cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Freezing eliminates a specific population of l-glutamate receptors in synaptic membranes☆

Abstract The binding of l -[ 3 H]glutamate ( l -Glu) to freeze-thawed synaptic membranes (SPMs) exhibited saturation kinetics, with K d 507 nM and B max 6.99 pmol/mg protein. The effects of ions, the susceptibility to Triton X-100 and the pharmacological properties of the binding indicated that those sites detected in freeze-thawed SPMs were only of the C1 − /Ca 2+ -independent type. The C1 − /Ca 2+ -dependent (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate-sensitive) l -Glu binding sites which are additionally present in fresh SPMs are abolished by freezing.
BIRACIAL YOUTH AND FAMILIES IN THERAPY: ISSUES AND INTERVENTIONS

Empirical research and clinical resources focusing specifically on minority youth and families have increased tremendously in the last 2 decades. Despite this trend, certain groups continue to be relatively neglected. In particular, very few resources exist for understanding the unique challenges that often face biracial youth and their families. In this article, we use a nationally representative database to compare functioning in biracial youth to white adolescents and other minority adolescents. Results suggest that biracial/biethnic youth are a particularly vulnerable group in terms of self-reported delinquency, school problems, internalizing symptoms, and self-regard. As a group, they are also more likely to receive some form of psychological intervention. Given these findings and the shortcoming of clinical resources for work with this population, we provide an in-depth discussion of why biracial youth may be particularly vulnerable from a social-constructionist framework and offer several strategies based on narrative family therapy for working with biracial youngsters and their families.
A Method for Microinjection of Patiria minata Zygotes

Echinoderms have long been a favorite model system for studies of reproduction and development, and more recently for the study of gene regulation and evolution of developmental processes. The sea star, Patiria miniata, is gaining prevalence as a model system for these types of studies which were previously performed almost exclusively in the sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus variegatus. An advantage of these model systems is the ease of producing modified embryos in which a particular gene is up or downregulated, labeling a group of cells, or introducing a reporter gene. A single microinjection method is capable of creating a wide variety of such modified embryos. Here, we present a method for obtaining gametes from P. miniata, producing zygotes, and introducing perturbing reagents via microinjection. Healthy morphant embryos are subsequently isolated for quantitative and qualitative studies of gene function. The availability of genome and transcriptome data for this organism has increased the types of studies that are performed and the ease of executing them.
Delirium in the elderly resulting from azithromycin therapy.

Abstract Backround Azithromycin, a semi-synthetic azalide antibiotic, is a macrolide that thus far has not shared the neuropsychiatric side effects of other macrolides such as erythromycin and clarithromycin. Methods We now report significant delirium associated with conventional dosing of azithromycin in two geriatric patients who were being treated for lower respiratory tract infection. Results The onset of delirium was apparent within 72 hours of initiating azithromycin therapy and lasted 48 to 72 hours after discontinuing treatment with the drug. Conclusions In contrast to the adverse central nervous system symptoms associated with clarithromycin, those induced by azithromycin seem to take longer to resolve, perhaps based upon the longer elimination half-life of the latter antimicrobial, particularly in geriatric women.
Pathogenesis of osteopetrosis in the microphthalmic mouse: reduced bone resorption.

Bone resorption, stimulated by injection of parathyroid extract, was measured in vivo in microphthalmic mice as the rate of release of 3H from bone after incorporation of 3H-proline. Bone resorption in these mice, which inherit osteopetrosis, was less than 10% of that in normal littermates. Autoradiography confirmed the reduction in removal of radioactive bone matrix and in bone growth in microphthalmic mice. The ability of these mice to raise the serum calcium concentration in response to PTE was also reduce. These results, that bone resorption is reduced in microphthalmic mice, are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis and cure of the disease.
Heterogeneous dynamics in ionic liquids at the glass transition: Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements of probe rotational motion from Tg − 6 K to Tg + 4 K

Abstract The rotational dynamics of tetracene and rubrene in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C 4 C 1 im][PF 6 ]) at the glass transition ( T g = 196 K), from T g − 6 K to T g + 4 K, were measured using the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The rotational anisotropy decays of these probes in [C 4 C 1 im][PF 6 ] were found to be non-exponential and well fit by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) function with the stretching parameter β KWW equal to 0.70 ± 0.03 for tetracene and 0.88 ± 0.04 for rubrene in the temperature range of the measurements. The rotational correlation time τ c at T g is equal to 19 ± 1 s for the smaller probe tetracene and 180 ± 40 s for the larger probe rubrene. Below T g , τ c shows a slight decoupling from the extrapolation of fits of the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation to the viscosity η . This decoupling is characterized by a fractional Debye–Stokes–Einstein relation, τ c ∝ η ξ / T , with ξ equal to 0.78 ± 0.02 for rubrene and 0.85 ± 0.01 for tetracene. The dependence of β KWW on probe size is consistent with the dynamics in [C 4 C 1 im][PF 6 ] being heterogeneous and is rationalized in terms of the time scale of the probe rotational motion compared to the domain exchange time.
EXPLORES: An integrated learning environment to produce industry ready graduates

To maintain competitive advantages in today's global market, US companies are challenging higher education institutions to bridge competency gaps between industry workforce needs and what is provided by engineering education programs. To meet this challenge, the Mechanical Engineering program at the University of Cincinnati proposes the EXPLORES (Experiential and Problem-based Learning within Opportunities for Real-world Engineering Settings) model where students from freshman year onwards are exposed to real-world industrial problems that have a direct bearing on fundamental engineering concepts. The EXPLORES model is implemented in a learner-centered, knowledge-centered, assessment-centered, and community-centered student learning environment. Although inclusion of real-world industrial problems into engineering curriculum is not a new invention, the EXPLORES model is unique in the following aspects: (1) the problems span multiple courses so students need to have the ability to synthesize knowledge acquired from different courses in order to develop complete solutions; (2) industry partners are an integral part of the education process by providing problem design, periodic feedback, and expert solution; and (3) an on-line virtual company framework is used to facilitate information sharing and motivate student learning.
Renal Excretion of Sodium During Oral Water Administration in Patients with Systemic Hypertension

The renal excretion of sodium and water was studied in 10 hypertensive subjects following an oral sustained 20 ml/kg water load. The study was performed under conditions controlled for sodium content of the diet, time of the day, and posture; the urine was collected by spontaneous voiding. The results were compared with those obtained from 10 normotensive subjects studied under similar conditions. The increased urine flow following the water load in the hypertensive subjects was not accompanied by increased excretion of sodium, a pattern similar to the one observed in the normotensive subjects. Comparing the group of hypertensive subjects with previously studied normotensives revealed the following additional information. The hypertensive subjects responded to water administration by increasing volume and CHH2O more rapidly than the normotensives; however, the maximal response was not significantly different. The fractional reabsorption of sodium was less in the hypertensive subjects despite a lower filte...
Water and electrolyte balance of the desert iguana, dipsosaurus dorsalis, in its natural habitat☆

Desert iguanas, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, collected at different times of the year in the Coachella Valley, California, showed no signs of dehydration or accumulation of electrolytes. 2. Variations in body water content and in the distribution of body fluids were related to variations in the amount of fat in the animal. 3. Electrolyte concentrations did not vary in the plasma or intracellular fluid. Variations in urinary electrolytes were correlated with variations in dietary electrolytes. 4. Significant quantities of cations were excreted in the urine as precipitated urate salts. The low solubility of these salts permits their excretion with a small loss of water.
Convergence of an adaptive filter with signed filtered error

The need for high-speed adaptive filters has prompted the search for alternatives to the popular LMS algorithm. One modification is the replacement of the prediction error term in the LMS update kernel by its signum function. At the same time, in noise and echo cancellation problems, reduced residual noise variance often requires error filtering. In the paper, the authors consider the situation where the signum function of such a filtered error appears in the update kernel. Without the signum function, the error model of the filtered algorithms is similar to those in output error identifiers, and a strictly positive real (SPR) error filter suffices for convergence. The authors analyze the signed filtered error algorithm to show that because of the sign operator a SPR error filter no longer guarantees convergence. A new concept in systems theory, namely, that of strictly dominant passivity (SDP) is introduced instead. A system is SDP if the average product of its output and the signum of the input is positive. The authors conduct a systems theoretic investigation of the SDP condition and prove that the algorithm under study is convergent if the inverse of the error filter is SDP. >
Diagnosis of Equipment Failures

This paper introduces several new concepts which are applicable to the problem of diagnosis of equipment failures. Following the definitions of an equipment, an element of the equipment, and the model of a test, a general diagram of a testing procedure is developed. The testing diagram is constructed in such a way that the various tests needed and the probability of failure of the elements are readily incorporated. While it is found that a completely general testing diagram becomes quite complicated even when the equipment under consideration is not intricate, a major simplification is obtained by introducing a simplified diagram with suitably restricted tests. This simplified testing diagram may be used repeatedly in order to find all the faulty elements of the equipment. With reference to the testing diagram, it is possible to compute the minimum average cost of diagnosing the equipment. This appears to be the most useful measure of the efficiency of a test procedure. The order of magnitude of this optimization problem is discussed and solutions for two special cases are obtained by analogy with an optimum coding problem.
Energy transfer and fluorescence characteristics of erbium-doped ytterbium aluminum garnet

Abstract We have examined the fluorescence characteristics of the garnet-type crystal Yb3Al5O12 : Er3+ (YbAlG : Er3+) and studied the energy transfer process between the two rare earth ions over a temperature range 78–297 K. Certain data were compared with those of YAlG : Er3+. In YbAlG : Er3+, Yb fluorescence is observed at ≉1.03 μm (corresponding to the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transition); Er fluorescence occurs at ≉8500 A (4S3/2 → 4I13/2 transition) and ≉1.6 μm (4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition). In YAlG : Er3+, the same Er lines are observed with the addition of a band at ≉1 μ (4I11/2→4I15/2 transition). In YbAlG : Er3+, the decay pattern of the Yb emission is purely exponential at all the temperatures examined; the fluorescence lifetime ranges from 36 μ s (at 78 K) to 74 μs(at 269 K). The lifetime of the Er4I13/2 level in the same sample increases from 5.4 ms (at 78 K) to 6.85 ms (at 294 K). The lifetime of this Er level in YAlG : Er3+ is weakly temperature dependent over the same range with a value of ≉12 ms. Excitation spectra were obtained for the Er 1.53 μm fluorescence in YbAlG : Er3+ in order to verify the presence of Yb → Er energy transfer in this sample. The presence of the Yb absorption band (≉1 μm) in these spectra provides direct evidence of this energy transfer. The relative enhancement of this Yb band with respect to the Er bands in going from 78 K to 175 K is an indication of a more efficient transfer at the higher temperature. Excitation spectra obtained for the Yb 1.03 μm fluorescence in YbAlG : Er3+ revealed the presence of Er → Yb energy transfer as well in this sample. The existence of both Yb → Er and Er → Yb transfer is expected, due to the resonance between the 4I11/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er and the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transition of Yb. The above results are explained in terms of a rate equation model in which transfer in both directions is treated in the following manner: Yb → Er transfer is considered to be much more probable than decay processes originating at the Yb 2F5/2 level; Er → Yb transfer is treated as much more probable than decay processes originating at the Er 4I11/2 level.
Condensation of monovalent and divalent metal ions on a Langmuir monolayer

A system that consists of a monolayer spread on a solution containing a monovalent and a divalent ion is investigated. The solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann-Stern equation for this system indicates that the metal ions segregating to the surface can be found in two distinct states. Divalent ions are chemically condensed on the monolayer, while monovalent ions are electrically attracted to it. We derive simple expressions for the charge left on the surfactant monolayer and the amount of metal ions condensed on the monolayer. These formulas reproduce very accurately (to within pro milles) the values obtained using the nonlinear Grahame equation and eliminate the need to solve that equation. That permits a simple identification of the state of the surfactant monolayer and we propose a universal condensation chart that characterizes the state of the surfactant. We further derive a chemical equilibrium equation for the surface components that has considerable range of validity. This equation requires a knowledge of the bulk concentrations only, and thus allows in many cases the identification of the state of the monolayer, avoiding the need to solve the full nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. All existing experimental results on Langmuir systems are in good agreement with the one-dimensional Poisson-Boltzmann-Stern model with no adjustable parameters. Several of these fits are presented in this work and are also mapped on the condensation chart. Our calculations point to some characteristic differences between the monovalent and the divalent ions that explain why it is possible to build Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers from divalent compensated surfactants but not from monovalent ones.
Colloid Transport and Filtration of Cryptosporidium parvum in Sandy Soils and Aquifer Sediments

We present theoretical and experimental work on Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to characterize their transport behavior in saturated, sandy sediments under strictly controlled conditions. Column experiments are implemented with three different sands (effective grain size: 180, 420, and 1400 μm) at two different saturated flow rates (0.7 and 7 m/d). The experiments show that C. parvum oocysts, like other colloids, are subject to velocity enhancement. In medium and coarse sands, the oocysts travel 10−30% faster than a conservative tracer. The classic clean-bed filtration model is found to provide an excellent tool to estimate the degree of C. parvum filtration. Experimentally determined collision efficiencies, α, range from 0.4 to 1.1. The magnitude of α is consistent with the known physical and chemical properties of the oocyst and the transport medium and compares well with, e.g., measured collision efficiencies of similarly sized E. coli bacteria. However, a significant amount of the initial deposition ...
Personality and symptom sensitivity predictors of alprazolam withdrawal in panic disorder.

Background. Discontinuation of benzodiazepine (BZ) treatment results in a well-characterized withdrawal syndrome in 40–50% of anxious patients. While numerous studies have established the role of BZ dose, treatment duration, half-life, potency, rate of withdrawal and severity of underlying anxiety disorder in predicting severity of withdrawal symptoms, fewer studies have examined the role of psychological and personality factors. Method. In 123 panic disorder patients undergoing gradual tapered discontinuation of alprazolam in conjunction with pre-treatment with carbamazepine or placebo, the relationship between measures of ‘symptom sensitivity’ and ‘harm avoidance’, and severity of withdrawal symptoms measured as peak severity of symptoms, time before taper needed to be slowed due to symptoms, and ability to complete taper, was examined. Results. After controlling for the less substantial effects of dose, treatment duration, pre-taper anxiety and panic attack frequency, measures of symptom sensitivity and harm avoidance accounted for an additional 3–6% of withdrawal variance. Conclusions. These results show an effect of symptom sensitivity and harm avoidance on BZ withdrawal symptoms, comparable to prior findings linking dependent personality characteristics to withdrawal severity. Failure to show the expected effect on ability to complete taper may be due to either the more symptomatic nature of the patients in this study.
Analyzing the success of student transitions from 2- to 4-year institutions within a state

Abstract Multiple 2- and 4-year public institutions exist within many states in the United States. Our paper develops a methodology that can be used to help evaluate how each 2-year public institution in a state is doing in preparing those of its students who transfer to 4-year public institutions in the state to successfully complete 4-year programs. Similarly the methodology can be used to help evaluate how well each 4-year public institution in the state is doing in educating and graduating those students from 2-year public institutions that transfer to it. The methodology is illustrated using date provided by the Office of Institutional Research and Analysis of the State University of New York.
Comparison of vancomycin- and teicoplanin-induced histamine release and "red man syndrome".

Twelve healthy adult males participated in a double-blind, randomized, two-way crossover study to determine histamine release and the frequency and severity of "red man syndrome" (RMS) following intravenous administration of vancomycin (15 mg/kg of body weight over 60 min) and teicoplanin (15 mg/kg over 30 min). Concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin in serum and concentrations of histamine in plasma were measured at baseline and during and after each infusion. Erythema and pruritus were classified a priori as mild, moderate, or severe. The extent of erythema was determined by the use of a burn chart, and pruritus was assessed by the subject with a rank scale. Global severity of RMS was determined by summation of the individual scores for pruritus and erythema. Baseline areas under the concentration-time curve for histamine were not significantly different for the vancomycin and teicoplanin treatments. Vancomycin caused RMS in 11 of 12 subjects (9 severe and 2 moderate cases) and was associated with a significant increase in plasma histamine (46.7 +/- 31.3 ng.min/ml, P less than 0.05). In contrast, teicoplanin did not cause RMS or elicit significant histamine release (8.7 +/- 13.2 ng.min/ml). Peak concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin in serum were 58.8 +/- 8.4 and 148.0 +/- 31.8 micrograms/ml, respectively (P less than 0.05). Assuming equal efficacy, these data suggest that teicoplanin may be a safe alternative agent in subjects experiencing severe RMS due to vancomycin; however, further studies in the clinical setting are needed.
EFFECT OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS ON TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION AND MOTILITY PARAMETERS IN HUMAN SPERM

Tyrosine phosphorylation has recently been associated with capacitation and suggested as a regulator of sperm movement, especially characterizing hyperactivation. The objective of this study was to verify if tyrosine phosphorylation of human sperm proteins was essentially required for the maintenance of motility as well as the development of hyperactivation. Washed sperm were incubated for 6 h in Ham's F10 + 0.35% HSA at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2), with and without the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein, tyrphostin, erbstatin, or herbimycin A and the wide-spectrum kinase inhibitor staurosporin. The concentrations of the inhibitors used in the experiments did not induce sperm toxicity, as measured by membrane integrity and mitochondrial function assays. Samples incubated without the inhibitors (control), increased their tyrosine kinase activity (ELISA), the number and intensity of tyrosine-phosphorylated (PY) protein bands (Western blot), the incidence of PY-immunoreactive sperm (immunofluorescence), and some of the sperm motion characteristics (CASA), such as velocity (VEL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and hyperactivation. Among the selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein was the most active and consistent, inhibiting sperm tyrosine kinase activity, PY proteins, incidence of PY sperm, and sperm motility and motion parameters, such as VEL, ALH, and hyperactivation. The rest of the kinase inhibitors decreased motion characteristics to a varied extent and had different effects on phosphorylation parameters. In general, they decreased PY phosphorylation of 2 proteins (83 and 54 kDa) present in whole sperm extracts, and two sets of proteins of low (39-49 kDa) and medium (55-87 kDa) molecular weight present in the Triton X-100-solubilized sperm protein fraction. This inhibition was evident regardless of the total tyrosine kinase activity of the samples or the incidence of PY-immunoreactive sperm. The described findings further support the association between motility and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in human sperm and point to certain proteins as the main linkers.
An examination of response bias in multiletter matching.

When pairs of letters or letter strings are classified as “same” or “different,” correct “same” responses often are faster than correct “different” responses. Researchers have disagreed about the importance of this fast-same phenomenon, with some regarding it as indicative of a critical, basic characteristic of pattern recognition processes and others regarding it as a byproduct of response criteria. The present experiments examined this issue for multiletter matching. Two procedures were used, one in which response bias was manipulated by varying the proportion ofsame pairs and another in which string length effects were examined for a situation designed to minimize premature termination of the comparison process. The procedures provided converging results, indicating that, although the fast-same effect customarily obtained with simultaneous presentation of the pair of letter strings is likely due to response bias, the effect obtained with successive presentation is not. With successive presentation,same strings have a processing advantage overdifferent strings that apparently is due, at least in part, to facilitation in the encoding of the second string.
SU-E-T-31: Alternative VMAT Technique Reduces Total Monitor Units for Lung SBRT

Purpose: To investigate an alternative approach to VMAT optimization for hypofractionation lung treatment which increases average aperture opening and results in lower total Monitor Units (MU) without significantly sacrificing plan quality. Methods: Benchmark Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (bVMAT) plans were generated for 10 lung Stereotactic Body radiotherapy (SBRT) cases using Eclipse Version 11.0.42 (Varian Medical Systems) without a maximum MU constraint. Prescriptions ranged from 40 to 54Gy in 3 to 5 fractions. AAA dose calculation and PRO fluence based optimization was utilized. Two comparison VMAT plans were generated for each case, one that forced an initial “open” mlc aperture conformal to the tumor as a starting condition (oVMAT) with similar optimization parameters and arc geometries, and one that repeated the bVMAT optimization but added a maximum MU constraint (muVMAT). All plans used two arcs with lengths between 168 to 230 degrees. PTV D 95% and Dmean, lung V20 Gy, chest wall V30 Gy, average aperture opening and MU's were compared. Statistical significance was evaluated using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Average PTV D(95), PTV mean and lung V20Gy over all plans was 99.2 ± 1.7%, 103.3 ± 0.6% and 7.8 ± 2.4% respectively. The average chest wall V30Gy was 61more » ± 61 cc and ranged between 0 to 166 cc. There were no significant differences between the three techniques for the dosimetric quantities. MUs were reduced by 11 ±11% (p<0.01) and 25 ± 5% (p<0.01) and the average aperture size was increased by 13.7 ± 14% (p=0.02) and 35.8 ± 10% (p<0.01) with muVMAT and oVMAT, respectively, compared to bVMAT. Conclusion: oVMAT and muVMAT techniques were both able to increase average aperture size and reduce total MU compared to the benchmark VMAT plan, but the magnitude of the changes observed for oVMAT was larger.« less
Large applications of fertilizer N at planting affects seed protein and oil concentration and yield in the early soybean production system

An inverse relationship between soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed protein and oil concentration is well documented in the literature. A negative correlation between protein and yield is also often reported. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high rates of N applied at planting on seed protein and oil. Nitrogen was surface-applied at soybean emergence at rates of 290 kg ha � 1 in 2002, 310 kg ha � 1 in 2003, and 360 kg ha � 1 in 2004. Eight cultivars ranging from Maturity Group II–IV were evaluated under the Early Soybean Production System (ESPS). However, not all cultivars were evaluated in all 3 years. Glyphosate herbicide was used in all 3 years and a non-glyphosate herbicide treatment was applied in 2002. Cultivars grown in 2003 were also evaluated under an application of 21.3 kg ha � 1 of Mn. All cultivar, herbicide, and Mn treatments were evaluated in irrigated and non-irrigated environments with fertilizer N (PlusN treatment) or without fertilizer N (ZeroN treatment). When analyzed over all management practices (years, cultivars, herbicide, and Mn treatments), the PlusN treatment resulted in a significant decrease in protein concentration (2.7 and 1.9%), an increase in oil concentration (2.2 and 2.7%), and a decrease in the protein/oil ratio (4.7 and 4.6%) for the irrigated and non-irrigated environments, respectively. However, the overall protein and oil yield increased with the application of fertilizer N at planting (protein: 5.0% irrigated, 12.7% non-irrigated and oil: 9.9% irrigated and 18.9% non-irrigated). These increases were due to the increase in seed yield with the application of large amounts of fertilizer at planting. Additionally, a significant correlation (r = 0.45, P = 0.0001) was found between seed protein concentration and seed yield. No significant correlation was found between seed oil concentration and seed yield. The data demonstrate the inverse relationship between protein and oil and indicate that large amounts of N applied at planting do not change this relationship. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Operator evolution via the similarity renormalization group: The deuteron

Similarity renormalization group (SRG) flow equations can be used to unitarily soften nuclear Hamiltonians by decoupling high-energy intermediate-state contributions to low-energy observables while maintaining the natural hierarchy of many-body forces. Analogous flow equations can be used to consistently evolve operators so that observables are unchanged if no approximations are made. The question in practice is whether the advantages of a softer Hamiltonian and less-correlated wave functions might be offset by complications in approximating and applying other operators. Here we examine the properties of SRG-evolved operators, focusing in this article on applications to the deuteron but leading toward methods for few-body systems. We find the advantageous features generally carry over to other operators with additional simplifications in some cases from factorization of the unitary transformation operator.
Live free or die: cell-cell adhesion regulates sensitivity to trail-induced apoptosis

The ability of the death ligand TRAIL to induce tumor cell apoptosis has led to the development of TRAIL-based cancer therapies. Reporting recently in Molecular Cell, Lu et al. (2014) show that the basis for differential TRAIL responses involves clustering of death receptor complexes by E-cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton.
Predicting and measuring the solubility of p,p'- DDT in water.

In the course of developing techniques for studying the adsorption and movement in soil of extremely dilute aqueous p,p'-DDT suspensions, it was essential to determine the solubility or concentration of p,p'-DDT in water under identical experimental conditions to those experienced in adsorption and movement studies. Furthermore, it seemed desirable to determine whether the concentration of DDT in a stable suspension if not a true solution could be predicted by thermodynamic considerations for a set of conditions different from those examined experimentally. The literature contains several values for the solubility of DDT obtained by a variety of analytical techniqueS. Richards and Cutkomp (8) reported a range of 0.2 to i~ ppb at 15~C determined by bio-assay with mosquito larvae while Roeder and Weiant (I0) estimated i0 to i00 ppb at room temperature as determined by nerve reactions in cockroaches. Babers (2) and Bowman et al., (3) reported values of 37~ ppb and not more than 1.2 ppb at 25~ respectively, determined by radiometric analysis. Gauvadan and Poussel (67 estimated a solubility of I00 ppb at 18~ by a
Identification of deadwood in configuration spaces through general direct configuration interaction

In order to identify ineffective and, hence, superfluous configurations in algorithmically generated configuration spaces, a direct configuration interaction (CI) method has been developed for determining completely general configurational expansions based on arbitrary determinantal configuration lists. While based on the determinantal ordering scheme of Knowles and Handy, our direct CI algorithm differs from previous ones by the use of the Slater–Condon expressions in direct conjunction with single and double replacements. A full, as well as a completely general selected, CI program has been implemented. With it, full configuration spaces of Ne, C2, CO and H2O with up to about 40 million determinants have been investigated. It has been found that, in all cases, fewer than 1% of the configurations in a natural-orbital-based configuration expansion reproduce the exact results within chemical accuracy.
Is Fingerprint Identification Valid? Rhetorics of Reliability in Fingerprint Proponents’ Discourse

Beginning around 1999, a growing number of scholars have claimed that validation studies for forensic fingerprint identification do not exist. This article revisits that claim by reviewing literature produced by proponents of fingerprint identification in response to that charge. It shows that fingerprint proponents employ rhetorical tricks in which they claim to address the validity question, but then subtly shift the question to ones that are easier to address. The article explores several different rhetorical strategies fingerprint proponents use to appear to be demonstrating validity, while in fact demonstrating other things. These include the fingerprint examiner's fallacy and the casework fallacy. The inability of fingerprint proponents to refute the charge that validity studies are lacking is further evidence that the charge is, in fact, correct.
Hall coefficient and reflectivity evidence that TiS2 is a semiconductor

A series of measurements of the Hall coefficient, infrared reflectivity, thermoelectric power and electrical resistivity of Ti1+xS2 single crystals with various degrees of stoichiometry is described, where, for the first time, each measurement was made on the same crystal (or crystals from the same batch). None of these measurements taken alone can distinguish between the semimetallic or semiconducting models of TiS2. However, by making all four measurements on each sample, it has been possible to establish correlations between the results for different samples. It was found that the product of the Hall coefficient and the square of the plasma frequency is the same for all samples, a result that is consistent with a semiconductor model, but is inconsistent with a semimetal. Nevertheless the most stoichiometric samples remain metallic with electron concentrations of 2*1020 cm-3. It was also found that the resistivity data cannot be explained by carrier-carrier or optical phonon scattering. Therefore, both the source of the residual conduction electrons and the scattering mechanism in TiS2 remain unknown.
The influence of later-arriving sounds on the ability of listeners to judge the lateral position of a source.

This study examined the deleterious effects of a later-arriving sound on the processing of interaural differences of time (IDTs) from a preceding sound. A correlational analysis assessed the relative weight given to IDTs of source and echo clicks for echo delays of 1–64ms when the echo click was attenuated relative to the source click (0–36dB). Also measured were proportion correct and the proportion of responses predicted from the weights. The IDTs of source and echo clicks were selected independently from Gaussian distributions (μ=0μs, σ=100μs). Listeners were instructed to indicate the laterality of the source click. Equal weight was given to the source and echo clicks for echo delays of 64ms with no echo attenuation. For echo delays of 16–64ms, attenuating the echo had no substantial effect on source weight or proportion correct until the echo was attenuated by 18–30dB. At echo delays ≤4ms, source weights and proportions correct remained high regardless of echo attenuation. The proportions of responses predicted from the weights were lower at echo delays ≥16ms. Results were discussed in terms of backward recognition masking and binaural sluggishness and compared to measurements of echo disturbance.
Flow diagnostics of an arcjet using laser-induced fluorescence

A diagnostic has been developed to measure velocity and translational temperature in the plume of an arcjet thruster. Laser induced fluorescence with a narrowband CW laser is used to probe the Balmer alpha transition of excited atomic hydrogen. The velocity is determined from the Doppler shift of the fluorescence excitation spectrum while temperature is inferred from its shape. Analysis shows that while Doppler broadening is the only significant broadening mechanism, the fine structure of the transition must be accounted for. Near the exit plane, axial velocities vary from 4 to 14 km/s; radial velocities vary from 0 to 4 km/s; and swirl velocities are shown to be relatively small. Temperatures from 1000 to 5000 K indicate high dissociation fractions.
Pathologic changes in the peripheral airways of young cigarette smokers.

Abstract The lungs of young smokers and controls of comparable age from a population of sudden non-hospital deaths were systematically studied to determine the relation between cigarette smoking and pathologic changes in peripheral airways. The characteristic lesion observed was a respiratory bronchiolitis associated with clusters of pigmented alveolar macrophages and was present in the lungs of all smokers studied but rarely seen in nonsmokers (p<0.002). The lungs of smokers also showed small but significant increases in mural inflammatory cells and denuded epithelium in the membranous bronchioles as compared to controls (p<0.05). We postulate that this respiratory bronchiolitis is a precursor of centriacinar emphysema and may be responsible for the subtle functional abnormalities observed in young smokers. (N Engl J Med 291: 755–758, 1974)
Glycemic variability: a strong independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients.

Objectives:To determine the effect of glycemic variability, assessed by the standard deviation of each patient’s mean glucose level, on mortality in a population of critically ill adult patients.Design:Retrospective review of a large cohort of prospectively evaluated patients.Setting:Fourteen-bed me
Biologic features and prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ are not adversely impacted by initial large body mass

Obesity is associated with adverse biologic features and poor outcome in patients with invasive breast cancer, yet this relationship has not been evaluated in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). From 1996 to 2009, body mass index (BMI) was recorded at initial diagnosis for 1,885 patients with DCIS treated at our institution. Patients were categorized as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25 to <30 kg/m2), or of normal weight or underweight (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between BMI and patient, clinical, and pathologic features and treatment. Local–regional recurrence was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. All statistical tests were two-sided. Of the 1,885 patients, 514 (27.7%) were obese, 510 (27.5%) were overweight, and 831 (44.8%) were normal/underweight. In multivariate analysis, overweight and obese patients were significantly more likely to be African American (odds ratio [OR], 3.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.66–5.80) or Hispanic (OR, 1.44; CI, 1.02–2.04), be postmenopausal (OR, 1.63; CI, 1.28–2.07), have diabetes (OR, 4.60; CI, 2.60–8.12), have estrogen-receptor-positive DCIS (OR, 1.39; CI, 1.00–192), and present with a radiologic abnormality rather than clinical symptoms (OR, 1.35; CI, 1.01–1.80). At a median follow-up time of 4.96 years (range, 1.0–14.34 years), no significant differences in local recurrence rates were detected based on patients’ initial BMI category. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in risk of recurrence between diabetic patients receiving metformin or not. In conclusion, higher BMI is not associated with adverse biologic features or prognosis in patients with DCIS.
Episodic confusion and tremor associated with extrahepatic portacaval shunting in cirrhotic liver disease

In an elderly male patient with alcohol-related liver disease, who developed episodic confusion and tremor, we found a large extrahepatic portacaval shunt. He had no clinical or laboratory evidence of liver dysfunction except for an elevated serum ammonia level that increased further in response to an ammonium chloride challenge test. Extrahepatic portacaval shunting causing episodic confusion and tremor may occur with alcoholic liver disease without overt liver failure and may require abdominal angiography or a transhepatic portogram to demonstrate the shunt.
The Whole Student Catalog, an Academic and Career Planning Guide

This article describes an innovative catalog that serves as an orientation manual, career planning guide, directory of student services, and as an easily read college catalog. Procedures for creating, publishing, and revising the book are described. Suggestions for implementation in a variety of institutional and educational settings are given.
Factors Governing the Adaptation of Bacteria against Quaternaries

CHAPLIN has shown1 that, contrary to a view current until then2, it is possible to increase the resistance of certain Gram-negative bacteria to some quaternaries such as the cationic detergent ‘Roccal’ (alkyIdimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride).
Patterned color liquid crystal polymer polarizers

We demonstrate patterned polarizers for visible wavelengths using dichroic dye in a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) host. Contact lithography is used to pattern a thin alignment layer, which subsequently transfers the pattern to the LCP. A gray dichroic dye mixture for the visible spectrum is optimized and implemented along with LCP to fabricate this polarizer. A peak extinction ratio of 41 was measured at a 633 nm wavelength, while simultaneously showing patterns as small as 3 μm. Finally, multi layer films are demonstrated by fabricating a two layer patterned circular polarizer consisting of a quarter-wave retarder and a color polarizer. Our process has applications in three-dimensional displays, interferometry, optical storage, and polarimeters.
Quantum gas microscopy with spin, atom-number, and multilayer readout

It is shown how quantum gas microscopy, in which atoms in an optical lattice are imaged with single-site resolution, can be greatly improved by using a bilayer trapping potential, thus overcoming the long-standing limitation of parity projection in the imaging procedure.
Self-regeneration factors and mechanisms of mountain-tundra landscapes of Chukotka

Abstract Stability of mountain-tundra landscapes of Chukotka is treated as the capacity of geosystems for natural restoration. In this case study of a number of mining sites with a restoration period of 25–40 years, the effect of exogenous and biogenic factors is analyzed. It is concluded that the mountain-tundra landscapes are distinguished by plastic stability and that phytogenic and cryogenic processes have a dissimilar influence on geosystem restoration.
Translating concurrent programs into delay-insensitive circuits

A method is presented for automatically translating a concurrent program into an asynchronous circuit. The translation procedure involves a simple syntax-directed translation from program constructs into initial asynchronous circuits. The resulting circuits are improved with correctness-preserving circuit-to-circuit transformations similar to peephole optimization in conventional compilers. Because these steps can be proved to be correct, the programmer is guaranteed that any specification met by the program will also be met by the circuit. A system has been constructed to perform the translation automatically. A brief description of the method is given, followed by two examples of programs translated into circuits. >
Some properties of the generalized time frequency representation with cone-shaped kernel

The cone-shaped kernel generalized time-frequency representation (GTFR) of Zhao, Atlas, and Marks (ZAM) has been shown empirically to generate quite good time frequency representation in comparison to other approaches. The authors analyze some specific properties of this GTFR and compare them to other TFRs. Asymptotically, the GTFR is shown to produce results identical to that of the spectrogram for stationary signals. Interference terms normally present in many GTFRs are shown to be attenuated drastically by the use of the ZAM-GTFR. The ability of the ZAM-GTFR to track frequency hopping is shown to be close to that of the Wigner distribution. When a signal is subjected to white noise, the ZAM-GTFR produces an unbiased estimate of the ZAM-GTFR of the signal without noise. In many other GTFRs, the power spectral density of the noise is superimposed on the GTFR of the signal. It is also shown that, in discrete form, the ZAM-GTFR is generally invertible. >
Composing dataflow analyses and transformations

Dataflow analyses can have mutually beneficial interactions. Previous efforts to exploit these interactions have either (1) iteratively performed each individual analysis until no further improvements are discovered or (2) developed "super-analyses" that manually combine conceptually separate analyses. We have devised a new approach that allows analyses to be defined independently while still enabling them to be combined automatically and profitably. Our approach avoids the loss of precision associated with iterating individual analyses and the implementation difficulties of manually writing a super-analysis. The key to our approach is a novel method of implicit communication between the individual components of a super-analysis based on graph transformations. In this paper, we precisely define our approach; we demonstrate that it is sound and it terminates; finally we give experimental results showing that in practice (1) our framework produces results at least as precise as iterating the individual analyses while compiling at least 5 times faster, and (2) our framework achieves the same precision as a manually written super-analysis while incurring a compile-time overhead of less than 20%.
The influence of accelerator physics on the magnet design of a very large hadron collider

We present a study of the influence of accelerator physics on the design of magnets for very high energy hadron colliders. The limiting specifications of a particular VLHC model are estimated, and their effect on the design of the accelerator magnets is determined using simulations and scaling laws for magnet aperture, field quality, cryogenic and vacuum properties and cost. We show that there is a maximum useful field due to synchrotron radiation power and cost, and a minimum useful aperture due to synchrotron radiation and beam-stability.
A robust multi-application automatic gain control chip

This paper describes the design of a CMOS automatic gain control chip for use in hearing aids and similar applications. It uses linearized MOS resistive circuit to implement the amplifier variable gain thereby overcoming discrete gain step limitation set by using resistors or capacitors. With input stage fully differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) whose current outputs drive a high gain transimpedance amplifier (TIA), noise is minimized. To improve gain and performance, a common mode feedback stage is incorporated within the OTA. The chip has a simulated power consumption of 2.45 mW. At frequency of 20 MHz, the harmonic distortion is -48 dB for a 2 MHz 2 Vpp input voltage. A robust design with a single external control, it is designed in 0.5 mum 2P3M CMOS process.
The Centrality of Finance

In the contemporary conjuncture financialization is driving a fundamentalreorganization of American capitalism and increasingly that of other economiessignificantly impacting the trajectory of the world-system. This paper interrogates the nature and extent of financialization, the ways it is adding to systemic risk with attention to the future of the dollar, and implications for the relationship between US based finance and new emerging centers of the world-system.
Photoluminescence energy shift with excitation intensity in GaAs/InGaP heterostructures at high pressure

Abstract A blue-shift of photoluminescence peak energy with laser excitation power is observed in the lattice-matched GaAs/InGaP heterostructure at pressures high enough that the InGaP bandgaps are indirect. The transition energy from the InGaP X-conduction band minima to GaAs Γ-valence maximum increases linearly at low laser power and saturates at higher power, after a shift of 55 meV. The transition energy from the GaAs X-conduction minima to Γ-valence maximum remains unchanged. The results are explained on the basis of the electric field induced by excess carriers.