cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Sulfide-Bridged Diiron(II) Complex with a cis-N2H4Ligand.

A sulfide-bridged diiron(II) complex bearing a cis-N2H4 (hydrazine) ligand has been prepared by reaction of LFeII(μ-S)FeIIL (1; L = sterically encumbered βdiketiminate ligand) with 2 molar equivalents of N2H4. The metastable diiron(II) hydrazine complex LFeII(μ-S)(μH N-NH2)FeII (3) is formed, as shown by crystallography, and NMR, vibrational, and electronic absorption spectroscopies. Compound 3 has been crystallographically characterized as its DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7$ene) adduct, which exhibits weak N-H···DBU hydrogen bonding. The synthetic process evolves roughly 2 equivalents of NH3. The cis-N2H4 bridge in 3 may be relevant to the structure and function of intermediates on the FeMoco of nitrogenase.
Proactive modeling: auto-generating models from their semantics and constraints

This paper discusses how DSML semantics and constraints enable proactive modeling---a form of model intelligence that foresees model transformations, automatically executes them, and prompts the modeler for assistance when necessary. This paper also shows how we integrated proactive modeling into the Generic Modeling Environment (GME). Our experience using proactive modeling shows that it can reduce modeling effort by both automatically generating required model elements, and guiding modelers to select what actions should be executed on the model.
PATHWAYS OF INTESTINAL LYMPH DRAINAGE IN NORMAL SHEEP AND IN SHEEP FOLLOWING THORACIC DUCT OCCLUSION.

The pathways by which intestinal lymph enters the blood were studied with radiologic and radioactive tracer techniques in normal sheep and in sheep after thoracic duct occlusion. It was concluded that direct connections between the intestinal lymphatics and blood vessels in the abdomen and caudal thorax in normal sheep are very uncommon if they occur at all. During the first few days after the thoracic duct of sheep was occluded in the thorax, transfer of protein from intestinal lymph to blood was slow. At this time, the abdominal lymphatics were grossly dilated and lymphatic valves incompetent. After about 1–2 weeks, the abdominal lymphatics were of more normal size and drainage of lymph protein to the blood occurred more rapidly. At least some of this protein entered the blood within lymph nodes. After 4–7 weeks, direct vascular connections between the thoracic duct and hemiazygos vein had developed.
Connexin32 gap junction channels in stably transfected cells: unitary conductance.

Pairs of SKHep1 cells, which are derived from a highly metastatic human hepatoma, were studied using the whole cell voltage clamp technique with patch-type electrodes containing CsCl as the major ionic species. In 12 of 81 cell pairs, current flow through junctional membranes was detectable; in the remaining 69 cell pairs, junctional conductance was less than the noise limit of our recording apparatus (worst case: 10 pS). Macroscopic junctional conductance (gj) in the small percentage of pairs where it was detectable ranged from 100 to 600 pS. Unitary junctional conductance (gamma j) determined in the lowest conductance pairs or after reducing conductance with a short exposure to the uncoupling agent halothane was 25–35 pS. To study properties of gap junction channels formed of connexin32, the parental SKHep1 cell line was stably transfected with a plasmid containing cDNA that encodes connexin32, the major gap junction protein of rat liver cells. In 85 of 98 pairs of voltage clamped connexin32-transfected SKHep1 cells, macroscopic gj was greater than 1 nS; gj increased with time after dissociation (from 1.8 +/- 0.6 [mean +/- SE; n = 7] nS at 2 h after plating to 9.3 +/- 2.2 [n = 9] nS, the maximal value, at 24 h). Unitary conductance of gap junction channels between pairs of transfected SKHep1 cells was measured in low conductance pairs and after reducing gj by exposure to halothane or heptanol. Histograms of gamma j values in transfected cells, in 10 experiments where greater than 100 transitions were measurable, displayed two peaks; 120–130 pS and 25–35 pS. The smaller size corresponded to channels that were occasionally detected in the parental cells. We therefore conclude that connexin32 forms gap junctions channels of the 120–130 pS size class.
CELL DIVISION IN CHLAMYDOMONAS MOEWUSII1

SUMMARY Cell division in Chlamydomonas moewusii is described. The cells become immobile with flagellar abscission prior to mitosis. The basal bodies migrate toward the nucleus and become intimately associated with the nuclear membrane which is devoid, of ribosomes where adjacent to the basal bodies. The basal bodies replicate at preprophase. The nucleolus fragments at this stage. By prophase the basal body pairs have migrated, to the nuclear poles. Spindle fibers become prominent in the nucleus. The nuclear membrane does not fragment. The nucleus assumes a crescent-form by metaphase. Polar fenestrae are absent. Kinetochores appear at anaphase. An interzonal spindle elongates as the chromosomes move to the nuclear poles. Daughter nuclei become abscised by an ingrowth of nuclear membrane, leaving behind a separated, degenerating interzonal spindle. Ribosomes reappear on the outer nuclear membrane at late telophase. Nucleoli reform early in cytokinesis. The cleavage furrow, associated microtubules, and endoplasmic reticulum comprise the phycoplast. Cytokinesis proceeds rapidly after the completion of telophase. The basal body-nucleus relationship becomes reorganized into the typical interphase condition late in cytokinesis. Specific and predictable organelle rearrangements during mitosis have been described. Cell division in C. moewusii is compared with other algae, especially C. reinhardi.
Identification and Functional Characterization of a Xenorhabdus nematophila Oligopeptide Permease

The bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila is a mutualist of Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes and a pathogen of insects. Presently, it is not known what nutrients the bacterium uses to thrive in these host environments. In other symbiotic bacteria, oligopeptide permeases have been shown to be important in host interactions, and we therefore sought to determine if oligopeptide uptake is essential for growth or symbiotic functions of X. nematophila in laboratory or host environments. We identified an X. nematophila oligopeptide permease (opp) operon of two sequential oppA genes, predicted to encode oligopeptide-binding proteins, and putative permease-encoding genes oppB, oppC, oppD, and oppF. Peptide-feeding studies indicated that this opp operon encodes a functional oligopeptide permease. We constructed strains with mutations in oppA1, oppA2, or oppB and examined the ability of each mutant strain to grow in a peptide-rich laboratory medium and to interact with the two hosts. We found that the opp mutant strains had altered growth phenotypes in the laboratory medium and in hemolymph isolated from larval insects. However, the opp mutant strains were capable of initiating and maintaining both mutualistic and pathogenic host interactions. These data demonstrate that the opp genes allow X. nematophila to utilize peptides as a nutrient source but that this function is not essential for the existence of X. nematophila in either of its host niches. To our knowledge, this study represents the first experimental analysis of the role of oligopeptide transport in mediating a mutualistic invertebrate-bacterium interaction.
Memory hierarchy design for a multiprocessor look-up engine

We investigate the implementation of IP look-up for core routers using multiple microengines and a tailored memory hierarchy. The main architectural concerns are limiting the number of and contention for memory accesses. Using a level compressed trie as an index, we show the impact of the main parameter, the root branching factor, on the memory capacity and number of memory accesses. Despite the lack of locality, we show how a cache can reduce the required memory capacity and limit the amount of expensive multibanking. Results of simulation experiments using contemporary routing tables show that the architecture scales well, at least up to 16 processors, and that the presence of a small on-chip cache increases throughput significantly, up to 65% over an architecture with the same number of processors but without a cache, all while reducing the amount of required off-chip memory.
Estimating the Doppler spectrum of a short-range fixed wireless channel

Time variations of fixed wireless channels result from the relative movements of scatterers in the propagating environment. We consider the temporal gain variations of short-range channels due to scattering from wind-blown leaves. In particular, we present a method for estimating the Doppler spectrum from the received signal's power samples, without requiring the phase information. We then apply the method to the results of measurements we recently conducted on fixed, short-range paths.
Using formal techniques for identifying uninitialized registers in SoC designs

SoC designs today comprise IP blocks from different design teams and vendors. Because of differing design styles being used on IPs, integrating them and verifying them is a challenge for design teams. One of the problems that we have found while integrating is the way reset or initialisation circuitry is implemented. Lack of knowledge of IPs often cause problems late in the design flow when we perform gate level simulations with backannotated delays, thus uncovering a bug due to either incorrect integration or incorrect assumed behaviour. Transition relation of registers can be modeled using binary decision diagrams (BDD). Using constant propagation techniques in formal verification the BDDs can be reduced to constant values. This paper describes how formal verification techniques are used in identifying uninitialized registers in SoC designs.
Informal institutions and technology use by entrepreneurs: An empirical study across 18 emerging markets

Purpose – Given the increasing relevance of emerging economies in the global economy and the neoclassical argument that technological progress is the main driver of economic growth, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the under-researched role of informal institutions on the likelihood that individuals will enter into technology entrepreneurship in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach – Since the authors combined individual-level and country-level observations, data were analyzed employing hierarchical linear modeling methods and random-effect logistic regressions to estimate the influence of country-level factors on the likelihood of individuals’ entry into techno-entrepreneurship. The data set comprised 10,280 observations for 18 emerging countries during the 2002-2008 period. Findings – The selected informal institutions relate to techno-entrepreneurship as follows: the size of the shadow economy has a U-shaped relationship; ethnic diversity is positively associated; and ethnic polariz...
Disentangling introspective and exteroceptive attentional control from emotional appraisal in depression using fMRI: A preliminary study

The neurocognitive abnormalities in affective experience associated with depression remain incompletely understood. We examined BOLD activity in 10 healthy and 10 depressed subjects while they viewed emotional picture sets and categorized their experience in the moment as pleasant, unpleasant or neutral (introspective attention), as well as when they viewed matched pictures and judged whether they depicted indoor or outdoor scenes (exteroceptive attention). Contrasts permitted investigation of differences in neural activity between groups associated with (1) attentional control, and (2) appraisal of valence. Introspective attentional control (compared to exteroceptive attentional control) activated a common pregenual anterior cingulate (pACC) region in depressed and control subjects. Contrasts between appraised valences of attended emotional responses revealed a consistent pattern of increased BOLD activity to unpleasant emotional responses and decreased BOLD activity to pleasant emotional responses in depressed subjects relative to controls in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and insula. These findings support the conclusion that mechanisms for conscious attention to emotional experiences are intact in depressed subjects and that the affective disturbance in MDD is related to altered reactivity to pleasant vs. unpleasant stimuli.
Rigorous anaesthesia management protocol for patients with intracranial arterial stenosis: a prospective controlled-cohort study.

Objectives Reducing variability is integral in quality management. As part of the ongoing Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis Revascularisation for Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis (ERSIAS) trial, we developed a strict anaesthesia protocol to minimise fluctuations in patient parameters affecting cerebral perfusion. We hypothesise that this protocol reduces the intraoperative variability of targeted monitored parameters compared to standard management. Design Prospective cohort study of patients undergoing encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis surgery versus standard neurovascular interventions. Patients with ERSIAS had strict perioperative management that included normocapnia and intentional hypertension. Control patients received regular anaesthetic standard of care. Minute-by-minute intraoperative vitals were electronically collected. Heterogeneity of variance tests were used to compare variance across groups. Mixed-model regression analysis was performed to establish the effects of treatment group on the monitored parameters. Setting Tertiary care centre. Participants 24 participants: 12 cases (53.8 years±16.7 years; 10 females) and 12 controls (51.3 years±15.2 years; 10 females). Adults aged 30–80 years, with transient ischaemic attack or non-disabling stroke (modified Rankin Scale Main outcome measures Variability of heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure and end tidal CO 2 (ETCO2) throughout surgical duration. Results There were significant reductions in the intraoperative MAP SD (4.26 vs 10.23 mm Hg; p=0.007) and ETCO2 SD (0.94 vs 1.26 mm Hg; p=0.05) between the ERSIAS and control groups. Median MAP and ETCO2 in the ERSIAS group were higher (98 mm Hg, IQR 23 vs 75 mm Hg, IQR 15; p Conclusions The ERSIAS anaesthesia protocol successfully reduced intraoperative fluctuations of MAP and ETCO2. The protocol also achieved normocarbia and the intended hypertension. Trial registration number NCT01819597; Pre-results.
n-Type Naphthalene Diimide–Biselenophene Copolymer for All-Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

A new solution processable n-type polymer semiconductor is synthesized and characterized for use as an electron acceptor material in all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. The new crystalline copolymer, poly(naphthalene diimide-alt-biselenophene) (PNDIBS), has a high field-effect electron mobility (0.07 cm2/(V s)) and broad visible-near-infrared absorption band with an optical band gap of 1.4 eV. All-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells comprised of PNDIBS acceptor and poly(3-hexylthiophene) donor have a photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of 0.9%. The external quantum efficiency spectrum of the all-polymer solar cells shows that about 19% of the photocurrent comes from the near-infrared (700–900 nm) light harvesting by the new n-type polymer semiconductor.
Safe Return: Working Toward Preventing Domestic Violence When Men Return from Prison

This article is excerpted from Mike Bobbitt, Robin Campbell, and Gloria L. Tate9s longer report of the same name published by the Vera Institute of Justice in 2006. Only a very few state and federal institutions offer services that address domestic violence among inmates during incarceration, and a smaller number provide prevention services to those reentering or their families that could reduce the risk of intimate partner violence upon release. Furthermore, only a small portion of domestic violence perpetrators may be identified as needing related in-prison programming. In 2005, the Safe Return Initiative designed a series of roundtable discussions to highlight these important issues and develop appropriate responses. The resulting report stressed that attention must be paid to conducting interventions in a culturally competent manner both before and after release and building on existing family strengths while also offering support to protect families from safety risks.
Low-Noise Free-Running High-Rate Photon-Counting for Space Communication and Ranging

We present performance data for low-noise free-running high-rate photon counting method for space optical communication and ranging. NASA GSFC is testing the performance of two types of novel photon-counting detectors 1) a 2x8 mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) avalanche array made by DRS Inc., and a 2) a commercial 2880-element silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) array. We successfully measured real-time communication performance using both the 2 detected-photon threshold and logic AND-gate coincidence methods. Use of these methods allows mitigation of dark count, after-pulsing and background noise effects without using other method of Time Gating The HgCdTe APD array routinely demonstrated very high photon detection efficiencies ((is) greater than 50%) at near infrared wavelength. The commercial silicon APD array exhibited a fast output with rise times of 300 ps and pulse widths of 600 ps. On-chip individually filtered signals from the entire array were multiplexed onto a single fast output. NASA GSFC has tested both detectors for their potential application for space communications and ranging. We developed and compare their performances using both the 2 detected photon threshold and coincidence methods.
Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology: Neuro-ophthalmology

Neuro-ophthalmology bridges the gap between 2 distinct yet related specialties: neurology and ophthalmology. Specifically, it focuses on the aspects of the nervous system involved with vision, including the afferent and efferent visual systems.1 Using the eye as a lens to view neurologic and systemic disease, neuro-ophthalmologists can identify preliminary signs and symptoms that, if untreated, can result in a myriad of complications due to a wide range of diseases, including optic neuritis, nystagmus, papilledema, diplopia, Horner syndrome, intracranial pressure problems, multiple sclerosis, and many more.2 As a result, neuro-ophthalmology focuses on identifying neuroanatomical problems and using this information to determine the etiology of pathologic mechanisms of disease.1 The specialty has been described as a rewarding field that combines the direct inspection and surgical skills of ophthalmology with the diagnostic and management aspects of neurology.1,3
Mitigating jamming and meaconing attacks using direct GPS positioning

Direct GPS Positioning (DP) is a robust method that estimates the GPS navigation solution directly from the received GPS signal. In contrast, traditional methods, such as scalar tracking and vector tracking, compute intermediate channel range and range residual measurements independently, then use these as inputs into the navigation filter to estimate the navigation solution. However, a brute force implementation of DP is not computationally efficient. Our research contribution is to evaluate the robustness of DP using our more computationally efficient DP implementation. Our novel and effective DP receiver architecture initializes the navigation solution guesses as two groups: guesses varying in position and clock bias, guesses varying in velocity and clock drift. We then perform vectorized calculations to get the expected delay and Doppler between the receiver and each satellite in view. Following that, we perform batch calculations using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) to obtain the vector correlation and vector spectrum. The navigation solution residual derived from the vector correlation and vector spectrum is then used as input into the navigation filter. We implemented our receiver architecture using our research platform — PyGNSS. We then evaluated the robustness of our DP receiver architecture by subjecting it to simulated jamming and meaconing attacks. We demonstrate through our experiments the robustness of our DP receiver architecture.
Genetic variants in the mTOR pathway and interaction with body size and weight gain on breast cancer risk in African-American and European American women

Positive energy imbalance and growth factors linked to obesity promote the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. As the obesity–breast cancer associations differ between European American (EA) and African-American (AA) women, we investigated genetic variants in the mTOR pathway and breast cancer risk in these two racial groups. We examined 400 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 31 mTOR pathway genes in the Women’s Circle of Health Study with 1263 incident breast cancers (645 EA, 618 AA) and 1382 controls (641 EA, 741 AA). Multivariable logistic regression was performed separately within racial groups. Effect modification was assessed for measured body size and weight gain since age 20. In EA women, variants in FRAP1 rs12125777 (intron), PRR5L rs3740958 (synonymous coding), and CDKAL1 rs9368197 (intron) were associated with increased breast cancer risk, while variants in RPTOR rs9900506 (intron) were associated with decreased risk (nominal p-trend for functional and FRAP1 SNPs or p adjusted for correlated test [p ACT] < 0.05). For AA women, variants in RPTOR rs3817293 (intron), PIK3R1 rs7713645 (intron), and CDKAL1 rs9368197 were associated with decreased breast cancer risk. The significance for FRAP1 rs12125777 and RPTOR rs9900506 in EA women did not hold after correction for multiple comparisons. The risk associated with FRAP1 rs12125777 was higher among EAs who had body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (odds ratio = 7.69, 95 % CI 2.11–28.0; p-interaction = 0.007) and gained weight ≥35 lb since age 20 (odds ratio = 3.34, 95 % CI 1.42–7.85; p-interaction = 0.021), compared to their counterparts. The mTOR pathway may be involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis differently for EA and AA women.
ICOS Co-Stimulation: Friend or Foe?

Over the last 15 years, the inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) has been implicated in a wide variety of immune outcomes, including the induction and regulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 immunity. In addition to its role in directing effector T cell differentiation, ICOS has also been consistently linked with the induction of thymus-dependent Ab responses and the germinal center reaction. ICOS co-stimulation, therefore, appears to play a complex role in dictating the course of adaptive immunity. In this article, we summarize the initial characterization of ICOS and its relationship with the related co-stimulatory molecule CD28. We then address the contribution of ICOS in directing an effector T cell response, and ultimately disease outcome, against various bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. Next, we assess ICOS in the context of TD Ab responses, connecting ICOS signaling to Tfh cell differentiation and its role in the germinal center reaction. Finally, we address the link between ICOS and human autoimmune disorders, and evaluate potential therapies aiming to mitigate disease progression by modulating ICOS signaling.
After Violence: Transitional Justice, Peace, and Democracy

Impressively, Routledge’s Transitional Justice Series has produced 13 volumes in five years. Like others in the series, the newest by Elin Skaar, Camila Gianella Malca, and Trine Eide shares a devo...
Interpreter training for medical students: pilot implementation and assessment in a student-run clinic

Trained medical interpreters are instrumental to patient satisfaction and quality of care. They are especially important in student-run clinics, where many patients have limited English proficiency. Because student-run clinics have ties to their medical schools, they have access to bilingual students who may volunteer to interpret, but are not necessarily formally trained. To study the feasibility and efficacy of leveraging medical student volunteers to improve interpretation services, we performed a pilot study at the student-run clinic at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. In each fall semester in 2012–2015, we implemented a 6-h course providing didactic and interactive training on medical Spanish interpreting techniques and language skills to bilingual students. We then assessed the impact of the course on interpreter abilities. Participants’ comfort levels, understanding of their roles, and understanding of terminology significantly increased after the course (p < 0.05), and these gains remained several months later (p < 0.05) and were repeated in an independent cohort. Patients and student clinicians also rated participants highly (averages above 4.5 out of 5) on these measures in real clinical encounters. These findings suggest that a formal interpreter training course tailored for medical students in the setting of a student-run clinic is feasible and effective. This program for training qualified student interpreters can serve as a model for other settings where medical students serve as interpreters.
Big Football: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Culture and Color of Injury in America’s Most Popular Sport:

Although much has been said about football concussions in the media, academic inquiry into the National Football League’s (NFL) strategies for containing critique and shaping public discourse remains limited. I investigate the league’s multisided “corporate social responsibility” (CSR) campaign, which involves harm reduction reforms (e.g., improved helmets, tackling techniques) as well as public relations and philanthropy. This campaign is an “anti-politics machine,” a movement that generates its own discourse about concussions, the integrity of football, and normativity; depoliticizes the institutional and foundational sources of harmfulness; and advances narrow technical and managerial solutions. The league’s CSR initiatives are also intended to engender mass feeling, melding multiple images and rhetorics, invoking technoscientific progress as much as corporate care, family values, suburban comfort, national sentimentality, soft masculinity, and women’s health. Through strategic public relations, the ca...
Cycloaddition Reactions of Cobalt-Complexed Macrocyclic Alkynes: The Transannular Pauson–Khand Reaction

The Pauson–Khand reaction is a powerful tool for the synthesis of cyclopentenones through the efficient [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of dicobalt alkyne complexes with alkenes. While intermolecular and intramolecular variants are widely known, transannular versions of this reaction are unknown and the basis of this study. Macrocyclic enyne and dienyne complexes were readily synthesized by palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative macrocyclizations of bis(vinyl boronate esters) or ring-closing metathesis reactions followed by complexation with dicobalt octacarbonyl. Several reaction modalities of these macrocyclic complexes were uncovered. In addition to the first successful transannular Pauson–Khand reactions, other intermolecular and transannular cycloaddition reactions included intermolecular Pauson–Khand reactions, transannular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, intermolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, and intermolecular [2 + 2 + 1 + 1] cycloaddition reactions. The structural and reaction requirements for...
Hard Time: A Content Analysis of Incarcerated Women’s Personal Accounts

As the number of women incarcerated in the United States continues to rise and their complex needs become more apparent, social workers must fortify their historical commitment to criminal justice ...
Dual overcharge protection and solid electrolyte interphase-improving action in Li-ion cells containing a bis-annulated dialkoxyarene electrolyte additive

Abstract 1,4-Dialkoxybenzene additives are commonly used as redox active shuttles in lithium-ion batteries in order to prevent runaway oxidation of electrolyte when overcharge conditions set in. During this action the shuttle molecule goes through a futile cycle, becoming oxidized at the cathode and reduced at the anode. Minimizing parasitic reactions in all states of charge is paramount for sustained protective action. Here we demonstrate that recently developed bis-annulated 9,10-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethano-anthracene shuttle molecule (that yields exceptionally stable radical cations) survives over 120 cycles of overcharge abuse with 100% overcharge ratio at C/5 rate. Equally remarkably, in the presence of this additive the cell impedance becomes significantly lower compared to the control cells without the additive; this decrease is observed during the formation, normal cycling, and even under overcharge conditions. This unusual dual action has not been observed in other redox shuttle systems, and it presents considerable practical interest.
Examining the effect of 5-HTTLPR on depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women 1 year after initial breast cancer treatment.

Depression following the diagnosis of breast cancer has been well documented, and occurs in as many as 40% of women. The serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 and its functional polymorphism 5-HTTLPR have been extensively studied as factors in the development of depression. Many research studies have demonstrated conflicting results, and the contribution of 5-HTTLPR to depression is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between depressive symptoms and serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms between women with early-stage breast cancer 1 year following initial diagnosis and surgery and matched controls. Participants (N = 125), included postmenopausal women following breast cancer surgery (n = 80) and age-and education-matched healthy controls (n = 45). The genetic elements of interest were the long (LA) and short (S) alleles of 5-HTTLPR, as well as the single nucleotide polymorphism rs25531 A > G within the L-allele (LG). DNA was extracted from either blood or saliva and analyzed for the SLC6A4 polymorphisms. The outcome measures for this longitudinal study included Beck Depression Inventory scores and physical function domain scores from the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36. Results: Women with breast cancer demonstrated greater depressive symptomatology and decreased physical function compared to healthy controls. The LA/LA genotype was associated with increased depressive symptomatology in the overall sample and within the controls. The LA/LA genotype appeared with greater frequency in the experimental group, but the relationship with increased depressive symptoms was not observed. Physical function was a significant (p < 0.00) predictor of depressive symptoms in both groups at 12 months. The relationship between 5-HTTLPR and depressive symptomatology in breast cancer patients remains unclear. A potential clinical application includes monitoring physical function and addressing increased depressive symptoms as physical function declines.
The Application of Multi-scale Modeling Technology in Artificial Bone Graft

In view of the preparation of the individual implants for artificial bone grafting procedures, this paper puts forward a new kind multi-scale modeling idea for artificial bone. First, build up the corresponding macro-level CAD model of the patients based on CT data; Secondly, realize the bone’s internal property by analyzing the gray-scale of the patients’ CT image and build up the micro-scale model in Pro/E; Finally, obtain the multi-scale CAD model of the artificial bone that match with the remaining parts by combing the macro-scale and micro-scale model and convert it into STL files to complete the preparation of implants. The further mechanical analysis was finished for the structure selection of multi-scale implantation.
Solute-polymer-water interactions and their manifestations.

This paper reviews recent work on the interactions among solutes, polymers, and water in model food systems. Four possible combinations of ionic or non-ionic solutes and polymers are discussed in terms of their water sorption behavior. Comparisons between experimental values and values calculated by a mass balance equation are made. The salt-protein, sucrose-starch, and salt-starch combinations sorbed less water than that predicted by calculated sorption values. This was attributed to the inability of the interacted solutes to sorb their full complement of water. On the other hand, the sucrose-protein combination exhibited an increase in the amount of water sorbed over that calculated by the mass balance equation. This was attributed to the increased hydration of the protein component, due to an effect of the sucrose. One of the major factors involved in these solute-polymer interactions is the competition for water among the solutes and polymers. This competition, in turn, is greatly influenced by the “state” of the water associated with these components.a Lastly, examples of how biological, chemical, and physico-chemical phenomena in foods are affected by these factors are also given. The phenomena discussed include mold germination, the Maillard reaction, ascorbic acid oxidation, protein functionality, starch gelatinization and retrogradation, and the complication of the order of mixing.
Contingent Claims in Incomplete Markets

The subject of this chapter is the arbitrage pricing and almost sure hedging of contingent claims in markets which are incomplete due to portfolio constraints. It often occurs in such markets that a given contingent claim cannot be hedged perfectly, no matter how large the initial wealth of the would-bG hedging agent. However, it can be the case that with sufficient initial wealth, a hedging agent can construct a portfolio which respects the constraints and still leads to a final wealth that dominates almost surely the payoff of the contingent claim. This chapter distinguishes these two cases and shows how, when possible, to construct the superreplicating portfolio of the second case.
The Theory of the Preferential Sputtering of Alloys, Including the Role of Gibbsian Segregation

Preferential sputtering of alloys leads, not to a profile showing a simple depletion of one component starting at the surface, but to a more complicated situation in which the outermost atom layer shows a composition spike of one component while a depleted region begins at atom layer two. This situation is manifested in experimental profiles, in conflicting results between experiments done (for example) with Ion Scattering and Auger Electron Spectroscopy, in measurements of the angular and energy distributions of sputtered atoms, and in examples such as Ag-Si where one component resists sputtering altogether. At steady state, the composition spike is governed by a conservation relation which equates the ratio of the sputtered fluxes (taking into account both mass and binding effects) to the ratio of bulk compositions. The steady-state second-atom-layer composition is determined by a relation similar to that for equilibrium Gibbsian segregation, but with the segregation ratio governed by a kinetic quantity (K) rather than a thermodynamic one (exp [-ΔGseg/kT]). Nevertheless, K is similar numerically to the composition ratio observed in equilibrium Gibbsian segregation. Beyond the second atom layer there is a composition profile ideally describable (for bombardments at or below ambient temperature) by ion-beam mixing theory, but which can be shown also to admit a tractable diffusion approximation.
Reliability and validity of a motion-based reaction time assessment using a mobile device

AbstractInformation processing speed is often altered following a concussion. Few portable assessments exist to evaluate simple reaction time (SRT) in hospitals and clinics. We evaluated the use of...
1596. Thinking Locally: Can Unit-Specific Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Screening Augment Stewardship Interventions for Febrile Neutropenia?

Background Inappropriate IV vancomycin prescribing for febrile neutropenia (FN) is an excellent stewardship target given well-established guidelines specifying indications for its use. As a supplement to an educational initiative with institutional FN guidelines, we conducted methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization screening to estimate its prevalence on our hematology/oncology unit. We hypothesize that MRSA prevalence data can augment existing stewardship efforts to improve IV vancomycin use in FN.
Eco-Literate Music Pedagogy

Eco-Literate Music Pedagogy examines the capacity of musiciking to cultivate ecological literacy, approaching eco-literate music pedagogy through philosophical and autoethnographical lenses. Building on the principle that music contributes uniquely to human ecological thinking, this volume tracks the course of eco-literate music pedagogy while guiding the discussion forward: What does it mean to embrace the impulse to teach music for ecological literacy? What is it like to theorize eco-literate music pedagogy? What is learned through enacting this pedagogy? How do the impulsion, the theorizing, and the enacting relate to one another? Music education for ecological consciousness is experienced in local places, and this study explores the theory underlying eco-literate music pedagogy in juxtaposition with the author’s personal experiences. The work arrives at a new philosophy for music education: a spiritual praxis rooted in soil communities, one informed by ecology’s intrinsic value for non-human being and musicking. Eco-Literate Music Pedagogy adds to the emerging body of music education literature considering ecological and environmental issues.
Conversion of Quinazoline Modulators from Inhibitors to Activators of β-Glucocerebrosidase.

Gaucher’s disease is a lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1 and GCase) that have been also linked to increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Diffuse Lewy body dementia. Prior studies have suggested that mutant GCase protein undergoes misfolding and degradation, and therefore, stabilization of the mutant protein represents an important therapeutic strategy in synucleinopathies. In this work, we present a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of quinazoline compounds that serve as inhibitors of GCase. Unexpectedly, we found that N-methylation of these inhibitors transformed them into GCase activators. A systematic SAR study further revealed that replacement of the key oxygen atom in the linker of the quinazoline derivative also contributed to the activity switch. PD patient-derived fibroblasts and dopaminergic midbrain neurons were treated with a selected compound (9q) that partially stabilized GCase and improved its activity. These results highlight a no...
Preserving Disappeared or Disappearing Memory in Local Communities: The Fotomo Artwork of Ip Ka Wai (Alexis)

Recommended for 6th-8th gradersWith the accelerated development of cities, many small independent businesses are being replaced by large corporate businesses, and their spaces become either large s...
Changing available energy for extratropical cyclones and associated convection in Northern Hemisphere summer

The circulation of the Northern Hemisphere extratropical troposphere has changed over recent decades, with marked decreases in extratropical cyclone activity and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in summer and increases in the fraction of precipitation that is convective in all seasons. Decreasing EKE in summer is partly explained by a weakening meridional temperature gradient, but changes in vertical temperature gradients and increasing moisture also affect the mean available potential energy (MAPE), which is the energetic reservoir from which extratropical cyclones draw. Furthermore, the relation of changes in mean thermal structure and moisture to changes in convection associated with extratropical cyclones is poorly understood. Here we calculate trends in MAPE for the Northern extratropics in summer over the years 1979-2017, and we decompose MAPE into both convective and nonconvective components. Nonconvective MAPE decreased over this period, consistent with decreases in EKE and extratropical cyclone activity, but convective MAPE increased, implying an increase in the energy available to convection. Calculations with idealized atmospheres indicate that nonconvective and convective MAPE both increase with increasing mean surface temperature and decrease with decreasing meridional surface temperature gradient, but convective MAPE is relatively more sensitive to the increase in mean surface temperature. These results connect changes in the atmospheric mean state with changes in both large-scale and convective circulations, and they suggest that extratropical cyclones can weaken even as their associated convection becomes more energetic.
Writing from Johannesburg: Nadine Gordimer in the global anti-apartheid movement

This article examines how Nadine Gordimer navigated the political exigencies of being an anti-apartheid writer in Johannesburg as the multiracial literary world of the 1950s was destroyed. In the 1...
Inter-relações entre juventudes, educação e tecnologias digitais / Interrelationships among youth, education and digital technologies

O estudo discute as inter-relacoes entre juventudes, educacao e tecnologias digitais, cujo objetivo e analisar asrepercussoes e dilemas que as novas tecnologias digitaistem no processo educativo dos jovens. Estas tecnologias tem gerado mudancas socioculturais, politicas e produtivas, e que, portanto, necessitam ser compreendidas a luz dos multiplos e complexos fatores que se desdobram ao longo dos tempos como forma de sociabilidade. Alguns autores chamam a atencao sobre o fato de que as tecnologias alem de modificar as formas de linguagem, de comportamento e os modos de se relacionar dos sujeitos (lacos de amizade e sociabilidade), tambem estabelecem inter-relacoes com as formacoes sociais, economicas e culturais da vida. Trata-se de um discurso que vem desde o final do seculo XX e inicio do seculo XXI, correspondendo a um conjunto de transformacoes sociais e digitais. Os debates sobre a necessidade de uma conversacao digital emanam por ocasiao do avanco e propagacao das tecnologias, da maior oferta de mercado para o consumo dos artefatos digitais, culminando numa expansao e utilizacao massiva das tecnologias como forma de ideologia. As aporias nos impulsionam para a busca do enfrentamento das formas de feitico institucionalizadas, rumo a emancipacao dos conhecimentos pela reconstrucao intersubjetiva, gerando um agir e um pensar coletivos, atraves das possibilidades de discussoes globais emergentes.
Effect of salinity on seed germination of Triglochin maritima under various temperature regimes

Triglochin maritima L. (arrow grass), an herbaceous perennial in the family Juncaginacea, is widely distributed in inland and coastal salt marshes of North America. Triglochin maritima seeds from a population growing in a salt marsh at Faust, Utah, were germinated at 4 temperature regimes (12-h night/12-h day, 5-15° C, 10-20° C, and 15-25° C) and 5 salinities (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mol m -3 NaCl) to determine optimal conditions for germination and level of salt tolerance. Ungerminated seeds were returned to distilled water after 20 d to determine whether seeds could recover from salinity treatments. Maximum germination occurred in distilled water, and increases in NaCl concentration progressively inhibited seed germination. No seeds germinated at concentrations higher than 400 mol m -3 NaCl. A temperature regime of low night (5° C) and high day (25° C) temperature yielded maximum germination; all other temperature regimes significantly inhibited seed germination relative to this optimum. Recovery of germination was highest at 5-25° C and lowest at 5-15° C. Recovery of seed germination when seeds were transferred to distilled water from salt solutions was highest at 5-25° C (72%) for seeds exposed to the 500 mol m -3 NaCl pretreatment and significantly reduced at other temperature regimes. The recovery germination response indicates a synergistic inhibitory interaction effect on germination when seeds were exposed to high salinities at suboptimal thermoperiods.
A time-dependent model of generator failures and recoveries captures correlated events and quantifies temperature dependence

Abstract Most current approaches to resource adequacy modeling assume that each generator in a power system fails and recovers independently of other generators with invariant transition probabilities. This assumption has been shown to be wrong. Here we present a new statistical model that allows generator failure models to incorporate correlated failures and recoveries. In the model, transition probabilities are a function of exogenous variables; as an example we use temperature and system load. Model parameters are estimated using 23 years of data for 1845 generators in the USA’s largest electricity market. We show that temperature dependencies are statistically significant in all generator types, but are most pronounced for diesel and natural gas generators at low temperatures and nuclear generators at high temperatures. Our approach yields significant improvements in predictive performance compared to current practice, suggesting that explicit models of generator transitions using jointly experienced stressors can help grid planners more precisely manage their systems.
Effect of oral meloxicam administration on growth performance and behavior of pre-weaning age calves following band castration.

The objective of this study was to determine if oral meloxicam (M; a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) administered at castration to pre-weaning age calves affected average daily gain (ADG) or behavior. Prior to castration (d -14), Angus bulls were weighed and randomly assigned to be band castrated (BAN; n = 8; age = 90.2 ± 6.5 d; BW = 146.3 ± 11.4 kg; scrotal circumference = 16.0 ± 0.5 cm) or castrated with M (BAN + M; n = 9; age = 102.1 ± 6.2 d; BW = 146.0 ± 7.7 kg; scrotal circumference = 16.1 ± 0.3 cm). Six bulls selected to remain bulls based on pedigree and phenotype were maintained in the same pasture (BULL; age = 104.2 ± 6.1 d; BW = 172.1 ± 8.7 kg; scrotal circumference = 17.5 ± 0.4 cm). On d 0, BAN and BAN + M had a rubber band applied tightly around the scrotum, and BAN + M also received oral M (2 mg/kg BW). On d 1, 14, and 28, animals were weighed and a blood sample was collected to determine circulating concentrations of haptoglobin and fibrinogen. Data loggers were affixed to the legs of calves immediately prior to castration (d 0) to record behaviors [mean lying time (h/d), mean lying bouts (n/d), and steps (n/d)] at 1-min intervals and removed on d 28. Behavior and plasma data were tested for effect of treatment, day, and treatment × day interaction, and ADG data were tested for effect of treatment, period (d -14 to 1, d 1 to 14, and d 14 to 28), and treatment × period interaction using JMP procedures for repeated measures (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). BULL in period d 0 to 14 had greater ADG than all other treatment period combinations, and BULL had greater ADG than BAN or BAN + M overall (P 0.05). On d 7 and 15, BAN took more steps than BAN + M (P < 0.05). BAN + M had more lying bouts than BAN on d 13 and 14 (P < 0.05). Overall, M administration had no effect on ADG post-castration and only had minor impacts on behavior in calves band castrated pre-weaning.