cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An application of constraint programming to generating detailed operations schedules for steel manufacturing

We present an overview of a system developed by IBM for generating short-term operations schedules for a large steel manufacturer. The problem addressed by the system was challenging due to the combination of detailed resource allocation and scheduling constraints and preferences, sequence dependent setup times, tight minimum and maximum inventory level constraints between processes, and constraints on the minimum and maximum levels of production by shift for each product group. We have developed a domain-specific decomposition based approach that uses mixed-integer programming to generate a high-level plan for production, and constraint programming to generate a schedule at fine level of time granularity taking into account detailed scheduling constraints and preferences. In this paper we give an overview of the problem domain and solution approach, and present a detailed description of the constraint programming part of the system. We also discuss the impact the system is having with the customer on their manufacturing operations.
Advanced takeoff procedures for high-speed civil transport community noise reduction

Advanced takeoff procedures were developed for a Mach 2.62 high-speed civil transport configuration (HSCT) equipped with turbine bypass engines, with the goal of reducing the takeoff noise levels for certification to FAR 36, Stage 3 noise levels. The detailed takeoff and landing module for the Flight Optimizations System (FLOPS) computer program was used to generate takeoff profiles. All takeoff procedures were constrained to meet a FAR takeoff field length of 11,000 feet, as well as the minimum required engine-out climb gradients for each airbome segment. Aircraft noise levels at the FAR 36 certification points were calculated using the Aircraft Noise Prediction Program (ANOPP). The study showed that using advanced takeoff procedures in noise certification could result in a 2.25 dB reduction in the amount of noise suppression required to certify this configuration for Stage 3 noise limits. Advanced procedures also resulted in an 8 percent reduction in the 100 EPNdB noise footprint area compared to basic FAR 36 takeoff procedures. In addition, improvements in the lift-to-drag ratio using high-lift devices were shown to produce 1.81 dB more noise reduction when used in combination with advanced takeoff procedures.
Market and Nonmarket Allocation

While markets are pervasive forms of social organization, there are many goods and services that we do not distribute through markets. For example, people buy, sell, and trade cars and shirts, but market exchanges of votes, babies, and legal justice are widely condemned. The market status of other goods – such as health care, human kidneys, and sex – is contested. What reasons can be given in favor of using and refraining from using markets? Many debates in the twentieth century have centered on this question. Typically, the debates over when and where a market is appropriate have focused on efficiency. This article will review the myriad reasons to use or refrain from using markets – including not only reasons of efficiency but also distributive justice and the effects of markets on democratic institutions and culture. This article also examines ways of enriching the list of distributive alternatives beyond the two poles of centralized plan and market such as gifts and lotteries.
Participation in home, extracurricular, and community activities among children and young people with cerebral palsy

AIM Participation in home, extracurricular, and community activities is a desired outcome of rehabilitation services for children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age and gross motor function on participation among children and young people with CP. METHOD Five hundred participants (277 males, 223 females) were grouped by age and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. There were 291 children aged 6 to 12 years and 209 young people aged 13 to 21 years. There were 128 participants in GMFCS level I, 220 in levels II/III, and 152 in levels IV/V. Participants completed the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment to measure number of activities (diversity) and how often they were performed (intensity) in the past 4 months. RESULTS Children had higher overall participation diversity and intensity than young people (p<0.001). Children and young people in GMFCS level I had the highest overall participation, followed by children and young people in levels II/III and IV/V. Children had higher participation in recreational (p<0.001) but not formal (such as team sports or clubs) or physical activities. Children (p<0.01) and young people (p<0.001) in level I had the highest participation in physical activities; diversity and intensity were generally low. INTERPRETATION The findings provide evidence of the effect of age and gross motor function on participation of children and young people with CP. Low participation in physical activities may have implications for fitness and health, especially for children and young people in GMFCS levels IV and V.
Recycling of electric vehicle batteries

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the present state of recycling technologies for electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) battery power sources. The term recycling is used to include materials that are reclaimed for use in different products as well as the materials that are reclaimed and transformed into new batteries. A practical method for recycling batteries and other energy storage components from EVs is viewed as essential for the successful implementation of this transportation technology. Toxic materials are found in many battery technologies. Disposal of EV batteries may be allowable by regulations in some cases, but is likely to be costly and detracts from the environmental benefits of a zero-emission vehicle. The battery is a major cost component for EVs, and therefore disposal is doubly expensive, especially if the waste contains valuable materials. Recycling provides an opportunity to reduce life cycle costs through recovery of high-value materials and avoidance of the cost of hazardous waste disposal. Most developers of power sources for EVs, therefore, have a goal of recycling as much material as possible at the end of life. Less demanding, secondary uses for the energy storage device may extend its term of operation, or in some cases refurbishment could also be considered. Eventually, however, the battery must be processed in such a way that all the valuable and/or hazardous components and materials can be recycled.
The developmentally regulated Drosophila embryonic nuclear lamina protein 'Young Arrest' (fs(1)Ya) is capable of associating with chromatin.

The Drosophila fs(1)Ya protein (YA) is an essential component of the early embryonic nuclear lamina. Mutant zygotes lacking functional YA arrest in the first division cycles following fertilization, hence having a ‘Young Arrest’ of their development. The nuclear lamina is thought to act as the structural backbone for the nucleus and to provide anchoring sites for interphase chromosomes. Here, we demonstrate in vitro that YA is not required for the de novo formation of nuclear structures. Since YA9s sequence predicts potential DNA binding motifs, this protein may instead function to connect the lamina and chromosomes, and thus aid in organizing the nucleus. We ectopically expressed YA in polytene cells and demonstrated its association with polytene chromosomes, preferentially at interbands. Furthermore, our in vitro studies indicate that embryonic YA protein is capable of associating with decondensed chromatin. These observations suggest that YA may be required for the interaction between chromatin and the nuclear envelope during early embryogenesis.
Diseases caused by mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1

Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels mediate a specific form of Ca(2+) influx called store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) that contributes to the function of many cell types. CRAC channels are composed of ORAI1 proteins located in the plasma membrane, which form its ion-conducting pore. ORAI1 channels are activated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 and STIM2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Loss- and gain-of-function gene mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 in human patients cause distinct disease syndromes. CRAC channelopathy is caused by loss-of-function mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 that abolish CRAC channel function and SOCE; it is characterized by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-like disease, autoimmunity, muscular hypotonia, and ectodermal dysplasia, with defects in sweat gland function and dental enamel formation. The latter defect emphasizes an important role of CRAC channels in tooth development. By contrast, autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 result in constitutive CRAC channel activation, SOCE, and increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels that are associated with an overlapping spectrum of diseases, including nonsyndromic tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) and York platelet and Stormorken syndromes. The latter two syndromes are defined, besides myopathy, by thrombocytopenia, thrombopathy, and bleeding diathesis. The fact that myopathy results from both loss- and gain-of-function mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 highlights the importance of CRAC channels for Ca(2+) homeostasis in skeletal muscle function. The cellular dysfunction and clinical disease spectrum observed in mutant patients provide important information about the molecular regulation of ORAI1 and STIM1 proteins and the role of CRAC channels in human physiology.
Central distribution of trigeminal primary afferent fibers in anuran amphibians.

Trigeminal ganglia were unilaterally macerated manually through the foramen ovale in three forgs. Rana catesbeiana, and in two toads, Bufo marinus. Following a two to three week post-operative survival, each animal was anesthetized and was systemically perfused with formalin. Serial transverse frozen sections, 50 μ in diameter, were then prepared from the CNS of each animal. Selected tissue sections were stained according to a uranyl nitrate modification of the Nauta silver technique. The distribution of degenerating fibers was subsequently assesed by microscopic analysis. Degenerating trigeminal fibers could be traced from the trigeminal root into the vicinity of the chief sensory nucleus of the trigeminus and into the spinal V tract and nucleus in both toad and frog. The spinal V tract passed into the cervical spinal cord in all animals but did not pass further caudally than the third spinal segment. In some animals, degenerating fibers passed into the fasciculus solitarius and the nucleus solitarius. No trigeminal primary afferent fibers could be followed into the cerebellum or into the immediate vicinity of any of the cranial motor nuclei, in cluding the trigeminal motor nucleus. The distribution of Gasserian ganglion collaterals recorded in this study is discussed with reference to previous findings in the trigeminal systems of amphibians, birds and mammals.
The formation of low-mass stars

Visible to millimeter wavelength observations of the global and individual aspects of low-mass star formation are discussed. Infrared and millimeter-wave techniques reveal large collections of dust-embedded young stellar objects associated with the densest regions of molecular clouds. Special attention is given to studies of the Taurus-Auriga and Rho Opiuchi molecular cloud complexes. Properties such as the bolometric luminosities and evolutionary states of young objects can be determined by modeling the 1-100-micron spectral energy distributions.
Time-resolved spectroscopic study of the reaction Cl + n-C5H12 --> HCl + C5H11 in solution.

We study the hydrogen abstraction reaction from pentane by chlorine radicals using four different experimental approaches. We use two different solvents (CH2Cl2 and CCl4) and two different chlorine atom sources (photodissociation of dissolved Cl2 and two-photon photolysis of the solvent) to investigate their effects on the recombination and reactivity of the chlorine radical. All four experimental schemes involve direct probing of the transient chlorine population via a charge transfer transition with a solvent molecule. In one of the four approaches, photolysis of Cl2 in dichloromethane, we also monitor the nascent reaction products (HCl) by transient vibrational spectroscopy. Probing both the reactants and the products provides a comprehensive view of this bimolecular reaction in solution. Between one-third and two-thirds of the chlorine radicals that initially escape the solvent cage undergo diffusive geminate recombination with their partner radical (either another chlorine atom or the solvent radical...
Integrated Multimedia Personal Communications with Asymmetric Services for Mobile Users in Cellular Systems

Wireless personal communication networks are evolving to provide integrated multimedia services to mobile users. An important issue in their design is the accommodation of various services each having predefined Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. Efficient resource utilization can be achieved using a medium access scheme that allows various traffic components to be statistically multiplexed and a call admission control to prevent overload. Some multimedia services have asymmetric resource needs. For example, web browsing generally requires more downlink bandwidth than uplink bandwidth. We present a medium access scheme and a call admission control algorithm for guaranteed QoS provisioning in asymmetric integrated multimedia personal communication networks. An overall performance analysis model is developed. Performance characteristics are calculated and presented for an example system.
Cyclic AMP and tumor promoters cause differential induction of ornithine decarboxylase and accumulation of putrescine in Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract The induction or ornithine decarboxylase activity ( l -ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) by either 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate (8Br-cAMP) or the tumor promoting phorbol ester, 12- O -tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA) was studied in a series of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants deficient in the enzyme cAMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37). 8Br-cAMP induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in the parental or wild-type cell line (10001) in a dose-dependent manner, with 1 mM 8Br-cAMP causing a 10–12-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity, which was maximal at 2–3 h following addition of the analog. Similar treatment with 1 mM 8Br-cAMP caused only a 0–3-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in four cAMP-dependent protein kinase mutants studied (10215, 10248, 10260, 10265), indicating that functional cAMP-dependent protein kinase is required for the 8Br-cAMP induced increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity. The tumor promoting phorbol ester, TPA (1.6 μM), led to a 10–15-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in the parental cell line (10001) with maximal levels reached at 3–4 h following addition of the agent. In three out of four cAMP-dependent protein kinase mutants, 1.6 μM TPA caused an 8–10-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity, demonstrating that TPA caused an elevation in ornithine decarboxylase activity by a mechanism not totally dependent upon a functional cAMP-dependent protein kinase system. Both 8Br-cAMP and TPA were capable of stimulating the accumulation of putrescine (the product of ornithine decarboxylase) in the wild-type cell line (10001) at 6 h following treatment. However, only TPA was capable of stimulating an accumulation of putrescine in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase mutants. Neither 8Br-cAMP nor TPA increased the level of spermidine or spermine at 6, 10 or 24 h following treatment in either the parental cell line or cAMP-dependent protein kinase mutants.
Giant spin-orbit interactions in Ar photoionization

We have performed a highly correlated R-matrix calculation for the photoionization of Ar which includes the spin orbit interaction in order to account for the observed giant resonances in the photoionization cross sections of the LS forbidden quartet satellite states of Ar+ as well as those for the dipole allowed doublet states. Contrary to the experimental finding that the cross sections for the 3p4 (3P)4p 4D1/2 and 3p4 (3P)4p 4D3/2 quartet states were 16 to 30 times larger than the doublet states over certain regions, our results reflect the expected result that the doublet states cross sections dominate.
Gas permeability, solubility and diffusivity in 1,2-polybutadiene containing brookite nanoparticles

Abstract Brookite (i.e., titanium dioxide) nanoparticles having a nominal diameter of 3 nm were dispersed in 1,2-polybutadiene (PB) via solution processing to form polymer nanocomposites. Atomic force microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize particle dispersion. A significant population of nanoparticle aggregates exhibited characteristic dimensions below 50 nm. However, some aggregates were over 1 μm in size. At high nanoparticle loadings (e.g., 27 nominal volume percent TiO2), the permeability coefficients of CO2, CH4, N2 and H2 were more than 3 times higher than that in unfilled PB, which is opposite to the trend typically observed when impermeable particles are added to rubbery polymers. Gas solubility coefficients generally increased with increasing particle loading, whereas diffusion coefficients decreased with increasing particle loading. Therefore, the increase in permeability was due to an increase in gas solubility upon incorporating highly sorbing nanoparticles into the polymer. Interestingly, there was virtually no change in pure gas selectivity in the nanocomposites as compared to unfilled PB.
FIRST NORTH AMERICAN RECORDS FOR THE PALEARCTIC ORIUS MAJUSCULUS (REUTER) (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE)

Orius majusculus (Reuter), a widespread Palearctic species, is reported in North America for the first time based on specimens collected in Ontario, Canada. A diagnosis, description, photographs of the adult, photomicrographs of selected structures, and illustrations of male genitalia are presented to help distinguish O. majusculus from other North America species of the genus.
Runoff water quality from turfgrass established using volume-based composted municipal biosolids applications.

Municipal programs for turfgrass establishment recommend large volume-based application rates of composted municipal biosolids (CMB). This study compared runoff water quality among combinations of two common turfgrass establishment practices and two CMB sources. Bryan- or Austin-CMB were incorporated into 5 cm of soil at a rate of 12.5 or 25% by volume (v/v) on an 8.5% slope. Tifway bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy, var. Tifway] sprigs were planted and established; sod, produced at a separate site using either CMB amendment at the 25% v/v rate, was transplanted to the runoff plots on the same day. A mature stand of bermudagrass was used as a control. Runoff water was collected after each of eight natural rain events during the sampling period. Total runoff water loss (mm) was similar for the CMB-amended sprigged and transplanted sod stands. The concentration of total dissolved P (TDP) in runoff water was greatest from the transplanted sod in the first seven rain events (4.1 to 7.5 mg L -1 ). The concentration of TDP in runoff water was similar at both the 12.5 and 25% v/v incorporation rates. Regression analysis indicated Mehlich-3-extractable soil test P concentrations in soil amended with CMB were positively correlated to concentration and mass loss of dissolved P in runoff. At similar application rates, dissolved P loss in runoff water was reduced by incorporating CMB into the soil on site rather than transplanting sod produced with CMB.
Videothoracoscopy an effective method for evaluating and managing thoracic trauma patients.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness of videothoracoscopy in thoracic trauma patients. Methods: The design was a retrospective review. The setting was a major trauma center at an urban county hospital. Forty-one hemodynamically stable patients sustaining thoracic trauma were reviewed (34 penetrating and 7 blunt injuries). In the acute setting ( 24 h) for treatment of thoracic trauma complications (18) including clotted hemothorax (14), persistent air leak (1), widened mediastinum (1), and suspected diaphragmatic injury (2). Results: The average Injury Severity Score (ISS) of these patients was 18.9 ± 10.0. Three of 6 patients (50%) with continued bleeding were successfully treated thoracoscopically. Nine of 10 (90%) diaphragmatic injuries were confirmed by thoracoscopy, and 7 of these 9 patients (77%) were repaired thoracoscopically. Thirteen of 14 patients (93%) with clotted hemothoraces and one with a persistent air leak were treated successfully using thoracoscopy. An aortic injury was ruled out in one patient. Conclusions: Videothoracoscopy is a safe, accurate, minimally invasive, and potentially cost-effective method for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of thoracic trauma patients.
Behavioural responses of red king crab to crab pots

Abstract High bycatch of female and sublegal sized male king crabs in the fishery is of concern to fishermen and management agencies; the efficiency of gear currently used in the fishery needs to be improved. This study examined behavioural responses of red king crabs to pots under laboratory conditions with time-lapse video. Crabs approached the pot from downstream, 82% of searches were confined to within 135 ° of the downstream direction, and 78.3% of crabs searched less than 90 ° before leaving or entering. The probability of entry success increased with the number of approaches. Crabs which failed to enter made an average of 2.6 approaches compared with 3.9 approaches for crabs which entered pots. The entry success rate was 8.1%. No significant differences in approach, search, and entry were found between ovigerous females, juvenile females, legal-sized males, and sublegal-sized males. Legal males (≥ 178 mm carapace width) had a significantly lower escape attempt rate and escape rate than sublegal males and females. Crabs depend on chemical cues during foraging, approaching, and searching. The current king crab pot is inefficient because crabs have difficulties in accessing the entrances and non-legal crabs have difficulties in escaping.
Exogenous control of cardiac gene therapy: Evidence of regulated myocardial transgene expression after adenovirus and adeno-associated virus transfer of expression cassettes containing corticosteroid response element promoters

Abstract Objective: Because of the relative inaccessibility of the heart for repeated gene therapy, it would be useful to regulate the expression of transgenes delivered in a single dose of a gene therapy vector. Incorporation into the vector of a regulatable promoter that is responsive to pharmacologic agents that are widely used and well tolerated in clinical practice represents such a control strategy. Methods: A replication-deficient adenovirus or an adeno-associated virus containing a chimeric promoter composed of 5 glucocorticoid response elements and the murine thrombopoietin complementary DNA (AdGRE. mTPO or AAVGRE. mTPO ) was administered to the hearts of Sprague-Dawley rats. Platelet levels were evaluated as a reporter of transgene activity with or without dexamethasone. For comparison, rats received a control adenovirus vector, AdCMV. mTPO or AdCMV.Null, and the control adeno-associated virus vector AAVCMV. luc , which encodes for the firefly luciferase (luc) gene. Results: Platelet elevation in the AdGRE. mTPO group peaked 4 days after dexamethasone administration, with a return to baseline 1 week after the initial corticosteroid dose. Subsequent dexamethasone administration at 2 and 4 weeks resulted in similar but progressively decreased responses. The AAVGRE. mTPO group had 5 peak platelet levels to a minimum of 2.2-fold with respect to baseline without diminution with subsequent dexamethasone administrations out to 169 days. In contrast, the AdCMV.Null and AAVCMV. luc groups demonstrated no increase in platelet counts and the AdCMV. mTPO group demonstrated a slow rise to a single peak platelet count independent of dexamethasone administration. Conclusion: It may be possible to control on demand the expression of a gene transferred to the heart. This strategy should be useful in cardiac gene therapy. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:26-35)
Multiple-Material Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms Created Via PolyJet Three-Dimensional Printing

Compliant mechanisms are able to transfer motion, force, and energy using a monolithic structure without discrete hinge elements. The geometric design freedoms and multimaterial capability offered by the PolyJet 3D printing process enables the fabrication of compliant mechanisms with optimized topology. The inclusion of multiple materials in the topology optimization process has the potential to eliminate the narrow, weak, hingelike sections that are often present in single-material compliant mechanisms and also allow for greater magnitude deflections. In this paper, the authors propose a design and fabrication process for the realization of 3-phase, multiple-material compliant mechanisms. The process is tested on a 2D compliant force inverter. Experimental and numerical performance of the resulting 3-phase inverter is compared against a standard 2-phase design.
Delegation of Authority in Active Directory

Abstract Back in 1986, dear old Uncle Sydney predicted that one day users on his network would have the power to add users, change system properties, add and delete directories, and generally manage their own environments. We treated him very gently, fitted him with a comfortable (size 44 long) straitjacket, and had him led away for a long rest by the nice men in white coats. I mean, give a user rights? A user at the time was barely considered a living organism, and certainly not someone (or something) capable of handling rights.
Nitrosamine formation in corrosion‐inhibiting compositions containing nitrite salts of secondary amines

Abstract Dialkylammonium nitrite salts are used to inhibit corrosion of ferrous metals in various types of packaging. We have shown that these nitrite salts, solutions used in their preparation, and material in which they are packaged may be contaminated with the corresponding nitrosamines. This nitrosamine formation may represent a hazard for people involved in the preparation or use of dialkylammonium salts.
Nonthermal surface chemistry: collision-induced reactions of NH 3 on Pt{111}

ABSTRACT We report the coffision4nduced desorption and dissociation oftwo molecular forms ofanunoniabound to aPt{l1l) single czystal by abeam oftranslationaly energetic, nentral noble gas atoms. In this experiment the probabilty for desorption at low coverageis measured as a function ofthe collision energy between an Ar atom and chemisorbedammonia molecule and is found to be independent ofthe Ar beam angle ofincidence. Athigher initial ammonia coverages the probability ofcollision-induced desorption is greatersince the NH3/Pt{1 1 1) binding energy is much weaker. In addition we observe formationofsurface NH products generated in a process known as collision-induced dissociation. L INTRODUCTION For chemisorbed polyatomic molecules, the Surface-adSOrbate complex can beprobed by a battery of experimental methods to meaire the fundamental vibrationalfrequencies ofthe complex and provide insights about the bonding site and geometry.These techniques include: electron energy loss spectroscopy, infrared reflection-absorptionspectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and surface extended x-ray absorption finestructure'. Information about the adsorbate-surface interaction potential can be gleanedfrom angular and velocity distributions ofmolecules scattered from surfaces using atomicand molecular beam scattering techniques.2 The energetics ofbond making and breakingat surfaces are primarily probed by thermal methods, almost exclusively by the techniqueknown as temperature programmed desorplion (TPD)3. However, for chemisorbedpolyatomic molecules the TPD experiment is limited by thermodynamic and kineticconsiderations since energy is introduced to the surface system in a thermal fashion, thatis, bulk heating. Consequently, for most chemisorbed polyatomic molecules
Green Buildings and Building Assessment Systems: A New Area of Interest for Planners

The purpose of this article is to provide planners with an introduction to the concept of green buildings and building assessment systems and to identify and explore the major themes in the literature as they relate to planning. Six themes are identified: scope, weighting, subjectivity, rigor, adaptation, and life cycle analysis. Planners have begun to develop and implement green building policies and programs, although there is much room for expansion of the role of planning in green building issues. The article concludes by outlining a broad research agenda that can help move the discussion of the role of planning in green building issues forward. Planning needs to take a more assertive role in green buildings to add more comprehensiveness to the issue.
Detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 with a mammalian cell line expressing glycoprotein gG-2.

The gene (US4) coding for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein G (gG-2) was cloned and constitutively expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The expression vector containing the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene, and the HSV-2 US4 gene under the control of the Simian virus 40 early promoter (SV40 EP), was transfected into dhfr-deficient CHO cells. The transfected cells were selected and amplified using methotrexate (MTX). To demonstrate that the gG-2 produced in these transformed cells had antigenic determinants in common with the native glycoprotein, CHO cells expressing gG-2 were used in an immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for the detection of HSV-2 type-specific antibodies in human serum samples. Seven of eight serum samples from adults with prior episodes of culture proven HSV-2 infections were found to be positive by the IFA method whereas none of seven serum samples from young children with culture documented HSV-1 infections were positive by IFA. Thus the recombinant CHO : gG-2 cells have diagnostic utility in an HSV-2 specific serologic assay.
Similarity of anomalous sea level pressure fields during the July 1986 and September 1987 southern California Quakes—Accidental or Indicative?

Moderate size earthquakes in Southern California in July 1986 and October 1987 were associated with similar antecedent monthly mean anomaly patterns of sea level pressure over the far western contiguous United States and eastern North Pacific. This apparent relationship and a long time series of such patterns in past Julys and Octobers suggest that further research of this nature might be of value in earthquake prediction.
A STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL OF METAL CORROSION BY SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA IN ANIMAL BUILDINGS

The potential of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to cause metal corrosion in animal buildings was examined in this study. An analysis was done on the bacterial colonization and the corrosion products on the surfaces of metals exposed to three animal buildings and one environmentally controlled building over a two-year period. Data from this study showed that the levels of SRB on metal surfaces were low after two-year’s exposure (maximum count: 1.7 × 104/cm2). SRB colonization levels after two years were not sufficient to corrode metal products exposed in animal environments. In addition, metal surface analysis data using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the corrosion compounds formed on the surfaces of different metals were not due to the SRB-induced corrosion mechanisms. These compounds were mainly oxides and carbonates (FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and Fe(CO)5 on iron samples; ZnO and ZnCO3 on galvanized steel samples; Al2O3, ZnO, and ZnCO3 on Galvalume samples), and were normally generated due to the classic types of corrosion mechanisms. Some sulfur was present to form ZnS on the galvanized steel samples, but might not be attributed to SRB. The origin of this sulfur was not clear.
The use of topical anesthetic in videostroboscopic examination of the larynx

Summary The use of topical anesthetic spray in the oropharynx to reduce excessive gag reflex and permit endoscopic videostroboscopy of the larynx is a common clinical practice. However, clinical observations and some studies have indicated that such use may alter physiological status and result in adverse changes in laryngeal activity. This study examined possible effects of topical anesthetic on a wide range of laryngeal activity assessed with videostroboscopy. Laryngeal activity of 10 young adults with normal larynges was evaluated with and without lidocaine. Results indicated that the use of topical anesthetic to reduce the gag reflex did not affect vocal performance and may have examination benefits
SU-FF-T-388: Secondary Radiation Doses From CyberKnife SRS/RT

Purpose: Because of extensive use of conventional x‐rays in CyberKnife SRS/RT for treatment tracking and large number of monitor units (MU) in beam delivery, it is of great concerns of potential secondary radiation risks for patients with benign lesions. This study intend to determine the total secondary radiation dose and its components from both Linac and conventional x‐rays, to estimate the risks, and to assist to better manage frequency of x‐rays acquisition for treatment tracking and better guide through the treatment planning. Comparison with other modalities will also be discussed. Method and Materials: A human phantom was constructed from the Accuray head phantom adjacent to a thoracic and pelvic body section from a commercial humanoid phantom. Measurements were taken at the surface and depth for both high‐energy photons and conventional x‐rays, respectively. Thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD) chips were placed at 0, 10, 20 and 30cm from the pseudo isocenter. At depth, TLD chips were covered with bolus material for backscatter and/or dose buildup. Results: The secondary radiation dose from conventional x‐rays was about 0.1cGy per exposure inside the radiation field and fell off rapidly outside. The secondary dose from the high‐energy photons was approximately 0.6cGy per 100MU at the distance 10cm from the pseudo‐isocenter and fell off gradually. On average, the total secondary dose to a patient under CK SRS/RT would be 84, 42 and 40cGy at 10, 20 and 30cm away from the pseudo‐isocenter, respectively. Conclusion: The secondary radiation dose to a patient under CK SRS/RT could be significant and high as compared to other similar modalities. During patient treatment, the frequency of x‐rays acquisition should be carefully evaluated between the clinical necessity and potential radiation risks. This is also true in the process of treatment plan development during which the number of fractions and MUs would be determined.
A periodicity result of partial words with one hole

Abstract The study of the combinatorial properties of strings of symbols from a finite alphabet, also referred to as words , is profoundly connected to numerous fields such as biology, computer science, mathematics, and physics. Partial words have long been known. They have been around in information and coding theory as well as molecular biology. While a word can be described by a total function, a partial word can be described by a partial function. More precisely, a partial word of length n over a finite alphabet A is a partial function from {0, … , n − 1} into A . Elements of {…, n − 1 without an image are called holes. A word is just a partial word without holes. The notion of period of a word is central in combinatorics on words. In the case of partial words, there are two notions: one is that of period , and the other is that of local period . There are many fundamental results on periods of words. Among them is the well-known periodicity result of Fine and Wilf which intuitively determines how far two periodic events have to match in order to guarantee a common period. This result was extended to partial words with one hole by Berstel and Boasson. We can define the set PER o of all words of maximal length for which Fine and Wilf's result does not apply. Similarly, we can define the set PER 1 of all partial words with one hole of maximal length for which Berstel and Boasson's result does not apply. It is well known that PER o contains a unique word (up to a renaming) that is binary. In this note, we extend this result to PER 1 .
Mobile Scene Flow Synthesis

Scene flow is the motion of the 3D world, it is used in obstacle avoidance, slow motion interpolation, surveillance, studying human behavior, and much more. A mobile implementation of scene flow can greatly increase the flexibility of scene flow applications. Furthermore, combining multiple scene flows to one panoramic scene flow can aid in these tasks: allowing coverage of dead spots in surveillance, studying human motion from multiple views, or simply obtain a larger motion view of a scene. In this paper, a robust algorithm for building panoramic scene flow obtained from a mobile device is described. Since scene flow is estimated from a mobile device, observer motion is compensated for using least squares fitting over the entire scene. Furthermore, noise is reduced and outliers are eliminated from the 3D motion field using motion model fitting. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm for constructing a scene flow panorama from moving sources.
True recurrence vs. new primary ipsilateral breast tumor relapse : An analysis of clinical and pathologic differences and their implications in natural history, prognoses, and therapeutic management

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to classify all ipsilateral breast tumor relapses (IBTR) in patients treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy (CS+RT) as either new primary tumors (NP) or true local recurrences (TR) and to assess the prognostic and therapeutic implications of this classification. Methods and Materials: Of the 1152 patients who have been treated at Yale–New Haven Hospital before 1990, 136 patients have experienced IBTR as their primary site of failure. These relapses were classified as either NP or TR. Specifically, patients were classified as NP if the recurrence was distinctly different from the primary tumor with respect to the histologic subtype, the recurrence location was in a different location, or if the flow cytometry changed from aneuploid to diploid. This information was determined by a detailed review of each patient’s hospital and/or radiotherapy record, mammograms, and pathologic reports. Results: As of 2/99, with a mean follow-up of 14.2 years, the overall ipsilateral breast relapse-free rate for all 1152 patients was 86% at 10 years. Using the classification scheme outlined above, 60 patient relapses were classified as TR, 70 were classified as NP and 6 were unable to be classified. NP patients had a longer mean time to breast relapse than TR patients (7.3 years vs. 3.7 years, p < 0.0001) and were significantly younger than TR patients (48.9 years vs. 54.5 years, p < 0.01). Patients developed both TR and NP at similar rates until approximately 8 years, when TR rates stabilized but NP rates continued to rise. By 15 years following original diagnosis, the TR rate was 6.8% compared to 13.1% for NP. Of the patients who had been previously tested for BRCA1/2 mutations, 17% (8/52) had deleterious mutations. It is noteworthy that all patients with deleterious mutations had new primary IBTR, while patients without deleterious mutations had both TR and NP (p = 0.06). Ploidy was evenly distributed between TR and NP but NP had a significantly lower S phase fraction (NP 13.1 vs. TR 22.0, p < 0.05). The overall survival following breast relapse was 64% at 10 years and 49% at 15 years. With a mean follow-up of 10.4 years following breast relapse, patients with NP had better 10-year overall survival (TR 55% vs. NP 75%, p < 0.0001), distant disease-free survival (TR 41% vs. NP 85%, p < 0.0001), and cause-specific survival (TR 55% vs. NP 90%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: It appears that a significant portion of patients who experience ipsilateral breast tumor relapse following conservative surgery and radiation therapy have new primary tumors as opposed to true local recurrences. True recurrence and new primary tumor ipsilateral breast tumor relapses have different natural histories, different prognoses, and, in turn, different implications for therapeutic management.
Self‐assembly of GaAs holed nanostructures by droplet epitaxy

The cover picture refers to the Rapid Research Letter by Zhiming M. Wang et al. [1] and displays the nanostructure evolution during GaAs growth by droplet epitaxy. The two colored AFM images of 2 µm × 2 µm show the formation of GaAs nano-crystals shaped like lighted candles and square-holed round coins. The first author, Zhiming M. Wang, is a research professor at the University of Arkansas, USA, and a member of the Molecular-Beam Epitaxial group of Distinguished Professor Gregory J. Salamo. His current research interests include low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures, ferroelectronic and ferromagnetic nanostructures, and manipulation of single molecules. This issue of physica status solidi (a) also contains contributions from the 4th International Conference “Porous Semiconductors – Science and Technology”, held 14–19 March 2004 in Cullera (Valencia), Spain. Further papers from PSST-2004 are published in phys. stat. sol. (c) 2, No. 9 (2005).
Laser spectroscopy as a probe of structural changes in Eu doped La2−xSrxCuO4

Abstract Eu doped samples of La 2−x Sr x CuO 4 for x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.50 have been prepared and examined by laser spectroscopy. Three different types of 7 F 0 → 5 D 0 excitation spectra have been observed for low (x ≤ 0.05), moderate (x = 0.10–0.20) and high ( x = 0.50) levels of Sr doping.
Three-level neural model: an operational study of essential human intelligence

A three-level neural model is proposed for studying human intelligence. The three levels consist of the basic neuron level, the module level, and the module organizational level (also called the neocortex level). To bridge the operations and the functions performed on both the module and the module organization levels, a concept called 'sensation' is introduced. A sensation group is defined as the spatial distribution of sensations over the neocortex, which represents the sole vehicle on the module organization level. Since on the functional level knowledge can be described as the relationships among the sensible objects in the real world and also as mental ideas, it can be represented by the relationships among the sensation groups on the operational level. Several basic operational mechanisms involved in the origins of knowledge are discussed. >
Detection of DNA sequence polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism genes by polymerase chain reaction

The glutathione transferase mu gene (GST1) and the debrisoquine hydroxylase gene (CYP2D6) are known to be polymorphic in the human population and have been associated with increased susceptibility to cancer. Smokers with low lymphocyte GST mu activity are at higher risk for lung cancer, while low debrisoquine hydroxylase activity has been correlated with lower risk for lung and bladder cancer. Phenotypic characterization of these polymorphisms by lymphocyte enzyme activity (GST) and urine metabolite ratios (debrisoquine) is cumbersome for population studies. Recent cloning and sequencing of the mutant alleles of these genes has allowed genotyping via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Advantages of PCR approaches are speed, technical simplicity, and minimal sample requirements. This article reviews the PCR-based methods for detection of genetic polymorphisms in human cancer susceptibility genes.
“Closed Stacks” for Current Periodicals

Auburn University Libraries wanted to reduce the amount of work devoted to current print issues in a manner acceptable to public service librarians and patrons. The Current Periodicals collection in the Ralph Brown Draughon (RBD) Library, the main library, has been reduced to only those periodical issues for which reliable online access is not available. Current issues that have online access are kept in the Acquisitions Department in a “closed stacks” arrangement. “Closed stacks” issues are available to patrons upon request. The experience at Auburn University demonstrates that reconfiguring processes for Current Periodicals involves collaboration between technical and public services with minimal difficulties and introduces new efficiencies. The librarians hope to save time and resources and reduce missing issues and claims. They are monitoring patron reaction to the change.
HIGH-DIELECTRIC-LOADED FILMS

ABSTRACT The development of high-dielectric compositions of inorganic dielectrics dispersed in an organic matrix is described. Such composites have potential value in the construction of in situ capacitors in circuit boards. A large number of commercial barium titanates as well as a variety of commercial and experimental ceramic bodies were evaluated as loading materials. Several commercial resins were examined for use as the binder. The material having the highest dielectric constant (46.9) is a commercial barium titanate dispersed at 82.5% loading in Amoco's P-1700 Polysulfone.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MITOSIS IN THE MARINE RED ALGA MEMBRANOPTERA PLATYPHYLLA1,2

SUMMARY Gametophyte germlings from unialgal cultures of Membranoptera platyphylla were examined with the electron microscope. The events of mitosis were observed in dividing cells near the thallus apex. In prophase the nucleus is spindle-shaped and surrounded by microtubules and a layer of endoplasmic reticulum. A unique organelle, the polar ring, is present at each pole; its junction is not clear. At metaphase the nuclear envelope is intact except for fenestrations at the poles. Spindle microtubules are attached to distinct kinetochores on the chromosomes and continuous pole-to-pole microtubules are present. The nucleolus has dispersed but, its granular components are still evident in the nucleoplasm. As the chromosomes separate, the nucleus elongates and finally constricts in the middle to produce 2 daughter nuclei.
“Who is Sarah?”: A Critique of The French Lieutenant's Woman's Feminism

(1987). “Who is Sarah?”: A Critique of The French Lieutenant's Woman's Feminism. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 225-236.
Voltage temperature life testing of fluorescent ballast insulation systems

FLUORESCENT lamp ballasts were first introduced by the General Electric Company in 1939 as a necessary auxiliary for a new lighting source, the fluorescent lamp. From the time of the introduction of this new product up through World War II, standard 105 C (degrees centigrade) (class A) insulation materials were used and little was done about improving this aspect of the product. Primary development activity was concerned with reducing size and improving circuitry of the units.