cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fission track age of magnetic anomaly 10: a new point on the sea-floor spreading curve.

A portion of basaltic glass retrieved from an abyssal hill in the northeast Pacific has been dated by the fission track method. The sample location corresponds to magnetic anomaly 10 believed to have resulted from sea-floor spreading. The age of this sample is 35 ± 5 million years, which is in agreement with the previously proposed age of 31 to 32 million years based on linear extrapolation of measured recent spreading rates. This observation upholds the suggestions of other authors on the time variation of sea-floor spreading for the last 30 million years in various parts of the world ocean basin.
Simulating the DYNIX operating system parallel programming interface on a UNIX systems

This paper presents the implementation of multitasking functions of DYNIX Sequent computers on the UNIX operating system. The Sequent computers are shared memory multiprocessor computers running the DYNIX operating system. These functions support data and function partitioning. They let the user implement subprograms by the processors of a Sequent computer in parallel. The functions can synchronize, lock, and unlock data and program segments. As a result, the simulator allows the users to develop their multitasking programs on a uniprocessor computer such as a SUN workstation, and later port them to a Sequent computer. Further, the simulator adds a level of abstraction on top of UNIX for concurrent programming. The functions of the simulator allow the user to handle the communication and synchronization of the processes in a program at a higher level of abstraction, while concentrating on the design of multitasking algorithms. The simulator is applied to a parallel selection algorithm. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VDU emissions - what, why and standards

All electronic equipment has the potential to emit signals across a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The standards supporting the EMC Directive (and earlier national and industry requirements) concentrate on the higher frequency emissions in order to minimise the likelihood of interaction between electronic systems. This paper discusses the lower frequency emissions, some unique to visual display units (VDUs), which are not yet covered by formal standards. The emission levels discussed are very much lower than those required for reasons of compatibility with other systems and were generated pragmatically; they are not based on medical science.
NMR studies of hydrogen bonding interactions with secondary amide and urea groups

The cis/trans ratios for six model secondary amides were determined by 1H NMR in a range of solvent systems. The trans to cis equilibrium in chloroform is only slightly affected by addition of the hydrogen bond donor, trifluorethanol, but the cis rotamer is stabilized by an average of 0.7 kcal mol−1 when acetic acid is used as an intermolecular donor–acceptor template. Conversely, amide interaction with anionic hydrogen bond acceptors decreases the percentage of cis rotamer. 15N NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the effect of hydrogen bonding on the trans amide structure. The direction and the magnitude of 15N complex-induced-shifts indicate that both hydrogen bond donors and acceptors raise the secondary amide rotational barrier by increasing the CN bond order. The relationship of these results to protein structure is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Age‐appropriate Prolactin Levels to Diagnose Children with Seizures in the Emergency Department

Objective: To assess the utility of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prolactin levels for identifying children who have experienced seizures. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in a pediatric ED at an urban children's hospital. A convenience sample of children underwent blood and CSF analyses in the ED over a 2-year period. Results: Thirty-five children (aged 3 months-15 years) with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and 48 ill control patients were studied. Both groups included febrile and afebrile patients. The patient characteristics in the seizure and control groups were similar with respect to age, fever, current medications, and blood, urine, and CSF cultures. When serum prolactin levels were assigned age-adjusted dichotomous values of “elevated” or “normal,” the rates of elevation between the seizure and control patients were different (p < 0.001). The positive and negative predictive values of these age-adjusted levels were 68% (95% CI 47–85%) and 76% (95% CI 61–87%), respectively. The mean CSF prolactin levels of the seizure and control groups were not significantly different. In addition, there was no single threshold CSF prolactin level that could delineate seizure patients from control patients. Conclusions: Age-adjusted serum prolactin levels are useful only as an adjunct in the prospective evaluation of the individual pediatric patient for epileptic seizure activity. CSF prolactin levels are not useful in the diagnosis of generalized seizures in children in the acute care setting.
Amniotic Sac Herniation Through a Prior Cornual Scar in The Third Trimester.

Introduction Uterine rupture occurs in less than 0.1% of pregnancies. This complication can be detrimental to mother and fetus if not detected and managed in a timely manner. We report an unusual presentation of uterine scar rupture that was diagnosed on ultrasound in a completely stable patient with reassuring fetal status. Case Report A 24-year-old Gravida 5, Para 3 with history of cornual resection for ectopic pregnancy and two previous uterine ruptures presented at 30 weeks' gestation with worsening abdominal pain. Ultrasound identified herniation of the amniotic sac with fetal parts. The patient underwent cesarean delivery and cornual defect repair. Conclusion Close observation and early delivery remain vital to the patient's management.
Music Teacher Education at a Liberal Arts College: Perspectives across Campus.

In 2012, a committee at a small Midwestern liberal arts college, Lake Forest College, embarked on a journey to create a music education teacher licensure major. Drawing from narrative inquiry, this...
DISQUIET ON THE WATERFRONT: REFLECTIONS ON NOSTALGIA AND UTOPIA IN THE URBAN ARCHETYPES OF FESTIVAL MARKETPLACES

Festival marketplaces have been developed in many cities of the United States under public-private partnerships as a means to promote urban revitalization in historic downtowns, and especially on waterfronts. While some critics have welcomed the return of public life and collective narratives in these new retail landscapes, others have lamented their exclusionary nature, ideological manipulations, and formulaic aesthetics. This paper critically examines these claims and argues that festival marketplaces are profoundly ambivalent places, which in their rhetorical commitment to Utopian values of urbanism open up opportunities for urban politics that both critiques ignore. This is demonstrated through a review of four archetypes of ideal urbanness that are reproduced in these forms, namely public space, the marketplace, street theater, and the waterfront. The archetypes are articulated through powerful narratives of nostalgia, and I draw on Walter Benjamin to argue that the festival marketplace is a dream-ho...
Iodine based compound semiconductors for room temperature gamma-ray spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Iodine-based compound semiconductors may allow one to build a portable gamma-ray spectrometer with improved efficiency and energy resolution compared to many other portable spectrometer devices. Iodine-based semiconductors have a wide band gap that allows these detectors to ope rate without any cooling mechanism. Bismuth iodide (BiI 3 ), lead iodide (PbI 2 ) and mercuric iodide (HgI 2 ) have theoretical gamma-ray detection efficiencies approximately 2-3 times higher than CdZnTe, the current compound semiconductor material proposed for use in several homeland/national security applications, over the range of 200-3000 keV. At 662 keV, BiI 3 , HgI 2 and PbI 2 have theoretical intrinsic photopeak efficiencies of 16.8%, 19.3% and 19.9%, respectively, while CdZnTe has a photopeak efficiency of 9.03%. In addition, gamma-ray spectrometers made from iodine-based compound semiconductor materials have demonstrated energy resolutions (FWHM) less than 2% at 662 keV. A 2% FWHM represents a significant improvement over many of todays scintillator-based radiation detectors used for homeland/national security purposes. We present some fundamental challenges in working with iodine-based semiconductors, including crystal growth issues and properties of the materials limiting radiation detector size, and the need for advanced electrode designs. Finally, we present elementary measurements illustrating the detection capabilities of iodine-based compound semiconductor materials. Keywords: radiation detection, gamma-ray spectroscopy, semiconduc tor, mercuric iodide, lead iodide, bismuth iodide
Pathogenesis of the Takotsubo Syndrome: A Unifying Hypothesis

The takotsubo syndrome (TS) is defined by a constellation of clinical observations in a subgroup of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Separating patients with TS from the general population with acute ischemic events are 2 important findings: obstructive coronary artery disease is missing, but the sine qua non is a distinctive pattern of abnormal left ventricular contraction. As with many newly recognized clinical syndromes, TS seems not to conform to accepted pathogenetic mechanisms. Thus, physicians are challenged to identify previously unrecognized mechanisms of disease. Two schools of thought have emerged in this regard. Most consider its pathogenesis to be a stress-induced neurohormonal phenomenon, while a smaller but substantial group believe that the transient occlusion of an epicardial coronary artery is responsible and that the syndrome is simply an unusual manifestation of coronary atherosclerosis. This editorial outlines briefly the evidence for each of these positions and presents a novel construct that may encompass the 2 views. Central to this unifying hypothesis is the belief that a neurohormonal surge triggers the hallmark left ventricular contraction abnormality, the sine qua non of the TS. In conclusion, the authors postulate that this pattern will result regardless of the state of the epicardial coronary arteries and can be observed in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, as well as those with obstructed or occluded arteries.
An Annual Zonally Averaged Global Climatic Model with Diffuse Cloudiness Feedback

Abstract An annual, zonally averaged, steady-state global climate model is developed which represents an extension of the hemispherical model reported by Temkin and Snell (1976). The model employs twelve 15° zones and incorporates the diffuse thin cloud tropospheric structure of Weare and Snell (1974) as a feedback mechanism calculated separately over land and ocean employing the appropriate mean land height temperatures and ocean level temperatures. Radiative calculations are also carried separately over land and ocean. Meridional energy transport is parameterized very similar to that of Temkin and Snell but also includes transport across the equator linearly related to the temperature difference. The response of the model to variations in various climatic determinants is studied, including global variations in carbon dioxide, aerosol and solar constant as well as additions of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere. The model reveals that the Southern Hemisphere is more stable than the Northern Hemisphere...
A PC-based collapse factor analysis for high pressure cryogenic systems

A collapse factor simulation computer program, suitable for use on personal computers, for supercritical cryogen system pressurization is examined. The available literature is previewed, individual component models are developed, and the overall simulation program logic is examined. Extensive use is made of existing thermodynamic and transport property evaluation packages. Heat transfer is estimated using natural convection correlations, and transient wall heat conduction is considered. Examples of the simulation are demonstrated for two facilities. Partial validation is achieved by comparing the simulation output with data from an existing test facility. Preliminary results indicate that the collapse factors will seldom exceed 1.15 during supercritical operation of high-pressure cryogenic systems. Recommendations for improvements in the component models and the simulation are made.
Preferential binding of androgen to transcriptionally active chromatin in rat prostate

Abstract Rat ventral prostate chromatin was fractionated by the Micrococcal nuclease procedure of Berkowitz and Riggs ( Biochemistry 20 , 7284–7290, 1981). Four chromatin fractions were obtained and analyzed by gel electrophoresis for their protein and DNA components, by hybridization of their DNAs with an androgen regulated cDNA for transcribed DNA sequence, and by [ 3 H]dihydrotestosterone exchange assay and steroid competition experiment for specific androgen binding. All four chromatin fractions contained a complete complement of histones and DNA in multiples of about 200 base pairs, indicating repeating nucleosome structure. The active chromatin fraction, which has the shortest nucleosome repeats of 186 basepairs, was enriched in the androgen regulated sequence and bound androgen. These results correlate androgen binding sites with transcribed DNA sequence and structurally distinctive domain of chromatin in the rat prostate.
Regional compensation of subducted lithosphere: effects on geoid, gravity and topography from a preliminary model

Abstract It is proposed that the anomalous mass of subducted lithospheric slabs is partially compensated by two mechanisms: (a) by stresses transmitted up the slab to the surface lithosphere, causing the trench, and (b) by stresses transmitted through the mantle wedge overlying the slab, which cause a broad shallow depression. Results calculated from a preliminary two-dimensional model show that it can give a first-order account of observed topography, gravity and geoid anomalies. In particular, the model can reconcile the large mass anomaly predicted for the slab by thermal conduction theory with the smaller than expected gravity and geoid anomalies. Preliminary results indicate substantial compensation by mechanism (a), implying rather large stresses at the top of the slab: these could be important for theories of earthquake mechanisms and plate driving mechanisms. Roughly 50% of the possible compensation by mechanism (b) is indicated: the resulting depression, the order of 500 m deep and over 500 km wide, could explain anomalously deep marginal basins and some marine transgressions of continents.
Primary Care and Health Outcomes among Older Patients with Diabetes

Objective The aim of this study was to measure the relationship between days spent waiting for primary care and health outcomes among patients diagnosed with diabetes, especially among the elderly population. Data Source Secondary data from VA administrative databases and Medicare claims. Study Design This is a retrospective observational study. Outcome variables include primary care utilization, mortality, heart attack, stroke, and ambulatory-care sensitive condition (ACSC) hospitalization. The main explanatory variable of interest is VA primary care wait time. Negative binomial models predict utilization and stacked logistic regression models predict the probability of experiencing each health outcome. Models are stratified by the presence of a selected health condition and age. Principal Findings Longer wait times were predicted to decrease utilization between 2 and 4 percent. There was no significant relationship between wait times and health outcomes for the overall sample. In stratified analyses, longer waits were associated with undesirable outcomes for those over age 70 with one of the selected health conditions or in certain narrower 5-year age groups, but the overall pattern of results does not indicate a systematic and significant effect. Conclusions There was a modest effect of long wait times on primary care utilization but no robust effect of longer wait times on health outcomes. Waiting for care did not significantly compromise long-term health outcomes for veterans with diabetes.
Customers' motivations for maintaining relationships with service providers

Abstract Understanding why customers are receptive to relationships with service providers is a key issue in relationship marketing. This paper suggests that four broad drivers—environmental variables, partner variables, customer variables and interaction variables—affect customers' receptivity to relationship maintenance. Customers may maintain relationships either because of constraints (they “ have to” stay in the relationship) or because of dedication (they “want to” stay in the relationship). The potentially differential effects of these dual motivations on customers' subsequent relationship attitudes and behaviors are examined. A model of relationship maintenance is developed and propositions are presented regarding the antecedents and consequences of customers' relationship maintenance. Theoretical and practical implications of the paper are discussed.
Affine double- and triple-product wavelet integrals for rendering

Many problems in computer graphics involve integrations of products of functions. Double- and triple-product integrals are commonly used in applications such as all-frequency relighting or importance sampling, but are limited to distant illumination. In contrast, near-field lighting from planar area lights involves an affine transform of the source radiance at different points in space. Our main contribution is a novel affine double- and triple-product integral theory; this generalization enables one of the product functions to be scaled and translated. We study the computational complexity in a number of bases, with particular attention to the common Haar wavelets. We show that while simple analytic formulae are not easily available, there is considerable sparsity that can be exploited computationally. We demonstrate a practical application to compute near-field lighting from planar area sources, that can be easily combined with most relighting algorithms. We also demonstrate initial results for wavelet importance sampling with near-field area lights, and image processing directly in the wavelet domain.
Case Study: A Midclerkship Crisis—Lessons Learned From Advising a Medical Student With Career Indecision

Advising medical students is a challenging task. Faculty who serve as advisors for students require specific skills and knowledge to do their jobs effectively. Career choice is one of the many complex issues about which medical students often seek assistance from a faculty advisor. The authors present a case of a third-year medical student with career indecision, with a focus on the various factors that may be influencing her thinking about career choice. Key advising principles are provided as a framework for the discussion of the case and include reflection, selfdisclosure, active listening, support and advocacy, confidentiality, and problem solving. These principles were developed as part of the Advising Case Conference series of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Colleges Advisory Program. Emergent themes from the case included a student’s evolving professional identity, a student’s distress and burnout, lifestyle considerations, and advisor bias and self-awareness. The authors propose reflective questions to enhance meaningful discussions between the advisor and student and assist in problem solving. Many of these questions, together with the key advising principles, are generalizable to a variety of advising scenarios between advisors and learners at all levels of training.
Method and theory in the study of avoidance.

Two-factor theories of avoidance were conceived to explain responding in avoidance procedures that closely resemble the Pavlovian paradigm in superficial features, although differing in the fundamental contingency of reinforcement. Both typically involve an arbitrary conditioned stimulus and a trial-by-trial sequence of pairings between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. According to two-factor theory, the instrumental reinforcement of avoidance is based on the Pavlovian reinforcement of a drive state in the presence of the conditioned stimulus. It has been shown, however, that the presence of the conditioned stimulus is not necessary for the occurrence of avoidance responding. A procedure in which the sole effect of the avoidance response was a reduction in the average frequency of occurrence of an aversive electric shock proved to be fully adequate to maintain lever pressing in rats, thereby suggesting that not all avoidance requires two factors. Further experiments with various new procedures suggested that the conditioned stimulus may function as a discriminative stimulus for the avoidance response, rather than as a stimulus whose removal is inherently reinforcing, as two-factor theory requires. The conditioned reflex was to I. P. Pavlov (1928, pp. 59-60) the final answer to the problem of biological adaptation. As a mechanist, Pavlov sought a naturalistic explanation for everything an animal did, which had come to mean an explanation in terms of physical processes that could be isolated by the vivisectionist techniques of nineteenth-century physiology. But the behavior of many animals, for example, the dog, precluded any such simple machinery. Dogs clearly differed in what they did and seemed to know even though they might share virtually identical inheritances. The psyche of 1 Preparation of this paper, as well as the conduct of the previously unpublished experiments described herein, was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to Harvard University. The author wishes to express thanks to P. N. Hineline for his generosity in allowing use of some of his as yet unpublished data and for help in formulating some of the notions here advanced. An early and much reduced version of this paper was presented at the 1966 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D. C., as part of a symposium on Aversive Control. The author owes thanks to J. V. Brady for having organized the symposium and for inviting him to participate in it. To another of the participants, D. Anger, special thanks are owed for his vigorous and insightful criticisms of many of the author's theoretical ideas. the dog was, in other words, a sizable obstacle to the progress of a science of adapta
How will they learn

E very day, she woke up with a sense of dread. Driving to the hospital, she would feel queasy as she began to think about the hours ahead. Would she be able to complete everything that needed to be done during her long shift? Would she have the knowledge and judgment she needed? Her mind would race through several potential disaster scenarios; she wondered if today would be the day that she might harm a patient, perhaps fatally. Terror was never far away. The drive home was not any better. It usually involved a review of the mistakes caught just in time—the near misses. She reviewed diagnoses that she had felt uncertain about, medications she had looked up but already forgotten, and technology that had baffled her. She reviewed conversations, some with colleagues and some with family members, and wished she had said something different, or just had more time to listen and to consider what she was saying. It was an excruciating time in her new career as a nurse. This is how a new graduate described her first 6 months of working as a nurse to us. She is an extremely talented woman who had worked as a microbiologist in a research laboratory for 10 years before choosing nursing as a career. She graduated from an accelerated nursing program designed for men and women who already had earned a college degree. The program was excellent, but she still felt incredibly poorly prepared for the clinical responsibilities that she assumed as a staff nurse in a large academic medical center. Even though she was not yet caring for patients in the intensive care unit, her ultimate career goal, patients on the general medicalsurgical service where she worked were extremely ill and required close monitoring.
React-Wind-Sinter Processing of High Superconductor Fraction Bi $_2$ Sr $_2$ CaCu $_{2}$ O $_{\rm x}$ /AgMg Round Wire

Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi2212) conductor technology has advanced significantly but the development of magnets is still hampered by difficulties associated with the partial-melt process (for wind&react magnets) and strain limitations (for react& wind magnets). To avoid these problems, the React-Wind-Sinter (RWS) approach has been proposed. Here we report on experiments that investigate three split processes that are based on the conventional partial-melt process within the RWS concept. The partial-melt process was interrupted at T1, T1 - 10degC and TS. After cooling to room temperature, the conductor is bent to a series of diameters (40 mm-100 mm), replicating magnet construction. The heat treatment process is then resumed on the bent samples from the split point and the heat treatment completed. The critical current is measured at 4.2 K in self-field using the four-probe method and the microstructure and phase composition of the Bi2212/AgMg wire are examined with scanning electron microscopy. For the split processes, the critical current after full heat treatment is as high as those from conventionally processed short samples, and in at least one case it is increased by 40% relative to conventional processing. These results show that a split process is a promising approach to improved Bi2212 conductors and magnets, and more broadly shows that conventional Bi2212 partial-melt processing is far from optimized.
Precision dynamic SAR testbed for tactical missiles

The United States Army is currently investigating the feasibility/utility of a high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode for the detection and subsequent engagement of targets by tactical missiles. A precision dynamic SAR testbed has been designed, constructed and installed by the United States Army Aviation and Missile Command's (AMCOM) Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The purpose of the testbed is to allow the development and evaluation of image formation algorithms, motion compensation techniques, and autofocus algorithms in a controlled and repeatable environment.
Constructing cultural relevance in science: A case study of two elementary teachers

Classrooms across the United States increasingly find White teachers paired with ethnic minority students, but few of these teachers are prepared for the disparities such cultural integration presents. This is particularly true vis-a-vis science education. While classrooms have diversified, science instruction has not necessarily followed suit. Two theories, constructivism and culturally relevant pedagogy, have been identified as mechanisms to diminish the disparities in science education. Yet culturally relevant pedagogy has not had the same impact as constructivism, even though it has been posited as a crucial means to better assure ethnic minority access to education. A case study of two classroom teachers investigates whether and how constructivism can be leveraged to develop culturally relevant pedagogy in science instruction. Identifying practical possibilities for culturally relevant pedagogy in science education is important for students, teachers, and the future of the U.S. workforce because it provides a means of increasing marginalized students' access to science and technological fields. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed92:994–1014, 2008
Integrating Pricing And Distribution Decisions In Multiple Markets

This paper deals with the simultaneous optimization of prices and shipment quantities in a supply network when the supplier has the market power to set prices, thereby influencing demand directly. We focus on the distribution stage of the supply chain where the firm’s products are shipped from several locations (plants, warehouses) to various independent markets, and address the following questions: (i) what is the best price at each market?, and (ii) what is the best distribution plan given these prices? The combined problem can be modeled as a nonlinear optimization problem. For its solution, we propose an iterative linear programming approach that utilizes shadow price information from a series of successive transportation problems. To evaluate the heuristic’s effectiveness, we compare it with a “brute-force” enumeration using a grid-search. The grid-search is implemented on a spreadsheet with a programming loop to facilitate repeated invocation of the transportation problem solver routine.
The Evolving Relationship Between Open Space Preservation and Local Planning Practice

This work argues that open space has been utilized by local planning practice for numerous reasons that have reflected the shifting concerns of the planning profession since the nineteenth century. An intellectual movement that romanticized nature as distinct from social processes and a changing political economy made it possible for open space to serve an interventionist role in addressing social concerns. Consequently, open space has been used to address urban concerns of health and sanitation, suburban concerns of exclusionary zoning, and more recently, to protect ecological functions and guide urban development. This has prevented a more thorough examination of the relationship between nature and society.
A phenomenological review of biofilter models

Many mathematical models have been created in an effort to improve our understanding of biofilters, to guide experimentation, and to improve design of biological treatment systems. The approaches used to model gas flow, phase transfer, diffusion within the biofilm, and biological growth have become relatively standard. Further progress on these phenomena will come primarily from improved determinations of important model parameters under various conditions. There is less unanimity and less certainty in the approaches that have been taken to account for biofilm growth, the complex conformation of the biofilm takes within the porous packing, and the details of the processes by which biofilters become clogged. Biofilter and biotrickling filter models have been useful for research purposes, but have not yet progressed to the point of being reliable and generally accepted tools for design.
First record of the non-native three spot gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas 1770) (Teleostei: Osphronemidae) in Jamaica

Five specimens of the non-native three spot gourami (Osphronemidae: Trichogaster trichopterus) were collected from a small pond near the northern coast of Jamaica in June 2009. The collection represents the first documentation of this species in Jamaica. Origin of the introduction is not known. Herein, we discuss the occurrence of this species in Jamaica and possible threats posed to the island's native fish fauna.
The Socialization of Physicians during Attending Rounds: A Study of Team Learning among Medical Students

A participant observation study of teaching during attending rounds, informed by other medical education and medical sociology studies, explored the teamwork patterns learned by medical students and physicians in teaching hospitals. Within clinical medical education, there exists a distinctive authority structure that nurtures competition and collaboration among learners while ensuring reasonable patient care. Following residency training, this structure fades, and there is necessarily greater reliance on the nurses and allied health professionals from whom physicians were relatively isolated during their medical education. Therefore, interdisciplinary clinical education, involving physicians-in-training working collaboratively with other health professionals, seems warranted as preparation for medical practice.
Induction of infection in Sesbania exaltata by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene formulated in an invert emulsion

In greenhouse experiments, an invert emulsion (MSG 8.25) was tested with spores of the mycoherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene, a highly virulent pathogen of the leguminous weed Aeschynomene virginica (northern jointvetch), but considered “immune” against another leguminous weed, Sesbaniaexaltata (hemp sesbania). A 1:1 (v/v) fungus/invert emulsion mixture resulted in 100% infection and mortality of inoculated hemp sesbania seedlings over a 21 day period. Microscopic examinations revealed that the fungus proliferated within the cells of hemp sesbania and produced anthracnose lesions containing acervuli on infected stems. The fungus was reisolated and found to infect and kill northern jointvetch seedlings, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates for disease identification. These results suggest that this invert emulsion expands the host range of C. gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene, and possibly improves the bioherbicidal potential of this pathogen.
C-Glycosylxanthones in the fern genera Davallia, Humata and Nephrolepis

Abstract C -Glycosylxanthones have been detected in several species of Davallia, Humata and Nephrolepis , while other species lack these compounds. This increases the number of fern taxa known to contain C -glycosylxanthones from 20 to 33 and the number of xanthone-containing genera from 9 to 11. The taxonomic value of these compounds is still uncertain.
G Protein–Coupled Receptors as Potential Drug Targets for Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Vascular Diseases

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are widely expressed cell surface receptors that have been successfully exploited for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. Recent studies in genetically engineered mouse models have led to the identification of several GPCRs important for lymphatic vascular development and function. The adrenomedullin receptor, which consists of an oligomer between calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity modifying protein 2, is required for normal lymphatic vascular development and regulates lymphatic capillary permeability in mice. Numerous studies also suggest that lysophospholipid receptors are involved in the development of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic endothelial cell permeability. Given our current lack of pharmacological targets for the treatment of lymphatic vascular diseases like lymphedema, the continued identification and study of GPCRs in lymphatic endothelial cells may eventually lead to major breakthroughs and new pharmacological strategies for the treatment of lymphedema.
Structural and functional bases of inhibited temperament

Children born with an inhibited temperament are at heightened risk for developing anxiety, depression and substance use. Inhibited temperament is believed to have a biological basis; however, little is known about the structural brain basis of this vulnerability trait. Structural MRI scans were obtained from 84 (44 inhibited, 40 uninhibited) young adults. Given previous findings of amygdala hyperactivity in inhibited individuals, groups were compared on three measures of amygdala structure. To identify novel substrates of inhibited temperament, a whole brain analysis was performed. Functional activation and connectivity were examined across both groups. Inhibited adults had larger amygdala and caudate volume and larger volume predicted greater activation to neutral faces. In addition, larger amygdala volume predicted greater connectivity with subcortical and higher order visual structures. Larger caudate volume predicted greater connectivity with the basal ganglia, and less connectivity with primary visual and auditory cortex. We propose that larger volume in these salience detection regions may result in increased activation and enhanced connectivity in response to social stimuli. Given the strong link between inhibited temperament and risk for psychiatric illness, novel therapeutics that target these brain regions and related neural circuits have the potential to reduce rates of illness in vulnerable individuals.
Dorsal fin function in spiny dogfish during steady swimming

Dorsal fins of actinopterygian fishes are known to function to varying degrees as stabilizers and as propulsive elements that augment thrust from the caudal fin. However, little is known about the ability of elasmobranchs to control three-dimensional conformation of the dorsal fins during swimming, which may alter the force balance during locomotion. In this study, dorsal fin function was investigated in spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, swimming steadily at 0.5 and 0.75 BL s−1, using three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography. Points on the dorsal and caudal fins were tracked in dorsal and lateral views with dual high-speed video at 125 f s−1. Electrodes were implanted in three points along each dorsal fin muscle and in the adjacent red epaxial muscle. Conformational changes were detected in both dorsal fins at both speeds. Speed was found to influence lateral displacement of the first dorsal fin relative to trunk undulation, with larger magnitudes at 0.5 BL s−1. The first dorsal fin oscillates at a different phase lag than predicted by position on the body, while the second dorsal fin moves in synchrony with the axial musculature. Muscles of the first dorsal fin show synchronous bilateral activation, while there is no clear pattern in the second dorsal fin. This study provides evidence that spiny dogfish control movements of the first dorsal fin during steady swimming to stabilize body position. In contrast, the second dorsal fin appears to be capable of thrust generation. Thus, there is a dual dorsal fin function in spiny dogfish during steady swimming.
Treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: reinforcing the role of the interventional oncologist.

This article written by Mikami et al is timely and extremely relevant to practicing interventional oncologists (1). Large series exist documenting the long-term efficacy of thermal ablation for treating small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). However, in the presence of cirrhosis-driven field carcinogenesis, the development of new primary tumors is a concern. In another long-term follow-up study, Lencioni et al demonstrated control of 90% of ablated tumors, but separate tumors developed in 49% of patients over 3 years (2). The current work focuses on the latter patient subgroup. The authors identified new HCC in 25% of previously treated patients during the 2-year study period. Repeat ablation was feasible in 104 of 113 (92%) of the patients, with a median survival of 4.96 years from the second procedure. These outcomes provide a powerful example of the kind of durable outcomes possible using locoregional therapies in patients with HCC and reinforce the role of interventional oncologists as long-term care givers in this population. Mikami et al’s work also underscores the key role of imaging in these patients, with potential implications for all interventional radiologists regarding clinical trial structure and resource use. Overall survival is an appropriate gold standard measure for oncologic trials. However, given the length of time
CANCELLATION IN PRIMELY GENERATED REFINEMENT MONOIDS

We prove that any primely generated refinement monoid M has separative cancellation, and even strong separative cancellation provided M has no nonzero idempotents. A form of multiplicative cancellation also holds: \( na\leq nb \) implies \( a\leq b \) for \( a,b \in M \) and \( n \in \{1,2,3,\ldots\} \). In addition, M is a semilattice in the sense that, given \( c_1,c_2 \in M \), there is an element \( d \in M \) such that \( c_1,c_2 \leq d \) and, for all \( a \in M, c_1,c_2 \leq a \) implies \( d \leq a \). Finally, we prove that any finitely generated refinement monoid is primely generated; in fact, this holds for any refinement monoid with a set of generators satisfying the descending chain condition.
The effects of self-generated synchronous and asynchronous visual speech feedback on overt stuttering frequency

Abstract Purpose Relatively recent research documents that visual choral speech, which represents an externally generated form of synchronous visual speech feedback, significantly enhanced fluency in those who stutter. As a consequence, it was hypothesized that self-generated synchronous and asynchronous visual speech feedback would likewise enhance fluency. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-generated visual feedback (i.e., synchronous speech feedback with a mirror and asynchronous speech feedback via delayed visual feedback) on overt stuttering frequency in those who stutter. Method Eight people who stutter (4 males, 4 females), ranging from 18 to 42 years of age participated in this study. Due to the nature of visual speech feedback, the speaking task required that participants recite memorized phrases in control and experimental speaking conditions so that visual attention could be focused on the speech feedback, rather than a written passage. During experimental conditions, participants recited memorized phrases while simultaneously focusing on the movement of their lips, mouth, and jaw within their own synchronous (i.e., mirror) and asynchronous (i.e., delayed video signal) visual speech feedback. Results Results indicated that the self-generated visual feedback speaking conditions significantly decreased stuttering frequency (Greenhouse–Geisser p = .000); post hoc orthogonal comparisons revealed no significant differences in stuttering frequency reduction between the synchronous and asynchronous visual feedback speaking conditions ( p = .2554). Conclusions These data suggest that synchronous and asynchronous self-generated visual speech feedback is associated with significant reductions in overt stuttering frequency. Study results were discussed relative to existing theoretical models of fluency-enhancement via speech feedback, such as the engagement of mirror neuron networks, the EXPLAN model, and the Dual Premotor System Hypothesis. Further research in the area of self-generated visual speech feedback, as well as theoretical constructs accounting for how exposure to a multi-sensory speech feedback enhances fluency, is warranted. Learning outcomes : Readers will be able to (1) discuss the multi-sensory nature of fluency-enhancing speech feedback, (2) compare and contrast synchronous and asynchronous self-generated and externally generated visual speech feedback, and (3) compare and contrast self-generated and externally generated visual speech feedback.
Efficient camera-space manipulation using moments

The paper introduces a new estimation approach to the method of camera-space manipulation-a robust and precise means of controlling 3-dimensional robot maneuvers using vision. This approach reduces the computational and memory burden required by the formerly used "batch" estimation approach while retaining identical results. The discussion includes actual experimental results wherein reliable, millimeter positioning precision with a 3-dimensional, rigid-body task is achieved using a very large GMF S400 robot.
Testing a mixed signal board using cost effective VXI bus test technologies-A case study

A VXIbus system consisting of digital functional test modules and a high-speed oscilloscope was evaluated as a primary test platform. Bus emulation was used to apply test vectors over the high-speed bus to the graphics card under test. Test vectors were generated using the design simulation and prototype hardware. The process of developing the tests is reviewed, and the pros and cons of this methodology versus the hot mock up technique previously used are discussed. >
Phosphorus Management to Protect Lake Water Quality

: The Hallett Quarry gravel pit lakes are an active sand and gravel extraction operation located 0.4 km north of the City of Ames, Iowa. During periods of drought, these lakes serve as a supplemental water supply for Ames. A modified version of the Vollenweider input-output model was used to predict future water quality under various watershed land use, drainage, and lake configurations. The dominant factor controlling the future water quality of the lakes was found to be the nutrient input. It is recommended that a management plan to protect the future water quality should be oriented towards reducing the sources of phosphorus to the lakes.
Experience with a modified fine-needle aspiration biopsy technique in 533 breast cases.

Aspiration cytology depends on skillful preparation of smears, which normally requires a trained cytotechnologist. Collection of aspirates into Saccomanno fixative permits preparation of high-quality smears by trained technologists no matter who does the aspiration. Aspiration by a surgeon was used with palpation and mammography to examine 533 patients in an office-based regional breast health program. Lesions sampled ranged from diffuse thickening to frank tumors. Lesions suspicious to any one of the three examinations were biopsed. Cytologically diagnosable material was obtained in 349 instances: 120 were malignant, 22 suspicious, 12 atypical, and 195 benign. Of the 184 yielding insufficient cells, 116 were benign on palpation and mammography, and 68 were suspicious. Biopsy proved 57 of these benign and 11 malignant. There were no cytologic false positives in the study. There was a 2% false-negative rate on productive aspirates. Nonproductive aspiration occurred in 4.8% of malignant cases. Diagn Cytopathol 1986;2:91-98.
Voxels on Fire

We introduce a method for the animation of fire propagation and the burning consumption of objects represented as volumetric data sets. Our method uses a volumetric fire propagation model based on an enhanced distance field. It can simulate the spreading of multiple fire fronts over a specified isosurface without actually having to create that isosurface. The distance field is generated from a specific shell volume that rapidly creates narrow spatial bands around the virtual surface of any given isovalue. The complete distance field is then obtained by propagation from the initial bands. At each step multiple fire fronts can evolve simultaneously on the volumetric object. The flames of the fire are constructed from streams of particles whose movement is regulated by a velocity field generated with the hardware-accelerated Lattice Boltzmann Model (LBM). The LBM provides a physically-based simulation of the air flow around the burning object. The object voxels and the splats associated with the flame particles are rendered in the same pipeline so that the volume data with its external and internal structures can be displayed along with the fire.
A review of laminoforaminotomy for the management of lateral and foraminal cervical disc herniations or spurs.

Abstract BACKGROUND Anterior versus posterior surgical management of lateral and foraminal cervical disc disease remains controversial. The key hole foraminotomy or laminoforaminotomy allows dorsal resection without the instability encountered with anterior cervical approaches, with more limited morbidity. Unilateral radiculopathy can be addressed with the laminoforaminotomy, while bilateral or multifocal radiculopathy with myelopathy may additionally require a laminectomy or laminoplasty. METHODS Selection of patients for laminoforaminotomy should be based upon correlation of clinical findings and neurodiagnostic (MR, CT) studies to ensure that the dorsal approaches will sufficiently address the pathology. RESULTS The technical completion of a laminoforaminotomy is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Performing adequate preoperative MR and CT examinations allows for the selection of patients who will benefit from the “key hole” or “laminoforaminotomy” approaches to lateral and foraminal disc disease and/or spur formation.