cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internal Model Power Synchronization Control of a PV-Based Voltage-Source Converter in Weak-Grid and Islanded Conditions

The power synchronization control strategy for grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs) provides an operation similar to synchronous machines. It is able to avoid the instability caused by a standard phase-locked loop in integration into weak grids. However, the non-minimum phase phenomenon in the developed dynamics places a fundamental limitation on the ac system's stability. This paper proposes a one-degree-of-freedom internal-model-based control methodology. It introduces a control approach to incorporate the dynamics of the system's nominal model in the control structure. It also rectifies the unwanted effects of the right-half plane zeros. The explicit incorporation of the model enhances the tracking capabilities of the controller in a PV-based VSC. Besides, this article shows that a single-loop of control will suffice to regulate active and reactive power. Validating results are generated via a hardware-in-the-loop system based on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 SoC field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Furthermore, experimental results are conducted for low-power prototyping to examine the satisfactory performance of the proposed control architecture.
Forensic Analysis of the August Smart Device Ecosystem

Smart Homes are becoming increasingly popular with homeowners investing in new internet-connected technologies, from smart plugs to smart appliances. One particular area where homeowners use smart devices is at the front door, as they install smart doorbells and smart locks. In this paper, we embark on an investigative journey into the August smart device ecosystem, specifically looking at the interaction between the August Smart Doorbell Pro and the August Smart Lock Pro, with their controlling app, August Home. We aim to determine what type of data forensic investigators may be able to recover about these devices and their use. We also explore how these devices interact with each other, noting any privacy issues that may be discovered. We found that a wealth of forensic data could be recovered, particularly from rooted Android devices and jailbroken iPhone devices. Information about the owner of the smart device, guests who were given access to the devices, device interactions, and pictures taken by the doorbell camera, were all recoverable in plaintext. Our results also show that user’s GPS coordinates associated with the lock’s Auto-Unlock feature were recovered only from a rooted Android device.
Modeling the Dynamic Sensory Discharges of Insect Campaniform Sensilla

Insects monitor the forces on their legs via sensory organs called campaniform sensilla (CS) that detect cuticular strain. The afferent signals from the CS produce highly dynamic, adaptive responses to even “simple” stimuli. To better understand the advantageous properties of the system, we constructed a dynamical model that describes some of these adaptive responses. We tuned the model parameters to reproduce the response time-courses from experimental data, and found that the model could describe a variety of additional responses with these same parameter values, suggesting that the model replicates the underlying dynamics of CS afferents without overfitting to the data. In addition, our model captures several gross characteristics of CS responses: 1) Responses encode the magnitude of the applied force; 2) The peak response reflects the rate at which the force is applied; 3) The response adapts to constant applied forces; and 4) The response shows hysteresis under cyclic loading. Improved replication of CS responses to applied forces will enable a more thorough understanding of how the nervous system detects forces and controls walking, and will lead to the development of more robust, self-calibrating strain sensors for robots.
To Read or Not to Read? Exploring the Reading Habits of Hospitality Management Students

College educators may have concerns about the reading habits of their students in general and within disciplines, and may wish to understand more about their students’ reading habits. Therefore, th...
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in children with trisomy 21

Background Respiratory conditions are the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children with Trisomy 21 (T21). Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) occurs at higher frequency in children with T21; yet, it is not widely studied nor is there a standardized approach to diagnosis or management. The objective of this study was to identify children with T21 and DAH in order to understand contributing factors and identify opportunities to improve outcomes. We identified 5 children with T21 at a single institution with histology-proven DAH over 10 years and discuss their presentation, evaluation, management, and outcomes. We also reviewed the cases in the literature. Case presentation Patient 1 died at age seven due to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. DAH was seen on autopsy. Patient 2 was a three-year-old with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis diagnosed with DAH after presenting for hypoxia. Patient 3 was diagnosed with DAH at age nine after presenting with recurrent suspected pneumonia and aspiration. Patient 4 was diagnosed with DAH at age eight after presenting with pallor and fatigue. She had additional ICU admissions for DAH with infections. Patient 5 developed hemoptysis at age three and had recurrent DAH for 10 years. Four patients responded positively to immune-modulation such as intravenous immunoglobulin, glucocorticoids, and rituximab. Of the 19 patients identified in the literature, only one was from the United States. The majority had anemia, respiratory distress, autoantibodies, and recurrences. Very few patients had hemoptysis. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis was the most common diagnosis. Almost all received glucocorticoids with or without additional immunosuppression. The majority of our patients and those in the literature had positive auto-antibodies such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-nuclear antigen antibodies. Diagnostic clues included respiratory distress, hypoxia, anemia, recurrent pneumonia, and/or ground glass opacities on imaging. We identified four contributors to DAH: structural lung abnormalities, pulmonary arterial hypertension, infection/aspiration, and autoimmune disease/immune dysregulation. Conclusion These cases demonstrate the need for an increased index of suspicion for DAH in children with T21, particularly given the low frequency of hemoptysis at presentation, enrich the understanding of risk factors, and highlight the favorable response to immunosuppressive therapies in this vulnerable population.
Declining Competition and Investment in the U.S

The U.S. business sector has under-invested relative to Tobin's Q since the early 2000's. We argue that declining competition is partly responsible for this phenomenon. We use a combination of natural experiments and instrumental variables to establish a causal relationship between competition and investment. Within manufacturing, we show that industry leaders invest and innovate more in response to exogenous changes in Chinese competition. Beyond manufacturing we show that excess entry in the late 1990's, which is orthogonal to demand shocks in the 2000's, predicts higher industry investment given Q. Finally, we provide some evidence that the increase in concentration can be explained by increasing regulations.
Increased Stress, Declining Mental Health: Emerging Adults’ Experiences in College During COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic altered the college experience and substantially impacted emerging adults’ navigation of this life stage. This concurrent mixed-methods study used an online survey, distribute...
Knowledge, boundaries, and bodies: Social construction between medical sociology and science and technology studies

Medical sociology and science and technology studies (STS) emerged from different positions, but often closely related concerns, within the broad discipline of sociology. Their interface and areas of overlap have mostly been shaped by theoretical positions broadly considered “social constructionist.” Taken together, these perspectives provide empirical and theoretical tools to analyze important questions about how social inequalities, forms of scientific knowledge, and patterns of human health come to be produced and feedback into one another. Examining their intersection enables sociological questions such as: How is medical and public health scientific knowledge produced, stabilized, and taken as fact? How are scientific facts about health and illness used, experienced, and challenged? What is the relationship between health inequalities and public health or medical knowledge? This article seeks to briefly trace the important contributions that social constructionist research has made at the interstices of medical sociology and STS, further clarifying the history, points of intersection, and areas of diversion between them. The current COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled the political struggles that constitute public health scientific knowledge and circulation. The interface between STS and medical sociology can help us to make sense of the interrelationships between politics, power inequalities, and public health scientific knowledge. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Sensory Law Library

Moving into a new law school building inspired musings about the different ways one experiences a library, from the sight of rows of shelving to the sound of flip-flops on cement steps.
We Products Versus me Products: The Interdependt Self in the Adoption and use of Products

Understanding the effects of culture on the adoption and diffusion of new products is important for managers. Large multinational corporations such as Proctor and Gamble, Sony, and Nestle make a large percentage of their profits from overseas markets for their products. Many smaller firms also derive a large part of their income from international sales as well. The question of what types of products will be adopted by consumers in other cultures is of concern to these firms.
Existence and Uniqueness of Equilibrium in Nonoptimal Unbounded Infinite Horizon Economies with Capital

In applied work in macroeconomics and finance, nonoptimal infinite horizon economies are often studied in which the state space is unbounded. Important examples of such economies are single sector growth models with production externalities, valued fiat money, monopolistic competition, and/or distortionary government taxation. Although sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of Markovian equilibrium are well known for the compact state space case, no similar sufficient conditions exist for unbounded growth. This paper provides such a set of sufficient conditions, and also presents a computational algorithm that will prove asymptotically consistent when computing Markovian equilibrium.
Acquisition of Task Performance Skills from a Human Expert for Teaching a Machining Robot

A new method for acquiring task performance skills from human experts is presented. In grinding and deburring, a human expert moves a tool at an optimal feedrate and cutting force as well as with an appropriate compliance for holding the tool. An experienced worker can select the correct strategy for performing a task and change it dynamically in accordance with the task process state. In this paper, the human expertise for selecting a task strategy that accords with the process characteristics is modeled as an associative mapping, and represented and generated by using a neural network. First, the control strategy for manipulating a tool is described in terms of feedforward inputs and tool holding dynamics. The parameters and variables representing the control strategy are then identified by using teaching data taken from a demonstration by an expert. The task process is also modeled and characterized by a set of parameters, which are identified by using this same teaching data. Combining the two sets of identified parameters, we can derive an associative mapping from the task process characteristics to the task strategy parameters. Using a nueral network, this associative mapping is generated through learning operations. The method is applied to grinding, and implemented on a direct-drive robot. It is shown that the robot is able to associate a correct control strategy with process characteristics in a manner similar to that of the human expert.
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Rat

This unit details the materials and methods required for both active induction and adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL mouse strain using intact proteins or peptides from the two major myelin proteins: proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Detailed materials and methods required for the purification of both PLP and MBP are also described. Modifications of the specified protocols may be necessary for efficient induction of active or adoptive EAE in other mouse strains.
Energy Minimization Calculations for Diamond (111) Surface Reconstructions

Total energies are calculated for a variety of structural models for the reconstructed 2 × 1 diamond (111) surface. An ab initio LCAO approach to local density theory, which incorporates a self-consistent treatment of interatomic charge transfer, is used. Among the structural models considered are the Haneman buckled, the Pandey π-bonded chain, the Chadi π-bonded molecule, and the Seiwatz single-chain models. The results strongly favor the π-bonded chain model; the others are shown to be implausible. When fully relaxed, the π-bonded chain model has an energy of ~0.3 eV/surface-atom lower than that of the relaxed 1 × 1 surface. No dimerization of the surface chain is found to occur.
Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis associated with intranasal drug use

Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis (CIFS) is a rare but potentially aggressive form of invasive fungal disease that occurs in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of CIFS in an otherwise healthy young adult associated with intranasal illicit drug abuse. The patient presented with nonhealing nasal septal and palatal perforations. Biopsy demonstrated invasive Aspergillus flavus requiring surgical debridement and extended intravenous antifungal therapy. Tissue necrosis and ulceration related to intranasal drug use should be recognized as a potential risk factor for invasive fungal sinusitis. Laryngoscope, 125:2656–2659, 2015
Of Tuna and Tonnaroti

Mattanza Love and Death in the Sea of Sicily. Theresa Maggio. Perseus, Cambridge, MA, 2000. 279 pp. $25, C$37.95, £17.50. ISBN 0-7382-0269-X. Based on a decade of observing Sicilian fishermen and their annual trapping of giant bluefin tuna, Maggio9s lyrical tale combines the natural history of the fish with a heartfelt account of a dying tradition.
Continuous improvement journey at Du Pont photomasks

This paper describes the history and experiences of Du Pont Photomasks in their efforts to integrate the continuous improvement philosophy and practices embodied in the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria into their way of doing business. A case study of key learnings in this almost four year long process is presented. Specific topics discussed include the process applied to achieve ISO 9000 certification, the quality systems deployed in this effort, and the use of a balanced set of business and quality metrics to assess and improve upon performance.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Modeling Dialogue Structure with Adjacency Pair Analysis and Hidden Markov Models

Automatically detecting dialogue structure within corpora of human-human dialogue is the subject of increasing attention. In the domain of tutorial dialogue, automatic discovery of dialogue structure is of particular interest because these structures inherently represent tutorial strategies or modes, the study of which is key to the design of intelligent tutoring systems that communicate with learners through natural language. We propose a methodology in which a corpus of human-human tutorial dialogue is first manually annotated with dialogue acts. Dependent adjacency pairs of these acts are then identified through X2 analysis, and hidden Markov modeling is applied to the observed sequences to induce a descriptive model of the dialogue structure.
Oxygenated dienes and the synthesis of methylenedioxybiphenyl derivatives

Abstract New dienoate and trienoate esters 5, 8, 9 and 10 are described. Their preparation by the two standard variants of the Wittig reaction led to an uncommon reversal of utility in that the phosphorane procedure proved much superior to the phosphonate anion procedure. Reactivities of the new dienoate esters 8 and 10 and of the related diene aldehyde derivatives 3 and 4 toward several dienophiles were explored. Through the halolactonization reaction, selective protection of one carboxyl function in a tetrahydrophthalic acid derivative was achieved, allowing esterification of the other and removal of the first in an oxidative decarboxylation. The oxidative decarboxylation was brought about by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone, a novel reaction for quinones. The combination of these reactions allowed selective syntheses of 2- and 3-piperonylbenzoic acids ( 17 and 19 ) and their ethyl esters ( 18 and 20 ) and of the parent 3,4-methylenedioxybiphenyl ( 16 ), Aspects of the NMR spectra of a number of these compounds are discussed, as they shed light on the rigid conformation expected for bridged halolactones.
Invariants of the Haldane-Shastry SU(N) chain.

Using a formalism developed by Polychronakos, we explicitly construct a set of invariants of the motion for the Haldane-Shastry SU(N) chain.
Design of Hyper Compressor Packing Cup Rings for Optimum Fatigue Life

Fatigue analyses of the inner and outer rings of hyper compressor retainers were performed to determine the optimum interference fit and interference fit diameter to maximize the fatigue life of both the inner and outer rings when subjected to cyclic operating internal pressures. The relationships between the optimum interference fit diameter, the amount of interference and cyclic pressures are derived using the fatigue analysis methodology of the ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 3. The effect of axial preload is evaluated, and the results are checked using the finite element method.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbiased Estimation (MIVQUE) of Variance Components

Minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimators (MIVQUE's) of variance components from unbalanced data are obtained for the one-way classification random model under normality. Explicit, computable expressions are given for the estimators, their variances, and their covariance. The variance expressions provide readily-calculated lower bounds for the variances of any quadratic unbiased estimators of the variance components. For unbalanced data, the estimators are functions of the data and of constants σ ao 2 and σ e 2, taken as a priori estimates of the variance components σ a 2 and σ e 2. The estimators are, for unbalanced data, only locally minimum variance, i.e., they are only minimum variance when σ ao 2 = σ a 2 and σ eo 2 = σ e 2. However, numerical results suggest that the “MIVQUE” of σ a 2 may have much smaller variance than the usual ANOVA estimator with unbalanced data, even when σ ao 2 and σ eo 2 deviate considerably from σ a 2 and σ e 2 respectively. In contrast, the ANOVA estimator of σ e 2 seem...
Elastic and inelastic scattering models in ion-atom collisions

Abstract We report on a study of resonant elastic and inelastic scattering of quasi-free electrons from O7+. Calculations are compared with recent experimental double differential electron scattering cross sections (DDCS) for 13.8 MeV O7+ + H2 at θlab = 0°. The measured DDCS of the binary encounter electrons including the 2p 2 1 D resonance are in excellent agreement with the corresponding theoretical values calculated within the elastic electron scattering model. Calculations of excitation to 2s 2p from the ground state of O7+ by electrons were performed with the R-matrix approach that included the contribution of the 3l3l′ autoionizing resonances. The experimental DDCS for 20.25 MeV O7+ + H2 at θlab = 0° clearly show the resonance features and are in reasonable agreement with the calculations using the inelastic electron scattering model.
Practical assessment of magnetic methods for corrosion detection in an adjacent precast, prestressed concrete box-beam bridge

Magnetic methods are progressing in the detection of corrosion in prestressing strands in adjacent precast, prestressed concrete box-beam bridges. This study is the first field trial of magnetic strand defect detection systems on an adjacent box-beam bridge. A bridge in Fayette County, Ohio, which was scheduled for demolition, was inspected. Damage to prestressed box-beams is often due to corrosion of the prestressing strands. The corroded strands show discontinuities and a reduced cross-sectional area. These changes, due to corrosion, are reflected in the magnetic signatures of the prestressing steel. Corrosion in the prestressing steel was detected using two magnetic methods, namely the ‘magnetic flux leakage’ (MFL) and the ‘induced magnetic field’. The purpose of these tests was to demonstrate the ability of the magnetic methods to detect hidden corrosion in box-beams in the field and tackle the logistic problem of inspecting box-beams from the bottom. The inspections were validated by dissecting the b...
Estrogenic regulation and sex dimorphism of growth-associated protein 43 kDa (GAP-43) messenger RNA in the rat.

Abstract In addition to effects on brain protein synthesis, neurotransmitter release, and electrophysiology, estrogens alter neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. This study examined in the adult rat the effects of estrogen and sex on the expression of the GAP-43 gene; encoding a phosphoprotein structurally and physiologically linked to these two processes in the rat CNS. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were injected with vehicle or estrogen, or male and female rats were either gonadectomized or left intact. Brains were dissected to obtain ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), posterior hypothalamus (PH), or frontal cortex (CTX). Total RNA from these areas were extracted, and slot-blots of equal masses of total RNA were hybridized to 32 P-labeled cDNAs for GAP-43 and β-actin, and also to synthetic poly-dT. Resultant autoradiograms were scanned by laser densitometry, quantitated, and ratios of the gray scale generated by each probe were compared between experimental groups. GAP-43 mRNA expression, when compared to expression of either β-actin mRNA or total poly(A)-containing RNA (poly(A) RNA), was higher in VMH and PH as compared to CTX. Estrogen treatment of OVX rats resulted in a 48–74% increase in GAP-43 mRNA levels in the VMH—in one experiment, this increase was noted after 2 h of estradiol treatment, and in another after 3 days of estradiol benzoate treatment; but PH and CTX were unaffected by either estrogen regimen. Conversely, ovariectomy of intact rats decreased GAP-43 mRNA expression by 45% in the VMH, but not in the CTX. Males exhibited 1.5–2 fold higher GAP-43 gene expression in both VMH and CTX as compared to females, and this increase was unaffected by gonadectomy. The results of these studies document: (1) the estrogenic regulation of GAP-43 mRNA levels in an estrogen-sensitive area of the female rat brain; and (2) a sex difference in GAP-43 gene expression in both VMH and CTX, which is unaffected by gonadectomy. These results support the notion that GAP-43 gene expression is sexually dimorphic and hormonally regulated, and may help to account for sexually dimorphic structural differences in various limbic system areas thought to be important in the process of neuroendocrine maturation.
Decay of ecosystem differences and decoupling of tree community-soil environment relationships at ecotones

Ecotones are important landscape features where there is a transition between adjoining ecosystems. However, there are few generalized hypotheses about the response of communities to ecotones, except for a proposed increase in species richness that receives varying empirical support. Based on the assumption that transport of abiotic material and dispersal of organism propagules across ecotones are independent processes, we propose the new hypothesis that ecotones decouple community-environment relationships, increasing the importance of spatial structure that is independent of the environment. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of ecotones on relationships between trees and soil properties in a temperate deciduous forest. The study area included different landforms defined by topography, hydrology, and geomorphology, which we designated upland, bottomland, and riparian forests. The site also included a mowed herbaceous corridor. We found that soil properties and tree community composition significantly differed among landforms, and thus they could be treated as differing ecosystem types. However, inclusion of plots near ecotones significantly reduced the variance explained by landform due to introduction of increased noise, increased similarity of ecotone plots in different landforms, or both. To examine tree community-soil environment relationships, factorial kriging analysis was used to decompose variation in soil properties into structures associated with differing spatial scales, which were then used as predictors of tree composition using redundancy analysis. In agreement with the ecotone-decoupling hypothesis, we found that ecotones introduced significant unexplained variation into correlations between tree community composition and soil properties. In addition, spatial variation in tree community composition that was independent of soil properties was only detected when ecotones were included in the analysis, and little variation in tree community composition was attributed to small-scale soil property structures. Together, these results indicate that dispersal limitation and mass effects in the tree community take on increased importance near ecotones. We found no consistent changes in tree species richness associated with ecotones, and we suggest that the ecotone- decoupling hypothesis may correspond with a more general community-level pattern that warrants further testing. Decoupling of community-environment relationships near ecotones also has important implications for accuracy of models predicting community distributions from abiotic information.
Controversies in Couple Relationship Education (CRE): Overlooked Evidence and Implications for Research and Policy

Government interest in strengthening families in the United States and Great Britain has contributed to a rapid growth in couple relationship education (CRE) interventions, with a recent increase in programs for low-income families. We describe the policy contexts that initially led to increased support for CRE in both countries but now threaten its continuation. We summarize meta-analytic research and discussions of single studies by authors who draw opposing inferences about CRE effectiveness, often from the same studies. We discuss three sets of findings not featured in previous reviews, all of which focus on the potential benefits of CRE for the well-being of children. First, without intervention, average couple relationship satisfaction declines, with negative consequences for children. Second, including both parents in father involvement and parenting interventions results in value-added contributions to family functioning. Third, we describe 9 CRE intervention trials that include child outcomes, 8 of which support the assumption that CRE benefits children. These studies represent only a first step in determining what happens to children when their parents experience CRE. From both research and policy perspectives, there are too many positive findings to give credence to the claim that CRE programs should be discontinued and funding directed elsewhere. But there are too many negative findings to support the conclusion that CRE has been an unqualified success and that existing programs should be offered more widely. The negative findings and criticisms have much to teach us about potential modifications to CRE programs that will lead to more effective CRE approaches.
Prevalence Rates of Major Depressive Disorders: The Effects of Varying the Diagnostic Criteria in an Older Primary Care Population

Patients age 60 years and older (N = 3,767) were screened for depression using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). A random sample of patients scoring ≥ 16 on the CES-D (n = 44) and of patients scoring
Isotope Shift in the X-Ray Spectra of Heavy Elements

Isotope shifts in the x-ray levels due to the nuclear volume effect have been calculated for three different nuclear potentials by using first-order perturbation theory with the relativistic wave functions in a Coulomb field. In order to correct for the error made in using first-order perturbation theory, the exact relativistic wave function was obtained for one of the potentials. The screening effects of the atomic electrons are taken into account by comparing the value of the wave function at the nuclear radius in a Fermi-Thomas field with that in a Coulomb field. An upper limit is obtained on contributions to the isotope shift due to the change in screening of the other atomic electrons when a $K$ or $L$ shell electron is removed or replaced. The results for isotope shift in Mo and U are one-half and one-twentieth, respectively, of the experimental resolution of Rogosa and Schwarz.
Poststroke Angiogenesis: Blood, Bloom, or Brood?

Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels, is a naturally occurring phenomenon in adult humans, encompassing a range of normal functions from the physiological maturation of the female reproductive system to wound healing, as well as pathological functions, such as aiding unwanted tumor growth. Although ample evidence suggests that angiogenesis occurs in humans and laboratory animals after brain ischemia,1,2 it has long been debated whether angiogenesis contributes to the recovery of function after stroke and whether it can be harnessed as a therapy to treat stroke. The pro and con opinions of poststroke angiogenesis have been eloquently and pertinently discussed by Dr Greenberg, who attests to the benefit of angiogenesis and the potential for clinical application and by Drs Adamczak and Hoehn, who address the risk of angiogenesis and potential consequences in aggravating stroke progression. In light of the recent …
Cascaded Optimization of Aircraft Trajectories for Persistent Data Ferrying

This paper investigates the optimality of periodic trajectories of an unmanned aircraft ferrying data between two stationary sensor nodes. The aircraft has a single half-duplex radio channel for wireless communication, and it must allocate the channel along its trajectory to maximize data transfer between the nodes. The general data-ferrying problem is known to be nondeterministic polynomial-time hard. This work takes advantage of the problem structure to cascade the solution between trajectory optimization and bandwidth optimization. It is proven that this decomposition retains optimality, and the necessary conditions are derived for the trajectories to be optimal. Insights from these conditions lead to efficient policies on bandwidth allocation. The current cascaded method significantly reduces the dimension of the persistent data-ferrying problem and is verified in simulation to perform several orders of magnitude faster than the traditional noncascaded method.
Terminal Coordination of a Gallium(I) Species to a Transition Metal. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Ru{GaCl(THF)(2)}{GaCl(2)(THF)}(2)(CO)(3).0.5THF and Ru(2){GaCl(2)(THF)}(2)(CO)(8).

The reaction of Ru3(CO)12 with Ga2Cl4 in the presence of gallium metal in refluxing toluene, followed by crystallization from tetrahydrofuran, produces Ru{GaCl(THF)2}{GaCl2(THF)}2(CO)3·0.5 THF (1) and Ru2{GaCl2(THF)}2(CO)8 (2) (THF = tetrahydrofuran). The ruthenium atom in 1 has an approximately octahedral coordination environment, with meridinal arrangements of carbonyl ligands and gallium atoms. The GaCl(THF)2 group is in a position trans to one of the GaCl2(THF) groups. The crystal structure of 2 consists of a linear arrangement of metal atoms in which two GaCl2(THF) groups are in axial positions with respect to the metal−metal bond of an Ru2(CO)8 unit. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 17.367(3) A, b = 12.054(2) A, c = 16.049(3) A, β = 95.18(1)°, Z = 4, R = 0.0527, Rw = 0.0718. Crystal data for 2: monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 11.980(1) A, b = 6.944(1) A, c = 16.097(3) A, β = 96.81(1)°, Z = 2, R = 0.0300, Rw = 0.0510. The title complexes are the first compou...
The Training and Employment of Milk Sanitarians: A Committee Report

Summary 1.Three definitions of a milk sanitarian are presented. 2.Based on correspondence with several milk sanitarians and the heads of several dairy departments, the duties, general qualifications and the type of education and training for a milk sanitarian have been listed. 3.It is concluded that courses in dairying, as now offered, do not completely educate a student in all of the qualifications of a milk sanitarian. It is felt that a special course to do this is not justified. A student who thinks he might like to engage in milk sanitation work should be encouraged to elect certain courses, along with his dairy work, and if he expects to go far in the milk sanitation field, he will do well to do graduate work so that he can get more of the courses that will be helpful to him. 4.Due to Army policy, there appears to be little or no opportunity for the dairy graduate to be commissioned to do milk sanitation work in the Army. The committee urges that the American Dairy Science Association use its best efforts to improve this situation. * *See resolution passed by The American Dairy Science Association at the Annual Business Meeting, June 22, 1942. 5.It is apparent that opportunities for dairy graduates to do milk sanitation work do exist in the United States Public Health Service. 6.There are opportunities for dairy graduates in milk sanitation workin City and State Health Departments but the future which the positions offer and the rate of pay are such as to make the positions rather unattractive. 7.There is more and more opportunity for the dairy graduate to do milk sanitation work in private industry. These positions are attractive because of the wide possibilities of advancement in the industry.
Organische Phosphorverbindungen XXX. Herstellung und Eigenschaften aromatisch substituierter Cyclopolyphosphine [1]

The interaction of ClC6H4PCl2 or o-CH3C6H4PCl2 with the corresponding primary phosphines has been studied under a variety of conditions.
Assessing Juvenile Sexual Offenders' Risk for Reoffending

The purpose of this research was to investigate how best to identify juvenile sexual offenders who are likely to reoffend. The juvenile justice records of 112 male juvenile sexual offenders were ex...
The Many Forms of Revolution

While we speak of the revolution in the mathe matics curriculum, it is evident from the de scriptions presented by Professor Nichols that this revolution is not the work of a single general, nor even of a clique of the highly placed. From all quarters of the academic community, forces both great and small are assaulting the traditional barricades that have blocked off access to real mathematical under standing.
Resting membrane potentials of giant axon systems

Abstract A simple method of computation of stationary state membrane potentials, from knowledge of fluxes, permeability properties of membrane and concentration of ions in surrounding electrolyte solutions is presented. Available data on giant axon systems are utilized to compare theoretical calculations with experiments. Methods of computation of potentials from fluxes and fluxes from potentials for a system for which required experimental information is available are included.
A type X collagen mutation causes schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia

The expression of type X collagen is restricted to hypertrophic chondrocytes in regions undergoing endochondral ossification, such as growth plates. The precise function of type X collagen is unknown but the tissue-specific expression prompted us to examine the gene in hereditary disorders of cartilage and bone growth (osteochondrodysplasias). We have identified a 13 base pair deletion in one type X collagen allele segregating with autosomal dominant Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia in a large Mormon kindred (lod score = 18.2 at theta = 0). The mutation produces a frameshift which alters the highly conserved C-terminal domain of the alpha 1(X) chain and reduces the length of the polypeptide by nine residues. This mutation may prevent association of the mutant polypeptide during trimer formation, resulting in a decreased amount of normal protein.
Polysilicon encapsulated local oxidation

Polysilicon encapsulated local oxidation (PELOX) is proposed as an effective isolation technique that satisfied advanced device requirements without any difficult-to-control structures or processes. Simple modifications to a standard local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) process flow minimize encroachment without introducing defects. These modifications include an HF dip after nitride patterning to form a cavity self-aligned to the nitride edge, reoxidation of exposed silicon, and polysilicon deposition to fill the cavity. Physical (scanning electron micrographs) and electrical (gate oxide quality, diode integrity, and W/sub eff/) data which indicate that cavity reoxidation is critical to obtaining significant bird's beak reduction without defect introduction are presented. >
Effect of Corn Silage Supplementation on Intake and Milk Production in Cows Grazing Grass Pasture

The objective was to determine the effects on milk production and DMI of 2.3 kg/d of corn silage DM fed to lactating cows grazing grass pasture and fed supplemental grain. Thirty Holstein cows, averaging 32 kg of milk at the start of the trial, intensively grazed grass pasture for 8 wk. One-half of the cows received 2.3 kg/d of corn silage DM in two equal feedings, and one-half of the cows were used as controls (no corn silage). All cows were fed grain at 1 kg of grain DM/4 kg of milk. Corn silage had no effect on milk production or milk composition. Cows fed corn silage did not have improved BW gain or body condition score. Each unit of corn silage consumed replaced 1.2 units of pasture, but total DMI was not different because of supplementation with corn silage. Blood urea N concentrations were lower for cows fed corn silage. Supplementation of high producing Holsteins grazing grass pastures with 2.3 kg/d of corn silage DM had no effect on milk production, milk composition, or total DMI.
Genetics of aging, health, and survival: dynamic regulation of human longevity related traits

Background. The roles of genetic factors in human longevity would be better understood if one can use more efficient methods in genetic analyses and investigate pleiotropic effects of genetic variants on aging and health related traits. Data and methods. We used EMMAX software with modified correction for population stratification to perform GWAS of female lifespan from the original FHS cohort. The male data from the original FHS cohort and male and female data combined from the offspring FHS cohort were used to confirm findings. We evaluated pleiotropic effects of selected genetic variants as well as gene-smoking interactions on health and aging related traits. Then we reviewed current knowledge on functional properties of genes related to detected variants. Results. The eight SNPs with genome-wide significant variants were negatively associated with lifespan in both males and females. After additional QC, two of these variants were selected for further analyses of their associations with major diseases (cancer and CHD) and physiological aging changes. Gene-smoking interactions contributed to these effects. Genes closest to detected variants appear to be involved in similar biological processes and health disorders, as those found in other studies of aging and longevity e.g., in cancer and neurodegeneration. Conclusions. The impact of genes on longevity may involve trade-off-like effects on different health traits. Genes that influence lifespan represent various molecular functions but may be involved in similar biological processes and health disorders, which could contribute to genetic heterogeneity of longevity and the lack of replication in genetic association studies.
Liquid flow in polyurethane foams for filtration applications: a study on their characterization and permeability estimation

Open-cell polyurethane foams have been investigated for various filtration applications to treat industrial byproducts and waste water. Flow-related morphological characterization of three types of polyurethane foams: (1) control, unmodified polyurethane foam, (2) flexible polyurethane foam obtained by chain extension, and (3) rigid polyurethane foam obtained by chain extension, is presented in this study. Analysis of micrographs, using histograms based on pore size, revealed that the pore size varied in the foams based on their composition. The permeability (K) of the foams for liquid flow, measured by a falling-head permeameter was in the range of 0.45 × 10−11–2.62 × 10−11 m2. In comparison to the theoretical permeability models, the experimental values were smaller by two orders of magnitude. The theoretical prediction of the permeability improved after considering effective porosity and replicated the trend seen in the experiments, but the large gap between the prediction and experiments remained. The failure of the theoretical models points to the need for developing more accurate permeability models after including 3-D pore interconnections and swelling of solid matrix.
Fast mass-fraction-burned calculation using the net pressure method for real-time applications

AbstractThe mass fraction burned (MFB) is determined from the analysis of measured in-cylinder pressure data. In this paper, a net pressure method (model 2) is used to evaluate the MFB curves at di...
Painful tongue ulcerations in patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws

Objectives Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BONJ) is a recently recognized and well described complication in cancer patients. While pain and associated morbidity have been reported, this has largely been attributed to localized infection of the nonvital bone and surrounding soft tissue, or in rare cases, pathologic fracture. Study design Cancer patients who were treated with intravenous bisphosphonate therapy and subsequently developed BONJ with associated traumatic tongue ulcerations were reported. Results We report a series of 5 patients who presented with unilateral painful tongue ulcerations secondary to the tongue rubbing against adjacent exposed mylohyoid bone on the lingual surface of the mandible. Smoothing, recontouring, or removal of the bone, and in some cases intralesional steroid therapy, resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusions Oral health care specialists and physicians must be alert to this potential complication of BONJ because it is easily managed with conservative measures and results in rapid and significant improvement in symptoms and overall quality of life.
Micromechanical interpretation of the modulus of ethylene–(meth)acrylic acid copolymers

Abstract Statistical incorporation of a comonomer into polyethylene is well known to reduce its crystallinity, and consequently the small-strain modulus. However, we have found that when the comonomer is methacrylic or acrylic acid, the modulus of homogeneous copolymers initially decreases and then increases with increasing comonomer content. The modulus increase is traced to an elevation of the amorphous phase glass transition temperature ( T g ) with comonomer content; T g passes through room temperature at comonomer contents sufficiently low that substantial crystallinity remains. When the modulus is measured at temperatures above T g , such that the amorphous phase is fully relaxed, a monotonic increase in modulus with crystallinity is both anticipated and observed. Several two-phase composite models are investigated to describe the modulus vs. crystallinity data above T g ; the Davies model provides a good quantitative description for the copolymers examined. The Davies model may also be applied at temperatures where the amorphous phase is incompletely relaxed, to extract its contribution to the semicrystalline polymer's modulus.
Adiabaticity limits to radio-frequency-augmented magnetic-mirror confinement

The effect of adiabaticity and superadiabaticity limitations on the use of radio-frequency-augmented magnetic-mirror confinement is examined. It is shown that the scaling of the region over which the r. f. fields are applied to maintain a given level of adiabaticity is such that, although the fields decrease as resonance is approached, the total r. f. energy stored in the resonance region remains constant. Assuming that the dissipation is proportional to the energy stored, we conclude that the external energy supplied is not reduced from the energy requirements of non-resonant r. f. containment. In fact, the weak additional scaling required to maintain containment by superadiabaticity implies that resonant r. f. containment requires more applied power. The stochastic heating, resulting from the small-phase uncorrelated energy changes occurring on each pass through resonance, when superadiabaticity is not satisfied, is such that only a small improvement in the field strength required for containment can be made by operating in this mode.
The Proximate Effects of Rainfall on Clutch Size of the California Gnatcatcher

It has been hypothesized that clutch size in bird species occurring in arid habitats is influenced by annual rainfall. We propose an alternative hypothesis that avian clutch size in resident species should be more strongly associated with rainfall in the short-term (during egg-formation) than during the long-term (cumulative across the season). We tested this hypothesis with museum egg-sets for California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila califomica) nests taken in southern California combined with rainfall data from the geographically closest weather station to nest collection site. Clutch size was independent of laying date. Seasonal rainfall was not a good predictor of clutch size; rainfall during egg formation was a better predictor. Using isotonic regression, we detected a strong positive trend in the association between clutch size and cumulative rainfall, with cumulative rainfall across 1 month prior to the estimated month of clutch completion having the strongest positive association. These data support the hypothesis that smaller clutches result from more immediate conditions, not from the wet-year/dry-year dichotomy.
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase in brains of mice. Regional distribution in seven inbred mouse strains.

Abstract Causal relationships have been suggested between aspects of human behavior and hyperuricemia associated with low tissue activities of the x-linked enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. Brain is reported to have the highest content of HGPRT activity among body organs. Many studies have indicated that genetically distinct strains of mice exhibit strain-specific behavioral phenotypes. The present measurements of HGPRT were made to determine if genetically associated differences in regional distribution of brain HGPRT exist between several inbred mouse strains and if they were of sufficient magnitude to warrant a search for correlations with measures of behavior. Significant differences were found in overall brain content of HGPRT activity among seven inbred mouse strains, as well as in regional distribution of enzyme activity among eight structures of brains of each of the individual strains.