cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transport of Ammonium and Methylammonium Ions by Azotobacter vinelandii

Ammonium and methylammonium are rapidly taken up by cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii respiring in the presence of succinate. The rate of methylamine uptake increased with external pH from 5.5 to 7.5 but increasing the pH further to 8.5 had little effect on activity, indicating that methylammonium cation rather than uncharged methylamine is the permeant species. The kinetics of methylammonium entry followed the Michaelis-Menten relationship, yielding a Km of 25 μM and a Vmax of 3.8 nmol/min per mg of cell protein. At saturating concentrations ammonium was taken up at rates 30-fold higher than those for methylammonium. Ammonium was a competitive inhibitor of methylammonium uptake and gave an inhibition constant of 1 μM. Ammonium derivatives were inhibitors of methylammonium entry in order of effectiveness: hydrazine > methylhydrazine > formamidine > guanidine > dimethylamine > ethylamine; amides and amino acids did not block uptake. Likewise, metal cations inhibited in the order Tl+ > Cs+ > Rb+, whereas Na+, K+, and Li+ produced no significant effect. Methylammonium uptake was blocked in cells exposed to an uncoupler, p-trifluorome-thoxycarbonyl cyanide-phenyl hydrazone or gramicidin D, but not with dicyclo-hexylcarbodiimide or arsenate. Valinomycin stimulated methylammonium entry into cells in a K+-free medium but prevented entry in the presence of 10 mM K+. Monensin and nigericin had little effect on transport. These results indicate that methylammonium and ammonium ions enter A. vinelandii electrogenically via a specific transporter.
Methylphenidate, Atomoxetine, and Caffeine: A Primer for School Psychologists.

Abstract Knowledge of evidence-based pharmacological and psychosocial treatments is essential to carrying out roles and responsibilities within school-based practice. The purpose of this paper is to review the level of support for three psychotropic drugs reported in the literature to treat symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Prescription stimulants (methylphenidate-based), a prescription nonstimulant (atomoxetine), and a readily available/consumed stimulant (caffeine) are reviewed in the context of how they purportedly work to improve behavioral functioning and an overview of the state of research regarding their effects (i.e., adverse and beneficial) is provided. This review provides school psychologists with a summary of the strong empirical support for methylphenidate-based medication for treating ADHD symptoms and the importance of its consideration within a comprehensive treatment plan including ecological and behavioral treatments. In addition, more limited, yet emerging su...
Binding of bilirubin with lipid. A possible mechanism of its toxic reactions in mitochondria.

Binding of bilirubin with mitochondria, mitochondrial membranes, various cells, and cellular fragments resulted in a hypochromicity with a red shift of the absorption spectrum of bilirubin. It was found that the mitochondrial lipids rather than the proteins were involved in the binding. Isolated mitochondrial lipid and lipids from various other sources caused similar spectral changes of the bilirubin absorbance. Exogenous lipid could prevent the toxic effect of bilirubin on well defined mitochondrial reactions as did serum albumin. Washing of bilirubin-treated mitochondria with albumin restored their normal function to a considerable extent. These findings suggest that the binding of bilirubin with lipid alters the characteristics of mitochondrial membranes so that membrane-linked functions are impaired. In view of the lipophilic nature of bilirubin, this explanation might be considered as a mechanism of toxicity of bilirubin for cells in general.
Urologic Cancer Surveillance in Patients With Bladder Augmentation

Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is a surgical enlargement of the bladder, typically performed by suturing detubularized colon or ileum to the superior aspect of the bladder to achieve an increase in volume. Augmentation is a surgical procedure most commonly performed in patients with neurogenic bladder (NGB) who have failed other therapies. Surgical treatment has an advantage over medical therapy by permanently increasing the bladder capacity and decreasing bladder overactivity, which in turn reduces incontinence episodes and improves bladder compliance. In the long term, however, it is uncertain what risk of malignancy exists for these patients given that this augmentation is often performed when the patient is a child or young adult. This review will explore the current and past literature on the risk for malignancy in this population and the available data on the best way to follow these patients for bladder cancer. Based on the available literature, bladder cancer in the NBG patient is rare, but often presents at higher stage and has a greater risk of mortality than bladder cancer in the general population. Surveillance, in the form of yearly cystoscopy (±random biopsies) and urine cytology, has not been successful at detecting bladder cancer at low stage and has not proven a cost-effective strategy. Symptomatic patients should always undergo prompt evaluation with a high index of suspicion, but yearly screening in the asymptomatic patient is not currently recommended.
Effect of annual medic smother plants on weed control and yield in corn

Using spring-seeded smother plants for weed control could reduce the environmental impact of corn (Zea maps L.) production. Research was conducted to determine whether currently available medic (Medicago spp.) cultivars are adapted for use as smother plants in corn. In field experiments in 1992 at Becker and Rosemount, MN, Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. cv. Sava and Kelson were interseeded with corn at 0, 85, 260, or 775 seeds m -2 . In 1993, Sava and Kelson, along with M. polymorpha L. cv. Santiago and M. lupulina L. cv. George, were interseeded with corn at 260 seeds m -2 and N fertilizer was applied at 0, 84 (56 at Rosemount), or 168 kg ha -1 . Land equivalent ratios for corn and medic intercrops grown in 1992 were not > 1, indicating that corn and medics competed strongly for resources. Medics seeded with corn at a rate high enough to consistently suppress weeds (260 seeds m -2 ) reduced weed dry weight 14 wk after corn emergence by 69% at Becker and by 41% at Rosemount compared with monoculture corn. The same seeding rate reduced corn grain yield in weed-free plots by 21% at Becker and 15% at Rosemount compared with monoculture yields. In 1993, medic smother plants reduced weed dry weight more when grown in the 0 kg ha -1 N plots than in the 168 kg ha -1 N plots. Corn yield losses, however, were less severe in the 168 kg ha -1 N treatments than with 0 N. Annual medics managed as smother plants in corn effectively reduced weed biomass: however, additional research is needed to identify medic genotypes and smother plant management systems that reduce corn yields less than those we evaluated, and that provide more consistent weed suppression across environments..
TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SOME PARADOXES IN CAPITAL THEORY

Examples of reswitching (or double-switching), capital-reversal, and the apparent couterproductivity of thirft are widely supposed to cast doubt on the neoclassical theory of resource allocation and functional income distribution.1 The present paer tries to dispel this doubt, largely by insisting that “capital”– or however better we may lable the productive factor whose price is teh rate of interset – cannot be measured in purely physical terms. It has both time and value dimensions. In an economically relevant sense, its amount required in a physically specified production process does indeed depend partly on its own price. Supposed paradoxes arise from well-entrenched but mistaken prejudices in this regard.
Progress Report: The Center at Fifteen

Excerpt] The Center for Hospitality Research, publisher of this journal, is celebrating its fifteenth anniversary this year. Though we will note this occasion at the Cornell Hotel Society’s annual New York Hotel Show Reception, I wanted to offer a progress report to the readers who cannot be in New York in November. The Center began in 1992 when a young professor, Steve Carvell, now the Hotel School’s associate dean, brought the idea to the faculty. After the initial angst associated with all new ideas, the faculty agreed to endorse the idea and selected Professor Jack Corgel as the Center’s first director. Jack got the Center going by bringing in a number of partners and organizing a conference. After Jack stepped down in 1994, however, the Center struggled. By 2000 the Center had no partners, no conferences, and no research. Professor Cathy Enz took over the Center in fall 2000. With a goal of revitalizing the Center, she hired a small staff, including our director of corporate relations Joe Strodel, created an advisory board, began bringing in partners and data providers, developed the concept of Cornell Hospitality Reports, began funding summer research fellows, and began sponsoring the Center’s roundtables. In addition, under Cathy’s leadership the Center engaged Sage Publications to manage this journal, which we have just renamed the Cornell Hospitality Quarterly (CQ). Since Sage became our journal manager, CQ has increased its readership, decreased its acceptance rate (due to a stronger field of article submissions), and is now listed in the Thompson Scientific Journal Citation Index (as explained elsewhere in this issue by editor Linda Canina).
Order Quantities with Temporary Price Reductions

The temporary price-change problem is studied, in which the objective is to minimize discounted cash flows. As pointed out by Goyal in an earlier paper, only the cash transactions at purchase times (i.e. the payments for the goods and the ordering costs) were considered. The cash flows associated with `inventory maintenance' costs which occur more or less continuously over time were neglected, which changes the structure of the model. Examples of these costs include storage, insurance, record-keeping, deterioration and obsolescence costs. In this paper, these continuously generated cash flows are included in the analysis, thereby making the new model more applicable to practical situations. This model is of interest because order-quantity decisions often must be made under conditions of both temporary price reductions and/or imminent price increases. These changes occur frequently in practice.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator–mediated shedding of astrocytic low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein increases the permeability of the neurovascular unit

The low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein (LRP) is a member of the LDL receptor gene family that binds several ligands, including tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). tPA is found in blood, where its primary function is as a thrombolytic enzyme, and in the central nervous system where it mediates events associated with cell death. Cerebral ischemia induces changes in the neurovascular unit (NVU) that result in brain edema. We investigated whether the interaction between tPA and LRP plays a role in the regulation of the permeability of the NVU during cerebral ischemia. We found that the ischemic insult induces shedding of LRP's ectodomain from perivascular astrocytes into the basement membrane. This event associates with the detachment of astrocytic end-feet processes and the formation of areas of perivascular edema. The shedding of LRP's ectodomain is significantly decreased in tPA deficient (tPA−/−) mice, is increased by incubation with tPA, and is inhibited by the receptor-associated protein (RAP). Furthermore, treatment with either RAP or anti-LRP IgG results in a faster recovery of motor activity and protection of the integrity of the NVU following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Together, these results implicate tPA/LRP interactions as key regulators of the integrity of the NVU.
Variable NKG2 expression in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of rhesus monkeys.

SUMMARY To provide a basis for beginning to explore the CD94/NKG2 family of molecules in rhesus monkeys, we sought to characterize the expression of these inhibitory and activating cell signalling molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy rhesus monkeys. We developed and employed a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay to evaluate mRNA expression levels of nine NKG2 molecules in PBMCs from the monkeys. In addition to quantitating NKG2A, NKG2B, NKG2C2, NKG2C and NKG2D expression, mRNA expression of transmembrane-deleted forms of these molecules was also evaluated. Significant variability in NKG2 mRNA expression in the PBMCs was detected, with 15 unique NKG2 expression level profiles detected in a study of 15 monkeys. We also found that the ratio of the expressed levels of mRNA of the four NKG2 splice variants, NKG2A, NKG2B, NKG2AΔtm, and NKG2BΔtm, was variable between the monkeys as well as in an individual monkey over a period of 1·5 years. These findings indicate the dynamic nature of NKG2 mRNA expression in the rhesus monkey.
Fabrication and Thermal Conductivity Characterization of Polyetherimide Nanofoam

A number of analytical models exist to predict the thermal conductivity of foams; however, they do not consider the effect of pore size on the effective thermal conductivity. It is speculated that foams with smaller pore sizes would have much lower thermal conductivity owing to the Knudsen effect. This study aims at fabricating polymer nanofoams with pore sizes on the level of nanometers and to characterize their thermal conductivity. Polyetherimide (PEI) foams were fabricated using solid state foaming. Process parameters such as saturation pressure and duration, desorption time and foaming temperature were varied to obtain foams with pore sizes ranging from a few hundred nanometers to two microns. The microstructures of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Throughout the cross section of the foams, there exist regions with varying pore size and porosity. The effective porosity and thermal conductivity of the individual regions were determined based on a series model for effective thermal conductivity. It is confirmed that as the pore size is reduced while maintaining a fixed porosity, the thermal conductivity also decreases.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Chemically Induced Multiplet Electron−Nuclear Polarization in Zero and Low Magnetic Fields

We report the first observation of chemically induced electronic−nuclear multiplet spin polarization of transient radicals at very low and zero magnetic fields. Dimethoxyphosphonyl radicals, which have a hyperfine coupling constant of ∼70 mT, were produced in solution by photolysis of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphonic acid dimethyl ester. The radicals were detected using a modified L-band time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) setup. The polarization is very strong, and signals are easily detected with custom-built resonators that match or nearly match each electronic−nuclear transition. A theoretical description for the formation of this large polarization has been proposed and is found to be in good agreement with experimental data. TREPR spectra and time-resolved kinetics at low and high magnetic fields have been measured. Signals detected at high magnetic field decay an order of magnitude faster than do those at low field, which can be explained by field-dependent HFI-induced spin relax...
Fine structure of spermiogenesis in the elasmobranch fish Squalus suckleyi. I. Acrosome formation, nuclear elongation and differentiation of the midpiece axis.

Fine structural observations on early stages of spermiogenesis in Squalus suckleyi are described. A segment of the nuclear envelope near the Golgi bodycentriole complex becomes structurally modified for adhesion with the acrosomal vesicle, even before the latter organelle is formed. After acrosomal-nuclear adhesion at that site, the nucleus apparently rotates about 180° taking the acrosome to the pole opposite the flagellum. Nuclear envelope modification and a thick, fibrous, external coating, the fibrous nuclear sheath, spread over the nuclear surface from the site of acrosomal adherence during nuclear elongation. Intranuclear fibrils, initially oriented at random, become aligned longitudinally, then join to form anastomosing longitudinal sheets, which in turn become helically oriented before final condensation. Two filamentous bundles arise in connection with the centrioles and extend from the flagellar base to the posterior pole of the nucleus. These elements form the axial components of the midpiece. On the basis of striation pattern, length of repeating periodicity and morphological connection with the flagellum-forming centriole, the striated filament bundle is considered to be homologous to ciliary rootlets.
Applying Designer Feedback to Generate Requirements for an Intuitive Biologically Inspired Design Tool

This research provides a comparison of a set of Bio-Inspired Design (BID) tools to determine advantages and disadvantages of each, with particular focus on database-directed design processes. The result of this comparison is a set of beneficial attributes, discussed to develop requirements for formulating an effective BID tool. In this study, each tool is evaluated in terms of both the effectiveness of the concept generation process, and designer feedback concerning the effective elements. The comparison between tools uses concept sketches and feedback generated from a classroom of graduate and undergraduate engineering students. Over the course of a ten-week class, each BID technique was formally presented to the students. Following this presentation, students were given a new design problem and instructed to use the new BID technique to generate a set of solution concepts. Quantity of concepts generated was used to assess the goodness of each concept generation activity outcome, which forms one basis for comparing the different tools. In addition, questionnaires were used to assess and identify the various positive and negative elements of each BID tool.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Investigation of voltage breakdown in semi-insulating GaAs☆

Abstract The sharp transition to space-charge-limited current in semi-insulating GaAs, at the traps-filled-limit-voltage can lead to a loss of isolation between circuit elements in an integrated circuit. The transition voltage has been reported to be much lower than expected for the trap concentration in GaAs, and it has been suggested that another mechanism, perhaps impact ionization of impurities, is responsible. In this paper the results of measurements on undoped and chromium doped semi-conducting GaAs are described, which seem to rule out this possibility. The voltage breakdown in undoped semi-insulating GaAs was shown to vary as the square of distance, with electron injecting contacts. With hole injecting contacts no sharp breakdown was found, but rather, a transition from ohmic current to approximately a V 2 dependence. These results are consistent with the theory for space-charge-limited current in an insulator with traps, in which the Fermi level lies well above the trapping level. In chromium-doped semi-insulating GaAs, no sharp breakdown was found with either type of contact, indicating that the Fermi level lies close to the chromium level in this material. Fortunately, the voltage breakdown should not be a serious problem with chromium-doped semi-insulating GaAs substrates.
The effects of bleached and unbleached rosemary oleoresins on light-sensitized oxidation of soybean oil

Bleached and unbleached forms of a rosemary oleoresin (RO) in stripped and nonstripped soybean oil behave both as antioxidant and prooxidant in a light-induced oxidative system. At 0.02 and 0.05% levels, RO had the greatest antioxidant activity, while at 0.01 and 0.5% levels it had the highest prooxidant activity in both stripped and nonstripped soybean oil. Treatment of both soybean oil systems with tertiary butylhydroquinone controlled light-induced oxidation of the oil better than did the oleoresin treatments. The prooxidant activity of the 0.5% RO level was probably due to an excess of prooxidant components being carried into the oil at that level, whereas the reduced antioxidant activity at 0.01% was probably due to the low initial level of active antioxidant components being added to the oil.
unc-8, a DEG/ENaC Family Member, Encodes a Subunit of a Candidate Mechanically Gated Channel That Modulates C. elegans Locomotion

Abstract Mechanically gated ion channels are important modulators of coordinated movement, yet little is known of their molecular properties. We report that C. elegans unc-8 , originally identified by gain-of-function mutations that induce neuronal swelling and severe uncoordination, encodes a DEG/ENaC family member homologous to subunits of a candidate mechanically gated ion channel. unc-8 is expressed in several sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. unc-8 null mutants exhibit previously unrecognized but striking defects in the amplitude and wavelength of sinusoidal tracks inscribed as they move through an E. coli lawn. We hypothesize that UNC-8 channels could modulate coordinated movement in response to body stretch. del-1 , a second DEG/ENaC famly member coexpressed with unc-8 in a subset of motor neurons, might also participate in a channel that contributes to nematode proprioception.
A universal digital VLSI design for neural networks

Summary form only given. A universal digital VLSI design is proposed for implementing a wide variety of artificial neural networks. A programmable systolic array is presented based on a unified iterative neural network model, which maximizes the strength of VLSI in terms of intensive and pipelined computing and yet circumvents the limitation on communication. The array is meant for a universal simulation tool and neurocomputer architecture which can implement a variety of algorithms in both the retrieving and the learning phases of ANNs, e.g. single-layer feedback networks, competitive learning networks, multilayer feedforward networks, and stochastic neural networks. A fault-tolerance approach and partitioning scheme for large or nonhomogeneous networks are also proposed. >
Manipulating the Size and Dispersibility of Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles by Use of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Stabilizers

Zerovalent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles of various sizes were synthesized by applying various types of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer. At an initial Fe2+ concentration of 0.1 g/L and with 0.2% (w/w) of CMC (Mr = 90 000), nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 18.6 nm were obtained. Smaller nanoparticles were obtained as the CMC/Fe2+ molar ratio was increased. When the initial Fe2+ concentration was increased to 1 g/L, only 1/4 of the CMC was needed to obtain similar nanoparticles. On an equal weight basis, CMC with a greater Mr or higher D.S. (degree of substitution) gave smaller nanoparticles, and lower the synthesizing temperature favored the formation of smaller nanoparticles. It is proposed that CMC stabilizes the nanoparticles through the accelerating nucleation of Fe atoms during the formation of ZVI nanoparticles and, subsequently, forms a bulky and negatively charged layer via sorption of CMC molecules on the ZVI nanoparticles, thereby preventing the nanoparticles from agglomerat...
BDNF release from single cells elicits local dendritic growth in nearby neurons

In cultured neurons, the exogenous application of neurotrophins (in homogenous concentrations) alters many features of axonal and dendritic arbors. In vivo, however, release of endogenous neurotrophins from neuronal processes creates spatially heterogeneous neurotrophin distributions. To probe the consequences of such endogenous neurotrophin distribution, we produced 'donor neurons' in ferret cortex brain slices that co-expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and red fluorescent protein (RFP). Using two-photon microscopy, we analyzed their effects on 'recipient neurons' that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) alone. BDNF released from dendrites and cell bodies acted directly on nearby recipient neurons to increase dendritic branching in a distance-dependent manner. Three-dimensional analysis of donor and recipient dendrites indicated that the BDNF source had to be within 4.5 μm to induce dendritic growth in the recipient neuron. Thus, BDNF released from an individual cell alters the structure of nearby dendrites on an exquisitely local scale.
DEMONSTRATION OF BASAL CELL IMMUNOFLUORKSCENCE IN DRUG‐INDUCED TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS

Summary.— In 2 patients with toxic epidermal necrolysls due to penicillin and chlorpromazlne respectively, direct immunofluorescent studies revealed intercellular fixation of immunoglobulins and complement globulins confined to the basal cell Kiyer of the epidermis. These findings suggest that the drug binds to intercellular epidermal protein and that the basal cells are the target site of cellular damage in drug-induced epidermal necrolysls.
The Steady State Distribution Function of Dark Matter Particles in Galaxy Clusters: The Perseus Cluster as an Illustrative Example

High resolution X-ray data on the distribution of hot gas inside galaxy clusters, together with optical data on the galaxy distribution inside a cluster, provide information about the radial distributions of luminous and dark matter densities on scales of at least several cluster core radii. Assuming that dark matter (DM) particles form a collisionless self-gravitating system, we use these two distributions to derive the steady state distribution function of dark matter particles and study some properties of the ensemble. We show the following: (1) The distribution function of DM particles does not look Maxwellian. It depends on the distance to the center of the cluster, and it vanishes at finite values of particle velocity. (2) The ensemble of DM particles cannot be described by an "isothermal" sphere model. The velocity dispersion of DM particles decreases at large distance from the center of the cluster. (3) DM particles are distributed in a broad interval of energies, with the maximum of this distribution occurring at an energy approximately equal to twice the potential energy at the center of the cluster. (4) The ensemble of DM particles associated with the Perseus galaxy cluster is stable with respect to small short-wavelength perturbations.
Computational Study of Methane Activation by TpRe(CO)2 and CpRe(CO)2 with a Stereoelectronic Comparison of Cyclopentadienyl and Scorpionate Ligands

A computational investigation of metal-based C−H activation with complexes that possess scorpionate (i.e., tris(pyrazolyl)borate) and cyclopentadienyl ligands was reported. The model tris(azo)borate ligand (Tab; [HB(NNH)3]-) was created as an alternative to the parent tris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp). The Tab ligand was found to closely reproduce the structure and energetics of Tp in Re-mediated C−H activation of methane. Relative to separated reactants oxidative addition of methane to CpRe(CO)2 was exothermic, while the same transformations with TpRe(CO)2 and (Tab)Re(CO)2 were endothermic. The differences between the Tp and Cp systems were attributed primarily to steric effects. The reactivity differences between Tp and Cp drew attention to how each system would respond, sterically and electronically, to ring substitutions. TpRe(CO)3 complexes consistently had a broader νCO (a measure of electronic properties) and cone angle (a measure of steric bulk) range in comparison to CpRe(CO)3 congeners. While Cp was mo...
Resonances of two phonons from different dispersion branches

Abstract The study of two-phonon resonances is extended to include resonances of two phonons from different branches of the dispersion curve. The condition for forming a resonance as a sharp peak in the two-phonon spectrum is derived. When the ‘effective masses” of the two phonons are nearly equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign, a resonance can be created by a relatively small value of the anharmonic coupling.
Costs and returns for Macrobrachium grow-out in South Carolina, U.S.A.

Abstract Costs and returns for the grow-out phase of producing Macrobrachium were estimated for South Carolina using technical coefficients and yields based on research results from experimental ponds. For a module of ten ponds, each 0.41 ha in size, variable costs including feed, electricity, labor, fertilizer, repair and maintenance, and interest on operating capital represented 72% of total costs. Depreciation and interest on pond investment made up the remaining 28%. Total costs were estimated to be $984 per pond, or about $2.80/kg of tails. Feed made up 42% of the estimated total, labor comprised 16.5%, and depreciation amounted to almost 16% of the total. Based on 1976 yield data, net revenue per pond was - $62.16 while 1977 yields resulted in an estimated net return of $312.74 per pond. The difference between the 2 years is the result of better feed conversion and a greater proportion of larger sized prawns in 1977.
Hydrogen distribution, nanostructures and optical properties of high deposition rate hot-wire CVD a-Si:H

Nuclear magnetic resonance shows that under certain growth conditions hot-wire CVD a-Si:H grown at high rates contains a large amount of nanovoids.It was found that such nanovoids are filled with H gas and the nanovoids are elongated with the 2 along axis in the growth direction.Measured on the same samples photoluminescence (PL) showed that the tail-to-tail PL peak at 80 K was red-shifted significantly from 1.36 to 1.05 eV when the growth rate increases from 10 to 55 Ays.These studies ˚ indicate that the nanostructure is important to the behavior of PL in a-Si:H. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Leadership and uncertainty: complexity and the lessons of history

Abstract Problems faced by military leaders will be used to evaluate techniques for dealing with the limits of knowledge. A survey of recent scientific developments will establish that knowledge is limited in principle, and historical examples for coping with limited knowledge in practice will then be analyzed. The convergence between the science of complexity and successful cases of social evolution indicates that the limits of knowledge extend the frontiers of understanding. Concluding sections will briefly explore some ethical implications potentially useful to political and social leaders.
Web based medicine intake tracking application

One of the issues in healthcare systems or medical information systems is the reduction of medical errors to ensure patient safety. Inside an assistive environment, we apply RFID tags to monitor drug taking pattern and its consequences are reported to the care giver. This paper talks about an application which tracks the medicine intake pattern for the elderly using RFID readers and tags, motion sensors, and a wireless sensor mote. With the adoption of this ambient assistive technology in healthcare systems, the concept of heterogeneous sensor data management becomes an issue. In this paper, using a Web Based Caregiver Module makes the process of monitoring medicine intake for health-related matters of the elderly living alone simpler and easier. We also propose to use an energy efficient technique by using multiple sensor devices which employ a sequence of innetwork data fusion as needed.
Electrochemistry of catechol-containing flavonoids

Abstract The electrochemical properties of four structurally related flavonoids, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-rhamnose (quercitrin), quercetin-3-O-rutinose (rutin) and luteolin were investigated. These flavonoids were shown to undergo homogenous chemical reactions following oxidation at a glassy carbon electrode. These reactions were studied using cyclic voltammetry and rotating ring-disk voltammetry. Both first-order and zero-order processes were observed. The rate of the zero-order process was strongly dependent on the substituent at the C-3 position of the flavonoid. The rate of the first-order process was independent of substitution. Two products were observed using liquid chromatography. These products did not correspond to previously reported products of enzymatic oxidation. The products were not stable under conditions for isolation
An experimental technique to determine critical stress intensity factors for delamination initiation

Abstract Interfacial delamination is an important reliability concern in multilayered microelectronic packages. Local asymptotic solutions, based on linear elastic assumptions, are available for estimating the free-edge stress intensity factor (SIF). However, to be able to predict delamination initiation, it is necessary to determine the critical free-edge SIF. In this paper, an experimental method has been proposed and conducted to determine the critical free-edge SIF. The test is based on the simple and standard shear strength test, which is well specified by ASTM standard for surface mount components, as opposed to specially designed or complicated test apparatus and fixture. The critical free-edge SIF for copper/ViaLuxTM 81 photo-definable dry film PDDF interface has been determined with the proposed test method and calibrated using finite element analysis.
Stakeholder‐focused evaluation of an online course for health care providers

AbstractIntroduction:Different people who have a stake or interest in a training course (stakeholders) may have markedly different definitions of what constitutes “training success” and how they will use evaluation results.Methods:Stakeholders at multiple levels within and outside of the organizatio
Fundamentals of Cell Proliferation: Control of the Cell Cycle

Abstract Cell proliferation in higher eukaryotes is controlled by the extracellular environment and the state of differentiation. Many cells exist in a nondividing growth state termed quiescence. Some quiescent cells cannot proliferate and are said to be terminally differentiated. Others can be stimulated to divide in response to environmental signals or when cell replacement is needed. Finally, some cells undergo continual proliferation and differentiation. Growth regulatory factors generally act at specific stages of the cell cycle, most commonly during the first gap phase of the cell cycle. Once cells initiate DNA synthesis, they are generally committed to complete DNA replication. After DNA synthesis, additional signals determine whether cells in the last gap phase proceed through mitosis. In recent years, genes that appear to be critical for progression through the first two gap phases have been identified. Many are proto-oncogenes and therefore can neoplastically transform certain cells when mutated or inappropriately expressed. Growth factors that stimulate proliferation induce the expression of several proto-oncogenes; growth inhibitory factors often suppress proto-oncogene expression. As cells differentiate, the response to extracellular factors changes. In many cases, this may be due to intracellular controls that alter the response of certain proto-oncogenes to external signals.
One-Pot Syntheses of Immunostimulatory Glycolipids

Glycolipids containing α-linked galactosyl and glucosyl moieties have been shown to possess unique immunostimulatory activity creating a need for access to diverse and anomerically pure sources of these compounds for immunological studies. To meet this demand, glycosyl iodides were enlisted in the synthesis of these biologically relevant glycoconjugates. In the first-generation protocol, per-O-benzyl galactosyl iodide was efficiently coupled with activated sphingosine acceptors, but fully functionalized ceramides were found to be unreactive. To overcome this obstacle, per-O-trimethylsilyl glycosyl iodides were investigated and shown to undergo highly efficient coupling with ceramide and glycerol ester acceptors. Contrary to what has been observed with other donors, we detected little difference between the reactivity of glucosyl and galactosyl iodides. The trimethylsilyl protecting groups play a dual role in activating the donor toward nucleophilic attack while at the same time providing transient protect...
Simulation of a solar heating and cooling system

Abstract This paper presents thermal and economic analyses of a solar heated and air conditioned house in the Albuquerque climate. The system includes the following components: water heating collector, a water storage unit, a service hot water facility, a lithium bromide-water air conditioner (with cooling tower), an auxiliary energy source, and associated controls. The analysis of the thermal performance indicates the dependence of output on collector area (considered as the primary design variable) and shows, for example, the manner in which annual system efficiency decreases as collector area increases. Based on the computed thermal performance, cost estimates are made which show variations in annual cost as functions of collector area and costs of collector and fuel.
The regulation of T-cell cytokine production by ICOS-B7H2 interactions at the human fetomaternal interface.

The regulation of T-cell cytokine production by ICOS–B7H2 interactions at the human fetomaternal interface
Testosterone, Cortisol and Empathy: Evidence for the Dual-Hormone Hypothesis

The dual hormone hypothesis posits that basal cortisol and testosterone have a joint effect on motivational and behavioral systems implicated in dominance and aggres- sion, such that traits generally associated with high testosterone manifest more in indi- viduals with low basal cortisol levels. Whether this hypothesis applies to behavioral systems other than dominance remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the association between basal testosterone, basal cortisol, and empathy in a large population of MBA students. Empathy was assessed with a short version of the Davis's Interpersonal Reactivity Index and with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Higher testosterone was predictive of lower empathy scores among men and women with low basal cortisol, while this association was reversed among individuals with high cortisol levels. In other words, a high-testosterone profile was found to be predictive of both high and low empathic dispositions depending on the concomitant HPA state. The effect was limitedtoself-reportedempathyasnoassociationwasfoundwiththeRMET.Thispattern of results, which emerged when data for men and women were analyzed together, remained significant only for men when analyses were run separately for the two sexes. These results add empathy to the list of behaviors regulated by the joint action of testosterone and cortisol, as outlined by the dual hormone hypothesis.
Pacific health: an analysis for training new leaders.

History, economics, culture, and politics have created health systems that can no longer meet the health challenges in the Pacific. An analysis of the health situations in the region revealed health trends, health service deficiencies and the various issues that need to be addressed.The morbidity and mortality experience in the Pacific has been approaching that of the developed countries. The contributing factors to diseases and death have been changing but other health issues, such as matters pertaining to environmental sanitation, management, health information, food and nutrition, ethnic pluralism, colonialism, and technological arrogance, may exacerbate these experiences.To appropriately meet these constraints, the health services need reorientation. However, these need new types of health leadership. Doctors, being the most socially acceptable and politically powerful, should be trained for this new leadership role. This training must be guided by the biopsychosocial model to produce community health...
Radiation-Induced Gelation of Dilute Aqueous Pectin Solutions

The low-dose gamma irradiation of dilute aqueous pectin solutions after appropriate adjustment of pH with hydrochloric or certain other inorganic acids leads to the formation of thermoreversible gels. Maximum gel strength is attained only under optimum conditions of pH, concentration, temperature, radiation dose, and exposure time, and only in the absence of oxygen and a number of radiation protectants.
Simulating the degraded visual environment: aeromedical assistance to an HMD research program

In order to conduct helmet-mounted display (HMD) helicopter research flights in daylight, two versions of a simulated degraded visual environment (SDVE) were developed. SDVE-1 consisted of a tailored fire-retardant black cloth hood that is draped over the pilot's helmeted head and ventilated with a standard personal ventilator. While SDVE-1 successfully eliminated troublesome reflections, improved display readability, and was reasonably comfortable, pilots reported disturbing sensations of sensory deprivation and isolation. SDVE-2 combined colored filters on the hood and helicopter windscreen to allow the pilot a view of the cockpit interior while blocking light from the external environment. This system has been well accepted and has facilitated safe in- flight HMD research. Motion sickness remains an issue in HMD flight performance research.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Leaving the Streets: Transformation of Prostitute Identity Within the Prostitution Rehabilitation Program

This article examines the process of identity transformation among prostitutes immersed in the Prostitution Rehabilitation Program (PRP). I assess how residents transition from a deviant to a non-deviant identity by examining their talk (biographical reconstruction) and behavior (role embracement) through participant observation and in-depth interviews over an extended period of time. Departing from extant literature that focuses on identity change within rigidly structured organizations, I analyze a unique site, which contains two forms of organizational structures—total and quasi-total institutional settings. Within these contexts, I find former prostitutes move through three successive phases of change as they attempt to shed a deviant identity. Future studies will need to consider how varying organizational structures inhibit or facilitate this process.
Platelet satellitism as a cause of spurious thrombocytopenia.

![Figure][1] A 72-year-old male with a history of increasing dyspnea and weight loss underwent a chest X-ray that revealed a pulmonary mass and thus he was seen by pulmonary service for bronchoscopy. However, routine blood count showed a platelet count of 35 × 109/L with a normal hemoglobin
Dynamics of a Raman coupled model interacting with two quantized cavity fields.

We describe the dynamics of an exactly solvable Raman coupled model interacting with two modes of a quantized cavity electromagnetic field. The model consists of a three-level atom in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration whose excited state is considered to be far off resonance and is adiabatically eliminated. The effective Hamiltonian for this system contains products of the transition operators between the two ground-state levels and a field annihilation operator from one mode and a creation operator from the other. This Hamiltonian provides an example of a zero-photon process. We study the atomic inversion and investigate the production of nonclassical effects such as antibunched light, violations of the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, and squeezing.
Characterization of Kovar-Pyrex anodically bonded samples : a new packaging approach for MEMS devices

The ability to anodically bond Kovar to Pyrex 7740 significantly expands the packaging approaches available for MEMS devices. This technique greatly simplifies and reliably interconnects micropropulsion MEMS components (thrusters, valves) with the attached propellant system.
Assessing The Factor Structure Invariance Of Self-Concept Measurement Across Ethnic And Gender Groups: Findings From A National Sample:

This study investigated the degree of factor structure invariance of self-concept measurement across ethnic and gender groups. The National Educational Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS: 88) data w...
Sleep-Terror Disorder in Children: The Role of Self-Hypnosis in Management

Abstract This paper describes four children, ages 8 to 12 years, with frequent, prolonged, or dangerous disorders of arousal. None had any significant psychological or behavioral problems. Each had a polysomnogram that showed sudden arousals out of slow-wave sleep associated with complex behavior. All responded to a short course of imipramine, 20 to 60 mg at bedtime, followed by and in conjunction with training in relaxation and mental imagery (self-hypnosis). Once the correct diagnosis was made, the treatment strategy was to (1) demystify the symptom complex through education, (2) establish prompt control of the symptoms with the use of imipramine, (3) train the children in self-regulation with self-hypnosis, and (4) discontinue the medication while maintaining control of the arousals. Over a 2–3 year follow-up all children remain asymptomatic. This is the first report of successful use of self-hypnosis for the treatment of polysomnogram-proven disorders of arousal in the pediatric population. Also repor...
Quality assessment and improvement in bariatric surgery

4 “ v b t w I would like to dedicate my talk to the late John Halvrson, a founder of our Society, a believer in the topic I am oing to present today, and a good friend. I would also like o dedicate this talk to my wonderful patients who gave me 5 years of satisfaction in caring for them and fulfilling my eason to become a physician and surgeon. I would also like o thank my patients for their support of our clinical studies, s well as patients from many other groups, that have rovided the data for the unquestionable effectiveness of ariatric surgery. I would also like to thank my colleagues t Virginia Commonwealth University, many of whom are ere today, in particular, our awesome nurse coordinator, nd program chair for American Society for Bariatric Surery (ASBS) Allied Health, Jill Meador. Jill organizes our onthly patient support group meetings and our weekly reoperative patient sessions. She is with us in our clinics nd was responsible for organizing our Center of Excellence ite visit. She is indispensable. Jan Starkey, a superb dietiian, is also here today. She was one of the two registered ietitians who were co-authors of our randomized prospecive trial of gastric bypass versus vertical banded gastrolasty and partially responsible for the “sweets eaters” efect noted after gastric bypass. Our statistician, Luke Wolfe, eveloped and maintains our database; his statistical knowldge has been invaluable in assessing the efficacy, both ood and bad, of our surgical procedures. I also want to hank my surgical colleagues, John Kellum, who has orked with me since the early days, and Eric DeMaria who s leaving us to head further south and direct the Bariatric rogram at Duke University Medical Center, as well as any others in our Division who are not here today. Then here are our former residents and fellows: Giselle Hamad,
Feminization and Marginalization

The important diversity of indigenous medical systems around the world suggests that gender issues, well understood for Western science, may differ in significant ways for non-Western science practices and are an important component in understanding how social dimensions of women's health care are being transformed by global biomedicine. Based on ethnographic research conducted with formally trained women Ayurvedic doctors in Nepal, I identify important features of medical knowledge and practice beneficial to women patients, and I discuss these features as potentially transformed by modernizing health care development. The article explores the indirect link between Ayurveda's feminization and its marginalization, in relation to modern biomedicine, which may evolve to become more direct and consequential for women's health in the country.