cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENSO SIGNAL IN THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC AND WESTERN INDIAN OCEANS

This article examines the time-space evolution of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal in the tropical Atlantic and western Indian Oceans, using harmonic analysis. Composites of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and other variables are examined for a 24-month period beginning 6 months prior to the year of maximum warming in the Pacific (termed year 0). An ENSO signal is apparent in the Atlantic in six out of eight Pacific episodes and in the Indian Ocean in all eight episodes. Warming begins along the south-eastern Atlantic coast early in year 0, some months later elsewhere in the Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean. Maximum warming occurs in the Atlantic in October-December of year 0, but in the following January-March in the Indian Ocean. In these oceans a 'cold' phase occurs synchronously with the first half of the Pacific episode (July of year 1 to June of year 0, in the Rasmusson-Carpenter terminology), a 'warm' phase with the second half. Maximum cooling is 1 year prior to maximum warming in both oceans. In the Atlantic the cold phase occurs most consistently; in the Indian Ocean the warm phase occurs most consistently. There is a season-by-season reversal of SST anomalies and, to a lesser extent, pressure anomalies between the cold and warm phases. This is the basis for the biennial component of the ENSO signal. Our results indicate that the ENSO signal in African rainfall variability is a manifestation of ENSO's influence on SSTs in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and, in turn, their influence on rainfall. The cold and warm phases correspond roughly to enhanced and reduced rainfall over the African continent, respectively. A similar reversal of rainfall anomalies is apparent season-by-season during these phases. The timing of the warming and cooling is relatively constant in the Indian Ocean. However, the onset of the warming and cooling in the south and equatorial Atlantic occurs progressively later from south to north, thus the signal 'propagates' northward. A similar propagation, synchronous in timing and latitude, is evident in ENSO induced rainfall anomalies over southern and equatorial Africa during the 'cold' phase but not during the 'warm' phase. This may be indicative of a switch in the control of rainfall from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean during these phases. 1997 by the Royal Meteorological Society. Int. J. Climatol. 17, 345-375 (1997)
Influence of fortification with sodium–calcium caseinate and whey protein concentrate on microbiological, textural and sensory properties of set‐type yoghurt

The effect of fortification of yoghurt with sodium–calcium caseinate (SCC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on some properties of set-type yoghurt were investigated. The addition of WPC enhanced the viability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus more than SCC. The highest firmness values were obtained from SCC-fortified yoghurts, whereas yoghurts fortified with WPC had the highest water-holding capacity during storage. The yoghurts fortified with 4% w/w SCC or 4% w/w WPC had the highest viscosity. Yoghurts fortified with 2% w/w SMP, SCC or WPC showed similar taste and overall acceptability scores; however, samples containing 4% w/w SCC or 4% w/w WPC had the lowest scores.
Heads Up and Camera Down: A Vision-Based Tracking Modality for Mobile Mixed Reality

Anywhere augmentation pursues the goal of lowering the initial investment of time and money necessary to participate in mixed reality work, bridging the gap between researchers in the field, and regular computer users. Our paper contributes to this goal by introducing the GroundCam, a cheap tracking modality with no significant setup necessary. By itself, the GroundCam provides high frequency and high resolution relative position information similar to an inertial navigation system but with significantly less drift. We present the design and implementation of the GroundCam, analyze the impact of several design and runtime factors on tracking accuracy and consider the implications of extending our GroundCam to different hardware configurations. Motivated by the performance analysis, we developed a hybrid tracker that couples the GroundCam with a wide area tracking modality via a complementary Kalman filter, resulting in a powerful base for indoor and outdoor mobile mixed reality work. To conclude, the performance of the hybrid tracker and its utility within mixed reality applications is discussed.
Transmission characteristics and reliability of pure-silica-core single-mode fibers

Transmission characteristics and reliability for pure-silica-core single-mode fiber with matched cladding are presented. On account of the "pure" silica core, without any additives, the fiber features the low attenuation and improved chemical stability under the existence of hydrogen and γ-ray radiation. High mechanical reliability and good splicing behavior of the fibers were also confirmed. More than 2000 km of pure-silica-core fiber have been fabricated, exhibiting median attenuation of 0.35 dB/km at 1.3 μm and 0.21 dB/ km at 1.55 μm. The achieved minimum attenuation was 0.154 dB/km at 1.55-1.56 \mu m, which is the lowest attenuation ever reported.
Retinoblastoma Metastatic to Bone Marrow A Case with Florid Spread

A 28-month-old white male, 7 months status postenucleation for retinoblastoma, presented with lethargy, irritability, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow examination revealed almost total replacement of marrow elements with clumps of small round basophilic cells. Electron microscopic study of the marrow revealed clumps of cohesive tumor cells with intermediate junctions, establishing a diagnosis of metastatic retinoblastoma.
Finite element analysis of flextensional electroacoustic transducers

Finite element analysis is used to investigate the actuator and sensor function of flextensional transducers, otherwise also called 'moony' transducers, which consist of a thin piezoceramic disk surrounded by a thin metal casing that encloses a crescent-shaped cavity on either side of the ceramic disk. This transducer is an effective actuator for large-displacement, high-sensitivity hydrophones and low-frequency underwater acoustic transmitters. A modal analysis of such a transducer is performed, and the admittance spectrum and the voltage sensitivity under hydrostatic pressure are studied as a function of frequency and cavity shape. The efficiency of such transducers for use as large displacement actuators is analyzed by plotting the surface displacement as a driving voltage is applied. The simulation is of use in the optimal design of flextensional transducers. >
A stable longest queue first signal scheduling algorithm for an isolated intersection

There have been countless efforts directed toward efficiently controlling the flow of traffic through an intersection. This paper describes an algorithm designed for the signal control problem that employs concepts drawn from the field of computer networking. The novel method proposed utilizes a maximal weight matching algorithm to minimize the queue sizes at each approach, yielding significantly lower average vehicle delay through the intersection. Lyapunov function-based analysis is provided, deriving the conditions under which the system is guaranteed to be stable. The algorithm is compared to an optimized fixed time controller using the VISSIM traffic simulation environment. Simulation results clearly demonstrate the performance gain obtained when using the proposed scheme, particularly in the presence of the non-uniform traffic scenario proposed.
Pituitary Transcription Factor-1 Induces Transient Differentiation of Adult Hepatic Stem Cells into Prolactin-Producing Cells in Vivo

A subset of transcription factors function as pivotal regulators of cell differentiation pathways. Pituitary transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) is a tissue-specific homeodomain protein that specifies the development of pituitary somatotropes and lactotropes. In this study, adenovirus was used to deliver rat Pit-1 to mouse liver. Pit-1 expression was detected in the majority (50-80%) of hepatocyte nuclei after tail vein injection (2 x 10(9) plaque forming units). Pit-1 activated hepatic expression of the endogenous prolactin (PRL), GH, and TSHbeta genes along with several other markers of lactotrope progenitor cells. Focal clusters (0.2-0.5% of liver cells per tissue section) of periportal cells were positive for PRL by immunofluorescent staining. The PRL-producing cells also expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen as well as the hepatic stem cell markers (c-Kit, Thy1, and cytokeratin 14). These data indicate that Pit-1 induces the transient differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells into PRL-producing cells, providing additional evidence that transcription factors can specify the differentiation pathway of adult stem cells.
Genetic Paternity Analysis and Breeding Success in Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

Fish have some of the most complex mating systems known in the animal kingdom. With the advent of powerful genetic markers and an emerging mathematical framework to calculate parentage, it is now possible to analyze genetic relatedness and gene flow in these systems. An important example is the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) which consists of parental males that provide sole care for the young, cuckolder males that parasitize the parentals, and females that actively choose among males within dense breeding colonies. In this article genetic markers for bluegill are characterized and their utility in parentage studies is demonstrated by calculating the genetic relatedness of parental males to their broods for an entire natural breeding colony. A novel Monte Carlo simulation is developed to calculate the confidence in the relatedness estimates and these data are used to provide an estimate of the mean breeding success of parental and cuckolder males. Finally, the applications of genetic analyses to understanding mating systems, parental care, and life-history evolution in bluegill are discussed.
Precis: a usercentric word-length optimization tool

Translating an algorithm designed for a general-purpose processor into an algorithm optimized for custom logic requires extensive knowledge of the algorithm and the target hardware. Precis lets designers analyze the precision requirements of algorithms specified in Matlab. The design time tool combines simulation, user input, and program analysis to help designers focus their manual precision optimization efforts.
APC derived from donor splenocytes support retinal autoimmune disease in allogeneic recipients.

T cell adoptive transfer models of au- toimmune disease have been used in conjunction with radiation/bone marrow chimeras to define the minimal requirements for antigen (Ag) recognition. In models with central nervous system Ags, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II compat- ibility achieved by grafting F1 bone marrow into parental recipients was reported to be necessary and sufficient for transfer of CD4 T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Bone marrow-derived, perivascular microglia are now widely regarded to play a critical role in the expression of experimental autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. Similar results might be expected in the experimental autoimmune uveo- retinitis model, as retina is an extension of the brain. Using an allogeneic Ag-presenting cell (APC) adoptive transfer strategy, it was found that resi- dent APC were not essential and that their replace- ment with MHC-compatible cells by bone marrow- grafting techniques was not necessary. Instead, APC were recruited from the circulation. J. Leu- koc. Biol. 76: 000-000; 2004.
Designing and integrating purposeful learning in game play: a systematic review

Via a systematic review of the literature on learning games, this article presents a systematic discussion on the design of intrinsic integration of domain-specific learning in game mechanics and game world design. A total of 69 articles ultimately met the inclusion criteria and were coded for the literature synthesis. Exemplary learning games cited in the articles reviewed and developed by credible institutions were also analyzed. The cumulative findings and propositions of the game-based learning-play integration have been extracted and synthesized into five salient themes to clarify what, how, where, and when learning and content are embedded in and activated by gameplay. These themes highlight: (a) the types of game-based learning action—prior-knowledge activation and novel-knowledge acquisition, (b) the modes in which learning actions are integrated in game actions—representation, simulation, and contextualization, (c) the blended learning spaces contrived by game mechanics and the game world, (d) the occurrence of meta-reflective and iterative learning moments during game play, and (e) the multifaceted in-game learning support (or scaffolding). Future directions for the design and research of learning integration in digital games are then proposed.
Fluid shear stress modulates cytosolic free calcium in vascular endothelial cells

Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was monitored in single and groups of fura-2-loaded bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) during exposure to laminar fluid shear stress. Application of a step increase in shear stress from 0.08 to 8 dyn/cm2 to confluent BAEC monolayers resulted in a transient increase in [Ca2+]i, which attained a peak value in 15-40 s, followed by a decline to baseline within 40-80 s. The magnitude of the [Ca2+]i responses increased with applied shear stress over the range of 0.2-4 dyn/cm2 and reached a maximum at greater than 4 dyn/cm2. Transient oscillations in [Ca2+]i with gradually diminishing amplitude were observed in individual cells subjected to continuous high shear stress. Elimination of extracellular Ca2+ with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, blockade of Ca2+ entry with lanthanum, depolarization of the cell membrane with high K+, and preconditioning of BAEC in steady laminar flow had little effect on the [Ca2+]i response. In the presence of ATP or ADP, application of shear stress caused repetitive oscillations in [Ca2+]i in single BAEC, whose frequency was dependent on both agonist concentration and the magnitude of applied shear stress. However, apyrase, an ATPase and ADPase, did not inhibit the shear-induced [Ca2+]i responses in standard medium (no added ATP or ADP), suggesting that the shear-induced [Ca2+]i response is not due to ATP released by endothelial cells.
Lower omega-3 fatty acids are associated with the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies in a population at risk for future rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplement use and omega-3 FAs in erythrocyte membranes [omega-3 FA % in erythrocyte membranes (RBC)] and their association with anti-CCP autoantibodies in a population without RA, but who are at genetic risk for RA. Methods. The multicentre Studies of the Etiology of RA (SERA) cohort includes RA-free subjects who are first-degree relatives of RA probands or are enriched with the HLA-DR4 allele. In a nested case-control study, 30 SERA cases were identified who were anti-CCP2 antibody positive. We further identified 47 autoantibody negative controls, frequency matched to cases on age at study visit, sex, race and study site. Anti-CCP2 status, self-reported omega-3 FA supplement use and omega-3 FA % in RBCs were obtained from a single visit. Results. Anti-CCP2 positive cases were less likely than controls to report omega-3 FA supplement use (odds ratio: 0.14; 95% CI 0.03, 0.68). In addition, the likelihood of anti-CCP2 positivity was inversely associated with total omega-3 FA % in RBCs (odds ratio: 0.47; 95% CI 0.24, 0.92, for a s.d. increase). Conclusion. The inverse association between anti-CCP2 positivity and self-reported omega-3 FA supplement use and omega-3 FA % in RBCs suggests that omega-3 FAs may protect against the development of RA-related autoimmunity in pre-clinical RA.
Towards a notation and tablature for the kora and its application to other instruments

It is apparent, when looking over the recent publications on African music, that we are entering a very important and long overdue stage in the development of our study that of devising and using notation systems specifically for, and appropriate to, the music being studied. The new transcriptions show a consistency with the music being transcribed, both in conception and format, and encourage one to think that the researcher and the musician are moving closer in their perception of the music. The reader, too, can be reasonably assured of learning the music in its proper framework if that framework is represented in the transcription
Growth of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 in Home-Style Canned Quick Breads

The safety of a home-style canned quick bread was investigated using spores of Clostridium sporogenes putrefactive anaerobe (PA) 3679. Baking was done at 177°C for 30, 40 and 50 min, at 191°C for 45, 50 and 55 min, and at 204°C for 40, 45 and 50 min. Products were analyzed for pH, water activity (aw) and vacuum level. The microbial quality of the products was determined before and after baking. Of the products baked at 177°C, some were stored for 90 days at room temperature (23 to 25°C) or in an incubator at 35°C to study their shelf-life. Inoculated and endogenous vegetative cells and their spores were counted before and after baking and after storage using Fung's Double Tube method. Results showed germination of endogenous spores in uninoculated products after baking at 177°C for 30 min and storage at 35°C for 90 days. Survival of inoculated C. sporogenes PA 3679 was detected for all baking and storage treatments. Further work is recommended to determine safe processing procedures for this type of product.
Effective Estimates on Integral Quadratic Forms: Masser’s Conjecture, Generators of Orthogonal Groups, and Bounds in Reduction Theory

In this paper we prove a conjecture of David Masser on small height integral equivalence between integral quadratic forms. Using our resolution of Masser’s conjecture we show that integral orthogonal groups are generated by small elements which is essentially an effective version of Siegel’s theorem on the finite generation of these groups. We also obtain new estimates on reduction theory and representation theory of integral quadratic forms. Our line of attack is to make and exploit the connections between certain problems about quadratic forms and group actions, whence we may study the problem in the well-developed theory of homogeneous dynamics, arithmetic groups, and the spectral theory of automorphic forms.
Pathophysiology of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. The most common site of CaP metastasis is the bone with skeletal metastases identified in virtually all patients dying from CaP. Skeletal metastasis in CaP patients results in bone pain, impaired mobility, pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, and symptomatic hypercalcemia. The mechanisms through which CaP metastasizes to and interacts with bone are not well-defined. There are both osteolytic and osteoblastic components of CaP metastasis. A variety of factors including receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) have been implicated in the osteolytic activity of CaP. In terms of osteoblastic metastasis, many proteins including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Wnts, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been implicated as CaP-produced osteoblastic factors. Once in the bone microenvironment, the CaP cells interact with the bone resulting in an overall balance that shifts the CaP from an osteolytic to an osteoblastic activity. Understanding the mechanisms through which CaP metastasizes and interacts with bone will hopefully lead to therapies for CaP bone metastasis.
New polymers for polymer magnetic devices

New polymer (organic) materials have been fabricated in which there is sufficient electronic exchange as well as stability, both thermally and chemically, at room temperature and above. This paper gives an overview of the synthesis of promising new complex polymer building blocks that can yield ferro-, ferri-, and super-paramagnetic materials for magnetic devices. The use of these methods to produce ferri-, para-, and super-paramagnetic materials allows form factor, low-temperature processing, and device variations that facilitate their use in a wide variety of applications. New materials from the saccharide, urethane, silicone, and epoxide classes of materials are explained. Some devices made from these materials are discussed and demonstrated
Cancer and Physical Activity

Physical inactivity is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, which is highly prevalent in cancer patients and survivors. Physical inactivity contributes to a lower functional capacity and impaired quality of life. There are many barriers to physical activity in cancer survivors. A decrease in cardiopulmonary reserve and exercise tolerance as consequences of chemotherapy is common in cancer patients. Chemotherapy not only impairs cardiac and lung function, but also has systemic effects on hematological, autonomic, metabolic, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems, which adversely affect functional capacity. Low cardiopulmonary reserve is associated with adverse cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, and has a significant impact on quality of life. In cancer patients, evaluation of exercise capacity is feasible, well tolerated, and safe, but is not routine in clinical care. Exercise training is a potential intervention to improve functional capacity and quality of life in cancer patients.
Structured Abstract: All Online Complaints Are Not Created Equal, Corporate Social Media Pages as Customer Service Channels

Online complaint sharing has grown increasingly popular in recent years, and researchers have chosen to frame such complaints within the negative word-of-mouth domain instead of the customer service domain. The reason for this is quite logical, when considering the type of the Internet sites that researchers examine, such as online review sites, anti-brand sites, or blogs (e.g., Gregoire et al. 2010; Hennig-Thurau et al. 2004; Ward and Ostrom 2006). These types of sites are non-firm-managed online environments (i.e., neutral third-party sites), which foster consumer-to-consumer communication. Reasons why consumers complain on such sites include warning other consumers, altruism, venting negative feelings, or seeking revenge against a firm by sharing negative experiences with others (Gregoire et al. 2009; Hennig-Thurau et al. 2004; Sparks and Browning 2010), which are appropriate to classify as word-of-mouth activities.
Serpentine Ultralong Path with Extended Routing (SUPER) High Resolution Traveling Wave Ion Mobility-MS using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations

Ion mobility (IM) separations have a broad range of analytical applications, but insufficient resolution often limits their utility. Here, we report on ion mobility separations in a structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER) traveling wave (TW) ion mobility (IM) module in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). Ions were confined in the SLIM by rf fields in conjunction with a DC guard bias, enabling essentially lossless TW transmission over greatly extended paths. The extended routing utilized multiple passes (e.g., ∼1094 m over 81 passes through the 13.5 m serpentine path) and was facilitated by the introduction of a lossless ion switch that allowed ions to be directed to either the MS detector or for another pass through the serpentine separation region, allowing theoretically unlimited IM path lengths. The multipass SUPER IM-MS provided resolution approximately proportional to the square root of the number of passes (or total path length). ...
Impact of Extreme Spring Temperature and Summer Precipitation Events on Flowering Phenology in a Three-Year Study of the Shores of Lake Issaqueena, South Carolina

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effects of extreme weather events on flowering around Lake Issaqueena (SC, USA) using plant-flowering data collected with Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled cameras on a monthly basis in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Six species were identified that flowered before and after a late spring test date (30 April) in at least one study year. Sign tests of the consistency of positive or negative differences in the percentages of test species flowering before the late spring test date between years indicated that these test species shifted towards earlier flowering in 2012 (extreme high monthly temperature), but that the consistency of these shifts was only significant when comparing 2012 to 2013. Nine species were identified that flowered before and after a late summer test date (31 August) in at least one study year. Sign tests of the consistency of positive or negative differences in the percentages of test species flowering before the late summer test date between ye...
Motherhood and Child Care

Although the women’s movement could not produce the symbolic equal rights amendment, it did produce the beginnings of needed social change for women. The effects of this social change are evident today in evolving professional and family roles of men and women. For many women, perhaps the greatest change concerns the conception of motherhood. Motherhood is now discussed in the context of child care, that is, shared childrearing between the family and child-care providers. In fact, the psychological study of mothering has always focused almost exclusively on the effects of various childrearing strategies on the developing abilities of children (Gerson, Alpert, & Richardson, 1984).
Simultaneous strain and temperature measurement using a single fiber Bragg grating embedded in a composite laminate

This paper presents a fiber Bragg gating (FBG) sensor that can be surface mounted for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements. By embedding a conventional FBG sensor in a composite laminate, local birefringence is introduced, which causes the bandwidth of the FBG spectrum to vary with strain as well as temperature. As such, temperature and strain can be simultaneously determined from two FBG spectral parameters, i.e. the spectral bandwidth and the Bragg wavelength. Techniques for improving the spectrum of the FBG-composite sensor and for inversely determining the strain and temperature from the measured FBG spectral parameters are discussed. Thermal–mechanical testing of the FBG-composite sensor was carried out to validate the sensor performance. The measurement errors, within one standard deviation, for the strain and temperature measurements were found to be ±62 μe and ±1.94 °C, respectively.
Executive budget analysts and legislative budget analysts: state budgetary gatekeepers

Many studies of the budgetary process focus on the national government while ignoring the state budgetary process and state budgetary actors. Executive budget analysts and legislative budget analysts are important gatekeepers in the budgetary process. These actors were surveyed to ascertain what influences their decisions and to determine what responsibilities are included in their job duties. The results show that many similarities exist between executive budget analysts and legislative budget analysts. Legislative budget analysts are more involved in the budgetary process than many believe. Consequently, they play important “gatekeeping” roles in the budgetary process.
Which advanced mathematics courses influence ACT score? A state level analysis of the Iowa class of 2012

This study explores the relationship between specific advanced mathematics courses and college readiness (as determined by ACT score). The ACT organization has found a consistent relationship between taking a minimum core number of mathematics courses and higher ACT scores (mathematics and composite) (ACT, Inc., 2012c). However, the extent to which individual advanced mathematics courses increase ACT scores when prior achievement is controlled is unknown. The relationship between trigonometry, pre-calculus, calculus, advanced placement (AP) calculus, and AP statistics, and ACT composite and mathematics scores are examined using a general linear model. The sample for the study included members of the Iowa high school graduating class of 2012 who took the ACT at any point during high school. All advanced mathematics courses included in the analysis (trigonometry, precalculus, calculus, AP calculus, and AP statistics) had a positive relationship with ACT mathematics score. AP calculus had the largest impact of all advanced mathematics courses on both ACT mathematics and composite scores, with enrollment in the course associated with an average increase of 1.6568 points in ACT mathematics score and an average increase of 1.1821 points in ACT composite score. The relationship between enrollment in advanced mathematics courses and ACT scores was influenced by race/ethnicity for algebra II, calculus, and AP calculus and by gender for algebra II and calculus. In addition, female students saw less of an increase in ACT mathematics score when taking algebra II than males and less of an increase in ACT mathematics and composite scores when taking algebra II and calculus than male
The effects of lateral line ablation and regeneration in schooling giant danios.

Fish use multiple sensory systems, including vision and their lateral line system, to maintain position and speed within a school. Although previous studies have shown that ablating the lateral line alters schooling behavior, no one has examined how the behavior recovers as the sensory system regenerates. We studied how schooling behavior changes in giant danios Devario aequipinnatus when their lateral line system is chemically ablated and after the sensory hair cells regenerate. We found that fish could school normally immediately after chemical ablation, but that they had trouble schooling one to two weeks after the chemical treatment, when the hair cells had fully regenerated. We filmed groups of giant danios with two high-speed cameras and reconstructed the 3D positions of each fish within a group. One fish in the school was treated with gentamycin to ablate all hair cells. Both types of neuromasts, canal and superficial, were completely ablated after treatment but fully regenerated after one week. We quantified the structure of the school using nearest neighbor distance, bearing, elevation, and the cross-correlation of velocity between each pair of fish. Treated fish maintained a normal position within the school immediately after the lateral line ablation, but could not school normally one or two weeks after treatment, even though the neuromasts had fully regenerated. By four to eight weeks post-treatment, the treated fish could again school normally. These results demonstrate that the behavioral recovery after lateral line ablation is a longer process than the regeneration of the hair cells themselves.
Mean Lives, Mean Laws: Oklahoma’s Women Prisoners

The effects of mass incarceration on offenders, families, and communities have emerged as an important topic of inquiry in criminology. As the rate of incarceration increases in the United States t...
Die Reichweite der Psychoanalyse geht über die retrospektive Ermittlung von Ätiologien hinaus

Im Hinblick auf die Psychoanalyse vertritt Grunbaum im wesentlichen die Position, das Freud methodologisch weitaus raffinierter war, als ihm zugestanden wurde; das er fur die Psychoanalyse einen naturwissenschaftlichen Status beanspruchte — und zwar nicht aufgrund einer Verwechslung; das er sich sehr genau der Tatsache bewust war, das die klinischen „Daten“, von denen die „Wissenschaft“untermauert ist, durch die therapeutische Suggestion kontaminiert, sogar erzeugt werden, und das dies ein methodologisches Problem darstellt; das Freud tatsachlich eine brilliante, bis dahin unentdeckte Rechtfertigung fur seine klinischen Daten vorgeschlagen hatte, die Grunbaum das „Ubereinstimmungsargument“nennt; das aber die Rechtfertigung aus verschiedenen Grunden nicht haltbar ist; und das deswegen die Beweiskraft von klinischen Daten letztlich fruchtlos ist.
Solving the Misesian migration conundrum

This paper reviews Ludwig Von Mises’ concerns surrounding unrestricted immigration and relates them to the current debate surrounding immigrants’ impact on destination countries’ institutions. It then outlines a policy of generally unrestricted immigration with selective restrictions that addresses Mises’ concerns and concerns about destination country institutions, while still achieving the majority of the economic gains that unrestricted immigration is forecast to achieve.
Abstract TP274: Comparison of Human and Machine Learning Based Facial Weakness Detection

Background: Prehospital stroke screening tools are essential to rapid diagnosis and treatment, but variable recognition of common stroke deficits by EMS providers limits the accuracy and reliabilit...
Characterizing surrogates to develop an additive manufacturing process for U3Si2 nuclear fuel

Abstract U3Si2 is considered as an accident-tolerant nuclear fuel candidate due to its promising high uranium density along with its improved thermal properties. The current U3Si2 powder metallurgical fabrication process encompasses numerous process steps with extensive fabrication times. Thus, an additive manufacturing process to fabricate U3Si2 is currently under development to ultimately produce U3Si2 fuel at a lower cost, in a timely and commercially-reliable manner. The current research work seeks to characterize U3Si2 surrogate materials fabricated by a laser synthesis. The characterization results provided novel microstructural data that aided in the early development stages of an additive manufacturing process. For this study, cerium, zirconium, and hafnium, were selected as surrogates based on their thermodynamic properties and crystal structure. The laser-synthesized samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) along with X-ray diffraction (XRD), where the different phases of formation, morphology, and microstructural features have been analyzed. Laser synthesis showed suitability for alloying Zr-Si and Hf-Si to ultimately form silicide compounds (Zr3Si2 and Hf3Si2).
Robust velocity dispersion and binary population modelling of the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II

We apply a Bayesian method to model multi-epoch radial velocity measurements in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II, fully accounting for the effects of binary orbital motion and systematic offsets between different spectroscopic datasets. We find that the binary fraction of Ret II is higher than 0.5 at the 90% confidence level, if the mean orbital period is assumed to be 30 years or longer. Despite this high binary fraction, we infer a best-fit intrinsic dispersion of 2.8$_{-1.2}^{+0.7}$ km/s, which is smaller than previous estimates, but still indicates Ret II is a dark-matter dominated galaxy. We likewise infer a $\lesssim$ 1% probability that Ret II's dispersion is due to binaries rather than dark matter, corresponding to the regime $M_{\odot}/L_{\odot} \lesssim$ 2. Our inference of a high close binary fraction in Ret II echoes previous results for the Segue 1 ultra-faint dwarf and is consistent with studies of Milky Way halo stars that indicate a high close binary fraction tends to exist in metal-poor environments.
P046 Evaluating the safety of dose banding premedication (atropine, suxamethonium and fentanyl) for neonatal intubation (project NIK)

Background The process of prescribing and preparing premedication for intubation needs to be completed carefully to ensure the correct dose is prescribed and administered. Doses of atropine, suxamethonium and fentanyl were banded according to weight. The dose banding was implemented alongside pharmacy prepared neonatal intubation drug kits and a prescribing bundle on the neonatal electronic prescribing system, which automatically populates the doses according to the patient’s weight. Aim To evaluate the safety of dose banding neonatal premedication for intubation. Methods A tool was developed to collect data including the patient’s weight, gestation, if dose banding had been used and whether any adverse effects were experienced with emphasis on hypotension, bradycardia, chest wall rigidity and prolonged paralysis. Data was collected from January 2018 to July 2018. Results Outcomes from 89 intubations using dose banding were reviewed. The corrected gestation of patients (n = 63) were 24+3 to 42+1 and the weight from 500 g to 4 kg. In 97.75% all three pre-medication drugs were given, the 2 cases that did not were due to rapid desaturations and the decision was made to intubate before all the medicines had been administered. All cases used the correct dose-banding for the medication. In all cases the fentanyl was administered over at least 1 minute with 7.87% receiving the fentanyl over more than 2 minutes. 95.5% of patients were normotensive within 30 minutes of intubation. Hypotension was observed in 2 cases >90 minutes post intubation. In two patients, a low mean blood pressure (BP) was observed prior to the decision to intubate and the premedication did not cause a further decrease in BP. No patients experienced bradycardia, chest wall rigidity or prolonged paralysis. Conclusion This work has illustrated that dose-banding of intubation premedication is safe in this cohort of neonates and allows for successful intubation, whether the patient is 24 weeks or 42 weeks corrected gestational age. Chest wall rigidity may occur if fentanyl is administered too quickly. All patients received fentanyl over at least 1 minute, with the majority receiving over 1–2 minutes. The fentanyl dose is a very small volume, to ensure the dose was administered slowly, a flush was used to ensure that any remaining in the cannula was not bolused to the patient. Hypotension was seen in 2 patients >90 minutes after intubation which is unlikely to have been related to the use of neonatal intubation drugs. However this highlighted that not all patients are having BP monitoring 30 minutes post-intubation. An outcome has been to emphasise the need for this monitoring. Bradycardia and prolonged paralysis, two potentially prominent adverse effects, were not seen indicating that the atropine and suxamethonium doses were appropriate. A limitation of this study was that patients concurrent medication was not recorded. Data will continue to be collected to assess safety as this data set did not include babies in the
Smoking-Cessation Interventions in Appalachia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context Appalachia, a socioeconomically disadvantaged rural region in the eastern U.S., has one of the nation's highest prevalence rates of smoking and some of the poorest health outcomes. Effective interventions that lower smoking rates in Appalachia have great potential to reduce health disparities and preventable illness; however, a better understanding of effective interventions is needed. Evidence acquisition This review included trials that evaluated the impact of smoking-cessation programs among populations living in Appalachia. The search was carried out on October 9, 2018 and comprised the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, and Scopus for academic journal articles published in English, with no date restrictions. After preliminary screening, potentially relevant full-text articles were independently reviewed by the authors with a Cohen's κ of 0.72, leading to the final inclusion of 9 articles. Evidence synthesis Eligible studies were assessed qualitatively for heterogeneity and risk of bias. Six of the 9 included studies had extractable data related to dichotomous smoking status and reported a measure of association suitable for inclusion in a meta-analysis. For those 6 studies, the pooled RR and pooled OR were estimated using random effects models, with an I2 index demonstrating substantial heterogeneity. A funnel plot of the 6 trials appeared relatively symmetric. Conclusions Participation in smoking-cessation interventions increased the probability of smoking abstinence among Appalachian smokers by an estimated 2.33 times (pooled RR=2.33, 95% CI=1.03, 5.25, p=0.04). Given the low number of studies, their substantial heterogeneity, and high risk of bias, the evidence of the effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions in Appalachia must be interpreted with caution.
Volume effects in the TCP for hypoxic and oxygenated tumors.

PURPOSE Clinical studies in radiation therapy with conventional fractionation show a reduction in the tumor control probability (TCP) with an increase in the total and hypoxic tumor volumes. The main objective of this article is to derive an analytical relationship between the TCP and the hypoxic and total tumor volumes. This relationship is applied to clinical data on the TCP reduction with increasing total tumor volume and, also, dose escalation to target tumor hypoxia. METHODS The TCP equation derived from the Poisson probability distribution predicts that both (a) an increase in the number of tumor clonogens and (b) an increase in the average cell surviving fraction are the factors contributing to the loss of local control. Using asymptotic mathematical properties of the TCP formula and the linear quadratic (LQ) cell survival model with two levels of hypoxic and oxygenated cells, we separated the TCP dependence on the total and hypoxic tumor volumes. The predicted trends in the local control as a function of total and hypoxic tumor volumes were evaluated in radiotherapy model problems with conventional dose fractionation for head and neck and non-small cell lung cancers. Tumor-specific parameters in the LQ model and the density of clonogens in the TCP model were taken from published data on predictive assays and the plating efficiency measurements, respectively. RESULTS Our simulations show that, at the dose levels used in conventional radiation therapy for head and neck and non-small cell lung cancers, the TCP dependence on the total tumor volume is negligible for completely oxygenated tumors. However, the presented results demonstrate that tumor hypoxia introduces a significant volume effect into estimates of the TCP. The extent of tumor hypoxia is a plausible mechanism to explain the TCP reduction with increasing total tumor volume observed in clinical studies. To achieve the same level of tumor control in a hypoxic tumor region relative to well oxygenated tumor regions, the delivered dose should, in principle, be escalated by a factor equal to the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER). The theoretically required hypoxia-targeted dose escalation could be as large as 100% because it has been estimated that hypoxic tumor regions may have an OER = 2 for conventional fractionation. However, our results indicate that clinically acceptable values of the TCP would require much lower hypoxia-targeted dose escalation (<50%) when the effects of total and hypoxic tumor volumes are taken into account. CONCLUSIONS The reported studies and models suggest that the effect of total tumor volume on the TCP is negligible for oxygenated head and neck and non-small cell lung tumors treated with conventional fractionation. According to our simulations, the volume effects in the TCP observed in clinical studies are defined primarily by the hypoxic volume. This information can be useful for the analysis of treatment outcomes and the dose escalation to target tumor hypoxia.
You’re Not A Teetotaler, are You? A Framework of Nonalcoholic Wine Consumption Motives and Outcomes

There is increasing academic and public interest in the rise of nonalcoholic (NA) beverage options. As a whole, the nascent stream of research on NA consumption has generated some important insight...
Enhancing Prehospital Outcomes for Cardiac Arrest (EPOC) study: sequential mixed-methods study protocol in Michigan, USA.

Introduction Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a common, life-threatening event encountered routinely by first responders, including police, fire and emergency medical services (EMS). Current literature suggests that there is significant regional variation in outcomes, some of which may be related to modifiable factors. Yet, there is a persistent knowledge gap regarding strategies to guide quality improvement efforts in OHCA care and, by extension, survival. The Enhancing Prehospital Outcomes for Cardiac Arrest (EPOC) study aims to fill these gaps and to improve outcomes. Methods and analysis This mixed-methods study includes three aims. In aim I, we will define variation in OHCA survival to the emergency department (ED) among EMS agencies that participate in the Michigan Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) in order to sample EMS agencies with high-survival and low-survival outcomes. In aim II, we will conduct site visits to emergency medical systems—including 911/dispatch, police, non-transport fire, and EMS agencies—in approximately eight high-survival and low-survival communities identified in aim I. At each site, key informant interviews and a multidisciplinary focus group will identify themes associated with high OHCA survival. Transcripts will be coded using a structured codebook and analysed through thematic analysis. Results from aims I and II will inform the development of a survey instrument in aim III that will be administered to all EMS agencies in Michigan. This survey will test the generalisability of factors associated with increased OHCA survival in the qualitative work to ultimately build an EPOC Toolkit which will be distributed to a broad range of stakeholders as a practical ‘how-to’ guide to improve outcomes. Ethics and dissemination The EPOC study was deemed exempt by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board. Findings will be compiled in an ‘EPOC Toolkit’ and disseminated in the USA through partnerships including, but not limited to, policymakers, EMS leadership and health departments.
Anomalous Absorption in Random Small Particle Composites

The far-infrared absorption of composite systems consisting of small metal particles with radii in the 100A - 1μm range in an insulating host has been measured over 4-200 cm−1. The magnitude of the absorption was substantially larger than predicted by simple electromagnetic theory. An intriguing result found in previous investigations1,2,3 of the far infrared absorption in small-particle composite systems is that the magnitude of the absorption is considerably larger than what is predicted by classical electromagnetic theory.4,5,6 Explanations which have been proposed for this effect include absorption in dielectric coatings on the particles,7 absorption within clusters of particles,8 and changes in the properties of the metal particles arising from size quantization of the electronic energy levels.1,9 In this paper we present the results of an experimental study of far infrared absorption in small particle composite systems.
Algebraic Quantitative Semantics for Efficient Online Temporal Monitoring

We investigate efficient algorithms for the online monitoring of properties written in metric temporal logic (MTL). We employ an abstract algebraic semantics based on semirings. It encompasses the Boolean semantics and a quantitative semantics capturing the robustness of satisfaction, which is based on the max-min semiring over the extended real numbers. We provide a precise equational characterization of the class of semirings for which our semantics can be viewed as an approximation to an alternative semantics that quantifies the distance of a system trace from the set of all traces that satisfy the desired property.