cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of trichloroethylene exposure on male reproductive function in rats

Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the influences of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the reproductive system of male rats. In addition, information was obtained on the distribution and metabolism of TCE. At 100 days of age, male rats were allowed to copulate with ovariectomized, hormonally primed females and copulatory behaviors scored. Fifteen minutes post-ejaculation, females were sacrificed and ejaculate and semen plug recovered from the uterus and vagina for evaluation. These data served as a pre-exposure baseline for each animal. TCE exposure was then initiated with animals intubated with either 0, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/kg of TCE (10 males/group) for 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Copulatory behaviors and semen evaluations were conducted at Weeks 1 and 5 as 4 weeks post-exposure. Three males/group were sacrificed at the end of the sixth week of exposure and levels of TCE and its metabolites measured in various organs and blood. The remaining animals were sacrificed at the end of Week 10. TCE-related effects were seen primarily in the 1000 mg/kg group as reduced body weight gain, elevated liver/body weight ratios, and impaired copulatory behavior. However, the copulatory performance of the “affected” males had returned to normal by the fifth week of exposure. Although TCE and its metabolites concentrated to a significant extent in the male reproductive organs, semen evaluations failed to reveal any indices of spermmtotoxicity. The initial alterations in copulatory behavior may be attributed to the narcotic properties of TCE. Tolerance to this pharmacological effect may explain the absence of these effects by the fifth week of exposure.
Investigating SEM metrology effects using a detailed SEM simulation and stochastic resist model

A Monte Carlo electron scattering simulation tool that can create SEM images of 3D features with arbitrary geometry has been developed. This is combined with both a stochastic resist model and synthetic 3D features to probe the effect of the effect of roughness on SEM measurements. Sidewall roughness makes it difficult to precisely identify the true feature width of a line because the roughness increases the SEM signal non-proportionally to the amount of material with which it is interacting. LER generally under predicts sidewall surface roughness because the SEM has an averaging effect as the electron beam interacts with a volume of material. LER becomes a better measure of surface roughness as the correlation length of the surface roughness increases. Decreasing film thickness causes a decrease in the linewidth and increase in LER measured by SEM, especially for features 35 nm thick and below. This occurs even if the true 3D feature width and roughness is approximately constant, meaning that the apparent change in linewidth and LER is a metrology effect. Threshold based estimations of line edges are difficult because the threshold choice that best matches the true feature width changes with the feature geometry. Model based library fits of linescans do not appear to provide a solution because sidewall roughness and sidewall angle have similar effects on the linescan meaning no unique linescan likely exists.
Block-diagonal representations for covariance-based Anomalous change detectors

We use singular vectors of the whitened cross-covariance matrix of two hyper-spectral images and the Golub-Kahan permutations in order to obtain equivalent tridiagonal representations of the coefficient matrices for a family of covariance-based quadratic Anomalous Change Detection (ACD) algorithms. Due to the nature of the problem these tridiagonal matrices have block-diagonal structure, which we exploit to derive analytical expressions for the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrices in terms of the singular values of the whitened cross-covariance matrix. The block-diagonal structure of the matrices of the RX, Chronochrome, symmetrized Chronochrome, Whitened Total Least Squares, Hyperbolic and Subpixel Hyperbolic Anomalous change detectors are revealed by the white singular value decomposition and Golub-Kahan transformations. Similarities and differences in the properties of these change detectors are illuminated by their eigenvalue spectra.
The use of ultrasonography for the study of the bovine reproductive tract. I. Normal and pathological ovarian structures

Abstract In order to augment rectal palpation, real time B mode ultrasonography, using a 5 MHz transducer and a linear array scanner, was used as a diagnostic aid in routine dairy herd fertility work ( n = approximately 360) and in approximately 90 other cows immediately prior to slaughter. Cows and heifers were examined during various stages of their estrous cycles and pregnancy over a four month period. The ultrasound images were consistent with rectal palpation and visual examination of dissected specimens. Representative images of the ovarian structures commonly encountered are presented. Ultrasonography was a useful adjunct to conventional examination in establishing a diagnosis. Contrary to previous reports, some manipulation of the reproductive tract was necessary in order to completely view the ovaries via ultrasound; this manipulation added to the time required to perform a routine examination. Although cost, delicacy of the equipment, and time required for an examination currently preclude the complete replacement of bovine rectal palpation by ultrasound, the ultrasound machine is easy to use and can augment palpation in individual animals that present diagnostic problems.
Paired Hall state at half filling.

The existence of a novel incompressible quantum liquid for spinless fermions at \ensuremath{\nu}=1/2 in the Hall effect is suggested. This state is plausibly related by smooth extrapolation in quantum statistics to a strong p-wave pairing state of fermions in zero magnetic field, and reduces to a state previously proposed by Halperin in the (unrealistic) limit of tightly bound pairs. It supports unusual excitations, including neutral fermions and charge-e/4 anyons with statistical parameter \ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{\pi}/8. Numerical experiments are presented, which provide evidence for several aspects of our theory.
Higher whole-blood selenium is associated with improved immune responses in footrot-affected sheep

We reported previously that sheep affected with footrot (FR) have lower whole-blood selenium (WB-Se) concentrations and that parenteral Se-supplementation in conjunction with routine control practices accelerates recovery from FR. The purpose of this follow-up study was to investigate the mechanisms by which Se facilitates recovery from FR. Sheep affected with FR (n = 38) were injected monthly for 15 months with either 5 mg Se (FR-Se) or saline (FR-Sal), whereas 19 healthy sheep received no treatment. Adaptive immune function was evaluated after 3 months of Se supplementation by immunizing all sheep with a novel protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test to KLH were used to assess humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, respectively. Innate immunity was evaluated after 3 months of Se supplementation by measuring intradermal responses to histamine 30 min after injection compared to KLH and saline, and after 15 months of Se supplementation by isolating neutrophils and measuring their bacterial killing ability and relative abundance of mRNA for genes associated with neutrophil migration. Compared to healthy sheep, immune responses to a novel protein were suppressed in FR-affected sheep with smaller decreases in FR-affected sheep that received Se or had WB-Se concentrations above 250 ng/mL at the time of the immune assays. Neutrophil function was suppressed in FR-affected sheep, but was not changed by Se supplementation or WB-Se status. Sheep FR is associated with depressed immune responses to a novel protein, which may be partly restored by improving WB-Se status (> 250 ng/mL).
Uncertainty and optimal stabilization policy

Abstract The impact of uncertainty on optimal stabilization policies is examined in the context of a simple reduced form model. The major finding of the paper is that, in the presence of instrument costs, the dynamic effects of uncertainty can induce an optimal stochastic policy which is more vigorous than the optimal deterministic policy. This result contrasts with the well-known conclusion for static models that uncertainty typically generates optimal responses equally or less intense than deterministic ones.
Variation of Flavonoids and Furanocoumarins in Grapefruit Juices: A Potential Source of Variability in Grapefruit Juice−Drug Interaction Studies

Grapefruit juice (GFJ) has been found to interact with several medications, increasing their oral bioavailability and the risk of toxicity. Inhibition of CYP3A4 in the small intestine by flavonoids (such as naringin and naringenin) and furanocoumarins (including bergamottin and 6‘,7‘-dihydroxybergamottin) present in GFJ seems to be the predominant mechanism, although P-glycoprotein and influx transporters in the small intestine are also involved. The quantity of interactive compounds ingested may affect the magnitude and mechanism of the food−drug interaction. Therefore, these four compounds were quantified by HPLC analysis in commercially available and fresh-squeezed GFJ and in grapefruit tissues. Considerable variability in naringin (174−1492 μmol/L), bergamottin (1.0−36.6 μmol/L), and 6‘,7‘-dihydroxybergamottin (0.22−52.5 μmol/L) was observed, whereas naringenin could not be detected. White grapefruit showed higher concentrations of naringin and furanocoumarins located in the albedo and flavedo compare...
Cu(HCO2)2(pym) (pym = pyrimidine): Low-dimensional magnetic behavior and long-range ordering in a quantum-spin lattice

We synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized the novel 3D coordination polymer Cu(HCO{sub 2}){sub 2}(pym) (pym = pyrimidine). The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 14.4639(8) {angstrom}, b = 7.7209(4) {angstrom}, c = 8.5172(5) {angstrom}, {beta} = 126.076(2){sup o}, and V = 768.76(7) {angstrom}{sup 3}. In the structure buckled layers of Cu(HCO{sub 2}){sub 2} are interconnected by pym ligands to afford 1D Cu-pym-Cu chains. Bulk magnetic susceptibility measurements show a broad maximum at 25 K that is indicative of short-range magnetic ordering. Between 12 and 300 K a least-squares fit of the {chi}(T) data to a mean-field-corrected antiferromagnetic chain model yielded excellent agreement for g = 2.224(3), J/k{sub B} = -26.9(2) K, and zJ/k{sub B} = -1.1(3) K. Below {approx}3 K a transition to long-range magnetic ordering is observed, as suggested by a sharp and sudden decrease in {chi}(T). This result is corroborated by muon spin relaxation measurements that show oscillations in the muon asymmetry below T{sub N} = 2.802(1) K and rapidly fluctuating moments above T{sub N}.
ON-LINE DATA ACQUISITION AND CONTROL IN A PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY

A series of programs are described for use in estimating the pulmonary function of laboratory animals. Data acquisition and control are through a Hewlett-Packard (HP) 1000-F minicomputer. The system allows the estimation of respiratory parameters similar to those obtained in laboratories estimating pulmonary function in humans.
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Condom Use: Potential Mechanisms in Adolescent Males

Previous research has revealed a significant bivariate relationship between anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use and reduced condom use among adolescent boys. However, to date, no known studies have explored the psychological mechanisms that may explain this relationship. Thus, the current study sought to examine two possible mediators in the association between AAS and condom use: depressive symptoms and substance use. Data were extracted from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Participants were 3,780 U.S. high school boys who responded to self-report items assessing a number of health behaviors, including symptoms of depression, substance use, AAS use, and use of condoms during their most recent act of intercourse. Both depression and substance use were significant mediators in the relationship between AAS and condom use. However, when these effects were contrasted, the indirect effect of substance use was significantly stronger in magnitude than the effect of depression. Although ...
Modeling of high-power solid state slab lasers

We present practical modeling for edged-pumped high power solid-state slab lasers. Both analytic and ray tracing methods were used to analyze the distributions of absorbed pump power using real broad spectrum diode laser pump sources. The resulting thermal and stress distributions were calculated with finite element analysis. Our analyses include the temperature dependence of the gain medium’s thermal conductivity and expansion coefficient. Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG were then compared for use as gain media for high power solid state slab laser.
Showcasing the Skilled Business Graduate: Expanding the Tool Kit:

To aid in selecting employees, recruiters use such tools as the interview, resume, academic portfolio, and videos. However, these tools are not equally effective in helping job candidates showcase ...
α-Amanitin: Inactivation by bovine lactoperoxidase

The principle amatoxin, α-amanitin, is found to be extremely sensitive toward lactoperoxidase catalyzed degradation, rather than iodination, of the indole nucleus. Extensive attenuation of inhibitor potency against eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II accompanies the treatment of α-amanitin with lactoperoxidase, iodide and hydrogen peroxide.
Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Polymorphisms versus Divergences in Bacterial Genomes

Comparison of the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphisms within species with the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions between species has been widely used as a supposed indicator of positive Darwinian selection, with the ratio of these 2 ratios being designated as a neutrality index (NI). Comparison of genome-wide polymorphism within 12 species of bacteria with divergence from an outgroup species showed substantial differences in NI among taxa. A low level of nonsynonymous polymorphism at a locus was the best predictor of NI < 1, rather than a high level of nonsynonymous substitution between species. Moreover, genes with NI < 1 showed a strong tendency toward the occurrence of rare nonsynonymous polymorphisms, as expected under the action of ongoing purifying selection. Thus, our results are more consistent with the hypothesis that a high relative rate of between-species nonsynonymous substitution reflects mainly the action of purifying selection within species to eliminate slightly deleterious mutations rather than positive selection between species. This conclusion is consistent with previous results highlighting an important role of slightly deleterious variants in bacterial evolution and suggests caution in the use of the McDonald-Kreitman test and related statistics as tests of positive selection.
Current and Emerging Legionella Diagnostics for Laboratory and Outbreak Investigations

Legionnaires' disease (LD) is an often severe and potentially fatal form of bacterial pneumonia caused by an extensive list of Legionella species. These ubiquitous freshwater and soil inhabitants cause human respiratory disease when amplified in man-made water or cooling systems and their aerosols expose a susceptible population. Treatment of sporadic cases and rapid control of LD outbreaks benefit from swift diagnosis in concert with discriminatory bacterial typing for immediate epidemiological responses. Traditional culture and serology were instrumental in describing disease incidence early in its history; currently, diagnosis of LD relies almost solely on the urinary antigen test, which captures only the dominant species and serogroup, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp1). This has created a diagnostic "blind spot" for LD caused by non-Lp1 strains. This review focuses on historic, current, and emerging technologies that hold promise for increasing LD diagnostic efficiency and detection rates as part of a coherent testing regimen. The importance of cooperation between epidemiologists and laboratorians for a rapid outbreak response is also illustrated in field investigations conducted by the CDC with state and local authorities. Finally, challenges facing health care professionals, building managers, and the public health community in combating LD are highlighted, and potential solutions are discussed.
A method for fitting a smooth ribbon to curved DNA

A method for fitting a smooth ribbon representation of DNA structures is proposed. Following a review of the relevant definitions for classical linear helical DNA and generalizations to curving helices, a parameterization of smooth ribbons is given, which leads to tractable expressions. In addition it suggests a new way to define twist, tilt, and roll for a base step that is free of the ambiguities caused by noncommutativity of finite rotations. A least squares fitting criterion for ribbons is then proposed. In some cases the optimal ribbon with respect to this criterion is not unique. This problem is analyzed, and the circumstances in which it can occur are specified. To resolve the nonuniqueness problem, a variational description of the optimal ribbon is proposed, namely the ribbon of lowest elastic energy achieving a specified level of fit with respect to the least squares criterion. The appropriate level of fit is decided using distances of backbone atoms from fitted ribbon axes. Theoretical tests of the fitting methodology are presented, and as a sample application a smooth ribbon is fit to an existing experimental structure.
Research Note: Preparation of a Low-Fat Reduced Sodium Turkey Braunschweiger

Abstract A turkey Braunschweiger incorporating mechanically deboned turkey meat, gizzards, and half the normal sodium content was prepared. Proximate analysis showed that the turkey Braunschweiger contained more protein and less fat than a commercial product. In sensory evaluation, panelists were unable to differentiate among turkey Braunschweigers in which half the NaCl was substituted by KCl from those with NaCl only. The judges described the Braunschweiger as having good sliceability, easy peeling, a smooth texture, and a typical mild liver taste with no overpowering flavor tones. The product uses low-cost ingredients and should prove to be attractive for the nutrition-conscious consumer.
Imaging performance of annular apertures. 5: Total and partial energy integral functions.

The total energy integral functions for apodization T1 = (1 − r2)n and T2 = (2r − r2)n are compared for unobstructed apertures. The energy values increase linearily for T2 and with the (2n + 3) power for T1. For obstructed apertures, these values for T1 increase with higher powers at small image radii and assume linear characteristics only at larger radii. This transition occurs as the obstruction approaches zero. Partial energy functions for a region centered some distance from the central region show the same general trend as the image irradiance functions.
Competing Paradigms in the Assessment of Latent Disorders: The Case of Agent Orange

The use of the herbicide Agent Orange in Vietnam has sparked controversy and heated debate. The controversy revolves around the individuals and interest groups who advance and oppose the claim that exposure to the herbicide has caused high rates of cancer among Vietnam veterans and birth defects in their children. In this paper, I identify the protagonists, explore the claims-making activity, and review the varieties of evidence put forth in the case. The case serves as a useful vehicle for illustrating the politics of facts and certification.
Nonexistence of spatially bounded force-free magnetic fields: a scaling point of view

Force-free magnetic fields obey the vector differential equation /spl nabla/xB=/spl alpha/B. In the absence of any displacement current, the magnetic force on the conduction current is then zero. A previous proof of the nonexistence of spatially bounded force-free fields is simplified and is shown to be purely mathematical in nature, with no need to introduce non-magnetic stresses. A new nonexistence proof, based only on the scaling properties of the differential equation, is presented. >
Modeling spatially varying landscape change points in species occurrence thresholds

Predicting species distributions at scales of regions to continents is often necessary, as large-scale phenomena influence the distributions of spatially structured populations. Land use and land cover are important large-scale drivers of species distributions, and landscapes are known to create species occurrence thresholds, where small changes in a landscape characteristic results in abrupt changes in occurrence. The value of the landscape characteristic at which this change occurs is referred to as a change point. We present a hierarchical Bayesian threshold model (HBTM) that allows for estimating spatially varying parameters, including change points. Our model also allows for modeling estimated parameters in an effort to understand large-scale drivers of variability in land use and land cover on species occurrence thresholds. We use range-wide detection/nondetection data for the eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a stream-dwelling salmonid, to illustrate our HBTM for estimating and modeling spatially varying threshold parameters in species occurrence. We parameterized the model for investigating thresholds in landscape predictor variables that are measured as proportions, and which are therefore restricted to values between 0 and 1. Our HBTM estimated spatially varying thresholds in brook trout occurrence for both the proportion agricultural and urban land uses. There was relatively little spatial variation in change point estimates, although there was spatial variability in the overall shape of the threshold response and associated uncertainty. In addition, regional mean stream water temperature was correlated to the change point parameters for the proportion of urban land use, with the change point value increasing with increasing mean stream water temperature. We present a framework for quantify macrosystem variability in spatially varying threshold model parameters in relation to important large-scale drivers such as land use and land cover. Although the model presented is a logistic HBTM, it can easily be extended to accommodate other statistical distributions for modeling species richness or abundance.
Persistence of Antibody to Hepatitis A Virus 10 Years after Vaccination among Children and Adults

Background Hepatitis A vaccination is effective in preventing disease. However, the duration of protection after vaccination is unknown. Methods We enrolled persons who responded to a 3-dose primary series of hepatitis A vaccine. For adults, the first dose was 720 ELISA units (EU) of hepatitis A vaccine, readministered at 1 and 12 months after the first vaccination (hereafter, "0-1-12 months"); for children aged 3-6 years, the first dose was 360 EU, readministered according to 1 of 3 vaccination schedules: 1 and 2 months after the first vaccination ("0-1-2 months"), 1 and 6 months after the first vaccination ("0-1-6 months"), or 1 and 12 months after vaccination ("0-1-12 months"). Specimens collected 1 month and 1-10 years after vaccination were tested for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) by ELISA. Long-term antibody persistence was estimated by using the observed rate of decline in geometric mean concentration (GMC). Results A total of 144 children and 128 adults were enrolled. Children vaccinated at 0-1-2 months had a significantly lower GMC of antibody than children vaccinated at 0-1-12 months, but this difference was statistically significant only through 4 years of follow-up. All 67 children tested at 10 years and 25 (96%) of 26 adults tested at 8-9 years had detectable anti-HAV. The estimated duration of antibody persistence was 21-27 years, depending on the vaccination schedule. Conclusions Anti-HAV persists in adults and children for more than 10 years after the primary vaccination series. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the duration of antibody persistence beyond 10 years and to assess the long-term immunogenicity of the currently recommended 2-dose schedule.
Reflections From Multiple Surfaces Without Edges

An algorithm is presented for calculating the positions of the specular points that appear when a collection of reflecting surfaces is illuminated by an external source. The set of specular points is represented as the fixed point of a certain mapping, and this fixed point is calculated by the method of successive approximations (MSA). The MSA is an iterative technique which is essentially different from a search or shooting and bouncing ray technique. The latter require much larger numbers of functional evaluations, especially when the number N of reflecting surfaces is greater than unity. A search technique requires a number of function evaluations that varies exponentially with N, whereas the number of function evaluations required by the MSA varies linearly with N.
Increasing Underrepresented High School Students’ College Transitions and Achievements: TRIO Educational Opportunity Programs

The American education agenda suggests a clear commitment to the development of programs and practices to increase equitable participation in higher education. During a time when equity-based policy initiatives are under attack in the United States, governmental TRIO Programs remain one proven pathway for ensuring college preparedness and access for all students. Research reviewed in this article suggests TRIO educational opportunity programs have been successful in increasing both the higher education attendance rates and educational attainment of students from low-income, first-generation college, and underrepresented ethnic minority backgrounds. Given the increasing political debate and the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling against voluntary school desegregation, TRIO Programs are now more critical than ever for extending higher educational opportunities to students from diverse social and economic backgrounds. Furthermore, these programs may provide a model for P-12 school leaders, individual instituti...
9,10‐Dihydroxystearic Acid

9,10-Dihydroxystearic Acid solvent: 425 ml. of formic acid product: 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid Keywords: addition, to CC; assay methods, for hydrogen peroxide; iodine number (Wijs titration)
Direct and indirect recognition: the role of MHC antigens in graft rejection

Abstract In graft rejection, T-cell stimulation by donor APCs and self-APCs (presenting peptides of donor origin) has been called ‘direct' and ‘indirect' recognition, respectively. Here, Dina Gould and Hugh Auchincloss consider the traditional arguments favoring direct recognition and highlight recent findings suggesting the importance of indirect responses, thereby questioning some of our basic concepts of transplantation immunology.
ADAPTIVE REAL-TIME OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR NOISE ABATEMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES

Aircraft noise is a major obstacle to the growth of aviation. This paper presents an adaptive real-time optimization algorithm that uses dynamic programming, nonlinear optimization, and receding horizon control to generate approach procedures that simultaneously minimize approach noise and meet air traffic control targets and restrictions. Inputs to the optimization algorithm include flight states, waypoints, and air traffic control (ATC) commands, as well as the set of feasible noise abatement procedures. The resulting noise abatement trajectory compensates for environmental uncertainties, provides more flexibility to both air traffic controller and pilot, and improves airport efficiency while lowering community noise. The examples also illustrate the potential for a wider application of this methodology.
Towards a forensic-aware file system

As the Internet has become an indivisible part of our daily life, the crime associated with it has increased dramatically as well. However, the dominant approaches currently used to fight against the cybercrime focus only on how to collect and preserve digital evidence after a crime has been committed, in which some of digital evidence could not be collected due to the design of file systems as well as the configuration of operating systems. In this paper, we proposed a proactive approach in dealing with cybercrime. We believe that with a forensic-aware file system and a properly configured operating system, the effectiveness and soundness of digital evidence will be significantly improved.
2,4,6-Tri­nitro-2,4,6,8-tetra­aza­bi­cyclo­[3.3.0]octan-7-one

The structure of 2,4,6-tri­nitro-2,4,6,8-tetra­aza­bi­cyclo­[3.3.0]­octan-7-one, C4H5N7O7, is reported. The mol­ecule contains two unsymmetrically substituted planar fused five-membered rings with a cis junction between them.
Minimizing attrition bias: a longitudinal study of depressive symptoms in an elderly cohort

Background: Attrition from mortality is common in longitudinal studies of the elderly. Ignoring the resulting non-response or missing data can bias study results.Methods: 1260 elderly participants underwent biennial follow-up assessments over 10 years. Many missed one or more assessments over this period. We compared three statistical models to evaluate the impact of missing data on an analysis of depressive symptoms over time. The first analytic model (generalized mixed model) treated non-response as data missing at random. The other two models used shared parameter methods; each had different specifications for dropout but both jointly modeled both outcome and dropout through a common random effect.Results: The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with being female, having less education, functional impairment, using more prescription drugs, and taking antidepressant drugs. In all three models, the same variables were significantly associated with depression and in the same direction. However, the strength of the associations differed widely between the generalized mixed model and the shared parameter models. Although the two shared parameter models had different assumptions about the dropout process, they yielded similar estimates for the outcome. One model fitted the data better, and the other was computationally faster.Conclusions: Dropout does not occur randomly in longitudinal studies of the elderly. Thus, simply ignoring it can yield biased results. Shared parameter models are a powerful, flexible, and easily implemented tool for analyzing longitudinal data while minimizing bias due to nonrandom attrition.
Measurement of the absolute Raman cross section of the optical phonons in type Ia natural diamond

a b s t r a c t The absolute Raman cross section σRS of the first-order 1332-cm − 1 optical phonons in type Ia natural diamond was measured using 785- and 1064-nm pump lasers for the excitation of Raman scattering. A small temperature-controlled blackbody was used for the signal calibration of the 785- and 1064-nm Raman systems. Measurements were made with a 0.9-mm thick (111) natural diamond sample. Values of 2.7 ± 0.6 × 10 − 29 and 0.95 ± 0.2 × 10 − 29 cm 2 per carbon atom were determined for σRS for 785- and 1064-nm excitation, respectively. The corresponding values of the Raman scattering efficiency S are 3.8 ± 0.8 × 10 − 7 and 1.3 ± 0.3 × 10 − 7 cm − 1 sr − 1 . The values of the Raman polarizability |d| for 785-, and
Neuropsychological assessment of geriatric driving competence

Primary objective: To review of studies that focus on the assessment of driving competence among the elderly who are at increased risk of being involved in automobile crashes. The current status of neuropsychological testing as a predictor of driving safety in this population is critically evaluated.Main outcomes and results: Several domains of neuropsychological assessment have been shown to be related to safe driving in older age groups, including vision-based testing, attention-based testing, and testing of executive functions. Use of a driving simulator to investigate crash risk has been particularly effective.Conclusions: The argument is made that a combination of test approaches be used to develop an algorithm for efficient screening of elderly drivers on a regular basis and that use of a driving simulator to measure driving performance under challenge should be incorporated as part of this evaluation.
An experimental study of the motion of concentrated suspensions in two-dimensional channel flow. Part 2. Bidisperse systems

In this paper we report experimental velocity and concentration profiles for suspensions possessing a bidisperse distribution of particle size undergoing pressure-driven flow through a parallel-wall channel. In addition to the overall concentration distributions determined by implementing the modified laser Doppler velocimetry method described in Part 1 (Lyon & Leal 1998), concentration profiles for the particles of each size were measured by sampling the position of marked tracer particles across 60% of the channel gap. Non-uniform overall particle concentration distributions and blunted velocity profiles were found at bulk particle volume fractions of 0.30 and 0.40, which were equal to the monodisperse data of Part 1, within experimental uncertainty. The large-particle concentration profiles were non-uniform down to a large-particle bulk volume fraction of 0.075, while non-uniform distributions of the small particles were only found when the volume fraction of small particles in the bulk was greater than or equal to 0.20. Experiments in which at least half the suspended particulate volume was occupied by large particles revealed enrichment of the large particles in the centreline region of the channel. This size segregation was found to increase as the total number of suspended particles decreased. Finally, the data from experiments in which a uniform small-particle concentration profile was measured were compared with suspension balance model (McTigue & Jenkins 1992; Nott & Brady 1994) predictions for parameter values that corresponded only to the large particles. While close agreement with the large-particle concentration profiles was found, this comparison also reflected the fact that the small particles bring the suspension viscosity to a regime that is more sensitive to the particle concentration, rather than simply providing an increment in background viscosity to the suspending liquid.
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR PREDATOR–PREY SOURCE–SINK DYNAMICS

Theory suggests that a source–sink structure for a prey species can promote the persistence of an otherwise nonpersisting predator–prey interaction. Using a heliozoan protist predator, Actinosphaerium nucleofilum, and a ciliated protozoan prey species, Tetrahymena pyriformis, we tested this prediction in laboratory microcosms. We created subdivided microcosms, each consisting of a 30-mL bottle containing predators and prey connected to a 30-mL bottle containing prey only. Prey dispersed freely through this connection, but predators did not disperse for hundreds of prey generations. The predators and prey in the subdivided microcosms persisted for over three times as long as they did in undivided 30-mL and 60-mL bottles. Our results suggest that prey rescue effects and spatial asynchrony in prey dynamics, characteristic metapopulation features, enhanced persistence in the subdivided microcosms. However, the details by which persistence was achieved closely resemble source–sink dynamics, not classic metapop...
Human Engineering -- An Aide to Improving Electronic Equipment

The applied experimental psychologist, or human engineer, can be of great assistance in the design, production, and maintenance of simple or complex electronic equipment. By his knowledge of human sensory and motor characteristics, by systematic application of fundamental principles of psychology, physiology, and anthropometry, and by application of psychophysiological research techniques to manmachine problems, he can contribute to the development of compatible and more efficient man-machine systems. In many applications, reduction of human factor errors can be as important as the reduction of electromechanical errors.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adherence and Depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected Injection Drug Users: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective Depression and substance use, the most common comorbidities with HIV, are both associated with poor treatment adherence. Injection drug users comprise a substantial portion of individuals with HIV in the U.S. and globally. The present study tested cognitive-behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in patients with HIV and depression in active substance abuse treatment for injection drug use.
AN ATYPICAL OREBODY IN THE BRUSHY CREEK MINE, VIBURNUM TREND, MVT DISTRICT, MISSOURI: EARLY Cu-(Ni-Co)-Zn-RICH ORES AT THE LAMOTTE SANDSTONE/BONNETERRE DOLOMITE CONTACT

Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits of the Viburnum Trend are typically lead dominant (Pb/Zn >5) and occur mainly in the reef-grainstone facies of the upper Bonneterre Dolomite (Cambrian). Recent drilling has encountered economic mineralization within the lower Bonneterre Dolomite of the Brushy Creek mine, more than 30 m below the main ore-bearing horizon of the district. These ores are more zinc and copper rich than typical deposits (Zn/Pb commonly >2 and Cu up to 8 wt %), with notable enrichments in Ni, Co, and Ag. There is pronounced zoning of Ni-Co, Cu, Zn, and Pb with increasing distance above the Lamotte Sandstone. Observations of drill cores and samples from active mine faces, and mineral textural relationships in thin section indicate that the lower ore mineralization contains dominantly early Zn- and Cu-bearing sulfides, which are overprinted by main-stage Pb-Zn mineralization. The lower ores contain multiple generations of chalcopyrite and sphalerite that display frequent breccia textures at the meso- and microscale. This style of breccia is uncommon for the Viburnum Trend and is composed dominantly of sulfides supported by clay (insoluble residue), which are cemented by subsequent generations of sulfides and carbonates, resulting in massive, high-grade ore. Cathodoluminescence microscopy reveals that ore is associated with two generations of dolomite cement that appear to predate the regional dolomite cement associated with main-stage Pb-Zn mineralization in the Viburnum Trend. The stratigraphic position, massive character, metal contents, mineral zoning and textures, and gangue dolomite cements of the orebody are unusual for the Viburnum Trend. Mineralogically and stratigraphically, these ores are more similar to the historically mined ores of the Indian Creek and Fredericktown-Mine La Motte districts to the north and east of the Viburnum Trend. In the Brushy Creek mine, the lower ores are not related to obvious stratigraphic controls, such as pinch-outs of the Lamotte Sandstone against Precambrian knobs, but appear to be localized along early zones of fracture-enhanced porosity and permeability within the Lamotte Sandstone, which promoted extreme dissolution of host rocks at the base of the Bonneterre Dolomite and development of high-grade Cu-(Ni-Co)-Zn-rich ore. The presence of distinct Ni- and Ni-Co-rich areas and the spatial variability of sphalerite types across the orebody indicate that there were likely multiple sites of ore fluid introduction whose influence varied with time during development of the ores.
Enzyme alterations in the epiphyseal plate of the rabbit resulting from aminoacetonitrile administration.

Lathyritic lesions were induced in young growing rabbits by the administration of aminoacetonitrile. The animals with lathyritic lesions and those in a control group were sacrificed and frozen-dried sections were prepared from the epiphyseal plate of the femur after the method of Lowry. By use of specialized methods, the proliferating and hypertrophic cartilage-cell and primary-spongiosa areas of these animals were studied for their content of lactic, malic, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, alkaline phosphate, and total phosphorus. Striking depression of lactic and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was observed in the areas of the hypertrophic cartilage cells and primary spongiosa. Phosphoglucoisomerase was reduced throughout all three areas. On the other hand, the content of total phosphorus, malic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphate in these areas was not disturbed. The most severe enzyme alterations occurred in those areas most disrupted by aminoacetonitrile. From these and previous observations, it is felt that the morphological disruption of the epiphyseal plate associated with aminoacetonitrile treatment results from the reduction in activity of several enzyme systems normally providing metabolic intermediates and high-energy phosphate necessary for tissue synthesis. These observations are discussed in relation to the nutritional status of the animals, previous studies of the developing epiphyseal plate of the dog, and the protective effects of thyroxine and triiodothyronine against aminoacetonitrile lesions.
BRIEF REPORT: Defective Synthesis of IgM Antibodies in Macroglobulinemia

Four patients with macroglobulinemia demonstrated an impaired ability to produce IgM antibody when stimulated with a relatively weak antigen, sheep cell stroma, but not with a more potent antigen, Brucellin. The explanation of this defect is unknown. It may be in part the cause of the greater-than-normal infection rate seen in patients with macroglobulinemia.
$$\lambda $$ Ori: A Case Study in Star Formation

In the previous chapters we have discussed the products of the star formation process. In the remaining chapters we focus on an overview of star-forming regions; however, in this chapter we take an in-depth look at one young region in particular, the \(\lambda \) Orionis association. Our discussion begins by placing the \(\lambda \) Ori region in context through investigating the local environment, namely the interstellar dust and molecular gas. We then move on to a census of the stellar population of the \(\lambda \) Ori region, briefly introducing the high-mass stars, before providing a more comprehensive description of the low-mass stars, specifically in terms of the history of their identification and what information we can extract from them concerning the star formation history of the region. We conclude by using this analysis to create an almost complete picture of how the region formed and subsequently evolved to its current state of dissolving into the Galactic field.
Design of Raman active nanoparticles for SERS-based detection

Timely detection of cardiac biomarkers is needed to diagnose acute myocardial infarction, implement the appropriate early treatment, and significantly reduce the chance of mortality. Ideally, for maximizing patient impact, a point of care device needs to be designed that is fast, sensitive, reliable, and small enough to be used in the ambulance and emergency department. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive optical technique that can potentially be used to quantify the cardiac biomarkers of interest. In this work, silver nanoparticles were functionalized with a Raman reporter molecule and human cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) as an essential component of binding assays. Aggregated nanoparticles with the Raman reporter molecules were encapsulated in a silica shell to form SERS hotspots. Besides having a specific Raman spectra and binding affinity to cardiac Troponin I antibodies, the nanoparticles were designed to exhibit stability by using silica and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as part of the bioconjugation strategy. The specific narrow peaks from the Raman reporter molecule SERS signal allow for potential multiplexing capabilities as different Raman reporter molecules can be used in functionalized nanoparticles with different cardiac biomarkers. The SERS spectrum of the functionalized nanoparticles was measured to assess its potential to be used in an assay.
The Dissociation Constant of m-Nitroanilinium Ion in Water-Tetrahydrofuran Solvents at 25 °C.

The dissociation constant of m-nitroanilinium ion has been determined in water and in six water-tetrahydrofuran mixtures. The results are compared with those for water-methanol mixtures.
Rigidity in Decision Behaviors: A Within-Subject Test of Information Acquisition Using Strategic and Financial Informational Cues

In contrast to prior investigations using between-subjects designs to infer the existence of rigidity in decision behaviors, this research used a within-subject design to directly measure rigidity....
Lack of Evolution Acceptance Inhibits Students’ Negotiation of Biology-based Socioscientific Issues

The purpose of this study was to explore science content used during college students’ negotiation of biology-based socioscientific issues (SSI) and examine how it related to students’ conceptual understanding and acceptance of biological evolution. The Socioscientific Issues Questionnaire (SSI-Q) was developed to measure depth of evolutionary science content use during SSI negotiation. Fifty-two upper level undergraduate biology and non-biology majors completed the SSI-Q and also the Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection to assess evolution understanding and the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution to appraise evolution acceptance. A multiple regression analysis tested for interaction effects between the predictor variables, evolution understanding and evolution acceptance. Results indicate that college students primarily use science concepts related to evolution to negotiate biology-based SSI including variation in a population, inheritance of traits, differential success, and change thr...
Problems, Illustrations, History

In this first chapter we will use geometric intuition and geometric imagination to explain all the problems and all the results which are presented in this book. In the first chapter there will be no proofs at all. It is hoped that this will serve as an introduction for those not familiar with the subject. The proofs and the mathematical foundations of graph theory and the theory of surfaces will be presented in later chapters.
3p and 10q deletions detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): A potential new tool for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

7606 Objectives: To study the feasibility of detecting chromosomal deletions at the 3p and 10q regions in bronchoscopic brush biopsies and touch preparations by FISH and to study their distribution...
Jason Compson's invisible life: illocutionary logic in The Sound and the Fury

ABSTRACTThis article reads the character of Jason Compson, from William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, through the philosopher John Searle's theories of speech acts and social ontology. I will claim that Jason's narrative, a putatively simple section in a famously difficult modernist novel, contains degrees of complexity that become fully apparent only when viewed through a lens that can account for both its distinctive speech forms and the social entities that feature in its plot. Attending to illocutionary form permits us to see how the performative language of Faulkner's section connects speech acts, financial instruments, and institutional structures, and does so in a manner that embeds those abstract entities in the concrete affective space of an individual mind. Ultimately, I suggest that Faulkner's ‘simplest’ chapter offers an alternative pathway for tracking modernist fiction's stylistic engagement with its institutional milieu.
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA : EXTENDING THE PROSPECTS FOR CURE

Advances in our understanding of the molecular defects underlying this leukemia have led to novel therapeutic approaches that have not only altered the natural history of the disease but also apparently effected cures in some patients. The next step may be to offer the possibility of a cure to all patients. Allogeneic bone marrow and T cell transplantation shows promise in this regard.