cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comment on “Rescaling the complementary relationship for land surface evaporation” by R. Crago et al.

The generalized complementary relationship (GCR) model of Brusaert [2015] has been widely applied to estimate land surface evapotranspiration (E) over Chinese eastern monsoon region, Loess Plateau and Australia. However, Crago et al. [2016] (henceforth C16) recently noted a deficiency in one of his boundary conditions and proposed a novel approach to improve it. The key of this approach is to determine the ratio (xmin) of the potential evapotranspiration (Epo) to the apparent potential evapotranspiration for an entirely dry surface (Epads) at which E tends to be vanishing. As seen, the physically reasonable range of xmin should be between 0 and 1. The present comment reports that the xmin in C16 may become invalid under conditions of relatively strong available energy but weak winds if Epads is calculated by the mass-transfer-based method, thereby causing unrealistic estimation of E. A more preferable way to determine Epads is still based on the traditional Penman-based equation with consideration of the characteristics of dry air in which Epads occurs.
Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and freedom from amputation after lower extremity revascularization.

Objective Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have not been well evaluated in conjunction with lower extremity revascularization (LER). This study evaluated freedom from amputation in patients who underwent either an open (OPEN) or endovascular (ENDO) revascularization with and without utilization of an ACEI. Materials and methods Patients who underwent LER were identified from 2007-2008 Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files. Demographics, comorbidities, and disease severity were obtained. Post-procedural use of an ACEI was confirmed using combining them with National Drug Codes and Part D Files. Outcomes were analyzed using chi-square analysis, Kaplan-Meier test, and Cox regression. Results We identified 22,954 patients who underwent LER: 8,128 (35.4%) patients with claudication, 3,056 (13.3%) with rest pain, and 11,770 (51.3%) with ulceration or gangrene. More patients underwent ENDO (14,353) than OPEN (8,601) revascularization and 38% of the cohort was taking an ACEI. Overall, ACEI utilization compared to patients not taking ACEI was not associated with lower amputation rates at 30 days (13.5% vs. 12.6%), 90 days (17.7% vs. 17.1%), or 1 year (23.9% vs. 22.8%) (P>0.05 for all). After adjustment for comorbidities, ACEI utilization was associated with higher amputation rates for patients with rest pain (hazard ratio: 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.8). Conclusion ACEI utilization was not associated with overall improved rates of amputation-free survival or overall survival in the vascular surgery population. However, an important finding of this study was that patients presenting with a diagnosis of rest pain and taking an ACEI who underwent a LER had statistically higher amputation rates and a lower amputation-free survival at 1 year. Further analysis is needed to delineate best medical management for patients with critical limb ischemia and taking ACEI who undergo vascular revascularization.
Modeling Left Ventricular Blood Flow Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

This study aims to investigate the capability of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a fully Lagrangian mesh-free method, to simulate the bulk blood flow dynamics in two realistic left ventricular (LV) models. Three dimensional geometries and motion of the LV, proximal left atrium and aortic root are extracted from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and multi-slice computed tomography imaging data. SPH simulation results are analyzed and compared with those obtained using a traditional finite volume-based numerical method, and to in vivo phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography data, in terms of the large-scale blood flow phenomena usually clinically measured. A quantitative comparison of the velocity fields and global flow parameters between the in silico models and the in vivo data shows a reasonable agreement, given the inherent uncertainties and limitations in the modeling and imaging techniques. The results indicate the capability of SPH as a promising tool for predicting clinically relevant large-scale LV flow information.
Investigation of the Use of a Family Health History Application in Genetic Counseling

The paper-based pedigree is the current standard for family health history (FHH) documentation in genetic counseling. Several tools for electronic capture of family health data have been developed to improve re-use and accessibility, data quality and standardization, ease of updating, and integration with electronic medical records. One such tool, the tablet-based Proband application, provides a flexible approach to data capture in dynamic and diverse clinical settings. This study compared Proband FHH collection to paper-based methods and investigated the usability of Proband in a clinical setting. After one use by 23 genetic counselors and students, Proband had 91% accuracy with a FHH audio scenario, which was significantly less (p < 0.001) than paper’s 96% accuracy. These differences were attributed to incorrect or missing ages of grandparents (p < 0.001) and great-aunts/uncles (p = 0.012) and missing documentation of consanguinity (p < 0.001). Possible explanations for these differences include greater experience with paper FHH documentation and pre-populated prompts for consanguinity on the paper template used. Proband’s perceived usability increased with use, with individual System Usability Scores increasing between first and last use (p = 0.033). We conclude that tools for dynamic, provider-driven FHH documentation such as Proband show promise for improving risk assessment accuracy and quality patient care.
Satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in the real world and in video games predict internet gaming disorder scores and well-being

Abstract The need-density hypothesis proposes that pathological gaming is most likely to occur when satisfaction of three basic human needs (competence, autonomy, relatedness) is low in the real world but high in video games. Our study tested this hypothesis to determine whether real-world need satisfaction and video game need satisfaction independently predict internet gaming disorder scores (IGD). We also assessed the effects of need frustration in both domains. As expected, we found strong support for the need-density hypothesis in terms of need satisfaction. Unexpectedly, need frustration in both domains was positively associated with IGD scores. A second goal of our study was to determine how the satisfaction and frustration of needs in both domains relate to well-being. We found consistent associations between well-being and real-world need satisfaction and frustration. Associations between well-being and video game need satisfaction and frustration were inconsistent, however. This pattern suggests that the satisfaction and frustration of needs in the real world is more important for well-being than the satisfaction and frustration of needs in video games. Thus, the real-world superiority hypothesis was supported over the video game superiority and equivalence hypotheses.
The association of flavored milk consumption with milk and energy intake, and obesity: A systematic review.

Taxes on sugary drinks are being implemented to prevent chronic diseases. Sugar-sweetened milk has been exempt from such policies because of its nutritional value. This systematic review sought to examine whether flavored milk consumption was associated with milk and energy intake, and obesity among children. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the grey literature was conducted for peer-reviewed publications published before June 6, 2016 that met the following criteria: 1) English-language publications 2) studies of children ages 1 to 18 years, 3) controlled experimental, cohort, case-control, systematic reviews, or meta-analysis studies 4) dependent variable: flavored milk consumption 5) independent variable: weight, weight gain, weight change, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, serum glucose, calories, sugar, or milk consumed. Of 3978 studies identified, 13 met inclusion criteria. Ten studies were experimental and three were longitudinal cohort studies. Eleven studies found that flavored milk increased overall milk intake, five of seven studies that examined energy intake showed that flavored milk increased energy intake, and one of three studies that assessed obesity outcomes demonstrated an increase in weight gain with flavored milk consumption. Only one study was a randomized controlled trial, most studies had high bias, and over half were industry-funded or did not disclose funding. Although flavoring milk may increase milk intake, added sugars may promote increased energy intake. More data regarding flavored milk's impact on health is needed to inform its role in sugary drink policies.
The environmental justice movement: Equitable allocation of the costs and benefits of environmental management outcomes

We present a review of theoretical and methodological advances in the social scientific literature on environmental inequality/racism and argue for new directions in research efforts that pay more attention to (1) the historical forces driving environmental justice conflicts; (2) the complex role of stakeholders in these struggles; (3) the role of social inequality, particularly the trade-offs between environmental protection and social equity; and (4) the impact of social movement activity on the state of environmental protection. Drawing on a case study of an environmental justice conflict in the United States, we find that environmental inequality impacts many actors with often contradictory and cross-cutting allegiances. These struggles therefore become a moving drama—a process—rather than a cross-sectional outcome. We conclude with an analysis of environmental inequality on a global scale and argue that the role of transnational capital remains largely untheorized in the literature. We suggest new models for explaining environmental inequality's causes and consequences.
Motion-Aided Network SLAM

A key problem in the deployment of sensor networks is that of determining the location of each sensor such that subsequent data gathered can be registered. We would also like the network to provide localization for mobile entities, allowing them to navigate and explore the environment. In this paper, we present a thorough evaluation of our algorithm for localizing and mapping the mobile and stationary nodes in a sparsely connected sensor network using range-only measurements and odometry from the mobile node. Our approach utilizes an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) in polar space allowing us to model the nonlinearity within the range-only measurements using Gaussian distributions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using experiments in realistic obstacle-filled environments that not only limit network connectivity but also introduce additional noise to the range data. Our results reveal that our proposed method offers good accuracy in these challenging environments even when little to no prior information is available.
Molecular Genetic Abnormalities in Acute and Chronic Leukemias

Leukemias are monoclonal neoplasms that arise as a result of acquired mutations in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Approximately 25,000 to 30,000 new cases of leukemia are diagnosed in the United States each year (1). Clinically, leukemias can be divided into acute and chronic neoplasms. Patients with acute leukemia usually present with an abrupt onset of symptoms attributable to bone marrow failure. Thus, patients can present with anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia. The neoplastic cells are immature blasts and the disease is aggressive, requiring immediate and aggressive chemotherapy. By contrast, patients with chronic leukemia have more gradual onset of symptoms, usually without bone marrow failure initially, and the neoplastic cells are differentiated (e.g., maturing granulocytes or small lymphocytes). Therapy for chronic leukemias is typically less aggressive at onset and is not needed for some patients (e.g., chronic lymphocytic leukemia), although eventually patients usually require therapy for either massive tumor burden or transformation to a higher-grade tumor.
A Library Approach to Cationic Amphiphilic Polyproline Helices that Target Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria.

A number of pathogenic bacteria reproduce inside mammalian cells and are thus inaccessible to many antimicrobial drugs. Herein, we present a facile method to a focused library of antibacterial agents known as cationic amphiphilic polyproline helices (CAPHs). We identified three CAPHs from the library with superior cell penetration within macrophages and excellent antibacterial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These cell-penetrating antibacterial CAPHs have specific subcellular localizations that allow for targeting of pathogenic bacteria at their intracellular niches, a unique feature that promotes the successful clearance of intracellular pathogens (Salmonella, Shigella, and Listeria) residing within macrophages. Furthermore, the selected CAPHs also significantly reduced bacterial infections in an in vivo model of Caenorhabditis elegans, with minimal in vivo toxicity.
Neyman’s Restricted Chi Square Tests

Throughout Neyman’s papers, the idea of restricting significance tests to a well-defined class of alternative hypotheses keeps recurring. However, in one section of his work, the concept is not only made very explicit, but a technique for constructing restricted tests is derived. The work on restricted chi square tests appears in several papers by Neyman but is best summed up in a paper by Fix, Hodge, and Lehmann [1959].
Helen H. Reed and Trevor J. Dadson. La princesa de Éboli cautiva del rey: Vida de Ana de Mendoza y de la Cerda (1540–1592): Marcial Pons, 2015. 539 pp.

This meticulously researched biography by Helen Reed and Trevor Dadson represents a major contribution to our knowledge of one of the most misunderstood feminine figures of early modern Spain. An a...
Using Art Techniques Across Cultural and Race Boundaries: Working With Identity (Utilisation de techniques artistiques au-delà des frontières culturelles et raciales : travail sur l’identité), by Lorette Dye

The rapidly globalizing world encourages many art therapy students and therapists to participate in intercultural or global action art therapy projects. With this in mind, Lorette Dye offers valuab...
Pediatric population health analysis of southern and central Illinois region: A cross sectional retrospective study using association rule mining and multiple logistic regression.

Abstract Background Southern Illinois University School of Medicine (SIUSOM) collects large amounts of data every day. SIUSOM and other similar healthcare systems are always looking for better ways to use the data to understand and address population level problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the administrative dataset for pediatric patients served by Southern Illinois University School of Medicine (SIUSOM) to uncover patterns that correlate specific demographic information to diagnoses of pediatric diseases. The study uses a cross-sectional database of medical billing information for all pediatric patients served by SIUSOM between June 2013 and December 2016. The dataset consists of about 980.9K clinical visits for 65.4K unique patients and includes patient demographic identifiers such as their sex, date of birth, race, anonymous zipcode and primary and secondary insurance plan as well as the related pediatric diagnosis codes. The goal is to find unknown correlations in this database. Method We proposed a two step methodology to derive unknown correlations in SIUSOM administrative database. First, Class association rule mining was used as a well-established data mining method to generate hypothesis and derive associations of the form D → M, where D is diagnosis code of a pediatric disease and M is a patient demographic identifier (age,sex, anonymous zipcode, insurance plan, or race). The resulting associations were pruned and filtered using measures such as lift, odds ratio, relative risk, and confidence. The final associations were selected by a pediatric doctor based on their clinical significance. Second,each association rule in the final set was further validated and adjusted odds ratios were obtained using multiple logistic regression. Results Several associations were found correlating specific patients’ residential zip codes with the diagnosis codes for viral hepatitis carrier, exposure to communicable diseases, screening for mental and developmental disorder in childhood, history allergy to medications, disturbance of emotions specific to childhood, and acute sinusitis. In addition, the results show that African American patients are more likely to be screened for mental and developmental disorders compared to White patients for SIUSOM pediatric population (Odds Ratio (OR):3.56, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):[3.29,3.85]). Conclusion Class association rule mining is an effective method for detecting signals in a large patient administrative database and generating hypotheses which correlate patients’ demographics with diagnosis of pediatric diseases. A post processing of the hypotheses generated by this method is necessary to prune spurious associations and select a set of clinically relevant hypotheses.
The DIAL Study (Dual Immunomodulation in Aggressive Lymphoma): A randomized phase 2 study of CDX-1127 (varlilumab) in combination with nivolumab in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas (NCI 10089/NCT03038672).

TPS7570Background: The DIAL study is testing the efficacy of dual immunomodulation in patients with advanced B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Developed by the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program ...
Absorption of short-chain to long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances using swellable organically modified silica

Organosilica synthesis chemistry via the sol–gel method was used to create porous organosilica adsorbents designed to remove PFAS compounds from water. A set of adsorbents was created by incorporating a fluorophilic amide or fluoroalkyl function group along with quaternary groups for ion exchange within a continuous porous matrix. A distinguishing aspect of the adsorbents was the ability to volumetrically swell 2.5× (>6 mL g−1) in the presence of organic liquids. Swelling results from a flexible pore architecture and was used to create expanded mesopores which were hypothesized to yield greater adsorption capacity for PFAS compounds. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics experiments were conducted for a set of 12 PFAS analytes in deionized water and 50 mM NaCl in order to understand the effect of adsorbate characteristics and ionic strength on adsorption. PFAS of all chain lengths ranging from C4–C10 were bound to adsorbents possessing both fluorophilic and cationic groups. In comparison, only long-chain PFAS >C6 are bound when the adsorbents are exclusively hydrophobic or fluorophilic. An adsorbent was created where a cationic imidazolium containing polymer was entrapped within the swellable pores. The polymer-infused organosilica demonstrated the highest capacity across the suite of 12 short-chain and long-chain PFAS. In column experiments, the polymer organosilica yielded 47 mg g−1 capacity for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) prior to breakthrough with an influent concentration of 200 μg L−1, approximately an order a magnitude greater than GAC. The high adsorption capacity is attributed to expandable pores which can accommodate polymer and PFAS adsorbates while maintaining sufficient access for mass transport.
IDVE: an integrated development and verification environment for JavaScript

Program verifiers statically check programs based on source code annotations such as invariants, pre- and postconditions. These annotations can be more precise than simple types. For example, a sorting routine might be annotated with a postcondition stating that its result is sorted. However, the verification process for these annotations can become complex. Therefore, simple error messages may not be sufficient to help the programmer resolve verification issues. In order to improve the programming experience for verified programming, this paper presents IDVE, an integrated development and verification environment that lets users interactively inspect and debug verification issues. The goal of IDVE is to provide a development tool that assists users with program verification analogous to how interactive step-by-step debugging avoids manual "printf debugging". IDVE enables programmers to interactively manipulate assumptions and assertions of verification conditions with a novel verification inspector, and IDVE automatically generates tests that serve as executable and debuggable counterexamples. In addition to presenting the approach and implementation of the integrated development and verification environment, we also conducted a user study with 18 participants to evaluate how the proposed features of the environment are perceived. Participants with and without prior experience with program verifiers had to solve a series of simple programming and verification tasks and answer an online survey. Features of IDVE were generally seen as helpful or potentially helpful but user interface design is an essential factor for their utility.
Assessing the Risk for Gout With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background Hyperuricemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is known to cause gout. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors prevent glucose reabsorption and lower serum uric acid levels. Objective To compare the rate of gout between adults prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor and those prescribed a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonist. Design Population-based new-user cohort study. Setting A U.S. nationwide commercial insurance database from March 2013 to December 2017. Patients Persons with type 2 diabetes newly prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor were 1:1 propensity score matched to patients newly prescribed a GLP1 agonist. Persons were excluded if they had a history of gout or had received gout-specific treatment previously. Measurements The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of gout. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of the primary outcome and 95% CIs. Results The study identified 295 907 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were newly prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor or a GLP1 agonist. The gout incidence rate was lower among patients prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor (4.9 events per 1000 person-years) than those prescribed a GLP1 agonist (7.8 events per 1000 person-years), with an HR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.72) and a rate difference of -2.9 (CI, -3.6 to -2.1) per 1000 person-years. Limitation Unmeasured confounding, missing data (namely incomplete laboratory data), and low baseline risk for gout. Conclusion Adults with type 2 diabetes prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor had a lower rate of gout than those prescribed a GLP1 agonist. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors may reduce the risk for gout among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, although future studies are necessary to confirm this observation. Primary funding source Brigham and Women's Hospital.
EDITORIAL: Surpassing STEM’s Gender Limitations: Structures, Interventions, and Systems Change

This editorial introduces the first of two International Journal of Gender, Science, and Technology special issues, focused on research that emerged from the Network Gender & STEM conference, centering on a re-imagining of “who does STEM,” and featured scholars from an array of disciplines and perspectives from around the globe. This re-imagining serves a critical purpose, to develop a vision for a less gender-typed present and future that identifies challenges, tests pathways through them, and forges a theoretically- and empirically-grounded path through the decades ahead. Can we be innovative in science and technology while furthering the education and career advancement of women of all backgrounds in these fields? This set of issues collectively furthers the response: yes, we can. Over the course of the issue, the argument is also made that systemic changes to reconfigure the powerful status quo need to be part of the work towards gender equity and socially just societies that position those of any gender as able and ready to do and in fact excel in STEM disciplines. Importantly, the scholarship produced in this issue is not limited to gender alone, but considers to varying degrees how power and inequality across identities and contexts can intersect with gender and compound its effects. From early education through adulthood, gender shapes how humans interface with science and technology. Therefore, some discussion of gender beyond the binary is undertaken, particularly in the latter manuscripts. These manuscripts individually and as a set advance the conversation around what can be done across education and society to achieve gender equity in STEM.
Complete Depletion of Daratumumab Interference in Serum Samples from Plasma Cell Myeloma Patients Improves the Detection of Endogenous M-Proteins in a Preliminary Study.

Background: Therapeutic humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody (t-mAb), daratumumab (DARA) is a Food and Drug Administration approved drug for the treatment of relapsed/refractory plasma cell myeloma (PCM). DARA appears on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and on serum immunofixation (sIFE) as an IgG kappa monoclonal immunoglobulin protein (M-protein), complicating the assessment of the patients’ response to therapy. A more ominous threat to patient safety can occur with the misinterpretation of the presence of a small t-mAb spike as being the residual product of the patient’s neoplastic clone, presented either as oligoclonality or new clonality, which could result in incorrect interpretation of failure to achieve remission. Methods: In this report, we describe a novel and cost-effective technique based on biotinylated recombinant CD38 and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads to capture and remove residual DARA present in PCM patient serum samples. The treated samples are then run like regular samples on SPEP and sIFE. We validated this simple technique in DARA-spiked PCM samples and patient samples on DARA treatment. Results: Our simple capture technique completely extracted DARA in all of the tested serum specimens and allowed the assessment of residual M-protein without DARA interference. The results were reproducible and highly specific for DARA, and did not have any impact on endogenous M-protein migration and quantification by SPEP and sIFE. The cost of this technique is much lower and it can be performed in-house with a very short turnaround time compared to the currently available alternative methods. There is a great need for such reflex technologies to avoid interpretation errors. Conclusions: This method is an effective way to eliminate DARA interference in SPEP and sIFE, and can be easily implemented in any clinical laboratory without any patent restriction. This simple technique can be adopted for other t-mAbs using their respective ligands and will help to reduce additional doses of toxic treatment and further testing in patients on t-mAbs with a false positive M-protein spike.
Exploring the Tunability of Trimetallic MOF Nodes for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol.

Density functional theory is used to study the tunability of trigonal prismatic SBUs found in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) such as MIL-100, MIL-101, and PCN-250/MIL-127 of chemical composition M...
Minimal intraspecific aggression among tawny crazy ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida

Tawny crazy ants, Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), are an invasive species found in states along the Gulf Coast of the USA. Their large populations are aggressive and can displace ant species already present in the area. Because tawny crazy ants are not territorial toward their own species within a locality, it was hypothesized that they may exhibit unicoloniality in their invasive range. To test this hypothesis, tawny crazy ants from separate locations in Florida were confined in small, enclosed arenas, and their interactions were observed and documented using a rating scale of aggression behaviors. Carbohydrate consumption also can affect aggression in ants, so starved and non-starved ants were tested separately. For non-starved ants, the level of aggression between worker ants increased if they were from different locations, but this interaction rarely escalated to fighting. When starved ants from different locations were given access to sucrose solution, the ants would exhibit trophallaxis rather than fighting over the food source. Queens from different colonies would quickly nest together. Thus, intraspecific aggression was not evident among tawny crazy ants collected from widely separated locations in Florida. Resumen La hormiga loca rojiza, Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), es una especie invasora que se encuentra en los estados a lo largo de la costa del Golfo de los Estados Unidos. Sus grandes poblaciones son agresivas y pueden desplazar especies de hormigas ya presentes en el area. Debido a que las hormigas locas rojizas no son territoriales hacia sus propias especies dentro de una localidad, se planteo la hipotesis de que pueden exhibir unicolonialidad en su rango invasivo. Para probar esta hipotesis, las hormigas rojizas locas de lugares separados en Florida fueron confinadas en pequenos espacios cerrados, y sus interacciones se observaron y documentaron utilizando una escala de calificacion de los comportamientos de agresion. El consumo de carbohidratos tambien puede afectar la agresion en las hormigas, por lo que las hormigas con hambre y sin hambre se probaron por separado. Para las hormigas no hambrientas, el nivel de agresion entre las hormigas obreras aumentaba si eran de diferentes lugares, pero esta interaccion rara vez escalo a un combate. Cuando las hormigas hambrientas de diferentes lugares tenian acceso a la solucion de sacarosa, las hormigas exhibian trofalaxis en lugar de pelear por la fuente de alimento. Reinas de diferentes colonias anidarian juntas rapidamente. Por lo tanto, la agresion intraespecifica no era evidente entre las hormigas locas rojizas recolectadas de lugares extensamente separados de la Florida. Key Words: invasive ants; territoriality; competition; unicolonial; Nylanderia fulva View this article in BioOne
CT Saturation Error Correction Within Merging Units Using Dynamic State Estimation

Current transformer (CT) saturation errors can pose serious concerns for metering and protective relaying functions. Protective relays depend on the fidelity of Protection-Grade CT instrumentation channel outputs to perform reliably, and meters similarly rely on Metering-Grade CTs for accurate data. The paper presents a new online method for estimating the CT primary current using the Unconstrained Weighted-LeastSquares (UWLS) Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) algorithm. The method can potentially be implemented in real-time in the merging unit (MU). The MU can then broadcast the estimated primary current in a sample-by-sample format to networked devices. The CT primary current is among multiple state variables dynamically estimated using this method. The paper also presents a new and simple algorithm for near-instantaneous CT saturation detection, based on using the dynamically estimated flux linkage.
Which novel agents will have a clinically meaningful impact in AML at diagnosis

Abstract New drug approvals now afford AML physicians a wider choice of initial treatment options than ever before. Although chemotherapy for AML is by no means ready to be replaced entirely by novel agents, the role of traditional cytotoxics in in AML therapy is rapidly changing. In particular, biologically targeted agents such as the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax and inhibitors of FLT3 and IDH mutations stand out as drugs likely to take AML therapy in important new directions. Maximum response and survival benefits likely require combinations of novel agents and chemotherapy or multiple novel agents together. The recently-published phase 3 VIALE-A study demonstrates a very successful example of a new combination approach, which led to venetoclax plus azacitidine establishing itself as the new standard of care for patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. One could reasonably expect other subsets of AML to benefit from this regimen or other applications of venetoclax combinations. Building on this experience, venetoclax-based regimens also have the potential to replace standard intensive cytarabine/anthracycline “7&3” induction approach for some if not many patients who are fit for induction. This review will describe novel agents with the greatest potential for impactful frontline applications that will change the AML treatment paradigm.
A Novel Origin of Pteridivory among the New World Noctuoidea: Fern-Feeding “Litter Moths” (Erebidae: Herminiinae)

Surveys of the caterpillars of Area Conservacion de Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica, documented an array of litter moths (Erebidae: Herminiinae) feeding on ferns in at least 17 families. This represents the first documentation of extensive oligophagous fern-feeding among Herminiinae and possibly within New World Erebidae. Collectively, the taxonomic composition of foodplants of pteridivorous Herminiinae in ACG differs markedly from those of corresponding fern foodplants of sympatric Noctuidae: they are less concentrated in Polypodiales and tree ferns (Cyatheaceae) are among the primary foodplants of several herminiines. These have been recorded only rarely as foodplants of ACG noctuids. Pteridivorous herminiines also appear closely related to species variously recorded from dead leaves, algae, mosses (Bryophyta), spikemosses (Selaginaceae), palms (Arecaceae), and the exclusively New World family Cyclanthaceae. Feeding on monocots and mosses by caterpillars with pteridivorous congeners may even represent a more general pattern that is shared, for example, with certain sawflies (Tenthredinidae).
The Impact of Coastal–Highland Interactions and Population Movements on the Development and Collapse of Complex Societies in Nasca, Peru (AD 500–1450)

Coastal–highland relationships were important in the development, expansion, and collapse of ancient societies in Nasca, Peru. Connections between the regions began with the earliest occupants and extended through Inca rule; they consisted of the exchange of goods, sharing of ideas, migration, and political dominance. By the end of the Early Intermediate period (Late Nasca, AD 500–650), highland relationships intensified, and during the Middle Horizon (AD 650–1000), Nasca for the first time came under highland control as the Wari Empire brought transformations to the region. By the end of the Middle Horizon, Wari had collapsed, and much of the Nasca drainage was abandoned. People emigrated from the region, probably because of drought coupled with political and social instability. When Nasca was repopulated (ca. AD 1200) in the Late Intermediate period, a new type of society developed that was likely the result of large numbers of highland immigrants.
Systemic comorbidities of rosacea: practice gaps among dermatologists

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is associated with multiple systemic comorbidities, with the strongest evidence linking rosacea to hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and anxiety and depression. To assess dermatologists’ awareness of and screening practices for rosacea comorbidities, we developed a survey that was distributed to attendings and residents across four academic dermatology departments in Massachusetts. A total of 73 dermatologists with varying experience participated in the study. Findings demonstrated significant knowledge and practice gaps among academic dermatologists in managing systemic comorbidities in rosacea. In addition, dermatologists’ awareness of rosacea comorbidities was negatively correlated with number of years out of residency training, highlighting the need to address this knowledge gap through increased continuing medical education. Importantly, we observed a low screening frequency despite a high awareness of the association between rosacea and ocular comorbidities, suggesting that additional financial, institutional, or practice barriers likely contribute to the low screening rate.
Uniformity testing: Assessment of a centralized web-based uniformity analysis system

2133 Objectives Uniformity testing is performed daily to ensure adequate camera performance before clinical use. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of our locally built, centralized, web-based uniformity analysis system by examining the differences between manufacturer and web-based NEMA integral uniformity calculations measured in the useful field of view (UFOV) and the central field of view (CFOV). Methods Manufacturer and web-based integral uniformity calculations measured in the UFOV and the CFOV were recorded over a 30-day period for four cameras from three different manufacturers including Digirad, Philips and Siemens. This data was then statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The differences between the uniformity calculations were computed in addition to the means and the standard deviations of these differences for each head of each camera. Results There was a correlation between the manufacturer and web-based integral uniformity calculations in the UFOV and the CFOV over the 30-day period. The average differences between the manufacturer and web-based UFOV calculations ranged from -0.30 to 0.099, with standard deviations ranging from 0.092 to 0.32. For the CFOV calculations, the average differences ranged from -0.163 to 0.055, with standard deviations ranging from 0.074 to 0.24. Conclusions The majority of the uniformity calculations computed by our centralized web-based uniformity analysis system are comparable to the manufacturers’ calculations, suggesting that this system is reasonably reliable and effective. This is important because centralized web-based uniformity analysis systems are advantageous in that they test camera performance in the same manner regardless of the manufacturer
Composite layup monitoring using structured light

The making of composite parts involves laying down multiple layers of tape in an organized manner. Misplaced ends, wrinkles or other factors can cause the part being built to have weaknesses or other imperfections. However, the actual edges of the tape do not stand out well with each layer reacting differently to lighting. The fiber nature of the tape will make the surface appear bright in some orientations and very dark in other. To complicate the problem, each layer of tape needs to be laid down at different angles, so can be dark, light or in-between, and at positions to fairly tight tolerances. This paper presents a study of several methods for determining the tape position and flaws, as well as details of a structured light method for determining the tape position. Considerations of tolerances, experimental results and how such a system might be implemented will be presented.
Spatial and Temporal Changes in Subtidal Benthic Crustaceans Along a Coastal River-Estuarine Gradient in Mississippi

Benthic crustaceans were collected monthly between 24 August 1985 and 20 September 1986 from tidal freshwater (TFW), oligohaline (OH) and mesohaline (h4H) sites in Old Fort Bayou, a black-water tidal river of the Biloxi Bay estuary, Mississippi. Salinity varied seasonally and spatially and was primarily related to variations in rainfall during this study. Reduced rainfall after October 1985 resulted in the upstream movement of saline water and a concommitant shift in benthic crustaceans upstream with this change in the physical-chemical environment. This shift is supported by a significant positive concordance of ranks between salinity and relative abundance of Gammarus sp. A (Kendall's tau-c = 0.458 and Spearman's rs = 0.704, p<0.007) and G. mucromatus (Kendall's tau-c = 0.497 and Spearman's r, = 0.701, p <0.007) at TFW indicating that when salinity became high, so did the relative abundance of these two species in TFW. No specimens of either species were collected at this site during the same months in 1985. There was no relationship between salinity and relative abundance of G. bonnieroides (Kendall's tau-c = 0.201 and Spearman's rs = 0.381, p = 199) in the TFW site. At the OH site, there was a marginally significant concordance (Kendall's tau+ = 0.432 and Spearman's rp = 0.545, p = .053) between salinity and relative abundance of G. bonnieroides but not for the other two species. Riverine estuarines are by nature dynamic in their physicalchemical environment. Such variation influences macrobenthic distribution which has important trophic implications because these organisms form a large portion of the food base for higher trophic levels, such as fishes.
Convergence of Sequences of Distribution Functions

There were examples in lesson 6 demonstrating that a sequence of probability distribution functions need not converge to a probability distribution function. Here we will introduce notation and techniques to enable us to discuss this phenomenon more thoroughly..
Effect of Oxygen on Heme and Porphyrin Accumulation from δ-Aminolevulinic Acid by Suspensions of Anaerobically Grown Staphylococcus epidermidis

The effect of various conditions on the accumulation of porphyrins and heme by resting suspensions of anaerobically grown cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis was examined. Anaerobically grown cells contain 10 to 15% of the amount of protoheme found in cells grown aerobically. Resting suspensions of anaerobically grown cells, when incubated aerobically in buffer with delta-aminolevulinic acid and glucose for 60 min, exhibited a fourfold increase in protoheme content. At high levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid, there was also a significant accumulation of porphyrins with the solubility and chromatographic properties of coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin. Protoporphyrin was not accumulated. When oxygen was excluded from the incubation mixture, accumulation of protoheme was prevented, but accumulation of coproporphyrin and total porphyrin was enhanced. Nitrate served as an electon acceptor as indicated by its reduction to nitrite; however, nitrate did not substitute for oxygen in causing the accumulation of protoheme. These results suggested that oxygen is required for one of the late steps of heme synthesis in S. epidermidis, possibly for the conversion of coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin. The inability of nitrate to substitute for oxygen suggests a role for molecular oxygen as a substrate rather than as an electron acceptor for heme synthesis.
Intelligence analysis using high resolution displays

Intelligence analysis is a difficult task that involves mining complex datasets for clues. Distinguishing between evidence of suspicious activity and background noise is complicated, as is making connections between events, people, and other evidence. While algorithms to parse, extract, and make connections between data are important to this field, at some point the data must be interpreted by human users. Information visualization allows people to employ their innate visual strengths to gain insights about data and is necessary to effectively understand both raw data and the filtered output of algorithms.
Salvage cytology: A new alternative fiberoptic technique

The fiberoptic gastrointestinal endoscope is often used to obtain directed biopsies of mucosal abnormalities. Although tissue biopsies and photography are regularly performed, cytology specimens are not always gathered, and the failure to do so must decrease overall diagnostic accuracy. We present a new technique by which cytology specimens are acquired by aspiration of the channel through which the biopsy forceps have been withdrawn. The method allows recovery of material that may have been clinging to the outside of the biopsy forceps and dislodged within the endoscope. The new technique is rapid and does not require the use of a cytology brush. The combination of forceps biopsy and salvage cytology yielded the correct diagnosis in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer.
Nonparametric regression with missing data

Optimal estimation of a regression function, when either the response or the predictor may be missed at random, is considered. Missing at random MAR means that the conditional probability of missing, given response and predictor, does not depend on a variable whose values may be missed. Mean integrated squared error MISE is the used statistical criteria, and a nonparametric approach implies that no assumption about shape of the regression function is made. It is shown that optimal estimation depends on which variable, the response or the predictor, is missed. For a setting with missed responses, optimal estimation is based only on complete cases of observations and incomplete ones can be ignored. For a setting with missed predictors, optimal estimation is based on all cases, both complete and incomplete, and the procedure includes estimation of the conditional probability of missing the predictor given the response. Proposed estimators are completely data-driven, do not involve imputation of missing values, and adapt to missing mechanism and smoothness of an estimated regression function. Theoretical results are complemented by the analysis of a credit score survey data. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:265-275. doi: 10.1002/wics.1303
Interconnection failures in circuit assemblies

Examples of interconnection failures in circuit assemblies are reviewed. These interconnection failures are examples of corrosion and fraction of the metal circuit conductors. Failure mechanisms are described and modifications in design, process, or materials to eliminate the failure are provided, for each case study. In general, the failures examined are microscopic manifestations of familiar macroscopic corrosion and fraction mechanisms. The case studies of corrosion and fracture are described separately. >
Metal matrix composite materials

The potential of metal matrix composites is discussed, after an introduction to the underlying principles of fibre reinforcement. The unique properties of composite materials, specifically high strength and modulus to weight are discussed. The advantages of metal matrix composites over other types of composite materials and competing homogenous materials are presented. Metal matrix composites are seen to be superior in many areas, but most specifically in severe environments of temperature, vacuum and stress. A brief review of the present status of the micromechanical theory of composite behaviour illustrates the relatively primitative stage of its development. The reinforcing fibres available for the construction of composites are presented. The difficulties of testing and characterising these materials are considered in conjunction with some results of these characterisation efforts. The controlling nature of the internal interfaces in a composite material is discussed. The actual interfaces which have been found and the factors controlling these in boron filament metal matrix systems are presented. The areas in which further development is necessary are specified and the need for a "vertical interdisciplinary" approach to their investigation presented.