cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 63rd Edinburgh International Film Festival

Despite celebrating its 63rd birthday with a stupendously underwhelming Opening Night film (Sam Mendes' Away We Go ), the Edinburgh International Film Festival isn't ready for retirement yet. Allegedly a comedy, Away We Go is yet another shoe-gazing mope through the lives of a couple of middle-class, thirty-something slackers and the existential crisis they face as they try to get to grips with adulthood and figure out the best place to settle down and spawn. Directed on autopilot by Sam Mendes, Away We Go is the type of laid-back, unfunny, comedy mumbleathon normally made by earnest young indie directors and starring earnest, young indie actors with names like Zooey. Full of the kind of loveably eccentric kooks you'd cheerfully garrotte if they existed anywhere outside of smug, self-satisfied films like this, Away We Go is like being stuck at a dinner party full of Guardian columnists. And not the fun ones like Charlie Brooker. No, we're talking about the whiny, spoilt ones like Lucy Mangan. Hopefully at some point in the future, some genius will decide to programme Away We Go as one half of a double bill with Sam's recent laugh-fest Revolutionary Road . Far funnier was Justin Molotnikov's dark, little Scottish film Crying With Laughter . Equal parts black comedy and Cape Fear -style revenge thriller, Crying With Laughter charts the worst week in Edinburgh stand-up comic Joey Frisk's (Stephen McCole) life as a chance meeting with old school friend Frank (Malcolm Shields) leads to him being made homeless, framed for attempted murder, and involved in a kidnapping as old scores are settled and the guilty are punished. Scots actor Stephen McCole is fantastic as the put-upon comic and his performance is hilariously un-PC and subtly vulnerable with Shields a sympathetic, if relentless, villain and the final revelation, while …
Email archive analysis through graphical visualization

The analysis of the vast storehouse of email content accumulated or produced by individual users has received relatively little attention other than for specific tasks such as spam and virus filtering. Current email analysis in standard client applications consists of keyword based matching techniques for filtering and expert driven manual exploration of email files. We have implemented a tool, called the Email Mining Toolkit (EMT) for analyzing email archives which includes a graphical display to explore relationships between users and groups of email users. The chronological flow of an email message can be analyzed by EMT. Our design goal is to embed the technology into standard email clients, such as Outlook, revealing far more information about a user's own email history than is otherwise now possible. In this paper we detail the visualization techniques implemented in EMT. We show the utility of these tools and underlying models for detecting email misuse such as viral propagation, and spam spread as examples.
Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Is It Time for a New Terminology?

Purpose To review the diagnostic categories of a group of conditions referred to as “primary acquired melanosis.” Design Literature review on the subject and proposal of an alternative diagnostic schema with histopathologic and immunohistochemical illustrations. Methods Standard hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections and immunohistochemical stains for MART-1, HMB-45, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF), and Ki-67 for calculating the proliferation index are illustrated. Results “Melanosis” is an inadequate and misleading term because it does not distinguish between conjunctival intraepithelial melanin overproduction (“hyperpigmentation”) and intraepithelial melanocytic proliferation. It is recommended that “intraepithelial melanocytic proliferation” be adopted for histopathologic diagnosis. Atypical proliferations are characterized either by bloated dendritic melanocytes with enlarged cell components (dendrites, cell bodies, and nuclei) or by epithelioid melanocytes without dendrites. Atypical polygonal or epithelioid pagetoid cells may reach higher levels of the epithelium beyond the basal layer. Immunohistochemistry defines the degree of melanocytic proliferation or the cellular shape (dendritic or nondendritic) (MART-1, HMB-45) or identifies the melanocytic nuclei (MiTF). Intraepithelial melanocytic proliferation without atypia represents increased numbers of normal-appearing dendritic melanocytes (hyperplasia or early neoplasia) that generally remain confined to the basal/basement membrane region. Intraepithelial nonproliferative melanocytic pigmentation signifies the usually small number of conjunctival basal dendritic melanocytes that synthesize increased amounts of melanin that is transferred to surrounding keratinocytes. Conclusion All pre- and postoperative biopsies of flat conjunctival melanocytic disorders should be evaluated immunohistochemically if there is any question regarding atypicality. This should lead to a clearer microscopic descriptive diagnosis that is predicated on an analysis of the participating cell types and their architectural patterns. This approach is conducive to a better appreciation of features indicating when to intervene therapeutically. An accurate early diagnosis should forestall unnecessary later surgery.
Complete Genome of Bacillus megaterium Podophage Page.

ABSTRACT Bacillus megaterium is a Gram-positive, spore-forming saprophytic inhabitant of diverse environments. It is a reservoir for industrial chemical production and is emerging as a model organism for studying sporulation and protein localization. Here, we introduce the complete genome of Page, a novel podophage infecting B. megaterium.
Politics of Identity and Space: Representational Dynamics

This study adopted a symbolic interactionist perspective to examine representational dynamics of a given contested space in which social agents and institutions interact to commodify cultural identity for touristic purposes; it does so by examining the toured Puerto Rican neighborhood of Humboldt Park, Chicago. Interviews conducted with 14 Puerto Rican community members revealed that the awareness of past gentrification experiences as well as current impending gentrification have shaped how agents residing in Humboldt Park represent their neighborhoods’ cultural identity for tourism purposes in three main ways. First, respondents invoke historical detail to represent themselves to tourists as the legitimate residents of Humboldt Park. Second, respondents call on elaborate architectural features to construct representations that affirm their cultural identity through space demarcation. Third, respondents favor tourism representations that focus on the neighborhood’s rich legacy, presence, and persistence i...
Rare Disasters and Risk Attitudes: International Differences and Implications for Integrated Assessment Modeling

Evaluation of public policies with uncertain economic outcomes should consider society's preferences regarding risk. However, the preference models used in most integrated assessment models, including those commonly used to inform climate policy, do not adequately characterize the risk attitudes revealed by typical investment decisions. Here, we adopt an empirical approach to risk preference description using international historical data on investment returns and the occurrence of rare economic disasters. We improve on earlier analyses by employing a hierarchical Bayesian inference procedure that allows for nation-specific estimates of both disaster probabilities and preference parameters. This provides a stronger test of the underlying investment model than provided by previous calibrations and generates some compelling hypotheses for further study. Specifically, results suggest that society is substantially more averse to risk than typically assumed in integrated assessment models. In addition, there appear to be systematic differences in risk preferences among nations. These results are likely to have important implications for policy recommendations: higher aversion to risk increases the precautionary value of taking action to avoid low-probability, high-impact outcomes. However, geographically variable attitudes toward risk indicate that this precautionary value could vary widely across nations, thereby potentially complicating the negotiation of transboundary agreements focused on risk reduction.
Optical transmission of polymer pillars for chip I/O optical interconnections

In the pursuit of high-density wafer-level input-output optical interconnections, microscopic polymer pillars have recently been fabricated. The optical performance of these pillars is critical for their potential application to gigascale integration. In the present work, the optical transmission of these pillars is analyzed and measured. It is shown that these polymer pillars act as precision many-moded waveguides, thus, verifying the cross-sectional uniformity, smoothness of surfaces, and optical quality of the material.
The Elusive User: Changing Use Patterns in Academic Libraries 1995 to 2004

This article documents changes in library use during the past decade. Data from professional organizations reveal that circulation use has declined slightly, with notable variations in health and law and at individual institutions, including the Ivy League. Reference use has declined more steeply. Electronic use has skyrocketed, but counting use remains problematic. The HOLLIS Plus counting results at Harvard University are highlighted. Electronic Serials expenditures at academic research libraries (ARL) suggest that electronic use will continue to expand unabated. Major studies profiling users are cited. Notable benefits are predicted as the shifted librarian and the elusive user interact in virtual space.
Fernando Curiel. La querella de Martín Luis Guzmán. México: Oasis, 1987.

En este notable estudio de la obra de Martin Luis Guzman destaca la combinacion de rigor analitico e interes tematico. Fernando Curiel senala seis titulos como "claramente ensayos": La querella de Mexico (1915), A orillas del Hudson (1920), Otras paginas (1958), Academia (1959), Pabulo para la historia (1961) y Necesidad de cumplir las leyes de Reforma (1963) y Cronicas de mi destierro (1964).
Influence of auxiliary dc system capacitance on relay protection operation

Auxiliary DC systems that have considerable capacitance to ground, and that have balanced voltages between the DC polarities and ground, are at risk for false operation of switched DC loads. This can happen if an unintended ground develops at the critical points in the DC system. The sources of these large capacitances were investigated, as well as the vulnerability of sensitive interposing relay to false operation due to the unintended ground. An Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP/ATP) based simulation was performed to check the influence of the DC system and interposing relay parameters on the possibility of false operation. Means to eliminate the false operation are discussed.
Modeling the Impact of Merging Capacity in Production-Inventory Systems

We model two separate, decentralized systems, each consisting of a warehouse and a production capacity. The demand processes experienced by the systems have different variabilities. The two decentralized systems consider an agreement to pool their production capacities. We examine the impact of the pooling of capacity on inventory costs under two operating rules: (i) the orders from the two warehouses are treated in a first-come-first-served manner, and (ii) the orders from the lower-variability warehouse are given nonpreemptive priority.We examine this issue using an analytical model that integrates base-stock inventory models with queuing models for the production capacity. The higher-variability demand is modeled as a hyperexponential renewal process, and the lower-variability demand is modeled as a Poisson process. In case of pooled capacity, the arrival process at the production queue is the superposition of the two processes. We prove conditions under which the first-come-first-served operating rule will fail to achieve a Pareto improvement over the separate systems because it would increase inventory cost at the lower-variability warehouse. We then show cases under which the high-variability warehouse will see a reduction in inventory cost over the split system even if it accepts lower priority.
Spectral lines for polarization measurements of the coronal magnetic field. IV. Stokes signals in current-carrying fields

We present the first theoretical, forward calculations of the Stokes profiles of several magnetic dipole (‘‘M1’’) coronal emission lines produced in current-carrying magnetic structures. An idealized coronal model of Low, Fong, and Fan is used, which describes a spherically symmetric, hydrostatic background atmosphere, isothermal at a coronal temperature of 1:6 ;10 6 K. Embedded is a global, axisymmetric magnetic field that is everywhere potential except at a quiescent prominence, consisting of an infinitesimally thin, equatorial current sheet whose weight is supported by the outward discrete Lorentz force in the sheet. This model contains a physically nontrivial, localized magnetic structure, although the atmospheric plasma is thermally of the simplest stratification possible. The calculated M1 coronal lines show clear and distinct signatures of the presence and magnitude of this localized magnetic structure, in both linear and circular polarizations, eventhough the thermal structure isalmost homogeneous. Themorphologyof mapsoflinearpolarizationisparticularlysensitive to the existenceand strengthofthe current sheets, asfield lines wrap around them according to the Biot-Savart law, and the linear polarization responds to different projections offield line directions onto local radius vectors. Of the M1 lines studied, those of Fe xiii (1074.7 nm) and Si x (1430.1 nm) are especiallypromisingbecauseoftheirrelativelystronglinearpolarization.Theseforwardcalculationsprovideabasisfor optimismthatemission-linemeasurementsmayrevealthepresenceandnatureofcurrentsystemsinthecorona,and provide motivation for developing instruments capable ofroutinely measuring polarized light in forbidden coronal lines.
OPTIMIZING PERI-OPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT

The importance of mitigating pain for patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty is extremely relevant for purposes of being able to initiate early functional rehabilitation and activities of daily living. The process, however, does not commence after surgery but rather before surgery. Careful patient education and instruction, including pre-operative exercises to maximise mobility, strength and endurance within the limited range of motion is quite helpful. Adjunctive therapy includes preemptive ultrasound-guided intrascalene regional anesthesia, immediate post-operative peri-incisional injection of liposomal bupivacaine, post-operative use of waterproof Tegaderm TM dressing to allow warm showers early on in the rehabilitation period, peri-operative use of Cox 2 inhibitors and a gentle, therapist-guided passive exercise program focusing on relaxation techniques. This in combination with patient-controlled analgesic pumps, careful surgical technique providing adequate soft tissue releases and removal of potential pain generators such as the long tendon of the biceps and an arthritic AC joint all contribute to the minimization of the patient9s pain experience, and offers relatively early weaning from parenteral narcotics in the first 24 hours, and oral narcotics within the first 7–10 days post-operatively.
INFLUENCE OF AP SOLID-PHASE DECOMPOSITION ON TEMPERATURE PROFILE AND SENSITIVITY

Previous models of AP were successful in describing the burning rate at different pressure and approximate species concentration profiles, but were less consistent in their calculated temperature profile and temperature sensitivity. The current work has addressed this problem by including solid-phase decomposition, a phenomenon explored recently by Behren in a experiment study. However, while Behren's data only showed the existence of solidphase decomposition from 13% to 25% depending on the size of AP particles and its produced species after decomposition, he did not give the concentration data of these species. In this modeling, we assumed that solid-phase decomposition should nearly go to completion once it starts because the decomposition of solid AP into gas products takes place at very high pressure. In addition, we found the assumption of 30% solid-phase decomposition seems to be more reasonable for releasing sufficient heat to match the gas-phase temperature profile. The calculations show the extreme importance of exothermic heat release near the burning surface. Increasing the exothermic heat release in the solid or in the condensed-phase causes a corresponding increase in temperature sensitivity and decrease in surface temperature gradient.
Study on the standardized design for OPGW

Although OPGW has been implemented widely,there is no design and manufacture standard for its products due to different line parameters,thus leads to inconvenience during maintenance,spare parts storage and centralized purchasing.Based on years study on OPGW projects,this paper puts forward a practical design principle and OPGW type spectrum to adapt to the situation of transmission lines.It discusses the standardization design ideas for OPGW from the aspects of technical parameters and type selection.The rationality and feasibility are also discussed in the paper.
Research on acoustic emission characteristics of Zhangcun coal samples in two sizes subject to uniaxial compression

Acoustic emission characteristics of coal samples in two sizes from the No.3 coal seam in Lu'an Group Zhangcun Coal Mine under uniaxial compression were studied by the servo-controlled testing machine RMT-150B.The sizes of standard and large block coal samples are Φ50 mm×100 mm and 155 mm×155 mm×125 mm,respectively.Both samples contain different original bedding planes and fissures,and exhibit different deformation,strength and acoustic emission when subject to uniaxial compression.The experimental results show that deformation and strength in large block coal sample are obviously lower than that of the standard samples,and the decreases in amplitude of uniaxial compression strength,modulus of elasticity and modulus of deformation are 19.7%,35.7% and 55.4%,respectively.There are different acoustic emissions corresponding to the four stages of the uniaxial compression process for the two coal samples.These acoustic emissions can be divided into four stages in the following order quiet,transition,active and decay stages.The active stage can be used as a predictor for coal breakage.The strength and quantity of acoustic emissions in large block coals are obviously higher than those in the standard samples.The maximum and accumulative energies in large block coals are enhanced by 16.6 and 6.4 times,respectively.The maximum count of sample failure and the cumulated count are enhanced by 11.1 and 8.1 times;the peak number of sample failure and the cumulated count are enhanced by 7.4 and 6.6 times,respectively.It is conservative to predict coal and gas outburst,rock burst and other dynamic disasters of coal and rock using acoustic emission data of standard coal samples;it is better to use the ones of large block coal samples.
Reproducible Synthesis and High Porosity of mer-Zn(Im)2 (ZIF-10): Exploitation of an Apparent Double-Eight Ring Template.

Reproducible synthesis of the elusive merlinoite (mer) topology of zinc imidazolate (mer-Zn(Im)2, or ZIF-10) has been achieved by employing a simple macrocyclic solute—MeMeCH2—as a kinetic template. The corresponding phase-pure material, mer-MeMeCH2@Zn16(Im)32, is confirmed to be porous and exhibits one of the highest experimental surface areas (1893 m2/g, BET) yet reported for any ZIF. The X-ray single crystal structure of mer-MeMeCH2@Zn16(Im)32·xsolvent reveals the role of the macrocyle as an 8-fold hydrogen bond acceptor in templating the requisite double-eight rings (d8r) of the mer framework.
An introduction to heterogeneous optimal selection theory

In this paper, an approach for selecting an optimal suite of computers for solving problems with diverse computational requirements, called Heterogeneous Optimal Selection Theory (HOST), is presented. HOST is an extension to Augmented Optimal Selection Theory in two ways: It incorporates heterogeneous parallelism embedded in the tasks, and it reflects the costs associated in using various fine grain mapping strategies at individual machine level. Some related issues are discussed in this paper. >
Autocrine Signaling by Osteopontin Regulates Actin Remodeling in Human Primary Erythroid Progenitors.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted protein shown to have multiple functions depending on cell type and context. The cell types known to express OPN are typically assocoated with immune and /or bone remodeling functions. Here we demonstrate that OPN is also expressed and secreted by primary human erythroid progenitors and that it is involved in actin remodeling in erythroid cells. We initially identified OPN as an important cytokine in erythroid differentiation by screening a cytokine/receptor cDNA microarray. Subsequently using a culture system of highly purified primary erythroid progenitors (sorted for glycophorin A) we examined OPN mRNA and protein expression during terminal erythroid differentiation. We demonstrated that OPN mRNA is expressed throughout differentiation and that OPN protein is also detectable at basophilic, polychromatic and orthochromatic stages during the maturation program. Furthermore by ELISA we were able to detect secretion of OPN at each of the major stages of differentiation. In addition we show that CD44 and integrin alpha 4, two of the receptors for OPN are highly expressed in these cells. Stimulation of these cells with rOPN resulted in phosphorylation of several proteins one of which was identified as the heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27). In subsequent studies we were able to demonstrate that OPN regulates phosphorylation of Hsp27 at serine-78 site through the p38 MAP kinase pathway. We then effectively knocked down the expression of OPN by siRNA methodology, which resulted in formation of distinct F-actin bundles in the perimembrane region of the cell. By contrast in cells transfected with control siRNA maintained F-actin in a punctate appearance. Altogether our studies suggest a critical signaling function for OPN in regulation of atleast one of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal elements during erythroid differentiation.
Are the intensities and durations of small-scale pottery firings sufficient to completely dehydroxylate clays? Testing a key assumption underlying ceramic rehydroxylation dating

Rehydroxylation (RHX) dating was recently suggested as a simple, cheap, and accurate method for dating ceramics. It depends on the constant rate of rehydroxylation (the slow reintroduction of OH) of clays after they are fired and dehydroxylated (purged of OH) during the production of pots, bricks, or other ceramics. The original firing of the ceramic artifact should set the dating clock to zero by driving all hydroxyls out of the clay chemical structure. To examine whether this assumption holds, especially for pot firings of short duration and low intensity, as those in small-scale traditional settings, we performed thermogravimetric analysis of clay samples of known mineralogy at temperatures and for durations reported from traditional sub-Saharan, American, and South Asian pottery firings. Results demonstrate that in the majority of samples, complete dehydroxylation (DHX) did not occur within, or even beyond, the conditions common in traditional firings. Consequently, between 0.01 and 1.5% of a sample's mass in residual OH may remain after firings analogous to those observed in the ethnographic record. Lack of complete DHX at the scales we have observed can result in the over-estimation of ceramic ages by decades to tens of thousands of years, depending largely on the age of the sample, and the amount of residual OH present. Thus, in many cases, a key assumption underlying current RHX dating methods is unlikely to have been met, introducing considerable error in dates.
Increasing Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in Northern Boreal Lakes: Implications for Lake Water Transparency and Thermal Structure

We evaluated trends in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and associated changes in water transparency and epilimnion thickness to better understand the implications of regional increases in DOC concentration in lakes. Long-term monitoring of a suite of physical, chemical, and biological data from six to 12 lakes in Acadia National Park in Maine was paired with high-frequency sensor monitoring of one lake as a model system. Water transparency declined across study sites since 1995 as DOC increased and chlorophyll remained stable, suggesting that this was not a signal of increased eutrophication. As clarity declined, some lakes experienced reduced epilimnion thickness. The degree to which transparency changed across the lakes was dependent on DOC concentration, with a larger decline in transparency occurring in clear water lakes (−0.3 m yr−1) than brown water lakes (−0.1 m yr−1). DOC concentration was an important explanatory variable for reduced epilimnion thickness in short-term sensor measurements. A regional decline in water transparency across all lakes and reduction in epilimnion thickness in a limited number of systems appeared to be acting as a sentinel for changes in atmospheric deposition and regional weather that modified the delivery of DOC from the watershed.
Ecology: A helping habitat for bumblebees.

A study showing the effects of land-use quality on the productivity of bumblebee colonies highlights the importance of resource availability across space and time in promoting survival over generations. See Letter p.547 Agricultural intensification is a major cause of the global decline in insect pollinators. In this UK-based field experiment, Claire Carvell and colleagues show that bumblebee colonies located close to high-value foraging habitats, including spring floral resources, are more likely to produce daughter queens that survive winter hibernation and emerge in the spring to start a new colony. Their findings add to the evidence that conservation interventions targeted at the landscape level have a positive effect on wild pollinators in agricultural settings.
A Real-time Co-pilot for an Autonomous Land Vehicle 1

Abstract A co-pilot is presented which is used to assist the basic reflexive pilot in the FMC autonomous land vehicle to deal with more difficult situations. instead of reducing the vehicle to a point as in the configuration space approach, the vehicle is reduced to a line model by enlarging the obstacles accordingly. In view of the special structure of a local map, a collision-free path can then be found efficiently by dealing with the free space directly in the equivalent problem. Simulation results show that the co-pilot works very well in a dense obstacle environment. Implementation considerations are also briefly discussed.
Complex Dynamic Systems Research: Some Insights on Data Analysis

Acquiring a second language (L2) has been increasingly recognized to be an ongoing developmental process, one that progresses in a fluid and non-linear fashion (Larsen-Freeman, 2015). Instead of operating like a mechanical black box that parses incoming linguistic information and outputs oral/written language indiscriminately, the learner’s developing system has been shown to be selectively adaptive (e.g., Han & Selinker, 1999; Schachter, 1974; Slobin, 1996). Where variability in acquisitional data arises, more than one of the following factors are likely involved: crosslinguistic influence, avoidance, conceptual transfer, among others. For this reason, research adopting a Complex Dynamic Systems approach to data analysis has gained sway in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) in recent years. Unlike most existing empirical L2 acquisition studies that employ only a single method of data analysis, L2 Complex Dynamic Systems research advocates the application of multiple data analysis methods to the same set(s) of empirical data. In doing so, researchers are more likely to gain a multidimensional and finer-grained grasp of what the empirical L2 data might in fact be suggesting about the learner’s developmental trajectory.
Factors Controlling Rain on Small Tropical Islands: Diurnal Cycle, Large-Scale Wind Speed, and Topography

AbstractA set of idealized cloud-permitting simulations is performed to explore the influence of small islands on precipitating convection as a function of large-scale wind speed. The islands are situated in a long narrow ocean domain that is in radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) as a whole, constraining the domain-average precipitation. The island occupies a small part of the domain, so that significant precipitation variations over the island can occur, compensated by smaller variations over the larger surrounding oceanic area.While the prevailing wind speeds vary over flat islands, three distinct flow regimes occur. Rainfall is greatly enhanced, and a local symmetric circulation is formed in the time mean around the island, when the prevailing large-scale wind speed is small. The rainfall enhancement over the island is much reduced when the wind speed is increased to a moderate value. This difference is characterized by a change in the mechanisms by which convection is forced. A thermally forced se...
A randomized controlled evaluation of the tobacco status project, a Facebook intervention for young adults.

Author(s): Ramo, Danielle E; Thrul, Johannes; Delucchi, Kevin L; Hall, Sharon; Ling, Pamela M; Belohlavek, Alina; Prochaska, Judith J | Abstract: AIMS:To test the efficacy of the Tobacco Status Project (TSP) Facebook smoking cessation intervention for young adults relative to referral to an on-line program on biochemically verified 7-day abstinence from smoking. DESIGN:Two-group parallel randomized controlled trial, comparing TSP (nn=n251) to on-line control (nn=n249) with follow-up to 12nmonths. SETTING:On-line, throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS:Young adult cigarette smokers (mean age 21nyears; 73% white, 55% female, 87% daily smokers). INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR:TSP provided private Facebook groups tailored to stage of change to quit smoking, daily contacts, weekly live counseling sessions, and for those ready to quit, six cognitive behavioral therapy counseling sessions. Some TSP groups were assigned randomly to receive a monetary incentive for engagement. Control provided referral to the National Cancer Institute Smokefree.gov website. MEASUREMENTS:PRIMARY OUTCOME: Biochemically verified 7-day abstinence over 12nmonths. SECONDARY OUTCOMES:Post-treatment (3-month) abstinence; reported abstinence, quit attempt, reduction in smoking, readiness to quit smoking over 12nmonths. FINDINGS:Verified 7-day abstinence was not significantly different for intervention compared with control over 1nyear: month 3 (8.3 versus 3.2%), 6 (6.2 versus 6.0%), and 12 (5.9 versus 10.0%); odds ratio (OR)n=n1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI)n=n0.23, 4.97; retentionn=n71%. There was an effect at 3 months (ORn=n2.52; CIn=n1.56, 4.04; Pnln0.0001). There were no 12-month treatment effects for reported abstinence (Pn=n0.746), reduction in smoking by 50% or more (Pn=n0.533), likelihood of having made a quit attempt (Pn=n0.387) or stage of change over time (0.968). Participants in TSP engaged more and rated the intervention more favorably than those in the control condition. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with referral to a smoking cessation website, a novel USA-focused Facebook smoking cessation intervention did not improve abstinence from smoking over 1nyear, but increased abstinence at the end of treatment and was engaging to participants.
Information Systems Accreditation: Preparation, Process, and Standards

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the accreditation process for information systems (IS) programs. This tutorial includes: • an overview of the accreditation criteria and standards for IS programs; • the process of information systems accreditation from ABET's Computing Accreditation Commission (CAC) perspective; • a review of the process of planning and preparing for the accreditation team visit; • the experience of gathering sample course materials from faculty; and • a discussion of the accreditation process from the review team's perspective
Impact of ganciclovir prophylaxis on heart-lung and lung transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus infection threatens pulmonary allograft survival and function. This retrospective study details the experience of ganciclovir prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus infection and its sequelae. METHODS: Eight-nine lung and heart-lung transplant recipients with positive cytomegalovirus serology were analyzed. The 37 recipients who underwent transplantation before September 1989 received no prophylaxis. The 52 subsequent recipients received ganciclovir prophylaxis. RESULTS: Thirty-six non-prophylaxed versus 42 prophylaxed patients had cytomegalovirus events with cumulative incidences of 100% and 86% (p < < 0.01), and median onsets of 37 +/- 21 versus 85 +/- 35 days, respectively (p < < 0.01); 22 non-prophylaxed versus 27 prophylaxed patients had cytomegalovirus pneumonitis with cumulative incidences of 60% and 55% (p < < 0.01), and median onsets of 34 +/- 14 and 84 +/- 26 days, respectively (p < < 0.01). Respiratory failure caused by cytomegalovirus pneumonitis developed in nine of the non-prophylaxed versus two of the prophylaxed patients (p < < 0.01). The significant estimated survival benefit in patients who received prophylaxis (p = 0.04) was not apparent when reanalysis was performed after exclusion of patients with respiratory failure (p = 0.36). Ganciclovir prophylaxis produced a significant delay in the development of obliterative bronchiolitis with a median time to onset of 1072 +/- 280 days versus 432 +/- 189 days for the non-prophylaxis cohort (p < < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Ganciclovir prophylaxis (1) improves recipient survival by reducing the severity of disease and essentially eliminating respiratory failure caused by cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, (2) reduces the incidence and delays the onset of cytomegalovirus events and pneumonitis, and (3) delays the onset of obliterative bronchiolitis.
Optimal Control Based Falsification of Unknown Systems with Time Delays: A Gasoline Engine A/F Ratio Control Case Study

Abstract In this paper, we present a falsification scheme for nonlinear systems with input and/or state delays without relying on their explicit models. We formulate the falsification of predefined specifications as an optimal control problem, and exploit a functional gradient based method to solve it. Since the approach does not require an explicit model of the system, it is potentially applicable to industrial models of high complexity or directly to experimental hardware. We consider the falsification of a gasoline engine air-to-fuel ratio control system as a case study.
Global Social Cleansing: Postliberal Revanchism And the Export of Zero Tolerance

case, Mellon was known as Britain's most aggressive, some say brutal, police chief. His district has the dubious distinction of using more tear gas than any other in the country. He admires Margaret Thatcher, whose prime ministerial reign included episodes of unprecedented police brutality against people of color, from Brixton to Toxteth, and against British miners. Mallon nonetheless feels that policing under the "iron lady" was "soft." "A villain will get up in the morning, steal a newspaper and a pint of milk from a doorstep, snatch someone' s bicycle and go on a shop-lifting spree," he explains. "By lunchtime he will have committed a dozen crimes" (The Scotsman, 1997). His preferred artillery for this war on crime is imported from New York City: the doctrine known as "zero tolerance." Zero tolerance stems from a two-decade-old study by two conservative social scientists who proposed the "broken windows" thesis: if people are allowed to break windows with impunity, not only do smaller crimes lead to more serious ones, but the "disordered" appearance of the neighborhood perpetrates criminal disorder (Wilson and Kelling, 1982). The geographic signs of disorder produce the disorder itself; zero tolerance for even minor crimes nurtures an anticrime environment. The study was written as U.S. liberal urban policy lay in decay, but it was only seriously applied in the 1990s when alternatives to that liberalism were being energetically constructed. Most inftuentially implemented in New York City by police chief William Bratton and Mayor Giuliani, zero tolerance was only part of a much larger shift in U.S. urban policy. The bankruptcy of liberal urban
Biomechanical Comparison of Tension Band Fixation of Patella Transverse Fracture: Headless Screws Versus Headed Screws.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the stability and strength of tension band wire fixation using headless compression screws versus headed screws for transverse patella fractures. Methods Six matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric knees with transverse osteotomies created at the midpoint of the patella were surgically fixed, with one knee randomly receiving fixation with headless screws (Acumed Acutrak 4/5) and the other with headed screws (Synthes 4.0 partially threaded cannulated screws). The specimens were mounted onto a servohydraulic load frame in a 45-degree flexed position and loaded through the quadriceps tendon. Interfragmentary movement was recorded with a motion analysis system. The initial fixation stiffness, range of interfragmentary motion, and strength of the headless screw construct were compared with the headed screw construct. Failure was defined as either a sudden drop in applied tendon force or 2 mm of separation on the anterior surface of the patella (ie, clinical failure), whichever occurred first. Results Mean primary interfragmentary motion was 0.31 ± 0.28 degrees for the headed screws and 0.10 ± 0.06 degrees for headless screws under 150 N load (P = 0.03). Mean construct stiffness was 277 ± 243 N/degrees for the headed screws and 510 ± 362 N/degrees for the headless screws (P = 0.03). None of the constructs from either group displayed structural failure before reaching the clinical failure gap of 2 mm. The mean clinical failure strength was 808 ± 183 N for the headless screws construct and 520 ± 241 N for the headed screws construct (P = 0.03). Conclusions Headless screw tension band fixation demonstrated superior biomechanical behaviors over standard headed screw fixation with higher construct rigidity, smaller interfragmentary motion, and greater fixation strength.
A Full-FoV Autonomous Hybrid Beamformer Array With Unknown Blockers Rejection and Signals Tracking for Low-Latency 5G mm-Wave Links

This paper demonstrates an eight-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) hybrid beamforming receiver array with autonomous millimeter-wave (mm-Wave)/RF front-end beamforming and digital baseband beamforming. It enables autonomous dynamic suppression of unknown blockers and beamforming on unknown desired signals, without knowing their carrier frequency, angle-of-arrival (AoA), and modulation scheme as a priori. After autonomous cancellation of an in-band/cochannel wideband-modulated blocker, a wideband-modulated desired signal is measured with high SNR, achieving −25.7-dB EVM for 6-Gb/s 64 QAM and −31.8-dB EVM for 1.6-Gb/s 256 QAM. Without baseband DSP beam-searching, the closed-loop mm-Wave/RF front-end beamformer (BF) realizes $\mu \text{s}$ rapid response per stage, 100-to- $1000\times $ faster than existing mm-Wave analog/digital BFs with DSP beam-searching. The eight-element MIMO receiver array covers a wide frequency range (23–30 GHz) and the full field-of-view (FoV) to address future low-latency applications of practical 5G MIMO systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first MIMO receiver array enabling autonomous wideband-modulated 64-/256-QAM blocker rejection and desired signal beamforming with $\mu \text{s}$ response time.
Controlling the movement of molecules

The ability to control the movement of molecules is both fascinating scientifically as well as being critically important to the well-being of our planet and its people. In particular, the sustained release of molecules over prolonged periods at controlled rates has had and will continue to have enormous implications for the delivery of substances in medicine, agriculture, the environment, nutrition, aquaculture, household consumer products, and numerous other areas. This field is advancing at a rapidly accelerating pace. In this article, I largely discuss our own work, starting 45 years ago, in enabling the controlled release of macromolecules from biocompatible polymers. I also discuss the synthesis of novel materials to affect molecular movement and I then examine external approaches for controlling the movement of molecules through materials, using forces such as electric, acoustic, and magnetic fields. I further discuss approaches for controlling molecular movement through physiologic barriers, such as the skin, lung, and intestine. Finally, I outline several future areas of this field, including how it can affect the developing world, the ability to control the movement of molecules into mammalian cells, and the design of intelligent approaches to control molecular delivery.
The current state of food fraud prevention: overview and requirements to address ‘How to Start?’ and ‘How Much is Enough?’

Food Fraud – intentional deception for economic gain using food – is one of the most urgent and active food research and regulatory areas. The current state of research has expanded to include criminology, public policy, business enterprise risk management, and implementation of a management system. This range of disciplines has been critical since the hazard analysis, and prevention strategies are fundamentally different when addressing an intelligent human adversary. The broad range of literature has been adopted or adapted to Food Fraud prevention including the identification of the next set of urgent questions: ‘How much is enough?’ and ‘How to start?’ A summary of the literature was provided with a summary of seven questions, two concepts, seven critical steps, and one decision. The seven questions provide a gap analysis to calibrate how much has been completed and how much is still to be done. The two concepts are policy level framing questions for the next activity. The seven steps are for a Food Fraud Task Force that uses the previous insight to create a Food Fraud Prevention Strategy proposal including resource-allocation and key task identification. Finally, the ‘One Decision’ is an official acceptance of the proposed strategy and the ongoing monitoring of the successful and thorough implementation of the management system. This overall method is referred to as the Food Fraud Implementation Method (FFIM).
The Impact of Cannabis Consumption on Mortality, Morbidity, and Cost in Acute Pancreatitis Patients in the United States: A 10-Year Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of cannabis use among all patients admitted with acute pancreatitis (AP) in the United States and to investigate the impact of cannabis use on AP mortality, morbidity, and cost of care.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample database from 2
Harmonic Forcing of Damped Non-homogeneous Elastic Rods

This work is one of an ongoing series of investigations on the motions of non-homogeneous structures. In the series, natural frequencies, mode shapes and frequency response functions (FRFs) were determined for undamped segmented rods and beams, using analytic and numerical approaches. These structures are composed of stacked cells, which may have distinct geometric and material properties. Here, the steady state response, due to harmonic forcing, of a segmented damped rod is investigated. The objective is the determination of FRFs for the system. Two methods are employed. The first uses the displacement differential equations for each segment, where boundary and interface continuity conditions are used to determine the constants involved in the solutions. Then the response as a function of forcing frequency can be obtained. This procedure is unwieldy and may become unpractical for arbitrary spatial forcing functions. The second approach uses logistic functions to model the segment discontinuities. This leads to a single partial differential equation with variable coefficients, which is solved numerically using MAPLE® software. For free-fixed boundary conditions and spatially constant force good agreement is found between the methods. The continuously varying functions approach is then used to obtain the response for a spatially varying force.
Cryoneurolysis for the Treatment of Sensory Nerve Pain

Acute and chronic pain account for high costs both societally and economically, estimated in the United States to be $635 billion. Untreated or undertreated acute pain is associated with substantial morbidity and may become chronic pain. Surgical patients are at an increased risk of long-term opioid use or addiction. Overdose from drugs of abuse, including opioids, is the leading cause of death due to injury in the United States. Traditional pain management strategies for acute and chronic pain have focused on opioid medications, which are often associated with severe side effects. Cryoneurolysis is a minimally invasive, nonsurgical, nonpharmacologic pain management technique that uses cold temperatures to ablate the sensory nerves that cause pain. Because of its safe and reversible nature, cryoneurolysis should be considered as part of a multimodal pain management plan in patients experiencing pain originating from sensory nerves.
Abstract P202: Providers' Perspectives On Adherence To Antihypertensive Treatment In Vietnamese Patients

Background: Medical adherence is one of the most effective ways of controlling hypertension among those under treatment. Vietnamese Americans have a high prevalence of hypertension and low rates of...
What does the American public know about child marriage

Global efforts to eradicate 'child marriage' (<18 years) increasingly target governments, the private sector and the general public as agents of change. However, understanding of child marriage may be subject to popular misconceptions, particularly because of ambiguity in the age threshold implied by the term 'child', and because awareness campaigns routinely emphasize extreme scenarios of very young girls forcibly married to much older men. Here, we ascertain public knowledge of child marriage via an online survey. Half of those surveyed mistakenly believed that the cut-off for child marriage is younger than the threshold of 18 years, and nearly three-quarters incorrectly believed that most child marriages occur at 15 years or below (it primarily occurs in later adolescence). Most participants also incorrectly believed that child marriage is illegal throughout the USA (it's illegal in only 4/50 states), substantially overestimated its global prevalence, and mistakenly believed that it primarily takes place among Muslim-majority world regions. Our results highlight important popular misconceptions of child marriage that may ultimately undermine global health goals and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. Organizations seeking to empower women by reducing child marriage should be cautious of these misunderstandings, and wary of the potential for their own activities to seed misinformation.
Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States

United States government scientists estimate that COVID-19 may kill tens of thousands of Americans. Many of the pre-existing conditions that increase the risk of death in those with COVID-19 are th...
Coupling of electromagnetic field to phonons in helical structures

Using a vibrational and eigenfunction analyses we show that phonons in a helical structure exhibit delocalized response and selectivity in frequency. We also examine the eigenpermittivities and density of electromagnetic states in proximity to such a structure.