cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coincidence or cascade? The temporal relation between locomotor behaviors and the emergence of stranger anxiety.

Abstract Two infant milestones, self-propelled locomotion and stranger anxiety, tend to emerge at a similar age in development. An adaptive relation may exist in which the onset of one influences the development of the other in individual children. We examine whether these milestones systematically co-occur and whether one reliably precedes the other. In the current study, 104 parents completed weekly online surveys between 6 and 12 months, noting milestones as they occurred. Onset ages for locomotor behaviors were correlated with onset of stranger anxiety over and above a milestone in a third domain, namely consonant-vowel babbling. These data suggest that infants’ earliest locomotor behaviors may play a role in galvanizing the development of stranger anxiety.
Mechanisms of Change in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly efficacious for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), not all patients benefit, and mechanisms underlying response remain unknown. In this first report of the mechanisms underlying improvement with CBT for BDD, we examined whether cognitive (maladaptive beliefs, perfectionism, schemas) and behavioral (checking, grooming, avoidance behaviors) changes mediate the effect of CBT on BDD symptom reduction. Forty-five participants with BDD who enrolled in a CBT for BDD treatment development study were included in two sets of analyses: (1) between-subject mediation of the effect of 12 weeks of CBT versus waitlist, and (2) within-subject mediation of longitudinal change in BDD symptom severity during 24 weeks of CBT. No significant mediators emerged in the between-subject analysis. Checking, grooming, avoidance behaviors, and maladaptive beliefs mediated within-subject improvements over time. Findings suggest that BDD symptom reduction occurs through the very mechanisms that have been hypothesized to maintain BDD in CBT models. Targeting certain cognitive (beliefs about appearance) and behavioral (checking, grooming, and avoidance behaviors) mechanisms in future treatment trials may enhance symptom improvement during CBT. National Clinical Trials Registration Identifier # NCT00106223.
A Novel Method for Recognition, Localization, and Alarming to Prevent Swimmers from Drowning

With the recent statistics from a growing number of fatalities due to drowning in swimming pools. Studies show that the errors resulting in drowning are mainly from a lack of focus from lifeguards and guardians, if they are present, especially within large and underlit swimming pools. In this paper, a novel method allowing precise positioning, efficient identification, and timely alarms to help rescue swimmers from drowning are proposed. The purpose of this study is to mainly focus on determining whether swimmers are drowning or not while they are in the pool. Ultrasonic transmitters and receivers are used to determine the swimmer position. Hydraulic pressure detectors are also used to determine how deep the swimmer is going. The hydraulic data is transmitted wirelessly to be processed. Hence, to confirm the efficiency of this proposed method, an acoustic simulator has been used to analyze the distance information obtained by the ultrasonic waves. The results verify that the proposed algorithm can precisely calculate the 3D position of the swimmer. Then the swimmer's movement information can be analyzed to determine whether the swimmer is drowning or not. If drowning is detected, the system will set the alarm.
U.S. trade indicators and epidemics: Lessons from the 2003 SARS outbreak

We revisited the 2003 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-2003) and its role in two U.S. indicators — U.S. merchandise exports to countries in the East Asia Pacific (EAP) region and domestic U.S. jobs supported by these exports. We employed a quasi-experimental approach where SARS-2003 average treatment effects were derived from comparing before-2003 and after-2003 differences in indicator trends for EAP countries that experienced the bulk of 2003 epidemic transmission (China, T aiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore) and EAP countries that did not, controlling for observed and unobserved country heterogeneity that might concurrently determine trends in trade. The SARS-2003 outbreak was associated with a USD 29 billion relative reduction in U.S. merchandise exports to the group of high-burden SARS countries, with a corresponding relative loss of 61,200 U.S. jobs. These effects were largely explained by a slowdown in exports from the U.S. manufacturing sector (USD 24.9 billion). No significant post-2003 effects were estimated for either exports or jobs, indicating a relatively quick rebound
Drug Testing Policies and Practices: Predicting Successful Outcomes among Juveniles Participating in Pretrial Diversion Programs

Drug testing is a frequent condition of juvenile justice programs, although research on the effects of drug testing juveniles – especially early system-involved youth – is scarce. The risk-needs-re...
Anger: A Secularized Theological Concept

Media accounts often suggest that anger motivates the rise of populist political movements. Indeed, populism and anger are so closely associated in popular discourse as to become almost one: populi...
Family Structure and Child Behavior in the United Kingdom

Child behavior problems are associated with an array of negative outcomes that can continue into adulthood. Because much of the social development and adjustment for children in early to middle childhood takes place in the home, families are of special interest in understanding child behavioral problems. Past research suggests an association between more stable family structures and healthier child behavioral outcomes. However, much of the research assessing behavioral outcomes has overlooked more complex family structure types and trajectories or has not considered how finer measures of family structure may clarify the connection between family structure and child behavior. Using the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a longitudinal study of children in the United Kingdom, we examine the relationships between various types of family structure stability and instability on child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Our results suggest that internalizing behavioral problems differ only slightly across all eight family structure trajectories and are instead explained by differences in other family characteristics such as stress and parental selectivity. Conversely, we find that family structure and trajectories of family structure change are associated with child externalizing problems, independent of other family characteristics. Despite the increase in frequency and normalization of non-traditional family structures in the UK, such as cohabitation, single parent and stepparent families, we find that children in stable married families experience fewer externalizing behavior problems compared to children in other family structures.
Spatial determinants of U.S. FDI and exports in OECD countries

World foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have been characterized by an unprecedented growth over the last four decades, with an uneven distribution across countries. This paper analyzes the spatial interdependence/third-country effects of multinational enterprises (MNE) for affiliate location choice and spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI). We specify a simultaneous equations model estimated using the generalized spatial two-stage least squares method on a sample of 25 OECD recipient countries of U.S. FDI during the period spanning the years 1999–2009. Our results lend support to the existence of complex vertical FDI and the significance of third-country effects, which is indicative of agglomeration economies.
Lumped Parameter Circular Plate Stability Analysis

This paper presents a technique for finding the buckling load for a circular plate under very general conditions. The classical circular plate stability problem involves solving a transcendental characteristic equation, including Bessel functions. The in-plane buckling load can be determined analytically for only a few simple plate configurations. A complex plate with varying sectional properties, in-span supports, foundations, or varying in-plane force requires a numerical technique.
Reducing file system tail latencies with Chopper

We present Chopper, a tool that efficiently explores the vast input space of file system policies to find behaviors that lead to costly performance problems. We focus specifically on block allocation, as unexpected poor layouts can lead to high tail latencies. Our approach utilizes sophisticated statistical methodologies, based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and sensitivity analysis, to explore the search space efficiently and diagnose intricate design problems. We apply Chopper to study the overall behavior of two file systems, and to study Linux ext4 in depth. We identify four internal design issues in the block allocator of ext4 which form a large tail in the distribution of layout quality. By removing the underlying problems in the code, we cut the size of the tail by an order of magnitude, producing consistent and satisfactory file layouts that reduce data access latencies.
The primary structure of regions of SV 40 DNA encoding the ends of mRNA.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the small DNA virus SV40 provides an excellent model for the analysis of the structure and mechanism of expression of genes functioning in the nucleus of an animal cell. The virus code for a protein of mass no more than 170,000 daltons; over one-third of this consists of capsid proteins that are formed only after DNA replication has begun. Presumably, the processes involved in “early” gene expression and most of those for “late” gene expression are available and utilized for host genes also, so that detailed knowledge of SV40 could provide appropriate analogs for the function of host cell genes. The chapter analyzes the cytoplasmic polyadenylate-containing RNA in cells infected with SV40, to locate the precise sequences of the genome encoding the 3' and 5' ends of cytoplasmic RNA. It examines the nucleotide sequences of the SV40 DNA overlapping the regions. Analyses were performed both on RNA transcripts of restriction fragments of the virus DNA and directly on the DNA. Interpretation of the results is limited, in that the sites of initiation and termination of transcription on viral DNA may not correspond to the ends of the cytoplasmic RNA because of possible nucleolytic processing of precursors. It reviews that certain analogies can be noted between untranslated sequences in SV40 and sequences at the ends of prokaryotic DNA transcripts.
Cellular Aspects of Trophic Actions in the Nervous System

During the past three decades the number of molecules exhibiting trophic actions in the brain has increased drastically. These molecules promote and/or control proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival (sometimes even the death) of their target cells. In this review a comprehensive overview of small diffusible factors showing trophic actions in the central nervous system (CNS) is given. The factors discussed are neurotrophins, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factors, ciliary neurotrophic factor and related molecules, glial-derived growth factor and related molecules, transforming growth factor-β and related molecules, neurotransmitters, and hormones. All factors are discussed with respect to their trophic actions, their expression patterns in the brain, and molecular aspects of their receptors and intracellular signaling pathways. It becomes evident that there does not exist “the” trophic factor in the CNS but rather a multitude of them interacting with each other in a complicated network of trophic actions forming and maintaining the adult nervous system.
Field emission display development and testing

Field Emission Displays (FEDs) can have significant advantages over existing display technologies, particularly in the area of small, high-resolution displays. Micron Display Technology (MDT) has been developing a high-resolution display for use in camcorder viewfinders, HMDs, and virtual reality headware. The display has characteristics which make it superior to the present LCDs which dominate the small color display market. The history of this display development, its advantages, and the display characteristics are discussed here. In addition, as FEDs move from prototypes into production, it becomes necessary to develop new technologies which enable production-level testing of these devices. A vacuum probe station has been developed for rapid testing of FED cathodes. This probe station is discussed.
Numerical analysis of the radiation properties of ferrite patch antennas

Patch antennas on ferrite substrates are attractive because they offer greater agility in controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Their inherent anisotropy and non-reciprocal properties, permit variable frequency tuning, and antenna polarization diversity. External biasing of the ferrite substrate also allows for beam steering, pattern shape control, and radar cross section control, by forcing the ferrite into a cut-off state. To provide for greater flexibility in modeling the ferrite substrate and the substrate cavity, we perform an analysis of the ferrite patch using the Finite Element-Boundary Integral (FE-BI) method. As usual, the substrate housed within the cavity is modeled by the Finite Element Method (FEM) using an edge-based formulation. Consequently, multiple substrate (and superstrate) layers can be handled easily including lateral material inhomogeneities within each layer. Although we have already implemented rectangular brick elements, we employ tetrahedral elements because of their ability to model various geometries. In our formulation, the FE mesh is truncated at the surface of the cavity using the rigorous BI method. Thus, the proposed FE-BI implementation is equally rigorous to the traditional MoM (employing the substrate Green's function) and allows modeling of finite and inhomogeneous substrates.
Dual Trident UWB Planar Antenna with Band Notch for WLAN

In this paper a compact microstrip fed ultra-wideband antenna with a band notch characteristic is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two tridents and two split ring resonators. The overall size of the antenna is 26 mm× 24 mm× 1.53 mm. By adding the uneven split ring resonators to the dual trident ultra-wideband antenna, a band notch of 5.05 GHz to 5.9 GHz is achieved. The band notch is adjusted by the size and the split locations of the resonators. CST microwave studios software was used to simulate the design. The measured |S11| (dB) pass band and notch band agree with the simulation within the frequency band from 3.65 GHz to 12.85 GHz.
The Relative Strength of Israel's Private Colleges

It is unfortunate that the strikers have failed to work together for the improvement of education at the secondary and postsecondary levels. The best strategy would have been to join forces toward the common goal of saving the education system before it is too late. Unfortunately, instead, the principle of the survival of the fittest worked once again. The government has treated both strikes with apathy and indifference at best, conceivably as part of a larger plan to privatize all social aspects of society. Israel has an economy that is knowledge based. Thus, it is of concern that with an economy less problematic than in the past, the government is unwilling to invest in education, which everybody understands to be crucial to Israel's future.
Performance evaluation of complex spreading MIMO systems in Rayleigh fading and interference

In this paper, we evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performances of digital communication systems that employ complex spreading modulation schemes in Rayleigh fading for various jamming scenarios. The jamming signals are barrage noise, pulsed noise, and tone jamming. Specifically, we consider quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (64QAM). For these modulations, we derive the BER performances for various diversity combinations of transmit and receive antennas. In particular, we emphasize the multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) configurations.
ORGANIC EXCRETION BY DUNALIELLA TERTIOLECTA1

SUMMARY Excretion of C14-labeled organic material by Dunaliella tertiolecta was observed under a variety of conditions. In healthy cultures, percent excretion tints related to cell density bill independent of light and preconditioning of the medium. Exaction was lower in nutrient-limited culture than in an enriched medium, and in both cases was minimal during logarithmic growth. Increases in dissolved carbohydrate during stationary phase represented an accumulation of high molecular weight compounds. The general composition of labeled excretory products was similar in both actively growing and stationary cultures. The data suggest that excretion may involve different processes at high and low cell densities.
Relativistic calculations of cross sections for ionization of U90+ and U91+ ions by electron impact.

Relativistic distorted-wave calculations have been made of the cross sections for electron-impact ionization of ${\mathrm{U}}^{90+}$ and ${\mathrm{U}}^{91+}$ ions with the generalized Breit interaction included between bound and free electrons. Good agreement is obtained with recent electron-beam ion-trap experiments [R. E. Marrs, S. R. Elliott, and D. A. Knapp, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 4082 (1994)].
Studies on Immunization Against Plague VIII. Study of Three Immunizing Preparations in Protecting Primates Against Pneumonic Plague

While it is generally held that vaccination is of value for controlling insectborne bubonic plague, most workers in this field doubt or even deny its efficacy in combatting pneumonic plague. This skeptical attitude, taken by several authorities in regard to vaccines made with killed organisms,1 has been shared by the advocates of vaccination with live avirulent plague bacilli. Otten2 was so convinced that his Tjiwidej strain conferred no protection against pneumonic plague that he excluded cases of this nature from the statistics he com-
Identity and Security

A strong identification system presupposes a strong notion of identity. The Internet, though, is multilayered; identity is different at each layer. My computer has three different MAC addresses and several IP addresses, including many IP addresses and logins for different instant message systems. If I switch computers, locations, or employers, several of these would change. Am I no longer myself? Sophistry, some would say; those could all be temporarily bound to my "real" identity. In that case, we already have pretty strong identification, in the combination of time stamp, IP address, and log files. Most online misbehavior comes from hacked machines; in turns, these machines have been hacked because of buggy code. Strong authentication is useful in many circumstances, but the bad guys don't have to go through the authentication system-they simply go around it. A strongly encrypted, strongly authenticated connection between a hacked machine and another target still lets the bad guys in, whereas identification does nothing but mislead the good guys. In other words, identification will be useful only when we don't need it because we've solved the computer security problem.
24/7 Hourly Response to Electricity Real-Time Pricing with up to Eight Summers of Experience

This paper provides hourly own and cross price elasticities for industrial customers with up to 8 years of experience on Duke Power optional real-time rates. We include the effects of customer characteristics and temperature conditions. Aggregated results show larger own elasticities than have previous studies, complementarity within the potential peak hours and substitution in the late evening. As customers gain experience with hourly pricing, they show larger load reductions during higher priced hours. As compared to a TOU rate, net benefits are $14,000 per customer per month, approximately 4% of the average customer’s bill, and much greater than metering costs.
Condition‐dependent expression of red colour differs between stickleback species

Sexual isolation may arise when male mating traits and female preferences differ between species. Such divergence in mating traits is likely to occur when the strength or targets of sexual selection differ. Therefore, by comparing the traits under sexual selection in closely related species and the nature of preference for those traits, we can gain insight into when sexual selection contributes to sexual isolation and how it does so. Collecting these data is no easy undertaking. To simplify this comparison, I use the presence and extent of condition dependence in traits to determine whether directional sexual selection is acting on them. Condition dependence thus serves as a signature of sexual selection. I investigate differences in sexual selection on red nuptial colour in limnetic–benthic species pairs of three-spined sticklebacks. I evaluate condition dependence by comparing the strength of the relationship between colour and condition, and the magnitude of variance in red nuptial colour to other colour traits and to nonsexual traits. I find that limnetic males have strong condition-dependent expression of red nuptial colour whereas benthic males have at most weak condition-dependent expression. Ancestral anadromous males show no condition dependence. This suggests that colour is under strong directional sexual selection only in limnetics and that this is the derived state. Moreover, I find that the strength of female preference for red is related to the extent of condition dependence. The extent of condition dependence is also associated with the importance of colour differences to mate recognition. These results show that differences between these species in the action of sexual selection underlie their sexual isolation.
Dgp1 and Dfp1 are closely related plasmids in the Dictyostelium Ddp2 plasmid family.

Abstract Dictyosteliumplasmids Dgp1 and Dfp1, two members of the Ddp2 plasmid family, are 86% identical in nucleotide sequence. These small (4481 and 5015 bp), high copy number, nuclear plasmids carry both a gene homologous to the Ddp2repgene and a long 0.47- to 0.48-kb inverted repeat region. Their Rep proteins are 82.8% identical in amino acid sequence and carry all 10 of the conserved peptide sequence motifs found in the Ddp2 family Rep proteins. Unlike other members of this family, Dgp1 carries two copies and Dfp1 carries four copies of a 162- to 166-bp direct repeat element. Both the direct and inverted repeat elements, as well as the promoter of therepgene, are highly conserved (81 to 90% identical) between Dgp1 and Dfp1. In contrast, these regions are not highly conserved and the Rep proteins are only about 40% identical among the other known members of the plasmid family.
Incremental value of secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in detecting ductal communication in a population with high prevalence of small pancreatic cysts.

Purpose We investigated the incremental diagnostic yield of S-MRCP in a population with high prevalence of small pancreatic cysts.
Pleckstrin Induces Cytoskeletal Reorganization via a Rac-dependent Pathway

Abstract Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are present in over one hundred signaling molecules, where they are thought to mediate membrane targeting by binding to phosphoinositides. They were initially defined at the NH2 and COOH termini of the molecule, pleckstrin, a major substrate for protein kinase C in platelets. We have previously reported that pleckstrin associates with the plasma membrane, where it induces the formation of villous and ruffled structures from the surface of transfected cells (1). We now show that overexpression of pleckstrin results in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This pleckstrin effect is regulated by its phosphorylation and requires the NH2-terminal, but not the COOH-terminal, PH domain. Overexpression of the NH2-terminal PH domain alone of pleckstrin is sufficient to induce the cytoskeletal effects. Pleckstrin-induced actin rearrangements are not inhibited by pharmacologic inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, nor are they blocked by co-expression of a dominant negative phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The cytoskeletal effects of pleckstrin can be blocked by co-expression of a dominant negative Rac1 variant, but not wild-type Rac and not a dominant negative Cdc42 variant. These data indicate that the NH2-terminal PH domain of pleckstrin induces reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton via a pathway dependent on Rac but independent of Cdc42 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
Time-Predictable L2 Cache Design for High-Performance Real-Time Systems

Unified L2 caches can lead to runtime interferences between instructions and data, making it very hard, if not impossible, to perform timing analysis for real-time systems. This paper proposes a priority cache to achieve both time predictability and high performance for real-time systems. The priority cache allows both the instruction and data streams to share the aggregate L2 cache; however, instructions and data cannot replace each other to enable independent instruction cache and data cache timing analyses. Our performance evaluation shows that the instruction priority cache outperforms separate L2 caches, both of which can achieve time predictability. On average, the number of execution cycles of the instruction priority cache is only 1.1% more than that of a unified L2 cache.
Therapeutic Administration of the Chemokine CXCL1/KC Abrogates Autoimmune Inflammatory Heart Disease

Myocarditis, often due to an aberrant immune response to infection, is a major cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. Microbial pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs, orchestrate the cytokine and chemokine responses that augment or limit the severity of myocarditis. Using the mouse model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), in which disease is induced by immunization with a heart-specific self peptide and the agonist to multiple TLRs, complete Freund's adjuvant, we found that increased serum concentrations of the chemokine CXCL1/KC correlated directly with decreased severity of myocarditis. To directly test whether CXCL1/KC caused the amelioration of myocarditis, we treated mice, after challenge with heart-specific self peptide, with exogenous recombinant CXCL1/KC. We found that the administration of recombinant mouse CXCL1/KC completely abrogated heart inflammatory infiltration and cardiomyocyte damage. Moreover, we show that TLR4 signaling is required to increase serum protein concentrations of CXCL1/KC in EAM, and we demonstrate that the administration of the TLR4 agonist LPS significantly decreased severity and prevalence of EAM and reduced the number of heart-specific self peptide reactive effector T cells. These findings reveal a novel function of CXCL1/KC in the context of organ-specific autoimmune disease that may prove useful for the treatment of inflammatory conditions that underlie human heart disease.
Optimization and Decision Heuristics for Chesapeake Bay Nutrient Reduction Strategies

Regional policies to achieve water quality goals assign a unique pollution control technology to every pollution source in a watershed, thereby defining a watershed strategy. For watersheds with even a modest number of pollution sources and control alternatives, the decision problem has combinatorial complexity. The perception of complexity—manifested in innumerable feasible watershed strategies—commonly induces the use of simplifying decision heuristics and ad hoc decision rules that reduce decision complexity by limiting the choice set to a “manageable” number of alternatives. In problems with large complex choice sets, these decision heuristics simplify decision making by excluding the vast majority of feasible alternatives a priori. In contrast, watershed-scale optimization enables decision makers to consider all feasible alternatives implicitly, exploiting rather than restricting the complexity of the feasible choice set. This contrast is illustrated using mixed-integer linear programming to identify interstate watershed strategies that achieve Chesapeake Bay nutrient reduction goals for the Potomac River Basin. The use of optimization in collaborative decision making helped refine and capture decision makers’ underlying values and preferences in policy-relevant constraints reflecting equity and political feasibility. Optimization formulations incorporating these constraints identified more effective and desirable management alternatives that would not otherwise have been considered using familiar decision heuristics and traditional comparisons among a limited number of ad hoc scenarios. Incorporating optimization in collaborative decision making generated superior watershed strategies and eased the cognitive limitations on decision making by substituting the computational burden of solving mixed-integer linear programs for decision makers’ cognitive burden of enumerating alternatives and scenarios for environmental systems with combinatorial complexity.
Precision energy and intensity measurements for γ transitions from 134Cs decay

Abstract The precision energies and relative intensities of 11 γ transitions from the decay of 134Cs have been determined. 192Ir, 228Th, 137Cs, 110mAg, 60Co, and 207Bi served as energy calibration standards, and 152Eu and 192Ir as relative intensity calibration standards. Special care was taken in the analysis of data for the weaker transitions. The results are incorporated into a self-consistent decay scheme.
A Kantian approach to the dilemma of part‐time faculty

The author addresses the growing concern with part‐time employment within the academy and argues that reliance on part‐time faculty in universities is morally wrong because this practice violates Kant's respect for persons principle. Further, because universities benefit from the employment of part‐timers, the latter are exploited for gains in the universities' end, which undermines the very moral nature of education as a business practice between and among persons. To maintain morality in higher education, universities have a duty to provide a living wage and meaningful work for their employees.
Robust spatial-spectral hyperspectral image classification for vegetation stress detection

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques have been widely used for a variety of applications pertaining to vegetation species identification. With its rich spectral information, HSI is a powerful tool to detect and characterize vegetation species and their health. However, due to the high dimensionality of HSI, a the number of training samples required to estimate the parameters of the automated target recognition (ATR) or ground-cover classification algorithms is large. To avoid this over-dimensionality problem, feature selection or feature extraction must be performed to reduce the dimensionality of HSI data. This problem is further exacerbated when spatial information is also exploited in conjunction with spectral information. In this work, we propose a feature selection approach for extracting the most meaningful spatial and spectral features for a vegetative stress detection problem — genetic algorithms based linear discriminant analysis (GA-LDA). Experimental results show that applying GA with an appropriate fitness function in the spatial-spectral feature space is very effective at selecting the most pertinent features and yields very high classification accuracies.
VEGFR-2 Selective Two-Photon Absorbing (2PA) Bioconjugate

We present a new 2PA fluorescent bioconjugate with good nonlinear optical properties that selectively binds the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) in porcine aortic endothelial cells that express this receptor (PAE-KDR).
Receptor-mediated deactivation of Gk in cardiac myocytes.

The muscarinic potassium current Ik(ACh) of atrial myocytes can be evoked in the absence of agonists by intracellular application of stable GTP analogs (GXP). This receptor-independent opening of KACh channels is a consequence of the direct activation of the guanyl nucleotide binding protein Gk that couples muscarinic receptors to KACh channels, and was previously thought to be unaffected by subsequent application of agonist. We report here that in the presence of GTP, application of a pulse of muscarinic agonist to atrial cells can abolish the GXP-induced IK(ACh). The results imply that in intact cells the agonist-bound receptor can interact with Gk not only in its inactive, GDP-bound form, but also in its active, GXP-bound form in a process that promotes the release of guanine nucleotide from its binding site.
Binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate to polyethylene oxide at the silica—water interface

Abstract The effect of preadsorbed polethylene oxide (PEO) on silica on the subsequent adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the silica was investigated in this study. Even though SDS does not normally adsorb on the similarly charged silica, it is shown that anionic SDS can be made to adsorb on it in the presence of preadsorbed PEO. The role of polymer molecular weight and the mode of addition of SDS were also investigated. The amount of SDS bound to PEO preadsorbed on silica was not affected by the polymer molecular weight. Interestingly, adsorption of SDS determined from its mixtures with PEO in solution is lower than that found on preadsorbed PEO on silica. It is also shown that interactions between PEO and SDS at the silica—water interface are stronger than the interactions between them in bulk solution.
Abnormalities of the Human Placenta

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the pathologic findings of the placental surface indicating chorioamnionitis. 2. Describe common errors in placental shape. 3. Explain the consequences of umbilical cord abnormalities. 4. List the most common maternal disease to cause placental lesions. 5. Describe common placental complications associated with multiple gestations. There are so many abnormalities in placentation that several textbooks have been devoted to the subject, and a new one has just appeared in print. In fact, the great variation in the placentas encountered routinely raises the question of what is really “normal.” In the first review in these pages on this subject (The Placenta: Structure and Function. NeoReviews . 2004;5:e252–e261), the first picture illustrates placental variability. Thus, a considerable background knowledge of seeing many placentas is required before judging what is really abnormal and, more importantly, what is for the fetus a meaningful placental aberration from the normal. To make this review succinct, it is subdivided into five arbitrary categories: 1) Infections, 2) Errors in shape, 3) Abnormalities of the umbilical cord and its larger branches, 4) Abnormalities caused by maternal disease, and 5) Changes important in adjudicating the placenta of multiple pregnancies. Of course, this leaves out many specific diseases, such as hydatidiform moles, choriocarcinoma, spontaneous abortions, and a few other details that can be found in appropriate books or on the Internet through PubMed. Ascending infection leads to chorioamnionitis, which is clearly the most important condition in current obstetrics and perinatology. The reason for this bold statement is that chorioamnionitis is the most important cause of severe prematurity; that is, birth between 20 and 30 weeks’ gestation. Even with neonatologists becoming more adept at supporting preterm infants, those weighing less than 1,000 g remain somewhat problematic, and many of the smallest ones suffer the most important central …
Carbon-14 dating: a comparison of beta and ion counting

Accelerator ion counting compares favorably with conventional beta counting. The major advantage of ion counting is that milligram samples can be analyzed. When sample size is not limiting, ion counting complements beta counting for the more routine carbon-14 determinations. Further development is needed before ion counting can achieve the same high precision as beta counting for large samples (+- 2 per mil). A solution to the background variability has to be found before ion counting can be used to date samples back to the 75,000-year limit of beta counting.
READING-TIME EVIDENCE FOR INTERMEDIATE LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE IN LONG-DISTANCE DEPENDENCIES

Most linguistic theories since Chomsky (1973) have hypothesized that long- distance dependencies crossing multiple clauses are mediated by intermediate structures. This paper provides a new source of evidence for the existence of such intermediate structures: reading times during online sentence comprehension. The experiment presented here compares reading times for two structures involving the long-distance extraction of a wh-filler: (a) a structure in which a clause intervenes between the endpoints of the extraction, and (b) a structure in which a nominalization of the clause intervenes. The logic of the experiment relies on two hypotheses: first, that intermediate structures mediate the relationship between a wh-filler and its h-role- assigning verb when a clause intervenes between them but not when a nominalization intervenes; and second, that reading times for a word increase as linear distance increases between the word and the position on which it is dependent in the partial structure for the input (Gibson 1998, 2000; Grodner, Watson & Gibson 2000). In combination, these hypotheses predict that reading times at the region in which the verb assigns a h-role to the wh-filler will be faster in the clausal conditions than in the nominalized conditions, because in the clausal conditions intermediate structure mediate the wh-filler verb dependency and cause it to be more local. This prediction was confirmed.
Integrating Production Planning and Control: Toward a Simple Model for Capacitated ERP

Despite great advances in enterprise management software during the past several decades, there remains a significant opportunity in the design of production and material planning systems. After a discussion of a major technical flaw in enterprise resource planning/material requirement planning (ERP/MRP) systems, we outline advanced planning in literature and selected software products, with focus on the notion of planned lead times and limited capacity. We then describe ‘Capacitated ERP’–a simple variation of production and material requirements planning of components that takes into account resource capacity before exploding requirements to lower level components (upstream supply tiers). The model is presented with an example at the component planning level in a declarative (as opposed to a procedural) format, consequently facilitating implementation in a spreadsheet environment, which is often used by small and midsized companies. An outline showing how to integrate this component into a typical Supply...
A comparison of the acid-base and aciduric properties of various serotypes of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans associated with dental plaque.

Abstract Of the 20 strains tested, Strep. mutans Ingbritt(c), LM-7(e), QP50-1(f) and K-1R( d g ) produced the largest decreases in pH with glucose, sucrose and starch whereas E-49(a), OMZ-61(a), FA-l(b), BHT(b), GS-5(c) and OMZ-176( d g ) produced the least. In the absence of saliva, catabolism of starch was less than catabolism of either glucose or sucrose but, with saliva present, the differences were considerably reduced. The strains varied in ability to accumulate and degrade stored polysaccharide (a means of producing a more acidic pH), but without relation to serotype. No strains showed pH-rise activity with saliva supernatant, sialin or urea but the b serotypes showed pH rise with arginine and lysylarginine All strains showed activity from endogenous substrates. Aciduricity was determined by assessing the ability to grow on brain-heart-infusion agar adjusted to pH 5.0 to 7.0. All strains grew better at pH 7.0 than 5.0. Among the least aciduric strains were those of b serotype which being among those least able to decrease the pH with fermentable carbohydrate and the only one to raise pH with arginine and arginine peptide, suggested that this serotype might appear more often in caries-free than in caries-active plaques and in plaques showing a less acidic Stephan pH response. The acid-base and aciduric properties of the non-b serotype strains indicated that any one or more of these could be associated with caries-active plaques.
Analytical expressions for predicting permeability of bimodal fibrous porous media

Abstract Pressure drop is one of the most important characteristics of a fibrous media. While numerous analytical, numerical, and experimental published works are available for predicting the permeability of media made up of fibers with a unimodal fiber diameter distribution (referred to as unimodal media here), there are almost no easy-to-use expressions available for media with a bimodal fiber diameter distribution (referred to as bimodal media). In the present work, the permeability of bimodal media is calculated by solving the Stokes flow governing equations in a series of 3-D virtual geometries that mimic the microstructure of fibrous materials. These simulations are designed to establish a unimodal equivalent diameter for the bimodal media thereby taking advantage of the existing expressions of unimodal materials for permeability prediction. We evaluated eight different methods of defining an equivalent diameter for bimodal media and concluded that the area-weighted average diameter of Brown and Thorpe [2001. Glass-fiber filters with bimodal fiber size distributions. Powder Technology 118, 3–9], volume-weighted resistivity model of Clague and Phillips [1997. A numerical calculation of the hydraulic permeability of three dimensional disordered fibrous media. Physics of Fluids 9 (6), 1562–1572], and the cube root relation of the current paper offer the best predictions for the entire range of mass (number) fractions, 0 ⩽ n c ⩽ 1 , with fiber diameter ratios, 1 ⩽ R cf ⩽ 5 , and solidities, 5 ⩽ α ⩽ 15 .
Distributed meetings: a meeting capture and broadcasting system

The common meeting is an integral part of everyday life for most workgroups. However, due to travel, time, or other constraints, people are often not able to attend all the meetings they need to. Teleconferencing and recording of meetings can address this problem. In this paper we describe a system that provides these features, as well as a user study evaluation of the system. The system uses a variety of capture devices (a novel 360° camera, a whiteboard camera, an overview camera, and a microphone array) to provide a rich experience for people who want to participate in a meeting from a distance. The system is also combined with speaker clustering, spatial indexing, and time compression to provide a rich experience for people who miss a meeting and want to watch it afterward.
Anthocyanins as antioxidants on human low-density lipoprotein and lecithin-liposome systems

The antioxidant activity of several anthocyanins was tested in vitro on human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and on a lecithin−liposome system. Samples were incubated at 37 °C, and the extent of oxidation was measured by determining the formation of conjugated diene and hexanal. The inhibition of oxidation increased with concentration of the antioxidant. In the LDL system, when the oxidation was catalyzed with 10 μM copper, malvidin was the best oxidation inhibitor, followed by delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonin. When the oxidation was catalyzed with 80 μM copper, the order of antioxidant activity changed and decreased in the following order at all concentrations tested: delphinidin, cyanidin, malvidin, and pelargonin. In the liposome system, catalyzed with either 3 or 10 μM copper, malvidin was the best inhibitor of both conjugated diene and hexanal formation. At 3 μM copper, delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonin showed prooxidant activity. At 10 μM copper, pelargonin followed malvidin in antioxidant...
Moving from descriptive to causal analytics: case study of discovering knowledge from us health indicators warehouse

The knowledge management community has introduced a multitude of methods for knowledge discovery on large datasets. In the context of public health intelligence, we integrated and incorporated some of these methods into an analyst's workflow that proceeds from the data-centric descriptive level of analysis to the model-centric causal level of reasoning. We show several case studies of the proposed analyst's workflow as applied to the US Health Indicators Warehouse (HIW), which is a medium scale, public dataset regarding community health information as collected by the US federal government. In our case studies, we demonstrate a series of visual analytics efforts targeted at the HIW, including visual analysis according to correlation matrices, multivariate outlier analysis, multiple linear regression of Medicare costs, confirmatory factor analysis, and hybrid scatterplot and heatmap visualization for distributions of a group of health indicators. We conclude by sketching a preliminary framework for examining causal dependence hypotheses for future data science research in public health.
Restructuring the bacteriophage f1 genome: Expression of gene VIII in the intergenic space

Abstract Using in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, we have constructed a derivative of bacteriophage f1 which contains an amber mutation in the major coat protein gene (gene VIII) plus an additional wild-type copy of this gene in the intergenic space near the origin of phage DNA replication. The gene is functional in this new location and is expressed at the same level relative to available transcriptional template DNA (RF) as the corresponding gene in wild-type f1. The implication of this finding in terms of current models of gene expression in the filamentous coliphages is discussed. Intertypic mixing of coat protein monomers derived from the two genes occurs when this phage is grown in an amber suppressor host. The effect of this DNA insertion on replication of the f1 genome is discussed. The concept of restructuring the f1 genome as a means of studying its regulation and expression is also discussed.
Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes Containing a Conjugated Ligand LDQ (LDQ = 1-[4-(4′-methyl)-2,2′-bipyridyl]-2-[4-(4′-N,N′-tetramethylene-2,2′-bipyridinum)]ethene): Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoinduced Electron Transfer at Solution−Zeolite Interfaces

Photoinduced electron transfer from sensitizers attached to zeolite surface to electron acceptors within the zeolite provides opportunities for long-lived charge separation, as well as potential utilization of the charge separated species. In this study, the focus is on the ruthenium polypyridyl compound [(bpy)2RuLDQ]4+ (where bpy = bipyridine, and LDQ = 1-[4-(4′-methyl)-2,2′-bipyridyl]-2-[4-(4′-N,N′-tetramethylene-2,2′-bipyridinium)]ethene) and its unquaternized analogue of structural formula [(bpy)2RuL]2+ (L = trans-1,2-bis[4-(4′-methyl)-2,2′-bipyridyl]ethene). Both complexes show strong metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and olefinic ligand based absorption bands. The emission of [(bpy)2RuLDQ]4+ in solution is quenched, whereas the [(bpy)2RuL]2+ complex exhibits emission at 675 nm. The quenching is attributed to the intramolecular electron transfer from the Ru center to the diquat (DQ) moiety upon photoexcitation. The [(bpy)2RuLDQ]4+ complex is stable upon visible light illumination, while [(bpy)2R...
Comment on “Temperature Dependence of the Josephson Current”

Assertions by Overhauser of error in accepted calculations of the temperature dependence of the Josephson current are shown to be without merit.