cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Reordering and Clustering-Based Framework for Efficient XACML Policy Evaluation

The adoption of XACML as the standard for specifying access control policies for various applications, especially web services is vastly increasing. This calls for high performance XACML policy evaluation engines. A policy evaluation engine can easily become a bottleneck when enforcing XACML policies with a large number of rules. In this paper we propose an adaptive approach for XACML policy optimization. We apply a clustering technique to policy sets based on the K-means algorithm. In addition to clustering we find that, since a policy set has a variable number of policies and a policy has a variable number of rules, their ordering is important for efficient execution. By clustering policy sets and reordering policies and rules in a policy set and policies respectively, we formulated and solved the optimal policy execution problem. The proposed clustering technique categorizes policies and rules within a policy set and policy respectively in respect to target subjects. When a request is received, it is redirected to applicable policies and rules that correspond to its subjects; hence, avoiding unnecessary evaluations from occurring. We also propose a usage based framework that computes access request statistics to dynamically optimize the ordering access control to policies within a policy set and rules within a policy. Reordering is applied to categorized policies and rules from our proposed clustering technique. To evaluate the performance of our framework, we conducted extensive experiments on XACML policies. We evaluated separately the improvement due to categorization and to reordering techniques, in order to assess the policy sets targeted by our techniques. The experimental results show that our approach is orders of magnitude more efficient than standard Sun PDP.
Incorporating Immunotherapy Into the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Practical Guidance for the Clinic

Immunotherapy provides unique challenges in the clinic, as nivolumab is a first-in-class agent for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unlike other NSCLC therapies, immunotherapy cannot currently be selected based on a patient’s clinical characteristics or a tumor’s molecular characteristics, although some evidence suggests that programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) may be useful as a molecular biomarker in the future. Histology is currently important to the use of nivolumab because it is only approved in squamous cell NSCLC. However, recent evidence shows a similar survival benefit of nivolumab in nonsquamous disease, so histology will likely not be a distinguishing factor in the future. It has been discovered that immunotherapy often has delayed response kinetics, leading to the development of immune-related response criteria (irRC) in 2009. The irRC have distinguishing characteristics from traditional Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria that prevent physicians from prematurely discontinuing immunotherapy. In addition to these differences in response criteria, the safety profiles of immunotherapeutic agents are distinct from other NSCLC therapies. The toxicities frequently associated with immunotherapies are unlike common chemotherapy toxicities because they are autoimmune in nature. Thus, physicians are presented with the challenge of appropriately identifying and managing these unfamiliar immune-related adverse events.
Simulating Gas-Liquid Flows in an External Loop Airlift Reactor

The external loop airlift reactor (ELALR) is a modified bubble column reactor that is composed of two vertical columns that are connected with two horizontal connectors. Airlift reactors are utilized in fermentation processes and are preferred over traditional bubble column reactors because they can operate over a wider range of conditions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be used to enhance our understanding of the hydrodynamics within these reactors. In the present work, the gas-liquid flow dynamics in an external loop airlift reactor are simulated using CFDLib with an Eulerian-Eulerian ensemble-averaging method in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems. In addition, models are employed for the interphase momentum transfer drag coefficient and turbulence behavior. The CFD simulations for temporal and spatial averaged gas holdup are compared to the experimental measurements of Jones and Heindel [1] who used a 10.2 cm diameter ELALR over a range of superficial gas velocities from 0.5 to 20 cm/s. The effect of specifying a mean bubble diameter size for the CFD modeling is examined. The objectives are to validate 2D and 3D CFD simulations with experimental data in order to predict the hydrodynamics in an airlift reactor for future studies on scale-up and design.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer

bevacizumab, as compared with 10.3 months in the chemotherapy-alone group (hazard ratio for death, 0.79; P = 0.003). The median progression-free survival in the two groups was 6.2 and 4.5 months, respectively (hazard ratio for disease progression, 0.66; P<0.001), with corresponding response rates of 35% and 15% (P<0.001). Rates of clinically significant bleeding were 4.4% and 0.7%, respectively (P<0.001). There were 15 treatment-related deaths in the chemotherapy-plus-bevacizumab group, including 5 from pulmonary hemorrhage. Conclusions The addition of bevacizumab to paclitaxel plus carboplatin in the treatment of selected patients with non–small-cell lung cancer has a significant survival benefit with the risk of increased treatment-related deaths. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00021060.)
Coccidioidomycosis in California State Correctional Institutions

Abstract: Coccidioidomycosis (CM) has been recognized in inmates of California State prisons since 1919, where it has been diagnosed in inmates of various correctional facilities inside and outside the known endemic areas. In recent years construction of new prisons within endemic areas has led to an increase in the number of cases of CM. In 2005 and 2006, the Pleasant Valley State Prison (PVSP) near Coalinga and Avenal State Prison (ASP) near Avenal on the western side of the San Joaquin Valley have been particularly affected. In 2005, our serologic testing yielded 150 new cases from PVSP and 30 from ASP. The incidence rate in 2005 for PVSP (population approximately 5,000) was at least 3,000 per 100,000, and this will be exceeded in 2006. Some cases diagnosed in early 2006 likely were infections that were acquired in 2005. Some cases are medically managed on site, but very ill inmates have had care in nonprison facilities. Precise numbers of patients who were hospitalized were not made available to the author. Estimates of the cost per patient have varied from $8,000 in the 1990s to $30,000 more recently. Thus, this disease has important medical, demographic, and financial implications for the state.
NAD(P)H Oxidase 1, a Product of Differentiated Colon Epithelial Cells, Can Partially Replace Glycoprotein 91phox in the Regulated Production of Superoxide by Phagocytes

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve several physiological functions; in some settings they act in host defense, while in others they function in cellular signaling or in biosynthetic reactions. We studied the expression and function of a recently described source of ROS, NAD(P)H oxidase 1 or Nox1, which has been associated with cell proliferation. In situ hybridization in mouse colon revealed high Nox1 expression within the lower two-thirds of colon crypts, where epithelial cells undergo proliferation and differentiation. Human multitumor tissue array analysis confirmed colon-specific Nox1 expression, predominantly in differentiated epithelial tumors. Differentiation of Caco2 and HT29 cells with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 or IFN-γ enhances Nox1 expression and decreases cell proliferation, suggesting that Nox1 does not function as a mitogenic oxidase in colon epithelial cells. Transduction with retrovirus encoding Nox1 restored activation and differentiation-dependent superoxide production in gp91 phox -deficient PLB-985 cells, indicating close functional similarities to the phagocyte oxidase ( phox ). Furthermore, coexpression of cytosolic components, p47 phox and p67 phox , augments Nox1 activity in reconstituted K562 cells. Finally, Nox1 partially restores superoxide production in neutrophils differentiating ex vivo from gp91 phox -deficient CD34 + peripheral blood-derived stem cells derived from patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. These studies demonstrate a significant functional homology (cofactor-dependent and activation-regulated superoxide production) between Nox1 and its closest homologue, gp91 phox , suggesting that targeted up-regulation of Nox1 expression in phagocytic cells could provide a novel approach in the molecular treatment of chronic granulomatous disease.
State-Sum Invariants of 4-Manifolds

We provide, with proofs, a complete description of the authors' construction of state-sum invariants announced in [CY], and its generalization to an arbitrary (artinian) semisimple tortile category. We also discuss the relationship of these invariants to generalizations of Broda's surgery invariants [Br1,Br2] using techniques developed in the case of the semi-simple sub-quotient of Rep(Uq(sl2)) (q a principal 4rth root of unity) by Roberts [Ro1]. We briefly discuss the generalizations to invariants of 4-manifolds equipped with 2-dimensional (co)homology classes introduced by Yetter [Y6] and Roberts [Ro2].
Acute erythroderma as an exclusion criterion for idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia.

Background: Idiopathic CD4 + T lymphocytopenia is defined as a CD4 + T lymphocytopenia of less than 0.3X10 9 /L that is not associated with human immunodeficiency virus, other immunodeficiency, or immunosuppressive therapy. The associated clinical course and laboratory findings are variable. We describe a subset of patients whose peripheral CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia was transient, and suggest a pathomechanism for this phenomenon. Observations: We describe three patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, atopic dermatitis, or psoriasis in whom acute erythroderma was concomitant with a peripheral CD4 + T lymphocytopenia that normalized after resolution of the erythroderma. Immunoperoxidase staining of skin biopsy specimens and quantitative estimation of CD4 + T lymphocytes in the cutane- ous and peripheral blood compartments demonstrated that the peripheral CD4 + T lymphocytopenia in these cases most probably resulted from sequestration of CD4 + T lymphocytes in the skin. The skin of an erythrodermic patient appears capable of sequestering 10 10 to 10 11 CD4 + T lymphocytes, whereas the peripheral blood compartment contains in the range of 10 9 CD4 + T lymphocytes. Conclusions: We propose that CD4 + T lymphocytopenia can occur as a result of acute erythroderma of multiple causes and that acute erythroderma associated with transient CD4 + T lymphocytopenia be considered as an exclusion criterion for idiopathic peripheral blood CD4 + T lymphocytopenia. (Arch Dermatol. 1994;130:1530-1533)
Parental Perceived Control Over Caregiving and Its Relationship to Parent–Infant Interaction

In this sample of 66 dual-earner mothers and fathers and their 1-year-old infants, associations among parental ratings of infant difficulty, parental perceived control over caregiving outcomes, and parental sensitive and directive behavior were examined during a triadic free-play session in the home. Perceived infant difficulty was related to maternal directiveness for mothers with low perceived control. Fathers with low perceived control exhibited more directiveness, regardless of their ratings of infant difficulty. For both mothers and fathers, there was a negative association between sensitivity and directiveness but no association between sensitive behavior and parental perceived control. Although parents scored similarly overall on various other measures, mothers with low perceived control demonstrated more categorical thinking about children's development than other mothers.
Estimating abundance of Sitka black‐tailed deer using DNA from fecal pellets

Densely vegetated environments have hindered collection of basic population parameters on forest-dwelling ungulates. Our objective was to develop a mark—recapture technique that used DNA from fecal pellets to overcome constraints associated with estimating abundance of ungulates in landscapes where direct observation is difficult. We tested our technique on Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in the temperate coastal rainforest of Southeast Alaska. During 2006–2008, we sampled fecal pellets of deer along trail transects in 3 intensively logged watersheds on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. We extracted DNA from the surface of fecal pellets and used microsatellite markers to identify individual deer. With genotypes of individual deer, we estimated abundance of deer with moderate precision (±20%) using mark—recapture models. Combining all study sites, we identified a 30% (SE = 5.1%) decline in abundance during our 3-year study, which we attributed to 3 consecutive severe winters. We determined that deer densities in managed land logged >30 years ago (7 deer/km2, SE = 1.3) supported fewer deer compared to both managed land logged <30 years ago (10 deer/km2, SE = 1.5) and unmanaged land (12 deer/km2, SE = 1.4). Our study provides the first estimates of abundance (based on individually identified deer) for Sitka black-tailed deer and the first estimates of abundance of an unenclosed ungulate population using DNA from fecal pellets. Our tool enables managers to accurately and precisely estimate the abundance of deer in densely vegetated habitats using a non-invasive approach.
What happens next?: a claims database study of second-line pharmacotherapy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who initiate selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment

The objective of this research was to examine treatment patterns and health-care costs associated with second-step pharmacotherapy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who initiated monotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in 2010. This claims database study analyzed patients diagnosed with MDD who were prescribed a monotherapy SSRI, with the first prescription identified as the index date. Patients were required to be ≥18 years old, to have continuous insurance coverage from 1 year prior (pre-index) through 1 year post (post-index) from the index date, and to have not received an antidepressant in the pre-index period. The analyses are descriptive of the patient characteristics, initial SSRI prescribed, most commonly prescribed second-step therapies, and annualized health-care costs. The identified patients (N = 5,012) were predominantly female (65.2%) with a mean age of 41.9 years. The most frequent index SSRIs were citalopram (30.1%) and sertraline (27.5%), and 52.9% of patients were prescribed a second-step pharmacotherapy during the post-index period. Add-on therapy occurred twice more frequently than switching treatments, with either anxiolytics (40.2%) or antidepressants (37.1%) as the most common classes of add-on pharmacological therapies. Patients who added a second medication or switched therapies had higher annualized medical costs compared with patients who continued their index SSRI or discontinued treatment. For patients who were initially treated with an SSRI therapy, approximately half were prescribed a second-step treatment. In this comprehensive claims analysis, many of these patients experienced the addition of second medication, rather than switching to a new therapy. Given the type of medications used, it is possible that second-step interventions were targeted toward resolution of residual symptoms; however, this work is limited by the use of claims data without information on dosing or clinical symptoms, side effects, or response. Findings from this study set the expectation that physicians and patients will most likely need to partner for additional interventions in order to achieve remission.
Low‐temperature dynamic nuclear polarization of gases in Frozen mixtures

PURPOSE To present a new cryogenic technique for preparing gaseous compounds in solid mixtures for polarization using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). METHODS (129) Xe and (15) N2 O samples were prepared using the presented method. Samples were hyperpolarized at 1.42K at 5 Tesla. (129) Xe was polarized at 1.65K and 1.42K to compare enhancement. Polarization levels for both samples and T1 relaxation times for the (129) Xe sample were measured. Sample pulverization for the (129) Xe and controlled annealing for both samples were introduced as additional steps in sample preparation. RESULTS Enhancement increased by 15% due to a temperature drop from 1.65K to 1.42K for the (129) Xe sample. A polarization level of 20 ± 3% for the (129) Xe sample was achieved, a two-fold increase from 10 ± 1% after pulverization of the sample at 1.42K. T1 of the (129) Xe sample was increased by more than three-fold by means of annealing. In the case of (15) N2 O, annealing led to a ∼two-fold increase in the signal level after DNP. CONCLUSION The presented technique for producing and manipulating solid gas/glassing agent/radical mixtures for DNP led to high polarization levels in (129) Xe and (15) N2 O samples. These methods show potential for polarizing other gases using DNP technology. Magn Reson Med 76:1007-1014, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of food stamp cashout on undernutrition

Abstract We investigate the effect of food stamp cashout on undernutrition using household data from cashout experiments in Alabama and San Diego, California. We apply dominance methods to test for differences in nutrient distributions at or below the recommended dietary allowances.
Applications and Comparison of Continuous Wavelet Transforms on Analysis of A-wave Impulse Noise

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a serious occupational related health problem worldwide. The A-wave impulse noise could cause severe hearing loss, and characteristics of such kind of impulse noise in the joint time-frequency (T-F) domain are critical for evaluation of auditory hazard level. This study focuses on the analysis of A-wave impulse noise in the T-F domain using continual wavelet transforms. Three different wavelets, referring to Morlet, Mexican hat, and Meyer wavelets, were investigated and compared based on theoretical analysis and applications to experimental generated A-wave impulse noise signals. The underlying theory of continuous wavelet transform was given and the temporal and spectral resolutions were theoretically analyzed. The main results showed that the Mexican hat wavelet demonstrated significant advantages over the Morlet and Meyer wavelets for the characterization and analysis of the A-wave impulse noise. The results of this study provide useful information for applying wavelet transform on signal processing of the A-wave impulse noise.
How Much Can I Lose by this Time Next Year

A firm’s managers can measure a company’s risk exposure in several ways. This teaching note illustrates another measure of risk: How much can the firm lose by this time next year?
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases with SERRS Nanoparticles

The accurate detection of lymph node metastases in prostate cancer patients is important to direct treatment decisions. Our goal was to develop an intraoperative imaging approach to distinguish normal from metastasized lymph nodes. We aimed at developing and testing gold-silica surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) nanoparticles that demonstrate high uptake within normal lymphatic tissue and negligible uptake in areas of metastatic replacement. We evaluated the ability of SERRS nanoparticles to delineate lymph node metastases in an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model using PC-3 cells transduced with mCherry fluorescent protein. Tumor-bearing mice (n = 6) and non-tumor-bearing control animals (n = 4) were injected intravenously with 30 fmol/g SERRS nanoparticles. After 16–18 h, the retroperitoneal lymph nodes were scanned in situ and ex vivo with a Raman imaging system and a handheld Raman scanner and data corroborated with fluorescence imaging for mCherry protein expression and histology. The SERRS nanoparticles demonstrated avid homing to normal lymph nodes, but not to metastasized lymph nodes. In cases where lymph nodes were partially infiltrated by tumor cells, the SERRS signal correctly identified, with sub-millimeter precision, healthy from metastasized components. This study serves as a first proof-of-principle that SERRS nanoparticles enable high precision and rapid intraoperative discrimination between normal and metastasized lymph nodes.
A view from Africa: Edmondo De Amicis and the formation of a national identity in post-unification Italy

As a writer of travelogues from Europe, Morocco and Constantinople, Edmondo De Amicis is unique in his ability to combine descriptions of foreign places and peoples with impressions regarding his o...
Regulation of Wnt signaling target gene expression by the histone methyltransferase DOT1L.

The histone methyltransferase DOT1L, solely responsible for histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methylation, is associated with gene activation. Human leukemias carrying MLL gene rearrangements aberrantly recruit DOT1L to leukemogenic genes leading to increased H3K79 methylation and their transcriptional activation. Recent studies suggest that Wnt-targeted genes also depend on H3K79 methylation. Employing a chemical biology approach, the requirement for H3K79 methylation was investigated in Wnt pathway-inducible HEK293 cells and human colon adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines by inhibiting DOT1L with EPZ004777, a selective and potent S-adenosylmethionine competitive inhibitor. Our findings indicate that H3K79 methylation is not essential for the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, in particular for maintenance or activation of Wnt pathway target gene expression. Furthermore, H3K79 methylation is not elevated in human colon carcinoma samples in comparison with normal colon tissue. Therefore, our findings indicate that...
Maple Syrup Disease: Diagnosis and Therapy

Infants at high risk for maple syrup disease (MSD) were identified by family history and molecular testing for the Y393N mutation of the E1a subunit of the branched chain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase in a study at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Acute respiratory infections in children.

In the first month of life, most respiratory disorders are not infectious. But bacteria and viruses may be transmitted from the mother's bloodstream or vagina or from the nursery. In children a month to a year old, bronchiolitis is the most common infection of the lower respiratory tract requiring hospitalization. Many agents infect the lungs of older children, but respiroviruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the most common.
Intradiscal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for discogenic low back pain: an update

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of clinical and translational research on intradiscal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a minimally invasive treatment for discogenic low back pain. A literature review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies was performed. There is strong in vitro evidence that supports the use of intradiscal PRP for discogenic low back pain. There are also promising findings in select preclinical animal studies. A clinical study of 29 participants who underwent intradiscal PRP injections for discogenic low back pain found statistically and clinically significant improvements in pain and function through two years of follow-up. Intradiscal PRP is a safe and a possibly effective treatment for discogenic low back pain. Future studies are warranted to determine the best candidates for this treatment, what the optimal injectate is and what relationships exist between patient-reported outcomes and radiological findings.
Reviews on the Effect of Alloying Elements in Hot-dip Galvanizing Melt

The addition of microalloying elements in hot-dip galvanizing melt has important influence on the properties,microstructure and appearance of zinc coating.In this paper,effects of 11 kinds of alloying elements including aluminum,silicon,magnesium and rare earth on the coatings'corrosion resistance were introduced.And the latest theoretical research studies at domestic and abroad were also reviewed.These research results would have a guiding significance on the alloying of hot-dip galvanizing melt.
Fuzzy Adaptive Control Applied in Feed Water Control of Supercritical Unit

The feed water control plan of CCS is analyzed and optimized using the example of first phase project 2×660MW supercritical unit of Xuangang power plant.The problem of mismatch of feed water pump and hydraulic coupler are analyzed.The feed water control plan based on fuzzy adaptive PID is proposed.
Topographical and temporal patterns of brain activity during the transition from wakefulness to sleep.

Changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power, coherence and frequency were examined for the last minute of wakefulness and the first minute of sleep via topographical mapping. Data were also analyzed across sequential 1-minute samples of wake, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep. Not all brain regions exhibited the same EEG changes during the transition and not all brain regions were found to change at the same time. Brain sites closest to the midline (e.g. F4, C4, P4, O2) showed significant changes in EEG power (increases in theta and decreases in alpha power) during the transition to sleep, whereas brain sites most lateral to the midline (e.g. Fp2, F8, T4) showed little change. Decreases in alpha coherence were observed from wakefulness to sleep for brain site comparisons furthest away from each other (e.g. T3 vs. T4, T5 vs. T6, F7 vs. F8, F3 vs. O1, F4 vs. O2). Spectral analysis of EEG activity revealed that the time of significant change in EEG power varies among brain regions. Decreases in alpha power continued to occur later into the transition period for the posterior regions of the brain (O2, P4).
MO-FG-CAMPUS-JeP1-05: Water Equivalent Path Length Calculations Using Scatter-Corrected Head and Neck CBCT Images to Evaluate Patients for Adaptive Proton Therapy

Purpose: To establish a method to evaluate the dosimetric impact of anatomic changes in head and neck patients during proton therapy by using scatter-corrected cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. Methods: The water equivalent path length (WEPL) was calculated to the distal edge of PTV contours by using tomographic images available for six head and neck patients received photon therapy. The proton range variation was measured by calculating the difference between the distal WEPLs calculated with the planning CT and weekly treatment CBCT images. By performing an automatic rigid registration, six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) correction was made to the CBCT images to account for the patient setup uncertainty. For accurate WEPL calculations, an existing CBCT scatter correction algorithm, whose performance was already proven for phantom images, was calibrated for head and neck patient images. Specifically, two different image similarity measures, mutual information (MI) and mean square error (MSE), were tested for the deformable image registration (DIR) in the CBCT scatter correction algorithm. Results: The impact of weight loss was reflected in the distal WEPL differences with the aid of the automatic rigid registration reducing the influence of patient setup uncertainty on the WEPL calculation results. The WEPL difference averaged over distal area was 2.9 ± 2.9 (mm) across all fractions of six patients and its maximum, mostly found at the last available fraction, was 6.2 ± 3.4 (mm). The MSE-based DIR successfully registered each treatment CBCT image to the planning CT image. On the other hand, the MI-based DIR deformed the skin voxels in the planning CT image to the immobilization mask in the treatment CBCT image, most of which was cropped out of the planning CT image. Conclusion: The dosimetric impact of anatomic changes was evaluated by calculating the distal WEPL difference with the existing scatter-correction algorithm appropriately calibrated. Jihun Kim, Yang-Kyun Park, Gregory Sharp, and Brian Winey have received grant support from the NCI Federal Share of program income earned by Massachusetts General Hospital on C06 CA059267, Proton Therapy Research and Treatment Center.
Designing a Web-Based Application to Train Aging Adults to Successfully Use Technologies Important to Independent Living

The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot-test a web-based application that could train a diverse group of aging adults to more successfully use technologies vital to functional tasks and independent, everyday living. The training application simulated the use of automatic teller machines (ATMs) and the use of a mobile phone to call and fill a prescription. Thirty-two adults (age range 28–71, 63 % aged 55+) were assessed at baseline on functional task performance by being given an ATM task and a prescription task assessment to complete. Participants then underwent 2 weeks of training before being given a follow-up assessment; informal evaluation interviews were also administered. Overall, participants found it easy to use the training interface and that the presentation of material was favorable, however some would have preferred less repetition in training tasks. Recommendations on application-development and design as well as training structure are discussed.
Sexuality and Aging

Sexuality is a relatively neglected topic in discussions of aging. Recent research indicates that continuing sexual expression is an important contributor to health and well-being throughout life. Aging-related physiological changes do not inevitably result in declining sexual function. Many aging persons remain sexually active. Levels of activity depend on individual and couple physical and mental health, attitudes about sex in later life, relationship status and quality, and socioeconomic context. Adults need information about maintaining sexual activity and relationships throughout life. Healthcare professionals need education and the willingness to discuss sexuality with older patients. Keywords: aging and development psychology; gender; sexuality; sexual behavior
What do humans perceive in asset returns

In this article, the authors run experiments to test if and how human subjects can differentiate time series of actual asset returns from time series that are generated synthetically via various processes, including AR1. In contrast with previous anecdotal evidence, they find that subjects can distinguish between the two. These results show that temporal charts of asset prices convey to investors information that cannot be reproduced by summary statistics. They also provide a first refutation based on human perception of a strong form of the efficient-market hypothesis. Their experiments are implemented via an online video game (http://arora.ccs.neu.edu). The authors also link the subjects’ performance to statistical properties of the data and investigate whether subjects improve performance while playing.
An in vitro scaffold-free epithelial-fibroblast coculture model for the larynx.

Objectives/Hypothesis Physiologically relevant, well-characterized in vitro vocal fold coculture models are needed to test the effects of various challenges and therapeutics on vocal fold physiology. We characterize a healthy state coculture model, created by using bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells and immortalized vocal fold fibroblasts. We also demonstrate that this model can be induced into a fibroplastic state to overexpress stress fibers using TGFβ1. Study Design In vitro. Methods Cell metabolic activity of immortalized human vocal fold fibroblasts incubated in different medium combinations was confirmed with an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Fibroblasts were grown to confluence, and primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells suspended in coculture medium were seeded directly over the base layer of the fibroblasts. Cells were treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) to induce myofibroblast formation. Cell shape and position were confirmed by live cell tracking, fibrosis was confirmed by probing for α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and phenotype was confirmed by immunostaining for vimentin and E-cadherin. Results Fibroblasts retain metabolic activity in coculture epithelial medium. Live cell imaging revealed a layer of epithelial cells atop fibroblasts. αSMA expression was enhanced in TGFβ1-treated cells, confirming that both cell types maintained a healthy phenotype in coculture, and can be induced into overexpressing stress fibers. Vimentin and E-cadherin immunostaining show that cells retain phenotype in coculture. Conclusions These data lay effective groundwork for a functional coculture model that retains the reproducibility necessary to serve as a viable diagnostic and therapeutic screening platform. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 127:E185–E192, 2017
Carbon dynamics of river corridors and the effects of human alterations

Research in stream metabolism, gas exchange, and sediment dynamics indicates that rivers are an active component of the global carbon cycle and that river form and process can influence partitioning of terrestrially derived carbon among the atmosphere, geosphere, and ocean. Here we develop a conceptual model of carbon dynamics (inputs, outputs, and storage of organic carbon) within a river corridor, which includes the active channel and the riparian zone. The exchange of carbon from the channel to the riparian zone represents potential for storage of transported carbon not included in the “active pipe” model of organic carbon (OC) dynamics in freshwater systems. The active pipe model recognizes that river processes influence carbon dynamics, but focuses on CO2 emissions from the channel and eventual delivery to the ocean. We also review how human activities directly and indirectly alter carbon dynamics within river corridors. We propose that dams create the most significant alteration of carbon dynamics within a channel, but that alteration of riparian zones, including the reduction of lateral connectivity between the channel and riparian zone, constitutes the most substantial change of carbon dynamics in river corridors. We argue that the morphology and processes of a river corridor regulate the ability to store, transform, and transport OC, and that people are pervasive modifiers of river morphology and processes. The net effect of most human activities, with the notable exception of reservoir construction, appears to be that of reducing the ability of river corridors to store OC within biota and sediment, which effectively converts river corridors to OC sources rather than OC sinks. We conclude by summarizing knowledge gaps in OC dynamics and the implications of our findings for managing OC dynamics within river corridors.
A Unified Electronic Tool for CPR and Emergency Treatment Escalation Plans Improves Communication and Early Collaborative Decision Making for Acute Hospital Admissions

The National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcomes and Death (NCEPOD) report 'Time to Intervene' (2012) stated that in a substantial number of cases, resuscitation is attempted when it was thought a 'do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation' (DNACPR) decision should have been in place. Early decisions about CPR status and advance planning about limits of care now form part of national recommendations by the UK Resuscitation Council (2016). Treatment escalation plans (TEP) document what level of treatment intervention would be appropriate if a patient were to become acutely unwell and were not previously formally in place at King's College Hospital. A unifying paper based form was successfully piloted in the Acute Medical Unit, introducing the TEP and bringing together decision making around both treatment escalation and CPR status. Subsequently an electronic order-set for CPR status and treatment escalation was launched in April 2015 which led to a highly visible CPR and escalation status banner on the main screen at the top of the patient's electronic record. Ultimately due to further iterations in the electronic process by December 2016, all escalation decisions for acutely admitted patients now have high quality supporting, explanatory documentation with 100% having TEPs in place. There is now widespread multidisciplinary engagement in the process of defining limits of care for acutely admitted medical patients within the first 14 hours of admission and a strategy for rolling this process out across all the divisions of the hospital through our Deteriorating Patient Group (DPG). The collaborative design with acute medical, palliative and intensive care teams and the high visibility provided by the electronic process in the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) has enhanced communication with these teams, patients, nursing staff and the multidisciplinary team by ensuring clarity through a universally understood process about escalation and CPR. Clarity and openness about these discussions have been welcomed by patient focus groups facilitated via our acute medicine patient experience committee. There has been a shift in medical culture where transparency about limits of care has contributed to improving patient safety and quality of care through reducing unnecessary CPR supported by focus groups of staff.
Thermal adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in a warming world: Insights from common garden experiments on Alaskan sockeye salmon.

An important unresolved question is how populations of coldwater-dependent fishes will respond to rapidly warming water temperatures. For example, the culturally and economically important group, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), experience site-specific thermal regimes during early development that could be disrupted by warming. To test for thermal local adaptation and heritable phenotypic plasticity in Pacific salmon embryos, we measured the developmental rate, survival, and body size at hatching in two populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that overlap in timing of spawning but incubate in contrasting natural thermal regimes. Using a split half-sibling design, we exposed embryos of 10 families from each of two populations to variable and constant thermal regimes. These represented both experienced temperatures by each population, and predicted temperatures under plausible future conditions based on a warming scenario from the downscaled global climate model (MIROC A1B scenario). We did not find evidence of thermal local adaptation during the embryonic stage for developmental rate or survival. Within treatments, populations hatched within 1 day of each other, on average, and among treatments, did not differ in survival in response to temperature. We did detect plasticity to temperature; embryos developed 2.5 times longer (189 days) in the coolest regime compared to the warmest regime (74 days). We also detected variation in developmental rates among families within and among temperature regimes, indicating heritable plasticity. Families exhibited a strong positive relationship between thermal variability and phenotypic variability in developmental rate but body length and mass at hatching were largely insensitive to temperature. Overall, our results indicated a lack of thermal local adaptation, but a presence of plasticity in populations experiencing contrasting conditions, as well as family-specific heritable plasticity that could facilitate adaptive change.
Developing a molecular picture of soil organic matter-mineral interactions by quantifying organo-mineral binding.

Long residence times of soil organic matter have been attributed to reactive mineral surface sites that sorb organic species and cause inaccessibility due to physical isolation and chemical stabilization at the organic–mineral interface. Instrumentation for probing this interface is limited. As a result, much of the micron- and molecular-scale knowledge about organic–mineral interactions remains largely qualitative. Here we report the use of force spectroscopy to directly measure the binding between organic ligands with known chemical functionalities and soil minerals in aqueous environments. By systematically studying the role of organic functional group chemistry with model minerals, we demonstrate that chemistry of both the organic ligand and mineral contribute to values of binding free energy and that changes in pH and ionic strength produce significant differences in binding energies. These direct measurements of molecular binding provide mechanistic insights into organo–mineral interactions, which could potentially inform land-carbon models that explicitly include mineral-bound C pools. Most molecular scale knowledge on soil organo–mineral interactions remains qualitative due to instrument limitations. Here, the authors use force spectroscopy to directly measure free binding energy between organic ligands and minerals and find that both chemistry and environmental conditions affect binding.
Decentralized controller design for microgrids in islanded and grid-connected modes

Microgrids are key elements for integrating renewable resources as well as distributed energy storage systems as green sources of electricity. However, the presence of controllers is indispensable in confronting the intermittency and variable operation of renewable resources. This paper explores the control of active and reactive power flow through two modes of microgrid operations, namely islanded and grid-connected modes. A distributed primary-secondary controller was proposed to dynamically share power between parallel distributed energy resources (DERs). Additionally, a tertiary controller was implemented to make full use of renewable generation and optimal power flow inside the microgrid. The studies were conducted in the time-domain, using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software environment. The study results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach for sharing loads inside a microgrid.
Controlling Acyl Transfer Reactions of Hydrolases to Alter Food Constituents

The hydrolases represent a large and diverse group of enzymes that play major roles in food processing and in the storage life of foods. More than 1500 hydrolases have been characterized in detail (Enzyme Nomenclature Committee 1979). They act to hydrolyze a wide variety of substrate molecules ranging from the cleavage of a specific bond in a simple substrate to multiple bonds in a variety of macro-molecules. Endogenous as well as exogenous (added during processing or associated with microorganisms in food) hydrolases can be key components in the conversion of raw materials and ingredients into food products. Their action on available substrates can alter the texture, flavor, odor, and color of food systems to yield desirable food products. On the other hand, insufficient, excessive, or unwanted hydrolase activities can lead to undesirable quality attributes, including food spoilage. The food scientist must control the action of hydrolytic and other enzymes in foods in order to produce traditional and new food products and to maximize the storage stabilities of foods. An understanding of hydrolases at a more mechanistic level can supply the food scientist with insights to better control hydrolase activities and to design better processes and products.
X-Cut Lithium Niobate Laterally Vibrating MEMS Resonator With Figure of Merit of 1560

This letter reports on the design, fabrication, and testing of an X-cut lithium niobate laterally vibrating resonator operating around 50 MHz and exhibiting a record figure of merit–FoM = product of electromechanical coupling ( $k_{t}^{2}$ ) and quality factor at a resonance ( $Q_{s}$ )–of 1560. For practical applications, the individual resonator is arranged in a large array so as to achieve a static capacitance around 1 pF, while still preserving a high FoM of 570. Modeling of anchor losses through finite element analysis is used to guide the design of these resonators, which simultaneously exhibit high electromechanical coupling ( $k_{t}^{2} > 30$ %) and high quality factor ( $Q_{s} > 5000$ ) in vacuum.l [2018-0097]
Remote Raman Scattering Probes

One of the promising methods of remotely sensing molecular concentrations in the atmosphere is Raman LIDAR. LIDAR is an acronym for Light Detectection And Ranging. The principle is similar to RADAR; a laser is used as the source of radiation and an optical telescope as the receiver. In this talk I will describe several field LIDAR systems and the results they provide. In particular, I will point out the advantages provided by Raman LIDAR observations for measurements of atmospheric transmissivity, particle loading, and concentrations of trace constituents.
Red Blood Cell Zinc Protoporphyrin to Evaluate Anemia Risk in Deferred Blood Donors

A large proportion of potential blood donors who are deferred are inappropriate to be donors because of unreliable predonation anemia screening methods. In this study, venous hemoglobin concentrations were within acceptable limits in 71% of 275 anemia deferrals. Red blood cell zinc protoporphyrin (RBC ZP) was evaluated as a screening test to improve the accuracy of detecting anemia in prospective blood donors. The frequency of abnormally low venous hemoglobin concentrations in anemia deferrals having fingerstick capillary microhematocrit (MH) values within 3% of the minimum requirement, together with normal RBC ZP levels (less than 53 micrograms/dL [0.943 mumol/L] RBC), was 2%, and not significantly different from the prevalence of venous anemia observed in eligible blood donors. Anemia deferrals with elevated RBC ZP results had a significantly increased rate of iron depletion and anemia. Capillary RBC ZP measurements in combination with the MH test have the potential to safely decrease inappropriate anemia deferrals.
Drag and Inertia Loads on Cylinders

Oscillating cylinder results are compared with wave tank results for both regular and random waves and the agreement is found to be quite good. Also, oscillating cylinder results are found to be well-represented by a simple wake model.
Foundations of Psychodynamic Therapy: Implicit Emotional Learning

At its core, psychotherapy is about helping a person to make meaningful, enduring changes. Although change can come about in many ways and for many reasons, enduring change depends on learning. How does a psychotherapist facilitate learning so that there is enduring change in a patient’s experience and/or behavior? Though therapists are concerned to varying degrees with multiple aspects of a patient’s cognition, motivation, and emotional experience, change ultimately depends on learning – the acquisition of new knowledge that alters existing representations and expectations.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF ORAL GABAPENTIN IN CARIBBEAN FLAMINGOS (PHOENICOPTERUS RUBER RUBER)

Abstract Gabapentin is a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain and adjunct anticonvulsant medication in humans and other species. Gabapentin may have advantages over other analgesics because of its broad therapeutic range with limited adverse effects and wide availability as an oral formulation. This study determined the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) after a single-dose oral administration of either 15 mg/kg (n = 6) or 25 mg/kg (n = 6). Plasma gabapentin concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using noncompartmental methods. Respectively for the 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg dose, mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was (mean ± pseudo SD) 13.23 ± 1.47 and 24.48 ± 5.81 μg/ml; mean time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) was 0.50 ± 0.24 and 0.56 ± 0.28 hr; mean area under the curve (AUC) was 76.0 ± 26.3 and 114.7 ± 27.5 hr·μg/ml; and mean terminal half-life (T1/2) was 3.3...
The Manifestations of Social Class in Organizations

This symposium examines individuals’ social class as a possibly critical, yet largely ignored, construct in management research. Although an individual’s social class has been found to be a theoret...