cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of the novel intermediate filament protein synemin and its identification in mammalian muscle.

We examined specific properties of highly purified synemin (230 kDa), recently identified as a novel intermediate filament (IF) protein, from avian smooth muscle. Soluble synemin in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, appears as approximately 11-nm-diameter globular structures by negative-stain and low-angle shadow electron microscopy. Chemical crosslinking and SDS-PAGE analysis indicate that soluble synemin molecules contain two 230-kDa subunits. The pH- and ionic strength-dependent solubility properties of synemin are similar to those of the type III IF protein desmin, but under physiological-like conditions in which desmin self-assembles into long approximately 10-nm-diameter IFs, synemin self-associates into complex, approx 15- to 25-nm-diameter globular structures. Calpain digestion demonstrated that synemin is extremely proteolytically labile. Western blot analysis, with monospecific polyclonal antibodies against avian synemin, shows the presence of the reactive 230-kDa synemin band in samples of adult avian skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle and of two reactive bands at approximately 225 kDa (major) and approximately 195 kDa in adult porcine skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Partial purification of synemin from porcine smooth muscle also resulted in fractions highly enriched in the approximately 225- and approximately 195-kDa polypeptides. Conventional immunofluorescence and immunoconfocal microscopy of isolated myofibrils and of frozen sections also demonstrated, for the first time, that synemin is present in all three adult porcine muscle cell types and is colocalized with desmin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells at the myofibrillar Z-lines.
Sterol Efflux to Apolipoprotein A-I Originates from Caveolin-Rich Microdomains and Potentiates PDGF-Dependent Protein Kinase Activity†

The kinetics of sterol efflux from human aortic smooth muscle cells equilibrated with a [(3)H]benzophenone-modified photoactivable free cholesterol analogue ((3)H-FCBP) did not differ significantly from those labeled with free cholesterol ((3)H-FC). Trypsin digestion of caveolin cross-linked by photoactivation of FCBP led to association of radiolabel in a single low molecular weight fraction, indicating relative structural homogeneity of caveolin-bound sterol. These findings were used to investigate the organization of sterols in caveolae and the ability of these domains to transfer sterols to apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major protein of human plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL). During long-term (4-5 h) incubation with apo A-I, caveolin-associated (3)H-FC and (3)H-FCBP decreased, in parallel with an increase in apo A-I-associated sterol. Assay of caveolin-associated labeled sterols indicated that caveolae were a major source of sterol lost from the cells during HDL formation. Short-term changes of sterol distribution in caveolae were assayed using platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). PDGF was without effect on FC efflux in the absence of apo A-I, but when apo A-I was present, PDGF increased FC efflux approximately 3-fold beyond the efflux rate catalyzed by apo A-I alone. At the same time, caveolin-associated FC decreased, and PDGF-dependent protein kinase activity was stimulated. Parallel results were obtained with (3)H-FCBP-equilibrated cells, in which apo A-I potentiated a PDGF-mediated reduction of radiolabel cross-linked to caveolin following photoactivation. These results suggest that sterols within caveolae are mobile and selectively transferred to apo A-I. They also suggest a novel role for sterol efflux in amplifying PDGF-mediated signal transduction.
The Chance for Fertility in Adolescent Boys After Corrective Surgery for Varicocele

AbstractWe estimated the efficacy of a surgical procedure in adolescent patients with varicocele and left testicular atrophy. A total of 25 young men (mean age 23.6 years) had a complete andrological followup for 10 years after successful ligation of the spermatic vein (according to Ivanissevich) to correct left varicocele and testicular atrophy. Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone in the plasma were normal in all cases. Patients were characterized into 2 distinct groups: group A–11 patients with asthenoteratospermia and group B–14 with a normal spermiogram. There was a significant difference between groups A and B in the number of sperm per ejaculate (32 × 106 in A and 234.9 × 106 in B, p less than 0.001). Preoperatively there was no difference between these 2 groups regarding testicular atrophy of the left compared to the right testis (87 percent in A and 86.4 percent in B) and the comparative testicular histology of biopsies since the number of Ad spermatogonia ...
Teaching mental health concepts in the law school.

Law schools are viewed as prime targets for the practice of social or preventive psychiatry. The pivotal role lawyers play in the making of social decisions indicates that their knowledge of the behavioral sciences should be increased. This paper describes some behavioral science concepts that can be taught in law school, as well as several suggested methods for doing so. Material is drawn from the author's experience on two law faculties.
Influence of Inter- and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on Kemp Decarboxylations from QM/MM Simulations

The Kemp decarboxylation reaction for benzisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives has been investigated using QM/MM calculations in protic and dipolar aprotic solvents. Aprotic solvents have been shown to accelerate the rates of reaction by 7−8 orders of magnitude over water; however, the inclusion of an internal hydrogen bond effectively inhibits the reaction with near solvent independence. The effects of solvation and intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the reactants, transition structures, and the rate of reaction are elucidated using two-dimensional potentials of mean force (PMF) derived from free energy perturbation calculations in Monte Carlo simulations (MC/FEP). Free energies of activation in six solvents have been computed to be in close agreement with experiment. Solute−solvent interaction energies show that poorer solvation of the reactant anion in the dipolar aprotic solvents is primarily responsible for the observed rate enhancements over protic media. In addition, a discrepancy for the experi...
After Accolade: time for new laws? (reverse engineering)

The debate concerning reverse engineering, decompilation and intermediate copying of software is reviewed. The effects of the Sega Enterprises vs. Accolade court case on this debate are discussed. It is argued that if computer professionals want to ensure that they will be able to continue to work in an environment that promotes innovation and the sharing of ideas, they must demand clear and well-thought-out intellectual-property laws for software and a judicial system capable of handling complex technical cases. They must also take an active role in the development of the laws under which they must work. Representative arguments from both side of the issue are presented in the form of selected quotes. >
Indentation crack initiation in ion-exchanged aluminosilicate glass

The threshold load for crack initiation resulting from Vickers indentation is investigated in chemically tempered aluminosilicate glass. Aluminosilicate glass was ion-exchanged in a potassium nitrate salt bath at temperatures of 380, 400, and 420°C for times ranging from two to sixty minutes. The ion-exchange profiles were investigated using an electron microprobe, and the diffusion coefficients and activation energy for ion-exchange elucidated. Residual stresses were not measured directly, but were estimated using an indentation fracture analysis. A physically-based fracture model is developed to describe the threshold indentation load data. From kinetic and indentation threshold models, predictions of crack initiation thresholds are made over a wide range of ion-exchange conditions.
Long-term results after CO2 laser skin resurfacing: a comparison of scanned and pulsed systems

Abstract Background: New laser technology permits the use of high-energy pulsed and continuous-wave carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) lasers with flashscanners to treat rhytides. Objective: We compared the efficacy and side effects of the two leading CO 2 lasers used in skin resurfacing. Methods: A total of 28 patients with facial rhytides were treated with either the UltraPulse or SilkTouch laser systems; in five additional patients, contralateral cosmetic units were treated with one system or the other in a direct comparison of the lasers. Results: We compared photographs taken before and after treatment, and a lessening of facial wrinkling was noted in all subjects. In some subjects improvement was confirmed by optical profilometry methods. Biopsy specimens in representative patients showed that immediate thermal damage was limited to 180 μm. Long-term postoperative specimens showed changes in the papillary dermis consistent with new collagen deposition and reduction of pretreatment solar elastosis. Posttreatment facial erythema was noted in half the patients for up to 2 months; transient hyperpigmentation was observed in one third of the treated areas. Conclusion: Although the SilkTouch system produced more immediate thermal damage, there were no significant differences in efficacy or adverse effects between the lasers. Our results suggest that both laser systems, used with appropriate settings, are capable of safely smoothing the skin surface. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:709-18.)
Peroxisome-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase in normal rat liver

We have combined subcellular fractionation and cytochemical staining techniques to study the distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat liver. In addition to confirming the mitochondrial and microsomal localization of aldehyde dehydrogenase, this combined approach has allowed us to demonstrate that peroxisome-like organelles possess significant aldehyde dehydrogenase. When peroxisomal fractions are cytochemically stained for aldehyde dehydrogenase, activity is observed along membranes of structures resembling peroxisomal ghosts. These bodies lack a matrix but many appear to enclose peroxisomal cores. Moderate to dense reaction product is also located in single membrane-limited structures present in fractions containing morphologically recognizable peroxisomes. On occasion, the osmiophilic precipitate is also present in the matrix of intact peroxisomes. The aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in these peroxisome-like organelles prefers aliphatic aldehydes, including acetaldehyde in both millimolar and micromolar concentrations, and NAD. Aromatic aldehydes and NADP are also metabolized, but to a lesser extent. These results indicate that peroxisome-like organelles contain an aldehyde dehydrogenase activity possessing properties compatible with a role in ethanol metabolism.
Novels as a Source for Heuristics about Interpersonal Communication.

This paper reports on a study that raised the question whether examining interpersonal communication as depicted in novels might suggest subtle possibilities useful in the study of real life case histories, biographies, and oral histories. The method of analysis will be explained, followed by the heuristic propositions based on the analysis, and speculations on the propositions.
Party subsidies and the freezing of party competition: Do cartel mechanisms work?

The number of countries offering public subsidies to political parties has vastly increased in recent decades, but there have been few attempts to assess how these subsidies affect political competition. Expectations about their likely impact vary widely. Some have described subsidies as key devices used by so-called ‘cartel parties’ to buttress their status and exclude new challengers. Others see subsidies as incentives that encourage new party formation and sustain fledgling parties that otherwise might disappear. The research reported here investigates the circumstances under which subsidies seem more likely to play one or the other of these roles by considering the development of party systems and party subsidies in European democracies. It finds little evidence that subsidies freeze out new parties, but there are signs that certain schemes may encourage party fragmentation.
A rapid method for the determination of glycogen content and radioactivity in small quantities of tissue or isolated hepatocytes

Abstract A method utilizing precipitation on filter paper has been used to isolate glycogen from homogenates of liver or isolated hepatocytes. The procedure requires very small amounts of tissue or cell suspension and is rapid and highly reproducible. Its efficiency and specificity make it very suitable for many studies involving radioactive tracer incorporation into glycogen.
Alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured urinary bladder cancer cells.

Abstract Established cell lines derived from human urinary bladder carcinomas produce heat-stable alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1] which resembles the oncofetal enzyme of HeLa S3. Rat bladder cancer cell lines derived from chemically induced tumors produce heat-labile alkaline phosphatase. Corticosteroids and/or hyperosmolality do not influence the enzyme of rodent cells, but induce increased levels of activity in human cells. The increase is most pronounced when human cells multiply in hyperosmolar medium containing prednisolone. Under these conditions a rise of over 100-fold in specific activity is noted. This synergistic effect, not seen with other cultured heteroploid cells, may represent a specific characteristic of cells derived from human bladder tumors.
Geoengineering and global warming: a strategic perspective

If major emitters fail to mitigate global warming, they may have to resort to geoengineering techniques that deflect sunlight from planet Earth and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In this article, I develop a strategic theory of geoengineering. I emphasize two key features of geoengineering. First, whereas emissions reductions can be mandated now, geoengineering techniques are only available in the future. Second, major powers can unilaterally implement geoengineering projects that may hurt other countries. My game-theoretic analysis demonstrates that unilateral geoengineering presents a difficult governance problem if it produces negative externalities in foreign countries. Interestingly, countries may be tempted to reduce emissions now, so as to prevent a harmful geoengineering race in the future. The theoretical results can help scholars and policymakers understand the relationship between climate mitigation and geoengineering.
Microwave characteristics of ion-implanted bipolar transistors

Abstract The fabrication and analysis of all ion implanted, epitaxial silicon, n-p-n bipolar microwave transistors is discussed. The dopants used to form the emitter and base regions are ion implanted arsenic and boron, respectively. The arsenic was implanted at 150 keV with 1 × 1016/cm2; the boron was implanted at both 50 keV with 8 × 1013/cm2 and 20 keV with 4 × 1013/cm2. Structures with 2 μm emitter widths and 3 μm emitter-base spacings were fabricated and their S-parameters experimentally determined. The experimental maximum oscillation frequency fmax was found to be 6.0 GHz as compared to 6.4 GHz, computed utilizing a T-equivalent circuit and device circuit parameters obtained using known geometry and concentration profiles. A thorough description of the processing sequence used in the fabrication is given.
Recovering vitrified carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) shoots using Bacto-Peptone and its subfractions

Vitrified shoots regenerated from carnation petals (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Scania) were recovered by culturing them in a medium containing 3.0 g/l Bacto-Peptone. Wax structures not found on vitrified shoots developed on the abaxial surface of leaves of recovered shoots and on those of normal leaves. Recovered shoots were rooted and successfully acclimatized while vitrified shoots could not survive the acclimatization process. The Bacto-Peptone solution was fractionated and the efficiency of each fraction for the recovery of vitrification was examined. Only basic, non high molecular fractions whose molecular weight was less than 10,000 were effective.
Oppression and Responsibility: a Wittgensteinian Approach to Social Practices and Moral Theory

Book reviewed: O’Connor, Peg, Oppression and Responsibility: a Wittgensteinian Approach to Social Practices and Moral Theory, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002, 151 pp., ISBN 0-271-02202-7.
An isolated, closed, complex dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the long finger: A unique case

A unique case of an isolated, closed, complex metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint dislocation of the long finger is reported. The deep transverse metacarpal ligaments play an integral role in the stability of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints because of their firm bilateral attachments to the palmar plate. The partial rupture of this ligament during the course of trauma prevents closed reduction. Essential correction consists of incision of the remaining fibers of the ligamentous connection to the palmar plate.
Teaching NeuroImages: Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis

A 62-year-old woman presented with 4 months of neck, shoulder, and hip pain, morning stiffness, and elevated inflammatory markers compatible with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Cervical spine imaging demonstrated ill-defined enhancement in posterior neck soft tissues (figure 1), consistent with interspinous bursitis.1 She reported right-sided headache. Brain magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated narrowing of the anterior branch of the right superficial temporal artery (STA; figure 2). Right STA biopsy showed giant cell arteritis. Giant cell arteritis occurs in 16% to 21% of patients with PMR.2 Color Doppler ultrasound of the left STA obtained while on prednisone showed a hypoechoic halo (figure 3).3
The Interactive Response of Sma Springs which Control the Position of Dampers in Personal Environments

Personal Environments ™ is a Johnson Controls, Inc. system for the control of indoor office environments. In this system, four SMA coiled extension springs interact to control the position of two dampers. Two opposing SMA springs connected to one damper control the percentage of primary conditioned air entering the system, and two opposing SMA springs connected to the second damper control the percentage of room air reentering the system. The interactive operation of the SMA springs is discussed and a model is presented on the interactive response of the SMA springs. The SMA spring transformation temperatures, force - strain relationship, and the experimentally measured interactive response to temperature are presented and discussed.
Use of rodents as models for the study of “normal aging”: Conceptual and practical issues

Certain guidelines may exist for selecting and using rodent models for aging research. These are based, however, on only operational criteria because we presently lack good biomarkers for (or even a suitable definition of) normal aging. Longevity and disease characteristics of the experimental population are the most important of the operational criteria for choosing a particular rodent model. These factors, in turn, are influenced by genetics and by environmental factors, including diet, housing, and physical activity.
High-performance medical image communications via ACTS-HDR

Unique advantages of satellite communication over fiber-optic communication include on- demand linkage and easy access to remote or mobile sites. These advantages are particularly important in life-critical medical services of teleradiology, distributed treatment planning and medical triage support applications. This paper reports on experiments designed to use the supercomputer power, 3D volumetric modeling technology, and NASA ACTS (Advanced Communication Technology Satellite) Ka-band communication to validate the suite of deployable digital radiography technologies for image-based medical triage as well as remote cooperative delivery of health care. The success of the experiments demonstrates that high speed (giga-bit) satellite communication (particularly, ACTS) providing access (via the steerable antenna) to high performance computation and high resolution 3D visualization are not only practical but also crucial for many medical applications, especially for remote regions or moving populations. This demonstration is expected to stimulate new medical services as well as delivery mechanisms that transcend both time and distance barriers. The availability of remote access to supercomputing via high-speed portable connections will have a profound impact on the provision of image-based medical services, and this certainly bears important implications for future PACS development.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Inflammatory bowel disease: Sorting out the treatment options

An increasing array of treatments such as immunosuppressive drugs and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors can offer patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease improved relief from symptoms with fewer adverse effects. Several additional drugs have shown promise, including nicotine, antimicrobials, and heparin.
Association of Phytochrome with Rough-surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum Fractions from Soybean Hypocotyls.

Distribution of phytochrome (as Pfr) among membranes from soybean hypocotyls (Glycine max L. cv. Wayne) was determined by the combined techniques of cell fractionation, difference spectrometry, and electron microscopic morphometry. More than 90% of the phytochrome was found in the soluble fraction. With homogenates prepared in the presence or absence of Mg2+, the portion associated with membrane was only 6.5% and 1%, respectively. In the presence of Mg2+, the content of particulate phytochrome correlated with the amount of endoplasmic reticulum with attached ribosomes in the fractions but not with mitochondria or other membranes (including endoplasmic reticulum membranes from which the ribosomes may have been lost during cell fractionation). In the absence of Mg2+, phytochrome was associated with a “heavy” plasma membrane fraction. The phytochrome content was sufficiently low to be accounted for by a contamination of less than 10% by rough-surfaced fragments of endoplasmic reticulum. The findings show association of phytochrome with a particulate fraction enriched in rough-surfaced fragments of endoplasmic reticulum but do not rule out cosedimentation of some unknown or unspecific phytochrome aggregate with this fraction.
The partial replacement of the serum growth factor requirement of SV3T3 cells by lactalbumin hydrolyzate

Lactalbumin hydrolyzate (LH), a commercially prepared, enzymatic digest of a milk protein fraction, can partially replace the serum requirement of SV3T3 cells. In a low, but obligatory, background of calf serum (0.15% v/v), LH causes a large increase in the final cell density (5–10 x over the control) while modestly stimulating the actual growth rate. Lactalbumin hydrolyzate does not contain survival activity for SV3T3 cells and does not affect the growth of 3T3 cells. Since even prolonged exposure to pH 4 or 2 results in complete abolishment of the growth-rate stimulatory capability without affecting the capacity to increase the final cell density, it is possible that the LH growth activity may consist of two dissociable components. All of LH growth activity is water soluble, autoclavable, and resists proteolytic treatment. On Sephadex G15 growth activity appears as a single peak at the void volume but on G25 it is retained beyond the void volume as a broad, skewed peak. The relevant molecular weight range lies between 1,500 and 4,000. The putative low pH resistant material is strongly adsorbed to Dowex 1 × 2 and can be displaced from the column by a reduction in the pH. A comparison of the properties of the LH factors with those of known growth promoting agents isolated from serum and various enzymatic digests indicates that these new factors do not correspond to any of these agents.
Living with a child with fetal alcohol syndrome.

Purpose To describe the experiences of foster parents who are living with a child diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Design and method A qualitative approach was selected due to the paucity of knowledge on the topic. Eight foster mothers living with children with FAS were studied. These foster parents had parented a collective total of 17 children with FAS, ranging between the ages of 2 and 16. Each in-depth interview was unstructured and consisted of open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results Foster parents described many difficult issues needing attention in children with FAS. Cognitive concerns included diminished memory/comprehension, lack of understanding of consequences, and the absence of fear. Behavioral management was a problem due to the frequent occurrence of hyperactivity, aggressiveness, destructiveness, and high pain tolerance. Parents also described problems in coping with daily realities of life with a child with FAS including the necessity of providing consistency, coping strategies, and fears for the child's future. Clinical implications Nurses need to understand the complex problems that face affected children and their families. Understanding the daily realities of living with children with FAS allows nurses to realistically assess childrens' abilities, maximize their development, and provide for their needs more effectively, as well as assisting families to cope with the behavior and cognitive issues so apparent in children with FAS.
Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with Guglielmi Detachable Coils: emphasis on new techniques.

Endovascular therapy for intracranial aneurysms has evolved since Serbinenko pioneered embolisation with latex balloons in the 1970s. The focus of modern endovascular therapy has shifted to the use of Guglielmi Detachable Coils (GDC; Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA, USA) which are retrievable until the operator is satisfied with placement and they are detached. GDC therapy has been shown to be most efficacious in smaller aneurysms with relatively large dome:neck ratios which allow maximal coil packing within the aneurysm lumen. Wide neck aneurysms with dome:neck ratios of less than 2.0 and large aneurysms have a significantly lower incidence of complete treatment, with higher rates of repeat rupture following GDC therapy. The geometry of wide neck aneurysms is less favourable for retention of coils within the aneurysm lumen, resulting in greater risk of parent vessel compromise from coil herniation and difficulty obtaining maximal coil packing. This chapter will summarise GDC therapy for intracranial aneurysms including newer techniques designed to address the problem of wide neck aneurysms.
Secretion patterns of circulating osteoprotegerin and response to acute and chronic energy deprivation in young healthy adults.

Introduction: Osteoprotegerin (OPGN) is a bone-remodeling marker that is associated with various metabolic and vascular complications. Cross-sectional studies in humans have demonstrated an inverse association between leptin, a marker of energy sufficiency, and OPGN. The physiology of OPGN has not been fully elucidated to date. We thus aim to elucidate 1) whether OPGN levels exhibit any gender dimorphism or day/night secretion pattern; and 2) whether there is any effect of acute and/or chronic energy deprivation on its circulating levels and whether such effects are mediated through leptin. Materials and Methods: Study A: To evaluate OPGN secretion patterns and OPGN response to acute energy deprivation, we studied 12 healthy subjects under three different conditions for 72 h—in the isocaloric fed state, and during a fasting state with administration of either placebo or metreleptin in replacement doses. Blood samples were obtained every 15 min and pooled hourly during the last 24 h of the study. Study B: ...
Robust stabilizing control laws for a class of second-order switched systems

Abstract For a class of second-order switched systems consisting of two linear time-invariant (LTI) subsystems, we show that the so-called conic switching law proposed previously by the present authors is robust, not only in the sense that the control law is flexible (to be explained further), but also in the sense that the Lyapunov stability (resp., Lagrange stability) properties of the switched system are preserved in the presence of certain kinds of vanishing perturbations (resp., nonvanishing perturbations). The analysis is possible since the conic switching laws always possess certain kinds of “quasi-periodic switching operations”. We also propose for a class of nonlinear second-order switched systems with time-invariant subsystems a switching control law which locally exponentially stabilizes the entire nonlinear switched system, provided that the conic switching law exponentially stabilizes the linearized switched systems (consisting of the linearization of each nonlinear subsystem). This switched control law is robust in the sense mentioned above.
STUDIES IN THE RELATION OF THE HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS TO RHEUMATIC FEVER : III. COMPLEMENT FIXATION VERSUS STREPTOCOCCAL NUCLEOPROTEINS WITH THE SERA OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC FEVER AND OTHERS.

Complement-fixing antibodies to the cytoplasmic particles (CP) and to the S fraction of streptococcal nucleoproteins are present in normal human sera, the range of concentrations varying among the age groups. The titer of these antibodies rises between the first half-week and the 3rd week of scarlet fever, in more than 80 per cent of the cases. The titers then remain elevated for at least 4 months. In children, 91 per cent of the normal sera examined showed anti-CP titers up to 32; 87 per cent of sera in active rheumatic disease had titers above this level. Corresponding data with S fell in the same range of percentage distribution. Anti-CP and anti-S titers remained elevated long after the rheumatic process had reached quiescence. No correlation of serologic titer with the degree of clinical activity was found in the case of either antibody.
Imaging single atoms in a three-dimensional array

Asingle neutral atom trapped by light is a promising qubit. It has weak, well-understood interactions with the environment, its internal state can be precisely manipulated1, interactions that entangle atoms can be varied from negligible to strong2,3,4 and many single atoms can be trapped near each other in an optical lattice5. This collection of features would allow for a relatively large quantum computer6 if each neutral atom qubit could be independently detected and addressed7,8,9,10. A quantum computer with even 50 qubits would allow quantum simulations that are out of the reach of classical computers11,12. So far, fewer than ten single atoms have been simultaneously imaged13. Here we demonstrate trapping and imaging of 250 single atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice and show that imaging is highly unlikely to change the pattern of site occupancy. Our lattice spacing is large enough that, in principle, individual atoms can be addressed, which in combination with reproducible imaging should allow for verifiable filling of vacancies, execution of site-specific quantum gates and measurement of each atom’s final quantum state14,15. The lattice we use can readily be scaled to include thousands of trapped atoms.
Synthesis and in vivo imaging of a 18F-labeled PARP1 inhibitor using a chemically orthogonal scavenger-assisted high-performance method.

Pedal to the metal: Using inverse Diels-Alder catalyst free TCO/Tz cycloadditions, we were able to quickly and selectively generate an 18F-labeled AZD2281-derivative from multiple different scaffolds (A–E). Excess cold material was removed within minutes using a TCO scavenger resin. This protocol allows the parallel synthesis of a library of potential PET imaging agents in a short time, increasing the efficiency of lead compound detection. The novel PET probe was successfully tested in biological assays and its potency and targeted accumulation was confirmed in vivo.
Seizures and encephalopathy

There is a complex relationship between seizures and encephalopathy. Seizures alone without any underlying neurologic or medical illness can be the sole cause of encephalopathy. Often these patients have a history of epilepsy, in which case accurate diagnosis is straightforward. Acute neurologic conditions often contribute to encephalopathy, but also increase the risk of seizures--many of which are subclinical. In these scenarios, it can be difficult to determine whether the encephalopathy is caused by seizures, the underlying neurologic disorder, or both. In addition, systemic diseases are commonly associated with encephalopathy; they may also increase the risk of seizures, although less commonly than acute neurologic conditions, and therefore may go unrecognized. This review will examine common and uncommon causes of seizures in encephalopathic patients, typical clinical presentations as well as diagnosis and treatment.
Library as a Verb: Technological Change and the Obsolescence of Place in Research

In recent years, it has become almost routine to speculate on the obsolescence or perseverance of the library. These speculations usually conflate the institution of the library with its physical location. This essay presents an overview of existing opinions on whether libraries will persevere, shows how changes in technology and the research process affect the concept of the library, and ultimately argues that the library may be better viewed as a process than as a place. Originally given in presentation form at the 8th Annual Conference of Technology, Knowledge, and Society in 2012, this paper is printed in the Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline as an invited essay.
A Taxonomy of Suburban Office Clusters : The Case of Toronto

Metropolitan plans are commonly based on a system of suburban office clusters. The large variation among recent plans suggests a poor understanding of their nature and impacts. A taxonomy of office clusters could provide a necessary framework. Six hypotheses on the type, frequency, location, employment base and travel characteristics of suburban clusters were tested in a case-study of the Toronto region. Six physical types were identified and found to be associated with certain locations, employment activities and travel mode characteristics. The Toronto metropolitan plan was found to be successful when it conformed with these findings and unsuccessful when it did not. The results lead to provisional guidelines for future metropolitan plans.
Three-dimensional stability of vortex arrays

The stability to three-dimensional disturbances of three classical steady vortex configurations in an incompressible inviscid fluid is studied in the limit of small vortex cross-sectional area and long axial disturbance wavelength. The configurations examined are the single infinite vortex row, the Karman vortex street of staggered vortices and the symmetric vortex street. It is shown that the single row is most unstable to a two-dimensional disturbance, while the Karman vortex street is most unstable to a three-dimensional disturbance over a significant range of street spacing ratios. The symmetric vortex street is found to be most unstable to three-dimensional or two-dimensional symmetric disturbances depending on the spacing ratio of the street. Short remarks are made concerning the relevance of the calculations to the observed instabilities in free shear layer, wake and boundary-layer type flows.
A Vanishing Piece of the Pi: The Globalization of Visual Effects Labor

Digital visual effects (VFX) now comprise one-third of total production spending on major feature film releases. They also are a significant and growing component of production budgets for television programming and commercials. Yet, despite the rising status of VFX, this sector of the media business has been in turmoil for over a decade, a situation made palpable by recurring waves of bankruptcies and layoffs, most notably including Rhythm & Hues, the company that scored the 2013 Oscar for VFX in Life of Pi. This essay analyzes the increasingly globalized mode of production in the VFX industry. We critically examine the specific practices and protocols of the VFX business, demonstrating their impact on workers and labor-organizing efforts. Tying together insights from political economy, creative economy, and production studies, the essay offers a middle-range analysis that connects specific local labor conditions to broader trends in the media industries.
Boxers, Briefs or Bras? Bodies, Gender and Change in the Boxing Gym

In this ethnography of Full Contact, a San Francisco Bay Area boxing gym, I use Bourdieu’s theory of practice to illustrate how ‘rules of the game’ shape people’s perceptions, interactions and posi...
Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced pro-fibrotic activities by circadian clock gene BMAL1

BMAL1 is a transcriptional activator of the molecular clock feedback network. Besides its role in generating circadian rhythms, it has also been shown to be involved in the modulation of cell proliferation, autophagy and cancer cell invasion. However, the role of BMAL1 in pulmonary fibrogenesis is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between BMAL1 and the signaling transduction and cellular activities of TGF-β1, a key player in lung fibrogenesis. Lungs from wild type and TGF-β1-adenovirus-infected mice were harvested and homogenized for isolation of RNA and protein. RT-PCR and Western Blotting were employed to measure the expression level of clock genes and TGF-β1-induced downstream target genes. siRNA against human BMAL1 gene was transfected by using lipofectamine RNAiMAX to knockdown the endogenous BMAL1 in both lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Our results showed that TGF-β1 is able to up-regulate BMAL1 expression in both lung epithelial cells and normal lung fibroblasts. In animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, BMAL1 expression was also significantly higher in adenovirus-TGF-β1-infected mice than in the control group. Interestingly, BMAL1 was mostly found in a deacetylated form in the presence of TGF-β1. Importantly, siRNA–mediated knockdown of BMAL1 significantly attenuated the canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway and altered TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMP9 production in lung epithelial cells. In addition, BMAL1 knockdown inhibited the fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation of normal human lung fibroblasts. Our results indicate that activation of TGF-β1 promotes the transcriptional induction of BMAL1. Furthermore, BMAL1 is required for the TGF-β1-induced signaling transduction and pro-fibrotic activities in the lung.
Family health education and its place in the training of student aviators: a method.

Abstract : Flight Surgeons are often poorly understood; and their real missions are not realized by military aviation students and their families. The flight surgeon, because of his prominent position in selection and retention of the student aviator, may represent a threat to the aviator's career. The Army Aviation Training Program is rapidly expanding. Formal student-flight surgeon was realized by the Department of Aeromedical Education and Training, Army Aviation School, Fort Rucker, Alabama. A method of health education discussions with the wives of student aviators was developed. The aims of the discussions were twofold. In the first place, improving the image of the flight surgeon by early and informal contact and enlisting the help of the wives in the care of their husbands as part of the flight surgeon's mission, and the presentation of a number of vital aviation topics pertinent to the health and safety of the husband-aviators.
Nanomechanical Measurements in Harsh Environments

This collection of papers focuses on ‘‘Nanomechanical Measurements in Harsh Environments’’ in science and research, as well as on emerging engineering applications. The importance of probing local mechanical properties in the intended environment, be it high temperature, radiation, or corrosive, is outlined in a number of studies in this topic. Several outstanding publications are presented from a range of international scientists discussing how these difficult measurements are carried out. These publications can foster new knowledge in this area of research. How materials react to extreme temperatures is of particular interest. S. Bigl discusses how amorphous silicon dioxide films used as dielectric layers in microelectronic devices have seen crack formation due to hydrogen and nitrogen being incorporated into the films at the annealing temperature of
New Approaches in Nuclear Medicine for Thyroid Cancer

In 1899, Charles Duell, Director of the United States Patent office, stated: “Everything that can be invented has been invented.” In terms of a complete listing of specific potential advances in nuclear medicine, I am certain to miss the target as much as Mr. Duell did, but I will not miss the target regarding the general potential for advancements in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. In Chapter 12, Henry Wagner quoted the president and CEO of General Electric Medical, Joseph M. Hogan, who stated, “In the years to come, we envision a health care system that uses molecular medicine to diagnose and treat patients before symptoms appear and treatments that are tailored to an individual based on his or her genetic makeup.” Indeed, molecular approaches to medicine are being applied now and will be an important part of the future, and nuclear medicine using radiotracers will play a major role in molecular medicine.
Metabolic demethylation of 3, 5, 5-trimethyl-2, 4-oxazolidinedione (trimethadione, tridione).

Summary3,5,5-Trimethyl-2.4-oxazolidine-dione (trimethadione, Tridione) is demethylated by the dog to yield 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione. This metabolic product has been isolated from urine and identified.
Vision status of primary and middle school students in Nanchang district of Wuxi City from 2009-2011

[Objective] To understand the status of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in Nanchang District of Wuxi City from 2009-2011,provide a basis for further implementation of vision prevention in adolescents,find out the influencing factors,and develop the preventive strategies.[Methods]The field visual inspection was conducted in students from 15 primary schools and 4 secondary schools in Nanchang District.The visual acuity of left and right eye of students was respectively detected by standardized logarithmic visual light box.[Results] A total of 50 054 students were investigated during 2009-2011,the incidence rate of poor eyesight was 38.47%,and the annual incidence rate was 39.07%,38.26% and 38.08%,respectively.The incidence rate of poor eyesight increased with increasing grade,and there was significant difference in the incidence of poor eyesight among different grades.[Conclusion]The vision status of primary and middle school students Nanchang District is not optimistic.The related departments should improve the schoolhouse hardware and learning environment,strengthen the education of visual acuity protection,and provide the effective and safe measures of prevention and treatment,in order to effectively control the occurrence and development of myopia.
Numerical study on J-integral of HR3C heating surface with micro-cracks for ultra supercritical boilers

By applying the finite element software ANSYS,numerical simulation on J-integral, stress and strain on HR3Cheating surface with radial cracks for ultra supercritical boilers was conducted,at different temperatures and pressures.Moreover,the area of plastic region was estimated,according to distribution of plastic strain occurred within the crack tip area.Finally,by defining four different integral loops at the crack tip,the J-integral values were calculated.The results show that,the stress mutation occurred at the crack tip and was easy to yield;the area of the crack tip plastic zone belonged to the same level as the feature size of the crack zone;both the pressure and temperature had effects on the fracture parameter J,and the pressure had a more great one.
G proteins mediate suppression of Ca2+-activated K current by acetylcholine in smooth muscle cells.

The role of G proteins in cholinergic suppression of Ca2+-activated K current was studied in isolated canine colonic myocytes with the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. Acetylcholine (ACh; 10.0 microM) caused a 64 +/- 2.4% depression in the Ca2+-dependent component of the outward current evoked at potentials between -45 and -15 mV when GTP (0.1 microM) was included in the pipette-filling solution. This effect was reversed within 2-4 min on washout of ACh. Without GTP in the filling solution, ACh caused a 15 +/- 2.5% depression in outward current in 60% of the cells tested. When the non-hydrolyzable GTP analogues, GTP gamma S (0.1 mM) or 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (GppNHp; 0.1 mM) were used, the decrease in outward current was greater (85 +/- 4.2 and 78 +/- 6.5%, respectively), and it was not reversed on withdrawal of ACh. Dialysis of the cell interior with pipette solution containing pertussis toxin (1 ng/ml) for 30 min had no effect on the whole cell currents evoked on depolarization, but it abolished...
Hollow Earth Fiction and Environmental Form in the Late Nineteenth Century

When the ill-fated Arthur Gordon Pym, hero of Edgar Allen Poe’s 1838 text The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, sails from the temperate Antarctic island of Tsalal into the polar sea tow...
The World as a Marsh: Dystopia and Utopia in Edoardo Sanguineti

This chapter examines the poetry of Edoardo Sanguineti whose first book, Laborintus, represents one of the first expressions of the Italian New Avant-garde movement. In order to defeat neocapitalism, depicted as a dystopian postnuclear marsh, Sanguineti decides to destroy the traditional literary language, too compromised with the bourgeois ideology and therefore unable to convey utopian contents. Starting from his next book, Purgatorio de l’Inferno, Sanguineti claims victory on the marsh and adopts a less experimental style, but this does not mean that utopia has been finally achieved. In fact, Sanguineti’s utopia is deeply connected to socialism, therefore it collapses after the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
Online co-training in mobile ocular biometric recognition

Number of co-training based adaptation schemes have been proposed to address the issue of biometric template representativeness to the intra-class variation in changing environments. However, adaptation schemes for mobile environments remain limited. This is because mobile devices require online labeled data and efficient template management strategy due to limited hardware resources. The aim of this paper is to propose an online co-training scheme for mobile ocular biometrics. Experimental investigations on large scale VISOB dataset suggest a reduction in the Equal Error Rate (EER) of about 25.9% on adaptation due to co-training for ocular biometrics in mobile environment.