cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventive care and medical homes among US children with heart conditions.

Within a medical home, primary care providers can identify needs, provide services, and coordinate care for children with heart conditions. Using parent-reported data from the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children’s Health, we examined receipt of preventive care in the last 12 months and having a medical home (care that is accessible, continuous, comprehensive, family-centred, coordinated, compassionate, and culturally effective) among US children aged 0–17 years with and without heart conditions. Using the marginal predictions approach to multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations between presence of a heart condition and receipt of preventive care and having a medical home. Among children with heart conditions, we evaluated associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and receipt of preventive care and having a medical home. Of the 66,971 children included, 2.2% had heart conditions. Receipt of preventive care was reported for more children with heart conditions (91.0%) than without (82.7%) (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.13). Less than half of children with heart conditions (48.2%) and without (49.5%) had a medical home (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.14). For children with heart conditions, preventive care was slightly more common among younger children and less common among those with family incomes 200–399% of the federal poverty level. Having a medical home was less common among younger children, non-Hispanic “other” race, and those with ≥2 other health conditions. Most children with heart conditions received preventive care, but less than half had a medical home, with disparities by age, socioeconomic status, race, and concurrent health conditions. These findings highlight opportunities to improve care for children with heart conditions.
Cooperative Study Combining X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis and FMO Calculation: Interaction Analysis of FABP4 Inhibitors

X-ray crystal structural determination of FABP4 in complex with four inhibitors revealed the binding modes of the complexes, and the interactions between FABP4 and the inhibitors were analyzed. The detailed structure–activity relationship (SAR) could not be explained in terms of these crystal structural observations. Therefore, the interactions between FABP4 and the inhibitors were analyzed in more detail using fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. This analysis revealed that the total interfragment interaction energies between FABP4 and each inhibitor correlated with the ranking of the Ki value for the four inhibitors. Furthermore, the interactions between each inhibitor and specific amino acid residues in FABP4 were identified. The oxygen atom of Lys58 in FABP4 was found to be very important for strong inhibitor–protein interactions. These results might provide useful information for the development of novel potent FABP4 inhibitors.
Technical Report: Insider-Resistant Context-Based Pairing for Multimodality Sleep Apnea Test.

The increasingly sophisticated at-home screening systems for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), integrated with both contactless and contact-based sensing modalities, bring convenience and reliability to remote chronic disease management. However, the device pairing processes between system components are vulnerable to wireless exploitation from a non-compliant user wishing to manipulate the test results. This work presents SIENNA, an insider-resistant context-based pairing protocol. SIENNA leverages JADE-ICA to uniquely identify a user's respiration pattern within a multi-person environment and fuzzy commitment for automatic device pairing, while using friendly jamming technique to prevents an insider with knowledge of respiration patterns from acquiring the pairing key. Our analysis and test results show that SIENNA can achieve reliable (> 90% success rate) device pairing under a noisy environment and is robust against the attacker with full knowledge of the context information.
Chemoimmunotherapy for the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in patients with an Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of two or greater.

8569Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (atezolizumab or durvalumab) combined with platinum-etoposide is the standard first-line therapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer...
Game Strategic Behavior Under Conditions of Risk and Uncertainty

This paper analyzes game strategic behavior under conditions of risk and uncertainty when interest groups are participants in the decision making process (specifically in the context of impact assessment). The incentives that contribute to game strategic behavior are analyzed. It is argued that the inherent uncertainties in forecasting are critical in allowing strategic behavior to develop. Strategic manipulation of information is manifest in the form of (1) information overload and (2) support for extreme scenarios. These forms of “rent seeking” by interest groups produce serious transaction costs (costs attributable to decision making per se) and threaten to stymie decision making. Innovations in the treatment of risk and uncertainty are necessary to facilitate decision making.
The Extended ZJ-Theorem

Publisher Summary The extended form of Glauberman's ZJ-theorem is an important tool in classification problems of simple groups in terms of the structure of their Sylow 2-subgroups. However, it is not possible to deduce this result from the definition of p-stability with respect to a p-group. The problem is that the required argument involves an implicit use of the Frattini argument that cannot be justified in terms of the definition of relative p-stability. Therefore, this chapter presents a modified definition of p-stability with respect to a p-group that is strong enough to allow the inference of the extended ZJ-theorem. The modification consists of incorporating the implicit use of the Frattini argument into the definition. Thus, the new definition involves three conditions, whereas the old one involved only two.
MO-F-CAMPUS-T-03: Data Driven Approaches for Determination of Treatment Table Tolerance Values for Record and Verification Systems

Purpose: To determine appropriate couch tolerance values for modern radiotherapy linac R&V systems with indexed patient setup. Methods: Treatment table tolerance values have been the most difficult to lower, due to many factors including variations in patient positioning and differences in table tops between machines. We recently installed nine linacs with similar tables and started indexing every patient in our clinic. In this study we queried our R&V database and analyzed the deviation of couch position values from the acquired values at verification simulation for all patients treated with indexed positioning. Mean and standard deviations of daily setup deviations were computed in the longitudinal, lateral and vertical direction for 343 patient plans. The mean, median and standard error of the standard deviations across the whole patient population and for some disease sites were computed to determine tolerance values. Results: The plot of our couch deviation values showed a gaussian distribution, with some small deviations, corresponding to setup uncertainties on non-imaging days, and SRS/SRT/SBRT patients, as well as some large deviations which were spot checked and found to be corresponding to indexing errors that were overriden. Setting our tolerance values based on the median + 1 standard error resulted in tolerance values of 1cm lateral and longitudinal, and 0.5 cm vertical for all non- SRS/SRT/SBRT cases. Re-analizing the data, we found that about 92% of the treated fractions would be within these tolerance values (ignoring the mis-indexed patients). We also analyzed data for disease site based subpopulations and found no difference in the tolerance values that needed to be used. Conclusion: With the use of automation, auto-setup and other workflow efficiency tools being introduced into radiotherapy workflow, it is very essential to set table tolerances that allow safe treatments, but flag setup errors that need to be reassessed before treatments.
Ligand Control of Manganese Telluride Molecular Cluster Core Nuclearity

We report the synthesis, structural diversity, and chemical behavior of a family of manganese telluride molecular clusters whose charge-neutral cores are passivated by two-electron donor ligands. We describe three different core structures: a cubane-type Mn4Te4, a prismane Mn6Te6, and a dicubane Mn8Te8. We use various trialkylphosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as surface ligands and demonstrate that the formation of the different cluster core structures is controlled by the choice of ligand: bulky ligands such as PiPr3, PCy3, or iPr2NHC (iPr2NHC = 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) form the cubane-type core, while the smaller PMe3 produces the prismane core. The intermediate-sized PEt3 produces both cubane and prismane species. These manganese telluride molecular clusters are labile, and the capping phosphines can be replaced by stronger ligands, while the internal core structure of the cluster remains intact. The interplay of structural diversity and ligand versatility and labilit...
Donor Hemosiderosis Does Not Affect Liver Function and Regeneration in the Setting of Living Donor Liver Transplantation

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) demands a careful assessment of abnormal findings discovered during the evaluation process to determine if there will be any potential risks to the donor or recipient. Varying degrees of elevated hepatic iron levels are not uncommonly seen in otherwise healthy individuals. We questioned whether mild expression of hemosiderin deposition presents a safety concern when considering outcomes of living donation for both the donor and the recipient. We report on three LDLT patients who were found to have low- to moderate-grade hemosiderin deposition on liver biopsy. All other aspects of their evaluation proved satisfactory, and the decision was made to proceed with donation. There were no significant complications in the donors, and all demonstrated complete normalization of liver function postoperatively, with appropriate parenchymal regeneration. The recipients also had unremarkable postoperative recovery. We conclude that these individuals can be considered as potential donors after careful evaluation.
Analysis of Rab1 Function in Cardiomyocyte Growth

Protein transport between intracellular organelles is coordinated by Rab GTPases. As an initial approach to defining the function of Rab GTPases in cardiomyocytes, our laboratory focused on Rab1, which regulates protein transport specifically from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. Our studies have demonstrated that adenovirus-driven expression of Rab1 promotes cell growth of primary cultures of neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro and that transgenic expression of Rab1 in the myocardium induces cardiac hypertrophy in mouse hearts in vivo. These data provide strong evidence implicating that ER-to-Golgi protein transport functions as a regulatory site for control of cardiomyocyte growth. Here we describe a sets of methods used in our laboratory to characterize the function of Rab1 GTPase in modulating cardiac myocyte growth.
Application of high-resolution, remotely sensed data for transient storage modeling parameter estimation

[1] This paper presents a method that uses high-resolution multispectral and thermal infrared imagery from airborne remote sensing for estimating two model parameters within the two-zone in-stream temperature and solute (TZTS) model. Previous TZTS modeling efforts have provided accurate in-stream temperature predictions; however, model parameter ranges resulting from the multiobjective calibrations were quite large. In addition to the data types previously required to populate and calibrate the TZTS model, high-resolution, remotely sensed thermal infrared (TIR) and near-infrared, red, and green (multispectral) band imagery were collected to help estimate two previously calibrated parameters: (1) average total channel width (BTOT) and (2) the fraction of the channel comprising surface transient storage zones (β). Multispectral imagery in combination with the TIR imagery provided high-resolution estimates ofBTOT. In-stream temperature distributions provided by the TIR imagery enabled the calculation of temperature thresholds at which main channel temperatures could be delineated from surface transient storage, permitting the estimation ofβ. It was found that an increase in the resolution and frequency at which BTOT and β were physically estimated resulted in similar objective functions in the main channel and transient storage zones, but the uncertainty associated with the estimated parameters decreased.
information lost: a descriptive analysis of ifrs firms' 20-f reconciliations

In December 2007 the SEC issued a formal rule release that allows foreign-private issuers that employ the IFRS to file their financial statements without providing a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. While the rule change was made after the SEC received and analyzed comments from various constituents on the proposing release, the rule change has not been without controversy and many have argued that the decision was 'premature', based at least partially on evidence of the usefulness of the reconciliations to investors and others. The purpose of our study is to provide a more complete picture of the information that will be lost to investors due to the rule change. Our analysis focuses on the quantitative values included in the reconciliation, a measure of the information formerly required by the SEC. We identify 100 FPIs that filed 20-Fs during 2006 using IFRS. We collect and classify the line-by-line amounts into 22 categories and, using this classification, examine the frequency, magnitude, and sign of the reconciling items. We also sort the FPIs based on market cap (size) and industry and provide the same statistics within those groups. In our analyses we document that there are a few categories where a large proportion of FPIs have reported reconciling items while there are several categories where reconciling items are relatively infrequent. In addition, we observe that size does seem to matter; the frequency, magnitude, and sign of the reconciling items differ across size groups. We also observe differences across industry groups.
The Art and Science of Diagnosing and Treating Lung and Heart Disease Secondary to Liver Disease

Patients with chronic liver disease are at risk of extrahepatic complications related to cirrhosis and portal hypertension, as well as organ-specific complications of certain liver diseases. These complications can compromise quality of life, while also increasing morbidity and mortality before and after liver transplantation. Patients with chronic liver disease are at risk for pulmonary complications of hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary syndrome; the cardiac complication fall under the general concept of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, which can affect systolic and diastolic function, as well as cardiac conduction. In addition, patients with certain diseases are at risk of lung and/or cardiac complications that are specific to the primary disease (ie, emphysema in α-1-antitrypsin deficiency) or occur with increased incidence in certain conditions (ie, ischemic heart disease associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis). This article focuses on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, treatment options, and role of transplantation for lung and heart diseases secondary to liver disease, while also highlighting select liver diseases that directly affect the lungs and heart.
Two Logics of Labor Organizing in the Global Apparel Industry

What factors account for labor strategies in global industries? While some scholars point to economic factors and others look to political opportunity structures, an examination of union actions in the Central American apparel export industry over a 14-year period suggests that activists’ historical experiences and ideological orientations also strongly influence union dynamics. Left-oriented unions tend to form unions through transnational activism whereas conservative unions most often turn to plant-level cross-class collaboration. Moreover, these two union strategies are interconnected. Successful transnational activism facilitates conservative union formation through a “radical flank” mechanism; the threat of left-union organizing motivates employers to accept unionization by conservative unions to block left unions from gaining influence in the plant. To examine these arguments, this article employs pooled time-series statistical analysis, structured interviews with labor organizers, and process tracing that draws on nine months of field research in Honduras and El Salvador.
Length of Phenolic Strings in Dissolution Inhibition Resists

We have determined the inhibition strength of a group of difunctional naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid esters. In these structures the sulfonic acid groups were placed at increasing distances from each other by using aromatic dihydroxy compounds as spacers. At short distances the inhibition factors of the difunctional compounds are much smaller than the sum of the inhibition factors of the monofunctional sulfonic acid groups, and we interpret this as the result of interference between the phenolic strings emanating from the S=O dipoles of the sulfonic acid moieties. By systematically increasing the distance between the sulfonic acid groups, we were able to determine the critical distance at which their strings no longer influence each other. We believe that in this way we have found the radius of gyration and hence the length of the undisturbed strings.
Long-term complications of artificial airways

In summary, long-term complications of artificial airways are rare but important sequelae of artificial airways. Many of the potential long-term complications of translaryngeal intubation and tracheotomy are similar and overlapping. Although most patients who undergo these procedures tend to tolerate them without difficulties, significant morbidity and mortality may occur. Identifying the exact cause of the complication may not be possible at times, due to the multiple risk factors involved in the pathogenesis. It is hoped that understanding these potential complications will lead to a more vigilant preventive measures during the institution of long-term artificial airways and a judicious early search for the underlying pathology when a complication is suspected.
Microtubules in the ventricular specialized conducting fibers of the dog heart

Abstract The electron microscopic study included free running strands of the left anterior and posterior fascicles and right moderator band collected from the hearts of eight dogs. All samples showed the presence of microtubules with the particular abundance in the perinuclear region. The assembly of microtubules surrounding the nucleus approached the nuclear surface at a narrow angle. Microtubules although less numerous were found in all cytoplasmic areas of the cell. They often ran parallel to the myofibrils. A less regular arrangement occurred in large cytoplasmic spaces lacking myofibrils. Microtubules were also found within the myofibril running along the myofilaments. At the cell periphery the contact between microtubules and the sarcolemma was observed. A particular abundance of microtubules in the perinuclear region is compared to the similar observations in other cell types and to recent biochemical finding of the high activity of adenylate cyclase in the nuclear fraction of the heart.
Dual contrast perfusion MRI in a single imaging session for assessment of pediatric brain tumors

Ferumoxytol, an iron nanoparticle used as an intravascular contrast agent for perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has never been explored in the pediatric population. The purpose of this prospective study is to characterize the vascular and permeability properties of pediatric brain tumors using two contrast agents during a single imaging session: ferumoxytol for dynamic susceptibility weighted contrast (DSC) MRI and gadoteridol for dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. In a single imaging session, patients received intravenous ferumoxytol for DSC MRI followed by gadoteridol for DCE MRI. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), transfer coefficient (Ktrans), and extravascular extracellular space volume fraction (ve) of the brain lesions were calculated. Patients underwent serial imaging sessions over the course of 2 years. Of the 7 patients enrolled thus far, none has experienced an adverse event. Two patients with medulloblastoma were enrolled preoperatively. In the first, rCBVmax, rCBF, Ktrans max, and ve max values were 3.74, 3.12, 0.47 min -1, and 0.08, respectively, while in the second patient, rCBVmax, rCBF, Ktrans max, and ve max values were 4.72, 3.47, 0.60 min−1, and 0.05, respectively. Four patients were enrolled after new gadolinium enhancement was noted in the tumor resection cavity. In 80 % of these lesions, rCBV was <1 suggestive of pseudoprogression secondary to radiochemotherapy. These preliminary results demonstrate that use of ferumoxytol and gadoteridol contrast agents during a single imaging session is feasible, safe, and appears useful for assessing tumor perfusion and permeability characteristics in children.
Effect of Adding Cod Liver Oil to the Rations of Dairy Calves

Summary Comparisons were made using a total of 72 calves, including 19 Guernseys, 28 Holsteins and 25 Jerseys, to determine the effect, if any, of adding cod liver oil, as a vitamin A supplement to the rations commonly fed to calves during the period to six months of age. Alternate animals were fed 25–35 cc. cod liver oil daily beginning when the calf was only a few days old, in all other respects the plan of feeding was alike for both groups. Somewhat less digestive troubles occurred in the calves fed cod liver oil than among those in the non-supplemented groups. No significant difference was noted in any breed in rate of gain in height at withers between the calves fed cod liver oil and those in the check group. Adding cod liver oil to the ration had no evident effect on the rate of gain in weight of Holstein calves. The Guernsey and the Jersey calves fed cod liver oil, on the other hand, gained an average of 22.5 pounds and 17.5 pounds more per calf respectively during the 180-day period than those fed similar but non-supplemented rations.
Δpkc mediates microcerebrovascular dysfunction in acute ischemia and in chronic hypertensive stress in vivo

Maintaining cerebrovascular function is a priority for reducing damage following acute ischemic events such as stroke, and under chronic stress in diseases such as hypertension. Ischemic episodes lead to endothelial cell damage, deleterious inflammatory responses, and altered neuronal and astrocyte regulation of vascular function. These, in turn, can lead to impaired cerebral blood flow and compromised blood-brain barrier function, promoting microvascular collapse, edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and worsened neurological recovery. Multiple studies demonstrate that protein kinase C (PKC), a widely expressed serine/threonine kinase, is involved in mediating arterial tone and microvascular function. However, there is no clear understanding about the role of individual PKC isozymes. We show that intraperitoneal injection of deltaV1-1-TAT(47-57) (0.2 mg/kg in 1 mL), an isozyme-specific peptide inhibitor of deltaPKC, improved microvascular pathology, increased the number of patent microvessels by 92% compared to control-treated animals, and increased cerebral blood flow by 26% following acute focal ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in normotensive rats. In addition, acute delivery of deltaV1-1-TAT(47-57) in hypertensive Dahl rats increased cerebral blood flow by 12%, and sustained delivery deltaV1-1-TAT(47-57) (5 uL/h, 1 mM), reduced infarct size by 25% following an acute stroke induced by MCA occlusion for 90 min. Together, these findings demonstrate that deltaPKC is an important therapeutic target for protection of microvascular structure and function under both acute and chronic conditions of cerebrovascular stress.
Photolysis of methane: Quantum yield of C(1D) and CH

Abstract It is demonstrated that C(1D) and CH(2π) species are formed in the photodissociation of CH4 at λ = 123.6 nm [Φ(C) = 0.4 ± 0.1 × 10−3, Φ(CH) = 5.9 ± 0.5 × 10−2] and at λ = 104.8–106.7 nm [Φ(C) = 6.5 ± 0.5 × 10−3, Φ(CH) = 0.23 ± 0.03]. There is no evidence for C or CH production at wavelengths where the photoionization quantum yield is equal to unity.
Synthetic, Structural, and Kinetic Studies of [CpRu(CO)2(μ2-η1(S):η6-DBT)RuCp*][PF6]2: A Dibenzothiophene Bridge between Two Ruthenium Fragments

The complexes [CpRu(CO)2(μ2-η1(S):η6-DBT)RuCp‘]2+ (Cp‘ = η5-C5H5 (3), η5-C5Me5 (4)) were synthesized and shown by X-ray crystallography to contain a bridging dibenzothiophene ligand that is coordinated to {CpRu(CO)2}+ through the sulfur atom and to {Cp‘Ru}+ through an arene ring (η6). Kinetic studies of the displacement of the [Cp*Ru(η6-DBT)]+ moiety in 4 by P(OPh)3 show that the η6-coordinated {Cp*Ru}+ group weakens the Ru−S bond, as compared to that in [CpRu(CO)2(η1(S)-DBT)]+, and greatly increases the rate of DBT dissociation.
Doing without Love: Civic Motivation, Affection, and Identification

There are important moral reasons for people to contribute to the democratic polities of which they are citizens. But recognition of these reasons, even when supported by considerations of narrow self-interest and by certain habits and tastes, is insufficient to reliably motivate most people. Patriotic love promises to make up the motivational shortfall, but at a high price: love of one's polity impairs one's capacity to see that polity's weaknesses and faults. This price might be worth paying if patriotic love were the only available solution to the civic motivation problem. But civic identification is an attractive alternative. Identification can be separated from affection, both conceptually and psychologically. And civic identification does not impair civic judgment as severely as patriotic love does. The best solution to the civic motivation problem is therefore to cultivate civic identification without, as far as possible, arousing patriotic love.
Improving a Grief and Loss Program: Caring for Patients, Families, and Staff

The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center (UMCCC) Grief and Loss Program provides supportive care services during bereavement which is considered part of the care continuum. This program received 50 death notifications per month upon project initiation and currently receives approximately 125 per month. Initial program evaluation was conducted via a pilot survey of bereaved parents as well as verbal and written evaluations from the transdisciplinary staff of Patient and Family Support Services. Grief support prior to evaluation included mailings, phone calls as indicated, poorly attended bereavement support groups, and limited staff support. Based on program evaluation, grief support continues through the use of mail/e-mail and phone calls to those at risk for complicated grief Three to four gatherings per year are offered rather than monthly support groups, and connections to community resources are provided. The Comfort And Resources at End of Life (C-A-R-E) program was implemented to support and educate staff. Next steps include further program evaluation and potential research to examine best practices for the bereaved.
An ethical dilemma in trauma care: A case presentation

A myriad of ethical challenges are present in this case study. A middle-aged man was admitted to a level I trauma-center in a large tertiary teaching hospital with multiple complicated severe injuries from a single motor vehicle accident. His identity was never accurately established and his wishes for his care were never elucidated. The ethical dilemmas and lessons learned are highlighted and discussed. The purpose for analyzing this experience is to understand the dynamics of the care given and to assist clinicians in the future with management of ethical issues in the care of difficult and disruptive patients.
How will patients be selected for transplantation in the future

Key Points 1The model for end-stage liver disease has become a selection tool for recipients for liver transplantation. 2The present selection / allocation system does not recognize distinctions in “donor organ quality.” 3Many studies have shown that donor factors such as age, gender, fat content, and heart beating versus non–heart beating status influence outcome of the liver transplantation. 4Efforts to increase organ donation are likely to provide more “expanded-criteria donors.” 5Future selection practices may attempt to match specific recipients to specific donors. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:S90–S92.)
Environmental requirements and the CE Mark new areas for a harmonized approach to compliance

This paper reviews new product environmental legal requirements now associated with the CE Mark in the European Economic Area (EEA) and Turkey which impact Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment. The CE Mark, as it is today, has been in place in the EEA as a conformity marking for over 20 years. When present on a product, it signifies the product is in conformance with the EU legislation that applies often called European Union harmonization legislation. For products such as ICT equipment, existing applicable EU legislation included, for example, low voltage and electromagnetic compatibility. In 2005, the EU published the first Directive which requires CE Marking for environmental criteria, in product energy efficiency. Following in 2011 the EU published the directive recasting the Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) which requires the CE Mark on products to signify compliance to this legislation as well. This common, harmonized approach to marking and compliance will be reviewed and impacts assessed for ICT products with a look into the future for the new areas planned or proposed for product compliance requirements.
Cough-Induced Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax

We report an otherwise healthy man who presented with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema induced by a bout of coughing. Although this condition is rare, most patients can be treated nonsurgically with the expectation of full recovery.
Filling factor for finite length thick walled solenoids

This paper examines the filling factor of an infinite bar surround by a finite (thick wall) solenoid, and shows that it can be well approximated in most eddy current test situations by the square of the coupling coefficient. It also provides reasonable (±10%) approximations to allow simple calculation of the filling factor under these conditions.
A irect integrationo approach for simultaneously estimating spatially varying thermal conductivity and heat capacity

Abstract One of the difficulties in the solution of inverse heat conduction problems is that of making sufficiently accurate initial guesses of the unknowns in order to start the iterations. In this work a direct integration methodology is developed for determining good initial guesses for the unknown property coefficients. Having good initial guesses, the analyst can apply the Levenberg-Marquardt method to refine the results to within a specified convergence criteria. The problem studied here is concerned with simultaneous estimation of spatially varying thermal conductivity and heat capacity from multiple spatial and temporal measurements made during transient heat conduction. Interior temperature sensors are necessary when the properties vary spatially. A statistical analysis is performed to determine approximate confidence bounds for estimating the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume.
Unique properties of a 1.36 kb circular DNA associated with Sorghum mitochondria

Abstract A 1.36 kb, double-stranded, circular DNA was found associated with mitochondria purified from cell suspension cultures of Sorghum bicolor line NK300. A full-length clone of this DNA was constructed for use in hybridization experiments. These experiments revealed no sequence similarity between the 1.36 kb DNA and the principal mitochondrial genome but demonstrated an unusual distribution of this molecule within the genus. The 1.36 kb DNA was present in all 16 Sorghum entries examined including seven lines with cytoplasms derived from wild Sorghum species or from Saccharum officinarum . Hybridization to mitochondrial RNA from suspension cultured cells revealed major transcripts of 600 and 900 bases and additional transcriptswhich appeared to be nearly full length and greater than full length.
Sorting single-walled carbon nanotubes by electronic type using nonionic, biocompatible block copolymers

As-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) typically possess a range of diameters and electronic properties. This polydispersity has hindered the development of many SWNT-based technologies and encouraged the development of postsynthetic methods for sorting SWNTs by their physical and electronic structure. Herein, we demonstrate that nonionic, biocompatible block copolymers can be used to isolate semiconducting and metallic SWNTs using density gradient ultracentrifugation. Separations conducted with different Pluronic block copolymers reveal that Pluronics with shorter hydrophobic chain lengths lead to higher purity semiconducting SWNTs, resulting in semiconducting purity levels in excess of 99% obtained for Pluronic F68. In contrast, X-shaped Tetronic block copolymers display an affinity for metallic SWNTs, yielding metallic purity levels of 74% for Tetronic 1107. These results suggest that high fidelity and high yield density gradient separations can be achieved using nonionic block copolymer...
Unequivocal potentiometric assignment of the site of adenosine deprotonation in aqueous base

Potentiometric titrations on appropriate model compounds unequivocally prove that the adenosine ribose is deprotonated near pH 12.
Rate constants for reaction of 1,2‐dimethylimidazole with benzyl bromide in ionic liquids and organic solvents

The rate constant for the Menschutkin reaction of 1,2-dimethylimidazole with benzyl bromide to produce 3-benzyl-1,2-dimethylimidazolium bromide was determined in a number of ionic liquids and molecular organic solvents. The rate constants in 12 ionic liquids are in the range of (1.0–3.2) × 10−3 L mol−1 s−1 and vary with the solvent anion in the order (CF3SO2)2 N− < PF6− < BF4−. Variations with the solvent cation (butylmethylimidazolium, octylmethylimidazolium, butyldimethylimidazolium, octyldimethylimidazolium, butylmethylpyrrolidinium, and hexyltributylammonium) are minimal. The rate constants in the ionic liquids are comparable to those in polar aprotic molecular solvents (acetonitrile, propylene carbonate) but much higher than those in weakly polar organic solvents and in alcohols. Correlation of the rate constants with the solvatochromic parameter ET(30) is reasonable within each group of similar solvents but very poor when all the solvents are correlated together. Better correlation is obtained for the organic solvents by using a combination of two parameters, π* (dipolarity/polarizibility) and α (hydrogen bond acidity), while additional parameters such as δ (cohesive energy density) do not provide any further improvement. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Int J Chem Kinet 36: 253–258, 2004
THERMALLY INDUCED BREAKDOWN OF THE DIRECT-TRANSITION MODEL IN COPPER

A strong temperature dependence has been observed for the first time in angle-resolved photoemission (ARP) spectra of the valence band of a crystalline solid. This spectral behavior confirms predictions of a model suggested by Shevchik. A controversial point in the interpretation of ARP spectra at x-ray energies is resolved by this model. Moreover, it dictates the choice of photon energy and sample temperature for future ARP studies of valence-band electronic structure.
Interaction of heparin with a synthetic pentadecapeptide from the C-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin.

The synthetic pentadecapeptide FN-C/H II (KNNQKSEPLIGRKKT-NH2) has the sequence of the carboxy-terminal heparin-binding domain of module III14 of fibronectin. Interaction of FN-C/H II with bovine lung heparin has been studied by 1H and 23Na NMR spectroscopy and by heparin affinity chromatography. FN-C/H II binds to heparin from pD <2 up to pD ∼10; at higher pD, the binding decreases as the lysine side-chain ammonium groups are titrated. Na+ counterions are displaced from the counterion condensation volume that surrounds sodium heparinate by FN-C/H II, which provides direct evidence that the binding involves electrostatic interactions. The pKA values for each of the five ammonium groups of FN-C/H II increase upon binding to heparin which, together with chemical shift data, indicates that the binding involves both delocalized and direct electrostatic interactions between ammonium groups of FN-C/H II and carboxylate and/or sulfate groups of heparin. NMR data also provide evidence for the direct interaction o...
Health care expenses in relation to obesity and smoking among U.S. adults by gender, race/ethnicity, and age group: 1998–2011

Abstract Objectives Obesity and smoking are two leading health risk factors and consume substantial health care resources. This study estimates and tracks annual per-capita health care expenses associated with obesity and smoking among U.S. adults aged 18 years and older from 1998 to 2011. Study design Retrospective data analysis. Methods Individual-level data came from the National Health Interview Survey 1996–2010 waves and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 1998–2011 waves. Annual per-capita health care expenses associated with obesity and smoking were estimated in two-part models, accounting for individual characteristics and sampling design. Results Obesity and smoking were associated with an increase in annual per-capita total health care expenses (2011 US$) by $1360 (95% confidence interval: $1134-$1587) and $1046 ($846-$1247), out-of-pocket expenses by $143 ($110-$176) and $70 ($37-$104), hospital inpatient expenses by $406 ($283-$529) and $405 ($291-$519), hospital outpatient expenses by $164 ($119-$210) and $95 ($52-$138), office-based medical provider service expenses by $219 ($157-$280) and $117 ($62-$172), emergency room service expenses by $45 ($28-$63) and $57 ($44-$71), and prescription expenses by $439 ($382-$496) and $251 ($199-$302), respectively. From 1998 to 2011, the estimated per-capita expenses associated with obesity and smoking increased by 25% and 30% for total health care, 41% and 48% for office-based medical provider services, 59% and 66% for emergency room services, and 62% and 70% for prescriptions but decreased by 16% and 15% for out-of-pocket health care expenses, 3% and 0.3% for inpatient care, and 6% and 2% for outpatient care, respectively. Health care expenses associated with obesity and smoking were considerably larger among women, Non-Hispanic whites, and older adults compared with their male, racial/ethnic minority, and younger counterparts. Conclusions Health care costs associated with obesity and smoking are substantial and increased noticeably during 1998–2011. They also vary significantly across gender, race/ethnicity and age.
Direct numerical simulation of stationary particles in homogeneous turbulence decay: Application of the k–ε model

Abstract This study focuses on understanding how the presence of particles, in homogeneous turbulence decay, affects the dissipation of dissipation coefficient within the volume averaged dissipation transport equation. In developing this equation, the coefficient for dissipation of dissipation was assumed to be the sum of the single phase coefficient and an additional coefficient that is related to the effects of the dispersed phase. Direct numerical simulation was used to isolate the effect of stationary particles in homogeneous turbulent decay at low Reynolds numbers (Re L = 3.3 and 12.5). The particles were positioned at each grid point and modeled as point forces and a comparison was made between a 64 3 and 128 3 domain. The results show that the dissipation of dissipation coefficient correlates well with a dimensionless parameter called the momentum coupling factor.
Verapamil potassium cardioplegia and cardiac conduction.

Abstract This clinical study analyzes the effect of potassium cardioplegic solution containing verapamil hydrochloride (1 mg/L) on cardiac conduction after release of the aortic cross-clamp and throughout recovery. Fifty consecutive patients undergoing open-heart operation were studied as a unit for postoperative conduction abnormalities. They were also analyzed in groups based on spontaneous ventricular conversion to regular rhythm (54%) and the need for single DC cardioversion (32%), or multiple DC cardioversions (14%). Results showed that spontaneous ventricular conversion had no relationship to aortic cross-clamp time and that DC cardioversion using 10 Ws had no detrimental effects on the myocardium or incidence of conduction abnormalities. The need for transient intraoperative pacing was lowest with spontaneous ventricular conversion, but not statistically different from single or multiple DC cardioversions. Only 3 patients (6%) required pacing in the intensive care unit. The incidence of postoperative atrial and ventricular arrhythmias was similar in all groups, and no deaths or episodes of malignant ventricular arrhythmias occurred. This study concludes that verapamil potassium cardioplegia is associated with excellent myocardial protection and a high incidence of transient intraoperative dysfunction of the atrioventricular node (70%) but a low incidence of postoperative pacing. Benign postoperative arrhythmias occur, but at hospital discharge, few conduction abnormalities (10%) persist.
Methane flux from wetlands areas

Ebullient gases from Michigan wetlands have been collected and analyzed to deduce in situ methane fluxes. Methane flux has been found to be a function of mean air temperature. This relationship has been utilized to extrapolate observed methane fluxes to estimates of fluxes from the Pripet marshes, Sudd, Everglades, and Ugandan swamps. These four wetlands together provide a yearly source of 6.8 × 10 13 g of methane to the atmosphere. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1977.tb00731.x
Improving output current distortion in hybrid BCM current controlled three-phase micro-inverter

Hybrid boundary conduction mode (BCM) current controlled inverters have an ability to achieve high efficiency and high power density. Due to easy digital implementation and no requirement of additional components this current control method is very promising for low power applications such as three-phase micro-inverters. However, some practical aspects of its implementation such as dead-time insertion can degrade the performance of the micro-inverter. This paper presents a dead-time compensation method that improves the performance of hybrid BCM current control by decreasing the output current THD and reducing the zero crossing distortion. A brief analysis of hybrid soft switched BCM inverter is given in the paper. The proposed method has been implemented for a 400W 208VAC three-phase prototype. The experimental results show that the output current THD is reduced to 2.5% and thus satisfies the THD requirements under different load conditions.
The Networks of Human Gut Microbe–Metabolite Associations are Different between Health and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The goal of this study was to determine if fecal metabolite and microbiota profiles can serve as biomarkers of human intestinal diseases, and to uncover possible gut microbe–metabolite associations. We employed proton nuclear magnetic resonance to measure fecal metabolites of healthy children and those diagnosed with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Metabolite levels were associated with fecal microbial abundances. Using several ordination techniques, healthy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) samples could be distinguished based on the metabolite profiles of fecal samples, and such partitioning was congruent with the microbiota-based sample separation. Measurements of individual metabolites indicated that the intestinal environment in IBS-D was characterized by increased proteolysis, incomplete anaerobic fermentation and possible change in methane production. By correlating metabolite levels with abundances of microbial genera, a number of statistically significant metabolite–genus associations were detected in stools of healthy children. No such associations were evident for IBS children. This finding complemented the previously observed reduction in the number of microbe–microbe associations in the distal gut of the same cohort of IBS-D children.
Nonlinear statistics reveals stronger ties between ENSO and the tropical hydrological cycle

Cross-spectrum analysis based on linear correlations in the time domain suggested a coupling between large river flows and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. A nonlinear measure based on mutual information (MI) reveals extrabasinal connections between ENSO and river flows in the tropics and subtropics, that are 20-70% higher than those suggested so far by linear correlations. The enhanced dependence observed for the Nile, Amazon, Congo, Paran{acute a}, and Ganges rivers, which affect large, densely populated regions of the world, has significant impacts on inter-annual river flow predictabilities and, hence, on water resources and agricultural planning.
Synthesis and analysis of an indium tin oxide nanoparticle dispersion

Interest in inkjet printing of indium tin oxide (ITO) has created the need for a dispersible and highly crystalline nanoparticle form that displays no agglomeration in solution. We have developed a synthesis route to the production of a colloidal ITO nanoparticle system which meets these requirements. The 5 nm diameter ITO particles are highly crystalline and display intrinsic properties similar to those observed in thin-film samples. Most importantly, the organic compounds that initiate the reaction cascade also act as stabilizers against agglomeration and allow the particles to be dispersed in solution for months and potentially years. The colloidal form also provides an additional material with which to probe the fundamental physics of ITO.
Orientation Dependence of Electric Field Effects on the g Factor of Nitroxides Measured by 220 GHz EPR

The spectroscopic properties of stable nitroxide radicals, including the magnetic properties of the unpaired electron, are known to be sensitive to local electric fields. The most accessible parameter has been the isotropic 14N hyperfine splitting aN, which is readily measured using conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. High-frequency, high-field EPR may be used to gain additional information about the electrostatic microenvironment of a nitroxide by revealing subtle influences on the nitroxide g tensor. In the present work, two nitroxide radicals with a local electric field Eloc provided by internal ionizable groups are studied as a function of pH by 220 GHz EPR. The three principal g values are resolved by immobilizing the probes in pH-adjusted poly(vinyl alcohol) films. Both nitroxides exhibit observable shifts in gx and gy as a function of pH, from which the g shifts may be calibrated with respect to Eloc. The calibration shows that nitroxide probes are sensitive to field ma...
Surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma: does it improve survival?

Background: The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing in the United States. Whether surgery is associated with improved survival at the population level is relatively unknown. To address this question, we used a population-based cancer registry to compare survival outcomes between patients receiving and not receiving surgery with similar tumor sizes and health status.