cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Response of Aged Men to Testosterone Propionate12

In 1889 brown-sequard (1), then 72 years old, injected a testicular extract into himself and experienced a return of his youthful sense of well-being. Since this historically important, though unreliable experiment, Brown-Sequard's guiding idea that the testis might play some decisive role in SO-matic senescence has never been entirely lost sight of, even though it has acquired little substantial support. Such a role demands that the testicular hormone exert some important metabolic effect upon non-genital tissues, that hormone secretion be reduced during the declining years and that aged tissue retain sufficient sensitivity to the hormone to make any deficit in secretion one of material consequence. It is now apparent that testosterone propionate, when given intramuscularly to the hypogonad or normal man or woman, exerts metabolic influences which are compatible with the formation of new non-genital tissue (2–5). Methyl testosterone given orally evokes much the same response, although some differences in...
Hausdorff moment problem: Reconstruction of distributions

Abstract The problem of approximation of the moment-determinate cumulative distribution function (cdf) from its moments is studied. This method of recovering an unknown distribution is natural in certain incomplete models like multiplicative-censoring or biased sampling when the moments of unobserved distributions are related in a simple way to the moments of an observed distribution. In this article some properties of the proposed construction are derived. The uniform and L 1 -rates of convergence of the approximated cdf to the target distribution are obtained.
THE PHOTOCHEMICAL INTERACTION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN IN VIVO AND ITS BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

Summary When bacteria are irradiated with u.v. light there is a dose dependent decrease in the amount of DNA that can subsequently be extracted free of protein with detergent. This appears to be due to the crosslinking of the DNA with protein and the precipitation of the linked DNA when the denatured proteins are precipitated in the procedure used for the isolation of the DNA. The type of linkage between the DNA and the protein is unknown except that it resists the sequential attack of 2% sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.5 M KCI or 55% CsCI. The main evidence that the loss of DNA in vivo is due to the crosslinking of DNA and protein is that the crosslinking of DNA and protein can be demonstrated in vitro. X-rays do not crosslink DNA and protein in vivo, but acridine orange and visible light cause the crosslinking of DNA and protein both in vivo and in vitro. By pulse labeling the DNA of bacteria with tritated thymine it can be shown that newly synthesized DNA is most sensitive to crosslinking and that this sensitivity shows a cyclic response keyed to the generation time of the bacteria. Under conditions of thymine starvation where the intrinsic sensitivity of the cells to killing by u.v. is markedly increased, there is a parallel increase in the sensitivity of the DNA of these cells to be crosslinked to protein. The similarity in the time sequence of these two events strongly suggests that the crosslinking may play an important role in the loss of viability following u.v. irradiation.
Five coordination modes of 4-aminopyrimidine with N-hydroxy-ethylethylenediaminetriacetatoruthenate(II)

The complex [RuII(hedta)(4NH2pym)]−, hedta3− = N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetate, 4NH2pym = 4-aminopyrimidine, exists at pH 7 as five different coordination isomers, which are most readily distinguished by their electrochemical waves in comparison with the 2-aminopyridine (2NH2py) complex. The 2NH2py complex exhibits N(1) (pyridine bound), exo-NH2 (amine bound) and N(1), NH2-chelated species. The 4NH2pym complex forms N(1), exo-amine and N(3), NH2-chelated isomers analogues to the 2NH2py species, but also engages in η2 (olefin bound) coordination of the dearomatized 4NH2pym ring in C(5)–C(6), and another η2 type of complex involving electron density between N(1) and N(3) of the ring (η3 form). N(1), η2 and η3 isomers have also been detected for unsubstituted pyrimidine (pym), 4-methylprimidine (4CH3pym) and 2-aminopyrimidine (2NH2pym). Electrochemical waves (V versus NHE) for the five isomers are assigned as follows: (RuII/III) exo-NH2 (0.06 V), N(1) (0.29 V), η2 (0.49 V); (RuII/III) η3 (0.76 V); N(3), NH2-chelated (1.09 V).
Nucleus interpositus projection to spinal interneurons in monkeys.

Direct spinal projections from the deep cerebellar nuclei have recently received considerable attention in catsS, 10, and some other species1,3, 9. These reports have focused primarily on the fastigiospinal neurons, which are thought to influence upper cervical motoneurons monosynaptically 10. Retrograde transport studies z have indicated that in monkeys, the nucleus interpositus also projects to the spinal cord. During the course of more detailed studies of the output connections of the monkey deep cerebellar nuclei, we have identified the course and mode of termination of interpositospinal axons. Their terminations are dorsally situated, on the somata and proximal dendrites of interneurons in the intermediate zone. Injections of [3H]leucine and [aH]proline were made into various foci within the deep cerebellar nuclei of cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys s. After survival periods of 5-8 days, serial sections of the brains and spinal cords were prepared for autoradiography 4. In experiments in which the injections were confined to the nucleus interpositus, all labeled efferent fibers leave the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle and decussate at mesencephalic levels. Although many of these labeled fibers, after decussation, either terminate in the reticulotegmental nucleus, the magnocellular red nucleus, or proceed rostrally towards the diencephalon, a substantial number project caudally. In the ventrolateral tegmentum there is a diffuse array of labeled fibers, most of them descending to terminate in the inferior olivary complex. However, clusters of concentrated label, indicative of a few large diameter axons are segregated dorsomedially and proceed caudally along the lateral surface of the pyramidal decussation into the medial part of the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord (Fig. 1). Up to 20 labeled axons can be identified in this position in each experiment. Labeled axons can be traced into the central gray from the caudal medulla to the third cervical segment (they were not traced further). Grain concentrations indicative of labeling of terminal
Specific binding of IL-8 to rabbit α-macroglobulin modulates IL-8 function in the lung

Objective and Design: The purpose of this study was to compare chemotactic activity of IL-8 alone with that of IL-8 reacted with rabbit α-macroglobulins (αM) in vivo.¶Methods: Initially the binding of recombinant human IL-8 (rhIL-8) to rabbit αM was studied. 125I-labeled rhIL-8 was incubated with αM, and electrophoresed on native 5% gels or SDS-polyacrylamide 4-20% gradient gels. Next, rhIL-8 or rhIL-8 bound to αM was administered via an endotracheal tube to rabbit's lungs.¶Treatment: An endotracheal tube was wedged into a segment of the lobe of each lung, and a sample instilled through the tube into this segment. After 4 h the lungs were lavaged.¶Results: rhIL-8 bound to αM retained its full chemotactic activity in vitro but exhibited a diminished ability to induce the influx of neutrophils into the rabbit lung.¶Conclusions: The data suggest that αM may facilitate IL-8 clearance from the lung.
Qualification discrepancies between urban and rural emergency department physicians

The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the residency training and board certification credentials of physicians staffing rural and urban emergency departments (EDs) in the predominately rural states of the upper Midwest. EDs in Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota with annual patient volumes greater than 10,000 met inclusion criteria for the study. ED administrators responded to surveys via mail, addressing physician training and board certification status and ED descriptive statistics. Thirty-four EDs met the inclusion criteria for the study with 26 responding (76%). ED physicians reported 50.6% American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) certification and 33.1% residency training in Emergency Medicine (EM). Physicians staffing urban (metropolitan statistical area, MSA) EDs reported ABEM certification and residency training more frequently than those working in rural (non-MSA) EDs (65.2% vs. 30.8% and 48.3% vs. 12.3%, respectively). The results of this study reveal significant discrepancies between urban and rural EDs in physician board certification and residency training.
Facile photocyclization chemistry of 5-phenylthio-2'-deoxyuridine in duplex DNA.

We report here the synthesis of 5-phenylthio-2‘-deoxyuridine (dPhSU), its incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), and its photocyclization chemistry. Irradiation of dinucleoside monophosphate d(PhSUG) and dPhSU-bearing duplex ODNs with 254 nm light results in the facile formation of a cyclic product where the C6 of uracil is covalently bonded to the C2 of the phenyl ring. The chemistry reported here may serve as the basis for the efficient preparation of a new class of duplex DNA with an extended π system.
The impact of methods on the analysis of illness concepts in a Guatemalan community

Abstract Survey and case study methods were used to obtain information about illness concepts and behavior in a Guatemalan Maya community. The different methods, with their concomminant questions, and type of informant (lay vs shaman) elicited different patterns of responses concerning the problems of native concepts of illness causation, the nature of illnesses reported, and treatment utilized. Analysis of the data generated by each method reveals differences in (1) the levels of illness causation and explanatory orders in the folk medical system, (2) chronicity of the reported illnesses, and (3) the frequency and sequence of medical resource utilization. The paper concludes by examining the methodological and theoretical implications of these differences.
Temporal bioavailability of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs.

Because PCBs and organochlorine pesticides continue to be of global concern, studies that address information gaps, such as factors and influences of spatial and temporal effects on contaminant bioavailability, are valuable. The present study focused on the spatial and temporal distribution of bioavailable organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in surface waters of a contaminated harbor. Passive sampling devices were intensively deployed adjacent to various land uses on the Willamette River, OR, including Portland Harbor and McCormick and Baxter Superfund sites, during summer and fall, extreme conditions, 2001−2004. An increase of bioavailable ΣDDTs (sum of p,p‘-DDT, p,p‘-DDD, and p,p‘-DDE) concentrations was strongly affected by the local historic production of DDTs and temporal changes in river conditions. The increase of bioavailable p,p‘-DDD and high DDD/DDE ratios observed during summer indicates conditions favoring anaerobic reductive processes. In contrast to ΣDDTs, the bioavailable concentrations and ...
Structure of membrane domains and matrix components of the bovine acrosome.

Abstract The acrosomal membrane system of bovine spermatozoa was examined by thin-section, freeze-fracture, surface-replica, and negative staining techniques in order to identify structural differentiations of specific acrosomal membrane domains. The outer acrosomal membrane of the apical and principal segments is characterized by a prominent electron-dense complex associated with its luminal face and a random intramembranous particle distribution. In the equatorial segment, the two-dimensional organization of bridging elements extending between the outer and inner acrosomal membrane was determined and correlated to freeze-fracture images. The inner acrosomal membrane lacked the electron-dense assembly noted on the outer acrosomal membrane and in freeze-fracture it appears crystalline. Further studies identified the distribution of the electron-dense subacrosomal material in the space between the inner acrosomal membrane and other nuclear membrane. Finally, new observations on the structural organization of the acrosomal matrix are presented.
Detailed discussion of a linear electric field frequency shift induced in confined gases by a magnetic field gradient: Implications for neutron electric-dipole-moment experiments

The search for particle electric dipole moments (EDM's) is one of the best places to look for physics beyond the standard model of electroweak interaction because the size of time reversal violation predicted by the standard model is incompatible with present ideas concerning the creation of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry. As the sensitivity of these EDM searches increases more subtle systematic effects become important. We develop a general analytical approach to describe a systematic effect recently observed in an electric dipole moment experiment using stored particles [J. M. Pendlebury et al., Phys. Rev. A 70, 032102 (2004)]. Our approach is based on the relationship between the systematic frequency shift and the velocity autocorrelation function of the resonating particles. Our results, when applied to well-known limiting forms of the correlation function, are in good agreement with both the limiting cases studied in recent work that employed a numerical and heuristic analysis. Our general approach explains some of the surprising results observed in that work and displays the rich behavior of the shift for intermediate frequencies, which has not been studied previously.
Osteogenesis in an in vitro coculture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human microvascular endothelial cells.

Background: Periodontal bone healing is a complex process involving many cells and processes that must function flawlessly for proper healing to occur. The exact progenitor cells that contribute to this process are not fully characterized. Periodontal fibroblasts and pericytes were postulated to be potential osteoprogenitor cells. This study describes a viable coculture model for the in vitro study of osteogenesis.Methods: Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts were cocultured in a layered model and monitored for the development of runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) and desmin expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Conditions shown to be osteogenic (bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]-2 and enamel matrix derivative [EMD]) were compared to a control coculture that was unstimulated.Results: The HMVEC migrated into a layer of collagen containing only HPDL cells as monitored by fluorescent labeling. runx2 and desmin expressions were in...
The Social Networks of Older Schizophrenia Patients

There is a paucity of research that examines the role of family members and friends in the lives of older schizophrenia patients. This study compared 66 middle-aged and elderly outpatients with 31 normal comparison subjects. Five dimensions of social network were assessed: (a) family composition, geographic proximity, and frequency of contact; (b) instrumental support; (c) emotional support and interpersonal difficulties; (d) role of friends; and (e) use of formal service providers as sources of support and assistance. As compared with normal subjects, the schizophrenia patients were less likely to be married, less likely to have children, more likely to live alone, and had fewer friendships. The patients were, however, similar to comparison subjects on the following family-relationship variables: frequency of contact, instrumental support received, presence of a family confidant, and extent of interpersonal difficulties. These findings do not support the stereotype of older schizophrenia patients as being estranged from family members. The need for developing interventions that use key family members to interface with service providers and to monitor treatment compliance and continuity of care is discussed.
Two-dimensional mapping of the microwave potential on MMICs using electrooptic sampling

An accurate technique for mapping the two-dimensional microwave potential in microwave circuits has been developed and tested. Using the direct electooptic sampling technique and a de-embedding algorithm to remove substrate-variation-induced measurement errors, accurate two-dimensional potential maps with a dynamic range of 50 dB and spatial resolution of 10 mu m are obtained. De-embedding of the microwave potential from the measured, electrooptically modulated signal is achieved by deducing the substrate parameters from the measured average reflected optical power. Once the substrate is characterized, the microwave potential can be calculated from the electrooptic signal. The de-embedding procedure technique was successfully tested on a through-line and an open-end line of a through-reflect-line (TRL) microstrip calibration standard. >
How Much of Corporate-Treasury Yield Spread is Due to Credit Risk?

We show that credit risk accounts for only a small fraction of yield spreads for investment-grade bonds of all maturities, with the fraction lower for bonds of shorter maturities, and that it accounts for a much higher fraction of yield spreads for high yield bonds. This conclusion is shown to be robust across a wide class of structural models. We obtain such results by calibrating each of the models to be consistent with data on the historical default loss experience and equity risk premia, and demonstrating that different models predict similar credit risk premia under empirically reasonable parameter choices.
Content development for a Web-based system devoted to flight dispatcher icing training

In the airline industry, flight dispatchers are responsible for planning aircraft routes safely and economically. Training is essential to help dispatchers understand when and where icing may occur and what to do when it does. The goal of this project was to develop content for a Web-based system devoted to flight dispatcher icing training. The content addresses basic meteorology and weather product interpretation so that flight dispatchers can learn how to determine where icing is and might form. It also includes scenarios to support the flight dispatcher decision making process. To develop the content, we collaborated with a regional airline and a major domestic airline. This paper describes the progress to date on the content development effort. For each content area, the lesson objectives and topic content are described. The paper also discusses the remaining effort required to complete the content development process
Effect of l-Arterenol Infusion on "Central Blood Volume" in the Dog

Infusion of l-arterenol into anesthetized dogs increased the volume of blood in the heart and lungs, as indicated by an increase in "central blood volume," estimated lung volume and pressure changes in the heart and lungs. An analysis of pressure and flow data in the systemic venous bed during infusion of the drug suggests that important sources of the shifted blood are the peripheral veins and venules.
Multicenter comparative trial of the V-scope system for therapeutic ERCP.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS A new duodenoscope (the V-scope), with a modified elevator used in combination with a dedicated short guide wire, constitutes the V-system. This system is intended to allow fixation of the guide wire at the elevator lever, thereby enhancing the speed and reliability of accessory exchange over a guide wire during ERCP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which the V-system provides improved efficiency in comparison with conventional duodenoscope and guide wire combinations. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was an industry-sponsored multicenter randomized trial. Patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures in which treatment was anticipated were randomly assigned to the V-system or to a conventional duodenoscope and accessories used routinely in each center. The parameters recorded included the total case time, fluoroscopy time, catheter/guide wire exchange time, guide wire repositioning, loss of guide wire access, and success or failure of guide wire fixation when using the V-system. RESULTS Fifty patients were included, 22 in the conventional group and 28 in the V-system group. A total of 135 exchanges were carried out. The patients had up to six exchanges. The median exchange time was 19.4 s with the V-system and 31.7 s with the conventional systems ( P < 0.001). Guide wire repositioning was required less often in the V-system group ( P = 0.0005). The V-system effectively locked the guide wire in 63 of 71 exchanges (89 %). Loss of guide wire access occurred in two patients in the conventional group and four in the V-system group, attributable to failure to lock the guide wire early during the experience (no significant differences). CONCLUSIONS The V-system can effectively secure the guide wire during accessory exchange in ERCP and reduces the time required to exchange accessories. This may enhance overall efficiency during ERCP.
Melting the Earth: The History of Ideas on Volcanic Eruptions

The last words in the subtitle of this excellent book are somewhat misleading, as this is a history of concepts of magma generation rather than eruption. Haraldur Sigurdsson traces the evolution of ideas on the generation of heat within the Earth, from the ancient view that air in subterranean voids was compressed by ocean waves and tides, through combustion of fossil fuels, remnant heat from a primeval hot Earth, and exothermic reactions, to radioactive decay. In addition to sources of heat, its mechanism of transfer, the process of melting, the identity of the material being melted, and the depths at which magmas were generated were subjects of early inquiry by D'Arezzo, Michell, and Spallanzani, among others. Most 19th century geologists, however, followed Charles Lyell in his reluctance to speculate on causes. This left the field to William Hopkins, Gustav Bischof,and others whose names are not well known to 21st century penologists. The large cast of players in this book also includes the ever-popular Desmarest, Hamilton, Holmes, Hutton, and Scrope, and an occasional scoundrel. The last chapter, on the source of magmas, makes no mention of contributions from trace element and isotope geochemistry and none concerning high-pressure minerals that indicate localized deep burial of continental crust and ascent of material from the lower mantle.
A study on textual entailment

In this paper we study a graph-based approach to the task of textual entailment between a text and hypothesis. The approach takes into account the full lexico-syntactic context of both the text and hypothesis and relies heavily on the concept of subsumption. It starts with mapping the text and hypothesis into graph structures where nodes represent concepts and edges represent lexico-syntactic relations among concepts. Based on a subsumption score between the text-graph and hypothesis-graph an entailment decision is then made. The impact of synonymy on entailment is quantified and discussed. An important advantage of our solution is the ability to customize it so that high-confidence results are obtained
A TDM Test Scheduling Method for Network-on-Chip Systems

Much current research has focused on employing network-on-chips (NoC's) for communication among numerous cores on large scale SoC's. One side benefit of such designs is the potential to utilize this communication infrastructure with little modification for manufacturing test delivery. In this paper the authors present a test scheduling approach for such designs that minimizes test time through high-speed test delivery over the network and lower rate test execution at the target cores. To achieve this, test data are interleaved over the network in a time division multiplexed (TDM) approach. Experimental results with the ITC'02 SoC benchmarks are proposed that show substantial test time reduction beyond single speed techniques. Further enhancements are presented that overcome some deficiencies in the simplest approach
Rate of ESRD Exceeds Mortality among African Americans with Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis

In several studies, patients with CKD seemed to be at greater risk for dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than reaching ESRD. The purpose of this study was to compare incident ESRD rates with rates of total mortality, CVD death, and a CVD composite (CVD mortality and CVD hospitalization) among participants who had hypertensive nephrosclerosis and were enrolled in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK). The study period included the AASK trial phase (1996 through 2001) and a subsequent cohort phase (2002 through 2007). The AASK enrolled 1094 participants. Of the 764 participants who completed the trial phase without an event, 691 (90%) enrolled in the cohort phase. During 11 years of follow-up, there were 59 CVD-related deaths and 118 non–CVD-related deaths. The rate of ESRD (3.9/100 patient-years) was significantly higher than the rates of total mortality (2.2/100 patient-years), CVD mortality (0.8/100 patient-years), and the CVD composite (3.2/100 patient-years). The incidence rate ratio of ESRD to CVD mortality was 5.0. The rate of ESRD consistently exceeded the various mortality rates across most of the subgroups defined by age, gender, income, education, previous CVD, baseline urine protein excretion, and baseline estimated GFR. In conclusion, AASK participants were more likely to reach ESRD than to die.
Surfactant protein D deficiency influences allergic immune responses

Summary Background The collectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) confers protection against pulmonary infection and inflammation. Recent data suggest a role for SP-D in the modulation of allergic inflammation. Objective The aim of this study is to characterize the immune responses of SP-D-deficient (SP-D � / � ) mice in a kinetic model of allergic inflammation. We determined whether allergic parameters were enhanced in SP-D � / � mice in vivo. Further, we examined whether functional immune responses in vitro such as lymphocyte proliferation (LP) and cytokine production were modulated in the absence of SP-D. Methods In vivo, wild-type (WT) and SP-D � / � mice were sensitized and challenged with the allergen ovalbumin (OVA) and assessed for allergic parameters (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophils, IL-13 production, pulmonary IFN-g, IL-10 expression) at early time points (1 and 3 days of challenge) in comparison with late time points (7 days of challenge). In vitro, spleen cells from WT and SP-D � / � mice were stimulated with the mitogen concanavalin A (ConA) and lipid A (LpA) and analysed for LP, IL-13 and IFN-g production. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), ligand for LpA, was assessed by mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Results Following allergen exposure in vivo, SP-D � / � mice expressed higher BAL eosinophils and IL-13 concentrations and lower IFN-g expression at early time points compared with WT mice. IL10 expression was increased at early time points in SP-D � / � compared with WT mice. Allergeninduced TLR4 expression was increased in WT, but not in SP-D � / � mice. After stimulation with LpA and ConA in vitro LP was increased and IFN-g concentration was decreased in SP-D � / � mice. Conclusion SP-D may be critical for the modulation of early stages of allergic inflammation in vivo.
Discrete enhancer elements mediate selective responsiveness of enhancer of split complex genes to common transcriptional activators

In Drosophila, genes of the Enhancer of split Complex [E(spl)-C] are important components of the Notch (N) cell-cell signaling pathway, which is utilized in imaginal discs to effect a series of cell fate decisions during adult peripheral nervous system development. Seven genes in the complex encode basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressors, while 4 others encode members of the Bearded family of small proteins. A striking diversity is observed in the imaginal disc expression patterns of the various E(spl)-C genes, suggestive of a diversity of function, but the mechanistic basis of this variety has not been elucidated. Here we present strong evidence from promoter-reporter transgene experiments that regulation at the transcriptional level is primarily responsible. Certain E(spl)-C genes were known previously to be direct targets of transcriptional activation both by the N-signal-dependent activator Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] and by the proneural bHLH proteins achaete and scute. Our extensive sequence analysis of the promoter-proximal upstream regions of 12 transcription units in the E(spl)-C reveals that such dual transcriptional activation is likely to be the rule for at least 10 of the 12 genes. We next show that the very different wing imaginal disc expression patterns of E(spl)m4 and E(spl)mgamma are a property of small (200-300 bp), evolutionarily conserved transcriptional enhancer elements, which can confer these distinct patterns on a heterologous promoter despite their considerable structural similarity [each having three Su(H) and two proneural protein binding sites]. We also demonstrate that the characteristic inactivity of the E(spl)mgamma enhancer in the notum and margin territories of the wing disc can be overcome by elevated activity of the N receptor. We conclude that the distinctive expression patterns of E(spl)-C genes in imaginal tissues depend to a significant degree on the capacity of their transcriptional cis-regulatory apparatus to respond selectively to direct proneural- and Su(H)-mediated activation, often in only a subset of the territories and cells in which these modes of regulation are operative.
Acute Invasive Rhinocerebral Zygomycosis in an Otherwise Healthy Patient: Case Report and Review

A previously healthy 19-year-old man developed rapidly progressive invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis due to Apophysomyces elegans. He required extensive surgery and prolonged treatment with high-dose i.v. amphotericin B for cure. This is only the third reported case of acute invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis in an otherwise healthy patient and the first reported case of infection due to A. elegans in any patient. We review the literature and clinical spectrum of rhinocerebral zygomycosis in otherwise healthy patients and discuss the recently recognized association between A. elegans and zygomycosis in immunocompetent patients.
Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Medical Management of Nonsurgical Patients

As the average lifespan continues to increase, nurses are managing more patients with aortic stenosis. When an asymptomatic patient begins to manifest signs and symptoms due to progressive narrowing and stiffening of the aortic valve, the only effective therapy is surgical replacement of the valve. But, some patients cannot undergo or do not opt for surgery. Nurses are challenged by the tenuous balance between the narrow range of preload and afterload to maintain forward blood flow and adequate cardiac output in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Understanding the complex normal anatomy and physiology of the aortic valve can help nurses appreciate the consequences of this type of stenosis. Nursing care for patients with aortic stenosis requires advanced skills in patient assessment and an appreciation of the hemodynamic responses to activities of daily living and to nursing interventions such as administration of medications.
The relation between length of institutionalization and sensory integration in children adopted from Eastern Europe.

OBJECTIVE. To examine the relation between length of institutionalization and sensory integration in children adopted from Eastern Europe. METHOD. The Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) and the Developmental and Sensory Processing Questionnaire were administered to 60 adopted children, 4 years to 8 years, 11 months of age. Thirty had longer institutionalization histories (mean: 34 months; LIH group) and the other 30 had shorter institutionalization histories (mean: 3 months; SIH group). RESULTS. The LIH group demonstrated significantly lower scores than the SIH group on the SIPT in vestibular-proprioceptive, visual, and praxis areas, and effect sizes ranged from .09 to 1.13. The LIH group also had significantly more frequent behaviors suggestive of sensory modulation dysfunction compared to the SIH group, particularly in touch and movement seeking, vision, and audition. Effect sizes ranged from 0 to 1.39. CONCLUSION. Longer lengths of institutionalization are associated with more atypical sensory discrimination, praxis, and sensory modulation scores in children adopted from Eastern European orphanages. The areas of sensory integration that appear to be more vulnerable to deprived conditions in early childhood are vestibular-proprioceptive, tactile, visual, auditory, and praxis. Adopted children with lengthy periods of institutionalization may benefit from occupational therapy for early sensory integrative and developmental screenings.
Increasing Customer Intimacy through Customer Relationship Management

Customer intimacy is a relationship between a company and its customer, where the company collects information to better understand and serve the customer. Many online companies want to establish this relationship, and if successfully formed, it is expected that customer loyalty will increase, resulting in increased revenue for the company. However, the desire of the company to collect intimate information is resisted by customers that have little trust, concern for privacy, no justification for provision of personal information, and substitutes. Companies must entice customers to provide increasingly intimate information, but are met with increasing reluctance by the customer. This suggests that there is a Continuum of Customer Intimacy. Additionally, the willingness of the customer to provide increasingly intimate information is affected by a number of factors. Finally, there is discussion of how customer relationship management (CRM) tools may be used to affect the willingness of the customer to share information.
Tuning SEI formation on nanoporous carbon–titania composite sodium ion batteries anodes and performance with subtle processing changes

The morphology of composite materials used in battery electrodes is critical to provide the requisite transport paths for ions and electrons to enable high performance. In this work, we describe a simple and scalable method to fine tune the morphology of carbon/TiO2 composite through polymerization-induced phase separation of a mixture containing commercial TiO2 nanoparticles, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and photoacid generator (PAG) dissolved in furfuryl alcohol (FA, monomer). UV exposure converts the PAG to a strong acid that catalyzes the FA polymerization to quickly initiate the polymerization. The morphology is modulated by the molecular weight of PHEMA and FA concentration that impact the miscibility and mobility during phase separation. The polymerized composite is carbonized to yield porous carbon/TiO2 electrodes. The cycling performance is dictated by the morphology that develops during phase separation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis illustrates that subtle changes in synthetic conditions can dramatically impact the electrical or ion conductance, primarily through modulation in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). A careful investigation of the SEI layer on the porous carbon/TiO2 composites demonstrates a clear correlation between the SEI and the surface area of the porous anode as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). With selection of synthetic conditions to yield a modest surface area composite, sustainable anodes with stable capacity can be fabricated for use in Na ion batteries.
Clinical Evaluation of Piperacillin in Bronchopulmonary Infection

Piperacillin sodium, a new semi-synthetic penicillin, was administered to eleven patients with acute bronchial infection and to fourteen patients with pneumonia. Piperacillin dosage was either 8 g/day (twenty-one patients) or 16 g/day (four patients) intravenously for periods of between 5 and 15 days. Clinical assessment was determined by diminution of sputum purulence, eradication of pathogen from sputum, clinical and radiological progress. There was a beneficial response in all but six patients, two of whom had severe chronic infective bronchial disease and four had underlying pulmonary malignancy. The low toxicity of piperacillin was confirmed, although one patient with chronic renal failure had a significant decline in renal function. Dosage should be reduced in patients with renal impairment.
SWOT Analysis for Determining the Role of Entrepreneurial Skills in Industrial Successful Business

Examination of the factors determining the success or failure of a business in an enterprise, facilitated the creation of specific methods of analysis and diagnosis of business activity in the industry by determining the role of entrepreneurial skills. Environmental analysis method, competitiveness and industrial company is SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is considered a complex research of economic, technical, and management of industrial production that characterize a society that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and causes it generates, make recommendations to eliminate or minimize the issues and / positive or negative recovery. Production management conducted using SWOT analysis entrepreneurial skills in industrial companies can be used as a model for defining entrepreneurship and building strategies as a basis for the creation of national and international brands of industrial. For choosing the optimal analysis of entrepreneurial skills in industrial companies is necessary to maintain cost efficiency through economic links created between departments of industrial society. Development of industrial values is based on sustainability and management of production, which can be created between technical and economic services company. Promoting entrepreneurial skills in the management of industrial companies is focused on strengths as well as opportunities arise, a very thorough SWOT analysis and professional company that can radically change the industrial market.
You speak English well! Asian Americans’ reactions to an exceptionalizing stereotype.

This study examined a specific type of racial microaggression known as an exceptionalizing stereotype, in which an action is framed as interpersonally complimentary but perpetuates negative stereotypical views of a racial/ethnic group. Asian American participants (N = 68) were assigned to 1 of 3 brief semistructured interview conditions that highlight an exceptionalizing stereotype of Asian Americans to varying degrees. In the low racially loaded condition, participants were told, "You speak English well" by a White confederate. In the high racially loaded condition, they were told, "You speak English well for an Asian." In the control condition, the confederate said, "Nice talking to you." Only participants in the high racially loaded condition rated their partner, the interaction, and future interactions less favorably than participants in the control condition. They also evaluated their partner and interaction less positively than participants in the low racial loading condition. The results suggest exceptionalizing stereotypes can be interpersonally damaging for Asian Americans.
Stable Thin Film Resistors for Amorphous Silicon Integrated Circuits

Recent progress in the range of applications of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) for large area electronics has led to a better understanding of the requirements for stable circuit operation. In particular, the application of doped a-Si:H as a material for thin film resistors has highlighted the instability of this material both due to its thermal history and its relatively high activation energy. In this paper, these limitations are addressed and alternative materials studied. The properties of thin film resistor materials for a-Si:H integrated circuits are driven by the requirements of long term stability, a high sheet resistance, a weak temperature dependence, and processing compatibility with a-Si:H.Cermet films are a promising material as the nature of the transport results in a low activation energy, though the sheet resistance of these materials is usually limited to 10–50 kohms/square. In this paper, the suitability of rf sputtered Cr/SiO2 cermet films for thin film resistors is addressed. Its electrical properties are studied as a function of target composition and its structure investigated by transmission electron microscopy. A sheet resistance of 40 Mohms/square with an 0.05 eV activation energy for a 500A thick film is demonstrated. The carrier transport is interpreted in terms of a tunneling model of electrons between Cr islands.
Evaluation on Open/closed Loop Operation Modes of 500/220 kV Electromagnetic Loop Network

In this paper,a new method is proposed to evaluate the operation modes of 500/220 kV electromagnetic loop network.From the views of reliability and economy of power grid operation,the bus-bar short-circuit current level,the line load rate,the transformer load rate,the power grid static security,the power grid transient stability and the power grid loss are selected as evaluation indexes.Based on the anticipant curves of each index during actual operation of power grid,evaluation formula combined with threshold is established.To acquire the weight coefficient of each operation index,a new group decision-making theory is adopted.Comparisons of calculation results of an actual example shows that the proposed method is practical and effective.
The importance of leadership training in medical education

Academic medical centers by virtue of their complex nature have made immense contributions to the education of professionals, application of research, and providing clinical services for people. Today they are being faced with many new challenges. One of these challenges, requiring new efforts, will be to incorporate leadership education into the curriculum. There are no other institutions more poised to assist in training future health-care leaders.
Glial-cell cultures from brains of carbonic anhydrase II-deficient mutant mice: delay in oligodendrocyte maturation.

Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is a multifunctional enzyme found in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in normal mouse brains. We have begun to compare the glial cells in primary cultures from neonatal genetically CAII-deficient (Car) mice to those from normal (con) mice in order to detect developmental defects, if any, in Car glial cells. In con cultures intensely CAII-positive cells costained with antibodies against the oligodendrocytic markers, O4 and myelin basic protein (MBP), respectively. Most (82%) of the CAII-positive cells were O4-positive, but only ∼60% were MBP-positive. Some clumps of GFAP-positive cells were CAII-positive. At each respective number of days in vitro (DIV) total numbers of O4-positive cells were similar in Car and con cultures, and total numbers of galactocerebroside-positive cells also were similar in Car and con cultures. However, compared to cells in con cultures at 7 DIV, a lower percent of Car cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage expressed MBP, and morphological differentiation also was subnormal in that the Car cells showed fewer processes and membrane sheets. Car and con cultures expressed similar numbers of MBP-positive cells by 10 DIV. The results suggest a temporary delay in the maturation of Car oligodendrocytes.
Security Should Pay: It Should not Cost

There is a television commercial in the U.S. that shows an automobile mechanic. In one hand he has some worn piston rings. In the other he holds an oil filter. The mechanic looks from hand to hand and says, “You can pay me now, or you can pay me later.” The point of the commercial is that friction is inevitable. It is a cost of running an automobile. It is inescapable. You will pay. The only choice that is open to you is how you pay. You may pay in a regular and orderly manner, or you may pay in a destructive and unpredictable manner, but you must pay.
Johann Christoph Gatterer

Ab 1747 Studium der evangelischen Theologie, der orientalischen Sprachen und der Philosophie in Altdorf; 1752 Habilitation, Gymnasiallehrer in Nurnberg; 1759 Ruf auf den Lehrstuhl fur Universalgeschichte in Gottingen; Hauptvertreter der deutschen Aufklarungshistorie.
Comparison of algorithms for automatic border detection of melanoma in dermoscopy images

Melanoma is one of the most rapidly accelerating cancers in the world [1]. Early diagnosis is critical to an effective cure. We propose a new algorithm for more accurately detecting melanoma borders in dermoscopy images. Proper border detection requires eliminating occlusions like hair and bubbles by processing the original image. The preprocessing step involves transforming the RGB image to the CIE L*u*v* color space, in order to decouple brightness from color information, then increasing contrast, using contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), followed by artifacts removal using a Gaussian filter. After preprocessing, the Chen-Vese technique segments the preprocessed images to create a lesion mask which undergoes a morphological closing operation. Next, the largest central blob in the lesion is detected, after which, the blob is dilated to generate an image output mask. Finally, the automatically-generated mask is compared to the manual mask by calculating the XOR error [3]. Our border detection algorithm was developed using training and test sets of 30 and 20 images, respectively. This detection method was compared to the SRM method [4] by calculating the average XOR error for each of the two algorithms. Average error for test images was 0.10, using the new algorithm, and 0.99, using SRM method. In comparing the average error values produced by the two algorithms, it is evident that the average XOR error for our technique is lower than the SRM method, thereby implying that the new algorithm detects borders of melanomas more accurately than the SRM algorithm.
TCTAP C-038 Atrial Septostomy with ECMO as Bridge to Replace Thrombosed Mechanical Aortic Valve

### Patient initials or identifier number n/a ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam A 62-year-old male with a history of Bentall procedure and mechanical aortic prosthetic valve replacement, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and antiphospholipid syndrome presented
The Effect of Thermal Fluctuation on the Receptor-Mediated Adhesion of a Cell Membrane to an Elastic Substrate

Mechanics of the bilayer membrane play an important role in many biological and bioengineering problems such as cell-substrate and cell-nanomaterial interactions. In this work, we study the effect of thermal fluctuation and the substrate elasticity on the cell membrane-substrate adhesion. We model the adhesion of a fluctuating membrane on an elastic substrate as a two-step reaction comprised of the out-of-plane membrane fluctuation and the receptor-ligand binding. The equilibrium closed bond ratio as a function of substrate rigidity was computed by developing a coupled Fourier space Brownian dynamics and Monte Carlo method. The simulation results show that there exists a crossover value of the substrate rigidity at which the closed bond ratio is maximal.