cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IFRS in the Accounting Curriculum - Implications from Different Perspectives

The switch from United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles to IFRS is an extremely large undertaking which will have far reaching effects. Many studies have focused on the effect of possible adoption of IFRS from the perspectives of companies, accountants, or other business stakeholders. This paper attempts to obtain feedback regarding possible IFRS adoption from different angles, particularly from student perspective. Specifically, this paper surveys student comfort level on IFRS new standards as well as their opinions on how well the current curriculum teaches IFRS. Key words: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); US GAAP; accounting curriculum
The nature of the second dimension in 2D NMR

A two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectrum is produced from the double Fourier Transform (FT) of two time domains, t1 and t2. One of these domains, t2, is identical to the acquisition time used to collect a Free Induction Decay (FID) in one-dimensional (1D) NMR spectroscopy. After performing the FTs of a series of these FIDs, an array of resonance lines is obtained whose amplitudes and phases are a function of t1. The t1 domain is then composed of another series of “FIDs” that are related to those collected during t2. In this article, it is shown that in a heteronuclear-J, δ gated-decoupling experiment, the “FIDs” in the t1 domain produce, after the FT, proton-coupled spectra whose sum is identical to that obtained from a 1D carbon FID collected with no proton decoupling.
What should we teach about formal codes of communication ethics

First, this article summarizes major arguments levied against codes. Second, standards for a sound ethical code are presented. Third, a trend is described toward more concrete codes developed by specific communication organizations. Finally, positive functions of codes are examined, with special emphasis on two: the argumentative function and the character‐depiction function.
Visualization of Vortices in Simulated Airflow around Bat Wings During Flight

Introduction: We present visualizations that emphasize vortices in simulated airflow around a motion-captured bat model. These visualizations aim to help biologists gain understanding on the mechanics of bat flight. As suggested by our fluid dynamics collaborators, studying the formation and shedding of vortices in the flight of bats will help scientists understand the efficient mechanisms bats employ in generating lift. By understanding bat flight, we hope to make discoveries in areas such as biomechanics, aerodynamics, and evolutionary biology. This work is the time varying extension of R. Weinstein’s simulation and visualization of a still bat [7].
Induction of the pro-inflammatory NF-kB-sensitive miRNA-146a by human neurotrophic viruses

A remarkably wide variety of human neurotrophic viruses—ranging from herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1; Herpesviridae; dsDNA genome) to Hantavirus (HTV; Bunyaviridae; (−)ssRNA genome) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; Retroviridae; (+)ssRNA genome) are associated with the rapid up-regulation of the NF-kB-sensitive pro-inflammatory microRNA-146a (miRNA-146a) in the host shortly after infection. This significant miRNA-146a up-regulation appears to be beneficial to the infecting virus as part of an immune-evasion strategy. Interestingly, miRNA-146a is also significantly up-regulated in several human central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These include Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion disease where miRNA-146a participates in pro-inflammatory and innate-immune signaling. This opinion paper will comment on some recently clarified roles for the NF-kB-regulated, pro-inflammatory miRNA-146a in viral-induced cellular dysfunction, and how anti-miRNA-146a and/or related therapeutic strategies may be beneficial in the clinical management of a broad spectrum of viral-mediated CNS disease.
Physiological effects of caffeine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and exercise in overweight and obese women.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of a 10-week exercise program with ingestion of caffeine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on body composition, cardiovascular fitness...
Notes toward an epidemiology of urban suicide.

Abstract Faced with the challenge of a major health problem, the present epidemiological study was designed to identify new and emerging high-risk population subgroups, to pinpoint opportunities for early detection, and to suggest new measures that can be implemented in the practice of good preventive medicine. The analysis of the 236 suicides reported in Philadelphia in 1972 found that young black males as well as divorced persons of both sexes represent established high-risk population subgroups. In contrast to reports of high suicide rates among the elderly, there was no evidence of a direct linear increase in suicide risk with increasing age. Only white males showed a peak suicide rate in the oldest age group. Data from this study indicate increasing suicide rates for women. The current ratio of male to female suicides is about 2:1, in contrast to earlier reports of ratios about 3:18 and 4:1.10 The disparity between rates of attempted and completed suicide by sex (women are overrepresented among attempters) is not due to any difference in suicidal intent. Our study found no differences by sex in scores on the Suicide Intent Scale, a behavioral measure of the seriousness of fatal and nonfatal suicide attempts. Factors involving access to the medical establishment and in particular to psychotherapeutic drugs are indicated in the preference for drug overdose shown by female suicides. Such drugs are highly available, but they have a relatively greater degree of medical rescuability when compared to other common suicide methods. An overall increase in suicide by drug overdose, and in particular the use of prescription drugs, suggests the need for public health legislation to require the inclusion of an emetic or some other agent as a deterrent to overdose in the widely prescribed psychotherapeutic drugs. Large numbers of suicides showed blood ethanol levels in excess of the legal definition of intoxication. Clinical experience with attempted suicides suggests that this is frequently due to reluctance, resistance, and fear of the suicide act, which is overcome only with the psychotropic effects of alcohol. Measurement of clinical psychological factors shown to be associated with suicide is now indicated. The high correlation between depression and suicide strongly suggests the need for widespread screening in family practice, using instruments now available for use in diagnosis of depression, such as the Depression Inventory. In addition, the variation in suicidal intent shows that intent is a dimension rather than a dichotomous decision. The use of measures such as the Suicide Intent Scale in hospitalized cases of attempted suicide would provide a good indication of future suicide risk.
Debugging distributed C programs by real time reply

Bugnet is a portable Unix system designed to debug C programs distributed within a local area network. A graphics interface allows the user of a Sun workstation to manage process groups and monitor process interactions very conveniently. Bugnet gives information about interprocess communication, I/O events, and execution traces for each component process. It allows the user to detect an error visually, to roll global program state back to a time before the error, and to replay events almost exactly as they previously occurred. Current work on Bugnet is making the implementation easier to port, seeing if replay accuracy can be improved by minor adjustments in the Unix process scheduler, linking it with Unix dbx to control individual processes, and determining useful tools for filtering of long event strings and for detecting errors. The Bugnet project is testing how well existing multiprocess C programs can be debugged without special hardware features that make porting difficult. An initial version is running on a network of Suns. It currently reproduces real time execution sequences with an accuracy of 0.01 to 0.10 seconds.
Effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on demineralized bone‐induced bone formation

The inhibitory effect of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on bone resorption is well documented. To explore the effect of NSAIDs on bone formation, we investigated the time course and dose/response characteristics of treatment with various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on ectopic bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the rat model. Using biochemical assays, both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on bone formation were found in rats treated with NSAIDs prior to DBM implantation depending on the type and amount of drug administered. There appears to be an enhancement of bone formation for acetaminophen (50 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid (50 mg/kg), and ibuprofen (50 mg/kg). Indomethacin (4 mg/kg) and piroxicam (4 mg/kg) had inhibitory effects. Flurbiprofen, on the other hand, did not appear to affect bone formation significantly. In contrast, there was no effect of NSAIDs on bone formation in rats treated with the drugs after implantation of the DBM. It appears that the time course of the drug administration is critical, suggesting that early events in bone formation may be modulated by arachidonic acid metabolites.
The maximal ring of quotientf-ring

In this article it is shown that the maximal quotient ringQA of a commutative semiprimef-ringA can be obtained by the formation of the orthocompletion ofA, followed by that of the classical quotient ring; for archimedeanf-rings the order of these can be inverted. It is shown that ifC=C(X, Z), whereX is a zero-dimensional Hausdorff space, then the integral closure is the Dedekind-McNeille completion ofC. The paper closes with a number of observations and examples.
Anomalous losses from relativistic electron rings in decreasing toroidal fields

Anomalously enhanced fast‐electron losses are observed on relativistic E layers in the RECE‐Christa device when the applied toroidal magnetic field decreases to zero in times shorter than ring lifetime. These losses consistently occur in a certain region of the field‐reversal parameter and the ratio of applied toroidal to axial magnetic fields at the ring position. The critical parameter range is independent of the radial gradient of the applied mirror field, the background gas pressure, and the rate‐of‐decay of Bθ; however, it depends on the axial length of the rings, and there may be a threshold in dBθ/dt. The observed parameter dependence as well as the absence of any kink or tilt motions point to new orbital resonances as the cause of these losses.
How to enhance the well-being of healthcare service providers and their patients? A mindfulness proposal.

The notion of mindfulness is key to developing ideas that can address how healthcare service providers (e.g., clinicians) can effectively enhance their own well-being in the workplace, and by doing so, increase the well-being of their patients. The seminal definition of mindfulness is “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally” (Kabat-Zinn, 1994, p. 4). Linehan (1993) argued that mindfulness involves six skills: three skills involve what the person is doing (observing, describing, and participating) and three skills relate to how the person is doing (non-judgmentally, focused attention, and performance quality). Another way to illustrate mindfulness is to make reference to its opposite: lack of awareness about current experience and a preoccupation with the past (rumination) or the future (worry). Therefore, mindfulness is both a skill and a way of being that can be cultivated through mindful meditation practices—formal practices such as sitting meditation or yoga, and informal practices such as eating, walking, and driving meditation.
Hyperspectral imaging of coastal regions from the ISS

The Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Oceans (HICO) sensor system, integrated in the International Space Station (ISS) Window Observational Research Facility (WORF), will collect visible and short-wave infrared hyperspectral data that will provide the following characterization of coastal regions: - Determine water clarity and visibility, shallow water bathymetry, and bottom type composition. - Detect underwater obstructions and characterize beaches and coastal areas. - Research global properties of coral reefs, the maritime atmosphere and determine global distribution of fires and active volcanoes in the context of mitigating natural hazards. It will achieve these objectives by collecting hyperspectral imaging data for over 70% of the Earth's surface, the portion flown over by ISS, at a spatial resolution of 25 meters. The desired data will be obtained using the Naval Research Lab (NRL) Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low Light Spectroscopy (PHILLS-3) sensor with a pointing and stabilization system and then later integrating it with a short-wave infrared hyperspectral imager.
Omega 3 fatty acids and the brain: implications for nursing practice

This article synthesises the current literature regarding the effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3 PUFAs) in various neurological disorders and suggests implications for nursing practice. Omega 3 PUFAs are essential fatty acids and are crucial in cell functioning. Docosahexaenoic acid is a particularly important omega 3 PUFA that modulates the lipid bilayer of neuronal cell membranes, reduces inflammation and synthesises neuroprotectin D1, which has anti-apoptotic properties (preventing cell death). Omega 3 PUFAs are reported to have neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's disease, ischaemia, epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Because humans are not able to synthesise omega 3 PUFAs, the body's supply comes from consumption. Nursing practice should include assessment for risks of neurological disorders as well as education regarding omega 3 PUFA intake. Knowledge of omega 3 PUFAs allows the nurse to educate patients thoroughly and accurately regarding the importance...
A thermodynamic analysis of fuel vapor characteristics in an aircraft fuel tank ullage

As a prerequisite to a comprehensive analysis of aircraft fuel tank fire and explosion hazards, a vapor-liquid equilibrium thermodynamic analysis was developed to assess the fuel vapor behavior in an aircraft fuel tank ullage. The analysis was based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state and the extended corresponding-states method. Jet-A fuel was treated as a pseudo-single-component fluid and as a binary mixture. The calculated fuel/air mass ratios from the binary-mixture model followed the trend observed in previous measurements more closely than those from the pseudo-single-component model. The calculated results also demonstrated that for a given amount of fuel, increasing the tank temperature could potentially cause an initially non-flammable fuel/air vapor in the ullage to become flammable.
Error Effects On The Processing Of Adaptive Array Data Using The BOC

The Bimodal Optical Computer (BOC) is considered for Adaptive Phased Array Radar (APAR) data processing. The effect of the errors in the BOC on the optimum weight calculations for the interference canceling are studied. Computer simulations for five and nine element APARs are presented.
Transforming Growth Factor- β-induced Cell Growth Inhibition in Human Breast Cancer Cells Is Mediated through Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 Action

Most estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells, including Hs578T cells, express mRNAs encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptors. Our previous studies (Oh, Y., Muller, H. L., Lamson, G., and Rosenfeld, R. G. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 14964-14971; Oh, Y., Muller, H. L., Pham, H. M., and Rosenfeld, R. G. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26045-26048) have demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect of exogenous IGFBP-3 on Hs578T cell growth and existence of IGFBP-3-specific receptors that may mediate those direct inhibitory effect of IGFBP-3. TGF-beta is also a potent growth inhibitor in human breast cancer cells in vitro and regulates IGFBP-3 production in different cell systems, suggesting that IGFBP-3 is a major anti-proliferative factor and a key element for TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells. In support of this hypothesis, we have demonstrated using Hs578T cells that: 1) TGF-beta stimulates IGFBP-3 gene expression and production prior to its inhibition of cell growth, 2) treatment with an IGFBP-3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide selectively inhibits TGF-beta-induced IGFBP-3 synthesis and cell growth inhibition, and 3) treatment with IGF-II and IGF-II analogs diminish TGF-beta effects by blocking TGF-beta-induced binding of IGFBP-3 to the cell surface. These findings suggest that IGFBP-3 is a major anti-proliferative factor and a key element in TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.
Phenalenone pigments of the flowers of Lachnanthes tinctoria

Abstract Two new pigments have been isolated from flowers of Lachnanthes tinctoria . N -(1-carboxy-2-methylbutyl)-lachnanthopyridone is an oxygenated 9-ph
Relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with a rapidly enlarging and vision-threatening orbital mass

This case report describes a patient with known acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting with a rapidly enlarging and vision-threatening orbital mass. Orbital disease is rare in patients with ALL, and to our knowledge only six cases have been previously described, five of which are in children. We describe a 36-year-old Caucasian female with known acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed markedly decreased visual acuity, proptosis, and elevated intraocular pressure over the course of 12 h. She was treated with emergent surgical intervention followed by intrathecal chemotherapy and intravenous steroids. Following medical and surgical intervention, the patient demonstrated rapid resolution of symptoms and a return to baseline visual acuity. The initial presentation of acute onset proptosis with optic nerve compromise can be suggestive of infectious etiologies, however, this case suggests caution in evaluation of patients with known systemic malignancy, particularly ALL, as early intervention with systemic steroids and surgery may result in return of visual function.
The effect of diabetic medications on creatine kinase-myocardial band levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery

Ischemic preconditioning has been shown to attenuate the rise in creatine kinase-myocardial band levels that occur with coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Recently, concerns have been raised that some sulfonylureas particularly glibenclamide may block ischemic preconditioning. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various diabetic medicines on creatine kinase-myocardial band levels after CABG. In this retrospective study of 799 patients undergoing CABG, patients continued their routine diabetic medicines up to the day of surgery. Intra-operatively and postoperatively, tight glycemic control was maintained with an insulin infusion. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane supplemented by fentanyl. Creatine kinase-myocardial band levels were determined the day after surgery at 05:00 h and the mean levels compared between diabetics and non-diabetics and further compared by type of diabetic medicine. After univariable comparisons, linear regression was used to determine the statistically significant predictors of creatine kinase-myocardial band levels. After correction for other factors, none of the diabetic medicines was a statistically significant predictor of creatine kinase-myocardial band levels. We found that the use of glibenclamide or other diabetic medications had no effect on creatine kinase-myocardial band levels the morning after patients underwent CABG.
Ca2+-mobilizing hormones elicit phosphatidylethanol accumulation via phospholipase D activation.

Vasopressin, angiotensin II and epinephrine elicited the accumulation of phosphatidylethanol in rat hepatocytes exposed to ethanol and of phosphatidate in the absence of ethanol. When isolated liver plasma membranes were exposed to ethanol, GTPγS stimulated the production of phosphatidylethanol whereas phosphatidate was formed in the absence of ethanol. With increasing ethanol concentrations, phosphatidate formation declined whereas phosphatidylethanol production increased. These findings suggest that rat hepatocytes possess a hormone-dependent phospholipase D activity that can also catalyse the formation of phosphatidylethanol.
A distribution function approach to point target resolution

Abstract An algorithm based on distribution function properties, and called the DF algorithm, has been developed for signal detection and classification. The capability of this algorithm to detect very small shape differences between two signals is demonstrated. The DF algorithm is applied to a simulation od the measurement of the distance between two closely spaced point targets seen by a radar system. It is shown that the DF algorithm has less normalized root-mean-square (rms) error in measuring the normalized distance between the targets than the error obtained by the conventional threshold and moment algorithms. The percentage improvement in the performance achieved by the DF algorithm over the other algorithms is computed and seen to be significantly higher for a relevant range of target separations and input signal-to-noise ratios. It is felt that this work also has application to other interesting areas, e.g., frequency estimation of overlapped formants for speech recognition.
Weight and width relationship of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

It has been shown that there is no significant difference (P < 0·05) in the weight = f (width) and orbit length = f (width) relationships of commercially produced male and female Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Hawaii. A regression equation of the form Ŷ = (A ∗ X ∗∗ B) ∗ ϵ has been shown to adequately describe the above relationships. In particular Weight = 0·01278 ∗ (width) ∗∗ 2·5189, R ∗∗ 2 = 0·978 Orbit length = 0·1828 ∗ (width) ∗∗ 0·77685, R ∗∗ 2 = 0.996 This relationship allows the development of a simple mechanical prawn size sorter.
The history of capitalism in Mexico : its origins, 1521-1763

Preface to the English Edition Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The Forces of Production 2. Tributary Despotism 3. Empire and the International Market 4. The Republica de los Espanoles (Structure) 5. The Republica de los Espanoles (Labor) 6. The Dynamics of the System Notes Bibliography Index
Polymorphisms in the human CC chemokine receptor-3 gene.

Abstract CC chemokine receptor (CCR)-3 is a seven-transmembrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells in allergic responses and acts as a co-receptor for entry of HIV into cells. Selected polymorphisms in GPCRs have been shown to have dramatic effects on the manifestation and/or susceptibility to a variety of diseases. In this report, we tested whether the human CCR-3 gene locus is genetically polymorphic. Using single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis of genomic DNA, the CCR-3 gene is shown to contain four nucleotide polymorphisms with allele frequencies ranging from 0.005 to 0.13. Two polymorphisms encode for an amino acid change. One of these polymorphisms encodes for a non-conservative change of arginine to glutamine at position 275 of the third extracellular loop. Stratification of the DNA samples into a population with asthma suggested no change in this allele’s frequency. Another polymorphism encodes for a leucine to proline substitution in the intracellular cytoplasmic tail of CCR-3. The most frequent polymorphism, T51C, occurs in 26% of individuals and encodes for a silent substitution. Thus, CCR-3 contains several genetic variations which may have consequences in disease processes that involve this receptor.
Separating how near a static contact line: Slip at a wall and shape of a free surface

The effects of replacing the usual no-slip boundary condition by a slip-coefficient boundary condition on solid walls are determined by means of Galerkin finite element solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation system for steady two-dimensional discharge of liquid from a sharp-edged slot—the “die-swell” flow, in which menisci separate from contact lines on the die edges. A velocity-pressure formulation is used with a mixed interpolation basis of quadratic serendipity elements far velocity and bilinear functions for pressure. Alternate formulations of the free meniscus computation are examined; iteration on the normal stress condition proves superior except when surface tension is low. Even if slip is possible, the no-slip boundary condition proves accurate for Newtonian die-swell flow, provided the slip coefficient β is less than 10−3, bμ (μ viscosity; b, the channel half-width). Slip at the solid wall alleviates the apparent stress singularity at the exit. When β ⩾ 10−3, bμ, slip reduces die swell even of Newtonian liquid; local slip near the contact line is sufficient. Raising the Reynolds number decreases the upstream influence at the exit on the velocity profile and reduces die swell. Surface tension straightens the free meniscus profile and thus reduces die swell. Profile straightening is compounded by actions of surface tension and slip together.
Theoretical study of the four lowest doublet electronic states of the hydroperoxyl radical - Application to photodissociation

Potential‐energy curves have been calculated for the four lowest doublet states of the hydroperoxyl radical as a function of the H–O–O bond angle and the oxygen–oxygen and oxygen–hydrogen bond lengths. A polarized double‐zeta basis of Cartesian–Gaussian functions was used. An extensive configuration–interaction treatment and subsequent extrapolation procedure was used to obtain a uniform description of the four electronic states over a wide range of nuclear geometries. The calculated equilibrium oxygen–oxygen bond lenths for the ground state, (1) 2A″, and the low‐lying (1) 2A′ excited state are in excellent agreement with the values determined from absorption spectra in the near infrared. An analysis of the shapes of the potential curves for the (2) 2A″ and (2) 2A′ states, as a function of the oxygen–oxygen and oxygen–hydrogen bond lengths, indicates that OH and atomic oxygen should be the predominant photodissociation products. Calculated dipole moments are reported for each state. These results indi...
Detection with the polymerase chain reaction of human papillomavirus DNA in condylomata acuminata treated in vitro with liquid nitrogen, trichloroacetic acid, and podophyllin.

Background: The mechanisms of action for local treatments used against condylomata acuminata are unknown, but most are believed to cause physical destruction of infected tissue. Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether liquid nitrogen, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and podophyllin damage HPV DNA found in condylomata acuminata. Methods: Fourteen genital warts were excised from 14 patients and divided. One part was treated with liquid nitrogen, the second and third parts were treated with TCA and podophyllin, respectively, and the remainder served as a control. DNA was then extracted from tissue by proteolytic digestion and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Dot blots were performed with the use of radiolabeled consensus and HPV type-specific probes. Results: HPV DNA was amplified and detected in 100% of untreated specimens, in 92% of specimens treated with liquid nitrogen, and in 15% and 7% of specimens treated with podophyllin and TCA, respectively. Conclusion: TCA and podophyllin damage HPV DNA more effectively than does liquid nitrogen.
Chromosome 4q25 variants are genetic modifiers of rare ion channel mutations associated with familial atrial fibrillation.

Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that 2 common polymorphisms in the chromosome 4q25 region that have been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) contribute to the variable penetrance of familial AF. Background Although mutations in ion channels, gap junction proteins, and signaling molecules have been described for Mendelian forms of AF, penetrance is highly variable. Recent studies have consistently identified 2 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the chromosome 4q25 region as independent AF susceptibility alleles. Methods Eleven families in which AF was present in ≥2 members who also shared a candidate gene mutation were studied. These mutations were identified in all subjects with familial lone AF (n = 33) as well as apparently unaffected family members (age >50 years with no AF; n = 17). Results Mutations were identified in SCN5A (n = 6), NPPA (n = 2), KCNQ1 (n = 1), KCNA5 (n = 1), and NKX2.5 (n = 1). In genetic association analyses, unstratified and stratified according to age of onset of AF and unaffected age >50 years, there was a highly statistically significant association between the presence of both common (rs2200733 and rs10033464) and rare variants and AF (unstratified p = 1 × 10−8, stratified [age of onset 50 years] p = 7.6 × 10−5) (unstratified p 50 years] p Conclusions Common AF-associated 4q25 polymorphisms modify the clinical expression of latent cardiac ion channel and signaling molecule gene mutations associated with familial AF. These findings support the idea that the genetic architecture of AF is complex and includes both rare and common genetic variants.
Fathers, Sons, and Aggression: A Path Model

This study developed and tested a path model that examined the purported relationships between college males’ perceptions of their fathers’ rejection and traditional masculine ideology endorsement, and their own self-reported aggression. The model included participants’ traditional masculine ideology endorsement, masculine gender role stress, self-esteem, shame-proneness, and anger as mediating variables. The results indicated that college-age males’ perceptions of their fathers as rejecting and hypermasculine predicted aggression in the final path model. There was also support for the mediating roles of the son’s traditional masculine ideology endorsement, masculine gender role stress, self-esteem, and anger. It is concluded that fathers could play an integral role in the development of male aggressive behavior. Implications and future research are discussed.
Vocal Tremor and Vibrato in the Same Person: Acoustic and Electromyographic Differences

Summary The goal of this case study was to measure and describe differences between vocal vibrato and essential tremor of the voice in one individual who exhibited both types of modulation. Recordings of spoken and sung vowels produced by the same individual at three effort levels were examined via analysis of acoustic and laryngeal electromyographic (LEMG) signals. Modulation rate, periodicity, and spectral measures of both audio and muscle activation signals revealed generally slower, more prominent, and more regular patterns in sung than in spoken conditions. There was not always a clear correspondence between LEMG and acoustic measures, but both showed differences between the vibrato and tremor of this individual, suggesting differences in the neural bases of these modulations.
Primary dispersed cell cultures of female rat hypothalamus in the early postnatal period

Abstract Rat hypothalami from newborn and fifteen day old donors were dispersed by a combination of trypsin treatment and mechanical disaggregation and cultured for up to two weeks in serum-containing or defined media on substrata coated with extracellular matrix or polylysine. Cultures were examined by phase-contrast microscopy and immunocytochemical analysis for cell-specific antigens including: fibronectin, Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase and neurophyin. Using this approach, we observed that extensive process outgrowth observed by phase-contrast microscopy is not an adequate criterion for the presence of neurons in dispersed cell cultures of postnatal rat hypothalamus, since virtually all the cell types identified responded to the in vitro environment by process extension. In addition, we observed that postnatal hypothalamic cells can survive dispersion to exhibit a progressive expression of neuron-specific antigens over a two week culture period, and that there are probably optimal intervals in vitro for maximal expression of neuronal characteristics.
ENCODING DIGITAL INFORMATION USING TRANSIENT CHAOS

Recent work has demonstrated that symbolic representations of controlled chaotic orbits can be utilized for encoding digital information. So far, this idea has been demonstrated using systems exhibiting sustained chaotic motion on chaotic attractors. The purpose of this work is to explore digital encoding by using transient chaos naturally arising in nonlinear systems. Dynamically, transient chaos is caused by nonattracting chaotic saddles. We argue that there are two major advantages when trajectories on chaotic saddles are exploited as information source: (1) the channel capacity can in general be large, and (2) the influence of channel noise can be reduced. We present a control scheme and also a practical example of encoding a digital message.
Increased GABAergic function in mouse models of Huntington's disease: reversal by BDNF

Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by loss of striatal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic medium-sized spiny projection neurons (MSSNs), whereas some classes of striatal interneurons are relatively spared. Striatal interneurons provide most of the inhibitory synaptic input to MSSNs and use GABA as their neurotransmitter. We reported previously alterations in glutamatergic synaptic activity in the R6/2 and R6/1 mouse models of HD. In the present study, we used whole-cell voltage clamp recordings to examine GABAergic synaptic currents in MSSNs from striatal slices in these two mouse models compared to those in age-matched control littermates. The frequency of spontaneous GABAergic synaptic currents was increased significantly in MSSNs from R6/2 transgenics starting around 5-7 weeks (when the overt behavioral phenotype begins) and continuing in 9-14-week-old mice. A similar increase was observed in 12-15-month-old R6/1 transgenics. Bath application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is downregulated in HD, significantly reduced the frequency of spontaneous GABAergic synaptic currents in MSSNs from R6/2 but not control mice at 9-14 weeks. Increased GABA current densities also occurred in acutely isolated MSSNs from R6/2 animals. Immunofluorescence demonstrated increased expression of the ubiquitous alpha1 subunit of GABA(A) receptors in MSSNs from R6/2 animals. These results indicate that increases in spontaneous GABAergic synaptic currents and postsynaptic receptor function occur in parallel to progressive decreases in glutamatergic inputs to MSSNs. In conjunction, both changes will severely alter striatal outputs to target areas involved in the control of movement.
EHD-ENHANCED DRYING WITH WIRE ELECTRODE

ABSTRACT The enhancement of drying rate by electrostatic field (corona wind) has been experimentally evaluated in this study. The samples used are 3 mm and 6 mm glass beads saturated with water. Two sets of experiments were conducted, with and without cross-flow, at 1 kV increment from the corona threshold voltage until the occurrence of sparkover. For each case a companion experiment was carried out simultaneously under the same ambient conditions but without the application of electric field. The result of which is used as a basis in the evaluation of drying enhancement using electric field (with or without cross-flow). Each experiment lasted for at least 5 h. The weight loss of water as well as the ambient temperature and humidity were measured. For EHD drying without cross-flow, the enhancement in drying rate increases with the applied voltage. With the presence of cross-flow, the enhancement in drying rate is nearly independent of the applied voltage and is close to the result obtained by drying with...
A fast algorithm for evaluation of normalized Hermite functions

An algorithm for computing the normalized Hermite Functions, h n (x) in floating point arithmetic is presented. The algorithm is based on an efficient numerical evaluation of certain closed contour integrals in the complex plane. For large degree n, the algorithm is significantly faster than the O(n) complexity of the well known three term recurrence relation. Comparable accuracy is achieved in no more than $O(\sqrt{n})$ operations, and for arguments bounded away from $\pm \sqrt {2n}$ , only $O(\sqrt{\ln{n}})$ operations.
Synthesis and characterization of mono- and bimetallic complexes with phosphine–salicylaldimine ligands. The X-ray crystal structure of trans-PdCl2{Ph2P(CH2)3NCHC6H4-o-OH}2

Complexes of the type M{Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) n NCHC 6 H 4 - o -OH} 2 ( n =3, 4 and M= cis - and trans -PdCl 2 , cis -PtCl 2 , cis , cis , trans -RuCl 2 (CO) 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of the ligands with the appropriate metal precursors. All of the complexes are obtained in high yields, and, in all of the complexes, the ligands are coordinated solely through the phosphorus. Attempts to form bimetallic complexes by reaction of these complexes with either nickel acetate or diethylzinc give incomplete reactions and mixtures of products. A bimetallic Pd(II)–Ni(II) complex has been obtained by the reaction of {Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) 4 NCHC 6 H 4 - o -O} 2 Ni and Pd(cod)Cl 2 . Crystals of this complex are yellow–brown but yield a green powder when ground. NMR spectra of the complex suggest that it is monomeric in solution. The X-ray crystal structure of trans -PdCl 2 {Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) 3 NCHC 6 H 4 - o -OH} 2 has been determined. The coordination geometry of the Pd is a nearly perfect, trans square plane containing two phosphines and two chlorides. The Pd–Cl bonds are nearly parallel to the P–CH 2 bond, and the salicylaldimine groups lie on opposite sides of the plane formed by Pd, P and Cl.
Short-term molecular polarization of cells on symmetric and asymmetric micropatterns.

The ability of cells to sense geometrical/physical constraints of the local environment is important for cell movements during development, immune surveillance, and in cancer invasion. In this paper, we quantify “front-rear” polarization—the crucial step in initiating cell migration—based on the cytoskeleton and substrate adhesion anisotropy in micropatterned cells of well-defined shapes. We then show that the general viewpoint that asymmetric cell shape is one of the defining characteristics of polarized cells is incomplete. Specifically, we demonstrate that cells on circular micropatterned islands can exhibit asymmetric distribution of both filamentous actin (f-actin) and focal adhesions (FAs) as well as directional, lamellipodial-like ruffling activity. This asymmetry, however, is transient and persists only for the period of several hours during which actin filaments and adhesion structures reorganize into a symmetric peripheral arrangement. Cells on asymmetric tear-drop shape islands also display polarized f-actin and FAs, but the polarization axes are oriented towards the wide end of the islands. Polarization of actin filaments on tear-drop islands is short-term, while focal adhesions remain asymmetrically distributed for longer times. From a practical perspective, circular cells constitute a convenient experimental system, in which phenomena related to cell polarization are “decoupled” from the effects of the cell’s local curvature (constant along the circular cell's perimeter), while asymmetric (tear-drop) micropatterned cells standardize the organization of the motility machinery of polarized/moving cells. Both systems may prove useful for the design of diagnostic tools with which to probe and quantify ex vivo the motility/invasiveness status of cells from cancer patients.
Compact sets in non-metrizable product spaces

Abstract Denote by s the countable infinite topological product of real lines. A result of Anderson and Klee states that whenever C is a compact subset of s , then s ⧹ C is homeomorphic with s . In this note we show that, for products of more than countably many real lines the situation is completely different; in fact we have the following result: Let C 1 and C 2 be compact subsets of an uncountable product P of real lines. Then P ⧹ C 1 is homeomorphic with P ⧹ C 2 if and only if C 1 is homeomorphic with C 2 . Furthermore, there exist two closed countable discrete subsets S 1 and S 2 of P such that P ⧹ S 1 is not homeomorphic with P ⧹ S 2 .
Effects of growth rate variations on carrier lifetime and interface structure in InAs/GaSb superlattices

Abstract InAs/GaSb superlattice samples have been grown with variations in interface design and growth rates of InAs and GaSb. Time resolved photoluminescence measurements show no decrease in Shockley–Read–Hall carrier lifetime for samples with rougher interfaces and a rise and then decrease in lifetimes with increasing growth rate. Interface growth sequences that tend to increase the effective growth rate of the superlattice result in longer lifetimes. The peak lifetime of 82 ns occurs at a growth rate of 0.5 ml/s for both InAs and GaSb. Growth rates from 0.2 to 0.8 ml/s show similar lifetimes, while those at faster growth rates show reduced lifetimes. Transmission electron microscopy and high resolution x-ray diffraction measurements show no variation in superlattice structural quality as a function of InAs and GaSb growth rates. Comparison of photoluminescence results with GaInAsSb quaternary structures suggests that changes in lifetime are not due to changes in superlattice structure, but result from point defects in the layers.
Characterization of a 512x512-pixel 8-output full-frame CCD for high-speed imaging

The characterization of a 512 by 512 pixel, eight-output full frame CCD manufactured by English Electric Valve under part number CCD13 is discussed. This device is a high- resolution Silicon-based array designed for visible imaging applications at readout periods as low as two milliseconds. The characterization of the device includes mean-variance analysis to determine read noise and dynamic range, as well as charge transfer efficiency, MTF, and quantum efficiency measurements. Dark current and non-uniformity issues on a pixel-to-pixel basis and between individual outputs are also examined. The characterization of the device is restricted by hardware limitations to a one MHz pixel rate, corresponding to a 40 ms readout time. However, subsections of the device have been operated at up to an equivalent 100 frames per second. To maximize the frame rate, the CCD is illuminated by a synchronized strobe flash in between frame readouts. The effects of the strobe illumination on the imagery obtained from the device is discussed.
Laser-assisted endoscopic stapedectomy: a prospective study.

Objective To improve the techniques required to perform a stapedotomy without prosthesis (stapedioplasty). Study Design New infrared lasers were evaluated for potential use in otological surgery in guinea pigs. A prospective human trial of 34 primary stapes operations using the Argon ion laser was performed, with 11 stapedioplasties and 23 conventional stapedotomies as controls. Methods Laser-tissue interactions were evaluated for temporal bone and live guinea pig tissues, measuring crater histology and labyrinthine temperature elevations. Patients undergoing stapedioplasty had Argon ion laser cuts with endoscopic assistance made in the anterior crus and footplate to mobilize the posterior segment of the stapes while the anterior portion remained fixed. Results Diode laser (808-nm) vaporization craters and temperature elevations in the vestibule were suitable for clinical use. Overall, stapedioplasty patients' hearing was improved with air-bone gap closure to a mean of 8.3 dB (SD ± 9.8 dB). Conclusions Patients with anterior footplate otosclerosis are candidates for stapedioplasty preserving the annular ring and stapes tendon and eliminating prosthesis complications. High-resolution small endoscopes, coupled with Argon ion or diode lasers promise to improve stapes visualization, enhancing the ability to perform minimally invasive surgery on the stapes footplate.
Relationship of Reference Group to Perception of Humor

Psychosocial importance of humor in reduction of anxiety and communication was developed, with specific consideration of group influence on perception of humor. Subjects were 15 black females, 20 w...
Morphogenetic movements and a provisional fate map of development in the holostean fish Amia calva

Cell-marking experiments using the vital dye Nile blue sulfate have shown that in embryos of the holostean fish Amia calva the first cleavage plane is normally the plane of bilateral symmetry, that no significant “in-turning” of presumptive mesoderm occurs at the germ ring or terminal node, and that cells destined for the heart, head mesoderm, and foregut derivatives (adhesive organs and pharynx) are located near the animal pole already in late cleavage stages, rather than brought there by morphogenetic movements. As in teleosts, cells destined for the central nervous system (CNS), the first few somites, and also the kidneys and their longitudinal ducts are put in place directly by convergence of subsurface cells from less than the dorsal half of the blastoderm through the embryonic shield. While this is being completed the rest of the somite mesoderm is delivered to the body axis by convergence along the germ ring, which it has reached by earlier obliquely epibolic movements of internal cells. The outermost epithelium of the embryo moves chiefly by epibolic stretching and does not contribute significantly to any internal organ. Dye marks placed upon external cells of the rim of the germ ring or the terminal node remain there throughout epiboly, and those placed anterior to either the rim or the node fail to reach these. When dye carriers are placed upon the outer epithelium their dye is not only held within its cells, but by diffusion it is also brought to deeper cells that are destined for mesodermal and nervous structures. The convergent movements of these deeper cells tend to disengage them from the stained epithelium that originally covered them. The hindgut is apparently formed by the posterior hypoblast, a few cells of which may from time to time be seen from the outside of the embryo, protruding beyond some sector or other of the germ ring epiblast. The trunk-tail bud is assembled as in teleosts by extension of the CNS, the notochord, the hindgut, and the primitive kidney ducts from the embryonic shield and also by the convergence of internal cells along the germ ring and from the mesodermal areola that is left by its closure. Rough charts of the morphogenetic movements before the major phase of differentiation and a first approximation of a fate map for Amia are presented. There is a discussion of the similarities and differences of these in comparison with those of teleosts and amphibia.