cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The promoter of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene is active in serum-deprived cells

Abstract mRNA levels for the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) gene are growth regulated. PCNA promoters of different lengths were used to drive a linked reporter, the cDNA for human thymidine kinase (TK). After transfection into TK−ts13 cells, stable cell lines were obtained. Regardless of promoter length, in all cell lines the levels of TK mRNA were roughly similar in serum-deprived and serum stimulated cells, confirming, by an independent method, that the growth regulation of PCNA mRNA levels does not depend on the 5′ flanking sequence of the PCNA gene.
Effects of single injections of diethylstilbestrol on milk composition and counts of leucocytes in milk of Holstein-Friesian cattle1,2

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen uber den Einflus von Diathylstilbesterol-Injektionen auf Milchzusammen-setzung und Gehalt an Leukozyten in Milch von schwarzbunten Kuhen 12 schwarzbunte Kuhe wurden zur Untersuchung von Einflussen von 3 Dosierungs-hohen (10, 30 oder 60 mg) einzelner Injektionen von Diathylstilbestrol (DES) auf Milchmenge, Gehalte an Milchfett, fettfreie Trockensubstanz (SNF), Gesamteiweis, Kasein, Molkeneiweis und Leukozytenzahl benutzt. Statistisch gesicherte Erhohungen in SNF-, Protein-, Kasein- und Molkeneiweisgehalten wurden fur mehrere Tage festgestelk. Die 30-mg-DES/454-kg-Lebendgewicht-Dosierung verursachte starkere Reaktionen denn die 10- oder 60-mg-Dosierung. Kuhe im mehr fortgeschrittenen Laktationsstadium hatten grosere Milchproteingehaltserhohungen. Das Verhaltnis von Kasein zu Gesamteiweis war nicht bedeutend verandert. Mengenzunahmen fur Protein, Kasein und SNF waren statistisch gesichert zwischen dem 5. und 14. Tag nach der Injektion, hatten aber anfanglich erst eine Senkung erfahren. Fettgehalte reagierten in reziprokem Verhaltnis zu Milchmengen. Leukozytenzahlen waren erhoht fur 3 Tage, reagierten am meisten nach der 30-mg-DES-Dosierung und am wenigsten nach der 10-mg-Injektion. Ovariektomierte Kuhe reagierten ahnlich wie die normalen Kuhe nach den Ostrogeninjektionen.
Exact solution to the Einstein--Maxwell field equations for a charge and mass distribution with a quadrupole moment

The method introduced by Erez and Rosen to obtain exact multipole-type solutions to the static axially symmetric Einstein field equations is generalized to the Einstein-Maxwell system for the case of a static axially symmetric distribution of mass and charge. This is accomplished by defining an auxiliary function which, when assumed to be related to the electrostatic potential through certain derivative conditions, reduces the Einstein-Maxwell equations for this case to the Weyl form of the pure gravitational field equations. A general expression is then given for the electrostatic potential in terms of the auxiliary function. We interpret the solutions, which contain the Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution as a special case, as fields produced by mass and charge distributions possessing multipole structure, and we give the explicit form of the metric for the monopole plus quadrupole case.
Quantum Chemical Calculations of the Cl− + CH3I → CH3Cl + I− Potential Energy Surface†

Electronic structure theory calculations, using MP2 theory and the DFT functionals OPBE, OLYP, HCTH407, BhandH, and B97-1, were performed to characterize the structures, vibrational frequencies, an...
Report on the Modern Greek Studies Association Conference, New York, October 13–15, 2011

The first part of the report, for October 13, describes a formal panel with presentations on Modern Greek library and bibliographic matters. It also describes the meeting of the Association's Library Committee. The second part of the report, for October 14–15, summarizes presentations at four scholarly panels in the fields of linguistics, history, emigration studies, and economics.
Value of the EEG in neonatal seizures

Seizures are one of the most common, and frequently ominous, neurological signs occurring in neonates and require prompt evaluation. One of the first steps when facing the child with suspected neonatal seizures is to determine whether the events have an ictal basis. The EEG can be of enormous value in differentiating seizures from nonseizure events as well as providing prognostic information. In this review, neonatal EEG paroxysmal patterns will be reviewed.
Congressional Support of the President: A Comparison of Foreign, Defense, and Domestic Policy Decision Making during and after the Cold War

context tended to be influential in both policy areas, they found important differences in the effects of factors relating to the international context. They also found that congressional bipartisan support was significantly less likely on matters related to the purse strings and on issues such as trade. The con trasting effects of the explanatory factors across policy areas suggest the importance of both the two-presidencies and resurgent Congress perspectives in explaining congressional-executive interactions.
Use of a peak flow meter for positive feedback in psychogenic cough.

Peak flow meters are recommended for the control of chronic asthma.1 They often detect airflow obstruction before it is clinically manifested, and can be a useful tool for asthma self-management. Early detection of airflow obstruction may result in earlier, more effective therapy.2 In certain select cases the peak flow meter can be used to reassure a patient that symptoms are not being caused by asthma. We report such a case. A.C. was first referred to us at age 8 1/12 years because of prolonged cough with upper respiratory tract infection (URI). By history she had cough only with URI, but the cough lasted 3 or more weeks with each URI. She had missed 15 days of school in each of the past 2 school years because of the cough. She had exercise induced cough only when otherwise ill. Nebulized albuterol provided some relief. She had occasional urticaria of unknown cause. Allergens do not provoke asthma symptoms, and there was no seasonal pattern to the asthma, other than the expected increased frequency of URI in the winter. When initially seen she had developed a URI 1 week before, and was coughing considerably. … Address correspondence to Michael R. Bye, MD, Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Babies and Children's Hospital of New York Presbyterian Hospital, Children's Lung Center, 3959 Broadway, BH7S, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: mb255{at}columbia.edu
In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Yersinia pestis Determined by Broth Microdilution following CLSI Methods

In vitro susceptibilities to 45 antibiotics were determined for 30 genetically and geographically diverse strains of Yersinia pestis by the broth microdilution method at two temperatures, 28°C and 35°C, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. The Y. pestis strains demonstrated susceptibility to aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, β-lactams, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Only a 1-well shift was observed for the majority of antibiotics between the two temperatures. Establishing and comparing antibiotic susceptibilities of a diverse but specific set of Y. pestis strains by standardized methods and establishing population ranges and MIC50 and MIC90 values provide reference information for assessing new antibiotic agents and also provide a baseline for use in monitoring any future emergence of resistance.
Abduction Defect Associated With Aberrant Regeneration of the Oculomotor Nerve After Intracranial Aneurysm

Purpose: To determine the cause of delayedonset ipsilateral abduction defect associated with aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve. Methods: Isolated oculomotor palsy was noted after successful basilar artery aneurysm surgery in a 35-year-old patient. Several months later, aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve and an ipsilateral abduction defect were first detected. Results: Ocular electromyography demonstrated failure of relaxation of the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle on attempted abduction, suggesting cocontraction of horizontal recti muscles as the origin of the abduction defect. Conclusion: A late-onset ipsilateral abduction defect caused by failure of relaxation of the medial rectus muscle may be associated with basilar aneurysm.
Collaboration in performance of physical tasks: effects on outcomes and communication

We report an empirical study of people using mobile collaborative systems to support maintenance tasks on a bicycle. Results show that field workers make repairs more quickly and accurately when they have a remote expert helping them. Some pairs were connected by a shared video system, where the video camera focused on the active workspace and they communicated with full duplex audio. For other pairs, either the video was eliminated or the audio was reduced to half duplex (but not both). Pairs’ success at collaboration did not vary with the communication technology. However, the manner in which they coordinated advice-giving did vary with the communication technology. In particular, help was more proactive and coordination was less explicit when the pairs had video connections. The results show the value of collaboration, but raise questions about the interaction of communication media and conversational coordination on task performance.
Identifying and Eliminating the Roadblocks to Comparative-Effectiveness Research

Dr. Daniel Martin and colleagues describe their experience with a comparative-effectiveness study that highlights important roadblocks and dramatic changes needed in federal infrastructure for such research to be conducted efficiently.
A geometric approach to invariant subspaces of orthogonal matrices

This note gives a short, geometrically based, proof that a real orthogonal matrix has a normal form consisting of a direct sum of 1$times 1$ and 2$times 2$ blocks.
Algebraic calculation of the Morse oscillator scattering matrix

Abstract The reflection amplitude of the one-dimensional Morse oscillator is calculated algebraically within a recently introduced group theory approach to scattering.
Operation ‘cardinal’: The OSS in Manchuria, August 1945

To protect thousands of Allied military prisoners of war, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), China Theater parachuted a small team into Mukden the day after the Japanese surrender. Operating amid a disintegrating security situation, the OSS team's military and diplomatic skills enabled success of its humanitarian mission. Afterward, the team reverted to a secondary mission of intelligence gathering. Witnesses to the beginning of the Cold War in Asia, the team's intelligence reporting revealed the strength of the Chinese Communists in Manchuria, and how in the flush of victory over Japan, the United States was already facing problems with a resurgent Soviet Union whose ambitions were far different from those of America.
Noncontingent reinforcement and certainty

This study describes a method of continually sampling levels of certainty during the decision making process. Ss participating in this study were presented with the task of dividing series of photographic slides into two groups. Each time a S would make a choice (select which group he thought the picture belonged in), he was told whether he was right or wrong by a green or a red light flashing, based on a predetermined random sequence in which the probability of being right was either 0.3, 0.5, or 0.8. At the same time that the S made his choice he indicated the certainty of that choice by pressing one of several switches, each one corresponding to one of five certainty levels ranging from “don’t know” to “positive” (absolute certainty). Ss’ certainty varied positively with probability of reinforcement, and appeared to be independent of stimulus type. “Responsiveness” was defined as how closely the S’s certainty tracked the continually occurring changes in reinforcement, and was also found to vary positively with the reinforcement probability.
A novel sexual pattern in serranid fishes: simultaneous hermaphrodites and secondary males in Serranus fasciatus

Gulf of California populations of Serranus fasciatus are composed of functional simultaneous hermaphrodites and males. This is the first serranid known to have this sexual pattern which is functionally intermediate between the typical serranid patterns of simultaneous and protogynous hermaphroditism. Males of S. fasciatus are derived from hermaphrodites by resorption of ovarian tissue and proliferation of the extant testicular band. Distinct sexual roles are evident in spawning events. Hermaphrodites gain female function by pair spawning with males (124 and 125 observed spawns) and rarely with other hermaphrodites (1 of 125). Hermaphrodites gain male function by sneak spawning (9 of 125) and rarely by pair spawning with other hermaphrodites. Males exclusively pair spawned with hermaphrodites. Despite its unusual sexual pattern, S. fasciatus appears allied with other Serranus species based on similarities in gonad morphology.
Attachment of l-Glutamate to Rutile (α-TiO2): A Potentiometric, Adsorption, and Surface Complexation Study

Interactions between aqueous amino acids and mineral surfaces influence the bioavailability of amino acids in the environment, the viability of Ti implants in humans, and the role of mineral surfaces in the origin of life on Earth. We studied the adsorption of l-glutamate on the surface of rutile (α-TiO2, pHPPZC = 5.4) in NaCl solutions using potentiometric titrations and batch adsorption experiments over a wide range of pH values, ligand-to-solid ratios, and ionic strengths. Between pH 3 and 5, glutamate adsorbs strongly, up to 1.4 μmol m−2, and the adsorption decreases with increasing ionic strength. Potentiometric titration measurements of proton consumption for the combined glutamate−rutile−aqueous solution system show a strong dependence on glutamate concentration. An extended triple-layer surface complexation model of all the experimental results required at least two reaction stoichiometries for glutamate adsorption, indicating the possible existence of at least two surface glutamate complexes. A p...
Using Goal-Oriented Counseling; and Peer Support to Reduce HIV/AIDS Risk Among Drug Users Not in Treatment

SUMMARY A six-month HIV/AIDS risk intervention program for injection drug and crack users not in treatment is described, incorporating behavioral contracting, social support, and social modeling as core elements. The program utilizes goal-oriented behavioral counseling and HIV testing in conjunction with social support by peers and project outreach workers to facilitate personal change by drug-using participants. The intervention incorporates both group workshops and individual counseling sessions plus monthly social events for participants, supportive peers, and project staff. Local drug users who have successfully reduced their own risk of HIV/AIDS are utilized as positive role models for risk reduction. In addition, outreach workers maintain structured supportive contacts with program participants on a scheduled basis. The efficacy of this enhanced intervention program in comparison with standard HIV testing and AIDS education is currently being evaluated in a follow-up study.
Determinants of right ventricular function and hemodynamics after pulmonary embolism.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contributions of pulmonary embolic obstruction and independent pre-embolic cardiopulmonary disease to the postembolic cardiovascular status. Of 36 patients studied, 28 had underlying heart or lung disease, while 8 patients had had neither. The extent of pulmonary embolic obstruction was determined by pulmonary angiography. No relationship could be found between the degree of cardiovascular and right ventricular functional impairment and the severity of pulmonary embolic obstruction in the group as a whole. These findings were in contrast with the dose relationship which has been shown to exist between the severity of cardiovascular impairment and the extent of embolic obstruction in patients free of pre-existing heart and rang disease. Increasingly severe impairment of right ventricular function was associated with increasing mortality within 30 days of pulmonary embolism, but no relationship between right ventricular function and the severity of embolic obstruction was found. It was concluded that: (1) the hemodynamic and right ventricular status may be very misleading as measures of the impact of pulmonary embolism in patients with pre-existing heart or lung disease; and (2) estimation of the role of pulmonary embolism in such patients must be based on a consideration of both the immediate pre-embolic cardiopulmonary status and the extent of embolic involvement.
Two cases of giant intracerebral aneurysm simulating neoplasm on ct scan; one with coexistent chronic subdural hematoma

Two cases of giant intracerebral aneurysm are presented. Both exhibit increased absorption values in a circumferential configuration peripherally after the administration of contrast material. In addition, one case demonstrates a coexistent contralateral chronic subdural hematoma. No previous example of intracranial aneurysm exhibiting this configuration on computed tomography has been described in the literature. The operative, computed tomographic, radionuclide and angiographic findings are described and the differential diagnosis discussed.
Invention rates and R&D in Japanese manufacturing organizations

Abstract Industrial outputs from Japanese manufacturers now compete with Western products in terms of innovative new attributes as well as high quality and low cost. To understand why, organizational and managerial correlates of invention rates, as indicated by patent applications per employee, are analyzed in 44 Japanese factories in a 1983 survey. These correlates are more similar in several respects to those observed in a matched sample of U.S. factories than results from an earlier survey in 1970 of Japanese manufacturers. While this trend suggests that Japanese management practices may be converging with those of the West, significant differences remain. To the extent that such distinctive practices are correlated with inventive success, the assumption that the Western model represents the one best way to organize is challenged.
Media Consumption, Perceptions of Crime Risk and Fear of Crime: Examining Race/Ethnic Differences:

This study compares the impact of multiple forms of crime-related media across white, Latino, and African American respondents on their perception of crime risk in their neighborhoods and fear of c...
A 1.5GHz third generation Itanium 2 processor

This 130nm Itanium/spl reg/ 2 processor implements the Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) architecture and features an on-die 6MB, 24-way set associative L3 cache. The 374mm/sup 2/ die contains 410M transistors and is implemented in a dual-Vt process with 6 layers copper interconnect and FSG dielectric. The processor runs at 1.5GHz at 1.3V and dissipates a maximum of 130W. This paper reviews circuit design and package details, power delivery, RAS, DFT and DFM features, as well as an overview of the design and verification methodology. The fuse-based clock de-skew circuit achieves 24ps skew across the entire die, while the scan-based skew control further reduces it to 7ps. The 128-bit front-side bus supports up to 4 processors on a single bus with a bandwidth of up to 6.4GB/s.
What is (or should be) the difference between competency modeling and traditional job analysis

Abstract We argue that Competency Modeling (CM) has the potential to fill an important void in Traditional Job Analysis (TJA), specifically the infusion of strategic concerns in day-to-day employee behavior. Moreover TJA and CM pursue fundamentally different goals, which those who argue for and against either of these human resource methods at times may overlook. To buttress this point we compare TJA and CM along six dimensions: purpose (describe versus influence behavior), view of the job (an object to be described versus a role to be enacted), focus (job versus organization), time orientation (past versus future), performance level (typical versus maximum), and measurement approach (latent trait versus clinical judgment). We conclude with a series of recommendations regarding ways in which TJA can be joined with CM so that an organization may achieve, among other outcomes, the critical purpose of directing employee behavior toward the accomplishment of its strategic objectives.
Democracy in the workplace: Theory and practice from the perspective of communication

Abstract This essay considers a range of issues related to workplace democracy in the contemporary industrialized world. Although drawing from a broad multi‐disciplinary literature, the essay emphasizes topics that can be usefully explored from the perspective of communication and sound contributions that can be made to theory and practice from such an engagement of the field. The essay essentially argues for the widespread democratization of work but not without considering realistic limitations to that ideal. The case of the Mondragon worker cooperatives, in the Basque region of Spain, is offered to demonstrate both the promise and problems of workplace democracy.
METABOLISM OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE AND TRIPHENYLCARBINOL.

Abstract A study of the metabolism of triphenylmethane and triphenylcarbinol in the rabbit indicates that the major urinary metabolite of these two compounds is the corresponding glucuronide. When 1 gm of triphenylmethane is fed to rabbits, approximately 35% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the feces, 45–55% is excreted in the urine as a glucuronide, and a small amount is converted to 4-hydroxytriphenylmethane. Urinary excretion of triphenylcarbinol as the glucuronide accounts for approximately 43% of a 1-gm dose fed to rabbits. Thirty-three% of the triphenylcarbinol is excreted unchanged in the feces.
Cul3-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation are dependent on the partial molar volume at position 151 of Keap1.

Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that activates transcription of a battery of cytoprotective genes by binding to the ARE (antioxidant response element). Nrf2 is repressed by the cysteine-rich Keapl (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) protein, which targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by a Cul3 (cullin 3)-mediated ubiquitination complex. We find that modification of Cys 151 of human Keap 1, by mutation to a tryptophan, relieves the repression by Keap and allows activation of the ARE by Nrf2. The Keap1 C 151 W substitution has a decreased affinity for Cul3, and can no longer serve to target Nrf2 for ubiquitination, though it retains its affinity for Nrf2. A series of 12 mutant Keap 1 proteins, each containing a different residue at position 151, was constructed to explore the chemistry required for this effect. The series reveals that the extent to which Keap1loses the ability to target Nrf2 for degradation, and hence the ability to repress ARE activation, correlates well with the partial molar volume of the residue. Other physico-chemical properties do not appear to contribute significantly to the effect. Based on this finding, a structural model is proposed whereby large residues at position 151 cause steric clashes that lead to alteration of the Keap1 -Cul3 interaction. This model has significant implications for how electrophiles which modify Cys 151 , disrupt the repressive function of Keap1.
The silver man: a rare cosmetic complication of alternative medicine

A 58-year-old man with a medical history of schizoaffective disorder, delusional parasitosis and clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) was hospitalised for worsening diarrhoea, as a result of CDC exacerbation. His physical examination revealed normal vital signs and a bluish-grey pigmentation of the skin and nailbeds (figure 1). The patient firmly believed that he had Morgellons disease (a form of delusional parasitosis). In the past, he had seen several physicians including psychiatrists to seek treatment for his delusional parasitosis. The patient reported that he had been using oral silver colloidal …
Optical transmission through a plasmon film lens with small roughness: enhanced spatial resolution of images of single source and multiple sources

We study image enhancement of transmitted optical fields though plasmon film lenses with smooth surfaces, random rough surfaces, and sinusoidal rough surfaces. We show that the silver film lens with subwavelength roughness provides image enhancement by reducing the spatial width of the image while preserving the image integrity. Images of multiple sources at random positions are enhanced, are spatial translational invariant for subwavelength spacing, and the quality of the enhanced images is preserved. Two numerical methods, namely, the method of moments and the T-matrix method, are used to calculate the theoretical results providing a validity check of the accuracy of the solutions. The analytic small perturbation method to arbitrary orders is utilized to demonstrate image enhancement effects in the spectral domain. The role of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in plasmon imaging is explained and it is shown that the surface with subwavelength roughness enhances images by suppression of the SPPs.
The Experience of Being a Treatment Foster Mother

This study examines the experiences of treatment foster mothers. It is part of an ongoing longitudinal study of the use, implementation, and effectiveness of treatment foster care. The study sample is 43 treatment foster mothers. Study data are from in-person interviews with mothers in which each is asked to talk about the youth in her care and her experience of being the youth’s treatment foster mother. Mothers’ responses were analyzed through an inductive and iterative process. The analysis yielded six mutually exclusive categories of experience. Each category was labeled with a name that reflected a critical element of its definition: Strategic, Struggle, Satisfaction, Mothering, Rejection, and ‘Other’. Findings suggest wide variation in how treatment foster mothers experience their role and relationships with youth. Study strengths, limitations, and relevant theoretical frameworks for further work are discussed.
Entry Guidance and Trajectory Control for Reusable Launch Vehicle

An entry guidance concept, similar to that of the Space Shuttle, is considered for the reusable launch vehicle (RLV). But the reference trajectory de ned by drag pro le is parameterized and optimized as piecewise linear functions of the energy. Analytical expressions for accurate downrange distance prediction and a performance index, theaccumulatedheat load,are obtained.A regularizationtechniqueisemployed toachievedesired properties of the optimal drag pro le. These results enable fast design of constrained optimal trajectories for both offline studies and possible onboard application. A nonlinear control law is derived for trajectory tracking, which guarantees globallyasymptoticallystable tracking of the reference drag pro le. Numerical results for a conceptual RLV are provided to demonstrate the optimal design of drag pro les and the performance of the trajectory control law under a variety of off-nominal conditions and navigationerrors in altitude rate.
A theoretical and experimental study of coplanar waveguide shunt stubs

A comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of straight and bend coplanar waveguide (CPW) shunt stubs is presented. In the theoretical analysis, the CPW is assumed to be inside a cavity, while, the experiments are performed on open structures. For the analysis of CPW discontinuities with air-bridges, a hybrid technique has been developed which has been validated through extensive theoretical and experimental comparisons. Throughout this study, the effect of the cavity resonances on the behavior of the stubs with and without air-bridges is investigated. In addition, the encountered radiation loss due to the discontinuities is evaluated experimentally. >
Diversity of Hemagglutination Phenotypes among P-Fimbriated Wild-Type Strains of Escherichia coli in Relation to papG Allele Repertoire

Data regarding the hemagglutination (HA) patterns of the three variants (classes I, II, and III) of the Escherichia coli adhesin PapG are conflicting. These HA patterns usually have been assessed for each papG allele separately with recombinant strains in slide HA assays. We rigorously evaluated an alternative microtiter tray HA assay and then used it to assess the HA of four erythrocyte types (human A1P1 and OP1, rabbit, and sheep erythrocytes) by multiple wild-type E. coli strains representing the four naturally occurring combinations of the papG alleles, i.e., class I plus III, class III only, class II plus III, and class II only. The microtiter tray HA assay displayed significantly better reproducibility of intraobserver (83%) and interobserver (86%) results than did slide HA assays (39 and 73%, respectively). Novel findings from the study of 32 wild-type P-fimbriated strains included reproducible determinations of phenotypic diversity among different papG categories, among strains within each papG category, and from day to day for individual strains. There was also substantial overlap of phenotypes between papG categories I plus III and III only and between II plus III and II only. A class III papG recombinant strain’s HA pattern differed significantly from that of the wild-type class III strains. These data demonstrate that HA phenotypes of wild-type P-fimbriated E. coli strains can be reproducibly assessed by a microtiter HA assay and that they correspond broadly to papG genotype but in a more complex and varied fashion than previously recognized.
Experimental Measures of Amino Acid Hydrophobicity and the Topology of Transmembrane and Globular Proteins

The noncovalent binding interactions of biological molecules involve the stripping away of solvent water from regions of contact between the binding partners. Accordingly, the net strength of their interactions with other molecules can be considered to include the cost of removing the interacting
Studies of the Deteriorated Turbulent Heat Transfer Regime for the Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor Decay Heat Removal System

Increased reliance on passive emergency cooling using natural circulation of gas at elevated pressure is one of the major goals for the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR). Since GFR cores have high power density and low thermal inertia, the decay heat removal (DHR) in depressurization accidents is a key challenge. Furthermore, due to its high surface heat flux and low velocities under natural circulation in any post-LOCA scenario, three effects impair the capability of turbulent gas flow to remove heat from the GFR core, namely: (1) acceleration effect, (2) buoyancy effect and (3) property variation. This paper reviews previous work on heat transfer mechanisms and flow characteristics of the deteriorated turbulent heat transfer (DTHT) regime and decomposes governing non-dimensional groups to provide an insight for the GFR DHR system design. It is shown that by applying the developed methodology, the GFR's DHR system has a potential for operating in the DTHT regime and the gas DTHT regime is different from the liquid or super-critical fluid's DTHT regime. A description of an experimental facility designed and built to investigate the DTHT regime is provided together with the initial test results. The initial runs were performed in the forced convection regime to verify facility operation against well-established forced convection correlations. The results of the three runs at Reynolds numbers of 6700, 8000 and 12,800 show good agreement with the Gnielinski correlation for heat transfer, which is considered the best available correlation for forced convection over a wide range of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. However, even in the forced convection regime, the effect of variation of the fluid properties was found to be significant.
Law Libraries as Publishers: Faculty Bibliographies

This column discusses efforts by law libraries to compile bibliographies of faculty scholarship.
Superheroes on World Screens Ed. Rayna Denison and Rachel Mizsei-Ward. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2015. 226 pp.

The newly released edited collection, Superheroes on World Screens, brings together an impressive assortment of critical essays that consider the figure of the superhero in a global context. Popula...
Mill's Liberalism, Security, and Group Defamation

Western liberal democracies do not treat all forms of expression in the same way. Typically, they treat some categories of expression as deserving of special protection - religious doctrines and political debate, for instance. They treat other categories of expression as deserving of only a lesser form of protection - commercial advertising, for instance. And they treat still other forms of expression as worthy not of protection but criminal prosecution, as in the case of child pornography, cross-burning, and, at least in some countries, Holocaust denial. This paper examines the tension between freedom of religious expression - typically thought of as a category deserving special protection - and group defamation or hate speech - in particular the defamation of religious groups and homosexuals. Drawing on Mill's defence of free speech, this paper argues that freedom of expression trumps group defamation, except in those cases where expression poses a threat to physical security.
Development of a virtual reality excavator simulator: a mathematical model of excavator digging and a calculation methodology

Virtual Reality (VR) simulators have become popular because of two distinctive merits. One is the capability to transfer data and information to users in an intuitive way by means of 3-D high-quality graphics output and real input devices. The other is the capability to represent physical systems in mathematical models so that meaningful responses of the systems can be predicted. Previous efforts in VR excavating machine simulator development, however, showed a lack of balance between the fidelity of the model of the physics and the visual representation of the simulated equipment. In order to ensure that a VR construction excavator simulator provides convincing operating results to users, the focus of simulator development needs to be shifted to interaction of physically valid soil and the excavator machine. This research aims to contribute to the development of a VR construction excavator simulator system by proposing a mathematical model of excavator digging and a calculation methodology. The mathematical model of excavator digging provides physically meaningful soil-bucket interaction information to a simulator. The calculation methodology provides systematic and efficient computation methods to ensure the seamless integration of the excavator digging model with a VR simulator system as well as adequate system speed. As a result, the simulator is realized as an engineering process tool equipped with real-time interactivity.
El cadáver humano en el arte y la bioética: la Pietà Rondanini de Miguel Ángel

According to bioethics, life is a fundamental but not an absolute good. Therefore the value of a person resides in being alive, no matter in which state such person is. The concept of brain death is legally and ethically accepted as the definition of death. In artworks, human beings are revealed as they are. Michelangelo’s Pieta Rondanini captures and captures what a human corpse is, in its most intimate appearance. The artist boldly reveals its essence.
Kinetic Evidence for Bimolecular Nucleation in Supported-Transition-Metal-Nanoparticle Catalyst Formation in Contact with Solution: The Prototype Ir(1,5-COD)Cl/γ-Al2O3 to Ir(0)∼900/γ-Al2O3 System

Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the formation of supported-nanoparticle catalysts in contact with solution hold promise of driving the next generation syntheses of size, shape, and compositionally controlled catalysts. Recently, we studied the kinetics and mechanism of formation of a prototype Ir(0)∼900/γ-Al2O3 supported-nanoparticle catalyst from Ir(1,5-COD)Cl/γ-Al2O3 in contact with solution (Mondloch, J.E.; Finke, R.G. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2011, 133, 7744). Key kinetic evidence was extracted from γ-Al2O3- and acetone-dependent kinetic curves in the form of rate constants for nucleation (A → B, rate constant k1obs) and autocatalyic surface growth (A + B → 2B, rate constant k2obs), where A is nominally the Ir(1,5-COD)Cl/γ-Al2O3 and B the growing, supported Ir(0)n/γ-Al2O3 nanoparticle. The resultant data provided evidence for a mechanism consisting of four main steps: Ir(1,5-COD)Cl(solvent) dissociation from the γ-Al2O3 support, then Ir(1,5-COD)Cl(solvent) solution-based nucleation, fast nanoparticle captu...
Role of Noncoplanar Conformation in Facilitating Ground State Hole Transfer in Oxidized Porphyrin Dyads

We employ density functional theory to investigate ground state hole transfer in covalently linked oxidized zinc–zinc porphyrin ([ZnZn]+) and zinc–free-base porphyrin ([ZnFb]+) dyads in both coplanar and noncoplanar (tilted) conformations. We obtain reactant, product, and transition state (TS) for the hole transfer reaction in the [ZnZn]+ system. The hole is localized on a single porphyrin unit in the reactant and product states while delocalized in the TS, implying the dominance of superexchange mechanism in the hole transfer reaction. A metastable as well as stable states are located for the [ZnFb]+ system while no TS is found, indicating a barrierless hole transfer reaction. The hole lifetimes are calculated to be 15.80 and 0.034 ns for [ZnZn]+ in the coplanar and tilted conformation, respectively, and 14.45 and 0.313 ns for [ZnFb]+. The hole transfer rates are found to be several orders of magnitude faster in the tilted conformation than in the coplanar conformation for both dyads, showing the importa...
A unified conceptualization of the attraction effect

This research focuses on the attraction effect, a phenomenon in which the share of the focal alternative (called “target”), relative to a second alternative (called “competitor”), increases when a third alternative (termed “decoy”) is introduced, such that the target dominates the decoy but the competitor does not. On the one hand, research has demonstrated the existence of the attraction effect in a wide variety of situations; on the other hand, more recent research has questioned the existence of the effect under some circumstances. The purpose of this research is to provide a unified conceptual framework using the reference dependence and loss aversion principles of prospect theory to examine the circumstances under which the attraction effect benefits the target, the competitor, or neither. With its unifying conceptualization of the attraction effect, the research contributes to the literature by reconciling some contradictory findings and viewpoints and offering directions for further exploration.
S-Ribosylhomocysteine analogues modified at the ribosyl C-4 position

4-C-Alkyl/aryl-S-ribosylhomocysteine (SRH) analogues were prepared by coupling of homocysteine with 4-substituted ribofuranose derivatives. The diastereoselective incorporation of the methyl substituent into the 4 position of the ribose ring was accomplished by addition of methylmagnesium bromide to the protected ribitol-4-ulose yielding the 4-C-methylribitol in 85% yield as single 4R diastereomer. The 4-C hexyl, octyl, vinyl, and aryl ribitols were prepared analogously. Chelation controlled addition of a carbanion to ketones from the (Si-face) was responsible for the observed stereochemical outcome. Oxidation of the primary alcohol of the 4-C ribitols with the catalytic amount of tetrapropylammonium perruthenate in the presence of N-methylmorpholine N-oxide produced 4-C-alkylribono-1,4-lactones in high yields. Mesylation of the latter compounds at the 5-hydroxyl position and treatment with a protected homocysteine thiolate afforded protected 4-C-alkyl/aryl-SRH analogues as the lactones. Reduction with lithium triethylborohydride and successive global deprotections with TFA afforded 4-C-alkyl/aryl SRH analogues. These analogues might impede the S-ribosylhomocysteinase(LuxS)-catalyzed reaction by preventing β-elimination of a homocysteine molecule, and thus depleting the production of quorum sensing signaling molecule AI-2.
Flexor tendon injuries of the hand

Flexor tendon injuries can be problematic injuries from the time of occurrence until the patient returns to full and complete recovery. There are many misadventures that can occur along the way. The emergency physician must be keenly aware of the anatomy involved, and a careful history and physical examination must be performed. The diagnosis may be obvious or subtle, and the emergency physician must methodically search for the unsuspected injury. An appropriate referral should be initiated soon after an injury is determined. The hand surgeon has many considerations and obstacles in flexor tendon repairs, but good to excellent results can be expected in up to 80% of patients if the emergency physician and the hand surgeon work together to ensure an optimal patient outcome.
CSF Markers in Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A positive 14-3-3 protein assay of CSF was observed in 29 of 38 patients with GBS and in 4 with motor neuron disease and other neuropathies studied at Universities of Milan and Verona, Italy.
Multivariate Welch t-test on distances

Motivation Permutational non-Euclidean analysis of variance, PERMANOVA, is routinely used in exploratory analysis of multivariate datasets to draw conclusions about the significance of patterns visualized through dimension reduction. This method recognizes that pairwise distance matrix between observations is sufficient to compute within and between group sums of squares necessary to form the (pseudo) F statistic. Moreover, not only Euclidean, but arbitrary distances can be used. This method, however, suffers from loss of power and type I error inflation in the presence of heteroscedasticity and sample size imbalances. Results We develop a solution in the form of a distance-based Welch t-test, [Formula: see text], for two sample potentially unbalanced and heteroscedastic data. We demonstrate empirically the desirable type I error and power characteristics of the new test. We compare the performance of PERMANOVA and [Formula: see text] in reanalysis of two existing microbiome datasets, where the methodology has originated. Availability and implementation The source code for methods and analysis of this article is available at https://github.com/alekseyenko/Tw2 Further guidance on application of these methods can be obtained from the author. Contact alekseye@musc.edu.
The state of college debate according to a survey of its coaches: data to ground the discussion of debate and civic engagement

ABSTRACTIn 2015, prominent figures from the debate community gathered at Penn State for a Conference on Speech and Debate as Civic Education. Convened in response to a perceived decline in debate’s contributions to civic education, the conference also aimed to start a conversation about the future of debate education. Although a great deal can be learned from anecdotal evidence about trends in debate education, surprisingly little is known about the actual activity of college debate teams across the country. For example, there are no real data about how many tournaments the average college debate team attends each year. In this essay, we present results from the first national survey of college debate coaches concerning the shape and scope of the activity. With a focus on debate’s role in civic education, we present our findings to help ground the emerging conversation about the future of debate.
The Effect of Aging on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homing and Engraftment.

The efficiency with which hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor cells (HPC) home to bone marrow (BM) critically impacts their engraftment after transplantation. Little is known about the effects of aging on this parameter. The present study was thus initiated to test the hypothesis that homing efficiency of HSCs and HPCs to the BM will vary with aging of the donor, recipient, or both. Young or old C57BL/6 BM cells were intravenously injected into lethally irradiated old or young Ly-5 congenic recipient mice. Three or 24 hours later, the numbers of HPCs or HSCs that could be recovered from the BM and spleen were assayed using an in vitro colony-forming cell assay or an in vivo limiting-dilution competitive repopulating unit (CRU) assay and compared to the number of such cells that were initially transplanted. The frequency of CRU in old BM was two-fold higher than that in young BM (~1 per 10,000 vs. 24,000 cells). However, old CRU homed less efficiently to young BM after 24 hours than did young HSCs (3% vs. 10%). The proliferative potential of individual HSCs (measured as the overall level of engraftment in mice transplanted with 1 CRU) did not change with donor age, but was reduced by advanced recipient age, and was also reduced by prior transplantation as observed previously. HSC differentiation potential (defined by the proportion of lymphocytes and myeloid cells in mice transplanted with 1 CRU) was also skewed toward myelopoiesis at the expense of lymphopoiesis with both donor and recipient age. Donor and recipient aging exerted similar effects on the 3 hour BM and spleen seeding efficiency of HPCs, both leading to a 40% decrease in BM homing, and a 5-fold decrease in spleen homing compared with young HPCs transplanted into young recipients. In terms of the rate of hematopoietic engraftment, advanced recipient age resulted in slower erythrocyte and platelet recovery, but moderately accelerated leukocyte regeneration compared with young cells transplanted into young recipients. Conversely, old donor cells exhibited faster leukocyte and platelet recovery, but erythrocyte recovery was essentially unchanged compared to young donor cells. In sum, these data suggest that primitive hematopoietic cells undergo intrinsic aging-related changes in homing efficiency, proliferation/differentiation potential, and engraftment capability that are also extrinsically affected by an older BM microenvironment. These findings have important implications for clinical stem cell transplantation where older individuals often serve as donors for elderly patients.
Analysis of penalized likelihood reconstruction for PET kinetic quantification

Quantification of tracer kinetics using dynamic positron emission tomography provides important information for understanding the physiological and biochemical processes in humans and animals. The common procedure is to reconstruct a sequence of dynamic images first, and then apply kinetic analysis to the time activity curve of a region of interest derived from the reconstructed images. Obviously, the choice of image reconstruction method and its parameters affect the accuracy of the time activity curve and hence the estimated kinetic parameters. This paper analyzes the effects of penalized likelihood image reconstruction on tracer kinetic parameter estimation. Approximate theoretical expressions are derived to study the bias, variance, and ensemble mean squares error of the estimated kinetic parameters. Computer simulations show that these formulae predict correctly the changes of these statistics as functions of the regularization parameter. It is found that the choice of the regularization parameter has a significant impact on kinetic parameter estimation, indicating proper selection of image reconstruction parameters is important for dynamic PET. A practical method has also been developed to use the theoretical formulae to guide the selection of the regularization parameter in dynamic PET image reconstruction.