cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A regulamentação da fase de planeamento da contratação publica: reflexões sobre o regime legal e as orientações do direito europeu (The Regulation of the Planning Phase of Public Procurement: Reflections on the Legal Regime and Guidelines of European Law)

Spanish Abstract: Neste artigo, procura-se delimitar a relevância juridica que a fase de planeamento possui para a prossecucao dos objetivos do direito europeu da contratacao publica e, a essa luz, analisar as normas constantes das Diretivas de contratacao publica que se dirigem expressamente a fase de planeamento, em particular o regime dos anuncios de pre-informacao e das consultas preliminares ao mercado. Nesta analise, sao tambem consideradas algumas orientacoes resultantes de instrumentos de soft law sobre a forma de processamento desta fase pelas entidades adjudicantes. A final, conclui-se que a abordagem europeia quanto a regulamentacao da fase de planeamento nao parece ser suficiente para potenciar os efeitos positivos que um efetivo planeamento pode ter nas restantes fases da contratacao publica. English Abstract: This paper seeks to highlight the impact of planning on achieving the main purposes of the European Directives on public procurement, and to examine their rules pertaining to the planning phase and preliminary information notices and market consultations. It also examines some of the guidelines on key aspects to consider when undertaking the planning phase. This research argues that the European regulatory approach to the planning phase is insufficient to enhance the positive impacts that effective planning may have on the outcome of public procurement.
A case study demonstrating the benefit of extending the field of view in I-131 whole-body post ablation thyroid scintigraphy.

2802 Objectives The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging procedure guidelines offer two options for post ablation imaging, one in which the field of view (FOV) is terminated at mid-femur and the other which prescribes whole-body (WB) imaging from scalp to toes. Many hospitals adopt the former protocol due to the infrequency of distant metastatic spread which increases the potential for missing rare but life threatening metastases. The purpose of this paper is to review the benefit of extending the FOV in post ablation imaging and if the procedure guidelines should be modified as a standard treatment for all thyroid cancer patients. Extending the FOV would not contribute any additional radiation exposure to the patient and added scanning time would be negligible considering potential benefits. Methods A case study was reviewed of a 34 year old male who underwent I-131 post ablation thyroid scintigraphy during treatment for papillary cell carcinoma following total thyroidectomy. A capsule of 104.9 mCi of I-131 was administered orally. Five days later images were acquired which revealed a suspicious area of increased uptake on the lower right leg seen due to the extended FOV. Whole-body images and spot views were repeated to rule out contamination or artifact. SPECT/CT imaging confirmed the area of focal uptake corresponded to the bone marrow of the right tibial proximal diaphysis and was highly suspicious for osseous metastasis. Several journal articles were also reviewed pertaining to thyroid cancer, distant metastases, and post ablation scintigraphy. Results Although patients with thyroid cancer generally have an excellent prognosis, those with distant metastases have a less fortunate outlook. Most often thyroid cancer metastasizes to the lungs; distant metastasis is described as extrapulmonary metastasis to a location far from the primary tumor site. The five year survival rate for thyroid cancer is nearly 98%, with most surviving longer (1). Even if detected early and managed properly, this rate decreases to 43% with a diagnosis of distant metastasis (2, 3). Only 4% of patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma present initially with distant metastasis, making it extremely important to survey the whole-body considering spread to distant organs is more likely to be found in post treatment follow-up than at initial presentation (2). Conclusions There is no way of knowing how many distant metastases have been missed due to the limited FOV in this protocol, however these findings can drastically influence treatment plans and therefore survival rates for such patients. The protocol should be modified as a standard treatment for all thyroid cancer patients to survey the entire body because the patient would not be exposed to additional radiation by extending the FOV.
The Measured Genotype Approach to Ecological Genetics

Evolution, in its most basic sense, is a change in the frequencies of alleles or gametic complexes over space and time. Because evolution is a genetic process, it is not surprising that advances in the science of genetics, and recombinant DNA techniques in particular, are having a major impact on evolutionary biology. The most immediate impact is in the areas of molecular evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction, but in this chapter we will show that recombinant DNA technology can also be applied to the area of ecological genetics; a subdiscipline of evolutionary biology that at first glance seems far removed from molecular genetics.
An Enhanced Communication Protocol for Anonymity and Location Privacy in WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of many sensors working as hosts. These sensors can sense a phenomenon and represent it in a form of data. There are many applications for WSNs such as object tracking and monitoring where the objects need protection. Providing an efficient location privacy solution would be challenging to achieve due to the exposed nature of the WSN. The communication protocol needs to provide location privacy measured by anonymity, observability, capture- likelihood and safety period. We extend this work to allow for countermeasures against semi-global and global adversaries. We present a network model that is protected against a sophisticated passive and active attacks using local, semi-global, and global adversaries. Keywords—WSN; anonymity; privacy; source location privacy; sink privacy; contextual privacy
Instrumental social support and women's body composition in El Alto, Bolivia.

Instrumental social support, or aid in the form of labor or money, may exert a positive influence on economic welfare and food security. Several investigators have found a positive relationship between social support and nutritional status, while others have found a negative association between social support and central adiposity. In the rural Andes, extra-household economic cooperation has long been an important adaptive strategy, and the breakdown of these relationships is one reason for high rates of rural-to-urban migration, including to the Bolivian city of El Alto. This research investigates the influence of instrumental support on women's body composition. Information was collected on individual perception of instrumental support and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status including percent body fat (bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)), BMI, and distribution of fat on trunk relative to limbs (Ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfold (STR)), and multiple linear regression analysis used to test the prediction that instrumental social support is positively related to body fat stores. Controlling for age and household socioeconomic status, perceived access to one or more sources of instrumental support was positively and significantly related to overall levels of adiposity. There is no evidence that STR mediates the relationship between instrumental social support and body composition. This analysis offers support for the prediction that economic social support has direct effects on women's energy stores. The interpretation of these results is somewhat ambiguous given the high levels of overweight and obesity in this population. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:51–57, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbiological and Physical Properties of Salt Marsh and Microecosystem Sediments

Abstract Sediments from natural marsh and four microecosystem (MES) tanks were compared with reference to ATP, carbon content, and physical properties. Mean values for bacterial numbers and ATP were about twice as high in the MES, carbon content was slightly higher in the artificial systems, and the sediment of the MES was enriched for larger grain sizes and depleted of silt and clay. In the natural marsh sediment, ATP was strongly related (Pearson's correlation coefficient) to granulometric (or physical) factors, whereas ATP was related to biological factors in the MES. Approximately 61% of the variation in ATP concentrations in the marsh sediments could be accounted for by the parameters measured. Only half that amount could be explained on the basis of those same variables in the MES. Furthermore, one of the four tanks was significantly different from the other three in terms of ATP concentration, and an anomaly in respect to silt-clay content was demonstrated in another. Careful control and some type of equilibrating procedure will be necessary before the MES can be employed as replicate units.
Minimalist mobile robotics: a colony-style architecture for an artificial creature

Foreword Preface 1. Introduction 1.1 The Task 1.2 Animal Stories 1.3 Design Principles 1.4 Contributions 1.5 Roadmap 2. Architecture 2.1 What we Use 2.2 The Subsumption Architecture 2.3 The Multiprocessor Implementation 2.4 Related Architectures 3. Manipulation 3.1 Hardware 3.2 Sensors 3.3 Controlling the Hand 3.4 Controlling the Arm Locally 3.5 Controlling the Arm Globally 3.6 Controlling the Base 3.7 Experiments 4. Vision 4.1 Hardware 4.2 Image Processing 4.3 Visual Guidance 4.4 Experiments 5. Navigation 5.1 Sensors 5.2 Tactical Navigation 5.3 Strategic Navigation 5.4 Experiments 6. Discussion 6.1 Spatial Representation 6.2 Distributed Systems 6.3 Limitations 6.4 Extending Arbitration 6.5 Learning 6.6 Conclusion Bibliography Index
‘Let ‘em Play’: A Study in the Jurisprudence of Sports

Serena Williams was eliminated in the semifinals of last year’s U.S. Open when, having lost the first set and down 5-6 in the second, she was called for a second-serve foot fault that made it match point for Belgium’s Kim Clijsters. Williams’s explosive and profanity-laced protest of the call incurred a mandatory one-point penalty that gave Clijsters the match. Although nobody defended Williams’s outburst, professional commentators and ordinary fans did debate whether a foot fault should have been called, with many maintaining that the sport’s rules should be enforced less strictly given the critical juncture in the match, and others objecting that such a practice would violate what might fairly be described as basic rule of law principles.Although the ending to the Williams-Clijsters match was unusually dramatic, the question it raises arises frequently in the world of sports. Many fans of basketball, football and hockey, for example, routinely urge the officials to “let ‘em play” or to “swallow the whistles” in crunch time, while other observers wonder how such a practice could possibly be justified.This essay explores whether it can be. In doing so, it draws on a wealth of popular, legal, and philosophical materials – the common sayings “no harm, no foul” and “it cost us the game”; the material breach doctrine from contract law and tort law’s “lost chance” doctrine; the mystery of objective singular probabilities and the Hartian distinction between duty-imposing and power-conferring rules; and much more. Its ambition is not merely to resolve this single – surprisingly deep and rich puzzle – but to birth a new field of sustained jurisprudential and legal-comparative study: the field of sports and law.
In the Midst of Chaos: Caring for Children as Spiritual Practice. By Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore

Unlike previous volumes in The Practices of Faith Series, Bonnie Miller-McLemore's In the Midst of Chaos does not focus on a specific practice, but rather on a constellation of practices through wh...
Interval Graphs with Containment Restrictions

An interval graph is proper iff it has a representation in which no interval contains another. Fred Roberts characterized the proper interval graphs as those containing no induced star $K_{1,3}$. Proskurowski and Telle have studied $q$-proper graphs, which are interval graphs having a representation in which no interval is properly contained in more than $q$ other intervals. Like Roberts they found that their classes of graphs where characterized, each by a single minimal forbidden subgraph. This paper initiates the study of $p$-improper interval graphs where no interval contains more than $p$ other intervals. This paper will focus on a special case of $p$-improper interval graphs for which the minimal forbidden subgraphs are readily described. Even in this case, it is apparent that a very wide variety of minimal forbidden subgraphs are possible.
Estimation of plume distribution for carbon sequestration using parameter estimation with limited monitoring data

[1] This study develops and evaluates an integrated methodology including parameter zonation, efficient global optimization, and multiple aquifer realizations that gives a useful forecast of the pressure distribution and the CO2 plume migration through a heterogeneous storage formation, over time, using only a few monitoring locations in a feasibly short amount of computing time, while dealing with data error. Geological characteristics of the example application are similar to a CO2 sequestration pilot test conducted in a fluvial-deltaic geological setting. In the example, the CO2 injection problem is simulated with the TOUGH2 code, a numerical simulator for multiphase (gas and aqueous), multicomponent flow and transport. The inverse problem is difficult because the GCS optimization estimation problem has multiple local minima and the simulation is computationally expensive. The efficient surrogate response surface global optimization algorithm “Stochastic RBF” (stochastic radial basis function) is used to calibrate the model parameters. Results are averaged over three saline aquifer realizations. In the third numerical experiment using only pressure data, the CO2 plume could be determined with an average correlation coefficient compared to the actual plume of up to R2 = 0.916 (for current plume at t = 1.5 years) and average R2 = 0.80 (for forecasted plume estimated at t = 7.5 years years, using only the first 1.5 years of monitoring data). Adding gas saturation data improved the 6 year forecast somewhat (increasing average R2 = 0.85) but it was not significantly helpful in estimating the current plume. Both our inverse methodology and findings can be broadly applicable to GCS in heterogeneous sedimentary formations.
Robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery; a useful tool in resident training--the Peoria experience, 2002-2009.

Background The purpose of this study was to review the use of robotic-assisted general surgery at our institution. We evaluated the 8 year experience of one minimally invasive surgery (MIS) fellowship-trained surgeon in Peoria, IL, performing 240 cases of foregut, colon, solid organ and biliary surgery using the da Vinci system, with resident assistance. Foregut and colon procedures are the fifth and sixth most commonly performed procedures of the senior author annually. Methods An IRB-approved retrospective review of prospectively collected data representing 124 foregut and 102 colon operations was performed. Data analysed were procedure performed and indications for surgery, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), estimated blood loss (EBL), port set-up time (PST), robot operating time (ROT), total case time (TCT), length of stay (LOS), complications, conversions and resident involvement were recorded. Fourteen cases were excluded from the data review. Statistical analysis using the ANOVA test was applied. A specific review of resident participation was performed. Results Times for 226 foregut and colon cases were: PST 31.2 ± 9.4 (range 10–64) min, ROT 119.3 ± 41.5 (range 12–306) min, and TCT 194.8 ± 50.3 (range 50–380) min. The EBL was 48.6 ± 55.0 (range 5–500) ml, BMI 28.5 ± 4.7 (range 15.4–46.8) kg/m2, and median LOS 2.0 (range 0–27) days. The overall complication rate was 13.3%. No deaths occurred. Over the 8 year study period the number of cases participated in by residents was 0, 16, 22, 15, 29, 26, 28 and 10 (as of June 2009), respectively. Conclusion This series demonstrates the technical feasibility and safety of robotic surgery for the foregut and colon in a clinical setting where the surgeon does far more of other types of MIS. This series compares favorably with the literature. Incorporation of robotic training in the curriculum has allowed residents to learn robotic techniques in an effective manner. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One-dimensional narrow-band model for heavy fermions and resonating valence bonds.

Dans ce modele les electrons sur les sites de proche voisinage interagissent via une interaction de charge et un echange de spin. On construit une solution exacte asymptotique dans la limite de densite electronique faible pour des parametres de couplage deviant de la symetrie SU (3)
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves in the kidney

Nerve fibers immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in the dog and rat kidney. They were seen in association with the renal artery and its branches. In the dog, VIP-immunoreactive fibers were rarely seen close to small blood vessels suggestive of arterioles. The possible existence of neuroeffector junctions between VIP-positive fibers and renin-secreting juxtaglomerular cells requires further investigation. VIP-positive renal nerves, however, might have a vasodilatatory role.
Chronic kidney disease staging in nursing home and community older adults: does the choice of cockcroft-gault, modification of diet in renal disease study, or the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration initiative equations matter?

Abstract Objective To compare the chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages derived from GFR estimates using 3 different formulae in a sample of older adults from the community and long term care settings. Participants Data from 1535 older, hospitalized patients (2000–2008) were collected; individuals were hospitalized for acute illness unrelated to renal function. Measurements Patient demographics, pertinent medical history, and routine laboratory test results were collected. Estimate of glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance values were determined by the Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations. Results The Cockcroft-Gault equation generated significantly lower mean estimate of glomerular filtration rate values than either Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study or Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations in the total sample (P Conclusions The Cockcroft-Gault equation systematically provides lower (more severe) estimates of renal function than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation in patients older than 70 years. However, significant differences in CKD staging derived from estimate of glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance were not observed in adults from 59 to 69 years of age. These findings do not validate one formula over the others, but demonstrate that disparities exist; it may be prudent to use the same formula over time in a given patient to monitor changes in renal function.
Insulin pump dosing across gestation in women with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective We hypothesized that bolus and basal insulin doses in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus who use insulin pumps would increase 2-fold to maintain hemoglobin A1c Study Design This was a retrospective study of 9 women with type 1 diabetes mellitus with preconceptional hemoglobin A1c ≤7.4% using insulin pumps. The primary outcome was absolute and percentage change of basal and bolus insulin from preconception to delivery. Results Total daily dose of insulin increased from 33.3 ± 7.8 U/d before conception to 93.5 ± 27.9 U/d at delivery. Basal rates rose modestly (50% increase, from 16.2 ± 6.5 U/d to 24.0 ± 9 U/d); bolus insulin doses quadrupled from 17.1 ± 6.1 U/d to 69.5 ± 29.6 U/d ( P = .0001). Bolus insulin increased from approximately 50% of total daily dose of insulin before conception to 75% of total daily dose of insulin at 36 weeks' gestation. Conclusion In well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin requirements increased 3-fold from before conception to 36 weeks' gestation. Most of this requirement was attributed to an increase in bolus rates that are required for control with meals.
The contemporary Oceania zinc cycle: one-year stocks and flows

The material flow approach provides a framework from which to address resource management and estimate gross environmental impacts, both spatially and temporally. In this article, the major flows of zinc in Oceania over its entire life-cycle are examined; these include production (mining, milling, and refining), fabrication and manufacturing of semi- and finished products, use, and the waste management system. Comprehensive mass balances were applied to determine the zinc flows, including the quantities of zinc entering stocks in waste and in-use reservoirs. The Oceania cycle shows that substantial amounts of zinc (about 1120 Gg/year) are mined on the continent. The total flow of zinc in finished products entering the use stage is about 8.6 kg/(capita.year), substantially exceeding the zinc flow in discarded products. This difference, about 7.2 kg Zn/(capita.year) on average, is added to the in-use reservoir, largely for galvanizing applications in domestic construction and transportation. Less than 60% of all discarded zinc entering the waste management system is recycled. Much of the remaining discarded zinc is diluted into other waste streams, where recovery and recycling are probably not economically feasible.
Progress in palliative care.

Since its inception in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s and early 1970s, palliative care has evolved rapidly around the world. The initial group of scattered community-based clinical programs was followed by a growing number of academic programs and full-time academic health care professionals. As a result of improved academic connections and better training programs, a growing number of physicians and other professionals are conducting research on multiple aspects of the palliative care process. The current issue of Supportive Care in Cancer contains three excellent contributions on different aspects of the delivery of palliative care.
Electromechanical modeling of ionic polymer conductive composite (IPCC) artificial muscles

Ionic polymers or solid polyelectrolytes in functionally- graded composite form with a conductive phase such as a metal, conductive polymer or graphite, when swollen and suitably plated by conducting electrodes, display a spontaneous curvature increasing with the applied electric field E. There also exists an inverse effect, where an imposed deformation induces an electric field (in open circuit conditions) in such ionic polymer conductive composites (IPCC). Presented here is a description of these effects in the linear regime, based on linear irreversible thermodynamics, with two driving forces, namely the electric field E and a water pressure gradient (Delta) p and two fluxes, namely the electric current density J and water current density Q. Presented are also some qualitative estimates of the four Onsager coefficients which play important roles in the proposed model.
Focal compensatory enlargement of human arteries in response to progressive atherosclerosis. In vivo documentation using intravascular ultrasound.

BACKGROUNDPrevious postmortem studies have demonstrated compensatory enlargement of atherosclerotic arteries in animal models and patients. Conclusions regarding these changes were drawn based on a comparison of the dimensions of diseased arteries in one group of subjects with the dimensions of normal arteries in another group. This method admits potential confounding variables, such as demographics and other disease states, which might also have an impact on arterial size.METHODS AND RESULTSUsing intravascular ultrasound, we studied a total of 62 paired, adjacent normal and diseased sites in the superficial femoral arteries of 20 patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. Morphological assessment was performed using a computer-based image analysis system. Measurements were made of the cross-sectional area of the arterial lumen, the atherosclerotic plaque, and the outer border of the artery. These dimensions were then compared to determine the effects of progressive atherosclerosis on arterial...
Extracting features buried within high density atom probe point cloud data through simplicial homology.

Abstract Feature extraction from Atom Probe Tomography (APT) data is usually performed by repeatedly delineating iso-concentration surfaces of a chemical component of the sample material at different values of concentration threshold, until the user visually determines a satisfactory result in line with prior knowledge. However, this approach allows for important features, buried within the sample, to be visually obscured by the high density and volume (~10 7 atoms) of APT data. This work provides a data driven methodology to objectively determine the appropriate concentration threshold for classifying different phases, such as precipitates, by mapping the topology of the APT data set using a concept from algebraic topology termed persistent simplicial homology. A case study of Sc precipitates in an Al–Mg–Sc alloy is presented demonstrating the power of this technique to capture features, such as precise demarcation of Sc clusters and Al segregation at the cluster boundaries, not easily available by routine visual adjustment.
Femtosecond intraband modulation spectroscopy

We demonstrate several femtosecond spectroscopic techniques utilizing intraband carrier reexcitation for studies of relaxation processes in semiconductor materials. By introducing an additional infrared post-pump pulse into a conventional transient absorption experiment, we are able to visualize carrier intraband dynamics and to detect weak conduction-to-valence band transitions unresolved in the traditional transient absorption configuration. Intraband reexcitation spectroscopy also allows us to study dynamics of radiative transitions by monitoring a post-pump-induced modulation of time-integrated photoluminescence.
Effectiveness of a clinical pathway for the emergency treatment of patients with inborn errors of metabolism.

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to measure the effectiveness of a clinical pathway for the emergency department care of patients with inborn errors of metabolism. METHODS. Two years after the implementation of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway for patients with inborn errors of metabolism in our urban, academic, pediatric emergency department, we compared measures of timeliness and effectiveness for patients treated before the pathway with the same measures for patients treated after implementation of the pathway. Measures of timeliness included time to room, time to doctor, time to glucose infusion, and total emergency department length of stay. Measures of clinical effectiveness included the proportion of patients receiving adequate glucose infusions, proportion of patients admitted, inpatient length of stay, and proportion of patients requiring PICU admission. RESULTS. A total of 214 emergency department visits for patients with inborn errors of metabolism were analyzed, 90 before and 124 after initiation of the pathway. All measures of timeliness of care except total emergency department length of stay demonstrated significant improvement in comparisons of values before and after initiation of the pathway. Measures of clinical effectiveness also demonstrated significant improvements after initiation of the pathway. There was improvement in the proportion of patients who received adequate glucose infusions, with a decrease in the proportion of patients who required admission to the PICU. Emergency department length of stay, inpatient length of stay, and the proportion of patients admitted to the hospital were not affected. CONCLUSIONS. Most measures of timeliness and 2 measures of effectiveness showed improvement after implementation of an emergency department pathway for patients with inborn errors of metabolism. Therefore, a clinical pathway can improve the emergency care of patients with inborn errors of metabolism.
Degree of heterogeneity of binding specificities of antibodies to the phenylarsonate group that share a common idiotype

Abstract We have investigated the microheterogeneity of hybridoma products (HP) expressing the major idiotype (CRIA) associated with A/J antibodies to the p-azophenylarsonate (Ar) hapten group. The properties investigated were affinity for a phenylarsonate derivative and the fine specificity of the combining sites of the various HP. The fine specificity was approached by measuring relative affinities for a series of related haptens. It was found that, although variations exist, there are strong similarities in affinities and fine specificities of the antigen-binding sites of CRIA+ HP. The range of affinities for (p-azobenzenearsonic acid)-N-3H-acetyl- l -tyrosine was 0.41 × 106−2.2 × 106M−1. In all cases the addition of a second ring structure (benzene or histidine) and an azo group greatly increased the binding affinity. Some differences in fine specificity among the HP were seen with respect to affinities for o-arsanilate or the arsanilate derivative of histidine. However, the two HP which are the strongest inhibitors in the conventional assay for CRIA were virtually identical to one another and to induced A/J anti-Ar antibodies in their fine specificities. Together with previous data on amino acid sequences and serological properties, the results indicate that, despite their microheterogeneity, members of the CRIA family are closely related in structure and hapten-binding specificity.
On cross-bandwidth

The notion of cross-bandwidth is introduced, and it is shown that any graph that is suitably contractible to a k-connected graph has cross-bandwidth at least k. The contracted edges must induce in the original graph a subgraph of maximum degree at most one. This is used to resolve a conjecture of Erdos and Chinn on the bandwidth of certain graphs.
Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) by rat neural cells--comparison to other IGFBPs.

Abstract We recently isolated and characterized the 24 kDa and N- glycosylated 28 kDa insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (rIGFBP-4) from the B104s rat neuronal cell line (Endocrinology, 129 (1991) 1009–1115). To examine the prevalence of IGFBP-4 secretion by cells of neural origin, we assessed the expression of IGFBP-4 in different neural cell types using ligand blotting, immunoblotting and blot hybridization with relevant cDNAs. A specific IGFBP-4 antibody raised against a synthetic 20 amino acid peptide was used for immunologic recognition. In all the neural cells tested (B104s, C6 astrocytoma, primary neonatal astrocytes and primary fetal neurons), IGFBP-4 was definitively identified by immunoblotting. Blot hybridization using a rat cDNA probe revealed expression of IGFBP-4 mRNA transcripts by all these cells. Using a combination of the same techniques, expression of IGFBP-1, -2, and -3 were also examined. The B104s cells secreted primarily IGFBP-4; C6 cells secreted predominantly IGFBP-3 and small amount of IGFBP-4; both primary neonatal astrocytes and fetal neurons secreted IGFBP-2 as the major IGFBP accompanied by a small quantity of IGFBP-4. IGFBP-1 was not identified in any of the cell media. When probed with the respective IGFBP cDNAs, the mRNA abundance generally reflected the media IGFBP content. The expression of IGFBP-4 mRNA in vivo was examined as well and compared to that of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. Transcripts for both IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 were found in all gross anatomical divisions of the rat brain from embryonic day 15 until adulthood, whereas IGFBP-1 was not detected at any time. IGFBP-4 mRNA tended to be more abundant at the youngest ages whereas IGFBP-2 increased during development. These data indicate that IGFBP-4 is produce by a variety of neural cell types and suggest that it may play a role in brain development.
Biotransformation rates of chloroform under anaerobic conditions-I. Methanogenesis

Biotransformation of chloroform (CF) was studied in a methanogenic environment utilizing acetic acid as the primary substrate. CF removal efficiency of more than 99% was achieved in a chemostat, fed constant acetic acid concentration (2510 mg/l) and different CF concentrations, up to 16.74 μM. Biological methane potential tests were conducted in serum bottles using the culture from the chemostat with an average biomass concentration of 53 mg/l. The culture exhibited a maximum rate of CF transformation of 0.26 μM/h corresponding to an initial CF concentration of 1.25 μM. At initial CF concentrations higher than 2.76 μM, the rate of CF transformation became constant at 0.06 μM/h. CF present at any concentration inhibited the utilization of acetic acid, and at CF concentrations equal to or exceeding 2.7 μM, the culture was completely inhibited and no acetic acid was utilized by the culture even after the CF was completely degraded. The culture transformed CF without the addition of acetic acid, but the addition of acetic acid considerably increased the rate of biotransformation. However, increase in acetic acid concentration beyond 50 mg/l did not increase the rate. The culture exhibited higher rates of CF biotransformation when it was acclimated with higher influent concentration of CF in a chemostat. Reductive dehalogenation was one of the pathways for the transformation of CF leading to the formation of dichloromethane which was also transformed by the culture.
Revolt Against Sprawl: Transportation and the Origins of the Marin County Growth-Control Regime

Popular protest stopped a freeway to California's Point Reyes peninsula in 1966, and along with it plans for the development of Marin County. The campaign against this road united property owners, business leaders, conservationists, and politicians. A destiny of parkland, agriculture, and permanent open space replaced expectations of suburban development and steady population growth. This vision of Marin's future was institutionalized through policy and planning, which reinforced and defined a growth-control regime. This regime dominated and ultimately transcended Marin's fragmented local government, coordinating and guiding policy, philanthropy, and multifarious public and private institutions.
A UNIQUE GENOMIC SEQUENCE IN THE WOLF-HIRSCHHORN SYNDROME WHS REGION OF HUMANS IS CONSERVED IN THE GREAT APES

The Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by a partial deletion in the short arm of chromosome 4 band 16.3 (4p16.3). A unique-sequence human DNA probe (39 kb) localized within this region has been used to search for sequence homology in the apes' equivalent chromosome 3 by FISH-technique. The WHS loci are conserved in higher primates at the expected position. Nevertheless, a control probe, which detects alphoid sequences of the pericentromeric region of humans, is diverged in chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. The conservation of WHS loci and divergence of DNA alphoid sequences have further added to the controversy concerning human descent.
STATE-OF-THE-ART OF MODELS FOR GEOTHERMAL RECOVERY PROCESSES

LBL-12117 Preprin t · Ui'J 1 B 1982 LI8F?ARY AND Submitted for publication in the Transactil69J.<~JJ;VIENTSSECTtON American Society of Mechanical Engineers STATE-OF-THE-ART OF MODELS FOR GEOTHERMAL RECOVERY PROCESSES C.F. Tsang and J.S.Y. Wang November 1981 TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy; call Tech. Info. Division, Ext. 6782. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098
A phase I study of bi-weekly administration of 24-h gemcitabine followed by 24-h irinotecan in patients with solid tumors

To determine the maximal tolerated doses (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of combination of 24-h infusions of gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumors. Twenty-four patients with advanced solid tumors received gemcitabine as a 24-h IV infusion followed by a 24-h infusion of irinotecan every 2 weeks. Pharmacokinetic parameters of both drugs and their metabolites were estimated by using non-compartmental methods. Twenty-four patients were fully evaluable for toxicity. DLT was observed in two of six patients at irinotecan/gemcitabine 110/150 mg/m2 (grade 3 diarrhea and grade 3 GI bleeding). No patient developed acute cholinergic symptoms at any dose. Other toxicities were ≤grade 2 nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Tumor responses were observed in three patients (one CR: cholangiocarcinoma; two PR: SCLC, gastric neuroendocrine tumor). Stable disease >3 months was found in six patients including five patients who had failed short infusions of either drug. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that C max of each drug and active metabolites were dose-dependent. High dose of gemcitabine increased C max, AUC, and T1/2 of irinotecan. However, gemcitabine had minimal effects on SN-38. The recommended dose for Phase II studies is gemcitabine 125 mg/m2 given as a 24-h IV infusion on D1 and D15, followed by a 24-h IV infusion of irinotecan 110 mg/m2 on D2 and D16. Both pretreated patients and chemo-naive patients seem to tolerate higher doses of this combination without significant toxicities. Objective responses among patients with solid tumors, in particular cholangiocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer merits further investigation.
Achieving congruent actions and intentions: An empirical assessment of faculty work in a regional public university

Two explanations of congruency of ideal (intent) and actual (action/behavior) work of faculty are examined—reward expectations and referent others. Based on interviews with 5 college deans and 32 chairpersons, a survey of 503 faculty (69% return rate), and institutional data, it was found that referent others' goals have a greater influence than reward expectations on the congruency of work actions and intentions of faculty. Peers, chairpersons, and deans affect, in differing ways, the congruency of actions and intentions of faculty. Overwhelmingly, peers have the strongest effect, followed by chairpersons and deans. Of the three reward expectations variables (perception that work leads to tenure, promotion to associate professor, and merit salary increases), only the perception that work leads to tenure affects congruency of faculty work actions and intentions.
Hydrolysis of 3-carboxy-6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxycoumarin (Pacific Blue™) succinimidyl ester under acidic and basic conditions

Abstract The highly sensitive technique of microchip capillary electrophoresis (μCE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is under development for future in situ spaceflight missions to search for the organic chemical signatures of life. One fluorescent probe that enables this technology for amine, amino acid, and dipeptide analysis is 3-carboxy-6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxycoumarin (Pacific Blue™, PB) succinimidyl ester. Of particular importance is the hydrolysis of PB succinimidyl ester, which precludes long-term aqueous storage during spaceflight and therefore has a significant impact on instrument design and operation. As such, it is important to characterize the chemical stability of this dye to hydrolysis prior to spaceflight. Here, we study the hydrolysis kinetics of the PB succinimidyl ester at pH values between 3 and 10.5 using μCE-LIF. The PB succinimidyl ester has the longest lifetime at pH 4 (7.3 ± 0.1 h), with dramatically shorter half-lives in the basic pH regime. This work represents a first step in the full characterization of this fluorescent probe for spaceflight applications.
NOCTURNAL NALOXONE FAILS TO REVERSE THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE INFUSION ON LUTEINIZING HORMONE SECRETION IN PUBERTAL BOYS

LH secretion is maximal during the night in pubertal boys, and testosterone (T) administration blunts this nocturnal rise of LH. We have previously shown that in pubertal boys, the acute negative feedback effects of T infusion on LH secretion during the daytime cannot be reversed by opioid receptor blockade. To determine whether the nocturnal secretion of LH in early puberty is regulated by endogenous opioid pathways, we determined whether naloxone during the night affected LH secretion or T-mediated suppression of LH secretion. Seven pubertal boys (bone age, 11-13.5 yr) were given a control infusion of saline, followed 1 week later by an infusion of T at 960 nmol/m2.h for 41 h starting at 2000 h. During both saline and T infusions, six iv boluses of saline were given hourly beginning at 2400 h on the first day, and six iv boluses of naloxone (0.1 mg/kg each) were given hourly beginning at 2400 h on the second day. Starting at 2200 h, blood was obtained every 15 min for LH and every 30 min for T determina...
Opportunities for 3-D seismic reflection in geoscience research

You would think they were images of the Earth's surface made from an aircraft or satellite, or maybe high-resolution images of the seafloor, the sort made with modern multibeam echo sounders. There are hills and valleys, steep scarps and flat plains. Features like meandering river channels including levees and over-bank deposits are clearly defined, and great armadas of ripples like desert sand dunes appear as if seen from the window of a commercial aircraft. There are even impact craters made by meteorites with resolutions as clear as those seen on the Moon through telescopes.
Shape Memory Alloy Expandable Pedicle Screw to Enhance Fixation in Osteoporotic Bone: Primary Design and Finite Element Simulation

The properties of shape memory alloys, specifically the equiatomic intermetallic NiTi, are unique and significant in that they offer simple and effective solutions for some of the biomechanical issues encountered in orthopedics. Pedicle screws, used as an anchoring point for the implantation of spinal instrumentations in the spinal fracture and deformity treatments, entail the major drawback of loosening and backing out in osteoporotic bone. The strength of the screw contact with the surrounding bone diminishes as the bone degrades due to osteoporosis. The SMArt TM pedicle screw design is developed to address the existing issue in degraded bone. It is based on the interaction of bi-stable shape memory-superelastic elements. The bi-stable assembly acts antagonistically and consists of an external superelastic tube that expands the design protrusions when body temperature is attained; also an internal shape memory wire, inserted into the tube, retracts the assembly while locally heated to above the body temperature. This innovative bi-stable solution augments the pullout resistance while still allowing for screw removal. The antagonistic wire-tube assembly was evaluated and parametrically analyzed as for the interaction of the superelastic tube and shape memory wire using a finite element model developed in COMSOL Multiphysics V R . The outcomes of the simulation suggest that shape memory NiTi inserts on the SMArt TM pedicle screw can achieve the desired antagonistic functionality of expansion and retraction. Consequently, a parametric analysis was conducted over the effect of different sizes of wires and tubes. The dimensions for the first sample of this innovative pedicle screw were determined based on the results of this analysis. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007179]
Histopathology of C57BL/6 mice inoculated orally with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Summary The susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to oral inoculation with Myobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated histopathologically. Granulomatous lesions containing acid-fast bacteria developed in the mesenteric lymph nodes in over 50% of the mice by 11 months after inoculation. The results suggest that C57BL/6 mice may be useful for studying infection, pathogenesis, and other aspects of paratuberculosis.
Boundary treatment for 2D elliptic mesh generation in complex geometries

This paper presents a boundary treatment method for 2D elliptic mesh generation in complex geometries. Corresponding to Neumann-Dirichlet boundary conditions (sliding boundary conditions), the proposed method aims at achieving orthogonal and smooth nodal distribution along irregular boundaries. In this method, a three-lined auxiliary mesh is constructed which is composed of the boundary line, an auxiliary line generated on its inner side, and the reflection line of this auxiliary line. The movements of the boundary nodes are determined by solving this auxiliary mesh. The boundary nodes are further corrected and adjusted by a second-order parabolic interpolation method and a weighting parameter depending on the curvature of the boundary. The proposed method was demonstrated through examples, and applied to field cases with complex geometries. It has been shown that this method is stable and effective in producing high quality meshes.
Adapting Integrated Dual Disorders Treatment for Inpatient Settings

ABSTRACT Integrated Dual Diagnosis Treatment (Drake et al.), an Evidence-Based Practice designed for persons with co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders, was developed for delivery in outpatient settings and has been implemented widely in community mental health centers. Until recently, inpatient services compatible with IDDT were not available for dually diagnosed individuals who experienced psychiatric hospitalization at the onset of illness or over the course of treatment. For those individuals receiving outpatient IDDT, hospitalization could mean a disruption to gains painstakingly achieved in the community. Historically, inpatient psychiatric treatment has not been integrated with treatment for substance use nor has it been delivered by staff with expertise in both disorders. An initiative spearheaded by the Ohio Department of Mental Health (ODMH) and the Ohio Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Coordinating Center of Excellence (SAMI CCOE) to transfer the demonstrated value and succe...
Occupational sex segregation and the earnings of occupations: What causes the link among college-educated workers?

Abstract A significant proportion of the earnings gap between men and women is attributable to occupational sex segregation and the concentration of women in relatively low-paying occupations, but we do not yet know why women continue to be employed disproportionately in lesser-paying occupations. I attempt to explain the sex gap in the relationship between average occupational earnings and occupational attainment by modeling occupational placement among a nationally representative sample of college-educated new labor force entrants. I test empirical predictions derived from supply- and demand-side theories of occupational sex segregation using a conditional logit model, strong controls for human capital investments, and a set of occupational characteristic measures that extends beyond those used in previous research. The results of this analysis show that sex differences in college major explain 11–17% of the sex gap in the likelihood of employment in relatively high-paying occupations. However, even among recent labor force entrants who have very similar human capital investments, i.e., college graduates with the same majors, women and men enter different types of occupations. The sex differences in the distribution of workers across occupational characteristics, coupled with the differential remuneration of the influential characteristics explains an additional 41% of the sex gap in the attainment of relatively lucrative occupational placement.