cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block for muscle biopsies in children.

SUMMARY Retrospective chart review (1978–1993) of 179 children less than age 18 (10.0 ± 3.8 SD yrs) undergoing muscle biopsy for determination of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia provided data. One hundred and forty-six patients received femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve blocks as their primary anaesthetic. We examined age, weight, duration of surgery, time to discharge from hospital, choice and dosage of local anaesthetics, choice and dosage of sedation, postoperative pain medications, and complications. All children receiving this form of anaesthesia remained outpatients. Between 1978 and 1985 procaine (10 mg·kg-1) with hyaluronidase or 2-chloroprocaine (12 mg·kg-1) provided nerve blockade; after 1985, lignocaine (6.8 mg·kg-1), or a combination of lignocaine or mepivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine, were the preferred agents. More recently the combination of 2-chloroprocaine and bupivacaine has been popular. Three patients required admission to the recovery room postoperatively, due to heavy sedation. Forty-three children (29%) received pain medication during recovery. Femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous block anaesthesia with light to moderate sedation is well tolerated in children undergoing anterior thigh procedures.
The Role of Ordering

To characterize complexity classes, first-order descriptive complexity requires that each structure has an ordering on its universe. Such an ordering, however, is irrelevant to the properties of graphs or databases that we want to compute. It is easy to use pebble games to prove lower bounds on languages without ordering; on ordered structures these arguments do not work. Furthermore, for databases, the ordering is a low-level implementation issue — how entries are stored in memory or disk — which should be invisible to the person writing queries. For all these reasons, the descriptive characterization of the order-independent queries computable in a given complexity class is a fundamental open problem.
Overcoming Undermatching: Factors Associated With Degree Attainment for Academically Undermatched Students:

Academic undermatching—students enrolling in colleges that are less academically selective than those for which they qualify—is a barrier hindering college degree attainment. Given the many reasons...
Function and Quotient Spaces

This chapter describes the function and quotient spaces. It explains the concept of compact – open topology or the topology of compact convergence. The topology of uniform convergence on compact is the same as the compact-open topology for the set of all bounded, continuous functions from the topological space to the metric space. As compact sets have many of the nice properties of finite sets, therefore, the topology induced by the family of all compact subsets is called the compact-open topology or the topology of compact convergence. Every pseudometric space is a completely normal first axiom space.
Comments on “Protecting the Unconceived”: Butchers, Bakers, amp; Candlestick Makers

A deplorable practice of obscure philosophers is to claim their critics misunderstand them. In these comments I confess to being deplorable and obscure by claiming I have been misunderstood. Fortunately, the view Professor Baker attributes to me is, with some qualifications, more defensible than that which I in fact hold. Since it is a special case of the view I accept, if it is wrong so is my view.
THE IS CORE - V DEFINING THE IS CORE

Information Systems and other academic fileds struggle with what is termed an identity crisis. For Information Systems, an ongoing debate focuses on defining the field narrowly versus broadly. Defining the field narrowly, as called for by Benbesat and Zmud’s nomological core [2003] is compelling because it distinctly defines what is IS research and what is not. Those who find the distinctness of IS lacking may find this a pragmatic solution. However, the narrow definition excludes a large portion of the IS community and their research. Alter’s [2003] Systems in Organizations proposal broadly defines the IS discipline in an inclusive way that embraces our historic diversity and makes IS distinct too.
Conormal Waves on Domains with Boundary

It is natural to consider the propagation of more restricted types of regularity for solutions to strictly hyperbolic problems on domains with boundary, just as in the case of the interior problem considered in Chapters III and IV. From Theorems 5.11 and 5.13, if u ∈ H s loc (R×R n +), with s > (n + 2)/2 + m - 2, is a solution to (5.2), microlocal regularity of type H r for u propagates along reflected families of non-grazing null bicharacteristics for r < 2s - (n + 2)/2 - m + 5/2. The same result holds along (possibly grazing) generalized null bicharacteristics in the case of a second order operator. If one is interested in solutions with singularities for which higher order microlocal regularity is propagated (up to H∞), it is again appropriate to study functions conormal with respect to families of characteristic hypersurfaces.
Ischemic Stroke Predictors in Patients Presenting with Dizziness, Imbalance, and Vertigo

Abstract Objects To identify predictors of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with dizziness, imbalance, or vertigo (DIV) based on demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods We identified patients admitted to the hospital after presenting to the ED with DIV from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database of New York from 2010 to 2014. Demographic and clinical characteristics were systematically collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of a discharge diagnosis of AIS. Results Among 77,993 patients with DIV, 3857 (4.9%) had a discharge diagnosis of AIS. Admission presentation of imbalance, African-American race, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, tobacco use, atrial fibrillation, and prior AIS due to extracranial artery atherosclerosis were each positively associated with an AIS diagnosis independently. Factors negatively associated with an AIS discharge diagnosis included: admission presentation of vertigo, female sex, age > 81, history of anemia, coronary artery disease, asthma, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. Conclusions Multiple potential positive and negative predictive AIS risk factors were identified. Combining with currently available centrally-caused dizziness prediction tools, these newly identified factors could provide more accurate AIS risk stratifying method for DIV patients.
Collective uplift: the impact of a holistic development support program on black male former college athletes’ experiences and outcomes

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a holistic development support program at Division I historically White institution (HWI) on Black male former college athletes’ pre- and post...
Modeling the Asian Longhorned Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) Suitable Habitat in North America

Asian longhorned or bush tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann) is a vector species of considerable medical and veterinary importance within its native range in East Asia, and in introduced areas of Australia and Oceania. Recently, this tick species was detected in several regions of the United States. This study aimed at modeling areas suitable for H. longicornis in North America using maximum entropy distribution modeling or Maxent. Occurrence records of H. longicornis within its present range were obtained from published literature. The Maxent model contained a small number of a priori climatic and ecological variables. Annual temperature, precipitation, and ecological zones were found the most important in creating sensitive and specific model (success rate = 91.8%) that had a good fit to the existing data. The model predicted suitable H. longicornis habitat in most of eastern North America from southern Canada to the Gulf Coast, and in a small temperate area on the West Coast. Coastal areas were among the highest ranked suitable habitat. Another highly suitable region was identified in mid-western and southern United States where Heartland virus transmission takes place. This finding is of concern, since H. longicornis ticks vector a closely related virus in East Asia. Delineation of areas suitable for H. longicornis can facilitate detection, prepare public health authorities, and inform the general public about this potentially pestiferous and medically important species.
Aging pet cats develop neuropathology similar to human Alzheimer’s disease

Aging pet cats can spontaneously develop Ab deposition and tauopathy (including neurofibrillary tangle formation) with neuronal loss in a similar distribution and with similar characteristics to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in humans. These three major pathologies that characterize AD rarely occur spontaneously in other nonhuman animals. In addition, cats develop cognitive impairment with increasing age, and some studies show an association with neuronal lesions. These features suggest that the aging pet cat may be a more reliable spontaneously occurring model to investigate pathogenesis of, and therapeutic interventions for, AD compared to other domestic animals such as pet dogs. This review describes the unique translational potential of the domestic cat as a natural model of AD, with reference to other animal models of AD. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, pet cats, feline neuropathology, aging, feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome
Ionized Gas Kinematics and Morphology in Sgr B2 Main on 1000 AU Scales

We have imaged the Sgr B2 Main region with the Very Large Array in the BnA configuration ({theta}{sub beam} = 0.''13) in both the H52{alpha} (45.453 GHz) radio recombination line and 7 mm continuum emission. At a distance of 8500 pc, this spatial resolution corresponds to a physical scale of 0.005 pc ({approx}1100 AU). The current observations detect H52{alpha} emission in 12 individual ultracompact and hypercompact H II regions. Two of the sources with detected H52{alpha} emission have broad ({Delta}V{sub FWHM} {approx} 50 km s{sup -1}) recombination lines, and two of the sources show lines with peaks at more than one velocity. We use line parameters from the H52{alpha} lines and our previous H66{alpha} line observations to determine the relative contribution of thermal, pressure, and kinematic broadening, and electron density. These new observations suggest that pressure broadening can account for the broad lines in some of the sources, but that gas motions (e.g., turbulence, accretion, or outflow) contribute significantly to the broad lines in at least one of the sources (Sgr B2 F3).
Three-Sheet Al Alloy Assembly for Automotive Application

An update on the joint characterization of three-sheet friction stir lap welds (FSLW) in three aluminum alloys (7xxx, 5xxx, and 6xxx) for automotive assembly application is presented. Welding speed of 0.3–2.9 m/min was used with pin length >5 mm with the aim to reduce upturn hooking on the retreating side and avoid wormhole defect on the advancing side. Joints were also made to enable T peel and U peel testing. Stitch welds were used to understand the effects of weld length and ramp length on T peel performance. Hat sections were joined for three-point bending and axial crush testing and tested with promising results. Several key issues that require further investigations are identified including flash management near the trim edge, weld quality with limited clamping, tool failures at speeds greater than 0.5 m/min, and the propensity of incipient melting for 7xxx stack-up.
Structural and Mechanistic Insights into TRIM E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activities

Protein ubiquitination is a post-translational modification process that regulates diverse physiological activities. The Tripartite Motif proteins (TRIM) are a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that catalyze protein ubiquitination through multi-domain coordination. Structurally, how various domains are orientated to fulfill their E3 ligase activities remains largely enigmatic. Here we solved the crystal structure of the CC domains of TRIM29 and revealed a tetrameric structure formed by two dimers orientated in an anti-parallel fashion, which allows the substrates to directly access the ubiquitin-loaded E2. Similar structure was also observed for TRIM45 and TRIM20. We further demonstrated that the full-length TRIM proteins indeed form tetramers under physiological conditions via the CC domain and this tetrameric structure is required for their E3 activities. Thus, our results provide structural insights into the functional attributes of the TRIM family E3 ligases and offer potential therapeutic strategies in manipulating their functions.
Toxicity of recombinant PirA and PirB derived from Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimp.

Abstract Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), caused by emerging strains of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, is of concern in shrimp aquaculture. Secreted proteins PirA and PirB, encoded by a plasmid harbored in V. parahaemolyticus, were determined to be the major virulence factors that induce AHPND. To better understand pathogenesis associated with PirA and PirB, recombinant proteins rPirA and rPirB were produced to evaluate their relative toxicities in shrimp. By challenging shrimp at concentration of 3 μM with reverse gavage method, rPirA and rPirB (approximately 0.4 and 1.5 μg per g of body weight, respectively) caused 27.8 ± 7.8% and 33.3 ± 13.6% mortality, respectively; combination of 3 μM rPirA and rPirB resulted in 88.9 ± 7.9% mortality. Analysis of protein mobility in native gel revealed that rPirB was apparently in the form of monomer while rPirA was oligomerized as an octamer-like macromolecule, suggesting that inter- and intra-molecular interactions between rPirA and rPirB enhanced the toxic effect. An attempt to block or reduce rPirA activity with a putative receptor, N-acetyl-galactosamine, was unsuccessful, implying that remodeling analysis of PirA molecule, such as the octamer observed in this study, is necessary. Results of this study provided new insight into toxic mechanism of PirA and PirB and shall help design strategic antitoxin methods against AHPND in shrimp.
Semantic Compression with Region Calculi in Nested Hierarchical Grids

We propose the combining of region connection calculi with nested hierarchical grids for representing spatial region data in the context of knowledge graphs, thereby avoiding reliance on vector representations. We present a resulting region calculus, and provide qualitative and formal evidence that this representation can be favorable with large data volumes in the context of knowledge graphs; in particular we study means of efficiently choosing which triples to store to minimize space requirements when data is represented this way, and we provide an algorithm for finding the smallest possible set of triples for this purpose including an asymptotic measure of the size of this set for a special case. We prove that a known constraint calculus is adequate for the reconstruction of all triples describing a region from such a pruned representation, but problematic for reasoning with hierarchical grids in general.
Playing in the Sandbox: Leadership Interaction Case Study Analysis

Leadership has been an increasingly growing topic throughout literature and has become timely with the mass departure of the Baby Boomers generation leaders. Researching leadership strategies have researchers searching for the best behaviors associated with effective leadership outcomes. The following study assesses leadership interaction of two case studies of distinguished collegiate coaches to determine if any common themes exist and align with literature contingency theory findings.
The abundance of oxygen in M92 giants

Studies of the carbon and nitrogen abundances in metal poor giants have generally supported the models of Sweigart and Mengel (1979) which indicate the action of meridional circulation in CN-processing metal poor red giant envelopes. Carbon et al. (1982) find the trends in the carbon and nitrogen abundances in M 92 stars to be at least qualitatively consistent with CN-cycle processing of the envelope, but stars at all phases of giant branch evolution have unusual, and unexplained, carbon and nitrogen abundances. The oxygen abundance is the missing piece of information which may explain what's going on. Sweigart and Mengel's models suggest that ONprocessing might also occur in the most metal poor giants. The sample of giants in M 92 for which Carbon et al. have provided carbon and nitrogen abundances is ideal for the determination of oxygen abundances to look for the effects of ONprocessing. Once the oxygen abundances are known, the sum C+N+O can be computed to see if it is constant along the giant branch or varies from star to star.
The Nature of Innovative Activity and the Protection of Intellectual Property in Asia

This paper examines trends in innovative activity in several major Asian countries during the period 1997–2011 as measured by their filings and grants of various types of intellectual property (IP). By almost all measures, there has been a remarkable increase in innovative activity in China. In fact, in 2011, China accounted for roughly 25% of global patent applications. However, several indirect measures suggest that the quality of this newly created Chinese IP is not (yet) world-class. For example, relative to residents of other major Asian countries and the USA, Chinese residents tend to file IP applications in foreign markets at a much lower rate. Similarly, the ratio of royalty payments earned by Chinese residents to the number of patents granted to them is fairly low by international standards. Finally, the ratio of patent to utility model applications (typically granted for relatively minor innovations) in China is also relatively small.
Identification of Bioactive Peptides from Cereal Storage Proteins and Their Potential Role in Prevention of Chronic Diseases

Cereal grains, such as wheat, barley, rice, rye, oat, millet, sorghum, and corn, have been staples in human diets since ancient times. At present, there is a significant body of scientific evidence showing the health benefits of consuming whole grains in chronic disease prevention, particularly in regards to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The objective was to determine bioactive peptides in cereal grains that may prevent cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. Bioactive peptides that may be obtained from cereal grains, particularly wheat, oat, barley, and rice, were identified. Bioactive peptides that play a role in chronic disease prevention have been found primarily in legumes and dairy products; although research connecting cereal grains with potential bioactive peptide activity is limited. In this review, 4 cereal grains, wheat, oat, barley, and rice, were evaluated for bioactive peptide potential using the BIOPEP database. In addition, research information was compiled for each grain regarding evidence about the effect of their proteins in prevention of chronic diseases. All 4 grains showed high occurrence frequencies of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor peptides (A = 0.239 to 0.511), as well as of dipeptidyl peptidase-inhibitor and antithrombotic, antioxidant, hypotensive, and opioid activity. Wheat and rice proteins had anticancer sequences present. Wheat and barley showed the greatest diversity and abundance of potential biological activity among the cereal proteins. Further research needs to be conducted to learn how these biologically active peptide sequences are released from cereal grains. This study supports the notion that cereal grains are a nutritious part of a healthy diet by preventing chronic diseases.
Productivity Impacts from Knowledge Management

This is a longitudinal case study that explored the relationship between use of organizational memory, knowledge, knowledge management, and knowledge worker productivity within the engineering group at a nuclear power plant. Three data points were taken over five years. The group used a Knowledge Management System (KMS) and it was found that the system improved effectiveness/productivity of the organization. The organization had not identified measures for determining productivity improvements so the key results of the case study are models showing the impact of knowledge use on productivity.
A 6.5 GHz CMOS FSK modulator for wireless sensor applications

A 6.5 GHz FSK modulator suitable for low power wireless sensor network is presented. The modulator employs closed loop direct VCO modulation to achieve high data rate, variable loop bandwidth technique for fast start-up rates and /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ for reduced power consumption in the divider with fine resolution in channel selection. The synthesizer, implemented in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS, achieves 20 /spl mu/s start-up time with an effective data rate of 2.5 Mbps while consuming 22 mW.
A total primary care medical information system: duchess

Nowhere is it more amply demonstrated that computers have an important role in health care delivery than at this symposium. However, it seems that to the population of users, that we have a situation akin to the Tower of Babel. There are many isolated projects which demonstrate the utility of the computer in a given aspect of health care delivery. Yet there is no one system which combines a sufficient complement of thesa capabilities to make a strong case for broad scale implementation of computers in primary care. Duchess has made an effort to try to integrate many of the capabilities which have proven their usefulness in isolated pilot projects.
Improving Review of Integration Through a Comprehensive Evaluation Plan

The West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine (WVSOM) has recently switched from a system-based curriculum to an integrated patient presentation curriculum. As part of a total curricular redesign, we became aware and concerned with evaluating integration within the curriculum. In an effort to improve our current evaluation strategies, we created two groups each tasked with looking at different development stages and strategies for evaluating integration in our program. This can serve as a model for other institutions that are looking to improve evaluation of integration in their curriculum.
Isolation and chemical characterization of a capsular polysaccharide antigen shared by clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.

Enterococci are a common cause of serious infections, especially in newborns, severely immunocompromised patients, and patients requiring intensive care. To characterize enterococcal surface antigens that are targets of opsonic antibodies, rabbits were immunized with various gentamicin-killed Enterococcus faecalis strains, and immune sera were tested in an opsonophagocytic assay against a selection of clinical isolates. Serum raised against one strain killed the homologous strain (12030) at a dilution of 1:5,120 and mediated opsonic killing of 33% of all strains tested. In addition, this serum killed two (28%) of seven vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains. Adsorption of sera with the homologous strain eliminated killing activity. The adsorbing antigens were resistant to treatment with proteinase K and to boiling for 1 h, but were susceptible to treatment with sodium periodate, indicating that the antigen inducing opsonic activity is a polysaccharide. Antibodies in immune rabbit sera reacted with a capsule-like structure visualized by electron microscopy both on the homologous E. faecalis strain and on a vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strain. The capsular polysaccharides from E. faecalis 12030 and E. faecium 838970 were purified, and chemical and structural analyses indicated they were identical glycerol teichoic acid-like molecules with a carbohydrate backbone structure of 6-α-d-glucose-1-2 glycerol-3-PO4 with substitution on carbon 2 of the glucose with an α-2-1-d-glucose residue. The purified antigen adsorbed opsonic killing activity from immune rabbit sera and elicited high titers of antibodies (when used to immunize rabbits) that both mediated opsonic killing of bacteria and bound to a capsule-like structure visualized by electron microscopy. These results indicate that approximately one-third of a sample of 15 E. faecalis strains and 7 vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strains possess shared capsular polysaccharides that are targets of opsonophagocytic antibodies and therefore are potential vaccine candidates.
Grand Performances: Building Self and Social Ties through Theatrical Performance

The stories that individuals tell about their experiences on stage and behind-the-scenes at the Grand Opera House of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, contribute to their knowledge of self and social ties.
Rates of major depressive disorder and clinical outcomes following traumatic brain injury

Context Uncertainties exist about the rates, predictors, and outcomes of major depressive disorder (MDD) among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Objective To describe MDD-related rates, predictors, outcomes, and treatment during the first year after TBI. Design Cohort from June 2001 through March 2005 followed up by structured telephone interviews at months 1 through 6, 8, 10, and 12 (data collection ending February 2006). Setting Harborview Medical Center, a level I trauma center in Seattle, Washington. Participants Five hundred fifty-nine consecutively hospitalized adults with complicated mild to severe TBI. Main Outcome Measures The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) depression and anxiety modules were administered at each assessment and the European Quality of Life measure was given at 12 months. Results Two hundred ninety-seven of 559 patients (53.1%) met criteria for MDD at least once in the follow-up period. Point prevalences ranged between 31% at 1 month and 21% at 6 months. In a multivariate model, risk of MDD after TBI was associated with MDD at the time of injury (risk ratio [RR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-1.91), history of MDD prior to injury (but not at the time of injury) (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.31-1.82), age (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44-0.83 for ≥60 years vs 18-29 years), and lifetime alcohol dependence (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14-1.57). Those with MDD were more likely to report comorbid anxiety disorders after TBI than those without MDD (60% vs 7%; RR, 8.77; 95% CI, 5.56-13.83). Only 44% of those with MDD received antidepressants or counseling. After adjusting for predictors of MDD, persons with MDD reported lower quality of life at 1 year compared with the nondepressed group. Conclusions Among a cohort of patients hospitalized for TBI, 53.1% met criteria for MDD during the first year after TBI. Major depressive disorder was associated with history of MDD and was an independent predictor of poorer health-related quality of life.
Existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for precipitation fronts: A novel hyperbolic free boundary problem in several space variables

The determination of the large-scale boundaries between moist and dry regions is an important problem in contemporary meteorology. These phenomena have been addressed recently in a simplified tropical climate model through a novel hyperbolic free boundary formulation yielding three families (drying, slow moistening, and fast moistening) of precipitation fronts. The last two wave types violate Lax's shock inequalities yet are robustly realized. This formal hyperbolic free boundary problem is given here a rigorous mathematical basis by establishing the existence and uniqueness of suitable weak solutions arising in the zero relaxation limit. A new L2-contraction estimate is also established at positive relaxation values. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fatigue Under Wide Band Random Stresses Using the Rain-Flow Method

The University of Arizona has developed a fatigue design procedure for structural components, such as offshore platforms, subjected to a stationary, wide-band-gaussian stress process. Resticted to high-cycle fatigue design, this procedure uses available constant-amplitude material-fatigue data, a modified probability-based Palmgren-Miner rule, and the rain-flow method of counting stess cycles. Statistical uncertainty in fatigue behavior and nonstatistical uncertainty in the PM rule are implicitly accounted for by treating the PM index at failure as a random variable. The fatigue design algorithm requires only that the rms and irregularity factor of the stress process be specified in addition to the constant-amplitude stress/cycle curve for the material.
Fontenelle and the problem of generation in the eighteenth century.

Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle (1657-1757) was considered by French literary critics a witty, elegant writer, an influential philosopher, and an excellent popularizer of science. His reputation is based primarily on works that were published before 1700.1 Among his later works, Eloges des Academiciens has been highly praised. However, the importance of his Histoire de l'Academie Royale des Sciences.2 seems to have been ignored or very little written about, and yet it might be the most important source for us to find out about Fontenelle's scientific ideas. Fontenelle, under the influence of his two uncles, Pierre and Thomas Corneille, tried his hand at writing, but failed as a poet and dramatist. He then turned to science, and his main contribution before 1700 was to popularize the scientific achievements of the seventeenth century. In his famous dialogue, entitled "The Plurality of Worlds," he made the discoveries of physical science clear, intelligible, and amusing to the general public. In many respects this book could stand as a model for modem scientific popularization. However, Fontenelle did not merely popularize the scientific
Biomedical applications of terahertz technology

We review the development of terahertz (THz) technology and describe a typical system used in biomedical applications. By considering where the THz regime lies in the electromagnetic spectrum, we see that THz radiation predominantly excites vibrational modes that are present in water. Thus, water absorption dominates spectroscopy and imaging of soft tissues. However, there are advantages of THz methods that make it attractive for pharmaceutical and clinical applications. In this review, we consider applications ranging from THz spectroscopy of crystalline drugs to THz imaging of skin cancer.
Trends in organic hydroperoxide photodissociation and absorption cross sections between 266 and 377 nm

Abstract Organic hydroperoxides have atmospheric roles in secondary organic aerosol formation and maintaining OH radical concentrations. Monitoring OH from CH3CH2OOH and (CH3)3COOH at 266, 291, 331, 362, and 377 nm yields trends in energy disposal and absorption cross sections. Nascent OH radicals emerge similarly, but with less translational energy from the heavier parent. Cross sections are new for CH3CH2OOH and extend the range for (CH3)3COOH, which has implications for modeling atmospheric OH concentrations. Lower cross sections and higher OH rotation for (CH3)3COOH
The curious case of a sick google glass

The XRDS blog highlights a range of topics from security and privacy to neuroscience. Selected blog posts, edited for print, will be featured in every issue. Please visit xrds.acm.org/blog to read each post in its entirety.
A unitary group formulation of unrestricted Hartree-Fock theory

Abstract A general unitary, particle number conserving transformation on a two-body hamiltonian is employed to obtain an effective hamiltonian of a many-fermion system, which yields compact expressions for the ground state energy functional and the stability condition for the unrestricted Hartree-Fock ground state.
Correspondence between traditional models of functional analysis and a functional analysis of manding behavior

Functional analysis procedures have been effectively used to determine the maintaining variables for challenging behavior and subsequently develop effective interventions. However, fear of evoking dangerous topographies of maladaptive behavior and concerns for reinforcing infrequent maladaptive behavior present challenges for people working in applied settings. The present investigation sought to evaluate the utility of an adjunctive functional analysis model that involved the reinforcement of mands rather than problem behavior and compared the results to traditional functional analyses. The results from the manding analysis yielded results similar to the traditional FA in 3 of 4 cases. These findings suggest that manding analyses may represent a useful assessment tool for difficult to assess problem behavior or for individuals in settings where consultative support is limited.
Reflections on Public Policy and Medicine

The author comments on the importance of the World Medical & Health Policy journal in light of current medical policy needs. It is suggested that we need to share knowledge and different health management innovation more quickly and effectively, and that health communications is key.
Response to Commentaries on “A Critical Analysis of the Concept and Discourse of ‘Unborn Child’”

The ethical concept of the fetus as a patient is an essential component of perinatal practice and clinical research, just as the ethical concept of the sick individual as a patient is essential to ...
Parasites in the city: degree of urbanization predicts poxvirus and coccidian infections in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus).

Background Urbanization can strongly impact the physiology, behavior, and fitness of animals. Conditions in cities may also promote the transmission and success of animal parasites and pathogens. However, to date, no studies have examined variation in the prevalence or severity of several distinct pathogens/parasites along a gradient of urbanization in animals or if these infections increase physiological stress in urban populations. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we measured the prevalence and severity of infection with intestinal coccidians (Isospora sp.) and the canarypox virus (Avipoxvirus) along an urban-to-rural gradient in wild male house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus). In addition, we quantified an important stress indicator in animals (oxidative stress) and several axes of urbanization, including human population density and land-use patterns within a 1 km radius of each trapping site. Prevalence of poxvirus infection and severity of coccidial infection were significantly associated with the degree of urbanization, with an increase of infection in more urban areas. The degrees of infection by the two parasites were not correlated along the urban-rural gradient. Finally, levels of oxidative damage in plasma were not associated with infection or with urbanization metrics. Conclusion/Significance These results indicate that the physical presence of humans in cities and the associated altered urban landscape characteristics are associated with increased infections with both a virus and a gastrointestinal parasite in this common songbird resident of North American cities. Though we failed to find elevations in urban- or parasite/pathogen-mediated oxidative stress, humans may facilitate infections in these birds via bird feeders (i.e. horizontal disease transmission due to unsanitary surfaces and/or elevations in host population densities) and/or via elevations in other forms of physiological stress (e.g. corticosterone, nutritional).
Enhancing the role public health nurses play in serving children with special health needs : An interactive videoconference on public law 99-457 part H

Public Law 99-457 Part H supports the development of systems to identify infants and toddlers with special health needs and provide these children the comprehensive care they need. Although public health nurses traditionally provide many of the mandated services. Part H, with its roots in education, presents new terminology, conceptual models, and challenges to public health nurses. An interactive videoconference entitled "Public Health Nurses and Part H: Putting the Pieces Together" was broadcast to 525 public health nurses in 11 states. The program goals were to increase knowledge of Part H among public health nurses and to enhance their role in its implementation. An evaluation was conducted to assess knowledge change and satisfaction with the program format. Results revealed a high degree of satisfaction with distance learning and no difference across sites in knowledge acquisition or participant satisfaction. A need identified through this project is increased interdisciplinary communication among those who serve infants and toddlers with special needs. In an era when financial resources are dwindling, interactive videoconferencing is an innovative and cost-effective method for decreasing the isolation of many public health nurses by offering opportunities for education and networking from their local communities.
Deconstructing Marilyn: robust effects of face contexts on stimulus-response compatibility.

Hommel and Lippa (1995) found a left—right spatial compatibility effect with respect to a background context of Marilyn Monroe’s face, rotated 90° clockwise or counterclockwise from upright, when subjects responded to up or down stimuli by pressing a left or a right key. They interpreted their results as providing evidence for object-based coding of stimulus location. We conducted four experiments in order to evaluate the reliability of this face context effect, to control for possible artifacts and evaluate alternative explanations, and to establish generalizability to other face contexts. This was accomplished by using not only the original photograph, but also a mirror-reversed image, chimeric faces composed from the left or the right sides of the original photograph, an outline drawing face, and a circle with markings for facial features. Our results were much stronger than those of Hommel and Lippa, and the face context effect was found for all of the face variations. Our experiments also provided evidence to suggest that asymmetric coding of the up and down locations contributes to performance in the face context as well.
Triant model ware applied to Tegal 90X etchers as an integrated process control module

This paper presents the implementation of Triant Model Ware on Tegal 90X series etchers to reduce wafer scarp on technologies associated with this tool set. Triant Model Ware becomes an integrated process control module of the Tegal etcher by means of a tool side computer interfaced to the Tegal system. Interface hardware provides the necessary communications interconnect for monitoring various sensor outputs associated with wafer processing values. Data acquisition hardware is implemented to provide real-time sensor information to support alarming conditions during signal monitoring. Models, associated with Triant Model Ware, monitor pertinent sensor conditions during wafer processing to identify possible process deviations attributable to scrap. Triant Model Ware examines process signatures on the Tegal etch system capturing potential equipment and process deviations reducing scrap on material on this tool set.
Parenting while Being Homeless.

This article explores the dynamics of parenting while being in a homeless context. The mosaic of stressors involved in this homeless parenting process are explicated and discussed. In addition, resources and strategies that may support parenting are presented and discussed.
Clozentropy: A new technique for analyzing audience response to film

Clozentropy testng and analysis techniques were adapted to non‐verbal material. An easily constructed, highly general test analyzes the ability of various viewers to predict what will happen next in various films. Validation showed significant differences in both entropy patterns and correct responses for (1) sophisticated and naive viewers, (2) simple and complex films, and (3) general and specific levels of prediction. The results suggest that this is a useful technique for the empirical analysis of visual communication.
Observations of meiotic chromosomes in Gaura (Onagraceae)

Observations of meiotic chromosomes are reported for all 21 species and 3 additional sub species ofGaura (Onagraceae), based upon a study of 647 individuals from 509 naturally occurring populations throughout the range of the genus. The basic chromosome number for the genus isx = 7, and 18 species are diploid withn = 7. Among these, the self-incompatible ones are often highly chromosomally heterozygous, with no homozygous individuals having been found in nature in the perenrennialsGaura lindheimeri andG. villosa, and two-thirds or more of the individuals apparently heterozygous in the following well-sampled species:G. calcicola, G. longiflora, andG. suffulta subsp.suffulta. In contrast, the autogamous species are entirely chromosomally homozygous or nearly so. Two species ofGaura are reported as chromosomal structural heterozygotes, with about 50% pollen abortion:G. biennis andG. triangulata; the translocation systems originated independently of one another. Two of the three polyploid species,G. sinuata andG. drummondii (G. odorata of many authors), are consistently tetraploid (n = 14) and, despite their cytological autotetraploidy, are thought to have originated following interspecific hybridization. They are the only rhizomatous species in the genus and may have had one ancestor in common. The remaining polyploid,G. coccinea, includes populations withn = 7, 14, 21, and 28, as well as evident interploid hybrids and, frequently, supernumerary chromosomes. The relationship among these populations is close and is maintained by frequent hybridization and exchange of genetic material. No other species seems to have participated in their origin, and the association of their chromosomes is consistently that characteristic of autopolyploidy in plants with tetraploid and higher chromosome numbers.
Improved Reconstruction Algorithm for Luminescence Optical Tomography when Background Lumiphore is Present.

We examine the impact of background lumiphore on image quality in luminescence optical tomography. A modification of a previously described algorithm [ J. Chang H. L. Graber R. L. Barbour , J. Opt. Soc. Am. A14, 288–299 (1997); J. Chang H. L. Graber R. L. Barbour , IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.44, 810–822 (1997)] that estimates the background luminescence directly from the detector readings is developed. Numerical simulations were performed to calculate the diffusion-regime limiting form of forward-problem solutions for a specific test medium. We performed image reconstructions with and without white noise added to the detector readings, using both the original and the improved versions of the algorithm. The results indicate that the original version produces unsatisfactory reconstructions when background lumiphore is present, whereas the improved algorithm yields qualitatively better images, especially for small target-to-background luminescence yield ratios.
Interleukin-6 induces increased motility, cell-cell and cell-substrate dyshesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation in breast cancer cells

Interleukin-6 induces increased motility, cell–cell and cell–substrate dyshesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation in breast cancer cells
Monte Carlo evaluation of periodic error uncertainty

This paper presents a single analytical expression for the displacement recorded using a polarization-coded, heterodyne interferometer in terms of the various uncertainty contributors, including periodic error and other phase nonlinearities, Abbe error, cosine error, deadpath error, environmental error, interferometer thermal effects, and wavelength stability. The displacement equation is based on the periodic error expression reported by Cosijns et al. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to determine the first and second order periodic error uncertainty. The Monte Carlo simulation is then extended to include the other uncertainty contributors included in the analytical displacement equation.
Effects of thermal applications on the abdominal temperature of dogs.

The results of thermal applications to the abdomens of restrained, unanesthetized rats are reported. A silicone envelope through which water at 0. 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50°C circulated was applied while skin surface, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and colonic temperatures were measured. Pad applications at 0°C significantly lowered tissue temperature at all four locations measured. Pad applications at 10 and 20°C significantly lowered skin surface, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal temperatures. Pad applications at 30°C significantly lowered skin surface and subcutaneous temperatures. Pad applications at 40 and 50°C significantly increased skin surface and subcutaneous temperatures, and applications at 50°C also increased intraperitoneal temperature. lntraperitoneal and colonic temperatures were insignificantly affected by pad applications of 30 and 40°C, and colonic temperatures were not significantly altered by any thermal application other than that at 0°C. The findings indicate that application of mild heat or cold (30–40°C) to the abdominal skin of the rat does not alter deep abdominal temperatures, indicating no deep vasomotor response to these thermal applications. The question can be raised whether these results suggest that a similar response may occur in humans.
Optical waveguide arrays: quantum effects and PT symmetry breaking

Over the last two decades, advances in fabrication have led to significant progress in creating patterned heterostructures that support either carriers, such as electrons or holes, with specific band structure or electromagnetic waves with a given mode structure and dispersion. In this article, we review the properties of light in coupled optical waveguides that support specific energy spectra, with or without the effects of disorder, that are well-described by a Hermitian tight-binding model. We show that with a judicious choice of the initial wave packet, this system displays the characteristics of a quantum particle, including transverse photonic transport and localization, and that of a classical particle. We extend the analysis to non-Hermitian, parity and time-reversal ( PT $ \mathcal{PT}$ ) symmetric Hamiltonians which physically represent waveguide arrays with spatially separated, balanced absorption or amplification. We show that coupled waveguides are an ideal candidate to simulate PT $ \mathcal{PT}$ -symmetric Hamiltonians and the transition from a purely real energy spectrum to a spectrum with complex conjugate eigenvalues that occurs in them.
O-GlcNAc: A Bittersweet Switch in Liver

The liver is a vital organ responsible for maintaining nutrient homeostasis. After a meal, insulin stimulates glycogen and lipid synthesis in the liver; in the fasted state, glucagon induces gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis, which produce glucose and ketone bodies for other tissues to use as energy sources. These metabolic changes involve spatiotemporally co-ordinated signaling cascades. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification has been recognized as a nutrient sensor and regulatory molecular switch. This review highlights mechanistic insights into spatiotemporal regulation of liver metabolism by O-GlcNAc modification and discusses its pathophysiological implications in insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and fibrosis.