cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autologous Transplantation for Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Achieves Outcomes Similar to Allogeneic Transplantation - Results of CALGB 10001 (Alliance)

Abstract Abstract 816 We hypothesized that imatinib plus sequential chemotherapy would result in significant leukemia cell cytoreduction (molecular remission) in patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), allowing collection of normal hematopoietic stem cells uncontaminated by residual BCR/ABL+ lymphoblasts and thus reduce the likelihood of relapse after autologous (auto) stem cell transplant (SCT) for patients 120 days had CMR; 2 additional patients achieved MMR, and 1 patient had residual MRD >0.001 (less than MMR); however, the sample size was too small to analyze the effect of MRD on outcome. After a median follow up time of 5.1 years, 9 (47%) of 19 auto-SCT patients and 7 of 15 (47%) of the allo-SCT patients remain alive in continuous CR. Ten of the transplanted patients have relapsed (8 following auto-SCT and 2 following allo-SCT); relapses occurred at a median of 5.9 months following auto-SCT. The DFS (median, 5.5 vs 4.1 years; P=0.84) and OS (median, 6.0 years vs. not reached at >6 years; P=0.90) were similar between those who underwent auto- or allo-SCT (Panels C and D). We conclude that patients who have MRD at levels lower than or equal to MMR following auto-SCT have prolonged survival and that auto-SCT represents a safe and effective alternative to allo-SCT for Ph+ ALL patients without sibling donors. The intergroup trial CALGB 10701 (Alliance) is now testing this strategy in Ph+ ALL patients >50 year old, using dasatinib as the BCR/ABL inhibitor. Download : Download high-res image (14KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure: . Disease-free (A, C) and overall (B, D) survival, stratified by minimal residual disease (MRD) at Day +120 and by transplant type. (A, B) MRD ≤0.001 (major molecular response) vs. >0.001 at day +120 for patients undergoing autologous-stem cell transplant (SCT); (C, D) allogeneic (allo) vs. autologous (auto) SCT. Disclosures: Wetzler: BMS: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Dasatinib is off label but in a clinical trial. 615A Oral Session 1 (3 abstracts) Acute promyelocytic leukemia 622A Oral Session 1 (3 abstracts) Autologous and Allogeneic Transplantatin CLL - Biology and Pathophysiology, excluding Therapy: Cell Signaling Leukemias - Biology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Markers in Diagnosis and Prognosis: Chronic Lymphoid and Myeloid Leukemias 111. Hemoglobinopathies, excluding Thalassemia IV
Measurement of Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease Strictures with Imaging and Blood Biomarkers to Inform Clinical Decisions.

Background: Distinguishing fibrosis from inflammation in an intestinal stricture in Crohn's disease is quite difficult. The absence of signs of inflammation on CT or MRI does not prove the absence of inflammation, as most strictures have a mix of fibrosis and inflammation. Identifying refractory fibrosis and distinguishing the patients who will respond to anti-inflammatory therapy from those who will require surgery are important clinical requirements, and several new technologies in imaging and serum biomarkers are being applied to this problem. Key Messages: Delayed gadolinium enhancement of a Crohn's disease stricture on MRI can reliably identify severe fibrosis, and may be helpful in deciding which patients will require surgery. However, this approach does not appear to be able to identify patients with mild or moderate fibrosis. New imaging technologies, including T2/magnetization transfer MRI, shear wave velocity ultrasound, and photoacoustic imaging, offer promising animal data that could prove to accurately assist clinical decision making. Glyoproteomics has identified hepatic growth factor alpha and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein as possible serum biomarkers to detect and measure intestinal fibrosis. The presence of upstream small bowel dilation >3.5 cm or a platelet/albumin ratio >150 helps in identifying Crohn's disease patients at high risk of stricture resection in the next 2 years. Conclusions: Imaging and biomarker technologies to measure intestinal fibrosis are rapidly evolving, and could soon provide valuable information for clinical decision making for patients with intestinal strictures from Crohn's disease
Designing Polymer Electrolytes for Safe and High Capacity Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

The development of solid polymer electrolytes for lithium battery applications is a challenge of profound technological significance. We have established a collaboration with the aim of understanding and designing improved polymer electrolytes that combines theoretical modeling, polymer synthesis, and experimental characterization. By studying diverse polymer chemistries, we have discovered that ion-solvation-site connectivity is an important feature of polymer electrolytes that is necessary for high lithium-ion conductance. We are employing this insight into search for improved polymer electrolytes, with promising early-stage results.
AutoPlug: An automated metadata service for smart outlets

Low-cost network-connected smart outlets are now available for monitoring, controlling, and scheduling the energy usage of electrical devices. As a result, such smart outlets are being integrated into automated home management systems, which remotely control them by analyzing and interpreting their data. However, to effectively interpret data and control devices, the system must know the type of device that is plugged into each smart outlet. Existing systems require users to manually input and maintain the outlet metadata that associates a device type with a smart outlet. Such manual operation is time-consuming and error-prone: users must initially inventory all outlet-to-device mappings, enter them into the management system, and then update this metadata every time a new device is plugged in or moves to a new outlet. Inaccurate metadata may cause systems to misinterpret data or issue incorrect control actions. To address the problem, we propose AutoPlug, a system that automatically identifies and tracks the devices plugged into smart outlets in real time without user intervention. AutoPlug combines machine learning techniques with time-series analysis of device energy data in real time to accurately identify and track devices on startup, and as they move from outlet-to-outlet. We show that AutoPlug achieves ∼90% identification accuracy on real data collected from 13 distinct device types, while also detecting when a device changes outlets with an accuracy >90%. We implement an AutoPlug prototype on a Raspberry Pi and deploy it live in a real home for a period of 20 days. We show that its performance enables it to monitor up to 25 outlets, while detecting new devices or changes in devices with <50s latency.
Effect of Message Type on the Visual Attention of Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to measure the effect of message type (i.e., action, naming) on the visual attention patterns of individuals with and without traumatic brain injury (T...
1988–89: The Year of OH-Ar

Fluorescence excitation spectra of OH-Ar complexes are observed in the vicinity of several OH A 2∑+ − 2П3/2 transitions. Intermolecular potentials derived from these spectra illustrate the dramatic change in the OH-Ar potential upon electronic excitation of the OH moiety. The OH (center-of-mass) to Ar distance is substantially reduced and Ar becomes much more tightly bound to OH. The differences in the OH-Ar potentials are also reflected in the rate of vibrational predissociation, which is at least a thousand times faster in the excited electronic state. Much smaller changes in the potentials are found upon vibrational excitation of OH, as shown in the ground electronic state by vibrational overtone spectroscopy.
Voluntary Disclosure and Information Intermediaries: Evidence from the Carbon Disclosure Project

Investors, customers, and other stakeholders rely on the information disclosure by firms to evaluate numerous dimensions of the firm’s operations and potential for future profitability. As environmental performance has become increasingly important to customers and investors, intermediaries have developed to fill the void left by the lack of standardized or required reporting and help alleviate the information asymmetry between firms and stakeholders. The ability of these intermediaries to provide accurate and useful information depends on the strategic disclosure of information and reporting by firms. In this paper, we examine one of the largest and most influential intermediaries, the Carbon Disclosure Project, to examine how the contents and the linguistic characteristics of the firm’s survey response determines the CDP scoring, and whether the CDP scores are informative to predict subsequent environmental performance.
An adaptive, implicit, conservative, 1D-2V multi-species Vlasov–Fokker–Planck multi-scale solver in planar geometry

Abstract We consider a 1D-2V Vlasov–Fokker–Planck multi-species ionic description coupled to fluid electrons. We address temporal stiffness with implicit time stepping, suitably preconditioned. To address temperature disparity in time and space, we extend the conservative adaptive velocity-space discretization scheme proposed in [Taitano et al., J. Comput. Phys., 318, 391–420, (2016)] to a spatially inhomogeneous system. In this approach, we normalize the velocity-space coordinate to a temporally and spatially varying local characteristic speed per species. We explicitly consider the resulting inertial terms in the Vlasov equation, and derive a discrete formulation that conserves mass, momentum, and energy up to a prescribed nonlinear tolerance upon convergence. Our conservation strategy employs nonlinear constraints to enforce these properties discretely for both the Vlasov operator and the Fokker–Planck collision operator. Numerical examples of varying degrees of complexity, including shock-wave propagation, demonstrate the favorable efficiency and accuracy properties of the scheme.
Eight Kinetically Stable but Thermodynamically Activated Molecules that Power Cell Metabolism

Contemporary analyses of cell metabolism have called out three metabolites: ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA, as sentinel molecules whose accumulation represent much of the purpose of the catabolic arms of metabolism and then drive many anabolic pathways. Such analyses largely leave out how and why ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA (Figure 1) at the molecular level play such central roles. Yet, without those insights into why cells accumulate them and how the enabling properties of these key metabolites power much of cell metabolism, the underlying molecular logic remains mysterious. Four other metabolites, S-adenosylmethionine, carbamoyl phosphate, UDP-glucose, and Δ2-isopentenyl-PP play similar roles in using group transfer chemistry to drive otherwise unfavorable biosynthetic equilibria. This review provides the underlying chemical logic to remind how these seven key molecules function as mobile packets of cellular currencies for phosphoryl transfers (ATP), acyl transfers (acetyl-CoA, carbamoyl-P), methyl transfers (...
A Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model of multiple informant family health histories

Family health history (FHH) inherently involves collecting proxy reports of health statuses of related family members. Traditionally, such information has been collected from a single informant. More recently, research has suggested that a multiple informant approach to collecting FHH results in improved individual risk assessments. Likewise, recent work has emphasized the importance of incorporating health-related behaviors into FHH-based risk calculations. Integrating both multiple accounts of FHH with behavioral information on family members represents a significant methodological challenge as such FHH data is hierarchical in nature and arises from potentially error-prone processes. In this paper, we introduce a statistical model that addresses these challenges using informative priors for background variation in disease prevalence and the effect of other, potentially correlated, variables while accounting for the nested structure of these data. Our empirical example is drawn from previously published data on families with a history of diabetes. The results of the comparative model assessment suggest that simply accounting for the structured nature of multiple informant FHH data improves classification accuracy over the baseline and that incorporating family member health-related behavioral information into the model is preferred over alternative specifications. The proposed modelling framework is a flexible solution to integrate multiple informant FHH for risk prediction purposes.
The IR Road Map: Vascular Anatomy Overview

The goal of this chapter is to provide an entry-level understanding of the normal vascular arterial and venous anatomy most commonly encountered in interventional radiology. As the saying goes, a picture is worth a thousand words, and we have designed this chapter to be pictorially based. Each vascular region is portrayed with an annotated artist illustration and corresponding example obtained from a vascular CT or MRI scan. The accompanying text provides some context for the new learner. This chapter is not intended to be comprehensive. Rather, it should serve as a foundation upon which to build a more detailed knowledge of vascular anatomy. These additional details are left to the specific organ chapters provided throughout this book or to the numerous available texts already published dedicated to the understanding of normal and variant vascular anatomy.
Surgical Techniques for Extrahepatic Biliary Tract Cancers

For patients with extrahepatic biliary tract cancer, surgical resection is the only therapeutic option offering a chance of cure. However, with its specific location surrounded by multiple viscera and major vascular structures, surgical resection for biliary tract cancer frequently requires advanced surgical techniques. To secure the safety of radical surgery in high risk patients, optimization of the condition of patient and adequate selection of surgical procedure is necessary.
Battery-Aware Time/Range-Extended Leader-Follower Tracking for a Multi-Agent System

This paper studies extending the operation time/range of a multi-agent system (MAS) via enabling a battery awareness in mission-oriented control design. While MASs have gained much popularity nowadays, their use and deployment are often restricted by the operation time/range, due to the limited battery capacity. In an effort to overcome this barrier, this work proposes to leverage a battery's rate capacity effect to extend its runtime, which states that more energy can be drawn from the battery on less aggressive discharging rates. The leader-follower tracking control design is then established in a model predictive control (MPC) framework, which strikes a balance between tracking performance and energy consumption, accounts for the battery's rate capacity dynamics, and incorporates the energy and power constraints. A distributed optimization method is then used to distribute the MPC across the MAS. Leader-follower tracking based on the proposed distributed MPC algorithm is then evaluated through a simulation study and compared with an existing algorithm. The simulation results validate its effectiveness.
Sputtering Rituals: Remembering Pauline Oliveros as Improvisation-in-Action

The short article recollects Pauline Oliveros's transmission of Deep Listening through everyday, direct, and playful means of improvisation.
Optimal enterprise results in the clinical research environment

Even the best scientific minds cannot repeatedly produce desired results when working in sub-optimal systems. Complex enterprises are difficult to understand and manage. Cause-and-effect relationships are often separated in time and space, making real improvements challenging. To understand how complex systems work it is essential that we employ tools that accurately map and quantify the dynamics that drive results. Computer modeling and simulation (CMAS) is a valuable design, planning, management, and overall analytical decision-support tool to achieve effective and efficient results. CMAS could become a ubiquitous tool in the lengthy and complex environment of the clinical research (CR) enterprise. Without the comprehensive understanding gained when applying CMAS, organizations may continue to be overwhelmed by problems such as unnecessary bottlenecks, high costs, low productivity, and the inability of retaining critical staff. The approach explained here may complement or even replace traditional methods when organizations pursue greater enterprise capability.
Abstract reality

Abstract Reality is an interactive installation to create 3D geometric structures as an abstract expression of physical human bodies that the viewers' physical features and their relations to each other and the physical space are transformed into geometric forms and placed in a virtual 3D space, which aims to project the real world into a denoised and human-centered virtual world to connect body and mind through indirect coordinations.
Phenotypes and markers of cesarean delivery among Colombian women.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of socioeconomic status (SES) components (education, occupation, and household wealth) with number (1 or ≥2) and timing (planned/emergency) of cesarean delivery (CD) in Colombia, rates of which are well above the levels recommended by the World Health Organization. METHODS A cross-sectional study using the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Colombia was carried out; 38 718 women answered the woman only module. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to generate estimates of the association between markers of SES and likelihood of CD, timing of CD, and number of CDs. RESULTS The analysis included 9977 women. Although education and wealth were strongly associated with CD (P<0.001), the association between occupation and CD suggested that women in agriculture were the least likely to experience CD (odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-1.03, P=0.061); and women in the "poorer" household wealth category were more likely to have emergency (OR 1.57, CI 1.29-1.90, P<0.001) and two or more (OR 1.64, CI 1.29-2.40, P<0.001) CDs. CONCLUSION Markers of SES are associated with CD overuse in Colombia, as well as the number and timing of CD. More robust qualitative inquiry including additional questions to the DHS survey are needed to elucidate reasons driving the overutilization of CD in the country, particularly among vulnerable populations.
1 GHz Waveform Synthesis With Josephson Junction Arrays

We synthesize single- and multiple-tone waveforms at gigahertz frequencies from arrays of Josephson junctions and demonstrate their quantum-locked operation over a range of experimental input parameters. We first use a lumped-element circuit to synthesize 1 and 2 GHz single-tone waveforms with -71 dBm output power and in-band spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of -66 dBc. We then introduce a narrow-band diplexer circuit and synthesize a 1 GHz sinusoid with higher power (-49 dBm) and in-band SFDR of -79 dBc. To demonstrate the spectrally selective power- and phase-programmability of the diplexer circuit, we also synthesize multisine waveforms with total waveform power of -51 dBm. The spectral purity of the reported waveforms is limited by the room-temperature electronics rather than by the quantized pulse-based synthesis technique. This article provides direction for future circuit designs and uncovers the main factors that must be addressed to achieve higher power, higher spectral purity, and improved output power accuracy. The reported results represent significant progress towards a JAWS-based primary RF reference source that synthesizes programmable, quantum-referenced, low-distortion signals at gigahertz frequencies.
Preoperative laboratory testing for total hip arthroplasty: Unnecessary tests or a helpful prognosticator.

Abstract Background The last decade has seen increasing initiatives to improve health care delivery while decreasing financial expenditures, as particularly exemplified by the implementation of bundled payments for lower extremity arthroplasty, which hold the providers responsible for the both the quality and cost of these procedures. In this context, the utility of routine preoperative laboratory testing is unknown. The present study characterizes the associations, if any, between preoperative sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine values and the occurrence of general health adverse outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Patients undergoing primary THA were identified in the 2011–2015 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Cases with traumatic, oncologic, or infectious indications were excluded. Preoperative levels of sodium, BUN, and creatinine were tested for associations with perioperative adverse events and adverse hospital metrics using multivariate regressions that adjusted for patient baseline characteristics. Results A total of 92,093 patients were included, of which 5.25% had an abnormal preoperative sodium level, 24.20% had an abnormal preoperative BUN level, and 11.95% had an abnormal preoperative creatinine level. Abnormal preoperative sodium levels (odds ratios: 1.23–1.50, p Conclusions Abnormal preoperative laboratory testing is significantly associated with adverse outcomes following THA, supporting the added value of laboratory evaluation of patients before elective arthroplasty procedures. Study design Clinical, Level III.
Predicting Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment Performance Using Admissions, Curricular, Demographics, and Preparation Data

Objective. To determine the factors, including a preparation test, that best predict pharmacy students' performance on the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment (PCOA). Methods. Two cohorts of third-year pharmacy students completed a 100-item locally created PCOA pre-test, the PCOA Prep. This PCOA Prep was a cumulative knowledge test that was administered in the fall semester. In the spring semester, the students completed the 200-item PCOA and a separate survey on study habits and confidence. A retrospective review of students' demographics data, pre-pharmacy admission variables, and pharmacy school factors were collected. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to evaluate which factors predicted students' PCOA total scaled score as well as scores in areas 1-4. Results. One hundred seventy-nine students were included in the study. The majority were female (55%), white (54%), and 28 (SD=5.4) years old on average. Students' average score on the PCOA Prep test was 80.7% (SD=7.8). The stepwise multiple linear regression model for the PCOA total scaled score included the PCOA Prep test, cumulative GPA at the end of the didactic curriculum, race/ethnicity, Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) Verbal, PCAT Biology, and a class identifier. Including the PCOA Prep test explained more variance than the model without the test. Conclusion. This study revealed that student performance on a locally created cumulative knowledge test best predicted the PCOA Total Scaled Score. These results offer insights into additional contributing factors that influence students' PCOA performance and how colleges and schools of pharmacy could identify at-risk students who may need knowledge remediation prior to beginning advanced pharmacy practice experiences.
Localization of insulin and type 1 IGF receptors in rat brain by in vitro autoradiography and in situ hybridization.

Insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are structurally related, circulating hormones that regulate growth and intermediary metabolism in virtually all tissues. In many organs their function has been well defined but in the adult CNS no general understanding of their action and importance is available. For many years it has been known that circulating insulin can affect the CNS directly to regulate peripheral metabolism (1). The hypothalamus is considered the most likely site of these actions (2). Our laboratory has been particularly interested in the ability of insulin to reduce food intake and act as a regulator of body weight. This has been demonstrated by peripheral infusions of insulin (3) or by injecting insulin into the third ventricle (4) or into the hypothalamus (5). Electrophysiological studies in hypothalamus (6) and hippocampus (7) support this hypothesis by demonstrating that insulin can affect the firing rate of neurons and therefore can act as a neuromodulator or possibly neurotransmitter. Insulin’s inhibition of norepinephrine uptake in cultured neonatal neurones supports a neuromodulatory role for insulin (8). Recently, Figlewicz has confirmed this finding in hippocampal slices from adult rats (9). A role for IGFs as neuromodulators in the adult brain has also been suggested. IGF-1 can affect the release of acetylcholine from hippocampal slices (10) while IGF-2 but not IGF-1 reduces food intake when injected into the third ventricle and may be a physiological satiety factor (11). In the hypothalamus, IGF-1 may modulate release of somatostatin and thereby regulate growth hormone release from the pituitary (12).
New results for minimising variation of flow time in two-machine proportionate no-wait flow shops

In this paper, the two-machine no-wait proportionate flow shop problem is analysed with the objective of minimising the total absolute deviation of job completion times. The optimality of V-shaped ...
Abstract 2099: Assessing cancer drug response prediction from gene expression

Customizing treatments targeted to a patient specific disease landscape remains an open challenge in precision medicine. Gene expression data, generated through next generation sequencing technologies, has shown significant power for supervised machine learning approaches. Here, we evaluated neural network performance at predicting cancer cell-line specific drug sensitivity. Gene expression data for 17,737 genes across 1014 human cancer cell-lines with IC50 concentrations for 251 anti-cancer drugs were obtained from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Project. Cell-lines were considered sensitive if IC50 concentration was below maximum drug concentration. For neural network input, gene expression values were scaled to a range of -0.5 to 0.5 through log transformation, z-scoring, subtracting the minimum and dividing by the range. A hyperparameter optimized neural network model consisting of two hidden layers of size 1024 and 512 respectively resulted in a test set accuracy ranging from 60.2% to 67.8% across drugs compared to an average baseline performance of 53.4%. Dimension reduction through clustering and Nearest Neighbor Networks did not result in improved performance. We found that classical machine learning classification methods including support vector machines showed comparable performance to our neural network approach. However, neural network cross-training on drugs sharing the same putative targets (e.g. AURKA) led to a 5.03% improvement in neural network prediction accuracy. Overall, our analysis shows that utilizing gene expression profiles independent of other -omics data for cancer drug response prediction through machine learning frameworks offers modest predictive capabilities. To increase performance, we suggest augmenting training size through shared pathway cross-training, optimizing feature encoding to maximize neural network predictive capabilities, and incorporating other -omics data. Citation Format: James Talwar, Hannah Carter. Assessing cancer drug response prediction from gene expression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2099.
Outcomes of sutureless secondary intraocular lens fixation with haptic flanging in a cohort of surgically complex eyes

To describe clinical outcomes of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using sutureless trans-scleral techniques in surgically complex eyes. Retrospective surgical case series of 45 eyes that underwent secondary IOL implantation using a sutureless haptic flange technique. Demographic data of age, sex, primary diagnosis, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, intraocular pressure, full ophthalmic exam findings, surgical approach, and any intraoperative complications were noted. The most common indication for secondary IOL implantation was aphakia, most commonly after ocular trauma. The primary outcome measures were pre-operative and post-operative BCVA, which revealed recovery of pre-operative vision levels by post-operative week 1 and improved vision by post-operative month 1 (p = 0.03). Secondary outcome measures of target refraction pre-operatively and post-operatively revealed significant reduction in post-operative spherical equivalent to achieve BCVA (p < 0.001). Targeting of the secondary IOLs using Barrett Universal II, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, and SRK/T all exhibited a hyperopic shift post-operatively in post-traumatic aphakic eyes and a myopic shift in the post complicated cataract extraction eyes. No intraoperative adverse events were noted. The most common post-operative complication was transient IOP elevation, with most patients completing 6 months of follow-up. There is rapid visual rehabilitation and reduction of spherical equivalent correction to attain BCVA in eyes with a history of ocular trauma that undergo secondary IOL implantation using a trans-scleral flange technique. Moreover, this study highlights that a specific IOL power formula can be more predictive of the desired refractive outcome depending on the indication for secondary IOL implantation.
A Comparison Between Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Fluid Administration in Moderately Dehydrated Calves on a California Calf Ranch

Several California calf ranches have utilized intraperitoneal (IP) administration of electrolyte solutions to dehydrated calves with favorable clinical response in most patients. Calf ranch records were inadequate, however, to evaluate medium and long term effects of IP treatment, and comparison with IV administration was not made. Objectives of this study were to: 1) compare weight gain to 28 days post-treatment, 2) compare rates of survival to 60 days post-treatment, 3) evaluate pathologic changes to peritoneal surfaces and 4) determine primary cause of death in calves treated with fluids administered by IV or IP routes. Fifty-five male, Holstein calves, 1 to 16 days of age were used in this trial. Study calves were randomly assigned to treatment with a commercial electrolyte solution by the intravenous route (IV, N=27) or the intraperitoneal (IP, N=28) route of administration. Calves were weighed on day 28 posttreatment and monitored daily for 60 days after treatment. All study calves that died during this period were submitted for a complete post-mortem evaluation. Weight increase at 28 days post-treatment was .9 kg greater in the IV group, and four more IV treated calves survived to 60 days post-treatment as compared to IP treated calves. Statistical analysis of weight gains and survival rate showed no difference between treatments. Gross and histopathologic changes to the peritoneum at necropsy were similar between IV and IP treated calves. Some differences in the primary cause of death were noted between groups. In conclusion, this study showed no significant differences in weight gain to 28 days post-treatment, in survival to 60 days post-treatment, and in changes to the peritoneum in calves treated with fluids by either intravenous or intraperitoneal routes.
Madisonian Equal Protection

James Madison is considered the "Father of the Constitution," but his progeny disappointed him. It had no effective defense against self-government's "mortal disease"--the oppression of minorities by local majorities. This Article explores Madison's writings in an effort to reclaim the deep conception of equal protection at the core of his constitutional aspirations. At the Convention, Madison passionately advocated a radicalstructural approach to equal protection under which the "extended republic's" broadly focused legislature would have monitored local laws and vetoed those that were parochial and "unjust." Rejecting this proposal to structure equal protection into the "interior" operation of government, the Framers instead adopted "exterior" admonitions against state ex post facto laws, impairment of contracts, and the like. Expanding this strategy, the Fourteenth Amendment admonished states againstall denials of "the equal protection of the laws." Exactly as Madison predicted, however, protection of local minorities cannot be entrusted to "dim and doubtful" words enforced after the fact by courts that are inaccessibleto minorities and too distantfrom the people at large to have the knowledge and confidence to resist powerful local majorities. This is particularly so of late, as the courts have placed vast spheres of activity off limits to theextended republic and denied it the power to enlist state officials in implementing national policy. By rediscovering Madison's neglected thinking on equal protection, and his elaborate design for a constitution that was never enacted, this Article sheds new light on seemingly intractable problems of federalism and equal protection and paves the way for a modern revival of Madisonian Equal Protection.
Larmor radiation from magnetized cluster plasmas

Summary form only given. Femtosecond laser produced plasmas from clustered gases are known to produce Larmor radiation even in the absence of an ambient magnetic field. If however a fixed magnetic field is introduced along with the primary laser pulse, the laser generated electron cloud from the cluster will experience some measure of confinement and enhancement or control of the radiation yield and spectrum may be possible. The detailed accounting of the radiation intensity requires a relativistic treatment of the electron orbits for only in that domain does the Larmor radiation appear. On the other hand the standard formulation for the radiation source is also subject to strong modification in that limit when the spatial scale of the acceleration competes with the "radiation formation length". An ambient magnetic field can be expected to allow some control of these length scales and also contain the cluster ions for the duration of the Larmor radiation pulse. The proposed model will examine the free electron and ion trajectories in the magnetized cluster plasma and assess the expected Larmor radiation source function and spectrum.
Computer Organization and Architecture

The instruction set is a defining influence on the machine organization that interprets it. A well mapped machine is one whose organization directly supports a single instruction set and whose state transition matches those called for by the instruction.
A β-Mannosidic Linkage in the Unit A Oligosaccharide of Bovine Thyroglobulin

Abstract An endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase purified to homogeneity from the cultural filtrate of Streptomyces griseus was found to release an oligosaccharide, most probably the A unit, from bovine thyroglobulin. This oligosaccharide, containing 8 mannose residues and 1 N-acetylglucosamine, with the latter on the reducing end, was digested with jack bean meal α-mannosidase. An α-mannosidase-resistant disaccharide was isolated following the release of about 7 mannose residues. Based on the results obtained from gas chromatography, from Morgan-Elson color assay, and following treatment with hen oviduct β-mannosidase, the disaccharide appears to be O-β-d-Man(1→4)-d-GlcNAc. The structure of this disaccharide is consistent with that reported to be present in the core glycosyl asparagine unit of a number of glycoproteins. These findings are in contrast to those reported by Arima and Spiro ((1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 1836–1848) who indicated that all of the mannose residues in the unit A oligosaccharide of thyroglobulin were α-linked.
Justice Without Politics: Prosecutorial Discretion and the International Criminal Court

No aspect of the International Criminal Court's (ICC) institutional architecture has provoked more controversy - or proven more central to the United States' opposition - than has its provision for a standing prosecutor authorized to pursue investigations and indictments of international crimes on his own authority. Existing debate on prosecutorial authority has tracked familiar lines with the Court's supporters maintaining the Prosecutor must be guided by legal criteria and remain impervious to outside political pressures, and with the Court's detractors arguing that stronger political oversight is necessary to prevent an unaccountable Prosecutor from hijacking the Court to pursue a politicized agenda. Thus focused on problems of legality and accountability, the existing debate has offered a limited, and ultimately unsatisfying, perspective on the problem of prosecutorial discretion. This Article seeks to remedy that deficit in two ways. First, I provide a more considered account of the ICC Prosecutor which explores how the very structure of the Court - with its framework of prosecutorial independence and mandatory deference to complementary national proceedings - will impose fundamental prosecutorial policy dilemmas that complicate legalistic accounts of the ICC's work. Second, although these problems reveal a fundamental instability in the standard conception of the ICC, I explore ways in which the ICC Prosecutor may adopt policies that moderate the tension between prosecutorial independence and the legitimacy challenge posed by the substantive dilemmas of prosecutorial discretion. I argue here for a policy of selective political deference by which the Prosecutor defers to the justice policy judgments of legitimate political actors in times of political transition when actual arrests are more likely and competing justice proposals pose a more troubling challenge to the ICC's authority. In addition to supplying a normatively desirable policy, this approach also provides a framework for understanding the policy decisions thus far adopted by ICC's current Prosecutor.
Reasoning about conceptual interoperability of simulations using meta-level graph relations

Engineering of large and complex simulation systems is becoming more reliant on the reuse of existing simulation models. While existing technical standards facilitate syntactic and technical interoperability among disparate simulation models, there is still lack of formal methods that enable sound reasoning about the conceptual congruity of models that are selected for composition. This paper suggests a graph-theoretic approach to measure the extent of conceptual congruity of models within a new context. The premise of the approach is based on having contextualized models that provide introspective access to their metamodels. A metamodel associated with a reusable model entails a conceptualization of the domain in which it is originally designed to be situated in. The metamodels are used to instantiate a metagraph and graph distance metrics are used to measure the alignment of metamodels in the context of the new application domain. The paper also presents a strategy for packaging and distributing such metamodels with implemented models to facilitate practical application of the proposed method.
Rethinking the Foundations of Statistics

Introduction Part I. Decision Theory for Cooperative Decision-Making: 1. Shared preferences of two Bayesian decision makers 2. Decisions without ordering 3. A representation of partially ordered preferences Part II. The Truth about Consequences: 4. Separating probability elicitation from utilities 5. State-dependent utilities 6. Shared preferences and state-dependent utilities 7. A conflict between finitely additive probability and avoiding Dutch book 8. Statistical implications of finitely additive probability Part III. Non-Cooperative Decision Making, Inference, and Learning with Shared Evidence: 9. Subjective probability and the theory of games 10. Equilibrium, common knowledge, and optimal sequential decisions 11. A fair minimax theorem for 2 person (zero-sum) games involving finitely additive strategies 12. Randomization in a Bayesian perspective 13. Characterizations of externally Bayesian pooling operators 14. An approach to consensus and certainty with increasing evidence 15. Reasoning to a foregone conclusion 16. When several Bayesians agree that there will be no reasoning to a foregone conclusion.
CIDNP from Triplet Pair Recombination

The phase of CIDNP resonances and the spin selectivity which governs the recombination of radical ion pairs is shown to depend upon the relation between the change of free enthalpy (ΔG) associated with the electron transfer from the radical anion to the radical cation and the triplet energies (ET) of the products. If triplet recombination is energetically allowed (ΔG > ET), it is typically more efficient as a consequence of the energy gap law.
Phosphorus metabolism in yeast accompanying an inhibition of cell division by x-rays.

The phosphorus and nitrogen content of continuously irradiated and nonirradiated yeast cultures was measured at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hr as the cultures grew rapidly for most of this time. Division was completely stopped at a 3.9 kr/ hr X-radiation dose, but not at a 2 kr/hr dose, while growth was reduced relatively little. A striking change in irradiated cells was an increase in acid insoluble polyphosphate at 2 hr. Pentosenucleic acid phosphorus and protein nitrogen on a dry weight basis also increased in irradiated cells as compared to nonirradiated cells. Amounts of phos phorus and nitrogen in the trichloracetic acid extract decreased, as did the phosphorus of the lipid extract. Apparently no reduction in deoxypentosenucleic acid formation had occurred at 2 hr, and thus a effect on this material did not appear responsible for the inhibition of cell division. It is conceivable that the polyphosphate increase was related to the inhibition of this cell function. (auth)
The clinical pharmacology of lidocaine as an antiarrhythymic drug.

This article reviews current knowledge about lidocaine, with reference to its chemistry, metabolism, electrophysiology, hemodynamic effects, antiarrhythmic uses, pharmacokinetics, and side effects. The critical importance of blood levels and their relation to lidocaine's antiarrhythmic and toxic effects is noted, with special emphasis given to patients with compromised clearance due to heart failure. On the basis of this information, we present our current approach to the clinical use of lidocaine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, with particular reference to patients with acute myocardial infarction.
The defiant ones: A common form of character pathology in children

The paper focuses on a common kind of childhood psychopathology that is often misdiagnosed as incorrigibly delinquent and psychopathic. Many children with a chronic history of defiance and antisocial behavior are struggling with intense internal conflicts. The etiology and dynamics of these youngsters, as well as the treatment implications and techniques, are discussed.
Accurate control of chromaticity and spectra by feedback phosphor-coating

The chromaticity coordinates and spectra of phosphor-converted LEDs are demonstrated to be well controlled in this study. Through the feedback coating method of stacked yellow, green, and red phosphor layers, the color rendering index (CRI), correlated color temperature (CCT), and spectra are determined to match precisely the desired target. In addition, the reabsorption effect is strongly influenced by the order of stacked phosphor layers and the selected excitation wavelength of phosphors. The degree of reabsorption will modify the original spectra and cause a mismatch between the experimental measurement and the simulation based on the linear superposition of blue light and phosphor-emitted light. This feedback coating method offers an easy approach towards optimized spectra, which can offer the highest luminous efficacy of radiation with excellent color-rendering properties.
A Pipeline Software Architecture for NMR Spectrum Data Translation

The Connecticut Joint NMR University Research (Connjur) Group has developed a pipeline-architecture-based data-translation tool, which formats data to conform to the required input for scientific data-processing tools. The Connjur Spectrum Translator (Connjur-ST) supports data-format translation for experiments that use nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the structure of large protein molecules.
Assessment of strategic market power in power systems

This paper discusses the assessment of strategic market power in power systems. In general, market power is the ability of a particular seller or group of sellers to maintain prices profitably above competitive levels for significant periods of time. In assessing market power for power systems, the transmission network usually plays a crucial role in determining the market size, and hence the market concentration. The presence of congestion in the transmission system can significantly limit market size, and hence increase the potential for market participants to exercise market power. This paper considers the ability of market participants to make strategic use of the transmission network to deliberately induce congestion, and hence to increase the likelihood that the participants can exercise market power. The paper defines the problem, introduces methods for assessing the potential for such strategic behavior, and demonstrates results using a sample system.
Relationship between physical and biological processes at an upwelling front off Peru, 15°S

Abstract Continuous sampling of temperature, fluorescence and nutrients was performed as part of the JOINT II expedition of the Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem Analysis program. A 500 square kilometer region off the coast of Peru at 15°S was surveyed on 8 nights over a 4-week period in May and June 1976. In this region, a surface thermal front is repeatedly observed, temperature increasing as much as 1°C per horizontal kilometer. The surface mixed layer shoals as the front is approached from offshore. A maximum in fluorescence corresponds to maxima in productivity and biomass, and is consistently displaced on the order of a kilometer to the warm water side of the thermal front. The intensity of the displaced fluorescence maximum is positively correlated with the sharpness of the surface temperature gradient at the front. The suggested mechanisms for this feature are a combination of growth facilitated by ammonium as a nitrogen source and of distribution of the phototropic Gymnodinium splendens during night-time sampling throughout the shoaling mixed layer.