cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm with Extensive Peritoneal Spread Diagnosed during Pregnancy: Two Case Reports and Literature Review.

Background Clinical decisions in patients with peritoneal dissemination of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) diagnosed during pregnancy are challenging. However, their slow progression and favorable prognosis allow deferring definitive treatment until after spontaneous delivery, a reasonable period of breastfeeding, and fertility preservation. Case Presentation. Two pregnant patients were incidentally diagnosed with LAMN and extensive peritoneal spread at 20 weeks gestation and at cesarean section. Treatment with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in both cases was delayed until spontaneous delivery at term and breastfeeding in the first patient and breastfeeding and fertility preservation in the second patient. Both patients remain disease-free for over 5 years, and their children are healthy. The literature review highlights the challenges that physicians face in treating pregnant patients with stage IV appendiceal tumors. Conclusion Pregnancy management decisions in patients with peritoneal spread from mucinous appendiceal tumor should be based on understanding the tumor biology and prognosis. Definitive treatment in pregnant patients with favorable tumors, such as LAMN, may be delayed until spontaneous delivery without compromising maternal survival.
Wood Anatomy, Chemistry and Physical Properties

This chapter introduces the reader to basic elements of wood anatomy, chemistry and physical properties, aiming to assist with the understanding of the morphological and physicochemical alterations occurring in wood due to biodeterioration.
Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine with and without emergency use authorization.

Background This study assessed psychosocial predictors of U.S. adults’ willingness to get a future COVID-19 vaccine and whether these predictors differ under an emergency use authorization (EUA) release of the vaccine. Methods A survey of 788 U.S. adults was conducted to explore the relationships between demographics and psychosocial predictors of intent to get a future COVID-19 vaccine as well as willingness to get such a vaccine under EUA. Results Significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake intentions were education, having insurance, scoring high on subjective norms, a positive attitude toward the vaccine, as well as high perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, high perceived benefits of the vaccine, scoring low on barriers to the vaccine, and scoring high on self-efficacy. Predictors of willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine under EUA were age, race/ethnicity, positive subjective norms, high perceived behavioral control, positive attitudes toward the vaccine, as well as high perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, high perceived benefits of the vaccine, low barriers to the vaccine, and scoring high on self-efficacy for getting the vaccine. Concerns about rushed vaccine development appear to reduce vaccine uptake intent, as well as willingness to get the vaccine under EUA. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine-related messages should both address concerns about the vaccine and its development and reinforce benefits of the vaccine (both factors significant in both models). Vaccine efforts may need to go beyond just communications campaigns correcting misinformation about a COVID-19 vaccine to also focus on re-establishing public trust in government agencies.
Note: A new approach to the modeling of spatially dependent and heterogeneous geographical regions

Abstract We propose a new spatial modeling approach to calibrate the potential impact of spatial dependency and heterogeneity on the underlying drivers of customer service and/or satisfaction measurement. The newly proposed procedure derives regionally varying coefficients, provides more flexible fitting, improves calibration fit and predictive validation, and can potentially result in augmented managerial implications compared to existing procedures by utilizing a hierarchical Bayes framework with geographical boundary effects. Using synthetic datasets, we illustrate how the proposed model outperforms four relevant benchmark models including ordinary linear regression, a Spatially Dependent Segmentation model (Govind, Rabikar, and Mittal 2018), classic Geographically Weighted Regression, and Bayesian Geographically Weighted Regression. The improved performance is most prominent when there exist significant differences between geographic boundaries and/or irregular patterns of observation locations. In our automobile customer satisfaction application study, the proposed approach also demonstrates favorable performance compared to these benchmark models. We find a dramatically heterogeneous pattern regarding two covariates in the Mountain U.S. geographic division: dealership service is more important in urban areas (e.g., Phoenix, Salt Lake City and Denver) than in rural areas, but vice-versa concerning vehicle quality.
Relative Entropy of Random States and Black Holes.

We study the relative entropy of highly excited quantum states. First, we sample states from the Wishart ensemble and develop a large-$N$ diagrammatic technique for the relative entropy. The solution is exactly expressed in terms of elementary functions. We compare the analytic results to small-$N$ numerics, finding precise agreement. Furthermore, the random matrix theory results accurately match the behavior of chaotic many-body eigenstates, a manifestation of eigenstate thermalization. We apply this formalism to the $\mathrm{AdS}/\mathrm{CFT}$ correspondence where the relative entropy measures the distinguishability between different black hole microstates. We find that black hole microstates are distinguishable even when the observer has arbitrarily small access to the quantum state, though the distinguishability is nonperturbatively small in Newton's constant. Finally, we interpret these results in the context of the subsystem eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (SETH), concluding that holographic systems obey SETH up to subsystems half the size of the total system.
Microwave Frequency Demodulation Using two Coupled Optical Resonators with Modulated Refractive Index

Traditional electronic frequency demodulation of a microwave frequency voltage is challenging because it requires complicated phase-locked loops, narrowband filters with fixed passbands, or large footprint local oscillators and mixers. Herein, a different frequency demodulation concept is proposed based on refractive index modulation of two coupled microcavities excited by an optical wave. A frequency-modulated microwave frequency voltage is applied to two photonic crystal microcavities in a spatially odd configuration. The spatially odd perturbation causes coupling between the even and odd supermodes of the coupled-cavity system. It is shown theoretically and verified by finite-difference time-domain simulations how careful choice of the modulation amplitude and frequency can switch the optical output from on to off. As the modulating frequency is detuned from its off value, the optical output switches from off to on. Ultimately, the optical output amplitude is proportional to the frequency deviation of the applied voltage making this device a frequency-modulated-voltage to amplitude-modulated-optical-wave converter. The optical output can be immediately detected and converted to a voltage that would result in a frequency-demodulated voltage signal. Or the optical output can be fed into a larger radio-over-fiber optical network. In this case the device presents a compact, low power, and tunable route for multiplexing frequency-modulated voltages with amplitude-modulated optical communication systems. The resulting system requires modest modulation amplitudes and operates at frequencies relevant for modern communication systems. The cavity designs have realistic quality factors that are well within the range of experimental implementation. The role of modulation sidebands in reducing switching contrast is explored, and two methods for mitigating these effects are demonstrated.
Racial Disparities in Health Care Resource Utilization After Pediatric Cervical and/or Thoracic Spinal Injuries.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of race on hospital length of stay (LOS) and hospital complications among pediatric patients with cervical/thoracic injury. Methods A retrospective cohort was performed using the 2017 admission year from 753 facilities utilizing the National Trauma Data Bank. All pediatric patients with cervical/thoracic spine injuries were identified using the ICD-10-CM diagnosis coding system. These patients were segregated by their race, non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), non-Hispanic Asian (NHA), and Hispanic (H). Demographic, hospital variable, hospital complications, and LOS data were collected. A linear and logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the risk ratio for hospital LOS as well as complication rate, respectively. Results A total of 4,125 pediatric patients were identified. NHB cohort had a greater prevalence of cervical-only injuries (NHW: 37.39% vs. NHB: 49.93% vs. NHA: 34.29% vs. H: 38.71%, P Conclusions Race may significantly impact health care resource utilization following pediatric cervical/thoracic spinal trauma.
Effects of Milkfat on the Gut Microbiome of Patients After Bariatric Surgery, a Pilot Study.

Background The efficacy of bariatric surgery may be in part attributed to altered metabolism via new gut microbiome. Milkfat may promote the growth of microbes that are beneficial in long-term weight loss. Understanding the specific gut microbiome changes after surgery and their relationship to milkfat consumption may yield important strategies for managing obesity after bariatric procedures. Methods In this pilot study, stool samples were collected from nine patients before and at the time of surgery, and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery. At each time-point, dairy consumption was determined from dietary surveys. 16 s rRNA gene sequencing was performed followed by alpha diversity analysis. Comparisons of relative abundances of microbial taxa and analyses of fatty acids changes were performed. Results Bariatric surgery led to enrichment of (i) Roseburia, associated with weight loss and (ii) Christensenellaceae, inversely related to body mass index. High milk-fat consumption correlated with enrichment of Blautia, inversely associated with visceral fat accumulation. Faecalibacterium, possibly associated with obesity, increased in patients with low milk-fat consumption. Butter was associated with decreased alpha diversity in all subjects (p-value = 0.038) and the frequency of its use was associated with decreased alpha diversity in patients (correlation = - 0.68, p-value = 0.042). Low-milk-fat consumers showed higher concentration of saturated fatty acids. Conclusions Our results suggest that incorporating dairy products in post-bariatric-surgery dietary plans may help cultivate a gut microbiome that is effective in regulating fat storage as well as digesting beneficial metabolites. These observations will be helpful for the management of obesity in general population as well.
Impact of rural road investments in a global economic crisis: Evidence from a temporary policy abandonment experiment in China

This paper studies the rural development impacts of a road subsidy -- part of China's massive 2009-10 Economic Stimulus Plan (ESP) -- that led to the sudden and unexpected abandonment of the local cost share requirement typically imposed on villages by upper-levels of government. Relying on a staggered difference-in-differences design, the main findings show that temporarily suspending the cost share requirement for a new road upgrade project leads to higher short-term income gains in treated villages. As a potential explanation, I find empirical support for the idea that suspending the cost share burden helps to alleviate fiscal constraints: matching funds originally intended to meet cost share requirements are instead reallocated into allied road projects previously starved of resources that promote rural business creation and labor migration. The findings imply that a temporary suspension of cost share rules in response to a global economic crisis helps to promote short-term economic growth and recovery in poor rural areas.
Walking to the beat of their own drum: how children and adults meet timing constraints.

Walking requires adapting to meet task constraints. Between 5- and 7-years old, children’s walking approximates adult walking without constraints. To examine how children and adults adapt to meet timing constraints, 57 5- to 7-year olds and 20 adults walked to slow and fast audio metronome paces. Both children and adults modified their walking. However, at the slow pace, children had more trouble matching the metronome compared to adults. The youngest children’s walking patterns deviated most from the slow metronome pace, and practice improved their performance. Five-year olds were the only group that did not display carryover effects to the metronome paces. Findings are discussed in relation to what contributes to the development of adaptation in children.
RAID Unbound: Storage Fault Tolerance in a Distributed Environment

Mirroring, data replication, backup, and more recently, redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) are all technologies used to protect and ensure access to critical company data. A new set of problems has arisen as data becomes more and more geographically distributed. Each of the technologies listed above provides important benefits; but each has failed to adapt fully to the realities of distributed computing. The key to data high availability and protection is to take the technologies' strengths and 'virtualize' them across a distributed network. RAID and mirroring offer high data availability, which data replication and backup provide strong data protection. If we take these concepts at a very granular level (defining user, record, block, file, or directory types) and them liberate them from the physical subsystems with which they have traditionally been associated, we have the opportunity to create a highly scalable network wide storage fault tolerance. The network becomes the virtual storage space in which the traditional concepts of data high availability and protection are implemented without their corresponding physical constraints.
Functionalism, superduperfunctionalism, and physicalism: lessons from supervenience

Philosophers almost universally believe that concepts of supervenience fail to satisfy the standards for physicalism because they offer mere property correlations that are left unexplained. They are thus compatible with non-physicalist accounts of those relations. Moreover, many philosophers not only prefer some kind of functional-role theory as a physically acceptable account of mind-body and other inter-level relations, but they use it as a form of “superdupervenience” to explain supervenience in a physically acceptable way. But I reject a central part of this common narrative. I argue that functional-role theories fail by the same standards for physicalism because they merely state without explaining how a physical property plays or occupies a functional role. They are thus compatible with non-physicalist accounts of that role-occupying relation. I also argue that one cannot redeploy functional-role theory at a deeper level to explain role occupation, specifically by iterating the role-occupant scheme. Instead, one must use part-whole structural and mechanistic explanations that differ from functional-role theory in important ways. These explanations represent a form of “superduperfunctionalism” that stand to functional-role theory as concepts of superdupervenience stand to concepts of supervenience.
Frederick Kempe: Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Most Dangerous Place on Earth

Frederick Kempe was with the Wall Street Journal for over a quarter century as reporter, columnist, and editor. In the “Acknowledgements” at the end of the book being reviewed here, 1 he notes that...
Rapid lignification in response to wounding and infection as a mechanism for induced systemic protection in cucumber

Abstract Localized infection of cucumber plants with Colletotrichum lagenarium induced systemic protection against disease caused by a challenge infection with the fungus. Vacuum infiltration of [14C]t-cinnamate and 14C phenylalanine into leaf discs initially revealed a greater rate and extent of incorporation of 14C into lignin in protected as compared to unprotected leaves after challenge with C. lagenarium. [14C]p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and 14C vanillin, typical lignin oxidation products, were recovered from cell walls by reverse phase C-18 HPLC after alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation. Incorporation of [14C]t-cinnamate and [14C] phenylalanine also was c. 50% greater in unchallenged protected leaf discs as compared to unprotected discs. Autoradiograms and extraction of the inner and outer regions of leaf discs revealed that the label was predominantly confined to the wounded edge. Further studies, which involved making small puncture wounds through drops of an aqueous solution of [14C]t-cinnamate placed on the leaf surface, confirmed the greater rate and extent of incorporation (50–100%) in wounded protected tissues. Additional supportive evidence was obtained by pulse-feeding 14Ct-cinnamate through the roots to the leaves of small plants. Yields of thioglycolignate indicated no change in lignin content between unchallenged protected and unprotected leaves. The results suggest that systemically protected leaves have a greater ability to lignify in response to wounding and infection.
Characterization of a naturally occurring, cross-linked fraction of DNA. II. Origin of the cross-linkage.

Abstract When normal purified DNA samples from calf thymus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli or Hemophilus influenzae are denatured, either by heat or by strong alkali, a few per cent of the DNA molecules regain their native structure on return to a non-denaturing environment. In the case of B. subtilis, the native-like character of this “reversibly denaturable” fraction has been demonstrated by measurements of its specific activity in transformation, its buoyant density in a CsCl density gradient, and the sharp hyperchromic change characteristic of its optical melting profile. A detailed examination shows that this generally occurring, reversibly denaturable DNA fraction behaves identically to nitrous acid-induced cross-linked DNA under a wide variety of test conditions. The only exception is that measurements of sedimentation coefficients for melted cross-linked DNA suggest that the “naturally occurring” cross-link differs in being located at an end of a double-helical DNA molecule. It is concluded that these molecules contain a discrete covalent type of cross-strand linkage, one approximately for every 4.6 × 108 daltons of B. subtilis DNA. As a byproduct of these studies, the pH of maximum chemical stability of transforming DNA at 100 °C has been determined as approximately pH 11, with pH 13 nearly equivalent to pH 7 as judged by maintenance of the biological activity of cross-linked molecules. In addition, what appears to be a remarkable sensitivity to shear of DNA single strands in alkali is described, and a denaturation method designed to avoid the resulting degradation of cross-linked DNA is presented.
Lipopolysaccharide suppresses carboxylesterase 2g activity and 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis: A possible mechanism to regulate inflammation

Inflammation is an important part of the innate immune response and is involved in the healing of many disease processes; however, chronic inflammation is a harmful component of many diseases. The regulatory mechanisms of inflammation are incompletely understood. One possible regulatory mechanism is the endocannabinoid system. Endocannabinoids such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) are generally anti-inflammatory via engagement of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) on innate cells; therefore, preventing the degradation of endocannabinoids by specific serine hydrolases such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and carboxylesterases (CES) might decrease inflammation. We hypothesized that the activities of these catabolic enzymes would decrease with a subsequent increase in 2-AG and AEA in a model of inflammation. Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 or 24h, and inflammation was confirmed by an increase in interleukin-6 (il6) and il17 gene expression. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) of serine hydrolases showed no significant difference in various serine hydrolase activities in brain or liver, whereas a modest decrease in Ces activity in spleen after LPS administration was noted. 2-AG hydrolase activity in the spleen was also decreased at 6h post LPS, which was corroborated by LPS treatment of splenocytes ex vivo. ABPP-MudPIT proteomic analysis suggested that the decreased 2-AG hydrolysis in spleen was due to a reduction in Ces2g activity. These studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system could be activated via suppression of a 2-AG catabolic enzyme in response to inflammatory stimuli as one mechanism to limit inflammation.
Man versus math: Behaviorist exploration of post-crisis non-banking asset management

Rationalists may argue that the best way to manage an investment portfolio is to use risk-balancing strategies such as asset class diversification. Positivists would likely insist on probabilistic concepts – perhaps a mean-variance statistical technique. A third less-studied approach in the financial literature is to apply a behaviorist philosophy such as heuristics or rating the quality of the management team. An interesting variation is to study the behavior of effective asset managers, particularly their methodologies, and then imitate those best-practices. This is a fundamental principle underlying case studies, ethnography, grounded theory and other interpretative research philosophies, so it was useful to apply it to study the investment discipline. Furthermore, extant financial studies predated, or tested data before, the global financial crisis, which may invalidate older models. Therefore, the researcher interviewed 39 non-banking asset managers from high-performing NYSE-listed companies to explore their perception that current portfolio management techniques would be effective in volatile financial markets. A statistically significant asymmetric plot was produced, which revealed gender and market outlook were key factors.
Interpretive issues with the Roberts Apperception Test for Children: Limitations of the standardization group

This study investigated the validity of the Roberts Apperception Test for Children (RATC) with an elementary school sample by examining the appropriateness of the standardization norms with other nonclinical samples. A sample of 86 children, ages 8–11 years, completed the RATC. Analyses revealed that the current sample of nonclinical children differed significantly from the standardization sample on six of the eight Adaptive Scales and three of the five Clinical Scales. Findings suggest that the children in this study form a separate and distinct group from the well-adjusted children upon which the RATC scales were normed and supports previous research that suggests the standardization of the RATC is inadequate. The current findings strongly suggest that the norms for the RATC not be used for clinical diagnosis until restandardization is completed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Contemporary MFT Models’ Alignment with Relational Common Factors

Common factors theorists believe that therapy is effective, not only because of model specific elements, but also, because of common factors that cut across various treatment models. Common factors include extra-therapeutic factors such as treatment setting, therapeutic alliance, therapist variables and client variables. Common factors researchers have proposed a set of relational common factors that are unique to the practice of marriage and family therapy, including the ability to conceptualize difficulties relationally and the ability to disrupt dysfunctional relationship patterns. In this paper, I analyze and compare relational common factors in three contemporary models: narrative therapy, solution-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Finally, I discuss significant implications for theorizing, training and supervision.
Bibliographical research on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Abstract Over the last decade, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has emerged as one of the most important research topics in the field of decision analysis. This paper provides a comprehensive bibliographical survey of studies on AHP using the DIALOG online information retrieval service. One hundred and forty-one references of methodological and applied papers on AHP are categorized. This paper also discusses a survey of 21 dissertation studies on AHP for the period 1979–1988.
A theory for electron transfer across the electrode/electrolyte interface involving more than one redox ion

A theory for electron transfer between a metal electrode and several redox species in a polar electrolyte is developed within the context of the Anderson–Newns Hamiltonian. Analytical expressions for the adiabatic ground state solvent free energy surfaces are derived, and it is shown how these expressions can be evaluated self-consistently. The shape of the adiabatic potential surfaces, and thus the thermodynamic and equilibrium rate characteristics of the electron transfer process, are shown to strongly depend on several key parameters. The effect of an external electric field on the free energy surface is also analyzed.
The gastrointestinal symptoms of advanced cancer

The commonest gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in advanced cancer are reviewed with reference to definition, pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, severity, and management. Observation or reporting of such symptoms must lead to consideration of the multi-faceted pathophysiology. Careful assessment and an analytical detailed approach are the keystones of effective management.
HYPERALDOSTERONISM DUE TO BILATERAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA INDEPENDENT OF RENIN OR ACTH REGULATION

A 11 y/o black boy with significant hypertension (160/100) demonstrated hyperaldosteronism and low renins unaffected by ACTH, dexamethasone or alterations in dietary sodium. With sodium restriction, dexamethasone and Aldactone administration, blood pressure decreased but ACTH did not increase blood pressure. The plasma volume was increased in baseline state. Plasma aldo was very elevated and unchanged throughout while plasma DOC which was normal, increased with ACTH and decreased with dexamethasone. There was no change in DOC with changes in dietary sodium. The high plasma aldo and the normal DOC concentrations demonstrate that abnormal steroidogenesis in this child is restricted to the usually renin-controlled adrenal glomerulosa while the ACTH regulated fasciculata is normal. Arteriography suggested bilateral nodular adrenal hyperplasia. Bilateral renal vein renins were very low. Bilateral adrenal vein aldosterone concentrations were very high. The hypertension appears to be dependent on vascular volume and responds to measures which cause natriuresis. This is a well-documented case of primary hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in which the excessive aldosterone secretion appears to be independent of regulation by renin or ACTH. Further, the continued elevation of blood pressure despite decreased aldosterone with metyrapone administration suggests a hormone other than aldosterone is causing hypertension.
Letter: Normal Forces in Stationary Spacetimes

For geodesic motion of a particle in a stationary spacetime the U0 component of particle 4-velocity is constant and is considered to be a conserved mechanical energy. We show that this concept of a conserved mechanical energy can be extended to particles that move under the influence of a “normal force,” a force that, in the stationary frame, is orthogonal to the motion of the particle. We illustrate the potential usefulness of the concept with a simple example.
Treatment of head lice

Pediculosis capitis, or head lice, is a common infestation among children worldwide. Multiple therapies exist for the treatment of this condition, including topical pediculicides and oral medications. When used in combination with environmental decontamination, these drugs can be very effective in eradicating head lice infestation without significant adverse events. The present study discusses the use of available over-the-counter and prescription treatments, including pyrethroids and permethrin, lindane, malathion, ivermectin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in the treatment of head lice.
A theoretical framework for surrogate supervision multiview learning

We consider the problem of classification under the multi-view learning setting referred to as surrogate supervision multi-view learning (SSML). In this setting, training data is provided for two parts of the feature vector (views) in the following format (i) labeled first view examples and (ii) unlabeled first and second view examples. The goal in this setting is to obtain a classifier for the unlabeled view. For example, consider the task of training a classifier for a new sensor using a set of labeled measurements taken with a legacy sensor and a set of unlabeled measurements taken with both sensors. This paper provides theoretical performance bounds on the classification accuracy for classifiers trained in the SSML setting. The bounds rely on a characteristic we introduce termed classifier correlation distance, which characterizes the ability to approximate a classifier on one view by a classifier on the other. We show that when a classifier on one view can be well approximated with a classifier on the other view and vice versa, the classification accuracy of a classifier in the SSML setting approaches that of a classifier trained with labeled examples on the desired view.
Object/image relations in full and weak perspective and 3D reconstruction

In this paper we focus on the recovery of 3D shape (in a well defined sense) from matched features in 2D views. Our approach to shape reconstruction is invariant to pose and not dependent on knowing any of the camera parameters or the camera's location. The methods are also independent of any choice of coordinates used to represent the 2D or 3D features. We begin by examining two fundamental problems. The first problem involves determining global equations for the geometric constraints (object/image equations) that must hold between a set of object feature points and any image of those points, and using these equations to effectively reconstruct the 3D shape. The second involves describing the shape spaces for point features.
Genetic and biochemical studies on glutamate-pyruvate transaminase from Drosophila melanogaster.

We have used electrophoretic variants of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT, E.C. 2.6.1.2) in Drosophila melanogaster to genetically map the structural gene to position 42.6 on the X chromosome. By pseudodominance tests over several deficiencies we have localized it cytogenetically to the interval 11Fl-2 to 12Al-2. The sedimentation constant (s20,w) of the native enzyme was determined in sucrose density gradients to be 5.9 and the native molecular weight approximately 87,000. The similarity in physical properties to mammalian enzymes suggests that the enzyme may also be dimeric in D. melanogaster.
Electron-electron scattering and the thermal resistivity of simple metals

A simple approximation for the scattering rate is shown to yield values for the electron-electron contribution to the thermal resistivity that are in good agreement with experiment in simple metals. These metals have been modelled by a uniform electron gas with a modified mass and electron-electron interaction to account approximately for crystalline effects. The scattering function was approximated by using an exact expression for the forward-scattering limit in terms of the model-system Landau parameters with scattering events of finite momentum transfer accounted for by the s-p approximation given by Dy and Pethick. Estimates of the contribution from electron-electron scattering to the electrical resistivity based on the same scattering function have also been calculated for the alkali metals.
MOLECULAR SPIN DEVICES: CURRENT UNDERSTANDING AND NEW TERRITORIES

Molecular spin devices (MSDs) are the most promising candidate for futuristic quantum computation, having potential to resolve spin scattering issue which compromise the utility of conventional spin devices. The MSDs have been extensively reviewed from the view points of device physics and the application of target molecules, such as single molecular magnets. Fabrication of a competent MSD still remains an intractable task. In this review, we first describe the experimental studies where spin state of molecule and/or electrode affected the device transport, especially under magnetic field. Then, we correlated the number of theoretical and experimental results from various domains of nanomagnetism to highlight the scope and future directions panoramically. Finally, the key designs of various MSDs, including our recently developed multilayer edge molecular electrode, have been discussed. A multilayer edge molecular electrode, prepared by bridging the molecular clusters on the exposed edges of a customized ferromagnet–insulator–ferromagnet junction, can be a promising platform for testing the variety of molecular magnets.
Unusual duplication of appendix and cecum: Extension of the Cave-Wallbridge classification

Duplicated appendix has, to date, been classified into 3 types. The authors present a type of duplicated appendix not previously described. Surgical exploration was done in a 14-year-old girl who had an acute abdomen. Surgical exploration showed a duplicated appendix that arose from the normal appendix and ended in a thick-walled, inflamed, perforated muscular pouch. Duplicated appendix is a treatable condition that rarely occurs with colonic duplication and which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower abdominal pain.
Correction function for the lidar equation and some techniques for incoherent CO(2) lidar data reduction.

The convolution effect in CO2 lidar return signals caused by the long laser pulse is analyzed by modifying the original lidar equation and introducing a correction function Cr(R). The characteristics of Cr(R) are discussed in detail, leading to a deconvolution technique consisting of a two-step iteration procedure for the extraction of both the backscattering coefficient and the gas species content in differential absorption lidar measurement.
Evidence for parallel electric field particle acceleration in the dayside auroral oval

Electron and ion energy spectra and electron pitch angle distributions are presented for two sounding rocket flights in the dayside auroral zone. At times, effects of dc electric fields parallel to the magnetic field are evident in that: (1) within precipitation features, protons are decelerated by an amount of energy consistent with that which electrons gain and (2) electrons are sometimes aligned to within 3 deg (full width at half maximum) of the magnetic field. A maximum altitude for the accelerating region of several thousand kilometers is deduced from the narrow width of the pitch angle distribution and also from time-of-flight delays between the observation of accelerated electrons and decelerated protons.
Generational Status, Health Insurance, and Public Benefit Participation Among Low-Income Latino Children

The objectives of this study were to (1) measure health insurance coverage and continuity across generational subgroups of Latino children, and (2) determine if participation in public benefit programs is associated with increased health insurance coverage and continuity. We analyzed data on 25,388 children income-eligible for public insurance from the 2003 to 2004 National Survey of Children’s Health and stratified Latinos by generational status. First- and second-generation Latino children were more likely to be uninsured (58 and 19%, respectively) than third-generation children (9.5%). Second-generation Latino children were similarly likely to be currently insured by public insurance as third-generation children (61 and 62%, respectively), but less likely to have private insurance (19 and 29%, respectively). Second-generation Latino children were slightly more likely than third-generation children to have discontinuous insurance during the year (19 and 15%, respectively). Compared with children in families where English was the primary home language, children in families where English was not the primary home language had higher odds of being uninsured versus having continuous insurance coverage (OR: 2.19; 95% CI [1.33–3.62]). Among second-generation Latino children, participation in the Food Stamp (OR 0.26; 95% CI [0.14–0.48]) or Women, Infants, and Children (OR 0.40; 95% CI [0.25–0.66]) programs was associated with reduced odds of being uninsured. Insurance disparities are concentrated among first- and second-generation Latino children. For second-generation Latino children, connection to other public benefit programs may promote enrollment in public insurance.
Effects of dietary calcium, vitamin D3, and corn supplementation on growth performance and mineral metabolism in young goats fed whole milk diets.

Abstract Twenty-four male goats, approximately 2 to 4 wk of age, were allotted to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design and were fed a basal milk diet at 12.5% body weight for 20 wk. Vitamin D 3 was added to the milk in two different amounts with and without supplemental CaCO 3 . At the end of wk 7, corn was added to all diets at 1% body weight. Over 20 wk, average daily gain was unaltered by addition of Ca or vitamin D 3 to the diet. When corn was added to the diet, gains increased from 48 to 180 g/d. Plasma Ca concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. Supplemental Ca decreased plasma Mg concentrations. Corn supplementation curtailed a depression in plasma Mg and seemed to prevent a whole milk-induced hypomagnesemia. Fecal excretion of all minerals measured was increased in goats fed supplemental Ca. Dietary Ca increased urinary Ca but decreased urinary Mg. Percentage of apparent absorption of Ca, Mg, and total ash was lower in Ca-supplemented goats, as was apparent retention of Ca and Mg. The physiological responses reported suggest the goat as a potential research model for mineral metabolism studies in other ruminants.
WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph instrument overview

The WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph will directly image exoplanets and disks around nearby stars, and obtain spectra. The coronagraph has photometric bands covering about 400-1000 nm, and an integral field spectrometer with a resolution of about 70. The range of sensitivity in angular separation from a star is about 0.1 to 0.6 arc-seconds. The limiting contrast is about 10-9, and a goal of 10-10. The engineering development program is focused on low-order wavefront sensing and control, coronagraph masks, coronagraph performance, speckle detection and suppression, post-processing algorithms, an integral field spectrometer, and low-noise detectors. Progress and plans in these areas will be reviewed.
DIMENSIONALITY OF THE MARITAL COMMUNICATION INVENTORY AND MARITAL CONVENTIONALIZATION: A THIRD REPORT

The Marital Communication Inventory was administered to a random sample of 238 female respondents in a midwestern community. Through common factor analysis, three factors were identified. A further correlational analysis indicates that the inventory is heavily contaminated by a marital conventionalization response set. Continued use of the inventory's total score as a unidimensional measure of marital communication cannot be recommended, although scales formed from the factors offer promise for research.
Does activism matter? The case of environmental policy in the US states

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of activism in determining the identity of the “green” median voter and the influence of the green voter on environmental regulatory stringency in the US states. Design/methodology/approach – Regulatory stringency is measured using output weighted abatement spending and an industry concentration adjusted index of state environmental compliance costs for the period 1989-1994. Activism measures include environmental initiatives, median support for pollution standards and voter ideology. Fixed-effects panel methodology is used in empirical estimation. Findings – The authors find that activism increases stringency in regulating overall as well as media-specific pollution. The results particularly highlight the nuances of different approaches to activism and their varied impact across pollution media. Research limitations/implications – A drawback of the empirical estimation is the lack of continuous historical abatement spending data. A longer panel w...
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a 5-6-5 Imidazole-Phenyl-Thiazole Based α-Helix Mimetic

The development of small molecules that disrupt protein-protein interactions is a key goal in addressing a number of disease states. The alpha-helix is commonly found at protein interaction interfaces and has been the focus of substantial small molecule mimetic efforts. One of the primary drawbacks of many small molecule alpha-helix mimetics is their hydrophobic core structures. To address this problem we have developed a novel scaffold based on a more water soluble 5-6-5 imidazole-phenyl-thiazole core. An inhibitor of this class has been shown to disrupt the Cdc42/Dbs protein-protein interaction at micromolar concentrations and may be useful in overcoming Cdc42-induced tumor resistance to anticancer therapies.
Microcomputer-Aided Design and Drafting of Moment-Resisting Connections in Steel Buildings

A microcomputer-aided system has been developed for interactive design and drafting of connections in steel buildings made of standard. rolled-I sections, called STEELCON. The basis of design is AISC specification. In addition to interactive design, STEELCON can displaylplot any isometric view of the connection plus three orthographic views, i.e., front, side, and top face views. The orthographic views show all the necessary details for fabrication and construction of the connections. Interactive design and drafting of two different moment resisting connections are presented. They are the shop welded and field bolted framed flange plate connection and the shop and field welded flange plate connection.
States of classical statistical mechanical systems of infinitely many particles. II. Characterization of correlation measures

This paper is devoted to the solution of the problem of characterizing correlation measures arising naturally in classical statistical mechanics of point particles. A correlation measure ρ must be related to a (not necessarily unique) probability measure μ over an infinite particle configuration space X by the formula μ(H)=∝NH(ξ)dμ where {NH} is a certain family of integer valued random variables. We prove that there are three conditions, namely (S) symmetry, (P) positivity, and (N) normalization, which together are sufficient as well as necessary for ρ to be a correlation measure. The main operative condition is (P), which says that ξφ(x)dρ≧0 must hold for every function φ for which Sφ(ξ)≧0 identically for ξ e X, where φ → Sφ is a certain linear operator whose properties we study. Condition (P) gives rise to a large class of inequalities satisfied by the ρ-measures of certain sets. The theory is also generalized to the case when there is a group of translations acting in the one-particle space, the concern then being with measures ρ as well as μ that are invariant with respect to the group.
Towards development of robotic aid for rehabilitation of locomotion-impaired subjects

Scientists at the Department of Physiological Science at the University of California Los Angeles and roboticists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory initiated a joint effort to develop a robotic mechanism capable of performing controlled motions equivalent to the arm and hand motions of therapists assisting the stepping of locomotion impaired subjects on a treadmill, while the subjects' body weight is partially supported by an overhead harness. A first necessary technical step towards this development is to measure and understand the kinematics and dynamics of the therapists' arm and hand motions as they are reflected on the subjects' leg movement. This paper describes an initial measurement system developed for this purpose together with the related measurement results, and outlines the planned future technical work.
Women's body image self‐consciousness during physical intimacy with a partner

In Western cultures, women's bodies are objectified more so than men's, and other writers have noted the multiple ways that such objectification may negatively impact women's lives. As women's sexual desirability is often equated with physical attractiveness and thinness, it is surprising that previous investigations have not included women's body image self‐consciousness during physical intimacy with a partner. In the current set of studies, a 15‐item measure of the construct was developed and shown to have excellent psychometric properties. Approximately one third of college student women indicated experiencing body image self‐consciousness during physical intimacy with a heterosexual partner at least some of the time. Even after statistically controlling for actual body size, measures of general body image, general sexual anxiety, and general well‐being, scores on the new measure were predictive of heterosexual experience, sexual esteem, sexual assertive‐ness, and avoidance of sexual activity. Results ...
Computed tomographic angiography as the primary diagnostic modality in penetrating lower extremity vascular injuries: a level I trauma experience.

Background Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has been established as a valid modality for the assessment of extremity vascular injury. Over the last several years at our institution, CTA has evolved as the primary diagnostic modality for penetrating extremity injuries, largely replacing diagnostic angiography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes with this imaging modality at a high-volume Level I trauma center. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all patients presenting with penetrating lower extremity trauma between 2008 and 2009. Patient factors collected included demographics, mechanism of injury, injury severity, presence of hard signs of vascular injury, radiologic studies, operative intervention, and outcomes. Results There were 132 patients with penetrating lower extremity trauma. The average age of the patients was 25 years, with an average injury severity score of 10. The injuries were primarily gunshot wounds (89%). In all, 59 patients (45%) underwent CTA. CTA of the extremity was performed as a continuation of a computed tomography of the chest/abdomen/pelvis in 28 (47%) versus a targeted CTA of the extremity in 31 (53%) patients. In all, 34 (58%) CTAs were negative for vascular injury, 19 (32%) were positive, and six (10%) were indeterminate. Of the 34 patients with a normal CTA, none went to the operating room for repair of a major vascular injury; similarly, of the 19 patients with an abnormal CTA, there were no negative operative explorations. A total of 28 (21%) patients required operative intervention for the injured extremity; procedures performed included fasciotomy, venous and arterial ligation, primary repair, and interposition grafting. There were no amputations and no mortalities. Conclusions Our results support the use of CTA as the primary imaging modality in evaluating penetrating lower extremity injury. Because of its proven accuracy in detecting major vascular injury, cost-effectiveness, and ease and rapidity of administration and interpretation, CTA should supplant conventional angiography in initial evaluation of the patient presenting with penetrating trauma.