cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Modal Antigen Specific Therapy for Autoimmunity

Peripheral tolerance, represents an attractive strategy to down-regulate previously activated T cells and suppress an ongoing disease. Herein, immunoglobulins (Igs) were used to deliver self and altered self peptides for efficient peptide presentation without costimulation to test for modulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Accordingly, the encephalitogenic proteolipid protein (PLP) sequence 139–151 (referred to as PLP1) and an altered form of PLP1 known as PLP-LR were genetically expressed on Igs and the resulting Ig-PLPl and Ig-PLP-LR were tested for efficient presentation of the peptides and for amelioration of ongoing EAE. Evidence is presented indicating that Ig-PLPl as well as Ig-PLP-LR given in saline to mice with ongoing clinical EAE suppresses subsequent relapses. However, aggregation of both chimeras allows crosslinking of Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) and induction of IL-10 production by APCs but does not promote the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules. Consequently, IL-10 dis...
The organization of conceptual materials: A methodology for measuring ideal and actual cognitive structures

The teaching-learning process is described in terms of a simple communication model with four components: the sender, the encoding structure, the decoding structure, and the destination. Within this context a method is proposed and illustrated for evaluating a student's understanding of the system of concepts underlying the topic areas in an elementary statistics and measurement course. The method, multidimensional scaling, involves determining the students' and instructor's cognitive maps for the various topics. A cognitive map represents a hypothetical cognitive structure of a student or instructor which characterizes his perceived organization of the concepts in a topic area. These individual cognitive maps were compared to the optimal organization or formal structure, as a basis for assessing the students' under-standing of the material. The present research was exploratory but demonstrated that: 1. With the help of experts it is possible to define the formal structure for the concepts in a topic area. 2. It is possible to measure, in a classroom setting, the cognitive maps that both the students and instructors have for a topic area. 3. By comparing individual students' cognitive maps to the instructor's cognitive map or to the formal structure, the student's understanding of the system of concepts defining the topic area can be evaluated.
Hyperuricemia in a male Filipino population.

In view of the high frequency of gouty arthritis reported in Filipinos, a population of normal Filipino males and an age-matched group of Caucasian males were examined. The mean serum uric acid value (with standard deviation) was found to be 6.3 ± 1.4 mg. per 100 ml. for Filipinos and 5.0 ± 1.1 mg. per 100 ml. for Caucasians, using the uricaseultraviolet spectrophotometric method of Praetorius. The serum uric acid frequency distribution curve was found to be symmetrical for the Caucasians and skewed to high values for the Filipinos. Viste le alte frequentia de arthritis guttose reportate pro philippinos, un population de normal masculos philippin esseva examinate, si ben como un gruppo de masculos de racia blanc de etates appareate. Esseva trovate que le valor medie pro le acido uric del sero (con D.S.) esseva 6,3 ± 1,4 mg per 100 ml pro philippinos e 5,0 ± 1.l mg. per 100 ml pro individuos de racia blanc, determinate secundo le methodo spectrophotometric de Praetorius. Esseva constatate que le curva del distribution de frequentia esseva symmetric pro le blancos e dissymmetrisate verso alte valores pro le philippinos.
Observation of triplet hole pairs and glassy spin waves in La 2 − x − z Sr x Cu O 4 − y by electron spin resonance

We have systematically studied ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4\ensuremath{-}y}$ by ESR. For hole concentration $h=1+3z+x\ensuremath{-}2yg1$, the ground state most probably contains triplet hole pairs. For $yg0$, excitations of the anisotropic quantum spin fluid (AQSF) (with rather long-range dynamic order) are observed for $180lTl470$ K. The AQSF freezes into an anisotropic quantum spin glass at ${T}_{\mathrm{SG}}\ensuremath{\simeq}100$ K (where phonon anomalies also occur), implying spin-phonon and competing spin-spin interactions are important. Below ${T}_{\mathrm{SG}}$, two spin-wave-like resonances are observed, suggesting local symmetry breaking of the third spin degree of freedom.
Mixed-model splines for environmental time series

Eleven-year biweekly time series of larval abundance of benthic fauna in a South Carolina salt marsh reveal, in the log scale, a clear annual pattern of alternating near-linear growth and decay. The ecological processes governing these dynamics, particularly the dramatic year-to-year differences in annual maxima and minima, are mysterious. Traditional time series analyses (Fourier and ARIMA methods) can in some cases adequately mimic the patterns in these series, but they do little to enhance ecological understanding because they are not meaningfully parameterized. We model these series using floating-knot linear splines in two ways: (i) as high-dimensional non-linear regression models with no forced similarity from year to year; and (ii) as a hierarchical spline model placing a probability distribution on annual maxima, minima, growth rate and decay rate across years, thereby enforcing some similarity in seasonal patterns. We discuss fitting and inference under both approaches; both yield excellent fits with ecologically interpretable results that can be used to shed light on governing processes. Results of a simulation study show that the hierarchical approach can yield substantial improvements in efficiency over the non-linear regression approach, particularly for series with low interannual variability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rat erythrocytes express the anionic amino acid transport protein EAAC1.

Abstract ABSTRACT EAAC1 is a widely expressed protein which transports anionic amino acids in a Na + -dependent fashion. Rat erythrocytes have generally been thought to be impermeant to anionic amino acids. Utilizing immunoelectron microscopy, we have demonstrated the presence of EAAC1-immunoreactive protein within rat erythrocytes. Immunoblotting revealed the presence of an approximately 60-kDa protein, consistent with EAAC1, in erythrocyte membranes. Specificity was confirmed by peptide competition. In conclusion, EAAC1 is expressed in rat erythrocytes.
Feedback between the Land Surface Energy Balance and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Diagnosed through a Model and Its Adjoint

Abstract In this paper, the differences in (daytime) sensitivity of surface turbulent fluxes to states and parameters for a coupled land–atmospheric boundary layer model in coupled and uncoupled modes are investigated using an adjoint framework. The adjoint approach yields diagnostic insight into sensitivity pathways that is not readily obtained when using a traditional forward sensitivity framework. It is shown that the corresponding uncoupled adjoint model is a special case of the coupled adjoint model in which the atmospheric feedback pathways are “closed.” These closed sensitivity pathways are directly responsible for the differences in sensitivity between the uncoupled and coupled models. Integrating the adjoint models about a consistent and common trajectory provided by the forward model yields the sensitivities of the surface turbulent fluxes to all of the model states and parameters, which are shown to be significantly different because of the boundary layer feedbacks. Furthermore, the adjoint sen...
Toeplitzness of composition operators in several variables

Motivated by the work of Nazarov and Shapiro on the unit disk, we study asymptotic Toeplitzness of composition operators on the Hardy space of the unit sphere in . We extend some of their results but we also show that new phenomena appear in higher dimensions.
Investigation of an Axial Fan—Blade Stress and Vibration Due to Aerodynamic Pressure Field and Centrifugal Effects

A 1.829m (6ft) diameter industrial large flow-rate axial fan operated at 1770rpm was studied experimentally in laboratory conditions. The flow characteristics on the fan blade surfaces were investigated by measuring the pressure distributions on the blade suction and pressure surfaces and the results were discussed by comparing with analytical formulations and CFD. Flow visualizations were also performed to validate the flow characteristics near the blade surface and it was demonstrated that the flow characteristics near the fan blade surface were dominated by the centrifugal force of the fan rotation which resulted in strong three-dimensional flows. The time-dependent pressure measurement showed that the pressure oscillations on the fan blade were significantly dominated by vortex shedding from the fan blades. It was further demonstrated that the pressure distributions during the fan start-up were highly unsteady, and the main frequency variation of the static pressure was much smaller than the fan rotational frequency. The time-dependent pressure measurement when the fan operated at a constant speed showed that the magnitude of the blade pressure variation with time and the main variation frequency was much smaller than the fan rotational frequency. The pressure variations that were related to the vortex shedding were slightly smaller than the fan rotational frequency. The strain gages were used to measure the blade stress and the results were compared with FEA results.
Carbonic acid gas as a contrast medium in the radiography of infants and children

Summary The use of carbonated beverages at room temperature has been found helpful in the radiography of the kidneys and stomach in infants and children.
Fracture Behavior of Thin Film PZT on Silicon Mems and Membranes

This research focuses on identifying the fracture mechanism in thin film silicon membranes and PZT on silicon composite structures under static and dynamic loading conditions. Square silicon membranes with a 3mm side-length and thickness between 1.5 and 3.0μm, with and without 1.5μm of PZT, were pressurized to failure while laser interferometry was used to determine the maximum strain at failure. The strain at fracture of silicon membranes, initiating from the sharp corner radius inside the micromachined cavity, was improved from 0.37% to 0.8% by an isotropic etch of the sharp corner. Fracture of PZT on silicon membranes, tested at the mechanical resonant frequency suggested that fracture initiates in the blanket PZT layers under reversed bending. Etching the PZT from high strain regions along the membrane surface improved the strain at failure of the composite device by 40%.
Dermal-fat graft as a primary enucleation technique.

Abstract A retrospective study of 36 dermal-fat grafts was undertaken to determine the indications as a primary enucleation implant material. Twentytwo patients or 61% required a reoperation in a three-year follow-up period. Sixty-seven percent required secondary prosthetic revision. We do not recommend dermal-fat grafting for routine enucleation due to high reoperation rate and prosthetic revisions.
Lessons in teaching game design

In this paper, we describe a video game design and programming class offered as part of the California Summer School for Mathematics and Science (COSMOS) program at University of California, Santa Cruz. The authors have co-taught this class for four years, and have had an opportunity to iteratively explore a number of approaches in teaching the class. The course has evolved a great deal over the last four years; this paper presents a post-mortem of the program so far, describes our different approaches, and provides insight into the game design process for students.
Measurements of Charge Nonuniformity on Polystyrene Latex Particles

The experimental technique of rotational electrophoresis, similar in principle to standard translational electrophoresis, has been developed to quantify the charge nonuniformity on Brownian colloidal particles. Experiments were conducted on doublets of 4.5 μm polystyrene latex particles under various solution conditions, finding variations in zeta potential on individual particle surfaces of 50−75% of the average zeta potentials. Significant charge nonuniformity was found for all systems studied, indicating that charge nonuniformity might be critical in many colloidal applications.
Preparation of a wave packet through a mixed level in Li2; predissociation of one member of the superposition

Abstract Through a mixed level, which has characters of both the A 1 Σ u + and b 3 Π u states of Li 2 , several singlet and triplet Rydberg states are accessed simultaneously using an ultrafast laser. The electronic, vibrational and rotational wave packets of these Rydberg states are detected. Since a single member of the excited superposition, 2 3 Σ g + ( v = 12, N = 16), is predissociative, the intensities of the quantum beats that have a component of this state decrease much faster with time (≈250 ps) than the other stable states. The polarization dependence of the quantum beats is utilized to assign the spectra.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Applied to Parent Skills Training: Adjunctive Treatment for Parents With Difficulties in Affect Regulation

Abstract Poor outcomes in parent training programs have been associated with parental psychopathology in general, and difficulties in parental affect regulation in particular. Although many parents may be able to learn behavioral management skills in a controlled therapy setting, for those who experience affect dysregulation, generalization of these skills to the natural environment may be challenging when their emotions are aroused. Parents, particularly those who struggle with affect dysregulation around their child's behavior, may benefit from dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) because it specifically targets problems in emotion regulation. Thus, the purpose of this article is to discuss relevant aspects of DBT (e.g., dialectics, biosocial model, and validation) and highlight its applicability to parents who struggle with affect dysregulation. Several clinical case studies will also be presented to elucidate how mental health professionals can address the affect dysregulation in parents by teaching them DBT skills to manage their own negative emotions, particularly when their child's behavior is the source of emotional arousal.
Effect of PBT melt viscosity on the morphology and mechanical properties of compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends with ABS

Abstract The toughness and morphology of poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT, blends with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene, ABS, materials are very sensitive to the PBT molecular weight or melt viscosity. High PBT melt viscosity is shown to lead to improved ABS (and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer, SAN) dispersion which improves the low temperature fracture toughness of PBT/ABS blends. Compatibilization by methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate terpolymers, or MGE, was shown to further improve ABS and SAN dispersion and reduce the ductile–brittle transition temperature. Addition of the compatibilizer broadens the window of acceptable processing temperatures. The minimum quantity of ABS required to toughen PBT is lower the higher the PBT melt viscosity. The tensile properties of PBT/ABS/MGE blends were shown to be relatively insensitive to PBT melt viscosity or reactive compatibilization.
Breast and cervical cancers diagnosed and stage at diagnosis among women served through the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.

Purpose To assess cancers diagnosed and the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis among low-income, under-insured, or uninsured women who received services through the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP).
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON THE ABSORPTION EDGES OF SOME III-V, II-VI, AND I-VII COMPOUNDS

The effect of pressure to 160 kilobars was measured on the absorption edges of the III-V compounds AlSb, GaSb, InP, and InAs, the II-VI compounds CdS, CdSe, and CdTe, and the I-VII compounds CuCl, CuBr, and CuI. It is possible to discuss the band structure of the III-V compounds with reasonable assurance relative to known group IV and III-V structures. For the II-VI and I-VII compounds, ionic and other effects must be important. A number of new phase transitions were noted at high pressure. For CuCl and CuBr the $T\ensuremath{-}P$ curves of some of these transitions were established.
Activated extraction of coal using a hydrogen-donor solvent

Abstract The kinetics of the extraction of a high-volatile bituminous coal with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) under the influence of ultrasonic energy has been studied at five temperatures: from 47 to 87°C. The effects of intensity of ultrasonic energy, particle size, and hydrogen content of the coal were also recorded. Analysis of the results showed that a second-order reaction followed by a first-order reaction best describes the kinetics of the extraction process. The enthalpies of the second-order and first-order regions were respectively 8.7 and 2.5 kcal/mol, suggesting essentially physical control. The entropies were respectively −44 and −70 e.u. Auxiliary experiments and the kinetic data obtained suggest a model for the extraction process. The mechanism of the overall reaction is undoubtedly complex, but the data indicate that van der Waals and hydrogen-bonding forces are most affected by the ultrasonic energy, although stronger bonding is also affected giving much higher yields than would be expected. From the yields obtained in this study it is concluded that ultrasonic energy acts by rupturing bonds that are not affected by the solvent alone; the bonds affected are either strong hydrogen bonds or aliphatic covalent bonds, but not aromatic bonds.
The impact of price variation on the production of crude oil and natural gas

Abstract This paper is directed at examining the impact of changing prices on the level of production of crude oil and natural gas in the United States. By using a cross correlation test for unidirectional causality, it is clearly demonstrated that for both crude oil and natural gas, domestic production is affected by changing prices. The implications are clear. The decontrol of the price of crude oil and the deregulation of natural gas prices will lead to additional production in the near term.
Evaluation of the phagocytic-bactericidal capacity of neutrophils: a current review.

Abstract The evaluation of neutrophil function is an important consideration in the overall ability of the host defense system to cope adequately with an active infection. Although knowledge of interaction between white blood cells and bacteria and the subsequent changes in intracellular metabolism has increased rapidly within the past several years, the precise mechanisms involved and their relative importance have yet to be elucidated unequivocally. This lack of understanding is largely responsible for the difficulty in establishing a reliable laboratory test of neutrophil phagocytic-bactericidal capacity. The most widely used method for evaluating neutrophil function is the nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) test and its variations. The reduction of this dye is thought to be indicative of certain intracellular metabolic steps essential to bactericidal competency. Although useful in certain clinical situations, inherent weaknesses in the NBT test itself, as well as a number of complicating clinical variables, have detracted significantly from its reliability. The NBI and LBI, statistically based indices of neutrophil function, are inordinately dependent upon establishment of control values. Even though it is statistically superior to the NBI, the LBI is unduly complicated and probably is equally incapable of detecting slight changes in neutrophil function. The direct measurement tests, which are also in vitro assays, have the advantage of distinguishing phagocytic from intracellular processes. Interpretation of results, however, requires 36–48 hr bacterial colony counts. The sensitivity for other than gross alterations of leukocyte function remains to be established. Although obviously needed in the management of the increasingly complex patients being considered for operative care, these “first generation” indicators of leukocyte function have proved as deceptive as informative. Refinements of concept and technique will be needed before such evaluations contribute reliably to clinical patient care decisions.
Intraarticular carcinogenesis bioassays of CoCrMo and TiAlV alloys in rats

Wear-debris powders of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) and titanium-aluminum-vanadium (TiAlV) alloys, which are widely used for orthopedic implants (eg, hip and knee prostheses), were tested for carcinogenic activity following intraarticular administration (20 mg/rat) to groups of 44 male Fischer-344 rats (Charles River Breeding Laboratories, North Wilmington, MA). Control groups received similar intraarticular injections of either a noncarcinogen (manganese powder, negative control rats) or a potent carcinogen (nickel subsulfide powder, positive control rats). The experimental groups of 8-12 rats were observed for 24 months after injection. No local tumors developed at the injection site in the negative control rats or in rats that received the CoCrMo or TiAlV powders; poorly differentiated or pleomorphic sarcomas developed at the injection site in 10 of the 12 positive control rats that were treated with nickel subsulfide. Incidences of primary tumors distant from the injection site did not differ significantly among the experimental groups. This study shows that, under experimental conditions, any carcinogenic activity of CoCrMo or TiAlV wear-debris powders is weak in comparison to nickel subsulfide. Based on this study and observations in other laboratories, intraarticular administration of test materials to rats provides a practical, reliable, and biologically relevant method for carcinogenesis testing of biomaterials used for orthopedic implants.
Building a theory of IT compensation

IT compensation is acknowledged as a critical lever to attract and retain IT professionals, as well as to reduce IT turnover. IT compensation planning is also recognized as a viable vehicle for organizations to cope with uncertainty at different levels. Therefore, understanding how to compensate IT professionals leads to effectiveness of managerial decision-making in compensation planning and strategic management of IT human capital.This paper reports the preliminary findings of the first case of a cross-nation multi-case research project whose aims is to build a theoretical framework of IT compensation theory. This case extends a priori theoretical framework developed from cumulative literature by Wang and Kaarst-Brown. Five novel factors that influence IT compensation, but that are not well addressed in research, were found in this case study: (1) immigrant status of IT personnel, (2) types of contracts, (3) status of IT division, (4) managerial discretion/formality of compensation rules, and (5) flexible working hours.
Insulin-like growth factor-I inhibits dexamethasone-induced proteolysis in cultured L6 myotubes through PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent mechanisms

We and others reported previously that IGF-I inhibits dexamethasone-induced proteolysis in cultured L6 myotubes. Recent evidence suggests that this effect of IGF-I at least in part reflects PI3K/Akt-mediated inhibition of Foxo transcription factors. The potential role of other mechanisms, downstream of PI3K/Akt, is not well understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that PI3K/Akt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3beta and activation of mTOR contribute to the anabolic effects of IGF-I in dexamethasone-treated myotubes. Cultured L6 myotubes were treated with 1 microM dexamethasone in the absence or presence of 0.1 microg/ml of IGF-I and inhibitors of GSK-3beta and mTOR. Protein degradation was measured by determining the release of trichloroacetic acid soluble radioactivity from myotubes that had been prelabeled with (3)H-tyrosine for 48 h. IGF-I reduced basal protein breakdown rates and completely abolished the dexamethasone-induced increase in myotube proteolysis. These effects of IGF-I were associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3beta, and the mTOR downstream targets p70(S6K) and 4E-BP1. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reversed the anabolic effect of IGF-I in dexamethasone-treated myotubes. In addition, the GSK-3beta inhibitors LiCl and TDZD-8 reduced protein degradation in a similar fashion as IGF-I. Our results suggest that PI3K/Akt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3beta and activation of mTOR contribute to the anabolic effects of IGF-I in dexamethasone-treated myotubes.
Cell plasma membrane external surface glycosyltransferases: activity in the cell mitotic cycle.

Abstract Activity levels of three cell surface glycoprotein:glycosyltransferases were found to be S-peak enzymes in the cell mitotic cycle of L5178Y cells. These enzymes, which may be important in cell—cell adhesion, had virtually no activity in the M-period of the cell mitotic cycle.
Alteration of clonal profile II. Studies on the capacity of BALB/c splenic B cells to perpetuate responsiveness to phosphorylcholine and T15 idiotypic dominance

(CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 hybrid male mice are unable to mount anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses because they carry the CBA/N X-linked immune defect of B lymphocyte differentiation. Transplantation of splenic B cells from BALB/c mice restores responsiveness to thymus-dependent and thymus-independent PC antigens up to 8 months after cell transfer. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrate the donor origin of PFC generated in reconstituted (CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 mice. Although responsiveness to PC is restored permanently, a shift in idiotype expression that leads to the loss of T 15 idiotypic dominance 3 months after cell transfer can be detected. This shift originates from Ig- cells because Ig+ splenic cells purified in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter maintain T 15 dominance. Therefore, the Ig+ cells have a remarkable capacity to maintain responsiveness to antigens and can perpetuate idiotypic dominance if the stem cell pool is removed.
High-throughput coherence control and hardware messaging in everest

Everest is an architecture for high-performance cache coherence and message passing in partitionable distributed shared-memory systems that use commodity shared multiprocessors (SMPs) as building blocks. The Everest architecture is intended for use in designing future IBM servers using either PowerPC® or Intel® processors. Everest provides high-throughput protocol handling in three dimensions: multiple protocol engines, split request-response handling, and pipelined design. It employs an efficient directory subsystem design that matches the directory access throughput requirement of highperformance protocol engines. A new directory design called the complete and concise remote (CCR) directory, which contains roughly the same amount of memory as a sparse directory but retains the benefits of a full-map directory, is used. Everest also supports system partitioning and provides a tightly integrated facility for secure, high-performance communication between partitions. Simulation results for both technical and commercial applications exploring some of the Everest design space are presented. The results show that the features of the Everest architecture can have significant impact on the performance of distributed shared-memory servers.
Experimental studies of interfacial instabilities in multilayer pressure-driven flow of polymeric melts

The interfacial deformation and stability of two-(A-B) as well as three-layer symmetric (A-B-A) and asymmetric (A-B-C) pressure-driven flow of viscoelastic fluids has been investigated. Flow visualization in conjunction with digital image processing has been used to observe and measure the rate of encapsulation and interfacial stability/instability of the flow. Specifically, the encapsulation behavior as well as stability/instability of the interface and the corresponding growth or decay rate of disturbances as a function of various important parameters, namely, number of layers and their arrangement, layer depth ratio, viscosity and elasticity ratio as well as disturbance frequency, have been investigated. Based on these experiments, we have shown that the encapsulation phenomena occurs irrespective of the stability/instability of the interface and in cases when both encapsulation and instability occur simultaneously their coupling leads to highly complex and three-dimensional interfacial wave patterns. Moreover, it has been shown that the simple notion that less viscous fluids encapsulate more viscous fluids is incorrect and depending on the wetting properties of the fluid as well as their first and second normal stresses the reverse could occur. Additionally, in two- and three-layer flows it has been shown that by placing a thin, less viscous layer adjacent to the wall longwave disturbances can be stabilized while short and intermediate wavelength disturbances are stabilized when the more elastic fluid is the majority component. Furthermore, in three-layer flows it has been demonstrated that in the linear instability regime no dynamic interaction between the two interfaces is possible for short and intermediate wavenumber disturbances. However, in the nonlinear stability regime dynamic interactions between interfaces have been observed in this range of disturbance wavenumbers leading to highly chaotic flows. Finally, in the parameter space of this study no subcritical bifurcations were observed while supercritical bifurcations resulting in waves with a pointed front and a gradual tail were observed.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY GROUP PROGRAMS TO TREAT FIBROMYALGIA PATIENTS

The 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria defined fibromyalgia in terms of widespread body pain and multiple tender points.58 It is readily apparent, however, that the fibromyalgia syndrome is more than a musculoskeletal pain pr~blem.~ Virtually all fibromyalgia patients have dysfunctional sleep. Fatigue often is cited as being more debilitating than chronic pain. In addition, there is a concentration of symptom complexes and distinctive syndromes within the fibromyalgia population. Such problems include irritable bowel syndrome, irritable bladder, sicca syndrome, migraine headaches, lifetime history of depression, restless leg syndrome, cold intolerance, Raynaud's phenomena, cognitive dysfunction, premenstrual syndrome, fluid retention, and dizziness. It is quite evident that there can be no one single physiologic aberration to account for this wide array of symptoms. In this sense, fibromyalgia is not a distinctive pathophysiologic entity. It is a readily recognized syndrome, however, that can be distinguished from other causes of musculoskeletal pain. It is the clinical complexity and lack of a well defined pathogenesis that make the effective treatment of fibromyalgia patients so difficult and frustrating. It is time-consuming to analyze fully the symptom complex that is unique to each patient, let alone a host of interconnected paramedical issues. Strategies for managing fibromyalgia patients must also take into account the reality that this condition is chronic and expectations for improvement are more
Increased volume of tracheal aspirate fluid predicts the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Abstract Background Elevated cytokine concentrations were observed in tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) of infants on mechanical ventilation who subsequently developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, there are few reports that systematically evaluate the amount of TAF as an indicator of BPD development. Aim To clarify whether TAF volume during the first week of life predicts BPD development in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs). Study design We analyzed 51 infants, born at gestational age of Results STS was significantly higher in the BPD group than in the non-BPD group (median (interquartile range): 77 (29–126) vs. 28 (22–59), p Conclusion Increased TAF volume during the first week of life was an independent predictor for BPD development in ventilated ELGANs, indicating that increased pulmonary capillary permeability may influence the pathogenesis of BPD.
A characterization of the relationship of ovarian reserve markers with age

Objective To identify markers of ovarian age that best match the pattern of oocyte loss seen in histology specimens. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University. Patient(s) Caucasian women (n = 252) aged 25–45 years. Intervention(s) none. Main Outcome Measure(s) The relationship between antral follicle count (AFC), antimullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, FSH, and E 2 with age was estimated using the power model, which previously has been shown to most accurately describe oocyte loss in histologic specimens. The power model was fit to each marker and used to compare the rates of change at ages 30 and 40 with the histologic pattern. Among those markers following the pattern, R 2 was used to compare the degree of relationship with age. Result(s) Both AMH levels and AFC exhibited significant progressive declines with age. The average rates of loss per year for AFC and AMH were, respectively, −0.57 and −1.09 at age 30, and −1.33 and −3.06 at age 40. FSH, inhibin B, and E 2 did not exhibit progressive rates of change. The R 2 for AFC was 27.3% and for AMH was 22.7%. Conclusion(s) Only AFC and AMH follow the pattern of oocyte loss observed histologically. Although AMH may be more cost-effective, AFC is a slightly more accurate noninvasive measure for ovarian aging.
Synthetic aperture elastography: a GPU based approach

Synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound imaging system produces highly accurate axial and lateral displacement estimates; however, low frame rates and large data volumes can hamper its clinical use. This paper describes a real-time SA imaging based ultrasound elastography system that we have recently developed to overcome this limitation. In this system, we implemented both beamforming and 2D cross-correlation echo tracking on Nvidia GTX 480 graphics processing unit (GPU). We used one thread per pixel for beamforming; whereas, one block per pixel was used for echo tracking. We compared the quality of elastograms computed with our real-time system relative to those computed using our standard single threaded elastographic imaging methodology. In all studies, we used conventional measures of image quality such as elastographic signal to noise ratio (SNRe). Specifically, SNRe of axial and lateral strain elastograms computed with real-time system were 36 dB and 23 dB, respectively, which was numerically equal to those computed with our standard approach. We achieved a frame rate of 6 frames per second using our GPU based approach for 16 transmits and kernel size of 60 × 60 pixels, which is 400 times faster than that achieved using our standard protocol.
Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles by water-soluble complexes of carotenoids.

Photoirradiation of TiO2 nanoparticles by visible light in the presence of the water-soluble natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan complexes of the hydrocarbon carotenoid β-carotene leads to enhan...
Quantum Yield Heterogeneities of Aqueous Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Suspensions

Aqueous suspensions of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) prepared by traditional methods from the supernatant of ultracentrifuged micellar SWNT mixtures are shown to be strongly heterogeneous with respect to the quantum yield of their constituents. The heterogeneities are isolated using preparative ultracentrifugation in iodixanol density gradients and are optically characterized by photoluminescence and linear absorption spectroscopy. We find that the most buoyant fractions with a density of 1.055 ± 0.005 g·cm-3 have the highest photoluminescence quantum yield η of 1.1%, a factor of 5 higher than that of the supernatant. Denser fractions with lower η make up for about 2/3 of these samples and contain mostly small ropes in which the quantum yield is reduced by nonradiative decay through coupling to metallic tubes.
Analysis of Two High-Temperature Liquid Metal Pressure Measuring Systems

A design approach to a high-temperature pressure transducer system for use in closed cycle liquid metal facilities utilizes the displacement of a diaphragm member by the liquid metal pressure. The displacement is then monitored by a suitable transduction device whose output indicates the pressure. A main problem area involves the pertinent characteristics of the transducer. This paper presents the analyses of two transduction system approaches based on (1) thermionic and (2) variable impedance phenomena.
Developing a healthy sense of cooperation.

Traditionally, policymakers have thought of individuals as rational maximizers of their own self-interest, seeking to achieve the greatest possible benefit for themselves in any situation. Using th...
Social justice and community health centers: commitment to one gave rise to the other.

As an undergraduate biology major, while I still had my sights set on a career in medicine, I began my honors thesis, a comparative health policy analysis of the United States and Sweden. It was a sort of natural experiment to observe the outcomes of universal coverage. One of the central components of my work was a model depicting the interplay between health and its social determinants. Now, as I pursue a master’s degree in health policy and having become acquainted with the work of H. Jack Geiger, MD, MS, ScD (hon.) I see that, while my model was accurate, it was by no means novel. Nearly two centuries earlier, in the early to mid-1800s, the basic concepts of social medicine had been developed by Louis-Rene Villerme in France; Charles Turner Thackrah, Edwin Chadwick, and Friedrich Engels in England; and Rudolf Virchow, Salomon Neumann, and Rudolf Leubuscher in Germany. By the early 1950s, the principles of community-oriented primary care were being articulated in South Africa. A decade later, Dr. Geiger applied those principles to the problems of health and poverty in the United States. For the better part of two hours on the night of March 3, 2005, Dr. Geiger spoke to a group at George Washington University about his life and, at greater length, about the lives of others. A co-founder of the first community health center in Columbia Point in Boston (along with Dr. Count Gibson) Dr. Geiger traced for me the origins of the community health center movement in the United States. His story is as unique as it is inspirational. Geiger was born and raised in New York, and it was during his adolescence there that the foundation of social justice that would lead him to civil rights activism and community health care reform was laid. The direction his life would eventually take was not at all obvious when he enrolled at the University of Wisconsin intent on becoming a writer. It was while he was at Wisconsin that the young Jack Geiger joined the 1942 efforts of civil rights leaders A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin. At the time, Randolph, Rustin, and their followers were planning a march on Washington unless then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order to ban the widespread racial discrimination in defense plants, which were busy churning out armaments for World War II. Roosevelt made concessions and the march was cancelled.
Kinetics of amino acid racemization in Sequoiadendron giganteum heartwood.

Abstract Activation energies and Arrhenius frequency factors were calculated for the racemization reaction of four bound amino acids (asp, glu, pro, phe) isolated from sequoia heartwood, by using elevated temperature rate constants. In addition, a first-order rate constant of 2.1 × 10−5 year−1 was calculated for the racemization of bound aspartic acid from the extent of racemization in dendrochronologically dated sequola heartwood samples. Because the racemization reaction is temperature dependent, an average temperature which the bound aspartic acid in sequoia had experienced during the past ∼2200 years was obtained. This value agrees with modern temperatures near the sample location and estimated paleotemperatures during the past ∼2000 years.
Simulations of mergers between disc–halo galaxies

On a effectue une serie de plus de 30 simulations de la collision et du fusionnement de paires de galaxies disque-halo semblables. On analyse de facon detaillee certains aspects des processus d'interaction comme la formation de ponts et de queues et la perte et transfert de la masse, de l'energie et du moment angulaire a l'interieur de la paire. On analyse aussi la forme et la structure des vitesses des restes du fusionnement et leur variation avec les conditions initiales
Between Preachers and Warriors

Even among those who actively pursue greater public recognition for Islam as a way of life, the Muslim world is not a monolith. Failure to recognize this leads to an unnecessary swelling of the ran...
Musculature of the lacewing (chrysopa plorabunda) neuroptera

This article is an account of the complete musculature of an adult Neuropteran insect, Chrysopa plorabunda. Previous anatomical discussions on this order of insects include only a few of the muscles of the head and thoracic regions, while those of the abdomen are entirely lacking. The muscles here described include those of the head, thorax, and abdomen. The origin, insertion, and function of each muscle is given. The boundaries of several of the sclerites, especially those of the labium, are located by the observations on the musculature of these parts. The meso- and metathoracic wings are of the same size and for that reason the muscles of these regions are very much alike. The prothorax is greatly elonated, causing the muscles of that region to differ to a greater or less degree from the ‘general rule’ in insects. The abdominal muscles may be arranged in the several groups generally found in insects. In several cases, however, both the origin and insertion of the muscle have been shifted to accompany changes which have taken place in the abdominal segmentation. All of the muscles are shown in the four plates containing nineteen figures which accompany the text.
Sequence Specific Binding of Chlamydial Histone H1-Like Protein

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the few prokaryotic organisms known to contain proteins that bear homology to eukaryotic histone H1. Changes in macromolecular conformation of DNA mediated by the histone H1-like protein (Hc1) appear to regulate stage specific differentiation. We have developed a cross-linking immunoprecipitation protocol to examine in vivo protein-DNA interaction by immune precipitating chlamydial Hc1 cross linked to DNA. Our results strongly support the presence of sequence specific binding sites on the chlamydial plasmid and hc1 gene upstream of its open reading frame. The preferential binding sites were mapped to 520 bp BamHI-XhoI and 547 bp BamHI-DraI DNA fragments on the plasmid and hc1 respectively. Comparison of these two DNA sequences using Bestfit program has identified a 24 bp region with >75% identity that is unique to the chlamydial genome. Double-stranded DNA prepared by annealing complementary oligonucleotides corresponding to the conserved 24 bp region bind Hc1, in contrast to control sequences with similar A+T ratios. Further, Hc1 binds to DNA in a strand specific fashion, with preferential binding for only one strand. The site specific affinity to plasmid DNA was also demonstrated by atomic force microscopy data images. Binding was always followed by coiling, shrinking and aggregation of the affected DNA. Very low protein-DNA ratio was required if incubations were carried out in solution. However, if DNA was partially immobilized on mica substrate individual strands with dark foci were still visible even after the addition of excess Hc1.
Failure To Confirm Goitrogenic and Hypercholesterolemic Effects of Uracil

Some commercially available high grade uracil has been found to contain a contaminant, very probably thiouracil. The possibility of variable degrees of thiouracil contamination should be eliminated before thiouracil-like effects are attributed to uracil. (Endocrinology 77: 946, 1965)
Hypoxia-Associated Factor, a Novel E3-Ubiquitin Ligase, Binds and Ubiquitinates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α, Leading to Its Oxygen-Independent Degradation

The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is the master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. A key regulator of HIF-1α is von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL), which mediates the oxygen-dependent, proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α in normoxia. Here, we describe a new regulator of HIF-1α, the hypoxia-associated factor (HAF), a novel E3-ubiquitin ligase that binds HIF-1α leading to its proteasome-dependent degradation irrespective of cellular oxygen tension. HAF, a protein expressed in proliferating cells, binds and ubiquitinates HIF-1α in vitro, and both binding and E3 ligase activity are mediated by HAF amino acids 654 to 800. Furthermore, HAF overexpression decreases HIF-1α levels in normoxia and hypoxia in both pVHL-competent and -deficient cells, whereas HAF knockdown increases HIF-1α levels in normoxia, hypoxia, and under epidermal growth factor stimulation. In contrast, HIF-2α is not regulated by HAF. In vivo, tumor xenografts from cells overexpressing HAF show decreased levels of HIF-1α accompanied by decreased tumor growth and angiogenesis. Therefore, HAF is the key mediator of a new HIF-1α-specific degradation pathway that degrades HIF-1α through a new, oxygen-independent mechanism.
Let your intuition be your guide? Individual differences in the evidence-based practice attitudes of psychotherapists.

Rationale, aims and objectives Despite increasing dissemination efforts, many psychotherapists still do not use treatments that are supported by research. Some have claimed that psychotherapists rely more on their clinical intuition than scientific evidence when making treatment decisions, but there is a paucity of research on this topic. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between intuition and therapists' attitudes towards evidence-based practices (EBPs). Methods Psychotherapists from diverse professional backgrounds completed an Internet-based survey that assessed EBP attitudes, reliance on an intuitive thinking style, attitudes about alternative therapies and endorsement of erroneous health beliefs that are not supported by scientific evidence. Results Regression analyses showed that an intuitive thinking style was associated with several dimensions of EBP attitudes, including more negative attitudes towards research, less openness to research-based treatments, and less willingness to use evidence-based treatments if required to do so, even after controlling for background factors such as education level. Furthermore, a tendency to rely on intuition was associated with more positive attitudes towards alternative therapies and the endorsement of erroneous health beliefs. Conclusions Most dissemination efforts targeted at psychotherapists focus only on education about EBPs. However, results of this study suggest that dissemination efforts may need to more directly address the potential barriers to using EBPs (i.e. reliance on intuition) to be optimally effective in changing therapists' attitudes and behaviours.