cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stoneley waves, Lopez Island noise, and deep sea noise from 1 to 5 Hz

The Lopez Island OBS Intercomparison Experiment provided a data set of sufficient spatial density to allow study of the propagation of shot-generated Stoneley waves as well as ambient background noise. The Stoneley waves were observed propagating at velocities of 20 to 50 m s-1, Phase velocities were determined by fitting peaks in the frequency wave number spectrum. Group velocities were calculated by narrowly filtering the data and determining the arrival time of the peak in the frequency packet. Particle displacement plots illustrate the surface wave character of these waves. The analysis of the ambient background noise failed to produce a clearly defined dispersion curve yet it did allow bounds to be placed on the phase velocities (20 to 50 m s-1). The data were modeled using eleven layers overlying a half-space. The results indicated that the top 7 m of the sediment column at Lopez Island is best approximated by two zones. In the upper zone there is a fairly rapid change of shear velocity with depth. This zone overlies a region in which the shear velocity gradient is much lower. Deep ocean background noise recorded by University of Washington ocean bottom seismometers was also examined. Although insufficient data precluded any velocity analysis, definite similarities exist between these data and noise data observed at Lopez Island.
Effects of nitrogen mustard on the histochemistry of mouse lymphocytic leukaemia L 1210.

THE possibility of detecting chemical (histochemical) changes prior to discernible morphological changes in leukaemic cells following chemotherapy and the attempt to determine the emergence of cellular resistance to a given chemotherapeutic agent provide the basis of the present work.
Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness

Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances and it has profound effects on sleep and wake function. Laboratory studies have documented its sleep-disruptive effects. It clearly enhances alertness and performance in studies with explicit sleep deprivation, restriction, or circadian sleep schedule reversals. But, under conditions of habitual sleep the evidence indicates that caffeine, rather then enhancing performance, is merely restoring performance degraded by sleepiness. The sleepiness and degraded function may be due to basal sleep insufficiency, circadian sleep schedule reversals, rebound sleepiness, and/or a withdrawal syndrome after the acute, over-night, caffeine discontinuation typical of most studies. Studies have shown that caffeine dependence develops at relatively low daily doses and after short periods of regular daily use. Large sample and population-based studies indicate that regular daily dietary caffeine intake is associated with disturbed sleep and associated daytime sleepiness. Further, children and adolescents, while reporting lower daily, weight-corrected caffeine intake, similarly experience sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness associated with their caffeine use. The risks to sleep and alertness of regular caffeine use are greatly underestimated by both the general population and physicians.
Rolling Contact Testing of Vapor Phase Lubricants—Part IV: Diffusion Mechanisms©

Auger depth profile data, obtained from vapor-lubricated T15 bearing steel, were modeled using the solution for diffusion in a semi-infinite pair. A tertiary-butyl phenyl phosphate was used as the vapor lubricant. The primary species undergoing diffusion are iron and carbon. The objective of the experiment was to determine the order of magnitude of the diffusion coefficient and to qualitatively assess what types of diffusion mechanisms are involved. The experimental results indicate that the diffusion profile travels at a velocity equal to the bearing wear rate under dynamic conditions. This is possible if iron diffusions at a faster rate than carbon, i.e., the Kirkendall effect. Analyses of the data were performed using Darken's equations. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficient of iron is of the order of 1 × 10−14 cm2/s at test temperatures of 370° and 430°C. Diffusion is thought to occur via the migration of iron cations through an anionic lattice of polyphosphate and phosphite, i.e., catio...
467: Clonazepam Plus Levetiracetam (CL) for the Prevention of Busulfan-Induced Seizures: A Single Center Experience

Seizure prophylaxis • Phenytoin is the most commonly used prophylactic anticonvulsant agent • Widely used and effective in both adults and pediatrics • Requires loading dose(s) prior to first busulfan dose and daily maintenance dosing • Serum monitoring available but not required • Inexpensive and widely available medicine • Background • High dose busulfan (> 1 mg/kg) used in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) conditioning regimens causes a decrease in seizure threshold. • Up to 10%of people, without a previous seizure history, will have partial or generalized seizures while receiving busulfan • Patients require seizure prophylaxis when receiving high dose busulfan.
Suspension mechanics for particle contamination control

Abstract This review is intended to bridge the gap between research in particle contamination control for the electronics industry and research in the fluid mechanics of small-particle motions; these two subjects are clearly closely related, but there seems to have been a lack of communication in the past. The technology of contamination control and cleanrooms is described for those readers with no previous knowledge of the field with concentration on those areas for which fluid mechanics is relevant. In particular, this includes the motion of small particles in the presence of extended boundaries and the capture and release of such particles. Research in these areas is reviewed where possible and attention is focused on the modelling of fluid mechanics. The forces associated with small particles are reviewed along with the basic hydrodynamics of dilute suspensions. Some recent developments in low Reynolds number hydrodynamics are emphasized. Finally some contamination control problems for which a fluid mechanics approach seems promising are identified and some directions for future research are suggested.
A novel interferon-inducible gene expressed during myeloid differentiation.

Abstract ABSTRACT: The acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, NB4, can be induced to differentiate to mature granulocytes by retinoic acid treatment. A novel retinoic acid-inducible cDNA clone, designated RI58, was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from retinoic acid-treated NB4 cells by differential hybridization. RI58 cDNA encodes a protein of 58kDa which has a similarity in its amino acids sequence to interferon (IFN)-inducible proteins. In addition, RI58 was induced by recombinant human IFN-α (rhIFN-α) in NB4 cells. RI58 was detectable within 4 hours post-stimulation with rhIFN-α, while it took as long as 1day after retinoic acid stimulation. Culture supernatant from retinoic acid-treated NB4 cells also induced RI58 expression similarly as rhIFN-α. This activity in culture supernatant was inhibited by anti-leukocyte IFN antiserum which showed specific reactivity to rhIFN-α. These results indicate that RI58 is induced by retinoic acid stimulation through autocrinally secreted IFN-α from NB4 cells. In the retinoic acid-treated NB4 cells, the expression of RI58 was increased along the process of differentiation. On the other hand, it was expressed constitutively in untreated non-hematopoietic cell lines and mature hematopoietic cell lines.
Ancient Collegia, Modern Blackshirts?: The Study of Roman Corporations in Fascist Italy

Francesco Maria De Robertis, the foremost authority on the legal status of the Romancollegia in the twentieth century, began his long and productive career at the Universita di Bari in the Fascist era. Despite the institution’s (and the regime’s) interest in this model of “corporative” behavior and its applicability to modern Italy, De Robertis managed to produce scholarly analyses that bear no trace of the context in which they were created. By examining an essay he wrote in 1934, explicitly comparing Roman and Italian “corporativism,” one may see the means by which he preserved a degree of objectivity, and this quality becomes all the more apparent, when one considers similar studies from the period. In addition, thecollegia have also, perhaps surprisingly, served as a model of collective action for proponents of Christian Socialism and Soviet Communism.
Articular collagen degradation in the Hulth-Telhag model of osteoarthritis

Abstract Objective This study employed immunohistochemistry to investigate the pattern of type II collagen (CII) degradation in an acute injury model of osteoarthritis. It was hypothesized, based on previous studies of primary osteoarthritis (OA), that the worst areas of CII degradation would be located in the superficial and upper middle zones of the articular cartilage, with staining extending into the deep zone as the OA became more severe. Design In this model of secondary OA, rabbits were made osteoarthritic by transecting the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and removing the meniscus. At various times post surgery, articular cartilage was examined for CII degradation using monoclonal antibody 18:6:D6. This antibody reacts to an epitope that is exposed when CII is degraded as the result of protease cleavage. Proteoglycans (PG) were localized using Safranin-O/Fast Green. Staining intensities were quantitated using image analysis software. Results In the joints with surgically induced OA, degradation of CII was seen as early as 3 weeks with the majority of the degradation localized in zones I and III. At 14 weeks the destruction of CII was more pronounced, but there was a surprising lack of degradation in zone II. There were also several other unexpected findings. The sham-operated joints, for example, were intended to serve as controls yet CII degradation was observed in rabbits killed 3 weeks after surgery. It was also expected that greater CII degradation would occur in cartilage from medial condyles, but after 14 weeks there was no significant difference between medial and lateral condyles. Finally, the loss of staining for PG correlated with the degradation of CII except in zone III where limited PG loss was observed. Conclusion Differences were observed between the pattern of articular cartilage destruction in this model of secondary OA and that of primary OA. Further investigation of the mechanical and biochemical processes underlying the development of both types of OA needs to be conducted.
Chemical synthesis of (1 → 2)‐α‐D‐mannopyranan

The polymerization of 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-mannopyranose proceeds in the presence of Lewis acids, cationic coordination catalysts, and strong bases. Debenzylation of the products yields oligomeric saccharides or low polymers. Polymerization in toluene by means of potassium alkoxide complexed with crown ethers leads to essentially stereoregular (1 2)-α-D-mannopyranan. The original derivatives have been characterized by optical rotation, viscosity, molecular weight, gel permeation chromatography, and spectrometry. The free polysaccharides have been characterized by optical rotation, molecular weight, and 1H- and 13C-nmr spectrometry and compared to yeast mannan hydrolysate oligomers.
Freedom of choice for restorative dentistry with or without anesthesia.

1. Shillingburg HT, Hobo S, Whitsett LD: Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Chicago, 1976, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc., p 143. 2. Krug RS: Temporary resin crowns and bridges. Dent Clin North Am 19:313, 1975. 3. Fisher DW, Shillingburg HT, Dewhirst RB: Indirect temporary restorations. J Am Dent Assoc 82:160, 1971. 4. Preston JD: A systematic approach to the control of esthetic form. J PROSTHET DENT 35:393, 1976. 5. Amsterdam M, Fox L: Provisional splinting-Principles and technics. Dent Clin North Am, March 1965, pp 94 and 99. 6. Horn HR: The cementation of crowns and lixed partial dentures. Dent Clin North Am, March 1965, pp 65-81. 7. Kornfeld M: Mouth Rehabilitation. St. Louis, 1967, The CV Mosby Co, vol 1, pp 318-329. 8. Waerhaug J: Histologic considerations which govern where the margins of restorations should be located in relation to the gingiva. Dent Clin North Am, March 1960, pp 161-176. 9. Stern MA, Whitacre RJ: Avoiding cross contamination in prosthodontics. J PROSTHET DENT 46~120, 1981.
Hamiltonian circuits in some maps on the torus

A map on the torus is called regular of type {p, q}, if each vertex is of valence q and each face has p edges. It is proved that in the graph consisting of the vertices and edges of a regular map on the torus of type {3, 6} or {4, 4} there exists a Hamiltonian circuit. For maps of type {6, 3} the same problem is only partially solved. A Hamiltonian circuit is also shown to exist in every 6-connected graph on the torus.
Neuropsychiatric Consequences of Renal Failure

Renal failure is associated with many subtle, and several distinct, alterations in neuropsychiatric function. This review describes the clinical findings, the treatments, and the known pathophysiology of the neuropsychiatric effects of renal failure.
The Influence of Growth Rate on Porosity in Al-Pd-Mn Icosahedral Quasicrystals

Growth experiments have been carried out to characterize the occurrence and development of porosity in Bridgman and flux grown Al-Pd-Mn icosahedral quasicrystals. The porosity level has been observed to fluctuate between values of 0.0 and 3.75 percent along the length of Bridgman single crystals implying that the development of porosity is affected by the local growth conditions. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of the rate of solidification on the occurrence of porosity. Alloys were solidified with different growth rates, 1mm/hr and >10 mm/hr, using the Bridgman configuration and at different cooling rates, ranging from 0.29°C/hr to 10°C/hr, using the flux growth method. Porosity levels were analyzed via optical image analysis. These experiments indicate that porosity percentages are greatly influenced by cooling rates and crystal size.
On a WHIM

![Figure][1] A 43-year-old man with a known history of WHIM syndrome (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia [IgG 271 mg/dL, IgM 39 mg/dL], infecions with chronic neutropenia [0.72 × 109/L], and myelokathexis, with a documented CXCR4 mutation) had previously been treated for B-cell lymphoma and
Role of Na-Xe molecules in spin relaxation of optically pumped Na in Xe gas

A mixture of dense sodium vapor (number density [Na] \ensuremath{\sim} ${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$), and buffer gases helium, xenon, and nitrogen is optically pumped to a high degree of spin polarization using a single-frequency single-mode tunable dye laser. The relaxation in the "dark" of the variables $〈{S}_{z}〉$ and $〈\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{I}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{S}〉$ is studied as a function of [Na] and buffergas pressures. For lower helium pressures (46-torr helium and 2-torr Xe) the dominant contribution to the relaxation of $〈{S}_{z}〉$ in the presence of Xe comes from the "sticking" three-body collisions with He acting as the third body. This is further confirmed by studying the longitudinal magnetic field dependence of the spin-relaxation rate. At higher helium pressures (He 700 torr, and Xe 2 torr) the relaxation of $〈{S}_{z}〉$ in the presence of Xe is mainly due to the "sudden" binary collisions between the Na and Xe, and the relaxation rate of $〈{S}_{z}〉$ is independent of the longitudinal magnetic field. Significant hyperfine pumping is achieved by proper tuning of the laser. The temperature dependence of the relaxation of $〈\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{I}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{S}〉$ and $〈{S}_{z}〉$ is also discussed.
Evolving opportunities for providing thermal comfort

The building industry needs a fundamental paradigm shift in its notion of comfort, to find low-energy ways of creating more thermally dynamic and non-uniform environments that bring inhabitants pleasure. Strategies for providing enriched thermal environments must be conjoined with reducing energy; these are inseparable for any building striving for high performance. The objective of current comfort standards is to have no more than 20% of occupants dissatisfied, yet buildings are not reaching even that scant goal. A significant energy cost is incurred by the current practice of controlling buildings within a narrow range of temperatures (often over-cooling in the summer). If building designers and operators can find efficient ways to allow building temperatures to float over a wider range, while affording occupants individual control of comfort, the potential for energy savings is enormous. Five new ways of thinking, or paradigm shifts, are presented for designing or operating buildings to provide enhance...
Studies on carcinogenesis by avian sarcoma viruses: VIII. Glycolysis and cell multiplication

Glycolysis and multiplication were studied in parallel cultures of uninfected and of avian sarcoma virus-converted chicken and duck cells. It was found that:. 1. In cultures where the amount of serum was limiting for cell multiplication, converted cells multiplied more and glycolyzed more than did uninfected cells. In both types of cultures, the relationship between the rates of glycolysis and of multiplication per culture was similar. 2. In cultures with excess serum and other nutrients, converted cells and uninfected cells multiplied and glycolyzed at the same rate. Etudes sur la Carcinogenese due aux Virus du Sarcome aviaire VIII. Glycolyse et Multiplication Cellulaire La glycolyse et la multiplication ont ete etudiees dans des cultures paralleles de cellules de poulet et de canard, les unes non infectees, les autres transformees par le virus du sarcome aviare. On a constate ce qui suit: 1. Dans les cultures oo L'insuffisance de serum limitait la multiplication cellulaire, les cellules transformees se multipliaient et glycolysaient davantage que les cellules non infectees. Dans les deux types de cultures, le rapport etait le měme entre la vitesse de glycolyse et la vitesse de multiplication par culture. 2. Dans les cultures contenant un exes de serum et d'autres etements nutritifs, les cellules transformees et les cellules non infectees se multipliaient et glycolysaient a la měme vitesse. 3. In cultures where there was little or no increase in cell number, the rate of glycolysis was higher for converted cells than it was for uninfected cells. 3. Dans les cultures oo il n'y avait pour ainsi dire plus de multiplication cellulaire, le taux de glycolyse etait plus eleve pour les cellules transformees que pour les cellules non infectees.
Field Verification of Simplified Analysis Procedures for Segmental Concrete Bridges

Load tests on segmental bridges are uncommon in the literature given their relatively short history and comparatively smaller presence in the national bridge inventory. This paper presents results from two segmental concrete bridge field tests and compares them with common simplified longitudinal and transverse analysis procedures. These single-cell structures, built with balanced cantilever construction, represent two significantly different segmental concrete bridges. Designers frequently use a beamline model for longitudinal analysis. When compared with the load test results, this simple method produces conservative predictions of longitudinal behavior within 20%, which is also reflected in the literature. Conversely, little information exists in the literature on transverse bending analysis. When analyzing the localized transverse bending from concentrated wheel loads, designers commonly use an equivalent frame model. Most frequently, designers use influence surfaces to estimate the scaled loads to apply to these two-dimensional frame models. This simplified approach is shown to be conservative overall but cannot always predict bending sense and frequently overpredicts demand in excess of 100%.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND DEFORMATION MECHANISMS OF POLYOLEFINS II.

Abstract : In part I of the work (J. Appl. Phys. 35:47, 1964), a mechanism for the deformation of crystalline polyolefin polymers was proposed. In this paper, the implications of the deformation theory are examined in more detail, and the theory is modified to more exactly account for observations. More critical studies are reported using uniaxially crystallized samples. The variation of properties in a series of ethylene-propylene copolymers is studied and explained in terms of the proposed mechanisms.
Plant-induced changes in soil nutrient dynamics by native and invasive grass species

Alteration of soil nutrient dynamics has recently garnered more attention as both a cause and an effect of plant invasion. This project examines how nutrient dynamics are affected by native (Elymus elymoides, Pseudoroegneria spicata, and Vulpia microstachys) and invasive (Aegilops triuncialis, Agropyron cristatum, Bromus tectorum, and Taeniatherum caput-medusae) grass species. This research questions whether natives and invasives differ in their effects on nutrient dynamics. A greenhouse study was conducted using two field-collected soils. Effects on nutrient dynamics were compared using an integrated index that evaluates the total nutrients in soil and in plant tissue compared to an unplanted control. With this index, we evaluated whether soil nutrients increased or decreased as a result of plant growth, controlling for plant uptake. We found no consistent support for our hypothesis that invasive grass species as a group influence nutrient dynamics differently than native grass species as a group. Our results indicate species-specific effects on nutrient dynamics. Alteration of nutrient dynamics is not a trait shared by all of the invasive grass species in our study. However, alteration of nutrient dynamics may be a mechanism by which some individual species increase their invasive potential.
The efficacy of Mycoplasma gallisepticum K-strain live vaccine in broiler and layer chickens.

The efficacy of a live Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccine candidate (K-strain) was compared to commercially available vaccines in broiler-type chickens (Trial 1) and layer-type chickens (Trial 2). In Trial 1, three-week-old broiler-type chickens were vaccinated via aerosol with K-strain or an F-strain vaccine. The vaccinated chickens and 10 non-vaccinated controls were subsequently challenged with virulent R-strain via aerosol at six weeks post vaccination; both K-strain and F-strain vaccination resulted in significant protection from air sac and tracheal lesions, as well as R-strain colonization (P ≤ 0.05). In Trial 2, commercial layer-type chickens were vaccinated with ts-11 (via eye drop) or K-strain (via aerosol) at 12 weeks of age. At 25 weeks of age these birds were challenged with R-strain via aerosol. The ts-11 and K-strain vaccinated groups both had significantly lower air sac lesion scores and a lower prevalence of ovarian regression after challenge as compared to non-vaccinated chickens (P ≤...
Statistical-uncertainty-based adaptive filtering of lidar signals

An adaptive filter signal processing technique is developed to overcome the problem of Raman lidar water-vapor mixing ratio (the ratio of the water-vapor density to the dry-air density) with a highly variable statistical uncertainty that increases with decreasing photomultiplier-tube signal strength and masks the true desired water-vapor structure. The technique, applied to horizontal scans, assumes only statistical horizontal homogeneity. The result is a variable spatial resolution water-vapor signal with a constant variance out to a range limit set by a specified signal-to-noise ratio. The technique was applied to Raman water-vapor lidar data obtained at a coastal pier site together with in situ instruments located 320 m from the lidar. The micrometeorological humidity data were used to calibrate the ratio of the lidar gains of the H2O and the N2 photomultiplier tubes and set the water-vapor mixing ratio variance for the adaptive filter. For the coastal experiment the effective limit of the lidar range was found to be approximately 200 m for a maximum noise-to-signal variance ratio of 0.1 with the implemented data-reduction procedure. The technique can be adapted to off-horizontal scans with a small reduction in the constraints and is also applicable to other remote-sensing devices that exhibit the same inherent range-dependent signal-to-noise ratio problem.
The effects of RU 486 on immune function and steroid-induced immunosuppression in vitro.

The effect of RU 486 [17β-hydroxy-11β-(4-dimethylamino-phenol)17α-(prop-l-ynyl)estra-4,9diene-3-one]on [3H]thymidine incorporation into Concanavalin-A-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its influence on the suppressive effects of cortisol and progesterone were investigated. Cortisol suppressed lymphocyte thymidine incorporation at 10−5, 10−6, and 10−7 M (17.6%, 20%, and 38% of control, respectively; P < 0.01). Cortisol-induced suppression was reversed when low concentrations of RU 486 (10−7 and 10−6 M) were added. RU 486 at 10−5 M further suppressed lymphocyte thymidine incorporation when added to cultures with cortisol. Progesterone significantly inhibited lymphocyte thymidine incorporation at 10−5 M (8.2% of control; P < 0.01). No reversal of progesterone-induced suppression of thymidine incorporation was seen when RU 486 was added to cultures; rather, further suppression of thymidine incorporation was seen. RU 486 alone in culture at concentrations achieved therapeutically (10−5 M)...
Comparison of Implantation Techniques Using Freestyle Stentless Porcine Aortic Valve

Stentless porcine aortic valves demonstrate superior hemodynamic performance when compared with their stented counterparts. The technical considerations for implanting these valves can be demanding. The Medtronic Freestyle aortic root bioprosthesis resembles an allograft, has zero-pressure—fixed leaflets treated with an antimineralization agent, and can be implanted using a variety of techniques. In this study of that valve, total root replacement (TRR) was compared with a partial scallop aortic inclusion technique (PSI). Implantations were performed in 75 patients (49 PSI and 26 TRR). There were no significant differences with respect to age, sex, or incidence of concomitant procedures. Mean aortic cross-clamp times were significantly less in the PSI group than in the TRR group (51.8 ± 11.7 minutes versus 125.5 ± 19.7 minutes; p = 0.0001). At discharge, mean systolic gradients seen on color-flow Doppler echocardiography were less in the TRR group than in the PSI group (6.17 ± 3.66 versus 10.01 ± 4.83 mm Hg; p = 0.014). Discharge echocardiography revealed trivial valve regurgitation in 8.3% of the TRR group and in 41.7% of the PSI group ( p = 0.004). No patient experienced any significant valvular regurgitation on discharge echocardiography. We conclude that early experience with the Medtronic Freestyle aortic root bioprosthesis shows excellent short-term function regardless of implantation technique. Shorter cross-clamp times, comparable with those of stented valve procedures, occurred with PSI implantation. We anticipate that effects on long-term durability will be beneficial.
Effect of separation and grinding of corn dry-milled streams on physical properties of single-screw low-speed extruded products

ABSTRACT Three streams of corn dry-milled products (corn grits, corn cones, and corn flour) were sieved and separated according to average diameter, and some segregated fractions were ground to produce nine streams. Corn grits were separated to produce grits with diameters of 1.19 and 0.841 mm, and selected fractions were ground into grits with average diameters of 0.297 and 0.210 mm. Corn cones were separated into average diameters of 0.595, 0.420, and 0.297 mm. Corn flour was separated into fractions with average diameters of 0.297 and 0.210 mm. The original and the additional streams were extruded at constant speed (50 rpm) and at three different processing extruder barrel temperature profiles: low (LTP, 100-110-120°C), medium (MTP, 110-120-130°C), and high (HTP, 120-130-140°C). The least significant difference (P < 0.01) test showed that additional grinding of corn grits affects the expansion ratio of extrudates processed at LTP and HTP. Additional separation of corn flour affects (P < 0.01) the bulk ...
The utilization of patchy thermal microhabitats by the ectothermic insect predator, Cicindela sexguttata

Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio, U.S.A. 1. Tiger beetles (Cicindela) of open habitats have served as model ectotherms in studies of the dependence of activity and habitat utilization on temperature. Potential departures from the cicindelid model were investigated in Cicindela sexguttata, a species inhabiting forests where thermal resources are patchy and ephemeral. 2. Body temperatures (T b ) were determined by inserting thermocouples into beetles immediately after observing specific behaviours in the field. Cicindela sexguttata elevated T b by basking, foraged at a preferred T b of 32.8 °C, and stilted, sun-faced, or sought shade when T b exceeded 35 °C. Although these behaviours were typical of Cicindela, their set points were lower than those of species in more open habitats. 3. Illuminated substrates were utilized for basking and foraging. Beetles were dispersed throughout the forest floor in early spring, but became aggregated in light gaps when the canopy leafed out. Operative temperatures of thermal models indicated that beetles were unable to maintain the preferred T b in shade and would not be able to maintain a preferred T b in light gaps during the autumn, when adults are normally in diapause. 4. Beetles were confined to foraging in light gaps once the canopy was closed. Foraging rate and searching speed were independent of T b , in contrast to other cicindelids. Adults rarely searched for prey, but ambushed small arthropods that alighted in the light gap. Dependence on patches of illumination as thermal resources may increase prey capture, intraspecific encounters, and risk of predation, and preclude foraging in the autumn when Cicindela species of open habitats are also active.
A new surface viscometer of high sensitivity. I. Theory

A new design for a surface viscometer is proposed in which a film covered interface is driven by making contact with a rotating ring inserted into a narrow gap in the wall of a cylindrical vessel. The fluid motion is analyzed theoretically in laminar flow approximation, assuming Newtonian behavior in both the substrate and the interface. From our analysis, we find that the surface viscosity can be measured by comparing the period of revolution of a floating dust particle inserted into the interface near the cylindrical axis with the rotational period of the ring. Errors caused by the finite depth of the vessel and the finite thickness of the knife edge are negligible, and the only geometrical parameter needed is the radius of the cylinder. At the air/water interface, surface viscosities η in the range 10−5 ≤ η ≤ 0.1 surface poise may be measured quantitatively.
Solid‐state thermolysis of poly(p‐t‐butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) catalyzed by polymeric phenol: Effect of phase separation

Thermolysis of poly(p-t-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (PBOCST) catalyzed by polymeric phenol in the solid state is very much dependent on the extent of phase separation. Poly(p-hydroxystyrene) (PHOST, a thermolysis product of PBOCST) is not miscible with PBOCST. Therefore, this phenolic resin can not effectively catalyze the solid-state thermolysis reaction when simply blended with PBOCST. However, if the phenolic functionality is forced to be in the vicinity of the t-butoxycarbonyl (tBOC) group, the thermolysis takes place facilely at 130°C. The effect of casting solvent on thermolysis in PBOCST/Varcum films is also discussed.
Body mass index and quality of well-being in a community of older adults.

Background The impact of obesity and associated conditions on health has not been assessed in older adults using a generic, utility-based measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study evaluates the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and HRQOL scores and gives estimates of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost to overweight, obesity, and associated conditions. Methods A total of 1326 adults from the Rancho Bernardo longitudinal cohort study, with a mean age of 72 years, completed the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB), a generic health-related quality of life measure. Height, weight, exercise, and smoking status were also assessed. Differences in QWB scores between obese adults and those with a normal BMI were used to estimate the QALYs lost due to obesity and associated conditions. Results Participants were divided into four groups based on BMI: 30 kg/m2 (obese). Analysis of covariance controlling for age, gender, smoking history, and exercise showed a significant difference between group means (F(7,1310)=30.79; p <0.001). The normal BMI group had the highest QWB score (0.709), followed by the underweight (0.698), overweight (0.695), and obese (0.663) groups. The QWB score for the obese group was significantly lower than that for the normal and overweight groups. An estimated 2.93 million QALYs are lost in this country each year from obesity and associated conditions. Conclusions Obese older adults tend to have lower HRQOL than those who are overweight or of normal BMI. The lower QWB scores associated with obesity translate into millions of QALYs lost each year. Being overweight but not obese did not have a significant impact on HRQOL in this population.
Raman spectroscopic characterization of diamond films grown in a low-pressure flat flame

Abstract Diamond films produced in the low-pressure flat flame have been examined using Raman spectroscopy. The effect of the oxy-acetylene gas mixture (R=O 2 /C 2 H 2 gas ratio of 0.95 to 1.06) and substrate temperature (650–850°C) on the form of the non-diamond carbon as well as the diamond phase purity and crystallinity are reported. An assessment of the diamond crystallinity was achieved by inspection of the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of the Raman line observed at 1332±0.5 cm −1 representing sp 3 -bonded carbon. This analysis revealed a FWHM as low as ∼4.3 cm −1 for the optimum growth conditions of an R =1.05 and substrate temperatures of 650–750°C. The broad non-diamond carbon component in the 1350 cm −1 to 1650 cm −1 range was deconvoluted into three distinct Gaussian peaks at 1355±1.5 cm −1 , 1470±7.5 cm −1 , and 1550±4.0 cm −1 . These peaks remained in the same relative proportion regardless of the processing conditions, and the total area of the non-diamond peaks was found to correspond linearly with the background luminescence. A relative comparison of the diamond and non-diamond carbon was used to qualitatively estimate the diamond film phase purity.
Subjective evaluation of image quality measures for white noise and Gaussian blur-distorted images

AbstractImage quality assessment has diverse applications. A number of image quality measures (IQMs) are proposed, but none is proved to be true representative of human perception of image quality. We have subjectively investigated spectral distance-based and human visual system (HVS)-based IQMs for their effectiveness in representing the human perception for images corrupted with white noise and Gaussian blur. Two sets of 160 images with various degrees of white noise and Gaussian blur are subjectively evaluated by 50 human subjects, resulting in 16 000 human judgments. On the basis of evaluations, image-independent human perception values are calculated. The perception values are plotted against spectral distance-based and HVS-based IQMs. The performance of quality measures is determined by graphical observations and polynomial curve fitting, resulting in best performance by HVS absolute norm and block spectral phase-magnitude error for white noise and Gaussian blur distortions, respectively. It is also...
Association of age at first drink with current alcohol drinking variables in a national general population sample.

Background: Age at first drink has been found to be associated with alcohol problems in adulthood, but little is known regarding the relationship of age at first drink and current alcohol intake variables. This study was designed to determine the relationship of age at first drink to traditional drinking variables as well as novel current drinking variables assessed for the first time in a national general population sample. Method: Data on age of first drink, pathological drinking (DSM-IV alcohol abuse or dependence) and alcohol intake on typical drinking occasions were collected on a national general population sample of 2631 subjects by means of computerized telephone interviewing. Variables assessed for the first time in a national survey included the duration of the typical drinking episode and the predicted peak blood alcohol levels achieved during those episodes. Results: Data from 2276 subjects who reported an age at first drink were used in this study. Men and lifetime pathological drinkers reported an earlier age at first drink than did, respectively, women or lifetime nonpathological drinkers. There were significant regression coefficients between age at first drink and several current drinking measures. The largest coefficients were usually found within younger age groups. Conclusions: Age at first drink may be a useful predictive variable for some current drinking measures, including predicted peak blood alcohol levels as well as lifetime alcohol pathology. Further support was provided for the “convergence” hypothesis that the drinking habits of women have become more like those of men.
Crystal structure of [Ph3PCH2CH2PPh2+3][Ru10(μ6-C)2(CO)20(μ-CO)2-4] · 2Me2CO and some brief comments on the severely disordered structure of [NEt+4]2[Ru10(μ6-C)2(CO)20(μ-CO)2-4]

Abstract The species [Ph3PCH2CH2PPh2+3][Ru10(μ6-C)2(CO)20(μ-CO)2-4] · 2Me2CO crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group P 1 (No. 2) with a 12.8846(25), b 15.3253(26), c 20.4478(41) A, α 104.494(15)°, β 96.514(16)°, γ 94.674(15)°, V 3858.5(13) A3 and Z = 2. Diffraction data (Mo-Kα, 2θ = 4.5–40.0°) were collected on a Synthex P21 diffractometer and the structure was refined to R 4.6% for those 6381 independent reflections with |Fo| > 1.0σ(|Fo|). The decanuclear dianion is based upon an edge-bridged bisoctahedron (with each octahedral fragment containing a μ6-C atom) and has approximate D2 symmetry. Each ruthenium atom is associated with two terminal carbonyl ligands; in addition, all but the edge-fused ruthenium atoms are linked pair-wise by single, symmetrically bridging carbonyl ligands. The species [NEt+4]2[Ru10(μ6-C)2(CO)20(μ-CO)2-4] has also been studied. The Ru10 cluster lies on a site of 1 symmetry (space group P21/c, Z = 2) and the resulting disorder led to only a partial solution to this structure.
THE USE OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS MICROSCOPICAL MOUNTING MEDIA. PART I.–WATER MISCIBLE MOUNTING MEDIA

SYNOPSIS A mounting medium with a refractive index of 1·474 had been developed from a 23 p.c. dispersion of polyvinyl acetate in “cellosolve” plasticized with 13 p.c. of diamyl phthalate. When heated the medium hardened in 2–3 days to a stable transparent film which did not cause stain-fading in test mounts stained with either Ehrlich's acid alum haematoxylineosin B or with Mallory's acid fuchsin-orange G-aniline blue and exposed for 6 weeks to heat, artificial, or natural lighting.
Urease expression by Cryptococcus neoformans promotes microvascular sequestration, thereby enhancing central nervous system invasion.

Our objective was to determine the role of the cryptococcal virulence factor urease in pulmonary-to-central nervous system, dissemination, invasion, and growth. C. neoformans H99, the urease knockout strain (ure1) derived from H99, and the urease restored strain ure1+URE1−1 were used for thestudies. The absence of cryptococcal urease (ure1infection) resulted in significant protection from the high mortality observed in H99-infected mice. All H99-infected mice had extremely high cryptococcal loads in their brains at the time of death, whereas only two of six animals that died of ure1 infection had detectable C. neoformans in the brain. Histological analysis of the blood-to-brain invasion by C. neoformans H99 demonstrated wedging of the yeasts in small capillaries, altered structure of microvessel walls, formation of mucoid cysts initiated in the proximity of damaged microcapillaries, and the absence of an inflammatory response. Direct inoculation of H99, ure1, and ure1+URE1−1 into the brain demonstrated that urease was not required to grow in the brain. However, the dissemination patterns in the brain, spleen, and other organs after intravenous inoculation indicated that cryptococcal urease contributes to the central nervous system invasion by enhancing yeast sequestration within microcapillary beds (such as within the brain) during hematogenous spread, thereby facilitating blood-to-brain invasion by C. neoformans.
Efficient trace-driven simulation method for cache performance analysis

We propose improvements to current trace-driven cache simulation methods to make them faster and more economical. We attack the large time and space demands of cache simulation in two ways. First, we reduce the program traces to the extent that exact performance can still be obtained from the reduced traces. Second, we devise an algorithm that can produce performance results for a variety of metrics (hit ratio, write-back counts, bus traffic) for a large number of set-associative write-back caches in just a single simulation run. The trace reduction and the efficient simulation techniques are extended to parallel multiprocessor cache simulations. Our simulation results show that our approach substantially reduces the disk space needed to store the program traces and can dramatically speedup cache simulations and still produce the exact results.
Lupus resistance is associated with marginal zone abnormalities in an NZM murine model.

The NZM2410 and NZM TAN (TAN) are two of 27 inbred strains derived from an intercross between the NZW and NZB strains. NZM2410 mice develop a highly penetrant lupus nephritis mediated by three susceptibility loci, Sle1, Sle2 and Sle3. These three loci have been combined on a C57BL/6 background in a triple congenic strain that reconstitutes the NZM2410 autoimmune phenotype. Remarkably, inspite of the presence of Sle1, Sle2 and Sle3, TAN mice display a mild autoimmune phenotype reminiscent of NZW. Contrary to the lupus-prone strains, the majority of TAN CD4(+) T cells are in a naive-inactivated stage. TAN mice show B-cell developmental abnormalities similar to lupus-prone mice, such an accumulation of transitional T1 cells and peritoneal B-1a cells. TAN mice show, however, a unique expansion of the splenic marginal zone, in which B cells express high levels of CD5 and CD9, fail to migrate to the follicles in response to LPS, and show sub-optimal binding of T-independent type 2 antigens. Therefore, TAN mice present a functional silencing of marginal zone B cells, which have been previously implicated with autoimmune process. The TAN strain thus provides a novel model for the analysis of the genetic determinants of B-cell autoreactivity.
The heavy nuclei of the primary cosmic radiation

The flux of primary cosmic-ray nuclei, heavier than protons, was determined at geomagnetic latitudes λ=55° and λ=30° °N. It is shown that at λ=30° at least one-half of the incident nucleons and a significant fraction of the incident cosmic-ray energy is due to the heavy component. The distribution of atomic numbers among the primaries was determined at both latitudes; the relative magnitude of the fluxes of the nuclei H:He:C,N,O: (nuclei of charge Z>10 is given approximately by the ratio 4000:1000:35:10. The possible significance of these results for the theories on the origin of cosmic rays is discussed.
Influence of Phenolic acids on microbial populations in the rhizosphere of cucumber

Experiments were conducted to determine whether changes in soil microbial populations that occur in response to additions of certain allelopathic phenolic acids to bulk soil also occur in the rhizosphere. Cucumber seedlings were transplanted into cups containing a nutrient-enriched mixture of Portsmouth B1, soil and sand and were watered five times (once every 48 hr) with aqueous solutions of ferulic,p-coumaric, or vanillic acid (each at 0, 0.25, or 0.50μol/g soil material). Nutrient solution was applied on alternate days. Leaf growth was suppressed by up to 42% by phenolic acids, but changes in root growth varied with the compound and concentration in solution. Significant increases (over 600% relative to controls) in populations of fast-growing bacteria in the rhizosphere were detected after two but not after five treatments, and increases (400% relative to controls) in numbers of fungal propagules were detected after five treatments. Such increases suggested that chronic exposure to a phenolic acid might resuit in high populations of rhizosphere microorganisms that could metabolize the compounds and thus alter observable responses by the plant. To test this, plants were watered repeatedly with a low-concentration solution of ferulic acid (chronic treatments; 0.0 or 0.1μmol/g soil material in one experiment, 0.000 or 0.025μimol/g soil material in a second) and then once with a highconcentration solution (acute treatment; 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0μmol/g soil material in the first experiment; 0.000, 0.125, or 0.250μmol/g soil material in the second).
Differential heat flow calorimetry of the hydrides of intermetallic compounds

Abstract The thermodynamic properties of selected hydrides of intermetallic compounds are measured using a gas-solid equilibration apparatus (Sievert's) coupled to a Tian-Calvet differential calorimeter. This combination allows simultaneous measurement of enthalpy changes and Gibb's energy; the differential configuration eliminates the pΔV correction. The experimental technique and apparatus are briefly described and the limits to accurate measurements are discussed. Preliminary small-sample measurements of the partial molar enthalpies of hydrogen in the two-phase coexistence region of the systems LaNi5 + H2 and CaNi5 + H2 have been performed.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Bornavirus Isolated from a Healthy Canadian Goose (Branta canadensis).

ABSTRACT A recent survey among wild birds demonstrated the presence of a unique genotype of avian bornavirus (ABV) in wild geese and swans in North America. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of an avian bornavirus of the goose genotype.
Assessing the value of climate information and forecasts for the agricultural sector in the Southeastern United States: multi-output stochastic frontier approach

A multi-output/input stochastic distance frontier model is used to analyze the effect of interannual climatic variability on agricultural production and to assess the impact of climate forecasts on the economic performance of this sector in the Southeastern United States. The results show that the omission of climatic conditions when estimating regional agricultural production models could lead to biased technical efficiency (TE) estimates. This climate bias may significantly affect the effectiveness of rural development policies based on regional economic performance comparisons. We also found that seasonal rainfall and temperature forecasts have a positive effect on economic performance of agriculture. However, the effectiveness of climate forecasts on improving TE is sensitive to the type of climate index used. Policy implications stemming from the results are also presented.