cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consolidating Human Capital Advantage For Sustainability And Competitiveness

The 21 st century managers must sit up and be alert to unprecedented changes that have implications for their corporate identity and future existence. To survive, they should no longer wait for the wind of change to blow away their organizations. They must be ready at all times to act promptly for the sustenance of their organizations. Never has the world of mankind been so slippery, precarious, diversified, hostile, dynamic and futile. Increasing government interventions and expectations for quality products and service, corporate resistance to change and swift technological change have added to the complexity and awesome of today’s business environments. Converting the above threat into own advantage puts heavy pressures on today’s managers to develop and consolidate on latent skills which organizations need for survival. In this article, the writer holistically examines the concept of human capital and its facets with a prognosis of how its philosophies, principles, strategies and practices can be adapted to meeting the developmental needs of Nigerian firms in the present-day competitively-driven business world.
Outcomes After Laparoscopic Conversion of Failed Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB) to Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) or Single Anastomosis Duodenal Switch (SADS)

In the original article the Conflict of Interest statement was incomplete. Dr. Roslin discloses that he is a teaching consultant for Ethicon and Medtronics. He also has received research funding from Medtronics.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients with High T-Helper Cell Count: Report of Two Cases (P06.179)

OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and elevated CD4 count, atypical clinical presentations and radiographic features. BACKGROUND: PML is a demyelinating disease caused by JC virus infection and typically seen in AIDS when CD4 count decreases less than 200 cells/mm3. It usually presents with focal neurological symptoms and brain MRI shows multiple nonenhancing white matter lesions that have predilection to the parietal or occipital lobes. DESIGN/METHODS: We performed retrospective chart review of two PML cases with elevated CD4 count. RESULTS: Case 1 was a 46 year-old man with AIDS (CD4: 420 cells/mm3, viral load CONCLUSIONS: PML may have variable clinical and radiologic presentations among HIV patients. Elevated CD4 count may contribute to this variation. Disclosure: Dr. Hannawi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Majmudar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Johnson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goodman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kass has nothing to disclose.
Mimicking Others’ Nonverbal Signals is Associated with Increased Attitude Contagion

Observing nonverbal signals being directed toward unfamiliar individuals is known to influence attitudes and behavior toward those individuals. Specifically, observing biased nonverbal signals in favor of one individual over another can produce nonverbal signal-consistent attitudes among preschool children. Research has also shown that people have a tendency to mimic the behavior of others. The phenomenon of mimicking another’s nonverbal emotional response and “catching” their emotions has long been established. However, it has yet to be examined whether this phenomenon is associated with attitude contagion. We hypothesized that preschool children who mimic the biased nonverbal signals of others will be more likely to adopt their social attitudes. Results of the current study indicated that as emotional mimicry became more frequent, children showed an increasingly greater probability of acquiring nonverbal signal-consistent attitudes. Moreover, the frequency of negative—but not positive—emotional mimicry was related to an increased probability of showing nonverbal signal-consistent attitudes. Our findings provide initial support for the notion that mimicking others’ biased nonverbal signals may help facilitate attitude contagion.
The Problem of Problem-Solving Courts

The creation of a specialized, “problem-solving” court is a ubiquitous response to the issues that plague our criminal legal system. The courts promise to address the factors believed to lead to repeated interactions with the system, such as addiction or mental illness, thereby reducing recidivism and saving money. And they do so effectively – at least according to their many proponents, who celebrate them as an example of a successful “evidence-based,” data-driven reform. But the actual data on their efficacy is underwhelming, inconclusive, or altogether lacking. So why do they persist? This Article seeks to answer that question by scrutinizing the role of judges in creating and sustaining the problem-solving court movement. It contends problem-solving courts do effectively address a problem – it is just not the one we think. It argues that these courts revive a sense of purpose and authority for judges in an era marked by diminishing judicial power. Moreover, it demonstrates that the courts have developed and proliferated relatively free from objective oversight. Together, these new insights help explain why the problem-solving court model endures. They also reveal a new problem with the model itself – its entrenchment creates resistance to alternatives that might truly reform the system.
Associations between risk-perception, self-efficacy and vaccine response-efficacy and parent/guardian decision-making regarding adolescent HPV vaccination.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate associations of risk perception, self-efficacy and response-efficacy with HPV vaccination decisions among parents/guardians of adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional survey of parents/guardians of adolescents was conducted at the Minnesota State Fair. Risk perception was measured by participant rankings of HPV infection and vaccine risks against diseases/side-effects for which numerical risks were provided. Response efficacy was measured as perceived ability of the vaccine to prevent HPV infection, and self-efficacy was measured as the perceived ability to prevent infection without vaccination (scale 0–100). Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests compared risk perception, self-efficacy and response-efficacy of vaccinators to non-vaccinators. Results Of 405 eligible participants, 355 completed vaccination questions; 304 (86%) were vaccinators and 51 (14%) were non-vaccinators. Non-vaccinators had lower risk-perception of HPV-related cancers (p Conclusions Lower HPV-related cancer risk perception and higher self-efficacy were associated with the decision not to vaccinate. HPV vaccination decisions were similar to meningococcal vaccination decisions, suggesting reluctance to vaccinate in general rather than resistance to the HPV vaccine specifically drove the results.
Geographic variations in dental sealant utilization by Medicaid enrollees.

Objective To investigate geographical variations and their relationship to race/ethnicity in dental sealant utilization for first molars among Wisconsin Medicaid enrollees from 2010 to 2013. Methods Wisconsin Medicaid dental claims for sealants in children aged 6-16 years were analyzed. County-level population density, urban influence code, presence of dental health professional shortage areas, and population-per-dentist ratio were considered as geographic predictors. Descriptive statistics and mixed effects Poisson regression models were used to examine the effect of county level covariates on the number of dental sealants received per person-year (PY) of eligibility adjusting for patient-level characteristics. Over-dispersion was modeled by a random residual effect, and all models adjusted for single-year age and gender interaction and race/ethnicity main effect. Results Medicaid claims for sealants on first permanent molars for 2010-2013 totaled 288,019 over 1,130,000 PY. The age- and gender-standardized rate of first molar sealant applications per 100 PY were 27.9, 25.7, and 16.6 for White, Hispanic, and Black children, respectively. County-specific rates ranged from a low of 8.9 per 100 PY to a high of 62.6 per 100 PY. In the multivariate analysis after adjusting for geography, compared to Whites, Hispanics had highest rates (rate ratio (RR) = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.30-1.37) of dental sealant utilization followed by Blacks (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.21-1.29). Population density was the only significant geographic predictor (RR = 0.56 per 10-fold increase, 95% CI = 0.45-0.69). Conclusions Substantial geographic variability in the utilization of sealants for first molars was identified. Lower population density was the main geographical predictor of high sealant utilization.
An Outdoor Installation Protection Plan Based On Ring Network And Reliability Research

Aimed at outdoor installation of substation site implementation scheme and the pilot station project under construction, This paper investigates the outdoor elements installation protection design combined with cross-interval outdoor installation of bus protection and transformer protection application demand, whose research meet the outdoor installation protection function to realize the communication mechanism, message format, as well as protecting the private network synchronization, reliability and other key issues. In conclusion, combined with the latest communication networking mode of substation, an outdoor component installation protection network communication scheme based on HSR ring network is proposed. At last, also the feasibility of ring network is simulated.
Spontaneous Interpersonal Synchronization of Gait: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Objective To systematically review the existing evidence of spontaneous synchronization in human gait. Data Sources EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to July 2020 using all possible combinations of (1) “spontaneous interpersonal synchronization” or “spontaneous interpersonal coordination” or “unintentional interpersonal synchronization” or “unintentional interpersonal coordination” and (2) “human movement” or “movement” or “walking” or “ambulation” or “gait.” Study Selection Studies had to focus on spontaneous synchronization in human gait, be published in a peer-reviewed journal, present original data (no review articles were included), and be written in English. The search yielded 137 results, and the inclusion criteria were met by 16 studies. Data Extraction Participant demographics, study purpose, setup, procedure, biomechanical measurement, coordination analytical technique, and findings were extracted. Our synthesis focused on the context in which this phenomenon has been studied, the role of sensory information in the emergence of spontaneous interpersonal synchronization in human gait, and the metrics used to quantify this behavior. Data Synthesis The included 16 articles ranged from 2007-2019 and used healthy, primarily young subjects to investigate the role of spontaneous interpersonal synchronization on gait behavior, with the majority using a side-by-side walking/running paradigm. All articles reported data supporting spontaneous interpersonal synchronization, with the strength of the synchronization depending on the sensory information available to the participants. Conclusions Walking alongside an intact locomotor system may provide an effective and biologically variable attractor signal for rehabilitation of gait behavior. Future research should focus on the utility of spontaneous interpersonal synchronization in clinical populations as a noninvasive method to enhance gait rehabilitation.
Generators of Pressure-Evoked Currents in Vertebrate Outer Retinal Neurons.

(1) Background: High-tension glaucoma damages the peripheral vision dominated by rods. How mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) in the outer retina mediate pressure responses is unclear. (2) Methods: Immunocytochemistry, patch clamp, and channel fluorescence were used to study MSCs in salamander photoreceptors. (3) Results: Immunoreactivity of transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) was revealed in the outer plexiform layer, K+ channel TRAAK in the photoreceptor outer segment (OS), and TRPV2 in some rod OS disks. Pressure on the rod inner segment evoked sustained currents of three components: (A) the inward current at <-50 mV (Ipi), sensitive to Co2+; (B) leak outward current at ≥-80 mV (Ipo), sensitive to intracellular Cs+ and ruthenium red; and (C) cation current reversed at ~10 mV (Ipc). Hypotonicity induced slow currents like Ipc. Environmental pressure and light increased the FM 1-43-identified open MSCs in the OS membrane, while pressure on the OS with internal Cs+ closed a Ca2+-dependent current reversed at ~0 mV. Rod photocurrents were thermosensitive and affected by MSC blockers. (4) Conclusions: Rods possess depolarizing (TRPV) and hyperpolarizing (K+) MSCs, which mediate mutually compensating currents between -50 mV and 10 mV, serve as an electrical cushion to minimize the impact of ocular mechanical stress.
Activity Playback Modeling for Smart Home Simulation

Simulation of human activities in smart spaces is becoming increasingly important due to the growing demands on datasets that captures user-technology interactions. Such datasets are critical to the success of human-centric research that relies on understanding user actions, activities and behavior in a given situation and space. But most existing activity models have been designed for the purpose of recognition and are not specifically optimized for visual simulation (playback) or for dataset generation. To address this limitation we propose an activity playback model and associated algorithms to facilitate activity simulation with high degree of realism and with inherent variability that mimics the human nature of performing the same activity variably. We present the activity playback model, algorithms, and a validation study to assess the realism of our approach.
Efficacy of Vedolizumab as Induction Therapy in Refractory IBD Patients: A Multicenter Cohort.

Background Vedolizumab (VDZ) demonstrated efficacy in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the GEMINI trials. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of VDZ at week 14 in inflammatory bowel disease in a multicenter cohort of patients. Methods Patients at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital were considered for inclusion. VDZ (300 mg) was administered at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14. Efficacy was assessed using the Harvey-Bradshaw index for CD, the simple clinical colitis activity index for UC and physician assessment, along with C-reactive protein and decrease of corticosteroid therapy. Clinical response was defined as decrease in Harvey-Bradshaw index ≥3 and simple clinical colitis activity index ≥3 and remission as Harvey-Bradshaw index ≤4, simple clinical colitis activity index ≤2 and physician assessment of response and remission. Results Our study included 172 patients (107 CD, 59 UC, 6 inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified, men 48.3%, mean age 40 years and disease duration 14 years). Fourteen patients had ostomy and 9 ileoanal pouch, and only 35.5% fulfilled eligibility for the GEMINI trials. Previous treatment failures with ≥ 2 anti-TNFs occurred in 70.9%, one-third were on an immunomodulator and 46% systemic steroids at baseline. In CD, 48.9% and 23.9% and in UC, 53.9% and 29.3% had clinical response and clinical remission at week 14, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 10.5%. Conclusions VDZ is safe and well tolerated in refractory inflammatory bowel disease patients in a clinical practice with efficacy in UC and CD with responses similar to what was seen in clinical trials.
Liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: Outcomes and prognostic variables

Background Patient selection for liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors remains a topic of debate. There is no established MELD exception, making it difficult to obtain donor organs. Methods A multicenter database was created assessing outcomes for liver and multivisceral transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and identifying prognostic factors for survival. Demographic, transplant, primary tumor site and management, pathology, recurrent disease and survival data were collected and analyzed. Survival probabilities were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Analysis included 85 patients who underwent liver transplantation November 1988–January 2012 at 28 centers. One, three, and five-year patient survival rates were 83%, 60%, and 52%, respectively; 40 of 85 patients died, with 20 of 40 deaths due to recurrent disease. In univariate analyses, the following were predictors of poor prognosis: large vessel invasion (P < 0.001), extent of extrahepatic resection at liver transplant (P = 0.007), and tumor differentiation (P = 0.003). In multivariable analysis, predictors of poor overall survival included large vessel invasion (P = 0.001), and extent of extrahepatic resection at liver transplant (P = 0.015). Conclusion In the absence of poor prognostic factors, metastatic neuroendocrine tumor is an acceptable indication for liver transplantation. Identification of favorable prognostic factors should allow assignment of a MELD exception similar to hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:125–132. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Religious Groups & “Affluenza”: Further Exploration of the TV-Materialism Link

The researcher explores whether previously noted links between television viewing and materialism also appear among those in religious communities. Secondary analyses were conducted using data from six previous studies: Mennonites, American Buddhists, North American Hispanic Youth in Seventh-Day Adventist Congregations, two studies of youth in various Protestant denominations, and a national youth study with an over-sample of parochial students.
Configuration management for highly-customizable services

The recent surge of configurable operating systems, database systems, and communication subsystems has demonstrated the importance of customization. Customization has a number of advantages, most notably performance improvements, code reuse, and meeting the quality of service requirements of the system users. One typical approach for constructing such services is to implement the service functionality as separate modules that can be configured in different combinations. Typically, ad hoc methods are used to determine which modules may be combined. Such methods require a system configurer to have intimate knowledge about the modules and their interactions or the configuration will not behave as expected. We present a methodology for configuring custom variants of configurable services. The methodology is based on identifying the relations between software modules that dictate which combinations are correct and providing configuration support tools that allow only correct configurations to be created.
A Space on the Side of the Road by Kathleen Stewart

. Space on the Side of the Road Kathleen Stewart Princeton: University of Princeton Press, 1996 243 pages. xii. 36 photographs.
Debating a Debate That is No Debate? Censure, Publication, and the Contexts of a Moral Order in Slovakia's Velvet Revolution

During the “Velvet Revolution” of late 1989 into the early 1990s, members of a Slovak lettered class fought over political influence by contrasting their own alleged moral rectitude vis-a-vis the socialist past and postsocialist present with that of their political rivals. Through published acts of denunciation and attempted censure that drew authority from the particular print venues in which they appeared, these intellectuals sought to control the moral terms of a postsocialist future. This article explores the politics of public censure and accusations of “unfair debate” to argue that in a context such as intellectual debates that rely on the print media of cultural periodicals, the truth contexts that these journals represent create, or perhaps even encourage, conditions for the contestation of political claims. [truth, disputes, public sphere, print media, Europe]
Fe and Ti compensation implants into n- and p- In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/A and p- InP

Fe and Ti implantations were performed into n- and p- type InAlAs, respectively. Fe implants suffered a strong out-diffusion during annealing, whereas Ti implants showed only a slight in- and out- diffusion. The crystalline quality of the annealed material was very close to that of the virgin un-implanted sample, and resistivities higher than 10/sup 6/ /spl Omega/-cm were obtained. MeV Ti implantations were performed into p-type InP. The Ti implant profiles showed almost no redistribution during annealing and the material had good crystalline quality after annealing. Resistivities near the intrinsic limit for InP were obtained. >
Plasma Corticosterone Concentrations Associated with Acute Captivity Stress in Wild Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta)

Plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured in wild loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in response to acute captivity (capture, serial bleeding, and restraint up to 6 hr). In general, concentrations of corticosterone dramatically increased 1 hr after capture, peaked at 3 hr, and decreased by 6 hr. Initial corticosterone concentrations were significantly lower in animals captured by tangle net than in those captured by trawl and were thought to more closely represent baseline levels. Significant effects of season and size class on corticosterone concentrations were found for turtles captured by trawl. Corticosterone concentrations of small turtles captured in summer were higher than those of large turtles captured in the same season and of all turtles captured during winter. In winter, corticosterone concentrations for small turtles were higher than those for large turtles at 3 hr after capture. Large turtles captured during winter experienced the slowest rate of increase in plasma corticosterone and a decline at 3 hr after capture. Although cloacal temperatures were significantly higher in summer samples, corticosterone concentrations of large turtles did not differ between seasons until 1 hr after capture. In addition, several large turtles during summer did not experience an increase in corticosterone concentrations 1 hr after capture. It is possible that the lower corticosterone response of large turtles captured during summer may be associated with reproductive condition.
In search of “best practices” in international human resource management: research design and methodology

The goal of this article is to describe and examine the research design and methodology that were employed by the Best International Human Resource Management Practices Project. The article briefly addresses the origins and goal of the project, including the research questions that the study was attempting to address. The methodology used for collecting the project's data is then presented, including the design and dissemination of the questionnaire and related data collection issues. Implications of the project's research design for interpretation of results, and for influencing the design and management of effective international human resource management practices, are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The labeling approach re‐examined: Interactionism and the components of deviance

The labeling perspective has been one of the most influential in the field of deviance over the past two decades. Firmly rooted in the thought of George Herbert Mead and Herbert Blumer, it is also referred to as the interactionist approach. The purpose of this paper is to move the interactionist perspective on deviance beyond political debate and piecemeal research to a slight measure of theoretical consensus. First, the development of the perspective will be reviewed (examining the separate strands of symbolic interactionism, interactional conflict, and phenomenological sociology). Second, an interactionist model of the components of social deviance will be presented (a total of eight components will be developed). Finally, important conceptual distinctions will be noted on the basis of the proposed model. Included here are moral entrepreneurs, primary and secondary deviance, role engulfment, and master status. The interactionist tradition is the heart of deviance theorizing. Clear conceptualization is n...
Mechanism of bond zone wave formation in explosion-clad metals

Results of experiments in which the collision variables were carefully controlled showed that bond zone wave formation during explosion cladding is analogous to the formation of vortex streets in fluid flow around an obstacle or in the collision of liquid streams. The fluid flow analogy explains the observed transition from a smooth metal-to-metal bond zone to a wavy bond zone above a critical collision velocity. This model is capable of predicting the minimum collision velocity necessary for bond zone wave formation in different metal systems and it also predicts correctly the strong dependence of wave size on collision angle. The magnitude of the wave size agrees with that predicted from fluid flow past a flat plate. Two other mechanisms of bond zone wave formation were explored experimentally and found to be invalid.
Stakeholders in the institutional effectiveness process

Policymakers, administrators, and institutional researchers should recognize the critical stakeholders in the area of institutional effectiveness at the community college, their differences in perceptions about institutional effectiveness, and ways to negotiate these differences in perception.
EFFECTS OF SET AND SEX ON THE ELECTRODERMAL ORIENTING RESPONSE

This study sought to determine the extent to which brief instructions to “pay attention” would affect the magnitude and rate of habituation of the electrodermal orienting response (OR) and whether sex differences would be obtained. Compared to neutral (relaxation) instructions, it was found that Ss who were told to pay attention: (1) had larger ORs to the first tone in each of 2 sets of 20 tones, (2) showed more irregular habituation over the second set of tones, and (3) exhibited decreases in base conductance during a rest period between sets of tones. Females habituated faster than males over the first set of tones. The results are discussed in terms of preparatory set variables.
A risk-averse security-constrained optimal power flow for a power grid subject to hurricanes

Abstract During the course of a hurricane, many components in the power grid may be affected. In particular, loss of transmission lines and/or towers due to excess wind conditions may adversely impact the operation of the grid and force a re-dispatch of the generation units. However, large generation units have considerable ramp rates and usually are not able to vary their outputs fast enough. This might lead to temporary imbalances between load and generation that, if not resolved quickly, may result in more severe cascading failures. When a large scale disturbance such as a hurricane is forthcoming it is most beneficial to proactively dispatch the grid so as to minimize the likelihood of future failures. To assist the operator in proactively responding to an imminent event such as a hurricane, a risk-averse generation dispatch model is presented in this paper based on security-constrained AC optimal power flow. To perform ( N – k ) contingency analysis, a geospatial model of the power grid is developed that allows for the computation of outage probabilities of the transmission lines affected by the hurricane wind fields. Statistical analysis has been performed on the historical data on the past hurricane events in the US in order to simulate realistic hurricane scenarios. The IEEE 118-bus test system has been mapped onto the map of the state of Texas in order to provide a realistic test bed. The proposed algorithm takes into account the cost of operation, as well as the risks associated with overload and over/undervoltage conditions. Moreover, it allows for preventive as well as corrective dispatch of the power grid.
Exploratory Honors Students: Academic Major and Career Decision Making

In this qualitative study, we investigated the academic major and career decision-making processes of honors college students who were declared as “exploratory” students in their freshman year at a large, public, midwestern university. We used semistandardized interviews and document analysis as primary data collection methods to answer four research questions. Results indicated that the 17 participants used aspects of rational choice and alternate models in making decisions. They perceived both advantages and disadvantages of their multipotentiality and developed strategies, such as selecting broad or multiple majors, to offset the disadvantages. Students consulted college academic advisors less than expected when making decisions, and they expressed more concern about happiness than either job availability or earnings than did students in other studies.
Timing- and origin of dedolomite in upper Wappinger Group (Lower Ordovician) strata, southeastern New York

Detailed petrographic-, geochemical-, and geologic (including surface- and subsurface) study of the massive regional-scale dolostones of the upper Wappinger Group (Lower Ordovician part of Sauk Sequence, southeastern New York) enables us to recognize the products of three stages of dolomitization and of one episode of dedolomitization. The three dolomite stages are: (1) earliest syndepositional dolomite, very fine crystalline dolomite (10 to 30 μm) and some tiny cores of coarser rhombs and displaying δ18O mean value of −7.2‰ and δ13C mean value of −1.2‰; (2) second-stage, shallow-burial dolomites including both replacement-type phases (fine- to coarsely crystalline dolomite), and some dolomite cement that was precipitated between crystals of replacement origin and displays δ18O mean value of −7.6‰ and δ13C mean value of −1.7‰; and (3) late-stage dolomite that fills fractures and crosscuts earlier-stage dolomites and that probably formed at intermediate depth of burial. The dedolomite displays progressive degrees of replacement fabric from intercrystalline through pseudomorphic to massive. With its bright-yellow CL color, dedolomite is easy to distinguish from the dull-CL precursor calcite, from dull-CL veinlet calcite, and from the reddish-CL-colored dolomites. Dedolomite and its related fracture-filling bright-CL-colored calcite display δ18O mean value −7.4‰ and δ13C mean value of −2‰. The evidence that dedolomite, with its high concentration in Mn2+ and low content of Fe2+, depleted oxygen isotope-ratio, and distribution restricted to the top three formations that were eroded at the post-Sauk, pre-Tippecanoe surface of unconformity formed suggests that dedolomitization took place early in the Middle Ordovician as a result of post-Early Ordovician uplift,-subaerial exposure, and karstification, when meteoric water circulated within the porous dolostones near the Earth’s surface. Petrographic textural data prove that dedolomite replaced second-stage dolomite; oxygen-isotope data indicate that dedolomite and second-stage dolomite are not co-precipitated minerals. Therefore, the second-stage dolomite must have been stabilized during the Early Ordovician initial episode of subsidence that was associated with a passive-margin tectonic regime. The maximum possible depth of burial was several hundred meters. Subsequently, the top three formations of the Wappinger Group were deeply buried and late-stage dolomite in places filled fractures. This subsequent deep burial did not significantly alter either the second-stage, shallow-burial dolomites or the dedolomites.
Dihydroergotoxine: 6‐Mg versus 3‐Mg Dosage in the Treatment of Senile Dementia. Preliminary Report

In 14 patients with senile dementia, a study was made of two dosage levels (3 mg or 6 mg daily) of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DEM, Hydergine). Only a nonstatistically significant trend was found for superiority of the higher dosage. However, one patient showed remarkable clinical improvement during the 6-mg period; the mechanism remains unexplained. Further studies are needed with this higher dosage in less impaired patients and in those with well-defined cerebral pathologic changes.
Advanced Optical Ceramics For Sensor Windows

A. number of new optical ceramics have been synthesized and characterized for potential application to advanced missile sensor windows. The new materials have been selected to have dual mode capability with an optical cut-off beyond 5μm, and properties conducive to thermal shock and rain erosion resistance. Among the new materials which have significant potential are silicon mullite, its analogue germanium mullite, zinc alumino-germanate glass ceramic, aluminum nitride, toughened zirconia and calcium lanthanum sulfide for long wave IR applications. These materials are all in the developmental stages and advancements in the synthesis processes are needed before they meet all the requirements of advanced sensor windows. However, considerable optical, electrical, mechanical and thermo physical data has been accumulated and is presented in this paper, and the new materials are potentially capable of meeting the needs of the advanced missile systems. In addition, these advanced optical ceramics when fully developed, are expected to prove advantageous in a variety of land, sea, air and space applications.
Photochromic Glass by Silver Ion Exchange

Photochromic glass that was prepared by silver ion exchange had properties similar to those obtained in glasses containing silver introduced as a batch material. The ion exchange was conducted over the temperature range 250–1150°C with molten salt baths containing from 1 to 100 ion percent silver. Observations made with an optical microscope clearly indicate the photochromic nature of the exchanged layer and permit a measurement of the depth of this layer. The principle advantage of this method over batch melting techniques is the greater intensity of color that can be obtained per unit volume of active sample.
Hallervorden-Spatzsche Krankheit

Es wird uber einen Jungen berichtet, der schon im fruhen Kindesalter mit ataktischen und hyperkinetischen Storungen erkrankte. Die Sprache entwickelte sich niemals zu einem normalen Sprechen. Unter standiger Zunahme dieser neurologischen Storungen, geistigem Verfall und spaterem Auftreten von Rigiditat und generalisierten Krampfanfallen fuhrte die Krankheit im Alter von 14 Jahren zum Tode. Die anatomische Untersuchung ergab die typischen Befunde der Hallervorden-Spatzschen Krankheit. Daruber hinaus wurde in Ganglien-, Glia- und Ependymzellen ein eigenartiges Pigment festgestellt, dem moglicherweise eine gewisse Bedeutung fur die Pathogenese der beschriebenen Krankheit zukommen kann.
Stimulation of anaphylaxis in the mouse footpad by dietary fish oil fatty acids.

Abstract The effect of fish oil-derived omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids on anaphylaxis, Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in mice has been investigated. Mice on a normal chow diet were fed eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at a dose of 500 and 333 mg/kg/day, respectively, by a gastric tube over a period of 61 days. Control groups were given water, safflower oil or oleic acid. Anaphylactic and Arthus type reactions were induced in the mouse footpad using bovine serum albumin as an antigen. Carrageenin was utilized to produced a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. The animals fed ω-3 fatty acids induced a more anaphylactic foodpad reaction. There was no significant effect of the diet on Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity responses. There was no effect of the fish oil-supplemented diet on production of antibodies to bovine serum albumin. Synthesis of prostaglandin E 2 by peritoneal macrophages was significantly inhibited in the animals fed ω-3 fatty acid-enriched fish oil, while leukotriene B 4 production was not affected. These results suggest that a diet enriched in ω-3 fatty acids modulates production of arachidonic acid metabolites and this may influence anaphylaxis, but not Arthus and cellular mediated hypersensitivity responses.
An efficient synthesis of S-γ-[4-trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy]benzenepropanamine-[1-14C] maleate, an important metabolite of fluoxetine hydrochloride

S-γ-[(4-Trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzenepropanamine-[1-14C] maleate has been prepared in six steps from R-(-)1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol. The isotope was incorporated by the reaction of NaCN-[14C] with the tert. butyldimethylsilyl ether of R-(-)1-phenyl-1,2-ethane-diol 2-tosylate. Borane reduction and arylation, followed by salt formation yielded S-γ-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzenepropanamine-[1-14C] maleate.
A performance measurement framework for internationalisation of small and medium enterprises

Strategic and operational issues and performance measures in the internationalisation process of small and medium enterprises (SME) are analysed. We incorporate recent case studies of specific SME experience, the empirical results on the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, and the general management strategy literature to develop an integrated framework that includes production, distribution, and location considerations and performance measures. In order to provide a context for analysis and to demonstrate growth opportunities, foreign collaboration in China is employed as an illustration. Within the context of a broad framework, several key issues such as the determinants of organisational learning, the importance of networking, the mode of entry, the overall flexibility, and the sustainability of the internationalisation process are analysed.
Antiproliferative effect of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor antagonist PK11195 in rat mammary tumor cells

This study aims to establish the antiproliferative effects of PK11195, a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (PBR) in rat mammary tumor cells. Breast tumors were induced by administration of a carcinogen, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to 50-day-old female rats maintained on a standard AIN-76A diet with casein as the protein source. The tumors were developed approximately after 120 days. The tumors were of grade I (20%), grade II (60%), and grade III (20%). The tumors were isolated and cultured in DMEM/F12 media with supplements. We characterized the properties of the isolated cells and study the effect of PK11195 on those cells. We were successful in growing breast tumor cells up to 30 passages for cellular characterization. These cells had high reactivity with Ki-67 and PCNA antibodies suggesting high proliferation rate. These cells were highly invasive as evident by matrigel invading ability. Furthermore, these cells acquired a positive response for CD-31 and VEGF antibodies suggesting angiogenic potential, and also possessed migrating ability/motility as evident by the wound healing properties. These cells expressed elevated levels of PBR, a cancer promoting gene. The proliferation, invasion and migration appear to decrease when treated with PK11195, a PBR antagonist. Furthermore, PK11195 treatment caused an increase in apoptosis as evident by increase in the levels of annexin V. However, the inhibition of cell proliferation by PK11195 was counteracted by Ro5-4864, a PBR agonist. Thus, PBR antagonist may be a potential therapeutic agent for the control of aggressiveness of breast cancer.
The major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-binding protein p88 is the product of the calnexin gene.

Abstract A 90-kDa phosphoprotein (p90) of the endoplasmic reticulum was identified by a monoclonal antibody generated against human hepatoma cells. Pulse-chase experiments with [32P]phosphate and [35S]methionine demonstrated that p90 formed both stable and transient complexes with other cellular proteins, suggesting its role as a molecular chaperone. This protein associates with heavy chains of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins, suggesting that it is the human homolog of the recently described 88-kDa protein that transiently associates with murine class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum. The p90 protein also associates in B lymphocytes with membrane immunoglobulin mu heavy chains and may serve as a chaperone for many membrane-bound polypeptides. A partial human p90 cDNA was cloned from a lambda gt11 expression library and identified as the human homolog of calnexin, a major canine calcium-binding protein found to be associated with the signal-sequence receptor in endoplasmic reticulum membranes.
Quantitative textural analysis of ilmenite in Apollo 17 high-titanium mare basalts

Abstract Quantitative textural analysis is a powerful tool in the investigation of basalt crystallization. We present the first comprehensive crystal size distribution analysis of Apollo 17 high-titanium lunar basalts, with a focus on ilmenite. Crystal size distributions of ilmenite, pyroxene, plagioclase, olivine and armalcolite were determined for 18 high-Ti mare basalt samples from the Apollo 17 mission. A subset of the ilmenite size distribution (size bins of
A comparison of two flash-card methods for improving sight-word reading.

Flash cards have been shown to be useful for teaching sight-word reading. To date, the most effective flash-card instruction method is incremental rehearsal (IR). This method involves the instructor interspersing unknown stimulus items into the presentation of known stimulus items. In this study, we compared IR to a modified IR procedure—strategic incremental rehearsal (SIR)—to determine whether the effects of IR might be improved by incorporating variables likely to increase word acquisition. These included increased opportunities to respond to unknown stimuli, using learner responding as a basis for changing instructional items, and systematic prompting methods. An A-B-A-B design was used to compare the effects of IR and SIR for increasing sight-word reading with 4 elementary school students. Results indicated that students read more words correctly with SIR than with IR. In addition, similar patterns of responding were seen at a 2-week follow-up.
Quartz-crystal microbalance and spectrophotometric assessments of inter-core and inter-shell reactivities in nanoparticle thin film formation and growth

Spontaneous core–shell and shell–shell reactivities of thiolate-capped nanoparticles are exploited for assembling nanoparticle network thin films via an exchange–crosslinking–precipitation route. Gold nanoparticles of two different core sizes (2 and 5 nm) capped with decanethiolates and alkylthiols of two different functionalities, 1,9-nonanedithiol (NDT) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acids (MUA), were studied as the assembly components. The film formation and growth involve inter-core covalent Au–thiolate bonding at both ends of NDT, or inter-shell non-covalent hydrogen-bonding at carboxylic acid terminals of MUA shells. The present work focuses on a kinetic assessment of the controlling factors based on UV-Visible spectrophotometric and quartz-crystal microbalance measurements. These measurements probe the evolution of the surface plasmon resonance band of nanoparticles and monitor the mass loading of the assembled films, respectively. Both qualitative and quantitative insights have been obtained for understanding the dependences of exchange, nucleation and crystallization processes on core size and shell structure. The implication of the results for designing nanostructured assemblies using core–shell nanoparticles as building blocks is discussed in terms of binding site, core size and shell structure.
Improving the Effectiveness of Stuttering Intervention: The Journey Continues

This article explores a number of roads on the journey to improving stuttering intervention effectiveness. Roads discussed on this journey include: (1) revisiting the research-clinic paradigm; (2) improving definitions and descriptions of stuttering through standardized measurements, norms, and categorization; (3) developing and describing prognostic profiles; (4) documenting outcomes through improved designs and clinician preparation; (5) recognizing the merits and potential pitfalls of specialization; (6) embracing a global community, and (7) investing in future researchers and clinicians committed to improving treatment effectiveness.
Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants: Age, Race, Gender, and Educational Attainment Patterns

Illegal stimulant use has increased for several years in the U.S., particularly prescription stimulants prescribed for Attention Deficit Disorder. The propensity for youths to use medications sans prescription or to overuse for a ‘high’ has increased. This study analyzed data from the 2009 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Of interest were age, race, and gender use rates, pointing to higher use among Whites and 18–25 year olds. Analysis of Adderall© and Ritalin© (and other methylphenidate) use indicated more Whites and persons aged 26–34 years have used stimulants non-medically than other age and racial groups. Ritalin© and other methylphenidates were misused at higher rates than Adderall©.
A Content Comparison of Daily Newspapers In the El Paso-Juárez Circulation Area

As Maxwell McCombs (1988:125) has pointed out, monopolies in the newspaper publishing business "have become the modal situation across North America. The disappearance of competition and the emergence of monopolies in all but a handful of markets is the culmination of an economic trend set in motion well over a half century ago." This study was undertaken to investigate McCombs' (1988) assertion that "the sociology of news literature collectively creates the expectation that newspapers competing in the same geographic and demographic market will produce highly similar products." Probably McCombs wasn't thinking about a market extending across an international boundary, but this study does afford the opportunity to begin investigating whether or not international geographic differences within a single market have an effect on newspaper market competition. In particular, the following hypotheses will be examined: 1. the two Juarez newspapers will be similar in content, 2. the two El Paso newspapers will be similar in content, and 3. the content emphasis of the two newspapers in El Paso will be different from the content emphasis of the two newspapers in Mexico.
Improving Criminal Justice through Better Decision Making: Lessons from the Medical System

Abstract Against a backdrop of unprecedented growth in the criminal justice system stand calls for increased government accountability, yet substantial gaps between ideal and actual practice remain. Many observers have pointed to the problem and some of its causes and solutions, including the need for performance monitoring and evidence-based practices. Less attention has been paid to how decision-making errors influence effective criminal justice practice. This article draws on examples from medicine, where decision making has been examined in more depth, and applies them to criminal justice. Its goals are to identify the types of decision-making errors that can undermine effective practice and policy in the criminal justice system, illustrate how systemic factors influence everyday decision making, and draw attention to the benefits of decision making-focused monitoring and assessment. The article concludes by discussing the implications for performance monitoring and improving the criminal justice system.