cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Networked Cooperative Swarm System for Area Denial Operations

Anti-Personnel Landmines (APL) indiscriminately injure or kill thousands of innocent non-combatants every year, and the United States is committed to eliminating their use. Therefore, technology that replaces the military capability of APL is highly desired by the defense industry. Here, a solution is proposed for an anti-vehicle landmine (AVL) system called the Cooperative AVL Self-Defending Minefield that consists of a team of networked mobile landmines. These mines will collaborate to create an optimal minefield spacing, and will reconfigure the minefield to fill gaps in the event an opposing force attempts to breach it. Details of the mobile mine prototype, and the optimization strategy are described. This technology satisfies the requirements of the international Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, known as the Ottawa Treaty, while promising an effective military capability. The project resulted in the development and successful test of a 4-member cooperative minefield system that was able to reconfigure itself to close gaps created by simulated breaching operations.
Radiology of Renal Infection

Radiology plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of renal inflammatory diseases. The efficacious use of the various imaging modalities in evaluating renal inflammatory disease requires knowledge of their attributes as well as their weaknesses. We review the available studies and use of contrast agents, and illustrate radiologic findings in specific inflammatory disease processes.
Model Predictive Current Control of Switched Reluctance Motors With Inductance Auto-Calibration

This paper investigates application of an unconstrained model predictive controller (MPC) known as a finite horizon linear quadratic regulator (LQR) for current control of a switched reluctance motor (SRM). The proposed LQR can cope with the measurement noise as well as uncertainties within the machine inductance profile. This paper utilizes MPC to generate the optimal duty cycles for drive of SRMs using pulse-width modulation (PWM) in oppose to delta-modulation. In this paper, first a practical MPC scheme for embedded implementation of the system is introduced. Afterward, Kalman filtering is used for state estimation while an adaptive controller is used to dynamically tune and update both MPC and Kalman models. Hence, the overall control structure is considered as a stochastic MPC with adaptive model calibration. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Study on rheological property and toxicity of exopolysaccharide from Rhizobium sp.N613

The influences of concentration,shear force,time in hot water,pH,freezing-thawing,concentration of salt ionic,microwave,ultrasonic on viscosity of REPS were studied.The result showed that the viscosity of REPS solution,increased with the increment of concentration,the viscosity was 41.5mPa·s when concentration reached to 0.9%,it is non-Newton fluid,and the solution had pseudo plasticity.The best temperature and time of REPS dissolved in hot water were 70℃ and 1.5h.pH,freezing-thawing,antiseptic,short time treat with micro-wave and ultrasonic had little effect on the fluid of REPS.REPS had better stabilization in salt-resistance and antidegradation.The absorbency of the 0.6% REPS solution was 0.758,and the light transmittance was 17.78%,the solubility in water was 31.67%.At the same time,the thesis carried out the test of the viscosity,acute toxicity and accumulative toxicity of REPS.It was concluded that REPS had high viscosity and no toxicity.So it had potential applied prospects in food manufacture.
Disproportionately Enlarged Subarachnoid Space Hydrocephalus (DESH) Associated with Acoustic Schwannoma with Exquisite Response to Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting: A Case Report (P2.243)

Case: A 75-year-old woman with hypertension presented with an insidious syndrome of progressive cognitive, gait and urinary dysfunction. Three months previously, the patient experienced involuntary rightward leaning and shortened steps while walking. She developed urinary urgency, difficulty balancing her checkbook, remembering appointments and playing previously known card games. Family history was notable for Alzheimer’s dementia. Examination revealed a Kokmen Short Test of Mental Status score of 20/38, with moderate deficits in orientation, attention and abstraction and significant deficits in calculation, construction and recall. She had right ear hearing loss, significantly apractic station with retropulsion in the seated position and difficulty with rapid alternating movements. Her gait was slow and cautious with a 5-point turn. Saccadic, strength, tone, cerebellar and sensory testing were normal. Gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI revealed an avidly-enhancing 1 cm mass in the right cerebellopontine angle. Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH), tight high convexities and a sharp callosal angle were present. There was radiographic concern for bilateral hippocampal atrophy. Brain FDG-PET was negative for a neurodegenerative pattern of hypometabolism. A videotaped gait examination was performed before and 30 mL CSF removal via lumbar puncture. CSF opening pressure was 118 mm H20; protein 68 mg/dL; amyloid-beta1-42 and phosphorylated-tau indices were decreased. Following CSF removal, her gait speed, stride length and turn markedly improved. Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was diagnosed and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placed. One month later the patient described “feeling like a new woman” with complete resolution of her cognitive, urinary and gait dysfunction. Brain MRI now revealed normal hippocampi. Conclusion: DESH may identify a subpopulation of patients with NPH who benefit from ventriculoperitoneal shunting. DESH has been associated with acoustic schwannoma. When DESH is present, clinical caution is advised when ascribing gait dysfunction to acoustic schwannoma and when interpreting hippocampal atrophy as surrogate evidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Disclosure: Dr. Pagani-Estevez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jones has nothing to disclose.
Reactions and Energy Relationships

In a study of inorganic chemistry, the number of chemical reactions encountered is enormous. If it were necessary to memorize all of these equations, the task would be formidable. However, most of the reactions discussed in this book can be grouped into a relatively small number of reaction types . Therefore, understanding these reaction types simplifies learning descriptive inorganic chemistry, so this chapter presents a brief survey of several common types of reactions. Moreover, the energy changes accompanying reactions are important for understanding descriptive chemistry, and it is frequently possible to make predictions about possible reactions and stability of materials by the application of elementary thermodynamic principles. We will therefore begin this chapter with a brief review of some useful principles and applications of elementary thermodynamics.
Vulnerability analysis of desktop 3D printer software

3D printing is an emerging manufacturing technology that can produce objects with complex geometries. The aerospace, automotive, and healthcare industries increasingly use this technology to manufacture functional parts. Falling prices for desktop 3D printers are making this technology available to consumers. The widespread adoption of 3D printing technology means it will soon become the target of cyber-attacks. In this paper we analyze to what extent desktop 3D printers are vulnerable to such attacks. The software under scrutiny is open source 3D printer software that is broadly used with desktop 3D printers. Static analysis of the source code, dynamic analysis of the communication between 3D printer and computer, and architecture analysis reveal numerous vulnerabilities that can be exploited.
Alternatives to Interlibrary Loan

I approach the subject of interlibrary loans of rare materials with considerable misgivings, since I come from that ivory tower of institutions prohibited from lending anything to anyone . The Huntington Library, just outside Los Angeles in San Marino, is a “private, free research library, art gallery, museum, and botanical garden, containing objects of artistic, historic, scientific or literary interest.” These words come from the indenture of 8 February 1926, in which Henry Huntington outlined the responsibilities and goals of the institution which bears his name. In the portion of the indenture titled “The Nature of the Huntington,” the document continues, . . .
Analyzing Complex Treatment Effects in Nonrandomized Observational Studies: The Case of Retention of Students in Grade.

ABSTRACTShould low-achieving students be promoted to the next grade or be retained (held back) in the prior grade? This special section presents a discussion of the application of marginal structural models to the challenging problem of estimating the effect of promotion versus retention in grade on math scores in elementary school. Vandecandelaere, De Fraine, Van Damme, and Vansteelandt provide a didactic presentation of the marginal structural modeling approach, noting retention is a time-varying treatment because promoted low-achieving students may be retained in a subsequent grade. Steiner, Park, and Kim's commentary presents a detailed analysis of the treatment effects being estimated in same-age versus same-grade comparisons from the perspective of the potential outcomes model. Reshetnyak, Cham, and Kim's commentary clarifies the conditions under which same-age versus same-grade comparisons might be preferred; they also identify methods of further improving the estimation of retention effects. In th...
Visualizing Structural Details of Disordered Domain Phase Separation Associated with ALS and Cancers

Phase separation of RNA-binding proteins via multivalent interactions between aromatic/polar-rich disordered domains contributes to the formation of functional cytoplasmic granules and nuclear puncta. These domains have also been identified as the nucleators of neuronal inclusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. We use atomic resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy approaches for visualizing low complexity domain structure and interactions along the pathway from monomer, to liquid-liquid phase separated state, to static aggregates and hydrogels. We show that the low complexity domain of RNA-binding protein Fused in Sarcoma (FUS LC) remains disordered even within liquid phase separated states and recruits unphosphorylated RNA-polymerase II C-terminal domain into the liquid phase separated state, adding a potential explanation for FUS LC transcriptional activation in cancer. Importantly, phase separation is reversible and is modulated by ionic strength and interaction with RNA, distinguishing these assemblies from static inclusions. In contrast, we show that liquid-liquid phase separation of TDP-43 is mediated in part by α-helical assembly and extension. Some ALS-associated mutations disrupt helix-helix interaction inhibiting liquid-liquid phase separation while leading to enhanced aggregation.
Can Consumers Forgo the Need to Touch Products? An Examination of the Compensatory Role of Moods

With the growth of various forms of non-touch media (e.g., catalog and Internet shopping), individual differences in need for haptic information and the consequences of an inability to touch the products are important to conceptualize and measure. Need for touch (NFT) is the preference for extracting and utilizing information through the haptic system (Peck and Childers 2003a). When touch is not available, compensational strategies are required to contribute to the success of retailers specifically those doing business via non-touch media. Haptic compensational tactics provide haptic cues (e.g., written description of haptic information along with pictures of products) to consumers (Peck and Childers 2003b). Non-haptic compensational tactics (i.e., meaningful extrinsic non-haptic cues) could also moderate the motivation to obtain haptic information through touch. This study is an attempt to examine the compensatory role of moods on consumers’ need for touch in order to affect their online purchase decisions. Moods can influence consumers' judgments in two ways (Forgas 1995). First, the mood state can be used as information leading to mood congruent judgments. Thus, depending on whether individuals are in a good or bad mood while evaluating a target product, they may (mis)attribute this feeling to the target and use it as a basis for their evaluation (Cheng and Yeung 2008). Thus, we expect that: H1: (a) Purchase intentions and (b) product confidence levels are higher in an online context when the consumer is in a positive mood as compared to a negative mood.
Recommendations for Designing CS Resource Sharing Sites for All Teachers

Many organizations have developed websites to support high school computer science (CS) teachers by providing them with collections of teaching resources. Yet rarely do these sites take into account the unique challenges of new CS teachers who often have not had formal training in CS. In response to a documented lack of teachers' engagement on these sites, we interviewed 17 CS teachers to learn more about the ways in which these sites are and are not meeting teachers' needs for curriculum resources. We discuss our findings about how teachers use, adapt, and share resources and then provide several suggestions for designing resource sharing sites that support teachers who have varying levels of experience teaching CS.
Affirmatively Replacing Rape Culture with Consent Culture

The debate concerning affirmative consent consists of two camps: those who assert people must affirmatively establish a desire to engage in sexual contact and those who believe this is an unattainable standard. However, this is not where the debate should start and end. This paper argues that the movement towards affirmative consent in sexual contact will reduce the occurrence of sexual assault. Criminal law sets the backdrop for this paper, but the author recognizes the limits of criminal law. In order to combat sexual assault, there must be a multidisciplinary response. By providing a comprehensive definition of affirmative consent and examining the social harm of sexual assault that the criminal law seeks to rectify, the author will establish that the creation of an affirmative consent culture, rather than simply an affirmative consent law, will enhance protections for women. Affirmative consent means more than “yes means yes.” This paper responds to the many critiques of the affirmative consent model including that it will not eliminate sexual assault, that this standard criminalizes sex, and that it shifts the burden to a defendant. Rather, the author proposes a three pronged approach to affirmative consent which mirrors that of the anti-drunk driving methodology of the 20th Century: education, social stigma, and criminal law adjustments.
Adaptation of postural recovery responses to a vestibular sensory illusion in individuals with Parkinson disease and healthy controls.

Abstract Background The ability to adapt postural responses to sensory illusions diminishes with age and is further impaired by Parkinson disease. However, limited information exists regarding training-related adaptions of sensory reweighting in these populations. Methods This study sought to determine whether Parkinson disease or age would differentially affect acute postural recovery or adaptive postural responses to novel or repeated exposure to sensory illusions using galvanic vestibular stimulation during quiet stance. Findings Acutely, individuals with Parkinson disease demonstrated larger center of pressure coefficient of variation compared to controls. Unlike individuals with Parkinson disease and asymptomatic older adults, healthy young adults acutely demonstrated a reduction in Sample Entropy to the sensory illusion. Following a period of consolidation Sample Entropy increased in the healthy young group, which coincided with a decreased center of pressure coefficient of variation. Similar changes were not observed in the Parkinson disease or older adult groups. Interpretation Taken together, these results suggest that young adults learn to adapt to vestibular illusion in a more robust manner than older adults or those with Parkinson disease. Further investigation into the nature of this adaptive difference is warranted.
Complexity of medication regimens of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Background: People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) may be at risk for medication-related problems due to complex medication regimens. The objective of this study was to deter...
Hedging and Boosting in EAP Classroom Discourse

A key aspect of classroom interaction is the way teachers and students use evaluative language to express doubts, opinions, and judgment to establish meaning and to negotiate interpersonal relations. Through the use of evaluative language, particularly hedges and boosters, teachers and students are able to modify their assertions and indicate their stance toward the content and interlocutors. Hedges are linguistic devices (e.g., might, seem) used to express uncertainty, doubt, and caution toward propositional content and audience (Hyland 2005). Boosters, on the other hand, are expressions (e.g., always, know) used to convey certainty, strong conviction, and full commitment (Hyland 2005). Using these interpersonal resources, class participants are able to explicitly communicate their affective position toward course content and each other, and engage in interactive dialogues in an effort to establish rapport. Although numerous studies have examined hedges and boosters in academic written discourse, far less research has focused on these interpersonal features in learner and teacher talk. In this chapter, we report on a corpus-based comparative analysis of hedges and boosters in EAP learner and teacher discourse.
Willingness to click: Risk information seeking during imminent threats

Short messaging systems have the potential to deliver targeted messages to individuals needing critical safety information. However, their limited content may provide insufficient life‐saving information. One solution is to include a hyperlink that allows message recipients access to a web page. Research has not examined whether at‐risk individuals are willing to use this strategy in time critical situations. Using constructs from the risk information seeking and processing model, this study investigates how individuals perceive and make decisions to click on hyperlinks during crisis events. Findings suggest that the nature and timing of the crisis, risk judgement, and risk perceptions strongly influence decisions to click in crises. Suggestions are offered on ways to facilitate information seeking on short messaging systems during crises.
The effect of embedded questions in programming education

This paper investigates the effectiveness of including questions within instructional multimedia content to improve student performance on a related programming assignment. An experiment was conducted where one set of students was provided with an instructional video without any embedded questions and another set of students was provided the same video with embedded questions. The findings of this paper demonstrate that the technique of embedding questions showed promise in improving student performance on a programming assignment.
Substance use in youth

Youth is the time period of vast exploration and curiosity. Young people begin to explore the world around. They acquire pleasure and satisfaction by carrying out risky behaviors to satisfy their impulse. Substance use is one such action that young people get attraction from certain individual, familial, social and environmental variables. Young people's past as well as present stressful experience and maladaptive coping style create strong affinity. Diverse researches have favored that pubertal transition, parenting style, family cohesiveness, maternal use, modeling, conditioning, and socialization reflect on youth's upbringing. It is evident that the substance use is one of the cognitive and behavioral outcome. There is a need to construct a most supportive zone around youth that enables them to broader their horizon of emotional intelligence. As a health care professional, knowledge about all the levels of prevention can aid communities to have an addiction free environment. Individual counselling, family therapy, national and international awareness programs would help in eradicating substance use. Collaborative work of Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) would motivate youth to acquire a substance free lifestyle.
Physician Reimbursement for Prostate Biopsies Falls as Procedures Shift From Offices to Facilities

Objective To examine how Medicare reimbursement for prostate biopsies was allocated to physicians, ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), and hospitals from 2012 to 2015. Materials and Methods Using Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2012-2015), we assessed provider payments to physicians and ASCs for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (Current Procedural Terminology 55700, 76842, 76972) for fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. Data were aggregated at provider-level for those reporting >10 biopsies per year. Hospital payments were estimated based on Outpatient Prospective Payment System. We report average and total payments for physicians, hospitals, and ASCs. Results We identified 534,807 prostate biopsies, of which 13.3% and 14.8% were associated with an ASC and hospital, respectively. Payments for all biopsies totaled $276.7 million ($152.7 million to physicians; $35.1 million to ASCs, $88.9 million to hospitals). From 2012 through 2015, physician payments for biopsies declined by $19 million (Δ=−43.2%, P = .06 for trend). Payments to ASCs (+$3.2 million, Δ = 38.8%, P = .29) and hospitals (+$11.1 million, Δ = 58.6%, P = .16) both increased. The decline in physician payments was due to a 13.7% decline in volume and lower median reimbursement for office-based procedures ($415 to $277, P = .04). The share of biopsies performed at facilities increased from 26.5% to 30.0%, and the proportion of payments associated with those settings also increased from 42.7% to 65.3%. Conclusion Over time, a greater share of Medicare payments for biopsies has been directed toward facilities instead of physicians. Understanding the relationship between these trends and cancer screening and Medicare payment policies will be crucial in the future.
The Old Time Play Party: Recreational Value of its Singing Games

(1931). The Old Time Play Party. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 34-46.
Prisons, Courts, and Terrorism

The corrections component of the American criminal justice system has experienced considerable difficulty in its efforts to control terrorist conspiracies spawned among confined offenders who view themselves as “political prisoners” being held for “revolutionary crimes.” Compounding this situation is the composition of the American prison population, whose average age is lower than that of the 1970 population, and the fact that the offenses for which people are incarcerated include more crimes against persons—murder, rape, robbery, assault. An inmate recruited into a terrorist group is likely to be a young man or woman with a previous history of violent crime who utilizes a prison-taught revolutionary ideology as justification for continuing to perpetrate crimes against humanity upon release.
A tissue-specific enhancer of the C. elegans nhr-67/tailless gene drives coordinated expression in uterine stem cells and the differentiated anchor cell

The nhr-67 nuclear receptor gene of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes the ortholog of the Drosophila tailless and vertebrate Tlx genes. In C. elegans, nhr-67 plays multiple roles in the development of the uterus during L2 and L3 larval stages. Four pre-VU cells are born in the L2 stage and form the precursor complement for the ventral surface of the mature uterus. One of the four pre-VU cells becomes the anchor cell (AC), which exits the cell cycle and differentiates, while the remaining three VU cells serve as stem cells that populate the ventral uterus. The nhr-67 gene functions in the development of both VU cell lineages and AC differentiation. Hypomorphic mutations in nhr-67 identify a 276bp region of the distal promoter that is sufficient to activate nhr-67 expression in pre-VU cells and the AC. The 276bp region includes 8 conserved potential cis-acting sites, including two E boxes and a nuclear receptor binding site. Mutational analysis demonstrates that the two E boxes are required for expression of nhr-67 in uterine precursor cells. The E/daughterless ortholog HLH-2 binds these sites as a homodimer, thus playing a central role in activating nhr-67 expression in the uterine precursors. At least two other binding activities, one of which may be the nhr-25/Ftz-F1 nuclear receptor transcription factor, also contribute to uterine precursor cell expression. The organization of the nhr-67 uterine precursor enhancer is compared to similar conserved enhancers in the egl-43, lag-2, and lin-3 genes, which contain the same HLH-2-binding E boxes and are similarly expressed in both pre-VU cells and the AC. This basic regulatory module allows the coordinated expression of at least four genes. Expression of genes in different cells that must coordinate to form a mature organ is driven by a shared set of promoter elements, which integrate multiple transcription factor inputs.
Description of School-Based Physical Therapy Services and Outcomes for Students with down Syndrome.

Students with Down syndrome (DS) receive school-based physical therapy (SBPT), however little data exists regarding services and outcomes. Using a prospective observational cohort study our aim was to explore SBPT activities and interventions, and students’ goal achievement of 46 students with DS, tracked by 17 physical therapists (PTs). PTs provided on average 24.0 min/week direct service and 11.6 min/week services on behalf of the student. The most frequent activities employed were physical education/recreation, mobility, and sitting/standing/transitions. The most frequent interventions implemented were neuromuscular, mobility, and musculoskeletal. Although students individually met 69.5% of their primary outcome goals, their achievement could not be explained by total minutes of either direct and minutes on behalf of SBPT, nor minutes spent in most frequent activity.
Antiretroviral Treatment Interruptions Among Black and Latina Transgender Women Living with HIV: Characterizing Co-occurring, Multilevel Factors Using the Gender Affirmation Framework

Black and Latina transgender women (BLTW) are disproportionately impacted by HIV but remain underrepresented in HIV and health services research. Between March 2016 and May 2017, BLTW (N = 201) were recruited in Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, DC through convenience sampling for a survey assessing multilevel determinants of HIV risk and treatment outcomes. Interviews concluded with a rapid oral HIV test. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to identify gender affirmation-related correlates of self-reported HIV treatment interruptions (HIVTIs) among BLTW living with HIV who had initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) (n = 96). Among them, 57.3% (n = 55) reported at least one HIVTI. Unmet surgical needs (aOR = 1.6), past-year marijuana use (aOR = 14.6), and no current hormone use (aOR = 24.9) were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with HIVTIs in multivariable analysis. Unmet need for gender affirmation may inhibit ART adherence, highlighting opportunities to mitigate care interruptions in alignment with community needs and goals.
The dilemma in the management of haemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism with right heart thrombus

Right ventricular thrombus (RVT) can be life-threatening, since it has the potential to embolise and cause saddle pulmonary embolism (PE). We present a patient who initially presented with haemodynamically stable PE with evidence of RVT on echocardiogram. She was placed on heparin drip; however, she later developed cardiac arrest and died due to embolisation of RVT to the pulmonary vasculature. Although management of haemodynamically stable PE in patients with RVT is still a matter of debate, 1 given the outcome we suggest that thrombolysis or emergent embolectomy at the presentation, in this case, may have had a favourable outcome.
Predictors of Women's Awareness of the Benefits and Harms of Mammography Screening and Associations with Confusion, Ambivalence, and Information Seeking.

In recent years, there has been a shift toward promoting informed decision making for mammography screening for average-risk women in their 40s. Professional organizations such as the American Canc...
Resection of Meckel’s Diverticulum

This chapter describes the laparoscopic/surgical procedure for resection of Meckel’s diverticulum as performed by the following approaches: open and laparoscopic. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as that found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: mobilize the Meckel’s diverticulum and adjacent ileum, inspect the diverticulum for the presence of ectopic mucosa, transect and remove the Meckel’s diverticulum near the ileal mesentery, consider ileal sleeve resection if large base, and inspect the terminal ileum for adequate lumen.
1947 Measuring selection and drift in a natural population

Abstract Using six consecutive years of allele frequency changes and population size estimates in the moth Panaxia dominula, Ronald A. Fisher and Edmund B. Ford (1947) tested the relative importance of selection and drift on allele frequency variation. While they found that the variation in allele frequencies was greater than expected from drift alone, their research marks the first of many efforts to sort out the evolutionary importance of drift and selection in natural populations.
Potentially highly potent drugs for 2019-nCoV

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection outbreak a global health emergency. Currently, there is no effective anti-2019-nCoV medication. The sequence identity of the 3CL proteases of 2019-nCoV and SARS is 96%, which provides a sound foundation for structural-based drug repositioning (SBDR). Based on a SARS 3CL protease X-ray crystal structure, we construct a 3D homology structure of 2019-nCoV 3CL protease. Based on this structure and existing experimental datasets for SARS 3CL protease inhibitors, we develop an SBDR model based on machine learning and mathematics to screen 1465 drugs in the DrugBank that have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We found that many FDA approved drugs are potentially highly potent to 2019-nCoV.
Kernel Center Adaptation in the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Embedding Method.

The performance of adaptive estimators that employ embedding in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) depends on the choice of the location of basis kernel centers. Parameter convergence and error approximation rates depend on where and how the kernel centers are distributed in the state-space. In this paper, we develop the theory that relates parameter convergence and approximation rates to the position of kernel centers. We develop criteria for choosing kernel centers in a specific class of systems - ones in which the state trajectory regularly visits the neighborhood of the positive limit set. Two algorithms, based on centroidal Voronoi tessellations and Kohonen self-organizing maps, are derived to choose kernel centers in the RKHS embedding method. Finally, we implement these methods on two practical examples and test their effectiveness.
Our Thirty-Year Journey

The concept of tenacity is introduced to build upon the previous work of Sam Goldstein, Ph.D., and Robert Brooks, Ph.D., namely the triad of human development: resilience, self-discipline, and tenacity. Resilience is a process of competent functioning under duress, and self-discipline is the inner control required to be resilient over time. Tenacity is the outgrowth of the authors’ strength-based model to understand human behavior and empower youth. Tenacity is the strength of will, determination, and sense of purpose needed to fuel self-discipline and resilience. To explore this, the authors review how the brain and mind work by breaking-down concepts of ability, knowledge, and skill. They also elucidate why the environment in which children develop is a strong determinant of whether a resilient mindset and behaviors emerge—including experiencing empathic communication, being accepted and appreciated by others, learning to solve problems, and developing a social conscience. This is explored through nurturing a child’s islands of competence and the impact of a charismatic adult—a person from whom a child can gather strength as they transition into adulthood. These concepts form the foundation of the seven instincts of tenacity as unraveled in compelling case studies.
Four-wave mixing in a triple-core microstructure fiber

We experimentally demonstrate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a triple-core microstructure fiber for a pump wavelength of 1064 nm. We study the transition between the case where FWM happens primarily in a single core and the case where FWM is distributed among multiple cores. The effective nonlinear coefficient is reduced by a factor of 3 (the number of cores) for distributed-core FWM compared with that for single-core FWM. This effect also leads to a three-fold reduction in the FWM bandwidth for distributed-core FWM. We report on the wavelength and polarization dependence of the core-to-core coupling length, and how those phenomena produce power-dependent coupling among the cores. These are the first reported experimental measurements of FWM in a 3-core microstructure fiber providing critical information for their use as nonlinear optical devices.
Clinical observations in rectovaginal constriction in Jersey cattle

Most genetic defects in cattle are easily diagnosed in neonates; however, some are not detected until later when the animal is examined or clinical problems such as infertility or dystocia occur. Clinical experience with such a defect in Jersey cattle—constriction of the anus and vulvovestibular area, rectovaginal constriction (RVC)—is reported here.
Canine corneal endothelial dystrophy: a retrospective analysis of 99 dogs (1991-2014)

Author(s): Michalak, Sarah; Leonard, Brian; Kermanian, Celine S; Good, Kathryn L; Maggs, David J; Hollingsworth, Steven R; Thomasy, Sara M
An Eye Single for Righteousness

Book review of "American Dreamer: The Life and Times of Henry A. Wallace" by John C. Culver and John Hyde.
The outcome of mitral repair for degenerative versus ischemic mitral regurgitation using a single complete ring.

Background The durability of surgical repair for degenerative versus ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is thought to be markedly different. We, therefore, examined late outcomes and durability for mitral repair in a large cohort of patients receiving a single annuloplasty device. Methods A total of 749 consecutive patients receiving mitral repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) or ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) were evaluated from a prospective database. Patients with tricuspid or maze surgery were included. Papillary muscle rupture and mixed valve etiologies were excluded. Outcomes were compared for IMR versus DMR. Results Patients with DMR were younger and less urgent. Patients with IMR had mean end-systolic diameter 4.5 ± 1.1 cm. All patients received the same complete semirigid annuloplasty device with median ring size 32 mm for DMR and 24 mm for IMR. New York Heart Association failure class improved from 2.8 to 1.5 (p Conclusions In this series, where patients with IMR had relatively preserved ventricular dimensions, the primary determinants of late recurrent MR were female gender and prior operation but not IMR versus DMR. Selected patients with IMR can obtain relatively durable mitral repair despite higher operative risk and lower survival compared to DMR.
Evaluation and enhancement of standard equations for renal function estimation in individuals with components of metabolic disease.

Background The primary objective of this study aims to test patient factors, with a focus on cardiometabolic disease, influencing the performance of the Cockcroft-Gault equation in estimating glomerular filtration rate. Methods A cohort study was performed using data from adult patients with both a 24-h urine creatinine collection and a serum creatinine available. Creatinine clearance was calculated for each patient using the Cockcroft-Gault, Modified Diet in Renal Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations and estimates were compared to the measured 24-h urine creatinine clearance. In addition, new prediction equations were developed. Results In the overall study population (n = 484), 44.2% of patients were obese, 44.0% had diabetes, and 30.8% had dyslipidemia. A multivariable model which incorporating patient characteristics performed the best in terms of correlation to measured 24-h urine creatinine clearance, accuracy, and error. The modified Cockcroft-Gault equation using lean body weight performed best in the overall population, the obese subgroup, and the dyslipidemia subgroup in terms of strength of correlation, mean bias, and accuracy. Conclusions Regardless of strategy used to calculate creatinine clearance, residual error was present suggesting novel methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate are urgently needed.
Common-Property Exploitations under Risks of Resource Extinctions

For a renewable resource under the random hazards of extinction, a variational correspondence principle is introduced to show under what conditions, joint optimization can increase both the resource stock in stasis and the survival prospect of the resource. The analysis is independent of the assumption of particular function forms.
Genetic Markers in Human Bone Tissue.

The use of genetic markers in bone and tissues as a method of human identification is reviewed in detail. Methods for the identification of human remains and the case situations requiring them are described. Some of the previous work on tissue and bone ABO grouping from both anthropological and medicolegal perspectives is reviewed; and some results from our own studies that have produced a highly reliable bone grouping procedure are presented. Some of our work and that of others on the typing of other classical genetic marker systems in bone is included. Recent work on DNA polymorphism typing and some actual and potential forensic applications of bone (and tissue) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing are discussed.
A Model for Intransitive Preferences

It is known that humans form non-transitive preferences. We propose to model human preferences as a complete weighted directed graph where nodes are objects of preference, and an edge leading from one node to another has weight equal to the probability that the destination node will be preferred (or chosen) from the pair connected by the edge. We also propose that the most preferred object(s) might be modeled as the one that wins in a round-robin tournament played amongst the nodes. We discuss computations using this model and introduce a polynomial-time algorithm to bound the probability of selecting an object from a pool of objects with symmetric preferences.
Judiciary and its Socioeconomic Arm

The term Access to Justice is not characterized in the global perspective and has been utilized as a part of distinctive routes in diverse connections. Generally, the term alludes to opening up the formal frameworks and structures of the law to marginalized groups in the society. This comprises displacing legal and monetary obstacles, additionally social boundaries, for example, language, ignorance of law lawful rights and intimidation by the law and legitimate establishments.The theory of 'Access to Justice ' has two substantial factors. Primarily it is a solid and effectual legal classification with rights, emphasized and upheld by substantive enactments. Other is an effective valuable and open legal framework effortlessly accessible to the litigants. Generally Speaking ‘Access to Justice’ encompasses issues like, social Justice, Economic Justice, natural justice, though its limited understanding would include access to legal services, other state administrations and so on. Since both the explanations may be incompatible, a mid-way must be received to boil down to one derivation. One system for going to an accord would be to make the thought of law a device to attain social and economic Justice equity.Access to equity alludes to the yearning for a manifestation of justice which could possibly be conceivable in a given legal system and may accordingly oblige a generous change of the genuine framework as an issue instead of the mechanisms for using it. There can't be one widespread meaning of "access to justice" as access to justice will rely on the current legal system of a nation, the infrastructure of that nation, the economic condition to make accessible quick less expensive justice to the most lowest strata of the society.Everywhere throughout the world individuals need Justice the only question is access to justice has become really difficult everywhere throughout the world. The quest for justice must include the exclusion of injustice. Therefore the important element is to try and keep injustice noticeable so that people could collectively respond to injustice.
Using Vectors Derived from Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV) and TBSV Defective Interfering RNAs (DIs)

This unit describes principles and protocols for expressing a gene of interest in plant cells using gene vectors that are derived from an infectious full-length cDNA plasmid of the tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) genomic RNA, and from defective interfering RNAs (DIs). The TBSV gene vector system permits convenient cloning, allows modification and abundant expression of the gene of interest, and facilitates biosecure containment of the gene vectors. These vectors can be employed for functional genomics studies and for analyzing the biochemical properties and subcellular distribution of expressed RNAs and/or their cognate proteins. As with other plant virus gene vectors, recombination and deletion of the gene of interest during virus multiplication limits the application of the TBSV gene vectors to the inoculated cells or leaves.
The Leopold and Loeb Trial: A Brief Account

Few trial transcripts are as likely to bring tears to the eyes as that of the 1924 murder trial of Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold. Decades after Clarence Darrow delivered his twelve-hour long plea to save his young clients' lives, his moving summation stands as the most eloquent attack on the death penalty ever delivered in an American courtroom. Mixing poetry and prose, science and emotion, a world-weary cynicism and a dedication to his cause, hatred of bloodlust and love of man, Darrow takes his audience on an oratorical ride that would be unimaginable in a criminal trial today. Even without Darrow in his prime, the Leopold and Loeb trial has the elements to justify its billing as the first trial of the century. It is not surprising that the public responded to a trial that involved the kidnapping and murder of a fourteen-year old boy from one of Chicago's most prominent families, a bizarre relationship between two promising scholars-turned-murderers, what the prosecutor called an act of Providence leading to the apprehension of the teenage defendants, dueling psychiatrists, and an experienced and sharp-tongued state's attorney bent on hanging the confessed killers in spite of their relative youth.
Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics

This book attempts to find a middle ground by balancing engineering principles and equations of use to every automotive engineer with practical explanations of the mechanics involved, so that those without a formal engineering degree can still comprehend and use most of the principles discussed. Either as an introductory text or a practical professional overview, this book is an ideal reference.
Cold-Active, Heterotrophic Bacteria from the Highly Oligotrophic Waters of Lake Vanda, Antarctica

The permanently ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica are distinctive ecosystems that consist strictly of microbial communities. In this study, water samples were collected from Lake Vanda, a stratified Dry Valley lake whose upper waters (from just below the ice cover to nearly 60 m) are highly oligotrophic, and used to establish enrichment cultures. Six strains of psychrotolerant, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from lake water samples from a depth of 50 or 55 m. Phylogenetic analyses showed the Lake Vanda strains to be species of Nocardiaceae, Caulobacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Bradyrhizobiaceae. All Lake Vanda strains grew at temperatures near or below 0 °C, but optimal growth occurred from 18 to 24 °C. Some strains showed significant halotolerance, but no strains required NaCl for growth. The isolates described herein include cold-active species not previously reported from Dry Valley lakes, and their physiological and phylogenetic characterization broadens our understanding of these limnologically unique lakes.
Chapter 11 The forming of thermoset composites

Abstract Forming has the potential to replace the time-consuming and labor-intensive hand lay-up processes as a cost-effective alternate for the manufacturing of a variety of thermoset composite products. In this chapter, diaphragm forming of thermoset composites is reviewed, with the emphasis on kinematics and forming limit analysis. The unique properties of the composites lead to kinematic constraints so that the conformance of laminates to complex geometries would ideally be achieved by viscous shearing mechanism, among which the two most important such modes are in-plane shear, where adjacent fibers slide past one another, and inter-ply shear where plies slide relative to each other. General methods to calculate the ideal shear strains required to form a given part are obtained by applying the theory of differential geometry. A three-point bending test is employed to understand the constitutive laws governing the deformation. The nonlinear elastic behavior of the diaphragm materials is modeled by using the established biaxial stress theory of rubbers. The balance between the mechanisms that cause and prevent wrinkling leads to the preliminary forming limit diagrams, which would allow us to predict the occurrence of undesirable modes such as laminate wrinkling. The chapter concludes with some innovative development of the diaphragm forming process at MIT.