cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST: IMPROVED SURVIVAL WITH PARAMEDIC SERVICES

Abstract Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was studied in a suburban community (population 304 000) before and after addition of paramedic services. During period 1 emergency medical technicians provided basic emergency care (cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the scene of collapse and during the journey to hospital). In period 2 additional care was given at the scene of collapse by paramedics capable of advanced emergency care (defibrillation, endotracheal intubation, drugs). During the 3-yr study 585 patients with cardiac arrest caused by heart disease received prehospital emergency resuscitation. Paramedic services improved the rate of live admission to the coronary-care or intensive-care unit from 19% to 34% (p
Unified theoretical treatment of analytic first and second energy derivatives in open-shell Hartree—Fock theory

Abstract Second derivatives of polyatomic potential energy hypersurfaces are of widespread importance to problems in theoretical chemistry. A formalism is presented which allows the analytic evaluation of energy second derivatives from restricted Hartree—Fock wavefunctions for arbitrary closed- or open-shell molecular systems. The present method makes use of previously reported integral second-derivative techniques and earlier advances in the solution of the open-shell coupled perturbed Hartree—Fock equations. The applicability of the new method is demonstrated in studies of the first excited singlet state of formaldehyde, for which the equilibrium geometry and vibrational frequencies have been determined with two different basis sets.
PER LINELL , Approaching dialogue: Talk, interaction and contexts in dialogical perspectives . (Impact: Studies in language and society, 3.) Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins, 1998. Pp. xvii, 330. Hb $85.00.

Linell argues that dialogism is the crucial path to theorizing and understanding discourse, cognition, and communication – particularly the study of conversation and other kinds of talk-in-interaction. One of the goals of his book is to develop an “empirically valid form of dialogism,” as opposed to an idealistic one, through the empirical investigation of communication. Linell develops a theory of “communicative projects,” a notion which incorporates aspects of individual agency as well as the idea of talk as emergent, collaborative work by co-present individuals. The notion of “communicative projects” is meant as a bridge across the oft-cited polarity between “micro” and “macro” – or as Linell formulates it, between “elementary contributions and local sequences on the one hand, and the global and more abstract notions of activity types and communicative genres.”
The isolation and initial characterization of mercury resistant chemolithotrophic thermophilic bacteria from mercury rich geothermal springs.

Mercury rich geothermal springs are likely environments where mercury resistance is critical to microbial life and where microbe-mercury interactions may have evolved. Eleven facultative thermophilic and chemolithoautotrophic, thiosulfate oxidizing bacteria were isolated from thiosulfate enrichments of biofilms from mercury rich hot sulfidic springs in Mount Amiata, Italy. Some strains were highly resistant to mercury (≥200 μM HgCl2) regardless of its presence or absence during primary enrichments, and three reduced ionic mercury to its elemental form. The gene encoding for the mercuric reductase enzyme (MerA), was amplified by PCR from seven strains. However, one highly resistant strain did not reduce mercury nor carried merA, suggesting an alternative resistance mechanism. All strains were members of the order Bacillales and were most closely related to previously described thermophiles belonging to the Firmicutes. Phylogenetic analyses clustered the MerA of the isolates in two supported novel nodes within the Firmicutes lineage and a comparison with the 16S rRNA gene tree suggested at least one case of horizontal gene transfer. Overall, the results show that the thermophilic thiosulfate oxidizing isolates were adapted to life in presence of mercury mostly, but not exclusively, by possessing MerA. These findings suggest that reduction of mercury by chemolithotrophic thermophilic bacteria may mobilize mercury from sulfur and iron deposits in geothermal environments.
C-terminal COOH of Integrin β1 Is Necessary for β1 Association with the Kindlin-2 Adapter Protein

Protein-protein interactions are driving forces in cellular processes. As a prime example, transmembrane integrins link extracellular matrix and intracellular proteins, resulting in bidirectional signaling that regulates cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Here we provide the first evidence that interaction between the integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail and kindlin-2, a member of a family of adapters implicated in human disease pathogenesis, is mainly governed by the β1 C-terminal carboxylate moiety and is required for laterality organ development in zebrafish. Affinity measurements indicate that this unusual protein-protein interaction mode is coordinated by a putative carboxylate-binding motif in the kindlin-2 FERM subdomain F3. Contrary to the C terminus of proteins that engage PDZ domains, the C-terminal three residues of β1, per se, do not contribute to kindlin-2 binding or to laterality organ development. Thus, by employing zebrafish as an in situ physiological tool to correlate protein structure and function, we have discovered an unexpected association chemistry between an integrin and a key adapter involved in integrin signaling.
The effects of combination glaucoma medications on ocular surface epithelial cells.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two commercially available combination topical ophthalmic medications on human ocular surface cells in vitro.
You must remember this: dealing with long memory in political analyses

Abstract Recent research by Box-Steffensmeier and Smith (Box-Steffensmeier, J.M., Smith, R.M., 1996. The dynamics of aggregate partisanship. American Political Science Review 90, 567–580; Box-Steffensmeier, J.M., Smith, R.M., 1998. Investigating political dynamics using fractional integration methods. American Journal of Political Science 42, 661–689) has alerted scholars to the problems involved in the analysis of fractionally integrated time series. This paper pursues this line of inquiry by compiling evidence on the time series properties of a number of common variables used in political research, including macropartisanship, presidential approval, the monthly and quarterly index of consumer sentiment, percentage liberalism in Supreme Court decision making, and others. In applying a variety of formal tests to these series, we fail to reject hypotheses of random walk or fractionally integrated processes while commonly rejecting hypotheses of stationary behavior. Evidence obtained from point estimates of the fractional differencing parameter, d , supports these findings while providing a glimpse into the long-memory characteristics of many political time series. Finally, Monte Carlo studies are performed that demonstrate the likelihood of spurious regressions when researchers fail to account for the fractional dynamics of time series.
The power of Efron's biased coin design

The power of a statistical test depends on the sample size. Moreover, in a randomized trial where two treatments are compared, the power also depends on the number of assignments of each treatment. We can treat the power as the conditional probability of correctly detecting a treatment effect given a particular treatment allocation status. This paper uses a simple z-test and a t-test to demonstrate and analyze the power function under the biased coin design proposed by Efron in 1971. We numerically show that Efron's biased coin design is uniformly more powerful than the perfect simple randomization.
Quantitative of myocardial extracellular volume fraction improves characterization of fibrotic burden in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy beyond visual assessment with late gadolinium enhancement

Summary Patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH) have evidence of increased fibrotic burden, compared to normal controls, in myocardial segments without visible LGE. This finding may have diagnostic implication in patients with thickened apical segments of the LV and a clinical suspicion of APH. Background Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH), a variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is generally considered to have a benign clinical course, with localized hypertrophy and evidence of myofibril disarray and fibrosis at the apex alone. However, traditional late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) techniques are not sensitive enough to detect subclinical apical fibrosis. Accordingly, we hypothesized that quantitative myocardial extracellular collagen volume fraction (MECVF) via T1 mapping techniques at the apex would differentiate patients with and without APH. Methods We performed 3T cardiac MRI in 35 subjects including 11 patients with APH including 3 patients without LGE and 8 with LGE (mean age 48 ± 7 years, all male, diagnosed via standard clinical and echocardiographic assessment), 13 patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) including 2 patients without LGE and 11 with LGE (mean age 41 ± 13 years, 62% male) and 11 normal control subjects (mean age 52 ± 12years, 36% male, without cardiac disease or hypertension). MRI included cine imaging, LGE imaging, and a validated Look-Locker gradient echo cine IR technique for quantification of R1 in parallel short-axis locations. The myocardial partition coefficient was estimated by least-squares linear regression of R1 in myocardium against R1 in blood. MECVF was obtained by adjusting the partition coefficient by the patient’s hematocrit. We used a 18-segment model to quantify regional diffuse fibrosis and excluded segments with visible LGE in fibrosis quantification. Results Patients with APH had a trend toward slightly higher MECVF as compared with normal controls at the base (0.30 vs. 0.27; Wilcoxon rank sum P = 0.09) and mid myocardial segments. In apical segments, there was a significant and substantial MECVF (0.38 vs. 0.29; P = 0.0002) in patients with APH compared to normal controls. There were no differences in MECVF between patients with APH and HCM in any segments. Conclusions In patients with APH, MECVF is significantly elevated in the regions of apical segments despite no visualized LGE. These results suggest that myocardial R1
Simulating UAV Surveillance for Analyzing Impact of Commitments in Multi-Agent Systems

Autonomous agents, by definition, have the freedom to make their own decisions. Rational agents execute actions that are in their "best interests" according to their desires. Action selection is complicated due to uncertainty when operating in a dynamic environment or where other agents can also influence the environment. This paper presents an action selection framework and algorithms that are rational with respect to multiple desires and responsive to changing desires. Coordination is layered on top of this framework by describing and analyzing how commitments affect the agents' desires in their action selection models. Commitments may have a positive or a negative effect on an agent's ability to satisfy its desires. This research uses simulation in the domain of UAV surveillance to experimentally explore the balance between under-commitment and over-commitment.
Real-time infrared spectroscopy of moving solids for on-line analyses

Two related methods, transient infrared emission spectroscopy and transient infrared transmission spectroscopy, can obtain good spectra from opaque, moving solids by using a transient thermal gradient to isolate spectroscopically a thin layer of material. The basic elements of the methods, the ability to depth profile, and an application involving monitoring coating cure are described.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An improved method for determining the actin filament content of nonmuscle cells by the DNase I inhibition assay

Abstract The actin filament content of cell lysates can be assayed by inhibition of DNase I activity (Blikstad, I., Markey, F., Carlsson, L., Persson, T., and Lindberg, U. (1978) Cell 15 , 935–943). We have modified this assay in two ways. We have (i) established lysis conditions that do not affect the state of polymerization of actin and (ii) used a computer for direct data acquisition and analysis of the linear portion of the reaction curve. These modifications allow the accurate determination of small changes in the actin filament content of intact cells.
Avoidance of an approaching net by juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the laboratory: the influence of light intensity

Abstract Fisheries management strategies often rely upon regulation of mesh sizes or the use of exclusion/escape structures to reduce the bycatch of undersize fish or non-target species. Design and evaluation of fishing gears to reduce bycatch should be based upon knowledge of fish behavior and sensory capabilities. The response of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma to an approaching panel made of 8 cm square mesh netting was compared under a range of laboratory illuminations, from −8 (darkness) to 1.7 × 10 −3 μmoles photons m −2 s −1 . Fish in darkness struck the net more frequently and swam closer to the net than fish at the highest illumination. These results, along with those of other laboratory and field studies, suggest that trawl bycatch reduction strategies which rely upon undersize or non-target fish using vision to guide them out of the net may be less effective at night or at depths where ambient light levels fall below critical levels.
Preferred and Unpreferred Circulation Types in the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Phase space

Abstract This study addresses two questions: 1) whether there are local density maxima and minima in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical wintertime circulation phase space and 2) if so, what the preferred circulation types are. All investigations are based on the null hypothesis that the statistical distribution of circulation patterns in the phase space is a multinormal distribution. If this is a good approximation (as it was shown in a phase-average sense in earlier studies) and the assumed independent variables have equal variance, then the theoretical distribution of circulation patterns can be uniquely described by the (climatological) mean, a single standard deviation, and the number of independent variables (dimension). Having the estimates of all these variables, the local density of the actual circulation data can be easily compared to the theoretical expectation of a multinormal distribution. With randomly generated multinormal samples the significance of such discrepancies can also be tested....
'By merit raised to that bad eminence': Christopher Merrett, artisanal knowledge, and professional reform in restoration London.

This article examines the career and reform agenda of Christopher Merrett as a means of evaluating the changing conditions of medical knowledge production in late seventeenth-century London. This period was characterised by increasing competition between medical practitioners, resulting from the growing consumer demand for medical commodities and services, the reduced ability of elite physicians to control medical practice, and the appearance of alternative methods of producing medical knowledge – particularly experimental methods. This competition resulted in heated exchanges between physicians, apothecaries, and virtuosi, in which Merrett played an active part. As a prominent member of both the Royal Society and the Royal College of Physicians, Merrett sought to mediate between the two institutions by introducing professional reforms designed to alleviate competition and improve medical knowledge.These reforms entailed sweeping changes to medical regulation and education that integrated the traditional reliance on Galenic principles with knowledge derived from experiment and artisanal practices. The emphasis Merrett placed on the trades suggests the important role artisanal knowledge played in his efforts to reorganise medicine and improve knowledge of bodily processes.
Pressure ulcer prevalence in people with spinal cord injury: age-period-duration effects.

Abstract Chen Y, DeVivo MJ, Jackson AB. Pressure ulcer prevalence in people with spinal cord injury: age-period-duration effects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:1208–13. Objective To examine age-period-duration patterns of the prevalence of pressure ulcers in community-residing people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Multicenter cohort study. Setting Nine Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems throughout the United States. Participants People with SCI (N=3361) injured between 1986 and 1995 and followed up thereafter on a yearly basis through 2002. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure Physician-confirmed pressure ulcers of stage II or greater at the follow-up visits. Results The multivariable generalized estimating equations model showed a significant trend toward increasing pressure ulcer prevalence in the recent years (1994–2002 vs 1984–1993: odds ratio=1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–1.6) not explained by aging, years since injury, or demographic and clinical factors. The risk of pressure ulcers appeared to be steady during the first 10 years and increased 15 years postinjury. Pressure ulcers were more common among the elderly, men, African Americans, singles, subjects with education less than high school, unemployed, subjects with complete injury, and subjects with history of pressure ulcers, rehospitalization, nursing home stay, and other medical conditions. Injury cause and level had no significant effect. Conclusions These results highlight the need for research into factors that contribute to the increasing pressure ulcer prevalence.
Probing photoinduced electron transfer reactions at semiconductor-liquid interfaces

The electron transfer dynamics of 9-anthracene carboxylic acid bound to TiO2 nanoparticles in ethanol has been examined by a combination of transient absorption and time- resolved anistropy measurements. The results from these experiments show that the forward electron transfer reaction is very fast, <EQ 360 fs for anatase TiO2 and <EQ 1 ps for rutile TiO2. The back electron transfer reaction occurs on a slower time scale: 33 +/- 1 ps for the anatase particles and 54 +/- 1 ps for the rutile particles. The rate of the back electron transfer reaction for anatase TiO2 is also very sensitive to the addition of small amounts of water to the ethanolic solutions. For example, adding 1 percent water by volume decreases the average back electron transfer time from 33 ps to 20 ps. The water also produces a red-shift in the absorption spectra of the TiO2 particles. These observations show that the back electron transfer reaction is in the Marcus inverted region.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
CYANATION AND SULFONYLATION OF 5‐SUBSTITUTED TETRAZOLES. IMIDOYL AZIDES

Reaction of 5-methoxy- and 5-ethoxytetrazole with methanesulfonyl chloride and cyanogen bromide was found to occur in the 1-position of the tetrazole. This is in marked contrast to other acylations of 5-substituted tetrazoles, where high yields of the 2-acyl derivatives are reported for dozens of examples and a variety of acylating agents. The 1-methanesulfonyl- and 1-cyano-5-alkoxytetrazoles ring-open spontaneously to the corresponding imidoyl azides, which are conveniently prepared by this method.
Processing, Electro-Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Strontium Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics

Dense (Pb0.9Sr0.1)(Zr1−xTix)O3 (PSZT) ceramics, across the morphotropic phase boundary, are made by a modified oxide precursor route and tape lamination approach. The ferroelectric rhombohedral (FR) phase changed to antiferroelectric tetragonal (AFT) phase below the tolerance factor (t) of about 0.97 as the composition is systematically varied. Scanning electron micrograph showed a systematic decrease in grain size from the FR to AFT and a change in domain structure from 180° water mark to herringbone type pattern. The influence of electric field-induced AF to F phase transition on piezoelectric and strain behaviors is also studied. Polarization over 41 μC/cm2 for FR compositions and strain as high as 0.8% for certain composition on F-AF phase boundary are observed.
Synthesis of 4-perfluoroalkylquinolines

Abstract 4-(Cn−1F2n−1)-Substituted quinolines (n = 2–4) are obtained by the reaction of 2-(CnF2n+1)-substituted anilines 1 with lithium enolate of acetaldehyde. A similar treatment of 1 with lithium enolates of methyl ketones, the treatment of 1 with lithium phenylacetylide or cyclization of ketimines derived from 1 and aryl methyl ketones furnish the corresponding 2-aryl-4-perfluoroalkylquinolines. The reaction of 1 with lithiated carbonitriles RCH(Li)CN (R = H, alkyl) provides an easy access to 2-amino-4-perfluoroalkyl-3-R-quinolines.
Alterations in the Distribution of GABAA Receptors in Epilepsy

Alterations in the distribution of GABA A receptors are likely to play pivotal roles in epilepsy. Current findings indicate that such changes are more complex than general increases or decreases in specific subunits and can involve differential changes in principal cells and interneurons, altered localization at synapses, and altered subunit partnerships. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of fasciculoventricular fibers in children.

Abstract Introduction Fasciculoventricular (FV) fiber is a rare cause for ventricular preexcitation. It is usually described as an innocent bystander pathway. There is only limited data on FV fiber in children. Hence we evaluated the clinical and electrophysiological features of FV fiber in a group of 11 children. Methods and results Of 215 children with manifest preexcitation who had electrophysiological studies at the University of Miami, 11 (5.1%) had characteristics of FV fiber. FV fiber was not directly responsible for any arrhythmias in these children. Three children had supraventricular tachycardia due to associated left sided Kent fiber and FV fiber was identified after the ablation of Kent fiber. One child had associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, another child had atrial septal defect and a third child had ventricular septal defect. The electrophysiological testing of FV fiber revealed AH interval of 40–95 ms and H-delta interval of 15–40 ms. Mapping study showed that the FV fiber was located on the right side of the heart in all patients: right anteroseptal in 9, right midseptal in 1 and it could not be mapped well in 1 as the delta wave was intermittent. We identified a discrete FV fiber depolarization spike in 9 patients, with a local FV fiber depolarization to delta wave interval of 5–20 ms (11+4 ms). Conclusion FV fiber is an uncommon cause for ventricular preexcitation in children and it can be associated with other conduction abnormalities and heart defects. FV fibers are commonly located at the right anteroseptal region and are not usually involved in any tachycardia. Discrete local FV fiber potential can be identified during electrophysiological testing of these patients.
Nonlinear effects in a periodic structure with alternating positive and negative index materials

We present a general framework for analyzing transmission properties of 1D periodic structures with alternating positive and negative media when either could exhibit nonlinearity. Numerical results demonstrate intensity dependant shift in the transmission spectrum.
Lateralizing value of asymmetric tonic limb posturing observed in secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Summary: Purpose: A striking asymmetry of limb posture occurs during secondarily generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizures wherein one elbow is extended while the other is flexed during the tonic phase of the GTC seizure. We have named this phenomenon asymmetric tonic limb posturing (ATLP) or the “Figure 4 Sign.” Methods: Fifty-nine secondarily GTC seizures from 31 patients with partial epilepsy who underwent successful epilepsy surgery were analyzed, in addition to another group of 64 GTC and generalized clonic seizures from 26 patients collected prospectively over a 7-month period. Three observers reviewed these seizures blinded to the side of ictal EEG onset and other clinical data. Results: The extended elbow was contralateral to the side of ictal onset in 35 of 39 patients who had ATLP during their seizures. The kappa index, a measure of interobserver agreement, was calculated, and ATLP was found to have very good agreement between observers. Conclusions: In secondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures, ATLP (Figure 4 Sign) may sometimes be only available lateralizing sign.
Biology and pathogenicity of the microsporidian Perezia hyperae sp. n., a pathogen of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica.

Abstract Taxonomic identification, biology, and pathogenicity of a microsporidian recovered from a laboratory culture of the western variety of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica , were studied by means of light microscopy. The name Perezia hyperae sp. n. has been proposed for the organism. The developmental stages of the pathogen were characterized on the basis of cell division, nuclear arrangement, and measurements. The complete life cycle, spore-to-spore, including two stages of schizogomy, had a duration of about 100 hr at 22°C and 80% RH in experimentally inoculated fourth instar larvae. In some larvae, the infection induced the formation of irregularly shaped bulges and a reduction in silk production necessary for cocoon formation. However, adults developed from infected larvae did not show corresponding abnormalities. Malpighian tubules were found to be the primary site of infection in the larvae. In later phases of infection the microsporidian was found in the intersegmental muscles, abdominal nerve cords, epidermal cells of the integument, fat bodies, and tracheal systems of the larvae, but not in their alimentary canals.
Intersectional illumination of neural circuit function.

In this issue of Neuron, Madisen et al. (2015) report the construction of several new transgenic mouse lines that apply intersectional genetic tools to achieve high levels of expression and cell-type specificity, providing a useful resource for future studies.
Molecular Orbital Study of H2 and CH4 Activation on Small Metal Clusters. 2. Pd3 and Pt3

The electronic structure of Pd3 and Pt3 clusters and the detailed reaction mechanism of activation of H2 and CH4 on these clusters have been studied with a density functional method. Full geometry optimization has been carried out and led to the reaction mechanisms that are dramatically different from those of a previous work where only limited potential energy scans were carried out. In the Pd3 + H2 system, Pd3, like Pd2, activates H2 without barrier. For the activation of the C−H bond in CH4 with Pd3, although the final products are found to be similar in energy compared to the case of Pd2, the activation barriers on Pd3 are much higher than those on Pd2. This difference has been explained in terms of the large repulsion from the s1d9 configurations of Pd atoms in Pd3, whereas Pd atoms in Pd2 adopt mainly the less repulsive d10 configuration. In the case of Pt3 + H2/CH4, the reactions basically follow the same pattern as in the Pt2 systems. Namely H−H and C−H are broken at first on a single Pt atom, and...
An examination of information search during initial audit planning

Abstract This paper examines the initial planning processes of auditors, a research topic which has received very limited attention to date. In this empirical study auditors were given the results of analytical tests and asked to assess the likelihood that observed “abnormalities” were due to accounting error or irregularity as distinct from environmental change (i.e., an initial hypothesis). They were further asked to indicate the information they would seek in response to the test results, in an effort to resolve the issue adequately to proceed with planning the audit. The authors posit that: (1) for relatively inexperienced auditors, their initial hypothesis of cause will positively correlate with the type of information the auditors will subsequently seek (i.e., they will follow a hypothesis confirming strategy); and (2) for relatively experienced auditors, their initial hypothesis of cause will not correlate with the type of information sought but rather they will follow a balanced information search strategy. Support for this hypothesis was found using a rank measure of information seeking. A second measure of information seeking based on unranked questions, did not support the hypothesis, however.
The Role of Extracorporeal Shock Wave on Plantar Fasciitis

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic plantar fasciitis has been under investigation since its advent in the early 1990s. Its use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; however, much controversy exists surrounding its mechanism of action, treatment protocols, and clinical efficacy. This article reviews some of the existing theories, opinions, and data in an attempt to summarize the current role that shock wave therapy plays in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.
Studies on heat tolerance in the domestic fowl.

Abstract ONE of the problems associated with the extensive commercialization of the poultry industry has been the threat of heavy losses due to heat death during periods of high environmental temperatures. The last period of high summer temperatures during which heat losses reached disaster proportions was from August 25 to 28, 1948. During this period, conservative estimates placed the number of birds dying in New England from this cause at well over 100,000. Losses throughout the United States were estimated at above the million mark. The official temperatures reported by the Massachusetts Experiment Station observatory from August 25 to 28 were 96°, 100°, 97° and 97°F. The average relative humidity during this period was 69, 66, 67 and 72 percent with the average for August being 70 percent, the “normal” based on ten years’ records being 70.2 percent. Hutt (1938) reported on a similar period of high temperatures during July of. . .
Nonlocal field theory model for nuclear matter

Nuclear matter is investigated in the relativistic Hartree approximation to a nonlocal \ensuremath{\sigma}-\ensuremath{\omega} model containing short distance vertex form factors to simulate an underlying QCD substructure. At the Hartree level only the nucleon momentum dependence of the distributed vertex enters and the resulting finite nonlocal field theory model is solved in Euclidean metric with simple Gaussian forms for the so-called sideways form factors. To reproduce saturated nuclear matter the nonlocal model selects form-factor ranges at the nucleon mass scale.
The path of lease resistance: How changes to lease accounting treatment may impact your business

Abstract In this installment of Accounting Matters, we examine potential consequences of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Proposed Accounting Standards Updates for Leases. In the context of a previous accounting change (FIN 48), we investigate how these changes will affect firms’ accounting choices, investment decisions, debt covenant requirements, and analysis of other key financial data. Changes in accounting standards may have significant indirect economic effect on companies as they can trigger debt covenant violations, restrict access to capital, and distort key financial information used by investors and lenders. New accounting standards may also directly affect the calculation of employee bonuses and incentives that utilize EBITDA or operating income as benchmarks. We include recommendations for managers and identify specific debt covenant components that may limit the negative consequences of the proposed change to lease accounting.
The role of memory in personality continuity: A 25 year follow-up

Abstract Several longitudinal studies have been published showing high retest coefficients in self-report personality inventories. While the data suggest stability in personality over long periods of adulthood, critics have argued that individuals may be motivated to present themselves in consistent fashion to the investigator. It has been suggested that respondents may remember how they answered the items previously. Thus, memory and the desire for consistency may be responsible for the high stability coefficients typically observed. In the present study 85 individuals who had completed the California Test of Personality as university students in 1944 were asked to complete it again 25 years later. Respondents were instructed to remember how they had answered the inventory as students and to fill it out in that manner (Retrospective condition) in addition to responding as they were in the present (Self condition). Results indicated high retest correlations between the 1944 and 1969 Self conditions, where...
Xanthenes: Flourone Derivatives II

Abstract A series of 9-hydrogen and 9-cyano substituted xanthenes was synthesized and their absorption spectra compared. It was found that the cyano group at the C-9 position can produce large bathochromic shifts (about 100 nm).
Positive buoyancy in the oceanic diatom Rhizosolenia debyana H. Peragallo

Abstract Individual chains of Rhizosolenia debyana were hand-collected using SCUBA and their sinking rates examined. Positive buoyancy was observed in 24 of 25 experiments. Average ascension rate was 112 m day−1 (range = 37–166 m day−1). Rhizosolenia chains and Oscillatoria tufts accumulated at the sea surface in layers approximately 1–2 m thick during periods of low wind ( A simple model was constructed to evaluate the theoretical effects of silicification and surface: volume ratio (μm2:μm3) on diatom buoyancy. Decreasing size under conditions of constant silicification led to a rapid increase in total cellular density and a resultant loss of buoyancy. The model predicts that a minimum size exists below which positive buoyancy cannot occur; decreasing silicification decreases this minimum size. These results suggest the large size of oceanic Rhizosolenia species partly reflect an obligate need to be large to float. Unlike other diatoms, their retention within the euphotic zone is not dependent on vertical mixing characteristics.
Public attitudes toward air pollution as a motivational factor in taking action

The public will probably play a major role in determining future programs to combat air pollution. Thus, a major task in any community is to stimulate public acceptance of the responsibility to take some kind of action. This study was conducted to investigate the attitudes of a metropolitan population toward air pollution and to attempt to measure in a crude way that public's willingness to take action. Data were collected by personal interview from 562 adult respondents living in Salt Lake City, Utah, which is surrounded by lofty mountains. High pressure areas frequently form an inversion which holds the air on the valley floor. The air quickly becomes polluted when it cannot escape. A health behavior model, formulated by Irwin Rosenstock, was used as a frame of reference in determining how residents perceive the pollution problem and its probable consequences in relation to their health. Willingness to donate money from one's own resources in an effort to reduce the problem was used as a measure of concern. Those most willing to donate money to combat air pollution were residents who perceived air pollution to be a serious problem in this community; who were personally bothered by it; who were concerned for their family's health, and who had confidence that the problem could be eliminated, or at least reduced by our technical expertise. Demographically, they were the more highly educated males working in high status occupations. The findings of this study suggest the potential usefulness of the model in designing community programs to reduce air pollution.
Numerical Issues for Circulation Control Calculations

Steady-state and time-accurate two-dimensional solutions of the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes equations are obtained for flow over the Lockheed circulation control (CC) airfoil and the General Aviation CC (GACC) airfoil. Numerical issues in computing circulation control flows such as the effects of grid resolution, boundary and initial conditions, and unsteadiness are addressed. For the Lockheed CC airfoil computed solutions are compared with detailed experimental data, which include velocity and Reynolds stress profiles. Three turbulence models, having either one or two transport equations, are considered. Solutions are obtained on a sequence of meshes, with mesh refinement primarily concentrated on the airfoil circular trailing edge. Several effects related to mesh refinement are identified. For example, sometimes sufficient mesh resolution can exclude nonphysical solutions, which can occur in CC airfoil calculations. Also, sensitivities of the turbulence models with mesh refinement are discussed. In the case of the GACC airfoil the focus is on the difference between steady-state and time-accurate solutions. A specific objective is to determine if there is self-excited vortex shedding from the jet slot lip.
Prepregnancy body mass index as an independent risk factor for pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Abstract Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) plays a major role in the perinatal outcome for mother and neonate. With the rising prevalence of obesity, the role of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) as an independent risk factor for PIH and a target for preconception care is important to explore. Methods: We completed a retrospective cohort study of 16,582 women who received obstetrical care at a regional medical center and delivered a singleton pregnancy between 2003 and 2006. Clinical data were derived from the electronic medical record. Logistic regression was used to explore the association of demographic characteristics and medical risk factors with the outcome of PIH. Results: Diagnoses of chronic hypertension, prepregnancy diabetes, and gestational diabetes were more likely in women with increasing prepregnancy maternal BMI (p < 0.0001). The odds of PIH also increased with BMI, ranging from an odds ratio (OR) of 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73-2.31) for overweight women through...
Effect of acute ethanol ingestion on integrated plasma prolactin levels in normal men

Healthy male subjects ingested 1.0 g ethanol/kg (Alcohol Day) and caloric equivalents of sucrose (Control Day). Plasma prolactin was determined on samples collected at 20-min intervals by serial constant blood exfusion, from 2 hr before to 4 hr after the drink. In 14 of the 15 men studied, plasma prolactin levels during the 2-hr period after alcohol administration were elevated an average of 31% above values for the preceding 2-hr period. Data pooled for all subjects revealed a small but statistically significant increase in prolactin coinciding with ascending and peak concentrations of blood alcohol. A significant increment in prolactin was associated with peak blood alcohol levels when values were compared between control and alcohol treatment days. Although of statistical significance, these transient and variable increases were within the normal range of basal prolactin levels for most subjects and are unlikely to be physiologically meaningful.
Are causal relationships sensitive to causality tests

(1987). Are causal relationships sensitive to causality tests? Applied Economics: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 459-465.
The Behrens-Fisher problem, an old solution revisited

A practical solution proposed bySmith[1936] is considered for theBehrens-Fisher problem. This solution is compared to the results given byMehta andSrinivasan [1970] for several different solutions of theBehrens-Fisher problem.Smith's solution was found to be better than those ofBanerjee andFisher and while only slightly worse than those of Pagurova, Wald, and Welch, it is much easier to implement. The stability of the size ofSmith's test was found to be related to the difference in the two sample sizes. Also the higher moments of the approximate test procedure are investigated to further determine its “goodness”.
Bering Land Bridge: Evidence of Spruce in Late-Wisconsin Times

A 14-meter core from a crater lake on Saint Paul Island in the Pribilofs has been examined by pollen analysis. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the core spans more than 10,000 years and probably more than 18,000 years. A sprutce-pollen maximum about 10,000 years ago suggests that spruce advanced to the flanks of the southern coast of the Bering land bridge toward the close of the land-bridge period. The forests of Alaska and Siberia did not merge, however, and the environment of the southern coast of the land bridge remained cold.
The Legacy of Nelson Goodman

Nelson Goodman was one of the soaring figures of twentieth century philosophy.1 His work radically reshaped the subject, forcing fundamental reconceptions of philosophy's problems, ends, and means. Goodman not only contributed to diverse fields, from philosophy of language to aesthetics, from philosophy of science to mereology, his works cut across these and other fields, revealing shared features and connecting links that narrowly focused philosophers overlook. That the author of The Structure of Appearance also wrote Languages of Art is not in the end surprising. No philosophical progress is made, Goodman believes, by arguments adverting to something we know not what. He therefore rejects intensional entities-meanings, essences, propositions, and possibilities-deeming their criteria of identity irremediably obscure. He even repudiates sets, since he regards as unintelligible the contention that the same basic elements (e.g., the null set) can comprise infinitely many distinct entities (the sets). This austerity threatens to leave him bereft of resources. But Goodman's principled parsimony combines with inventiveness and critical acuity to obviate the need for such devices. As graduate students, Goodman and Henry Leonard developed a version of mereology that they called the calculus of individuals.2 Elaborated in The Structure of Appearance, it grounds Goodman's nominalism. Goodman takes the difference between mereology and set theory to lie in the constraints on construction they permit. Set theory admits infinitely many distinct entities-sets of sets of sets of sets... -all composed of the same basic elements. Mereology holds that the same basic elements are parts of but a single whole. Goodman's nominalism consists in a refusal to recognize more than one entity comprised of exactly the same basic elements. This says nothing about the metaphysical constitution of the elements. Whether to
Separation of malto-oligosaccharides by high-performance thin-layer chromatography at moderate temperature

Abstract A procedure for the thin-layer chromatography of malto-oligosaccharides over a temperature range of 22 to 70° is described. Various mixtures of acetone, ethanol, 2-propanol and water were used as solvent. A method is proposed for estimating the temperature at which oligomers of a given degree of polymerization will be resolved.
Perception of synthetic nasal consonants in initial and final syllable position

Identification and discrimination of synthesized syllable-initial and syllable-final nasal consonants (/mae-nae-ηae/ and aem-aen-aeη) by adult American subjects were assessed to determine (1) whether place-of-articulation contrasts in nasals, cued only by second and third formant transition variations, were perceived categorically, and (2) if linguistic experience affected_ the perception of this acoustic dimension. In two experiments, subjects produced consistent identification functions with sharp boundaries between familiar phoneme categories. Corresponding discrimination functions showed “peaks” of relatively accurate perception for cross-category comparison pairs, indicating categorical perception. Identification consistency and discrimination accuracy were inferior for the/n/-/η/ contrast in the unfamiliar (and phonologically inappropriate) syllable-initial condition compared to the familiar syllable-final condition. No such difference was found in identification and discrimination of the acoustically comparable oral stop consonant contrast/d/-/g/in syllable-initial and syllable-final position. These results provide evidence that perception of linguistically relevant acoustic dimensions by adults is constrained, at least in part, by their familiarity with those acoustic (and phonetic) contrasts in specific phonological contexts.
Endogenous opioids and the first suckling episode in the rat.

Endogenous activity at opioid receptors affects the appetitive behavior of Caesarean-delivered rat pups during presentation of a surrogate nipple that provides milk. Blockade of opioid receptors by peripheral injection of naloxone has no effect on responses evoked by the surrogate nipple. Similarly, blockade of caudal brain opioid receptors by injection of naloxone into the cisterna magna has no effect on the pup's behavior in response to the surrogate nipple. However, blockade of rostral opioid receptors by injection of naloxone into the cerebral ventricles increases the latency to the first oral grasp response, decreases total time on the nipple, and virtually eliminates ingestion of milk from the surrogate nipple (Experiment 1). Blockade of endogenous opioid activity does not affect responses to a nipple that provides distilled water (Experiment 2) or to an empty surrogate nipple (Experiment 3). These data indicate that during the initial suckling episode endogenous opioids in rostral brain regions affect the pup's behavioral responses to the nipple. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that milk engages opioid systems during the first suckling and that endogenous opioids play a role in early suckling. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 33: 175–183, 1998
Chronic Neurological Disease in Two Manganese Steel Workers

Abstract Two cases of apparent manganese poisoning in a manganese steel plant are reported. A new process had been introduced which was thought to he innocuous. However, both full-time employees on this job developed symptoms and signs of extrapyramidal disease. Urine assays suggested accumulation of manganese in these workers. Survey of the work site showed manganese in significant concentration in the air. A previously unreported finding of extensor plantar responses is described and added to the list of neurological signs found in manganese intoxication. The patients have improved remarkably on removal from manganese exposure and treatment with calcium versenate (Ca EDTA). The present threshold limit value for manganese is a ceiling limit.