cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LIMA: a Logistics Inventory Management Assistant

The Logistics Inventory Management Assistant (LIMA) is an expert system to assist Unisys spare parts inventory analysts in developing an action plan on a part-by-part basis to maintain inventory levels within a target zone. The task is complex and has significant cost impact. LIMA is a PC-hosted tool, incorporating business presentation graphics, statistical analysis, 'what if' capabilities and expert assistance from a Prolog knowledge base. Data provided to LIMA are extracted from a large mainframe database of parts usage. The expert system component guides the analyst through a data validation process, generates an action plan to cover the planning period and engages the analyst in a planning dialogue. >
Integrating fault tolerance and load balancing in distributed systems based on CORBA

Fault tolerance and load balancing middleware can increase the quality of service seen by the users of distributed systems. Fault tolerance makes the applications more robust, available and reliable, while load balancing provides better scalability, response time and throughput. This paper describes a software infrastructure that integrates fault tolerance and load balancing within a distributed system based on CORBA. The software infrastructure employs Eternal's FTORB, which replicates CORBA applications and thus makes them fault tolerant, and TAO's Load Balancer, which balances the load of the clients' connections across multiple instances of a CORBA server.
Stephen Hales: neglected respiratory physiologist

Stephen Hales was an eminent early eighteenth century scientist and minister of the parish of Teddington near London. He is well known for his early work on blood pressure. However, he made many contributions to respiratory physiology. He clarified the nature of the respiratory gases, distinguishing between their free (gaseous) and fixed (chemically combined) forms, demonstrated that rebreathing from a closed circuit could be extended if suitable gas absorbers were included (to remove carbon dioxide), suggested a similar device as a respirator for noxious atmospheres, invented the pneumatic trough for collecting gases, measured the size of the alveoli, calculated the surface area of the interior of the lung, calculated the time spent by the blood in a pulmonary capillary, invented the U-tube manometer, and measured intrathoracic pressures during normal and forced breathing. Hales’s work is remarkable for its emphasis on the “statical” method, i.e., meticulous attention to detail in measurement and careful calculations. In his later life he made important contributions in the area of public health. He was a trustee of the new colony of Georgia and willed his own library of books to the colony though their whereabouts is unknown. He deserves more recognition in the history of respiratory physiology.
SMALL INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSA AS A URETHRAL COVERAGE LAYER

Purpose: Urethrocutaneous fistula is the most common complication of hypospadias surgery. Numerous techniques have been used to decrease the incidence of this complication and the use of biocompatible materials in surgery has expanded the options in difficult situations. We hypothesized that porcine small intestinal submucosa may be used as a coverage layer after urethral surgery. We evaluated the histological changes associated with small intestinal submucosa when used as a coverage layer over the urethra in a rabbit model.Methods and Methods: We performed urethral surgery in 16 New Zealand White rabbits divided into 4 animals each in groups 1—sham operation with penile degloving only, 2—penile degloving and small intestinal submucosa patch placement, 3—urethrotomy without a patch and 4—urethrotomy with a small intestinal submucosa patch. The graft edges were marked with permanent suture at surgery for later identification. All rabbits were maintained for 6 weeks before sacrifice. The urethra of each ani...
Modulation of bradykinin-induced inositol trisphosphate release in a novel neuroblastoma x dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron cell line (F-11).

: In the mouse neuroblastoma X dorsal root ganglion hybrid cell line F-l 1, bradykinin receptor stimulation induced the release of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and inositol-1,4-bisphosphate (IP2). Maximal stimulation of [2-3H]IP3 and [2-3H]IP2 release by bradykinin in the absence of LiCl occurred at 7 (or less) and 15 s, respectively, with average levels of 5.7- (IP3) and 3.4- (IP2) fold of control values. The EC50 for bradykinin was 33 ± 5 nM. IP3 and IP2 concentrations returned to basal levels ∼ 1 min after bradykinin addition. Bradykinin-induced IP3 release was blocked by several novel bradykinin analogues. In particular, [D-Arg0]-Hyp3-Thi58-[D-Phe7]-bradykinin [Hyp, hydroxypro-line; Thi, β-(2-thienyl)-L-alanine] blocked IP3 production in a dose-dependent fashion. Several of these analogues alone showed little or no agonist activity. The bradykinin receptor may be coupled to phospholipase C via a GTP-sensitive protein (Gi or Go), as preincubation for 18–20 h with pertussis toxin decreased IP3 concentrations by 45%. Bradykinin is also known to modulate the concentrations of other second messengers in neurons, increasing the concentrations of Ca2+, diacylglycerol (DG), and cyclic GMP and decreasing the concentration of cyclic AMP. These second messengers modulated bradykinin-dependent IP3 release to varying degrees. A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore, produced a 37% decrease in IP3 concentration. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-ace-tate, which mimics the effects of DG and activates protein kinase C, inhibited IP3 release by 80%. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP produced little or no inhibition of IP3. [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]Enkephalin (DADLE), an opioid peptide that decreases cyclic AMP concentrations, likewise had no effect. However, elevation of cyclic AMP concentrations by pros-taglandins I2 or E2 or forskolin inhibited IP3 formation in a dose-dependent fashion. This inhibition was reduced by DADLE in a naloxone-reversible manner, a result suggesting that the inhibition is a cyclic AMP-mediated effect. These results show that (a) bradykinin acutely stimulates IP3 release from F-11 cells in a transient fashion, (b) bradykinin-induced IP3 release may be subject to negative feedback control mediated through protein kinase C, (c) IP3 release is partially inhibited by pertussis toxin and by increases in cyclic AMP content, and (d) inhibition of bradykinin-induced IP3 release can be produced by several novel bradykinin analogues.
Language, Literature, and Curriculum Revision in the 1980's

After an examination of the difficulties students face in making the transition from skills acquisition courses to the study of literature in college foreign language programs, and a brief review of suggestions offered in other articles that address the problem, this paper proposes the creation of a series of courses that emphasize the continuing development of both functional, communicative skills and analytical tools needed for the study of literature. These courses would be rotated on a threeor four-year basis, thereby providing students in language departments with limited faculty resources with the option of remaining in this type of course for the duration of their college careers, or advancing to courses that concentrate solely on literary concerns.
Effect of theophylline on substrate metabolism during exercise.

We tested the hypothesis that adenosine is involved in regulating substrate metabolism during exercise. Seven trained cyclists were studied during 30 minutes of exercise at approximately 75% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Lipid metabolism was evaluated by infusing [2H5]glycerol and [1-13C]palmitate, and glucose kinetics were evaluated by infusing [6,6-2H]glucose. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation were also measured by indirect calorimetry. The same subjects performed two identical exercise tests, but in one trial theophylline, a potent adenosine receptor antagonist, was infused for 1 hour before and throughout exercise. Theophylline did not increase whole-body lipolysis (glycerol rate of appearance [Ra]) or free fatty acid (FFA) release during exercise, but fat oxidation was lower than control values (9.5 +/- 3.0 v 18.0 +/- 4.2 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1), P < .01). Glucose Ra was not affected by theophylline infusion, but glucose uptake was lower (31.6 +/- 4.1 v 40.4 +/- 5.0 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1), P < .05) and glucose concentration was higher (6.4 +/- 0.6 v 5.8 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, P < .05) than in the control trial. Total carbohydrate oxidation (302.3 +/- 26.2 v 265.5 +/- 11.7 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1), P < .06), estimated muscle glycogenolysis (270.7 +/- 23.1 v 225.1 +/- 9.7 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1), P < .05), and plasma lactate concentration (7.9 +/- 1.6 v 5.9 +/- 1.1 mmol/L, P < .001) were also higher during the theophylline trial. These data suggest that adenosine may play a role in stimulating glucose uptake and restraining glycogenolysis but not in limiting lipolysis during exercise.
Doubly asymptotic approximations as non-reflecting boundaries in fluid-structure interaction problems

Abstract Acoustic approximations are differential relations between induced fluid pressure and velocity in an acoustic medium. The plane wave approximation (PWA) is valid for high frequency response while doubly asymptotic approximations (DAA) are valid at very high and very low frequencies and, in advanced versions, at selected intermediate frequencies. These relations have been applied extensively on the wet surface of submerged structures to completely uncouple the equations of motion of the structure from those of the surrounding fluid. If DAA are used, a different virtual mass matrix and, in the advanced versions, fitting matrices must be evaluated for each structural geometry. In this paper, the approximations are used on a fluid surface which encloses the structure and has a geometry for which virtual mass and fitting matrices are known. The response is obtained by solving numerically the coupled fluid-structure equations within this approximation to a non-reflecting boundary. A numerical example of the dynamic response of a spheroidal shell is solved using a sphere as the absorbing boundary and the response obtained is compared to exact results.
Apolitical Interpretation of Islam: Said Nursi's Faith-Based Activism in Comparison with Political Islamism and Sufism

Abstract In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, Islam has generally been represented in the media as a political ideology and some academics have over-emphasized this political image of Islam. These are not baseless speculations; there are several political Islamic groups worldwide. However, there are also many apolitical Islamic groups. This article analyzes one of the most influential apolitical Islamic movements in the world, the Nurcus, and its founder, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Nursi, the author of the Risale-i Nur collection, emphasized the ascetic aspect of Islam: ‘Ninety-nine percent of Islam is about ethics, worship, the hereafter, and virtue. Only one percent is about politics; leave that to the rulers.’ He also added, ‘I seek refuge in God from Satan and [party] politics.’ Through the analysis of Nursi's thought and activism, the article will try to answer the following questions: Was Nursi a Sufi? What are the theological and structural bases of Nursi's apolitical interpretation of Islam? What ...
Assessing stereotypes of adolescent rape

Abstract Purpose This study examined adolescent rape in light of two popular stereotypes of young rapists. The “deficit” view emphasizes various sexual, psychological, or social problems, whereas the “entitlement” perspective highlights instrumental motivation, confidence, and gender-based privileges. Methods The study analyzed data on adolescent males from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). We used rare events logistic regression analysis to test the associations between rape and sexual abuse, sexual activity, personality and social attributes, and control variables. Results Findings indicated notable associations between adolescent rape and variables emphasized by both stereotypes: net of a range of controls, a history of sexual abuse and low sexual self-control were associated with rape, but rape was also positively associated with self-esteem. We found no significant relationships between adolescent rape and sexual precociousness, number of sexual partners, using sex as a coping mechanism, social isolation, impulsivity, or narcissism. Conclusions These findings suggest that both the deficit and entitlement stereotypes hold some merit for understanding why some young men rape.
The crystal and molecular structure of 3,5‐Di‐(t‐butyl)‐1‐phenylphosphoryl‐4‐aza‐2,5‐cyclohexadiene

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound (C18H26NOP) has been determined by a single crystal, x-ray diffraction study using Cu-Kα. radiation. The compound was found to crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with unit cell constants a = 12.686 ± .001 A, b = 14.776 ± .001 A, and c = 9.540 ± .001 A. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by block-diagonal least-squares to a final R = 0.099 for the 696 statistically significant reflections. The compound exhibits orientational disorder in the crystalline state. Nevertheless, the planarity of this ring; the lengthening of the diene carbon-carbon bond to 1.41 A the resultant shortening of both the carbon-nitrogen bond (1.43 A) and the carbon-phosphorus bond (1.74 A), and the CNC bond angle of 121° all strongly support the assumption of delocalization of the diene π-electrons within the heterocyclic ring system.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways of the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)- mediated signaling pathways have been known to have important functions in eukaryotic organisms. The mechanisms by which the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata senses and responds to environmental signals have begun to be elucidated. Available data indicate that A. alternata utilizes the Fus3, Hog1 and Slt2 MAPK-mediated signaling pathways, either separately or in a cooperative manner, for conidia formation, resistance to oxidative and osmotic stress, and pathogenesis to citrus. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of MAPK signaling pathways, in conjunction with the two-component histidine kinase and the Skn7 response regulator, in the tangerine pathotype of A. alternata .
Microencapsulated phase-change material suspensions for heat transfer in spacecraft thermal systems

The potential for improvement of liquid-coupled heat exchange by utilizing a two-component suspension consisting of a carrier fluid and a microencapsulated phase-change material is presented. A system analysis utilizing a water suspension shows the effects on system behavior. Enhancement of fluid heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient is shown, along with reductions of system temperatures. Results of experiments are presented in which 10-30-/L*m particles of various microencapsulated paraffins were slurried with water as well as silicone oil and circulated in a model heat exchange loop. Enhancement of heat transfer coefficients and thermal properties, and reductions in system temperatures, are shown to occur experimentally. Significant improvements in overall performance are shown to be achievable. *
Septal pouch in the left atrium and risk of ischemic stroke.

Objectives We sought to assess the association between the presence of a septal pouch in the left atrium and ischemic stroke. Background It has been suggested that the presence of a left septal pouch (LSP) may favor the stasis of blood and possibly result in thromboembolic complications. However, the embolic potential of an LSP is not known. Methods The association between an LSP and risk of stroke was assessed using a population-based case-control study design. The presence of an LSP was assessed by transesophageal echocardiography in 187 patients >50 years of age with a first-ever ischemic stroke (96 men, mean age 70.6 ± 9.0 years) and in 157 control subjects matched to patients by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The association between an LSP and risk of stroke was assessed after adjustment for other stroke risk factors. Results Patients with LSPs were younger than control subjects (67.5 ± 9.1 years vs. 69.6 ± 8.8 years; p = 0.046), with a lower prevalence of hypertension (68.0% vs. 80.3%; p = 0.01). There were no differences in the prevalence of LSPs between stroke patients and control subjects (28.9% vs. 29.3%, respectively; p = 0.93). The subgroup of 69 patients (36.9%) with cryptogenic stroke showed a similar prevalence of LSPs (31.9% vs. 29.3%; p = 0.70). Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of an LSP was not associated with ischemic stroke (odds ratio: 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 1.85) or cryptogenic stroke (odds ratio: 1.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.71 to 2.78). Conclusions This study does not demonstrate evidence of the association of the presence of an LSP with ischemic stroke or cryptogenic stroke. The stroke risk associated with LSPs requires further evaluation in the younger stroke populations. The cofactors that may turn an LSP from an innocent bystander to a causative mechanism for stroke remains to be elucidated.
Chemical Defense of Brood by a Social Wasp

Ants are a constant threat to the nests of tropical social wasps. Adults of the neotropical social wasp Mischocyttarus drewseni apply a secretion to the nest stem which is repellent to ants foraging for food by scouting and recruiting, and effectively keeps them from gaining access to the nest and discovering the brood.
Microarray analysis of fiber cell maturation in the lens

The mammalian lens consists of an aged core of quiescent cells enveloped by layers of mature fully elongated cells and younger, continuously elongating transcriptionally active cells. The fiber cell maturation is initiated when fiber cells cease to elongate. The process of maturation represents a radical switch from active elongation to a life-long quiescence and has not been studied previously. It may also include critical stages of preparation for the organelle removal and denucleation. In the present study, we used laser capture microdisection (LCM) microdissection and RNA amplification to compare global gene expression profiles of young elongating and mature, non-elongating fiber cells. Analysis of microarray data from three independent dye-swap experiments identified 65 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.1) with greater than 2-fold change in expression levels. Microarray array results for a group of randomly selected genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. These microarray results provide clues to understanding the molecular pathways underlying lens development. The identified changes in the profile of gene expression reflected a shift in cell physiology characterizing the lens fiber maturation.
Creep of polycrystalline sodium chloride containing a dispersion of alumina

The creep of polycrystalline NaCl contaning a fine dispersion of Al2O3 particles is analysed in terms of dependence on stress, temperature, volume fraction and size of dispersion, and grain size of samples. Compressive creep experiments around 0.8 Tm show that the dispersion inhibits diffusive creep. The creep is characterized by a threshold stress above which the creep rate increased linearly with applied stress. The threshold stress decreases with increasing temperature and is proportional to the volume fraction of the dispersion in agreement with a model proposed by Burton. The activation energy corrected for the temperature dependence of the threshold stress falls within a narrow range consistent with grain-boundary diffusion of chlorine in sodium chloride. The grain-size dependence is not consistent with a modified diffusive creep model but it is suggested that it may be controlled by inhibited grain-boundary sliding according to a new model.
Melting of crystalline confined plasmas.

The melting of cold, ordered arrays of up to 10 000 charges, confined in external fields, has been studied in simulations. The latent heat associated with melting and the behavior of the specific heat were obtained, along with the spatial correlation function $g(r)$ with respect to neighbors and the diffusion rates, both as a function of temperature. The melting temperatures of finite arrays of ions are found to be lower than that for infinite Coulombic matter, by an amount that depends on the number of charges and on the fraction of ions in the surface layer, in particular.
Nutritional iron restriction diminishes acute complement-dependent lung injury

Abstract Deferoxamine has been shown to protect rats from lung injury after complement activation by a cobra venom factor (CVF). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of prior nutritional iron restriction on acute CVF-induced lung injury. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats given iron-deficient feed developed marked anemia within three weeks. Control rats received the same feed supplemented with 100 mg Fe/kg. Lung injury was assessed by quantitating the amount of 125 I-bovine serum albumin ( 125 I-BSA) remaining in the lungs 30 minutes after intravenous administration of CVF and 125 I-BSA. Injury was expressed as a permeability index (PI), reflecting the amount of radioactivity remaining in the lung parenchyma. The mean PI in the iron restricted group was 29% of that in the control group after correction for PI in saline treated groups, indicating substantial protection in association with iron restriction. The difference was highly significant (p
Location of the polysensory zone in the precentral gyrus of anesthetized monkeys

Neurons in the premotor cortex of macaques respond to tactile, visual and auditory stimuli. The distribution of these responses was studied in five anesthetized monkeys. In each monkey, multiunit activity was studied at a grid of locations across the precentral gyrus. A cluster of sites with polysensory responses was found posterior to the genu of the arcuate sulcus. Tactile and visual responses were represented in all five monkeys, while auditory responses were rarer and found in only two monkeys. This polysensory zone (PZ) was located in the caudal part of premotor cortex. It varied in extent among the monkeys. It was mainly ventral to the genu of the arcuate, in the dorsal and caudal part of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv). In some monkeys it extended more dorsally, into the caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Sensory responses were almost never found in the rostral part of PMd. We suggest that the polysensory zone may contribute to the guidance of movement on the basis of tactile, visual and auditory signals.
Poll positions and win probabilities: a stochastic model of the electoral process

The importance of estimates of the probabilities of the outcomes of elections have been suggested for some time. The notion of bandwagon or underdog effects in electoral campaigns (Simon, 1957; Laponce, 1966; and Fleitas, 1971) implies that voters may give their support to candidates on the basis of their estimates of the outcome of the election. The morale of party workers, their consequent effectiveness and the generosity of donors appears to be linked to their estimates of a candidate's probability of winning (Mendelsohn and Crespi, 1970). Also a voter's willingness to participate in the electoral process is seen to be affected by his prediction of the closeness of the final vote (Downs, 1957).
AUTHORITARIANISM AND MISOGYNY.

(1963). Authoritarianism and Misogyny. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 81-85.
The theory of market modernization of law

Abstract Many people believe that modernizing the law in developing countries requires comprehensive reform directed by state officials. This paper discusses an alternative, called “market modernization,” in which the state repeals laws creating obstacles to markets and selectively enforces norms that evolve in institutions located between individuals and the state. I develop a theory of the evolution of norms and apply it to developing countries.
HIV related vasculitic mononeuropathy multiplex: A role for IVIg?

Necrotising vasculitis is one of the pathological findings of mononeuropathy multiplex in patients infected with HIV. It is an infrequent complication that can occur at different stages of immunosuppression and with a prognosis correlating with the degree of immunocompetence.1-4 We report a patient with AIDS affected by necrotising vasculitis, who was successfully treated and followed up for 19 months. A 35 year old woman with AIDS presented in February 1995 with a two week history of progressive weakness and pain of her right hand and a left foot drop. The patient had been followed up neurologically since March 1994 for a distal sensory neuropathy, confirmed by electrophysiological studies. Her distal sensory neuropathy involved the lower limbs and was thought to be a result of HIV infection but exacerbated by zalcitabine and didanosine. Her medical history included recurrent pneumonia, syphilis, gonorrhoea, oral candidiasis, and Clostridium difficile colitis. Severe headaches had been evaluated in May 1994 with a normal MRI and lumbar puncture (venereal disease research laboratory test negative). Her CD4 count had dropped significantly from 392 to 94/mm3between February and December 1994. In February 1995, her neurological examination showed normal cognition, language, and intact cranial nerves. Motor examination disclosed normal tone, intrinsic muscle weakness of the right hand involving muscles supplied by …
Sophorolipids-induced cellulase production in cocultures of Hypocrea jecorina Rut C30 and Candida bombicola

Abstract Sophorose is a potent but expensive inducer for cellulase production. In this study the feasibility of using sophorolipids, natural lipids that contain sophorose, for cellulase induction was investigated. Enhanced cellulase production by Hypocrea jecorina Rut C30 grown on glycerol, a substrate without cellulase-inducing ability, was first confirmed by addition of the crude sophorolipids collected from Candida bombicola fermentation. Cocultures of H. jecorina Rut C30 and C. bombicola were then employed to evaluate the effects of coculture conditions: the cell concentration ratio between the two cultures, the concentration of vegetable oil (as lipid precursor for sophorolipid synthesis, in addition to glycerol as the primary carbon source), the presence of nitrogen source for growth, and the substitution of glucose for glycerol as the primary carbon source. Specific cellulase productivity of H. jecorina Rut C30 was significantly higher under the conditions that promoted sophorolipid production by C. bombicola. The ability of H. jecorina Rut C30 to degrade sophorolipids was also confirmed. The results of the study indicated that the sophorolipids produced by C. bombicola can be degraded by H. jecorina Rut C30 and the sophorose generated from the degradation can effectively induce the fungal cellulase synthesis.
The modal equations and viscously damped orthogonality

Abstract The modal equations solution to the viscously damped, linear elastic vibration problem is investigated with especial consideration for the orthogonality conditions. The practical result is an improved digital computer solution to the problem, and theoretically the viscously damped orthogonality conditions are established.
Cultural basis of high performance organizations

Purpose – In the knowledge‐based environment business firms face today, “high performance” organization is in popular demand. This paper aims to identify dimensions of organizational culture that are relevant in creating and maintaining a high performance organization within and across cultures.Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses are tested using the 62‐society Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness data on organizational and societal cultures. The impact of uncertainty avoidance, future orientation, power distance, gender egalitarianism, and humane orientation values and practices, at the organizational and societal level, is evaluated using hierarchical linear model methodology.Findings – Several strategic facets may help develop high performing organizations. First, invest in the societies where such organizations are common. Second, invest in the societies that have uncertainty absorbing technological infrastructure and that are culturally sensitive (humane oriented). Thi...
Smooth nonparametric estimation of thedistribution and density functions from record-breaking data

In some experiments, such as destructive stress testing and industrial quality control experiments, only values smaller than all previous ones are observed. Here, for such record-breaking data, kernel estimation of the cumulative distribution function and smooth density estimation is considered. For a single record-breaking sample, consistent estimation is not possible, and replication is required for global results. For m independent record-breaking samples, the proposed distribution function and density estimators are shown to be strongly consistent and asymptotically normal as m → ∞. Also, for small m, the mean squared errors and biases of the estimators and their smoothing parameters are investigated through computer simulations.
Mean-variance analysis for indivisible assets

Abstract In this paper we shall demonstrate classic mean-variance analysis for universes of indivisible assets. Our discrete mean-variance model, the frontier generation mechanism, and a brief description of the quadratic integer programming algorithm are presented first. We then discuss some computational strategies important in practical applications, and provide a numerical example adapted from real estate investment analysis. Finally, we present some observations on the nature of the efficient set and some general conclusions.
Integration by parts for the generalized Riemann-Stieltjes integral

Under the standard assumptions, the formula for integration by parts is obtained by a straightforward calculation.
Contact finite element stress analysis of the hip joint

Two-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted of the normal hip using contact elements at the joint surface. The models studied were constructed for a slice through the pubis, acetabulum, and ilium. In the analyses the proximal femur was pressed into the acetabulum and intraarticular pressures and principal stresses in the joint region were determined for different load magnitudes and directions and various boundary conditions. Three sets of boundary conditions were examined: (a) deformable pubic symphysis, (b) rigid pubic symphysis, and (c) simulations of experimental studies. In the deformable model the pubic symphysis was free to displace in the sagittal plane and rotate. In the rigid model the pubic symphysis was rigidly fixed. Superoposterior loading resulted in high-contact pressures at the acetabular dome for all sets of boundary conditions. For the deformable model subject to a more medially directed load the acetabulum closed in such a manner as to squeeze the head of the femur creating high-contact pressures superiorly and inferiorly. This resulted in significant compressive stresses in the superior dome cancellous bone and inferior cancellous bone. The cumulative effect of this squeezing action with normal biological remodeling may cause elongation of the femoral head resulting in asphericity and incongruity of the unloaded hip joint articular surfaces. Rigidly fixing the pubic symphysis stiffened the model and resulted in principal stress patterns that did not reflect trabecular density or orientations as well as those of the deformable pubic symphysis model. Finite element simulations of previous experimental studies modeled the close proximity of the fixation to the excised acetabulum. These boundary conditions prevented the squeezing caused by pelvis deformations. The resulting contact areas, pressure distributions, and bone stresses were very different from those of the more anatomic, deformable pubic symphysis model. These findings demonstrate the sensitivity of hip contact pressures and stresses to imposed boundary conditions and indicate that care should be taken to simulate anatomic conditions in experimental and theoretical studies.
Induction of proliferation of human T cells and T-cell blasts by monocyte-derived factors and lectin.

Abstract Highly purified populations of human T cells and of human monocytes were obtained using a combination of physical separation procedures—plastic adherence, nylon wool fractionation, and fractionation over Percoll density gradients—and of complement-dependent lysis with mouse monoclonal antibody to human T cells (anti-T3) and with rabbit antihuman monocyte and rabbit antihuman p 29, 34 antisera. The proliferative response of purified human T cells to concanavalin A (Con A) was absolutely dependent on the presence of a radio-resistant DR-bearing monocyte. Following stimulation with Con A a DR-bearing monocyte secreted a growth factor which in the presence of lectin induced proliferation in T cells and in T cell growth factor (TCGF)-dependent T-cell blasts. The monocyte-derived growth factor differed from TCGF but in the presence of lectin induced TCGF secretion by T cells. It exhibited properties very similar to those of interleukin-1.
Chloroplast genome organization in Chlamydomonas

Summary Although the chloroplast genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains essentially the same complement of genes as chloroplast genomes of land plants, the arrangement of these genes within the circular DNA molecule is very different. Studies in several laboratories suggest that comparison of gene order, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and sequences within chloroplast DNA may be valuable tools in phylogenetic analysis of Chlamydomonas species. We have found that six interfertile strains in the C. reinhardtii group differ by restriction fragment length polymorphisms throughout their chloroplast genomes. In two of these strains the chloroplast genomes are known to be colinear and the differences largely attributable to variations in the size and distribution of clusters of short dispersed repeat sequences occurring in intergenic regions. These repeats, which are marked by Aat II and Kpn I restriction sites, are present in the chloroplast genomes of all six interfertile strains of the C. reinhardtii group, but are absent from the chloroplast genomes of C. eugametos, C. moewusii, C. incerta and C. globosa. The latter two species, which are sensitive to the same vegetative cell autolysin as C. reinhardtii, do not appear to be interfertile with C. reinhardtii. Restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA suggests that C. incerta and C. globosa are very similar to one another, but differ greatly from C. reinhardtii.
IP traffic over STANAG5066

Rockwell-Collins France has completed during the calendar year 2002 the software development of an IP client for the product line HFMessenger/spl trade/ that is compliant with STANAG5066. STANAG5066 is a new ratified NATO standard that defines a profile for high frequency radio data communications. The key features of this standard are the definition of a selective ARQ mechanism and the use of high performance capabilities (connection layer, adaptive data rate, synchronous high data rate,...). The STANAG5066 Annex F provides a list of top-level applications that can interface to the protocol stack in order to transmit useful data over a reliable High Frequency channel. Among these applications is an IP client. This IP client is a software application that acts basically as an HF router conveying any IP traffic coming from a Local Area Network to another Local Area Network passing through the HF network. The IP client, combined with HFMessenger/spl trade/ software and the high-speed HF modem MDM-Q9600 from Rockwell-Collins, offers a new way to transmit IP traffic over HF.
Precision Measurement of the Rydberg Constant by Laser Saturation Spectroscopy of the Balmer α Line in Hydrogen and Deuterium

We have determined a new Rydberg value, ${R}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}=109737.3143(10)$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, with an order of magnitude improvement in precision, by measuring the absolute wavelengths of resolved fine-structure components of the Balmer $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ line in hydrogen and deuterium, excited in a dc gas discharge. Doppler broadening was eliminated by saturation spectroscopy with a pulsed dye laser. An iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser was the wavelength standard. Possible sources of systematic errors have been carefully investigated.
Multifaceted Reality of Juvenile Delinquency: An Empirical Analysis of Structural Theories and Literature

The adolescent’s world of delinquent behaviors and risk and protective factors around each behavior is very complicated and articulating certain characteristics or contents of effective programs thus has been intricate. This paper reports the findings of a study examining an original model with the three problems of major juvenile delinquent behaviors: substance abuse, tobacco smoking and violent behavior, by testing their risk/protective factors derived from theories and past empirical studies. The satisfactory model fit was confirmed with the Structural Equation Modeling and structure of a multidimensional construct in the hypothesized model, which showed specified causal linkage, was validated. The authors also found 10 mediating effects among risk/protective factors either with theoretical/past literature result rationale or authors assumptions which led both to confirmatory and new findings.
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates TLR3 induced cytokines in human oral keratinocytes

Abstract Recent studies implicate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the control of inflammatory responses following Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation in myeloid cells but its role in non-myeloid cells such as human keratinocytes is unknown. Here we show that TLR3 signaling can induce robust cytokine secretion including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), IL-12p70 and interferon beta (IFN-β), and our data reveal for the first time that inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin, suppresses these TLR3 induced responses but actually enhances bioactive IL-12p70 production in human oral keratinocytes. Rapamycin inhibited the phosphorylation of the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and the 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP-1), and suppressed the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by decreasing phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We also show that TLR3 induces interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation by Akt via an mTOR–p70S6K–4EBP1 pathway. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Poly I:C induced expression of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-12p70 and IFN-β was blocked by JNK inhibitor SP600125. TLR3 preferentially phosphorylated IKKα through mTOR to activate nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) in human oral keratinocytes. Taken together, these data demonstrate p70S6K, p4EBP1, JNK, NF-κB and IRF3 are involved in the regulation of inflammatory mediators by TLR3 via the mTOR pathway. mTOR is a novel pathway modulating TLR3 induced inflammatory and antiviral responses in human oral keratinocytes.
Nucleon binding corrections to lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering: Use of a realistic spectral function.

Nuclear spectral functions computed with realistic nuclear forces are used to compute mean separation energies and to estimate the binding corrections to lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering. The separation energies are large and significant binding effects are obtained.
A portable infrasound generator

The rotary subwoofer is a novel low frequency transducer capable of efficiently generating infrasound from a compact source. A field-deployable version of this device may find application as a calibration source for infrasound arrays of the International Monitoring System (IMS) [(2001). The Global Verification Regime and the International Monitoring System (CTBTO Preparatory Commission Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria)]. A prototype tested at the IMS infrasound array I59US demonstrated the ability to insonify all elements of the array from a standoff distance of 3.8km. Signal-to-noise ratios of continuous wave signals ranged from 5to15dB, indicating the utility of this source to transmit controllable infrasound signals over distances of 5km.
A simple correction for multiple comparisons in interval mapping genome scans

Several approaches have been proposed to correct point-wise significance thresholds used in interval-mapping genome scans. A method for significance threshold correction based on the Bonferroni test is presented. This test involves calculating the effective number of independent comparisons performed in a genome scan from the variance of the eigenvalues of the observed marker correlation matrix. The more highly correlated the markers, the higher the variance of the eigenvalues and the lower the number of independent tests performed on a chromosome. This approach was evaluated by mapping 1000 normally distributed phenotypes along chromosomes of varying length and marker density in a population size of 500. Experiment-wise significance thresholds obtained from the simulation are compared to those calculated using the Bonferroni criterion and the newly developed measure of the effective number of independent tests in a genome scan. The Bonferroni calculation produced significance thresholds very similar to those obtained by simulation. The threshold levels for both Bonferroni and simulation analysis depended strongly on the marker density and size of chromosomes. There was a slight bias of about 1% in the thresholds obtained at the 5% and 10% point-wise significance levels. The method introduced here provides a relatively simple correction for multiple comparisons that can be easily calculated using standard statistics packages.
The Journey to an Inaugural Chief Diversity Officer: Preparation, Implementation and Beyond

In this article, we discuss the necessary components for successfully creating and implementing a chief diversity officer (CDO) position within a four-year public institution. We explore information about critical stages of the process such as the creation of the position, the recruitment process, and compatibility with the institution's mission. Our research emphasizes the need for modeling intercultural competence at all stages of the process. We underscore the significance of infusing institutional values into a position that is meaningful to all constituencies. We suggest ways of keeping the politics, structures, and culture of readers' own institutions at the forefront of the planning and implementation process.
Quaternary structure of the radular muscle myglobin of the gastropod mollusc buccinum undatum L.

1. 1. The radular muscle myoglobin of the gastropod mollusc Buccinum undatum has been purified. 2. 2. The myoglobin has a molecular weight of 33,800 and possesses two heme groups per molecule. 3. 3. When the myoglobin is reacted with excess p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PMB), a single derivative of molecular weight 16,900 is formed. 4. 4. The amino acid composition of the purified PMB derivative is: Lys18His7 Arg2 Asp16 Thr14 Ser8 Glu5 Pro2 Gly13 Ala1912Cys2 Val5 Met5 Ileu3 Leu17 Tyr1 Phy10 Trp3. 5. 5. The native myoglobin is probably composed of two identical subunits. 6. 6. When the PMB-derivative is reacted successively with 2-mercaptoethanol and aminoiminoemethanesulfinic acid, a dimeric myoglobin is regenerated. 7. 7. The evolutionary relationship of Buccinum myoglobin to other gastropod myoglobins is discussed.
Presence and distribution of gonadotropin and thyrotropin in the pars distalis of the lizard Anolis carolinensis.

Abstract Partial hypophysectomy and bioassay of pituitary extracts were used to study the presence and distribution of thyrotropin (TSH) and gonadotropin within the pars distalis of the adult male lizard (Anolis carolinensis). Removal of different regions of the pars distalis indicated that gonadotropin was produced throughout the gland, whereas TSH was produced primarily by the caudal region of the gland. Injections of extracts of either rostral or caudal halves of the pars distalis stimulated testicular growth and interstitial cell activity in hypophysectomized Anolis, and the concentration of gonadotropin appears to be approximately equal in the two regions. The existence of two separate gonadotropins in reptiles is questioned. Hypophysectomy produced a gradual decline in the rate of radioiodine uptake by the thyroid; 24-hr uptake values 11 days after hypophysectomy were only 20% of control values, and after 21 days they were only about 2% of controls. A reduced rate of urinary 131I excretion also occurred in hypophysectomized animals. Chromatographic analysis of hydrolyzed thyroid homogenates and plasma indicated a relatively high rate of T4 production and secretion by the thyroids of intact animals, suggesting that the reptilian thyroid is not as sluggish as previously described. Hypophysectomy significantly reduced the rate of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Only the caudal half of the pars distalis appeared to have TSH activity as judged by the radioiodine uptake and labeling of T4 in hypophysectomized Anolis injected with pituitary extracts. Animals injected with caudal tissue also showed significantly more lean growth than the other hypophysectomized animals. These results are discussed in relation to histological studies of pituitary cell types. Previous identification of pituitary thyrotropes and gonadotropes appear incorrect and a tentative scheme for the functional identification of the 5 recognized cell types in the pars distalis is proposed in light of recent bioassays of the pituitary hormones in reptiles.
An Induced-Convection Effect Upon the Peak-Boiling Heat Flux

Induced convection effect on peak pool-boiling heat flux under variable gravity, pressure and size conditions and various boiled liquids
Distributed informative sensor determination via sparsity-cognizant matrix decomposition

A novel framework is developed that decomposes a matrix into sparse factors. The sparse matrix decomposition scheme is utilized to determine in a distributed fashion which sensors, in a sensor network, acquire informative data about phenomena of interest. A setting, where the sensor data covariance matrix consists of hidden sparse factors, is considered. The proposed sparsity-cognizant algorithm is used to determine the support of the sparse covariance factors, and subsequently identify the informative sensors. A centralized formulation is given first that relies on norm-one regularization. Then, using the notion of missing covariance entries, we obtain an optimization framework that allows distributed estimation of the unknown sparse factors. The corresponding optimization problems are tackled via simple coordinate descent iterations. Different from existing approaches, the novel utilization of covariance sparsity allows distributed source-informative sensor identification, without the need of knowing the data model parameters.
Double proton transfer in the and states of the tropolone • HF complex

The ground ( ) and first excited singlet ( ) states of the binary tropolone · HF complex have been examined computationally by exploiting minimal Hartree–Fock (HF/CIS), density functional (DFT/TDDFT), and coupled-cluster (CC/EOM–CC) schemes in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. This adduct, formed by introducing a hydrogen fluoride ligand into the reaction cleft of the tropolone substrate, affords a model system for probing the nature of double proton-transfer events. Ab initio studies built upon the coupled-cluster ansatz predict a synchronous ground-state reaction barrier of cm−1 height, which represents a 30% drop from the analogous quantity in bare tropolone. Redistribution of charge density upon − ( ) electronic excitation transforms the potential energy landscape markedly, yielding a pronounced tightening of the critical O1−H ··· F−H ··· O2 interaction region (e.g., key heavy-atom distances decrease from A and A to A and A) and a commensurate reduction in the impediment for hydron migration...