cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of intensity-modulated radiation therapy and concomitant boost radiotherapy in the setting of concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare toxicity/efficacy of conventional radiotherapy using delayed accelerated concomitant boost radiotherapy (CBRT) vs. intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the setting of concurrent chemotherapy (CT) for locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma. Methods and Materials: Between September 1998 and June 2004, a total of 293 consecutive patients were treated at our institution for cancer of the oropharynx. Of these, 112 had Stage III/IV disease and squamous cell histology. In all, 41 were treated with IMRT/CT and 71 were treated with CBRT/CT, both to a median dose of 70 Gy. Most common CT was a planned two cycles given every 3 to 4 weeks of cisplatin, 100 mg/m 2 i.v., but an additional cycle was given to IMRT patients when possible. Both groups were well-matched for all prognostic factors. Results: Median follow-up was 46 months (range, 3–93 months) for the CBRT patients and 31 months (range, 20–64 months) for the IMRT group. Three-year actuarial local-progression–free, regional-progression-free, locoregional progression-free, distant-metastases–free, disease-free, and overall survival rates were 85% vs. 95% ( p = 0.17), 95% vs. 94% ( p = 0.90), 82% vs. 92% ( p = 0.18), 85% vs. 86% ( p = 0.78), 76% vs. 82% ( p = 0.57), and 81% vs. 91% ( p = 0.10) for CBRT and IMRT patients, respectively. Three patients died of treatment-related toxicity in the CBRT group vs. none undergoing IMRT. At 2 years, 4% IMRT patients vs. 21% CBRT patients were dependent on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( p = 0.02). Among those who had ≥20 months follow-up, there was a significant difference in Grade ≥2 xerostomia as defined by the criteria of the Radiation Therapy and Oncology Group, 67% vs. 12% ( p = 0.02), in the CBRT vs. IMRT arm. Conclusion: In the setting of CT for locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma, IMRT results in lower toxicity and similar treatment outcomes when compared with CBRT.
Experimental Flashover Studies on Plastics at UNLV

The Nevada Shocker powered by nine 0.28 muF capacitors in a Marx Bank configuration yielding a maximum standup voltage and energy of 540 kV and 4.54 kJ respectively drives a 14.2 nF (in charging mode) Blumlein. The Blumlein with self-breaking water switch generates a 46 ns (theory) to 50 ns (experimental) pulse guided by a 7 Omega discharge transmission line to a parallel plate diode in a 10-6 Torr vacuum environment. Four novel UNLV dots equally spaced on a 1.25" radius circle embedded about 1 mm below the anode electrode surface interrogates the power flow between the diode plates. The novel dot allows for both H and D fields at the surface of the electrode to be measured at a single point. Preliminary discussions of breakdown will be presented based on a number of open and short-circuited shots and a number of single shot 1" and 2" long, 1" diameter, Rexolite samples between the electrodes. A null shot will also be presented for comparison.
Principles of human¿computer collaboration for knowledge discovery in science

An important problem in computational scientific discovery is to identify, among the diversity of discovery programs written in various sciences, a commonality that will take a next step beyond the acknowledged general-but weak-framework of heuristic search. We characterize discovery in science as the generation of novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge about the objects of study. We then analyze four current machine discovery programs in chemistry, medicine, mathematics, and linguistics according to how their design, or the circumstances of their application, heighten the chances of finding knowledge that has all four properties. Some general patterns emerge, although some strategies seem idiosyncratic. Our candidate for a commonality, which focuses on human factors, can be used pragmatically to evaluate and compare the designs of discovery programs that are intended to be used as collaborators by scientists.
The non‐Aristotelian nature of Samoan ceremonial oratory

(1970). The non‐Aristotelian nature of Samoan ceremonial oratory. Western Speech: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 262-273.
A treatment planning approach to spatially fractionated megavoltage grid therapy for bulky lung cancer

The purpose of this study was to explore the treatment planning methods of spatially fractionated megavoltage grid therapy for treating bulky lung tumors using multileaf collimator (MLC). A total of 5 patients with lung cancer who had gross tumor volumes ranging from 277 to 635 cm{sup 3} were retrospectively chosen for this study. The tumors were from 6.5 to 9.6 cm at shortest dimension. Several techniques using either electronic compensation or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were used to create a variety of grid therapy plans on the Eclipse treatment planning system. The dose prescription point was calculated to the volume, and a dose of 20 Gy with 6-MV/15-MV beams was used in each plan. The dose-volume histogram (DVH) curves were obtained to evaluate dosimetric characteristics. In addition, DVH curves from a commercially available cerrobend grid collimator were also used for comparison. The linear-quadratic radiobiological response model was used to assess therapeutic ratios (TRs) and equivalent uniform doses (EUD) for all generated plans. A total of 6 different grid therapy plans were created for each patient. Overall, 4 plans had different electronic compensation techniques: Ecomps-Tubes, Ecomps-Circles, Ecomps-Squares, and Ecomps-Weave; the other 2 plans used IMRT and IMRT-Weave techniques. The DVH curvesmore » and TRs demonstrated that these MLC-based grid therapy plans can achieve dosimetric properties very similar to those of the cerrobend grid collimator. However, the MLC-based plans have larger EUDs than those with the cerrobend grid collimator. In addition, the field shaping can be performed for targets of any shape in MLC-based plans. Thus, they can deliver a more conformal dose to the targets and spare normal structures better than the cerrobend grid collimator can. The plans generated by the MLC technique demonstrated the advantage over the standard cerrobend grid collimator on accommodating targets and sparing normal structures. Overall, 6 different plans showed 6 different dosimetric parameters. However, an optimal grid therapy plan selection from among these 6 types requires more information from clinical trials and radiobiological studies.« less
Absence of extraocular photoreception in diurnal and nocturnal rodents exposed to direct sunlight

1. 1. Entrainment of circadian wheel running activity was monitored over a period of several months for northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) and golden mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) housed out-of-doors and exposed to direct sunlight (average light intensity = 55,000 lx). 2. 2. Sighted animals entrained their activity rhythms to the natural photoperiod; the mice were nocturnal and the squirrels diurnal in their locomotor activity. 3. 3. The activity rhythms of all blind animals from each species failed to entrain to the light-dark cycle and free-ran with endogenous periods > 24 hr for squirrels and < 24 hr for grasshopper mice. 4. 4. Failure of entrainment in blind ground squirrels and grasshopper mice indicates that these species lack functional extraocular photoreceptors; they thus differ from non-mammalian vertebrates in which extraocular photoreception is well documented. 5. 5. The significance of exclusive reliance by mammals on ocular photoreceptors for entrainment of circadian rhythms is discussed.
Integration and differentiation in dynamic recurrent neural networks

Dynamic neural networks with recurrent connections were trained by backpropagation to generate the differential or the leaky integral of a nonrepeating frequency-modulated sinusoidal signal. The trained networks performed these operations on arbitrary input waveforms. Reducing the network size by deleting ineffective hidden units and combining redundant units, and then retraining the network produced a minimal network that computed the same function and revealed the underlying computational algorithm. Networks could also be trained to compute simultaneously the differential and integral of the input on two outputs; the two operations were performed in distributed overlapping fashion, and the activations of the hidden units were dominated by the integral. Incorporating units with time constants into model networks generally enhanced their performance as integrators and interfered with their ability to differentiate.
Knowing Me, Knowing You Building Strengths Awareness, Belonging, and Persistence in Higher Education

This goal of this study was to examine the benefits of a campus-wide initiative to build first-year students’ strengths awareness. The results of a survey of the first-year class (n = 1,421) suggest a positive and significant relationship between students’ strengths awareness and their belief that the strengths initiatives on campus positively influenced their sense of belonging. The results also suggest a positive and significant relationship between students’ strengths awareness and retention to their second year of study. Qualitative analyses of survey data suggested strengths initiatives enhanced students’ self-awareness and confidence, facilitated introductory conversations with peers through the development of a common language, and fostered friendships and a deeper understanding of others—factors that are hypothesized to have contributed to students’ sense of belonging and retention.
Die elektromagnetische Struktur des Protons und Neutrons

The structures of protons and neutrons were studied, including the anomalous magnetic moment by electron scattering experiments. The results indicated that the protons and neutrons are made up of nuclei surrounded by clouds of charge. The charge distribution of the proton and neutron possesses a nucleus containing 35% of the charge and with a radius of about 0.2 fermi. In the proton this nucleus is surrounded by two positive clouds, but in the neutron the inner cloud contains a negative charge. The outer cloud leads to a weak positive covering. The anomalous magnetic moment results from a cloud with a radius of 0.8 fermi, which is positive for the proton and negative for the neutron. (M.C.G.)
Simultaneous impact and lunar craters

The existence of large terrestrial impact crater doublets and Martian crater doublets that have been inferred to be impact craters demonstrates that simultaneous impact of two or more bodies occurs at nearly the same point on planetary surfaces. An experimental study of simultaneous impact of two projectiles near one another shows that doublet craters with ridges perpendicular to the bilateral axis of symmetry result when separation between impact points relative to individual crater diameter is large. When separation is progressively less, elliptical craters with central ridges and central peaks, circular craters with flat floors containing ridges and peaks, and circular craters with deep round bottoms are produced. These craters are similar in structure to many of the large lunar craters. Results suggest that the simultaneous impact of meteoroids near one another may be an important mechanism for the production of central peaks in large lunar craters.
Behavioral differences among breeds of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris): Current status of the science

In both popular media and scientific literature, it is commonly stated that breeds of dogs differ behaviorally in substantial, consistent and predictable ways. Since the mid-twentieth century, scientists have asked whether meaningful behavioral differences exist between breeds of dogs. Today, there are over 1000 identified dog breeds in the world, but to date, fewer than one-quarter of these are represented in studies investigating breed-specific behavioral differences. We review here scientific findings of breed differences in behavior from a wide range of methodologies with respect to both temperament traits and cognitive abilities to determine whether meaningful differences in behavior between breeds have been established. Although there is convincing scientific evidence for reliable differences between breeds and breed groups with respect to some behaviors (e.g., aggression, reactivity), the majority of studies that have measured breed differences in behavior have reported meaningful within-breed differences has well. These trends appear to be related to two main factors: the traits being assessed and the methodology used to assess those traits. In addition, where evidence for breed differences in behavior has been found, there is mixed consistency between empirical findings and the recognized breed standard. We discuss both the strengths and limitations of behavioral research in illuminating differences between dog breeds, highlight directions for future research, and suggest the integration of input from other disciplines to further contribute to our understanding of breed differences in behavior.
Experimental analysis and management issues of a hydrogen fuel cell system for stationary and mobile application

Abstract A laboratory fuel cell system based on a 20 kW H 2 /air proton exchange membrane stack was designed, realized and characterized with the aim to elucidate specific concerns to be considered for both hydrogen stationary power systems and automotive applications. The overall system characterization permitted the effect of the main operative variables (temperature, pressure and stoichiometric ratio) on stack power and efficiency to be evaluated. Reactant feeding, humidification and cooling problems are discussed, evidencing in particular the roles of air compressor, fuel purge, stack temperature and humidification strategy in system management. The characterization results are analyzed in terms of H 2 consumption and available power, evidencing the energy losses of the individual fuel cell system components. In particular, the data obtained on key components (stack, reactants, heat and water management devices) are used for a critical discussion about their specifications and operation characteristics as demanded by both stationary and mobile applications.
Strategies for teaching advertising consumerism

Strategies are offered to help the speech communication instructor to create and implement a unit or course in advertising. The strategies allow the student to view advertising from a variety of perspectives including legal, ethical, technical, and organizational dimensions of the field.
The Influence of Debate Viewing Context on Political Cynicism and Strategic Interpretations

In 2008, Nielsen Media Research reported that between 50 million and 70 million people watched each of the presidential and vice presidential debates. Although the debates are some of the most-watched political moments, the influence of the context of debate viewing has received little attention. This study focuses on the reactions of younger Americans to watching the debates in different contexts. In particular, the authors consider the influence of three contexts on political cynicism and reactions to the debates: playing bingo, taking notes on an issue grid, and simply viewing a debate. After viewing a debate in these contexts, participants were asked to create a hypothetical headline about the debate and to answer questions about cynicism. Although there were no significant differences between conditions in terms of writing headlines containing a strategic or cynical interpretation of the debate, the language participants used documents a propensity to view the debates through a strategic lens. Furthe...
The Alkaloid of Banisteriopsis Inebrians Morton

The stems of Banisteriopsis inebrians were found to contain 0.15 per cent of the alkaloid harmine, but the other alkaloids that accomany harmine in peganum harmala could not be detected. The leaves were found to contain an alkaloid which was partly identified as harmine.
Community-Based Education and Social Capital in an Urban After-School Program

This qualitative case study examined how social capital development was facilitated in an urban after-school program. Specific attention was devoted to identifying structures and strategies that he...
Controlling for homophone polarity and prime-target relatedness in the cross-modal lexical decision task

Access of alternative meanings of ambiguous words was investigated with a cross-modal lexical decision task. We considered two factors that may have been inadequately controlled in previous experiments, homophone polarity and prime-target relatedness. We used both nonpolar homophones with two nearly equiprobable senses and polar homophones with one clearly dominant sense. Polarity ratings were derived from homophone familiarity norms obtained by Kreuz (1987). We also equated prime-target relatedness across items for dominant and subordinate meanings of the homophones using norms that we collected. Sentence contexts biased the dominant meanings of the homophones. Under these conditions, there was a small but significant priming effect, and priming of the subordinate meaning was not significantly affected by homophone polarity.
Nonchromatographic “Stir and Filter Approach” (SAFA) for Isolating Sc3N@C80 Metallofullerenes

Separation difficulties have led to a paucity of purified metallic nitride fullerenes (MNFs). Fundamental research and application development has been hampered with limited sample availability. Separation techniques designed to remove contaminant empty-cage fullerenes (e.g., C60, C70...C2n) and classical metallofullerenes (e.g., non-MNFs) traditionally require expensive and tedious chromatographic methods. Our motivation is an alternative purification approach to minimize dependence on HPLC. Herein we report the use of cyclopentadienyl (CPD) and amino functionalized silica to selectively bind contaminant fullerenes. This “Stir and Filter Approach” (SAFA) provides purified MNF samples at ambient and reflux conditions. Under reflux conditions, purified MNFs (80% recovery, 41 h) are obtained using CPD silica. However, at room temperature, there is an equilibrium established between fullerenes and CPD silica, and no purified MNF samples are obtained using SAFA. In contrast, purified MNF samples (99+%) are re...
Hemodynamic and clinical limitations of long-term inotropic therapy with amrinone in patients with severe chronic heart failure.

To determine the hemodynamic and clinical effects of long-term positive inotropic stimulation on the myocardium, we treated 31 patients with severe chronic heart failure with oral amrinone (600 mg daily) and performed invasive hemodynamic studies during short- and long-term treatment with the drug. Stroke volume and stroke work indexes increased markedly during the first 48 hr of therapy (p less than .01) but returned to pretreatment values after 2 to 10 weeks; upon drug withdrawal, both variables deteriorated rapidly to values significantly lower than those observed before treatment with amrinone (p less than .01), despite similar values for left ventricular filling pressure, mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance. This pattern of response indicated that progression of the underlying heart disease had occurred during treatment with amrinone and contributed importantly to its failure to produce long-term benefits. Progression of left ventricular dysfunction was associated with a progressive increase in heart rate and plasma renin activity and a decline in serum sodium concentration. Clinically, amrinone therapy was complicated by sustained symptomatic ventricular tachycardia in four patients, worsening myocardial ischemia in four patients, and worsening congestive heart failure in eight patients, all of whom had been stable before entry into the study; only three of the 31 patients improved clinically. Ten patients died during the first 2 weeks of treatment, and 16 (52%) were dead within 3 months, a mortality rate twice as great as that seen during comparable trials with vasodilating drugs. Although noncardiac adverse effects were frequent, they were not the primary reason for drug failure. In conclusion, long-term therapy with amrinone may accelerate progression of left ventricular dysfunction, exacerbate myocardial ischemia, and provoke life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias, thereby shortening survival in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Prolonged administration of inotropic drugs may achieve short-term gains at the expense of long-term detrimental effects on the myocardium.
The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein S4.

The amino acid sequence of the rat 40 S ribosomal subunit protein S4 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in a recombinant cDNA and confirmed from the NH2-terminal amino-acid sequence of the protein. Ribosomal protein S4 has 282 amino acids (the NH2-terminal methionine is removed after translation of the mRNA) and has a molecular weight of 31 841. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggest that there are 7–11 copies of the S4 gene. The mRNA for the protein is about 1 kb in length. Rat S4 is homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS6. The protein contains a possible internal duplication of 11 residues.
Origins of behavioural variability: categorical and discriminative assessment in serial contests

Abstract Can social behaviour be probabilistic? Classical results in evolutionary game theory seem to suggest that recognizable asymmetries between individuals in the likelihood of winning fights (i.e. in resource holding power, RHP) rule out the stable probabilistic behaviour associated with mixed strategies. Here, using a variant of the hawk–dove game, I show that these mixed strategies can be common in asymmetric contests, because opponents of similar RHP benefit by ignoring discernable differences to form RHP equivalence categories. This process of categorizing (i.e. opting not to distinguish an opponent's discernably different RHP from one's own) can be adaptive when assessment is imprecise or expensive and mistakes can lead to dangerous combat. For large RHP differences between opponents, discriminating by acting on the discernable RHP difference is evolutionarily stable. For moderate RHP differences, typically neither categorizing nor discriminating is stable, but categorizing predominates if social interactions are frequent. More frequent interactions imply that the social status ultimately achieved is more important in accumulating fitness; this reduces the probability that a loser in combat will accept the submissive role without additional fighting, where this probability of ‘surrender’ expresses another mixed strategy. These patterns appear to fit the establishment of social relationships in some species for which combat is dangerous, and the analysis represents a step towards understanding the emergence of dominance hierarchies.
Efficient k-word proximity search

In this paper, we propose the “added” use of proximity search to a web search query for narrowing down the set of documents returned as answers to a keyword based search query. This approach adds value to web search query results by allowing users to better express what they are looking for. Most of the current search engines provide limited proximity search behaviour such as allowing only two query terms. While there are many algorithms for k-word near proximity search, there is no work for k-word ordered proximity search. This paper presents (a) a new algorithm for k-word ordered proximity search in a document, which runs in O(nlogk) time per document where n is the number of words (terms) in the document, and k is the number of query terms in a query, (b) enhancements to ranking techniques related to proximity search, and (c) a suggestion involving frequent combinations of query terms in order to help users locate the desired documents more accurately.
Lack of effect of entorhinal kindling on l-[3H]glutamic acid presynaptic uptake and postsynaptic binding in hippocampus

Sodium-independent L-[3H]glutamic acid binding and sodium-dependent L-[3H]glutamic acid high affinity uptake were measured in hippocampal membranes of rats administered electroshock seizures or kindled to class 5 seizures by entorhinal cortical stimulation. There were no differences in these glutamatergic synaptic markers among electroshocked, kindled, or surgical control animals. Entorhinal kindling is not a reflection of activity-regulated facilitation of perforant path glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Is abnormal labor associated with shoulder dystocia in nulliparous women

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between labor abnormalities and shoulder dystocia in nulliparous women. Study design Nulliparous women whose delivery was complicated by shoulder dystocia were studied and compared with a control group selected based on the best possible match for race, labor type (spontaneous or induced), and birth weight. The duration of first and second stage of labor, as well as the rates of labor progress, were calculated and compared between groups. Results During this 4-year study period, there were 8010 nulliparous singleton deliveries of which 65 (0.8%) were complicated by shoulder dystocia. Compared with controls, there was no difference in the rate of cervical dilation in the active phase of the first stage of labor. In the shoulder dystocia group, more patients had a second stage of labor greater than 2 hours (22% vs 3%; P Conclusion In our population, the combination of fetal macrosomia, second stage of labor longer than 2 hours and the use of operative vaginal delivery were associated with shoulder dystocia in nulliparous women.
EVALUATION OF TURBULENCE MODELS FOR THE PREDICTION OF WIND TURBINE AERODYNAMICS

The performance of the NREL Phase VI horizontal axis wind turbine has been studied with a 3-D unsteady Navier-Stokes solver. This solver is third order accurate in space and second order accurate in time, and uses an implicit time marching scheme. Calculations were done for a range of wind conditions from 7 m/s to 25 m/s where the flow conditions ranged from attached flow to massively separated flow. A variety of turbulence models were studied: Baldwin-Lomax Model, Spalart-Allmaras one-equation model, and k-e two equations model with and without wall corrections. It was found all the models predicted the normal forces and associated bending moments well, but most of them had difficulties in modeling the chord wise forces, power generation, and pitching moments. It was found that the k-e model with near wall corrections did the best job of predicting most the quantities with acceptable levels of accuracy. Additional studies aimed at transition model development, and grid sensitivity studies in the tip region are deemed necessary to improve the correlation with experiments.Copyright © 2003 by S. Benjanirat, L. N. Sankar, Guan Peng Xu
Hand Grip Function Assessed by the Box and Block Test Is Affected by Object Surfaces

Abstract Study Design N/A. Background One of the hand function assessment tools is the Box and Block Test (BBT). Purpose To examine if the BBT score is affected by grip surfaces. Methods Thirteen adults performed the BBT with wooden, rubber-covered, and paper-covered blocks. The BBT scores and time for seven movements (finger closing, contact to lift-off, transport before barrier, transport after barrier, release, return, and reach) were compared across the three block types. Results The mean BBT score was 8% higher for the rubber blocks than the paper and wooden blocks (p Conclusions Hand function assessments should be controlled for object surfaces. Therapists may vary grip difficulties by changing object surfaces. Redesigning daily objects with high-friction surfaces may increase grip function. Level of Evidence N/A.
The observation of pseudodiffusion of nickel in single-crystal silicon by in-depth Auger electron spectroscopy☆

Nickel films r.f. sputtered onto the (100) surface of single-crystal silicon diffuse into the substrate when annealed at temperatures between 250 and 350°C. The change in the concentration gradient is measured by recording the Ni and Si Auger electron signals during ion sputtering. The diffusion coefficient is given by the equation D = 10-13 exp(-0.27 eV/kT>) cm2 s-1
Effects of puromycin upon isolated adipose tissue cell metabolism

Abstract Puromycin inhibits amino acid incorporation into fat cell protein of isolated rat epididymal adipose tissue cells. This inhibition is proportional to the concentration of puromycin, inhibition being 90% with 10−4 m puromycin. At this concentration, puromycin had no significant effect upon isolated fat cell lipid synthesis and significantly augmented CO2 production. Addition of 10−4 m puromycin to metabolizing isolated fat cells inhibited subsequent fat cell protein formation.
Substructure evolution and deformation modes in shock-loaded niobium

Abstract An electron microscopy study has been conducted of the substructure evolution of polycrystalline niobium shock loaded to 6 and 37 GPa. It was found that dense dislocation tangles and loops dominate the substructure of samples shocked at 6 GPa, whereas slip bands and microbands on {110} and twins on {112} in addition to tangles and loops are observed in samples shocked at 37 GPa. The twins observed possess the characteristic lenticular shape similar to those seen in shock-loaded molybdenum and are consistent with the shape predicted by existing twin models. The twin elements and characters do not appear to be different from those induced by conventional deformation at low strain rates. Slip bands on {110} are considered to result from an independent deformation mode which is not a consequence of the termination of twin growth inside the crystal. Microbands, which are the most predominant feature, were developed within 10° of {110} planes with a slight misorientation (1° or less) across the bands. Macroscopic shear bands were not found in either of the shock-loaded samples. Comparison between the microstructures in shock-loaded and slowly deformed samples shows no drastic difference. It is argued that the prevalent deformation modes in shock-loaded niobium are not extraordinarily distinct from conventional deformation.
Mary Cowden Clarke and Her East End Injun

The article concerns the one of the many parodies of Longfellow's "The Song of Hiawatha" published in 1855.Â It is "The Song of Drop oy Wather, by Harry Wandsworth Shortfellow," written by M ary Cowden Clarke (1809â€“1898), a decorous Victorian lady.Â Falk states "The Song of Drop O'Wather could not be considered coarse, but it does contain a somewhat detailed account of crime and sin. One wonders if perhaps Mrs. Cowden Clarke in her late years regretted having 'sullied' the public mind."
Surface Modification of Porous Silicon by Electrochemical Reduction of Organo Halides.

Functionalization of hydride-terminated porous and single-crystal silicon surfaces with organic species is accomplished by electrochemical reduction of organo iodides and organo bromides (see scheme). This new method is fast and efficient, and achieves high surface coverage with functionalized and nonfunctionalized alkyl and benzyl groups within minutes.
Effect of cathodic charging on creep and tensile deformation of pure iron

The effects of hydrogen on iron and steel was studied. Two deformation techniques illustrate the importance of strain rate. Two independent effects of H were identified. Both showed the softening effect. The introduction of H into iron polycrystalline resulted in intergranular fracture. (FS)
Contour-based progressive coding of cutting plane data

We present an efficient algorithm for progressive coding of cutting plane data extracted from large-scale computational field simulation (CFS) datasets. Since cutting planes are frequently used for examination of 3D simulation results, efficient compression of their geometry, topography, and the associated field data is important for good visualization performance, especially when the simulation is running on a geographically remote server or the simulation results are stored in a remote repository. Progressive coding is ideal for exploratory visualization since the data can be presented naturally starting with a coarse view and progressing down to the detail. In our algorithm, each cutting plane is reduced at the server to a set of triangle strips containing contour lines. On the local visualization machine (the client), the original surface is reconstructed by triangulating the space between the triangle strips. The more contour lines used, the higher the reconstruction accuracy obtained. It can quickly show an area of interest without modifying that section of the original triangle mesh. In generating the data to be sent to the client, the algorithm can smoothly trade-off computation and the accuracy of the representation by altering the cutting plane generation procedure or by adjusting the accuracy of the data.
Environmental and state-level regulatory factors affect the incidence of autism and intellectual disability.

Many factors affect the risks for neurodevelopmental maladies such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). To compare environmental, phenotypic, socioeconomic and state-policy factors in a unified geospatial framework, we analyzed the spatial incidence patterns of ASD and ID using an insurance claims dataset covering nearly one third of the US population. Following epidemiologic evidence, we used the rate of congenital malformations of the reproductive system as a surrogate for environmental exposure of parents to unmeasured developmental risk factors, including toxins. Adjusted for gender, ethnic, socioeconomic, and geopolitical factors, the ASD incidence rates were strongly linked to population-normalized rates of congenital malformations of the reproductive system in males (an increase in ASD incidence by 283% for every percent increase in incidence of malformations, 95% CI: [91%, 576%], p<6×10−5). Such congenital malformations were barely significant for ID (94% increase, 95% CI: [1%, 250%], p = 0.0384). Other congenital malformations in males (excluding those affecting the reproductive system) appeared to significantly affect both phenotypes: 31.8% ASD rate increase (CI: [12%, 52%], p<6×10−5), and 43% ID rate increase (CI: [23%, 67%], p<6×10−5). Furthermore, the state-mandated rigor of diagnosis of ASD by a pediatrician or clinician for consideration in the special education system was predictive of a considerable decrease in ASD and ID incidence rates (98.6%, CI: [28%, 99.99%], p = 0.02475 and 99% CI: [68%, 99.99%], p = 0.00637 respectively). Thus, the observed spatial variability of both ID and ASD rates is associated with environmental and state-level regulatory factors; the magnitude of influence of compound environmental predictors was approximately three times greater than that of state-level incentives. The estimated county-level random effects exhibited marked spatial clustering, strongly indicating existence of as yet unidentified localized factors driving apparent disease incidence. Finally, we found that the rates of ASD and ID at the county level were weakly but significantly correlated (Pearson product-moment correlation 0.0589, p = 0.00101), while for females the correlation was much stronger (0.197, p<2.26×10−16).
Forensic studies of a large cover‐plate steel moment‐resisting connection

A large-size, single-sided cover plate connection composed of a built-up BW36×670 column and a W36×359 rolled beam section was tested in a custom-made test fixture using the SAC Phase I loading protocol. A trapezoidal plate was used as top flange reinforcement and a rectangular plate was used as bottom flange reinforcement. The test specimen failed catastrophically at a story drift angle of 1.7% and a beam plastic rotation of 0.009 radian by fracture through the beam top flange and beam web. An ABAQUS nonlinear finite element model of the connection was prepared and analyzed. The ABAQUS data indicate that the likelihood of brittle or ductile fracture at the observed crack initiation site is very low. Fractographic and microstructure studies were conducted after testing. The fractographic analysis of the failure surface showed that the fracture initiated at the toe of a fillet weld that joined the top cover plate to the beam flange. The microstructure analysis around the crack initiation site revealed laminations in the base metal at the crack initiation site. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DOES NORMOXIC PULMONARY VASODILATATION RATHER THAN HYPOXIC VASOCONSTRICTION ACCOUNT FOR THE PULMONARY PRESSOR RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA

A mediator of the pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia has not been found. The pressor phenomenon could be explained if the pulmonary vasodilatation present during normoxia were maintained by a vasodilator substance such as bradykinin. Ventilation of the lungs with air or oxygen causes the release of bradykinin which is rapidly inactivated in the lungs. Inhibition of the inactivating enzyme prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension in response to chronic hypoxia. Bradykinin is formed in the blood and is also present in alveolar macrophages, which arise from precursors in haematopoietic tissue. Formation of bradykinin by granulocytes is critically dependent on the local oxygen tension. The enzyme which inactivates bradykinin also converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and thus provides a mechanism for interaction between the pulmonary and systemic vasculatures. The rate of inactivation of bradykinin may be altered by small changes in pH. It is postulated that when bradykinin production is reduced during hypoxia the higher tone of the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, maintained by numerous constrictor stimuli, asserts itself.
Some novel isoxazole photochemistry: a comparison with vinyl azide chemistry

Abstract Product profiles from the irradiations of 3-acetyl-5-methylisoxazole (4) and Z-3-azido-3-hexene-2,5-dione (5) were compared. Whereas both compounds gave rise to azirine 7 , diacetylacetonitrile ( 6 ) was produced only from ( 4 ).
Effect of time between human chorionic gonadotropin injection and egg retrieval is age dependent

Objective To investigate whether egg retrieval at ≥36.5 hours improves IVF outcomes in women aged ≥40 years. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) First-attempt autologous IVF cycles without preimplantation genetic diagnosis, IUI conversion, or intentional delayed egg retrieval were included (n = 3,231). Cycles were stratified by age and hCG exposure ( Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Oocyte yield, maturity, fertilization, embryo quality, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth were analyzed, controlling for age and gonadotropins. Stimulation type, hMG use, stimulation days, day-3 FSH level, and diagnosis were evaluated as potential confounders. Multivariable regression analyses were performed and Wald tests for trend calculated. Result(s) No consistent differences in oocyte yield, maturity, fertilization, or embryo quality were detected. No absolute differences in outcomes were noted among group comparisons. However, as age increased, significant trends toward improved implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth were detected at ≥36.5 hours. Conclusion(s) Extending exposure to hCG for ≥36.5 hours may be beneficial in patients aged ≥40 years. A prospective, randomized study is warranted to determine whether retrieval time merits revision for patients of advanced age, as well as the age cutoffs at which such protocols should be applied.
Anaerobic treatment of concentrated industrial wastewater

Test results are given for anaerobic digestion with the production of methane as a possible treatment for industrial landfill leachate. The study of volatile fatty acids during batch experiments provides several insights into the degradation of organic solutes in the complex wastewater used. A one tenth dilution of leachate led to a very slight lag period for the removal of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, with an unadapted culture of selected organisms. An overall dissolved organic carbon reduction of 61% was noted during a batch experiment using a leachate dilution of 5% and a culture adapted to leachate. The build-up of butyrate indicates a breakdown of other, larger organic species in the leachate. When a culture selected for volatile fatty acid degradation was used, this effect was not observed. Apparently the organisms responsible for the formation of butyrate from higher compounds are not present in this culture. Inhibition of methane occurs when the leachate adapted culture is dosed with leachate, presumably because of sulfate reducers. 9 references, 9 figures, 2 tables.
Node Density and Range Improvement in Cooperative Networks using Randomized Space-Time Block Coding with Time Synchronization Errors

Cooperative communication in energy-constrained networks is a topic of emerging interest in recent years especially for sensor network applications. We consider cooperative transmission from a cluster of nodes to a remote receiver. The transmission protocol used is randomized orthogonal space-time block coding, which allows each node to randomly transmit one column of a given orthogonal space-time code matrix. Previous work on the topic has shown that the scheme can achieve maximum possible diversity order for a given SNR as the number of cooperating nodes increases. In this paper we examine the range extension achievable under realistic conditions accounting for time synchronization errors and use of pulse shaping filters. We show that the scaling of range as the number of nodes increase with timing error is not linear. It reaches a limit beyond which range improvement is not significant
Abundance and Distribution of Waterbirds in the Llanos of Venezuela

Abstract The Llanos is a significant waterbird site in the Western Hemisphere, but abundance and distribution of waterbirds across this vast region are poorly known, which hampers conservation initiatives. We used point counts along road routes in the Llanos region of Venezuela to examine abundance and distribution of waterbirds during 2000–2002 within five ecoregions across the Llanos. We detected 69 species of waterbirds and recorded 283,566 individuals, of which 10 species accounted for 80% of our observations. Wading birds (Ciconiiformes) represented the largest guild both in numbers of species (26) and individuals (55%), followed by waterfowl (26%), and shorebirds (11%). Five species comprised 62% of all individuals: Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), White-faced Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna viduata), Black-bellied Whistling Duck (D. autumnalis), Great Egret (Ardea alba), and Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana). Wading birds were particularly ubiquitous with at least 21 of 26 species recorded in each of the eco...
Inter-Subject Communication

A random sample of 55 ex-Ss was interviewed 3 days following participation in a deception experiment. While a very large percentage recalled that they had been asked not to discuss the experiment with others as well as the reasons for that request, 30% of the sample reported providing a partial or complete description of the experiment to other students when requested to do so.
Predicting benefit from imatinib: are we close?

Th e treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was revolutionized with the introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib [1], off ering the prospect of highly eff ective therapy predicated upon targeting of specifi c molecularly defi ned aberrations. While second-generation TKIs appear to more frequently achieve major molecular response (MMR) [2], overall survival is not conclusively better, and imatinib remains an important and widely used agent in CML. Ideally, biological and genetic factors would identify those patients who will or are unlikely to derive benefi t from imatinib, and assist in informing the appropriate therapeutic dose. Such a pharmacogenomic approach to therapy has been explored in other several disease sites. For example, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGFR3 and CYP3A5 * 1 have been shown to predict lack of effi cacy and tolerability in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with sunitinib [3]. Similarly, mutations in CYP1A1 and FLT have also been shown to help predict toxicity with anti
Use of accelerator mass spectrometry for studies in nutrition.

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an ultrasensitive analytical technique for measuring rare nuclides such as 14C, 26Al and 41Ca. The low detection limit and wide dynamic range of AMS allow long-term and highly sensitive tracer studies in nutrition that cannot be performed with other methods. The present paper is intended to provide a description of AMS to the interested nutritionist and present proven applications. AMS is compared to liquid scintillation counting and stable isotope MS. A description of common AMS methodology is presented that consists of determining the dose, preparing the sample, diluting the sample (if necessary), and measuring the sample. Applications include Ca metabolism, Al uptake from the environment, dietary intake of carcinogens, fat meta-bolism and folate metabolism. Throughout this discussion the experimental advantages (small doses that pose no health risk, extremely long experimental lifetime, small sample sizes and high sensitivity) made possible by the unique analytical capabilities of AMS are emphasized. The future of AMS is discussed. As the number of AMS centres, instruments, and studies increases, the number of nutritional applications that employ AMS will continue to grow. The coupling of AMS with other analytical techniques (e.g. high performance liquid chromatography) will be developed as access to AMS improves.
Optimal transmission scheduling policies for wireless sensor networks with frequency diversity

We consider wireless sensor networks with multiple frequency channels, multiple gateways and multiple classes of traffic carrying data generated by different sensory inputs. The objective is to devise joint routing and transmission scheduling policies in order to gather data in the most efficient manner while respecting the needs of different sensing tasks (fairness). We formulate the problem as maximizing the utility of transmissions subject to explicit fairness constraints and propose a decomposition algorithm drawing upon large-scale decomposition ideas in mathematical programming. We show that our algorithm terminates in a finite number of iterations. Furthermore, we exploit the special structure of the subproblem and show that a particular relaxation is solvable in polynomial time. This enables an improved algorithm based on the decomposition algorithm which is much more efficient for solving large problem instances.
Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistance by Flow Cytometry Using a Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe

A total of 56 Staphylococcus aureus isolates incubated for 2 h in the presence or absence of oxacillin were analyzed by flow cytometry after labeling with an S. aureus-specific peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe. Two defined ratios, the paired signal count ratio (PSCR) and the gate signal count ratio (GSCR), differentiated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) with sensitivities of 100% each and specificities of 96% and 100%, respectively.