cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of Cabbage Caterpillar Pests with a Soil Drench of Coragen, 2015

The study was conducted to examine whether a single soil drench after transplanting could provide full-season control of the cabbage caterpillar complex. The study was carried out at the Plant Science Research and Teaching Facility at the University of Connecticut in Storrs, CT. Single rows of “Bravo” cabbage seedlings were transplanted into plastic-mulched beds on 18 May and harvested on 14 Aug. Plants were drenched with approximately 8 oz of water immediately after transplanting and were not irrigated again. Treatment plots consisted of 20 plants each, replicated four times in a RCBD, in two rows, with plants spaced at 1 foot within rows and …
The Canudos Perplex: Three Early “Factions”

A vida de Antonio Vicente Maciel, o “Conselheiro,” como a historia da construcao e destruicao de sua comunidade messiânica, Canudos (1893-1897), tem sido uma fonte inesgotavel para a literatura e o imaginario brasileiros. Na literatura sobre Canudos nota-se uma tendencia para utilizar o genero de “faction” — da historia romantizada ou ficcionalizada. Este ensaio compara Os Jaguncos (1898) de Afonso Arinos, O Rei dos Jaguncos (1899) de Manoel Benicio, e Accidentes da Guerra (1905) de Egmydio Dantas Barreto, que sao os tres primeiros “factions” a tratar o assunto de Canudos. Analisa, portanto, as razoes pelas quais estes autores evitaram os generos (relativamente) “puros” da Reportagem e da Historia, recorrendo em compensacao a um genero misto que acrescenta a suposta veracidade a imaginacao. The life of Antonio Vicente Maciel, the Counselor, along with the story of the construction and destruction of his messianic community, Canudos (1893-1897) have been an inexhaustible source for the Brazilian imaginary and in particular for Brazilian literature. Literary texts treating Canudos tend to use the genre of “faction,” i.e. of novelized or fictionalized history. This essay compares Os Jaguncos (1898) by Afonso Arinos, O Rei dos Jaguncos (1899) by Manoel Benicio, e Accidentes da Guerra (1905) by Emygdio Dantas Barreto, which were the first three such Canudos “factions.” The essay analyzes the reasons for these early authors to reject relatively “pure” genres such as reporting or history in favor of a mixed genre that supplements (supposed) veracity with imagination.
Coup d’État: The Collapse of the Manigat Administration

The coup d’etat has become a commonplace phenomenon in the history of Third World countries. The situation is no different in the case of Latin America in general and Haiti in particular. During the nineteenth century, the coup d’etat in Haiti was a mechanism of transmission of power as one general-president, in the absence of democratic elections, was overthrown and replaced by another. In the first half of the twentieth century (1915–34), the US Marines managed to accomplish what previous Haitian presidents could not achieve: they retrained, professionalized and modernized the army so that the spheres of organizational activity of the army and the civilian government could be identified and mutually respected by both institutions.
Complex bacteriotherapy in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders

R studies have shown the efficacy of complex bacteriotherapy, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), for the treatment of antibiotic refractory Clostridium difficile colitis (C. diff). Serial FMTs have been indicated to potentially cure chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) as well. In the meantime, this therapeutic option has been rarely explored in children while they suffer from treatment refractory C. diff and UC as well. We have recently developed pediatric protocols for intestinal microbiome transplantation (IMT, same as FMT) with frozen filtered stool preparations. The preparations were used with success in a case of moderate to severely active pediatric UC complicated by C. diff infection, and in a case of infliximab dependent UC where the patient was able to stop all conventional therapies. The therapeutic efforts were supported by 454 based pyrosequencing of the fecal and colonic mucosal microbiomes. Our findings will promote the establishment of complex (community based) bacteriotherapy in the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. Richard Kellermayer, J Bacteriol Parasitol 2013, 4:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.S1.004
Impact of concurrent chemotherapy with radiation therapy for elderly patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a review of the National Cancer Data Base

To investigate the utilization and overall survival (OS) impact of concurrent chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy (RT) for elderly glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Elderly patients (age >70) with supratentorial and nonmetastatic GBM who received RT of 20-75 Gy with concurrent single-agent chemotherapy (ChemoRT) or without (RT alone) during 2004-2012 were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). The Cochran-Armitage test was used for trend analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using Cox proportional hazards. Propensity score analysis was performed to reduce selection bias in treatment allocation. A total of 5252 patients were identified (RT alone: n = 1389; ChemoRT: n = 3863). There was increasing utilization of chemotherapy during this period (45-80%, P 80 (25-68%, P < .001). ChemoRT was associated with significantly better OS than RT alone (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.89, P < .001) on multivariate analysis, and similar OS benefit was demonstrated with 1202 pairs of propensity-matched patients (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.86, P < .001). For the matched pair, the median OS was 5.8 months with ChemoRT and 5.0 months with RT alone; the 2-year OS rate was 9% with ChemoRT and 4% with RT alone (P < .001). Concurrent chemotherapy has been administered with RT for the majority of elderly GBM patients. Addition of chemotherapy to RT for elderly GBM patients is associated with significantly improve OS in routine clinical practice.
Understanding digital natives in contentious politics: Explaining the effect of social media on protest participation through psychological incentives:

Many have observed that a new political generation of digital natives has heavily used social media as means of facilitating street protests. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which social media affe...
Fatigue Reliability Assessment of Potential Crack Initiation of Tube-to-Transverse Plate Connections for Cantilever Sign Support Structures

AbstractTube-to-transverse plate stiffened connection details are widely used in cantilevered sign support structures in New Jersey and many other states. This stiffened fillet-welded connection sh...
Ovarian and Decidual Relaxins in Human Pregnancy

The corpus luteum of pregnancy is one source of relaxin in the human (Weiss et al., 1976). Concentrations of relaxin-like immunoactivities in the systemic circulation have been measured by a porcine relaxin RIA (Quagliarello et al., 1979) and more recently by a RIA for synthetic human relaxin (Eddie et al., 1986). The levels of human relaxin in plasma are low in comparison to those in the sow. Peak values attained at between 12–20 weeks are approximately 1 ng/ml, declining thereafter and remaining at between 0.2–0.6 ng/ml for the rest of gestation.
Two-Parameter Lognormal Distribution

The logarithmic normal probability law is widely used to describe the distribution of annual maximum values of hourly or daily precipitation (Weiss, 1957), flood flows (Chow, 1951, 1954), hydraulic conductivity (Freeze and Cherry, 1979), soil properties (physical, chemical and microbiological) (Parkin and Robinson, 1993), etc. Kalinske (1946) found that many times river discharge data and sand sizes followed the normal law if they were logarithmically transformed. Chow (1951, 1954, 1959) gave a historical background of the log-probability law and discussed its wide-ranging application in engineering, and exensively worked with the lognormal distribution. Aitchison and Brown (1957) presented a comprehensive statistical treatment of the lognormal distribution. Parkin et al. (1988) evaluated statistical methods for log-normally distributed variables, including the method of moments, maximum likelihood, and Finney’s method. Parkin and Robinson (1993) evaluated soil properties using log-normal distribution. Brakensiek (1958) employed the least squares method for fitting the log-normal distribution to annual runoff. Moran (1957) fitted a log-normal distribution to fifty annual values of extreme monthly flow of the River Murray in Australia. Lewis (1979) applied log-normal distribution to maximum measured discharges of River Kafue in Africa.Weiss (1957) developed a nomogram for log-normal frequency analysis.Alexander et al. (1969) discussed statistical properties of lognormal distribution. Using mean square error of estimation as a criterion, Stedinger (1980) evaluated the efficiency of alternative methods of fitting the lognormal distribution. Charbeneau (1978) compared two- and three-parameter log-normal distributions for simulation of stream flow.
Bleeding and Thrombotic Complications

Bleeding and thrombotic complications are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing HSCT.
Participating in Change: Engaging Student Veteran Stakeholders in Advocacy Efforts in Clinical Higher Education:

Two independent research teams led by graduate students from clinical disciplines studied the lived experiences of student veterans transitioning from the military into higher education. Additional...
Receipt of direct tobacco mail/email coupons and coupon redemption: Demographic and socioeconomic disparities among adult smokers in the United States.

Abstract A key marketing strategy used by tobacco companies to lower tobacco product prices is the distribution of tobacco coupons via direct marketing channels such as mail or email. We analyzed data on adult smokers from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (n = 10,994) to examine the prevalence and correlates of coupon receipt via both channels, and associations with cigarette coupon redemption. Overall, 22% and 32% of smokers received tobacco coupons via email and mail, respectively, and 22% redeemed cigarette coupons. White, 25–44 year old, female, sexual minority, and more nicotine dependent smokers were more likely to receive coupons via both channels and to redeem coupons, as were smokers with mid-levels education (GED to associate degree) and those unable to pay important bills (OR email receipt = 1.37, 95% CI 1.22–1.54; OR mail receipt = 1.38, 95% CI 1.24–1.55; and OR coupon redemption = 1.44, 95% CI 1.26–1.64). Smokers who received coupons via mail only or via both channels, had three times (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 2.31-3.83) and five times (OR = 4.56, 95% CI 3.61–5.76) higher odds to redeem cigarette coupons compared to those who received them via email only. Major demographic and socioeconomic disparities exist in receipt and redemption of direct email\mail tobacco coupons among US smokers. Cigarette coupons received via direct mail are more likely to be redeemed than coupons received via email. Restrictions on tobacco coupon redemption, implemented jointly with increasing access to affordable cessation resources, may incentivize smokers vulnerable to tobacco marketing tactics to quit.
Entrepreneurship versus philanthropy: can the market fund innovation in the news sector?

As news startups grow and mainstream news continues to struggle, the debate about whether journalism’s future is entrepreneurial or philanthropic has intensified. Still, most of the research is in ...
A filtering strategy for the numerical convergence of radiation transport through purely absorbing particle clouds

Abstract Radiation transport through particle clouds plays a major role in many engineering applications. In this paper, we study this problem by means of solving the radiative transport equation (RTE) on a Eulerian continuous domain. The particle clouds are generated through direct numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes equations coupled with Lagrangian particle transport at different Stokes numbers. We confirm the earlier observation noted in the literature that the solution to the RTE on Eulerian mesh diverges when the Eulerian mesh size is of the order of the particle diameter. This observation is often called the homogenization error stemming from relegation of number density onto the Eulerian domain. In order to circumvent this divergence problem, we propose a filtering strategy that spreads the information of the particles to the neighboring cells in a way that the representation of the particles remains the same even when the mesh size is smaller than that of the particle size. We show through our simulations that our filtering strategy solves the issue of homogenization error for the cases where the Beer-Bouger law is valid.
Electro-Active Plasmonics for Label-Free Voltage Sensing and Electrophysiology

Electric-field sensitivity of metals is inherently low. In this work, we introduce electro-plasmonic nanoresonators as a novel voltage probe that can all-optically measure local electric-fields and electrophysiological signals with high temporal (sub-millisecond) and spatial (subcellular) resolutions in a label-free manner.
Banking on gold in Vietnam

Today central bankers regard gold as an asset but not as money. Does this distinction still hold in a period of financial globalization? This question has taken on great urgency since the 2008 glob...
Disseminated Nonsegmental Vitiligo Associated With Halo Nevi and Premature Gray Hair

Halo nevi (HN) are acquired melanocytic nevi circumferentially surrounded by a depigmented patch. HN are commonly associated with vitiligo and can be associated with uveal, mucosal, or cutaneous melanoma in certain patient populations. HN may also have localized leukotrichia of terminal hair overlying the nevus. We report a less common triad of rapid-onset HN, nonsegmental vitiligo, and premature hair graying (PHG) of scalp hair.
Survey of Anesthesiologists on Topical Vasoconstrictors and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Objectives:Topical vasoconstrictors and intravenous tranexamic acid (IV TXA) are safe and efficacious to decrease bleeding and improve the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The ...
A comparison of the pharmacokinetics and NMDAR antagonism-associated neurotoxicity of ketamine, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine and MK-801.

Abstract With the increasing use of ketamine as an off-label treatment for depression and the recent FDA approval of (S)-ketamine for treatment-resistant depression, there is an increased need to understand the long-term safety profile of chronic ketamine administration. Of particular concern is the neurotoxicity previously observed in rat models following acute exposure to high doses of ketamine, broadly referred to as ‘Olney's lesions’. This type of toxicity presents as abnormal neuronal cellular vacuolization, followed by neuronal death and has been associated with ketamine's inhibition of the N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In this study, a pharmacological and neuropathological analysis of ketamine, the potent NMDAR antagonist MK-801, and the ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine [(2R,6R)-HNK)] in rats is described following both single dose and repeat dose drug exposures. Ketamine dosing was studied up to 20 mg/kg intravenously for the single-dose neuropathology study and up to 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally for the multiple-dose neuropathology study. MK-801 dosing was studied up to 0.8 mg/kg subcutaneously for both the single and multiple-dose neuropathology studies, while (2R,6R)-HNK dosing was studied up to 160 mg/kg intravenously in both studies. These studies confirm dose-dependent induction of ‘Olney's lesions’ following both single dose and repeat dosing of MK-801. Ketamine exposure, while showing common behavioral effects, did not induce wide-spread Olney's lesions. Treatment with (2R,6R)-HNK did not produce behavioral effects, toxicity or any evidence of Olney's lesion formation. Based on these results, future NMDAR-antagonist neurotoxicity studies should strongly consider taking pharmacokinetics more thoroughly into account.
The Magnetic Couples Study: protocol for a mixed methods prospective cohort study of HIV-serodifferent heterosexual couples' perspectives and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Introduction HIV transmission within serodifferent heterosexual couples plays a key role in sustaining the global HIV pandemic. In the USA, transmission within established mixed-status couples accounts for up to half of all new HIV infections among heterosexuals. Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective prevention method, although underutilised among serodifferent couples. Moreover, there is a dearth of research on US HIV-serodifferent couples’ perspectives and use of PrEP, alone or in combination with other prevention methods. In this paper, we describe the study protocol for the Magnetic Couples Study, designed to fill critical knowledge gaps regarding HIV-serodifferent heterosexual couples’ perspectives, experiences and utilisation of PrEP. Methods and analysis The Magnetic Couples Study is a mixed methods prospective cohort study designed to describe temporal patterns and identify determinants at multiple levels (individual, couple, HCF) of PrEP outcomes along the care continuum (PrEP awareness, linkage, uptake, retention and medication adherence) among HIV-serodifferent heterosexual couples residing in New York City. The study will also examine clinical management of PrEP, side effects and changes in sexual-related and substance use–related behaviour. A prospective cohort of 230 mixed-status couples already on oral PrEP was recruited, with quarterly assessments over 18 months; in addition, a cross-sectional sample of 150 mixed-status couples not currently on PrEP was recruited. In-depth semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of 25 couples. Actor-partner interdependence modelling using multilevel analysis will be employed for the analysis of longitudinal dyadic data. Framework analysis will be used to analyse qualitative data. A parallel convergent design will be used for mixed methods integration. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the University of Rochester Institutional Review Board (RSRB00052766). Study findings will be disseminated to community members and providers and to researchers and policy makers.
Best Interests of the Student : Applying Ethical Constructs to Legal Cases in Education

Preface Part I A Conceptual Framework 1 Introduction 2 Conceptualizing an Ethical Framework for Educational Leaders 3 A Model for Promoting the Student's Best Interests 4 The Courts, the Law, and Ethics 5 Applying Ethical Constructs to Legal Cases Part II Students' Fundamental Rights 6 Freedom of Speech 7 Religious Expression 8 Censorship and Viewpoint Discrimination 9 Technology, Cyberbullying, & Sexting 10 The Right to Privacy 11 School Safety and Zero Tolerance Part III School Governance, the Curriculum, and the Student 12 Academic Standards, Assessment, and the Right to Education 13 Teachers, Learning, and the Curriculum 14 Governmental Immunity 15 Equity, Equality, and Equal Protection Part IV Conclusions 16 Conclusions
De-Clothing Sex-Based Classifications - Same-Sex Marriage is Just the Beginning: Achieving Formal Sex Equality in the Modern Era

Last summer the highest court of California extended marriage-rights to same-sex couples, becoming the second U.S. state to do so, after Massachusetts. Shortly afterwards, New York started recognizing same-sex marriages performed outside the state and Connecticut’s highest court recognized the fundamental right of same-sex couples to get married. A few months later, Iowa’s Supreme Court declared its same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional, and Vermont became the first state legislature to legalize same-sex marriage. With these events, within just over five years time, the percentage of Americans living in states that recognize same-sex marriage went from 0% to over 20%. As individual judges correctly noted in three of the six high court marriage decisions of these states, recognizing same-sex marriage rights is an important step towards achieving formal sex equality. After all, men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. Therefore, if a man has the right to marry a woman, then a woman must also have the right to marry a woman, and vice versa. This Article argues that not only same-sex marriage, but also co-ed sports teams, co-ed bathrooms, and sex-neutral pronouns are current constitutional imperatives under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, necessary to achieving formal sex equality, because any sex-based classification should be judged with strict scrutiny. Sex-based classifications, like race-based classifications, are based on an immutable physical trait with little relevance to most sex-segregated rights. Furthermore, sex-based classifications cause negative effects in society, such as increased sex stereotyping and discrimination against those who do not conform to sex-stereotypes. These current problems would be ameliorated by judging sex-based classifications with strict scrutiny and eliminating any remaining sex-based differences in constitutional rights.
The "goodness" of small contemporary permanent magnet electric machines

The interest in adopting electric actuation in Navy ships, and in particular in submarines, usually founders on the Issue of the mass and volume of electric actuators, which are perceived to be significantly worse than those of competing technologies. Certainly looking at the volume, mass, power and torque of a typical 3 phase induction machine, even in comparison with a typical automobile engine products some rather disheartening numbers. This paper will discuss some fundamental principles as originally presented by Laithwaite, as well as some commonly held beliefs, or rules of thumb. The paper will then present some numbers for existing machines, representing standard, generally available technologies today. The paper will then examine some specific designs of special purpose permanent magnet (PM) machines, which produce numbers which appear to confound both the theory and the practice described. Conclusions will be deduced that the small induction machine will eventually lose its place as the drive of choke in small applications, and be relegated to "niche" applications. It will further be concluded that this displacement can be justified on cost alone, with dramatic efficiency increases being simply fortuitous additional benefits.
Three phase domino logic circuit

The speed and area advantage of domino logic circuits compared to static logic circuits makes them a favorite choice for the critical path of high performance processors. However they suffer from low noise margin. Noise is not scaling at the same rate as the supply voltage, and therefore new domino logic circuits are required to increase the noise margin. In this paper a new domino circuit is introduced. Simulations for a 3-input 180 nm AND gate shows that the noise margin can be increased by 62% with only 3% reduction in speed.
Polyphasic Taxonomy of the Genus Vibrio: Numerical Taxonomy of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Related Vibrio Species

A set of 86 bacterial cultures, including 30 strains of Vibrio cholerae, 35 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, and 21 representative strains of Pseudomonas, Spirillum, Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, and marine Vibrio species were tested for a total of 200 characteristics. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics were included in the analysis. Overall deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base compositions and ultrastructure, under the electron microscope, were also examined. The taxonomic data were analyzed by computer by using numerical taxonomy programs designed to sort and cluster strains related phenetically. The V. cholerae strains formed an homogeneous cluster, sharing overall S values of >/=75%. Two strains, V. cholerae NCTC 30 and NCTC 8042, did not fall into the V. cholerae species group when tested by the hypothetical median organism calculation. No separation of "classic" V. cholerae, El Tor vibrios, and nonagglutinable vibrios was observed. These all fell into a single, relatively homogeneous, V. cholerae species cluster. V. parahaemolyticus strains, excepting 5144, 5146, and 5162, designated members of the species V. alginolyticus, clustered at S >/=80%. Characteristics uniformly present in all the Vibrio species examined are given, as are also characteristics and frequency of occurrence for V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. The clusters formed in the numerical taxonomy analyses revealed similar overall DNA base compositions, with the range for the Vibrio species of 40 to 48% guanine plus cytosine. Generic level of relationship of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus is considered dubious. Intra- and intergroup relationships obtained from the numerical taxonomy studies showed highly significant correlation with DNA/DNA reassociation data.
In vitro response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as studied with antiserum to PHA: I. Initiation period, daughter-cell proliferation, and restimulation

Abstract The time that individual lymphocytes must be exposed to PHA in order to be stimulated to synthesize DNA was determined by inactivating PHA with antiserum (anti-PHA). The variation of this required PHA exposure time was compared to the variation of the total initiation time period, that time from the beginning of PHA exposure to DNA synthesis. It was found that cells are PHA-dependent for a variable portion and then PHA-independent for a constant portion of that initiation period. These times are defined here as the in vitro part of the G0 phase (pre-G1) and the entire initial G1 phase, respectively, of the cells' proliferative cycles. The variation in the in vitro G0 phase thus accounts for the variation in the total initiation period. Cultures partially-inhibited with anti-PHA contained cells which divided in essentially PHA-free medium, and the daughter cells of these initial mitotic divisions were found to synthesize DNA and divide without exposure to PHA. When the DNA synthetic response to PHA waned a restimulation DNA synthetic response was produced with the addition of fresh PHA. This restimulation response had a short initiation period that was analysed with anti-PHA inactivation of PHA, and it, too, was found to have two components, PHA-dependent (G0) and PHA-independent (G1). Cells participating in restimulation were shown to be those that had responded earlier in the initial exposure to PHA rather than cells that had never responded at all in vitro. This supports the suggestion that the restimulation response is quick because the cells are ‘primed’ with their initial response. The restimulation response of cultures partially-inhibited with anti-PHA consisted of both previously stimulated cells and cells released from inhibition, with short and long initiation periods, respectively.
Extending plan inference techniques to recognize intentions in information graphics

Plan inference techniques have been used extensively to understand natural language dialogue. But as noted by Clark[5], language and communication are more than just utterances. This paper presents the problems that we have had to address and the solutions that we have devised in designing a system to recognize intentions from information graphics. Our work is part of a larger project to develop an interactive natural language system that provides an alternative means for individuals with sight-impairments to access the content of information graphics.
The High Price of Affluence

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on adjustment problems in a group of youth little studied by developmental scientists thus far–those from families in the upper socioeconomic strata. The objective is to highlight adjustment disturbances that are salient among affluent children and to examine the potential causes of these. Problem domains, as suggested by recent journalistic reports from various parts of the country, are briefly reviewed, all pointing to similar types of disturbances in adjustment. Findings from the own programmatic research based in quantitative empirical methods are described, in which upper-class, suburban middle- and high-school youth are compared with their inner-city counterparts, and then this is followed with relevant evidence from other research on developmental processes. Moreover, the chapter draws on research findings from diverse disciplines ranging from sociology and economics to social and evolutionary psychology.
Size and polydispersity trends found in gold nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation in liquids

In this work, the effect of laser fluence on Au nanoparticles synthesized via laser ablation in liquids is studied for 1064 nm irradiation with 25 ps pulses. Particle size and polydispersity is found to display a negative trend with fluences up to ∼14 J cm(-2). Erratic size tendencies are observed at low fluences, i.e. slightly above the ablation threshold. This overall behavior is reconciled with recent computational studies and to fluctuations in ablation due to surface morphology. The effectiveness of the commonly used surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is shown to diminish at higher fluence due to pyrolysis. In addition, shadowgraph imaging of the cavitation bubble is shown as a useful technique for determining the ablation threshold. Our findings are in good agreement with threshold values determined by traditional methods and are comparable to computational values, when differences in pulse duration are taken into account.
Development of a Hot-rolled Low Carbon Steel with High Yield Strength

A high strength steel with yield strength on the order of 700 MPa had been developed successfully with the addition of titanium alloy element based on a low-carbon steel. The results show the hot deformation accelerates ferrite and pearlite transformation and retards bainite transformation under continuous cooling condition. The strengthening factors of this steel are attributed to the tiny interlocked distribution of bainite laths and titanium carbide precipitation. When the amount of bainite is more than 70%, the yield strength of steel is higher than 700 MPa, and simultaneously ratio of tensile of yield is more than 1.07, and good mechanical performances are obtained. As a result of the presence of finely dispersed cementite particles which improve the work hardening capacity, the ductility of steel is improved, with the steel's elongation being about 19%. Many tiny TiC precipitates are observed under transmission electron micrograph (TEM), and these particles result in precipitation strengthening.
The handbook of play therapy and therapeutic play.

2009 (Second Edition), Routledge, London 281 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures Paperback, ISBN 978-0-415-43942-8, ZAR1 262.95
Dynamic load-aware routing in ad hoc networks

Ad hoc networks are deployed in situations where no base station is available and a network has to be built impromptu. Since there is no wired backbone, each host is a router and a packet forwarder. Each node may be mobile, and topology changes frequently and unpredictably. Routing protocol development has received much attention because mobility management and efficient bandwidth and power usage are critical in ad hoc networks. No existing protocol however, considers the load as the main route selection criteria. This routing philosophy can lead to network congestion and create bottlenecks. We present dynamic load-aware routing (DLAR) protocol that considers intermediate node routing loads as the primary route selection metric. The protocol also monitors the congestion status of active routes and reconstructs the path when nodes of the route have their interface queue overloaded. We describe three DLAR algorithms and show their effectiveness by presenting and comparing simulation results with an ad hoc routing protocol that uses the shortest paths.
Fast private norm estimation and heavy hitters

We consider the problems of computing the Euclidean norm of the difference of two vectors and, as an application, computing the large components (Heavy Hitters) in the difference. We provide protocols that are approximate but private in the semi-honest model and efficient in terms of time and communication in the vector length N. We provide the following, which can serve as building blocks to other protocols: - Euclidean norm problem: we give a protocol with quasi-linear local computation and polylogarithmic communication in N leaking only the true value of the norm. For processing massive datasets, the intended application, where N is typically huge, our improvement over a recent result with quadratic runtime is significant. - Heavy Hitters problem: suppose, for a prescribed B, we want the B largest components in the difference vector. We give a protocol with quasi-linear local computation and polylogarithmic communication leaking only the set of true B largest components and the Euclidean norm of the difference vector. We justify the leakage as (1) desirable, since it gives a measure of goodness of approximation; or (2) inevitable, since we show that there are contexts where linear communication is required for approximating the Heavy Hitters.
Identification of optimal site of G1 placement for median orthodromic palmar nerve conduction study.

Introduction: G1 electrode placement at the distal wrist crease during the median orthodromic palmar nerve conduction study (NCS) could result in a false negative study if compression is more proximal. Methods: In this study we aimed to determine the effect of median G1 electrode placement on distal latencies and amplitudes. Methods Median orthodromic palmar NCS was performed with the G1 electrode at the wrist crease and 2 cm proximal, stimulating 8 cm distal to G1. The difference in the distal latencies and amplitudes between the 2 recording sites was calculated. Results: In 26 controls and 25 carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients, the mean proximal–distal latency difference and percent amplitude decrease (distal vs. proximal) was −0.085 ms/53% (controls) and −0.072 ms/45% (CTS). Conclusion: Distal latency is not significantly affected by G1 placement in the median orthodromic palmar NCS, but the amplitudes are nearly twice as high when G1 is placed 2 cm proximal to the wrist crease. Muscle Nerve, 2015
Estimating the detectability of target luminances.

The literature on the absolute threshold for seeing was used to develop a method for estimating the probability of detection of a light given only the luminance threshold value as information, and for predicting the luminance threshold as a function of target size and duration. The analysis also supported the general conclusion that for small visual areas and up to a critical duration, there is a reciprocity between duration and luminance and that the critical duration decreases with increasing area. It did not support the conclusion of a similar reciprocity or trade-off between luminance and area.
Examining the Level of Convergence Among Self-Regulated Learning Microanalytic Processes, Achievement, and a Self-Report Questionnaire

This study examined the convergent and predictive validity of self-regulated learning (SRL) microanalytic measures. Specifically, theoretically based relations among a set of self-reflection proces...
Serum pepsinogens as markers of response to therapy for Helicobacter pylori gastritis

We have investigated the effect of therapy for Helicobacter pylori gastritis on serum concentrations of pepsinogen I and II in 43 patients. In the 22 patients in whom therapy resulted in dramatic decrease in gastritis scores and in clearance of the bacteria, there was a highly significant (P = 0.0001) fall in mean serum pepsinogen II from 13.3 +/- 0.8 to 7.9 +/- 0.7 micrograms/liter, and a less pronounced fall in pepsinogen I from 89.0 +/- 5.9 to 78.5 +/- 0.4 micrograms/liter (P = 0.01). These changes resulted in a significant (P = 0.01) increase in the pepsinogen I/II ratio. In contrast, nonsignificant declines of 3.5% and 11.6% were observed in mean pepsinogen I and II levels in the 21 patients whose gastritis failed to resolve histologically and whose infection did not clear. These findings suggest that serum pepsinogen levels, especially pepsinogen II, are a new tool that may be found to be clinically useful in evaluation of treatment outcome in patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis.
Speech style, gender stereotypes, and corporate success: What if women talk more like men?

This study tests competing socialization- and identity-based hypotheses concerning the impact of variations in speech style (powerful/powerless) on perceptions of male and female managerial job applicants. In addition, we investigate the effect of the gender of the observer on sensitivity to variation in speech style. Supportive of the socialization hypothesis, speech style has a significant effect on expectations of “success” and “acceptance” in a managerial position, as well as on attributions of situationally relevant traits regardless of the gender of the applicant. However, the identity perspective is supported by the finding that gender of the applicant affects perceptions of “liking” and attributions of gender-linked traits. We argue that the relevance of evaluative dimensions and traits for a particular context affects the impact of gender on the interpretation of actions. As predicted, female observers were more sensitive to variations in speech style. In fact, the effects of speech style on evaluations of applicants disappeared when only male responses were considered. The implications of these findings for equal opportunity in hiring and promotion are discussed.
The dark side of normal: A psychopathy-linked pattern called aberrant self-promotion

These studies investigate a personality and behavior pattern called aberrant self-promotion, conceptualized as a subclinical form of psychopathy. Aberrant self-promoters (ASPs) are theoretically defined as individuals characterized by a narcissistic personality configuration in combination with antisocial behavior. The first study verifies the existence of persons who manifest the ASP pattern. The second study validates the pattern, using as criteria the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) interview and records of antisocial behavior. In the first study a 179-item questionnaire, composed of five personality instruments, was administered to two separate samples of normal subjects (N = 214 and 367). ASPs were targeted by three methods: cluster analysis, item factor analysis, and person factor analysis. In Sample 1 the three methods demonstrated a convergence of 92 per cent in identifying the same individuals as ASPs; in Sample 2 the convergence rate was 94 per cent. In the second study 32 ASPs targeted in Study 1 were compared to 30 non-ASPS. The ASPs had significantly higher scores on the PCL-R and had committed significantly more antisocial acts than the non-ASPS. The general discussion focuses on the practical, theoretical, and measurement implications of considering aberrant self-promotion a distinct psychological motif. Language: en
Upholding Humanitarian Principles in an Effective Integrated Response

The integration of political, military, and humanitarian action in responding to complex emergencies offers a compelling promise of resolving long-term problems and thereby providing peace and stability to an entire population. Significant changes are needed, however, to realize this promise fully. The most critical improvements relate to strengthening the humanitarian leadership within the UN system and so refocusing the collective effort on the protection of vulnerable civilians. A movement of independent, complementary agencies working together to realize protection will strengthen the humanitarian component of integrated missions and make a difference in people's lives.
Angiotensin–converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angio–oedema

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are used increasingly for the treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure, and they reduce mortality when given after myocardial infarction. Of the patients prescribed these drugs 0.1-0.7% develop angio-oedema, but the association is not widely recognized. In 60% of cases the onset occurs during the first week of treatment; however, it may be considerably delayed. Angio-oedema nearly always occurs on the head and neck, frequently involving the mouth, tongue, pharynx and larynx. The course is unpredictable, and attacks vary in severity from mild to fatal from laryngeal obstruction. Severe ACEI-induced angio-oedema may require emergency treatment with adrenalin and early intubation. The drug should be withdrawn in any patient who presents with ACEI-induced angio-oedema, and treatment continued with an appropriate drug of a different class. Therapy with ACEIs is contraindicated in patients with a prior history of idiopathic angio-oedema, or in patients with hereditary or acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.
Survey of imported green coffee beans for pesticide residues

The US Food and Drug Administration carries out incidence/level monitoring in order to acquire data on the presence and amounts of pesticide residues in particular commodity/chemical combinations. In the survey reported here, imported green coffee beans were analysed for a variety of pesticide chemicals. A total of 60 green coffee samples were collected from 21 countries that are major exporters of coffee to the United States. The samples were analysed for organochlorine/organophosphorus, N-methyl carbamate, benomyl group and EBDC residues. Four samples had detectable residues: chlorpyrifos, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ppm and pirimiphos-methyl, 0.01 ppm. The majority (93%) of the green coffee samples analysed in this survey had no detectable pesticide residues.
INHIBITIONS ON FEEDING EXAMINED IN RHESUS MONKEYS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC DISCONNEXIONS

In rhesus monkeys with knife cuts which disconnected the ventromedial hypothalamus and produced hypothalamic hyperphagia, we have studied a variety of stimuli known to reduce food intake: weight gain, emotionally arousing stimuli, bitter-tasting food, amphetamine, and pre-prandial intragastric infusion of nutrient. We demonstrate that these animals are similar to animals with ventromedial lesions in passing through a "dynamic" phase of overeating and weight gain and then stabilizing their body weight at a new level by reducing their feeding in a "static" phase. These animals are also more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of noise and bad taste in food. They, however, are less sensitive to the anorexic action of amphetamine. These results suggest that the ventromedial region is not crucial for the inhibitions produced by emotional arousal under our experimental conditions, but plays some role in amphetamine anorexia. Amphetamine is likely to have some specific anorexic action beyond its potential for arousal, since the same animals which are sensitive to the inhibitory effects of arousal are also resistant to amphetamine. Finally these hyperphagic animals do not differ from intact controls in the reduction of food intake produced by preloading with intragastric nutrient. This result is not consistent with the concepts that hypothalamic hyperphagia is caused by a disruption of satiety and that the ventromedial hypothalmic region is a crucial "satiety" centre.
Group Work Is Not Just for the Group Class Anymore: Teaching Generic Group Competency Skills Across the Counselor Education Curriculum

This article makes a case for teaching generic group competency skills (GCS) across the counselor education curriculum. After presenting their assumptions the authors will demonstrate the use of GCS in several counselor education courses and discuss teaching applications.
Disruptive mating behavior by subadult Armenian wild sheep in Iran

Abstract The mating behavior of an insular Armenian wild sheep population ( Ovis orientalis gmelini ) and a Transcaspian urial ( Ovis orientalis arkal ) population was quantified during the rutting season in December 1972, and November and December 1973, respectively. Males were grouped into two age classes; Class I (≤ 4 years) and Class II (≥ 5 years). Typically, older rams prevent younger rams from participating in the rut through threatening gestures; subadult rams will not ordinarily challenge adult rams as was the case in the Transcaspian population. In the Armenian population, subadult rams hurriedly approached ewes and chased and mounted ewes. Subadult Armenian rams disrupted the social stability of the population resulting in wasted energy, particularly in ewes, at a critical time of the year. Wildlife managers should monitor wild ungulate populations to determine if such disruptions are occurring and develop preventative management strategies.
Effects of surface contamination on fluid flow

Surface contamination effects on fluid flow across a glass surface have been examined in the absence and presence of a fluid meniscus. The flow of water in the absence of a fluid meniscus is unaffected by contamination of the glass surface with propanol. Meniscus motion across a glass surface, however, is affected by surface contamination and demonstrates dissipative stick-slip behavior. Dissipative meniscus motion and the dependence of meniscus mobility on surface contamination contribute to the attenuation measured in partially saturated artificial glass cracks, and may be an important component of the seismic attenuation in partially saturated rocks.
Five-year changes in North Carolina outpatient cardiac rehabilitation.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe cardiac rehabilitation programming, barriers to participation, and reasons for dropout in North Carolina from a program director's perspective and to compare those results with those of a similar statewide survey conducted 5 years earlier. METHODS In 1999 and 2004, a survey was mailed to all North Carolina program directors of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs. The response rate was 85% (61/72) in 1999 and 79% (61/77) in 2004. RESULTS More than 85% of North Carolinians older than 40 years lived within a 15-mile buffer of an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program in 2004. Most programs were staffed with personnel trained in nursing, exercise physiology, and nutrition in 1999 and 2004. Women and African Americans remained disproportionately underrepresented as participants in the program for both years. In 2004, approximately one third of cardiac rehabilitation programs reported having a referral to rehabilitation on the hospital discharge plan for myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery. In 1999 and 2004, the most frequently reported barrier to participation remained financial, followed by lack of interest or motivation and workplace conflicts. Work conflicts, lack of interest, and comorbidities were the most frequently reported reasons for dropping out from cardiac rehabilitation programs in both 1999 and 2004. CONCLUSIONS Increasing participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs by addressing barriers at multiple levels may facilitate greater patient participation. This statewide survey could be used in other states as a surveillance tool, to track changes in rehabilitation over time from a program director's perspective.
Metal Adhesion to Si Substrates with Varying Surface Conditions

Adhesion in multi-layer thin film structures was measured using the four-point bend technique. The investigation primarily focused on layers found in the backside metalization processes of Power MOSFETs (typically in a DMOSFET or U-MOSFET structure). Variation in metal layer and substrate condition produced changes in the adhesion behavior of the systems of interest. Pt, Cu, and Ti metals were applied to Si and SiO2 surfaces with various roughnesses in order to establish the relative contributions of surface chemistry and roughness variation. G values ranging from 2 – 100 J/m2 were measured and it was found that variation in surface chemistry has a larger impact than roughness on the adhesion strength of the systems investigated. The four-point bend adhesion test was determined to be adequate for the measurement of weak to intermediate adhesion of metals on Si wafers with RMS roughness values on the order of the metal film thickness.