cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iker González-Allende, Líneas de fuego. Género y nación en la narrativa española durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939). Biblioteca Nueva, Madrid, 2011; 265 pp.

Se resena el libro: Lineas de fuego. Genero y nacion en la narrativa espanola durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939).
Will the Supreme Court Clean Up Takings Law in Murr v. Wisconsin

This article examines Murr v. Wisconsin, which will be the Supreme Court’s latest addition to its takings jurisprudence for the 2016–17 term. The precise question in the case asks how the “parcel-as-a-whole” test of Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York applies to two contiguous parcels that ended up under common ownership by different routes.The first part of the article argues that under the flawed Penn Central test, the two parcels should be treated as separate because their merger under common ownership did not increase any negative externalities on the protected St. Croix River. A simple mistake in conveyancing, easily avoided, should not wipe out development rights that any other owner could possess over the undeveloped parcel.The second part of this article attacks the dominant Penn Central test that makes the availability of any compensation turn on the ratio of the value taken to the full value of the parcel. The same political considerations that justify a per se compensation rule (subject to a police power exception) in physical cases apply equally in the regulatory context, given that both circumstances present opportunities for majoritarian abuses. The article then examines many of the cases cited in Penn Central, and some decided after it, to support the conclusion that in dealing with partial interests in land, be they air rights, mineral rights, liens, or covenants, the simple rule that sets compensation equal to the fair market value of the property lost outperforms on administrative and welfare grounds the Penn Central test, under which huge private losses are routinely ignored because they do not count as a sufficient diminution in value by a standard that is nowhere either articulated or defended. Penn Central should be overruled or cut down in size.
Functional traits of the understory plant community of a pyrogenic longleaf pine forest across environmental gradients.

Understanding and predicting the response of plant communities to environmental changes and disturbances such as fire requires an understanding of the functional traits present in the system, including within and across species variability, and their dynamics over time. These data are difficult to obtain as few studies provide comprehensive information for more than a few traits or species, rarely cover more than a single growing season, and usually present only summary statistics of trait values. As part of a larger study seeking to understand the dynamics of plant communities in response to different prescribed fire regimes, we measured the functional traits of the understory plant communities located in over 140 permanent plots spanning strong gradients in soil moisture in a pyrogenic longleaf pine forest in North Carolina, USA, over a four-year period from 2011 and 2014. We present over 120,000 individual trait measurements from over 130 plant species representing 91 genera from 47 families. We include data on the following 18 traits: specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf perimeter, plant height, leaf nitrogen, leaf carbon, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio, water use efficiency, time to ignition, maximum flame height, maximum burn temperature, mass-specific burn time, mass-specific smolder time, branching architecture, and the ratio of leaf matter consumed by fire. We also include information on locations, soil moisture, relative elevation, soil bulk density, and fire histories for each site. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Hard Working Coworkers: A Cross-Cultural Look at Group Work Hours and Work-Family Conflict

This study investigates the relationship between coworker work hours and perceived work-to-family (WFC) conflict in a multinational sample of professional service employees. Building on recent research on the ways in which work groups influence individual WFC we demonstrate that the average hours worked by coworkers has a significant relationship with reported WFC independent of an employee’s own work hours. While this finding is universal across the multinational sample, national cultural differences were found to moderate the relationship such that employees in collectivist countries are more strongly influenced by average coworker hours than their counterparts in more individualistic countries. These relationships were demonstrated using hierarchical linear modeling in a sample of 17,778 professional service employees in 620 different work groups across 21 countries. The results provided strong support for the effect of culture on the relationship between group average hours and perception WFC and have...
Queer Theory, Sex Work, and Foucault's Unreason

During the late nineties, leading voices of the sex worker rights movement began to publicly question queer theory’s virtual silence on the subject of prostitution and sex work. However, this attempt by sex workers to “come out of the closet” into the larger queer theoretical community has thus far failed to bring much attention to sex work as an explicitly queer issue. Refusing the obvious conclusion—that queer theory’s silence on sex work somehow proves its insignificance to this field of inquiry—I trace in Foucault’s oeuvre signs of an alternate (albeit differently) queer genealogy of prostitution and sex work. Both challenging and responding to long-standing debates about prostitution within feminist theory, I offer a new queer genealogy of sex work that aims to move beyond the rigid oppositions that continue to divide theorists of sexuality and gender. Focusing specifically on History of Madness (1961), Discipline and Punish (1975), and History of Sexuality Volume I (1976), I make the case for an alternate genealogy of sex work that takes seriously both the historical construction of prostitution and the lived experience of contemporary sex workers.
Sampling for Corn Flea Beetles Using Yellow Sticky Cards Placed at Different Heights and Orientations

When developing reliable disease management programs, it is important to ascertain the most reliable method to quantify the potential sources of inoculum for an epidemic. In the Stewart’s disease of corn pathosystem, the primary source of inoculum is the corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema pulicaria). This is because the transmission and survival of Pantoea stewartii, the causative organism, occurs by this vector. Management for Stewart’s disease focuses on reducing feeding by the corn flea beetle, thereby reducing transmission of the bacterium. Although there are management protocols currently in place that use visual counts for corn flea beetles to help make management decisions (i.e., insecticide spraying), it may be more practical to assess the number of corn flea beetles using yellow sticky cards. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum height and orientation for placing yellow sticky cards to sample for corn flea beetles.
TO REPAIR OR NOT TO REPAIR

Patients with complex congenital heart disease complicated by functional mitral regurgitation present a unique diagnostic challenge 21-year-old male with history of double outlet right ventricle, levo-malposition of the great vessels, pulmonary atresia, anterior muscular VSD and large mal-aligned
Linked Data for Production (LD4P): a Multi-Institutional Approach to Technical Services Transformation

Linked Data for Production (LD4P) is a collaboration between six institutions (Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Library of Congress, Princeton, and Stanford) to begin the transition of technical services production workflows from a series of library-centric data formats (MARC) to ones based in Linked Open Data (LOD). This first phase of the transition focuses on the development of the ability to produce metadata as LOD communally, the enhancement of the BIBFRAME ontology to encompass the multiple resource formats that academic libraries must process, and the engagement of the broader academic library community to ensure a sustainable and extensible environment. As its name implies, LD4P focuses on the immediate needs of metadata production such as ontology coverage and workflow transition. The LD4P partners' work will be based, in part, on a collection of tools that currently exist, such as those developed by the Library of Congress. The cyclical feedback of use and enhancement request to the developers of these tools will allow for their enhancement based on use in an actual production environment. The six institutions involved will focus on materials ranging from art to rare books, from cartographic materials to music, from annotations to workflows. Tool development and enhancement will also be a key aspect of the project. By the end of the first phase of this project (Spring 2018), the partners will have the minimal tooling, workflows, and standards developed to begin the transformation from MARC to LOD in Phase 2 of the project.
Pathogenesis of Congenital Infections

An assortment of words are used to describe infections of the fetus and newborn, including—but not limited to—“congenital,” “in utero,” “transplacental,” “ascending,” “perinatal,” and the useful but increasingly antiquated acronym “TORCH.” This chapter aims to simplify the terminology and explain the shared pathogenesis of congenital infections as well as the clinical variation between infected mothers and their infants. Why do some infections reach the fetus while others do not? Why do some infants have obvious clinical illness while others are asymptomatic? These questions and more are discussed here.
Hypertension and cognitive function. Blood pressure regulation and cognitive function: a review of the literature.

High blood pressure raises the risks of vascular dementia and cognitive dysfunction in older adults, by acting on the cerebral vasculature and directly on the brain itself. Clinical trials and observational studies have shown that treating hypertension to target (<140/90 mm Hg) not only lessens morbidity and mortality, but also improves quality of life and preserves cognitive function. Yet, only 34% of hypertensive Americans currently have their hypertension under control, despite widespread treatment. Although single drug therapy is effective in treating hypertension, most patients will require combination drug treatment. Combination therapy—typically a diuretic with an ACE inhibitor, an ARB, or a beta blocker—is appropriate for treatment of older patients, is well tolerated, and can effectively preserve cognitive function.
How to Compute under $${\mathcal {\varvec{AC}}}^\mathbf{0}$$ Leakage without Secure Hardware

We study the problem of computing securely in the presence of leakage on the computation's internals. Our main result is a general compiler that compiles any algorithm P, viewed as a boolean circuit, into a functionally equivalent algorithm $$P'$$ . The compiled $$P'$$ can then be run repeatedly on adversarially chosen inputs in the presence of leakage on its internals: In each execution of $$P'$$ , an $${\mathcal {AC}}^{0}$$ adversary can adaptively choose any leakage function that can be computed in $${\mathcal {AC}}^{0}$$ and has bounded output length, apply it to the values on $$P'$$ 's internal wires in that execution, and view its output. We show that no such leakage adversary can learn more than P's input-output behavior. In particular, the internals of P are protected. Security does not rely on any secure hardware, and is proved under a computational intractability assumption regarding the hardness of computing inner products for $${\mathcal {AC}}^{0}$$ circuits with pre-processing. This new assumption has connections to long-standing open problems in complexity theory.
Dietary Fiber and Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation

The use of high-fiber diets in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders has markedly increased in recent years. In view of this widespread popularity for consuming diets rich in fiber, it has become increasingly important to determine what effects the different forms of dietary fiber have on the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Older studies mostly concluded that consumption of diets high in bulk or fiber produced little or no change in the gastrointestinal epithelium. However, with the advent of newer, more sensitive techniques, recent studies have demonstrated that dietary fibers produce marked alterations in the morphology and cell renewal of the gastrointestinal epithelium. These morphological and cytokinetic changes appear to have important implications for maintaining a normal healthy epithelium and preventing mucosal disease. The development and refinement of techniques that measure the mucosal topography, cell size and number, rates of cell mitoses and migration, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle times have all enhanced our ability to study dietary perturbations of gut epithelial cell proliferation. This chapter will review principles and techniques for measuring cell proliferation and their application to studying the effects of the fiber on the gastrointestinal mucosa.
The -Matrix and an Algebraic-Geometric Solution of the AKNS System

We construct an approach to finite-dimensional integrable systems with nonlinear evolution equations from the standpoint of the -matrix and an algebraic-geometric solution, illustrating the method with the well-known AKNS equation. We present the -matrix of the constrained AKNS flow and obtain the algebraic-geometric solution of the AKNS equation.
SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES, NEWS AND GENERAL (ISSUE 5)

This is the fifth article on Social Science, Humanities, News and General (SSH) databases in a continuing series of articles summarising and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering science, technology and medicine (STM) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 19 issue 1) appeared in the February 1995 issue, and the other covering business and law (BSL) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 19 issue 3) will appear in the June issue of this journal. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
Next-Generation Sequencing vs Culture-Based Methods for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty is challenging to diagnose. Compared with culture-based techniques, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is more sensitive for identifying organisms but is also less specific and more expensive. To date, there has been no study comparing the cost-effectiveness of these two methods to diagnose PJI after total knee arthroplasty. Methods A Markov, state-transition model projecting lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was constructed to determine the cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective. The primary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate parameter assumptions. Results At our base case values, culture was not determined to be cost-effective compared to NGS, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $422,784 per QALY. One-way sensitivity analyses found NGS to be the cost-effective choice above a pretest probability of 45.5% for PJI. In addition, NGS was cost-effective if its sensitivity was greater than 70.0% and its specificity greater than 94.1%. Two-way sensitivity analyses revealed that the pretest probability and test performance parameters (sensitivity and specificity) were the largest factors for identifying whether a particular strategy was cost-effective. Conclusion The results of our model suggest that the cost-effectiveness of NGS to diagnose PJI depends primarily on the pretest probability of PJI and the performance characteristics of the NGS technology. Our results are consistent with the idea that NGS should be reserved for clinical contexts with a high pretest probability of PJI. Further study is required to determine the indications and subgroups for which NGS offers clinical benefit.
Enabling Policy Innovation in Interdomain Routing: A Software-Defined Approach

BGP is known to restrict policy expressiveness and induce uncontrolled policy interactions that are hard to understand, reuse, and evolve. We argue that the use of a path vector system as the carrier of interdomain policies is the root cause of these limitations. To this end, we propose an alternative policy scheme built in a software-defined controller to decouple policy making from the path vector system. Rather than treating policies as hardwired attributes of a route, that are configured and consumed as the route goes through the path vector decision process, we let policies flow, interact, and combine to influence end to end routes. This new software-defined scheme creates new space for policy language, route decision, and conflict resolution design, towards more flexible policies, cleaner policy enforcement, and controlled policy interaction. As a realization of our vision, we present an implementation that uses data integrity constraints for representing and reasoning about routing policies, addressing unique challenges in the decentralized interdomain environment.
Time for the U.S. to Engage North Korea 米、本気で北朝鮮と関わりを持つ時期がきた

In July it carried out a ballistic missile test in the East Sea (Sea of Japan), in violation of UN r e s o l u t i o n s . I t a l s o t h r e a t e n e d retaliation—including a nuclear strike on the White House—over the annual U.S.-Republic of Korea (ROK) military exercises, which often involve as many as half a million soldiers. Pyongyang has called for an emergency UN Security Council meeting to deal with the threat it believes the August exercises, scheduled to begin August 18, pose—a threat that U.S. officials dismiss , as though the deployment of overwhelming U.S. and South Korean power could not conceivably be taken seriously by the North Koreans
Peak Learning Experiences: A Group-Based Phenomenological Investigation and Description

This paper explores peak learning (PL) experiences through a semi-longitudinal approach across the life space of multiple groups of learners. Appreciative inquiry (AI) was used to gather data throu...
Prenatally diagnosed omphalocele: characteristics associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.

To characterize factors associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in prenatally diagnosed omphalocele cases. Prenatally diagnosed omphalocele cases at a single referral center from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical variables and antenatal imaging measurements were collected. Associations between prenatal and neonatal characteristics and the adverse outcome of death or prolonged length of stay (LOS) were analyzed. Out of 63 fetal cases, 33 were live-born, > 50% had other anomalies, and neonatal mortality was 12%. Adverse outcomes were associated with neonatal variables, including lower median 1-min Apgar score, initial mechanical ventilation, and late-onset sepsis, but not approach to omphalocele closure. With multivariate analysis, death or prolonged LOS was associated only with low lung volumes by fetal MRI (OR 34 (3–422), p = 0.006). Low lung volumes by fetal MRI were associated with death or prolonged LOS in neonates with prenatally diagnosed omphalocele and may guide clinicians with counseling families.
Impact of time from biopsy to surgery on complications, functional and oncologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy

ABSTRACT Introduction: To determine the impact of time from biopsy to surgery on outcomes following radical prostatectomy (RP) as the optimal interval between prostate biopsy and RP is unknown. Material and methods: We identified 7, 350 men who underwent RP at our institution between 1994 and 2012 and had a prostate biopsy within one year of surgery. Patients were grouped into five time intervals for analysis: ≤ 3 weeks, 4-6 weeks, 7-12 weeks, 12-26 weeks, and > 26 weeks. Oncologic outcomes were stratified by NCCN disease risk for comparison. The associations of time interval with clinicopathologic features and survival were evaluated using multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses. Results: Median time from biopsy to surgery was 61 days (IQR 37, 84). Median follow-up after RP was 7.1 years (IQR 4.2, 11.7) while the overall perioperative complication rate was 19.7% (1,448/7,350). Adjusting for pre-operative variables, men waiting 12-26 weeks until RP had the highest likelihood of nerve sparing (OR: 1.45, p = 0.02) while those in the 4-6 week group had higher overall complications (OR: 1.33, p = 0.01). High risk men waiting more than 6 months had higher rates of biochemical recurrence (HR: 3.38, p = 0.05). Limitations include the retrospective design. Conclusions: Surgery in the 4-6 week time period after biopsy is associated with higher complications. There appears to be increased biochemical recurrence rates in delaying RP after biopsy, for men with both low and high risk disease.
Abstract 125: Low-Grade Chronic Infection Induces Vascular Dysfunction and Remodeling in Salt Sensitive Hypertension

According to the new AHA guidelines, over half of Americans have hypertension. Multiple factors contribute to hypertension including genetics, diet, stress, and infection. N-formyl peptides (NFPs) ...
Off-study utilization of experimental therapies: Analysis of GOG249-eligible cohorts using real world data.

Abstract Objective Adjuvant management of women with high-intermediate- and high-risk early-stage endometrial cancer remains controversial. Recently published results of GOG 249 revealed that vaginal brachytherapy plus chemotherapy (VBT + CT) was not superior to whole pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT) and was associated with more toxicities and higher nodal recurrences. This study examined off-study utilization of VBT + CT among women who met criteria for GOG 249 in the period prior to study publication. Methods Women diagnosed with FIGO IA-IIB endometrioid, serous, or clear cell uterine cancer between 2004-2015 and treated with hysterectomy and radiotherapy (RT) were identified in the National Cancer Database. Cochrane-Armitrage trend test was used to assess trends over time. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to calculate odds ratio (OR) of VBT + CT receipt and hazard ratio (HR) of OS. Propensity-score matched analysis was conducted to account for baseline differences. Results 9956 women met inclusion criteria. 7548 women (75.8%) received WPRT while 2408 (24.2%) received VBT + CT in the study period. From 2004-2015, there was a significant increase in VBT + CT use (p Conclusions There was significant use of experimental arm off-study treatment in the United States prior to report of GOG 249 results. Providers should be cautious when offering off-study treatment utilizing an experimental regimen given uncertainty about efficacy and toxicity.
Hybrid low-k spacer scheme for advanced FinFET technology parasitic capacitance reduction

Low-dielectric constant (low-k) material is critical for advanced FinFET technology parasitic capacitance reduction to enable low-power and high-performance applications. Silicon Oxycarbonnitride (SiOCN) is one of the most promising low-k materials for FinFET gate sidewall spacer. The k value of SiOCN can be controlled in the range of 4.1–5.2 by modifying the chemical contents during the deposition process. However, the integration of SiOCN with k value lower than 5.2 for advanced FinFET technology faces substantial challenges associated with the material damage from subsequent manufacturing processes. Here, the authors demonstrate a hybrid low-k spacer scheme on a fully integrated 7 nm FinFET technology platform, in which SiOCN with k value of 4.5 was successfully integrated along the sidewalls of the gate electrode as spacer while retaining the structural integrity and dielectric properties. Device characterisation on the hybrid low-k spacer scheme (k = 4.5) demonstrated 12/11% reduction in P/NFET overlap capacitance (C OV) and 3% reduction in ring oscillator effective capacitance (C EFF) in comparison to the baseline reference using SiOCN with k value of 5.2 as spacer. Furthermore, reliability characterisation confirmed the dielectric breakdown voltage (V BD) and leakage current (I LKG) of the hybrid low-k spacer (k = 4.5) were comparable to the baseline reference (k = 5.2), meeting the technology requirements.
Potassium fertilization in bareroot nurseries in the southern US: a review

This review covers most of the published literature on potassium (K) fertilization in bareroot seedbeds with the intent to concentrate on the southern United States. The timing and rates of K fertilization for bareroot seedlings are often based on logic and myths and, as a result, K recommendations vary considerably. Some recommend bareroot pine seedlings be fertilized with twice as much K as nitrogen (N) while others apply less than 100 kg ha-1. It was determined that several long-held claims about K fertilization are invalid. Nursery seedbeds do not need to contain four times as much available K as N and the belief that extra K fertilization will increase freeze tolerance or drought resistance of non-deficient seedlings is invalid. There are no data to support the claim that K fertilization increases root growth or assists in the formation of terminal buds. For sandy seedbeds, there is no need to apply K before sowing. Adding extra K during the fall does not increase seedling morphology or seedling performance when loblolly pine seedlings, at lifting, have more than 0.5% K in needles. A reduction of K fertilization can be achieved by reviewing foliar tests prior to K top-dressings.
Challenging the Cisgender/Transgender Binary: Nonbinary People and the Transgender Label:

Interviews with 41 nonbinary individuals reveal a considerable amount of ambivalence among nonbinary people regarding transgender identification. There is also disagreement about which model of tra...
Chapter 1 – Riverscapes

Riverscapes (river ecosystems) are composed of catchment basins embedded within regional landscapes across the continents. The basic attributes of riverscapes are (1) the river, (2) its floodplains and other spatially heterogeneous and interconnected structures or habitats, and (3) the exchange of water, chemicals, and biota among those habitats. Hydrologic and biological connectivities from headwaters to the ocean occur in three spatial dimensions (longitudinal—upstream to downstream; lateral—channel to floodplain; and vertical—groundwater to channel) and are dynamic (ever changing) over time, as influenced or driven by a wide variety of natural biophysical and human-mediated (cultural) processes. In this chapter, tools that can be used to assess riverscapes at different scales of resolution are described in general terms to set the stage for detailed methods given in subsequent chapters of this book.
A Case for Accelerating Software RTL Simulation

RTL simulation is a critical tool for hardware design but its current slow speed often bottlenecks the whole design process. Simulation speed becomes even more crucial for agile and open-source hardware design methodologies, because the designers not only want to iterate on designs quicker, but they may also have less resources with which to simulate them. In this article, we execute multiple simulators and analyze them with hardware performance counters. We find some open-source simulators not only outperform a leading commercial simulator, they also achieve comparable or higher instruction throughput on the host processor. Although advanced optimizations may increase the complexity of the simulator, they do not significantly hinder instruction throughput. Our findings make the case that there is significant room to accelerate software simulation and open-source simulators are a great starting point for researchers.
Preparing Science Teachers to Overcome Common Obstacles and Teach Nature of Science

Preparing science teachers to accurately and effectively teach the nature of science (NOS) requires more than instruction regarding accurate NOS content and effective NOS pedagogy. This chapter, reflecting several studies we have conducted, addresses the additional need to provide science teachers with strategies for navigating and overcoming common obstacles that interfere with efforts to accurately teach the NOS.
Emergency Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of a Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm.

Abstract Background Iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm formation after intervention of the femoral artery may present weeks after intervention. We report a case of a patient with delayed pseudoaneurysm diagnosis that was ultimately diagnosed with bedside ultrasound. Importantly, our case demonstrates a patient who had a left-sided atherectomy and angioplasty with microcatheter access of the right femoral artery. Case Report A 68-year-old man with multiple comorbidities presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with right inguinal pain, swelling, and overlying skin changes 17 days after an interventional radiology-guided left-sided femoral artery atherectomy and angioplasty. His first postoperative ED visit at an outside hospital led to the diagnosis of a hematoma vs. abscess, with attempted bedside drainage. On presentation to our ED, a bedside ultrasound confirmed arterial pseudoaneurysm formation of the right femoral artery. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? In patients presenting with the constellation of symptoms after arterial site intervention of either side, iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm should be in the differential. Although the patient had atherectomy and angioplasty of the left femoral artery, it is important to highlight that both femoral arteries were accessed during intervention, and thus, both sites are at risk for pseudoaneurysm formation. Emergency sonography can be a useful tool to diagnose, expedite treatment, and avoid potentially harmful invasive procedures in patients presenting with pain and swelling after arterial site intervention.
Cavitation-Enhanced High-Pressure Pulsed Sonothrombolysis with Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets versus Microbubbles in Contracted and Uncontracted Clots

Microbubbles enhance cavitation effects in sonothrombolysis of acute (uncontracted) blood clots. However, only limited efficacy was demonstrated for the contracted clots due to their dense fibrin structure with less porosity. We hypothesize that nanodroplet-induced cavitation occurs inside of contracted clots due to their submicron size, and the consequent clot dissolution rate is possibly higher than microbubble-mediated treatment. This hypothesis was tested in this work by comparing the efficacy of nanodroplets and microbubbles on both uncontracted and contracted bovine clots with an in-vitro flow model. In-house microbubbles and nanodroplets with decafluorobutane-core and lipid-shell were used. With 8 MPa (peak negative pressure), 0.09%-duty cycle bursts, the percent mass reduction of contracted clots was significantly lower than uncontracted clots for both microbubbles and nanodroplets mediated treatments. For contracted clots, the nanodroplet-infusion case exhibited a 1.6-fold mass reduction of the microbubble-assisted ultrasound, whereas both treatments showed similar mass reduction (~45% on average) for the uncontracted clots. This result correlated with the passive cavitation detection result; nanodroplet cavitation exhibited noticeably higher inertial cavitation level (in arbitrary unit) than microbubble cavitation (530 vs. 300) at contracted clots, whereas uncontracted clot cases showed a relatively smaller difference (546 vs. 500). The cavitation proximity to a target clot will be tested by active cavitation imaging.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Case Series

PURPOSE Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a rapidly expanding field within neuromodulation; however, there is limited data on therapeutic efficacy. This study describes the indications and clinical outcomes for patients undergoing PNS for chronic pain states. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective case series of adults undergoing PNS implantation from 2004 to 2017 at an academic medical center. The primary outcomes were changes in numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores, opioid utilization in oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME), and self-reported patient functioning at 6 months postoperatively. Infectious and device-related complications were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 72 patients underwent PNS implantation, including 59 patients that received a preceding PNS trial (59/78; 76% progression rate) and 13 that did not receive a PNS trial. The most common indication for stimulation was occipital neuralgia (47%) followed by lower-extremity neuropathies (17%). PNS implantation was associated with 6-month reductions in pain scores (7 [6, 8] baseline vs. 4 [2, 5] 6 months; P < 0.001) and opioid utilization (eg, median 60 [31, 104] vs. 18 [0, 52] MME among those with baseline opioid use; P < 0.001). Median functional improvement was 73% (50%, 88%). Seven patients (10%) suffered a postoperative surgical site infection at a median of 50 (30, 124) days, of which five devices were removed. CONCLUSION Peripheral nerve stimulation was associated with reduced pain scores, lower opioid utilization, and improved patient function at 6 months. These data support PNS as a potentially effective nonopioid analgesic modality in chronic pain, though prospective multicenter evaluation is warranted to evaluate longer-term outcomes.
Financial Behavioralism: A Behavioral Finance Approach to Minimize Losses and Maximize Profits from Heuristics and Biases

In an impressive line of experiments and field studies, the growing field of behavioral finance has offered behavioral insights on how markets deviate from rationality. Human actors are prone to base their investment choices on very many other factors than simply volatility and profit maximization opportunities. Most recently nudging has started using the emerging insights about human heuristics and biases to improve decision making in different domains ranging from health, wealth and prosperity, which are covered in the following chapters. The following part reviews some of the behavior insights gained in the last decades and shows ways how to profit from heuristics and biases.
Revisiting 'Do We Ever Really Get Out of Anarchy?'

THREE DECADES AGO, I published “Do We Ever Really Get Out of Anarchy?” The answer I gave is that we do not, that government only substitutes one kind of anarchy for another. In this paper I revisit the eponymous question, drawing on Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, as well as several contemporary scholars, for support.
Combining Spatial and Temporal Properties for Improvements in Data Reduction

Due to I/O bandwidth limitations, intelligent in situ data reduction methods are needed to enable post-hoc workflows. Current state-of-the-art sampling methods save data points if they deem them spatially or temporally important. By analyzing the properties of the data values at each time-step, two consecutive steps may be very similar. This research follows the notion that if neighboring time-steps are very similar, samples from both are unnecessary, which leaves storage for adding more useful samples. Here, we present an investigation of the combination of spatial and temporal sampling to drastically reduce data size without the loss of valuable information. We demonstrate that, by reusing samples, our reconstructed data set reduces the overall data size while achieving a higher post-reconstruction quality over other reduction methods.
Twitter User Representation using Weakly Supervised Graph Embedding.

Social media platforms provide convenient means for users to participate in multiple online activities on various contents and create fast widespread interactions. However, this rapidly growing access has also increased the diverse information, and characterizing user types to understand people's lifestyle decisions shared in social media is challenging. In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised graph embedding based framework for understanding user types. We evaluate the user embedding learned using weak supervision over well-being related tweets from Twitter, focusing on 'Yoga', 'Keto diet'. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms the baselines for detecting user types. Finally, we illustrate data analysis on different types of users (e.g., practitioner vs. promotional) from our dataset. While we focus on lifestyle-related tweets (i.e., yoga, keto), our method for constructing user representation readily generalizes to other domains.
DISSOLVING THE SAMENESS/DIFFERENCE DEBATE: A POST-MODERN PATH BEYOND ESSENTIALISM IN FEMINIST AND CRITICAL RACE THEORY

[The negro] is too radically different from the white man in his mental and emotional structure ever to be more than a spurious and uneasy imitation of him, if he persists in following this direction. His soul contains riches which can come to fruition only if he retains intact the full spate of his emotional awareness, and uses unswervingly the artistic endowments which nature has given him. Paul Robeson'
The Long-Range Implications for Historians and Archivists of the Charges Against the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library

quately dealt with in the ad hoc joint committee report, which I hope all of you will read. It is appropriate to begin this discussion by reminding ourselves that libraries and archives are operated by human beings, not by angels. This being the case, librarians and archivists occasionally make errors, or people dislike the manner in which they have performed some aspect of their work. In the normal course this may lead to a complaint. If the complaint reaches the ears of the responsible administrative officer of the institution (which frequently is not the case often persons who think they have been aggrieved harbor their resentments and go away to tell their complaint to others, not to those responsible for managing the institution), an attempt is usually made to investigate the situation that led to the complaint and, if possible, to rectify the situation if the complaint proves to be valid. The present case had its origins in exactly this kind of a complaint a feeling on the part of a user of the Roosevelt Library's resources that he had not been properly treated. But it at once
Prevalence of obese patients in a primary care setting.

Objective: Previous research has addressed the relationship between BMI and chronic disease in primary care; however, little has been done with regard to the association between obesity and depression in primary care. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between obesity and chronic conditions including depression. Research Methods and Procedures: Data from primary care patients seen at a university-based family medicine clinic in the southeastern United States were extracted for the time between January 1, 1999 and January 1, 2002. Data extracted included most recent height and weight, age, ethnicity, pregnancy status, number of office visits, blood pressure, cholesterol, hemoglobin A1C, current diagnoses, and medications. Results: A total of 8197 patients were included in the analysis. Sixty-nine percent of patients seen in a 3-year period were either overweight or obese. Comparing blood pressure, cholesterol, diagnoses, and medications between BMI groups found differences in virtually all categories. Diagnoses of high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and depression significantly increased for obese patients. Discussion: Obese patients are over-represented in primary care, and this over-representation of obesity correlates with several diagnoses, including depression. Depression is a chronic disease that may interfere with health-related behaviors and must be addressed within the health care system.
Efficient divalent metal cation extractions with di-ionizable calix[4]arene-1,2-crown-4 compounds

Di-ionizable calix[4]arene-1,2-crown-4 ethers in the cone conformation were synthesized and their conformation and regioselectivity verified by NMR spectroscopy. These new ligands exhibited high Ba2+ selectivity in competitive solvent extraction of alkaline earth metal cations from aqueous solutions into chloroform. The selectivity order was Ba2+>>Sr2+>Ca2+>Mg2+ with Ba2+/Sr2+ selectivity exceeding 100. The ligands also exhibited high extraction ability for Pb2+ and for Hg2+ in single species extraction. With variation of proton-ionizable groups, which are oxyacetic acid moieties and N-(X)sulfonyl oxyacetamide units with X=methyl, phenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, and trifluoromethyl, ‘tunable’ ligand acidity was obtained.
Syndecans: synergistic activators of cell adhesion

Cell-surface proteoglycans participate in cell adhesion, growth-factor signalling, lipase activity and anticoagulation. Until recently, only the roles of the glycosaminoglycan chains were investigated. Now, with molecular characterization of several core proteins, the roles of each individual proteoglycan species in cellular signalling pathways are being determined. This review describes some of the recent advances in our understanding of the major transmembrane group of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the syndecans, including evidence that they play an important role as accessory signalling molecules modulating integrin-based adhesion.
An experimental and numerical study of surface tension-driven melt flow

Abstract To determine the role of surface tension-driven melt migration in planetary bodies, we investigated the effect of static annealing on the evolution of melt-rich bands in partially molten samples. In shear deformation experiments, deviatoric stress causes melt to segregate; when the stress is removed, surface tension causes the melt to relax back to a homogeneous distribution. Samples composed of 76 vol.% olivine + 20 vol.% chromite + 4 vol.% MORB were deformed to shear strains of ~ 3.5 at 1523 K, 300 MPa and shear stresses of 20 to 55 MPa. After deformation, the samples were statically annealed for 0, 10, or 100 h. During annealing, melt transport driven by surface tension occurs, but takes place much more slowly than flow driven by deviatoric stress. Finite difference numerical simulations were performed of surface tension-driven melt flow resisted by viscous deformation of the olivine matrix. These models best reproduce the distribution of melt in the annealed samples when the solid viscosity η s = 1.7 ± 0.5 × 10 12 Pa s with n = 2.4 ± 0.3 and b = 9000 ± 1900 in the expression for permeability κ = ϕ n d 2 / b where d is grain size. The large value of b compared with estimates from geometrical models is probably due to clogging of the melt tubes by the secondary solid phase (chromite). Redistribution of melt by surface tension is likely to be the dominant process in small (~ 10 km radius) planetesimals in the absence of convection or impact-induced deformation. However, this redistribution process is sufficiently slow that large bodies of localized melt (magma chambers) are likely to develop.
Quantum logic operations using the Zeno effect

Quantum logic operations can be performed using the quantum Zeno effect based on strong two-photon absorption. This approach can be generalized to perform all-optical switching of classical signals.
Symplectic symmetry in shell nuclei

Abstract The status of the conservation of symplectic symmetry in the nuclear f 7 2 shell is investigated (i) by comparing the two-body interaction with the most general symplectic-conserving interaction using an a priori criterion developed for the purpose, (ii) by examining symplectic admixtures in the calculated nuclear wave functions and (iii) by studying the calculated symplectic energy bands. The interaction is determined from the best available data of the Sc42 spectrum. It is concluded that, except in special cases, symplectic symmetry is not approximately conserved and predictions based on a simple symplectic model are therefore invalid. Some comments are made concerning an alternative approach for studying the structure of the jn configuration.
Laparoscopic management of accessory spleens in immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Background: A disparity exists between the incidence of accessory spleens reported in the open (15–30%) versus the laparoscopic (0–12%) literature. This disparity implies that a percentage of laparoscopic patients will require a reoperation for accessory splenectomy. We present our experience with the laparoscopic management of accessory spleens discovered after primary splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
A submaximal dose of insulin promotes net skeletal muscle protein synthesis in patients with severe burns.

Objective To investigate the hypothesis that a submaximal insulin dose reverses the net muscle catabolism associated with severe burns, and to determine its effects on amino acid kinetics. Summary Background Data The authors previously showed that a maximal dose of insulin administered to patients with severe burns promoted skeletal muscle glucose uptake and net protein synthesis. However, this treatment was associated with caloric overload resulting from the large quantities of exogenous glucose required to maintain euglycemia, and hypoglycemia was a potential problem. Methods Thirteen patients were studied after severe burn injury (>60% total body surface area). Patients were randomly treated by standard care (n = 5) or with exogenous insulin (n = 8). Data were derived from an arteriovenous model with primed-continuous infusions of stable isotopes and biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle. Results Net amino acid balance was significantly improved with insulin treatment. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was significantly greater in the group receiving insulin, whereas muscle protein breakdown was not different between the groups. This submaximal dose of insulin did not affect glucose or amino acid uptake or require a greater caloric intake to avoid hypoglycemia. Conclusions Submaximal insulin can promote muscle anabolism without eliciting a hypoglycemic response.
Issues of Language and Culture in Family Therapy Training

Recent census data indicate continued growth in immigration trends as American society becomes increasingly diversified. Marriage and family therapy (MFT) training programs are also experiencing a growth in the number of immigrant students. As such, issues of language and culture play a progressively significant role in the MFT training process. The purpose of this study was to examine client, trainee, and supervisor feedback concerning the experience of therapy with non-native English-speaking trainees. Several themes emerged from the written and oral responses of participants. Implications for training and future directions for research are discussed.