cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Healthy Lifestyle Program for Latino Daughters and Mothers: The BOUNCE Overview and Process Evaluation

Abstract Background: Few family-based healthy lifestyle programs for Latinos have been conducted, especially family programs targeting mother-daughter dyads. Purpose: To assess the acceptability and feasibility of the Behavior Opportunities Uniting Nutrition Counseling and Exercise (BOUNCE) program designed for Latino mother-daughter pairs. Methods: 92 participants (46 mother-daughter pairs) were recruited from two elementary schools (3rd-6th grades). Process evaluation measures included attendance rates, instructor and participant’s evaluation of program. Results: Moderate levels of participation were maintained during the BOUNCE program. Of the 46 mother-daughter pairs who were enrolled, 35pairs (76%) completed pre-and post-intervention measurements. Participants rated BOUNCE program activities, content, and instructors as highly satisfactory. Daughters reported cooking, food tasting, journaling, and dancing as the most enjoyable and helpful activities. Mothers' most reported enjoyable and helpful activ...
Multinomial Approximating Models for Options with k State Variables

Contingent claims whose values depend on multiple sources of uncertainty arise in many financial contracts and in the analysis of real projects. Unfortunately closed form solutions for these options are rare and numerical methods can be computationally expensive. This article extends the literature on multinomial approximating models. Specifically, new multinomial models are presented that include as special cases existing models. The more general models are shown to be computationally more efficient.
A MIXED-SIGNAL ROW/COLUMN ARCHITECTURE FOR VERY LARGE MONOLITHIC mm-WAVE PHASED ARRAYS

The range of mm-wave radio communications is severely constrained by high losses arising from the short wavelength and from atmospheric attenuation. Large phased arrays can overcome these limitations, but it is very difficult to realize them using present monolithic beamsteering IC architectures. We propose an alternative architecture for large monolithic phased arrays. The beam is steered in altitude and in azimuth by separately imposing vertical and horizontal phase gradients. This choice reduces IC complexity, making large arrays feasible. Since extensive digital processing provides robust amplitude control and reduces die area, the LOs are processed as digital signals. Being very sensitive to compression, the IF signals are processed as analog signals and distributed by means of synthetic transmission-line buses. With careful frequency planning, this mixed-signal approach can allow large phased arrays to operate at frequencies much higher than those achievable with pure analog design.
Chlorine isotope variations across the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc

Chlorine isotope ratios were determined for volcanic gas, geothermal well, ash, and lava samples along the Izu-Bonin-Mariana volcanic front, serpentinite clasts and muds from serpentine seamounts (Conical, South Chamorro, Torishima), basalts from the Guguan cross-chain, and sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 800, 801, 802, and 1149. There is no systematic variation in δ 37 Cl values along the volcanic front in either gas or ash samples. In contrast, distinct variations occur across the arc, implying variations in the fluid source at different depths within the subduction zone. Serpentinite clasts and serpentine muds from the seamounts tap a source of ~30 km depth and have δ 37 Cl values of structurally bound chloride of +0.4‰ ± 0.4‰ ( n = 24), identical to most seafloor serpentinites, suggesting a serpentinite (chrysotile and/or lizardite to antigorite transition) fluid source. Tapping deeper levels of the subduction zone (~115–130 km depth), volcanic gases and ashes have δ 37 Cl values averaging −1.1‰ ± 1.0‰ ( n = 29), precisely overlapping the range measured in sediments from ODP cores (−1.1‰ ± +0.7‰, n = 11) and limited altered oceanic crust (AOC). Both sediments and AOC are possible Cl sources in the volcanic front. The Guguan cross-chain basalts come from the greatest depths and have an average δ 37 Cl value of +0.2‰ ± 0.2‰ ( n = 3), suggesting a second serpentine-derived source, in this case from antigorite breakdown at ~200 km depth.
The human face of globalization: plant closings and life transitions

Industry in rural, agriculturally based Northwest Tennessee has traditionally been apparel, textile, and footwear. In recent years, globalization has resulted in area plant closings, plant relocations and layoffs throughout the region. This paper examines the impact on former employees interviewed four years after a major plant closing in Obion County. This study presents the case study of the Brown Shoe Company that opened in 1923 and closed in 1994. The findings from this exploratory study suggest that the impacts of plant closures in the footwear industry are similar to other textile and garment factory closings. As in previous studies, workers were concerned with financial and health benefits issues and experienced emotional trauma. Dislocated workers were predominately female, and high poverty rates for families and female heads of households still exist almost eight years after the closing. Longitudinal research is suggested to further inform policy and governmental action in the wake of further plant closings, especially as such economic restructuring affects women and communities in rural southern areas of the USA.
Use of time-lapse video recording for the direct measurement of behavior in the mentally retarded

In the present paper behaviors of mentally retarded children were recorded simultaneously on real time and time lapse video recorders. Behaviors on the time lapse recordings occurred at a rate 12 times faster than they actually occurred in real time resulting in a 92 percent reduction in the time required to score the tapes. Reliability estimates from real time and time lapse records were high and correspondence between the two methods was good. The limitations of time lapse and the feasibilities for the extended use of time lapse video recorders in behavioral and ecobehavioral assessment of mentally retarded individuals are discussed.
Common sense and psychological theories: The historical nature of logical necessity

The importance of common sense for psychological theories is construed as a limiting condition that must be transcended if a particular psychological theory is expected to have generalizability across cultures and over history. Discussion on the pages of this journal, initiated by Jan Smedslund in 1978, has brought the common-sensical nature of the majority of psychological theories into psychologists' focus of attention. Smedslund has attempted to explicate ‘theorems’ of common sense that underlie thinking and activities of human beings in a culture—and that are shared by laypersons as well as by psychologists. This article approaches the issue of common sense in psychological theorizing from a developmental perspective. This perspective emphasizes the process of emergence of qualitatively new cognitive phenomena in the course of cultural history. It is argued that the ‘logical necessity’ based on the ‘theorems’ of common sense is itself ‘historical necessity’, as it results from the history of human cultures. Smedslund's ‘theorems’ of common sense can only be formal, but not substantive, analogues of theorems in geometry, since the latter are ahistorical, whereas the former constitute products of the history of cultures and individuals.
Changes in muscle activation can prolong the endurance time of a submaximal isometric contraction in humans.

Fourteen young subjects (7 men and 7 women) performed a fatiguing isometric contraction with the elbow flexor muscles at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force on three occasions. Enduran...
Importance of routine vascular nephrotomography in excretory urography

The rapid intravenous injection of a large bolus of contrast medium produces a vascular as well as a tubular nephrogram. They are additive but the vascular phase is early, intense, and brief whereas the tubular phase is less intense but more prolonged. The addition of tomography during either phase improves visualization of the renal parenchyma and its outline. A comparison study of tomography during the vascular phase (vascular nephrotomography) with that at five minutes demonstrated the superiority of the former. Our technique, data, and illustrative case abstracts are presented.
Distress Tolerance and its Role in Psychopathology

This introductory paper briefly introduces the present special series, the purpose of which was to provide a forum for the systematic presentation of theory, empirical evidence, and directions for future work as it pertains to distress tolerance and psychopathology. Articles in the series were selected to highlight a broad range of research on topics dealing with distress tolerance and its relation to various aspects of psychopathology. The articles in this series collectively suggest the importance of developing more integrated models that explicitly integrate both basic and applied research in order to translate basic research on distress tolerance to the applied realm and cast such work in a more comprehensive nomological net.
The taxonomic and ecological status of the environmentally restricted Spongillid species of North America. V. Ephydatia subtilis (Weltner) and Stratospongilla penneyi sp. nov.

The taxonomic status of Ephydatia subtilis (Weltner) remains undetermined. Despite extensive collecting in the type locality, Lake Kissimmee, Florida, the species was not found. Stratospongilla penneyi sp. nov. is described utilizing spicular diagnosis, cytochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical data from the type locality are presented and specific threats to the existence of the species are determined.
Determination of radionuclides in foods from Minsk, Belarus, from Chernobyl to the present

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are responsible for the wholesomeness of the food supply in the United States (US). The FDA has been monitoring the food supply in the United States for radioactivity since 1961, because of the Fallout generated by above the ground testing in the early 60’s. This Radionuclide in Foods Program is maintained to allow the FDA to respond to any nuclear emergency that may affect the food supply. The Three Mile Island incident in 1979 was one of these. In 1986 the Chernobyl incident occurred. As a result, the FDA began extensive monitoring of imported foods, especially those from Europe. One of its sister agencies has personnel in the areas effected by the latter incident and requested that the FDA analyze selected food samples from these places. Since that time, they have requested on a periodic basis, selected food samples be analysed. One such city was Minsk in Belarus. This paper will discuss the radionuclides of interest such as iodine-131, cesium-134/137, strontium-90, ruthenium-106 and other short-lived ones. It will discuss the types of foods sampled and the methodology used in determining the concentrations found in these items. The results will be compared to the permissible levels allowed in the US. In addition it will show the lower limits of detection for each of the radionuclides of interest.
Dynamic stereotypes of power: Perceived change and stability in gender hierarchies

Despite widespread change in gender roles, women continue to have less power than men. From the perspective of social role theory, this gender difference in power should be perceived as eroding as women gain access to male-dominated roles typically associated with power. Study 1's open-ended reports nearly unanimously projected an increase in women's power over the next 50 years, whereas responses were equally split between projecting stability or a decrease in men's power. Study 2's quantitative findings illustrated that participants perceived women as gaining in political, economic, occupational, individual, and relational power from the past into the future. In contrast, men were perceived as decreasing in relational power but maintaining levels of other forms of power over time. Despite the projections of increases in women's power, women were not projected to reach parity with men by 2050. We examine the implications of these beliefs for future social change.
Aerosol-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Single-Crystalline NaSbO3 Nanoplates: A Topotactic Template for Ilmenite AgSbO3

As properties of nanocrystals are size- and shape-dependent, synthetic routes that provide fine control over these structural parameters are required. Traditional solid-state reactions often yield a variety of crystallite morphologies and sizes due to limited control over precursor distribution. In ultrasonic spray synthesis, particle formation occurs within spatially and temporally confined droplets, and, as we show, nanoplates of ilmenite NaSbO3 can be prepared by salt-assisted aerosol combustion. The NaSbO3 nanoplates were used as topotactic templates to synthesize AgSbO3 visible-light photocatalysts. The absolute conduction and valence band positions of AgSbO3 nanoplates were deduced by UV–photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. A comparative analysis of model photocatalytic reactions revealed that the surface chemistry and particle morphology were influential in the photocatalytic activity. Significantly, the integration of combustion chemistry and molten fluxes in...
An electron microscopic study of the normal synaptic relationships and early degenerative changes in the rat olfactory tubercle.

The olfactory tubercle of the rat was studied by electron microscopy both in the normal and after ipsilateral olfactory bulb ablation at survival times of from 14 hours to seven days. Particular emphasis was placed on synaptic structures and their changes following the lesion. Normal synapses are similar to those described in previous studies and presynaptic profiles are of at least three types. Types-A and -B contain round vesicles and form asymmetrical contacts and type-C profiles contain flattened vesicles and form symmetrical contacts.
Sharp interface Cartesian grid method I: An easily implemented technique for 3D moving boundary computations

A Cartesian grid method is developed for the simulation of incompressible flows around stationary and moving three-dimensional immersed boundaries. The embedded boundaries are represented using level-sets and treated in a sharp manner without the use of source terms to represent boundary effects. The narrow-band distance function field in the level-set boundary representation facilitates implementation of the finite-difference flow solver. The resulting algorithm is implemented in a straightforward manner in three-dimensions and retains global second-order accuracy. The accuracy of the finite-difference scheme is established and shown to be comparable to finite-volume schemes that are considerably more difficult to implement. Moving boundaries are handled naturally. The pressure solver is accelerated using an algebraic multigrid technique adapted to be effective in the presence of moving embedded boundaries. Benchmarking of the method is performed against available numerical as well as experimental results.
Reaching Out or Pulling Back: Macroeconomic Conditions and Public Support for Social Welfare Spending

In economic hard-times, do Americans call for increases in governmental assistance, or do they clamor for declines in government assistance? We address this question by identifying the impact of state-level macroeconomic conditions on public support for social welfare spending. We analyze individual-level data from the 1984–2000 National Election Studies, combined with state-level macroeconomic indicators of inflation, unemployment, and productivity. We find that state-level inflation, not state-level unemployment nor state-level productivity, consistently and consequentially shapes citizens’ support for social welfare. With rising inflation, Americans become more supportive of means-tested social welfare spending. Our analyses generally reaffirm the value Americans place on the social welfare safety net, especially during times of economic duress. When the going gets tough, Americans reach out, rather than pull back.
Leakage Prediction in Mechanical Seals Under Hydrostatic Operating Condition

This paper considers leakage in mechanical seals under hydrostatic operating condition. A contact model based on the Greenwood and Williamson contact of rough surfaces is developed for treating problems involving mechanical seals in which both the micron scale roughness of the seal face and its macro scale profile are used to obtain either a closed-form equation or a nonlinear equation relating mean plane separation to the mass flow rate. The equations involve the micron scale geometry of the rough surfaces and physical parameter of the seal and carriage. Under hydrostatic condition, it is shown that there is an approximate closed-form solution in which mass flow rate in terms of the mean plane separation, or alternatively, the mean plane separation in terms of the leakage mass flow rate is found. Equations pertaining to leakage in nominally flat seal macro profile is considered and closed form equation relating to leakage flow rate to pressure difference is obtained that contain macro and micron geometries of the seal.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Calculator Use and Problem-Solving Performance.

The use of calculators in schools has been stimulated by widespread availability and low prices (Higgins, 1974; NACOME, 1975; NCTM, 1974; NIENSF, 1977). Studies of calculator use have generally taken the form of having one group of pupils use calculators for a fixed period of time and another group study the same material without calculators, followed by testing for achievement differences. Although this sort of research is essential and valuable, there is a need to study the changes in thinking that may result from calculator use. Polya (1945) has identified four steps in problem solving. First, the student must understand the problem. In this stage the child may restate the problem in his or her own words or restructure the problem in order to grasp the meaning of the problem. Second, the student must devise a plan for solving the problem. In this phase the student may use strategies ranging from applying a rote procedure to trial and error. Third, the student executes the plan. In this step the student may solve a number sentence performing the necessary computations. Fourth, the student looks back and evaluates her or his own work. Persons may be distracted from applying effective problem-solving strategies by the necessity to compute. An elementary school pupil may spend several minutes dividing 6076 by 28 in working toward a solution. If this computation could be performed on a calculator, then he or she might be able to focus more on strategies and less on computation. Furthermore, different strategies might be feasible with a calculator, for example, iterative procedures or successive approximation. In 13 empirical studies with elementary school pupils using calculators, 9 studies reported achievement results favoring the calculator group and I reported results favoring the no-calculator group; 3 reported mixed results (Allen, 1976; Borden, 1977; Campbell & Virgin, 1976; Hawthorne & Sullivan, 1975; Jones, 1976; Nelson, 1976; Schafer, 1975; Schnur & Lang, 1976; Spencer, 1975; Sutherlin, 1977; Wheatley, Shumway, Coburn, Reys, Schoen, Wheatley, & White, 1979; Vanatta & Hutton, Note 1; White & Shumway, Note 2). In 5 of these studies (Campbell & Virgin, 1976; Hawthorne & Sullivan, 1975; Jones, 1976; Spencer, 1975; White & Shumway, Note 2) the differences were on tests of concepts, reasoning, or problem
Antimutagenic Constituents of Casimiroa edulis with Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Activity

An ethyl acetate extract derived from the seeds of the medicinal and food plant Casimiroa edulis inhibited mutagenicity induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) with Salmonella typhimurium strain TM677. It also showed complete inhibition of DMBA-induced preneoplastic lesions with an in vitro mouse mammary gland organ culture system at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation of this extract using antimutagenicity as a monitor led to the isolation of four furocoumarins, constituted by the known compounds phellopterin (1) and isopimpinellin (2) and the novel compounds (R,S)-5-methoxy-8-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl)oxy]psoralen (3) and (R,S)-8-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl)oxy]psoralen (4). Four known alkaloids, casimiroin (5), 4-methoxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone (6), 5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-4-quinolone (7), and γ-fagarine (8), and two known flavonoids, zapotin (9) and 5,6,2‘-trimethoxyflavone (10), were also isolated. Of these isolates, compoun...
Polymerization of Olefin-Terminated Surfactant Bilayers on Magnetic Fluid Nanoparticles

Magnetic fluids consisting of magnetite nanoparticles and a surrounding bilayer of a primary and a secondary fatty acid surfactant were prepared using either 10-undecenoic acid or undecanoic acid for one or both of the surrounding layers. The olefin units were included within the structure as sites for polymerizing the shell components and increasing the stability of the magnetic fluid. In our experiments, we exposed the magnetic fluids to various levels of γ irradiation and observed that the position of the unsaturated fatty acid in the bilayer affected their extent of polymerization, as evidenced by IR and NMR spectroscopies. When 10-undecenoic acid was used solely for the primary layer, γ irradiation resulted in only 50% conversion of the olefinic groups; however, their complete conversion occurred when 10-undecenoic acid was used as both the primary and secondary surfactants of the bilayer. Light scattering measurements showed that this latter magnetic fluid displayed a significant improvement in stab...
Techniques for Memory Testing

Semiconductor memory production relies hedvily on test technology. One testing technique—real-time bit mapping—offers more advantages than any other.
The role of stereotyping in system‐justification and the production of false consciousness

Although the concept of justification has played a significant role in many social psychological theories, its presence in recent examinations of stereotyping has been minimal. We describe and evaluate previous notions of stereotyping as ego-justification and group-justification and propose an additional account, that of system-justification, which refers to psychological processes contributing to the preservation of existing social arrangements even at the expense of personal and group interest. It is argued that the notion of system-justification is necessary to account for previously unexplained phenomena, most notably the participation by disadvantaged individuals and groups in negative stereotypes of themselves, and the consensual nature of stereotypic beliefs despite differences in social relations within and between social groups. We offer a selective review of existing research that demonstrates the role of stereotypes in the production of false consciousness and develop the implications of a system-justification approach. [T]he rationalizing and justifying function of a stereotype exceeds its function as a reflector of group attributes—G. W. Allport (1958, p. 192).
Development and application of NASA's first standard spacecraft computer

To provide the autonomy needed by low, earth-orbiting satellites, NASA's first standard on-board processor requires changing only interfacing hardware from mission to mission.
Transition from open to laparoscopic adrenalectomy: the need for advanced training.

Background: We sought to determine the learning curve for laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA), current use of the procedure, and if indications for adrenalectomy had changed in the past decade. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all adrenalectomies after 1990. Practicing community surgeons in Oregon were mailed a questionnaire. Results: Seventy-five LAs were performed at the Oregon Health and Sciences University and Portland VA Medical Center. Average operating room (OR) time was 161 min and average estimated blood loss (EBL) was 84 ml. There were four complications and two conversions. Comparing the first 20 to the last 20 patients, OR times were 154 vs 159 min (not significant), and EBL was 102 vs 47 ml (p 0.05) and one conversion each. Most residents completed less than two procedures during training, and community surgeons performed none during training. Of 17 currently performing LA, 14 had postresidency training. Open technique was used more often for hormonal ablation and malignancy. Conclusion: Operative time and complications do not decrease with experience, but EBL does. Few, if any, residents acquire enough experience to perform LA in practice. The procedure is performed laparoscopically more often for benign disease.
558 GASTROINTESTINAL CLEARANCE OF ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN: A METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHY

Because of the unavailability of alternate methods to determine protein-loss, we measured the gastrointestinal clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), by a modification of a European technique. We studied eight patients, three with hypoalbuminemia and disorders suggestive of protein-losing enteropathy, and five with or without hypoalbuminemia and gastrointestinal disorders not necessarily associated with protein loss. Clearance of AAT was calculated from the following equation: CAAT = (FxV)/P where C is in cc/days; F = fecal concentration of AAT in cc/1; V = fecal volume in cc/day; P = serum AAT in mg/1. Stools were collected over a three day period and serum AAT obtained on each of three days and averaged in some patients, and from two or one specimen in other patients. The stool was homogenized, and a one gram aliquot resuspended in distilled water. AAT was measured by radioimmuno-diffusion using standard techniques. Serum AAT was measured by standard techniques. We conclude that a three day stool collection with determination of CAAT may be useful in identifying children with protein losing enteropathy.
Kinetic properties of DM-nitrophen binding to calcium and magnesium.

Caged-Ca2+ compounds such as nitrophenyl-EGTA (NP-EGTA) and DM-nitrophen (DMn) are extremely useful in biological research, but their use in live cells is hampered by cytoplasmic [Mg2+]. We determined the properties of Ca2+ release from NP-EGTA and DMn by using Oregon green BAPTA-5N to measure changes in [Ca2+] after ultraviolet flash photolysis in vitro, with or without Mg2+ present. A large fraction (65%) of NP-EGTA, which has a negligible Mg2+ affinity, uncages with a time constant of 10.3 ms, resulting in relatively slow increases in [Ca2+]. Uncaging of DMn is considerably faster, but DMn has a significant affinity for Mg2+ to complicate the uncaging process. With experimentally determined values for the Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding/unbinding rates of DMn and NP-EGTA, we built a mathematical model to assess the utility of NP-EGTA and DMn in rapid Ca2+-uncaging experiments in the presence of Mg2+. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using each compound under different conditions. To determine the kinetics of Ca2+ binding to biologically relevant Ca2+ buffers, such as Ca2+-binding proteins, the use of DMn is preferable even in the presence of Mg2+.
Laryngeal licensing and laryngeal neutralization in Faroese and Icelandic

In Icelandic, and in most dialects of Faroese, the fundamental laryngeal stop contrast is one of aspiration. This contrast is neutralized in certain positions, following patterns which appear problematic for perceptually-based theories (licensing by cue). In postvocalic onset position, a cue-rich environment, the contrast is absent in Icelandic. Most dialects neutralize to unaspirated [p, t, k], whereas others have postaspirated [p h , t h , k h ] instead. In the latter case, the appearance of loanwords with intervocalic [p, t, k] is now creating an incipient aspiration contrast, undoing the previous neutralization pattern. The implications of these facts for Optimality Theory (Richness of the Base) are discussed. In certain dialects of Faroese, such postvocalic singleton onsets are realized as PRE aspirated [ h p, h t, h k]. Curiously, this preaspiration is suppressed in precisely the contexts where it ought to be most salient. An OT analysis is developed to account for this distribution.
From disease ontology to disease-ontology lite

Subjective methods have been reported to adapt a general-purpose ontology for a specific application. For example, Gene Ontology (GO) Slim was created from GO to generate a highly aggregated report of the human-genome annotation. We propose statistical methods to adapt the general purpose, OBO Foundry Disease Ontology (DO) for the identification of gene-disease associations. Thus, we need a simplified definition of disease categories derived from implicated genes. On the basis of the assumption that the DO terms having similar associated genes are closely related, we group the DO terms based on the similarity of gene-to-DO mapping profiles. Two types of binary distance metrics are defined to measure the overall and subset similarity between DO terms. A compactness-scalable fuzzy clustering method is then applied to group similar DO terms. To reduce false clustering, the semantic similarities between DO terms are also used to constrain clustering results. As such, the DO terms are aggregated and the redundant DO terms are largely removed. Using these methods, we constructed a simplified vocabulary list from the DO called Disease Ontology Lite (DOLite). We demonstrated that DOLite results in more interpretable results than DO for gene-disease association tests. The resultant DOLite has been used in the Functional Disease Ontology (FunDO) Web application at http://www.projects.bioinformatics.northwestern.edu/fundo. Contact: s-lin2@northwestern.edu
SDM: malleable information graphics

Selective dynamic manipulation (SDM) is a paradigm for interacting with objects in visualizations. Its methods offer a high degree of selectivity, in choosing object sets, in the selection of interactive techniques and the properties they affect, and in the degree to which a user action affects the visualization. Our goal is to provide a flexible set of techniques and feedback mechanisms that enable users to move objects and transform their appearance to perform a variety of information analysis tasks.
Modeling and simulation with UML and Java

In this paper we describe a method for the use of the Java object-oriented programming language for simulation. Our approach is to use the Unified Modeling Language, recently proposed for general-purpose modeling and software engineering, as a modeling and simulation language with Java as the implementation platform. Using the Model-View-Controller design pattern, views are added to models for such purposes as statistics collection, animation, and checkpoint recording. Controllers are added to models to handle events, or in the case of a simulation, to synthetically generate events. CASE tools being developed for UML will include Java code generation, making the approach proposed in this paper a practical method for simulation modeling.
Providing statistical delay guarantees in wireless networks

We study the delay performance of policed traffic to provide real-time guarantees over wireless networks. A number of models have been presented in the literature to describe wireless (radio or optical) networks in terms of the wireless channel and the underlying error control mechanisms. We describe a general framework to incorporate such models into delay guarantee computations for real-time traffic. Static-priority scheduling is considered, and two different admission control mechanisms are used to achieve the trade-off between resource utilization and admission overhead.
Investigation and comparison of thermal distribution in synchronous and asynchronous 3D ICs

This paper presents an analysis and comparison between synchronous and delay-insensitive asynchronous logic circuits on thermal distributions for investigating novel solutions to the heat dissipation problem in three-dimensional ICs. Due to the spatial and temporal distribution of switching activities in delay-insensitive asynchronous circuits, the thermal density as well as the temperature is largely reduced. Results show that the sample delay-insensitive asynchronous circuit exhibits lower average temperature and more uniform thermal distribution compared to it's synchronous counterpart.
Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (MOSS): A Mission Concept for Global Deep Soil Moisture Observations

The Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (MOSS) is a mission concept for a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system that provides global observations of soil moisture under substantial vegetation cover (exceeding 20 kg/m2 ) and at useful depths (1-5 m). The concept was developed and a number of new required technologies were demonstrated through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubator Program project. This very high frequency (VHF)/ultrahigh frequency (UHF) polarimetric SAR is designed to provide 7-10-day observations of soil moisture at 1-km resolution. The rapid repeat cycle mandates swath widths in the range of 300-400 km, which must be realized by a 30-m-long antenna. Conventional array implementations would result in a mass of more than 4000 kg, whereas with the technology proposed and demonstrated in this project, the total antenna mass is less than 500 kg. The antenna concept is a dual-stacked patch array feed illuminating a 30-m mesh reflector to synthesize the long apertures and achieve the wide swath. The feed system prototype was fabricated and its performance demonstrated. Other major project components were: (1) system-level SAR and mission design; (2) demonstration of science data and products, using a tower-based VHF/UHF radar; (3) spacecraft and mesh reflector antenna mechanical design; (4) developing mitigation strategies for ionospheric effects; and (5) assessing frequency interference effects. Experimental science data were generated from the tower radar for soil moisture profiling in Arizona and for forest penetration in Oregon. The soil moisture products were demonstrated through an integrated inversion-processing algorithm. This paper summarizes the results from the MOSS project and demonstrates the feasibility of the spaceborne mission.
Adrenal function in the infant rhesus monkey.

Plasma concentrations of free 17-OHCS were determined in infant and adult rhesus monkeys prior to and following ACTH administration. No difference in resting steroid levels between the 2 age groups was observed. ACTH administration, however, elicited a significantly greater increase in 17-OHCS levels in infant animals than in adult monkeys. The greater response of the infant to exogenous ACTH could not be attributed to a prolongation of corticosteroid metabolism, since the half-life of administered 4-C14 cortisol was the same in both groups of monkeys.
The Physiology of Body Weight Regulation: Relevance to the Etiology of Obesity in Children

The prevalence of obesity in children and adults in the United States has increased by more than 30% over the past decade. Recent studies of the physiology and molecular genetics of obesity in humans have provided evidence that body weight (fat) is regulated. Some of the genes encoding the molecular components of this regulatory system have been isolated from rodents. The increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States apparently represents the interaction of these genes with an environment that encourages a sedentary lifestyle and consumption of calories. The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity emphasizes the role of environmental factors, because genetic changes could not occur at this rate. Thus, understanding of the relevant genes and how their effects are mediated by environment and development should lead to more effective prophylaxis and therapy of obesity. Although no clear environmental factors have been identified as causative of obesity, the rapid increases in the prevalence of obesity and the seeming voluntary immutability of adult body fatness can be taken as tacit evidence that the pediatric environment can be altered in a way that affects adult body weight.
ESR of Co, Rh, Ir trimers and diatomic ions

Abstract Co 3 and Rh 3 have been prepared in argon/krypton matrices and their electron-spin-resonance spectra measured at ≈ 2 K. Only the lowest Kramers doublet transitions were observed, indicating that the total spin S = 5 2 or 7 2 . The hyperfine intensity patterns and small splittings indicate in each case that the trimers have equilateral triangle structures (D 3h symmetry) with the unpaired spins essentially in non-bonding orbitals involving atomic dδ atomic orbitals. For Rh 3 these findings are in agreement with the theoretical calculations of Dai and Balasubramanian with the condition that the barrier to pseudorotation of the 6 A 1 ground state (C 2v symmetry) is so small as to allow complete fluxional behavior at 2 K. Ir 3 may also have been detected and if so, it is also of high spin. Laser vaporization produces Co + 2 (only in neon matrices) and Ir + 2 (in neon and argon matrices), and their ESR spectra show that each has a 6 Σ ground state.
Dimethylformamide Pharmacokinetics Following Inhalation Exposures to Rats and Mice

ABSTRACTWhole-body inhalation exposures to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were conducted with rats and mice. The exposure concentrations were 10, 250, and 500 ppm DMF. The exposure routines consisted of single 1-, 3-, or 6-hour exposures and ten 6-hour exposures (ten exposure days in 2 weeks). Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) values were determined following exposure for DMF and “N-methylformamide” [“NMF” represented N-methylformamide plus N-(hydroxymethyl)-N-methylformamide (DMF-OH)].The DMF AUC values increased 8- and 29-fold for rats and mice, respectively, following single six-hour exposures to 250 and 500 ppm DMF. These data are indicative of saturation of DMF metabolism. peak “NMF” plasma concentrations for rats and mice, following single 6–hour exposures, did not increase as DMF exposure concentrations increased from 250 to 500 ppm. In addition, the “NMF” plasma levels in rats following a single 6-hour 500 ppm DMF exposure did not decay by 24 hours post exposure. These “NMF” plasma data...
The Abingdon Cross benchmark survey

The status of preliminary efforts to evaluate image processing computers is reported. The author focuses on the use of the Abingdon Cross, a benchmark test for evaluating image processing computers. The task of the benchmark is to find the medial axis of a cross in a noisy background. Results from testing 51 machines are presented. >
RELIABILITY OF GLOBAL IMPRESSIONS FOR ASSESSING METHYLPHENIDATE EFFECTS IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER '

Agreement between raters using global impressions to assess methylphenidate response was analyzed for children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) undergoing double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover methylphenidate trials. Caregivers were more likely to disagree than agree when asked to rate the children as "better, same, or worse" during each day of the trial. Over-all agreement was 42.9%, only 9.6% above what would be expected based on chance alone. Further, none of the interrater reliability coefficients (Cohen's kappa) for the individual children were statistically significant.
Wave-to-Access: Protecting Sensitive Mobile Device Services via a Hand Waving Gesture

Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, offer a wide variety of important services to everyday users. Many of these services (such as NFC payments) are highly sensitive and can be abused by malicious entities, without the knowledge of the device user, in the form of insider attacks (such as malware) and/or outsider attacks (such as unauthorized reading and relay attacks). In this paper, we present a novel application permission granting approach that can be used to protect any sensitive mobile device service. It captures user's intent to access the service via a lightweight hand waving gesture. This gesture is very simple, quick and intuitive for the user, but would be very hard for the attacker to exhibit without user's knowledge. We present the design and implementation of a hand waving gesture recognition mechanism using an ambient light sensor, already available on most mobile devices. We integrate this gesture with the phone dialing service as a specific use case to address the problem of malware that makes premium rate phone calls. We also report on our experiments to analyze the performance of our approach both in benign and adversarial settings. Our results indicate the approach to be quite effective in preventing the misuse of sensitive resources while imposing only minimal user burden.
The Changing Environment of Selling and Sales Management

New developments and trends in selling and sales management are creating demands and opportunities that require adaptation and new approaches on the part of both sales organizations and academic researchers. This paper summarizes critical dimensions of change in the environment that affect the practice of selling and sales management and introduces the papers that follow in this Anniversary Special Issue of JPSSM.
Tuberculosis as a three-act play: A new paradigm for the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Lack of access to human tissues with untreated tuberculosis (TB) has forced generations of researchers to use animal models and to adopt a paradigm that granulomas are the characteristic lesion of both primary and post primary TB. An extended search of studies of human lung tissues failed to find any reports that support this paradigm. We found scores of publications from gross pathology in 1804 through high resolution CT scans in 2015 that identify obstructive lobular pneumonia, not granulomas, as the characteristic lesion of developing post-primary TB. This paper reviews this literature together with other relevant observations to formulate a new paradigm of TB with three distinct stages: a three-act play. First, primary TB, a war of attrition, begins with infection that spreads via lymphatics and blood stream before inducing systemic immunity that contains and controls the organisms within granulomas. Second, post-primary TB, a sneak attack, develops during latent TB as an asymptomatic obstructive lobular pneumonia in persons with effective systemic immunity. It is a paucibacillary process with no granulomas that spreads via bronchi and accumulates mycobacterial antigens and host lipids for 1-2 years before suddenly undergoing caseous necrosis. Third, the fallout, is responsible for nearly all clinical post primary disease. It begins with caseous necrotic pneumonia that is either retained to become the focus of fibrocaseous disease or is coughed out to leave a cavity. This three-stage paradigm suggests testable hypotheses and plausible answers to long standing questions of immunity to TB.
The Genesis of Twin Crystals

Interest has recently been indicated in a possible cause for the occurrence of twins. Apparently the only popular approach to twinning has been through the empirical rules of twinning enunciated by the French School. The writer's views, now some twenty years old, are herewith presented as a rational, structural approach to the cause of twinning. Since a stable crystal represents the least energy state of a collection of atoms, it is evident that the twin boundary must correspond with a higher energy state. It is shown that this higher energy is largely associated with the higher coordination spheres of the atoms. That a twin can form at all requires that the first coordination conditions of the atoms at the boundary are satisfied. This view is purely structural and has been substantiated in twins which have been considered with regard to structure. On the basis of genesis, twins may be divided into the categories of growth twins, transformation twins, and gliding twins. Growth twinning is caused by an accidental departure from equilibrium during growth, and is favored in the nuclear stage, especially under conditions of supersaturation. Transformation twinning is a consequence of high-low inversion. Glide twinning is caused by a specific type of structural shear in plastic deformation. Parting is, in part, a consequence of the high energy in the twin boundary. The act of twinning has analogies with the act of transforming from one polymorph to another: growth twinning corresponds with reconstructive transformation; glide twinning corresponds with displacive transformation. Transformation twinning is a special case of unmixing. The oft-repeated saying that twinning represents the result of an effort on the part of the crystal to assume a greater symmetry is the exact opposite of the true state of affairs.
Alphanomics: The Informational Underpinnings of Market Efficiency

This monograph is a compact introduction to empirical research on market efficiency, behavioral finance, and fundamental analysis. The first section reviews the evolution of academic thinking on market efficiency. Section 2 introduces the noise trader model as an alternative framework for market-related research. Section 3 surveys the growing literature on the causes and consequences of investor sentiment. Section 4 examines the role of fundamental analysis in value investing. Section 5 contains a survey of the literature on arbitrage costs and constraints, and Section 6 discusses research methodology issues associated with the need to distinguish between mispricing from risk.
Pharmacologic Approaches to Violence

Pharmacologic treatments useful in managing violent patients are reviewed. General principles of treatment and techniques for intervening in emergency situations are discussed first, followed by more specific recommendations for treating individuals with personality disorders, thought disorders, organic disorders, affective disorders and psychosexual disorders. The authors emphasize that medication alone almost never provides adequate treatment for such individuals and must be used in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities such as family, group, and individual psycho therapies.
Rmc: Hydra Division

The aluminum industry has been subjected to large price increases, and RMC has paid excess costs to Akron Foundry under a recent contract for aluminum castings. A new contract is being considered.
Electron microscopy of equine abortion virus.

Summary1) Young Syrian golden hamsters were inoculated with equine abortion virus (EAV). Hepatic cells from these animals, in late stages of infection, were studied with the electron microscope, and compared with similar material from uninfected (control) animals. 2) Various forms in which virus particles were seen, are described, and their similarity to other viruses is discussed. 3) Virus particles were observed predominantly in the nuclei. 4) “Nests” of virus particles were seen, but these were not considered to be equivalent to the intranuclear inclusion bodies characteristically seen by light microscopy. No structures identifiable as inclusion bodies were seen. 5) Other cytopathogenic effects are described.