cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Form and Welfare Measures in Truncated Recreation Demand Models

This article examines the effect on welfare measures of functional form choice and sample truncation. A truncated general Box-Cox model is developed for discriminating between alternative truncated functional forms. The model is applied to the valuation of three Texas coastal recreation sites. Neither the truncated double-log nor the truncated semilog forms are appropriate for the truncated data used in the empirical analysis. Different functional forms yield different consumer's surplus estimates when samples are truncated.
Avoided crossings in driven systems

We characterize the avoided crossings in a two-parameter, time-periodic system which has been the basis for a wide variety of experiments. By studying these avoided crossings in the near-integrable regime, we are able to determine scaling laws for the dependence of their characteristic features on the non-integrability parameter. As an application of these results, the influence of avoided crossings on dynamical tunneling is described and applied to the recent realization of multiple-state tunneling in an experimental system.
The medial basal hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone release in the rat: Where are the LH-RH neurons responsible for tonic gonadotropin secretion?

Abstract Careful review of the literature demonstrates conflicting results concerning the ability of the deafferented medial basal hypothalamus to support gonadotropin release in the rat and thus one may question the existence of LH-RH neurons in the medial basal hypothalamus. The direct search for the LH-RH perikarya in the rat hypothalamus has not settled the question of whether these releasing hormone neurons are located in the medial basal hypothalamus. Most investigators do agree that following complete hypothalamic deafferentation there is a reduction of the immunoassayable LH-RH in the medial basal hypothalamus; however, these results do not necessarily prove that LH-RH originates outside the hypothalamus. It is argued that the completely deafferented medial basal hypothalamus may be so altered by the deafferentation procedure that it may be inadequate as a means to study neuroendocrine function.
Amorphous and highly disordered metallic superconductors

Abstract The stabilization of elements and their alloys in the amorphous or highly disordered state and the superconductivity resulting from it are documented and discussed. Atomic scale disorder effects both electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions. Model calculations predict that electron-phonon effects are different for simple metals and transition metals on their tunneling and transport properties. Comparison is made with recent experimental results. According to the degree of disorder and their metallic behavior, most of the alloys discussed here are in the weakly localized regime (WLR). Modifications of electron-electron interaction in the WLR lead to “anomalous” upper critical field curves for homogeneous alloys in the dirty limit. This behavior is studied in glassy superconductors. Weak localization effect together with the dependence of electronic structure on atomic-scale structural modification influences superconductivity in a systematic way. Lastly, some future directions for research in glassy and disordered superconductors are suggested.
Stomatal development: cross talk puts mouths in place

Stomata are crucial for the productivity and survival of land plants. Until recently, little was known about the events and molecular pathways required for stomatal development. Emerging data indicate that cell-cell signaling conveys spatial information about cell identity and location. Such information might pattern stomata by orienting the plane of asymmetric division and might control stomatal number by regulating division frequency. This pathway also provides an accessible model system for studying post-apical meristem stem cells that generate specific tissues.
Phonemic Behavior of Aphasic Subjects Without Dysarthria or Apraxia of Speech

Summary Thirty adult aphasic subjects without apraxia of speech or dysarthria were tested for their ability to produce phonemes in single test words and in spontaneous contextual speech. Results indicated that 75% of the total phonemic errors were due to a whole-word phenomenon apparently associated with faulty processing of the word rather than faulty production of the phoneme. True phonemic errors comprised 25% of the total errors or about 2 % of all responses. Phoneme substitutions were by far the most frequent error (61%). Of the 30 subjects, 28 made no phonemic errors in spontaneous contextual speech. Aphasic behavior is not characterized by significant breakdown of articulatory performance. Observed patterns of error do not clearly support a phonemic regression hypothesis.
The neutral condition in sentence context experiments: Empirical studies

Several experiments are reported in which comparisons were made between different neutral conditions that have been used in sentence context experiments. There was a tendency for the neutral sentence fragment “the next word will be” to yield faster word-naming times than three other neutral conditions (“they said it was the, ” randomized strings of words, and strings of Xs). The latter three conditions tended to yield roughly similar naming times. Across the several experiments, all four of these neutral conditions tended to show either facilitation-dominant patterns or roughly equal amounts of facilitation and inhibition. Inhibition dominance was never obtained. These experiments may be useful in giving some indication of the probable empirical consequences of making different conceptual decisions regarding the neutral condition in a particular experiment.
A rationale for fractionation for slowly proliferating tumors such as prostatic adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE The incidence of carcinoma of the prostate has recently begun to exceed that of carcinoma of the lung in males in the United States. Although survival and local tumor control after treatment are good for early stages, improvements are being sought for more locally advanced stages. Dose escalation might be of benefit and might be accomplished using "three-dimensional" conformal radiotherapy or hyperfractionation. Because carcinoma of the prostate is known to be a generally slowly growing tumor, there may be more scope for extreme hyperfractionation, even with prolongation to allow for the extra number of very small fractions. This article explores only the hyperfractionation approach, and only theoretically, to investigate when treatments might become too hyperfractionated. METHODS AND MATERIALS The major problem was what to assume for proliferation rates in human adenocarcinomas. A literature search yielded labeling indices (S-phase proportions) often averaging about 1%, but spreading up to 6% or more in individual cases. These data are reviewed, and three bands of rate of loss of local control were chosen for the subsequent calculations: 0.5%, 1%, and 2% loss of local control per week of prolongation. Calculations were done using the linear-quadratic model for a series of doses per fraction of 1.2, 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6 Gy, given twice a day (b.i.d.) in 7, 9, 12, and 17 weeks, respectively. They were compared with a "standard" 36 fractions of 2 Gy = 72 Gy in 7 weeks. Total doses for equal late effects were calculated assuming a late alpha/beta of 3 Gy; the tumor Biologically Effective Doses were calculated assuming tumor alpha/beta values of 30, 10, and 5 Gy. The possible increases of local tumor control were estimated assuming a gamma-37 slope of 2% (per percent increase in total tumor dose). RESULTS Graphs are presented of the estimated local control as a function of dose per fraction (and overall time), for advanced tumors (starting at 30% LC) and for less advanced tumors (starting at 70%). The largest increase is always for the change from 2 Gy once a day (q.d.) to 1.2 Gy b.i.d. Further changes of local control with hyperfractionation depend upon tumor proliferation rate and on the shape of the tumor cell survival curve. The largest gains are for the more advanced tumors. CONCLUSIONS There is no great encouragement to proceed to more hyperfractionated and prolonged schedules than 1.2-1.0 Gy b.i.d. in 7-9 weeks. We await developments that might more reliably enable potential doubling time and cell survival curve shapes to be routinely determined for individual tumors, before further hyperfractionation might be considered. In the absence of tumor kinetic measurements, we might consider low grade tumors to be the ones to select for prolonged fractionation, whereas high grade tumors would be more suitable for 1.2 Gy b.i.d. with no prolongation, or for dose escalation using conventional fraction sizes and conformal radiotherapy.
Endogenous hyperlipidemia and plasma fatty acid profiles of normal and hereditary nonlaying chickens

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), and their fatty acid compositions were compared among hereditary nonlaying hens, layers and roosters fed a basal low-fat, cholesterol-free diet. 2. 2. At pubescence, hens which failed to lay eggs developed an extreme endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. 3. 3. Layers developed a mild hyperlipidemia at the onset of laying, which returned to an almost normolipidemic level with continuous egg production; hyperlipidemia persisted. 4. 4. Present findings demonstrate that restricted ovulation in nonlayers is accompanied by severe derangement in blood lipid metabolism.
Influence of an insect growth regulator on the larval development of an estuarine shrimp.

Abstract The influence of methoprene, an insect growth regulator used in mosquito control, on larval development of the estuarine grass shrimp ( Palaemonetes pugio ) was examined in the laboratory. No grass shrimp larvae successfully completed metamorphosis when continuously exposed to 1000 μg methoprene litre −1 . Completion of larval metamorphosis was significantly reduced by exposure to 100 μg litre −1 of the isomeric mixture (R,S)-methoprene but not the single isomer formulation (S)-methoprene. No statistically significant difference was revealed, however, in ability to inhibit metamorphosis between these two isomeric types across the broad range of exposure concentrations from 0·1 to 1000·0 μg litre −1 . The first two larval stages and the final premetamorphic larval stage were more sensitive to methoprene toxicity than intermediate larval stages. Methoprene exposure did not alter either the duration of total larval development or the total number of larval stages prior to metamorphosis.
Application of GPU to Three Computational Models

In this paper, we report three applications of Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) based algorithms for high performance computation of mathematical models with the Fron Tier++ code. In the first set of simulations, the system of one-dimensional gas dynamics equations is solved by the Weighed Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme, we achieved 7-20 times speedup for different mesh sizes on one GPU device. In the second case, the spring model for fabric dynamics is studied, the GPU code is about 10-20 times faster than the pure CPU code for different mesh sizes. In the last case, a GPU enhanced numerical algorithm for American option pricing under the generalized hyperbolic distribution is studied. Using one GPU device, we have achieved 2 times speedup for the price of single option and 100 times speedup for multiple options.
AVERAGE RADIATIVE CAPTURE CROSS SECTIONS FOR 30- AND 65-kev NEUTRONS

Neutron radiative capture cross sections near 30 and 65 keV have been measured for a large number of elements by means of a large liquid scintillator and a pulsed neutron source. The results show definitive even vs odd $A$ effects as well as systematic variations due primarily to effects of nuclear shells. Calculations of the scintillator efficiency for various capture $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray cascade modes are in good agreement with experimental results.
A multi-layer approach to green computing: Designing energy-efficient digital circuits and manycore architectures

We presented a communications-inspired circuit-level technique that can take advantage of the error tolerance of the overlying applications to reduce power dissipation, and an architecture technique that takes advantage of the spatial and temporal variations in NoC bandwidth requirements to reduce power dissipation. We believe that such an integrated approach, where we explore the opportunities for improving the energy efficiency at each level in the design hierarchy based on the constraints/specifications at other levels in the hierarchy, needs to be adopted to design highly energy-efficient VLSI systems.
Mechanical properties and structure of particle coated interfaces : Influence of particle size and bidisperse 2D suspensions

We report surface pressure−area (Π−A) isotherms of bidisperse mixtures of anionic polystyrene latex particles at a water/n-decane interface as well as optical photographs of the interface for various compressions and mixture ratios. In the case of mixtures of 3 and 5 μm particles, we observe crystalline layers at high or low concentration ratios, where the “impurity” particles concentrate at the grain boundaries of the crystalline structure. At intermediate ratios, the layers become highly disordered. However, in both cases, we show that the shape of the isotherms remains unchanged. In the case of the mixtures of 9 μm particles with either 3 or 5 μm particles, the smaller particles aggregate around the larger particles through capillary interaction resulting in the formation of large fractal aggregates. At high compression, these layers contain holes that seem very compressible. As a result, the surface pressure isotherms show a smaller surface pressure jump than for other mixtures.
A randomized evaluation of bispectral index-augmented sedation assessment in neurological patients.

Objective To assess whether monitoring sedation status using bispectral index (BIS) as an adjunct to clinical evaluation was associated with a reduction in the total amount of sedative drug used in a 12 h period.
Two-dimensional transport behavior in PbTeBi superlattices

Abstract We report on the 2D charge transport behavior observed in PbTeBi superlattice films. The logarithmic behavior with temperature and magnetic field was observed for the samples having the thickness of the PbTe layers larger than 45 A. This 2D behavior disappeared with annealing and, eventually, the sample showed a 3D nature for the fully annealed case.
Focus Issue: Teaching Tools and Learning Opportunities

Science Signaling provides authoring experience for students and resources for educators. Students experience the writing and revision process involved in authoring short commentary articles that are published in the Journal Club section. By publishing peer-reviewed teaching materials, Science Signaling provides instructors with feedback that improves their materials and an outlet to share their tips and techniques and digital resources with other teachers.
A tactical pacification game for leadership development.

The structure of the Tactical Pacification Game is described and applications for evaluating and developing leadership competence are explained. Relevant research paradigms and specially developed ...
Prediction of attrition from day hospital treatment in lower socioeconomic cocaine-dependent men

This study attempted to identify predictors of completion of a 27 h/week 4-week day hospital program for cocaine dependence. The research subjects were 95 lower socioeconomic, primarily African American male veterans. Of a wide range of predictor variables available at baseline, including sociodemographic and historical information, Addiction Severity Index data, psychiatric diagnoses, SCL-90 measures, and measures of craving and familial alcoholism, only the cocaine urine toxicology result and self report of days of cocaine use in the past 30 days (log transformed) were significant predictors. The urine toxicology result was the more powerful predictor with 73% with a negative urine completing treatment, as contrasted with 36% with a positive urine. Three additional measures obtained at the end of treatment week 1 further increased ability to predict treatment completion/attrition. Two of these measures were based on counsellor ratings and one was based on the patient's report of psychiatric treatment services received during the first treatment week. Thus, patients at high risk for dropout can be identified fairly early. Whether treatments can be adapted to retain such patients is an important question for the field.
Current-Induced Polarization and the Spin Hall Effect at Room Temperature

Electrically induced electron spin polarization is imaged in $n$-type ZnSe epilayers using Kerr rotation spectroscopy. Despite no evidence for an electrically induced internal magnetic field, current-induced in-plane spin polarization is observed with characteristic spin lifetimes that decrease with doping density. The spin Hall effect is also observed, indicated by an electrically induced out-of-plane spin polarization with opposite sign for spins accumulating on opposite edges of the sample. The spin Hall conductivity is estimated as $3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\text{ }\text{ }{\ensuremath{\Omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}/|e|$ at 20 K, which is consistent with the extrinsic mechanism. Both the current-induced spin polarization and the spin Hall effect are observed at temperatures from 10 to 295 K.
Epstein-Barr virus genotypes in multiple sclerosis.

Background – Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, but the relationship between the virus and the disease is not clear. As many different types of EBV exist, it is possible that MS is caused by one particular type of EBV. Objectives – The aim of this study was to determine whether MS is associated with a particular genotype of EBV. Materials and methods – We collected blood from MS patients and controls, amplified and sequenced the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene, and compared the groups. Results – We found a variety of LMP-1 sequences in both MS and controls, with no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion – We conclude that MS is not associated with a particular genotype of EBV.
Tripeptidyl Peptidase II. An Oligomeric Protease Complex from Arabidopsis

The breakdown of most nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins involves their partial cleavage by the 26S proteasome followed by further disassembly to free amino acids by the combined action of endo- and exopeptidases. In animals, one important intermediate exopeptidase is tripeptidyl peptidase (TPP)II, which digests peptide products of the 26S proteasome and other endopeptidases into tripeptides. Here, we describe the purification and characterization of TPPII from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Like its animal counterparts, Arabidopsis TPPII exists as a soluble, approximately 5- to 9-MD complex. Two related species of 153 and 142 kD are present in the purified preparations that are derived from a single TPP2 gene. Sequencing by Edman degradation of the intact polypeptides and mass spectrometry of proteolytic fragments demonstrated that the 142-kD form mainly differs from the 153-kD form by a truncation at the C-terminal end. This serine protease is a member of the subtilisin superfamily and is sensitive to the inhibitors alanine-alanine-phenylalanine-chloromethylketone and butabindide, which are diagnostic for the TPPII subfamily. The Arabidopsis TPP2 gene is widely expressed in many tissue types with related genes evident in other plant genomes. Whereas the 26S proteasome is essential, TPPII appears not as important for plant physiology. An Arabidopsis T-DNA mutant defective in TPP2 expression displays no phenotypic abnormalities and is not hypersensitive to either amino acid analogs or the 26S proteasome inhibitor MG132. As a consequence, plants likely contain other intermediate exopeptidases that assist in amino acid recycling.
An investigation of matched index of refraction technique and its application in optical measurements of fluid flow

Optical distortions caused by non-uniformities of the refractive index within the measurement volume is a major impediment for all laser diagnostic imaging techniques applied in experimental fluid dynamic studies. Matching the refractive indices of the working fluid and the test section walls and interfaces provides an effective solution to this problem. The experimental set-ups designed to be used along with laser imaging techniques are typically constructed of transparent solid materials. In this investigation, different types of aqueous salt solutions and various organic fluids are studied for refractive index matching with acrylic and fused quartz, which are commonly used in construction of the test sections. One aqueous CaCl2·2H2O solution (63 % by weight) and two organic fluids, Dibutyl Phthalate and P-Cymene, are suggested for refractive index matching with fused quartz and acrylic, respectively. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the refractive indices of these fluids is investigated, and the Thermooptic Constant is calculated for each fluid. Finally, the fluid viscosity for different shear rates is measured as a function of temperature and is applied to characterize the physical behavior of the proposed fluids.
The Effects of Task Content and Reward Contingency Upon Task Performance and Satisfaction1

A laboratory study examined the effects of task design and reward contingency upon task performance and satisfaction and upon behavioral and attributional measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were defined by the task content-task consequence distinction. Both the task design and reward contingency factors were found to yield significant multivariate F ratios, but their interaction was not significant. Subjects in the contingent pay condition had higher performance quantity than those in the noncontingent condition. Subjects in the enriched task condition produced higher quality units than those in the nonenriched condition. Both contingent pay and enriched task conditons yielded higher task satisfaction and increased attributions of performance to intrinsic factors. Results were discussed in terms of cognitive evaluation theory and the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
The Cocoa Industry and Child Labour

Reports of forced child labour on the cocoa farms of Cote d’Ivoire surfaced in 2000 and quickly became an important business issue for a number of prominent companies. Media coverage and the threat of regulatory action mobilised the international cocoa industry to collaborate with other stakeholders to eliminate the worst forms of child labour from cocoa production. The international cocoa industry moved from a refusal to acknowledge serious labour problems in the global cocoa supply chain, to acknowledgement, and a public commitment to act to address the problems. The experience of the cocoa industry provides a number of lessons for executives, advocates and policy-makers seeking to promote labour standards. Industry participants sought the participation of multiple stakeholders, defined standards by referencing international law, and sought reliable information from the field. This case also demonstrates that pressure on consumer brands, strategic government intervention and geographic concentration facilitates collaborative action. ! Cocoa
Loop Dependence of the Dynamics of DNA Hairpins

The kinetics of unwinding of DNA hairpins with varying loop sizes L was monitored using time-resolved absorbance measurements after a laser temperature jump. The characteristic time for forming hairpins is found to scale with the loop size as L2.0±0.2, for loops consisting of both poly(dT) and poly(dA) strands, in close agreement with the scaling of loop-closure probability expected for semiflexible polymers. In contrast, equilibrium measurements show that the hairpins with smaller loops are stabilized by a factor that is much larger than can be accounted for simply by the entropic cost of bringing two ends of the polymer together. This excess stability of smaller loops partitions into the opening times, which are found to decrease as L-2.0±0.3. The temperature dependence of the observed relaxation times, together with the equilibrium measurements, yields negative activation energy (≈ −11 ± 2.3 kcal/mol) for the closing step at temperatures near the melting temperature of the hairpins. In contrast, temper...
Structure and Physical Properties of Two- and Three-Dimensional Divalent Metal Adipate Coordination Polymers with Bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine Tethers

Hydrothermal reaction of divalent metal salts, adipic acid and bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (bpmp), resulted in the generation of a series of coordination polymers whose two-dimensional and three-dimensional topologies depend on coordination environment, adipate conformation and carboxylate binding mode, and piperazinyl ring protonation. {[Cd(adipate)(H2bpmp)(H2O)]SO4·4H2O}n (1) manifests simple (4,4) grid cationic layers, while its oxoanion-free congener [Cd(adipate)(bpmp)]n (2) has a 5-fold interpenetrated diamondoid lattice. {[Cu(adipate)(Hbpmp)(H2O)]ClO4·3H2O}n (3) displays {Cu2O2} dimer-based (4,4) grid cationic layers. The isostructural complexes [M(adipate)(bpmp)(H2O)]n (M = Co, 4; M = Ni, 5) possess anti−syn bridged one-dimensional [M(OCO)]n chains and rare 3,5-connected binodal nets with (4.62)(4.6683) topology. The cadmium derivatives 1 and 2 undergo blue-violet light emission on excitation with ultraviolet. Antiferromagnetic coupling is observed in 3, while ferromagnetic superexchange occurs ...
Serotonergic excitation from dorsal raphe stimulation recorded intracellulary from rat caudate-putamen

Abstract Similar to other afferents to rat caudate-putamen, stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus evokes nucleus evokes a series of 3 responses which can be recorded intracellularly. An initial depolarization is followed by a long-lasting inhibition which is, in turn, terminated by another period of depolarization. Pharmacological manipulations demonstrate that the initial depolarizing potential is serotonergic. Depletion of serotonin by means of prior treatment with para -chlorophenylalanine leads to a reduction in the amplitude of the depolarization which can be evoked by maximal stimulation of dorsal raphe. Neither the long-lasting hyperpolarization nor the late excitation which follow the initial depolarization is affected. Replacement of serotonin levels by injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan results in a restoration of the amplitude of the depolarizing response. The latency of the initial depolarization is, however, unchanged in serotonin-depleted animals. This together with the observation in some cells of a component of the initial depolarization resistant to para -chlorophenylalanine treatment, suggests that there is a non-serotonergic excitation which precedes that mediated by serotonin.
Skin commotion from repetitive devotion. Prayer callus.

A 70-year-old Muslim Indian man was seen in his physician's office because of pain and swelling of the right knee. Apart from these findings, physical examination revealed only a hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic, 4-cm lesion in the middle of his upper forehead. The patient reported that the lesion had been present for many years with no related symptoms.
A plasticity model for multiaxial cyclic loading and ratchetting

The nonlinear behavior of metals when subjected to monotonic and cyclic non-proportional loading is modeled using the proposed hardening rule. The model is based on the Chaboche [1], [2] and Voyiadjis and Sivakumar [3], [4] models incorporating the bounding surface concept. The evolution of the backstress is governed by the deviatoric stress rate direction, the plastic strain rate, the backstress, and the proximity of the yield surface from the bounding surface. In order to ensure uniqueness of the solution, nesting of the yield surface with the bounding surface is ensured. The prediction of the model in uniaxial cyclic loading is compared with the experimental results obtained by Chaboche [1], [2]. The behavior of the model in multiaxial stress space is tested by comparing it with the experimental results in axial and torsional loadings performed by Shiratori et al. [5] for different stress trajectories. The amount of hardening of the material is tested for different complex stress paths. The model gives a very satisfactory result under uniaxial, cyclic and biaxial non-proportional loadings. Ratchetting is also illustrated using a non-proportional loading history.
PHOTOMOVEMENT IN AN “EYELESS” MUTANT OF Chlamydomonas

The function of the stigma (“eyespot”) in the green flagellate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated by comparing the photomovement of the wild-type alga with that of an “eyeless” mutant (ey 627). Movements of individual cells in response to a blue-green stimulus light were recorded using a videomicroscope system and were analyzed using vectorial methods. Cells of the “eyeless” mutant were phototactic; at a high stimulus fluence rate, their swimming paths were directed away from the light source. Although the orientation of the mutant was not as strongly directional as that of the wild type, it was statistically significant. However, the swimming paths of the mutant cells were very erratic in the presence of the stimulus beam, undergoing frequent changes of direction. Despite the differences in their phototactic orientation, cells of mutant and wild type all showed a distinct step-up photophobic response at the onset of stimulation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the stigma plays an accessory role in phototaxis, either by shading the photoreceptor or by acting as a quarter-wave reflector.
Analysis of combined forced and free convection across a horizontal cylinder

A new analysis is performed to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of laminar combined forced and free convection about a horizontal cylinder. The transformed conservation equations of the nonsimilar boundary layers are solved by a finite difference method. Numerical results for gases having a Prandtl number of 0.7 are presented for buoyancy parameters which cover the entire domain of the mixed convection, ranging from pure forced convection to pure free convection. It is found that both the local wall shear and the local heat transfer rate (1) increase with increasing buoyancy force for assisting flow, (2) decrease with increasing buoyancy force for opposing flow, and (3) depend very strongly on the variation of the local free stream velocity, particularly for small to moderate buoyancy forces. With regard to the heat transfer results, the buoyancy force effects on forced convection are found to be important for Gr/Re2 ≥ 1.93 and ≤ –1.60, respectively for assisting and opposing flows, whereas the inertia force effects on free convection become significant for Re2/Gr ≥ 0.012. On a fait une nouvelle analyse des caracteristiques d'ecoulement et de transfert de la chaleur d'une convection laminaire forcee ou libre autour d'un cylindre horizontal. On a resolu, par une methode de differences finies, les equations de conservation transformees de couches-limites non semblables. On presente les resultats numeriques dans le cas de gaz dont le nombre de Prandtl est 0.7 et pour des parametres qui embrassent le domaine entier de la convection mixte, lequel comprend la convection pure (forcee et libre). On a constate que le cisaillement a la paroi locale et le taux de transfert local de la chaleur (1) s'accroissaient lorsque la force de flottement augmentait pour un courant aidant, (2) decroissaient lorsque la force de flottement augmentait pour un courant contraire et (3) dependaient considerablement de la variation de la vitesse locale du courant libre, surtout dans le cas de forces de flottement allant de faibles a moderes. En ce qui a trait aux resultats du transfert de la chaleur, les effets des forces de flottement sur la convection forcee se sont averes importants pour Gr/Re2 ≥ 1.93 et ≤ 1.60, dans le cas des courants aidant et contraire respectivement, tandis que les effets de la force d'inertie sur la convection libre se sont averes importants pour Re2/Gr ≤ 0.012.
Ignitability Analysis of Siding Materials Using Modified Protocol for Lift Apparatus

This paper reports on the ignitability of common siding materials that could be exposed to wildland fires. When exposed to brands or fires, structures will experience piloted ignition, which is requisite for sustained ignition involving burn-through and surface flame spread in various directions. In this study, the Lateral Ignition and Flame Spread Test (LIFT) apparatus (ASTM E1321 and E1317) was used to test various siding materials (plywoods, softwoods, and vinyl), some of wbich were painted, humidified, or sawed. A recently developed protocol provided useful, accurate values of the following thermophysical properties : surface emissivity, surface ignition temperature, tbermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity. Full consistency was achieved with independent literature values of these properties and can be used directly in the database of fire growth models.
Reduction of silver nitrate by cystoliths ofFicus elastica

The cystoliths ofFicus elastica turn dark when a 2 per cent solution of silver nitrate is applied to the leaf sections. The cystoliths appear as if they reduce the silver ions and impregnate themselves with metallic silver. The reducing activity is, however, accounted for by ascorbic acid, and not by the cystoliths in themselves. The darkening reaction takes place in the presence of ascorbic acid either natively contained in fresh leaves or exogenously replenished after killing of the leaf sections. The cystoliths can react, however, only when they maintain the calcareous cortex intact. The reaction no longer occurs even in the presence of ascorbic acid when the cystoliths have been deprived of the cortex by exposure to Na2-EDTA.
Desiccation and thermal tolerance of eggs and the coexistence of competing mosquitoes

We tested the hypothesis that differences in temperature and desiccation tolerances of eggs of the container-dwelling mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti influence whether invading A. albopictus coexist with or exclude A. aegypti in Florida. In the laboratory, egg mortality through 30 days for A. albopictus was strongly temperature and humidity dependent, with low humidity and high temperature producing greatest mortality. In contrast, mortality through 30 days and through 60 days for A. aegypti was very low and independent of temperature and humidity. Mortality through 90 days for A. aegypti showed significant effects of both temperature and humidity. In the field, the proportion of vases occupied by A. albopictus was significantly lower at four of six sites at the start of the wet season (after a dry period) versus well into the wet season (after containers had held water for weeks). The proportion of vases occupied by A. aegypti was independent of when during the wet season vases were sampled. These results imply that dry periods cause disproportionately greater mortality of A. albopictus eggs compared to A. aegypti eggs. Container occupancy at tire and cemetery sites was significantly related to two principal components derived from long-term average climate data. Occupancy of containers by A. albopictus was greatest at cool sites with little or no dry season, and decreased significantly with increasing mean temperature and increasing number of dry months. In contrast, occupancy of containers by A. aegypti was lowest at cool sites with little or no dry season, and increased significantly with increasing mean temperature and increasing dry season length, and decreased significantly with total precipitation and number of wet months. We suggest that local coexistence of these species is possible because warm, dry climates favor A. aegypti and alleviate effects of competition from A. albopictus via differential mortality of A. albopictus eggs.
Macroglobulin Elevations in Functional Mental Illness

THIS communication reports the results of analytical ultracentrifuge analyses on sera of 50 acutely mentally disturbed patients. Sera were taken within 24 hr. of admission to hospital and prior to institution of definitive therapy. Phenothiazine, monoamine oxidase inhibitor or electroshock therapy had not been given to any patient during the three months prior to serum collection. The diagnoses were varied; but all patients had an acute mental disturbance of sufficient severity to warrant hospital admission. Consecutively admitted patients were used excluding only those with known organic brain disease, alcoholism and those known to have had drug or electro-shock treatment during the previous three months. Sera of 48 blood bank donors were used as controls. Sera were stored at −15° C. until analysis, which was usually within 8 weeks of collection. (Analytical ultracentrifuge examinations were made by the Institute of Medical Physics, Belmont, California.)
Photomodulation spectroscopy of states in the gap in phosphorous doped a-Si:H and a-Si:H/a-SiNX:H multilayer structures

Abstract Photomodulation spectra were measured in P-doped a-Si:H and in a-Si:H/a-SiNX:H multilayer structures from 0.25 to 1.8eV. We ascribe the spectrum of P-doped a-Si:H to photocarriers trapped in charged impurity states P4+ and in impurity related dangling bonds D−(P). We found that D−(P) is lower in energy by about 0.25 eV compared to D− in undoped a-Si:H and that the effective correlation energy Ueff = 0.4 ± 0.1 eV. We interpret the spectrum of the multilayer structures in terms of interface related defect states.
Adenosine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia. Clinical characteristics and response to catheter ablation.

BACKGROUNDSustained ventricular tachycardia in the absence of structural heart disease may have diverse mechanisms. Termination of the tachycardia by adenosine suggests triggered automaticity as the etiology in many of these patients. We examined the clinical characteristics, electrophysiological responses, and results of catheter ablation in this patient subgroup.METHODS AND RESULTSIntravenous adenosine terminated sustained ventricular tachycardia in seven of 14 consecutive patients without evidence of structural heart disease. In each of these patients, the tachycardia had a left bundle branch block, inferior-axis QRS configuration and occurred predominantly during stress or exertion. A morphologically similar sustained tachycardia was induced in six of seven patients during programmed ventricular stimulation, although day-to-day reproducibility was poor. Signal-averaged ECGs were normal in all patients. Imaging with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine did not reveal focal abnormalities in any of five patients...
Free energy in a Markovian model of a lattice spin system

A Markov process which may be thought of as a classical lattice spin system is considered. States of the system are probability measures on the configuration space, and we study the evolution of the free energy of these states with time. It is proved that for all initial states the free energy is nonincreasing and that it strictly decreases from any initial state which is shift invariant but not an equilibrium state. Finally we show that the state of the system converges weakly to the set of Gibbsian Distributions for the given interaction, and that all shift invariant equilibrium states are Gibbsian Distributions.
Square-Wave Analysis of Compensated Amplifiers

A complete analysis of a single-stage compensated video-frequency amplifier is presented. In this amplifier high-frequency compensation is obtained by the use of a shunt peaking coil in series with the plate load resistance, and low-frequency compensation is obtained by using a resistance-capacitance network in series with the plate load resistance. Both square-wave and sine-wave input voltages to the amplifier are considered. The square-wave analysis consists of a determination of the output wave shape when a symmetrical square wave is applied to the input. Equations for the output wave shape are derived and put in such a form that the output wave shape may be plotted for any desired frequency of input square wave. Output wave shapes are drawn for a number of typical operating conditions, and the corresponding frequency- and phase-response curves are drawn for comparison. The effect of the cathode impedance, assumed negligible in the square-wave analysis, is considered briefly in a separate section, and its effect on low-frequency compensation is discussed. Derivations of many of the equations used are found in the Appendix.
Are Poor People Really Excluded from Jobs Located in their Own Neighborhoods? Comments on Reingold and Some Additional Evidence from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality

Interviews with employers located in poor inner-city neighborhoods reveal that they view nearby workers as unproductive and frequently troublesome. This suggests that these employers may exclude poor people from jobs located in their own neighborhood. Some rare quantitative evidence is provided by Reingold based on data from the Urban Poverty and Family Study’s survey of Chicago-area employers. His results are cause for optimism because they suggest that exclusion does not occur. However, his analysis treats all poor neighborhoods the same, regardless of their racial composition. I provide evidence from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality Survey of Employers that suggests that poor people are excluded from jobs in their own neighborhood if the neighborhood contains a plurality of Blacks, but exclusion does not occur if the neighborhood has a plurality of either Whites or Hispanics.
Grand challenges of evolutionary psychology

SHARED CHALLENGES Researchers in evolutionary psychology face the same grand challenges as researchers who eschew the evolutionary approach in their own fi elds of study. Why, and when, do people behave altruistically? How do people make decisions, economic or otherwise, and what role do emotions play in decisionmaking? How do people choose their mates? How do people acquire information, from basic physical knowledge about objects and forces to important local knowledge about particular people and artifacts? How do these processes differ from – or resemble – learning processes among non-humans? How do the answers to all of these questions depend on properties of the individual, such as sex, life history phase, genetic endowment, developmental history, and context? And what are the physiological and neurophysiological substrates of the mechanisms that underlie all of these processes? Evolutionary psychologists share these challenges with researchers from other disciplines because the fi eld is not, of course, distinguished from others in terms of the domain of inquiry. Evolutionary psychologists study economic decision making (like economists), interpersonal and group dynamics (like social psychologists), cultural processes (like anthropologists), and endocrine effects (like physiologists). The questions evolutionary psychologists ask are not only our questions, and the methodological hurdles we must overcome are faced by our colleagues with nonevolutionary approaches because we share the same toolkit, from ethnography to behavioral lab studies to neuroimaging. What, then, are the challenges uniquely faced by evolutionary psychology?
Clinical Communication in a Trauma Intensive Care Unit (ICU): A Case Study:

In 2006, JCAHO defined the second of its National Patient Safety goals as to “Improve the effectiveness of communication among caregivers”. The SBAR protocol gives practical guidelines for person-to-person communication but may not be appropriate in its current form for more complex contexts. This paper presents a case study showing communication processes in one ICU and illustrates important principles of complex clinical communication. The case study is based on observational and interview data from a bedside nurse, a charge nurse, a resident and a fellow over 12 hours each in a major trauma ICU. Artefacts were also collected and annotated. Five types of interconnected communication events are described in the sequence in which they occur. Each communication event is described in terms of its purpose, participants, process, and support tools. Four principles are defined.
Electroexcitation of nuclear magnetic dipole transitions

The field of electroexcitation of nuclear M1 transitions is reviewed. The subject is introduced with an elementary description of the relationship between backward-angle electron scattering and M1 excitation. Data analysis methods as well as 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} electron scattering techniques are also treated. The discussion of experimental results emphasizes the strength of the spin-flip transition, the concentration of M1 strength in self-conjugate nuclei, the degree of fragmentation of this strength in other nuclei, the response of odd-$A$ rotational nuclei to 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} electron scattering, and the possible existence of an M1 giant resonance among the nuclides, especially the heavy nuclei.
Evaluation of Type C Fly Ash in Cold In-Place Recycling:

The Kansas Department of Transportation has developed an innovative method of rehabilitating low-volume pavements using cold in-place recycling (CIR) and Type C fly ash. Previous field test sections have indicated that fly ash improves constructability and moisture sensitivity. However, the same field test sections have exhibited increased cracking with increased fly ash content and a drop in pavement modulus with time. A laboratory study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fly ash content on CIR. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was mixed with 3, 7, 11, and 15 percent Type C fly ash and the fatigue life, durability, freeze-thaw resistance, and thermal cracking potential of laboratory-compacted samples were evaluated. RAP mixed with asphalt emulsion and asphalt emulsion with hydrated lime were evaluated as well. The results indicated that 7 to 11 percent Type C fly ash provided optimal laboratory freeze-thaw and moisture sensitivity performance. Increasing the fly ash content resulted in a brittle fa...
The DEAD-box protein Dbp5 controls mRNA export by triggering specific RNA:protein remodeling events

Messenger RNA (mRNA) export involves the unidirectional passage of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), presumably driven by the ATP-dependent activity of the DEAD-box protein Dbp5. Here we report that Dbp5 functions as an RNP remodeling protein to displace the RNA-binding protein Nab2 from RNA. Strikingly, the ADP-bound form of Dbp5 and not ATP hydrolysis is required for RNP remodeling. In vivo studies with nab2 and dbp5 mutants show that a Nab2-bound mRNP is a physiological Dbp5 target. We propose that Dbp5 functions as a nucleotide-dependent switch to control mRNA export efficiency and release the mRNP from the NPC.
Physico-chemical changes in Philippine Carabao mangoes during ripening

Abstract Physico-chemical changes in Philippine Carabao mangoes were measured through a seven-day ripening period at ambient conditions (28–32°C and 64–67% RH). Among these were changes in colour, texture, moisture, pectin, starch, total soluble solids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity and pH. The ripening changes observed are discussed and compared with known information on similar changes in other mango varieties.