cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing treatment response between LGBQ and heterosexual individuals attending a CBT- and DBT-skills-based partial hospital.

Objective Despite a greater need for mental health treatment in individuals identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other sexual minority identities (LGBQ+), no prior study has examined mental health treatment outcomes for LGBQ+ populations receiving standard care. We compared individuals identifying as LGBQ+ or heterosexual on treatment outcomes following a partial hospital program based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Method A total of 441 participants (19% LGBQ+; mean age = 34.42 years; 56% female, 42% male, 2% nonbinary) attending a partial hospital program completed measures at admission and discharge as part of standard care. We compared LGBQ+ and heterosexual individuals on symptom outcomes (24-item Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire), program dropout due to inpatient hospitalization, clinical global improvement, and perceived quality of care, controlling for baseline characteristics using propensity score adjustment. Results Controlling for baseline demographic and clinical variables and a 10% false discovery rate, LGBQ+ and heterosexual individuals did not differ on treatment outcomes. However, when examining sexual identity subgroups, bisexual individuals reported more self-injurious and suicidal thoughts and worse perceptions of care at posttreatment compared to all other sexual identities. Conclusions Findings support the comparable effectiveness of CBT- and DBT-skills-based hospital treatment for LGBQ+ and heterosexual individuals overall but suggest specific treatment disparities for bisexual individuals. Future research is needed to establish the effectiveness of traditional evidence-based treatment in other settings and to determine whether LGBQ+ affirmative treatments for specific LGBQ+ subgroups are superior to traditional treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record
Delayed Pneumothorax: A Potential Complication Of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy

The purpose of this article is to report a case of secondary tension pneumothorax presenting seven weeks post Transbronchial Lung biopsy. A 62 year old male with a known history of germ cell tumor was found to have a left-sided pneumothorax which later complicated to a tension pneumothorax.To the best of our knowledge this is the second case being reported for a delayed pneumothorax post a Transbronchial Lung Biopsy .The purpose of this case report is to create awareness among physicians to consider this diagnosis even at a later stage and the importance of patient education regarding the signs and symptoms of pneumothorax. Our case adds to the medical literature, a new presentation of a rare complication of delayed pneumothorax post TBB.
Accepting the challenge: what academic health sciences library directors do to become effective leaders

Objective: This study sought to better understand effective leadership through the lived experiences of academic health sciences library directors. Methods: Phenomenological interviews were conducted with eight academic health sciences library directors to capture the essence of their shared leadership experiences. The research question that guided the study was: How do academic health sciences library directors understand their leadership effectiveness? The interviews were transcribed and coded, and the data were analyzed thematically. Results: Three main themes emerged from data after analysis: assessment of the environment, strategies and decisions, and critical skills. Assessment of the environment includes awareness not only of trends in libraries and technology, but also the trends in health information, higher education, and current events and politics of their institutions and states. The strategies and decisions theme is about the ability to think both in the long-term and short-term when leading the library. Finally, critical skills are those leadership skills that the research participants identified as most important to their leadership effectiveness. Conclusions: The study identified three main themes capturing the essence of the research participants’ leadership experiences. The three themes constitute a wide array of leadership skills that are important to learn, understand, and develop to increase leadership effectiveness. Effective leadership is fundamental to obtaining long-term strategic goals and is critical to the long-term future of the libraries. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program .
Abstract 180: Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated with Higher Mortality Among Stroke Patients

Introduction: There is limited data on the clinical significance of cerebral microbleeds (CMB) among patients with cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of CMB in this population and assess the risk of in-hospital death. Methods: We analyzed consecutive stroke patients at two tertiary stroke centers in a two-year period. Patients without magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or imaging confirmation of an ischemic stroke were excluded from this study. T2*-weighted MRIs were assessed for the number, location, and topography of CMBs as well as other acute and chronic cerebrovascular diseases. We compared the baseline characteristics and clinical information between patients with and without CMBs. Results: Out of 793 stroke patients evaluated in this study (mean age 62±14 years, 52% men, 60% African American, median admission NIHSS: 7), 127 patients (16%) had CMB on their brain imaging. Microbleeds were more prevalent among stroke patients with hypertension (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3-4.1), moderate-severe leukoaraiosis (OR 3.8, 95% CI: 1.6-6.2), and recurrent stroke (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6). There was no significant difference between patients with and without CMBs in terms of sex, race, NIHSS, and discharge mRS. There was a trend toward higher risk of in-hospital mortality among patients with CMB and patients who had CMB in deep brain structures but neither reached a significant difference. However, the risk of in-hospital mortality was higher among patients with multiple (≥5) CMBs. After adjusting for potential confounders, the presence of ≥5 CMBs on T2*-MRI was independently (p Conclusion: Our results indicate that multiple CMBs are associated with higher mortality among stroke patients.
Ecohydrology Models without Borders

Ecohydrology models require diverse geospatial input datasets (e.g. terrain, soils, vegetation species and leaf area index), the acquisition and preparation of which are labor intensive, yielding workflows that are difficult to reproduce. EcohydroLib is a software framework for managing spatial data acquisition and preparation workflows for ecohydrology modeling, while automatically capturing metadata and provenance information. The goal of EcohydroLib is to enable water scientists to spend less time acquiring and manipulating geospatial data and more time using ecohydrology models to test hypotheses, while making it easier for models to be shared and scientific results to be reproduced. This increased reproducibility, ease of sharing, and researcher productivity can enable both model inter comparison of interest within a country, and site inter comparison of interest across national borders. Currently, EcohydroLib allows modelers to work with geospatial data stored locally as well as high spatial resolution U.S. national spatial data available via web services, for example 30-meter digital elevation model and land cover data, and 1:12,000 scale soils data. While researchers working in watersheds outside the U.S. can use EcohydroLib, they must manually download data for their study areas before these data can be imported into EcohydroLib workflows. Though national agencies in the U.S. and Australia offer some datasets via web services, with a few exceptions these are either lower resolution datasets or data made available via Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) interfaces of use primarily for cartography, rather than via OGC Web Coverage Service (WCS) or Web Feature Service (WFS) interfaces needed for integration with numerical models. In this paper we explore: (1) availability of high-resolution national geospatial data web services in the United States and Australia; and (2) integration of Australian web services with EcohydroLib.
Myhill-Nerode theorem for recognizable tree series revisited

In this contribution the MYHILL-NERODE congruence relation on tree series is reviewed and a more detailed analysis of its properties is presented. It is shown that, if a tree series is deterministically recognizable over a zero-divisor free and commutative semiring, then the MYHILL-NERODE congruence relation has finite index. By [Borchardt: Myhill-Nerode Theorem for Recognizable Tree Series. LNCS 2710. Springer 2003] the converse holds for commutative semifields, but not in general. In the second part, a slightly adapted version of the MYHILL-NERODE congruence relation is defined and a characterization is obtained for all-accepting weighted tree automata over multiplicatively cancellative and commutative semirings.
An Atypical Presentation of Tuberculomas in an Immunocompetent Host.

Tuberculomas are an intracranial form of tuberculosis that account for a third of intracranial lesions in endemic areas. If symptomatic, they usually present as meningitis in an immunocompromised h...
Memoir and Memory-Traces

This chapter focuses on two Caribbean writers who, in keeping with a number of their colleagues, present archival and historical material through their own lived experiences and vice versa. Dionne Brand’s memoir recounts her many travels and the ways in which, wherever she is in the world, she sees The Door of No Return as her primary point of reference; in so doing, she draws on an extensive body of literary, cultural, and archival materials alongside her memories of life in Trinidad, Canada, and the many countries to which she has traveled. Patrick Chamoiseau’s history of the penal colony of French Guiana is one that he tells through his deeply affective memories of wandering through its ruins. Both case studies demonstrate keen uses of personal memory and experience as essential sources of knowledge.
Your Programmable NIC Should be a Programmable Switch

Today's NICs are becoming programmable ("smart"). To support new network protocols, services, and offloads, there are NICs today that have on-board FPGAs, embedded processors, programmable forwarding pipelines, and specialized engines to support features like RDMA. Unfortunately, existing programmable NICs have a number of key limitations. It is difficult to chain offloads, schedule competing accesses to shared resources, and support functions that require variable processing time and thus may not run at line-rate. In this paper, we propose PANIC, a new architecture for programmable NICs that overcomes the limitations of existing NIC designs. We divide the NIC into three components: 1) self-contained offload engines, 2) a logical switch, and 3) a logical scheduler. This design overcomes the limitations of existing designs and is able to scale with increasing line-rates to a large number of offloads and long offload chains.
Multi-Commutation Loop Induced Over-voltage Issue on Non-active Switches in Fast Switching Speed Three-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Phase Leg

One of the popular converter topologies applied in high power dc-ac applications is the three-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC). Owing to relatively low switching frequency and slow switching speed of these topologies in high power applications, the commutation loop analysis in these topologies has not been fully conducted, and the over-voltage issue of non-active switches has not been thoroughly analyzed. This paper reveals an over-voltage issue on non-active switches in three level inverters due to multi-commutation loop. The detailed mode analysis during the commutation and related over-voltage issue are given. Finally, Si-based ANPC with 140 kHz switching frequency and SiC-based ANPC converters with 280 kHz switching frequency and high switching speed are tested respectively to compare and verify the over-voltage issue for non-active switches.
Remaining useful life estimation of critical DIII-D subsystems

Abstract DIII-D plays a vital role in the development of the physics basis for fusion energy and the ITER design. Designed and built in the early 1980’s, the system started operations in 1986 and has provided a reliable platform for fusion experiments for over 30 years. A hallmark of DIII-D operations has been its ability to adapt to the changing needs of the fusion research community and support a wide range of tokamak experiments for various stakeholders. An important factor in ensuring continued reliable operations is gaining a thorough understanding of the remaining useful life (RUL) of critical DIII-D systems by means of quantitative assessments of RUL. General Atomics has conducted a pilot RUL assessment project to develop an RUL estimation methodology applicable to various DIII-D systems and demonstrate its feasibility on a critical subsystem (i.e. the F8 field shaping coil). The pilot F8-coil RUL assessment project showed that under typical operating conditions, the F8-coil may be expected to achieve an overall life of >50 years and/or >106 shots and demonstrated that employing reliability engineering techniques coupled with modern analytical tools, quantitative estimates for RUL can be developed with reasonable investment.
Human-like pitch perception mechanisms in marmoset monkeys

The perception of the pitch of harmonic complex sounds is a crucial function of human audition, especially in music and speech processing. Whether the underlying mechanisms of pitch perception are unique to humans, however, is unknown. Based on estimates of frequency resolution at the level of the auditory periphery, psychoacoustic studies in humans have revealed several primary features of central pitch mechanisms. It has been shown that (1) the pitch strength of a harmonic tone is dominated by resolved harmonics; (2) pitch of resolved harmonics is sensitive to the quality of spectral harmonicity; and (3) pitch of unresolved harmonics is sensitive to the salience of temporal envelope cues. Here, we show that, for a standard musical tuning fundamental frequency of 440 Hz (ISO 16), the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey with a hearing range similar to that of humans, exhibits all the primary features of central pitch mechanisms demonstrated in humans. Thus, marmosets and humans may share similar pitch perception mechanisms, combined with previous findings of a specialized pitch processing region in both marmoset and human auditory cortex, suggesting that these mechanisms may have emerged early in primate evolution.
Inferring a Graph’s Topology from Games Played on It

We consider an iterated model of agents playing a two-player game on a graph. The agents change their strategies as the game progresses based on anticipated payoffs. Using only the time series of t...
The oropharyngeal microbiome is altered in individuals with schizophrenia and mania.

Abstract It is being increasingly recognized that human mucosal surfaces are not sterile but are colonized with microorganisms collectively known as the microbiome. The microbiome can alter brain functioning in humans and animals by way of a series of interactions operative in the brain-immune-gut interactome. We characterized the oropharyngeal microbiome in 316 individuals, including 121 with schizophrenia, 62 with mania, 48 with major depressive disorder, and 85 controls without a psychiatric disorder. We found that the oropharyngeal microflora of individuals with schizophrenia and individuals with mania differed from controls in composition and abundance as measured by the weighted UniFrac distance (both p Individuals with schizophrenia and mania have altered compositions of the oropharyngeal microbiome. An understanding of the biology of the microbiome and its effect on the brain might lead to new insights into the pathogenesis, and ultimately, the prevention and treatment of these disorders.
Joint optimization of location, inventory, and condition-based replacement decisions in service parts logistics

We model, analyze and study the effects of considering condition-based replacement of parts within an integrated Service Parts Logistics (SPL) system, where geographically dispersed customers’ prod...
Take it lying down: Finding my feet after a spinal cord injury

Eventually the brain’s battle to overcome the trouble it’s in must come to an end; you either conquer your territory or you don’t. But my battle isn’t one that can have a black-and-white victory. I...
Improving the Activity of DNA-Encoded Sensing Elements through Confinement in Silk Microcapsules

Assembling synthetic bioparts into simplified artificial cells holds tremendous promise for advancing studies into the synthesis, biosensing, and delivery of biomolecules. Currently, the most successful techniques for encapsulation of the transcription-translation machinery exploit compartmentalization in liposomal vesicles. However, improvements to these methods may increase permeability to polar molecules, functionalization of the membrane with biologically active elements, and encapsulation efficiency. Microcapsules prepared via templated layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly using natural polymers have the potential to resolve some of the hurdles associated with liposomes. Here, we introduce a design for immobilizing DNA templates encoding translationally activated riboswitches and RNA aptamers into microcapsules prepared from regenerated silk fibroin protein. Adjusting several key parameters such as the presence of a polymer primer, concentration of silk protein, and DNA loadings during LbL assembly resulted in biocompatible, semipermeable, DNA-laden microcapsules. To preserve bioactivity, DNA was immobilized inside of the capsule membrane, which not only promoted stability during long-term storage at ambient conditions but also improved output response from spatially confined DNA-encoded sensing elements (SEs). Multiple copies of mRNA and GFPa1 protein were synthesized upon activation with specific analytes during in vitro transcription/translation reactions, demonstrating that selective permeability of silk microcapsules was essential for the diffusion of components of the cell-free system inside of the capsules. Further functionalization of capsule shells with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and antibodies (IgG) demonstrated the applicability of microcompartmentalized colloidal objects carrying SEs for remote sensing and/or targeted delivery. In the future, multifunctional, biocompatible silk-based microcapsules loaded with different RNA sensors can help advance the design of multiplexed biosensors tracking multiple biomarkers in complex media.
Deep Multilayered Models for Classification Based on Stochastic Optimization

Development of efficient neural network classifier topology involves preprocessing of training data to reduce noise and discrepancies, utilizing an abstract number of hidden layers, choice of correct activation functions etc. The goal of this research is to study the differences of training Deep Learning Multilayer Perceptron (DLMP) with backpropagation when using stochastic gradient-based optimization methods as stochastic gradient descent and Adam for classification of multiclass real datasets with big dimensions. K-fold cross validation is used to split training and testing data in order to compare the performance of each model with the respective set of parameters. Experiments shown here include MNIST, Poker, and Shuttle datasets, and loss and accuracy metrics were compiled in a table for comparison.
Derivation of Wannier orbitals and minimal-basis tight-binding Hamiltonians for twisted bilayer graphene: First-principles approach

This paper derives tight-binding Hamiltonians for the electronic flat bands of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. The resulting models are valid for a wide range of twist angles and provide a foundation for the study of electron-electron correlations in this system.
Deicing of a GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum laminate – Part 2: Influence of substrate curvature

Abstract This two part study investigated the deicing performance of a GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum laminate and the influence of its surface curvature on the ice-to-water phase change. Part-1 of this study described the numerical model and the experiments conducted to validate the numerical model. In companion, Part-2 focused on interrogating the influence of substrate curvature on the phase transition based on a numerical model, in which an ice-to-water phase change method in a Lagrangian numerical framework predicted the deicing of a rectangular flat- and a curved GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum 5A-3/2 laminate embedded with a recurring S-shaped copper-mesh. As seen, deicing of the rectangular flat GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum 5A-3/2 model demanded a surface power density of 14.62 kW/m2 at an ambient temperature of 267.15 K. The numerically predicted deicing time, surface power density and deicing temperature of the rectangular flat GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum model were in excellent agreement with that of the rectangular flat GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum specimen of the experiment. Using the identical surface power density and power pulse duration, the curved GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum model required a deicing time 9 s shorter than that needed by the rectangular flat GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum model. After the melting of the entire ice-aluminum interface, temperature of the curved GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum model exhibited a steep increase and surpassed the temperature of the rectangular flat counterpart. A higher temperature of GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum is appreciated for efficient deicing, if the cyclic change of temperature does not induce thermal fatigue.
Fabrication and Tests of Structural Models

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FABRICATION AND TESTING OF STRUCTURAL MODELS ARE SUMMARIZED. CONSIDERABLE EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON THE EMERGENCE OF A TECHNOLOGY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SMALL SCALE ULTIMATE LOAD MODELS AND THE CONSEQUENT INCREASE IN USAGE OF SUCH MODELS. COMPARISONS ARE GIVEN OF THE RELATIVE COST EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DECISIONS IN THE MODELING PROCESS AND METHODS FOR REDUCING COSTS ARE OUTLINED. EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL STUDIES ARE PRESENTED TO ILLUSTRATE THE NECESSITY FOR DETAILED PLANNING AND INSPECTION OF ALL FABRICATION, LOADING, AND INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS. THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL MODELS, AND A COMPLETE SPECTRUM OF LOAD RANGES, FROM STATIC TO BLAST LOADING ARE INCLUDED. WHILE PRIMARY ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO ULTIMATE LOAD MODELS, REQUIREMENTS FOR SERVICE LOAD TESTING AND BUCKLING STUDIES ARE ALSO INCLUDED. /ASCE/
Adult Tumors of Soft Tissue, Bone, and Bone Marrow: What the Clinician Wants to Know

The perceived value of the radiologist to the healthcare team hinges on the accuracy of image interpretation and the quality, clarity, and consistency of the associated report. A thorough understanding of what clinicians want to know from imaging of soft tissue, bone, and bone marrow tumors allows the radiologist to better analyze and communicate the relevant findings using a common multidisciplinary language. Inclusion in the report of a detailed patient history relative to the tumor is also important in that it indicates to the clinician and the patient a clear engagement in the patient’s care and an insight into the desired imaging objectives. With these tenets in mind, this review highlights what clinicians want to know from imaging for soft tissue, bone, and bone marrow tumors.
Millennials versus Old Economy Steve: Memes, Generational Abandonment, and the Possibilities of Taking Care

Although the Great Recession affected most US Americans, Millennials were among the groups that most felt its impact. Despite this, older generations framed Millennials’ laziness and narcissism as ...
Snapping Hip Syndrome: A Comprehensive Update.

# Purpose of review This is a comprehensive literature review regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of snapping hip syndrome (SHS). It covers the diverse etiology of the syndrome and management steps from conservative to more advanced surgical techniques. # Recent Findings Recent advances in imaging modalities may help in diagnosing and treating SHS. Additionally, arthroscopic procedures can prove beneficial in treating recalcitrant cases of SHS and have recently gained popularity due to their non-invasive nature. # Summary SHS presents as an audible snap due to anatomical structures in the medial thigh compartment and hip. While often asymptomatic, in some instances, the snap is associated with pain. Its etiology can be broadly classified between external SHS and internal SHS, which involve different structures but share similar management strategies. The etiology can be differentiated by imaging and physical exam maneuvers. Treatment is recommended for symptomatic SHS and begins conservatively with physical therapy, rest, and anti-inflammatory medications. Most cases resolve after 6-12 months of conservative management. However, arthroscopic procedures or open surgical management may be indicated for those with persistent pain and symptoms. Different surgical approaches are recommended when treating internal SHS vs. external SHS. Due to advancements in treatment options, symptomatic SHS commonly becomes asymptomatic following intervention.
Proteus: (Am)bushmen and the Theology of Queer Presence

This chapter analyzes Proteus to show how queerness wrestles with colonial entanglements and colonial Christianity. Equally subject to critique is a certain kind of nativist anti-queer solidarity that is deconstructed through a return to Africana indigenous sensibilities and cosmologies.
The D.C. Circuit’s Excessively High Causation Standard in Rambus

In the most important ruling ever on causation and standard-setting, In re Rambus, the D.C. Circuit made it unnecessarily difficult to demonstrate causation. It erected roadblock after roadblock in front of legitimate cases alleging monopolization in the standard-setting context. The primary hurdle took the form of a dichotomy. The court reasoned that Rambus’s nondisclosure of its patents was responsible for the standard-setting organization (SSO) either (1) adopting its technology or (2) failing to obtain reasonable-and-nondiscriminatory (RAND) royalties. But its reasoning on each prong of the dichotomy cut off legitimate claims. The first prong, of adoption, received a strict “but for” causation standard that is essentially impossible for a plaintiff to show. The FTC was punished for not “eliminating the possibility” that the SSO might have included Rambus’s technology even if it had been disclosed. But the difficulties of proving a sole cause and predicting a counterfactual setting are extremely difficult. The challenges are even higher in the standard-setting context, in which there are numerous potential technologies, including many that are unpatented and less expensive. The second prong, addressing RAND royalties, suffered from an excessive reliance on the case of NYNEX Corp. v. Discon, Inc., which presented a far different factual scenario than Rambus. The D.C. Circuit imbued one line in the case, on monopoly pricing, with far more weight than was warranted. In addition, unlike Rambus, the case dealt with the conduct of a party that already had monopoly power.
“‘Narratives from Another Creek’: Judith Wright and the Poetics of Water in Australia”

The recent dramatic evidence that Australia’s largest river system is severely stressed to the point of imminent collapse compels Australians to face the critical challenge of fostering and developing a new way of understanding their relationship to water in Australia, and by extension, the intricately dynamic natural world upon which, or, rather, in and by which, they subsist. The change of preposition reflects the prevailing mentality: that humans hold dominion over the land and its bounty, a persistent presumption of command and control which, in itself, points to the scale of the contest we face—the need to radically change, at the most fundamental level, long-held attitudes towards the earth and its “bounty.” Affronted and alarmed by the degradation of the natural environment in Australia, Judith Wright, renowned poet and environmental activist, challenged prevailing attitudes and practices, finding in and through poetry an effective means of envisioning new forms of awareness. A pioneering environmentalist, Wright’s concerns over the environment align directly with the now-established ecological, eco-feminist and postcolonial critiques. In reading Wright’s poem, “Unknown Water,” this paper offers a reappraisal of her ideas and work as both poet and political activist so that Wright’s “ecopoetics” can be seen as both a guide to, and affirmation of the need for, a celebratory poetics of water in Australia and beyond.
Ultrasound: Past, Present and Future

Ultrasound has been used as a diagnostic tool for more than 40 years. Many medical applications have been found, mostly notably in obstetrics and cardiology. It had a humble beginning, started by a few curious scientists and clinicians in different parts of the world in early 1950s and did not become an established diagnostic tool until early 1970s when grey scale ultrasonography was introduced. Modern ultrasound scanners are capable of producing images of anatomical structures in great detail in grey scale and of blood flow in a color scale in real-time. State of the art 4D scanners yielding 3D volumetric images in real-time are pushing the technical envelope further. Today ultrasound is the second-most used clinical imaging modality next only to conventional x-ray radiography. Although ultrasound is considered to be a mature technology, technical advances are still constantly being made. The most significant achievements in ultrasound recently have been in the developments of approaches capable of quantitative measurement of tissue elastic properties, namely ultrasound elastography and radiation force imaging, high frequency imaging yielding improved spatial resolution and therapeutic applications in drug delivery and high intensity focused ultrasound surgery. In this paper, the history and current state of medical ultrasound will be reviewed and future developments discussed.
On self adaptive routing in dynamic environments - an evaluation and design using a simple, probabilistic scheme

Recently we have seen an emergent trend of self adaptive routing in both Internet and wireless ad hoc networks. Although there are previous methods for computing the traffic equilibria of self adaptive routing (e.g., selfish routing), these methods use computationally demanding algorithms and require that a precise analytical model of the network be given. Also, it remains an open question how to design an adaptive routing scheme which ensures convergence to traffic equilibria in practice. In this paper we propose a simple, efficient, distributed probabilistic routing scheme for self adaptive routing in dynamic, realistic environments. Using both analysis and extensive simulations, we show that our scheme can converge to the desired traffic equilibrium (either user-optimal or network-optimal) very quickly. We find that user-optimal routing can achieve very close to optimal average latency in dynamic environments, but such performance often comes at the cost of seriously overloading certain links. To avoid link overloads, we improve adaptive routing by optimizing average user latency and link utilization simultaneously. Our evaluation shows that there is a trade-off between optimizing dual objectives, but the degradation in average latency is only marginal for typical link utilization requirements.
Environmental Effects on Seafood Availability, Safety, and Quality (Chemical & Functional Properties of Food Components). Edited by E. Grażyna Daczkowska-Kozon and Bonnie Sun Pan

The authors provide an excellent wide-ranging historical and up-to-the-minute literature review of seafood quality, safety, environmental concepts, and the impacts of both intrinsic and extrinsic f...
Missing Persons and Paternity: DNA

If a perpetrator leaves biological tissue at the scene of a crime, then the DNA profile of the tissue should match the profile of the perpetrator. Matching DNA profiles are therefore used to associate suspects with crime scenes. Because DNA profiles have a genetic basis they are similar when they are taken from related people. Similarity of profiles from relatives is less stringent than complete matching and the quantification of the degree of similarity is used in parentage and missing person situations. In a case of disputed paternity, the probability of the DNA profiles from mother, child, and alleged father are calculated under the alternative hypotheses that the alleged father is or is not the true father. In a case of a missing person where some remains are available, the probability of the profiles of the remains and of family members of the missing person are calculated under the alternative hypotheses that the remains are or are not those of the missing person. In all these situations, relatedness may refer to membership of the same family or membership of the same population. Keywords: DNA profiles; relatedness; parentage dispute; missing person; evolutionary relatedness; alleged father; coancestry
Passing it on : The inheritance of summer houses and cultural identity

As part of an ongoing study of extended kinship with a focus specifically on the non-fungible inherited property of a summer house, interviews were conducted with 60 respondents, second to fourth generation heirs to typically modest summer cottages in New England. While not all of Protestant stock, all come to embrace a cultural identity of inner-worldly asceticism as explicated in Weber’sProtestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, if they are to use the house at all. Such summer houses require disciplined work on the part of their heirs, both to maintain the property and to conserve it “for the glory of God” rather than capitalize on it by selling it off to developers. Sacralized by its heirs, the summer house becomes the focus of their ongoing relations with each other, across and between the generations. The study suggests that the perpetuation of the Protestant Ethic may not require an “iron cage”: instead, the sharing of material property contributes to warm relations among extended kin (currently ignored by sociological analysis of families) as well as to their collective and individual sense of cultural identity.
Heat and Mass Transfer in an Industrial EFG Silicon Tube Growth System

Progressively expanding of photovoltaic industry has caused worldwide silicon feedstock shortage. The fast growth of high quality thin tubes is critical to achieve high solar cell efficiency while reducing the consumption of raw materials. A previously developed comprehensive two-dimensional global model, has been used to predict electromagnetic induction heating and heat and mass transfer in the entire growth system. To achieve more accurate simulation results, a two dimensional local model is developed to simulate the temperature distribution along the silicon tube and temperature gradient at the solid-liquid interface, which are critical for stable growth, and residual stress. The radiation, convection and conduction heat transfer between silicon tube and environment and treatments of solid-liquid interface movement and solidification latent heat generation at the growth interface are discussed in this paper. Simulation results of the electromagnetic and temperature fields for a large diameter EFG is presented. A one-dimensional dynamic model is used to study the oscillation of silicon tube thickness under different conditions. Parametric studies have been performed to study the effects of pull rate and tube thickness on tube temperature distribution and tube quality. The effects of different carrying gas flow rates will also be investigated. The relationship between the temperature profile along the silicon tube and the silicon tube thickness, pull rate, and gas flow rate is established.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in a Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Objective: To report a case of the venous obstructive condition known as phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) in the presence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Case Summary: A 50-year-old white female presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of a bluish discoloration of her toes and hands accompanied by chest pain and shortness of breath. The evident edema, tenderness on palpation, and cyanosis of the extremities were suggestive of PCD. She had been hospitalized approximately one month previously due to a fibular fracture and again within the past 2 weeks for intractable abdominal pain and nausea. During her current hospital stay, she was diagnosed with multiple venous thromboembolisms (VTEs); at the time of admission, an unfractionated heparin (UFH) drip was initiated to treat her VTEs. Due to a decreased platelet count on admission, a platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody assay was performed and found to be positive. After discontinuation of UFH, her platelet count slowly returned to normal range. Discussion: The pathogenesis of HIT is due to formation of antibodies against the complex of heparin and PF4. HIT is characterized by a reduction in the platelet count approximately 4-14 days after the initiation of heparin therapy plus a paradoxical prothrombotic state. The typical diagnostic clues are a drop in platelet count of 50% from baseline with the initiation of heparin and a positive assay for heparin-PF4-immunoglobulin G. This condition may result in PCD, which presents as the triad of pain, edema, and cyanosis. This condition often results in venous or arterial thrombus formation. The treatment for PCD includes immediate discontinuation of heparin products and anticoagulation with a direct thrombin inhibitor. Conclusions: Thromboembolic complications such as PCD are often observed as a presenting feature of HIT. To avoid these potentially limb- and life-threatening complications, clinicians must be vigilant in their monitoring of platelets and clinical signs and symptoms of HIT while patients are on heparin therapy.
Premises, premises: comments on the comparability of classifications.

Les classifications des maladies et des causes de la mortalite sont comparees et discutees selon les arguments des historiens de la medecine ou des historiens de la demographie
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN GRANULAR COLUMNS

Atomistic simulations of the vertical propagation of perturbations in deep gravitationally compacted granular columns characterized by the intergrain potential $V\left(\ensuremath{\delta}\right)\ensuremath{\propto}{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{n}$, with $n\ensuremath{\ge}2$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}$ the grain overlap, are shown to recover the results of elasticity theory for weak perturbations. For strong perturbations, the sound velocity ${c}_{\mathrm{strong}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{c}_{\mathrm{weak}}$ as $z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ with the deviations from ${c}_{\mathrm{weak}}$ best expressed via a certain recursion relation in $z$. We predict that voids in real granular columns lead to $c\ensuremath{\propto}1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, when the void fraction $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is small, and show that the velocity power spectrum of a grain resembles that of a harmonic oscillator chain as $z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$.
STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PHAGOCYTES AND TUBERCLE BACILLI : I. OBSERVATIONS ON THE METABOLISM OF GUINEA PIG LEUCOCYTES AND THE INFLUENCE OF PHAGOCYTOSIS

As a basis for studies on the interaction of phagocytes and tubercle bacilli experiments were carried out to obtain information on some biochemical characteristics of exudate leucocytes from guinea pigs. It was found that total cellular phosphorus was the most suitable measure of protoplasm. Cell counts were less reliable because of unavoidable clumping in the suspension, and dry weight measurements were less specific when contamination with erythrocytes occurred. The utility of phosphorus measurements in this connection depends upon the fact that an erythrocyte contains only 4 per cent of the phosphorus present in a leucocyte. From measurements on mixed suspensions consisting of varying known proportions of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes as determined by differential counting, it was possible to compute true values for these two cell types with respect to oxygen consumption and lactic acid production. Thus it was found that monocytes consumed considerably more oxygen and produced more lactate than polymorphonuclear leucocytes. From the data obtained it is suggested that differences in metabolic activity found when comparing cell suspensions obtained by the use of different irritants are due to different proportions of the two cell types. In particular, the effects of oxygen tension and pH on the activities of the cells were studied. It was found that decreasing the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere from that of air to 1 per cent reduced oxygen consumption by about 80 per cent, whereas lactic acid production was increased by about 45 per cent. It was also found that decreasing the pH of the medium below pH 7.5 caused a considerable reduction in the respiration, lactate production, and viability of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The monocytes proved less sensitive to similar changes in pH, especially with regard to lactic acid production and viability. Observations were made of oxygen consumption and lactate production during phagocytosis. During the hour following the addition of heat-killed tubercle bacilli to the phagocytes, the oxygen consumption of suspensions rich in polymorphonuclear leucocytes rose by 60 per cent, and that of suspensions rich in monocytes rose by nearly 100 per cent. Lactic acid production was unchanged during phagocytosis.
A transformation of series

The transformation (*) $$\sum\limits_{\nu = 0}^\infty {t_\nu z^\nu \to } \sum\limits_{\nu = 0}^\infty {\left\{ {\sum\limits_{\tau = 0}^{h - 1} {z^\tau } \Delta ^\nu t_{h\nu + \tau } + \frac{{z^h }}{{1 - z}}\Delta ^\nu t_{h(\nu + 1)} } \right\}} \left( {\frac{{z^{h + 1} }}{{1 - z}}} \right)^\nu$$ whereh≥0 is an integer and Δ operates upon the coefficients {t v } of the series being transformed, is derived. Whenh=0, the above transformation is the generalised Euler transformation, of which (*) is itself a generalisation. Based upon the assumption that $$t_\nu = \int\limits_0^1 {\varrho ^\nu d\sigma (\varrho ) } (\nu = 0, 1,...)$$ , where σ(ϱ) is bounded and non-decreasing for 0≤ϱ≤1 and subject to further restrictions, a convergence theory of (*) is given. Furthermore, the question as to when (*) functions as a convergence acceleration transformation is investigated. Also the optimal valne ofh to be taken is derived. A simple algorithm for constructing the partial sums of (*) is devised. Numerical illustrations relating to the case in whicht v =(v+1) −1 (v=0,1,...) are given.
Acetylcholine-activated Cl- channel in the Chara tonoplast.

Acetylcholine has long been suggested to play a role in controlling physiological processes in plants, but no mechanism has been shown for its action. We show here that a chloride channel in the tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) of Chara corallina responds to acetylcholine. The channel has a conductance of 45 pS. The effect of acetylcholine is enhanced by nicotine, with the open probability increasing from 0.05 in the presence of 4 mM acetylcholine to 0.3 in the presence of 4 mM acetylcholine + 6 mM nicotine. Some effects of acetylcholine were seen at concentrations as low as 20 mM, with a maximum effect between 1 and 10 mM. In the intact cell, acetylcholine prolongs the depolarized phase of the action potential. We propose that this acetylcholine-gated channel has evolved separately from the mammalian acetylcholine-gated channel, and suggest that this represents a third form of acetylcholine signal transduction, after the nicotinic and muscarinic pathways in animal systems.
Impacts of long-timescale variability in solar resources at high PV penetrations: Quantification

Quantification and mitigation of solar resource variability's impacts at short timescales (minutes to hours) have been examined extensively. This is because resource and subsequent solar generation variability as a result of short-term weather and diurnal effects poses the clearest link to utility planning timeframes: regulation markets, load following and unit commitment. Intermittency on the scale of days to weeks represents a longer-term, but no less important barrier to high-level solar penetration because it determines the types of solutions needed to ensure resource availability—primarily energy storage and long-distance interconnection.
NCK and PAK Participate in the Signaling Pathway by Which Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Stimulates the Assembly of Focal Adhesions

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced endothelial cell migration is a key step in the angiogenic response and is mediated, in part, by an accelerated rate of focal adhesion complex assembly and disassembly. We investigated the signaling pathway by which VEGF regulates focal adhesion complex assembly by examining the signaling proteins involved. VEGF stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH2 domain-containing signaling proteins NCK and CRK in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The signaling pathways that couple the kinase insert domain-containing receptor to NCK and CRK is most likely mediated by another cellular protein, as NCK and CRK were tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to VEGF in cells expressing receptors mutated at each of several candidate SH2 domain-interacting cytosolic tyrosines. In the absence of VEGF treatment, NCK (but not CRK) associated with the p21 GTPase-activated kinase PAK. PAK catalytic activity was augmented after VEGF treatment; an association of PAK with 60- and 90-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins accompanied this. VEGF stimulated the recruitment of PAK to focal adhesions, and FAK immunoprecipitated with both NCK and PAK in VEGF-treated (but not untreated) human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Inhibition of NCK protein expression using antisense oligonucleotides led to the inhibition of both VEGF-induced focal adhesion assembly and VEGF-induced cell migration, demonstrating a necessary role of NCK in these cellular responses.
Phase equilibria of the mixtures methane + n-hexane + n-hexatriacontane, methane + toluene + naphthalene, and methane + n-hexane + naphthalene

Abstract Hong, S.-P., Green, K.A. and Luks, K.D., 1993. Phase equilibria of the mixtures methane + n-hexane + n-hexatriacontane, methane + toluene + naphthalene, and methane + n -hexane + naphthalene. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 87: 255-272. Solid-liquid-vapor phase equilibria for the binary mixtures methane + n-hexatriacontane and methane + naphthalene were measured using stoichiometric techniques. Also, methane solubilities in mixtures of n-hexane+n-hexatriacontane at 343.15 and 347.15 K, in mixtures of toluene + naphthalene at 323.15, 333.15, 343.15 and 351.30 K, and in mixtures of n-hexane + naphthalene at 351.30 K were measured. These phase equilibrium data can provide equation-of-state binary interaction parameters for methane + n-hexatriacontane and methane + naphthalene at temperatures below the heavier species' melting point, in which states these mixtures are normally solid-fluid systems. In addition, binary interaction parameters can be obtained from these data for the hydrocarbon pairs n-hexane + n-hexatriacontane, toluene + naphthalene, and n-hexane + naphthalene.