cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transnationalism as a New Mode of Immigrant Labor Market Incorporation: Preliminary Evidence from Chinese Transnational Migrants

Extending the three now well-known modes of immigrant labor market incorporation formulated by sociologist Alejandro Portes in 1981, this article proposes that transnationalism can be viewed as a new mode of immigrant labor market incorporation in the age of globalization. The article conceptualizes this new mode of immigrant incorporation and illustrates it with data from unstructured interviews of Chinese transnational migrants in the US and in China. It is found that the transnational mode of incorporation often offers Chinese transnational migrants business and career opportunities and rewards not available in other modes of incorporation, although it sometimes involves risks, uncertainties, and difficulties. Chinese transmigrants with a higher initial social standing, an advanced training, and a dense network are more likely to experience upward social mobility than those without such advantages. Implications of the arguments and findings are also discussed.
Does everybody like a liker

Abstract The primary hypothesis examined was that people giving positive evaluations are themselves regarded as more attractive than when they give negative evaluations. This research tests whether this holds when reciprocity is not at issue. Subjects in six experiments were presented with stimulus persons who varied in the proportion of positive to negative evaluations they gave of various attitude objects (political figures, cafeteria workers, cities, movies, and college courses). Giving predominantly positive evaluations did in fact lead to greater liking of the stimulus person in each experiment. This finding held over (1) audio or written interviews with the stimulus persons, (2) a variety of classes of attitude objects, and (3) both within-subject and between-subject designs. Greater liking for likers occurred even controlling for attitude similarity.
Depolymerization of polysaccharides through the generation of free radicals at a platinum surface: a novel procedure for the controlled production of free-radical oxidations.

Abstract Electrical cells were devised to investigate aspects of the free-radical degradation of alginic and hyaluronic acids by l -ascorbic acid. By partitioning autoxidant and polysaccharide in separate electrode compartments, it was possible to induce depolymerization of the carbohydrate. Contaminating metals in the phosphate buffer were shown to serve as electron carriers in the absence of an addition of such mediators. More efficient depolymerization resulted when an external source of dc voltage was used in place of the electrode potential generated by the autoxidant. Addition of Fe(III) as the EDTA complex accentuated the degradation. Ferrous ion was detected at the cathode of the cell; hydrogen peroxide was observed to form at low concentrations, and to disappear at high concentrations from the solution. Depolymerization of the sugar acids is thought to result from the cyclic reduction and autoxidation of iron ions. Depolymerization, normally followed by increase in the specific fluidity of the polymer solution, was accompanied by generation of reducing properties.
Beyond Raw IP: MUOS Architecture as a Platform for Future Services

The widespread migration of communication solutions away from circuit-switched architectures to "IP" represents a profound paradigm shift in the way that features and services are conceived, developed and deployed. The basic Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity unifies the method in which various components communicate with one another irrespective of their lower layer transport technologies or higher layer applications. Mobile User Objective System (MUOS), which is a global, satellite-based communication network replacing the legacy UHF Follow-On (UFO) system, features an all-IP architecture where properly layered protocols at given node implement a feature or service. The precise set and configuration of end-user features is dependent on the chosen implementation of the terminal, which allows tailoring of services to the application. The implementation of the underlying radio network leverages proven commercial products - specifically, the 3rd generation (3G) Wide Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) radio interface which has been customized to meet the specific system requirements, as well as the constraints of satellite radio links. Though global in reach, MUOS comprises only a handful of facilities and utilizes Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) services for backbone IP communication. Leveraging the latest commercial technologies allows MUOS to adapt existing products and services to speed up implementation of a design that not only meets the current set of requirements, but also provides a platform for the future. Commonality of design with the commercial world will result in the possibility to both provide new services and enhance the existing ones with emerging technologies.
Drug use and nephrotoxicity in the intensive care unit.

Patients cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU) undergo multiple interventions to treat serious medical conditions. In addition to the acute illness being treated, underlying chronic conditions require ongoing drug therapy. As a result, these patients are exposed to numerous pharmaceutical agents, many of which have narrow therapeutic windows and toxic potential. Comorbid conditions, altered drug pharmacokinetics, and drug–drug interactions further enhance the risk for both drug overdosing and underdosing and adverse medication effects. Underdosing is complicated by reduced efficacy, whereas overdosing results in various end-organ toxicities. One such complication is acute kidney injury (AKI), a relatively common problem in the ICU, which results from multiple insults. Importantly, potentially nephrotoxic medications contribute significantly to the development of AKI. In view of these issues, it is crucial that clinicians caring for these patients use appropriate drug dosing based on the knowledge of altered pharmacokinetics, vigilant monitoring of drug efficacy and toxicity, recognition of drugs with nephrotoxic potential, and early identification of drug-induced AKI when it develops.
Evaluation of a CXCR4 antagonist in a xenograft mouse model of inflammatory breast cancer.

CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, being important in the homing of cancer cells to lungs, bone and other organs, is a promising therapeutic target. Our purpose was to determine whether a peptide-based antagonist of CXCR4 would reduce primary tumor growth and/or metastasis in a preclinical mouse model of inflammatory breast cancer. We improved an existing model of inflammatory breast cancer for this study by luciferase transfection of SUM149 cells and the monitoring of such cells in mice by imaging and the luciferase assay. We implanted 2 x 10(6) SUM49-Luc cells along with matrigel into the left thoracic mammary fat pad of nude mice to produce tumors. Our mouse model exhibited important features of inflammatory breast cancer, namely, aggressive local disease, local metastases and distant metastases. To evaluate the efficacy of a CXCR4 antagonist CTCE-9908, by itself or in combination with paclitaxel, we treated groups of ten mice each with CTCE-9908 (25 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously 5 days/week), control peptide SC-9908, paclitaxel (10 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously twice a week), and CTCE-9908 plus paclitaxel concurrently. We assessed all mice weekly by whole-body luciferase imaging to quantify relative primary tumor burden and distant metastases. At the end of the experiment, we quantified primary tumors by weight and lung metastases by luciferase activity assay on tissue lysates. Paclitaxel, a known chemotherapeutic, inhibited primary tumor growth in our model (P 0.05). However, CTCE-9908 as a single therapy inhibited organ-specific metastasis to leg (P < 0.05 by chi-squared test and by two-sample t-test).
Non-collegial simple games and the nowhere denseness of the set of preference profiles having a core

In recent papers, somewhat conflicting results on the generic emptiness of the core have been proven. Rubinstein (1979) has shown that the core is generically empty in the Kannai topology even without a restriction on the dimensionality of the alternative space. Schofield (1980) finds the core generically empty in the Whitney-C∞ topology, but requires a dimensionality condition. This note explores the apparent conflict by proving a generalization of Rubinstein's result for the Whitney-C0 topology, and showing that the result does not extend to the Whitney-C1 topology without a dimensionality condition.
The effects of processing conditions on the density and microstructure of hot-pressed silicon powder

Silicon powder was hot pressed into polycrystalline wafers 1.5 in (∼ 3.8 cm) diameter using various processing conditions. The submicrometre powder used was a by-product of the fluidized bed decomposition process of silane (SiH4) in the production of silicon pellets. The effect of temperature (1250–1300°C), pressure (2000–3000 p.s.i.; 13.18–20.67 N mm−2) and ambient (argon, hydrogen, vacuum) on the density of the hot-pressed powder was studied. All wafers processed had densities >92% of the theoretical density of silicon as determined by Archimedes' density measurements. Hydrogen was found to increase the densification rate of powdered silicon. The mechanism by which this occurs is believed to be the reduction of the native oxide layer of the powders resulting in increased surface transport. The microstructure of the polycrystalline wafers was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The general microstructure of the polycrystalline wafers consisted of micrometre-sized grains with twins, stacking faults, and dislocations within the grains. However, under hot-pressing conditions of 1300 °C, 2000 p.s.i., and a hydrogen ambient, the grains of the wafer were on the order of 1 mm. The silicon wafers contained iron, aluminium, carbon and oxygen impurities as determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy.
Thermal expansion of solids: a simple classical model

The usual textbook derivation of the thermal expansion of solids based on the Taylor expansion of the interatomic potential is re-examined. It is shown that the simple theory presented in textbooks not only fails at low temperatures, but that the seemingly reasonable high-temperature result is fortuitous. An alternative classical model is presented, which is based on calculating the time-averaged interatomic distance as a function of temperature. The model is applied to the case of solid argon, as an example, to show the excellent agreement with experiment. Since simple numerical computations form an integral part of the undergraduate physics curriculum, this model presents an attractive alternative to the current treatments in the elementary textbooks. Abstrakt. Vi har undersokt den i larobockerna vanliga derivationen av termisk expansion av amnen i fast form som ar grundad pa Taylors serieexpansion av den interatomiska potensen. Vi vill visa att denna enkla teori inte bara ar felaktig vid laga temperatur men dessutom att resultatet vid hoga temperaturer har framkommit genom en slump. Har presenteras alltsa en ny klassisk modell vilken grundats pa berakningen av medelvardet av den interatomiska distansen over tid som en funktion av temperatur. Modellen anvander argon i fast form som ett exempel for att pavisa den tydliga overensstammelsen i experimenten. Eftersom enkla numeriska berakningar ar en vasentlig dal av studieplanen sa innebar den nya modellen en klar forbattring av textboksinnehallet.
An Efficient Method for Large-Scale Synthesis of Stereochemically Defined and Conformationally Constrained β-Substituted or α,β-Disubstituted Amino Acids

In our continuing efforts to design and synthesize conformationally constrained peptides to understand the interactions between receptors and ligands, a wide range of sterically constrained amino acids are needed [1]. As a part of our efforts in this area, we have developed a systematic practical method for preparation of conformationally constrained novel amino acids in gram quantities. Starting from chiral nickel (II) complexes containing a glycine or alanine moiety, which were prepared from commercially available materials, alkylations with the corresponding alkyl halides followed by routine work-up, provide the target amino acids in good overall yields and excellent optical purity [2–7].
Clonal derivation of a rat muscle cell strain that forms contraction-competent myotubes

A muscle cell strain capable of forming contracting myotubes was isolated from an established rat embryo cell line. The myogenic cells, termed rat myoblast omega or RMo cells, have a diploid complement of chromosomes (n=42). In the presence of mitogen-containing growth medium, RMo cells proliferated with a cell generation time of about 12 hours. In mitogen-depleted medium, RMo cells withdrew from the cell cycle and formed myotubes that spontaneously contracted. Differentiated RMo cells produced creatine kinase isozymes in a ratio characteristic of skeletal muscle cells. RMo cells were easy to cultivate. Cells proliferated and differentiated equally well on gelatin-coated or noncoated culture dishes, at clonal or mass culture densities, and in all basal media tested. In most experiments, growth medium consisted of horse serum-containing medium supplemented with either chicken embryo extract or FGF activity; cells proliferated equally well in medium containing unsupplemented calf serum. RMo cells differentiated if growth medium was not replenished regularly. Alternatively, differentiation was induceable by incubation in mitogen-depleted medium consisting of basal medium supplemented either with 10−6 M insulin, 0.5% serum, or 50% conditioned growth medium. RMo cells were competently transformed with cloned exogenous genes. Because it forms functional myofibrils, the RMo cell line constitutes a useful model system for studying the cell biology and biochemistry of proteins involved in contractile apparatus assembly and muscle disease.
The free radical flux theory of sleep

A theory of sleep is proposed in which cerebral free radicals accumulate during wakefulness and are removed during sleep. Removal of excess free radicals during sleep is accomplished by decreased rate of formation of free radicals, and increased efficiency of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. Thus, sleep functions essentially as an antioxidant for the brain.
Comorbidity of alcohol and anxiety disorders among college students: effects of gender and family history of alcoholism.

We evaluated the effects of gender and family history for alcoholism on the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and alcohol disorders ("comorbidity") in a large university student sample (N = 489). A structured diagnostic interview was used to elicit life-time histories of anxiety disorder (29%) and alcohol disorder (26%). The proportion of subjects receiving an alcohol diagnosis was significantly greater among those with an anxiety diagnosis (39% vs. 21%). Male subjects, as well as those with a parental history of alcoholism, had a significantly greater base-rate of alcohol disorder than did other subjects. However, these factors did not affect the relative increase in risk for an alcohol disorder associated with the presence of an anxiety disorder; that is, these factors did not interact with (i.e., moderate) comorbidity risk. In discussing these results, we emphasize issues relevant to identifying and distinguishing between interaction effects and base-rate effects in comorbidity studies.
Digital Manufacturing of Implant Based Dental Restorations

Traditional methods of producing dental bars for overdentures involve tedious and time-consuming operations that demand substantial human labor and demanding skills. Though there exist several CAD/CAM systems that have been developed for various dental restorations like bridges, crowns, etc., there exists no commercial CAD/CAM system at present for design and fabrication of dental restorations for missing multiple teeth. In the research described in the present paper, CAD models of dental bars for implant-retained dental restorations were used as input for three types of fabrication processes: rapid prototyping followed by investment casting, CNC milling, and direct digital manufacturing. Details of material and process combinations and results of comparing these three types of processes, including an analysis on dimensional accuracy, are discussed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Predicting genetics achievement in nonmajors college biology

Students enrolled in a non-majors college biology course were pretested to determine their level of intellectual development, degree of field independence, mental capacity, amount of prior genetics knowledge, and amount of fluid intelligence. They were then taught a unit on Mendelian genetics. The only student variables found to not account for a significant amount of variance on a test of reading comprehension and/or a test of genetics achievement was amount of prior genetics knowledge. Developmental level was found to be the most consistent predictor of performance, suggesting that a lack of general hypothetico-deductive reasoning ability is a major factor limiting achievement among these students.
SHIRLEY SILVER & WICK R. MILLER , American Indian languages: Cultural and social contexts . Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1997. Pp. xxi, 433. Hb $60.00.

The authors of this book were senior figures in the cohort of students who pursued American Indian linguistics under the direction of the late Mary Haas at Berkeley starting in the 1950s and 60s. In 1994, while the present work was being prepared for publication, Miller – the unquestioned dean of Uto-Aztecan linguistic studies – died tragically as a result of a bicycle accident in Mexico. The volume was seen through the press by Silver, an area specialist in Native Californian languages. As it now stands, the book is a fitting reminder of the richness of the “Berkeley tradition” in which the authors were trained; it is also an appropriate memorial to Miller's life and achievements.
Optimal periodic location area update for mobile telecommunications networks

A normal location area update (NLAU) and a periodic location area update (PLAU) schemes are adopted in 3GPP specifications for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System to detect presence of mobile stations. In this paper, we compare the NLAU scheme, the PNLAU (NLAU+PLAU) scheme, and a dynamic PNLAU scheme in terms of signaling and initial trunk setup cost. We analytically model cost functions of these schemes per checkpoint event. Optimality issues of the PNLAU have been studied, and optimal values are derived. The first optimality issue is to minimize the total cost of signaling and failure call setup. The second optimality issue is to minimize the signaling cost with an upper bound on failure call setup probability. Simulations are carried out to validate against analytical results.
Synchronization of networked higher-order nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics

Synchronization of networked higher-order nonlinear systems with an active leader is considered. For each node, the system has unknown dynamics and unknown external disturbances. The non-autonomous nonlinear dynamics of the leader node is unknown to all the other nodes. The communication network studied in this paper is a weighted directed graph with fixed topology, and it is assumed to be strongly connected. Using neural network technique for controllers of each node to compensate the unknown dynamics, and introducing sliding mode errors to lower the order of the system, we propose a robust adaptive control law, which is totally distributed. Under this control law, all nodes are ultimately synchronized to the leader node with residual errors. Rigorous proof and simulation results justify the effectiveness of the designed control law.
Leadership, Coordination, and Corporate Culture

What is the role of leaders in large organizations? We propose a model in which a leader helps to overcome a misalignment of followers’ incentives that inhibits coordination, while adapting the organization to a changing environment. Good leadership requires vision and special personality traits such as conviction or resoluteness to enhance the credibility of mission statements and to eectively rally agents around them. Resoluteness allows leaders to overcome
A role for topographic cues in the organization of collagenous matrix by corneal fibroblasts and stem cells.

Human corneal fibroblasts (HCF) and corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) each secrete and organize a thick stroma-like extracellular matrix in response to different substrata, but neither cell type organizes matrix on tissue-culture polystyrene. This study compared cell differentiation and extracellular matrix secreted by these two cell types when they were cultured on identical substrata, polycarbonate Transwell filters. After 4 weeks in culture, both cell types upregulated expression of genes marking differentiated keratocytes (KERA, CHST6, AQP1, B3GNT7). Absolute expression levels of these genes and secretion of keratan sulfate proteoglycans were significantly greater in CSSC than HCF. Both cultures produced extensive extracellular matrix of aligned collagen fibrils types I and V, exhibiting cornea-like lamellar structure. Unlike HCF, CSSC produced little matrix in the presence of serum. Construct thickness and collagen organization was enhanced by TGF-s3. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the polycarbonate membrane revealed shallow parallel grooves with spacing of 200–300 nm, similar to the topography of aligned nanofiber substratum which we previously showed to induce matrix organization by CSSC. These results demonstrate that both corneal fibroblasts and stromal stem cells respond to a specific pattern of topographical cues by secreting highly organized extracellular matrix typical of corneal stroma. The data also suggest that the potential for matrix secretion and organization may not be directly related to the expression of molecular markers used to identify differentiated keratocytes.
Auto-titrating versus fixed continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review with meta-analyses

Background Obstructive sleep apnea is a relatively common disorder that can lead to lost productivity and cardiovascular disease. The form of positive airway treatment that should be offered is unclear.
Industrialization Meets Globalization: Uncertain Reflections on East Asian Experience

The efficacy of export-led industrialization in the hyper-successful East Asian economies depended in no small measure on the forces that drove globalization. These forces fueled transfers of technology in unprecedented volumes and by innovative means in a variety of industries, including those at the frontiers of global technological change. The successful exploitation of these transfers would not have been possible without purposeful, aggressive actions of the part of the recipient firms in order to realize the increased technological capabilities that they enabled. Firms were incited to undertake these activities by conducive, neoclassical policies which were crucially augmented with selective interventions that fostered rapid technological development. Owing to significant uncertainties about the future course of the global economy, comprehension of the ingredients of past success does not suffice to state the recipe for future success, but it is sufficient to identify the key areas of concern for future policy making.
Parameters controlling the programmed death of mature mouse T lymphocytes in high-dose suppression

We have characterized parameters of both T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that influence high-dose suppression due to apoptosis. Blockade of interleukin-2 (IL-2) utilization is shown to inhibit both proliferation and the ensuing death. An analysis of sublines of a mature T cell clone demonstrates a correlation between IL-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2R) induction, increased proliferation, and greater suppression at high antigen doses. Profound loss of cells at high antigen dose was found to require at least 48 to 72 hr to develop. Antigen add-back experiments showed that strong T cell receptor reengagement of activated, cycling cells was essential for proliferative suppression and cell loss. Increasing the ratio of APC:T lymphocytes to 50:1 augmented cell death. For antigen-induced death of lymph node T cells, fresh T-depleted splenocytes were more effective than splenocytes that had been irradiated or treated with mitomycin C. Thus, T lymphocyte apoptosis at high antigen doses is a function of the activation response of the T lymphocyte as well as the efficiency of antigen presentation by the APC. These results strengthen the theory that apoptosis takes part in a feedback regulatory mechanism that has been called propriocidal regulation, which limits T cell expansion at high antigen doses.
Fully Packaged 4-bit 100 ps RFMEMS Time Delay

This paper presents results of a fully packaged RFMEMS 4-bit, 100-ps capacitive time delay. The time delays are packaged using wafer scale low-loss and broad-band packaging technology developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT-LL). The 4-bit 100 ps time delay has 1.8 dBplusmn1 dB insertion loss from 5-20 GHz.
The Measurement of Ventricular Wall Thickening Using Scattered and Fluorescence Radiation

A new technique for the simultaneous measurement of left ventricular epicardial and endocardial wall dynamics is presented. X-rays scattered from the surface of the heart are used to monitor motion at the epicardial surface and iodine fluorescence induced in the blood pool is used to monitor motion of the endocardium. Continuous wall thickness measurements throughout the cardiac cycle are obtained.
Vemurafenib (PLX4032, Zelboraf®), a BRAF Inhibitor, Modulates ABCB1-, ABCG2-, and ABCC10-Mediated Multidrug Resistance

In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of vemurafenib, a specific inhibitor of V600E mutated BRAF enzyme, on the response of cells overexpressing the ATP binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters ABCG2, ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCC10. Vemurafenib, at 5 µM and 20 µM, produced a significant concentration-dependent increase in the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in cells overexpressing ABCB1 and ABCC10 and mitoxantrone in cells overexpressing ABCG2. Vemurafenib also significantly enhanced the accumulation of paclitaxel in cell lines overexpressing ABCB1 and ABCC10. Vemurafenib significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of mitoxantrone in cells overexpressing ABCG2. In contrast, vemurafenib did not significantly alter the sensitivity of ABCC1 overexpressing HEK/ABCC1 cells to vincristine. Finally, as determined by Western blotting, vemurafenib (20 µM) did not significantly alter the expression of the proteins for ABCG2, ABCC10 or ABCB1. Thus, vemurafenib most likely reverses multidrug resistance by altering the transport function of these aforementioned ABC transporters, as opposed to affecting the expression of ABC proteins. The docking analysis of vemurafenib with the ABCB1 homology model also suggested that vemurafenib binds to the ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug binding site. These findings suggest that combination of specific inhibitors like vemurafenib with chemotherapeutic drugs may be used to overcome multidrug resistance in cells that overexpress ABCB1, ABCC10 and/or ABCG2 transporters.
The acidic activation domains of the GCN4 and GAL4 proteins are not α helical but form β sheets

The most common class of activation domains, the so-called acidic activators, has been proposed either to adopt an amphipathic alpha-helical structure or to exist as unstructured "acid blobs." However, genetic analysis of an acidic activation domain in the yeast GAL4 protein has suggested that the structure of the activation region is a beta sheet. To distinguish between these models, we conducted a biophysical analysis of peptides corresponding to the yeast GAL4 and GCN4 acidic activation domains. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that the peptides are not alpha helical, but that they can undergo a transition to a structure that is almost 100% beta sheet in character in slightly acidic solution. We also show that the artificial acidic activator AH has structural properties that are markedly different from the natural GAL4 and GCN4 domains and does not adopt a beta-rich structure at reduced pH.
Admissibility in blind adaptive channel equalization

A tutorial survey is presented of an open problem, namely, the admissibility of the memory-less-error-function class of blind adaptive channel equalizers. The problem is treated in a manner that stresses control engineering, rather than communications engineering, terminology. A simple, simulated experiment is set up and referred to throughout. It is used to illustrate intersymbol interference and its removal by a cascaded (fixed) equalizer approximating the inverse channel dynamics followed by a nearest-element decision device. Then, a training signal is assumed to be available at the receiver, and a traditional, prediction-error-based adaptive algorithm (i.e. LMS) is applied, and its parameter estimates observed. The two most widely studied adaptive algorithms for blind channel equalization are then considered. >
Power Analyses for Negative Binomial Models with Application to Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trials

We use negative binomial (NB) models for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain lesion count data from parallel group (PG) and baseline versus treatment (BVT) trials for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, and describe the associated likelihood ratio (LR), score, and Wald tests. We perform power analyses and sample size estimation using the simulated percentiles of the exact distribution of the test statistics for the PG and BVT trials. When compared to the corresponding nonparametric test, the LR test results in 30–45% reduction in sample sizes for the PG trials and 25–60% reduction for the BVT trials.
Computer Simulation of Vinyl Polymerization:: Exercises in Critical Thinking Using SOLVE

Computer simulation is a useful tool to illustrate important topics through critical thinking. We describe herein a two-part exercise using the problem solving language SOLVE to investigate free-radical polymerization kinetics and the composition of free-radical copolymers.
The quotidianisation of the war in everyday life at German schools during the First World War

AbstractThe outbreak of the First World War had a powerful impact on German schools. Undoubtedly, schools were institutions of socialisation that did offer support to the war. Indeed, research has shown that a specific “war pedagogy” made an aggressive propaganda possible in the classroom. This research usually emphasises the enthusiasm for war that swept up teachers and students in schools, as in the rest of the population, in the first few months of the war. However, this emphasis on the war frenzy obscures the fact that schools were not easily transformed into war institutions. Even if schools made a great effort to align themselves with the war effort, they remained independent associations, and soon after 1914, a quotidianisation (akin to routinisation) arose within the schools. To date, source materials that show this lack of influence of wartime propaganda on schools have only been analysed in terms of what they reveal about the deprivations and hardships of schools during the war. However, records...
Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Systemic Insecticides to Emerald Ash Borer Larvae.

Emerald ash borer ( Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding insect native to Asia, threatens at least 16 North American ash ( Fraxinus ) species and has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees in landscapes and forests. We conducted laboratory bioassays to assess the relative efficacy of systemic insecticides to control emerald ash borer larvae in winter 2009 and 2010. Second- and third-instar larvae were reared on artificial diet treated with varying doses of emamectin benzoate (TREE-age, Arborjet, Inc., Woburn, MA), imidacloprid (Imicide, J. J Mauget Co., Arcadia, CA), dinotefuran (Safari, Valent Professional Products, Walnut Creek, CA), and azadirachtin (TreeAzin, BioForest Technologies, Inc., Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and Azasol, Arborjet, Inc., Woburn, MA). All of the insecticides were toxic to emerald ash borer larvae, but lethal concentrations needed to kill 50% of the larvae (LC50), standardized by larval weight, varied with insecticide and time. On the earliest date with a significant fit of the probit model, LC50 values were 0.024 ppm/g at day 29 for TREE-age, 0.015 ppm/g at day 63 for Imicide, 0.030 ppm/g at day 46 for Safari, 0.025 ppm/g at day 24 for TreeAzin, and 0.027 ppm/g at day 27 for Azasol. The median lethal time to kill 50% (LT50) of the tested larvae also varied with insecticide product and dose, and was longer for Imicide and Safari than for TREE-age or the azadirachtin products. Insecticide efficacy in the field will depend on adult and larval mortality as well as leaf and phloem insecticide residues.
An Assessment of the Flux Profile Method for Determining Air–Sea Momentum and Enthalpy Fluxes from Dropsonde Data in Tropical Cyclones

AbstractAn analysis of the reliability of using dropsonde profile data to compute surface flux coefficients of momentum and heat is performed. Monin–Obukhov (MO) similarity theory forms the basis for the flux profile method, where mean profiles of momentum, temperature, and moisture are used to estimate surface fluxes, from which bulk flux coefficients can then be determined given surface conditions. The robustness of this method is studied in terms of its sensitivity to internal, method-based parameters, as well as the uncertainty due to variability in the measurements and errors in the estimates of surface conditions, particularly sea surface temperature. In addition, “virtual sondes” tracked through a high-resolution large-eddy simulation of an idealized tropical cyclone are used to evaluate the flux profile method’s ability to recover known surface flux coefficients given known, prescribed surface conditions; this provides a test of whether or not MO assumptions are violated and under which regions th...
Ability-Satisfaction Relationships: Field and Laboratory Studies

The article discusses the relationship between employee abilities and job satisfaction. The author notes a number of objectives to the study in question. The first is to investigate the relationshi...
BETTER ESTIMATING RADIATION EFFECTIVE DOSE FROM CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT): A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFFECTIVE DOSE AND DOSE-LENGTH PRODUCT

Radiation from CT is commonly quantified in term of effective dose (ED), estimated by multiplying the scanner reported dose-length product (DLP) by a conversion factor, referred to as the k factor. Current guidelines suggest a k factor of 0.014 mSv·mGy-1cm-1 for chest CT. While this value is
Scale-dependent drivers of ungulate patch use along a temporal and spatial gradient of snow depth

Anthropogenic changes in landscape composition or configuration have the potential to increase the abundance of generalist species, often resulting in cascading effects on other trophic levels and ecosystem function. The selection or uti- lization of individual patches of habitat, however, may vary in both time and space, as a result of patch and landscape attrib- utes as well as dynamic abiotic factors (i.e., snowfall). We hypothesized that the use of high-quality habitat would be most strongly influenced by snow at local scales and by composition and the configuration of the landscape at greater spatial scales. To test this, we examined white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) selection of eastern hem- lock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) patches as winter habitat over a 3-year period. Patch-level attributes were poor predic- tors of patch use in areas with strong gradients in abiotic factors relevant to the energetics of movement or forage acquisition. Additionally, heterogeneity in the greater landscape (3000 m radius buffer) served to increase use, while homo- geneity appeared to decrease use. Our results suggest that interactions between deer migratory behavior, interannual varia- tion in winter severity, and landscape context might provide spatial and temporal refugia for hemlock regeneration; a better understanding of which could aide conservation and restoration.
Immunologic concepts and their potential role in cancer therapy.

The immune response to tumor antigens is complex. The effect on the tumor is the result of tumor destruction mediated by lymphocytes and possibly cytotoxic antibody on the one hand and negation of these effects by blocking antibody on the other. The immune response may not halt tumor growth if the tumor is of low antigenicity, if the immune system is inadequate, or if large amounts of blocking antibody are generated early in the response.
Optimizing binary decision diagrams based on dynamical shifting algorithm

BDD allows for a compact representation and efficient manipulation of Boolean functions.Its scale and structure corresponding to time and space complexity of algorithm of compution.operation.With variety application node size and number of path became two focus of research in the area of BDD application.in this paper discussing applying dynimic programming carry out the minimizing the node size and the number of path.an algorithm for minimizing path is proposed On the basis of shifting algorithmn which applying optimizing node size.from theoretics.
Determining the cost optimum among a discrete set of building technologies to satisfy stringent energy targets

This paper presents the development of an optimization methodology for selecting the lowest monetary cost combinations of building technologies to meet set operational energy reduction targets. The new optimization algorithm introduced in this paper departs from the notion that optimal design choices over a large set of design parameters and properties can be driven by energy targets. We assume that design parameters are determined by many concurrent considerations fighting over the attention span of the design team. Our approach starts from a design outcome and asks the question, which set of discrete technologies are the right mix to reach an energy target in the cost optimal way? Such an approach has to face the challenge that the properties of market-available building technologies have a discrete nature that makes their optimal selection a combinatorial problem. The optimization algorithm searches the discrete combinatoric space by maximizing the following objective function: calculated energy savings divided by premium cost, where cost is defined as the additional cost over a baseline solution. The algorithm is codified into a custom MATLAB script and when compared to prescriptive methodologies is shown to be more cost effective and generically applicable given a palette of building technology alternatives and their corresponding cost data.
In vitro purging of bone marrow for autologous marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia using myeloid specific monoclonal antibodies

Autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for acute myelogenous leukemia has gained new popularity recently due to the availability of techniques to purge the autograft of residual leukemia cells. One of the methods of purging involves the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to antigens expressed on the surface of leukemia cells. Several mAbs lend themselves to this use because of their high degree of reactivity with leukemia cells and their lack of reactivity with normal pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells. Candidate mAbs include those directed to the CD14, CD15, and CD33 molecules. This review focuses on the pre-clinical data concerning the use of mAbs to these antigens and on the results of on-going clinical trials of ABMT using mAb-mediated purging.
A fast video stabilization system based on speeded-up robust features

A fast and efficient video stabilization method based on speeded-up robust features (SURF) is presented in this paper. The SURF features are extracted and tracked in each frame and then refined through Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) to estimate the affine motion parameters. The intentional camera motions are filtered out through Adaptive Motion Vector Integration (AMVI). Experiments performed on several video streams illustrate superior performance of the SURF based video stabilization in terms of accuracy and speed when compared with the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) based stabilization method.
Social Construction of Identity in Eastern Rural Communities

From a very general perspective, there were three different venues for voting in the middle of the nineteenth century. For example, many men in the nation's largest cities voted at precincts where party challengers and election officials did not personally know them. With highly transient populations in each neighborhood and very large numbers of voters at each polling place, those attending the voting window usually had little more than a man's physical appearance by which to judge their qualifications and partisan allegiance. While the physiognomy and attire of would-be voters could be visually inspected, reliance on the information thus revealed involved very different practices from those in older, more settled rural communities. In sharp contrast with the latter, the ways in which it was decided who was eligible to vote and which party ticket they might be carrying usually involved stereotypes that did not rely on detailed, contextual histories of an individual. To apply these stereotypes, the crowds surrounding the voting window frequently questioned those approaching the polls, backing up their interrogations with verbal intimidation and physical force. In some cities, such practices appear to have generated the armed political clubs that commandeered precincts in their neighborhoods. Political anonymity thus came at a very high price. A second, very different venue for voting characterized the western frontier. Situated within an ever-changing social landscape sparsely populated with men constantly moving about in search of good land and economic opportunity, precincts along the line of settlement were places in which anonymous individual voters confronted the petty but nonetheless intense interests of those who ran the polls.
Robot-Human Collaboration for Improving Patient Care in Infectious Disease Environments

In an outbreak of an infectious disease, such as Ebola, care staff face many challenges. They are in danger of exposure, they are frequently overwhelmed, and often cannot provide a satisfactory level of care. We propose introducing robots to aid in the treatment of infectious disease, in order to raise the quality of care and protect staff from potential exposure. We will investigate how to allocate tasks among human and robotic agents, and incorporate human factors in the task allocation planner, beginning with the optimization of cognitive load.
Translational research in pediatric pulmonary disease, 2017

As readers of this journal know, translational research is the application of basic science findings to improve clinical care; a process that was once called “bench-to-bedside” research. In my field of pediatric pulmonary disease, the rapid advancement of basic science understanding into improved clinical care has been, to use an appropriate term, breathtaking. In this perspective article, I will describe a few of these advances, as they relate to specific pulmonary diseases.
Network science algorithms for mobile network analytics

This paper introduces network science algorithms that can be used to study and analyze mobile networks. This can provide essential information and knowledge that can help mobile networks service providers to enhance the quality of the mobile services. We focus in this paper on the design and analysis of different evolutionary clustering algorithms that can be used to analyze the dynamics of mobile networks
Towards deploying decommissioned mobile devices as cheap energy-efficient compute nodes

The performance of mobile phone processors has been steadily increasing, causing the performance gap between server and mobile processors to narrow with mobile processors sporting superior performance per unit energy. Fueled by the slowing of Moore's Law, the overall performance of single-chip mobile and server processors have likewise plateaued. These trends and the glut of used and partially broken smartphones which become environmental e-waste motivate creating cloud servers out of decommissioned mobile phones. This work proposes creating a compute dense server built out of used and partially broken smartphones (e.g. screen can be broken). This work evaluates the total cost of ownership (TCO) benefit of using servers based on decommissioned mobile devices and analyzes some of the architectural design trade-offs in creating such servers.
Structure, proteome and genome of Sinorhizobium meliloti phage ΦM5: A virus with LUZ24-like morphology and a highly mosaic genome.

Bacteriophages of nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria are revealing a wealth of novel structures, diverse enzyme combinations and genomic features. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the phage capsid at 4.9-5.7A-resolution, the phage particle proteome, and the genome of the Sinorhizobium meliloti-infecting Podovirus ΦM5. This is the first structure of a phage with a capsid and capsid-associated structural proteins related to those of the LUZ24-like viruses that infect Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Like many other Podoviruses, ΦM5 is a T=7 icosahedron with a smooth capsid and short, relatively featureless tail. Nonetheless, this group is phylogenetically quite distinct from Podoviruses of the well-characterized T7, P22, and epsilon 15 supergroups. Structurally, a distinct bridge of density that appears unique to ΦM5 reaches down the body of the coat protein to the extended loop that interacts with the next monomer in a hexamer, perhaps stabilizing the mature capsid. Further, the predicted tail fibers of ΦM5 are quite different from those of enteric bacteria phages, but have domains in common with other rhizophages. Genomically, ΦM5 is highly mosaic. The ΦM5 genome is 44,005bp with 357bp direct terminal repeats (DTRs) and 58 unique ORFs. Surprisingly, the capsid structural module, the tail module, the DNA-packaging terminase, the DNA replication module and the integrase each appear to be from a different lineage. One of the most unusual features of ΦM5 is its terminase whose large subunit is quite different from previously-described short-DTR-generating packaging machines and does not fit into any of the established phylogenetic groups.
Sound kitchen: designing a chemically controlled musical performance

This paper presents a novel use of a chemical experiments' framework as a control layer and sound source in a concert situation. Signal fluctuations from electrolytic batteries made out of household chemicals, and acoustic samples obtained from an acid/base reaction are used for musical purposes beyond the standard data sonification role. The batteries are controlled in handy ways such as warming, stirring and pouring that are also visually engaging. Audio mappings include synthetic and sampled sounds completing a recipe that concocts a live performance of computer music.
A Standard Model of the Mind: Toward a Common Computational Framework across Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, Neuroscience, and Robotics

The purpose of this article is to begin the process of engaging the international research community in developing what can be called a standard model of the mind, where the mind we have in mind here is human-like. The notion of a standard model has its roots in physics, where over more than a half-century the international community has developed and tested a standard model that combines much of what is known about particles. This model is assumed to be internally consistent, yet still have major gaps. Its function is to serve as a cumulative reference point for the field while also driving efforts to both extend and break it.