cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flocculation Kinetics and Cluster Morphology in Illite/NaCl Suspensions.

Abstract Using static and dynamic light-scattering techniques, we investigated the flocculation of geologic specimen illite and soil illite colloids suspended in NaCl solution at pH 8. Our results show that the two universality classes proposed by Lin and co-workers to characterize the diffusion and reaction-limited regimes of cluster–cluster flocculation do not apply to illite colloids, which have nonspherical morphology. Static light-scattering measurements yielded mass fractal dimensions for the soil illite clusters that were significantly above those required by universality. Those for specimen illite were influenced by the initial colloid concentration, suggesting that cluster restructuring had occurred during flocculation. Dynamic light-scattering measurements revealed a significant departure from linear growth of the mean cluster size with time, as required by universality in the diffusion-limited regime, and, for specimen illite, an oscillatory dependence of the mean cluster radius on time was observed in the transition from diffusion-limited to reaction-limited flocculation. Overall, the morphology, interactions, and restructuring of primary particles are believed to be responsible for the departure from universality in the flocculation behavior of the illite colloids.
Reservoir Limnology: Ecological Perspectives

(1992). Reservoir Limnology: Ecological Perspectives. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 696-698.
Pax3-Expressing Trigeminal Placode Cells Can Localize to Trunk Neural Crest Sites but Are Committed to a Cutaneous Sensory Neuron Fate

The cutaneous sensory neurons of the ophthalmic lobe of the trigeminal ganglion are derived from two embryonic cell populations, the neural crest and the paired ophthalmic trigeminal (opV) placodes. Pax3 is the earliest known marker of opV placode ectoderm in the chick. Pax3 is also expressed transiently by neural crest cells as they emigrate from the neural tube, and it is reexpressed in neural crest cells as they condense to form dorsal root ganglia and certain cranial ganglia, including the trigeminal ganglion. Here, we examined whether Pax3+ opV placode-derived cells behave like Pax3+ neural crest cells when they are grafted into the trunk. Pax3+ quail opV ectoderm cells associate with host neural crest migratory streams and form Pax3+ neurons that populate the dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia and several ectopic sites, including the ventral root. Pax3 expression is subsequently downregulated, and at E8, all opV ectoderm-derived neurons in all locations are large in diameter, and virtually all express TrkB. At least some of these neurons project to the lateral region of the dorsal horn, and peripheral quail neurites are seen in the dermis, suggesting that they are cutaneous sensory neurons. Hence, although they are able to incorporate into neural crest-derived ganglia in the trunk, Pax3+ opV ectoderm cells are committed to forming cutaneous sensory neurons, their normal fate in the trigeminal ganglion. In contrast, Pax3 is not expressed in neural crest-derived neurons in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia at any stage, suggesting either that Pax3 is expressed in glial cells or that it is completely downregulated before neuronal differentiation. Since Pax3 is maintained in opV placode-derived neurons for some considerable time after neuronal differentiation, these data suggest that Pax3 may play different roles in opV placode cells and neural crest cells.
Superluminal expansion of quasar 3C273

Maps of the radio structure of 3C273 show directly that it expanded with an apparent velocity 10 times the speed of light from mid-1977 to at least mid-1980.
THE DETERMINATION OF FLUORINE IN RARE EARTH FLUORIDES BY HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROLYSIS

The technique of pyrohydrolysis has been applied to the determination of fluorine in the fluorides of scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanons. These fluorides have been divided into two classes according to their rate of hydrolysls. Lutetium, ytterbium, cerium (III), scandium. gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, and thulium auorides can be hydrolyzed in 30 min or less. Yttrium. lanthanum, praseodymium. neodymlum, samarium, and europium fluorides require from 45 to 150 min for complete hydrolysis. Accelerators, such as uranium oxide (U/sub 3/C/sub 8/), chromium(UI) oxide. and a mixture of these oxides have been used successfully to reduce the time required for quantitative hydrolysis of the fluorides in the latter group. The use of the correct accelerator reduces the hydrolysis time to 30 min or less for all these fluorides except lanthanum, praseodymium, and neodymium. (auth)
A disposable curette for periosteal removal.

The Acu-Dispo-Curette can function as an excellent disposable periosteal elevator for use in Mohs micro-graphic surgery.
Understanding the Meanings Behind Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Are We Missing the Boat?

Despite the fact that adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has garnered a good deal of attention in the recent clinical and empirical literature, our conceptualization of this behavior continues to rely on an individualistic framework. Expanding the current theoretical model to include perspectives that focus on social context and constructed meaning is necessary, especially given the importance that the peer group and social context have for this age group. This paper proposes a theoretical framework that combines Symbolic Interactionism with Social Learning Theory in an effort to broaden our understanding of NSSI among adolescents. Implications and recommendations for social work practice are then discussed.
How neurologists think: A cognitive psychology perspective on missed diagnoses

Physicians use heuristics or shortcuts in their decision making to help them sort through complex clinical information and formulate diagnoses efficiently. Practice would come to a halt without them. However, there are pitfalls to the use of certain heuristics, the same ones to which humans are prone in everyday life. It may be possible to improve clinical decision making through techniques that minimize biases inherent in heuristics. Five common clinical heuristics or other sources of cognitive error are illustrated through neurological cases with missed diagnoses, and literature from cognitive psychology and medicine are presented to support the occurrence of these errors in diagnostic reasoning as general phenomena. Articulation of the errors inherent in certain common heuristics alerts clinicians to their weaknesses as diagnosticians and should be beneficial to practice. Analysis of cases with missed diagnoses in teaching conferences might proceed along formal lines that identify the type of heuristic used and of inherent potential cognitive errors. Addressing these cognitive errors by becoming conscious of them is a useful tool in neurologic education and should facilitate a career-long process of continuous selfimprovement. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:425– 433
INJECTION SYSTEM DESIGNED FOR ONLINE CURIE POINT PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY USING HIGH-RESOLUTION CAPILLARY COLUMNS

Abstract A splitless inlet system for Curie point pyrolysis—capillary gas chromatography has been devised that delivers the entire pyrolyzed sample in a manner that will not affect column efficiency. A narrow-bore tapered glass liner that minimizes tailing and facilitates rapid sample introduction was used. The effect of inlet performance on column resolution was evaluated by volatilizing anthracene using Curie point heating and analyzing the peak width. The effects of heating time and column temperature on peak width were experimentally determined. This information was used to approximate the residence time of the sample within the inlet, neglecting the effects of longitudinal diffusion. The residence time was calculated to be less than 0.14 ± 0.10 s for 1 s heating time. Heating times beyond 2 s had no additional contribution to peak width. The effect of the tapered inlet on tailing was evaluated by injecting equal volumes of acetone with a syringe on a straight and tapered inlet of equal dimensions. The tapered design was found to reduce tailing as compared to the straight design. Polystyrene was also pyrolyzed to demonstrate the qualitative reproducibility characteristic of this inlet. Five replicate experiments were performed and the chromatograms of polystyrene exhibited a high degree of qualitative reproducibility. Quantitative reproducibility of the pyrolysis was evaluated with relative areas of five polystyrene fragment peaks from five replicate runs. The relative standard deviation was less than 6% for five peaks.
Effect of aluminium addition on TiN hot-press sintering

The effect of Al as a sintering additive to TiN was investigated and mechanical properties such as flexural strength and Vickers hardness were studied.
The amplitude of the resting-state fMRI global signal is related to EEG vigilance measures

In resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional connectivity measures can be influenced by the presence of a strong global component. A widely used pre-processing method for reducing the contribution of this component is global signal regression, in which a global mean time series signal is projected out of the fMRI time series data prior to the computation of connectivity measures. However, the use of global signal regression is controversial because the method can bias the correlation values to have an approximately zero mean and may in some instances create artifactual negative correlations. In addition, while many studies treat the global signal as a non-neural confound that needs to be removed, evidence from electrophysiological and fMRI measures in primates suggests that the global signal may contain significant neural correlates. In this study, we used simultaneously acquired fMRI and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of resting-state activity to assess the relation between the fMRI global signal and EEG measures of vigilance in humans. We found that the amplitude of the global signal (defined as the standard deviation of the global signal) exhibited a significant negative correlation with EEG vigilance across subjects studied in the eyes-closed condition. In addition, increases in EEG vigilance due to the ingestion of caffeine were significantly associated with both a decrease in global signal amplitude and an increase in the average level of anti-correlation between the default mode network and the task-positive network.
A Philosopher looks at assisted reproduction

The article first examines the various objections to IVF: religious, health and safety, and feminist. It is argued that none of these objections provides good reasons for banning IVF, though certain controls and procedures to protect individuals from harm and exploitation may be appropriate. Next, the article critiques John Robertson's strong conception of procreative liberty, which entails a right to be a surrogate mother or serve as a sperm donor. Robertson's interpretation misconceives the nature and value of the right to reproduce. The right to reproduce is best interpreted as a right to have one's own children to rear. Where there is no intent or ability to rear, there is no fundamental moral right to reproduce. However, since assisted reproduction is used to enable individuals to have their own children to rear, it should be available to infertile individuals who cannot otherwise reproduce.
Method for ultra-trace cesium isotope ratio measurements from environmental samples using thermal ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract 135Cs/137Cs isotope ratios can provide the age, origin and history of environmental Cs contamination. Relatively high precision 135Cs/137Cs isotope ratio measurements from samples containing femtogram quantities of 137Cs are needed to accurately track contamination resuspension and redistribution following environmental 137Cs releases; however, mass spectrometric analyses of environmental samples are limited by the large quantities of ionization inhibitors and isobaric interferences which are present at relatively high concentrations in the environment. We report a new approach for Cs purification from environmental samples. An initial ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) column provides a robust, selective method for extracting Cs under a wide variety of sample matrices and mass loads. Application of a novel cation exchange separation approach using AMP-PAN results in more than two orders of magnitude greater Cs/Rb separation factors than commercially available strong cation exchangers. Final sample purification using a microcation column (AG50W resin) enables consistent 2–4% (2σ) measurement errors for samples containing 3–6000 fg 137Cs, representing the highest precision 135Cs/137Cs ratio measurements currently reported for soil samples at the femtogram level.
Surface-step-induced magnetic anisotropy in thin epitaxial Fe films on W(001)

Ultrathin epitaxial Fe films grown on W(001) surfaces prepared to yield uniform 25-\AA{}-wide terraces are shown to exhibit layer-dependent in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy having an easy axis perpendicular to the steps. Hysteresis loops measured by magneto-optical techniques when steps are aligned parallel to the applied field H manifest the flip of magnetization that occurs near H=0. The absence of magneto-optic effects for films less than or equal to one monolayer thick is consistent with recent Iab initioR calculations that predict significant moment reduction resulting from strong film-substrate hybridization.
Efficient piecewise-linear function approximation using the uniform metric

We given anO(n logn)-time method for finding a bestk-link piecewise-linear function approximating ann-point planar point set using the well-known uniform metric to measure the error, ??0, of the approximation. Our methods is based upon new characterizations of such functions, which we exploit to design an efficient algorithm using a plane sweep in "? space" followed by several applications of the parametric-searching technique. The previous best running time for this problems wasO(n2).
A Comparison of Computational Methods and Algorithms for the Complex Gamma Function

A survey and comparison of some computational methods and algorithms for gamma and log-gamma functions of complex arguments are presented. Methods and algorithms reported include Chebyshev approximations, Pade expansion and Stirling's asymptotic series. The comparison leads to the conclusion that Algorithm 421 published in the Communications of ACM by H. Kuki is the best program either for individual application or for the inclusion in subroutine libraries.
A SEDIMENTABLE COMPONENT OF ALLANTOIC FLUID AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO INFLUENZA VIRUSES.

Macromolecular material was isolated from normal allantoic fluid by a centrifugation procedure comparable to that currently employed for the concentration and purification of influenza viruses. The yield of material was found to vary with the age of the embryo, reaching a maximum average value after 14 days of incubation at 39°C. of about 0.02 mg. per ml. of allantoic fluid. The purified material was found to contain protein, carbohydrate, and lipid and to have a general composition similar to purified preparations of PR8 influenza virus. A typical preparation of normal material had an isoelectric point at pH 2.3. Sedimentation studies indicated that the normal material can give a variety of sedimentation constants depending upon the concentration and viscosity of the preparations. The sedimentation constant, corrected for viscosity, of the major component of a fresh preparation was 170 S. The diameters of the predominant particles shown in electron micrographs of the normal material and of preparations of PR8 influenza virus were about 40 and 100 mµ, respectively. Serological tests indicated that the normal material is a good antigen and that preparations of both A and B types of influenza virus obtained from allantoic fluids by centrifugation show a strong serological relationship to the normal material. Freezing and thawing of allantoic fluid, and repeated adsorption of virus on red cells, failed to provide a practical basis for the separation of normal protein from the virus entity in the case of PR8 virus. In the cases of similar preparations of F12 and of Lee viruses, a partial separation of a small component was accomplished by fractional centrifugation and this component and the normal protein were shown to be identical or very closely related. Antiserum to the purified normal material inhibited red cell agglutination by A and B types of influenza virus at serum dilutions of 600 to 700, but failed to show significant neutralizing capacity in chick embryo and in mouse tests at a serum dilution of 100. Rabbit antiserum to purified preparations of PR8 virus gave a 50 per cent red cell agglutination inhibition endpoint at a serum dilution of 112,000. Some of the implications of the findings are discussed.
Lucigenin (Bis-N-methylacridinium) as a Mediator of Superoxide Anion Production

Lucigenin (bis-N-methylacridinium) (Luc2+) has frequently been used for the luminescent detection of O2-. In fact, the pathway leading to this luminescence requires univalent reduction of Luc2+ to LucH.+ followed by formation of an unstable dioxetane by reaction of LucH.+ with O2-. It is now shown that LucH.+ rapidly autooxidizes and so produces O2-. Luc2+ can thus mediate O2- production in systems, such as glucose plus glucose oxidase, in which there is ordinarily no O2- production. Luc2+ luminescence can thus be used as the basis for assaying superoxide dismutase activity but should not be used for measuring, or even detecting, O2-.
DNA topoisomerase I--targeted chemotherapy of human colon cancer in xenografts

Drug development is needed to improve chemotherapy of patients with locally advanced or metastatic colon carcinoma, who otherwise have an unfavorable prognosis. DNA topoisomerase I, a nuclear enzyme important for solving topological problems arising during DNA replication and for other cellular functions, has been identified as a principal target of a plant alkaloid 20(S)-camptothecin. Significantly increased concentrations of this enzyme, compared to that in normal colonic mucosa, were found in advanced stages of human colon adenocarcinoma and in xenografts of colon cancer carried by immunodeficient mice. Several synthetic analogs of camptothecin, selected by tests with the purified enzyme and tissue-culture screens, were evaluated in the xenograft model. Unlike other anticancer drugs tested, 20(RS)-9-amino-camptothecin (9-AC) induced disease-free remissions. The overall drug toxicity was low and allowed for repeated courses of treatment.
Free erythrocyte porphyrins in cord blood

Red cell free erythrocyte porphyrin determinations were performed on cord blood specimens from 236 term infants and on capillary blood specimens from 63 preterm infants weighing less than 1,500 gm, during the first week of life. These results were contrasted with those obtained from 398 normal infants and children ages 1 to 6 years. The mean FEP value for the infants was significantly higher than that observed in the normal control subjects. In 10.5% of the term infants and 15.9% of the preterm infants, values in excess of 120 μg/dl RBCs, the highest value recorded in the normal subjects, were observed. Elevations in FEP values were not related to either blood lead concentration or hematocrit levels in the infants. Infants with elevated FEP values were found to have lower serum iron and transferrin saturation values than did infants with low FEP values. These findings suggest that elevations in cord blood FEP values may indicate a state of relative iron deficiency present at birth.
Ion current surfaces for a tandem double-focussing mass spectrometer with a floatable gas collision cell

Abstract The nature of extraneous artifact peaks, observed when operating a tandem double-focussing mass spectrometer with an electrically floated gas collision cell, is examined. Experiments confirm the theoretical prediction that these artifacts are due to fragmentations occurring within the electric sector. This finding permits a suggested solution to the problem.
In Situ Size Distribution of Suspended Particles in the Fraser River

Size distributions of suspended sediment particles under low flow conditions in the Fraser River were measured using a submersible laser instrument. By comparing the in situ size distribution measured using this instrument with the size distribution of primary particles (measured by collecting sediment samples and analyzing them for size distribution after dispersing the particles by ultrasonic vibration), it was concluded that suspended sediment particles in the Fraser River downstream of pulp mill effluent outfalls are transported as agglomerations of particles (flocs) rather than as individual particles. Flocculation of river sediments in estuaries has been investigated in earlier studies, which show that saltwater intrusion contributes to the flocculation mechanism. Freshwater flocculation, such as the one observed in the present study, also has been reported in the literature, and it is attributed to the presence of organic materials and other contaminants from industrial and sewage treatment plant effluents. This paper describes the details of the submersible laser instrument and its use in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada.
Diagnosis and treatment of eye infections

Abstract Ocular and periocular infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Most of the infections involving the skin, eyelids, and conjunctiva can be managed by primary caregivers. In order to treat these infections, the primary caregiver should be familiar with the more common infections involving the eye and periocular structures, their etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, and available treatment modalities. Ophthalmology consultation should be obtained when there is no clinical improvement with treatment, if an inflammatory or infectious process is severe enough to potentially lead to loss of vision or permanent damage to the eye and adjacent structures, or if an intraocular process is thought to be present.
Uranium reduction and resistance to reoxidation under iron-reducing and sulfate-reducing conditions

Oxidation and mobilization of microbially-generated U(IV) is of great concern for in situ uranium bioremediation. This study investigated the reoxidation of uranium by oxygen and nitrate in a sulfate-reducing enrichment and an iron-reducing enrichment derived from sediment and groundwater from the Field Research Center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Both enrichments were capable of reducing U(VI) rapidly. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries of the two enrichments revealed that Desulfovibrio spp. are dominant in the sulfate-reducing enrichment, and Clostridium spp. are dominant in the iron-reducing enrichment. In both the sulfate-reducing enrichment and the iron-reducing enrichment, oxygen reoxidized the previously reduced uranium but to a lesser extent in the iron-reducing enrichment. Moreover, in the iron-reducing enrichment, the reoxidized U(VI) was eventually re-reduced to its previous level. In both, the sulfate-reducing enrichment and the iron-reducing enrichment, uranium reoxidation did not occur in the presence of nitrate. The results indicate that the Clostridium-dominated iron-reducing communities created conditions that were more favorable for uranium stability with respect to reoxidation despite the fact that fewer electron equivalents were added to these systems. The likely reason is that more of the added electrons are present in a form that can reduce oxygen to water and U(VI) back to U(IV).
The antihypertensive effect of U-0521 (3',4'-dihydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone).

Abstract The synthetic catechol, U-0521, (3′,4′-dihydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone) is a competitive inhibitor of both tyrosine hydroxylase and catechol-O-methyltransferase. Continuous subcutaneous administration of 10 μmoles per day of U-0521 via Alzet osmotic minipumps to adult male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) reduced blood pressure from 160 mmHg to 125 mmHg. This effect occurred within two days, persisted for the two weeks that the pumps were in place, and reversed gradually upon cessation of U-0521 administration. Similar treatment of U-0521 to normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) did not result in a similar hypotentensive effect. Subcutaneous administration of the same dose to juvenile SHRs led to a blockade in the expression of hypertension. After the five week treatment period, the blood pressure of the U-0521 treated animals escalated rapidly to match the saline treated controls. The antihypertensive effect of U-0521 on SHRs also occured when the compound was delivered by the oral route at the rate of 50 mg/kg/day.
Growth of CdSe single crystals by temperature gradient solution zoning in excess Se

Abstract CdSe single crystals have been grown from Se solutions by temperature gradient solution zoning at 1050–1100°C, well below the melting point of 1239°C. As-grown crystals are highly transparent in the infrared and contain no detectable Se inclusions. Besides its experimental simplicity, this technique presents the possibility of improving crystal purity due to the lower growth temperature.
Predictive coding using noncausal models

A novel image compression algorithm is presented. The algorithm combines the recursive processing characteristic of predictive coding with the use of a noncausal image model. Experimental results demonstrate the high quality of the reconstructed image at a low bit rate (0.375 bit/pixel). This contrasts with the significant loss of detail and blocking artifacts introduced by a JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) type DCT (discrete cosine transform) method at the same bit rate. >
Microbial reduction of iron in smectite

Bacteria-mediated changes in the oxidation state of iron in soil clay minerals play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of soils and sediments. As structural Fe(III) in the octahedral sheet of smectites is reduced to Fe(II) by bacteria, specific surface area decreases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) increases, swelling in water decreases, reactivity with organic chemicals and pesticides increases, and the potential for mineral dissolution and transformation increases. Changes in clay mineral structure due to bacterial reduction is, however, small. Because of the large potential for the redox state of soil minerals to change with natural environmental conditions, the chemical properties of the soil must be regarded as constantly changing. The resulting dynamic nature of soil behavior must be taken into account in management strategies to maximize soil fertility and structural performance. To cite this article: J.W. Stucki, J.E. Kostka, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).
Heterogeneity of human lymphocyte subpopulations to pharmacologic stimulation: I. Lymphocyte responsiveness to beta adrenergic agents

Abstract Measurement of lymphocyte cyclic 3′5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) has been used in man to study the potential beta adrenergic defect in asthma. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of heterogeneity of beta adrenergic response with the use of the E rosette technique for thymic-derived (T) lymphocytes to compare a rosette-forming cell (RFC)-rich T cell population with a RFC-depleted (predominately bursal derived B lymphocyte) population. Lymphocytes were isolated and categorized into 4 populations: whole (unseparated) lymphocytes, RFC-rich, and RFC-depleted populations and a recombination population consisting of E-rosetting cells (T lymphocytes) + immunofluorescent-staining cells (primarily B lymphocytes) recombined in their initial proportion in the whole population. Kinetics and dose responses of isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP were evaluated for each population. Maximal responses for all populations except the RFC-depleted population occurred at 5 and 12 min; the RFC-depleted population showed equal response at all incubation periods. Significant differences (p −5 M (377% compared with 74% above baseline), 10 −4 M (347% compared with 56%), and 10 −3 M (400% compared with 80%) isoproterenol. No consistent differences were found between the whole and recombination populations at any dose of isoproterenol, suggesting no marked effect of the separation procedure itself. Propranolol at 1 × 10 −4 M inhibited the isoproterenol stimulation of each population. The use of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor did not change the differences observed between RFC-rich and -depleted populations. These data suggest that striking heterogeneity of beta adrenergic responses exist between T lymphocytes and a B cell-enriched lymphocyte population. Studies evaluating beta adrenergic function in man must consider the suitability of this cell type because of the heterogeneity of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations.
The Use of Diazepam Per Rectum at Home for the Acute Management of Cluster Seizures in Dogs

The use of diazepam per rectum (RDZ) in the home to control generalized cluster seizures in 11 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy was evaluated over a 16-month period. All dogs had a prior history of clusters of generalized seizures and were treated with multiple antiepileptic drugs. Owners were instructed to administer diazepam injectable solution (5 mg/mL) per rectum to their dogs at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg when an initial generalized seizure occurred and when a second or third generalized seizure occurred within 24 hours of the first seizure. Seizure activity was recorded by owners in a daily log before the onset of RDZ use and for the duration of RDZ use, which ranged from 57 to 464 days (median = 157 days). The median age at which the first seizure occurred and the median age at the time of enrollment in the study were 19 and 42 months, respectively. All 11 dogs were treated with phenobarbital, with 10 dogs receiving concomitant bromide therapy. No significant correlation between the duration of the first, second, or third antiepileptic drug therapy and the change in the number of cluster seizure events before or after use of RDZ was found. Comparisons of seizure activity were done for the same time interval before and after the onset of RDZ availability. A significant decrease in the total number of seizure events and the total number of cluster seizures events was found after RDZ availability. Similarly, a significant difference in the average number of seizures per cluster seizure event and the total number of isolated seizure events occurred before and after RDZ therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Short-term infarct vessel patency with aspirin and dipyridarnole started 24 to 36 hours after intravenous streptokinase

The duration of intravenous heparin therapy required to maintain patency of the infarct-related artery after intravenous streptokinase is uncertain. Twenty-eight patients were prospectively treated with 1.5 million units of intravenous streptokinase within 4 hours of onset of chest pain. Intravenous heparin was begun after the streptokinase infusion was complete and was discontinued within 36 hours. Aspirin, 325 mg daily, and dipyridamole, 75 mg three times a day, was begun before the heparin was discontinued. Coronary angiography was performed both at 2 hours after completion of the streptokinase infusion and again at a mean of 8.7 (+/- 3.2) days after the initial catheterization. One patient died after treatment with streptokinase but before early angiography. In 21 of 27 patients (78%), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial (TIMI) grade 2 or 3 perfusion in the infarct vessel was observed on initial angiography. Repeat angiograms were available in 17 of the 21 patients with initially patent vessels. Continued patency (TIMI grade 2 or 3) was found in 15 of the 17 patients (88%). Two of the four patients who did not undergo repeat angiography died, and the remaining two patients required coronary artery bypass grafting for unstable angina. Bleeding complications occurred in 6 of 27 patients (22%), with two (7%) requiring surgical evacuation of a groin hematoma. There were no instances of intracerebral bleeding and only two patients required transfusions. Thus, the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole following 36 hours of systemic heparinization after intravenous streptokinase infusion is associated with a reocclusion rate comparable to that which has been reported for more prolonged systemic anticoagulation with fewer hemorrhagic complications.
Utilization of a screening tool to identify homebound older adults at risk for falls: validity and reliability.

ABSTRACT Purpose. This study examined the reliability and validity of a Falls Risk Assessment (FRA) tool developed to identify risk factors associated with falls in homebound older adults. Design and Methods. FRA scores of 307 Medicare-eligible adults over 65 admitted sequentially to a home health agency (HHA) were analyzed retrospectively using a case-control design. A total of 18 subjects participated prospectively in assessment of criterion-related validity and rater reliability. Results. Mean FRA scores of fallers were significantly higher than non-fallers (10.13, 7.2, respectively; p < 0.05). The FRA and Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) demonstrated a strong negative correlation (r = −0.74), utilizing a Pearson correlation. Using percent agreement, FRA scores of nine raters yielded 94.74% agreement. Kuder-Richardson (KR)-20 analysis yielded internal consistency of 0.98, 0.97, and 0.98 within subjects scored, indicating high consistency among raters. An intraclass correlation coefficien...
Syndecan-1 Expression in Epithelial Cells Is Induced by Transforming Growth Factor β through a PKA-dependent Pathway

Syndecans comprise a major family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Syndecans bind and modulate a wide variety of biological molecules through their heparan sulfate (HS) moiety. Although all syndecans contain the ligand binding HS chains, they likely perform specific functions in vivo because their temporal and spatial expression patterns are different. However, how syndecan expression is regulated has yet to be clearly defined. In this study, we examined how syndecan-1 expression is regulated in epithelial cells. Our results showed that among several bioactive agents tested, only forskolin and three isoforms of TGFβ (TGFβ1-TGFβ3) significantly induced syndecan-1, but not syndecan-4, expression on various epithelial cells. Steady-state syndecan-1 mRNA was not increased by TGFβ treatment and cycloheximide did not inhibit syndecan-1 induction by TGFβ, indicating that TGFβ induces syndecan-1 in a post-translational manner. However, TGFβ induction of syndecan-1 was inhibited by transient expression of a dominant-negative construct of protein kinase A (PKA) and by specific inhibitors of PKA. Further (i) syndecan-1 cytoplasmic domains were Ser-phosphorylated when cells were treated with TGFβ and this was inhibited by a PKA inhibitor, (ii) PKA was co-immunoprecipitated from cell lysates by anti-syndecan-1 antibodies, (iii) PKA phosphorylated recombinant syndecan-1 cytoplasmic domains in vitro, and (iv) expression of a syndecan-1 construct with its invariant Ser286 replaced with a Gly was not induced by TGFβ. Together, these findings define a regulatory mechanism where TGFβ signals through PKA to phosphorylate the syndecan-1 cytoplasmic domain and increases syndecan-1 expression on epithelial cells.
Quantitative cartilage degeneration associated with spontaneous osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model

PURPOSE To determine (i) the feasibility and intra- and inter- scan reproducibility of T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing cartilage degeneration in a guinea pig model with naturally occurring joint disease that closely mimics human osteoarthritis (OA), (ii) demonstrate the sensitivity of T1ρ MRI in assessing the age dependent cartilage degeneration in OA progression as compared to histopathological changes.
Applied Research for People

All my research was conducted at the request of American Indian reservations, individuals, or their attorneys. Reports and results went to them and were published with their approval. Due to potential legal use, all work had to be double checked; ethnographic interviews with many elders were cross checked. To be a credible witness in court and before various agencies, I was never an "advocate" but rather a "witness." I made it plain to all that I might at times make statements they did not like but that I could neither stretch nor ignore the records. I could not ignore unpleasant data but must accurately account for all. I must be able to prove my statements for legal purposes, a much more demanding task than theoretical research. Further, as factionalism (really their own political parties) was always present, I made clear to all that I did not work for any faction, but rather to clarify the records and hopefully help resolve problems. As a result of these methods, theoretical breakthroughs have developed.
Field ion microscopy of silicon

Abstract The 〈111〉 oriented silicon whiskers were investigated using field ion microscopy (FIM) and atom-probe FIM. We studied a strong effect of light illumination on the field ion image. By illuminating the emitter surface with infrared light, the image quality is improved markedly. We show that this observation is likely to result from the increase of the surface electric field provided by the sharp resistivity drop at the surface oxide layer through photoconductivity effect. Another interesting finding is the anomalous field evaporation of a silicon tip in vacuum. Surface Si atoms evaporate randomly forming clusters of Si atoms instead of evaporating one by one from the surface kink sites. We conclude that this is due to the unique bonding geometry of the tetrahedral crystal structure and due to the field penetration in the near-surface bulk.
Comparative Effects of Two Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors, Hexaflumuron and Lufenuron, in a Bait Matrix Against Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Lethality, molting inhibitory effects, and feeding deterrence of 2 chitin synthesis inhibitors, hexaflumuron and lufenuron, were studied in a laboratory choice test using wood sawdust as feeding medium. Feeding deterrence of hexaflumuron in sawdust medium was lower than that observed in a previous study in which hexaflumuron-impregnated wooden blocks were used. The concentration threshold of hexaflumuron for feeding deterrence is high [>8,000 ppm for Coptotemes formosanus Shiraki, and >4,000 ppm for Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)], whereas ≈100% mortality was recorded 9 wk after exposure even at the lowest concentrations tested (125 ppm for C. formosanus and 31.3 ppm for R. flavipes ). Feeding deterrence of lufenuron was observed at lower concentration intervals (1,000-2,000 ppm and 50-100 ppm for C. formosanus and R. flavipes , respectively) than hexaflumuron, but baits treated with the nondeterrent concentrations of lufenuron caused only 50-80% mortality. even after 9 wk of exposure. The overall potential of lufenuron as a bait toxicant is less than that of hexaflumuron.
Monte Carlo technique for simulating the evolution of an assembly of particles increasing in number

Abstract We describe an algorithm for simulating the evolution of an assembly of particles which is increasing in number. It is based on the use of the Monte Carlo method and a renormalization procedure which allows the mapping of the growing assembly into another consisting of fewer particles. The results of test calculations are presented and error analysis of the results are included.
Why Jimmy Doesnt Try

Many children who bear the label of “underachiever” undoubtedly do so because of a motivational deficit. This contributing factor is both controllable and changeable.
Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy

Over the past 20 years, laparoscopic colectomy has become a well-established technique in the surgical armamentarium of colorectal operations, with proven reductions in postoperative pain, time to return of bowel function, and length of hospital stay. After early concerns over its oncologic effects, large prospective, multicenter trials have proven its safety in colorectal adenocarcinoma, with equivalence in nodal harvest, recurrence rates, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in particular is a relatively accessible technique which may be performed by a single surgeon and an assistant/camera operator; this operation serves as an excellent method to develop laparoscopic skills for more complicated colorectal procedures. In this article, we describe the technical aspects of our approach to laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, which utilizes a medial-to-lateral, no-touch technique and either an intracorporeal or extracorporeal anastomosis.
The molecular pharmacology of estrogen receptor modulators: Implications for the treatment of breast cancer

In addition to physiologic activities in the reproductive, skeletal, and central nervous systems, estrogens have been shown to play important roles in the aberrant cell proliferation observed in breast and reproductive tract cancers. Not surprisingly, pharmaceuticals that target different steps in the estrogen signal transduction pathway have found widespread use in the treatment of a wide variety of estrogen-linked disorders. The goal of this review is to outline what is known about the molecular pharmacology of the estrogen receptor and discuss how this information can be used to guide selection of drugs for a particular therapeutic application, and identify new targets where pharmaceutical exploitation could yield novel therapeutics.
Collagenolysis in Cultured Tissue: I. Digestion of Mesenteric Fibers by Enzymes from Explanted Gingival Tissue

Collagen fibers of cultured rat mesentery were lysed by an enzyme diffusing from explants of gingival tissue in the same culture. The enzyme was nondialyzable, heat labile, and specific for collagen. Its action was facilitated by heparin, vitamin A, and a product of mast cell granules but was inhibited by cortisone and histamine. Gingival cells in prolonged culture lost the capacity to digest collagen.
Predicting Five Dimensions of Police Officer Stress: Looking More Deeply Into Organizational Settings for Sources of Police Stress:

Research on police officer stress has focused primarily on the rather atypical nature of police work and extent of adherence by law enforcement agencies across the nation to the Weberian bureaucratic form of organization and management practices. This study explores the effect of individual perceptions of work environment on male officer stress. Survey data from two large police departments in the northwestern United States are used in the analysis. The findings observed suggest that the levels of five dimensions of workplace stress are similar to adult males in the U.S. workforce and that an individual's perceptions of their work environment do have a significant impact on police officer stress.
Structural and morphological characterization of ultralente insulin crystals by atomic force microscopy: evidence of hydrophobically driven assembly.

Although x-ray crystal structures exist for many forms of insulin, the hormone involved in glucose metabolism and used in the treatment of diabetes, x-ray structural characterization of therapeutically important long-acting crystalline ultralente insulin forms has been elusive because of small crystal size and poor diffraction characteristics. We describe tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM) studies, performed directly in crystallization liquor, of ultralente crystals prepared from bovine, human, and porcine insulins. Lattice images obtained from direct imaging of crystal planes are consistent with R3 space group symmetry for each insulin type, but the morphology of the human and porcine crystals observed by AFM differs substantially from that of the bovine insulin crystals. Human and porcine ultralente crystals exhibited large, molecularly flat (001) faces consisting of hexagonal arrays of close packed hexamers. In contrast, bovine ultralente crystals predominantly exhibited faces with cylindrical features assignable to close-packed stacks of insulin hexamers laying in-plane, consistent with the packing motif of the (010) and (011) planes. This behavior is attributed to a twofold increase in the hydrophobic character of the upper and lower surfaces of the donut-shaped insulin hexamer in bovine insulin compared to its human and porcine counterparts that results from minor sequence differences between these insulins. The increased hydrophobicity of these surfaces can promote hexamer-hexamer stacking in precrystalline aggregates or enhance attachment of single hexamers along the c axis at the crystal surface during crystal growth. Both events lead to enhanced growth of ?hk0? planes instead of (001). The insulin hexamers on the (010) and (110) faces are exposed "edge-on" to the aqueous medium, such that solvent access to the center of the hexamer and to solvent channels is reduced compared to the (001) surface, consistent with the slower dissolution and reputed unique basal activity of bovine ultralente insulin. These observations demonstrate that subtle variations in amino acid sequence can dramatically affect the interfacial structure of crystalline proteins.
Authorship in Transition: Enthusiasts and Malcontents on Press Freedoms, an Expanding Literary Market, and Vienna's Reading Public

Joseph Richter, a prolific writer of the Viennese Enlightenment, published a satirical dictionary in 1782 called the ABC Book for Big Children. Here, under the heading “men of letters” (Gelehrte), he wrote, “Emperor Augustus brought them to his table. Among the great nobility of our time, they eat out on the steps.” This criticism of insufficient patronage, marginalization, and loss of status seemed to come at an odd time. By 1781, the current Emperor and Habsburg monarch, Joseph II, freed censorship to the extent that Richter's satire could be published; writers sought to live from their works; and Vienna sustained a vibrant intellectual scene among the booksellers, coffee shops, and Freemason lodges. Yet Richter's lamentation reveals a complex reaction to the transition to a more modern, participatory, and even democratic knowledge culture.
"Take One Get One Free": Leveraging P2P Networks for Content Promotion

The nature of digital content is undergoing a radical transformation due to the growing infusion of user-generated content. Users that generate content have a strong motivation to actively promote their content in order to achieve publicity, recognition or to simply spread their viewpoints, knowledge and creations. Existing content sharing mechanisms available to such users, such as in P2P file sharing, are pull-based, relegating the user to a passive role. To enable active participation from users, we propose Promoter, a framework that enhances P2P file sharing systems to support content promotion in addition to the available pull-based content search. Promotion is enabled by publicizing a user's content to peers and disseminating the content by incentivizing peers to download and further propagate it.
Improving home-based providers' communication to primary care providers to enhance care coordination.

Objectives: Health care system fragmentation is a pervasive problem. Research has not delineated concrete behavioral strategies to guide providers to communicate with personnel in other organizations to coordinate care. We addressed this gap within a particular context: home-based providers delivering depression care management (DCM) to older adults requiring coordination with primary care personnel. Our objective was to pilot test a communication protocol (‘BRIDGE – BRinging Inter-Disciplinary Guidelines to Elders’) in conjunction with DCM.Method: In an open pilot trial (N = 7), home-based providers delivered DCM to participants. Following the BRIDGE protocol, home-based providers made scripted telephone calls and sent structured progress reports to personnel in participants’ primary care practices with concise information and requests for assistance. Home-based providers documented visits with participants, contacts to and responses from primary care personnel. A research interviewer assessed participan...