cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specificity and sensitivity of QRS criteria for diagnosis of single and multiple myocardial infarcts.

Abstract A subset of 3 criteria from the complete Selvester scoring system has been proposed earlier for electrocardiographic screening of healed myocardial infarcts. This subset yielded 95% specificity and high sensitivity for single anterior and inferior infarcts. In the present study, an automated version of these criteria was applied to 1,344 electrocardiograms from normal subjects (473 normal subjects as determined by cardiac catheterization and 871 apparently normal subjects by history and physical examination), to 706 from subjects with single myocardial infarction, and to 131 from subjects with combined anterior and inferior myocardial infarcts. Of the single infarcts, 366 had inferior, 277 anterior and 63 posterolateral locations. Presence and location of infarcts were judged from left ventriculograms and coronary angiograms. Overall specificity was only 86%, whereas overall sensitivity for the infarct population was 77%. Specificity was lower in men than in women; it was also lower in older than in younger subjects. One of the screening criteria (R ≥ 40 ms in V 1 ) may possibly be eliminated to augment specificity; this can be done with only minor loss of sensitivity. Differences in wave form measurements between the manual and computer methods account for a large part of the deterioration of specificity in this study compared with previously published results. Computer application of the screening criteria requires altered criteria limits in comparison with those used in manual application. Probably sex- and age-dependent criteria limits should be used.
On the origin of a permanent dipole moment in nanocrystals with a cubic crystal lattice: effects of truncation, stabilizers, and medium for CdS tetrahedral homologues.

A large anomalous dipole moment has previously been reported for nanocrystals with a cubic crystal lattice. By considering truncations of a regular tetrahedral CdS nanocrystal, the hypothesis that shape asymmetry is responsible for the observed dipole moment was tested and verified. The location and degree of the truncations were systematically varied, and corresponding dipole moments were calculated by using a PM3 semiempirical quantum mechanical algorithm. The calculated dipole moment of 50−100 D is in good agreement with a variety of experimental data. This approach also affords simple evaluation of the potential effect of the media for aqueous dispersions of nanocrystals. The substitution of the truncated corner(s) by molecules of H2O typically results in a substantial increase of the dipole moment, and often, in the reversal of its direction. The molecular modeling approach presented here is suitable for detailed theoretical studies of the dipole moments of II−VI and other nanoparticles and interpart...
Generalized coherent-state analysis of semiclassical quantum chaos for an angular momentum J in a resonant cavity.

An angular momentum J in a resonant-cavity electromagnetic field exhibits chaos in the time dependence of the expectation value of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{z}}$. This fact is transparently demonstrated using the SU(2) generalized coherent-state picture. Using Hale's averaging theorem, the mechanism of chaos is elucidated and found to be equivalent to a periodically modulated, near-separatrix, pendulum motion. The rotating-wave approximation is also elucidated, and its nonchaos is explained. The modulations that cause chaos result from virtual transitions, and the variance of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{z}}$ initially grows exponentially.
Comparator with Completion Signal

This note provides a design of a binary comparator with completion signal. The average propagation delay is a constant, independent of n, the number of inputs, while the logic complexity is a linear function of n.
Team Mental Model: Construct or Metaphor?

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in group cognition in the field of organizational science. However, despite the apparent enthusiasm for the notion of the group mind in some modern guise, important conceptual work is needed to examine the concept critically. We attempt to do this in our treatment of the content, form, function, antecedents, and consequences of team mental models. In addition, we illustrate how the construct can bring explanatory power to theories of team performance and offer other implications for research and practice.
First report of viral erythrocytic necrosis in Alaska, USA, associated with epizootic mortality in Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi (Valenciennes)

Abstract. Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) has been associated with large epizootics and high mortality in Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi (Valenciennes), from two different locations in south-eastern Alaska, USA. Clinical signs of disease included whirling, pale gills, watery colourless blood, discoloured livers, pathog-nomonic magenta erythrocytic inclusion bodies and histopathological changes consistent with other infectious haemolytic anaemias in higher animals. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of iridovirus-type particles associated with the cytoplasmic erythrocytic inclusion bodies. Other apparently healthy herring of various age classes from four additional areas in south-east Alaska also had clinical signs of VEN suggesting a wide distribution of the virus in Alaskan Pacific herring populations. Evidence regarding the two herring epizootics indicated that osmoregulatory stress may have precipitated mortalities in fish having severe anaemia caused by the VEN virus. This is the first reported occurrence of VEN in Alaska and the first natural epizootic known to be associated with the disease.
Fluorine nmr studies of poly(N-acryloyl-β-alanine)–α-chymotrypsin conjugates

Fluorine nmr experiments carried out at 51.0 and 94.1 MHz have been used to explore the interaction of the probe molecule p-fluorocinnamate with conjugates formed from α-chymotrypsin and poly(N-acryloyl-β-alanine). The data obtained include enzyme-induced chemical-shift effects, spin-lattice (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, and the rate constant for dissociation of the fluorocinnamate–enzyme complexes. Analysis of the results indicates that while overall molecular tumbling of the enzyme molecule is not greatly changed by attachment of polymers of various sizes, conjugated polymer can appreciably affect the structure of the p-fluorocinnamate binding site. The important variable involved in such structural changes appears to be the amount of polymer present per mole of protein.
Clinical predictors and characteristics of patients with chronic liver disease and intrapulmonary shunts.

Background: Intrapulmonary shunting (IPS) is a well-described phenomenon in chronic liver disease but its significance is not known. Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to enhance our understanding of the characteristics and prevalence of IPS. Methods: We retrospectively studied 204 consecutive patients with end-stage chronic liver disease who underwent a dobutamine stress echocardiogram, along with a saline contrast bubble study, as part of their pretransplant evaluation. Results: Intrapulmonary shunting of any degree was present in 56.4% of patients. Patients with IPS were more likely to report alcohol use and less likely to have diabetes mellitus. Patients in Child-Pugh classification C were more likely to have IPS than those with classification A or B. The resting room air PaO2 levels were significantly lower in patients with grade 3–4 IPS than in those with grade 1–2. Elevated estimated pulmonary systolic pressure on echocardiography was more prevalent in patients with than in those without IPS. Conclusions: A majority of patients with end-stage chronic liver disease undergoing transplant evaluation have IPS. There are important baseline differences between patients with and without IPS. The presence of IPS is associated with increased severity of chronic liver disease. Further study is required to define the prognostic significance of IPS and its impact on future liver transplantation.
Efficient coupling of 5-HT1a receptors to the phospholipase C pathway in Xenopus oocytes.

Abstract To investigate the receptor–channel coupling pathway, the coding region of the 5-HT1a receptor was subcloned into two plasmid vectors pSP64(polyA+) and pSP64T. Compared to the original 5-HT1a receptor construct G-21, both new constructs increased greatly the expression of functional 5-HT1a receptors in Xenopus oocytes, which developed large inward current responses to 5-HT. These responses were dose-dependent (EC50∼150 nM), and could be elicited also by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). The 5-HT1a receptor mediated current had an oscillatory time course, and a reversal potential close to the equilibrium potential for Cl− (ca. −25 mV). Moreover, during and for some minutes following the application of 5-HT, these oocytes acquired the property of generating a transient inward current when their membrane was hyperpolarized. These features are characteristic of responses mediated by other receptors (e.g. muscarinic, angiotensin, serum receptors, etc.) that are known to couple to the endogenous PLC/PI second messenger pathway in Xenopus oocytes. In particular, the 5-HT1a receptor mediated current was very similar to the current induced by 5-HT-stimulation of heterogenic 5-HT2c receptors. Our results show further that the 5-HT1a receptor couples to the endogenous PLC/PI pathway much less efficiently than the 5-HT2c receptor. These results demonstrate clearly that the human 5-HT1a receptor can couple efficiently to the Xenopus oocyte endogenous PLC/PI pathway, and provide additional evidence for cell-specific signal transduction.
Histologic evaluation of mucogingival surgery.

Abstract Regeneration of attached gingiva in areas previously composed of gingiva and alveolar mucosa was attempted by means of a surgical procedure in twenty-five patients. Preoperative biopsy specimens of attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa were obtained in each case and used to evaluate the tissue in question thirty days, six months, and one year following surgery. Criteria were formulated for evaluating the postoperative specimens and the interpretations of three observers were analyzed. In answer to the previously outlined questions, the results indicate that a gingival-like tissue is regenerated.10 The six-month and one-year specimens showed maturity and configuration like that of attached gingiva; the thirty-day specimens showed a lack of maturity but still resembled the connective tissue of gingiva more closely than alveolar mucosa. The effects of time and function on this tissue should be closely studied, inasmuch as this is fundamentally healing by scarification and may yield characteristic changes with excessive function. The results indicate that the regenerated tissue is not alveolar mucosa and only the thirty-day specimens show characteristics of immature tissue. The certainty of elastic-tissue regeneration from the results of this study is not conclusive. Conjecture leads one to observe that true regeneration took place only sporadically and then in a very small number of the specimens. Further research as to rate and extent of possible elastic-tissue regeneration seems indicated.
A new symmetry for Biedenharn's G-functions and classical hypergeometric series

Abstract We show that the general bisymmetric polynomials m μ G ( n ) q ( γ 1 ,…, γ n ; δ 1 ,…, δ m ) are a limiting case of the bisymmetric, invariant polynomials n μ G ( n ) q ( γ 1 ,…, γ n ; δ 1 ,…, δ n ) which characterize U ( n ) tensor operators 〈 p , q ,…, q , 0, …, 0〉. By taking suitable limits of a pair of difference equations for n μ G ( n ) q ( γ ; δ ) we then deduce “transposition symmetry” for m μ G ( n ) q ( γ ; δ ) from the same symmetry for n μ G ( n ) q ( γ ; δ ). As an application of transposition symmetry for m μ G ( n ) q ( γ ; δ ) we derive an elegant, new contiguous relation for classical, well-poised hypergeometric series, and also prove an identity between these series and multiple hypergeometric series well-poised in SU ( n ).
Effects of selenium accumulation on phytotoxicity, herbivory, and pollination ecology in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Selenium (Se) has contaminated areas in the western USA where pollination is critical to the functioning of both agricultural and natural ecosystems, yet we know little about how Se can impact pollinators. In a two-year semi-field study, the weedy plant Raphanus sativus (radish) was exposed to three selenate treatments and two pollination treatments to evaluate the effects on pollinator-plant interactions. Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollinators were observed to readily forage on R. sativus for both pollen and nectar despite high floral Se concentrations. Se treatment increased both seed abortion (14%) and decreased plant biomass (8-9%). Herbivory by birds and aphids was reduced on Se-treated plants, indicating a potential reproductive advantage for the plant. Our study sheds light on how pollutants such as Se can impact the pollination ecology of a plant that accumulates even moderate amounts of Se.
Values on view: A moral myopia?

(1985). Values on view: A moral myopia? Critical Studies in Mass Communication: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 395-406.
Ultrahigh spectral efficiency coherent optical OFDM

Recent development of ultrahigh spectral efficiency coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signal modulation with polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) has been reviewed which includes 128-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 256QAM and 1024QAM at each modulated subcarrier.
Control of the G2/M transition

The G2 checkpoint prevents cells from entering mitosis when DNA is damaged, providing an opportunity for repair and stopping the proliferation of damaged cells. Because the G2 checkpoint helps to maintain genomic stability, it is an important focus in understanding the molecular causes of cancer. Many different methods have been used to investigate the G2 checkpoint and uncover some of the underlying mechanisms. Because cell cycle controls are highly conserved, a remarkable synergy between the genetic power of model organisms and biochemical analyses is possible and has uncovered control mechanisms that operate in many diverse species, including humans. CDC2, the cyclin-dependent kinase that normally drives cells into mitosis, is the ultimate target of pathways that mediate rapid arrest in G2 in response to DNA damage. Additional pathways ensure that the arrest is stably maintained. When mammalian cells contain damaged DNA, the p53 tumor suppressor and the Rb family of transcriptional repressors work together to downregulate a large number of genes that encode proteins required for G2 and M. Elimination of these essential cell cycle proteins helps to keep the cells arrested in G2.
What does genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus tell us about Aspergillus oryzae

Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae belong to Aspergillus section Flavi. They are closely related and are of significant economic importance. The former species has the ability to produce harmful aflatoxins while the latter is widely used in food fermentation and industrial enzyme production. This review summarizes the current understanding of the similarity of the A. flavus and A. oryzae genomes, the genetic diversity in A. flavus and A. oryzae populations, the causes of this diversity, and the relatedness of nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus strains to A. oryzae.
Living with uncertainty in fisheries: analytical methods, management priorities and the Canadian groundfishery experience

Abstract Uncertainties in fisheries arise in three principal forms: random fluctuations, uncertainty in parameter estimates and states of nature, and structural uncertainty that reflects a basic lack of knowledge about the nature of the fishery system. The first two of these have been addressed quantitatively through a variety of analytical tools, reviewed briefly in this paper. On the other hand, structural uncertainty poses a greater challenge; having proven rather immune to analytical treatment, it appears to be best addressed through the design of fishery management itself, to ensure that such management is robust, adaptive and precautionary. The paper discusses the nature of these three management characteristics, and illustrates their importance through an analysis of Atlantic Canada's groundfish fishery and its collapse in the early 1990s. The groundfishery is also used as a case study for exploring the extent to which fishery institutions provide a framework for `living with uncertainty'; specifically, an analysis is provided of fishery management and conservation institutions (notably the Fisheries Resource Conservation Council) that have been established in response to the groundfish collapse.
Experimental studies of Mode I energy release rate in adhesively bonded width tapered composite DCB specimens

Abstract The Mode I energy release rate, G I , derived from conventional uniform width double cantilever beam (DCB) test data depends on crack length. Data acquisition and analysis from such experiments can be simplified if G I is independent of crack length, particularly at high loading rates. Previous research by others has shown that width tapered double cantilever beam (WTDCB) specimens made from aerospace grade carbon/epoxy composite laminates without adhesive layers exhibit critical energy release rates which are independent of crack length. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether or not adhesively bonded WTDCB specimens of automotive type sheet molding compound (SMC) composites show similar behavior. It was observed that the critical energy release rate was practically independent of crack length for unidirectional carbon/epoxy WTDCB specimens without adhesive layers but not for unidirectional carbon/epoxy, unidirectional E-glass/epoxy or automotive SMC WTDCB specimens with adhesive layers, and that self-similar crack growth only occurred in unidirectional carbon/epoxy WTDCB specimens without adhesive layers.
Oxytocin induces maternal behavior in virgin female rats

Intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin to virgin female rats that had been ovariectomized and primed with estrogen 48 hours previously induced a rapid onset of full maternal behavior. The maternal behavior persisted and its incidence was dose-related. Tocinoic acid, the ring structure of oxytocin, also rapidly induced the onset of persistent, full maternal behavior. Arginine vasopressin induced persistent maternal behavior, but this behavior had a later onset. Prostaglandin F2 alpha induced strong partial maternal behavior, which showed early onset but did not persist. Many other peptides, ovarian steroids, and prostaglandin E2 were no more effective than saline. These findings suggest that the release of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha during labor may promote maternal behavior in rats.
Clamp Load Loss in a Bolted Joint Model With Plastic Bolt Elongation and Eccentric Service Load

The nonlinear plastic deformation behavior of a clamped bolted joint model under a separating service load is investigated using analytical, finite element, and experimental techniques. An elastic-plastic model is used for the bolt material while the joint material remains in the linear elastic range. Both the analytical and FEA models investigate the variation in the tension of a preloaded bolt, and the corresponding change in the joint clamp load, due to a separating service load that is placed away from the bolt center. Experimental verification is provided for both the analytical and finite element results on the bolt tension variation, clamp load variation and the clamp load loss caused by the incremental plastic bolt elongation under cyclic separating force.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Pattern of vitellogenesis and follicle maturational competence during the ovarian follicular cycle of Fundulus heteroclitus.

Abstract The patterns of vitellogenesis and follicle maturational competence were examined across the semilunar spawning cycle ofFundulus heteroclitus.Daily egg collection showed spawning cyclicity in six experimental groups, with a mean period between spawnings of 14.9 ± 0.3 days, indicated by the nonlinear regression sine-curve matching analysis. Each cycle was then dated from Day −7 to Day 7, with Day 0 as the peak egg-collection day. Females from each group were sampled on selected days during two to three consecutive spawning cycles, and these days were each chronologically given a temporal relation to Day 0 to pool the data into a composite. The analysis of the size–frequency distribution of ovarian follicles ≥0.5-mm diameter across the composite revealed a constant recruitment of small follicles (0.5- to 0.7-mm diameter) into vitellogenesis, which was supported by the continuous presence of vitellogenin (Vtg) I mRNA in the liver of the females. The plasma levels of Vtg were also essentially constant across the cycle, except for a progressive decrease from Day −7 through Day 3 that could be related to a more active Vtg uptake by a dominant population of follicles up to 1.7 mm in diameter. A second and more selective recruitment of full-grown follicles (1.3- to 1.4-mm diameter) toward maturation was noted at Days −5, −4, which appeared associated with high plasma levels of estradiol-17β. However, the responsiveness of those follicles undergoing oocyte maturationin vitroafter gonadotropin and maturation-inducing steroid (MIS), 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, stimulation dramatically declined from Days −1, 0, 1 to Days 4, 5, concomitantly with an increase of the population of the largest follicles (1.8- to 2.1-mm diameter) in the ovary. These findings extend previous observations on the process of follicular recruitment inF. heteroclitusand indicate that full-grown follicles may be recruited into maturation by a mechanism that modulates the oocyte sensitivity to the MIS.
Quantitative autoradiography of neurochemicals

Several new methods have been developed that apply quantitative autoradiography to neurochemistry. These methods are derived from the 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) technique of Sokoloff (1), which uses quantitative autoradiography to measure the rate of glucose utilization in brain structures. The new methods allow the measurement of the rate of cerebral protein synthesis and the levels of particular neurotransmitter receptors by quantitative autoradiography. As with the 2DG method, the new techniques can measure molecular levels in micron-sized brain structures; and can be used in conjunction with computerized systems of image processing. It is possible that many neurochemical measurements could be made by computerized analysis of quantitative autoradiograms.
Hydrodynamic analysis of intraocular pressure changes during anterior chamber procedures

Variations in intraocular pressure (IOP), observed by us and other authors in closed-system anterior chamber procedures, are explained using a simple hydrodynamic analysis based on the Bernoulli equation. Calculations show that the sudden increases in IOP (pressure spikes) measured during anterior segment surgery are due primarily to the small size of the infusion cannulas and are exacerbated by high infusion rates. Accurate measurement of these IOP variations requires placement of the pressure sensors in situ and is not possible by remote pressure sensing at the infusion line or the console. This work indicates that closed-system procedures could benefit from accurate monitoring of intraoperative IOP and could use these measurements for automatic IOP control during surgery.
Preparation and characterization of plasma membrane of cardiac tissue

A method of preparing highly purified plasma membrane from cardiac muscle is described using continuous ficoll-sucrose density gradient centrifugation in zonal rotors. 5′-Nucleotidase and ATPase (Mg2+ dependent, Na+ + K+ stimulated and ouabain inhibited) were found to be concentrated in the plasma membrane fraction. At 11% ficollsucrose Ca2+ and (Ca2+ + K+) stimulation of the ATPase was very small (13%) and very low level of succinic dehydrogenase activity was present. Electron microscopic studies of the fraction revealed the presence of membrane vesicles and sheets. Composition of these membranes was analyzed by 7% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 1% SDS. One protein band of 68 000 Daltons accounted for 18% of protein on the gel. Lipid and carbohydrate stains revealed six and two bands respectively. Studies on the conformation of proteins within membranes were achieved using circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) techniques. Corrections were applied using the pseudo reference state approach.
Corneal hydration and metabolically dependent transcellular passive transfer of water.

A theoretical model of the fluid pump in the corneal endothelium of the rabbit is presented. It is proposed that the stromal and aqueous surfaces of the endothelial cells have different solute reflection coefficients and that an adequate solute concentration is maintained in the cells by a mechanism dependent on metabolic energy. The model does not require transendothelial active transport of either solute or water. However, it requires the net volume flow observed through the isolated endothelium from stroma to aqueous to occur across the cells. Two situations are possible: (1) that the osmolarity of the cells is lower than the aqueous solution in conjunction with the aqueous side of the cells having the larger reflection coefficient; (2) that the osmolarity of the cells is higher than that in the stromal solution in conjunction with the stromal side of the cells having the higher reflection coefficient. A consequence of these requirements is that in case 1 the hydrostatic pressure within the endothelial cell must be less than the hydrostatic pressure in the stromal solution. In case 2 the intracellular hydrostatic pressure must be greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the aqueous solution. In vivo when the eye is closed there is zero net volume flow across the endothelium. There will be an anteriorly directed volume flow through the intercellular channels equal in magnitude to the posteriorly directed flow across the cells. This will produce a circulation of volume flow across the endothelium. When the eye is opened evaporation will take place across the epithelium, resulting in a net volume flow from the aqueous fluid into the stromal fluid. While the volume flow through the intercellular channels should remain anteriorly directed, the volume flow across the endothelial cells may be either anteriorly or posteriorly directed, depending on the values of pressures, concentrations and reflection coefficients. Two independent theoretical estimates of the net volume flow across the isolated endothelium can be made and compared with experimental results. These estimates are 3·35 μl/hr/cm2 and 2·56 μl/hr/cm2. They are in good agreement with the average experimental value of 6·5 μl/hr/cm2 (Maurice, 1972).
CFD Analysis of Drag Reduction Using External Devices on Pickup Trucks

The flows over a pickup truck with add-on devises were studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the objective of investigating the effect of these add-no devices on the flow structures around the vehicle, aerodynamic drag, and lift coefficient. All numerical simulations were performed using commercial CFD software Fluent [8]. A generic pickup model with extended cab was used as the base model and all the flow simulations were performed at zero degree yaw angle. The pickup configurations used in the present CFD simulation include Aerocap with different rear inclination angle α, Tonneau cover, Rear Roof Garnish, and Tail-plates. Results from numerical simulations indicated that Aerocap with inclination angle α = 12° and a reduced rear width has produced the minimum aerodynamic drag coefficient. It was also shown that the wake region decrease when the rear inclination angle increases.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
HYPERCALCIURIA AND PEDIATRIC STONE RECURRENCES WITH AND WITHOUT STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES

Purpose: This study defines to what extent hypercalciuria represents a risk factor for recurrent calcium oxalate or nonstruvite stones. Long-term followup of children with hypercalciuria after an initial stone episode allowed us to determine the rate of stone recurrence.Materials and Methods: A total of 44 pediatric patients with stones were diagnosed with hypercalciuria, including 7 with structural abnormalities and 37 with normal anatomy. Of these patients 27 had adequate long-term followup.Results: There were 9 stone recurrences in the 27 patients who were evaluated long term for an overall recurrence rate of 33%. Recurrences developed 3 to 15 years after the initial episode (average time to recurrence 7.2 years), and none of the patients with structural abnormalities had hydronephrosis at recurrence. Of the 9 patients with stone recurrences 3 were female and 6 were male, and 4 had multiple stone recurrence episodes. Of these 9 cases of recurrent stones 8 had a positive family history for stone disease...
Homo-dinuclear σ-alkynyl complexes: Past, present and opportunities

Abstract Homo-dinuclear alkynyl complexes with a distinct metal–metal bond constitute a rapidly growing field, where the focus is placed on compounds based on ruthenium, molybdenum, tungsten or rhodium. Interesting characteristics of these complexes include paramagnetism, intense charge-transfer absorptions, tunable bridging ligands, which may not be easily accessible in mononuclear acetylide systems. These complexes have significant potential for use in both molecular electronics and supramolecular chemistry. In this short account, previous work in this area is assessed, and each of the major groups of complexes is discussed in terms of both the synthetic strategies and structural motifs.
A new local sine transform without overlaps: a combination of computational harmonic analysis and PDE

We introduce a new local sine transform that can completely localize image information in both the space and spatial frequency domains. Instead of constructing a basis, we first segment an image into local pieces using the characteristic functions, then decompose each piece into two component: the polyharmonic component and the residual . The polyharmonic component is obtained by solving the elliptic boundary value problem associated with the so-called polyharmonic equation (e.g., Laplace equation, biharmonic equation, etc.) given the boundary values (the pixel values along the borders created by the characteristic functions) possibly with the estimates of normal derivatives at the boundaries. Once this component is obtained this is subtracted from the original local piece to obtain the residual, whose Fourier sine series expansion has quickly decaying coefficients since the boundary values of the residual (possibly with their normal derivatives) vanish. Using this transform, we can distinguish intrinsic singularities in the data from the artificial discontinuities created by the local windowing. We will demonstrate the superior performance of this new transform in terms of image compression to some of the conventional methods such as JPEG/DCT and the lapped orthogonal transform using actual examples.
A quantum characterization of classical radiation

Abstract Any electromagnetic signal is representable, in the quantum mechanical description, by a suitable combination of photon states. We consider the question of which of the infinite number of possible combinations should correspond to a classical signal. The characteristic classical criterion we adopt is the indistinguishability of the radiation in two separate channels, whether it has been produced by independent sources or by a single source whose output is divided between the channels. For a quantum source a distinction is in general possible. We prove that the unique quantum state for which a distinction is not possible is the pure state characterized by Glauber as maximally coherent. The connection of this indistinguishability property with characteristic differences between classical and quantum measurements is emphasized.
Morphine and its psychiatric implications.

Morphine is a major constituent of opium. Knowledge of opium, as a powerful remedy for pain, led to the development of morphine as a narcotic analgesic. It had been recognized for some time that morphine administration was associated with significant changes in pituitary hormonal secretion in animals and man. Interest in discovering the mechanism of action of morphine led to the discovery of the existence of specific receptors for opiates in mammalian tissue. This in turn prompted the discovery of naturally occurring ligands called the endogenous opioids, a class of peptides which include the enkephalins, the endorphins and the dynorphins (Reisine and Bell, 1993; Millan and Herz, 1993). In the last 10 years this has been extended to include the opiate alkaloids morphine and codeine (see Stefano and Scharrer, 1994). In this review, we will focus our attention on the potential role of morphine in psychiatric disorders. Starting with the hypothesis that opiates and opioids are somehow involved in the intricate mechanisms underlying attachment behavior, we will speculate on opiate and opioid contributions to addictive disorders and other psychiatric illnesses such as affective and psychotic disorders. The possible mechanisms responsible for these effects will also be reviewed with special attention paid to the potential contribution of endogenous morphine to the mental state.
A single-record estimator for correlation functions of nonstationary random processes

The need for estimation of auto- and cross-correlation functions of nonstationary random processes arises in many problems of communication, signal processing, system identification and control. The practical evaluation of such correlation functions is hindered by the fact that ensemble averages are extremely burdensome to obtain. This paper proposes a time-average estimator that yields unbiased and consistent estimates of those correlation functions by use of a single record of the processes involved. It is expected that this estimator will be applicable in most cases of practical interest since the conditions for its validity are fairly weak.
The interaction of blood components with PDMS(polydimethylsiloxane) and LDPE (low-density polyethylene) in a baboon ex vivo arteriovenous shunt model

The interaction of 111Indium-labeled platelets, and other blood components with the luminal surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was determined using an ex vivo arteriovenous shunt in the baboon. Both PDMS and LDPE showed little platelet accumulation at either high (200 cc/min) flow rates. PDMS accumulated more platelets at low than at high flow. When the surfaces of PDMS and LDPE were examined under scanning electron microscopy after 2.5 h of flow in the shunt circuit, red and white blood cells were attached. Platelets appeared to be confined to patchy areas covered by a fibrinlike network. The low platelet reactivity of LDPE and PDMS suggests their potential use as coatings for conventional, more platelet reactive vascular graft materials.
Mountain forests' root growth stabilize atmospheric CO2

Throughout Earth's history, carbon dioxide (CO2 ) has been released and sequestered from the atmosphere in cycles that profoundly influence global climate. One of the processes depleting the atmosphere of CO2 is silicate rock weathering—chemical reactions that eventually combine atmospheric CO2 with calcium or magnesium and remove it from the atmosphere.
Incorporation of ethical and societal issues in biochemistry into a senior seminar course

In their senior year, biochemistry majors at the University of Detroit Mercy take a senior seminar course entitled “Recent Advances in Biochemistry Related to Societal Issues.” Students read papers selected from the current literature and take turns presenting these papers to the class. Papers are grouped into units dealing with molecular biology, protein structure/function, apoptosis/cancer/AIDS, and neurochemistry. The ethical/societal implications of the research are also discussed. In addition, a term paper dealing with societal issues and written in dialogue format by teams of students is required. The students present their dialogue papers as skits to an audience composed of faculty as well as junior biochemistry, chemistry, and biology majors. Based upon a survey taken at the beginning, at midterm, and at the end of the semester, the familiarity of the students with the ethical/societal issues related to the subjects covered increased significantly. Also, in course evaluations administered at the end of the semester, students expressed a high degree of satisfaction with this course.
BROADBAND SOURCE LOCALIZATION IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

The Gulf of Mexico experiment involved a broadband source (100–600 Hz) transmitting pseudorandom noise. The acoustic field was received by five hydrophones positioned vertically in the water column. By performing a correlation between the received time series and the transmitted signal, an approximation of the impulse response for the ocean channel is obtained. This impulse response is readily interpretable to yield information about the experiment, especially its geometry including receiver and bottom depths. With this refined environmental information, we then apply matched-field processing to obtain the source position.
Energy density at a buffet-style lunch differs for adolescents born at high and low risk of obesity.

The energy density (ED; kcal/g) of foods, when manipulated in the laboratory, affects short-term energy intake. The aim of this study was to examine if, when given a choice, dietary ED (foods only) and energy intake (expressed as a percentage of subjects' estimated daily energy requirement; EER) at a self-selected, single meal differ for teens born with a different familial predisposition to obesity and as a function of their sex. Subjects (13 males, 17 females) were 12 years of age and born at high risk (HR; n = 15) or low risk (LR; n = 15) for obesity based on maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). The buffet meal, served for lunch and consumed ad libitum, consisted of a variety of foods and beverages with a range in ED. HR subjects consumed a more energy-dense meal (foods only) than LR subjects (1.84 vs. 1.42 kcal/g; P = 0.02) and males consumed a more energy-dense meal than females (1.83 vs. 1.43 kcal/g; P = 0.03). Total energy intake, when expressed as a percentage of subjects' daily EER, did not differ between HR and LR subjects (42% vs. 33%; P = 0.16). Males, compared to females, consumed ~ 59% more energy from foods and beverages during the meal (46 vs. 29%; P = 0.008). During a single multi-item lunch meal, teens with a familial predisposition to obesity and males, independent of their obesity risk status, self-selected a more energy-dense meal. Familial risk for obesity, through either genetic or environmental pathways, may facilitate a more energy-dense diet.
Feline infectious anaemia. Risk by age, sex and breed; prior disease; seasonal occurrence; mortality

Among 43, 514 cats seen by eleven veterinary school hospital–clinics, feline infectious anaemia (FIA) was diagnosed in 374. The separate effects of age, sex and breed were estimated with relative risk analyses. Risk for FIA increased with age, peaking at 4–6 years. Risk for males was 21/2 times that for females. Cats of mixed breed origin had a slight, but significantly increased risk compared with all breeds combined. A history of prior disease, or stress, did not appear essential for the development (or relapse) of FIA. Seasonally, FIA occurred slightly more frequently in the late spring. Mortality rate increased with age in male cats. The pattern of FIA risk suggests horizontal transmission, probably by direct contact between cats. Resume. Parmi 43.514 chats examines par onze cliniques d'ecoles veterinaires, l'Anemie Feline Infectieuse (AFI) fut diagnostiquee 374 fois. Des analyses de probabilites ont permis d'estimer separement les effets de l'age, du sexe et de la race. Le risque d'AFI augmente avec l'age, et culmine entre 4 et 6 ans. Il est deux fois et demie plus eleve chez les males que chez les femelles. Le risque augmente legerement, mais de facon signifiante, chez les chats d'especes hybrides, en comparaison avec les chats de race pure pris en bloc. Des precedents maladifs, ou un etat de tension, ne semblent pas jouer un role essentiel dans le developpement (ou la rechute) de l'AFI. Du point de vue saisonnier, l'AFI apparait plus frequemment vers la fin du Printemps. Le taux de mortalite s'accroit avec l'age chez les chats males. La courbe des risques d'AFI suggere une transmission horizontale, probablement par contact direct entre chats. Zusammenfassung. Mitunter den, von insgesamt elf tierarztlichen Lehrkliniken unter-suchten 43.514 Katzen, wurde in 374 Katzeninfektionsanamie (KIA) diagnostiziert. Die Alters-, Geschlechts- und Arten-Effekte wurden in der relativen Gefahrsanalyse, separat in Betracht gezogen. Das KIA-Risikq stieg mit der Zunahme des Alters entsprechend an und erreichte zwischen den 4 bis 6 Lebensjahren den Gipfelpunkt; dabei wurde festgestellt, dass im mann-lichen Geschlecht das Risiko 2i-mal grosser als im weiblichen erscheint. Gegeniiber den samt-lichen Katzenarten waren jene von gemischten Zuchten einem geringen, jedoch bedeutungsvoll vermehrten Risiko, ausgesetzt. Bei der Entwicklung (oder Riickfall) von KIA, wiesen fruhere Seuchen odersonstige Schwachheitszustande, auf wesentlich keinerlei Grundbedingungen. Zeit-gemass trat KIA im Spatfruhling etwas haufiger auf als zu anderen Jahreszeiten. In mannlichen Katzen stieg die Sterbensziffer mit der Alterszunahme an. Eine begrenzte Ubertragung, vermut-lich via direkte Kontagion, ist dem Verlauf des KIA-Risikos entnehmbar.
Identification of two penicillin-binding multienzyme complexes in Haemophilus influenzae.

Dansyl-labeled penicillin, reversed-phase chromatography, and peptide mapping have been used to detect, separate, and study penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and PBP multienzyme complexes of H. influenzae. The cross-linking of proteins in the multienzyme complex was accomplished with the aid of cyanogen, a salt-bridge specific cross-linking agent. The chromatographic profile of the PBPs clearly showed a dramatic change in the number and identity of peaks after treatment of the bacterial cells with cyanogen. The disappearance of all seven peaks corresponding to the PBPs was accompanied by the emergence of two new peaks with molecular weights between 400 kDa and 600 kDa. The results hint at the existence of two penicillin-binding multienzyme complexes, each containing subunits that interact via salt-bridges. Chromatographic active site peptide mapping of PBPs and PBP complexes was used to determine the identity of PBPs involved in each complex. It is postulated that one multienzyme complex containing PBP 2 may be involved in cell elongation while the other complex containing PBP 3 may be responsible for cell division.
Acute and chronic estrogen effects upon serum somatomedin activity, growth hormone, and prolactin in man.

Abstract Estrogen (E) reduces bioassayable GH-dependent serum somatomedin (SM) activity in acromegalics without affecting plasma growth hormone (GH) levels and inhibits the rise of SM activity normally produced by GH administration in GH-deficient subjects. We have now investigated the effect of E administration on serum SM activity and on plasma GH and prolactin (PRL) in 6 adult male subjects without pituitary pathology. Chronic E administration (ethinyl estradiol 0.5 mg/day for 7 to 70 days) reduced serum SM activity by 40 to 62% in each of 4 subjects (P < 0.02 to <0.001). In 3 of the subjects, basal GH levels increased by 75 to 300% (P < 0.05 to <0.001) and basal PRL levels increased by 90 to 200% (P < 0.01 to <0.001). While iv administration of normal saline did not significantly affect either SM or GH, iv administration of E (bolus injection of 25 mg conjugated estrogens, USP) to 5 subjects resulted in: a) a 46 to 80% decrease in serum SM activity in all subjects, proceeding with an apparent half-lif...
ACC: using active networking to enhance feedback congestion control mechanisms

Active congestion control (ACC) uses active networking (AN) technology to make feedback congestion control more responsive to network congestion. Current end-to-end feedback congestion control systems detect and relieve congestion only at endpoints. ACC includes programs in each data packet that tell routers how to react to congestion without incurring the round-trip delay that reduces feedback effectiveness in wide area networks. The congested router also sends the new state of the congestion control algorithm to the endpoints to ensure that the distributed state becomes consistent. We present a model for extending feedback congestion control into an active network, apply that model to TCP congestion control, and present simulations that show that the resulting system exhibits up to 18 percent better throughput than TCP under bursty traffic. In simulations without bursty traffic, the systems behaved comparably.
Tumour regression and relapse in mice inoculated with murine sarcoma virus (Moloney).

SUMMARY The oncogenic effect of the virus was tested in mice of different strains and ages. Local sarcomas were induced in all mice, although strain, age or dose dependent variations were found. 4 forms of development occurred: progressive lethal; lethal but long persistent; complete tumour regression; tumour recurrence after regression. Virus activity was highest in the progressively-growing and in the recurrent tumours, while in the longpersistent tumours or in tissue at the site of regressed tumours, little or no virus could be detected.
Termination of gonadal refractoriness in Turkish hamsters, Mesocricetus brandti.

The Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) is a photoperiodic species. In this investigation, we characterized the photoperiodic requirements for termination of gonadal refractoriness, defined as the inability of the animal to respond to short-day treatment with gonadal regression. Paired testes weights were reduced to less than 20% of their original weight by 10 wk of 12L:12D treatment. This was followed by spontaneous testicular recrudescence (completed by Week 25 of 12L I2D treatment), the overt indication of refractoriness to short photoperiods. Next, the period of long-day exposure sufficient for termination of refractoriness was determined. Refractory males were exposed to 16L:8D for 5 to 20 wk. Ten weeks of 16L�8D treatment was enough for the animals to regain the sensitivity to a second challenge of 12L:12D treatment. Fifteen weeks of 20L:4D or 16L:8D terminated refractoriness in female Turkish hamsters; 20L:4D therefore was not interpreted as a short day by refractory hamsters. This was unexpected because in photosensitive animals this photoperiod acts like a short day, causing gonadal regression. These results suggest that Turkish hamsters are similar to Syrian hamsters in that both species require two or more months of long days in summer to recover sensitivity to the short days of the following fall.
Activation of Elk-1, an Ets transcription factor, by glucose and EGF treatment of insulinoma cells.

Elk-1, a member of the ternary complex factor family of Ets domain proteins that bind serum response elements, is activated by phosphorylation in a cell-specific manner in response to growth factor...