cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient Designs for Powering Microscale Devices with Nanoscale Biomolecular Motors

Current MEMS and microfluidic designs require external power sources and actuators, which principally limit such technology. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a number of microfluidic systems into which we can seamlessly integrate a biomolecular motor, kinesin, that transports microtubules by extracting chemical energy from its aqueous working environment. Here we establish that our microfabricated structures, the self-assembly of the bio-derived transducer, and guided, unidirectional transport of microtubules are ideally suited to create engineered arrays for efficiently powering nano- and microscale devices.
Adaptive and quality tetrahedral mesh generation

Tetrahedral meshes are being extensively used in finite element methods (FEM). This short paper presents an algorithm to generate adaptive and quality tetrahedral meshes from a triangulated surface mesh model. A top-down octree subdivision is conducted on the surface mesh to construct standard Body Center Cubic (BCC) tetrahedra. A modified marching tetrahedra algorithm is then used to extract the boundary faces of the tetrahedra near the surface mesh, followed by an optimal decomposition of the generated polyhedra into tetrahedra. The quality of the tetrahedral meshes obtained is measured by dihedral angles, which are greater than 6° in all the models we have tested. A user-friendly GUI has been concurrently developed, allowing users to manipulate and visualize the tetrahedral meshes.
Epistemic Model to Monitor the Position of Mobile Sensing Nodes on Construction Sites with Rough Location Data

Construction organizations are rapidly engaging in the utilization of infrastructureless identification and localization technologies with the purpose of increasing the visibility of their site res...
Use of an Adaptation of a Commercially Available PCR Assay Aimed at Diagnosis of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea To Detect Trichomonas vaginalis in Urogenital Specimens

Trichomonas vaginalis PCR using reagents from a commercially available assay for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was evaluated for detection of infection in women and men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Evaluations included three primer sets, endocervical swabs, vaginal swabs and urine, and various storage conditions. The TVK3/TVK7 primer set was optimal in our hands with sensitivities ranging from 69.5 to 96.8%. In all comparisons, T. vaginalis PCR performed better than routine diagnostics using microscopy for women and culture for men (P > 0.05). The assay performed well for all sample types tested, and vaginal swabs were stable for up to 7 days at ambient temperature. Using samples prepared for, and reagents from, the C. trachomatis-N. gonorrhoeae PCR assay allowed incorporation of T. vaginalis PCR diagnosis into routine clinical testing.
Response Computation using Truncated Taylor Series

A numerical integration technique is presented that allows the user to integrate large systems of second-order differential equations with a truncated Taylor series. It is shown that by the addition of a fictitious damping term, the numerical instabilities that result when integrating the equation-of-motion directly are eliminated and the resulting integration is the dynamic response of the mechanical system. The stability criterion is derived and the accuracy of the method judged.
Enhancing Friedman's “Fundamental Theorem of Biomedical Informatics”

In a recent issue of JAMIA 1 Charles P Friedman proposed a “Fundamental Theorem of Biomedical Informatics” to aid others in understanding the mission of the profession. The theorem states:“A person working in partnership with an information source is ‘better’ than the same person unassisted.” The theorem was accompanied by three corollaries, briefly: The discussion of the theorem was accompanied by a figure showing that a person's brain plus a computer are together greater than the person's brain alone (figure 1). Figure 1 In this author's view, the figure's focus on the computer provides too narrow a view of bioinformatics and informatics. Missed is the opportunity to emphasize the crucial role of the scientific method in enhancing the learning process. The computer …
US Airways v. Barnett and the Limits of Disability Accommodation

This essay, to be published in Civil Rights Stories (Myriam Gilles & Risa Goluboff, eds., forthcoming 2007), tells the story of US Airways v. Barnett. Barnett, which involved an employee's request that his employer modify its seniority system as a disability accommodation, the Supreme Court confronted for the first time the Americans with Disabilities Act's requirement of reasonable accommodation in employment. Barnett ultimately offers a window into three of the most important issues to understand about the ADA's accommodation requirement: the requirement's relationship to more traditional antidiscrimination mandates; its seemingly zero-sum nature; and the limits of its usefulness in a world of reduced job security for everyone.
Concomitant Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and C3 Glomerulonephritis Causing Renal Failure

A 75-year-old male with no prior history of vasculitis or renal deficiency presented with a history of 36 hours of anterior epistaxis, one month of worsening shortness of breath, severe anemia requiring transfusion, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy with INR 4.9, and renal failure requiring hemodialysis. A peripheral blood smear revealed no evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. We performed an autoimmune workup, which revealed high levels of serum serine protease 3 antibody (C-ANCA), elevated rheumatoid factor, low serum C3, and normal levels of serum C4. We performed a renal biopsy and then performed light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy on the resulting samples. This revealed that approximately half of the sampled glomeruli were globally sclerotic, consistent with severe renal disease. Among the non-sclerotic glomeruli, several demonstrated diffuse granular mesangial staining for C3, while other glomeruli had small crescents, consistent with a mixed picture of C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) and crescentic glomerulonephritis. The patient responded well to treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone, with a resolution of his acute issues, significant improvement in kidney function, and was eventually weaned from routine hemodialysis. In summary, this is a unique case of a patient presenting with features of both granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and C3GN.
Cost Recovery or Contribution? Resolving the Controversy Over CERCLA Claims Brought by Potentially Responsible Parties

This Article provides a comprehensive framework, based upon principles of statutory construction, the language of CERCLA, congressional intent, and an historical understanding of joint and severall liability and contribution, to resolve continued confusion over whether claims brought by potentially responsible parties (PRPs) must proceed under CERCLA § 107(a) [cost recovery] or § 113(f) [contribution]. The article foreshadowed subsequent opinions of the United States Supreme Court in U.S. v. Atlantic Research Corp., 551 U.S. 128 (2007) and Cooper Industries v. Aviall Services, Inc., 543 U.S. 157 (2004), and it also provides a framework to resolve issues that remain in controversy after those two decisions.
Landmark status

Travelers and dwellers often use landmarks to navigate within an environment. In the planometric mapping of landmark prominence, emergent patterns and networks articulate not only existing situations, but also future connections.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Ascorbic Acid Content of a Diet and the Effect on Development of the Tobacco Budworm

Growth of Heliothis virescens (F.) when fed on sterile wheat germ diets was the same when ascorbic acid was added to diets before the diet was autoclaved or after the diet was autoclaved and cooled. Adults developed from both diets, but growth was poor in diet lacking ascorbic acid and no adults were obtained, thus proving that this insect has a dietary need for the vitamin. Analysis of the diets for ascorbic acid by the 2,6-dichloroindophenol method showed that no loss occurred in either heating method.
The Value of Artificial Insemination in Poultry Breeding Work

Abstract THE recent development of a practical technic of artificial insemination in the chicken by Burrows and Quinn (1939) constitutes a significant contribution to the field of poultry breeding. Due to the excellent description given by these workers the explanation of the methods will not be repeated here. In view of the ease with which this operation may now be carried out it is somewhat surprising that the technic should have remained unknown until so recently. METHODS Burrows and Quinn (1939) have recommended the use of a glass funnel for the collection of the semen and a small hypodermic syringe for insemination of the female. This type of equipment is satisfactory where the handling individually of semen samples from a considerable number of males is not required. Where one is collecting semen from several males on the same day there are problems of semen contamination and convenience of handling several samples . . .
An Autonomous Energy Harvesting Power Management Unit With Digital Regulation for IoT Applications

Efforts towards energy-harvesting solutions are targeted for wireless sensor node applications and focus on performing maximum power extraction and storing power, yet efforts to deliver a regulated supply to voltage-sensitive blocks in power-limited applications has yet to be fully achieved. This paper presents a low-power, autonomous power management unit (PMU) able to perform maximum power point tracking for dc-type renewable sources. It includes a startup circuit fed directly from the renewable source. The PMU delivers a regulated output voltage through a digital LDO. The main step-up operation is performed through a dynamically controlled, power-aware, capacitive dc–dc converter that performs the required voltage gain procedure. Then, the digital LDO receives the EH source power density information from the dc–dc converter and provides regulation. Information about the source-power density availability is passed on to the digital LDO in order to select the best pass device size from a bank of three arrays. The PMU allows power consumption decrease by reducing the gate driving losses associated with large pass transistor devices, and it enhances efficiency. The system was fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process, and maximum end-to-end efficiency was measured at 57% with 1.75 mW of input power.
Epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in urban area of Gaoyou City from 2011-2013

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in in urban area of Gaoyou City from 2011-2013,and provide evidence for HFMD control. [Methods]The case data collected from Disease Reporting Information System of Gaoyou City were analyzed for epidemiological characteristics by descriptive epidemiology.[Results]A total of 700 cases of HFMD were reported in Gaoyou City from 2011-2013,with no death case and average annual incidence rate of 185.94/100 000. Most cases were reported in May(33.43%) and June(24.00%),the main risk group was scattered and kindergarten children,which occupied 90.29%(632 cases). The ratio of male to female cases was 1.27 ∶1. The predominant strain of HFMD was EV71. [Conclusion]The HFMD has obvious age,gender and season characteristics. It is necessary to enhance prevention and control on scattered and kindergarten children under 5 years.
The Relationship Between the Cambrian—Ordovician High-TOC Source Rock Development and Paleoenvironment Variations in the Tariam Basin,Western China:Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Evidence

Sediemnatry elemental and isotopic records of seawater and its isotopic composition are the most promising recorders of the history of this planet on geological time scale. The Tarim basin of northwestern China contains thick marine Cambrian-Ordovician sediments. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope values of these sediments from the basin show that dramatic changes occurred in Early Paleozoic. Drastic positive shift of carbon and oxygen isotopes at the boundary of Precambrian and Cambrian suggests a remarkable cooling and drop of sea level occurred right before the transition. Then the beginning of Cambrian or Paleozoic is marked by a rapid negative shift of both carbon and oxygen isotope values, suggesting a rapid warming of climate and large scale rise of sea level. Drastic input of meteric water is perhaps the major cause of the decrease of isotope values in these sediments. Optima climatic conditions of Early Cambrian provided a premier condition for the biological exploration of Early Cambrian. Enhanced bioproduction in Cambrian is shown also by the significantly higher TOC data. Severe fluctuation of climate and sea level change as well as high TOC values marked the Early and Middle Cambrian. Later Cambrian and early Ordovician is probably a rather stable period of time regarding the climate and sea level in the region. By the end of early Ordovician and the transition of Early to Middle Ordovician, isotope signals are characterized by severe negative shift. TOC raised to the new high in the Middle Ordovician (from 0.5% to～5%), suggesting elevated bioproduction (and preservation). These lines of evidence all suggest an enhanced climate condition. Large volume of melted water from the nearby ice sheet brought in not only fresh water, but also nutrient thus providing an optimum environment for another bio-explosion and optimum condition of oil source formation.
Sampling Error: Impact on the Quantitative Analysis of Nanoparticle-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Immunoassays

This paper examines the impact of the sampling error caused by the small size of the focused laser spot when using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a quantitative readout tool to analyze a sandwich immunoassay. The assay consists of a thin-film gold substrate that is modified with a layer of capture monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs) that consist of gold nanoparticle cores (60 nm diameter) coated with a monolayer of a Raman reporter molecule and a layer of human IgG mAbs to tag the captured antigen. The contribution of sampling error to the measurement is delineated first by constructing and analyzing an antigenic random accumulation model; this is followed by an experimental study of the analysis of an assay substrate using two different laser spot sizes. Both sets of findings indicate that the analysis with a small laser spot can lead to a sampling error (i.e., undersampling) much like that found when the size of a measured soil sample fails to accurately match tha...
Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation: influence of HLA A and B incompatibility on outcome.

We have studied the outcome of 211 consecutive unrelated donor (URD) bone marrow transplants (BMT) performed at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis, MN) between May 1985 and December 1992. Ninety patients (43%) received marrow matched serologically at HLA A, B, and DR loci; 86 (41%) received marrow with a major and 32 (15%) marrow with a minor serologic mismatch at the HLA A or B locus. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age had an adverse effect on survival. In younger (age less than 18 years) recipients, survival after fully matched (A, B, and DR sub-type) or major mismatched (A or B locus), DR subtype- matched donor BMT was not significantly different (P = .4; survival: 53% v 41%, respectively, at 3 years). For adults, survival after matched donor BMT was significantly better than that with mismatched donors (P < .01; survival: 30% v 10%, respectively, at 3 years). Formal quality of life assessment by telephone interview demonstrated similar functional status in survivors of URD and related donor (RD) BMT at least 2 years post-BMT. URD BMT provides effective therapy for a variety of lethal hematopoietic diseases that rivals outcome of RD transplant in some cases. Use of URD marrow with a major mismatch at one HLA A or B locus is well tolerated in young, but not in older, recipients. These observations should be used to improve donor selection and counseling for URD BMT candidates.
Successful in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in cynomolgus monkeys

We have started an in vitro fertilization program in cynomolgus monkeys in an effort to develop an appropriate animal model to improve our knowledge of early embryonic development. In 16 of 25 animals treated with menopausal gonadotropins, preovulatory follicles developed. Follicular aspiration was performed at laparotomy after human chorionic gonadotropin injection. A total of 299 follicles were aspirated, and 251 oocytes were recovered. Oocytes were cultured in 1 ml of growth medium or 100 microliter droplets of medium under mineral oil. Semen samples were obtained by electroejaculation, and the oocytes were inseminated 4 to 24 hours after aspiration. Culture under mineral oil significantly increased the fertilization and cleavage rates. Of 68 embryos produced, 24 have been used in 10 embryo transfers, resulting in two pregnancies.
Silage or limit-fed grain growing diets for steers: II. Empty body and carcass composition.

The influence of energy source (silage- or grain-based) on empty body and carcass composition and adipocyte cellularity independent of rate of gain was tested. Sixty-four Angus steers were allotted to either a forage (ad libitum) or grain (limit-fed) diet for a growing phase (145 d) followed by 45, 75, or 105 d of ad libitum access to a grain-based diet. Eight steers were slaughtered initially and eight from each treatment were slaughtered at the end of the growing phase, and at each of the termination dates. The silage growing diet consisted (DM basis) of 55% sorghum silage (approximately 24% dry matter), 22% alfalfa hay, 11% ground shelled corn, and 11% soybean meal. The grain-based growing diet was composed of 77% ground shelled corn, 5% soybean meal, 14% cottonseed hulls, 3% molasses, and 1% salt and mineral ; it was limit-fed to produce the same rate of gain as the silage diet. No implants or ionophores were used. At the end of the growing phase, the steers fed grain were heavier and had a higher percentage of fat in the empty body (24 vs 19% fat) and the carcass (26 vs 21% fat) than did steers fed forage. Rate of gain during the growth phase was related positively to percentage of carcass fat ; when corrected for fill, data for both diets fit one regression line for fat vs rate of gain. When adjusted for gain during the growing phase, fat content was not different in empty body or carcass, but internal fat was higher (P <.10) for steers fed grain. After 45 d on the finishing diet, carcass fat remained low (23%), but after 75 and 105 d, fat content reached 27%. Source of energy did not detectably affect carcass composition independent of rate of gain. Cell size of adipocytes from four adipose depots increased with time on feed but were not affected by diet during the growing phase. Lean Choice beef can be produced in only 45 d in the feedlot with medium-framed Angus cattle.
Metabolic Regulation as a Consequence of Anaerobic 5-Methylthioadenosine Recycling in Rhodospirillum rubrum

ABSTRACT Rhodospirillum rubrum possesses a novel oxygen-independent, aerobic methionine salvage pathway (MSP) for recycling methionine from 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA), the MTA-isoprenoid shunt. This organism can also metabolize MTA as a sulfur source under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that the MTA-isoprenoid shunt may also function anaerobically as well. In this study, deep proteomics profiling, directed metabolite analysis, and reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed metabolic changes in response to anaerobic growth on MTA versus sulfate as sole sulfur source. The abundance of protein levels associated with methionine transport, cell motility, and chemotaxis increased in the presence of MTA over that in the presence of sulfate. Purine salvage from MTA resulted primarily in hypoxanthine accumulation and a decrease in protein levels involved in GMP-to-AMP conversion to balance purine pools. Acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) metabolic protein levels for lipid metabolism were lower in abundance, whereas poly-β-hydroxybutyrate synthesis and storage were increased nearly 10-fold. The known R. rubrum aerobic MSP was also shown to be upregulated, to function anaerobically, and to recycle MTA. This suggested that other organisms with gene homologues for the MTA-isoprenoid shunt may also possess a functioning anaerobic MSP. In support of our previous findings that ribulose-1,5-carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is required for an apparently purely anaerobic MSP, RubisCO transcript and protein levels both increased in abundance by over 10-fold in cells grown anaerobically on MTA over those in cells grown on sulfate, resulting in increased intracellular RubisCO activity. These results reveal for the first time global metabolic responses as a consequence of anaerobic MTA metabolism compared to using sulfate as the sulfur source. IMPORTANCE In nearly all organisms, sulfur-containing byproducts result from many metabolic reactions. Unless these compounds are further metabolized, valuable organic sulfur is lost and can become limiting. To regenerate the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine, organisms typically employ one of several variations of a “universal” methionine salvage pathway (MSP). A common aspect of the universal MSP is a final oxygenation step. This work establishes that the metabolically versatile bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum employs a novel MSP that does not require oxygen under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. There is also a separate, dedicated anaerobic MTA metabolic route in R. rubrum. This work reveals global changes in cellular metabolism in response to anaerobic MTA metabolism compared to using sulfate as a sulfur source. We found that cell mobility and transport were enhanced, along with lipid, nucleotide, and carbohydrate metabolism, when cells were grown in the presence of MTA.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: How it all began.

Malcolm Dole’s now famous paper that led to electrospray ionization was published in 1968.1 That was the year after I had left the faculty of mechanical engineering at Princeton to join the faculty of chemical engineering at Yale where I continued my ten-year affair with big leaks in vacuum systems. Those leaks had turned out to be very powerful and versatile research tools because they could produce molecular beams with much higher energies and intensities than could the effusive sources with which Otto Stern and his disciples had earned half a dozen Nobel prizes in physics. Moreover, the supersonic free jets issuing from these leaks introduced their component gases to nonequilibrium steady states having combinations of temperature and density not previously dreamt of, let alone encountered. Those supersonic free jets subsequently ushered in the era of electrospray ionization (ESI) in mass spectrometry (MS) and are thus responsible for my being here today. (Jets also powered my transport on this trip to Austin but those jets were neither supersonic nor free!) When I was told that I would have the honor of receiving the 2002 award from the ABRF, I realized that once again I was following in the footsteps of Csaba Horvath who received this award in 2001. Csaba had also preceded me by a year or two in becoming a chemical engineer at Yale. That sequence, together with subsequent events, lends credence to the notion that the loom of Fate might be weaving some preordained pattern! When I arrived at New Haven in 1967 Csaba was spending half his time in the medical school, working with Professor Seymour “Sandy” Lipsky on HPLC, then known as “high pressure liquid chromatography.” The success of their efforts changed the meaning of “P” from pressure to performance, an achievement honored by Csaba’s receiving this ABRF award last year. The subject of this year’s award—electrospray ionization—has become a hyphen of choice in the practice of LC-MS. Because detection follows separation in that practice, it seems entirely appropriate, and consistent with classic Presbyterian Predestination, that today’s award for an LC detection method should follow last year’s award for LC separation itself! Moreover, the notion of an intervention by Fate is given still more credence by the fact that, unbeknownst to the Award Committee, REVIEWS Journal of Biomolecular Techniques 13:101–118 © 2002 ABRF
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) can have varying causes and etiologies and is considered a syndrome rather than a diagnosis. It is estimated that a cause is identified in only 10 % of patients diagnosed with the syndrome. Historically, there have been several proposed mechanisms for idiopathic SSNHL and today there are still questions and considerable debate regarding its etiology. Among the varied proposed mechanisms are immune-mediated disease, viral infection, vascular abnormalities, or a combination of multiple factors. This chapter reviews the current state of the science regarding idiopathic SSNHL, diagnosis, comorbidity, current therapeutic interventions, and emerging opportunities for disease management and treatment that are based on evidence-based practice. These include steroid treatment, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, drug therapy for viruses, intervention for vascular or ischemic etiology, salvage therapy, and posttherapy rehabilitation in cases of permanent hearing loss as well as the inherent challenges of providing intervention with varied evidence of efficacy.
Economics, Energy, Climate Change, and Soil Security

The Global Soil Security Symposium for which this chapter was developed was part of an effort to both improve and recognize the role of soils as they contribute to society with some speakers stating a goal of improving overall soil condition and health and the recognition of the capital value of soil. Such an effort naturally will face challenges. This chapter addresses from an economic point of view challenges that are likely to arrive from societal efforts to increase biofuels and from the ongoing and projected effects of climate change. In addition, the chapter covers some economic material regarding soil valuation in relation to management practices.
Symptom burden and dysphagia associated with osteoradionecrosis in long-term oropharynx cancer survivors: A cohort analysis

Abstract Objective The purpose is to examine the relationship between mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and chronic dysphagia in long-term oropharynx cancer (OPC) survivors, and to determine the perceived symptom burden associated with ORN. Materials and methods Medical records of 349 OPC patients treated with bilateral IMRT and systemic therapy were reviewed. ORN was graded using a published 4-point classification schema. Patients were considered to have chronic dysphagia if they had aspiration pneumonia, stricture or aspiration detected by fluoroscopy or endoscopy, and/or feeding tube dependence in long-term follow-up ⩾1 year following radiotherapy. MD Anderson Symptom Inventory – Head and Neck Module (MDASI-HN) scores were analyzed in a nested cross-sectional survey sample of 118 patients. Results 34 (9.7%, 95% CI: 6.8–13.3%) patients developed ORN and 45 (12.9%, 95% CI: 9.6–16.9%) patients developed chronic dysphagia. Prevalence of chronic dysphagia was significantly higher in ORN cases (12/34, 35%) compared to those who did not develop ORN (33/315, 11%, p Conclusions ORN is associated with excess burden of chronic dysphagia and higher symptom severity related to swallowing, dentition and activity limitations.
Applications of the Self-Organizing Networks in Document Categorization

Document clustering based on semantics is a fundamental method of helping the users to search and browse in large repositories of documents. A lot of work has been done in this field and recently some papers have reported the applications of self organizing artificial neural networks in document clustering based on semantics. Using an opportune document representation these techniques can order the document space and generate useful tools to support browsing. In this paper an overview of the work in this field is presented and the obtained results are commented on.
Machine models and registration

Equipment for pattern generation in the semiconductor industry have long been a critical part of the manufacturing process. As the industry matured and finer features were required on larger exposure fields, the complexity of these machines grew. The requirements of calibration soon taxed the ability of statistics to understand the complexities of and control required by the tools. In response, the industry adopted an analytical method of data analysis. Mathematical models describing the operation, design and behavior of these tools were developed. These models are called machine models and herein is contained a critical review of the technology to date. The development of machine models is shownfrom a historical standpoint. First the concepts of metrology and a clear explanation of the analytical method are presented. Then the development of modeling and how it was influenced by the automation of metrology in the mid 1980’s. The later sections describe models and their application to machine characterization and matching. These are followed by recent concepts in model building and evaluation. In doing so, it is shown how the concept of machine models are critical to the continued advancement of lithography and equipment development. A final section presents some previously unpublished work on the determination of machine precision. The work is supported by an appendix of derivations for the basic model elements.
Abstract 2118: The food additive agent potassium bromate prevents growth and aggressive phenotypes by targeting multiple molecular signatures in breast cancer cells

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is by-product of ozone that has found multifunctional purpose in modern society. It is used as disinfectant in drinking water, a bleaching agent to improve flour, a component of cold-wave hair lotion and an ingredient in the production of fish paste and fermented beverages. Potassium bromide has also been used in America for bread-baking as a safe food additive since 1914. Despite the commercial value of this chemical, some studies suggest that KBrO3 could be a carcinogen. During the bread-baking process, Potassium bromate is normally converted into a stable and inert compound, potassium bromide (KBr). However, due to incomplete reduction, the residual KBrO3 remains in the bread, which eventually acts as a potential carcinogen to humans. Interestingly, our studies, in breast cancer cells, found contrasting results. We found that KBrO3 delays growth of ER-α positive luminal type breast cancer cells and triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) via inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. KBrO3-induced apoptosis is mediated via targeting BCL-2/Bax and Caspase-3 signaling pathway. Moreover, aggressive phenotypes such as migration, invasion and sphere-forming ability of breast cancer cells are significantly impaired by KBrO3-treatment via targeting multiple molecular signatures in breast cancer cells. The growth inhibition effect of KBrO3 is also documented in a tumor xenograft model. Collectively, our findings provide a rationale for the basic and pre-clinical evaluation of the role of KBrO3 in breast cancer progression and therapy. Citation Format: Priyanka Ghosh, Gargi Maity, Snigdha Banerjee, Sushanta Banerjee. The food additive agent potassium bromate prevents growth and aggressive phenotypes by targeting multiple molecular signatures in breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2118. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2118
Preoperative insulin therapy as a marker for type 2 diabetes remission in obese patients after bariatric surgery.

Abstract Background Obesity not only increases the chances of developing diabetes—one of the top causes of death in the United States—but it also results in further medical complications. Objective To compare the 6-month and 1-year postoperative remission rates of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients after bariatric surgery based on preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) stratification and pharmacologic therapy: insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) versus noninsulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD). Setting Academic hospital, United States. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained database of 186 obese patients with a diagnosis T2D who had undergone either a sleeve gastrectomy or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery at our hospital. Results At 6 months (n = 180), patients who were stratified by preoperative A1C levels ( Conclusion While a difference was observed between overall A1C levels—the lower the A1C level, the higher the remission rate—IDD patients had lower remission rates than NIDD patients irrespective of A1C levels; further, IDD patients performed similarly across A1C levels.
Direct Generation and Detection of Quantum Correlated Photons with 3.2 um Wavelength Spacing

Quantum correlated, highly non-degenerate photons can be used to synthesize disparate quantum nodes and link quantum processing over incompatible wavelengths, thereby constructing heterogeneous quantum systems for otherwise unattainable superior performance. Existing techniques for correlated photons have been concentrated in the visible and near-IR domains, with the photon pairs residing within one micron. Here, we demonstrate direct generation and detection of high-purity photon pairs at room temperature with 3.2 um wavelength spacing, one at 780 nm to match the rubidium D2 line, and the other at 3950 nm that falls in a transparent, low-scattering optical window for free space applications. The pairs are created via spontaneous parametric downconversion in a lithium niobate waveguide with specially designed geometry and periodic poling. The 780 nm photons are measured with a silicon avalanche photodiode, and the 3950 nm photons are measured with an upconversion photon detector using a similar waveguide, which attains 34% internal conversion efficiency. Quantum correlation measurement yields a high coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 54, which indicates the strong correlation with the extremely non-degenerate photon pairs. Our system bridges existing quantum technology to the challenging mid-IR regime, where unprecedented applications are expected in quantum metrology and sensing, quantum communications, medical diagnostics, and so on.
Hereditary association between testicular cancer and familial ovarian cancer: A Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry study.

Abstract Background Although family history of testicular cancer is well-established as a risk factor for testicular cancer, it is unknown whether family history of ovarian cancer is associated with risk of testicular cancer. Materials and methods Using data from the Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry on 2636 families with multiple cases of ovarian cancer, we systematically compared relative frequencies of ovarian cancer among relatives of men with testicular and non-testicular cancers. Results Thirty-one families with cases of both ovarian and testicular cancer were identified. We observed that, among men with cancer, those with testicular cancer were more likely to have a mother with ovarian cancer than those with non-testicular cancers (OR = 3.32, p = 0.004). Zero paternal grandmothers of men with testicular cancer had ovarian cancer. Conclusion These observations provide compelling preliminary evidence for a familial association between ovarian and testicular cancers Future studies should be designed to further investigate this association and evaluate X-linkage.
Electronic Resources and Serials Staffing Challenges

AbstractThis article examines some of the issues related to electronic resources and serials staffing. Incorporating information from the literature, interviews with librarians working in the field, and data from job advertisements, this investigation addresses the challenges of identifying the primary job responsibilities of an electronic resources or serials librarian. The NASIG core competencies, library school curricula, and salary considerations are also covered.
Epidemiology of Asthma: Prevalence and Burden of Disease

While clinical guidelines clearly define mechanisms for asthma diagnosis based upon history, lung function testing, symptoms, and physical examination, surveillance for asthma is much less straightforward. Epidemiologists have long debated the best means of assessing the scope and burden of asthma, seeking to reduce the potential for confounding introduced by differential means of diagnosis and even slight differences in surveillance questions, both of which can bias surveillance results such that we over- or undercount cases. This chapter will provide an overview of asthma epidemiology in the USA and internationally, as well as review of the data and findings from the major surveillance systems, a discussion of a networked approach to the science and evaluation of therapeutic treatments using the exemplar of the Inner-City Asthma Network, and assessment of public health implications.
TIME AND DISPLACEMENT BOUND THEOREMS FOR VISCOUS AND RIGID-VISCO-PLASTIC CONTINUA SUBJECTED TO IMPULSIVE LOADING

ABSTRACT Earlier work which developed a method of computing deformation time and final displacement bounds for rigid-plastic structures and continua subjected to impulsive loading is extended to cover all materials in which stress and strain rate are related in a reversible manner. Particular emphasis is given to rigid-visco-plastic materials and illustrative examples are presented.
Diagnosing and treating victims of domestic violence.

Domestic violence can be defined as any violent behavior directed against an individual within the home or family. Intrafamily violence occurs in all segments of society and is not limited to a single ethnic or socioeconomic group. Unless the assaults within the home are stopped, the violence tends to escalate and become more serious, sometimes resulting in serious injury or death. Since the greater half of all non-accidental trauma occurs in the head and neck area, the dentist might be the first person to treat the domestic violence victim. Every member of the dental team must be aware of the incidence and prevalence of family violence and the serious sequelae associated with this dysfunctional behavior. Each member of the team can play an important role in the early recognition of non-accidental trauma. Once recognized, the intervention process can begin on behalf of the victim. Language: en
Sleep deprivation and brain function

This article examines the effects of sleep deprivation on brain function from the perspective of functional neuroimaging studies. This field is relatively new, but some general findings have emerged. There are two types of brain responses to sleep deprivation: (1) diminished cerebral activation with reduced performance, relative to a well-rested state, and (2) increased cerebral activation and relatively intact performance. This article reviews the existing literature and summarizes one hypothesis designed to reconcile the various findings, the compensatory recruitment hypothesis. We end with ideas for future research aimed at better understanding the effects of sleep deprivation on brain function.
Specifying the Disjoint Nature of Object Properties in DL.

This paper proposes constructs that can be used to declaratively specify the disjoint nature of object properties or roles. These constructs may be a useful extension to the Description Logic system that is the basis of OWL.
The Performance Of Box-Relaxation Decoding In Massive MIMO With Low-Resolution ADCS

We study massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) uplink systems with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on each receiver antenna. For the decoding, we propose an efficient convex program, namely the boxrelaxation optimization (BRO), for which we further characterize its asymptotic bit-error rate (BER) under Gaussian channel and noise models. The derived formula is an explicit function of the ratio of receive to transmit antennas, of the SNR, and of the specifics of the quantization scheme. Hence, it can be used for tuning of these parameters such that the desired BER specifications are met. We further show the superiority of the BRO compared to standard linear detectors such as the zero-forcing (ZF) decoder. Numerical simulations corroborate our theoretical results.
Abstract TP59: The Sustained DeyeCOM Sign as a Predictor of Large Vessel Occlusion

Introduction: Rapid imaging in acute stroke is critical and often occurs before full examination. Early, reliable exam findings clarify diagnosis and improve treatment times. Suspected stroke patie...
Comparing Simultaneous vs. Serial Acquisitions in Smartphone Investigations

Law Enforcement is constrained by lower budgets but is still challenged to do more with fewer resources. This paper discusses the importance of multiprocessing and the performance evaluation for simultaneously extracting all the evidence from four completely different phones versus extracting the evidence from each phone serially. We are conducting research to compare the results of four cell phone / smart phone investigations on a modern laptop versus performing the investigations in a serial fashion on. People from law enforcement, the legal industry, and academia will discuss their viewpoint on the performance in a more comprehensive research paper in the near future.
Addressing Unconscious Bias: A Nurse Leader's Role

The nurse leader is ethically responsible for creating diverse and inclusive spaces for both nurses and those we care for. The leader must openly acknowledge and address the negative influence of bias and prejudice within health care organizations. This requires both an awareness of the influence of unconscious bias within the organization and appropriate actions to mitigate its impact. This process begins with an in-depth examination of one's own biases and continues through actions at the individual and organizational levels. Nurse leaders are well positioned to address and mitigate the negative influence of bias within organizations. This article discusses the influence of unconscious bias as well as strategies that the nurse leader can use to build diverse and inclusive organizations.
Measurement of protein synthesis and degradation in C2C22 myoblasts using extracts of muscle from hormone treated bovine

A detailed methodology is described for determination of treatment effects on muscle cell protein synthesis and muscle cell protein degradation in a cell culture system. C2C22 mouse myoblasts were treated with growth media containing muscle extracts from bovine treated with different pharmaceutical agents. Radiolabeled amino acids were added to the growth media to determine treatment effects on protein synthesis and protein degradation. Percent protein synthesis was calculated by measuring amino acid uptake as a percentage over internal control. Percent protein degradation was measured using a pulse chase technique. These procedures will allow researchers to determine treatment effects on overall protein synthesis and degradation in vitro in a relatively short amount of time without excessive costs. A second benefit is that animals do not have to be fed radiolabeled feedstuffs. These procedures are not intended to elucidate the mechanisms behind pharmaceutical enhancement of muscle cell protein synthesis or protein degradation.
Accuracy of the Vancouver Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model Compared With That of Radiologists.

Background Risk models have been developed that include the subject’s pretest risk profile and imaging findings to predict the risk of cancer in an objective way. We assessed the accuracy of the Vancouver Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model compared with that of trainee and experienced radiologists using a subset of size-matched nodules from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Methods One hundred cases from the NLST database were selected (size range, 4-20 mm), including 20 proven cancers and 80 size-matched benign nodules. Three experienced thoracic radiologists and three trainee radiologists were asked to estimate the likelihood of cancer in each case, first independently, and then with knowledge of the model’s risk prediction. The results generated by the model alone also were estimated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for each viewing condition was calculated, and statistical significance in their differences was tested by using the Dorfman-Berbaum-Metz method. Results Human observers were more accurate (AUC value of 0.85 ± 0.05 [SD]) than was the model (0.77 ± 0.06) in estimating the risk of malignancy (P = .0010), and use of the model did not improve their accuracy (0.84 ± 0.06). Experienced radiologists performed better than did trainees. Human observers could distinguish benign from malignant nodule morphology more accurately than could the model, which relies mainly on nodule size for risk estimation. Conclusions Experienced and trainee radiologists had superior ability to predict the risk of cancer in size-matched nodules from a screening trial compared with that of the Vancouver model, and use of the model did not improve their accuracy.
A Combined Economic Activity and Transportation Model: A Solution Procedure and Application to Multi-Regional Planning

In this paper, an integrated economic activity and transportation equilibrium model is developed in which the interaction between the public and private sectors are explicitly represented by simultaneously minimizing transportation costs, production costs, and import and export costs. The assumed role of the public sector is to develop highways that connect import and export ports zones to the locations where the private sector produces most economically. In the proposed model, the optimum amounts and locations of production, interzonal traffic flows, and port volumes are determined.
Interplay of GaAsP barrier and strain compensation in InGaAs quantum well at near-critical thickness

Abstract The effect of GaAs1−yPy tensile-strained barriers on suppressing the partial strain relaxation of InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) is investigated when the thickness of a heavily strained InxGa1−xAs QW is near-critical thickness. The strain relaxations of In0.4Ga0.6As MQWs with and without strain-compensating GaAs1−yPy barriers are characterized using X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (RSM) and micro-photoluminescence (µ-PL) mapping. A significant amount of strain relaxation (~1.53%) is measured when the thickness of each In0.4Ga0.6As QW within a 4-period MQW becomes 9.5 nm in the absence of strain-compensating layers. By adding two ~5 nm GaAs0.67P0.33 tensile-strained barriers sandwiching each QW, the strain relaxation in the In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs0.67P0.33/GaAs MQWs is reduced to ~0.3% together with decreased surface roughness. Our study shows that tensile barriers with proper elastic energy densities are essential to achieve efficient strain compensation in a heavily-strained InGaAs MQW structure, which provides an important insight into the understanding of how to better achieve the benefits of strain compensation in III-V based QWs and superlattices.