cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Different loci associated with root and foliar resistance to sudden death syndrome (Fusarium virguliforme) in soybean

Different loci associated with root resistance to F. virguliforme colonization and foliar resistance to phytotoxin damage in soybean. Use of resistant cultivars is the most efficacious approach to manage soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme. The objectives of this study were to (1) map the loci associated with root and foliar resistance to F. virguliforme infection and (2) decipher the relationships between root infection, foliar damage, and plot yield. A mapping population consisting of 153 F4-derived recombinant inbred lines from the cross U01-390489 × E07080 was genotyped by SoySNP6 K BeadChip assay. Both foliar damage and F. virguliforme colonization in roots were investigated in the field, and a weak positive correlation was identified between them. Foliar damage had a stronger negative correlation with plot yield than F. virguliforme colonization. Twelve loci associated with foliar damage were identified, and four of them were associated with multiple traits across environments. In contrast, only one locus associated with root resistance to F. virguliforme colonization was identified and mapped on Chromosome 18. It colocalized with the locus associated with foliar damage in the same environment. The locus on Chromosome 6, qSDS6-2, and the locus on Chromosome 18, qSDS18-1, were associated with resistance to SDS phytotoxins and resistance to F. virguliforme colonization of roots, respectively. Both loci affected plot yield. Foliar damage-related traits, especially disease index, are valuable indicators for SDS resistance breeding because of consistency of the identified loci and their stronger correlation with plot yield. The information provided by this study will facilitate marker-assisted selection to improve SDS resistance in soybean.
Characterization and comparison of oxidative potential of real-world biodiesel and petroleum diesel particulate matter emitted from a nonroad heavy duty diesel engine.

Abstract Little is known regarding the oxidative potential of biodiesel particulate matter (PM) relative to diesel PM emitted from heavy duty diesel (HDD) nonroad engines generated in real-world occupational settings. The composition of biodiesel and diesel PM can include transition metals, polar, and nonpolar organic species which can increase oxidative potential via production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevated ROS can lead to oxidative stress and induce antioxidant defense, inflammation, and toxicity. This study characterized the chemical composition of PM (water soluble organic carbon and elemental metals) collected in a real-world occupational setting. ROS production in a human epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) treated with biodiesel and diesel PM extracts was compared to oxidative potential measured by an acellular dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The oxidative potential (DTT consumption rate) of diesel PM was 21% greater than biodiesel PM at the highest treatment concentration (60 μg/mL), yet the ROS generated in vitro were similar between fuel types. Average concentrations of Cu, Cr and Zn were higher in diesel PM compared to biodiesel PM. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between DTT consumption and Cu in diesel PM (r = 0.98), but not B20 PM. There was a strong correlation between WSOC content in diesel PM and ROS generated in vitro (r = 0.83), but no correlation between WSOC content in biodiesel PM and ROS. Taken together, the results indicate the influence of fuel type on the chemical composition and oxidative potential of PM generated by a nonroad HDD engine operated at a recycling center. While acknowledging the potential influence of other species of interest not measured (i.e., quinones), real-world petroleum diesel PM emissions had higher oxidative potential compared to biodiesel PM suggesting that biodiesel use may reduce risk to human health.
Probabilistic reachability query in evolving spatiotemporal contact networks of moving objects

With the rapid development of location sensors, it is now possible to study how various items (such as viruses and messages) spread across populations of moving objects at scale. In such applications, two objects are considered in-contact while they are sufficiently close to each other. Such a dynamic network of objects, so-called a "contact network". In this paper, we define and study probabilistic reachability queries in uncertain contact networks, where contacts between objects are probabilistic. A probabilistic reachability query verifies whether two objects are "reachable" with a probability no less than a threshold η. We introduce Optimized Spatiotemporal Tree Cover, an index structure that leverages the spatiotemporal properties of the contact network to enable efficient processing of the reachability queries on large uncertain contact networks. With an extensive study using both real and synthetic datasets, we demonstrate superiority of our proposed solution versus a baseline solution (i.e., Monte Carlo Sampling) and the only other existing solution for reachability queries on uncertain contact networks, with 350% and 150% improvement in query processing time on average, respectively.
Toward a Theory of Organizational Authenticity from a Stakeholder Perspective

The goal of this paper is to provoke a theoretical consideration of authenticity at the organizational level. Building on the theoretical scaffolding of identity and sensemaking literatures, I intr...
Toxicities of insecticide residues on loblolly pine foliage to leaffooted pine seed bug adults (Heteroptera: Coreidae).

Fourteen commercial and four experimental formulations of insecticides, when applied to loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., foliage in a simulated high volume spray, varied in their residual contact toxicities to adult leaffooted pine seed bugs, Leptoglossus corculus (Say). Deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate (EC), the most toxic insecticide tested, was 7 times as toxic to adult females as the standard, azinphosmethyl EC. Azinphosmethyl wettable powder (WP) was slightly more toxic to females than the EC at LC90; all other insecticides were less toxic than azinphosmethyl EC to females (half or less). Azinphosmethyl EC, deltamethrin EC, permethrin (Pounce) EC, and phosmet WP were equally toxic to both sexes, while permethrin (Ambush) EC and fenvalerate EC were both more toxic to males than females. Azinphosmethyl WP was more toxic to females than males. Several of the insecticides, including propoxur WP, malathion EC and chlorpyrifos EC, had relatively low residual contact toxicities but were very toxic to see...
Introduction: 2008 state of the science lectures.

From its inception and through to the present day, progress in all areas of behavior analysis has been fueled by advances in basic science. With the successful application of behavioral principles to an ever-widening array of practical problems, however, the science behind the application is sometimes overlooked. To underscore the vital importance of science to our discipline, a special track of the 2008 annual convention of the Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI) was created to highlight and amplify the good science that has and continues to infuse the various branches of behavior analysis. The keynote event in this track was a session that brought together luminaries in the field to give state of the science lectures—presentations that traced the development of key ideas and concepts in a specific area of research and theory. Each of the speakers graciously agreed to prepare a manuscript based on his ABAI lecture. The result is the following series of papers. The authors have each made pioneering and enduring contributions to our science; at the same time, each remains active and well positioned to comment on key developments for the future. Edmund Fantino's paper traces the concept of conditioned reinforcement from its early days as a mediating or bridging stimulus through to more contemporary accounts based on temporal context and reinforcement value. As Fantino's stimulating paper shows, conditioned reinforcement is a ubiquitous phenomenon and remains a fundamental concept in the analysis of behavior. Tony Nevin's paper addresses the problem of privacy, a much-discussed but poorly understood phenomenon, in light of contemporary research and theory in conditional stimulus control. Bringing sophisticated quantitative techniques to bear on the problem, Nevin illustrates how private events can be brought within reach of an experimental analysis. Murray Sidman's paper reflects on the broad topic of stimulus control, identifying conceptual threads running through the literature. Sidman's astute observations regarding behavioral units and the fundamental importance of class and relational concepts show how behavior-analytic principles apply to an ever-widening array of complex phenomena. Travis Thompson's paper outlines a behavioral account of self-awareness that combines a sophisticated analysis of verbal behavior with contemporary work in behavioral neuroscience. The paper touches on an impressive range of topics, from brain imaging to skills deficits in children with autism, and serves to illustrate some ways in which behavior analysis may contribute to cutting-edge interdisciplinary science. Together, the papers reflect well on the current state of our science, providing interesting perspectives on the historical roots, as well as the future directions, of important scientific problems.
An acoustic-perceptual study of modern Hebrew ’alef and ’ayin

Abstract: In Modern Israeli Hebrew the phonemes /?/ and /؟/, which are both phonetic [?], are often absent in all positions in the worl. In some verb paradigms, [?] is the only mark for the feminine, and when lost, the masculine and feminine forms are homophonous. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine whether [?] was phonetically present in conversational Hebrew, and (2) to determine whether native speakers could tell when a form was masculine or feminine in the absence of [?]. In 11 out of 21 productions of feminine verb forms, [?] was completely absent. In five productions although there was no [?], a period of laryngealization was present, and in five productions [?] was present. The results of the perception test showed high listener agreement as to the gender of the verb. In most cases, absence of [?] resulted in judgments of “masculine”. There also appears to be a phonetic process in Hebrew: compensatory shortening of a consonant before [?], a process that sometimes applied even when [?] is absent. Thus, in some cases, even lack of [?] gave responses of “feminine” and where the preceding consonant was intermediate in length, random guessing resulted. A hypothesis is suggested that, in Hebrew, the perception of duration may be related to the manner of articulation of the consonant.
On random stable matchings: Cyclic ones with strict preferences and two-sided ones with partially ordered preferences

Abstract Consider a cyclically ordered collection of r equi-numerous “agent” sets with strict preferences of every agent over the agents from the next set. A weakly stable cyclic matching is a partition of the set of agents into disjoint union of r-long cycles, one agent from each set per cycle, such that there are no destabilizing r-long cycles, i.e. cycles in which every agent strictly prefers its successor to its successor in the matching. Assuming that the preferences are uniformly random and independent, we show that the expected number of stable matchings grows with n (cardinality of each agent set) as ( n log ⁡ n ) r − 1 . Next we consider a bipartite stable matching problem where preference list of each agent forms a partially ordered set. Each partial order is an intersection of several, k i for side i, independent, uniformly random, strict orders. For k 1 + k 2 > 2 , the expected number of stable matchings is analyzed for three, progressively stronger, notions of stability. The expected number of weakly stable matchings is shown to grow super-exponentially fast. In contrast, for min ⁡ ( k 1 , k 2 ) > 1 , the fraction of instances with at least one strongly stable (super-stable) matching is super-exponentially small.
Analysis of the county-level evaluation results after reaching the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders in Longyan city, Fujian province in 2009

Objective To understand the current situation of iodine deficient disorder(IDD) 10 years after achieving the stage goal of eliminating IDD in Longyan city and to evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment measures, and to provide the basis for the development of control strategies. Methods There were 7 counties in the city, and each county(city, district) was as a unit to carry out the inspection for organization and leadership,iodine salt management, monitoring and control, health education (referred to as the four management indicators)according to "The County-Level Assessment and Evaluation Implementation Detailed Rules of Realizing the Goal to Eliminate IDD in Fujian Province". According to the east, west, south, north and middle positions in each county,a village and a primary school were selected. Forty 8 to 10 year-old students in each school were randomly selected to check thyroid and among them 20 students were collected urine samples to determine urinary iodine. Nine townships were selected in the 7 counties of the city and among which 4 administrative villages were selected in each township. Eight edible salt samples from each household in each administrative village were collected to test salt iodine. Goiter was examined by palpation, the level of urinary iodine was examined by arsenic and cerium spectrophotometry, salt iodine was detected by direct titration. Results The average score of the four management indicators was 94.1 in Longyan city. The adjusted goiter rate of children aged 8 - 10 years old was 1.9%. The median of urinary iodine was 278.6 μg/L, among which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 4.57%(32/700), 100 -＜ 200 μg/L accounted for 24.00%(168/700), 200 - ＜ 300 μg/L accounted for 25.29%(177/700), and higher than 300 μg/L accounted for 46.14%(323/700). The using rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.86%. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.50%, the qualified rate of iodized salt was 99.35%, and the rate of non-iodized salt was 0.50%. All the indicators had reached the national standard to eliminate IDD. Conclusions After achieving the stage goal of eliminating IDD, the disease is stable and the effect of control measures are significantly. But the iodine provided has a trend of more than suitable. Therefore, it is reasonable to reduce the current salt iodine content. Key words: Iodine; Deficiency diseases; Salts; Urine
Genetic Variants Associated With Rotator Cuff Tearing Utilizing Multiple Population-Based Genetic Resources

Background The etiology of rotator cuff tearing is likely multifactorial, including a potential genetic predisposition. The purpose of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with rotator cuff tearing utilizing the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, confirm variants using a separate genetic database, and evaluate tissue expression of genes with associated variants following rotator cuff tearing using RNA sequencing. Methods Genome-wide association study (GWAS): A GWAS was performed using data from UKB with 5701 cases of rotator cuff injury. RNA sequencing analyses: rotator cuff biopsies were obtained from 24 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (cases) and 9 patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation for a proximal humerus fracture (controls). Total RNA was extracted and differential gene expression was measured by RNAseq for genes with variants associated with rotator cuff tearing. Results The results of the UKB GWAS identified 3 loci that reached genome-wide statistical significance: 2 loci on chromosome 7 in GLCCI1 (rs4725069; P = 5.0E–09) and THSD7A (rs575224171; P = 5.3E–09), and 1 locus on chromosome 2 in ZNF804A (rs775583810; P = 3.9E–09). The association with rotator cuff injury of the GLCCI1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs4725069) was confirmed in the Kaiser Permanente Research Bank cohort (P = .008). Twenty previously reported SNPs in 12 genes were evaluated using summary statistics from the UKB GWAS, which confirmed 3 SNPs in TNC with rotator cuff injury (rs1138545, rs72758637, and rs7021589; all P Conclusion The UKB GWAS has identified 3 novel loci associated with rotator cuff tearing (ZNF804A, GLCCI1, THSD7A). Expression of the THSD7A gene was significantly downregulated in rotator cuff tears vs. controls supporting a potential functional role. Three previously reported SNPs in the TNC gene were validated in the UKB GWAS, supporting a role for this gene in rotator cuff tearing. Finally, TIMP2, Col5A1, TGFBR1, and TNC genes were found to have significantly upregulated tissue expression in cases vs. controls supporting a biologic role in tearing for these genes.
A Self-Calibrating Remote Control Chemical Monitoring System

The Susie Mine, part of the Upper Tenmile Mining Area, is located in Rimini, MT about 15 miles southwest of Helena, MT. The Upper Tenmile Creek Mining Area is an EPA Superfund site with 70 abandoned hard rock mines and several residential yards prioritized for clean up. Water from the Susie mine flows into Tenmile Creek from which the city of Helena draws part of its water supply. MSE Technology Applications in Butte, Montana was contracted by the EPA to build a treatment system for the Susie mine effluent and demonstrate a system capable of treating mine waste water in remote locations. The Idaho National Lab was contracted to design, build and demonstrate a low maintenance self-calibrating monitoring system that would monitor multiple sample points, allow remote two-way communications with the control software and allow access to the collected data through a web site. The Automated Chemical Analysis Monitoring (ACAM) system was installed in December 2006. This thesis documents the overall design of the hardware, control software and website, the data collected while MSE-TA’s system was operational, the data collected after MSE-TA’s system was shut down and suggested improvements to the existing system.
Time Travel, Hovercrafts, and the Framers: James Madison Sees the Future and Rewrites the Fourth Amendment

The Framers wrote the Bill of Rights to limit the power of the federal government that they knew in 1789. But the “trip” from 1789 to the twenty-first century is a long one indeed. Because James Madison could not imagine helicopters, his Fourth Amendment provides no self-evident answer to the question of whether surveillance from a helicopter is a search. Nor does the text tell us whether recording the telephone numbers one dials is a search. The text does not even tell us when warrants are required. The article seeks to begin again by distilling principles that were important to the Framers and then rewriting the Fourth Amendment for the twenty-first century. For example, the Framers were principally concerned about suspicion-less searches conducted under the authority of the infamous writs of assistance. That suggests rejecting the modern Court’s doctrines that do not require individualized suspicion, such as consent searches. The rewritten Fourth Amendment is not as elegant as Madison’s but offers more guidance for twenty-first century policing.
Addressing intraarticular pathology at the time of anteverting periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular retroversion is associated with better short-term patient-reported outcomes.

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is effective in the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip and femoroacetabular impingement secondary to acetabular retroversion. During anteverting PAO for acetabular retroversion, the need for both labral treatment and femoral head-neck junction osteochondroplasty remains equivocal. Accordingly, this study evaluated patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) and reoperation rates after anteverting PAO with or without intraarticular intervention. Cases of anteverting PAO performed at a single institution between November 2009 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups: no intervention and intraarticular intervention with arthrotomy or arthroscopy. Subsequently, patients were reclassified by the intraarticular procedure performed at surgery into major (labral repair, femoral head-neck osteochondroplasty) and minor (labral debridement, femoral/acetabular chondroplasty) groups. The cohort was 75% female, median age was 19.5 years and mean body mass index was 25.0 kg/m2. Preoperative to postoperative improvement was compared to minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for eight PROM. Patients receiving major interventions exceeded MCID in a greater proportion of PROM compared to minor and no intervention groups (P < 0.007); major or minor interventions did not increase the risk of reoperation over no intervention (P ≥ 0.39). Based on the current data, surgeons performing anteverting PAO for acetabular retroversion should perform arthroscopic or open labral repair and assess for impingement after the correction and perform a head-neck junction osteochondroplasty if indicated.
Active learning in construction management education: faculty perceptions of engagement and learning

Research has shown that students within an applied professional education program, such as Construction Management (CM), often appreciate active learning. CM researchers have explored a variety of ...
Eulogy: Kyriacos D. Papailiou (1939–2021)

One of the longest serving members of the Board of Scientific Advisors of the journal Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering (IPSE) passed away recently.Kyriacos D. Papailiou, Professor Emerit...
Enraizamento de estacas de roseira imersas em extrato aquoso de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.)

Nos tuberculos de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) podem ser encontradas substâncias que aceleram o enraizamento de estacas, como no caso do hormonio AIB que funciona como um hormonio vegetal, que melhora a qualidade e a uniformidade de raizes. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentracoes de extrato de tiririca e de tempos de imersao na promocao do enraizamento de estacas de roseira. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x4 com oito repeticoes. Os tratamentos utilizados foram quatro tempos de embebicao das estacas (1, 3, 5 e 10 minutos) associados a quatro concentracoes de extrato de tuberculos de tiririca (10, 20, 30 e 40%). Havia tambem tratamentos com quatro concentracoes de acido indol-butirico AIB (1.000 mg.kg-1; 2.000 mg.kg-1; 3.000 mg.kg-1; 4.000 mg.kg-1) mais a testemunha. Apos 60 dias avaliou-se o numero de estacas enraizadas, numero de brotacoes, numero de folhas, comprimento medio da raiz e parte aerea e materia seca de raizes e parte aerea. A imercao em extrato de tuberculo de tiririca provocou um aumento no comprimento medio de raizes e producao de materia fresca e seca de raizes e folhas em estacas de roseira quando aplicadas nas concentracoes de 30 e 40% pelos periodos de 3 e 5 minutos, sendo os resultados obtidos similares aos da utilizacao do AIB.
AI urbanism: a design framework for governance, program, and platform cognition

Historically, the dynamic between philosophy of artificial intelligence and its practical application has been essential for the development of both, and thus the encounter between theory of AI and architectural/urban theory should be a site of considerable productivity. However, in many ways, it is not. This is due to two primary factors, one arising from each side of this encounter. First, legacies of overly-anthropomorphic models of AI permeate design discourses, where issues of how well AI can be constrained to social issues of philosophy of mind exclude more foundational and cross-cultural questions about artificial intelligence as material process in the physical world that could inform new philosophical insights. Concurrently, the mobilization of investment in “Smart Cities” discourses dominates the space of application of AI at urban scale in ways that prematurely fixes solutions in the skeuomorphic image of architectural and urban conventions. To break this impasse, we held a series of think-tanks, workshops, and design charettes that brought together leading figures in philosophy of artificial intelligence, urban design, and commercial AI platforms. The goal was to re-think from first principles how alternative philosophical models of AI as a distributed, discontinuous, landscape-scale technology in a direct encounter with the applications in contexts of ecological sensing, automation’s impact on urban form, and issues of algorithmic governance. The design brief for this research establishes a generative framework for conceiving how embedded machine sensing and intelligence is already changing urban form (but unrecognized) and could change it in the future (based on more appropriate design projections). The framework focuses on issues of urban zoning and architectural programming, data modeling and governance, platform cognition and design, and how these inform shifts in dynamics of public and private institutions.
Grape vs. Grain: Types of Beer

There is no reason why brewers couldn't play on the strengths of grain or hop variety in the styling of their products. At present, it is fairly tangential – for instance, a brewer may boast about his or her use of hops with a certain provenance, perhaps Tettnang or Hersbrucker in Germanic lagers or Fuggles in English ales. Surely, this could be done much more: The characters unique to an aroma hop are no less special or unique than those associated with a given grape varietal. So where a winemaker may compare Pinot Noirs, Chardonnays, and Zinfandels produced by different vintners, so could the brewers, with no less sophistication or passion, debate the merits of different beers using Saaz or Challenger or Cascade. The fact is they don't. Rather, brewers rejoice in styles that are founded on the type of grain, the extent to which the wort is fermentable, the strength, the color, and the brewing technique. As a first fundamental, we speak of ales and lagers. The former have the more ancient pedigree. Once upon a time, the word “ale” was used to describe unhopped products. These days, virtually all ales are hopped. A classic feature of an ale is that it is fermented using a “top fermenting yeast,” that is, a yeast that rises to the top of the vessel during fermentation. Fermentation is effected at a relatively warm temperature, say, 16°C (61°F), which leads to relatively high levels of esters (fruity flavors).
Hartree-Fock one-body dynamics and U(n) co-adjoint orbits

Hartree-Fock theory is basic to our microscopic understanding of many-fermion systems [1,2]. Its fundamental approximation restr icts the states of A-particle systems to be Slater determinants, i .e. simple vectors @ = @l ^ @2 . . . . . @A in the exterior product of A-copies of the single-part ic le space. The ground state is approximated by the Slater determinant which minimizes the expectation of the energy. Although the atomic many-electron ground state may be approximated for most purposes quite adequately by a Slater determinant, the same cannot be said for the atomic nucleus. Thus, the restr ict ion to determinantal wavefunctions must be el iminated i f a satisfactory microscopic theory of nuclei is to be achieved. However, i f the simplifying restr ict ion to determinants is dropped, then we are faced with an Intractable many-body problem. Fortunately, thls pessimistic conclusion is unwarranted. To understand how the restr ict ion to determinants can be eliminated ent i re ly, and yet a tractable generalization of HF achieved, I t is necessary to appreciate the c r i t i ca l role played by the unitary group U(n) In HF. The group U(n) of unitary transformations in the n-dimensional s ingle-part ic le space Is known to be important for the many-body problem in general and HF in par t i cular [3,4]. For example, Matsen and NelIn have observed that a Slater determinant is a highest weight vector of U(n) [5,6]'. Here, however, we need to exploit two features of U(n). First note that the group U(n) acts t ransi t ive ly on the Slater determinants, i .e. i f @ is any fixed normalized determinant, then every other normalized determinant is of the form g@ = g@l ^ 9@2 . . . . . g@A " Hence, the group U(n) characterizes the states available in the HF approximation, viz. the HF states constitute a single orbi t of U(n) in the exterior product space. Secondly, recall that the Lie algebra u(n) consists of the hermitian one-body
11 Understanding phrasal verbs in monolinguals and bilinguals

Abstract This study investigates how English monolinguals and bilinguals access lexical forms such as call on , which can be interpreted as either a phrasal verb, as in John called on the student , or as a verb-preposition combination, as in John called on the third floor . The results of an on-line sentence comprehension experiment indicate that both monolinguals and early bilinguals access phrasal verbs more quickly than verb-preposition combinations. The results also suggest that early bilinguals access both phrasal verbs and verb-preposition combinations as quickly as monolinguals do, whereas late bilinguals (even with high proficiency in English) do not.
THE EVOLUTION OF PRIMORDIAL BINARY OPEN STAR CLUSTERS: MERGERS, SHREDDED SECONDARIES, AND SEPARATED TWINS

The properties of the candidate binary star cluster population in the Magellanic Clouds and Milky Way are similar. The fraction of candidate binaries is ~10% and the pair separation histogram exhibits a bimodal distribution commonly attributed to their transient nature. However, if primordial pairs cannot survive for long as recognizable bound systems, how are they ending up? Here, we use simulations to confirm that merging, extreme tidal distortion, and ionization are possible depending on the initial orbital elements and mass ratio of the cluster pair. Merging is observed for initially close pairs but also for wider systems in nearly parabolic orbits. Its characteristic timescale depends on the initial orbital semi-major axis, eccentricity, and cluster pair mass ratio, becoming shorter for closer, more eccentric equal mass pairs. Shredding of the less massive cluster and subsequent separation is observed in all pairs with appreciably different masses. Wide pairs evolve into separated twins characterized by the presence of tidal bridges and separations of 200-500 pc after one Galactic orbit. Most observed binary candidates appear to be following this evolutionary path which translates into the dominant peak (25-30 pc) in the observed pair separation distribution. The secondary peak at smaller separations (10-15 pc) can be explained as due to close pairs in almost circular orbits and/or undergoing merging. Merged clusters exhibit both peculiar radial density and velocity dispersion profiles shaped by synchronization and gravogyro instabilities. Simulations and observations show that long-term binary open cluster stability is unlikely.
Modeling Exchange Rate Volatility Using Realized GARCH

We apply the Realized GARCH model in the foreign exchange market. With daily data, we find that the Realized GARCH model has better in-sample and out-of-sample performances than a standard GARCH or IGARCH model. On the other hand, GARCH gives better forecasts of conditional variances if weekly data are used. We then propose a dynamic carry trade strategy that uses variance forecasts to determine the optimal portfolio weights. Using variances predicted by a Realized GARCH model, the strategy generates annual Sharpe ratios ranging from 0:6 to 0:9 consistently, which outperforms industrial benchmark indices.
A New, Simple, Nonradioactive, Nontoxic In Vitro Assay to Monitor Corneal Endothelial Cell Viability

Purpose. This study was designed to determine whether Alamar blue could be used to evaluate corneal endothelial cell viability in vitro. Methods. Alamar blue incorporates a proprietary redox indicator that changes color in response to metabolic activity. Primary rabbit endothelial cells were subcultured on 96-well plates at densities ranging from 1,250 to 40,000 cells per well. After 12 hours' incubation, Alamar blue was added to each well and absorbance measured hourly from 1 to 9 hours. Sodium azide-killed cells were used as a control. Alamar blue conversion was also compared with [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation in the presence or the absence of mitomycin C. Results. Alamar blue reduction demonstrated endothelial cell liability, at all cell concentrations compared with that in killed-cell controls. The reduction varied proportionately with cell number and time, showing clearly significant differences. Conversely, [ 3 H]-thymidine uptake demonstrated minimal DNA synthesis and little or no ability to distinguish cell number or viability. Conclusions. Alamar blue reduction measures endothelial cell viability and can readily differentiate cell concentrations. It demonstrates several advantages over [ 3 H]-themidine : It can assay nonproliferating endothelial cell metabolism, it allows rapid assessment of large numbers of samples, it can differentiate endothelial cell concentrations, it is nontoxic, it is nonradioactive and allows for simple disposal, it is less costly, and it allows for continuous monitoring of endothelial cell metabolism and viability.
Context influences the interplay of endocrine axes across the day

The current investigation examined stressors upon the coupling of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes. Emphasis is placed on the moderating role of context and time. One hundred and eighteen adolescent males and females provided up to 32 diurnal saliva samples across a visit to a research lab. This visit constituted a day-long stress through which the impact on HPA–HPG axis coupling could be assessed. We tested four models of HPA–HPG axis coupling across the lab day. Sex and stress hormones operated synchronously (β = .404, p <.001), and the coupling of sex and stress hormones was moderated by the stress of the lab day (β = .010, p = .05). This pattern of co-elevation did not appear to be moderated by the distal experience of early life adversity. Findings suggest that the notion of “stress” must disentangle proximal and distal challenges, each of which appears to impact neurobiological processes.
Object-based evaluation of a numerical weather prediction model’s performance through forecast storm characteristic analysis

AbstractTraditional pixel-versus-pixel forecast evaluation scores such as the critical success index (CSI) provide a simple way to compare the performances of different forecasts; however, they offer little information on how to improve a particular forecast. This paper strives to demonstrate what additional information an object-based forecast evaluation tool such as the Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) can provide in terms of assessing numerical weather prediction models’ convective storm forecasts. Forecast storm attributes evaluated by MODE in this paper include storm size, intensity, orientation, aspect ratio, complexity, and number of storms. Three weeks of the High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model’s precipitation forecasts during the summer of 2010 over the eastern two-thirds of the contiguous United States were evaluated as an example to demonstrate the methodology. It is found that the HRRR model was able to forecast convective storm characteristics rather well either as ...
Biphasic appearance of corticated and decorticated ascarid egg shedding in untreated horse foals

Parascaris spp. infects foals worldwide and may cause airway inflammation in addition to small intestinal impaction and rupture. It is observed that acquired immunity eliminates ascarid burdens beginning at about 6 months of age, and current evidence suggests that a single parasite generation propagates in each foal crop. The purpose of this study was to monitor natural parasitic infections in untreated mixed breed horse foals over the course of 0-300 days of age. Fecal samples were collected monthly from all foals born in 2014 (n=13), beginning July 2014 through February 2015. Fecal egg counts (FECs) were performed in triplicates using the Mini-FLOTAC method. The foals were necropsied between 154 and 298 days of age and all intestinal ascarid were collected and identified to stage. Ascarid FECs exhibited a biphasic distribution with an initial peak at 91-120 days of age and, after a steady decline, a second, smaller peak at 241-300 days of age. Numbers of corticated and decorticated ascarid eggs were compared, with decorticated FECs remaining consistently low with a slight increase directly after the first corticated FEC peak. Overall, 4.36% of the total ascarid eggs counted were decorticated. Ascarid FECs showed a sharp peak in September, declined, and then steadily increased beginning in December and continuing through February. Upon necropsy, moderate to high number of ascarid specimens were recovered from foals between 8 and 10 months of age, coinciding with the second peak for the FECs. Eleven of the 13 foals harbored immature ascarid stages indicating a recent reinfection. However, these data demonstrates that apparently a second, smaller wave of infection is present in 8-10 month old foals. It may be of value to monitor egg counts in this age group to make sure that all parasite categories are well controlled.
Behavioral Compliance to Personalized Warning Signs and the Role of Perceived Relevance

Recent research has shown that compliance to a posted warning sign is much lower than the same warning located within a set of task instructions, even when the sign is highly visible. One possible ...
Shear stabilization of the capillary breakup of a cylindrical interface

A cylindrical interface containing a viscous liquid set into axial motion is subject to a capillary and to a surface‐wave instability. Clues from previous studies suggest that, even though both mechanisms separately are destabilizing, under certain circumstances their mutual interaction can lead to a stable interface; shear can stabilize capillary breakup. These clues lead the authors to consider an axial flow through an annular cross section bounded on the inside by a rigid rod and on the outside by a deformable interface. The competition between the two mechanisms is studied through the temporal growth of infinitesimal axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric disturbances. This examination of temporal stability shows that, indeed, for geometries corresponding to thin annular layers both instabilities can be completely suppressed—disturbances of all wavelengths decay.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Findings in Wernicke's Encephalopathy after Gastric Bypass Surgery

Three patients with acquired neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities due to Wernicke's encephalopathy following gastric bypass surgery are reported. The neuro-ophthalmic findings included bilateral third nerve palsies, horizontal and vertical nystagmus, and lid nystagmus. Two of our patients were not eating and two were actually vomiting when the eye movement abnormalities appeared. Thirteen similar cases have been reported. The frequency of this complication heralds a call for closer attention to the nutritional state of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of Wernicke's encephalopathy after gastric bypass surgery.
Probing the magnetic FIELD at subparsec radii in the accretion disk of NGC 4258

We present an analysis of polarimetric observations at 22 GHz of the water vapor masers in NGC 4258 obtained with the VLA and the GBT. We do not detect any circular polarization in the spectrum indicative of Zeeman-induced splitting of the maser lines of water, a non-paramagnetic molecule. We have improved the 1 σ upper limit estimate on the toroidal component of the magnetic field in the circumnuclear disk of NGC 4258 at a radius of 0.2 pc from 300 to 90 mG. We have developed a new method for the analysis of spectra with blended features and derive a 1 σ upper limit of 30 mG on the radial component of the magnetic field at a radius of 0.14 pc. Assuming thermal and magnetic pressure balance, we estimate an upper limit on the mass accretion rate of ~10-3.7 M☉ yr-1 for a total magnetic field of less than 130 mG. We discuss the ramifications of our results on current maser models proposed to explain the observed maser emission structure and the consequences for current accretion theories. We find from our magnetic field limits that the thin-disk model and the jet-disk model are better candidates for accounting for the extremely low luminosity nature of NGC 4258 than models that include advection-dominated accretion flows.
Phenomena of Resonant Transmission through Perforated Metal Plates

In this paper, several structures that allow for optical, terahertz, and microwave enhanced transmission phenomena through metal plates perforated by arrays of holes of subwavelength cross-section are investigated. It is shown that the transmission enhancement is associated with resonant coupling between the incident/transmitted field and source-free fields supported by the perforated plate. The source-free fields are allowed when any type of slow waves is supported by the plate and a proper periodic arrangement of the subwavelength holes is present.
AChemS: The Beginning

This paper unfolds the events, the people and the times that led up to the founding of AChemS and fashioned its character during its early formative years. It describes the path over which AChemS came, going from the original assertions and denials for the need of such an organization to its later inception and nascent development. This narration highlights such topics as the debate over the need for AChemS, the role of National Science Foundation in the founding of AChemS, the derivation of the Association's name, the choice of Sarasota and the Hyatt House as the meeting site, the generation of the programs for the early annual meetings, the adoption of the bylaws, the process of incorporation and tax deferment, and the birth of the Givaudan Lectureship. Most emphatically highlighted, however, is the enthusiasm, commitment and hard work that the members of the chemosensory research community displayed in bringing AChemS to fruition.
Report From the Jerusalem Workshop on Lynch Syndrome-Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer

A Workshop was held in Jerusalem, Israel, on October 26 and 27, 2009 to discuss the management of Lynch syndrome-hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (CRC), with the primary goal to develop consensus for the optimal management of this disease. A second goal was to identify areas of research with the potential to advance the clinical management of Lynch syndrome. The perspectives and recommendations from the workshop are meant to be a platform for discussion and deliberation. The Workshop was organized by Moshe Shike (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York) and sponsored by The Colon Cancer Foundation. More details of each presentation are available in an on-line supplement.
The dorsal horn of the avian spinal cord, a re-examination.

Basee selon des criteres morphologiques et embryologiques, la substance gelatineuse de la moelle epiniere des Oiseaux peut se diviser en regions laterale et mediale. On suppose que la substance gelatineuse peut etre connectee avec les centres superieurs du cerveau par les grands neurones que l'on a trouve dans la region laterale.
Nonlinear visual responses to flickering sinusoidal gratings.

Over a range of high temporal and low spatial frequencies, counterphase flickering gratings evoke the so-called frequency-doubling illusion, in which the apparent brightness of the grating varies at twice its real spatial frequency. The form of the nonlinearity that causes this second-harmonic distortion of the visual response was determined by a cancellation technique. The harmonic distortion can be measured as a function of amplitude (or contrast) by adding to the flickering grating a real, nonflickering, double-frequency component with the amplitude and phase required to cancel the illusory second harmonic. Harmonic distortion curves obtained in this way imply that the nonlinearity is of the form |s|p, where s is the stimulus pattern (without its dc component) and p is close to 0.6. If p = 1, or if the absolute value is not taken, this expression predicts distortion curves that differ significantly from the experimental results. Hence neither rectification nor compression alone is sufficient to account for the second-harmonic distortion; both are required.
A possible link from the cytoplasmic metabolic reactions to the genes: the co-enzymes.

De faits biochimiques connus on peut construire un mecanisme ou les fragments nucleotides des co-enzymes nucleotides (ou leurs isomeres) servent de «messagers» des cycles metaboliques cytoplasmiques aux chromosomes. De facon similaire, on peut representer les nucleotides comme se separant des chromosomes et devenant une partie des co-enzymes dans une phase distincte du developpement de la cellule.
Crambe seed processing: Removal of glucosinolates by water extraction

A method is reported for removingepi-progoitrin, the major glucosinolate, from crambe seed meal. Defatted meal was cooked and water extracted or treated with soda ash and then water extracted. Although soda ash aided destruction and removal of glucosinolate factors, there was a 28% reduction in total lysine. In animal feeding tests designed to reflect differences due to toxic factors, soda ash treated and water extracted meals gave the best results. No toxicity was apparent in rats and chicks fed these meals in nutritionally adequate diets. The rat diet included 30% crambe meal for 90 days; the chick diet, 20% crambe meal for 4 weeks. Pathological examinations in both series showed no organ damage.
Regularization for a class of ill-posed evolution problems in Banach space

We study evolution equations in Banach space, and provide a general framework for regularizing a wide class of ill-posed Cauchy problems by proving continuous dependence on modeling for nonautonomous equations. We approximate the ill-posed problem by a well-posed one, and obtain Holder-continuous dependence results that provide estimates of the error for a class of solutions under certain stabilizing conditions. For examples that include the linearized Korteweg-de Vries equation and the Schrodinger equation in L p ,p≠2, we obtain a family of regularizing operators for the ill-posed problem. This work extends to the nonautonomous case several recent results for ill-posed problems with constant coefficients.
Influence of low-weight seeds and motes on the fiber properties of other cotton seeds

Abstract Suboptimal growth conditions can hinder cotton fiber growth and development. Bolls were selected from cotton plants ( Gossypium hirsutum L.; Deltapine 50, 51) grown in Texas over a 3 yr period. Fiber samples from seeds located in the middle of the boll were analyzed using the advanced fiber information system (AFIS). Motes are developmentally arrested seeds and their associated fiber. By definition, motes cannot germinate. Motes were divided into two categories — short-fiber and long-fiber — where fiber from long-fiber motes was one half the length of fibers on normal seeds. Large numbers of short-fiber motes per boll did not have a detrimental effect on the fiber quality of the middle seeds in a boll. Large numbers of long-fiber motes per boll reduced the extent of secondary wall deposition in fibers from middle seeds, while small numbers of low-weight seeds or long-fiber motes per boll did not affect the fiber quality of middle seeds. The identification of sources of poor quality fiber facilitates prediction of dyeing irregularities ultimately benefiting producers, processors and consumers.