cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The science and art of brief inpatient group therapy in the 21st century: commentary on Cook et al. and Ellis et al.

(2014). The Science and Art of Brief Inpatient Group Therapy in the 21st Century: Commentary on Cook et al. and Ellis et al. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 228-244.
Serials, FRBR, and Library Linked Data: A Way Forward

This article proposes a new way of cataloging serials using linked data and Resource Description Framework (RDF), as well as how the concepts of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) can be expanded to apply to journal content at both the journal level and the article level, all with an eye toward ease of access and understanding for users.
Reducing excessive police incidents: Do notices to owners work?

Many municipalities throughout the United States have enacted ordinances that allow cities to charge property owners fees or fines for excessive police calls for service to the property. However, there are few studies of the outcomes of such ordinances. This study examines the impact on the count of police incidents of a notice of potential future fees or fines to property owners in Anchorage, Alaska and Green Bay, Wisconsin. It was found that police incidents are reduced by 24–28 per cent after a notice of potential fines, with two-thirds of properties experiencing a decline in police incidents post-notice. The implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Emerging regulators of the inflammatory process in osteoarthritis

Chronic, low-grade inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) contributes to symptoms and disease progression. Effective disease-modifying OA therapies are lacking, but better understanding inflammatory pathophysiology in OA could lead to transformative therapy. Networks of diverse innate inflammatory danger signals, including complement and alarmins, are activated in OA. Through inflammatory mediators, biomechanical injury and oxidative stress compromise the viability of chondrocytes, reprogramming them to hypertrophic differentiation and proinflammatory and pro-catabolic responses. Integral to this reprogramming are 'switching' pathways in transcriptional networks, other than the well-characterized effects of NFκB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling; HIF-2α transcriptional signalling and ZIP8-mediated Zn(2+) uptake, with downstream MTF1 transcriptional signalling, have been implicated but further validation is required. Permissive factors, including impaired bioenergetics via altered mitochondrial function and decreased activity of bioenergy sensors, interact with molecular inflammatory responses and proteostasis mechanisms such as the unfolded protein response and autophagy. Bioenergy-sensing by AMPK and SIRT1 provides 'stop signals' for oxidative stress, inflammatory, and matrix catabolic processes in chondrocytes. The complexity of molecular inflammatory processes in OA and the involvement of multiple inflammatory mediators in tissue repair responses, raises daunting questions about how to therapeutically target inflammatory processes and macroscopic inflammation in OA. Bioenergy sensing might provide a pragmatic 'entry point'.
Tyrosine Derivatization and Preparative Purification of the Sialyl and Asialyl N-Linked Oligosaccharides from Porcine Fibrinogen

Abstract The N-linked oligosaccharides from porcine fibrinogen were purified following their release from glycopeptides using N-glycosidase F. In separate experiments, both sialyl and asialyl oligosaccharides were prepared from 5 g of fibrinogen. The reducing oligosaccharides were reacted with ammonium bicarbonate to form oligosaccharide-glycosylamines and then derivatized with tert -butoxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine N -hydroxysuccinimidyl ester. Tyrosinamide-oligosaccharides were purified first by gel filtration chromatography and then by reverse-phase HPLC and the products were characterized by proton NMR and fast atom bombardment-MS. Porcine fibrinogen was found to have predominantly a single asialyl biantennary oligosaccharide containing a fucose linked α1-6 to GlcNAc 1. The oligosaccharide possesses two sialylation patterns with a major form (70%) having a single N -acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuAc) residue linked α2-6 to galactose on only one antenna and a minor form (30%) possessing two NeuAc residues linked α2-6 to both terminal galactose residues. In addition to developing an isolation procedure and establishing the structures of porcine fibrinogen oligosaccharides, this study improves on the tyrosine derivatization technique as a general approach to isolate structurally diverse N-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins.
Modeling cancer incidence in A-bomb survivors: a perspective

Several manuscripts have been published which implement regression methods or stochastic processes methodology to model the incidence of a variety of cancers obtained via epidemiologic studies of radiation exposure. Cancer incidence data obtained from the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort have been of particular interest due to the extensive amount of information available from numerous years of follow-up of the Japanese A-bomb survivors. Conventional methods of exploring goodness-of-fit within each model class have indicated that both types adequately fit the data, but the model predicted curves for excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) can vary dramatically. A simulation study is carried out to compare and contrast an excess relative risk regression model to a stochastic two-stage cancer model to determine the extent of the model predicted risk differences and why they occur.
Formation of self-aligned TiSi2 contacts to Si at low temperatures using TiCl4 and SiH4 with selective in-situ predeposition of SixGe1−x

Abstract In this paper, we report selective formation of TiSi 2 on Si using SiH 4 and TiCl 4 at low temperatures (600–750°C) by first depositing a thin (20–30 nm) Si-Ge alloy selectively on Si with respect to SiO 2 . The Si-Ge alloy layer, which can be deposited at temperatures around 600°C using SiH 4 and GeH 4 , promotes the nucleation of TiSi 2 by providing an oxide-free surface to the subsequent TiSi 2 deposition process. Using this sequential deposition process, we have achieved selective TiSi 2 deposition at temperatures as low as 625°C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the films deposited in the temperature range of 625–750°C were polycrystalline TiSi 2 with orthorhombic C54 crystal structure. These films had resistivities ranging from 15 to 25 μΩ2 cm. The temperature dependence of the deposition rate can be characterized by two activation energies of 0.3 eV and 3.0 eV for temperatures above and below 650°C respectively.
Stability constants for mono- and dioxalato-complexes of Y and the REE, potentially important species in groundwaters and surface freshwaters

We present the first measured set of stability constants for mono- and dioxalato-complexes of yttrium and all rare earths except Pm (Y+REE), Oxβn = [MOxn3−2n] [M3+]−1 [Ox2−]−n(where [ ] ≡ concentrations, M ≡ Y+REE, and Ox2− ≡ C2O42−). Aqueous solutions of Y+REE were titrated with oxalic acid in the presence of a cation-exchange resin, and Y+REE concentrations in the solution phase were measured by ICP-MS. This method allows investigation of all Y+REE simultaneously under identical conditions and is thus very sensitive to subtle inter-element variations in log Oxβn. Experiments were performed at a single ionic strength (I = 0.05 M), but at two values of pH. Patterns of log Oxβ1 and log Oxβ2, determined from our experiments, are similar in shape and reminiscent of those for carbonato-complexes. The average ratio of stepwise stability constants K2/K1 = Oxβ2/(Oxβ1)2 is 0.05 ± 0.02 for Y+REE excluding La and Ce. Literature values of Oxβ1(Eu) for 0.03 mol/L ≤ I ≤ 1 mol/L were used to derive the relation log Oxβ1(Eu) = log Oxβ10(Eu) − 6.132√I/(1 + 1.47√I) + 0.902I, where log Oxβ10(Eu) is the stability constant at infinite dilution. Applying this relation to all Y+REE, the following values of log Oxβ10 (at zero ionic strength) were found: 6.66 (Y), 5.87 (La), 5.97 (Ce), 6.25 (Pr), 6.31 (Nd), 6.43 (Sm), 6.52 (Eu), 6.53 (Gd), 6.63 (Tb), 6.74 (Dy), 6.77 (Ho), 6.83 (Er), 6.89 (Tm), 6.95 (Yb), 6.96 (Lu). These values, which are based on direct measurements for each individual Y+REE, agree quite well with published extrapolations that are mostly based on linear free-energy relationships. Total oxalate concentrations of 10−5−10−3 M have been reported for soil solutions. Free oxalate ions persist at much lower pH than free carbonate ions and a simple speciation model demonstrates that oxalato-complexes can dominate Y+REE speciation in mildly acidic groundwaters of low-to-moderate alkalinity.
Modelling genitourinary defects in mice: an emerging genetic and developmental system

The rising incidence of genitourinary (GU) defects among newborns establishes the need and opportunity to focus research efforts on the amelioration of this growing public-health concern. Sadly, our inability to explain the causes of GU defects can be directly attributed to our lack of understanding of GU gene function. Recently, mouse models have been used to provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie congenital GU malformations.
Bearing Witness: Assumptions, Realities, and the Otherizing of Katrina

As post-Katrina rebuilding of Louisiana and Mississippi proceeds, we should heed the lessons from anthropologists and others studying aid and development in other parts of the world who point out that aid is often predicated on poorly examined assumptions about beneficiaries and local conditions. Hence, as the recovery after Katrina continues, assumptions about the U.S. South and about poverty, race, and class in the United States must be exposed and examined as well as assumptions about disaster victims and relief. Drawing on personal experiences, I examine here some of the assumptions with which I operated as a small group of friends and I organized an unofficial relief team to provide whatever aid we could to people on the Mississippi Gulf coast in the first few weeks after Hurricane Katrina. I recount the disconnections between my assumptions and the local conditions as relayed by Katrina survivors or that members of the team and I witnessed firsthand.
Evolution in the Management of Aberrant Subclavian Arteries and Related Kommerell Diverticulum

Background Various options have been described to treat aberrant subclavian arteries and associated Kommerell diverticulum. We describe our experience with the management of this entity over a 15-year period. Methods Twenty-two patients underwent repair of aberrant subclavian arteries and associated Kommerell diverticulum. Indications for intervention included a large Kommerell diverticulum (n = 18), dysphagia lusoria (n = 12), rupture (n = 4), type B aortic dissection (n = 4), thoracic aortic aneurysm (n = 2), and coarctation (n = 1). Patients were treated with either open surgery (n = 9) or an endovascular approach (n = 13). For the open surgical patients, hypothermic circulatory arrest (n = 7) or left heart bypass (n = 2) was used. For those patients undergoing an endovascular approach (n = 13), carotid to subclavian arterial bypasses were performed preoperatively in 11 patients and intraoperatively in 2 patients. Bilateral revascularization was more frequently performed with endovascular repair compared with open surgery (69% vs 22%, p = 0.01). Results Early outcomes included in-hospital mortality (n = 1), stroke (n = 1), and permanent spinal cord ischemia (n = 1) after endovascular approaches, and renal failure requiring dialysis (n = 1) and need for tracheostomy (n = 1) after open repair. The frequency of endovascular repair increased after the commercialization of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in 2005 from 33% to 63%. Four patients developed type I (n = 1) or type II (n = 3) endoleaks, of which 1 required reintervention. Median hospital stay was 7 days (interquartile range 4 to 17). Five-year survival was 81.8%. No late aortic ruptures occurred and 3 patients required late reintervention; 1 after an open and 2 after an endovascular approach. Dysphagia lusoria was relieved in all patients except for 1 in the open repair and 1 in the endovascular group. Conclusions Aberrant subclavian arteries and associated Kommerell diverticulum can be treated with acceptable rates of mortality and morbidity. The evolution toward an endovascular approach did not appear to affect late outcomes, suggesting that the choice of treatment should be based on patient-specific anatomy and associated comorbidities.
Alterations in Cardiac Function Immediately Following Electrical Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation to Normal Sinus Rhythm

An assessment was made of cardiac function by means of right heart catheterization before and immediately after conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in 11 studies on 10 human subjects. Comparable data during exercise were available in five studies. Medical management of patients in this study was identical to that employed routinely for this procedure. After conversion to normal sinus rhythm cardiac output response was significantly increased only during exercise. The relationship of mean right atrial and mean pulmonary wedge pressures to right and left ventricular stroke work was uniformly improved both because of decreases in these pressures and increases in work. Indirect evidence of mitral valvular regurgitation was diminished to absent after conversion. "A" waves and the pulse pressure of atrial contraction were very small in the right atrial tracings after conversion and these contours were usually inapparent on pulmonary wedge tracings. It is concluded that over-all cardiac performance...
Monitoring of patients for cytomegalovirus after organ transplantation by centrifugation culture and PCR.

A modified centrifugation culture technique and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described for detection of early antigen and IE antigen DNA, respectively, for rapid and sensitive monitoring of active cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection after organ transplantation. In a preliminary study, 541 clinical specimens (blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, pharyngeal wash, sputum) from 59 organ recipients were assayed for HCMV antigen by centrifugation culture; 144 samples were tested by PCR simultaneously. Antigenemia detected by centrifugation culture correlated strongly with active HCMV infection and clinical symptoms and proved useful for monitoring the efficacy of anti-viral therapy. PCR was more sensitive in an earlier phase of infection when centrifugation culture was still negative. The clinical usefulness of both methods is discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Penile amputation and scrotal urethrostomy followed by chemotherapy in a dog with penile hemangiosarcoma

A 7 yr old castrated male standard poodle weighing 25 kg was presented with a 5 day history of hematuria, dysuria, and the presence of a 2.5 cm, firm swelling within the prepuce. Abdominal radiographs revealed a soft-tissue mass on the distal prepuce and lysis of the cranial margin of the os penis. The patient was sedated and an ulcerated hemorrhagic mass was identified at the tip of the penis. The mass was diagnosed as hemangiosarcoma via incisional biopsy. A penile amputation with scrotal urethrostomy was performed followed by chemotherapy with doxorubicin.
Opposing effects of amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex lesions on the extinction of instrumental responding in macaque monkeys

Extinction is a well-known behavioural phenomenon that allows organisms to respond flexibly to a changing environment. Although recent work implicates the amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex (PFo) in extinction of Pavlovian conditioned fear and aversion, much less is known about the neural bases of instrumental extinction. To explore the contribution of the macaque amygdala to flexible responding in the face of changing reward contingency, we tested the effects of selective, excitotoxic lesions of the amygdala on extinction of an instrumental response. For comparison, we evaluated the effects of ablation of PFo on the same task. Amygdala lesions facilitated the extinction of instrumental responses, whereas lesions of PFo had the opposite effect.
Measuring Ethical Ideology in Business Ethics: A Critical Analysis of the Ethics Position Questionnaire

Individual differences in ethical ideology are believed to play a key role in ethical decision making. Forsyth’s (1980) Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) is designed to measure ethical ideology along two dimensions, relativism and idealism. This study extends the work of Forsyth by examining the construct validity of the EPQ. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted with independent samples indicated three factors – idealism, relativism, and veracity – account for the relationships among EPQ items. In order to provide further evidence of the instrument’s nomological and convergent validity, correlations among the EPQ subscales, dogmatism, empathy, and individual differences in the use of moral rationales were examined. The relationship between EPQ measures of idealism and moral judgments demonstrated modest predictive validity, but the appreciably weaker influence of relativism and the emergence of a veracity factor raise questions about the utility of the EPQ typology.
Scoliosis in Steinert syndrome: a case report.

Abstract Background context Steinert syndrome is described as an autosomal dominant condition characterized by progressive muscular wasting, myotonia, musculoskeletal manifestations and rare spinal defects. Little is reported about spinal deformity associated with this syndrome. Purpose We present a patient with Steinert syndrome complicated by scoliosis. In the literature on muscular dystrophy, other than Duchenne, little mention is given to the problem of scoliosis in general and its treatment in particular. Study design A case report of a patient with Steinert syndrome associated with thoracic scoliosis and hypokyphosis is presented. Methods A 17-year-old boy presented with King type II right thoracic scoliosis (T5–T11, Cobb angle of 40°) and hypokyphosis −10°. He was treated with posterior stabilization and instrumentation at level T3–L2 with a postoperative correction of the scoliotic curve to 20°. Histopathologic examination of the muscles confirmed the diagnosis of Steinert myotonic dystrophy. Results At 30-month follow-up, the patient was clinically pain free and well balanced. Plain radiographs showed solid spine fusion with no loss of deformity correction. Conclusions Scoliosis in Steinert syndrome shares the characteristic of an arthrogrypotic neuromuscular curve and demands the extensive soft tissue release for optimal surgical correction. Intraoperative observations included profound tissue bleeding, abnormally tough soft tissues and a difficult recovery from anaesthesia.
Determining Ca2+-sensor binding time and its variability in evoked neurotransmitter release.

The speed and reliability of neuronal reactions are important factors for proper functioning of the nervous system. To understand how organisms use protein molecules to carry out very fast biological actions, we quantified single-molecule reaction time and its variability in synaptic transmission. From the synaptic delay of crayfish neuromuscular synapses the time for a few Ca2+ ions to bind with their sensors in evoked neurotransmitter release was estimated. In standard crayfish saline at room temperature, the average Ca2+ binding time was 0.12 ms for the first evoked quanta. At elevated extracellular Ca2+ concentrations this binding time reached a limit due to saturation of Ca2+ influx. Analysis of the synaptic delay variance at various Ca2+ concentrations revealed that the variability of the Ca2+-sensor binding time is the major source of the temporal variability of synaptic transmission, and that the Ca2+-independent molecular reactions after Ca2+ influx were less stochastic. The results provide insights into how organisms maximize reaction speed and reliability.
Model- Based Evaluation of Long-Range Resource Allocation Plans

Abstract When corporate planning is decentralized, the plans produced by each suborganization must be reviewed and evaluated to make sure they are reasonable and acceptable to the organization as a whole. This paper considers three ways of automating the evaluation task, two based on rules combined with qualitative arithmetic, and one based on a microeconomic model combined with quantitative reasoning and a search procedure. We found that the knowledge encoded in the rules could be derived from the model and its application could be controlled by the procedure. Moreover, quantitative reasoning can deal with reinforcing and counteracting effects, which qualitative arithmetic cannot. This approach has been used as the basis for the REMUS module in the ROME system.
Regulation of transcription of the human presenilin-1 gene by ets transcription factors and the p53 protooncogene.

Abstract The expression of the human presenilin-1 cellular gene is suppressed by the p53 protooncogene. The rapid kinetic of the down-regulation has suggested that it may result from a primary mechanism. We show here that p53 also suppresses the transcription of a presenilin-1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter synthetic gene in transient infection assays in neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines. Only a minimum promoter including sequences from −35 to + 6 from the transcription initiation is sufficient to confer down-regulation. We have previously defined a crucial DNA element controlling 90% of the expression of the gene within the same short area, and the identification of the transcription factors involved should also provide insights into the regulation ofPS1 by p53. This region contains an Ets transcription factor binding motif, and a 2-base pair alteration within the core sequence (GGAA to TTAA) of the Ets consensus also reduced transcription by more than 90%. We now show that Ets1 and Ets2 indeed transactivate a PS1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter including the (−35 to +6) fragment. Furthermore, in vitro translated Ets2 binds specifically to the −10 Ets motif in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Therefore, Ets1/2 factors bind specifically to the −10 Ets element and activatePS1 transcription. We also show that the coactivator p300 enhances the activation by Ets1 and Ets2 as well as the repression by p53. p300 is known to interact with p53 as well as with Ets1 and Ets2. We show that p53 does not bind directly to the PS1promoter. Hence the repression of PS1 transcription by p53 is likely to be mediated through protein-protein interactions.
Timing as a source of regulatory influence: A technical elite network analysis of global finance

Rules governing the international financial system are the subject of some of the most intense distributional battles waged in any area of global governance. Who wins and who loses such battles – and why? I develop a novel analytical framework – technical elite network (TEN) theory – which explains the widely varying levels of influence that stakeholders enjoy over global financial standards. TEN theory draws attention to how issue‐specific characteristics of international finance – in particular, its highly technical and complex nature – shape the distributional consequences of global regulatory processes. It posits that such characteristics influence distributional outcomes by (i) affecting who claims first‐mover position and, thus, sets the agenda in global financial rulemaking, and (ii) ensuring that proposals made by first movers are increasingly difficult to alter at later stages of rulemaking. I provide empirical evidence for the theory by examining two regulatory regimes that are central to the efficiency and stability of the global financial system: the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the International Accounting Standards Board.
Vividness Can Undermine or Enhance Message Processing: The Moderating Role of Vividness Congruency

Previous research on the subject of vividness effects in persuasion has yielded conflicting outcomes that are difficult to interpret. The authors outline a theoretical position that anticipates conditions under which vivid message presentations can either enhance or inhibit message processing and persuasion. The key moderator is vividness congruency, which is defined as the extent to which the vivid elements of a message are congruent with the theme of the message itself. Two experiments were conducted that suggest that this previously unexamined variable is an important moderator of vividness effects. Experiment 1 demonstrated that vividness effects on message recall are contingent on the congruency between message content and vivid elements. Experiment 2 showed that message processing (indexed via an argument quality manipulation) can be reduced by adding vivid but incongruent images to a message, relative to pallid messages. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
LOCI AFFECTING LONG-TERM HYBRID SURVIVORSHIP IN LOUISIANA IRISES: IMPLICATIONS FOR REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AND INTROGRESSION

Iris fulva and I. brevicaulis are long-lived plant species known to hybridize where they coexist in nature. Year-to-year survival contributes significantly to overall fitness for both species and their hybrid derivatives, and differences in hybrid survivability may have important consequences to interspecific gene flow in nature. We examined the genetic architecture of long-term survivorship of reciprocal backcross I. fulva 3 I. brevicaulis hybrids in a common- garden, greenhouse environment. Differences in mortality were found between the two backcross (BC1) hybrid classes, with hybrids crossed toward I. fulva (BCIF) revealing twice the mortality of those hybrids backcrossed toward I. brevicaulis (BCIB). Using genomic scans on two separate genetic linkage maps derived from the reciprocal hybrid populations, we found that hybrid survivorship is influenced by several genetic regions. Multiple interval mapping (MIM) revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in BCIF hybrids that were significantly associated with survivorship. Introgressed I. brevicaulis DNA increased survivorship at three of the four QTLs. For the fourth QTL, introgressed I. brevicaulis DNA was associated with decreased survivorship. No QTLs were detected in BCIB hybrids; however, single-marker analysis revealed five unlinked loci that were significantly associated with survivorship. At all five markers, survivorship was positively associated with introgressed I. fulva DNA. The present findings have important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of naturally occurring hybrid zones. Regions of the genome that increase survivorship when in a heterozygous (i.e., hybrid) state should have an increased likelihood of passing across species boundaries, whereas those that decrease survivorship will be less likely to introgress.
Regeneration of rat tracheal epithelium after mechanical injury. I. The relationship between mitotic activity and cellular differentiation.

SummaryThe time of appearance of cytologic specialization in cells of regenerating rat tracheal epithelium was compared to the time of maximal mitotic response. Trauma sufficient to lethally injure most cells reaching the surface but sparing most basal cells resulted in a peak of mitotic activity from the 26th to the 30th hour following injury. The cells in the hyperplastic regenerating epithelium at the peak of mitosis had high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios with little cytoplasmic or surface specialization. Ciliogenesis and mucinogen formation were not. seen in most cells until the 60th hr after the injury and there was little cell division at that time or later. Since cessation of mitosis does not follow or even coincide with the replenishment of the ciliated or goblet cell populations, the data does not support the hypothesis that control of cell division resides in the elaboration or release of a suppressor substance by the mature cells.
Emotional Reactions of Rape Victim Advocates: A Multiple Case Study of Anger and Fear:

This research explores the emotional reactions of a rarely studied group of women who work closely with survivors of sexual violence: rape victim advocates. Women who assist rape victims in obtaining medical, criminal justice, and mental health services were interviewed about their experiences, and qualitative analysis was used to delineate the situational context of the advocates' emotional reactions. Results indicate that respondents experienced anger and fear in response to both individual (e.g., a perpetrator's menacing glare) and environmental (e.g., community denial of a problem) cues. Additionally, some experienced rape victim advocates perceived their emotional reactions to be an important part of their work with rape victims. These findings suggest that intense emotional reactions, previously conceptualized within a vicarious trauma framework, may at times serve as resources for women working with rape survivors.
A basin-scale perspective on Cenomanian-Turonian (Cretaceous) depositional systems, greater Gulf of Mexico (USA)

Recent exploration discoveries have extended the play fairway for Ceno-Turonian age sandstones from traditional onshore fields into the ultradeep water of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), necessitating a reevaluation of the basin-scale depositional paleogeography. The Eagle Ford-Tuscaloosa (EFT) supersequence is a long-duration (10 my) aggregate of sand-prone depositional sequences, organic-rich shales, and shallow to deepwater carbonates. Tectonic drivers may help to explain how the Tuscaloosa depositional transport systems were able to surmount the prominent shelf-margin reef barrier that previously trapped so much sand in updip shoreline systems in underlying Lower Cretaceous supersequences. The EFT and underlying Paluxy-Washita supersequences were mapped across the Gulf Basin, from onshore to deep water, using a database of released wells, biostratigraphy, and proprietary 2D seismic data. Mapping reveals a carbonate- and shale-dominated, shallow to deep basin bisected by a sand-prone central corridor with two prominent depositional axes extending toward the Keathley Canyon and Mississippi Canyon protraction areas. Our paleogeographic reconstruction pointed to a large extrabasinal fluvial system with a catchment draining the Appalachians, confirmed by recently published detrital zircon provenance results. An older but underappreciated model for a brief but significant phase of uplift of the Mississippi embayment may explain how the basal sandstone units of the Tuscaloosa prograded and supported a large submarine fan extending more than 500 km (310 mi) from the previous Albian shelf margin. The estimated volumes of sediment generated by the local uplift are at least an order of magnitude too small to explain the deepwater grain volume suggesting related regional extension of drainage catchments during the tectonic event. Our work reveals the extent of a large sand fairway with an areal size, fan run-out length, and reservoir volume comparable in some respects with the hydrocarbon-rich Paleogene (Wilcox) in the central GOM.
Linear Modeling of Homogeneous Plates

Vibration analysis of linear plates has been carried out in Chapter 2 on the basis of the exact elasticity theory. In this chapter, we again start from the elasticity theory, but proceed now to first derive linear equations of plates, which are then applied to the vibration analysis. As already mentioned, the plate equations are always approximate in nature from the standpoint of elasticity theory, but they are also always simpler to apply than the original elasticity equations.
Mixed Bundling in Two-Sided Markets: Theory and Evidence

We extend the traditional literature on bundling and the burgeoning litera- ture on two-sided markets by presenting a theoretical monopoly model of mixed bundling in the context of the portable video game console market— a prototypical two-sided market. It is shown that the monopoly platform's dominant strategy is to oer a mixed bundle rather than pure bundle or no bundle. Deviating from both traditional bundling literature and standard two-sided markets literature, we …nd that, under mixed bundling, both the standalone console price on the consumer side and the royalty fee on the game developer side are lower than their counter- parts under independent pricing equilibrium. In our setting, mixed bundling acts as a price discrimination tool segmenting the market more e¢ ciently as well as functions as a coordination device helping solve "the chicken or the egg"problem in two-sided markets. After theoretically evaluating the impact mixed bundling has on prices and welfare, we further test the model predictions with new data from the portable video game console market in the early to middle 2000s, during which Nintendo was a monopolist. We employ a reduced-form approach similar to Jin and Rysman (2009), and …nd empirical support for all theoretical predictions.
Smoking interventions: the beginning of the end or the end of the beginning?

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains common among the adult population. Depending on the methods for detection, the estimated prevalence of PAD among U.S. adults ranges from 2.5% in patients <60 years of age to 18.8% in patients ≥70 years of age ([1,2][1]). Using the Rose Claudication
Abstract 14962: Weekend versus Weekday Admission and Morality from Acute Coronary Syndrome

Introduction: ACS is a common condition requiring urgent diagnosis and intervention. Previous smaller studies show poor outcomes for time-sensitive medical conditions during weekend admissions, however whether these associations persist is not known. Hypothesis: We assessed in-hospital mortality and utilization of invasive cardiac procedures following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admissions on the weekend versus weekdays in the United States. Methods: We used the 2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to examine differences in all-cause in-hospital mortality between weekend versus weekday admitted patients with a principal diagnosis of ACS. Adjusted logistic regression and hierarchical logistic regression analyses were used to identify if weekend admission was associated with decreased utilization of procedural intervention and increased subsequent complications as well. Results: We identified 1054674 ACS admissions of which 22.1% were weekend admissions. Adjusted mortality for patients with NSTEMI was higher for weekend admissions [OR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.16] and patients were significantly less likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, thrombolytic therapy, or coronary angiography on their first day of admission [OR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.66-0.69]. Further, for weekend admitted ACS patients who underwent procedural interventions, in-hospital mortality and complications were higher compared to weekday admitted patients. Weekend admitted patients remained significantly less likely to receive a PCI, CABG, thrombolytic therapy, or coronary angiography (Adjusted OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.72-0.74). Weekend admission was associated with longer hospital stay for NSTEMI patients. (Length of stay>3 days: OR: 1.20 (95%CI: 1.18-1.22). Conclusions: For ACS patients, weekend admission is associated with higher mortality and lower utilization of invasive cardiac procedures, and those who did undergo these interventions had higher rates of mortality and complications than their weekday counterparts. We speculate that access to diagnostic and interventional procedures maybe contingent on decreased staff and lower weekend coverage that may impact regular workflow.
Second Allogeneic Transplantation: Outcomes and Indications

Allogeneic transplantation is usually thought of as “curative” or “definitive” therapy. The single use of this treatment modality is meant to eradicate illness and/or restore hematopoiesis. Unfortunately, disease recurrence commonly occurs after allogeneic transplantation for hematologic malignancies as does graft failure or graft rejection. In such instances, a second attempt at allogeneic stem cell rescue may become necessary that we will briefly discuss.
Bifurcation points and the “n-squared” approximation and conjecture, illustrated by M.L Frame and K Mitchell

Foreword to this chapter and the appended figure (2003). The n 2 conjecture advanced in this chapter’s Section 2 was first proven in Guckenheimer & McGehee 1984. The two authors and I were participating in a special year on iteration that Lennart Carleson and Peter W. Jones convened during 1983–1984 at the Mittag-Leffler Institute in Djursholm (Sweden). During a seminar that I was giving, two auditors suddenly stopped listening and started writing furiously. After my talk ended, they rushed up with proofs that turned out to be identical and led to a joint report. They explained the n 2 phenomenon in terms of the normal forms of resonant bifurcations with multiplier exp(2πi/n). More extensive results establish that these stability domains have a limiting shape following rescaling. They are corollaries of the theory of analytic normal forms for parabolic points. See, for example, Shishikura 2000.
Metabolic Syndrome after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: At the Intersection of Treatment Toxicity and Immune Dysfunction

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors face a multitude of short- and long-term health complications in the years after treatment. One important health complication that is associated with significant morbidity is metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). This constellation of findings, which includes obesity, glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, and hypertension, places affected individuals at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular complications, and stroke. Previous studies have linked MetSyn in HCT survivors to prior treatment; however, few studies have addressed the potential roles of systemic inflammation and immune system dysfunction after HCT. Within this review, we address the recent advances in the understanding of adipose tissue biology, immune, and inflammatory mechanisms involved in MetSyn in non-HCT patients, and lastly, we discuss potential novel mechanisms that may play a role in MetSyn development after HCT, such as hematopoietic stem cell source, inflammatory status of the stem cell donor, and microbiome composition, all of which represent potential new directions for post-HCT MetSyn research.
Effect of Erythropoietin on Early Recovery of Erythropoiesis in Mice after Sublethal Dose of 5-Fluorouracil

SummaryFollowing eradication of erythroid marrow by single injection of 5-FU, spontaneous repopulation began on day 6 and resulted in a sharp rise in 59Fe incorporation on day 9/10. Mice which received a large dose of erythropoietin within 32 hours after 5-FU, repopulated their erythroid marrow 72 hours after 5-FU and showed an early peak in 59Fe incorporation on day 6/7. Injections of erythropoietin earlier or later than between 8 and 32 hours after 5-FU had little or no effect, indicating that the induced erythropoiesis was not due to a carry-over of injected erythropoietin into the phase of spontaneous stem cell recovery. A delayed action on erythropoietin-sensitive stem cells present at the time of injection, or an action of erythropoietin on their precursors are considered as possible mechanism.
Investigating Multiphase Turbulence Statistics of Large-Scale Two-Way Coupled Gravity-Driven Flows

Starting from the kinetic theory (KT) model for monodisperse granular flow, the exact Reynolds-average (RA) equations were recently derived for the particle phase in a collisional gas-particle flow by Fox [1]. The turbulence model solves for the RA particle volume fraction, the phase-average (PA) particle velocity, the PA granular temperature, and the PA particle turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). A clear distinction is made between the PA granular temperature, which appears in the kinetic theory constitutive relations, and the particle-phase turbulent kinetic energy, which appears in the turbulent transport coefficients. Mesoscale direct numerical simulation (DNS) can be used to assess the validity of the closures proposed for the unclosed terms that arise due to nonlinearities in the hydrodynamic model. In order to extract meaningful statistics from simulation results, a separation of length scales must be established to distinguish between the PA particle TKE and the PA granular temperature. In this work, we introduce an adaptive spatial filter with an averaging volume that varies with the local particle-phase volume fraction. This filtering approach ensures sufficient particle sample sizes in order to obtain meaningful statistics while remaining small enough to avoid capturing variations in the mesoscopic particle field. Two-point spatial correlations are computed to assess the validity of the filter in extracting meaningful statistics. The filtering approach is applied to fully-developed cluster-induced turbulence (CIT), where the production of fluid-phase kinetic energy results entirely from momentum coupling with finite-size inertial particles. Simulation results show a strong correlation between the local volume fraction and granular temperature, with maximum values located just upstream of clusters (i.e., where maximum compressibility of the particle velocity field exists), and negligible particle agitation is observed within clusters.© 2014 ASME
PEM Fuel Cell Research Direction for Automotive Application

In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell-related research conducted and subsequently published by universities and public institutions. While a good deal of this research has been useful for understanding the underlying fundamental aspects of fuel cell components and operation, much of it is not as useful for a group working on automotive applications as it could be. The reason for this is that in order to be put to practical use in an automotive application, the system being studied must meet certain constraints; satisfying targets for projected system costs, system efficiency, volumetric and gravimetric power densities (packaging), and operating conditions. For example, numerous recent publications show studies with PEM fuel cells designed and built such that limiting current density is achieved at 0.9 A/cm2 or lower, and voltages of 600 mV can only be achieved at current densities less than 0.6 A/cm2. This type of performance is sufficiently below what is required for commercial application, that any conclusions drawn from these works are difficult to extrapolate to a system of commercial automotive interest. The purpose of this article is to show, through use of engineering calculations and cost projections, what operating conditions and performance are required in a commercial automotive fuel cell application. In addition, best known (public domain) performance and corresponding conditions are given, along with Department of Energy Freedom Car targets, which can be used for state-of-the-art benchmarking. Also, reference is made to a university publication where performance (500 mV at 1.5 A/cm2) close to automotive application targets was achieved, and important aspects of their components and flow field geometry are highlighted. It is our hope that through this publication, further PEM fuel-cell related research can be directed toward the region of greatest interest for commercial, automotive application.© 2005 ASME
Analysis of the genetic characteristics of pathogens responsible for hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) in the City of Tai'an from 2009 to 2010

Objective EV71 and CoxA16,the pathogens mainly responsible for hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD),were tested and their molecular biology was analyzed so that the genetic characteristics of the virus responsible for HFMD in the City of Tai'an could be monitored.Methods EV71 and CoxA16 were tested with real-time RT-PCR.The VP1 coding region was amplified by nested PCR and RT-PCR and then the region was sequenced.The sequences were analyzed with DNASTAR,Bioedit,and MEGA4.Results The VP1 region was compared to that of the reference strain.EV71 in Tai'an was the C4a subgenotype,and 2 subgenotypes of CA16 were found.Conclusion EV71 in Tai'an was the C4a subgenotype,which is the predominant subgenotype in China.There were 2 subgenotypes of CoxA16,B1a and B1b.Findings indicated that there are different chains of transmission in the City of Tai'an that threaten public health.Surveillance should be enhanced and the regularity of outbreaks should be studied.
Spontaneous bacterial empyema in a non cirrhotic end stage renal disease patient with immunosuppression

Spontaneous Bacterial Empyema (SBEM) denotes infection of the pleural fluid in the absence of pneumonia. Almost all cases of SBEM in literature are described in a background of ascites secondary to cirrhosis. Contiguous spread of the infected ascitic fluid through defects in the diaphragm is the most likely mechanism of SBEM. Most of these cases are transudative in nature and are managed with antibiotics. Literature on SBEM in the absence of cirrhosis or ascites is very limited so far. We describe a 59 year old female with ESRD status post renal transplant, on chronic immunosuppression for renal allograft rejection who was admitted with pleuritic chest pain that turned to be secondary to right sided pleural effusion. Further evaluation revealed Escherichia coli in both the blood and pleural fluid. There was no clinical or imaging evidence of pneumonia as well as cirrhosis or ascites. She was managed as a case of SBEM requiring drainage by chest tube. Management of SBEM in non-cirrhotic individuals usually requires drainage with chest tube as against patients with liver cirrhosis with hepatic hydro-thorax in whom chest tube drainage is contraindicated for risk of massive protein and electrolyte depletion and dehydration.
The Romantic History of Laboratory Glassware

From ancient perfume vial to heat-proof, break-proof laboratory beaker, glassware has a long and colorful history. It is one of the oldest of Man's manufactured products...and one of the newest!
Cotton fabric derived hierarchically porous carbon and nitrogen doping for sustainable capacitor electrode

Abstract Cotton fabric has been processed into hierarchically porous carbon with a two-step chemical-free method, i.e. carbonization in nitrogen and controlled thermal oxidation in air. By optimizing thermal oxidation temperature, large surface area of 777 m2/g could be achieved in cotton fabric derived carbon. The processed carbon remained the micron-meter tubular structure (same as cotton fiber), while meso-/micro-pores were also generated on tube wall. This uniquely structured porous carbon was then doped with nitrogen via a thermal pyrolysis process by using melamine as nitrogen source. The nitrogen doping level was controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of melamine and porous carbon. The nitrogen content in the doped porous carbon could reach up to 9.0 atom% without sacrificing the porous structure and surface area. The nitrogen doping significantly improved the electrochemical capacitance up to 180 F/g at 0.5 A/g, which is 74% enhancement compared to the nitrogen-free carbon (104 F/g). Both origin carbon and nitrogen doped carbon show excellent cycling stability that 95% of the capacitance could be remained after 5000 charge-discharge cycles.
Cationic CH⋯π interactions as a function of solvation

The energy (ΔG) of a cationic CH⋯π interaction was measured experimentally through the conformational studies of new molecular torsion balances using proton NMR spectroscopy. Each of the molecular balance adopted folded and unfolded conformations for which the ratio of the conformational equilibrium (i.e., folded/unfolded ratio) provided a quantitative measure of the ΔG as a function of solvation. An excellent linear solvation energy relationship between the ΔG values and the Hunter's solvent hydrogen-bond parameters (αs and βs) revealed that electrostatic interaction is the physical origin of the observed conformational preferences in solution.