cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laboratory evaluation of alum, ferric and ferrous-water treatment residuals for removing phosphorous from surface water.

Abstract Numerous drinking water plants and agricultural wastewaters generate water treatment residuals (WTR) during coagulation processes. These WTRs may be effective at reducing nutrients entering waterways, thereby decreasing the potential formation of algal blooms. Of the WTRs used in this study, Al-based WTR (Al-WTR) was the most effective achieving a 20 °C cumulative adsorbed concentrations (qe) after 28 days of desorption of 63–76 mg PO4/kg Al-WTR depending on the initial spiked concentration. When the isotherm temperature was 5 °C, Al-WTR effectiveness decreased. Ferric chloride WTR (Fe-WTR) was only effective when 0.6 mg/L of PO4 was spiked to surface water with 0.01 mg/PO4 stored at 20 °C yielding a 28 day cumulative qe 5.67 mg PO4/kg Fe-WTR. At 5 °C, the cumulative qe after extended desorption was 1–4.63 mg/kg Fe-WTR. Ferrous sulfate based WTR (Fe2-WTR) was not capable of adsorbing any additional PO4 regardless of the spiked concentration or temperature.
Clinical decision making in undergraduate nursing students: A mixed methods multisite study.

Abstract Background Clinical decision making is an integral part of what nurses do, yet little is known about how students learn how to make clinical decisions or about the nature of the clinical decisions they make-whether intuitive or analytical. This multischool, multistate embedded mixed methods study was conducted to better understand these phenomena within the context of Hammond's Cognitive Continuum Theory. The content for this manuscript was taken from the primary author's dissertation. Methods Students (N = 168) completed the NDMI-Revised 2014; followed by focus groups. Results Three quarters of the participants (n = 127) scored in the quasi-rational range of clinical decision making indicating they are flexible making decisions dependent on the situation. Six themes described how students made clinical decisions. Conclusions Participants were flexible decision makers who used the help of others, lessons learned, the wisdom of nurses, experience, the situation at hand, and systematic cognitive processing to make clinical decisions.
Havana no repertório nueva trova de Gerardo Alfonso

A identidade de cidades, como Havana, estao ligadas a processos historicos, incorporadas em narrativas de pessoas e recriadas atraves das praticas cotidianas da vida cultural. A musica pode ser usada por interpretes para reinventar seus arredores, colocando em circulacao novas projecoes da experiencia. Os lugares construidos atraves da musica podem ser influenciados por estilos musicais do exterior; frequentemente eles criam ou reforcam fronteiras sociais de varios tipos e enfatizam maneiras alternativas de conceber si mesmo e o outro. Muitas destas tendencias sao evidentes na obra do trovador cubano Gerardo Alfonso. Um artista afro-cubano, Alfonso usa musica como meio de comentar sobre a vida em Havana, apresentando constantemente referencias musicais e textuais exclusivas para esse local. Liricamente, as cancoes de Afonso lidam com temas tais como vadiagem e turismo. Musicalmente, a sua reelaboracao inteligente de generos tradicionais cria tensoes entre concepcoes de localismo e globalismo, modernismo e tradicao.
Integrating art museum visits into the radiology curriculum: A program to encourage engagement, observation and analytic skills among millennial learners.

Abstract Millennial learners have unique educational preferences and expectations, many of which vary significantly from those of their predecessors. To aid in the preparation and training of the next generation of radiologists, we have been exploring a teaching technique using an art observation training workshop to foster engagement of millennial radiology residents to pay closer attention to image detail, clearly state the observations and synthesize the “story” of the patient's condition. Fine tuning these visual skills is crucial as research shows that over 70% of errors in interpreting diagnostic imaging studies are related to visual perception errors.
Growth, infection and aggressiveness of Phytophthora pathogens on Rhododendron leaves

Phytophthora species are well known as important or emerging pathogens. The genus Rhododendron is of considerable importance to plant regulatory agencies because it is host to many Phytophthora species, most notably, P. ramorum and P. kernoviae. Few studies have directly contrasted the epidemiology of different Phytophthora spp. on a given host. We investigated aspects of the foliar epidemiology (lesion size, sporulation and temperature responses) of P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. foliorum, P. kernoviae, P. lateralis, P. nemorosa, P. nicotianae, P. plurivora, P. ramorum and P. syringae on Rhododendron in detached leaf, whole plant chamber, and field studies. P. syringae stood out as it appeared to be a relatively weak pathogen, showing no sporulation and low levels of disease severity, except at low temperatures. P. nicotianae was consistently able to grow at higher temperatures than any of the other Phytophthora spp. and showed higher aggressiveness than any of the other species at high temperatures. P. cinnamomi and P. cactorum, typically thought of as root-infecting species, were able to cause as much foliar disease as P. syringae, a foliar pathogen. P. kernoviae was consistently among the most aggressive species with the highest sporulation. These results provide novel insights into the comparative epidemiology of these important established and emerging Phytophthora species.
“We Exist”: Gender and Education

This chapter considers how to discuss gender and acknowledge the differences in gender identities and experiences meaningfully across age ranges. Focus groups and observations conducted at both the middle and high school levels shed light on how young people think about gender, identity, and belonging. After examining the different experiences that binary boys and girls face in school, this chapter gives space to the words, feelings, and experiences of students who are nonbinary, transgender, and gender fluid. Ultimately, this work exposes the differences in how young people experience school.
Geochemical impacts of leaking CO2 from subsurface storage reservoirs to an unconfined oxidizing carbonate aquifer

Abstract A series of batch and column experiments combined with solid phase characterization studies was conducted to evaluate the impacts of the potential leakage of carbon dioxide (CO2) from deep subsurface storage reservoirs to overlying potable carbonate aquifers. The main objective was to gain an understanding on CO2 gas-induced changes in aquifer pH and mobilization of major, minor, and trace elements from dissolving minerals in rocks representative of an unconfined, oxidizing carbonate aquifer within the continental US. Samples from the unconfined portion of the Edwards limestone aquifer in Texas were exposed to a CO2 gas stream or were leached with a CO2-saturated influent solution simulating different leaking scenarios [i.e., sudden, fast, and short-lived release of CO2 (batch experiments) and gradual release (column experiments)]. The results from the batch and column experiments confirmed that exposure to excess CO2 gas caused significant decrease in pH (about two pH units); the release of major chemical elements into the contacting aqueous phase (such as Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Si, Na, and K); the mobilization and possible rapid immobilization of minor elements (such as Al and Mn), which are able to form highly reactive secondary phases; and sustained but low-concentration releases of some trace elements (such as Mo, Cs, Sn) in some samples. Spikes of low concentrations of other trace elements (such as As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Se, etc.), were observed sporadically during these experiments. The results help in developing a systematic understanding of how CO2 leakage is likely to influence pertinent geochemical processes (such as dissolution/precipitation and sorption/desorption) in the aquifer sediments and will support site selection, risk assessment, policy-making, and public education efforts associated with geologic CO2 sequestration.
From the Corn Belt to the Gulf: societal and environmental implications of alternative agricultural futures.

Preface: Corn Belt Agricultural Landscape Values: Learning in the Field Introduction 1. Policy insights from alternative futures and integrated assessments Section 1: Environmental and societal drivers of agricultural landscape futures 2. Corn Belt Landscapes and Hypoxia of the Gulf of Mexico 3. Changing Societal Expectations for Environmental Benefits from Agricultural Policy Section 2: Assessing the Effects of Alternative Corn Belt Landscape Futures in Iowa 4. Alternative Scenarios for Future Iowa Agricultural Landscapes 5. Economic Implications 6. Farmers Perceptions 7. Water Quality 8. Plant Diversity 9. Pollinator Responses 10. Amphibian Population Dynamics 11. Impacts on Mammal Communities: A Spatially Explicit Model 12. Impacts on Mammal Communities: Landscape Indices 13. Wildlife Habitat Section 3: Policy Implications across Scales: From Iowa Watersheds to the Mississippi River Basin 14. An Integrated Assessment of Alternative Futures for Iowa Watersheds 15. Improving Water Quality from the Corn Belt to the Gulf 16. Agricultural Policy Choices
Is the Law Hopeful

This essay asks what legal studies can contribute to the now vigorous debates in economics, sociology, psychology, philosophy, literary studies and anthropology about the nature and sources of hope in personal and social life. What does the law contribute to hope? Is there anything hopeful about law? Rather than focus on the ends of law (social justice, economic efficiency, etc.) this essay focuses instead on the means (or techniques of the law). Through a critical engagement with the work of Hans Vaihinger, Morris Cohen and Pierre Schlag on legal fictions and legal technicalities, the essay argues that what is “hopeful” about law is its “As If” quality.
RADIO OCCULTATION EXPLORATION OF MARS

The radio occultation technique, consisting of the observation of changes in he phase, frequency, and amplitude of a radio signal from a spacecraft as it passes through the atmosphere of a planet before and after occultation, was first applied to measure the atmosphere of Mars with the Mariner IV spacecraft in 1965. The interpretation of these changes in terms of refraction of the radio beam by the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere of the planet provided the first direct and quantitative measurement of its vertical structure and established the surface atmospheric pressure of Mars as lying between 5 and 9 mb. The presence of a daytime ionosphere with a peak electron density of about 105 el cm−3 was also measured. The Mariner VI and VII spacecraft flew by Mars in 1969 and provided an additional four measurements of the atmosphere and surface radius of the planet. They confirmed the surface pressure values measured by Mariner IV and provided data for a crude estimate of the shape of the planet.
Solvent-dependent Changes in Proteoglycan Subunit Conformation in Aqueous Guanidine Hydrochloride Solutions

Abstract Prior studies of the viscosity of the subunit proteoglycan obtained by dissociative extraction of bovine nasal septum cartilage suggested that the proteoglycan subunit molecule behaves as a rigid rod in aqueous solution over the range of 0.5 to 4.0 m guanidine hydrochloride. A more direct view of dimension and shape can be obtained from light-scattering and viscosity of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan subunit over the range from 0.05 to 4.0 m guanidine hydrochloride. The molecular weight, radius of gyration, second virial coefficient, and intrinsic viscosity were determined. The weight average molecular weight of the proteoglycan subunit was constant (2.3 x 105) at all guanidine hydrochloride concentrations. The radius of gyration decreased from a value of 1590 A in 0.05 m guanidine hydrochloride to 570 A in 4.0 m guanidine hydrochloride, and there were changes in the second virial coefficient indicating a major change in solvent-proteoglycan subunit interaction in the 0.15 to 4.0 m guanidine hydrochloride range. The second virial coefficient goes from a minimum value of -7.0 x 10-5 ml g-2 mole in 0.15 m guanidine hydrochloride to a value of 5.7 x 10-5 ml g-2 mole in 4.0 m guanidine hydrochloride. At concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride greater than 0.5 m, the viscosity was nearly constant. These data suggest that at low ionic strength in guanidine hydrochloride, the proteoglycan subunit is a rather rigid structure, but at approximately 0.3 m guanidine hydrochloride, a conformational change occurs, providing a more flexible structure which persists up to concentrations as high as 4.0 m guanidine hydrochloride. Over the same range, the separate chondroitin 4-sulfate chains show typical polyelectrolyte effects and a positive second virial coefficient ranging from +4.8 x 10-3 in 0.1 m guanidine hydrochloride to 0.6 x 10-3 in 3.0 m guanidine hydrochloride. This comparison indicates that the behavior of the intact proteoglycan subunit cannot be understood in terms of the properties of the isolated chondroitin 4-sulfate chains. It is likely that both the protein core itself and the packing of the polysaccharide chains along the core are involved in this difference.
Abstract P4-14-04: United States breast cancer mortality trends in young women according to race

Purpose Studies have shown that there is a negative prognostic impact of young age at diagnosis on clinical outcome in women with breast cancer (BC). We sought to determine if there is a differential effect of race in this high-risk population of women and examined mortality trends according to race and diagnosis age. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program 1990-2009, women diagnosed with invasive BC under the age 50 were identified. Clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival, and BC specific survival rates were compared between racial groups. After adjustments for stage, ER, PR, histology, age, diagnosis year, tumor size, nodal status, and grade, multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the risk-adjusted likelihood of survival for whites and blacks. Annual hazard rates (HR) of BC deaths after diagnosis according to race and calendar period, and adjusted relative hazards of death for white and black women stratified by age at diagnosis were computed. Results Overall, 162,976 women were identified, including 126,573 whites (77.7%), 20,405 blacks (12.5%), and 15,998 of other races (9.8%). At a median follow-up of 85 months, five year disease specific survival rates were 90.1% for whites, and 79.3% for blacks. During the study period, the annual HR for death in whites decreased by 26% at 5 years after diagnosis, in contrast to the rates in blacks women decreasing by only 19%. With 1990 as referent, adjusted relative hazards for death in 2005 for white and black women Conclusion Among young women diagnosed with BC, blacks have a worse outcome than whites. Mortality declines in both racial groups have been observed over time, although more rapid gains have occurred in whites. Emphasis should be placed on improving outcomes for young BC patients. Citation Format: Foluso O Ademuyiwa, Feng Gao, Lin Hao, Daniel Morgensztern, Rebecca L Aft, Cynthia X Ma. United States breast cancer mortality trends in young women according to race [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-04.
Neurochemical afferents controlling the activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus: microiontophoretic studies in the awake cat

Serotonergic (5-HT) neurons of the brainstem dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) have been implicated in a diversity of physiological and behavioral processes in vertebrates. However, despite extensive information about the intrinsic properties and the efferent projections of this neurochemical system, little information is available regarding the afferents that control its activity. This study investigated the neurotransmitters that regulate the activity of DRN-5-HT neurons under physiologically relevant conditions, by utilizing microiontophoresis in combination with single-unit recordings in the awake, head-restrained cat. This made it possible to examine the direct effects of neurotransmitters on DRN-5-HT neuronal activity, and, through the use of specific antagonists, to study the roles of these neurotransmitter inputs during physiological conditions that influence DRN-5-HT neuronal activity. The results indicate that (1) iontophoretic application of the GABA antagonist bicuculline reversed the typical suppression of neuronal activity seen during slow wave sleep, but had no effect on maintained activity during wakefulness. The suppression of neuronal activity during REM sleep was generally unaffected by application of bicuculline. This suggests a role for a GABAergic input to DRN-5-HT neurons in controlling some aspects of their state-dependent activity. (2) Iontophoretic application of the excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonist kynurenic acid reduced the magnitude of the neuronal response evoked by phasic auditory stimuli, but had no effect on the spontaneous activity of these neurons, suggesting a role for an EAA input to the DRN in mediating the response to phasic sensory stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Plasmodial senescence in the acellular slime mold Didymium iridis.

Abstract The vegetative diploid plasmodium of the acellular slime mold Didymium iridis undergoes senescence when maintained by routine transfer to fresh medium. A number of isogenic plasmodia will have an average lifespan that is genome specific, yet expressed within the population in a stochastic manner. Multiple sublines derived from a single plasmodium age in a coordinate manner, especially if established during the latter part of the lifespan of the initial plasmodium, suggesting that there is an increasing commitment to senescence as a function of plasmodial age.
Silent reading: Insights from second-generation deaf readers

Abstract Previous studies indicate that hearing readers sometimes convert printed text into a phonological form during silent reading. The experiments reported here investigated whether second-generation congenitally deaf readers use any analogous recoding strategy. Fourteen congenitally and profoundly deaf adults who were native signers of American Sign Language (ASL) served as subjects. Fourteen hearing people of comparable reading levels were control subjects. These subjects participated in four experiments that tested for the possibilities of (a) recoding into articulation, (b) recoding into fingerspelling, (c) recoding into ASL, or (d) no recoding at all. The experiments employed paradigms analogous to those previously used to test for phonological recoding in hearing populations. Interviews with the deaf subjects provided supplementary information about their reading strategies. The results suggest that these deaf subjects as a group do not recode into articulation or fingerspelling, but do recode into sign.
Comparing the Experiences of Couples in First Marriages and Remarriages in Couple and Relationship Education

This study examines a diverse sample of married individuals (N = 1,542) in the context of couple and relationship education (CRE). Differences and similarities in participant well-being at baseline and overtime were examined among individuals in first marriages—with and without children from previous relationships—and various types of remarriages utilizing measures of individual, couple, and parental functioning. Additionally, we examined how the content of CRE classes influences change scores of stepfamily couples based on whether they received stepfamily-specific content or generalized CRE. Results indicate that individuals in first marriages and those in different types of remarriages appear to report similar levels of marital functioning initially and appear to benefit similarly from CRE classes. Stepfamily couples appear to benefit similarly from stepfamily-specific and generalized CRE classes, yet differences between the groups are considered in the interpretation of this finding.
Embedding Topical Elements of Parallel Programming, Computer Graphics, and Artificial Intelligence across the Undergraduate CS Required Courses

Traditionally, topics such as parallel computing, computer graphics, and artificial intelligence have been taught as stand-alone courses in the computing curriculum. Often these are elective courses, limiting the material to the subset of students choosing to take the course. Recently there has been movement to distribute topics across the curriculum in order to ensure that all graduates have been exposed to concepts such as parallel computing. Previous work described an attempt to systematically weave a tapestry of topics into the undergraduate computing curriculum. This paper reviews that work and expands it with representative examples of assignments, demonstrations, and results as well as describing how the tools and examples deployed for these classes have a residual effect on classes such as Comptuer Literacy.
Algorithms for point-wise state variable constraints in structural optimization

Abstract This paper presents algorithms to treat the point-wise state variable constraints in finite dimensional and distributed parameter structural optimization problems. The idea is to impose such constraints at all local maximum points, or over a small region around the maximum points. Therefore, methods for design sensitivity analysis to handle the constraints at some particular point for the distributed parameter problem are presented. The direct differentiation and adjoint variable methods are employed to derive the design sensitivity expressions. For the finite dimensional problem the new idea is easily carried out in optimization process. Simply supported and clamped beams are optimized using the new approach. These are modeled with nonuniform beam elements. Comparisons of finite dimensional and distributed parameter problems are also made.
Demonstration of a non-temperature-sensitive growth-restricting mutation in a ts mutant of influenza A virus: implications for live virus vaccine development.

Abstract Temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutants of influenza A virus have been developed for use in a live virus vaccine with the expectation that the ts lesions would determine the level of attenuation. Since chemical mutagenesis can also induce non- ts lesions which restrict growth, an effort was made to detect such non- ts lesions in three representative ts mutants of influenza A virus. ts + “revertants” isolated from ts viruses and ts + recombinant viruses produced by a mating of two complementing ts viruses were examined for their ability to replicate in the hamster lung. One virus, ts -304, which was partially restricted in replication in vitro at the permissive temperature, yielded ts + revertants and recombinants that were restricted in growth in the hamster lung. This indicated that ts -304 contained both a ts lesion and a non- ts lesion which restricted growth in the lung, but that the ts lesion exerted a greater suppressive effect. In constrast to ts viruses which manifest a greater degree of suppression of replication in lungs (37°) than in nasal turbinates (32–34°), recombinant or revertant viruses possessing only a non- ts lesion were equally restricted in replication in these two organs. A non- ts lesion was not found in the Hong Kong/68- ts 1[E] candidate vaccine virus. This virus was not restricted in growth in vitro at permissive temperatures and the two ts lesions present in this virus appeared to be the sole determinants of growth restriction in the hamster lung. An additional virus, the ts -2[C] virus, which also was not restricted in replication at permissive temperature, did not possess a growth-restricting lesion on its non- ts genes. Therefore the ts -2[C] virus is a useful probe to detect non- ts lesions in viruses suspected of having such a mutation.
The origin of bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics

What determines the timing of human actions? A big question, but the science of human dynamics is here to tackle it. And its predictions are of practical value: for example, when ISPs decide what bandwidth an institution needs, they use a model of the likely timing and activity level of the individuals. Current models assume that an individual has a well defined probability of engaging in a specific action at a given moment, but evidence that the timing of human actions does not follow this pattern (of Poisson statistics) is emerging. Instead the delay between two consecutive events is best described by a heavy-tailed (power law) distribution. Albert-Laszlo Barabasi proposes an explanation for the prevalence of this behaviour. The ‘bursty’ nature of human dynamics, he finds, is a fundamental consequence of decision making. The dynamics of many social, technological and economic phenomena are driven by individual human actions, turning the quantitative understanding of human behaviour into a central question of modern science. Current models of human dynamics, used from risk assessment to communications, assume that human actions are randomly distributed in time and thus well approximated by Poisson processes1,2,3. In contrast, there is increasing evidence that the timing of many human activities, ranging from communication to entertainment and work patterns, follow non-Poisson statistics, characterized by bursts of rapidly occurring events separated by long periods of inactivity4,5,6,7,8. Here I show that the bursty nature of human behaviour is a consequence of a decision-based queuing process9,10: when individuals execute tasks based on some perceived priority, the timing of the tasks will be heavy tailed, with most tasks being rapidly executed, whereas a few experience very long waiting times. In contrast, random or priority blind execution is well approximated by uniform inter-event statistics. These finding have important implications, ranging from resource management to service allocation, in both communications and retail.
BPRS symptom factors and sleep variables in schizophrenia

To examine the relationship of clinical symptoms to sleep architecture, polysomnography and clinical ratings were carried out in 20 male psychiatric in-patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia. Clinical symptoms were assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Four BPRS sub-factors, i.e., 'Thinking Disturbance', 'Withdrawal/Retardation', 'Hostility/Suspiciousness', and 'Anxiety/Depression' were correlated with five components of sleep architecture, namely, sleep onset latency, total sleep time, total slow wave sleep minutes (the summation of visually scored stages 3 and 4), total REM minutes, and REM latency. Partial correlations were computed to control for the effects of age. Of the 20 correlation coefficients computed, only one was statistically significant after Bonferroni correction, namely, sleep onset latency was positively correlated with the 'Thinking Disturbance' factor. This finding is consistent with studies showing that psychotic exacerbation is associated with reduced sleep efficiency. In contrast to this cross-sectional design, longitudinal studies are more likely to clarify the relationship of sleep architecture to changes in clinical state.
Glazing in fire-resistant wall assemblies

Abstract Increase in the use of glazing in buildings combined with building code requirements for fire-resistant wall assemblies has led to the development and full-scale testing of a system of fire-resistant glazing protected by automatic sprinklers. The test results and the system requirements, benefits and limitations are described.
Direct comparison of the family history method and the family study method using a large stuttering pedigree

Abstract The family history method (inquiry only) was directly compared to the gold standard of the family study method (family members interviewed directly) in a large pedigree segregating a stuttering phenotype. Fifty-three individuals from one branch of a large family were asked whether they had a family history of stuttering. Additional data were collected concerning the recognition of stuttering in family members based on proximity of affected family members, affection status of the informant, gender of the informant, and the number of stutterers in the immediate family. Sensitivity was reduced for both sexes and for affected and non-affected cohorts. Affected family members had consistently higher sensitivities than non-affected family members. Gender differences were also found. Non-affected individuals' recognition of their family history was influenced by the proximity of affected family members. When the question of family history was limited to first-degree relatives, specificity was found to be high, whereas sensitivity decreased. This study confirms previous findings that the sensitivity of the family history method is reduced compared to the gold standard of the family study (Andreason et al., 1986; Thompson et al., 1982; Mendlewicz et al., 1975; Orvaschel et al., 1982). This study also replicates recent findings that affected family members are more accurate informants than non-affected family members (Kendler et al., 1991). In addition, when informants are asked to focus on first-degree relatives only (vs. the family as a whole) the sensitivity actually decreases, suggesting that familiarity may play some role in the informants failure to identify affected family members.
Petrochemistry and origin of the Killingworth dome rocks, Bronson Hill anticlinorium, south-central Connecticut

Major- and selected trace-element analyses of 123 samples of plagioclase gneisses of the Killingworth dome, south-central Connecticut, show it to be more complicated than previous field work and mapping has indicated. Chemical and areal trends define distinct types of gneiss; four are of trondhjemitic to tonalitic composition (referred to as the “central, southern, eastern, and western plagioclase gneisses”), and a fifth is granitic gneiss. The smooth variation in concentrations of all elements with respect to silica in each gneiss easily is interpreted as igneous in origin and also indicates that metamorphism was isochemical for the most part. The pluton that is represented by the central tonalitic gneiss (65%–74% SiO 2 ) is characterized by unusually high Sr (350–670 ppm) and Ba (400–1,500 ppm), high Al 2 O 3 (14.5%–17.5%), and low Fe 2 O 3 (total) (2.1%–4.3%) and displays reverse compositional zoning (least siliceous in the center). The southern gneiss (62%–73% SiO 2 ), distinctive in its relatively high hornblende content, has intermediate A1 2 O 3 (14.2%–17.5%) and Fe 2 O 3 (total) (3.4%–7.4%) and has lower average Na 2 O (2.6%–3.5%) and somewhat higher average K 2 O (1.2%–3.3%) than do the other plagioclase gneisses. The peripheral western gneiss (69%–77% SiO) is distinguished from the eastern gneiss (72%–77% SiO 2 ) by its higher Fe 2 O 3 (total) (2.8%–5.6% versus 1.1%–3.8%) and lower A1 2 O 3 (11.7%–14.5% versus 12.0%–15.0%). Both have low K 2 O, but the western gneiss is commonly 1.0%. The protolith of the central gneiss was a high-Al tonalite which intruded high-Si dacites represented now by the eastern and western gneisses (the western gneiss probably overlying the eastern). The southern unit is a metatonalite to metagranodiorite. The central and eastern gneisses are correlated with Monson Gneiss, whereas the western gneiss is compositionally similar to felsic Ammonoosuc Volcanics. The southern gneiss has no known counterpart among Bronson Hill rocks but is similar in chemical, mineralogical, and physical characteristics to upper Proterozoic Rope Ferry Gneiss of the Selden Neck dome. The low-Al eastern unit was probably generated by partial melting of amphibolite with residual plagioclase. The central high-Al tonalite may have a similar origin but formed under high P H 2 O Possibly somewhat deeper than the eastern unit, where hornblende was probably the predominant residual phase. Compositional trends of the tholeiitic western gneiss compare well with those of dacites of the island-arc tholeiitic series. Collectively, these rocks probably constituted part of a continental margin volcanic arc, which is consistent with current interpretations of the Ordovician (or older) development of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium rocks in central New England. The similarity of the southern gneiss to the Rope Ferry Gneiss supports its correlation with the older Avalon terrane and suggests that a tectonic boundary may separate the southern gneiss from the Bronson Hill rocks.
A mechanism of division of a cell with an impermeable membrane

The case of a cell in which metabolites are produced and consumed within the cell, without leaving the cell, is considered. Conditions are given under which there may be an excess production at the center over that at the periphery, and this condition is stable with respect to displacement of the center. The resulting diffusion forces are considered, and an expression is developed for the Rate of elongation with time. The expression is very similar to that obtained by considering the flow of metabolites into and out of the cell.
Robust packaging of photonic rf modules using ultrathin adaptive optical interconnect devices

Ultra-thin, electrically programmable, low control power optical devices are proposed as adaptive optical alignment correction devices for future deployable photonic modules for RF signal processing applications. A substantial relative optical/RF gain (i.e., 7.92 dB RF gain) in a free- space PDL that requires a fiber remoted feed in the infrared 1300 nm optical spectrum has been successfully demonstrated.
Enzymes of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in liver, brain and kidney ofMacaca mulatta

Les activites de 9 enzymes ont ete definies dans le foie, le cerveau et le rein du rhesus. L'activite de la serine dehydrase, qui ne se manifest pas dans le rein du rat, a ete observee dans le rein du singe. Les activites de la tyrosine transaminase et de l'exokinase dans le foie du rhesus se montrerent semblables a celles du foie humain, mais les activites du glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase et de la glucokinase furent plus elevees que dans le foie humain.
Investigation of faulting and abyssal hill formation on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise (21°N) using ALVIN

A wealth of geologic information has been collected during studies of the Matuyama/Brunhes magnetic reversal boundary on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N. Five ALVIN and two CYANA dives, and a series of deep-tow traverses show that abyssal hills in this region of the Pacific are created near the spreading axis by inward dipping normal faulting and by back-tilting of these fault blocks. Outward dipping faults occur but are of less importance in the creation of relief. Tectonic disruption of the crust, particularly through tilting, is less pronounced than in the Atlantic. Small volcanoes approximately 50 m high and 400 m wide are common on the abyssal hills. A significant number of the volcanoes may have split apart at the spreading axis attesting to the narrowness of the crustal accretion zone on the East Pacific Rise. Active faulting is restricted to less than 10 to 12 km off-axis, although minor recent faulting may have been detected 23 km off-axis. Crustal sections exposed by faulting reveal that massive lava flows and sheet flows are common in the upper portion of oceanic layer two, but are less abundant than pillow lavas.
Photosynthesis of symbiotic chloroplasts in Tridachia crispata (Bërgh)

Abstract 1. 1. Photosynthesis of symbiotic chloroplasts in the sea slug Tridachia crispata has been measured with a polarographic oxygen electrode. 2. 2. The results suggest that during a typical 24-hr period, oxygen production in this association will generally exceed consumption. 3. 3. Excess photosynthate produced in this fashion could then become available for translocation to the host.
Aluminum alloys with improved high temperature aqueous corrosion resistance

Abstract Several aluminum alloys with differing nickel/iron ratios underwent less corrosion at 350° than at 260° C. From the results of a study of their behavior within this temperature range, the composition Al-1 w/o Ni-0.5 w/o Fe-0.1 w/o Ti (A288) was chosen for further investigation. The temperature at which improved corrosion behavior of this alloy was obtained depended on its silicon content, ranging from 315° C for 10 ppm Si to 360° C for 150 ppm Si. Static corrosion tests of A288 at 260°, 290° C and 350° C indicated no “breakaway” phenomenon during about 200 days exposure to water. Moderate extrapolation of the reported data could best be accomplished by assuming a linear behavior at 350° and nearly parabolic behavior for the two lower temperatures. Under dynamic conditions (315° C, 18 ft/sec, low ratio of Al surface to system volume) the new alloy exhibited a constant corrosion rate of 4.2 mil per year, a considerable improvement over the older X8001 alloy. As in static tests, there was little or no improvement noted for A288 over X8001 in a one month dynamic test at 260° C. The application of stress during corrosion did not increase the intergranular penetration of A288. No unusual or accelerated corrosion was found for A288 in a boiling test with a heat flux of 42 watts/cm 2 at 252° C, 600 psi. Significant increases in high temperature tensile strength were obtained by adding small amounts of zirconium and chromium to the basic A288 composition. The creep resistance of the best alloy at 4000 psi-290° C was poor. Experiments designed to probe the mechanism of corrosion indicated that the corrosion barrier for low silicon alloys at 350° C was concentrated at or near the metal-oxide interface and that the deleterious effect of silicon was shared by other members of its periodic group. Chemical analyses showed that for low-silicon alloys at 350° C, the inner layer of corrosion product was enriched in iron and nickel, whereas the loose outer layer was depleted in these elements. At 290° C, the iron and nickel in the product were equal to the concentrations calculated from the composition of the alloy. For alloys containing more silicon, the corrosion product formed at 350° C was enriched in silicon.
Development of a Modified Flat-plate Test Specimen and Fixture for Composite Materials Crush Energy Absorption:

There are currently no specialized test methods for the characterization of specific energy absorption (SEA) of composite materials. Based on an original concept developed by NASA in the early 1990s, a test method that utilizes a flat plate-like specimen and a modified anti-buckling fixture is presented here that introduces a region of unsupported material in the proximity of the crush front, and allows the specimen to deform freely. A systematic experimental investigation is conducted with two unidirectional tapes to verify the general applicability of the test method to screen candidate material systems, and to isolate the effect of the unsupported distance on the measured SEA values. In general, it is found that there are four failure mechanisms (fragmentation, frond formation, local, and global buckling) that compete as the dominating mode according to the chosen unsupported distance. The specimen and fixture combination presents several limitations, but with a properly selected unsupported distance i...
FRICTION AND ADHESION MEASUREMENTS BETWEEN A FLUOROCARBON SURFACE AND A HYDROCARBON SURFACE IN AIR

The friction and adhesion between a fluorocarbon monolayer-coated surface against a hydrocarbon monolayer-coated surface has been directly measured. The friction was found to be lower than the friction between a hydrocarbon monolayer against a hydrocarbon monolayer and a fluorocarbon monolayer against a fluorocarbon monolayer. No stick-slip sliding was observed for speeds from 0.8 µm/s to 2.6 µm/s. The fluorocarbon–hydrocarbon interface was adhesive, with the energy of interaction measured to be 14.9 mJ/m2 ± 1.0 mJ/m2. As predicted from theory, the magnitude of the adhesion of a fluorocarbon monolayer against a hydrocarbon monolayer is between that measured for a fluorocarbon monolayer against a fluorocarbon monolayer and a hydrocarbon monolayer against a hydrocarbon monolayer. One may note that the interfacial energy, γ, follows the general trend γFC/FC < γHC/FC < γHC/HC, whereas the shear stress, τ, varies according to τFC/HC < τHC/HC < τFC/FC.
Stimulation of ATPase activity in barley (Hordeum vulgare) root plasma membrane after treatment of intact tissues and cell free extracts with triacontanol

Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity (EC 3.6.1.3) in a plasma membrane-enriched fraction increased rapidly after in vivo application of physiologically active concentrations of triacontanol (TRIA) to the roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Conquest) seedlings. Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity was 64 and 85% higher, respectively, in the roots of seedlings germinated in the presence of growth-promoting concentrations of TRIA compared to controls. The increase in vivo was concentration dependent, with the greatest increase obtained at 2.3 nM TRIA. Maximal stimulation of ATPase activity of excised tissue treated with TRIA coincided with the temperature at which the barley was grown. At this temperature the plasma membrane is primarily in a mixed gel/liquid crystalline state. Pretreatment of barley roots with cyclohexamide did not alter ATPase stimulation by TRIA. Two to three times more [14C]-TRIA (mg membrane protein)−1 was found associated with plasma membrane-enriched vesicles treated with TRIA than with vesicles enriched for mitochondrial membranes or for vesicles enriched for tonoplast, Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity increased by 40–60% within 30 min of the addition of 2.3 nM TRIA to cell-free extracts of barley roots. The addition of octacosanol, the C28 analogue of TRIA, to cell-free extracts did not affect metal-dependent ATPase activity. Consistent with many studies in the green-house, simultaneous additions of equimolar amounts of TRIA and octacosanol to cell-free extracts resulted in inhibition of ATPase stimulation by TRIA. TRIA may directly affect plasma membrane function in barley roots.
Increased Hypoxic Ventilatory Drive due to Administration of Aminophylline in Normal Men

We evaluated the effects of intravenous administration and five days of oral administration of aminophylline on hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory drives in seven normal men. Serum levels of theophylline were 13.2 µg/ml ± 1.0 µg/ml (mean ± SD) after intravenous administration of aminophylline and 8.8/µg/ml ± 1.7µg/ml after oral administration of aminophylline. Aminophylline had no effect on the slope of the line for carbon dioxide response or on hypoxic ventilatory drive, measured at resting alveolar carbon dioxide tension ( PaCO 2). Hypoxic ventilatory drive was significantly increased P PaCO 2 was raised to the control level before aminophylline. Intravenously administered aminophylline shifted the intercept of the line for carbon dioxide response from 40.7 ± 2.3 to 32.9 ± 4.6 mm Hg (P PaCO 2 from 38.3 ± 1.8 to 33.7 ± 2.1 mm Hg (P
Calculation of A1 and B-meson decays using sum rules and the Veneziano model

Abstract The decay rates of A 1 into ϱπ and B into ωπ are calculated from a study of the process π A 1 → πω . The rates are obtained using finite energy dispersion relations (FEDR) as well as the Veneziano model. The results of the Veneziano model agree with those from FEDR under a certain hypothesis on the ϱ-trajectory slope. Under this hypothesis the Veneziano model predicts for the anomalous magnetic moment of A 1 the value λ A = 0, which is consistent with current algebra. We also obtain the angular distribution for the decay B → πω in agreement with a phenomenological analysis.
Managed care and psychiatric-mental health nursing services: implications for practice

Our current health care system is in a period of major change. To help control rising costs and improve management, health care reforms have been proposed, prompting the rapid development of managed care. The impact of managed care on the psychiatric-mental health system has become quite evident over the past few years with a resultant restriction of services, closing of inpatient units, and shift from inpatient to outpatient care. These cost control measures raise serious concerns regarding the quality and availability of necessary services. Managed care could have a devastating effect on the progress made in mental health treatment over the last 40 years if these issues are not addressed and remedied. The issue of how managed care influences mental health services is addressed, and implications for practice are presented.
Using pivots to index for support vector machine queries

In many data-mining applications, Support Vector Machines are used to learn query concepts, and then the learned SVM is used to find the corresponding best matches in a given dataset. When the dataset is large, naively scanning the entire dataset to find the instances with the highest classification scores is not practical. An indexing strategy is thus desirable for scalability. In contrast to queries in traditional similarity search scenarios which are in the form of an input space point, SVM queries are hyperplanes in a (kernel function induced) feature space, and the best matches are instances farthest from the hyperplane. Also, the kernel parameters used, and hence the feature space used, may vary with the query. These issues make the problem challenging. In this work, we propose an indexing strategy that uses pivots (selected using PCA or KPCA) to prune irrelevant instances from the dataset, and zoom in on a smaller candidate set, to efficiently answer SVM queries.
Finite-Amplitude Behavior of a Single Baroclinic Wave with Multiple Vertical Modes: Effects of Thermal Damping

A quasi-geostrophic, beta-plane model possessing high vertical resolution is used to investigate the effects of thermal damping on the finite amplitude behavior of a baroclinic wave; both the wave field and zonal-mean flow of the model are, however, truncated to a single horizontal mode, so that the wave-mean flow interaction is purely baroclinic. For sufficiently strong thermal damping steady wave flows are obtained, while for weaker damping, nonsteady vacillating behavior is found. In the steady wave flows, the mean flow is linearly neutral. An especially interesting vacillation, characterized by two widely separated time scales, occurs in the model nonsteady regime and appears to be similar in some respects to behavior found in the two-layer model with only lower layer dissipation.
Effective implementation of the cell broadband engine™ isolation loader

This paper presents the design and implementation of the Cell Broadband Engine TM(Cell/B.E.) isolation loader which is a part of the IBM Software Development Kit for Multicore Acceleration [14]. Our isolation loader is a key component in realizing secure application boot and encrypted application execution. During the application load process, the isolation loader fetches, validates, and decrypts a Synergistic Processor Element (SPE) executable, establishing a chain of trust from the hardware to the application. Since not all applications are SPE executables, we also introduce a general solution. This is a verification service framework in which all applications including system functions can be verified by the isolation loader immediately before execution.We have applied several novel implementation techniques to the isolation loader. The countermeasure implemented in our isolation loader against the substituted-ciphertext attack is given and our staging technique to allocate contiguous working areas for applications is also introduced. The load overhead of this loader including application fetch, validation (RSA-2048/SHA-1), and decryption (RSA-2048 and AES) is less than 50 milliseconds on the 2.8 GHz IBM PowerXCell 8i processor. This overhead is reasonable compared with the 500-millisecond 2048-bit RSA signing needed by the Trusted Platform Module chips [3].