings and instruction. Faculty within this learning community completed the Quality Matters (QM) “Applying the Quality Matters Rubric” course. This online training course, coupled with services provided by the NCCU Division of Extended Studies, offered the faculty learning community a variety of pedagogical strategies to meet their instructional needs. All faculty participating in this learning community completed the online training course and all faculty indicated that they implemented changes in their subsequent online course offerings. This article describes the impact of that training and the application of quality course design standards in the Quality Matters Rubric on ...
Emergent Families of the 1970s: Values, Practices, and Impact on Children

The less-than-intact family is not new to the clinician. We have all learned and had confirmed through years of clinical experience that societal disorganization and individual pathology often go hand-in-hand with family disorganization and family pathology. We have had the “aha experience” when searching the record of a juvenile delinquent to find that he essentially was homeless, uprooted from biological parents at an early age; we have shaken our heads knowingly when the father deserts and a child becomes apathetic and withdrawn; we have expected, with a history of early separation between mother and child, a drifting, rootless, unattached youngster. We have had compelling evidence through our experience with individuals who develop deviantly that indeed, the family is the primary socialization agent for the child. Experience has sensitized us, perhaps too much so, to what the stable, rooted, intact nuclear family ideally can and should be providing, not only to the child but to every member. Therefore, when modification in the traditional nuclear family unit has taken place in the past, it is not surprising that clinicians expect the worst and tool up for the resulting personal and societal traumas.
Experimentally Validated Finite Element Simulation of Aluminum Extrusion of a Micro-Multiport Condenser

The research aims at developing and experimentally validating a finite element (FE) model that can be used to optimize the geometry of a porthole die for aluminum extrusion to maximize tooling life while achieving the required product quality. A commercial FEA code that was validated in another study, namely DEFORM 3D®, is used to create a thermo-mechanical model that closely represents the highly non-linear large deformation nature in the extrusion process. Both Lagrangian formulation and Eulerian formulation are explored. Using the Updated Lagrange FE analysis, the tooling components of the modular die are assumed to be rigid in order to achieve the right friction coefficients to validate the experimental data collected during trail runs of the modular die. A steady state FE analysis is run to predict the maximum weld pressure between the mandrel port webs. The simulation is used to study the effects of port opening, port lead angle, and angle intercept distance, on effective stress, material velocity, and welding pressure. Different parameters are predicted, including temperature distribution, wear, stress and stress concentration, extrusion load, exit velocity, exit temperature, material flow through the die port, etc. The insight gained from these simulations can be used to optimize the geometry of the die mandrel.
evaluation of a measurement method for forest vegetation in a large-scale ecological survey

We evaluate a field method for determining species richness andcanopy cover of vascular plants for the Forest Health MonitoringProgram (FHM), an ecological survey of U.S. forests. Measurementsare taken within 12 1-m2 quadrats on 1/15 ha plots in FHM.Species richness and cover are determined for four height classes(strata) within each quadrat and aggregated by stratum over the entireplot. We estimated (1) the agreement between experienced trainers andinexperienced technicians who collected the data on this survey(accuracy) and (2) the agreement among the technicians (precision) forresults on species richness and cover from 3 test plots at 3 timeintervals. The methods appear to be highly precise, although somediscrepancies with the values obtained by the trainers were found.Trainers found significantly more species in the ground stratum (0–0.6 m) and measured significantly more cover in the uppermost stratum(>4.9 m). The proportion of variation due to measurement error andtemporal variability was less than 13% for species richness (all strata)and cover (all but one stratum). This indicates that the method issuitable for monitoring changes in species richness and canopy coverfor a large-scale synoptic monitoring project such as FHM.
V-ATPase-dependent repression of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells.

// Yamhilette Licon-Munoz 1 , Colleen A. Fordyce 1 , Summer Raines Hayek 1 and Karlett J. Parra 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA Correspondence to: Karlett J. Parra, email: kjparra@salud.unm.edu Keywords: prostate cancer; androgen receptor; V-ATPase; concanamycin; HIF-1α Received: January 11, 2018 Accepted: June 04, 2018 Published: June 22, 2018 ABSTRACT Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of death for men in the United States. Suppression of androgen receptor (AR) expression is a desirable mechanism to manage PCa. Our studies showed that AR expression was reduced in LAPC4 and LNCaP PCa cell lines treated with nanomolar concentrations of the V-ATPase inhibitor concanamycin A (CCA). This treatment decreased PSA mRNA levels, indicative of reduced AR activity. V-ATPase-dependent repression of AR expression was linked to defective endo-lysosomal pH regulation and reduced AR expression at the transcriptional level. CCA treatment increased the protein level and nuclear localization of the alpha subunit of the transcription factor HIF-1 (HIF-1α) in PCa cells via decreased hydroxylation and degradation of HIF-1α. The addition of iron (III) citrate restored HIF-1α hydroxylation and decreased total HIF-1α levels in PCa cells treated with CCA. Moreover, iron treatment partially rescued CCA-mediated AR repression. Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), which prevents HIF-1α degradation independently of V-ATPase, also decreased AR levels, supporting our hypothesis that HIF-1α serves as a downstream mediator in the V-ATPase-AR axis. We propose a new V-ATPase-dependent mechanism to inhibit androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer cells involving defective endosomal trafficking of iron and the inhibition of HIF-1 α-subunit turnover.
Gravity Models: An Overview

Given the general class of spatial interaction processes outlined in Chapter 1, we are now ready to develop the specific class of behavioral models which form the central focus of this book — namely gravity models of spatial interaction behavior. To do so, we begin by recalling from the discussion following the Poisson Characterization Theorem in Chapter 1 that each independent interaction process, P = {Pc:c ∈ C}, is completely characterized by its associated mean interaction frequencies, Ec(N ij ), ij ∈ I x J, for each separation configuration, c ∈ C. Hence each explicit model of mean interaction frequencies yields a complete specification of probabilistic interaction behavior in this context. With this observation in mind, recall from the Introduction that gravity models are precisely of this type. In particular, if the ‘interaction levels’, T ij , in expressions (2) through (4) in the Introduction are now interpreted as mean interaction frequencies for the separation configuration defined by distances, d ij then each of these expressions is seen to constitute an explicit (finite parameter) model of mean interaction frequencies. More generally, even for spatial interaction processes in which the axioms of frequency independence and/or locational independence are not appropriate, gravity models may still be interpreted as representations of average interaction behavior within such processes.
More Friends of the Second Amendment: A Walk through the Amicus Briefs in McDonald v. Chicago

This Article summarizes each of the dozens of amicus brief filed in McDonald v. City of Chicago, the case regarding the extension of the right to keep and bear arms to the states. That was perhaps the most interesting question at issue here, but there were others too, with activists, think tanks, politicians, and concerned citizens of all stripes filing 50 amicus briefs (fourth all-time). Many focused on the Due Process versus Privileges or Immunities issue, while others discussed the incorporation of rights generally - treating the debate over Fourteenth Amendment clauses as an academic technicality. Disappointingly, many of the respondents’ amici insisted on re-litigating Heller, arguing about the meaning of the historic right to keep and bear arms and its relationship to militia service. One or more of petitioners’ amici might similarly be criticized for running a Heller victory lap, essentially saying that the individual Second Amendment right is so important that it just has to be incorporated. And, of course, several amici got into a duel, as it were, over the social science evidence regarding effectiveness of gun bans and related issues. The amici (32 for the challengers to the handgun ban, 16 for Chicago, and two styled as not taking sides) not only echo the fundamental disagreement on the nature of the right to keep and bear arms and the role of the federal courts in protecting it, but extend it. Perhaps the most striking, and quite possibly influential, brief was provided by the “Constitutional Law Professors”: anything that brings together conservative, progressive, and libertarian lions - e.g., Steven Calabresi, Jack Balkin, and Randy Barnett, respectively - merits serious consideration. (Full disclosure: I was involved in discussions surrounding that and several other briefs regarding the original understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment and how the Constitution protects rights against state usurpation generally - and of course I signed the Cato Institute’s brief, which was principally authored by Timothy Sandefur of the Pacific Legal Foundation.) I hope that, when read in the light of the Court’s opinions in the case, this Article can serve as a guide for counsel and parties in the litigation over how much states can regulate the right to keep and bear arms that has already been launched.
Combining Site Heterogeneity. Immunodiffusion

There are many in vitro, as well as in vivo, circumstances in which chemical reaction of antigen with antibody is coupled to the presence of time varying concentration gradients of one or both reactants. In this chapter I will consider a simple though immunologically interesting example of this, and show how it can be used to determine information about antiserum characteristics.
Exploring retention and behavioral intentions when using social robotics to communicate a weather risk

Abstract During weather risks and crises, emergency managers and practitioners are often tasked with disseminating messages to individuals or groups of people who are located in a variety of hard-to-reach areas. Social robotics may serve as a useful delivery medium for disseminating some of these messages, if a group is located in an area that is hard to reach. This exploratory study investigated the information retention and behavioral intentions after being disseminated a mock weather risk message. The results provide support for delivery platform being important to consider when disseminating a risk message, such that novel technologies may actually lead to lower retention of message content. Discussion is centered around the implications of using novel technology to communicate risk messages.
Characteristics of prior emergency departments visits associated with subsequent opioid overdose.

Objectives: In this study, we aim to identify and discuss the clinical and demographic characteristics of previous emergency department (ED) patient visits, at one of the only two medical centers in Staten Island, the epicenter of the opioid epidemic within Staten Island, who subsequently present to the ED with an opioid overdose. Design: This was a retrospective, observational study of all patients presenting to the emergency ED between July 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. Setting: The study was conducted at Staten Island University Hospital. The ED has a census of 120,000 patient visits per year. Patients: All adult patients ≥ 18 years of age, with an ICD-9 code consistent with opioid intoxication and a history of intentional or unintentional overdose were included. Main outcome measure: Clinical and demographic characteristics of previous ED patient visits who subsequently presented to the ED with an opioid overdose. Results: One hundred and twenty-four subjects with a median age of 30 years [interquartile range, 24-40] were reviewed. Eighty-seven (70 percent) were males. Fifty-five subjects were admitted, 68 discharged, and one death. Patients were not more likely to present at any specific time of day. The most common past medical history was anxiety (21 percent), depression (20 percent), back pain (15 percent), hypertension (14 percent), and seizure disorder (11 percent). The most common past surgical history was a prior orthopedic procedure (11 percent). Conclusions: This study identified clinical and demographic characteristics of previous ED patient visits who subsequently present to the ED with an opioid overdose. These characteristics will be vital toward an increased understanding of subjects who subsequently experience an opioid overdose.
In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging in a Rabbit Model of Orthopaedic Implant-Associated Infection to Monitor Efficacy of an Antibiotic-Releasing Coating.

BACKGROUND In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) provides noninvasive monitoring of bacterial burden in animal models of orthopaedic implant-associated infection (OIAI). However, technical limitations have limited its use to mouse and rat models of OIAI. The goal of this study was to develop a larger, rabbit model of OIAI using in vivo BLI to evaluate the efficacy of an antibiotic-releasing implant coating. METHODS A nanofiber coating loaded with or without linezolid-rifampin was electrospun onto a surgical-grade locking peg. To model OIAI in rabbits, a medial parapatellar arthrotomy was performed to ream the femoral canal, and a bright bioluminescent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain was inoculated into the canal, followed by retrograde insertion of the coated implant flush with the articular surface. In vivo BLI signals were confirmed by ex vivo colony-forming units (CFUs) from tissue, bone, and implant specimens. RESULTS In this rabbit model of OIAI (n = 6 rabbits per group), implants coated without antibiotics were associated with significantly increased knee width and in vivo BLI signals compared with implants coated with linezolid-rifampin (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). On day 7, the implants without antibiotics were associated with significantly increased CFUs from tissue (mean [and standard error of the mean], 1.4 × 10 ± 2.1 × 10 CFUs; p < 0.001), bone (6.9 × 10 ± 3.1 × 10 CFUs; p < 0.05), and implant (5.1 × 10 ± 2.2 × 10 CFUs; p < 0.05) specimens compared with implants with linezolid-rifampin, which demonstrated no detectable CFUs from any source. CONCLUSIONS By combining a bright bioluminescent MRSA strain with modified techniques, in vivo BLI in a rabbit model of OIAI demonstrated the efficacy of an antibiotic-releasing coating. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The new capability of in vivo BLI for noninvasive monitoring of bacterial burden in larger-animal models of OIAI may have important preclinical relevance.
Abstract P272: The Association Between Sleep Apnea and Left Ventricular Structure and Function: The ECHO-SOL Ancillary Study

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) initiates a range of pathophysiologic mechanisms which may promote cardiac disease, but few studies have examined the association of OSA with global longit...
Metabolomics of exercise pulmonary hypertension are intermediate between controls and patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Mechanisms underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain elusive. Pulmonary arterial hypertension and exercise PH share similar physiologic consequences; it is debated whether they share ...