cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of environmental estrogens in milk by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Objective: A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS) method for simultaneous determination of environmental estrogens including 4-nonylphenol,bishphenol A,diethylstilbestrol and 17-ethinylestradiol and endogenic estrogens including 17α-estradiol,17β-estradiol,estriol and estrone in milk was established.Methods:Acetonitrile was used as extracted solution and albumen precipitator.Milk and powdered milk were extracted with acetonitrile.The extract was gently evaporated just to dryness with nitrogen and then derivated with pentafluoropropionic anhydride(PFPA),the derivatives were determined by GC-MS.Results:The intra-day relative standard deviations of the peak area were 1.25% to 5.85% and the detection limits ranged from 0.024 to 1.40 μg/kg and the recoveries from 74.7% to 111.8%.Conclusion:This method is simple,rapid,accurate and applicable to the determination of trace environmental estrogens in milk.
New Perspectives of Quantum Analogues

OF DISSERTATION NEW PERSPECTIVES OF QUANTUM ANALOGUES In this dissertation we discuss three problems. We first show the classical q-Stirling numbers of the second kind can be expressed more compactly as a pair of statistics on a subset of restricted growth words. We extend this enumerative result via a decomposition of a new poset which we call the Stirling poset of the second kind. The Stirling poset of the second kind supports an algebraic complex and a basis for integer homology is determined. A parallel enumerative, poset theoretic and homological study for the q-Stirling numbers of the first kind is done. We also give a bijective argument showing the (q, t)-Stirling numbers of the first and second kind are orthogonal. In the second part we give combinatorial proofs of q-Stirling identities via restricted growth words. This includes new proofs of the generating function of q-Stirling numbers of the second kind, the q-Vandermonde convolution for Stirling numbers and the q-Frobenius identity. A poset theoretic proof of Carlitz’s identity is also included. In the last part we discuss a new expression for q-binomial coefficients based on the weighting of certain 01-permutations via a new bistatistic related to the major index. We also show that the bistatistics between the inversion number and major index are equidistributed. We generalize this idea to q-multinomial coefficients evaluated at negative q values. An instance of the cyclic sieving phenomenon related to flags of unitary spaces is also studied.
Extending rule-based methods to model molecular geometry and 3D model resolution

Computational modeling is an important tool for the study of complex biochemical processes associated with cell signaling networks. However, it is challenging to simulate processes that involve hundreds of large molecules due to the high computational cost of such simulations. Rule-based modeling is a method that can be used to simulate these processes with reasonably low computational cost, but traditional rule-based modeling approaches do not include details of molecular geometry. The incorporation of geometry into biochemical models can more accurately capture details of these processes, and may lead to insights into how geometry affects the products that form. Furthermore, geometric rule-based modeling can be used to complement other computational methods that explicitly represent molecular geometry in order to quantify binding site accessibility and steric effects. We propose a novel implementation of rule-based modeling that encodes details of molecular geometry into the rules and binding rates. We demonstrate how rules are constructed according to the molecular curvature. We then perform a study of antigen-antibody aggregation using our proposed method. We simulate the binding of antibody complexes to binding regions of the shrimp allergen Pen a 1 using a previously developed 3D rigid-body Monte Carlo simulation, and we analyze the aggregate sizes. Then, using our novel approach, we optimize a rule-based model according to the geometry of the Pen a 1 molecule and the data from the Monte Carlo simulation. We use the distances between the binding regions of Pen a 1 to optimize the rules and binding rates. We perform this procedure for multiple conformations of Pen a 1 and analyze the impact of conformation and resolution on the optimal rule-based model. We find that the optimized rule-based models provide information about the average steric hindrance between binding regions and the probability that antibodies will bind to these regions. These optimized models quantify the variation in aggregate size that results from differences in molecular geometry and from model resolution.
A 30-year experience with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a word of caution.

Background Patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection can be problematic, particularly those with mixed-type pathology. We aimed to describe a cohort of patients with mixed-type anomalous drainage, highlighting the treatment challenges, and identifying risk factors for poor outcome. Methods We reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent repair for mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection between 1986 and 2015. Results A total of 19 patients were identified. The median age and weight of patients at surgery were 18 days (with a range from 1 to 185) and 3.4 kg (with a range from 1.9 to 6.5), respectively. Venous anatomy included a combination of duplicate supracardiac (four), supracardiac and cardiac (11), and supracardiac and infracardiac (four) drainage. Out of 19 patients, six (32%) died within 30 days or the initial hospital stay; two additional patients died from progressive pulmonary vein stenosis at 72 and 201 days, respectively, resulting in 42% mortality within the 1st year. Follow-up data were available for 8/11 long-term survivors. The median follow-up period was 7.3 years (with a range from 1.8 to 15.7). Only one patient underwent re-intervention for recurrent pulmonary vein stenosis. For surgical mortality, no statistically significant risk factors were identified, although the risk trended to be higher (p⩽0.1) with lower age and weight, an infracardiac component, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. For 1-year mortality, the risk became significant (p⩽0.05) with a lower weight (p=0.01), an infracardiac component (p=0.03), and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (p=0.04). Conclusion The surgical and 1-year mortality in patients with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is high. On the other hand, among patients who survive past the 1st year, most have good outcomes without subsequent sequelae.
Effects of Acute Stress on Decision Making.

The study examined the effects of a social stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) on 24 male and 32 female college students’ affective and physiological reactivity and their subsequent performance on a decision-making task (Iowa Gambling Task). The 56 participants were randomly assigned to a social stressor or a control condition. Compared to controls, participants in the stress condition responded with higher heart rates and skin conductance responses, reported more negative affect, and on the decision-making task made less advantageous choices. An exploratory regression analysis revealed that among men higher levels of heart rate were positively correlated with riskier choices on the Iowa Gambling Task, whereas for women this relationship was curvilinear. Exploratory correlational analyses showed that lower levels of skin conductance within the stress condition were associated with greater levels of substance use and gambling. The results suggest that the presence of a stressor may generally result in failure to attend to the full range of possible consequences of a decision. The relationship pattern between the degree of stress responding and successful decision making may be different for men and women.
Zonal characterization of bovine articular cartilage using fluorescence lifetime imaging

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIm) was used to study the zonal and depth-dependent changes in the structure, and biochemistry of bovine articular cartilage to evaluate its potential for nondestructively measuring cartilage health.
Bacteriophages from ExPEC Reservoirs Kill Pandemic Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Clonal Group ST131 in Animal Models of Bacteremia

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) enteric bacteria are of increasing global concern. A clonal group, Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131, harbors both MDR and a deadly complement of virulence factors. Patients with an immunocompromised system are at high risk of infections with these E. coli and there is strong epidemiologic evidence that the human intestinal tract, as well as household pets, may be a reservoir. Here, we examine if phages are an effective treatment strategy against this clonal group in murine models of bacteremia that recapitulate clinical infections. Bacteriophages isolated from known E. coli reservoirs lyse a diverse array of MDR ST131 clinical isolates. Phage HP3 reduced E. coli levels and improved health scores for mice infected with two distinct ST131 strains. Efficacy was correlated to in vitro lysis ability by the infecting phage and the level of virulence of the E. coli strain. Importantly, it is also demonstrated that E. coli bacteremia initiated from translocation across the intestinal tract in an immunocompromised host is substantially reduced after phage treatment. This study demonstrates that phage, isolated from the environment and with little experimental manipulation, can be effective in combating even the most serious of infections by E. coli "superbugs".
The Menopause and Oxidative Stress

Reproductive aging resulting in menopause is characterized by the permanent cessation of ovarian follicular activity. The signs and symptoms resulting from estrogen withdrawal can significantly disrupt a woman’s activities of daily living and sense of well being, while predisposing them to osteoporosis and heart disease. Current medical therapies are targeted at symptomatic relief or alleviating the hormonal deficiency itself to prevent its harmful sequelae. The progressive loss of estrogen and its protective effects, combined with deficient endogenous antioxidant, results in oxidative stress—which is implicated in the pathogenesis of vasomotor disturbances, loss of bone mass, and heart disease in menopause. The link between oxidative stress and estrogen deficiency has been demonstrated by numerous studies. Based on this, hormonal replacement therapy, antioxidant supplementation, and lifestyle modification have been investigated for their efficacy and safety in the treatment and prevention of menopause-related symptoms and chronic disease processes.
The Problem of the Intellectuals

The problem of the intellectuals has long occupied political philosophy and social theory and when asked to define “the intellectuals,” contemporary intellectuals will typically identify themselves as a politically autonomous stratum that pursues knowledge for its own sake, or if not for its own sake, then for some abstract public good. Most social and political theorists propose “the idea of the university” as the sociological basis for this epistemological claim, because the university ostensibly insulates intellectuals from “external” social and political pressures. Thus, as the university is increasingly corporatized, the problem of the intellectuals has become synonymous with the critique of the corporate university. This book will argue that the entrepreneurial intellectual is fundamentally incompatible with the corporate university and, in fact, is an internal threat to the power structure and logic of the corporate university.
Genetic Modification of Cells with Retrovirus Vectors for Grafting into the Central Nervous System

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on genetic modification of cells with retrovirus vectors for grafting into the central nervous system. It mainly discusses ex vivo approaches for CNS utilizing retrovirus vectors. Molecular biological studies help to define the roles of specific gene products and the pathophysiology of various disorders. Therefore, gene therapy is used to supplement multiple steps in the metabolic pathway that compensate for the primary genetic defect. Examples of this approach are dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) and neurotrophic factor therapy in neurodegenerative disorders. In the methods of transgenic animals, the entire developmental strategies of the organism interact with the transgene. Somatic gene transfer provides a simpler experimental approach with which a single gene's effect in an adult organism can be studied. Two general approaches have been employed for somatic gene therapy: the ex vivo approach using in vitro modification of cells, followed by transplantation of the genetically modified cells, and the in vivo approach using direct gene transfer with viral vectors capable of introducing genes into somatic cells in situ, including nondividing neuronal cells. The most widely used virus vectors for ex vivo gene transfer are disabled murine and avian retroviruses. The chapter details the biology of retroviruses and the advantages and disadvantages of retrovirus vectors. It also discusses the cell types for ex vivo gene therapy carriers including graft properties for ex vivo therapy and grafting genetically modified cells in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders including neurotransmitter replacement and neurotrophic factor delivery . Many generations of modified vectors have been developed for safer and more efficient use. The basic principle lies in production of replication-defective vectors by deleting essential viral elements. Genetically modified cells are useful experimental tool to examine the function of a single gene in the central nervous system of adult animals in vivo.
The neural correlates of self-referential memory encoding and retrieval in schizophrenia

Abstract Background Enhanced memory for self-oriented information is known as the self-referential memory (SRM) effect. fMRI studies of the SRM effect have focused almost exclusively on encoding, revealing selective engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during “self” relative to other processing conditions. Other critical areas for self-processing include ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and posterior cingulate/precuneus (PCC/PC). Previous behavioral studies show that individuals with schizophrenia fail to benefit from this memory boost. However, the neural correlates of this deficit, at either encoding or retrieval, are unknown. Methods Twenty individuals with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls completed an event-related fMRI SRM paradigm. During encoding, trait adjectives were judged in terms of structural features (“case” condition), social desirability (“other” condition), or as self-referential (“self” condition). Participants then completed an unexpected recognition test (retrieval phase). We examined BOLD activation during both encoding and retrieval within mPFC, vlPFC, TPJ, and PCC/PC regions-of-interest (ROIs). Results During encoding, fMRI data indicated both groups had greater activation during the “self” relative to the “other” condition across ROIs. Controls showed this primarily in mPFC whereas patients showed this in PCC/PC. During retrieval, fMRI data indicated controls showed differentiation across ROIs between “self” and “other” conditions, but patients did not. Conclusions Results suggest regional differences in the neural processing of self-referential information in individuals with schizophrenia, perhaps because representation of the self is not as well established in patients relative to controls. The current study presents novel findings that add to the literature implicating impaired self-oriented processing in schizophrenia.
A Remark on Algorithm as 10

Algorithm AS 10 is an implementation by Cooper (1968) of a recursion method due to Forsythe (1957) for computing orthogonal polynomial values. For the special case of equally spaced points, there exists a simplification of this method observed by Fisher and Yates (1957) and given in (1) below, which in certain applications can result in a significant savings in storage, computing time and programming effort.
The Zonal Architecture of the Mandibular Condyle Requires ADAMTS5

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (TMJOA) disrupts extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, leading to cartilage degradation. Upregulated a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 leads to cleavage of its substrate aggrecan (Acan) and is considered a hallmark of TMJOA. However, most research on ADAMTS5-Acan turnover has focused on hyaline cartilage, not fibrocartilage, which comprises the TMJ. The mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) of the TMJ is organized in zones, and chondrocytes are arranged in axial rows, yet the molecular mechanisms required to generate the MCC zonal architecture have not been elucidated. Here, we test the hypothesis that ADAMTS5 is required for development of the TMJ MCC. Adamts5+/+ and Adamts5-/- murine TMJs were harvested at postnatal day 7 (P7), P21, 2 mo, and 6 mo of age; histomorphometrics indicated increased ECM. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots demonstrated the expanded ECM correlated with increased Acan localization in Adamts5-/- compared to Adamts5+/+. Cell volume was also decreased in the MCC of Adamts5-/- due to both a reduction in cell size and less mature hypertrophic chondrocytes. Analysis of chondrogenic maturation markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated Col2a1, Col10a1, and Sox9 were significantly reduced in Adamts5-/- MCC compared to that of Adamts5+/+. The older (6 mo) Adamts5-/- MCC exhibited changes in chondrogenic cell arrangements, including clustering and chondrogenic atrophy, that correlated with early stages of TMJOA using modified Mankin scoring. These data indicate a potentially novel and critical role of ADAMTS5 for maturation of hypertrophic chondrocytes and establishment of the zonal architecture that, when disrupted, may lead to early onset of TMJOA.
Epidemiology of diabetes and obesity in the United States

The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes parallels the increased prevalence of obesity. Abdominal obesity contributes to insulin resistance. To overcome the insulin resistance, the pancreas makes more insulin, keeping the glucose in the normal range. Eventually, the pancreas will fail, resulting in elevated levels of blood glucose. Thus, to develop type 2 diabetes, an individual must have a defect in insulin sensitivity with an accompanying defect in insulin secretion. In the early stages of the disease, glucose can be controlled with appropriate therapeutic lifestyle changes aimed at lowering insulin resistance. As the disease progresses, one has to use medications. Insulin secretagogues increase insulin levels, whereas insulin sensitizers, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, decrease insulin resistance. The defect in insulin secretion is progressive, and eventually, almost every patient needs exogenous insulin, which may be delayed with appropriate lifestyle changes. Insulin resistance is associated with a clustering of metabolic abnormalities called the insulin-resistance syndrome, which is a component of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin-resistance syndrome includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. These abnormalities increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Of people with type 2 diabetes, 70% die from premature cardiovascular disease. Prevention of the complications of diabetes requires good control of not only blood glucose but also other manifestations of the insulin-resistance syndrome, including hypertension and lipid abnormalities.
Parasomnias Caused by Other Conditions

Parasomnias are broadly defined as ‘experiential phenomena occurring during sleep or in the transition to and from sleep’. Parasomnias are common in young children. However they may be triggered by sleep disturbance and in many cases resolve with changes in the sleep schedule. However in many situations, parasomnias can be triggered by other sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which can cause sleep fragmentations. These can further complicate the assessment, management, and outcome of other comorbid neurological and medical disorders. In this chapter, we intend to describe some of these conditions which have not been discussed previously in this book and also discuss their evaluation and management. We will also try to differentiate primary parasomnias from secondary parasomnias.
Introduction—Human Rights in Higher Education: Institutional, Classroom, and Community Approaches to Teaching Social Justice

In this introductory chapter, Editor Lindsey N. Kingston outlines the concept of human rights education (HRE) in higher education, including a preliminary review of its vast potential and inherent challenges. The central argument guiding this book is that HRE in higher education requires the intersection of three complementary approaches centering on institutions, classrooms, and communities. First, institutions must not only support curricular offerings, but also integrate human rights norms into their governance and priorities. This requires valuing social responsibility and the public good, as well as engaged scholarship. Second, teaching strategies emphasizing human rights and social justice can transform our classrooms across academic disciplines, expanding HRE while supporting underprivileged student groups. Third, community approaches offer opportunities to expand HRE more broadly, building community–university partnerships and providing resources for enhanced advocacy and service work. Drawing on the experiences of her colleagues at Webster University (in St. Louis, as well as its campus in Leiden, the Netherlands), Kingston writes that this edited volume offers possibilities for advancing HRE on campus and beyond.
Opportunities for Oral Health Monitoring Technologies Beyond the Dental Clinic

Personal health and wellness technologies can improve people's care at home, connect everyday activities to clinical settings, and allow more efficient use of clinical resources. Recently, the Human-Computer Interaction community has begun to develop tools to improve oral care. In this research, we investigate dental practices and information needs through surveys and interviews with a range of patients and oral health providers. We find that personal users want to track their progress---or lack thereof---between dental visits for feedback, so they can adjust their home care routines, or so they can seek an escalation in care if they identify a problem. Among providers and clinical health workers, there exists an opportunity for better screening and diagnostic tools to identify dental caries at early stages. Providers in rural areas desire better tools to communicate problem areas to patients and their caregivers to bridge oral health care disparities in areas with limited access to care. Our results can guide the development of dental technologies that can address currently unmet needs of patients and providers.
Emotion regulation strategy knowledge moderates the link between cumulative stress and anxiety symptoms in childhood

Experiencing chronic stress early in life has been linked to anxiety symptoms and related outcomes. This study examined whether emotional self-regulatory processes, specifically children’s awarenes...
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection as Primary Treatment for Men With Testicular Seminoma: Utilization and Survival Analysis Using the National Cancer Data Base, 2004-2014.

Abstract Background The role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) as first-line treatment for testicular seminoma is less well defined than for testicular nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors. We describe utilization of primary RPLND in the United States and report on overall survival (OS) after surgery for these men. Patients and Methods Using 2004-2014 data from the National Cancer Data Base, we identified 62,727 men with primary testicular cancer, 31,068 of whom were diagnosed as having seminoma. After excluding men with benign, non–germ cell, and nonseminomatous germ-cell tumor histologies, those who did not undergo RPLND, those where clinical stage and survival data were unavailable, and those with testicular seminoma who underwent RPLND in the postchemotherapy setting (n = 47), 365 men comprised our final cohort. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize clinical and demographic factors. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine OS. Results A total of 365 men with testicular seminoma underwent primary RPLND. At a median follow-up of 4.1 years, there were 16 deaths in the entire cohort. Five-year OS was 94.2%. Subset analysis of men with stage I and IIA/B disease who underwent primary RPLND revealed 5-year OS rates of 97.3% and 92.0%, respectively (P = .035). OS did not significantly differ in patients with stage IIA versus IIB disease (91.8% vs. 92.3%, respectively, P = .907). Conclusion Although RPLND is rarely used as primary therapy in testicular seminoma, OS rates appear to be comparable to rates reported in the literature for primary chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Ongoing prospective trials will clarify the role of RPLND in the management of testicular seminoma.
Comparison of a Nurse-Nurse Handoff Mnemonic With Real-World Handoffs.

Background Communication failures, including clinical handoff or clinical handover errors, contribute to 80% of all serious preventable adverse events each year. The N-PAS, N = Nurse, P = Patient Summary, A = Action Plan, and S = Synthesis, is a flexible standardized clinical handoff tool for nurses. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of N-PAS core components present in real-world patient handoffs. Methods A mixed-methods design was used to analyze secondary data. Patient handoffs (n = 138) were transcribed into statements and then independently coded by 2 research assistants. Results Of all handoff statements, 63.2% were coded as Patient Summary and 13.6% were coded as Action Plan, whereas Synthesis was not coded in any handoffs. Three new Patient Summary elements and 1 new Action Plan element were identified. Conclusion Patient Summary and Action Plan are critical data reported during clinical handoff. A handoff synthesis is a critical step to include in handoff training.
Sub-Neptune formation: the view from resonant planets

The orbital period ratios of neighbouring sub-Neptunes are distributed asymmetrically near first-order resonances. There are deficits of systems---"troughs" in the period ratio histogram---just short of commensurability, and excesses---"peaks"---just wide of it. We reproduce quantitatively the strongest peak-trough asymmetries, near the 3:2 and 2:1 resonances, using dissipative interactions between planets and their natal discs. Disc eccentricity damping captures bodies into resonance and clears the trough, and when combined with disc-driven convergent migration, draws planets initially wide of commensurability into the peak. The migration implied by the magnitude of the peak is modest; reductions in orbital period are $\sim$10\%, supporting the view that sub-Neptunes complete their formation more-or-less in situ. Once captured into resonance, sub-Neptunes of typical mass $\sim$$5$--$15 M_{\oplus}$ stay captured (contrary to an earlier claim), as they are immune to the overstability that afflicts lower mass planets. Driving the limited, short-scale migration is a gas disc depleted in mass relative to a solar-composition disc by 3--5 orders of magnitude. Such gas-poor but not gas-empty environments are quantitatively consistent with sub-Neptune core formation by giant impacts (and not, e.g., pebble accretion). While disc-planet interactions at the close of the planet formation era adequately explain the 3:2 and 2:1 asymmetries at periods $\gtrsim$ $5$--$15$ days, subsequent modification by stellar tides appears necessary at shorter periods, particularly for the 2:1.
Concentration and divergence of sediment in an erosional landscape

Abstract In an eroding landscape, the erosional source area (Ae) may be larger or smaller than the depositional or storage area (Ad). This corresponds to areal concentration (Ae/Ad > 1) or divergence (Ae/Ad
What My Little Pony Can Teach Us About Interest-Driven Learning

With its roots dating to popular television shows of the 1960s such as Star Trek, fanfiction has blossomed into an extremely widespread form of creative expression. In the past 20 years, amateur fanfiction writers, often young people between the ages of 13 and 25, have published over 61.5 billion words of fiction in online repositories, an amount that rivals the Google Books English fiction corpus of 80 billion words covering the past five centuries. Far from mere shallow repositories of pop culture, these sites are accumulating significant evidence that sophisticated informal learning is taking place online in novel and unexpected ways. Dr. Katie Davis will discuss insights from her book, Writers in the Secret Garden: Fanfiction, Youth, and New Forms of Mentoring (Aragon & Davis, 2019). Davis will describe how young people are utilizing new forms of technology to mentor each other in writing fanfiction, and developing their writing skills in the process. Over the course of five years, Davis and her co-author Dr. Cecilia Aragon conducted original mixed-methods research of online fanfiction repositories, combining their respective skills in data science and education. During the course of their research, they discovered a new kind of mentoring, which they call distributed mentoring, that is uniquely suited to networked communities, where people of all ages and experience levels engage with and support one another through a complex, interwoven tapestry of interactive, cumulatively sophisticated advice and informal instruction. Davis will use the insights from this research to reflect on what it is, exactly, about networked publics that can so effectively support interest-driven learning, and she will consider whether it's possible to apply these lessons to formal education environments.
POLARIS: a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study assessing palbociclib in hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer.

This report describes the rationale, purpose and design of the POLARIS study. POLARIS is an ongoing noninterventional, prospective, multicenter study. Female and male patients in the USA and Canada diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in the study and treated with the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib when hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer was deemed to be indicated by their physician. The study will provide real-world data on palbociclib prescribing and treatment patterns in routine clinical practice, associated clinical outcomes, treatment sequencing in the advanced/metastatic setting, patient quality of life and geriatric-specific assessments. The tumor genomic landscape in relation to clinical outcomes will be explored. POLARIS will identify benefits and side effects of palbociclib across multiple lines of therapy and in discrete subsets of patients. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03280303 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
The Biomechanics of Orbitozygomatic Fractures and Concepts of Rigid Fixation

SUMMARY Orbitozygomatic fractures should be adequately diagnosed, preferably with the use of CT using both axial and coronal views. The zygomatic complex fracture should be reduced and fixed first; then the orbital defects should be addressed. During reconstruction, both the size and shape of the orbit must be reconstructed. In general, the smallest implant or transplant possible should be used. However, material should be added until the original volume of the orbit is restored, and the implant or transplant must be of sufficient size to be supported along all margins by sound bone, especially at the posterior edge. In general, alloplastic materials should be reserved for smaller defects, with autogenous bone and a rigid bone plate used for larger defects. In addition, if there is any doubt about whether an implant or transplant will migrate, it should be stabilized.
Preliminary trajectory design for NASA's Solar Cruiser: A technology demonstration mission

Abstract This investigation outlines preliminary trajectory design for NASA’s sail-based Solar Cruiser spacecraft, selected on December 3, 2020, to be a secondary payload launched with the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) in 2025. Trajectory optimization is carried out to ensure that Solar Cruiser can successfully reach a halo orbit about a Sun–Earth sub- L 1 Lagrange point in under one year using only solar sail propulsion. Trade studies are performed to identify optimal trajectories subject to restrictions on sail incidence angles and deployment times, and off nominal initial-conditions are examined to determine the feasibility of the baseline mission profile. Results, thus far, show that Solar Cruiser can be incorporated as a secondary payload on IMAP while satisfying tight operational restrictions. However, additional work must be done to mitigate risks from large launch vehicle injection errors.
Competitive SNP-LAMP probes for rapid and robust single-nucleotide polymorphism detection

Abstract Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common source of genetic variation between individuals and have implications in human disease, pathogen drug resistance, and agriculture. SNPs are typically detected using DNA sequencing, which requires advanced sample preparation and instrumentation, and thus cannot be deployed for on-site testing or in low-resource settings. In this work we have developed a simple and robust assay to rapidly detect SNPs in nucleic acid samples. Our approach combines LAMP-based target amplification with fluorescent probes to detect SNPs with high specificity in a one-pot reaction format. A competitive “sink” strand preferentially binds to off-target products and shifts the free energy landscape to favor specific activation by SNP products. We demonstrated the broad utility and reliability of our SNP-LAMP method by detecting three distinct SNPs across the human genome. We also designed an assay to rapidly detect highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants. This work demonstrates that competitive SNP-LAMP is a powerful and universal method that could be applied in point-of-care settings to detect any target SNP with high specificity and sensitivity.
Trust-Based and Individualizable Adaptive Cruise Control Using Control Barrier Function Approach With Prescribed Performance

Trust is a crucial aspect for autonomous vehicles (AVs) and automated driving systems (ADSs) that maintains humans' acceptance of such functions. However, trust dynamic models describing the human-vehicle relationship rarely exist. To this end, this paper develops a quantitative trust dynamic model of the driver to an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system and applies the proposed model to a trust-based ACC. Driver's trust level is modeled as an objective evaluation index for assessing the individual perceived trustworthiness on automation. Three contributions have been made in this work: 1) a novel quantitative dynamic model describing the driver's trust on ACC is proposed for the first time considering the effects of the driver's taking-over and handing-over operations as well as the steady-state driving scenarios; 2) an improved control barrier function approach with guaranteed system stability and prescribed asymptotic performance is proposed to design the trusted-based ACC, satisfying the state, input, and safety constraints; and 3) a new prescribed performance function that does not require accurate value of the initial condition is proposed to restrict the tracking errors within the predefined asymptotic boundaries, given that the initial value of the trust is hard to obtain. High-fidelity CarSim-based simulations demonstrate the rationality of the proposed trust model and the validity of the proposed control approach.
Auricular nerve stimulation using the NSS-2 BRIDGE device to reduce opioid requirement following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Abstract Background Evidence supports the use of complementary techniques to reduce pain and opioid use after surgery. The NSS-2 BRIDGE device (NBD; Innovative Health Solutions, Inc., Versailles, Indiana) modulates pain via stimulation of the nucleus of the auricular branch of the cranial nerves at the level of the brainstem and the limbic system. Objective To investigate the role of auricular nerve field stimulation for pain control following gastric bypass surgery. Settings U.S. academic medical center. Methods A total of 18 subjects were included. Subjects were divided in 2 groups: NBD group (n = 8) and a control group (n = 10). The NBD was placed following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery in the recovery room. The effectiveness of NBD was assessed comparing the relative use of opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents) and pain (0 = no pain to 10= worst possible pain) at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. In addition, the device tolerability (1–10) was assessed, with 8–10 considered excellent. Data were analyzed using unpaired t tests and presented as mean ± standard deviation. Alpha was set up at .1. Results Compared with the control group, the use of NBD was associated with a 60.2% reduction in oral morphine equivalents (38.15 vs 15.2 mg; P Conclusions This report suggests that NBD may represent an interesting alternative to control perioperative pain and limit opioid use following bariatric surgery. This needs to be confirmed by a placebo-controlled, randomized study.
Sun Exposure and Physical Activity: The Valuable Role of UV Wearables

Skin cancers are one of the most common types of cancer in the United States [1] , and melanoma has steadily increased over the last 20 years. Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known as the main cause of damaging effects to the skin [1] , [2] , yet also the most preventable risk factor. Outdoor physical activity, an important health behavior, exposes the body to UVR and is thus ostensibly linked to increases the risk of sunburn, melanoma, and non-melanoma skin cancers [3] , [4] . Simultaneously, new UVR sensors can play an essential role in ensuring users gain enough sunlight for Vitamin D synthesis for optimal health. However, accurately monitoring personal UVR exposure is historically complex and costly, and thus minimal research exists at the intersection of personal UVR exposure during physical activity.
A 100 Years of Dollar Hegemony

The essence of monetary hegemony is the power of one monetary authority to influence monetary conditions outside its jurisdiction. Such power did not exist under the gold standard but came into existence for the U.S. Federal Reserve in the aftermath of the First World War. The basis of that power was the massive drain of gold out of Europe into the U.S. during its period of neutrality and the scope for the newly created Federal Reserve to pursue a discretionary monetary policy with specific aims such as stable prices, rapid recovery from recession, and countering pullbacks in the equity market. Throughout its 100-year exercise of monetary hegemony, the U.S. has used this in ways that have spread inflation around the globe, both goods inflation and asset inflation. Both the U.S. and the rest of the world would have benefited from a U.S. monetary hegemon based on sound money principle rather than on inflationary finance.
Severe pneumocephalus following cranioplasty: Approach and review of the literature

Abstract Objective To present a case of significant persistent pneumocephalus following failed cranialization of the frontal sinus. Case report We describe the case of a 58-year-old female with a history of hemorrhagic stroke requiring emergent craniotomy which was complicated by inadvertent entry into the frontal sinus. Immediate occlusion of the frontal duct was performed with temporalis muscle and fascia, however the patient developed persistent pneumocephalus. She then underwent formal frontal sinus cranialization yet continued to demonstrate significant pneumocephalus. CT head (CTH) demonstrated extensive bilateral frontal pneumocephalus with a small defect in the floor of the frontal sinus at the level of the outflow tract. The patient underwent skull base repair with a nasoseptal flap with significant improvement in pneumocephalus. Conclusions Chronic large volume pneumocephalus is a rare complication of intracranial procedures. We describe successful endoscopic closure of a small anterior skull base defect which persisted after attempted formal frontal sinus cranialization. Endoscopic repair of the anterior skull base is a valuable tool in the management of “failed” frontal sinus cranialization.
Atomic layer deposition of hafnium and zirconium oxyfluoride thin films

Hafnium and zirconium oxyfluoride films may act as effective protective coatings during plasma processing. The low molar volume expansion/contraction ratios and the small estimated strain values versus fluorination/oxidation suggest that hafnium and zirconium oxyfluorides can serve as protective coatings in both fluorine and oxygen plasma environments. To demonstrate the procedures for depositing these films, hafnium and zirconium oxyfluorides with tunable stoichiometry were grown using atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 150 °C. Tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium and tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)zirconium were used as the metal precursors. H2O and HF were employed as the oxygen and fluorine precursors, respectively. MOxFy (M = Hf and Zr) films were grown using two deposition mechanisms: the nanolaminate method and the HF exchange method. In situ quartz crystal microbalance studies were employed to monitor the MOxFy growth. Both deposition methods observed a linear MOxFy growth at 150 °C. The nanolaminate method is defined by the sequential deposition of MOx ALD and MFy ALD layers. Compositional tunability was achieved by varying the ratio of the number of MOx ALD cycles to the number of MFy ALD cycles in the nanolaminate. The HF exchange method is based on the thermodynamically favorable fluorination reaction of MOx by HF. Variable oxygen-to-fluorine concentrations in these films were obtained either by changing the HF pressure or by varying the thickness of the underlying MOx ALD layers. Ex situ Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements were utilized to determine the composition of the various MOxFy thin films. Both deposition techniques displayed a wide range of compositional tunability from HfO2 to HfF4 and ZrO2 to ZrF4. In addition, the physical sputtering rates of MOxFy films were estimated from the film removal rates during ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling. The physical sputtering rates increased with F concentration in the MOxFy films.
Transiently Induced Sequences as Potential Mediators of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation

Our laboratory has, for a number of years, been interested in the causal biochemical, molecular, and physiological alterations that accompany mitogen-induced transitions from quiescent, non-dividing cells to cells committed to reenter the cell cycle. We have used the clonal murine embryo cell line Swiss 3T3 as a model system to study this transition. In this chapter we will first describe this mitogen-response system, present background data from our laboratory that led to the results to be reported here, summarize our recent studies on the isolation of a family of mitogen response genes, and then describe the expression of these genes in a developmental neurobiology context. We will conclude with a brief description of our plans for the future.
Understanding and Preventing College Student Suicide, by Dorian A. Lamis and David Lester

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college students, a finding that has remained relatively stable for the past 50 years. Even though college students have a low incidence of comple...
A predictive model for cache-based side channels in multicore and multithreaded microprocessors

A side channel is an information channel that unintentionally communicates information about a program as a side effect of the implementation. Recent studies have illustrated the use of shared caches as side channels to extract private keys from computationally secure cryptographic applications. The cache side channel is imperfect in the sense that the attacker's ability to detect cache leakage of critical data is limited by the timing issues. Moreover, some detected leakages are due to non-critical data. Thus, it is difficult to assess the degree of vulnerability given the imperfect nature of the side-channel. Similarly, when solutions that further degrade the quality of the channel, but do not necessarily close it completely, are employed, it is difficult to evaluate their effectiveness. To address this need, this paper proposes a mathematical model to evaluate the expected leakage in a cache as a function of the cache parameters and the victim application behavior. We use simulation to quantify these parameters for typical attack scenarios to validate the model. We demonstrate that the proposed model accurately estimates side channel leakage for for AES and Blowfish encryption and decryption on a variety of cache configurations.
Analysis of the {Delta}I=1/2 rule and {epsilon}{prime}/{epsilon} with overlap fermions

We study the renormalization of the {Delta}S=1 effective weak Hamiltonian with overlap fermions. The mixing coefficients among dimension-6 operators are computed at one loop in perturbation theory. As a consequence of the chiral symmetry at finite lattice spacing and of the GIM mechanism, which is quadratic in the masses, the K{r_arrow}{pi}{pi} and K{r_arrow}{pi} matrix elements relevant for the {Delta}I=1/2 rule can be computed without any power subtractions. The analogous amplitudes for {epsilon}{prime}/{epsilon} require one divergent subtraction only, which can be performed nonperturbatively using K{r_arrow}0 matrix elements.
Promoting Residential Integration Through the Fair Housing Act: Are Qui Tam Actions a Viable Method of Enforcing “Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing” Violations?

Matthew J. Termine* This Note uses United States ex rel. Anti-Discrimination Center of Metro New York, Inc. v. Westchester County as an entry point into a discussion of residential segregation, the Fair Housing Act (FHA), and enforcement of the FHA’s desegregation provision—the “Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing” (AFFH) duties. This Note explains why the Anti-Discrimination Center selected a qui tam action via the Federal False Claims Act to enforce Westchester’s duties. After highlighting the inadequacies of the FHA enforcement scheme, this Note explores the viability of qui tam as a solution. Two issues are central to determining whether qui tam is a viable solution. First, a circuit split concerning the admissibility of information garnered through Freedom of Information Act requests in qui tam actions threatens to prevent national adoption of Anti-Discrimination Center-type actions. Second, this Note places qui tam enforcement of AFFH duties within the context of “public law” litigation and analyzes where such actions stand relative to commentators’ criticism and support for “public law” litigation. This Note concludes that the circuit split should be resolved in favor of admitting Freedom of Information Act evidence and that Anti-Discrimination Center-type actions have the potential to withstand some common pitfalls observed in traditional “public law” litigation.