cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 170: High Prevalence of Uncontrolled Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Majority Hispanic Cohort of People Living with HIV

Objective: Chronic HIV infection itself confers cardiovascular (CV) risk, but CV risk reduction is often not a focus in the primary care of people living with HIV (HIV+). We examined the prevalence and predictors of poor control of CV risk factors (RF) in a predominantly Hispanic HIV+ cohort. Methods: From the South Texas HIV Cohort, a registry of HIV+ patients in a public primary care clinic and serving the entire region, we used electronic medical record (EMR) data to assess control of 5 CV RFs in a cross-sectional study. We selected HIV+ adults with ≥2 HIV clinic visits in 2013 and identified: active smokers, uncontrolled hypertension (HTN), elevated cholesterol, obesity, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). Active smokers were documented as having ongoing use in 2013. Persons with uncontrolled HTN had ≥2 blood pressures >140/90 mmHg. A total cholesterol >200mg/dl was categorized as poorly controlled. Persons with obesity had median BMI ≥30kg/m2 in 2013. Among persons with DM based on ≥2 ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes or a hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%, uncontrolled DM was defined as any A1c ≥8%. Virologic suppression was defined as all HIV-1 plasma RNA measurements <200 copies/ml in 2013. Logistic regressions were used to predict the odds of ≥1 RF and of each RF separately adjusting for years living with HIV, age, race, gender, insurance, HIV risk factor, HCV infection, substance abuse and virologic suppression. Results: Of 1696 patients meeting inclusion criteria, the median age was 44.8 yr (IQR: 34.5, 51.5), 76.3% were men, 61.6% Hispanic, and 17.7% African American. The most common HIV RF was men who have sex with men (MSM, 56.4%); 82.6% of the cohort was receiving antiretroviral therapy and 60.5% were virologically suppressed. DM was found in 14.4% of the cohort. At least 1 CV RF was present for 69.5% (1180 of 1698). The proportions with each RF were: 32.0% active smoking, 25.6% uncontrolled HTN, 15.4% uncontrolled cholesterol, and 27.7% obese; 28.3% DM were uncontrolled (69 of 244). Multiple CV RFs (≥2) were present for 27.8% of the cohort. Medicaid insurers were 80% more likely to have multiple CV RFs than Medicare insurers (AOR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.91); and patients with heterosexual transmission were 47% more likely to have multiple CV RFs than those with MSM (AOR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.05). Women were more than twice as likely to be obese than men (AOR=2.55; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.63). Conclusions: In this majority Hispanic HIV+ cohort, 70% of patients had at ≥1 uncontrolled CV risk factor and 28% had two. Persons with Medicaid insurance and heterosexual transmission were significantly more likely to have an uncontrolled CV risk factor, and women were more than twice as likely to be obese. Without population-appropriate CV risk reduction interventions, the life expectancy gains achieved with highly active antiretroviral therapy in this vulnerable population are jeopardized by the threat of CV morbidity and mortality.
Considerations in Developing a General Course in Consumption

ADISCUSSION of the nature of a general course in cons mption for college students presupposes an understanding of the aims of college education and of the meaning in which we are using the term consumption. This is not the time or place to launch into a dissertation on the philosophy of education or the place of a college in an educational system, but one or two remarks at the outset will serve to show my orientation with regard to the more immediate problem under consideration. I have assumed that a college education is intended to aid in the preparation of the student for a satisfying life. This means preparation in the broadest sense. A relatively greater or smaller proportion of time may be devoted to specific technical training, but the primary goal is taken to be the constructing of a broad general background and a knowledge of what questions to ask, where to find answers, and how to evaluate answers from different sources. With this broad purpose in mind I turn now to the second question, of what is included in consumption in the present context. Dr. Kyrk's review of the literature indicates the broad scope and the many topics which have been included in books or studies on consumption in its social science aspects. She did not attempt to define consumption or to mark out its relation to economics. I am concerned, not with the subject matter quite extensively developed in the home economics curricula, but with the social science aspects of consumer problems. Like other fields in the social sciences, it is impossible to set up a definition of consumption in terms of phenomena with which it.deals exclusively and beyond which it will not venture. It draws on all the social sciences in so far as they contribute toward an understanding of the problems related to consumer welfare. Consumption may be regarded as a point of view, an angle from which we may approach the material given us by the social sciences as a whole. The development of a general course in consumption might follow two alternative lines. One is to orient introductory economics more directly from a consumer point of view than has been done heretofore. Something not unlike this is being attempted at Stephens College at the present time and in the General College at Minnesota. But a more technical course in economic principles might be so oriented. This could be followed by specialized courses such as consumer marketing, family finance, housing, standards of living. The other possibility is to set up an introductory course in consumption following the usual first course in economics.' The decision as to which of these alternatives should be chosen will depend on the composition of the student body, the level at which the work will be given, and the total curriculum. We shall have to dismiss arbitrarily one question-what to do in orienting
Facile Assembly of ZnO Nanoparticles Based on M13 Bacteriophage

A genetically modified M13 bacteriophage template was used to biomineralize ZnO. A peptide, EAHVMHKVAPRP [1], with a known affinity for ZnO was genetically displayed on each of five copies of the pIII protein located at one tip of the M13 virus. Site-directed assembly using this pIII peptide fusion was studied using a variety of precursor concentrations, incubation times, and phage concentrations. For comparision, free ZnO-binding peptides were also used to biomineralize ZnO. Isolated, polydisperse, spherical ZnO nanoparticles were formed at all mineralization conditions containing the ZnO-binding M13 bacteriophage, whereas free peptide mineralization resulted in smaller, more irregularly shaped particles which agglomerated at longer incubation times. These studies are preliminary experiments in the investigation of ZnO biomineralization on the various structural proteins of the M13 bacteriophage and cooperative effects which occur between neighboring peptides.
Citrus Red Mites: Evaluation of Control Obtained with a New Class of Miticides Containing the Cyclopropane Moiety

Compounds derived from cyclopropylmethyl alcohol and cyclopropane carboxylic acid were active against all ages of eggs of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), in laboratory tests at very low dosages. ZR 856 (hcxadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate), 918 (1,4-phenylenebis (Methylene) bis (cyclopropanecarboxylate) and 1888 (1,10-hexanediyl bis (cyclopropanecarboxylate), had sterilant activity for 16 h after the females fed and residual activity for 15 days in greenhouse tests. ZR 1888, 1859 (tetradecyl cyclopropane propanoate), 918 and 856 were all significantly better than the untreated when tested in the field on citrus red mites on lemons.
Efficient Gaussian Packets Representation And Seismic Imaging

In this paper we discuss an efficient way to apply Gaussian Packet method to data representation and seismic imaging. Similar to Gaussian Beam method, wavefield radiating from a seismic source as a set of Gaussian Packets can represent synthetic seismic data, and recorded wavefield at the surface can be expressed and downward continued by a set of Gaussian Packets at surface as well. The evolution of Gaussian Packet is determined by parameter of central frequency, local time, local space and ray emergent angle, and the shape of Gaussian Packet is determined by its initial value. Each Gaussian Packet is directly related to the ray emergent angle, and propagates along a central ray. Therefore, representation of seismic data using Gaussian Packets provides the local time slope and location information at certain central frequency, while summation of Gaussian Packets’ evolutions constructs the corresponding propagated wavefield. These properties also make seismic imaging using Gaussian Packets easily be understood and implemented. The method becomes efficient because 1) to represent seismic data, Gaussian Packets with given initial value can be used and inner product can be applied to obtain the useful information of seismic data; 2) with proper initial value, only Gaussian Packets with few central frequencies are needed for representing propagated seismic wavefield. Numerical examples on impulse responses and a 4layer zero-offset data are calculated to demonstrate the valid of the method.
Itech: an interactive technical assistant

This dissertation concentrates on the problem of designing and developing a conversational technical assistant. The main focus is to identify and address issues related to producing a system that allows for conversational question answering that utilizes a new methodology called Answers First. Additionally the mechanics of translating traditional technical communications into a knowledge base of question-answer pairs that will allow for effective information retrieval, pose another significant challenge, especially as the technical communications will be manufacturer-independent. The resulting system should enable manufacturers to provide a new medium to their consumers for technical assistance. In this proposal, a prototype of a conversational technical assistant is developed using the technical communications from a manual published by O'Reilly. The approaches used to improve upon the aforementioned issues are described in detail. Through experiments performed on the developed application the performance and potential of the selected approaches will be evaluated.
Acidic Potassium Dichromate Solutions as Ultraviolet Absorbance Standards.

The absorbances of five concentrations of potassium dichromate in 0.001 M perchloric acid have been determined at eight wavelengths in the ultraviolet on the National Bureau of Standards Institute for Materials Research high-accuracy spectrophotometer. Four of the wavelengths-235, 257, 313, and 350 nm-correspond to absorbance maxima or minima in the HCrO4 - spectrum and are useful wavelengths for checking the accuracy of the absorbance scale of narrow bandpass spectrophotometers. Although partial dimerization of HCrO4 - to Cr2O7 = produces small positive deviations from Beer's law at these wavelengths, the apparent absorptivities calculated for each concentration are reproducible to one part in a thousand. The estimated uncertainties in the absorptivity values are ± 0.7 percent at 0.1 absorbance (A) and ± 0.2 percent near A = 1. These uncertainties include all known sources of possible systematic error and the 95 percent confidence level for the mean. The remaining four wavelengths used for measurement are near two predicted isosbestic points in the HCr04 -/Cr2O7 = spectra. The absorptivities at 345 nm are sufficiently independent of concentration that this wavelength can be used for checking absorbance linearity to one part in a thousand over the range A = 0.2-1.
Liberalism from the Standpoint of its Victims

I welcome these lively engagements with my book Islam in Liberalism and thank the contributors for their valuable readings and the Journal of Politics Religion and Ideology for inviting us to this ...
A precaution control method of transient stability based on optimal generation dispatch

A method of precaution control based on optimal dispatch of generation is proposed.Firstly,all potential faults of the net are scanned and then the no-harmful faults are excluded.Ranked by the product of EEAC stability margin and fault probability,the critical cluster group of potentially harmful fault can be identified.Secondly,the limit of power adjustment,Δpmin and Δpmax,can be determined with EEAC sensitivity analysis method.Thirdly,the ratios of active power adjustment of the generators are determined according to the number of critical generators and the sensitivity of the stability margin to generator output.Finally,the optimization of precaution control can be transformed into the optimal output dispatch of generators which are chosen in last step.Simulation results in New England 10-generator 39-bus system show the feasibility and correctness of this method.
Metaphor: Bridging embodiment to abstraction

Embodied cognition accounts posit that concepts are grounded in our sensory and motor systems. An important challenge for these accounts is explaining how abstract concepts, which do not directly call upon sensory or motor information, can be informed by experience. We propose that metaphor is one important vehicle guiding the development and use of abstract concepts. Metaphors allow us to draw on concrete, familiar domains to acquire and reason about abstract concepts. Additionally, repeated metaphoric use drawing on particular aspects of concrete experience can result in the development of new abstract representations. These abstractions, which are derived from embodied experience but lack much of the sensorimotor information associated with it, can then be flexibly applied to understand new situations.
Chronic hemolysis produced by cloth-covered valves. The effect of design and valve position.

Chronic hemolysis produced by cloth-covered valves with metal balls appears to originate from the design of the base independent of parabasilar insufficiency. Hemolysis was studied by urine hemosiderin content, hematocrit levels, and reticulocyte counts. The Starr-Edwards aortic valve (Model 2310-2320) produced significant hemolysis in 6 of 8 patients (75 per cent). The Starr-Edwards mitral valve (Model 6310-6320) caused chronic hemolysis in 3 of 8 patients (37.5 per cent). The Surgitool aortic valve with a completely cloth-covered base produced significant hemolysis in only 1 patient (10 per cent) who had a small valve. None of the 5 patients with Bjork valves developed any hemolysis. In 3 patients with parabasilar aortic insufficiency murmurs and hemolysis, the levels of urine hemosiderin, anemia, and reticulocyte counts greatly in excess of these levels in patients without parabasilar leaks. There are two causes of chronic low-grade hemolysis in patients with cloth-covered ball valves in the absence of parabasilar leak: (1) metal-to-metal contact of the composite seat and (2) small valve orifices.
Criterion Anxiety in ’Tis Pity She’s a Whore

It is fitting in many ways to close this book with a discussion of John Ford’s ’Tis Pity She’s a Whore. Technically a work of the Caroline period, the play is still very much a Jacobean tragedy in its intellectuality, its boldness, its contrariety, its ‘horrid laughter’.1 Like Mariam and The Duchess of Malft, ’Tis Pity concerns itself with sexuality in exogamous and endogamous contexts; like The Spanish Tragedy, The Malcontent, The White Devil and The Changeling, it is enmeshed in revenge-play conventions; like The Duchess and The White Devil it displays strong interest in malevolence and gratuitous cruelty; and like Doctor Faustus it is fascinated with issues of aspiration and forbidden knowledge. Indeed, many critics have emphasized ’Tis Pity’s epistemological orientation. Cyrus Hoy noted long ago that Giovanni is ‘an eminently rational protagonist whose very powers of reason make him, paradoxically, at once the more vulnerable to sin and the more culpable in sinning’. And recently Lisa Hopkins has observed that certainty, uncertainty, blindness and ignorance ‘form an important part of the play’s thematic structure’: despite the evident dangers of knowledge, ’Tis Pity ‘never ceases to remind us that we are always already implicated in it’.2 Like dramatic predecessors such as Faustus, Mariam and Webster’s Duchess, Giovanni and Annabella travel ‘into a wilderness’ (Duchess, 1.1.350).
Chapter 37 – Immune-based Therapies for HIV Infection

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to a state of immune deficiency caused by progressive loss of CD4 + T-cells along with a generalized immune activation that results in immune suppression. A number of qualitative and quantitative immunologic abnormalities occur in the setting of HIV infection that are potentially amenable to direct therapeutic intervention. These include strategies aimed at expanding or restoring the CD4 + T-cell pool, strategies designed to counteract immune system activation or immunosuppression, and strategies to enhance HIV-specific immunity. The correlation between the CD4 + T-cell count and the level of immunodeficiency is illustrated by the association of lower CD4 + T-cell count with an increased frequency of opportunistic infections. The CD4 + T-cell count is the best marker of immunodeficiency and the best tool to use as a guide in the initiation or discontinuation of prophylaxis against opportunistic infections. Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) leads to increases in CD4 + T-cell counts because of a combination of redistribution and expansion of T-cells.
CHAPTER 17 – Outside-In Signaling by Integrin αIIbβ3

The formation of a thrombus is dependent, in part, on molecular events that lead to the activation of platelets. Platelet activation is a prerequisite for most of the adhesive responses of this cell, and it is initiated by platelet contact with components of the extracellular matrix, such as collagen and von Willebrand factor (VWF), and by exposure to excitatory agonists, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin. Integrin αIIbβ3 (Chapter 8), also known as the glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex, is a major target of these initial activation events through a process known as “inside-out signaling.” The conformational changes associated with the activation of integrin αIIbβ3 enable its highaffi nity interaction with cognate ligands, particularly soluble fibrinogen and VWF, leading to the spreading and aggregation of platelets. In addition to being the primary mediator of platelet aggregation, αIIbβ3 functions as a signaling receptor capable of triggering a number of molecular and cellular events essential to or permissive of “post-ligandbinding” events that include cytoskeletal reorganization, formation and stabilization of large platelet aggregates, secretion, development of a procoagulant surface, and clot retraction. Signals emanating from ligand-occupied αIIbβ3 are known as “outside-in” signals. This chapter will focus on molecular events responsible for outside-in αIIbβ3 signaling, with one message being that this is a work-inprogress in the field of platelet biology.
Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis

It is important to distinguish between preseptal and orbital cellulitis, as both can present with similar signs and symptoms of red, swollen eyelids, with or without discharge, and with or without upper respiratory symptoms. Decreased visual acuity, afferent pupillary defect, motility deficit, and proptosis suggest an orbital process as opposed to a preseptal cellulitis. Orbital cellulitis can threaten vision and, through optic nerve and meningeal involvement, life. Hence, a high index of suspicion of orbital cellulitis and close monitoring of the response to treatment are crucial in preventing the severe complications of orbital infection. Radiographic imaging such as contrast-enhanced CT or MRI can help determine whether a subperiosteal or orbital abscess is present, or if infection has spread beyond the orbit, resulting in cavernous sinus thrombosis or cerebral abscess. Both preseptal and orbital cellulitis must be treated with systemic antibiotic therapy and monitored with serial ophthalmologic examinations. Surgical intervention may be necessary to drain subperiosteal or orbital abscesses.
Modeling, analysis and detection of faults in grid-connected PV systems

Use of non-conventional energy resources these days has led to think about utilizing the power electronic interfaces to integrate them with the conventional power sources. Around the world, conventional power systems are facing problems with gradual depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental pollution. These problems have led to a new trend of generating power locally at distribution voltage level by using non-conventional sources and their integration into the utility distribution network. Due to varying nature of the power system requirements, we need to come up with solutions for future. In this paper, we would like to do a study on the implementation of a photovoltaic generation. We will discuss some methods of implementation, and to develop a simulation model and record some results with faults occurring in the system.
Transcending Ontological Schisms in Relationships with Earth, Water, Air, and Ice

AbstractOntological separations made between earth, water, air, and ice can surreptitiously produce high-risk outcomes in environmental policy processes. Where legislation, risk assessments, land rights, or governance is based on unacknowledged schisms between Earth elements, they produce epistemological blind spots that unwittingly prevent asking critical questions of policy processes and render important connections invisible. This paper investigates a series of cases in which ontological schisms within Earth materials and knowledge systems have or may produce surreptitious outcomes. The article considers a diverse array of examples including managing environmental change in Australia, negotiating mining leases in Papua New Guinea, governing the ice edge in Norway, and climate change in the United States. Each case is presented as an illustration that unsettling ontological boundaries between Earth materials, that is, making their identification and definition an explicit component of land and sea polic...
Abstract 013: Role for β-Arrestins in Stem/Precursor Cell Function and Cardiac Regeneration

Chronic heart failure after myocardial injury (MI) is characterized by an extensive loss of myocytes due to considerable cell death. Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) can transdifferentiate and show potential for regenerating the myocardium after MI. Stem cell mobilization, egress from the bone marrow and recruitment to the site of injury can be regulated by signals through G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). βArrestins have signalling and scaffolding functions and act as downstream regulators of GPCR desensitization and endocytosis. We explored the potential role for βArrestins in cardiac precursor cell function, concentrating on BMSCs. Using knockout (KO) mice, we investigated the role βArrestin1 (βArr1) and βArrestin2 (βArr2), their modulation of regenerative competence of BMSCs and their contribution to cardiac repair after ischemic injury. in vitro, we observed that BM derived cells devoid of either βArr1 or βArr2 are slower to proliferate, colonize and migrate, compared to wild type (WT) BM cells. We also observed elevated cell death in βArr2 deficient cells following oxidative stress. Additionally, the number of cKit+ stem cells, thought to be potential cardiac precursor cells, was significantly lower in the BM and blood of βArr KO vs WT. Similarly, BM and blood of the chimeras contained fewer and less viable cardiac stem/precursor cells pre and post MI, compared to WT transplanted controls. In our in vivo study, we carried out BM transplants to determine whether the βArrs may be involved in cardiac repair. WT mice were irradiated and received BM transplants from WT, βArr1 KO or βArr2 KO mice. Following BM reconstitution, mice underwent MI and their recovery was monitored. Interestingly, chimeric mice with βArr1 and βArr2 KO BM had significantly inferior outcomes, including significantly decreased post MI survival with βArr2 KO BM and both βArr chimeras had significantly lower cardiac function post MI than mice receiving WT BM. Histology revealed that both chimeras developed larger infarcts and hypertrophy at an faster rate. We conclude that βArrs play a novel role downstream of GPCR desensitization in cardiac progenitor cells in BM and appear to be critically involved in the heart’s response to ischemic injury via cardiac repair and regeneration.
Modeling thermal spike driven reactions at low temperature and application to zirconium carbide radiation damage

Abstract The development of TEM-visible damage in materials under irradiation at cryogenic temperatures cannot be explained using classical rate theory modeling with thermally activated reactions since at low temperatures thermal reaction rates are too low. Although point defect mobility approaches zero at low temperature, the thermal spikes induced by displacement cascades enable some atom mobility as it cools. In this work a model is developed to calculate “athermal” reaction rates from the atomic mobility within the irradiation-induced thermal spikes, including both displacement cascades and electronic stopping. The athermal reaction rates are added to a simple rate theory cluster dynamics model to allow for the simulation of microstructure evolution during irradiation at cryogenic temperatures. The rate theory model is applied to in-situ irradiation of ZrC and compares well at cryogenic temperatures. The results show that the addition of the thermal spike model makes it possible to rationalize microstructure evolution in the low temperature regime.
Shifting taxes from value added to material inputs

All economists are familiar with the case for Pigovian taxes. However, this policy paradigm has proven to be inadequate in concept and in practice. Therefore, it has rarely been implemented in actual tax measures (OECD, 1994). Conceptually, the Pigovian paradigm treats market failures arising from waste discharges into the environment as exceptional and occasional, but the laws of thermodynamics dictate that virtually all materials drawn into industrial processes will sooner or later be dissipated as wastes (Georgescu-Roegen, 1971). In fact, as this paper demonstrates, most of these materials are very quickly discharged as wastes into the air, into surface and underground water, or onto land. Thus, environmental externalities are ubiquitous and inevitable and occur at all stages of the life-cycle of “production” and “consumption”, as the Resources for the Future pointed out in a classic article 25 years ago (Ayres and Kneese, 1969) . Nonetheless, economists have not yet incorporated this fundamental fact into their models and analyses.
Simplified 5th-Degree Multiple Fading CKF for GPS/INS Integrated Navigation System

In view of the problem that the system model mismatch and the state abrupt filtering precision decline in the traditional volumetric Kalman filter (CKF), the strong tracking filter (STF) is combined with the fifth-degree Cubature Kalman filter (CKF5). A Simplified fifth-degree Multiple fading CKF algorithm (SMCKF5) is proposed, which has higher filtering accuracy than traditional CKF, and simplifies the calculation steps of FCKF by using the characteristics of the filtering model. At the same time, multiple fading factors are introduced into CKF5 to enhance the adaptability of the algorithm and the ability to deal with the state mutation. The proposed algorithm is applied to GPS/INS integrated navigation system for simulation experiments. The results show that the real value of the abrupt state can be accurately estimated by the proposed algorithm. The filtering performance is better than that of CKF5, and the self-adaptability and positioning accuracy of integrated navigation system are improved.
Teacher Job Satisfaction by Principal Support and Teacher Cooperation: Results from the Schools and Staffing Survey.

Although turnover rates are alarmingly high for early career and veteran teachers, turnover rates are even higher for those who identify as a teacher of color. To increase the retention of teachers, job satisfaction has become an important construct to analyze. Teacher cooperation and principal support within the school are two influential factors that directly relate to job satisfaction. Using the restricted 2011-2012 Schools and Staffing Survey, a nationally representative dataset, principal support, teacher cooperation, and their moderation effects were analyzed in relation to teacher job satisfaction using a series of multilevel models. After controlling for teacher- and school-level characteristics, principal support and teacher cooperation were statistically significant predictors of job satisfaction for all teachers. The moderation effect between the two variables of interest and race were also statistically significant. These findings emphasize the need to maintain professional communities where teachers can interact and collaborate with the support of their school leaders.
Bridging therapy for achalasia in a second trimester pregnant patient

We present the case of a 28-year-old female who presented for primary care at 22-week gestation with type II achalasia and worsening solid/liquid dysphagia leading to pregnancy weight loss. Considering that durable therapies such as surgical myotomy and pneumatic dilatation have considerable risk, botulinum A toxin injection was selected as a temporizing bridging therapy. She had an uncomplicated post procedure course and had significant rapid improvement in dysphagia symptoms, which enabled her to progress to normal peripartum weight. This case highlights the need for early recognition of achalasia and an unique niche for use of botulinum toxin A as a temporizing therapy in this risk averse population.
Do Changes in Innate Immunity Underlie the Cardiovascular Benefits of Exercise

It is well established that exercise promotes health and reduces the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1). Traditional risk factors for CVD, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, as well as all-cause mortality, are inversely correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness (2). With advancing technology and decreasing global trends in physical activity, physical inactivity is now the fourth leading cause of death worldwide (3). Furthermore, 3 million deaths per year and an estimated $53.8 billion in economic costs are lost due to insufficient physical activity (4). Although exercise promotes numerous salutary effects on the cardiovascular system, several human studies have concluded that, after controlling for reductions in traditional CVD risk factors, the beneficial effects of regular exercise are attributable to a decrease in chronic inflammation and inflammatory mediator production (1, 5–8). These clinical findings are complemented by animal studies that report regular moderate intensity exercise decreases the risk for chronic disease development through modification of the immune system (9, 10). Despite the immunoregulatory effects of exercise, the underlying cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways that promote cardiovascular health remain unknown. Identifying key determinants by which exercise modulates inflammatory responses likely offer new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Given that the innate immune system is responsible for initiating most inflammatory responses and causally contributes to cardiac pathology and repair, we have focused this opinion manuscript on the potential role of neutrophils and macrophages in mediating the cardioprotective effects afforded by exercise.
The Kaldor–Hicks Potential Compensation Principle and the Constant Marginal Utility of Income

The Kaldor–Hicks potential compensation principle underlies partial equilibrium welfare analysis in imperfectly competitive markets. It depends on the assumptions that changes in consumer and producer surplus are weighted equally and that the marginal utility of income is constant. I show that if the first assumption is followed but there is decreasing marginal utility of income, the potential compensation principle does not give satisfactory indications of market performance.
AI Based Flight Control for Autonomous UAV Swarms

Artificial intelligence (AI) based flight control algorithms can be successfully utilized to deploy a swarm of autonomous Unmanned Areal Vehicles (UAVs). In a swarm of autonomous UAVs operating as a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), use of centralized control, pre-planned missions, synchronization of nodes and reliance on conditional procedures are not feasible We introduce near real-time AI based flight control algorithms for autonomous UAVs to position themselves over an area of interest. Each UAV uses only local neighbor information to advance the swarm toward a desired MANET topology. Simulation experiments in OPNET show that our algorithms can provide high percentage area coverage over a target, while requiring limited near neighbor communication. They are lightweight and power efficient, hence well-suited for military applications.
Single-crystal Winterbottom constructions of nanoparticle superlattices.

Colloidal nanoparticle assembly methods can serve as ideal models to explore the fundamentals of homogeneous crystallization phenomena, as interparticle interactions can be readily tuned to modify crystal nucleation and growth. However, heterogeneous crystallization at interfaces is often more challenging to control, as it requires that both interparticle and particle–surface interactions be manipulated simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate how programmable DNA hybridization enables the formation of single-crystal Winterbottom constructions of substrate-bound nanoparticle superlattices with defined sizes, shapes, orientations and degrees of anisotropy. Additionally, we show that some crystals exhibit deviations from their predicted Winterbottom structures due to an additional growth pathway that is not typically observed in atomic crystals, providing insight into the differences between this model system and other atomic or molecular crystals. By precisely tailoring both interparticle and particle–surface potentials, we therefore can use this model to both understand and rationally control the complex process of interfacial crystallization. Programmable DNA hybridization for the assembly of single crystals of Winterbottom constructions of nanoparticles with defined sizes and geometries.
The incidence and impact of brain metastasis in patients with hereditary BRCA1/2 mutated invasive breast cancer in a prospectively followed cohort.

1096Background: Previous reports suggest the incidence of brain metastasis is higher in patients with hereditary BRCA1 mutations compared to BRCA1 noncarriers among breast cancer patients who devel...
Conduction Phenomena of AC- and DC-XLPE Analyzed by Q(t) Method

Relaxation time τ (=e/k) is one of the important dielectric properties, and the τ can be obtained by Q(t) method with an relatively simple treatment. The procedure of the consideration to obtain τ, and measurement results of AC- and DC-XLPE are shown in this article. To consider τ efficiently and effectively, a parameter “charge ratio” was introduced. The charge ratio means a ratio of Q(t m ) which is a charge amount Q(t) at a certain measurement time tm and Q(0) which is an initial rise of voltage application, that is Q(tm)/Q(0). The obtained τ is 300 s for AC-XLPE and more than 28800 s (8 h) for DC-XLPE at 60°C under 60 kV/mm.
Towards an interpretive patient-centred practice.

My impression is that over the last year general practice has needed all its energy just to keep its head above water. Hardly surprising during the worst pandemic for a century. I say ‘my impression’ because I stopped GP work 8 years ago and my only role during the pandemic has been as an educational advisor, so my perspective is that of patient and relative rather than clinician. But now there is perhaps light at the end of the tunnel, even if some way away, we need to step back and review our practices and priorities. Long ago I suggested that general practice had three components; curing disease and alleviating symptoms using the biomedical model, preventing illness, and a third element, which I called the hermeneutic or interpretive function (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9248307). Michael Balint was referring to part of this role when he spoke of GPs helping people ‘bear what has to be borne’ . More recently, Reeves has explored this function further as ‘Interpretive Medicine’ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3259801). It is part of ‘person-centred care’, which also includes ensuring that care is coordinated and takes account of the individual’s situation and values. In a year when a lot of people got very ill, very quickly, attention has rightly focused on the biomedical, inevitably sometimes with a ‘one size fits all’ approach. Recently the need for the most extensive vaccination campaign ever has put prevention at the front of our minds. But if health care is to flourish as a practice in the sense MacIntyre uses the term — as an activity that promotes human flourishing and virtues, and produces ‘internal goods’ (such as knowledge, skill, joy, and love, not subject to a ‘zero-sum’ rule) — then the interpretive function must be central. How we understand and make sense of our illnesses affects how well …
Misrepresentation of mild traumatic brain injury research in press releases.

Background Press releases from academic medical centers often form the basis for health and science news stories. Press release coverage of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) research has not been formally appraised in the literature. Objective To perform a systematic content analysis of mTBI-based press releases. Design Retrospective database study. Setting EurekAlert! (eurekalert.org), the main distribution engine for scientific press releases. Participants Press releases indexed between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2019 containing a minimum of 150 words. Interventions Pre-established, investigator-generated criteria delineating aspects of misinformation. Main outcome measures Press releases were evaluated for manifestations of "spin," including misleading title, misleading reporting, misleading claims, and inappropriate extrapolation. Results Our database search yielded 125 entries within the specified time period. Of these, 66 met inclusion criteria. Fifty-five of 66 (83%) press releases exhibited at least one manifestation of spin. We identified 38 (58%) with misleading titles, 49 (74%) with misleading reporting, 44 (67%) with misleading claims, and 38 (58%) with inappropriate extrapolation. Conclusions Our analysis revealed a high degree of spin in recent press releases dedicated to mTBI research. The reports often overstated the strengths and practical impact of the study, publicize sub-standard research without clinical relevance, while downplaying or failing to report limitations and caveats. Misrepresentation in press releases can affect real-life medical decisions and outcomes. Level of evidence III This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Active Learning Techniques for Preparing NeuroIS Researchers

The field of neuroIS is rapidly evolving, and there is a need to create a research and work force at various levels of the academy ranging from undergraduate students to professors. Motivation is not an issue with neuroIS as students are typically excited to learn, but how do we teach them the skills they need to succeed? Active learning is a pedagogical technique that has a natural fit with neuroIS. It focuses on the higher levels of learning that are essential in the field. This paper is an introduction to active learning for the benefit of the neuroIS community. It discusses examples of what can be done as well as challenges that need to be overcome.
Development, Implementation, and Assessment of a New Competency and Outcomes-Based Orientation in an Air Medical Transport Program

Abstract Objective The development and evaluation of new employees in air medical transport has historically lacked standardization and competency-based learning goals. Here we discuss the development, implementation, and assessment of a new competency-based education and evaluation method at Geisinger's Life Flight air medical transport service. Methods Using Bloom's taxonomy of learning, 14 competencies for flight employees were identified. An electronic database was created to track progress across competencies and serve as an information repository for the identification of goals and the development of individualized learning plans. Ten months after implementation of the new method, 11 preceptors and education team members were surveyed to understand their views on the new program. Results At the time of survey administration, 20 orientees had completed orientation under the new education and evaluation program in an average of 6.45 weeks, with a range of 3 to 10 weeks. Of the 11 surveyed instructors, 81.1% definitely agree that the new method adequately assesses performance compared with 45.5% with the previous unstandardized method; 81.8% of the instructors rated the overall change as very helpful. Conclusion The adoption of a competency-based learning model for air medical transport employee education and evaluation improves the assessment of performance and allows for the development of customized learning plans.
Population genomics as a new tool for wildlife management.

Admixture and introgression have varied effects on population viability and fitness. Admixture might be an important source of new alleles, particularly for small, geographically isolated populations. However, admixture might also cause outbreeding depression if populations are adapted to different ecological or climatic conditions. Because of the emerging use of translocation and admixture as a conservation and wildlife management strategy to reduce genetic load (termed genetic rescue), the possible effects of admixture have practical consequences (Bouzat et al. 2009; Hedrick & Fredrickson 2010). Importantly, genetic load and local adaptation are properties of individual loci and epistatic interactions among loci rather than properties of genomes. Likewise, the outcome and consequences of genetic rescue depend on the fitness effects of individual introduced alleles. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Miller et al. (2012) use model-based, population genomic analyses to document locus-specific effects of a recent genetic rescue in the bighorn sheep population within the National Bison Range wildlife refuge (NBR; Montana, USA). They find a subset of introduced alleles associated with increased fitness in NBR bighorn sheep, some of which experienced accelerated introgression following their introduction. These loci mark regions of the genome that could constitute the genetic basis of the successful NBR bighorn sheep genetic rescue. Although population genomic analyses are frequently used to study local adaptation and selection (e.g. Hohenlohe et al. 2010; Lawniczak et al. 2010), this study constitutes a novel application of this analytical framework for wildlife management. Moreover, the detailed demographic data available for the NBR bighorn sheep population provide a rare and powerful source of information and allow more robust population genomic inference than is often possible.
Effect of embedded-SiGe (eSiGe) on ESD TLP and VFTLP characteristics of diode-triggered silicon controlled rectifiers (DTSCRs)

Effect of embedded-SiGe (eSiGe) in anode regions of DTSCRs during TLP and VFTLP testing is investigated. 100ns TLP results of DTSCRs with eSiGe show lower parasitic PNP beta, higher trigger voltage, higher holding voltage and premature snapback failure. Turn-on time measured during VFTLP testing is shown not to be affected by eSiGe due to the breakdown of SCR NW to PW/substrate junction during the initial overshoot.
Clinical Characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether traditional risk factors are common in older adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Atlanta, Georgia. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 94 community-dwelling adults aged 62 to 91. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, medical, and sleep-related information obtained using questionnaires. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and 72-hour voiding diary were used to determine daytime sleepiness and nocturia frequency, respectively. Overnight ambulatory sleep recording device was used to screen for OSA. RESULTS: Fifteen female and 15 male subjects had an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 15 or more per hour of sleep (moderate to severe OSA). Traditional risk factors such as snoring, body mass index, and neck circumference were not significantly associated with OSA. An AHI of 15 or more per hour was independently associated with not feeling well rested in the morning, higher ESS score, and greater frequency of nocturia. CONCLUSION: Traditional risk factors for OSA were not common presenting symptoms and signs in study subjects with an AHI of 15 or more per hour of sleep; this may contribute to underdiagnosis of OSA in this population. Subjects with an AHI of 15 or more per hour had more sleep-related complaints and excessive daytime sleepiness. Although occult, this suggests that OSA may contribute to disease burden in this group of people.
Parallel Parsing of MPEG Video in a Multi-threaded Multiprocessor Environment

Video parsing refers to the detection of scene changes and special effects in the video stream and is used to extract key frames from a video stream. In this paper, we propose parallel algorithms for the detection of scene changes and special effects in MPEG video in a multi-threaded multiprocessor environment. The parallel video parsing algorithms are capable of detecting abrupt scene changes (cuts), gradual scene changes (dissolves) and dominant camera motion in the form of pans and zooms in an MPEG1-coded video stream while entailing minimal decompression of the MPEG1 video stream. Experimental results on real video clips in a multi-threaded multiprocessor environment are presented. These algorithms are useful when real-time parsing of streaming video or high-throughput parsing of archival video are desired.
NASA Microgravity Research Program

This fiscal year (FY) 1997 annual report describes key elements of the NASA Microgravity Research Program (MRP) as conducted by the Microgravity Research Division (MRD) within NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity, Sciences and Applications. The program's goals, approach taken to achieve those goals, and program resources are summarized. All snapshots of the program's status at the end of FY 1997 and a review of highlights and progress in grounds and flights based research are provided. Also described are major space missions that flew during FY 1997, plans for utilization of the research potential of the International Space Station, the Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program, and various educational/outreach activities. The MRP supports investigators from academia, industry, and government research communities needing a space environment to study phenomena directly or indirectly affected by gravity.