cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proportionate responses to life events influence clinicians' judgments of psychological abnormality.

Psychological abnormality is a fundamental concept in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–IV–TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and in all clinical evaluations. How do practicing clinical psychologists use the context of life events to judge the abnormality of a person’s current behaviors? The appropriate role of life-event context in assessment has long been the subject of intense debate and scrutiny among clinical theorists, yet relatively little is known about clinicians’ own judgments in practice. The authors propose a proportionate-response hypothesis, such that judgments of abnormality are influenced by whether the behaviors are a disproportionate response to past events, rendering them difficult to understand or explain. Licensed, practicing clinical psychologists (N 77) were presented with vignettes describing hypothetical people’s behaviors (disordered, mildly distressed, or unaffected) that had been preceded by either traumatic or mildly distressing events. Experts’ judgments of abnormality were strongly and systematically influenced by the degree of mismatch between the past event and current behaviors in strength and valence, such that the greater the mismatch, the more abnormal the person seemed. A separate, additional group of clinical psychologists (N 20) further confirmed that the greater the degree of mismatch, the greater the perceived difficulty in understanding the patient. These findings held true across clinicians of different theoretical orientations and in disorders for which these patterns of judgments ran contrary to formal recommendations in the DSM–IV–TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The rationality of these effects and implications for clinical decision science are discussed.
Mathematical analysis of oxygen and nitrate consumption in deep microbial films

Abstract The simultaneous diffusion and consumption of oxygen and nitrate into microbial films with aerobic and anaerobic layers was modeled by a system of differential equations and solved by numerical methods. Fickian diffusion was assumed. Models used Monod kinetics and zero-order kinetics, for growth limitation by oxygen and nitrate. Denitrification was assumed to be repressed by oxygen concentrations greater than a finite critical value. Both models indicate that oxygen concentration in the overlying water would have little effect on the nitrate uptake of thick films.
Structure of Vema Fracture Zone

Abstract Unreversed seismic refraction profiles were recorded over the axial trough portion of Vema Fracture Zone and over the crust on opposite sides, using short- and long-range sonobuoys. Travel time—distance analysis of refracted arrivals indicates that south of the axial trough there is a 600 m thick layer of (assumed) velocity 3.6 km/sec overlying a 4 km thick 6.3-km/sec crustal layer between it and the upper mantle. Beneath the axial trough a 2.2 km thick 4.3-km/sec layer on a 2.6 km thick 5.9-km/sec layer overlies the mantle. The main crustal layer of velocity 5.9–6.3-km/sec may correspond to layer 3 of the deep-ocean basin, but its velocity and thickness are significantly less beneath the axial trough. Oceanic basement (layer 2) north of the axial trough is approximately 2 km thick and has a 3-component-velocity structure; deeper crustal layers were not detected due to insufficient profile length.
Interpretation of the properties of chromatin extracts from mammalian nuclei.

Chromatin from standard preparations of nuclei stabilized by magnesium ions at 0-4 degrees C was degraded during the nuclear isolation, and newly-synthesized chromatin was degraded slightly more slowly than the ;older' chromatin. The significance of this observation, and its relation to the interpretation of the properties of nucleoprotein extracts is discussed.
Evaluation of respiratory muscle activation using respiratory motor control assessment (RMCA) in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.

During breathing, activation of respiratory muscles is coordinated by integrated input from the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. When this coordination is disrupted by spinal cord injury (SCI), control of respiratory muscles innervated below the injury level is compromised1,2 leading to respiratory muscle dysfunction and pulmonary complications. These conditions are among the leading causes of death in patients with SCI3. Standard pulmonary function tests that assess respiratory motor function include spirometrical and maximum airway pressure outcomes: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (PImax) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (PEmax)4,5. These values provide indirect measurements of respiratory muscle performance6. In clinical practice and research, a surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded from respiratory muscles can be used to assess respiratory motor function and help to diagnose neuromuscular pathology. However, variability in the sEMG amplitude inhibits efforts to develop objective and direct measures of respiratory motor function6. Based on a multi-muscle sEMG approach to characterize motor control of limb muscles7, known as the voluntary response index (VRI)8, we developed an analytical tool to characterize respiratory motor control directly from sEMG data recorded from multiple respiratory muscles during the voluntary respiratory tasks. We have termed this the Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA)9. This vector analysis method quantifies the amount and distribution of activity across muscles and presents it in the form of an index that relates the degree to which sEMG output within a test-subject resembles that from a group of healthy (non-injured) controls. The resulting index value has been shown to have high face validity, sensitivity and specificity9-11. We showed previously9 that the RMCA outcomes significantly correlate with levels of SCI and pulmonary function measures. We are presenting here the method to quantitatively compare post-spinal cord injury respiratory multi-muscle activation patterns to those of healthy individuals.
A Concise Total Synthesis of (−)-Maoecrystal Z

The first total synthesis of (−)-maoecrystal Z is described. The key steps of the synthesis include a diastereoselective TiIII-mediated reductive epoxide coupling reaction and a diastereoselective SmII-mediated reductive cascade cyclization reaction. These transformations enabled the preparation of (−)-maoecrystal Z in only 12 steps from (−)-γ-cyclogeraniol.
Electronic structure of some substituted iron(II) porphyrins. Are they intermediate or high spin

The electronic structure of some substituted, four-coordinate iron(II) porphyrins has been investigated with DFT methods. These systems include iron tetraphenylporphine (FeTPP), iron octamethyltetrabenzporphine (FeOTBP), iron tetra(α,α,α,α-orthopivalamide)phenylporphine (FeTpivPP, also called “picket fence” porphyrin), halogenated iron porphyrins (FeTPPXn, X = F, Cl; n = 20, 28), and iron octaethylporphine (FeOEP). A number of density functionals were used in the calculations. Different from the popular, intermediate-spin FeTPP, the ground states of FeOTBP, FeTPPCl28, and FeTPPF20βCl8 are predicted to be high spin. The calculated result for FeOTBP is in agreement with the early experimental measurement, thereby changing the previous conclusion drawn from the calculations with only the BP functional (J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 116, 3635). But FeTpivPP might have an intermediate-spin ground state, a conclusion that is different from the “experimental” one. With a notably expanded Fe−N bond length, FeOEP might exi...
A Standardized Open-Source Mass Spectrometry Toolkit: Potential for Facilitating Proteomics Research

In October 2012, Nature Biotechnology published an article by Chambers and colleagues describing the ProteoWizard Toolkit (1). Despite the successes of mass spectrometry–based proteomics, the interpretation of massive data sets remains a challenge. The open-source Toolkit provides a set of software libraries and interfaced applications robust enough to potentially bridge all of the common data formats of mass spectrometry vendors, a recognized hindrance to the development of proteomic software tools for facilitating …
Unimolecular Chemistry of •CH2-O-C•=O (Methylenecarboxyldiradical) and HO—CH=C=O (Hydroxyketene) and of the Corresponding Radical Cations and Anions in the Gas Phase:

The C2H2O2+• isomers •CH2–O–C+=O (1+•, methylenecarboxyl radical cation) and HO–CH=C=O+• (2+•, hydroxyketene radical cation) are produced in the gas phase and their spontaneous and collision-induce...
Analytic theory of coupling from tapered fibers and half-blocks into microsphere resonators

Coupling from tapered fibers and polished half-block couplers into the high-Q whispering gallery modes of microsphere resonators is investigated analytically. Numerous formulas are derived to predict the external coupling Q values, and intrinsic whispering gallery loss, for arbitrary structures, and for any sphere mode. Phase-mismatch due to the differences in propagation constants between input and sphere modes is taken into account. These formulas are strictly mechanical once a simple characteristic equation is solved which relates the spherical mode orders to the resonant wave vector. Results are in very good agreement with values that are calculated by different numerical methods.
The environmental legacy of Saddam Husayn: The archaeology of totalitarianism in modern Iraq

The environmental security risk which Iraq poses to itself and its neighbors is considerable. Iraq's enormous investments in military industries, including weapons of mass destruction, well-documented practice of environmental warfare, and extensive aggression against internal ethnic minorities and neighbors, have created long-term ecological problems which have degraded the air, water, and soil, negatively effected public health, and intentionally displaced populations. These and many other problems will confront any successor regime and the international community. Some of the environmental problems and their causes are reviewed here. It is suggested that detailed study and planning should begin immediately to catalog and address the environmental legacy.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive Protein Modification and Its Intracellular Delivery for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Herein we report a convenient chemical approach to reversibly modulate protein (RNase A) function and develop a protein that is responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) for targeted cancer therapy. The conjugation of RNase A with 4-nitrophenyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzyl carbonate (NBC) blocks protein lysine and temporarily deactivates the protein. However, the treatment of RNase A–NBC with hydrogen peroxide (one major intracellular ROS) efficiently cleaves the NBC conjugation and restores the RNase A activity. Thus, RNase A–NBC can be reactivated inside tumor cells by high levels of intracellular ROS, thereby restoring the cytotoxicity of RNase A for cancer therapy. Due to higher ROS levels inside tumor cells compared to healthy cells, and the resulting different levels of RNase A–NBC reactivation, RNase A–NBC shows a significant specific cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
Parent and Child Media Exposure, Preschooler Dietary Intake, and Preschooler Healthy-Meal Schemas in the Context of Food Insecurity

Media exposure is correlated with child obesity, yet the family behaviors underlying this link remain poorly understood. Using data from a sample of U.S. parents and their preschoolers, this study assessed parent and child exposure to 5 different media along with child dietary intake. Child healthy-meal schemas were measured with the Placemat Protocol, a novel play-based pretend meal assembly activity. Child and parent commercial TV viewing predicted greater obesogenic dietary intake for children in food-secure but not food-insecure households. Child commercial TV viewing also predicted a greater proportion of energy-dense to total foods in children's pretend healthy meals. Discussion focuses on food insecurity as a potential moderator of marketing effects and calls for continued research on child meal schema development.
Prevalence and strength of density‐dependent tree recruitment

Density dependence could maintain diversity in forests, but studies continue to disagree on its role. Part of the disagreement results from the fact that different studies have evaluated different responses (survival, recruitment, or growth) of different stages (seeds, seedlings, or adults) to different inputs (density of seedlings, density or distance to adults). Most studies are conducted on a single site and thus are difficult to generalize. Using USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis data, we analyzed over a million seedling-to-sapling recruitment observations of 50 species from the eastern United States, controlling for the effects of climate. We focused on the per-seedling recruitment rate, because it is most likely to promote diversity and to be identified in observational or experimental data. To understand the prevalence of density dependence, we quantified the number of species with significant positive or negative effects. To understand the strength of density dependence, we determined the magnitude of effects among con- and heterospecifics, and how it changes with overall species abundance. We found that density dependence is pervasive among the 50 species, as the majority of them have significant effects and mostly negative. Density-dependence effects are stronger from conspecific than heterospecfic adult neighbors, consistent with the predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Contrary to recent reports, density-dependence effects are more negative for common than rare species, suggesting disproportionately stronger population regulation in common species. We conclude that density dependence is pervasive, and it is strongest from conspecific neighbors of common species. Our analysis provides direct evidence that density dependence reaulates opulation dynamics of tree species in eastern U.S. forests.
Effects of Bilingualism, Noise, and Reverberation on Speech Perception by Listeners with Normal Hearing

This study compared monosyllabic word recognition in quiet, noise, and noise with reverberation for 15 monolingual American English speakers and 12 Spanish–English bilinguals who had learned English prior to 6 years of age and spoke English without a noticeable foreign accent. Significantly poorer word recognition scores were obtained for the bilingual listeners than for the monolingual listeners under conditions of noise and noise with reverberation, but not in quiet. Although bilinguals with little or no foreign accent in their second language are often assumed by their peers, or their clinicians in the case of hearing loss, to be identical in perceptual abilities to monolinguals, the present data suggest that they may have greater difficulty in recognizing words in noisy or reverberant listening environments.
Toward a standard in structural genome annotation for prokaryotes

In an effort to identify the best practice for finding genes in prokaryotic genomes and propose it as a standard for automated annotation pipelines, 1,004,576 peptides were collected from various publicly available resources, and were used as a basis to evaluate various gene-calling methods. The peptides came from 45 bacterial replicons with an average GC content from 31 % to 74 %, biased toward higher GC content genomes. Automated, manual, and semi-manual methods were used to tally errors in three widely used gene calling methods, as evidenced by peptides mapped outside the boundaries of called genes. We found that the consensus set of identical genes predicted by the three methods constitutes only about 70 % of the genes predicted by each individual method (with start and stop required to coincide). Peptide data was useful for evaluating some of the differences between gene callers, but not reliable enough to make the results conclusive, due to limitations inherent in any proteogenomic study. A single, unambiguous, unanimous best practice did not emerge from this analysis, since the available proteomics data were not adequate to provide an objective measurement of differences in the accuracy between these methods. However, as a result of this study, software, reference data, and procedures have been better matched among participants, representing a step toward a much-needed standard. In the absence of sufficient amount of exprimental data to achieve a universal standard, our recommendation is that any of these methods can be used by the community, as long as a single method is employed across all datasets to be compared.
Sphingolipid metabolites in inflammatory disease

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes. Progress in our understanding of sphingolipid metabolism, state-of-the-art sphingolipidomic approaches and animal models have generated a large body of evidence demonstrating that sphingolipid metabolites, particularly ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are signalling molecules that regulate a diverse range of cellular processes that are important in immunity, inflammation and inflammatory disorders. Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of sphingolipid metabolites and new perspectives on their roles in regulating chronic inflammation have been reported. The knowledge gained in this emerging field will aid in the development of new therapeutic options for inflammatory disorders.
Methods to Validate Nursing Diagnoses

Ever since nurses began officially to label the phenomena that they diagnose and treat, there has a need to validate the existence of those phenomena. Nurses who use the official North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) list of nursing diagnoses often find the diagnostic labels and their defining characteristics are not relevant and are not what they identify in clinical practice. If this problem continues, nurses will not have confidence in the official diagnoses and will view them, at best, as an academic exercise imposed by nursing leaders divorced from the real world of nursing. A source of the problem is that many of the nursing diagnoses on the current NANDA-approved list were included with little empirical evidence. To be on the improved list means that the diagnosis has been accepted for further testing, validation, and refinement.
Analysis of the finite cone‐plate viscometer and of the finite parallel‐plate viscometer

The analyses for flow of a simple fluid of Noll both in the infinite cone-plate viscometer and in the infinite parallel-plate viscometer are shown to be consistent with the existence of a free surface in the finite instruments. Neglected in the description of the free surface are: the effect of any gradients in surface tension, the effect of the rate-of-deformation of the free surface upon the surface stress tensor, the effect of mass transfer at the free surface, inertial and gravitational effects in the free surface, and distortion of the free surface at solid boundaries.
Short-term repeated-dose toxicity profile of archaeosomes administered to mice via intravenous and oral routes

Archaeosomes, liposomes made from polar ether lipids of archaea, show promise for vaccine and drug delivery applications. The potential toxicity of intravenously (14,70, or 140 mg/kg/day for 5 cons...
PONDING DURATION, PONDING FREQUENCY, AND FIELD INDICATORS: A CASE STUDY ON THREE CALIFORNIA, USA, PLAYAS

Playas are temporarily ponded, shallow, intermittent lakes found in the arid southwest United States formed by rainfall and runoff in the wet season. Because playas are considered “Waters of the United States” (WoUS) under Federal Regulations 33 CFR 328.3 [a], their jurisdictional extent is delineated by either observation of ponded water or physical characteristics that represent ordinary high water marks that remain after the water has receded. To date, no surface hydrologic studies have described the frequency and duration of ponded water within desert playa systems to facilitate the understanding of “ordinary” for delineation purposes. To establish a baseline to support further the concept of “ordinary,” we used 20 years of historical satellite imagery of playas in the western Mojave Desert, California, in combination with 59 years of precipitation records, to provide a case study of frequency and duration of ponding in playas in the arid southwestern United States. Ponding was found to occur for at least 16 days, with a frequency of 51% or approximately every other year. We estimated the average antecedent precipitation needed to initiate ponding to be 8.29 cm. In years when rainfall exceeded 8.29 cm between October and March, the playas also ponded for 16 days into the growing season (March–November). The total length of the ponding period through the wet season ranged between 1 and 32 weeks, with a predictable relationship between length of inundation and total rainfall during the wet season. This range of occurrence of ponded water on these arid playas expresses the climatically unevenly distributed precipitation pattern, both spatial and temporally. Analysis of the ponding duration and frequency from this study site acts as a baseline for further refinement of the concept of ordinary high water and provides a basis for further development of field indicators for delineation purposes of arid southwestern playas.
Validation of Global Performance Numerical Design Tools Used for Design of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

In an effort to harness the abundant offshore wind resource over deepwater, the development of numerical design tools for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) has progressed steadily in recent years. However, at present, a validated model capable of completely coupling the full elastodynamic response between the mooring system, floating support structure, turbine tower and the wind turbine is not commercially available.The University of Maine has developed a new FOWT design, VolturnUS, which utilizes a concrete semi-submersible hull. For the VolturnUS design effort a number of numerical models were developed to analyze the system’s global performance. This paper presents the results of a validation study conducted to quantify the accuracy and suitability of a subset of these models for use in the design of the VolturnUS FOWT. Validation was conducted via comparisons of numerical model results to test data obtained from a 1:50 scale model testing campaign conducted by the University of Maine at the Maritime Research Institute, Netherlands offshore basin.The validation study evaluated the performance and capabilities of the numerical models over a range of design conditions. Emphasis was placed on design load cases (DLCs), which were found to govern the design of the FOWT. The DLCs follow the American Bureau of Shipping’s (ABS) Guide for Building and Classing Floating Offshore Wind Turbines.Through this method of model validation this work sought to quantify the numerical models’ accuracy, highlight their limitations, justify design assumptions, and identify areas requiring further development in the field of FOWT numerical modeling.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Justice in the Palestine-Israel Conflict

Military-territorial conflicts are typically addressed by the international community on the basis of considerations of justice, meaning relevant standards accepted by the community of states for conduct among states and peoples. If such standards are followed, resulting agreements stand a greater chance of providing for a lasting peace. In the conflict over historic Palestine, considerations of justice have had to compete with considerations of major-power policy, from early twentieth century to the present. When negotiations re-commence, the international community should ensure that they be conducted with considerations of justice at the forefront. If that approach is taken, in particular regarding territorial disposition, Israel's settlements in Palestinian territory, and repatriation of the displaced, a peace agreement may be reached that will stand the test of time.
Concerning the ground state and S1 and T1 photoexcited states of the homoleptic quadruply bonded complexes Mo2(O2CC6H4-p-X)4, where X = C≡C-H or C≡N.

The preparation of the homoleptic MM quadruply bonded complexes Mo2(O2CC6H4-p-X)4, where X = C≡C–H (I) or C≡N (II), is reported along with the solution characterization data and electronic structur...
Infectious Complications Associated with Hairy Cell Leukemia

Infectious complications in 47 patients with hairy cell leukemia were reviewed. Seventeen patients had culture-documented infections, 13 patients had significant clinical infections not documented by culture, and 17 had no serious infections. In the documented group, 64% of the infections were pyogenic and 36% were nonpyogenic. Patients in the two groups with serious infections had an initial median granulocyte count that was significantly lower than the granulocyte count in the uninfected group (P < 0.05). Ten of the 17 patients with documented infections died, all as a result of their infections. In the uninfected group, two of 17 patients died, both with progressive disease. Four (9%) of the 47 patients had disseminated atypical mycobacterial disease; two of these patients are alive and asymptomatic two and three years, respectively, after the diagnosis of infection. Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), also known as leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, a distinct clinicalpathological entity associated with lymphoproliferative diseases, has been studied in detail during the 1970s [1]. HCL is usually characterized by the presence in the peripheral blood of abnormal mononuclear cells, which have exaggerated cytoplasmic projections. Clinically, there is moderate pancytopenia in the great majority of patients [2].
High Frequency Approaches for LTCC Based Sensors

Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) have been developed for RF and microwave circuits for a number of applications (i.e. cell phones and wireless systems). The same attributes that make LTCC an important technology for telecommunications are also important for sensors. Compact three-dimensional architectures with low dielectric loss materials are available with LTCC technology. The underlying electric and magnetic responses of materials in the RF and microwave frequency ranges will be discussed and these unique responses can be exploited in a sensor system. Gases, liquids and solids have unique dipolar responses in the RF and microwave ranges. For example, the dielectric relaxation of water has been investigated in water/starch mixtures. Classic dipolar relaxation of water occurs at 30GHz and additional relaxation mechanisms have been found in the 1–10 GHz range because of the starch gelation process. These relaxations could be the basis for a sensor system to monitor the gelation of food starches. I...
State Constitutional Law in 1948–49.

The ever-increasing volume of litigation in state courts has made it necessary to exclude this year all decisions of courts other than those of last resort. In addition, with respect to subjects such as â€œpolice powerâ€ and â€œequal protection,â€ where classification or analysis of the decisions would require space out of all proportion to their importance, only a listing of the subjects involved in the case is attempted. The cases fall generally into the pattern used last year. I. GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION 1. Special Constitutional Provisions. The effective date of a new constitutional amendment was the subject of two decisions this year. In one, the amendment extending the term of office of county attorneys from two to four years was approved at a general election in which county attorneys were elected. The court held that the officers elected then were elected for the longer term, even though the amendment by its own terms did not become operative until the January following the election. This was so, even though the required local notice of the amendment omitted the effective date, since full state-wide notice was published by the secretary of state. The other case holds that the amendment becomes effective on the date of the canvass of votes rather than on the date of the election. Here, too, there were irregularities in the published notice in that it was not published in all counties on the same days and minor inconsistencies appeared in the printed versions. The court held that the purpose of notice had been substantially served.
On Simulation Methods for Investigating Structural Modeling

The recent JMR article and comments by Fornell and Larcker and by Bagozzi on the evaluation of structural models are discussed. A series of simulations demonstrates that the response of the chi squ...
Operation Situation Analysis and Improvement Measure Study for Dynamic Reactive Compensation Equipment Applied in Large-Scale Wind Power Systems

Large-scale wind power systems in China are equipped with ample dynamic reactive power compensation equipment. However, most of the equipment is not performing optimally as desired for failing to adjust reactive power promptly to control the voltage of wind power system. In order to find out the problems of the dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, and thus to take effective measures, performance of the dynamic reactive power compensation devices were analyzed based on the operating data from 2011 to 2014 of an actual large-scale wind power system. The problems of the equipment could be ascribed as low usage rate, low operational reliability, slow dynamic response speed, inconformity with nominal capacity, improper control strategies, insufficient margin of adjustable reactive power, etc. Suggestions for improving performance of the dynamic reactive compensation equipment and the safety operation level of large-scale wind power system were proposed.
Comparison of a rseniasis related with indoor combustion of high arsenic-containing coal in the endemic areas in Guizhou and in Shaanxi

Objective To ascertain the possible differences of arseniasis cases related with indoor combustion of local high As-content coal in the endemic areas of Guizhou Province and Shaanxi Province.Method Comparison of arseniasis cases in the endemic areas in both provinces,the impact factors,including arsenic contents in local coal,soil,water,air and food,as well as the environmental and meteorological factors concerned in the endemic areas in both provinces were performed.Results Arseniasis cases from Guizhou arsenic endemic areas in Guizhou were found to be more prevalent and violent than those in Shaanxi.The mortality in diagnosed arseniasis patients in Guizhou were recorded as 4.41%,however,no death case was ever recorded so far in Shan'xi. The highest total As-content of local coal ever detected in Guizhou endemic area was 17-fold higher than that of Shaanxi samples Total As-content in environmental samples as well as in food samples collected from Guizhou endemic areas were detected as 8～750 times higher over the corresponding levels of Shaanxi samples.The climate in Guizhou was characteristic by year-round drippy and humid weather,in a sharp contrast to the relatively sunny- dominant climate in Shaanxi.The weather condition in Guizhou further intensified the As contamination due to the indoor burning of high As-content coal.Conclusions Arseniasis related with indoor burning of high arsenic coal in Guizhou was much more severe than that in Shaanxi endemic areas.This is probably due to:①higher arsenic contents in Guizhou coal.②higher arsenic contents in the environment as well as in the arsenic contaminated food in Guizhou,resulting in heavily arsenic exposure in Guizhou than that in Shaanxi endemic areas,and finally.③the drippy and wet climate and daily habit of Guizhou inhabitants may also contribute to higher As exposure,as compared with that in Shaanxi.
Recent Evolution of the Offline Computing Model of the NOvA Experiment

The NOvA experiment at Fermilab is a long-baseline neutrino experiment designed to study νe appearance in a νμ beam. Over the last few years there has been intense work to streamline the computing infrastructure in preparation for data, which started to flow in from the far detector in Fall 2013. Major accomplishments for this effort include migration to the use of off-site resources through the use of the Open Science Grid and upgrading the file-handling framework from simple disk storage to a tiered system using a comprehensive data management and delivery system to find and access files on either disk or tape storage. NOvA has already produced more than 6.5 million files and more than 1 PB of raw data and Monte Carlo simulation files which are managed under this model. In addition, the current system has demonstrated sustained rates of up to 1 TB/hour of file transfer by the data handling system. NOvA pioneered the use of new tools and this paved the way for their use by other Intensity Frontier experiments at Fermilab. Most importantly, the new framework places the experiment's infrastructure on a firm foundation, and is ready to produce the files needed for first physics.
Why are p-values controversial?

While it is often argued that a p-value is a probability; see Wasserstein and Lazar, we argue that a p-value is not defined as a probability. A p-value is a bijection of the sufficient statistic fo...
A GaN based 2.2 MHz active-clamp buck converter for automotive applications

Automotive point-of-load (POL) dc-dc converters have wide input voltage range and strict EMI limitation requirements. In order to avoid the AM band interference, the switching frequency is desired to be above 2 MHz. The buck converter is widely used for this application but it has low efficiency at high switching frequency and poor EMI performance due to high dv/dt slew rate. A new active-clamp buck converter is employed in this paper, which features soft-switching for all switches, and thereby high efficiency and low EMI emission. The converter analysis, design considerations are presented. The converter is implemented with GaN FETs, due to its lower Figure-of-Merit (FOM), to further improve the efficiency. The implementation issues with GaN FETs are addressed. Then the experimental results with a 2.2 MHz prototype demonstrate superior performance of this converter.
Laceration of the Diaphragm: An Autopsy Series

In the surgical literature, laceration of the diaphragm is reported three times more often on the left side than the right, and bilateral lacerations are uncommon. However, in reported autopsy seri...
Still left out: healthcare stratification under the Affordable Care Act

The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased healthcare access for many Americans. But, its exclusion of most noncitizens and imperfect state-level implementation stratified coverage by documentati...
P-011 Mri selected isolated m2 occlusion elvo patients show improvement in aphasia after thrombectomy at extended time lsw

Background Isolated occlusion of the MCA M2 segment may result in significant motor or speech symptoms and is often amenable to mechanical thrombectomy. Although isolated M2 occlusions are not uncommon they are unrepresented in recent large randomized controlled trials, and therefore, represent a population of great interest. Here we show significant response to therapy among a cohort of M2 occlusion patients, many treated at extended time LSW after MRI assessment. Population ELVO patients with isolated occlusion of the right or left MCA M2 segment, baseline NIHSS speech score ≥1, baseline mRS ≤2, age ≥18, and no MRI contraindication. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis with primary outcome discharge NIHSS speech score and secondary outcome NIHSS speech score improvement. Results From an institutional stroke intervention dataset representing n=80 ELVO patients treated with thrombectomy between 12/25/2014 and 8/14/2016, n=8 cases were identified meeting inclusion criteria. Median age was 66, median baseline NIHSS was 9 (range: 6–21), and mean CT ASPECTS was 9.25. 3/8 (37.5%) received IV tPA, median time LSW to femoral access was 216 min (IQR: 330–534), and median baseline DWI volume was 6 mL (IQR: 5–18). 7/8 patients studied (87.5%) showed at least one-point improvement in NIHSS speech score at discharge with 6/8 (75%) either insignificant or mild aphasia at discharge. 2/8 patients had time to femoral access ≤6 hour LSW, both had mild aphasia that was resolved at discharge. 4/5 patients presenting beyond 6 hour LSW had insignificant or mild aphasia at discharge, a response rate of 80% and not statistically different from the early presenting group (OR: 1.5 [95CI: 0.82–2.64]). Conclusion MRI selected ELVO patients with isolated M2 occlusion and significant aphasia represented in this cohort showed excellent response to therapy at extended time LSW. Disclosures B. Cristiano: None. K. Cicilioni: None. M. Pond: None. J. Lee: None. P. Promod: None. U. Oyoyo: None. J. Jacobson: None.
Finding the maximum efficiency for multistage ranked-set sampling

ABSTRACTMultistage ranked-set sampling (MRSS) is a generalization of ranked-set sampling in which multiple stages of ranking are used. It is known that for a fixed distribution under perfect rankings, each additional stage provides a gain in efficiency when estimating the population mean. However, the maximum possible efficiency for the MRSS sample mean relative to the simple random sampling sample mean has not previously been determined. In this paper, we provide a method for computing this maximum possible efficiency under perfect rankings for any choice of the set size and the number of stages. The maximum efficiency tends to infinity as the number of stages increases, and, for large numbers of stages, the efficiency-maximizing distributions are symmetric multi-modal distributions where the number of modes matches the set size. The results in this paper correct earlier assertions in the literature that the maximum efficiency is bounded and that it is achieved when the distribution is uniform.
MEMS resonant mass sensor with enabled optical trapping

Microresonators have an unmatched ability to detect the minute masses of single particles or biological cells. Precise measurement of cell mass, and its physical properties, is necessary to answer fundamental biological questions, with implications in cell biology, pharmacology, and medicine. This paper investigates the use of photonic-crystal-mediated optical trapping toward increasing the precision and applicability of this highly sensitive technique, discussing device design, fabrication, implementation, and preliminary results.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation in Adolescents With Down Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Importance Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects up to 60% of children with Down syndrome (DS) and may persist in half of patients after adenotonsillectomy. Children with DS who have persistent OSA often do not tolerate treatment with positive pressure airway support devices or tracheotomy for their residual moderate to severe OSA. The hypoglossal nerve stimulator is an implantable device that delivers an electrical impulse to anterior branches of the hypoglossal nerve in response to respiratory variation, resulting in tongue base protrusion that alleviates upper airway obstruction in adults. Objective To determine whether hypoglossal nerve stimulation is safe and effective in children with DS. Design, Setting, and Participants Case series of the first 6 adolescents with DS to undergo hypoglossal nerve stimulator implantation. Participants were 6 children and adolescents (12-18 years) with DS and severe OSA (apnea hypopnea index [AHI] > 10 events/h) despite prior adenotonsillectomy. Intervention Inspire hypoglossal nerve stimulator placement. Main Outcomes and Measures Patients were monitored for adverse events. Adherence to therapy was measured by hours of use recorded by the device. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing AHI and OSA-18, a validated quality-of-life instrument, scores at baseline and follow-up. Results In 6 patients (4 male, 2 female; aged 12-18 years), hypoglossal nerve stimulator therapy was well tolerated (mean use, 5.6-10.0 h/night) and effective, resulting in significant improvement in OSA. At 6- to 12-month follow-up, patients demonstrated a 56% to 85% reduction in AHI, with an overall AHI of less than 5 events/h in 4 children and less than 10 events/h in 2 children. Children also demonstrated a clinically significant improvement (mean [SD] overall change score, 1.5 [0.6]; range, 0.9-2.3) on the OSA-18, a validated quality-of-life instrument. Conclusions and Relevance Hypoglossal nerve stimulation was well tolerated and effective in the study population, representing a potential therapeutic option for patients with DS and refractory OSA after adenotonsillectomy who are unable to tolerate positive pressure airway devices. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT2344108
Searching for Justice Court-Inspired Housing Policy as a Mechanism for Social and Economic Mobility:

Recent scholarship questions the role of the judiciary in promoting social change. The author looks at the question by examining the long effort of the New Jersey Supreme Court to assure social and...
Dynamics of an excess hole in the 1-methyl-1-butyl-pyrrolidinium dicyanamide ionic-liquid

In a set of recent publications [C. J. Margulis et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 20186 (2011); C. H. Xu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 17528 (2013); C. H. Xu and C. J. Margulis, J. Phys. Chem. B 119, 532 (2015); and K. B. Dhungana et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 121, 8809 (2017)], we explored for selected ionic liquids the early stages of excess charge localization and reactivity relevant both to electrochemical and radiation chemistry processes. In particular, Xu and Margulis [J. Phys. Chem. B 119, 532 (2015)] explored the dynamics of an excess electron in 1-methyl-1-butyl-pyrrolidinium dicyanamide. When electrons are produced from an ionic liquid, the more elusive hole species are also generated. Depending on the nature of cations and anions and the relative alignment of their electronic states in the condensed phase, the very early hole species can nominally be neutral radicals-if the electron is generated from anions-or doubly charged radical cations if their origin is from cations. However, in reality early excess charge localization is more complex and often involves more than one ion. The dynamics and the transient spectroscopy of the hole are the main objects of this study. We find that in the case of 1-methyl-1-butyl-pyrrolidinium dicyanamide, it is the anions that can most easily lose an electron becoming radical species, and that hole localization is mostly on anionic nitrogen. We also find that the driving force for localization of an excess hole appears to be smaller than that for an excess electron in 1-methyl-1-butyl-pyrrolidinium dicyanamide. The early transient hole species can absorb light in the visible, ultraviolet, and near infrared regions, and we are able to identify the type of states being connected by these transitions.
The Frame: The Post-2000 Redevelopment Machine

Chicago’s Redevelopment Machine Across Chicago: 2000 to Present builds on the previous chapter by moving into the present. It dissects this current machine as its actors operate across one scale—Chicago—in its latest stage of actions (post 2000). The chapter excavate these actor’s goals, the rhetoric they create and work through, their plans and strategies, and their presentation of self. This chapter, crucial to the study, frames the analysis of these actors’ actions along the South Side redevelopment frontier (Chap. 4). To know the ambitions, designs, and functioning that defines current redevelopment citywide is to shed light on the dynamics of redevelopment on the South Side. At issue are still unanswered questions: What kinds of spaces and realities do these actors seek to build across Chicago? How are they striking out to accomplish this? Who are the winners and losers in this current drive to remake Chicago?
Where Was God

Some of us can remember a time when movies were less sexually explicit than they are today. At such a time, the manager of a certain movie theater once noticed that there was a man who came every day to see the same movie. Day after day, he would show up as soon as the box office opened and go in for the first showing. One day, the manager said to him, “I notice you’re here every day to see the movie again. You must really enjoy it.” The man answered, “Oh, the movie’s all right, I guess. The part I come for is one love scene toward the end. The hero and heroine are alone in a field, and just as they get to the intimate part, a train comes by and you can’t see what they do. That’s why I keep coming back. I figure one of these days, that train is going to be late.”
Efficient Bifurcation Analysis of Forced Periodic Processes

A numerically efficient procedure is described for computing the loci of bifurcation points separating parameter regions with qualitatively different dynamics and bifurcation diagrams of spatially distributed and periodically forced processes. The numerical method combines shooting, Broyden’s Jacobian update, continuation and direct Frechet differentiation of the PDEs describing the system. The reverse-flow reactor is used to illustrate the application of the numerical procedure.
Family Matters: Strengthening the Fabric of Minority Families

This chapter examines the demographics of American families today and highlights the significance of a healthy, positive, loving, cohesive family environment for the well-being of children. However, family structures have changed over time, and many children are growing up in stressful situations due to such factors as high rates of poverty, single parent households, domestic discord, and/or parental incarceration. In some instances, children are removed from their families due to neglect and abuse and are placed in foster care or group facilities. This chapter examines these issues and challenges with specific attention given to the disproportionately high number of African American children removed from their birth families and placed in foster care while awaiting either family reunification or permanency through adoption or kinship care. Promising practices are identified which can help overcome some of the barriers to finding permanent family connections for these children.
CT of Acute Pulmonary Disease: Infection, Infarction, and Trauma

Chest radiography is the primary means of imaging acute lung disease. Chest radiography is inexpensive, easy to obtain, rapidly processed, low in radiation dose, and available on a ubiquitous basis. However, there are a number of scenarios in which CT is playing an increasing role in evaluating acute lung disease. Because CT of the lung can be performed with tube currents as low as 40 mAs, high quality images can be obtained while minimizing radiation dose. Acute pulmonary processes can be related to infection, trauma, or infarction. Helical CT is playing an increasing role in the evaluation for pulmonary embolism and lung infarction in adults. This article will review the roles of and findings seen with CT imaging of pulmonary infection, suspected embolism, and trauma.