cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glenohumeral Joint Osteoarthritis

Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is a cause of shoulder pain that is characterized by a progressive, asymmetrical narrowing of the joint space with fibrillation of the articular cartilage. The typical signs and symptoms of glenohumeral osteoarthritis include constant achy pain in all shoulder positions, pain worse with activity, decreased shoulder range of motion, and crepitus with motion. Characteristic x-ray findings of glenohumeral osteoarthritis include decreased joint space, subchondral sclerosis, subchondral cysts, and osteophytes. Most common treatment includes rest, Tylenol, and NSAIDs initially, followed by exercise, physical therapy, heat, and stretching as tolerated. If symptoms persist, intraarticular injections versus referral for surgery are considered.
El humanismo como resistencia

Hace nueve anos escribi un epilogo para Orientalismo en el que, al intentar aclarar lo que habia dicho y no habia dicho, no solo subrayaba los numerosos debates suscitados desde la aparicion de mi libro, en 1978, sino el modo en que una obra sobre las representaciones de «Oriente» se prestaba a creciente tergiversacion. Que ello me provoque hoy mas ironia que irritacion muestra lo que he envejecido. Los recientes fallecimientos de mis dos grandes mentores intelectuales, politicos y personales, Eqbal Ahmad e Ibrahim Abu-Lughod, me han producido, ademas de tristeza y sentimiento de perdida, resignacion y una especie de terco empeno en seguir adelante. En mis memorias, Fuera de lugar (Grijalbo, 2001), hablaba de los extranos y contradictorios mundos en los que me eduque y ofrecia a los lectores un relato detallado de las circunstancias que me formaron en Palestina, Egipto y Libano. Pero era un texto muy personal, que se detenia justo antes de mis anos de compromiso politico, iniciado tras la guerra de 1967 entre arabes e israelies.
Mean circulation of the Mid-Atlantic Bight from a climatological data assimilative model

Abstract The along-shelf momentum balance of the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) coastal ocean includes a significant contribution from the along-shelf gradient in sea level. This sea level tilt, of order 10−7, and other features of the mean sea level are not captured well in global mean dynamic topography (MDT) derived from hydrographic observations or satellite altimetry and gravity data, and is poorly represented in global and basin scale dynamical models. This is problematic for applications that would use coastal satellite altimeter data to estimate total water level above datum. We have produced a MDT for the MAB using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation configured to obtain climatological annual and monthly mean results. The observations assimilated were a regional hydrographic climatology of temperature and salinity, and long-term mean velocity from HF-radar, shipboard ADCP, and current-meters. Assimilation adjusts the 3-dimensional ocean state, boundary conditions, and air-sea fluxes to minimize the model-data misfit. The assimilation of mean velocity data is vital to obtaining a realistic circulation result. The MDT exhibits a strong across-shelf sea level slope in geostrophic balance with the southwestward mean flow. The subtle along-shelf tilt is recovered and is relatively uniform throughout the MAB inside the 50 m isobath, but on the southern outer shelf it reverses sign and drives significant across-isobath flow, partially draining the southward mean transport. In the north, across-shelf flow is offshore in the surface and bottom Ekman layers, but largely balanced locally by inflow in the interior depth range.
PeopleFinder: a multimodal multimedia communications tool for interconnecting office staff

The People Finder is a knowledge-based tool to assist users in determining the whereabouts of other staff located in an office or network environment. The tool makes use of several modes of input and output, as well as employing a number of interface and communications media with which to present information and interconnect geographically distributed system users. The accompanying video contains example uses of the tool which help illustrate some of its functionality.
Attacking the opioid epidemic: determining the epistatic and pleiotropic genetic architectures for chronic pain and opioid addiction

We describe the CoMet application for large-scale epistatic Genome-Wide Association Studies (eGWAS) and pleiotropy studies. High performance is attained by transforming the underlying vector comparison methods into highly performant generalized distributed dense linear algebra operations. The 2-way and 3-way Proportional Similarity metric and Custom Correlation Coefficient are implemented using native or adapted GEMM kernels optimized for GPU architectures. By aggressive overlapping of communications, transfers and computations, high efficiency with respect to single GPU kernel performance is maintained up to the full Titan and Summit systems. Nearly 300 quadrillion element comparisons per second and over 2.3 mixed precision ExaOps are reached on Summit by use of Tensor Core hardware on the Nvidia Volta GPUs. Performance is four to five orders of magnitude beyond comparable state of the art. CoMet is currently being used in projects ranging from bioenergy to clinical genomics, including for the genetics of chronic pain and opioid addiction.
Big Data Integration Case Study for Radiology Data Sources

Today's digitized world urgently needs Big Data integration and analysis. Healthcare records are responsible for generating petabytes of data in a single day. Such data is heterogeneous in nature, captured in different files and formats, and varies from hospital to hospital. By integrating data from different sources and extracting meaningful information for the medical community, we can improve the overall quality of patient care. Our research targets the problem of integration for health records. To start, we already developed the Integrated Radiology Image search (IRIS) engine, which could represent a data integration framework for the healthcare domain. IRIS provided support for multiple public data sources and incorporated medical ontologies which would help radiologists and improve search interpretation by considering the meaning of the search query terms. In this paper, we describe a case study of data integration for radiology data sources. While the need for data integration is self-evident, we learned that rather than being a single step, data integration is an iterative process that requires continuous integration of metadata and additional supporting data sources. Our results show that an each step of data integration further improved IRIS engine results.
Correlations between dislocation density evolution and spall strengths of Cu/Ta multilayered systems at the atomic scales: The role of spacing of KS interfaces

Abstract The deformation and failure (spallation) behavior of Cu/Ta multilayered systems with Kurdjumov–Sachs (KS) orientation relationship is investigated at the atomic scales under shock loading conditions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations investigate the role of spacing between KS interfaces on the nucleation, evolution and interaction of defect structures (dislocations) in the Cu/Ta multilayered microstructures with layer thicknesses ranging from 3 nm to 47 nm. The shock compression response and failure response is investigated using the computed values of the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) and the spall strengths, respectively. KS interfaces serve as strong barriers to dislocation propagation and transmission across the interface and the spacing of the interfaces is observed to influence the spall behavior. The variation of the spall strength values suggests a critical interface spacing of 6 nm, below which the spall strength of the multilayered microstructure is observed to be lower than that for single-crystal Cu for the same loading conditions. The correlations between the temporal evolution of densities of various types of dislocation at the spall planes for the various microstructures and the resulting values of the spall strengths provide a clear rationale for why a microstructure results in increased/decreased spall strength values for the multiphase system.
This is me: Hidden pedagogy in the television series, Transparent

AbstractThis paper performs a case study of the hit television series, Transparent, and considers the public pedagogy (Burdick & Sandlin, 2013) the show produces. In order to do this, it conducts a...
Polyvictimization and depression as predictors of HIV risk behaviors among juvenile offenders

Understand the relationship between polyvictimization and engagement in HIV risk behaviors. Examine the potential mediating role of depression for this relationship. This study utilized data from the Pathways to Desistance study. This study comprised the responses of 1354 juvenile offenders across the 84 months following adjudication for a serious offense. A series of Poisson regression models was utilized to conduct analyses. Results indicate that participants reporting greater levels of direct polyvictimization engaged in a greater variety of HIV risk behaviors during the following observation period. This effect was not observed for witnessed polyvictimization. Adding depression to the model resulted in full mediation of this effect. Direct polyvictimization was found to be a predictor of HIV risk behaviors, with depression mediating. This indicates the importance of strong screening for trauma histories to determine the presence of polyvictimization in the criminal justice system at intake and reentry.
Age-related Smell and Taste Impairments and Vitamin D Associations in the U.S. Adults National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Smell and taste decline with aging, and markedly deteriorate when nutritional deficiencies occur. This study aims to examine the associations between Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and smell and taste impairments among adults. This paper details a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013-2014.). Smell impairment was assessed by the Pocket Smell Test and defined as failing to correctly identify six or more of the eight odors. Taste impairment was defined as failing to correctly identify quinine or sodium chloride. VD was measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin. Multivariable weighted logistic regressions were utilized. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented. Overall, 2216 (smell sample) and 2636 (taste sample) participants were included, aged between 40 and 80 years old. Of those, 18.3% had taste impairment, 12.2% had smell impairment, and 20% had VD deficiency ( 30 ng/mL), those with VD deficiency were more likely by 39% to report a higher prevalence of smell impairment (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.02-1.89); and only participants aged 70-80 years with VD inadequacy (20-30 ng/mL) were more likely by 96% to report a higher prevalence of taste impairment (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.35-1.85). VD may have a significant role in age-related smell impairment in adults aged 40 years or older, and in age-related taste impairment in the elderly aged 70-80 years.
Shadowing in the manual modality.

Abstract Motor simulation has emerged as a mechanism for both predictive action perception and language comprehension. By deriving a motor command, individuals can predictively represent the outcome of an unfolding action as a forward model. Evidence of simulation can be seen via improved participant performance for stimuli that conform to the participant's individual characteristics (an egocentric bias). There is little evidence, however, from individuals for whom action and language take place in the same modality: sign language users. The present study asked signers and nonsigners to shadow (perform actions in tandem with various models), and the delay between the model and participant (“lag time”) served as an indicator of the strength of the predictive model (shorter lag time = more robust model). This design allowed us to examine the role of (a) motor simulation during action prediction, (b) linguistic status in predictive representations (i.e., pseudosigns vs. grooming gestures), and (c) language experience in generating predictions (i.e., signers vs. nonsigners). An egocentric bias was only observed under limited circumstances: when nonsigners began shadowing grooming gestures. The data do not support strong motor simulation proposals, and instead highlight the role of (a) production fluency and (b) manual rhythm for signer productions. Signers showed significantly faster lag times for the highly skilled pseudosign model and increased temporal regularity (i.e., lower standard deviations) compared to nonsigners. We conclude sign language experience may (a) reduce reliance on motor simulation during action observation, (b) attune users to prosodic cues (c) and induce temporal regularities during action production.
Pairwise compatibility for 2-simple minded collections

Abstract In τ-tilting theory, it is often difficult to determine when a set of bricks forms a 2-simple minded collection. The aim of this paper is to determine when a set of bricks is contained in a 2-simple minded collection for a τ-tilting finite algebra. We begin by extending the definition of mutation from 2-simple minded collections to more general sets of bricks (which we call semibrick pairs). This gives us an algorithm to check if a semibrick pair is contained in a 2-simple minded collection. We then use this algorithm to show that the 2-simple minded collections of a τ-tilting finite gentle algebra (whose quiver contains no loops or 2-cycles) are given by pairwise compatibility conditions if and only if every vertex in the corresponding quiver has degree at most 2. As an application, we show that the classifying space of the τ-cluster morphism category of a τ-tilting finite gentle algebra (whose quiver contains no loops or 2-cycles) is an Eilenberg-MacLane space if every vertex in the corresponding quiver has degree at most 2.
Melville and Ford: Ahab and the Duke

This essay examines the flawed exceptionalism found in fictional figures that are ironically both admirable and diabolic, specifically, Captain Ahab in Herman Melville’s novel Moby Dick (1851) and John Wayne’s character in John Ford’s film The Searchers (1956). This intertextual probe into the monomaniacal quest and its inherent distortion of the hunter bears witness to the heavy influence the “frontier” played in defining the American character and the less than symbiotic relationship between Man and Nature. It also asserts that the ambiguity of heroism and villainy is the hallmark of both American literary Romanticism and more modern incarnations like the classic Hollywood Western.
Coevolution of interacting proteins through non-contacting and non-specific mutations

Proteins often accumulate neutral mutations that do not affect current functions1 but can profoundly influence future mutational possibilities and functions2-4. Understanding such hidden potential has major implications for protein design and evolutionary forecasting5-7, but has been limited by a lack of systematic efforts to identify potentiating mutations8,9. Here, through the comprehensive analysis of a bacterial toxin-antitoxin system, we identified all possible single substitutions in the toxin that enable it to tolerate otherwise interface-disrupting mutations in its antitoxin. Strikingly, the majority of enabling mutations in the toxin do not contact, and promote tolerance non-specifically to, many different antitoxin mutations, despite covariation in homologs occurring primarily between specific pairs of contacting residues across the interface. In addition, the enabling mutations we identified expand future mutational paths that both maintain old toxin-antitoxin interactions and form new ones. These non-specific mutations are missed by widely used covariation and machine learning methods10,11. Identifying such enabling mutations will be critical for ensuring continued binding of therapeutically relevant proteins, such as antibodies, aimed at evolving targets12-14.
Multi-use naked barley: A new frontier

Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the oldest known domesticated crops and the fourth most widely grown cereal crop in the world. Barley has three principal end-uses: feed, food, and malt. Each end-use of barley requires different characteristics, but hull adherence and beta-glucan content are important for each of the three classes. Naked (hull-less) barley, which threshes freely from the hull, makes up a very small percentage of overall barley production and is mainly grown for food end-uses. However, naked barley shows potential as a crop that can be used for multiple end-uses. This review will describe the progression of naked barley in the US as well as ongoing research at Oregon State University. With the genetic resources from around the world that are available in germplasm repositories and continued research on end-use quality, advances can be made to create a new frontier of naked barley for multiple end-uses that will benefit growers, processors, and consumers.
Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling requires cross-talk with the MAPK and PI3K pathways

6125 Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation has been shown to inhibit apoptosis in breast epithelial cells. We have identified a group of genes that is rapidly upregulated in these cells following dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. This group includes MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a negative regulator of the MAPK pathway and serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK-1), a downstream target of PI3-Kinase signaling. Using a model of paclitaxel-induced cell death, we have recently found that induction of MKP-1 by Dex correlates with the inhibition of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity, while p38 activity was minimally affected. Blocking Dex-induced MKP-1 expression by siRNA expression increased ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation and decreased cell survival. To explore gene expression changes that occur downstream of Dex-induced MAPK inactivation, we used a combination of temporal gene expression data and promoter element analysis. This approach yielded several previously unrecognized putative transcriptional targets of the ERK-dependent transcription factor ELK-1 that may be involved in cell survival signaling. One of these genes is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). We verified the predicted ELK-1-tPA trascriptional regulatory relationship using a luciferase reporter assay. In parallel experiments, we are examining gene expression changes mediated by SGK-1 phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear exclusion of FOXO3a (FKHRL-1). Interestingly, we have identified several putative FKHRL-1 targets that are up-regulated or down-regulated following GR activation. Down-regulated FKHRL-1 putative target genes include several pro-apoptotic genes, while the list of putative up-regulated FKHRL-1 target genes contains several anti-apoptotic genes. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that GR activation signals a coordinated anti-apoptotic response in breast epithelial cells. This response appears to be executed, at least in part, by MKP-1-mediated ELK-1 dephosphorylation and SGK-1-mediated FKHRL-1 phosphorylation, both of which result in important pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression changes.
A live video analytic system for affect analysis in public space

We propose a video analytic system capable of analyzing group density and social signals such as affect in public space. In contrast to most facial analysis systems that operate on fixed cameras, this demonstration incorporates Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) camera control and facial video analysis hand in hand, in order to effectively locate individuals, distill expression signals and provide visual feedback in realtime. We assume individuals can sit on a fixed number of seats or benches. Our PTZ control module operates cooperatively with a face analysis module to actively search for facial shots in the public space and perform expression and pose analysis. Group density is estimated as the occupancy rate with respect to the possible seating locations and group-level affect is inferred from aggregate facial expression recognition.
Otitis media in the first six weeks of life: diagnosis, bacteriology, and management

Over a 1-year period, a diagnosis of suppurative otitis media was made in 21 infants less than 6 weeks of age, with symptomatology varying from mild rhinorrhea and cough to irritability and severe, protracted diarrhea. Only four infants presented with fever greater than 38°C. One-third of the patients had been born prematurely, 90% were bottle-fed, and only two had significant congenital malformations. Two-thirds of the babies with otitis of bacterial origin were male. Infants admitted to the study underwent diagnostic tympanoparacentesis, yielding purulent material and bacterial growth from all but three. The predominant organisms isolated were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In cases of treatment failure, reinfection was most common with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the basis of disc sensitivities, only 61% of the exudates from which bacteria were isolated proved amenable to ampicillin therapy alone. Bacteria cultured from nasopharyngeal swabs of the same infants showed a correlation with ear isolations in only 28% of the cases. When a 10-day course of therapy was carried out utilizing antibiotics to which the organism was sensitive, there was a 22% failure rate, suggesting the possible need for more prolonged therapy with a parenterally-administered agent plus ampicillin in the management of otitis media in the neonate and young infant.
On the Nature of Quantum Phenomena

It is shown that a coherent understanding of all quantized phenomena, including those governed by unitary evolution equations as well as those related to irreversible quantum measurements, can be achieved in a scenario of successive nonequilibrium phase transitions, with the lowest hierarchy of these phase transitions occurring in a ``resonant cavity'' formed by the entire matter and energy content of the universe. In this formalism, the physical laws themselves are resonantly-selected and ordered in the universe cavity in a hierarchical manner, and the values of fundamental constants are determined through a Generalized Mach's Principle. The existence of a preferred reference frame in this scenario is shown to be consistent with the relational nature of the origin of physical laws. Covariant unitary evolution is shown to connect smoothly with the reduction of wavefunction in the preferred frame during quantum measurement. The superluminal nature of quantum processes in the lowest hierarchy coexists with the universal speed limit obeyed by processes in higher hierarchies. A natural quantum-to-classical transition is also obtained which is stable against the diffusive tendency of the unitary quantum evolution processes. In this formalism a realistic quasi-classical ontology is established for the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Quarks as consequence of duality and factorization

Duality combined with factorization imposes very stringent conditions on theN-meson amplitude. An attempt to make both duality and factorization manifest in the Baker-Coon dual-resonance model results naturally in an operator representation of theN-meson amplitude which is remarkably quarklike. The representation is described in terms ofN sets of operators which are topologically similar to theN quark lines in a Harari-Rosner diagram. These operators may be «pinched» to generate meson poles, and the resulting mesons can be consistently identified as «quark-antiquark pairs». It is suggested that the quark diagram structure is a natural consequence of duality and factorization.
Trajectories of alcohol use and consequences in college women with and without depressed mood

College students with depressed mood face heightened risk for experiencing drinking-related negative consequences. However, few studies have examined prospective patterns of alcohol consequences among depressed students. In the present investigation, we assessed how first-year college women's trajectories of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol consequences differed as a function of depressed mood at college entry. Participants were 233 heavy drinking incoming first-year college females (61% White) at a mid-sized West Coast University. Participants completed an online baseline survey, attended a single brief group intervention session, and completed 1- and 6-month post-intervention follow-up surveys. Depressed mood, alcohol consumption, and alcohol consequences were assessed at each time point. We employed latent growth curve analyses. Females with depressed mood, versus without depressed mood, experienced greater levels of alcohol consequences overall, particularly during transitions to college. However, contrary to hypotheses, participants with depressed mood (vs. without) exhibited significantly steeper declining trends in consequences, controlling for treatment condition, age, race, and ethnicity, and despite stable drinking levels, depressed mood, and use of protective behaviors over time. Potential explanations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Pleiotropic Effects of a Mutant at the P Locus from X-Irradiated Mice.

A presumably x-ray-induced mouse mutation at the p locus, recessive to both p and wild type alleles, has been analyzed. When homozygous the mutant produces the same effect on pigmentation as p p, but in addition there is poor growth, slightly uncoordinated behavior, difficulty in chewing, inadequate maternal care by females, sterility in males, prematare senility, and abnormal wearing of the incisor teeth. The male sterility is not quite absolute, and is partly the result of poor mating response and partly a very high proportion of sperms with abnormal head structure. Since chromosome aberration seems not to be involved in the origin of this mutant, it is considered a new allele with unusual pleiotropic effects, and is symbolized p/sup 8/. (auth)
(Re)Writing the body: a prosumption analysis of pregnancy

Purpose – Theories of prosumption offer social marketers an opportunity to improve market segmentation strategies and health campaigns by improving understanding of audiences. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework to understand how women produce and consume ideologies of pregnancy.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 19 pregnant women ages 24‐38 years completed qualitative, in‐depth interviews. Data analysis included a grounded theory approach and constant‐comparative method using open and axial coding to reduce the data and identify themes across the data.Findings – This study addressed prosumption in three meaning‐making sites: the physiological basis of pregnancy; perceptions of medicine and the biomedical model during pregnancy; and perceptions of media surrounding pregnancy.Research limitations/implications – This study applied prosumption theory in a new social context: pregnant women. Findings articulate the importance of gender and the necessity of incorporating women's lived exp...
A Note on Reverse Regression, Collinearity, and Employment Discrimination

This note refutes Whiteside and Narayanan's recent assertion that the conflict between direct and reverse regression for discrimination assessment (as pointed out by Conway and Roberts and others) is due to the collinearity in the data. Their mistake stems from misunderstanding of the elementary relationship between partial and multiple correlation coefficients.
A Reactor Safety System Using Transistors and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers

An all-semiconductor reactor safety system is described which consists of a dc amplifier, an adjustable trip level bistable circuit, a diode logic circuit, and a power switching circuit. The dc amplifier is a simple emitter follower transistor stage. Three transistors are used in the bistable circuit, two in a Schmitt-trigger arrangement and one as an output drive. The diode logic circuit uses a combination of OR and AND gates to give 2-out-of-3 coincidence of the bistable circuit outputs. A unijunction transistor and two silicon controlled rectifiers are the active elements in the power switching circuit. These components are particularly well suited for the on-off control needed in reactors and the circuitry is reasonably fail-safe.
Lab-on-a-Chip for Field Escherichia Coli Assays: Long-Term Stability of Reagents and Automatic Sampling System

A field lab-on-a-chip system was constructed to detect mouse immunoglobulin G (mIgG; model protein target) and Escherichia coli (E. coli; model microorganism target) by using light scattering detection of particle immunoagglutination. The antibodies to these targets were conjugated to the submicron particles by covalent binding, and their long-term stability was evaluated. Antibody-conjugated particles were able to be stored in a 4 °C refrigerator for at least 4 weeks and to be lyophilized as a powder form for the storage in room temperature. The optimum antibody coverage on the particles was 50% for mIgG and 100% for E. coli in terms of assay sensitivity and long-term storage of reagents. Lab-on-a-chip device was fabricated from acrylic plate using an industrial-grade milling machine eliminating the need for photolithography and internal or external pumping. An automatic sampling system was constructed using drip emitters, such that the system can be connected to a pressurized water pipe for detecting E....
Sudden death in idiopathic (congenital) right atrial enlargement. Postmortem findings and review of cases.

A case of idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium is presented and 13 other cases are reviewed. The patient whose case is reported died suddenly at home 6 months after onset of atrial flutter. This represents the first case in which postmortem findings are available. The patient demonstrates that the anomaly cannot be considered entirely benign as has been suggested in previous reports. Other complications that may occur particularly in cases of massive atrial enlargement are atrial arrhythmias, syncope, and right ventricular compression. The importance of recognizing this condition as a clinical entity is stressed because surgical excision of a portion of the enlarged atrium appears to be both easy and curative and because these cases may be mistakenly diagnosed as mediastinal tumor or pericardial effusion. The possible relationship of this apparently congenital abnormality to Uhl's anomaly is discussed.
Hyperalgesia during Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal from Morphine Is Associated with Increased On-Cell Activity in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla

Hyperresponsiveness to noxious stimulation (hyperalgesia) is observed with naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in several experimental models, and may be due to changes in central nervous system neurons. Previous studies have demonstrated that certain neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (on-cells) discharge just prior to nocifensive withdrawal reflexes and are inhibited by morphine. Because the tail flick latency (TFL) is shorter when on-cells are active, it has been proposed that on-cells facilitate nocifensive reflexes. The present study examined the hypothesis that the hyperalgesia observed following naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from morphine is caused by increased on-cell discharge.Rats were maintained in a lightly anesthetized state with chloral hydrate. Administration of saline (1.25 cc, i.v.) or morphine sulfate (1.25 mg/kg, i.v.) was followed by naloxone (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.). On- and off-cell activity was continuously recorded and was correlated with TFL and paw withdrawal threshold...
Numerical investigation of diluent influence on flame extinction limits and emission characteristic of lean-premixed H2–CO (syngas) flames

Abstract In recent years, research efforts have been channeled to explore the use of environmentally-friendly clean fuel in lean-premixed combustion so that it is vital to understand fundamental knowledge of combustion and emissions characteristics for an advanced gas turbine combustor design. The current study investigates the extinction limits and emission formations of dry syngas (50% H 2 –50% CO), moist syngas (40% H 2 –40% CO–20% H 2 O), and impure syngas containing 5% CH 4 . A counterflow flame configuration was numerically investigated to understand extinction and emission characteristics at the lean-premixed combustion condition by varying dilution levels (N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O) at different pressures and syngas compositions. By increasing dilution and varying syngas composition and maintaining a constant strain rate in the flame, numerical simulation showed among diluents considered: CO 2 diluted flame has the same extinction limit in moist syngas as in dry syngas but a higher extinction temperature; H 2 O presence in the fuel mixture decreases the extinction limit of N 2 diluted flame but still increases the flame extinction temperature; impure syngas with CH 4 extends the flame extinction limit but has no effect on flame temperature in CO 2 diluted flame; for diluted moist syngas, extinction limit is increased at higher pressure with the larger extinction temperature; for different compositions of syngas, higher CO concentration leads to higher NO emission. This study enables to provide insight into reaction mechanisms involved in flame extinction and emission through the addition of diluents at ambient and high pressure.
Distributed algorithm to detect strong conjunctive predicates

This paper presents an on-line distributed algorithm for detection of Definitely(φ) for the class of conjunctive global predicates. The only known algorithm for detection of Definitely(φ) uses a centralized approach. A method for decentralizing the algorithm was also given, but the work load is not fairly distributed and the method uses a hierarchical structure. The centralized approach has a time, space, and total message complexity of O(n2m), where n is the number of processes and m is the maximum number of messages sent by any process. The proposed on-line distributed algorithm uses the concept of intervals rather than events, and assumes p is the maximum number of intervals at any process. The worst-case time complexity across all the processes is O(min(pn2, mn2)). The worst-case space overhead across all the processes is min(2mn2, 2pn2).
Is Corporatism the Answer? Fox‐Genovese's Feminist Theory

The terms "left" and "right" cannot be defined essentially in politics. But they do usually have conventional referents associated with them, namely, political beliefs. Moreover, such beliefs are generally organized fairly neatly along a spectrum of ideas that makes "left" and "right" talk possible. Since in most cases we rely on one spectrum only in our political discussions, we are often led to assume that particular beliefs fall naturally to the left or right of others. But such an assumption is not well grounded. Nor does it jibe with changes now taking place in international and domestic politics. In the United States, changes as diverse as the fall of an empire and the empowerment of a religious minority have led to the destabilization of our political vocabulary. The demise of Marxism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have left us wondering about how "left" Marxism ever was and whether the label of conservative that many East Europeans now place on Marxism is not more appropriate. The reemergence of religion as an important part of U.S. politics and the empowerment of women and persons of color have brought into question who really merits the label "conservative" and whether political movements led exclusively by white males can ever be construed as leftist. Since there is no consensus among members of these groups about how they and others should be identified politically, we should not be
Inhibition of HIV-1 in Monocyte/Macrophage Cultures by 2′,3′-Dideoxycytidine-5′-Triphosphate, Free and in Liposomes*

The antiviral effects of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC), 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine-5′-triphosphate (ddCTP) and liposome-encapsulated ddCTP [L(ddCTP)] were compared in cultured human monocyte-macrophages (M/M) infected with HIV-1. These treatments inhibited virus replication at nanomolar drug levels with activities in the order ddC > ddCTP = L(ddCTP). Studies on drug stability and uptake suggest that a large part of the free ddCTP is dephosphorylated before entering the cells, whereas L(ddCTP) remains stable over days and is taken up, probably by endocytosis. The response to L(ddCTP) suggests that the capability of liposomes for targeting drugs to macrophages in vivo could potentially be exploited to improve the therapeutic index of dideoxynucleoside drugs.
Optimizing costs of age replacement policies

Abstract This paper continues earlier work on the best implementation procedure for an age replacement policy. Under an age replacement policy, a stochastically failing unit is replaced at failure or after being in service for x units of time, whichever comes first. Sequentially estimating φ, the optimal replacement time, produces substantial cost savings. In this paper the rate of convergence of the actual costs to the theoretical optimal cost is studied. For any sequential procedure satisfying some mild measurability conditions, it is shown that with probability one the rate of convergence of the cost can be described based on the rate of convergence of the estimator of φ. Further, a sequential procedure is described whose cost converges to the optimal cost more rapidly than known competing procedures. For this procedure, the rate of convergence of the costs is further described by a result which states that an average actual cost per unit, when suitably standardized, converges in distribution to a normal random variable.
Emulsion flow through a packed bed with multiple drop breakup

Pressure-driven squeezing of a concentrated emulsion of deformable drops through a randomly packed granular material is studied by rigorous three-dimensional multidrop–multiparticle simulations at low Reynolds numbers. The drops are comparable in size with granular particles, so the drop phase and the carrier fluid have different permeabilities, and the emulsion cannot be treated as single phase. Squeezing requires significant drop deformation and can meet much resistance, depending on the capillary number . The granular material is modelled as a random loose packing (RLP) of many highly-frictional rigid monodisperse spheres in a periodic cell in mechanical equilibrium. Flow simulations for many drops squeezing through the network of solid spheres are performed by an extension of the multipole-accelerated boundary-integral (BI) algorithm of Zinchenko & Davis (J. Comput. Phys., vol. 227, 2008, pp. 7841–7888). A major improvement is robust mesh control on drop surfaces combined with a novel fragmentation algorithm, now allowing for long-time simulations with intricate drop shapes and multiple breakups. A major challenge is that up to time steps are required in a simulation for time averaging, and boundary elements per surface to sufficiently resolve lubrication and breakups. Such simulations are feasible due to multipole acceleration, with two orders-of-magnitude gain over the standard BI coding. For initial drop-to-particle size ratio 0.51–0.52, emulsion concentration 41–42 % in the available space, and matching viscosities, time- and ensemble-averaged permeabilities of the drop phase and the continuous phase are studied versus for systems of different size (up to 36 particles and 100 drops in a periodic cell). An avalanche of drop breakups observed at sufficiently large does not preclude the permeabilities from reaching a statistical steady state in a feasible simulation time. The critical, system-size-independent , when the drop-phase flow effectively stops due to blockage in the pores by capillary forces, is estimated from simulations. For a sample RLP configuration, deep distinctions are found between the flow of concentrated emulsions and single-drop motion.
Failure of Primary Percutaneous Angioplasty and Stenting in the Prevention of Ischemia in Moyamoya Angiopathy

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an idiopathic progressive arteriopathy affecting the proximal intracranial vasculature. To date only 4 case reports on intracranial angioplasty or stenting as treatment of this disease exist. We present 5 adult patients with MMD who failed angioplasty and/or stenting who remained symptomatic despite endovascular treatment or presented with recurrent symptoms and recurrence of stenosis/occlusion on angiography requiring subsequent extracranial-intracranial revascularization. Methods: Five adult MMD patients who underwent endovascular treatment with angioplasty or stenting were referred for further evaluation and treatment from outside hospitals. Data were collected from clinical referral notes and angiograms or reports. All patients underwent repeat 6-vessel cerebral angiography to assess the extent of disease and results of prior endovascular treatment. Results: Six endovascular procedures were performed in all 5 patients. Internal carotid artery (ICA) balloon angioplasty and Wingspan stenting was performed in 2 patients (3 arteries). One patient had ICA-M1 angioplasty without stenting. Two patients had M1 angioplasty and Wingspan stenting. All patients developed repeat transient ischemic attacks following treatment attributable to the vascular territories of endovascular treatment. Repeat endovascular treatment was performed in 3 patients at a mean of 4 months (range = 2–6). Two went on to a third endovascular treatment due to progression of disease in the angioplastied/stented vessel. The average time of symptom recurrence after initial endovascular therapy was 1.8 months (0–4 months). Follow-up angiography when referred to our institution demonstrated 70–90% instent restenosis of the stented vessel in 3 and occlusion in 1 patient. Due to persistence of symptoms cerebral revascularization was performed in all patients. Conclusion: MMD is a progressive angiopathy. Angioplasty and stenting may temporarily improve the cerebral blood flow and decrease cerebral ischemic events but do not appear to be durable nor provide long-term prevention against future ischemic events.
Flux development for lead-free solders containing zinc

New lead-free solders containing zinc are promising candidates to replace near-eutectic tin-lead solders because the solders melt at lower temperatures than Sn-Ag-base solders. They also possess good mechanical and fatigue properties and are less expensive. However, the contact angle on copper for Sn-Zn solders is high when fluxes used for Sn-Pb solders are utilized. A novel approach for flux development to improve wetting of copper surfaces by tin-zinc eutectic solder was developed: tin containing organic compounds, which decomposes at soldering temperatures and produces metallic tin on surfaces to be soldered was added to several specially formulated fluxes. This process improves wetting of copper surfaces by molten tin-zinc eutectic solder. Fluxes were developed that give a contact angle as low as 20°.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Liver A Case Report, Review of the Literature and Differential Diagnosis of Spindle Cell Lesions of the Liver

A rare case of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the liver is described. The patient was a 49-year-old man who had a 17x12xlO cm mass (2,750 g) with a firm and vaguely whorled cut surface, a scar-like central area, and pushing rather than infiltrating borders. It was located in the subcapsular parenchyma of the left lobe. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features are identical to those seen in the more common SFTs of the pleura. Those features include a variable spindle cell proliferation, scant mitotic activity, immunoreactivity for CD34 and vimentin, and the absence of necrosis. The patient underwent a partial hepatectomy and the surgical margins were free of tumor. No recurrence was detected 15 months after excision. This case adds to 12 similar previously reported cases involving the liver. A review of the literature indicates that SFT of the liver behaves in a benign fashion.
Oxidation weight gain and strength degradation of Si3 N4 with various additives

Oxidation behaviour and strength degradation, due to long-term high temperature exposure in air, of Si3N4 with MgO, ZrO2 or Y2O3, as densification aids have been studied. It was found that the weight change and strength degradation in the specimens depend largely on the kind of densification aid. Strength degradation, which generally occurred and was greatest at higher additive levels, was related to the generation of pits in the specimen surface. Possible mechanisms for pit formation are discussed.
Number of vias: a control parameter for global wiring of high-density chips

In integrated circuits, components are frequently interconnected by horizontal and vertical wires in respective wiring planes whether on chip, card, or board. The wire changes direction through "vias" that connect the orthogonal wiring planes. Because of technology constraints, the arrangement of vias must conform with certain neighborhood restrictions. We present results on the guaranteed minimum number and maximum possible number of vias in a given wiring cell for various technology constraints. These numbers provide an early means of control on global wiring routes to further the success of the exact embedding process that follows global wiring.
Maintenance of Self-Imposed Delay of Gratification by Four Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and an Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

Abstract Delay maintenance, which is the continuance over time of the choice to forgo an immediate, less preferred reward for a future, more preferred reward, was examined in 4 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 1 orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). In the 1st experiment, the apes were presented with 20 chocolate pieces that were placed, one at a time, into a bowl that was within their reach. The apes could consume the available chocolate pieces at any time during a trial, but no additional pieces would be given. The total length of time taken to place the 20 items into the bowl ranged from 60 s to 180 s. All 5 apes delayed gratification on a majority of trials until all 20 chocolate pieces were presented. Unlike in most experiments with human children using this test situation, attention by the apes to the reward was not detrimental to delay maintenance. In a 2nd experiment with the chimpanzees only, 4 foods of differing incentive value were presented in different trials in the same manner as in Experiment 1. The...
Charge-density domains in photoexcited quantum-well structures

We present theoretical and experimental results on the dielectric response of an electron-hole plasma confined to a quantum-well. Hartree calculations reveal large nonlinearities in the screening properties which, when combined with those of the equations determining the photoexcited plasma density, can lead to bistable behavior and the formation of domains of different carrier densities. Electronic Raman scattering data showing evidence of such domains are discussed.