cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rational design of humanized dual-agonist antibodies.

The ultralong heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3H) of bovine antibody BLV1H12 folds into a novel “stalk-knob” structural motif and has been exploited to generate novel agonist a...
RELATIONSHIP OF STATE AND TRAIT ANXIETY TO BLOOD PRESSURE OF BLACK WOMEN

The relationship of anxiety to blood pressure was investigated for 71 black mothers (15 to 60 yr. old) who were patients at a public health clinic. Scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory did n...
Singly resonant continuous-wave mode-locked KTiOPO 4 optical parametric oscillator pumped by a Nd:YAG laser

We present detailed design considerations and performance of a singly resonant cw mode-locked optical parametric oscillator based on KTiOPO4. The oscillator is synchronously pumped by 2.2-ps, 1.064-μm pulses at a 75-MHz repetition rate with 4-W average power generated by temporal compression of pulses from a lamp-pumped mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. We obtained output pulses 2-3 ps long with hundreds of milliwatts of average power from 1.57 to 1.59 μm in the signal branch and from 3.21 to 3.30 μm in the idler branch. At three times above threshold we measured the pulse width of the 1.573-μm signal to be ~2.8 ps, and the corresponding spectral width was ~1.5 nm, indicating that the time–bandwidth product is 0.51. The total conversion efficiency as measured by the pump-pulse depletion is 15%. With active stabilization of the pump laser, the amplitude fluctuation of the oscillator is <15% peak to peak.
Global Discourse and Local Readings of Development The Mediated Publicness of Operation Bootstrap in Puerto Rico

/ This article builds upon the definition of development as an ideological field to explore journalism as a site where global discourses of development meet locally grounded meanings to shape social understandings of modernization and progress in developing nations. The Puerto Rican experience during the promotion of Operation Bootstrap (1947—63) was selected as a case study to examine how the local press framed the process of industrialization as a news event of national and international relevance and thus mediated the definition of development as a public affair and redefined boundaries in the public and private spheres. Drawing on the notion of `mediated publicness', and its implications for the transformation of visibility and the organization of hegemony in modern societies, this research also discusses the ideological effects of such reporting in the particular context of colonialism and dependent development in Puerto Rico.
Late Pliocene to Holocene platform evolution in northern Belize, and comparison with coeval deposits in southern Belize and the Bahamas

The full text is not available on SOAR. Access this article via the commercial databases licensed by University Libraries: http://libcat.wichita.edu/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=817&recCount=30&recPointer=1&bibId=1334578
Micromotion of Cementless Tibial Baseplates: Keels with Adjuvant Pegs Offer More Stability Than Pegs Alone

Initial implant stability is crucial to cementless knee arthroplasty fixation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of two baseplates with different fixation features: a monoblock porous tantalum baseplate featuring two hexagonal pegs alone, and a modular design featuring a keel with four adjuvant cruciform pegs. A physiologically relevant test method previously described was used to evaluate compression and liftoff of the baseplates during stair descent. The porous tantalum baseplate with dual-hex peg fixation experienced greater rocking motions and liftoff compared to the baseplate with a keel and adjuvant pegs. Liftoff and displacement motion is likely deleterious and may inhibit biological fixation due to the physical separation of the baseplate from the bone.
RGS17, an Overexpressed Gene in Human Lung and Prostate Cancer, Induces Tumor Cell Proliferation Through the Cyclic AMP-PKA-CREB Pathway

We have identified RGS17 as a commonly induced gene in lung and prostate tumors. Through microarray and gene expression analysis, we show that expression of RGS17 is up-regulated in 80% of lung tumors, and also up-regulated in prostate tumors. Through knockdown and overexpression of RGS17 in tumor cells, we show that RGS17 confers a proliferative phenotype and is required for the maintenance of the proliferative potential of tumor cells. We show through exon microarray, transcript analysis, and functional assays that RGS17 promotes cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-responsive gene expression, increases cAMP levels, and enhances forskolin-mediated cAMP production. Furthermore, inhibition of cAMP-dependent kinase prevents tumor cell proliferation, and proliferation is partially rescued by RGS17 overexpression. In the present study, we show a role for RGS17 in the maintenance of tumor cell proliferation through induction of cAMP signaling and CREB phosphorylation. The prevalence of the induction of RGS17 in tumor tissues of various types further implicates its importance in the maintenance of tumor growth.
Construction of microRNA and transcription factor regulatory network based on gene expression data in cardiomyopathy

Background Cardiomyopathy is a progressive myocardial disorder. Here, we attempted to reveal the possible mechanism of cardiomyopathy at the transcription level with the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) taken into account.
Hyperproliferation and Defects in Epithelial Polarity upon Conditional Ablation of α-Catenin in Skin

Abstract When surface epithelium was conditionally targeted for ablation of α-catenin, hair follicle development was blocked and epidermal morphogenesis was dramatically affected, with defects in adherens junction formation, intercellular adhesion, and epithelial polarity. Differentiation occurred, but epidermis displayed hyperproliferation, suprabasal mitoses, and multinucleated cells. In vitro, α-catenin null keratinocytes were poorly contact inhibited and grew rapidly. These differences were not dependent upon intercellular adhesion and were in marked contrast to keratinocytes conditionally null for another essential intercellular adhesion protein, desmoplakin (DP). KO keratinocytes exhibited sustained activation of the Ras-MAPK cascade due to aberrations in growth factor responses. Thus, remarkably, features of precancerous lesions often attributed to defects in cell cycle regulatory genes can be generated by compromising the function of α-catenin.
Evolution of sexual dimorphism in bill size and shape of hermit hummingbirds (Phaethornithinae): a role for ecological causation

Unambiguous examples of ecological causation of sexual dimorphism are rare, and the best evidence involves sexual differences in trophic morphology. We show that moderate female-biased sexual dimorphism in bill curvature is the ancestral condition in hermit hummingbirds (Phaethornithinae), and that it is greatly amplified in species such as Glaucis hirsutus and Phaethornis guy , where bills of females are 60 per cent more curved than bills of males. In contrast, bill curvature dimorphism is lost or reduced in a lineage of short-billed hermit species and in specialist Eutoxeres sicklebill hermits. In the hermits, males tend to be larger than females in the majority of species, although size dimorphism is typically small. Consistent with earlier studies of hummingbird feeding performance, both raw regressions of traits and phylogenetic independent contrasts supported the prediction that dimorphism in bill curvature of hermits is associated with longer bills. Some evidence indicates that differences between sexes of hermit hummingbirds are associated with differences in the use of food plants. We suggest that some hermit hummingbirds provide model organisms for studies of ecological causation of sexual dimorphism because their sexual dimorphism in bill curvature provides a diagnostic clue for the food plants that need to be monitored for studies of sexual differences in resource use.
Tuberculosis: latency and reactivation.

Tuberculosis is a major cause of death around the world, with most of the 1.5 million deaths per year attributable to the disease occurring in developing countries. This disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , an acid-fast bacillus that is transmitted primarily via the respiratory route.
SOCIAL EFFECTS ON EMERGENCE FROM HIBERNATION IN YELLOW-BELLIED MARMOTS

The date that yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) emerge at a site in Colorado has been used as evidence that climate is affecting hibernating species. Over 6 springs, and at 16 marmot groups, the date of 1st emergence of males, females, and the group as a whole was recorded. Emergence date of males was a function of the number of males in a group (a metric of reproductive competition) and the date that 50% of the ground was snow free in the marmot group (a metric of climatic variation). The number of adult males explained no variation in the date that the 1st adult female was detected, or the date by which one-half of the group emerged, but the 1st female was sighted earlier in groups with more females. Thus, to understand climatic effects on the phenology of social species, researchers must consider the potential for reproductive competition as well as climatic factors such as the timing of snow melt.
A Field Proof-of-Concept of Aquifer Imaging Using 3-D Transient Hydraulic Tomography with Modular, Temporarily-Emplaced Equipment

[1] Hydraulic tomography is a field scale aquifer characterization method capable of estimating 3-D heterogeneous parameter distributions, and is directly sensitive to hydraulic conductivity (K), thus providing a useful data source for improving flow and transport models. We present results from a proof-of-concept field and modeling study in which we apply 3-D transient hydraulic tomography (3DTHT) to the relatively high-K and moderately heterogeneous unconfined aquifer at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. Short-duration (20 min) partially penetrating pumping tests, for which observed responses do not reach steady state, are used as the aquifer stimulation. To collect field data, we utilize a system of temporarily emplaced packer equipment to isolate multiple discrete intervals in boreholes. To analyze the data, we utilize MODFLOW combined with geostatistical inversion code based on the quasilinear approach of Kitanidis (1995). This combination of practical software allows inversion of large datasets (>250 drawdown curves, and almost 1000 individual data points) and estimation of K at >100,000 locations; reasonable runtimes are obtained using a single multicore computer with 12 GB of RAM. The K heterogeneity results from 3DTHT are cross-validated against K characterization from a large set of partially penetrating slug tests, and found to be quite consistent. The use of portable, modular equipment for field implementation means that 3DTHT data collection can be performed (including mobilization/demobilization) within a matter of days. Likewise, use of a practical, efficient and scalable numerical modeling and inversion strategy means that computational effort is drastically reduced, such that 3-D aquifer property distributions can be estimated quickly.
Through-the-Wall Imaging Using Differential SAR

An algorithm for imaging of targets behind walls is proposed to reduce the wall reflection and enhance the signal-to-clutter ratio. The image formation is based on differential synthetic-aperture-radar image formation employing a continuous-wave radar system. In this approach, instead of using individual backscattered signals, the image is formed by employing the difference signals obtained by subtracting two successive signals along the track. This way, specular reflections are totally eliminated without the need for the knowledge of the wall parameters. This also affects the point target response which is corrected by an integration process. By using backscattered fields from small trihedral corner reflectors behind a poured concrete wall, measured over a frequency band of 1-2.5 GHz, the proposed method is demonstrated.
Radioembolization results in longer time-to-progression and reduced toxicity compared with chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims Chemoembolization is one of several standards of care treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 microspheres is a novel, transarterial approach to radiation therapy. We performed a comparative effectiveness analysis of these therapies in patients with HCC. Methods We collected data from 463 patients who were treated with transarterial locoregional therapies (chemoembolization or radioembolization) over a 9-year period. We excluded patients who were not appropriate for comparison and analyzed data from 245 (122 who received chemoembolization and 123 who received radioembolization). Patients were followed for signs of toxicity; all underwent imaging analysis at baseline and follow-up time points. Overall survival was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included safety, response rate, and time-to-progression. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Abdominal pain and increased transaminase activity were more frequent following chemoembolization ( P .05). There was a trend that patients treated with radioembolization had a higher response rate than with chemoembolization (49% vs 36%, respectively, P = .104). Although time-to-progression was longer following radioembolization than chemoembolization (13.3 months vs 8.4 months, respectively, P = .046), median survival times were not statistically different (20.5 months vs 17.4 months, respectively, P = .232). Among patients with intermediate-stage disease, survival was similar between groups that received chemoembolization (17.5 months) and radioembolization (17.2 months, P = .42). Conclusions Patients with HCC treated by chemoembolization or radioembolization with Yttrium-90 microspheres had similar survival times. Radioembolization resulted in longer time-to-progression and less toxicity than chemoembolization. Post hoc analyses of sample size indicated that a randomized study with > 1000 patients would be required to establish equivalence of survival times between patients treated with these two therapies.
Transcriptional Activation by TFIIB Mutants That Are Severely Impaired in Interaction with Promoter DNA and Acidic Activation Domains

Biochemical experiments indicate that the general transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) can interact directly with acidic activation domains and that activators can stimulate transcription by increasing recruitment of TFIIB to promoters. For promoters at which recruitment of TFIIB to promoters is limiting in vivo, one would predict that transcriptional activity should be particularly sensitive to TFIIB mutations that decrease the association of TFIIB with promoter DNA and/or with activation domains; i.e., such TFIIB mutations should exacerbate a limiting step that occurs in wild-type cells. Here, we describe mutations on the DNA-binding surface of TFIIB that severely affect both TATA-binding protein (TBP)-TFIIB-TATA complex formation and interaction with the VP16 activation domain in vitro. These TFIIB mutations affect the stability of the TBP-TFIIB-TATA complex in vivo because they are synthetically lethal in combination with TBP mutants impaired for TFIIB binding. Interestingly, these TFIIB derivatives support viability, and they efficiently respond to Gal4-VP16 and natural acidic activators in different promoter contexts. These results suggest that in vivo, recruitment of TFIIB is not generally a limiting step for acidic activators. However, one TFIIB derivative shows reduced transcription of GAL4, suggesting that TFIIB may be limiting at a subset of promoters in vivo.
Limit of Effective Area for Single-Mode Operation in Step-Index Large Mode Area Laser Fibers

Step-index (SI) fiber designs are commonly used in achieving large mode area (LMA) and single-mode (SM) operation in fiber lasers. These fibers can either be intrinsically single-moded fibers or few-moded fibers, which can be forced into SM operation through bending. In this paper we evaluate the limitation of the effective area for SM operation by taking into account the effects of practical constraints such as fiber bending loss, laser performance, and fiber mechanical reliability on these LMA fiber designs. It is shown that the effective area of these fibers cannot be arbitrarily scaled up with the size of the fiber core. We also use the modeling result to provide estimated upper limits to the core diameters and corresponding effective areas for conventional SI fiber designs taking into account fiber parameters that are achievable nowadays.
Ultrafast electron diffraction: structural dynamics of molecular rearrangement in the NO release from nitrobenzene.

Nitro compounds release NO, NO_2, and other species, but neither the structures during the reactions nor the time scales are known. Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) allowed the study of the NO release from nitrobenzene, and the molecular pathways and the structures of the transient species were identified. It was observed, in contrast to previous inferences, that nitric oxide and phenoxyl radicals are formed dominantly and that the time scale of formation is 8.8±2.2 ps. The structure of the phenoxyl radical was determined for the first time, and found to be quinoid-like. The mechanism proposed involves a repulsive triplet state, following intramolecular rearrangement. This efficient generation of NO may have important implications for the control of by-products in drug delivery and other applications.
The coupling effects of some thiol and other sulfur-containing compounds on the circadian rhythm of cell division in photosynthetic mutants of Euglena

Previous work has demonstrated a persisting, free-running, circadian rhythm of cell division in the P4ZUL photosynthetic mutant of the alga Euglena gracilis Klebs (Strain Z) Pringsheim grown organotrophically in continuous light or darkness at 19° C following prior synchronization by a repetitive LD: 10,14 light cycle. A similar circadian rhythmicity has been recently discovered in the W6ZHL heat-bleached and the Y9ZNalL naladixic acid-induced mutants of Euglena grown under comparable conditions. Over extended timespans, however, these mutants appear to gradually lose first their ability to display persisting overt rhythms, and then even their capability of being entrained by imposed LD cycles. These properties can be restored by the addition of certain sulfur-containing compounds to the medium including cysteine, methionine, dithiothreital, sodium monosulfide, sodium sulfite, and sodium thiosulfate, as well as thioglycolic [mercaptoacetic] acid. The implications of these findings toward biological clock mechanisms are discussed: It appears that some sort of coupling process is operating as opposed to the initiation of an underlying oscillation.
A nursing approach to the treatment of drug addicts: Evaluation of an educational programme

Resume L'article decrit le role des infirmieres qui s'occupent des toxicomanes, va plupart des infirmieres n'etant pas preparees a manier le toxicomane, prompt a passer aux actes et auquel on ne peut se fier, elles semblent plutot reagir au patient que lui repondre objectivement. Elles sont considerees comme des gardiennes plutot que comme des personnes qui dispensent des soins et des conflits eclatent, dont le resultat est une approche non therapeutique du toxicomane. L'article discute les theories de l'accoutumance aux drogues, les problemes que l'on rencontre en soignant les toxicomanes et cette "inversion du role" de l'infirmiere. On a suggere qu'un groupe de travail concu pour augmenter les connaissances theoriques en matiere de toxicomanie et la conscience que l'infirmiere a de ses reactions envers ce genre de patients pourrait conduire a une amelioration du traitement des toxicomanes. Le "Yale Drug Dependency Institute" (DDI) est un de ces programmes et est decrit dans l'article. Une liste de questions a se poser soi-meme a ete elaboree pour eclairer les reactions de l'infirmiere a des situations infirmiere-toxicomane hypothetiques. L'hypothese etait que suite a leur participation au DDI les membres du cadre infirmier amelioreraient leurs cotes de reponse, ce qui refleterait une amelioration de leur traitement therapeutique des toxicomanes. Le questionnaire a ete presente a l'echantillon de recherche, un groupe de 26 infirmieres diplomees (R.N.) et assistantes psychiatriques (P.A.) du departement de toxicomanie d'un hopital d'Etat. Le questionnaire a ete presente a deux groupes, le groupe experimental (e) et le groupe temoin (c), aux memes moments, une premiere fois juste avant les deux semaines de DDI et une seconde fois aussitot apres. Le groupe (e) n'a pas obtenu des cotes significativement plus elevees que le groupe (c) apres avoir suivi le DDI. L'article avance des explications possibles du manque de renforcement de l'hypothese; elles sont basees sur des limitations inherentes a l'outil de mesure, une selection faussee de l'echantillon, des previsions non planifiees du personnel et des differences dans la planification du programme prevue dans le contexte du DDI.
Relationship of virulent and attenuated rna oncogenic virus antigens to surface antigens of the virus‐transformed cell: Implications for the reverse transcriptase system, the provirus, protovirus and oncogene theories of neoplasia, and the lmmunoprophylaxis of RNA virus‐induced tumors

Immunization with Rauscher leukemia virus resulted in high antibody levels against the virustransformed malignant cell. As expected, antibody to malignant cells followed immunization with standard virus preparations highly contaminated with cell membranes. Surprisingly, good antibody levels to malignant cells also followed immunization with highly purified virus, electron microscopically free of cell membranes. The antibody response to malignant cells paralleled the antibody response to the virus, under a variety of conditions. Immunization of mice with formalin-inactivated virus preparations, contaminated with cell membranes, resulted in protection of the mice against subsequent challenge with malignant cells. In addition, good immunity to malignant cells followed immunization with live, attenuated Rauscher virus, which was harvested from nonmalignant cells. This attenuated virus produced no malignancy after inoculation and presumably contains only viral antigens, and no malignant cell antigens. These studies strengthen the evidence that Rauscher virus is the “tumor specific transplantation antigen” on the surface of the Rauscher malignant cell. Rauscher virus is presumably integrated into the cell surface membranes which are, therefore, likely sites for transmission of cell enzymes and other proteins into the virus particle. This transfer of material from cell surface to virus particle may explain the Increasing number of enzymes, including “reverse transcriptases,” which have been isolated from RNA tumor viruses. Some such mechanism must be invoked because these viruses do not have sufficient nucleic acid to code for all the “virus-associated” enzymes.
Spinach Leaf Chloroplast CO2 and NO2− Photoassimilations Do Not Compete for Photogenerated Reductant: Manipulation of Reductant Levels by Quantum Flux Density Titrations

Potential competition between CO 2 and NO 2 − photoassimilation for photogenerated reductant ( e.g. reduced ferredoxin and NADPH) was examined employing isolates of mesophyll cells and intact chloroplasts derived from mature `source9 spinach leaves. Variations in the magnitude of incident light energy were used to manipulate the supply of reductant in situ within chloroplasts. Leaf cell and plastid isolates were fed with saturating CO 2 and/or NO 2 − to produce the highest demand for reductant by CO 2 and/or NO 2 − assimilatory processes (enzymes). Even in the presence of CO 2 fixation, NO 2 − reduction in intact leaf cell isolates as well as plastid isolates was maximal at light energies as low as 50 to 200 microeinsteins per second per square meter. Simultaneously, 500 to 800 microeinsteins per second per square meter were required to support maximal CO 2 assimilation. Regardless of the magnitude of the incident light energy, CO 2 assimilation did not repress NO 2 − reduction, nor were these two processes mutually repressed. These observations have been interpreted to mean that reduced ferredoxin levels in situ in the plastids of mature source leaf mesophyll cells were adequate to supply the concurrent maximal demands exerted by enzymes associated with CO 2 as well as with inorganic nitrogen photoassimilation.
Additive and Multiplicative Structure in Matrix Spaces

Let $A$ be a set of $N$ matrices. Let $g(A)\ccolon=|A+A|+|A\cdot A|$, where $A+A=\{a_1 + a_2 \mid a_i \in A\}$ and $A\cdot A=\{a_1a_2 \mid a_i \in A\}$ are the sum set and product set. We prove that if the determinant of the difference of any two distinct matrices in $A$ is nonzero, then $g(A)$ cannot be bounded below by $cN$ for any constant $c$. We also prove that if $A$ is a set of $d\times d$ symmetric matrices, then there exists $\varepsilon=\varepsilon (d)>0$ such that $g(A)>N^{1+\varepsilon}.$ For the first result, we use the bound on the number of factorizations in a generalized progression. For the symmetric case, we use a technical proposition which provides an affine space $V$ containing a large subset $E$ of $A$, with the property that if an algebraic property holds for a large subset of $E$, then it holds for $V$. Then we show that the system $\{a^2\ccolon a\in V\}$ is commutative, allowing us to decompose ${\mathbb R}^d$ as eigenspaces simultaneously, so we can finish the proof with induction and a variant of the Erdos–Szemeredi argument.
The physical mapping problem for parallel architectures

The problem of realizing an idealized parallel architecture on a (possibly fault-laden) physical architecture is studied. Our formulation performs the mapping in the light of the algorithm that one wants to implement on the idealized architecture. A version of the mapping algorithm suggested by the DIOGENES methodology for designing fault-tolerant VLSI processor arrays is settled definitely. Two quality metrics for mappings are considered, the first embodying an idealized notion of average delay, which relates to power consumption, and the second being the length of the longest run of wire. For the average-delay measure, four algorithms that optimally assign the m vertices of the embedded graph to the n fault-free processors that have been fabricated are presented. The most general algorithm makes no assumptions about the structure of the array or the physical format of the processors; it runs in time O(m · (n - m)2). The other algorithms assume that the processors are laid out in such a way that interprocessor distances obey the triangle equality; they run in times ranging from time O(max{m, n - m} · log min {m, n - m}) for certain array structures, including linear arrays, to time O(max{m, n - m}) for a narrow class of array structures, including pyramid arrays. For the max-wire-run cost measure, it is shown that the problem of finding cost-optimal vertex-to-processor assignments is NP-complete. However, an algorithm is presented that yields, in time O(m · (n - m)2), vertex-to-processor assignments that are within a factor of 3 of optimal (they are optimal when the input graph-embedding is outplanar). This algorithm can easily be converted to one that yields, in time O(m · (n - m)3), vertex-to-processor assignments that are within a factor of 2 of optimal. Finally, an algorithm that yields optimal assignments when the interprocessor distances obey the triangle equality is presented; this algorithm operates in time O(m · (n - m) · log(m · (n - m)) · log M), where M is the largest interprocessor distance.
Evaluating the Deming Management Model of Total Quality in Services

This article uses the Deming management model developed by Anderson et al. (1994b) as an initial template to analyze total quality in services. While the literatures addressing quality management have developed separately for products and services, the founders of total quality portrayed this management philosophy as universally oriented. Our study first replicates two earlier studies that tested the Deming management model in manufacturing industries. Using hospitals as our unit of analysis, we realized findings similar to the earlier manufacturing studies. Next, we used contributions from the MBNQA literature to test an enhanced model. Our subsequent findings support the MBNQA concept that “leadership drives the system that creates results” and provides evidence of the ubiquitous importance of leadership for ensuring the success of a quality improvement program. Finally, an anomaly of this study and those published earlier is the inability to find support for the relationship between continuous improvement and customer satisfaction. Integrating the substantial work in the service quality literature focused on customer satisfaction measurement is recommended to future researchers to help resolve this issue and further enhance the model.
Using out‐of‐school experience in science lessons: an impossible task?

L'auteur commente l'article de K. Mayoh et S. Knutton paru dans International Journal of Science Education, 1997, vol. 19, n°7, pp. 849-867. Il replace la question de l'utilisation des experiences extra-scolaires au cours de sciences dans le cadre plus large de la pertinence de la science pour la societe, preoccupation du courant Science Technologie et Societe (STS) qui a donne lieu en fait a peu de travaux de recherche. Apres avoir examine les resultats d'autres travaux de recherche ayant aborde cette question, l'auteur trace quelques pistes pour un questionnement epistemologique qui puisse deboucher sur des travaux feconds.
Heuristic Evaluation of Healthy Eating Apps for Older Adults

The benefits of fruits and vegetables for older adults include reducing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Tablets like the iPad can promote healthy behaviors, but usability issues for older adults remain unclear. Three experts evaluated five iPad apps related to fruit and vegetable intake using heuristics adapted from existing heuristics. Eight problems emerged: 1) icons use symbols and text with little connection to functionality; 2) unfamiliar symbols; 3) unnecessary steps required to complete tasks; 4) few accessibility features; 5) small text; 6) insufficient color contrast; 7) insufficient instructional features; and 8) unlabeled advertising. Design recommendations are presented for each problem.
Perceptual embedded image coding using wavelet transforms

We present a modified version of an embedded wavelet coding scheme, first suggested by Shapiro (see IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol.41, no. 12, p.3445-3462, 1993), that improves the performance of the original algorithm in a visual subjective distortion sense. We preserve the features of the original Shapiro's embedded coder. It is possible to choose a fixed target bit rate, as the information needed to represent an image coded at some rate always contains the needed information for the same image coded at lower rates. Therefore, the decoder can cease decoding the bit stream at any point, simulating an image coded at a lower rate corresponding to the truncated bit stream. We also introduce some perceptive improvements by adopting different (more regular) filters with respect to the original QMF pyramid filters proposed by Simoncelli, Hingorani et al. (1987) and used by Shapiro. These filters are synthesized using a "wavelet approach" instead of a "subband approach", and this leads to a better control on their regularity properties, jointly with better perceptual performance.
Negative dysphotopsia: A perfect storm

The objective of this review was to provide a summary of the peer-reviewed literature on the etiologies of negative dysphotopsia that occurs after routine cataract surgery. A search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Retina Medical identified 59 reports. Negative dysphotopsia has been associated with many types of intraocular lenses (IOLs), including hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylic, silicone, and 1-piece and 3-piece designs. Proposed etiologies include edge design, edge smoothness, edge thickness, index of refraction of the IOL, pupil size, amount of functional nasal retina, edema from the clear corneal incision, distance between the iris and IOL, amount of pigmentation of the eye, corneal shape, prominent globe and shallow orbit, and interaction between the anterior capsulorhexis and IOL. Treatments include a piggyback IOL, reverse optic capture, dilation of the pupil, constriction of the pupil, neodymium:YAG capsulotomy of the nasal portion of the anterior capsule, IOL exchange with round-edged optics, and time alone. This review summarizes the findings. Financial Disclosure Dr. Henderson is a consultant to Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Bausch & Lomb, and Genzyme Corp. Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Non-invasive Analyte Access and Sensing through Eccrine Sweat: Challenges and Outlook circa 2016

Despite the many ergonomic advantages of eccrine perspiration (sweat) compared to other possible biofluids (particularly in “wearable” devices), sweat remains an underrepresented source of biomarker analytes compared to the established biofluids blood, urine, and saliva. Upon closer comparison to other non-invasive biofluids, the advantages may even extend beyond ergonomics: sweat might provide superior analyte information. A number of challenges, however, have historically kept sweat from its place in the pantheon of clinical samples. These challenges include very low sample volumes (nL to µL), unknown concentration due to evaporation, filtration and dilution of large analytes, mixing of old and new sweat, and the potential for contamination from the skin surface. More recently, rapid progress in “wearable” sweat sampling and sensing devices has resolved several of the historical challenges. However, this recent progress has also been limited to high concentration analytes (µM to mM) sampled at high sweat rates (>1 nL/min/gland, e.g. athletics). Progress will be much more challenging as sweat biosensing moves towards use with sedentary users (low sweat rates or not sweating at all) and/or towards low concentration analytes (pM to nM). Addressing these unresolved challenges will require significant advances in sweat stimulation, sample collection efficiency, compact sensors, and likely more. Fortunately, none of the remaining challenges appear to be fundamentally blocking, and scientific and engineering innovations have the opportunity to enable broader application of sweat biosensing technology.
3D Seismic Modelling With Topography Using Mimetic Finite-Differences

We present a novel FD scheme which can solve accurately elastic wave propagation in the presence of topography in 3D. It is based upon a Fully Staggered Grid and employs grid deformation and mimetic operators to obtain results with very few points per wavelength when compared to other similar approaches. We describe the advantages and pitfalls of the method and compare the results to those obtained with classical FD approaches for the case of topography and the wellestablished discontinuous Galerkin case. We find that the mimetic FSG approach is both accurate and computationally inexpensive when compared to other numerical approaches and hence can fulfill interesting roles in the fields of seismic modelling, imaging and inversion for the elastic case.
The Gatton Academy A Case Study of a State Residential High School With a Focus on Mathematics and Science

This article describes the Carol Martin Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science in Kentucky, a residential high school for juniors and seniors supported by the state budget. The school opened in ...
An Architecture of Embedded Networked Control System for Robots

The advantages and disadvantages of the networked control system based on serial-bus for robot control system are discussed.A distributed multi-CAN(controller area network) bus control system which is made up of ARM(advanced RISC machine) and FPGA(field programmable gate array) is described.This architecture effectively reduces the bandwidth requirement for networked servo system,and can implement hierarchical control information processing and real-time servocontrol. A multi-CAN bus controller based on FPGA is designed,and the realization method of the robot control software architecture on Linux is analyzed.The networked control system is validated by its application to modularized robot.
Disproportionate trends in ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: projections through 2025 and a literature review

Background Medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries of the elbow that require surgical management are uncommon. There is growing evidence, however, suggesting that the incidence of UCL reconstruction (UCLR) procedures is rapidly increasing. We sought to quantify the incidence of age-related trends for UCLR from 2003 to 2014 and subsequently to project future trends through 2025. We hypothesized that as the total number of UCLRs performed increased, a disproportionate incidence among younger patients would be observed. Methods New York State's Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was queried from 2003 to 2014 to identify individuals between 10 and 40 years old undergoing UCLR. Poisson regression was used to develop future projections for UCLR and New York State population through 2025, and incidence estimates per 100,000 people were calculated. Results In New York State between 2003 and 2014, there were 890 patients who underwent UCLR, with average annual incidence per 100,000 people equaling 6.3 ± 2.8 for ages 15 to 19 years, significantly greater than for all other age groups ( P Conclusions The number of UCLRs performed between 2003 and 2014 increased by 343%, and a disproportionate trend in average annual incidence for patients between 15 and 19 years old was observed. As our review of the literature questioned outcomes in adolescent athletes after UCLR, continued attempts at preventing these injuries in the young throwing athlete remain paramount.
Do I have to resuscitate this patient against her wishes

In this case scenario, the family physician successfully performed a task that often is forgotten during physician-patient visits—the physician frequently discussed with this patient her wishes for end-of-life care. The conversations specifically included her thoughts about respirators, CPR, and other potential life-prolonging treatments.
Serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in coronary artery disease; a review of 201 cases.

The results of serial glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) assays in 201 cases in which coronary artery disease was suspected are correlated with the clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic changes. In 95 per cent of the cases diagnosed as myocardial infarction on the basis of clinical and electrocardiographic evidence there was an elevation of serum GOT. On the other hand, in 12 per cent of the cases in which clinical and electrocardiographic findings were negative or equivocal with regard to myocardial infarction, there was an elevated serum GOT. In 18 cases that were autopsied the correlation between acute myocardial necrosis and serum GOT elevation was 100 per cent.
Abstract P339: Benefits of Achieving Optimal Risk Factor Levels for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Men

Context: Most cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs after age 65. The additive benefits of aggressive risk factor management with advancing age are not well established. Objective: Evaluate the relationship between the intensity of control of 4 modifiable risk factors [smoking, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), blood pressure, and aspirin use] and the risk of CVD in a primary prevention population of men ≥65 years. Methods: The study population was comprised of 4203 U.S. male physicians from the Physicians' Health Study who in 1997 were aged ≥65 years, free of CVD and diabetes, and had lipids available. The primary endpoint was first of any CVD event, defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, angina, coronary revascularization, non-fatal stroke, transient ischemic attack, carotid artery surgery, and other peripheral vascular disease surgery. Age and risk factor adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for competing causes of death. Results: Mean age was 73 years and 96% were nonsmokers; 28% experienced a CVD event during the mean 9 year follow-up. Few had optimal levels of all 4 modifiable risk factors (6%): 18% had an untreated non-HDL-C<130 mg/dl; 54% had an untreated blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg; and 51% used aspirin; <1% had none of the 4 risk factors controlled. Compared to when all 4 risk factors were controlled (6%), CVD risk increased by 55% when 3 of 4 risk factors (36%) were controlled (event rate 25%; HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.08-2.22), 75% when 2 of 4 risk factors (44%) were controlled (event rate 28%; HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.22-2.49), and more than doubled when 1 of 4 risk factors (14%) were controlled (event rate 35%; HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.57-3.34); p for trend p=0.0002. The number-needed to control to prevent one CVD event over 9 years ranged from 4 to 11 depending on the number of risk factors controlled. Conclusion: In elderly men, not smoking, control of non-HDL-C and blood pressure, and aspirin use conferred substantial protection against incident CVD events. Nonetheless, the CVD event remained high even in those with well-controlled risk factors ≥65, emphasizing the need for optimal risk factor control throughout adulthood.
Assessment Inequity in a Declining Housing Market: The Case of Detroit

We examine the degree to which assessment practices in the City of Detroit have created substantial inequities in property tax payments across residential properties. Two key contributions of this article include: (1) inequities created by assessment practices are examined in a collapsed real estate market, and (2) quantile regression techniques are used to determine how assessment practices have altered assessment distributions within and across property value groups. Results show that current practices have created a wide range of property tax payments across properties with similar value (horizontal inequity), and similar tax payments for properties of differing values (vertical inequity).
Oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with curative intent.

e19034 Background: Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carries a poor prognosis with a median survivals of 8-10 months (up to 16-19 months with maintenance therapy in adenocarcinoma) and 3 ...
Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Is Voluntary Self-Reporting a Signal of Effective Self-Policing?

Administrative agencies are increasingly establishing voluntary self-reporting programs, both as an investigative tool and as a way of encouraging regulated firms to police themselves. Effective self-policing is critical to contemporary regulatory designs, which rely heavily on regulated entities to monitor and assure their own regulatory compliance. We investigate whether self-reporting, or the voluntary disclosure of legal violations, can serve as a reliable signal of the discloser’s effective self-policing efforts, which might warrant a reduction in regulatory scrutiny. We find that voluntary disclosures are associated with improvements in regulatory compliance and environmental performance, indicating that self-reporting is associated with effective self-policing. In addition, we find evidence that regulators subsequently reduced their scrutiny over voluntary disclosers, which suggests that self-reporting can help regulators economize government enforcement resources and develop cooperative relationships with firms that are committed to self-policing.
Family-friendly benefits and full-time working mothers’ labor force persistence

ABSTRACTFamily-friendly benefits are intended to help mothers balance rather than juggle work and family. Prior research assumes that family-friendly benefits have a similar effect on mothers’ persistence in full-time work across parity. However, there is evidence that the transitions to first-time and second-time motherhood are qualitatively, as well as quantitatively, different experiences. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), we investigate women’s labor force status (full-time, part-time, and not working) after both parity transitions among women who were working in the labor force full-time prior to the birth of their first child. We find that mothers often persist in the same labor force status after the birth of their second child that they held after the birth of their first child, but there is wide variability in labor force and parity pathways. In addition, a wider array of family-friendly benefits is associated with second-time mothers’ full-time work than first-time mothers.
The System Administration Maturity Model - SAMM

The Capability Maturity Model (CMM), published by the Software Engineering Institute has been used by software development organizations to improve the processes used to develop software products. The System Administration Maturity Model (SAMM) is an adaptation of the CMM to make it more relevant for system and network administration organizations. The SAMM seeks to describe the key processes required for a system and network administration organization to flourish into higher levels of process maturity and enjoy the benefits associated with mature organizations such as high quality products and services produced on time, and within budget limits.
Medium-Range Atomic Correlation from the PDF Analysis

While well-established methods exist for determining the long-range or short-range atomic order, very few techniques are available to assess the nanometer scale medium-range (4 — 20 A) order (MRO). Yet, properties of materials often are significantly affected by the MRO. In this paper we discuss how the MRO can be determined by the method of atomic pair-density function (PDF) analysis, and how the information relevant to understanding the properties can be deduced from the results, using the results on colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganites as an example.
Producer Quality Assurance Programs

Essentially all animal commodity organizations have established quality assurance programs designed to ensure food safety and quality. Most of these programs were originally implemented to address problems with veterinary drug residues. Many of the current programs have or plan to include food safety critical control points with specific guidelines on how to control or reduce pathogen load. The continued focus placed on food safety by today's consumer demands that American producers ensure that their commodities are wholesome, safe, and of high quality in order to remain competitive in the global marketplace. Veterinarians should recognize that it is important to encourage food animal producers to participate in quality assurance programs for their clients' economic health and for food safety and protection of public health. Commodities certified as being produced under good production practices or by producers certified as following a recognized and validated quality assurance program often bring a premium price. Also, some slaughter establishments are beginning to require producers to be certified as practicing under a recognized quality assurance program before animals are accepted for processing. This practice is being driven partially by the demands placed on slaughter establishments by the US Department of Agriculture's implementation of the Pathogen Reduction, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems regulation. Regardless of why producer trade association quality assurance programs have come into existence, veterinarians should promote the programs as an excellent mechanism to help ensure everyone's goal of a safe, wholesome food supply.