cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-canonical roles of apoptotic and DNA double-strand break repair factors in mediating cellular response to ionizing radiation.

Purpose To provide an updated summary of recent advances in our understanding of the non-canonical roles of apoptotic and DNA double-strand break repair factors in various biological processes, especially in the cellular response to radiotherapy. Conclusion Apoptotic caspases are usually considered as "executioners'' of unwanted or damaged cells or tissues. However, recent studies indicated they play multiple additional, often counterintuitive roles in many biological processes. Similarly, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair factors were also found to play unexpected roles beyond repairing damaged DNA. In this review, I will summarize key findings on the non-canonical roles of apoptotic and DSB repair factors in disparate biological and pathological processes such as radiation-induced genetic instability and carcinogenesis, wound healing and tissue regeneration, induced pluripotent stem cell induction, spontaneous and stochastic generation of cancer stem cells, and cancer immunotherapy. I believe these findings will usher in more studies in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.Biographical NoteChuan-Yuan Li, Ph.D., is a Professor of Dermatology, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Moving to Work Retrospective: A Picture of Moving to Work Agencies’ Housing Assistance

“A Picture of Moving to Work Agencies’ Housing Assistance,” one of six reports produced by HUD’s MTW retrospective evaluation, describes MTW agencies in charts, graphs, and tables. It reports the demonstration’s growth between 2003 and 2017 (from 22 to 39 agencies), and its increasing share of HUD funding to PHAs (from 9 to 17 percent). It documents MTW agencies’ large size and their high-cost housing markets. It shows that MTW agencies and traditional PHAs serve households that are nearly the same in terms of age, sex, disability status, family composition, income, and rent burden, but that MTW-assisted households are more likely to be Black. Further, it shows that neighborhood poverty levels for assisted households hardly differ by agency type. Only a few differences emerged: Compared to traditional PHAs, between 2008 and 2016, MTW agencies more rapidly increased the use of project-based vouchers and added new households to their portfolios. In 2016, MTW agencies provided local, non-traditional housing assistance to about 10,000 households, counting sponsor-based programs, development units, and homeownership assistance. An online feature associated with this report, hosted by the Urban Institute, provides information about housing assistance at each individual MTW agency in 2008 and 2016 and allows users to download the data underlying this report.
Biowaiver and Biopharmaceutics Classification System

Biowaiver is defined as FDA waiving the requirement for the in vivo bioavailability/bioequivalence studies. This chapter discusses the following biowaivers: (a) For drug products where bioavailability is self-evident e.g., solutions, (b) Biowaivers in situations where one can rely on in vitro methods instead of in vivo for assessing bioavailability, and (c) Biowaivers based on Biopharmaceutics classification system.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Aortic Valve Stenosis

Echocardiography has become the mainstay of diagnosis of patients with valvular heart disease. Its non-invasive nature, absence of side effects, and portability have rendered it a valuable tool in the diagnosis, follow up, intraoperative, post-operative evaluation of patients with severe aortic stenosis.
A high sensitivity, high bandwidth In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP heterojunction phototransistor

The effects of inserting a thin, low-doped InP layer into the emitter of an N-InP/p/sup +/-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/ As/n-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As heterojunction phototransistor were investigated by both numerical simulation and experiments. This high-low emitter structure can improve both sensitivity and bandwidth over conventional structures at low input optical power by decreasing the bulk recombination current at the heterointerface. Experimental results show that the photocurrent gain is independent of the incident power at high input powers. At low input power, the gain is found to have a small power dependence, with an ideality factor of 1.25. A current gain as high as 260 is obtained at an input power of only 40 nW. >
The Harmony Integration Workbench

A key aspect of any data integration endeavor is determining the relationships between the source schemata and the target schema. This schema integration task must be tackled regardless of the integration architecture or mapping formalism. In this paper, we provide a task model for schema integration. We use this breakdown to motivate a workbench for schema integration in which multiple tools share a common knowledge repository. In particular, the workbench facilitates the interoperation of research prototypes for schema matching (which automatically identify likely semantic correspondences) with commercial schema mapping tools (which help produce instance-level transformations). Currently, each of these tools provides its own ad hoc representation of schemata and mappings; combining these tools requires aligning these representations. The workbench provides a common representation so that these tools can more rapidly be combined.
Grossesses survenues après électro-coagulation et section tubaire par laparoscopie

Between 1970-1975 the authors performed 3160 laparoscopic tubal electrocoagulations and divisions on women desiring permanent sterilization. While the literature reports a failure rate of 0.2% on sterilizations performed with such a procedure in the series considered there were 16 pregnancies i.e. a failure rate of 0.51%. However 7 patients were already pregnant at the time of tubal sterilization bringing the failure rate down to 0.28%. Of these 9 unwanted pregnancies 6 were ectopic. The result of this investigation induced the authors to modify their sterilization procedure and to use only wide electrocoagulation with the bipolar forceps. (Summaries in FRE ENG)
The Evolution of Foodborne Pathogens

Despite continuous advances in food safety and disease surveillance, control, and prevention, foodborne bacterial infections remain a major public health concern. Because foodborne pathogens are commonly exposed to multiple environmental stressors, such as low pH and antibiotics, most have evolved specific mechanisms to facilitate survival in adverse environments.
Decoupled dynamics for control and estimation

Decoupling of the dynamical equations in polar coordinates is used to develop a control scheme for use in target-intercept problems with passive measurements. By defining a pseudo control variable in the radial coordinate, the radial dynamics is made independent of the transverse dynamics. After solving for the radial control, the transverse control is determined through solutions to a two-point boundary value problem. Numerical results from a six degree-of-freedom simulation which used the decoupled control indicate that it is better than the completely Cartesian coordinate control for most of the cases considered. Decoupled control, though, is obtained iteratively through a two-point boundary value problem and, hence, is more computationally intensive. >
Properties of the Leray-Schauder Degree

You may have noticed that once the Brouwer degree was defined and its properties established, we used it in the chapter that followed only in a sort of formal way. In defining the Leray-Schauder degree we needed to know that there was a well-defined integer, called the Brouwer degree, represented by the symbol d(I∈ - f∈, U∈), but we did not have to specify how that integer was defined. Furthermore, and this is the point I want to emphasize, in the proof that the Leray-Schauder degree is well-defined, which is really a theorem about the Brouwer degree, all we needed to know about that degree was two of its properties: homotopy and reduction of dimension. In this chapter, I will list and demonstrate properties of the Leray-Schauder degree; properties which, basically, are consequences of the corresponding properties of the Brouwer degree. Again all we will need to know about the Brouwer degree is its existence and properties. As in the previous chapter, no homology groups will ever appear. Then, once we have established these properties of the Leray-Schauder degree, that’s all we’ll need to know about that degree for the rest of the book. In other words, after this chapter we can forget how the degree was defined.
IRON-CONTAINING PROTEINS IN EUGLENA. II. FUNCTIONAL LOCALIZATION.

Abstract Studies mutants and isolated molecular structures demonstrate that the two haem proteins—cytochrome c (552, Euglena) and cytiochrome b (561, Euglena)—are functionally localized in the choloplasts. Two others—cytochrome type c (556, Euglena) and cytochrome type a (605, Euglena)—appear to be associated with the respiratory system. Data obatined by kinetic analyses of composition during various phases of chloroplast development indicate that functional units in the chlotoplast are built containing constant ratios of chlorophyll to the photosynthetic cytochromes (350 chlorophyll molecules for each cytochrome).
A Microanatomical Study of the Response of the Pilosebaceous Apparatus of the Rabbit's Ear Canal1

This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of the pilosebaceous apparatus of the rabbit's ear canal for observations of the effects of various agents on this skin appendage. At this site it consists of a single hair with large complex sebaceous glands in contrast to the multiple hairs with minute sebaceous glands of furry skin. There are no cerumen glands (apocrine) in the rabbit's ear canal. For these reasons it was thought that it might compare favorably with the human pilosebaceous apparatus. Montagna (18, 19) has studied the response of the epidermis and sebaceous glands of this ear canal to testosterone and podophyllin applied topically. In the present study efforts were made to observe morphologic changes grossly and histologically and to measure quantitative changes in sebaceous glands after various influences.
Modification of hyperacute canine renal homograft and pig-to-dog heterograft rejection by the intra-arterial infusion of citrate.

Recent studies from our laboratories have attempted to clarify the events of hyperacute heterograft and homograft rejection.1, 7, 15, 17, 18 These investigations, as well as those from other laboratories, 3, 5, 6, 14 have emphasized the complexity of this fulminating variety of rejection as well as the nearly simultaneous contributing roles played by preformed humoral antibodies, coagulation, formed blood elements, and complement. It might be anticipated that therapy which interfered with the foregoing etiologic factors could mitigate the vigor of hyperacute rejection. Furthermore, if heterografts and homografts transplanted to naturally or deliberately presensitized recipients undergo rejection by analogous mechanisms, successful treatment under either of these experimental conditions should be applicable to both. In this communication, it will be shown that sodium citrate, a calcium-binding agent, has the same type of ameliorating effect upon heterograft rejection as has already been reported by Linn and associates11 upon hyperacute homograft rejection. Since free calcium ions are required for coagulation, for complement activation, and for a number of other biologic processes, it cannot be stated unequivocally by what means the protection occurred.
Development of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in a patient with simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1-like infection.

Virus transmission from various wild and domestic animals contributes to increased risk of emerging infectious diseases in human populations. HTLV-1 is a human retrovirus associated with acute T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), which originated from zoonotic transmission from various African and Asian nonhuman primates (NHPs). Similar to HTLV-1, the simian counterpart, STLV-1, causes chronic infection and leukemia and lymphoma in naturally infected monkeys. However, other clinical syndromes typically seen in human such as a chronic progressive myelopathy have not been observed in NHPs. Little is also known about the development of any neurologic and inflammatory diseases in human populations infected with STLV-1-like viruses following NHP exposure. We identified and analyzed the complete genome of a primate T lymphotropic virus type 1 (PTLV-1) isolated from a patient with typical HAM/TSP who resides in the United States but was born in Liberia. Using a novel droplet digital PCR for the detection of the HTLV-1 tax gene, the proviral load in PBMC was 14.01%; however there was a distinct difference in fluorescence amplitude compared to all other H!M/TSP patient's, suggesting viral heterogeneity. A complete PTLV-1 proviral genome was amplified from DNA extracted from the PBMCs of the HAM/TSP patient using PCR to generate nine overlapping subgenomic fragments. Phylogenetic analysis of PTLV-1 env and LTR regions showed the virus was highly related with PTLV-1 from sooty mangabey monkeys and humans exposed from NHPs in West Africa. These results suggest the patient is likely infected with STLV-1, suggesting for the first time that viral transmission from monkey to human may be associated with a chronic progressive neurologic disease.
The role of gravity during solidification processing in systems exhibiting a liquid-liquid miscibility gap

Abstract Liquid miscibility gap systems are characterized by a region in which two liquids, often with very different compositions and densities, are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Upon passing through such a region during solidification processing, the density difference between the two liquids promotes rapid separation, coalescence, and, subsequently, severe macrosegregation. With the intent of minimizing this density driven segregation, the microgravity environment of space has long been envisioned as an ideal processing arena. This paper briefly considers results from previous and new studies, both Earth (unit-gravity) and microgravity based. In view of the conclusions drawn, novel methods recently developed for processing hypermonotectic alloys, on Earth, are presented and the role of the microgravity environment is reexamined.
Techniques for extraction of dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus from large volumes of sea water

Abstract Studies of marine phosphorus biodynamics using cosmogenic 32 P as a radio-tracer necessitated the determination of its specific activities 32 P/P ratios) in the dissolved inorganic (DIP) and organic phosphorus (DOP) pools. Owing to the low atmospheric injection rate of 32 P atoms (ca. 6×10 −3 atoms cm −1 , its analysis involves extraction of DIP and DOP from large volumes of sea water (>1 m 3 ). When its work was undertaken, no suitable methods were available for their extraction, especially from large volumes of sea water. Two techniques are presented, one for the exclusive extraction of DIP and the other for both DIP and DOP from up to several m 3 of sea water. The extraction of DIP is based on the selective adsorption of DIP-molybdenum blue complex using a cation-form acrylic fiber. The total dissolved phosphorus is extracted efficiently by adsorbing it on to iron(III) hydroxide surfaces [iron(III) hydroxide-coated acrylic fiber], following a technique used earlrier for the extraction of dissolved silicon and other trace elements from sea water.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune diseases

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) has been classified based on its pathogenesis into immune complex-mediated and complement-mediated MPGN. The immune complex-mediated type is secondary to chronic infections, autoimmune diseases or monoclonal gammopathy. There is a paucity of data on MPGN associated with autoimmune diseases. We reviewed the Mayo Clinic database over a 10-year period and identified 12 patients with MPGN associated with autoimmune diseases, after exclusion of systemic lupus erythematosus. The autoimmune diseases included rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjogren’s syndrome, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis and Graves’ disease. Nine of the 12 patients were female, and the mean age was 57.9 years. C4 levels were decreased in nine of 12 patients tested. The serum creatinine at time of renal biopsy was 2.2 ± 1.0 mg/dl and the urinary protein was 2,850 ± 3,543 mg/24 h. Three patients required dialysis at the time of renal biopsy. Renal biopsy showed an MPGN in all cases, with features of cryoglobulins in six cases; immunoglobulin (Ig)M was the dominant Ig, and both subendothelial and mesangial electron dense deposits were noted. Median follow-up was 10.9 months. Serum creatinine and proteinuria improved to 1.6 ± 0.8 mg/dl and 428 ± 677 mg/24 h, respectively, except in 3 patients with end-stage renal disease. In summary, this study describes the clinical features, renal biopsy findings, laboratory evaluation, treatment and prognosis of MPGN associated with autoimmune diseases.
Bleomycin-induced mutation and recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Clinical preparations of bleomycins (BM) were tested for their recombinogenicity and mutagenicity at relatively high survival levels in the simple eucaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. More than a dozen test loci or genetic intervals were assayed for bleomycin-induced mutation or recombination. Treatments of stationary phase diploid yeast routinely resulted in 25–75% inactivation. The antibiotic was mildly to very highly recombinogenic and mutagenic, with one exception. The amount of bleomycin-induced mutation, gene conversion or crossing-over depended upon the particular genetic markers assayed. The drug was also potently recombinogenic in yeast cells growing in the presence of BM. These results contrast with the finding that this antitumor agent was not mutagenic in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test; possible explanations of this difference are given.
Quantum dynamics of the polarized Gowdy T 3 model

The polarized Gowdy ${\mathbf{T}}^{3}$ vacuum spacetimes are characterized, modulo gauge, by a ``point particle'' degree of freedom and a function \ensuremath{\varphi} that satisfies a linear field equation and a nonlinear constraint. The quantum Gowdy model has been defined by using a representation for \ensuremath{\varphi} on a Fock space F. Using this quantum model, it has recently been shown that the dynamical evolution determined by the linear field equation for \ensuremath{\varphi} is not unitarily implemented on F. In this paper, (1) we derive the classical and quantum model using the ``covariant phase space'' formalism, (2) we show that time evolution is not unitarily implemented even on the physical Hilbert space of states $\mathcal{H}\ensuremath{\subset}\mathcal{F}$ defined by the quantum constraint, and (3) we show that the spatially smeared canonical coordinates and momenta as well as the time-dependent Hamiltonian for \ensuremath{\varphi} are well-defined, self-adjoint operators for all time, admitting the usual probability interpretation despite the lack of unitary dynamics.
The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin on mouse oocytes as monitored at metaphase II

Ovulated oocytes were collected from random-bred, 7-12 week old ICR mice injected with 0, 3, or 6 i.u. pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). Analyses of 872 metaphase figures from 87 females did not show a significant increase in chromosomal imbalance with PMSG treatment. A tendency toward ovum fragmentation was noted with an increase in PMSG dose.
De-Facing Power By Clarissa Rile Hayward. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 224p. $54.95 cloth, $19.95 paper.

Clarissa Rile Hayward's book begins with the provocative claim that focusing on the relationship between the powerful and the powerless is not the best way to study power. Traditional theories of power have concentrated on the question of what it means for A to have power over B. By seeking to discern who possesses it and how their possession diminishes the freedom of others, researchers have tended to put a face on power. In contrast, Hayward “de-faces” power by arguing that it need not entail a relationship between A's and B's but can be understood entirely in terms of how the field of action of both the powerful and the powerless is defined.
Evaluation of the Current Prostate Cancer Staging System Based on Cancer-Specific Mortality in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database

Abstract Background Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men. From a large population-based database, this study aimed to report prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) rates of men diagnosed with various presentations of prostate cancer and to examine the adequacy of the current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Patients and Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for all patients diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1997 to 2005. PCSM was reported by the classification of extent of disease provided by the SEER database, for clinically staged and pathologically staged cohorts. Results Using the cumulative incidence method, PCSM at 10 years for all patients (n = 354,326) was 5% for clinically localized (CL) lesions, 7% for T3aN0M0, 14% for T3bN0M0, 26% for T4N0M0, 27% for T any N1M0, and 66% for T any N any M1. Within the pathologically staged subgroup (n = 108,135), PCSM at 10 years was 1% for CL lesions, 4% for T3aN0M0, 9% for T3bN0M0, 9% for T4N0M0, and 19% for T any N1M0. Conclusion Staging of any disease site aims to accurately communicate, prognosticate, and guide management for that particular level of disease. Stage IV prostate cancer is a diverse group, with PCSM in the subgroups ranging from 9% to 68% in this study. Considering the favorable outcomes of those with T4 or N1 nonmetastatic prostate cancer relative to those with M1 disease, the authors propose that T4 or N1 M0 prostate cancer should be reclassified into a new stage IIIB and that patients with such disease should be offered curative-intent therapy whenever possible.
Prevention of needle displacement in multifraction high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy: A prospective volumetric analysis and technical considerations.

Abstract Purpose We conducted a prospective study to evaluate needle displacements between prostate high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy fractions and offer technical recommendations to help prevent displacements from the outset. Methods and materials Planning computed tomography and verification computed tomography scans were obtained at 1-mm slice thickness and prospectively assessed for interfraction needle movement for each fraction of a 2-fraction HDR prostate boost. For both the planning and verification CTs, distances from each needle tip to the centroid of 3 implanted prostate gold seeds were measured. We determined the mean and range of the displacement distances. Results Thirty-three consecutive patients (66 fractions, 540 needle-pair positions for a total of 1080 needles) were evaluated for changes in the length between the needle tip and centroid displacement. Overall, only 0.2% of the needles had any change greater than 3.5 mm between the needle tip and centroid. The mean amount of displacement was 0.97 mm, with a standard deviation of 0.76 mm. Among the patients, no fraction had more than 1 needle with a variation greater than 3.0 mm. Conclusions Needle displacements in HDR prostate brachytherapy have been reported by numerous institutions using various techniques. We report the first study to demonstrate needle displacement of less than 1 mm on average, and we describe our process of care surrounding the implantation.
Biocatalysis of isomerization of 1,2-benzisoxazole by bovine serum albumin in an organic solvent.

The catalytic properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied rather extensively. The protein has shown catalytic activities toward a variety of reactions in aqueous media. However, there appears to be no reports of reactions catalyzed exclusively in organic media. In this study, we report the catalytic property of BSA on the isomerization of 1,2-benzisoxazole in an organic solvent. Kinetics were performed using a continuous flow system in a spectrophotometer at 330 nm. The catalysis showed a Michaelis-Menten behavior with an estimated catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(M)) of 8.77 M(-1)S(-1). The influence of water content and inhibitors was also studied. The activity of BSA in acetonitrile is approximately 20% of that in water under similar conditions. Inhibition studies show that the active site may be the pyridoxal binding site involving Lys-220.
The role of veterinary epidemiology in combating infectious animal diseases on a global scale: The impact of training and outreach programs

The effectiveness of detection and control of highly contagious animal diseases is dependent on a solid understanding of their nature and implementation of scientifically sound methods by people who are well trained. The implementation of specific detection methods and tools requires training and application in natural as well as field conditions. The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of training in disease investigation and basic veterinary epidemiology in selected countries using the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Asia strain as a disease detection model. Indonesia, Egypt, Nigeria, Turkey, and Vietnam were each identified as either a priority country where AI was spreading rapidly or a country at risk for infection. In each of these countries, a training program on epidemiological concepts, field investigation methodology, and detection of H5N1 Asia strain cases was conducted. This report includes the impact of these training sessions on national animal health programs, including follow-up activities of animal health officers who went through these training sessions.
Hypertension prevalence: an examination of urban and rural Haiti

Abstract Background With the burden of disease shifting from communicable to non-communicable diseases, hypertension is rising as a major health concern in developing nations. Absence of data for surveillance and effect of non-communicable diseases restrict the ability of stakeholders to respond effectively. We aim to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in Haiti and analyse differences in hypertensive status among urban and rural location, age, and sex. Methods We reviewed medical charts at two Haitian clinics: one in the urban city of Port-au-Prince and one in the rural village of Marmont in the Central Plateau, and recorded age, sex, weight, blood pressure, location of patient (urban vs rural), and present treatments and which specific medications. Participants included all non-pregnant outpatients older than 25 years who visited the clinics at least once between Jan 1, 2011. and June 15, 2013. 1019 patients were included in the study; 520 from Port-au-Prince and 490 from Marmont. Findings The overall prevalence of hypertension was 34·4% (n=351, 95% CI 31·8–37·8); with a prevalence of 31·6% (n=167, 95% CI 27·6–35·3) in Port-au-Prince and a prevalence of 37·6% (n=184, 95% CI 34·5–40·9) and Marmont. Younger participants had lower rates of hypertension than did older participants. Patients aged 25–34 years had a hypertension prevalence of 12·0% (n=41), aged 35–44 years of 23·8% (n=51), aged 45–54 years of 46·9% (n=91), aged 55–64 years of 58·6% (n=65), and aged older than 65 years of 65·6% (n=103). No observable differences were noted between locations within the same age group. When sex was compared, 34·7% (n=227) of women and 34·0% (n=124) of men were hypertensive. Women in the rural location had a significantly higher prevalence (39·0%, n=122) of hypertension than women in the urban location (30·8%, n=105, p=0·028). Of 351 total hypertensive participants, only 54·1% (n=190) showed any evidence of being prescribed antihypertensives in their chart. Interpretation This study suggests that hypertension is a major health problem in Haiti. Interventions are needed to address the proper management of hypertensive patients through medications and follow-ups, particularly in rural hypertensive women. Further research needs to be done to confirm the increased hypertension prevalence in rural locations in Haiti and to explore the causes of the differing hypertension prevalence in populations by location and sex. Funding Global Health Scholar Award from the Department of Public Health Sciences at University of Miami.
Afro-Eurasia and the Americas present barriers to gene flow for the cosmopolitan neustonic nudibranch Glaucus atlanticus

Pelagic species have been traditionally thought to occupy vast, genetically interconnected, geographic ranges in an essentially homogeneous environment. Although this view has been challenged recently for some mesopelagic planktonic taxa, the population structure of hyponeustonic (surface-drifting) species remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis of panmixis in Glaucus atlanticus, a cosmopolitan neustonic nudibranch, by assessing the genetic differentiation of multiple representatives from a global neustonic sampling effort. Specimens were collected from all subtropical oceanic gyre systems (North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean). We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene for 98 individuals and performed population structure, differentiation (analysis of molecular variance, spatial analysis of molecular variance, F ST, Jost’s D), and molecular clock analyses. Our results indicate that G. atlanticus is not globally panmictic, but that populations appear to be panmictic within ocean basins. We detected several topologically ectopic haplotypes in the Atlantic Ocean, but the molecular clock analysis indicates that these have diverged from closely related Indo-Pacific haplotypes over 1.2 MYA, coinciding with cooling in waters around in the southern tip of Africa and resulting oceanographic changes. These data and the fact that G. atlanticus is not known from polar latitudes suggest that gene flow between ocean basins is hindered by physical barriers (supercontinents) and water temperatures in the Arctic and Southern Oceans.
The lewis basicity of a coordinated S-sulfinate ligand

Abstract The interaction of C5H5Fe(CO)(PR3)(SO2CH3) (R = n-C4H9 or C6H5) with BF3 in toluene at 0° leads to the formation of the corresponding 1:1 addition compound. The P(n-C4H9)3 adduct is stable with respect to decomposition into its components at 25°; however, the P(C6H5)3 adduct undergoes appreciable dissociation after 8 hr at 25°. Several structures for these acid-base complexes are considered. From the infrared spectra it is inferred that boron-sulfinate oxygen linkages are present.
Duplex-Guided Endovascular Repair of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms (PAAs): A New Approach to Avert the Use of Contrast Material and Radiation Exposure

Abstract Objective Our previously reported experience with balloon angioplasties and stenting for occlusive infra-inguinal arterial disease using duplex guidance encouraged us to expand the indication for this imaging modality to include endovascular repair of popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs). The present study evaluated the feasibility of performing this procedure under duplex guidance alone. Methods Fifteen patients (14 males and one female) underwent duplex-guided placement of Viabahn ® stented grafts (7–10mm) for repair of PAAs over the last 50 months. The mean of patients' age was 80±6 years (range: 66–92 years). Fifty-three percent of these patients had chronic renal failure. The mean PAA diameter was 22±12mm (range: 12–57mm). Only two patients (13%) had no direct run-off to the foot. Pre-procedure mean PA volume flow (mPAVF) was 73±39ml/min. None of the patients received contrast material or radiation exposure. Results Fourteen endografts were placed percutaneously under local anaesthesia, and the remaining graft was placed during an open repair of an ipsilateral common femoral artery aneurysm under regional nerve block. Both the proximal and distal ends of the endograft were placed at least 2.5cm into a non-dilated segment of the recipient artery. The post-procedure mPAVF was 137±38ml/min (range: 80–210ml/min). There were no local complications. Three patients developed graft thrombosis at 2, 5 and 30 months post-procedure. The first two patients had no direct flow into the foot and had post-procedure mPAVF 100ml/min. Two patients (13%) died at 1 month (respiratory failure) and 3 months (intracranial haemorrhage) post-procedure. Conclusions Endovascular repair of PAAs with Viabahn ® stented grafts can be performed under duplex guidance alone. This imaging modality appears to be safe and reliable and it may be particularly beneficial in patients with renal failure. Poor run-off and low mPAVF (
Mutation analysis and molecular genetics of epidermolysis bullosa

Cutaneous basement membrane zone (BMZ) consists of a number of attachment structures that are critical for stable association of the epidermis to the underlying dermis. These include hemidesmosomes, anchoring filaments and anchoring fibrils which form an interconnecting network extending from the intracellular milieu of basal keratinocytes across the dermal-epidermal basement membrane to the underlying dermis. Aberrations in this network structure, e.g. due to genetic lesions in the corresponding genes, can result in fragility of the skin at the level of the cutaneous BMZ. The prototype of such diseases is epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a heterogeneous group of genodermatoses characterized by fragility and blistering of the skin, often associated with extracutaneous manifestations, and inherited either in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. Based on constellations of the phenotypic manifestations, severity of the disease, and the level of tissue separation within the cutaneous BMZ, EB has been divided into clinically distinct subcategories, including the simplex, hemidesmosomal, junctional and dystrophic variants. Elucidation of BMZ gene/protein systems and development of mutation detection strategies have allowed identification of mutations in 10 different BMZ genes which can explain the clinical heterogeneity of EB. These include mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) in the dystrophic (severely scarring) forms of EB; mutations in the laminin 5 genes (LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2) in a lethal (Herlitz) variant of junctional EB; aberrations in the type XVII collagen gene (COL17A1) in non-lethal forms of junctional EB; mutations in the alpha6 and beta4 integrin genes in a distinct hemidesmosomal variant of EB with congenital pyloric atresia; and mutations in the plectin gene (PLEC1) in a form of EB associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy. Identification of mutations in these gene/protein systems attests to their critical importance in the overall stability of the cutaneous BMZ. Furthermore, elucidation of mutations in different variants of EB has direct clinical applications in terms of refined classification, improved genetic counseling, and development of DNA-based prenatal testing in families with EB.
Conversion of percutaneous ureteral stent to indwelling pigtail stent over guidewire

A ureteral stent placed percutaneously through a nephrostomy can be readily exchanged endoscopically for a ureteral indwelling pigtail stent over a percutaneous guide wire. Percutaneous antegrade stent placement can sometimes be accomplished when retrograde placement cannot. We report 10 successful conversions to indwelling stent in 11 cases. In 1 case the percutaneous guide wire could not be retrieved endoscopically because of a bleeding tumor in the bladder. No serious difficulties or complications were encountered. The percutaneous approach offers an alternative method of providing internal urinary diversion if retrograde ureteral indwelling stent placement has failed.
Propagation and decay of low temperature plasma packets in arrays of dielectric microchannels

Propagation of ionization waves in an atmospheric pressure, rare gas background has been observed in arrays of parallel microchannels fabricated in nanostructured alumina (Al2O3). Propelled by the accumulation of charge on the microchannel wall, packets of low temperature, nonequilibrium plasma propagate at a uniform velocity of ∼20 km-s−1 in 230 μm wide, 3.5 cm long channels flanked by Al electrodes buried in the Al2O3 wall. Temporally and spatially resolved images of the microchannel plasmas show the ionization wave to have a mean length of ∼5.2 mm and the dominant mechanism for volumetric electron loss to be dissociative recombination.
Ancillary Functions for Smartphone Weight-Mile Tax Truck Data: Evaluation of Data on Smartphone Weight-Mile Tax for Trucks for Supporting Freight Modeling, Performance Measures, and Planning

Oregon is one of the few states that currently charge a weight-mile tax (WMT) on commercial trucks. This research evaluated ancillary applications for a system developed by the Oregon Department of Transportation (DOT) to simplify WMT collection. The data collection system developed by Oregon DOT—truck road use electronics (TRUE)—includes a smartphone application with a Global Positioning System (GPS) device and microprocessor. The TRUE data have enormous advantages over the GPS data used in previous research because of TRUE's level of disaggregation and potential to differentiate between vehicle and commodity types. This research evaluated the accuracy of the TRUE data and demonstrated the successful application of the data to develop trip generation rates for a variety of truck types and land use categories. This research confirms the value of the TRUE data to enhance existing Oregon DOT transportation planning models and performance measures.
Postthrombotic syndrome: feasibility of a strategy of imaging-guided endovascular intervention.

Abstract Purpose To describe the short-term efficacy of a strategy of imaging-guided endovascular intervention for the treatment of patients with established postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Materials and Methods The medical records of 183 patients with venous disease who were seen in a single interventional radiology clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Study inclusion criteria were (i) endovascular intervention performed to treat established PTS from January 1, 2000, to March 10, 2009; (ii) patient age greater than 18 years; and (iii) availability of follow-up records. A total of 44 patients (20 men, 24 women; mean age, 42.2 y ± 14.1) with PTS who had received 72 interventions (iliac vein stent placement [n = 52] and endovenous laser ablation [EVLA; n=20]) were identified. A reviewer who did not participate in their care evaluated the follow-up records; recorded the presence or absence of pain, swelling, and active ulceration; and categorized the degree of symptom improvement. Results Of 45 treated limbs in 40 patients with available follow-up, complete, partial, or no improvement of overall symptoms was observed in 46.7%, 33.3%, and 20.0%, respectively. The proportions of limbs with pain (35.0% after treatment vs 82.5% before; McNemar test, P P Conclusions The use of an endovascular strategy to treat patients with established PTS was associated with complete or partial symptom relief in 80% of patients at short-term follow-up.
A critical evaluation of two-pyroxene thermometry in Adirondack granulites

Abstract Temperatures have been calculated from the composition of sixty-five coexisting ortho- and clinopyroxene pairs from the Adirondacks, New York, using calibrations proposed by Wood & Banno (1973), Ross & Huebner (1975), Saxena (1976) and Wells (1977), in order to test the accuracy and precision of pyroxene thermometers in metamorphic granulites. Calculated temperatures are highly scattered ( C ) and show no systematic variation within the Adirondack terrane. Several pyroxene pairs from very localized areas near Colton (N.W. Adirondacks) and Tupper Lake (C. Adirondacks) yield similar scattered temperatures (600–900°C), which disagree with feldspar and oxide thermometry and are inconsistent with the stability of various silicate and/or sulfide assemblages. All pyroxene thermometer models are sensitive to ferrous-ferric ratios with variations of up to 50°C when Fe3+ is estimated from pyroxene stoichiometry of pyroxene compositions obtained by microprobe analysis. These data suggest that the present pyroxene thermometers are sufficiently inconsistent, inaccurate and imprecise that they should not be used as quantitative thermometers in metamorphic rocks.
Latent Components in the Electrocardiogram

A new decomposition technique useful for representing a set of observed electrocardiograms is presented. This decomposition is different from past techniques in the constraints placed on the component waveforms in that they must be positive and start, stop, and overlap in a prescribed manner. The number of component waveforms is dependent on the maximum error tolerated in the reconstruction of the observed waveforms from the component representation.
Flash communication between the sexes of the firefly, Photuris lucicrescens

ABSTRACT. The courtship signal of the male firefly, Photuris lucicrescens Barber (Coleoptera, Lampyridae), is a brilliant crescendo flash which grows in intensity, reaches a peak and abruptly terminates. It was found to be triggered by a long neural burst from the brain. Males and females produce weak, twinkling flashes which induce male crescendo flashes. Female responses were triggered by a slowly rising intensity, and female response latency is therefore variable. Male and female P.lucicrescens fireflies produce two different types of flashes and both these flashes play an integral part in their courtship communication.
The effects of two forms of physical activity on eyeblink classical conditioning

Voluntary exercise, in the form of free access to a running wheel in the home cage, has been shown to improve several forms of learning and memory. Acrobatic training, in the form of learning to traverse an elevated obstacle course, has been shown to induce markers of neural plasticity in the cerebellar cortex in rodents. In three experiments, we examined the effects of these two forms of physical activity on delay eyeblink conditioning in rats. In Experiment 1, exercising rats were given 17 days of free access to a running wheel in their home cage prior to 10 days of delay eyeblink conditioning. Rats that exercised conditioned significantly better and showed a larger reflexive eyeblink unconditioned response to the periocular stimulation unconditioned stimulus than rats that did not exercise. In Experiment 2, exercising rats were given 17 days of free access to a running wheel in their home cage prior to 10 days of explicitly unpaired stimulus presentations. Rats that exercised responded the same to tone, light, and periocular stimulation as rats that did not exercise. In Experiment 3, acrobatic training rats were given 15 days of daily training on an elevated obstacle course prior to 10 days of eyeblink conditioning. Activity control rats underwent 15 days of yoked daily running in an open field. Rats that underwent acrobatic training did not differ in eyeblink conditioning from activity control rats. The ability to measure the learned response precisely, and the well-mapped neural circuitry of eyeblink conditioning offer some advantages for the study of exercise effects on learning and memory.
Pocket radiologist, temporal bone: Top 100 diagnoses

This electronic medium from the Pocket Radiologist collections is called Temporal Bone-Top 100 Diagnoses. The product installs easily and functions in a rapid fashion on a PDA (Palm operating system, version 3.5 or greater). Initially, a CD is loaded onto a desk or laptop computer with a Windows operating system. After installation a Hot Sync is performed and the information is then transferred to the PDA. It is important to register the product in the parent company website and to obtain the license key number which ‘unlocks’ the software in the PDA. This “electronic text” comprehensively covers pathologic entities affecting the temporal bone. The images and diagrams are of excellent quality, well-labeled, and accompanied by image legends. The small size of the screen does not limit demonstration of the anatomy and pathology (a highresolution Sony Clie was used for this review). The PDA portability allows quick reference if the diagnosis is known. Differential diagnoses, pathology, clinical information, image facts, and references are given for each topic in a concise format not unlike the format used in many lectures. One shortcoming is that diagrams of temporal bone anatomy, which some radiologists may desire, are not included. In the occasions when a diagnosis is not known and an attempt is made to determine the diagnosis from imaging findings, this product is more difficult to use than when the diagnosis is already known and one wishes to review information pertinent to it. For radiologists with some experience in head and neck imaging, this will not be a big hurdle. The ability to view the information on a larger computer screen as well as in the PDA would be useful, but is not currently available. Overall, this electronic medium excels because of its portability, which should make it quite useful for studying and for rapid consultation during case interpretation.
Glucose biochip: dual analyte response in connection to two pre-column enzymatic reactions

This article describes a novel 'Lab-on-a-Chip' protocol generating two electrophoretic peaks for a single analyte, based on the coupling of two different pre-column enzymatic reactions of the same substrate followed by electrophoretic separation of the reaction products. Such operation is illustrated for the measurement of glucose in connection to the corresponding glucose oxidase (GOx) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) reactions. The pre-column enzymatic reactions generate hydrogen peroxide and NADH species, that are separated (based on their different charges) and detected at the end-column amperometric detector. The peak current ratio can be used for confirming the peak identity, estimating the peak purity, addressing co-migrating interferences, and deviations from linearity. A driving voltage of 2000 V results in peroxide and NADH migration times of 93 and 260 s, respectively. Factors influencing the unique dual glucose response are examined and optimized. The concept can be extended to different target analytes based on the coupling of two pre-column reactions with electrophoretic separation of the reaction products.