cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negative S- contrast with minimally contingent large reward as a function of trial initiation procedure

Three groups of 12 rats received acquisition trials in an alley to a one-pellet reward (G-) followed by extinction trials. Acquisition trials were interspersed with other, “G+,” reward trials in which Ss were placed on a feeding surface holding 12 pellets (Groups S12 and C12) or one pellet (Group S1). On G+ trials, Group C12 Ss were taken directly to the feeding surface from their home cages, whereas Group S12 and S1 Ss were placed into the alley startbox and then removed to the feeding surface. Group S12, but not C12, displayed a strong depression of response speed in S-during acquisition. All three groups differed in start speeds by the end of extinction with C12 the fastest and S12 the slowest.
Unplanned Reintubation Following Cardiac Surgery: Incidence, Timing, Risk Factors, and Outcomes

Objectives To determine the incidence, timing, risk factors for, and outcomes after unplanned reintubation following cardiac surgery in adults. Design Retrospective analysis of admission data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Database, 2007-2013, inclusive. Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors and outcomes. Participants A total of 18,571 patients, over 18 years of age, undergoing cardiac surgery. Interventions Not applicable. Measurements and Main Results Reintubation incidence was 4.0%. Risk factors included older age, preoperative partial or total dependence, dyspnea at rest or on exertion, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous cardiac surgery, congestive heart failure, emergency surgery, longer duration of surgery, and mitral and tricuspid valve surgery. Patients requiring reintubation after surgery had 7.5 times higher mortality (21.9% v 2.9%), longer hospital admissions (22.2 v 7.8 days), and were less likely to be discharged home within 30 days (35% v 80%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated increased risk of failure to wean from the ventilator, pneumonia, sepsis, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and discharge to skilled care, rehabilitation, or other care. Conclusions Patients reintubated after cardiac surgery had significantly higher mortality, complication rates, and length of stay. Novel risk factors identified could be used to tailor extubation timing and strategy appropriately. Compared to noncardiac surgery, some risk factors for reintubation differed and risk continued beyond the immediate postoperative period to a greater degree.
Reduction in Human Bladder Wall Compliance Following Decentralization

The urodynamic records of patients who presented with voiding symptoms and/or incontinence, and who had areflexia after conal-cauda equina injury (33) or a radical pelvic operation (31) were examined. In contrast to reported experimental and clinical evidence, we found a higher prevalence of decreased compliance in the patients who had undergone a radical pelvic operation than in those who had sustained conal-cauda equina injury.
Expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor by cultured endothelial cells in response to inflammatory mediators.

We recently proposed that endothelium may represent the primary physiologic site of synthesis of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). In support of this conclusion, we have now found that the poly(A)+ RNAs obtained from rabbit and bovine lung tissues contain abundant amounts of TFPI messenger RNAs (mRNAs), whereas the poly(A)+ RNAs obtained from the liver of these animals contain less than 5% of that found in the lung tissues. Because inflammatory mediators are known to upregulate tissue factor (TF) expression by the endothelium, we have examined the effect of these agents on the TFPI expression by the cultured endothelial cells. When cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated (in 10% fetal bovine serum) with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), endotoxin, interleukin-1, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha, the TF mRNA increased approximately 7- to 10- fold within 2 to 4 hours. Unstimulated cells constitutively expressed TFPI mRNA and its levels either did not change or increased slightly (up to 1.5-fold) upon stimulation with these inflammatory agents. TF mRNA abruptly declined to a negligible level and the TFPI mRNA returned essentially to the basal level at approximately 24 hours. The membrane- bound TF clotting activity of induced cells peaked between 4 and 8 hours, and finally declined. The cumulative TFPI activity secreted into the media was either unchanged or slightly higher in the induced cell cultures as compared with that present in the noninduced cultures. Endothelial cells were also cultured in 10% heat-inactivated human serum derived from plasma or whole blood. TFPI secreted into the media containing whole blood serum was consistently higher (approximately 1.5- fold at 8 hours) than that secreted into the media supplemented with serum obtained from plasma lacking the formed elements; these cells also expressed similarly increased levels of TFPI mRNA. Moreover, PMA- stimulated cells cultured in whole blood serum expressed modestly increased levels of TFPI mRNA (approximately 1.5-fold); supernatants from these cells also contained similarly increased TFPI activity. Cumulatively, our data indicate that, unlike thrombomodulin and fibrinolytic enzymes synthesized by the endothelial cells, TFPI synthesis is not downregulated and may be slightly upregulated during an inflammatory response. Inspection of the 5′ flanking region of the TFPI gene showed a conserved GATA-binding motif located approximately 400 bp upstream of the proposed transcription initiation site(s). This motif by binding to the GATA-2 transcriptional factor may keep the endothelium in an ‘on’ state for constitutive expression of TFPI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Problems after restorative proctocolectomy: assessment and therapy.

Purpose of reviewRestorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the surgical treatment of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis who require colectomy. Although the surgical procedure significantly improves the patients’ quality of life, compl
Non-IgE-mediated food allergy syndromes.

In contrast to IgE-mediated food allergies, diagnosis of the various non-IgE mediated food allergy syndromes can be challenging due to the overall lack of noninvasive confirmatory testing for these disorders. Many of the non-IgE food allergy syndromes are are diagnosed clinically, based on history and managed empirically with food avoidance. Therefore, it is essential for the practicing allergist to be familiar with the myriad presentations of non-IgE mediated food allergy. This review focuses on the presentation and management of the non-IgE mediated food allergy syndromes.
Constitutive Laws, Boundary Conditions, and Displacements

The constitutive law or stress-strain relationship is the third basic component of the elasticity problem. This subject is quite broad, but the detailed examination of various alternatives that are dependent on the characteristics of particular engineering materials is not properly within the scope of this book. Rather, it remains within the purview of the theory of elasticity, since we may accommodate a variety of material laws within our formulation of the shell or plate problem. Initially, we use the basic Hooke’s law for isotropic materials, and then we illustrate how some extended material laws can be accommodated.
The Incredible Heart of Mr. B

Mr. B had his own agenda for our conversation. I asked him about his shortness of breath. Instead, he told me stories about his favorite dog.
Short communication: Verifying Holstein heifer heart girth to body weight prediction equations

The estimation of Holstein heifer body weight (BW) from heart girth measurements is needed, as many farms do not have animal scales to make the management decisions that require BW. The correlation between heart girth and BW is known to vary with differing animal conformation. The previous equation to correlate the 2 measures for Holstein dairy heifers was done 25 yr ago. Data were derived from 6 US experiment stations that are part of Regional Research Project NC-2042: Management Systems to Improve the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Dairy Enterprises. After deriving a new equation from a data set of observations and using a second validation data set, it was determined that the equation developed in 1992 was still valid and further equation development was not needed at this time.
Crossing Borders and Criminalizing Identity: The Disintegrated Subjects of Administrative Sanctions

This paper draws on in-depth, qualitative interviews that examine individual experiences in two different legal contexts: deportation regimes and supermax prisons. Through putting these contexts and experiences into dialogue, we identify common legal processes of punishment experiences across both contexts. Specifically, the U.S. legal system re-labels immigrants (as deportable noncitizens) and supermax prisoners (as dangerous gang offenders). This re-labeling begins a process of othering, which ends in categorical exclusions for both immigrants and supermax prisoners. As individuals experience this categorical exclusion, they cross multiple borders and boundaries—often against their will—moving from prison to detention center to other countries beyond the U.S. border, and from isolation to prison to “free” society. In both cases, the state action that subjects experience as punishment is civil and, therefore, nominally not punitive. Ultimately, excluded individuals find themselves in a space of legal nonexistence. By examining these common processes and experiences, we argue that a new kind of subject is revealed: a disintegrating subject (as opposed to a juridical or disciplinary subject) whose exclusion reinforces the power of the state.
Creation and Evaluation of a Laboratory Administration Curriculum for Pathology Residents.

Objectives A clinical laboratory management (CLM) curriculum that can objectively assess the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education pathology systems-based practice milestones and can provide consistent resident training across institutions is needed. Methods Faculty at Emory University created a curriculum that consists of assay verification exercises and interactive, case-based online modules. Beta testing was done at Emory University and Johns Hopkins. Residents were required to obtain a score of more than 80% in the online modules to achieve levels 3 to 4 in the milestones. In addition, residents shadowed a laboratory director, performed an inspection of a laboratory section, and completed training in human subjects research and test utilization. Results Fourteen residents took and evaluated the laboratory administration curriculum. The printed certificates from the modules were used for objective faculty evaluation of mastery of concepts. Of all the activities the residents performed during the rotation, the online modules were ranked most helpful by all residents. A 25-question knowledge assessment was performed before and after the rotation and showed an average increase of 8 points (P = .0001). Conclusions The multimodal CLM training described here is an easily adoptable, objective system for teaching CLM. It was well liked by residents and provided an objective measurement of mastery of concepts for faculty.
Bacteriophages as an alternative to conventional antibiotic use for the prevention or treatment of Paenibacillus larvae in honeybee hives

Abstract American Foulbrood (AFB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria, Paenibacillus larvae. P. larvae phages were isolated and tested to determine each phages’ host range amongst 59 field isolate strains of P. larvae. Three phages were selected to create a phage cocktail for the treatment of AFB infections according to the combined phages’ ability to lyse all tested strains of bacteria. Studies were performed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the phage cocktail treatment as a replacement for traditional antibiotics for the prevention of AFB and the treatment of active infections. Safety verification studies confirmed that the phage cocktail did not adversely affect the rate of bee death even when administered as an overdose. In a comparative study of healthy hives, traditional prophylactic antibiotic treatment experienced a 38 ± 0.7% decrease in overall hive health, which was statistically lower than hive health observed in control hives. Hives treated with phage cocktail decreased 19 ± 0.8%, which was not statistically different than control hives, which decreased by 10 ± 1.0%. In a study of beehives at-risk for a natural infection, 100 ± 0.5% of phage-treated hives were protected from AFB infection, while 80 ± 0.5% of untreated controls became infected. AFB infected hives began with an average Hitchcock score of 2.25 out of 4 and 100 ± 0.5% of the hives recovered completely within two weeks of treatment with phage cocktail. While the n numbers for the latter two studies are small, the results for both the phage protection rate and the phage cure rate were statistically significant (α = 0.05). These studies demonstrate the powerful potential of using a phage cocktail against AFB and establish phage therapy as a feasible treatment.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING INSTRUMENT BY USING REALISTIC SETTING COOPERATIVE STAD TYPE FOR BASIC COMPETENCE OF FRACTION NUMBER

This is a Research and Development aimed at developing the learning instrument,The instrument development employed in this research referred to 4-D Thiagarajan model, which consisted of defining stage, designing stage, development stage, and desseminating stage. On the defining and the designing stages, they produce pre-designing of learning instrument (prototype-1). Then, the validation was conducted toward the prototype-1 by the expert and the practitioner on the development stage. The results of validation were then used as an input to revise the prototype-1 to prototype-2. The prototype-2 was tested in Class VII 1 of SMP Negeri 6 Watampone on 2008/2009 academic year. The observation on teacher`s ability in organizing the learning process in the experiment activity was on high category, students` activity and students`cooperative skill component were on the ideal time limit which has been defined in lesson plan, 95.80% of students gave positive response on the learning instrument, and 87.50% of students was in complete category on their learning result, with the result that the instrument fulfill the the effective criteria. Morever, observation on instrument implementation was on the category of fully implemented, so that it fulfill the praticability criteria. The prototype-2 has fulfilled the criteria of validity, effectivity, and practicality to become prototype-3. On the desseminating stage, socialization of prototype-3 was done to mathematics teachers of Junior High School in Watampone and the result will become the final prototype. The result of learning instrument development in this research are valid, practical, and effective lesson plan, student`s book and student`s worksheet
Mechanisms by Which Dietary Fatty Acids Regulate Mitochondrial Structure-Function in Health and Disease

Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles within a cell. Furthermore, mitochondria have a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper calcium concentrations, building critical components of hormones and other signaling molecules, and controlling apoptosis. Structurally, mitochondria are unique because they have 2 membranes that allow for compartmentalization. The composition and molecular organization of these membranes are crucial to the maintenance and function of mitochondria. In this review, we first present a general overview of mitochondrial membrane biochemistry and biophysics followed by the role of different dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in modulating mitochondrial membrane structure-function. We focus extensively on long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and their underlying mechanisms of action. Finally, we discuss implications of understanding molecular mechanisms by which dietary n-3 fatty acids target mitochondrial structure-function in metabolic diseases such as obesity, cardiac-ischemia reperfusion injury, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and select cancers.
Interaction of localised packets of vorticity with turbulence

The evolution of initially weak structures of vorticity as they evolve in an incompressible turbulent flow is investigated. Such objects are candidates for important structures in the inertial range and in the dissipation range of scales. As these structures are strained by the flow, fine-scales of vorticity are produced along the direction of maximum compression with a consequent flow of energy to the high wavenumbers. It is shown that, under certain circumstances, the self-energy spectrum of such a structure may be time-averaged, producing a fractional power law. The exponent of the power law depends on the ratio of the first two Lyapunov exponents of the strain tensor.
Serum Concentrations of Vitamin B12 in Patients Suffering from Leukemia

1. Vitamin B12 serum concentrations have been investigated in various types Of leukemia. 2. The concentration in chronic myeloid leukemia is approximately 15 times normal. In chronic lymphatic leukemia it is normal. In acute leukemia it is variable. 3. In chronic myeloid leukemia, the serum vitamim B12 exists in the bound form and the binding capacity for added B12 is increased. 4. Electrophoretic studies indicate that serum vitamims B12 in chronic myeloid leukemia is bound in the alpha globulin fractions. 5. Some correlation was found between serum vitamin B12 concentrations and total white cell counts in chronic myeloid leukemia. The possible significance of this is discussed.
Key Regulatory Aspects of Transfer of F-Related Plasmids

Current experiments designed to increase our understanding of the biochemistry of conjugation, as well as earlier experiments that mapped the transfer genes of the F sex factor, owe much of their design to the fact that transfer of the F sex factor is unregulated. Unregulated expression of transfer occurs because one of the critical regulatory genes of the transfer operon, the finO gene, was inactivated by the insertion of an IS3 sequence some time before F became a subject of study (6, 60). The existence of the moderately complex regulatory system in F transfer, to which this finO gene belongs, was first discovered by analysis of transfer of antibiotic resistance factors related to F (12, 54). In a series of elegant and insightful studies initially in the laboratory of Meynell (36, 37) and then in the laboratories of Anderson (la, 23, 46) and of Willetts (17–19), the basic control system for both F and related R factors such as R100 (also known as R222, NR1) was established several years ago. The final model proposed by Willetts (55) has stood against all challenges and is now generally accepted. A biological consequence of the “FinO-P” control system, as the model is now frequently called, is the subject of this chapter.
The Role of Sleep Quality in Associations between Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms

Peer victimization is strongly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms; however, not all victimized youth experience these internalizing symptoms. Accordingly, factors that contribute to these associations need to be examined. The current study examined the potential moderating role of sleep in the associations between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms in a middle childhood sample, as this developmental stage marks a period when children are at increased risk for both poor quality sleep and peer victimization. Participants were 293 elementary school children (51.5% female, 8–12 years old). Children self-reported on sleep quality, two forms of peer victimization (i.e., relational and overt), and anxiety and depression symptoms. Results indicated that sleep quality was negatively correlated with both depressive and anxious symptoms as well as both forms of victimization. Additionally, both forms of victimization were positively correlated with depressive and anxious symptoms. Moreover, poor sleep quality was found to exacerbate the link between relational victimization and depressive symptoms during middle childhood. Findings have implications for targeting sleep with victimized youth to prevent depressive symptoms.
Abstract WP83: Sex Differential in 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Levels in the Lumen of Human Intracranial Aneurysms

Background: Aspirin is a promising medical therapy for the prevention of intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. Recently, we found that men have a better response to aspirin than women. The purpose of...
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis from a Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic foot infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and successful treatment often requires an aggressive and prolonged approach. Recent work has elucidated the importance of appropriate therapy for a given severity of diabetic foot infection, and highlighted the ongoing risk such patients have for subsequent invasive life-threatening infection should diabetic foot ulcers fail to heal. The authors describe the case of a man with diabetes who had prolonged, delayed healing of a diabetic foot ulcer. The ulcer subsequently became infected by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The infection was treated conservatively with oral therapy and minimal debridement. Several months later, he experienced MRSA bloodstream infection and complicating endocarditis. The case highlights the ongoing risk faced by patients when diabetic foot ulcers do not heal promptly, and emphasizes the need for aggressive therapy to promote rapid healing and eradication of MRSA.
Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and crime examined through trauma experiences among young adults in the United States

Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and trauma, have significant impact on delinquency and crime outcomes; though the reasons for some expected and unexpected crime pathways are still unanswered. U...
Novelization in Decolonization, or, Postcolonialism Reconsidered

This chapter considers the role of fiction in continuing the work of decolonization. It problematizes this relationship in several ways by, for instance, invoking the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin on the concept of novelization, examining Edward Said’s critique of orientalism, and rethinking the tensions between postcolonialism and globalization as currently construed. The fate of the nation, nationhood, and nationalism is a significant subtext of the analysis and is particularly informative regarding the literary examples provided: Giannina Braschi’s (United States of Banana. Amazon Crossing, Las Vegas, 2011) and Susan Abulhawa’s (Mornings in Jenin. Bloomsbury, New York, 2006). These novels do not exemplify a solution to the dilemmas of the state that decolonization faces, but they do accentuate the role of imagination in such struggle and the ways it may be inscribed.
Supervision in Mathematics.

and effort on the part of educators in recent years. Although a variety of instruments exists, they generally measure the quantity of verbal interaction without due regard for its quality. Where quality is taken into account, the instrument tends to become cumbersome to use, and its results difficult to interpret. Furthermore, supervisors who use these instruments report that in many cases the results seemingly bear no correlation with an intuitive, common-sense judgment of the interaction observed. Because of these obvious shortcomings, supervisors often observe classroom teaching and limit their reactions to a few general, evaluative comments. Although in some cases such an evaluation may be entirely adequate, both the observer and the observed might feel more comfortable in considering alternatives if some general framework were used to aid in bringing objectives, methods, and materials into focus. The instrument presented in figure 1 was developed to serve as a basis for evaluating learning as demonstrated by student reaction to teacherplanned mathematics experiences in the classroom.
Live Streaming, Playing, and Money Spending Behaviors in eSports:

Live streaming has enabled eSports to become more accessible, ranging from professionally organized tournaments to individuals hosting from their bedroom. While different aspects of eSports have be...
The Problem Is Not Populism, but the Failure of Liberal Democracy: Comments on Schmitter's Essay

A comment on Philippe Schmitter's Essay "The Vices and Virtues of 'Populisms'" ( Sociologica , 13 (1), 2019)
Hauspreise und Inflation

Steigende Immobilienpreise fuhren zu steigenden Einzelhandelspreisen und zu einer Umverteilung zulasten von Mietern, selbst wenn eine Mietpreisbremse wirkt.
Clinical manifestations leading to a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report

Background In the United States, of the approximately 1.1 million people age 13 years and older living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, an estimated 162,500 remain undiagnosed. Numerous clinical manifestations of HIV infection have been reported, but these have declined in prevalence since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Here, we present a case of a previously undiagnosed patient presenting with multiple supportive clinical manifestations that led to a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. Case Summary A 22-year-old male was referred to the Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, with the chief complaint of a 6-month history of painful gingivae. Intraoral examination revealed ulcerated, hemorrhagic, and necrotic gingivae, with blunted papillae, associated bone loss, and fetid odor consistent with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP). Extraoral examination revealed fingernail hyperpigmentation, cervical lymphadenopathy, and multiple smooth-surfaced, sessile, umbilicated papules of the mid-face area, suggestive of molluscum contagiosum. Biopsy of the skin lesions and histopathology confirmed the clinical impression. Despite the patient's denial of high-risk behaviors, undiagnosed HIV infection was suspected, given the combination of extra- and intraoral manifestations. The patient was prescribed chlorhexidine, metronidazole, and penicillin for NUP and advised to present to his physician the same day for HIV testing. At follow-up, intraoral examination revealed pseudomembranous candidiasis and resolving NUP lesions. When presented with the suggestive clinical findings and upon further questioning regarding his sexual history, the patient reported unprotected sexual intercourse with an HIV-positive partner 2 years earlier. Consequently, the patient was referred for rapid HIV testing at a local infectious diseases clinic, and the results came back positive for HIV infection. Conclusions This case demonstrates some of the various intraoral and extraoral presentations of HIV infection, including NUP, fingernail hyperpigmentation, cervical lymphadenopathy, molluscum contagiosum, and pseudomembranous candidiasis. Although the patient's chief complaint was painful gingivae, the presence of other lesions led to a suspected, and later confirmed, diagnosis of HIV infection. Therefore, it is important that clinicians know the various manifestations of HIV infection, especially in patients who are undiagnosed. The possibility of undiagnosed HIV infection should be suspected, and a referral for appropriate testing should be made.
Brain Structural and Functional Imaging Findings in Medication-Overuse Headache

This chapter overviews research neuroimaging findings of patients with medication-overuse headache (MOH). Results indicate; (i) correlations between neuropathology and medication-overuse; (ii) changes in brain morphology and cortical function; and (iii) brain recovery subsequent to withdrawal of medication that was overused. Results of this narrative review indicate exacerbated brain structural and functional changes in regions of the pain-matrix and in regions of the mesocortical-limbic circuit in patients with MOH compared to patients with migraine or compared to healthy controls. Modification of brain morphology as well as an association between brain recovery and medication withdrawal suggest that the MOH disease process involves state (brain modification) and trait-like (brain adaptation and recovery) neuromechanisms.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate directly interacts with the β and γ subunits of the sodium channel ENaC

The plasma membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) regulates the activity of diverse ion channels to include the epithelial Na+ channel ENaC. Whether PIP2 regulation of ENaC is due to a direct phospholipid-protein interaction, remains obscure. To date, possible interaction of PIP2 with ENaC primarily has been tested indirectly through assays of channel function. A fragment-based biochemical analysis approach is used here to directly quantify possible PIP2-ENaC interactions. We find using the CIBN-CRY2 optogenetic dimerization system that the phosphoryl group positioned at carbon 5 of PIP2 is necessary for interaction with ENaC. Previous studies have implicated conserved basic residues in the cytosolic portions of β- and γ-ENaC subunits as being important for PIP2-ENaC interactions. To test this, we used synthetic peptides of these regions of β- and γ-ENaC. Steady-state intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that phosphoinositides change the local conformation of the N terminus of β-ENaC, and two sites of γ-ENaC adjacent to the plasma membrane, suggesting direct interactions of PIP2 with these three regions. Microscale thermophoresis elaborated PIP2 interactions with the N termini of β- (Kd ∼5.2 μm) and γ-ENaC (Kd ∼13 μm). A weaker interaction site within the carboxyl terminus of γ-ENaC (Kd ∼800 μm) was also observed. These results support that PIP2 regulates ENaC activity by directly interacting with at least three distinct regions within the cytoplasmic domains of the channel that contain conserved basic residues. These interactions are probably electrostatic in nature, and are likely to bear a key structural role in support of channel activity.
Multi-Modal Physiological Data Fusion for Affect Estimation Using Deep Learning

Automated momentary estimation of positive and negative affects (PA and NA), the basic sense of feeling, can play an essential role in detecting the early signs of mood disorders. Physiological wearable sensors and machine learning have a potential to make such automated and continuous measurements. However, the physiological signals’ features that are associated with the subject-reported PA or NA may not be known. In this work, we use data-driven feature extraction based on deep learning to investigate the application of raw physiological signals for estimating PA and NA. Specifically, we propose two multi-modal data fusion methods with deep Convolutional Neural Networks. We use the proposed architecture to estimate PA and NA and also classify baseline, stress, and amusement emotions. The training and evaluation of the methods are performed using four physiological and one chest motion signal modalities collected using a chest sensing unit from 15 subjects. Overall, our proposed model performed better than traditional machine learning on hand-crafted features. Utilizing only two modalities, our proposed model estimated PA with a correlation of 0.69 ( ${p} ) vs. 0.59 ( ${p} ) with traditional machine learning. These correlations were 0.79 ( ${p} ) vs. 0.73 ( ${p} ) for NA estimation. The best emotion classification was achieved by the traditional method with 79% F1-score and 80% accuracy when all the four physiological modalities are used. This is while with only two modalities, the deep learning achieved 78% F1-score and 79% accuracy.
Carotid Disease Management: Surgery, Stenting, or Medication

Internal carotid artery stenosis accounts for about 7-10 % of ischemic strokes. Conventional risk factors such as aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking increase the risk for carotid atherosclerosis. All patients with carotid stenosis should receive aggressive medical therapy. Carotid revascularization with either endarterectomy or stenting can benefit select patients with severe stenosis. New clinical trials will examine the contemporary role of carotid revascularization relative to optimal medical therapy.
Gender, Entrepreneurship, and Firm Performance: Recent Research and Considerations of Context

Conventional wisdom asserts that women-owned firms underperform firms owned by men. Studies reveal, however, that women and men do not differ in measures of firm survival or profitability when we control for factors such as industry, firm size, and firm age. Gender differences persist, however, in measures of firm size and growth. Recent research suggests that this continued discrepancy is due to gender differences in resource attributes combined with differences in motivations, goals, and attitudes. Thus, the performance of women-owned firms needs to be viewed within the context of the goals and objectives that women establish for their firms as well as where they are in their life cycle.
Precursor molecules of transfer ribonucleic acids in Escherichia coli.

Abstract The accumulation and a method of isolation of a population of precursor tRNAs from Escherichia coli χ402 treated with chloramphenicol or starved for methionine are described. Two groups of precursor tRNAs, designated α and β, were separated by gel filtration. They differ significantly in size and structure. Although both species, when treated with crude "maturation" enzymes, yield tRNAs, the longer precursors (α, about 200 nucleotides long), which are apparently less stable, are transformed into RNAs with the same size as β (about 120 nucleotides) and tRNAs. That these two groups of RNAs are indeed precursor tRNAs is proven by the facts that the precursor tRNA peaks, isolated by reversed phase chromatography, disappeared with time and showed sequence homology to tRNAs by competitive hybridization. Whether the longer species (α) are the direct primary transcripts of DNA and contain more than one tRNA sequence is not certain at present.
Serum amyloid A concentration in healthy periparturient mares and mares with ascending placentitis

SummaryReasons for performing study Placentitis is a prevalent cause of abortion, premature delivery and neonatal death in mares. Early diagnosis is paramount for the survival of the fetus and delivery of a live foal. Objectives To determine: 1) Serum amyloid A (SAA) profile in healthy mares during late gestation; 2) if placentitis affects SAA concentrations and 3) the effects of therapy on SAA concentrations and pregnancy outcome in mares with placentitis. Methods In Experiment I, 15 healthy pregnant mares were evaluated from 280 days of gestation to 60 h post partum. In Experiment II, pregnant mares were inoculated intra-cervically with Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Day 280–295) and assigned to control (n = 5) and treatment (n = 9) groups. Treatment was initiated at the onset of clinical signs. Serum amyloid A concentrations were determined prior to inoculation and then weekly until abortion or delivery. Results Serum amyloid A remained at low concentrations (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2–8.1 mg/l) during late gestation followed by a significant increase within 36 h post partum; SAA returned to basal concentrations by 60 h post partum. In Experiment II, SAA significantly increased within 96 ± 56 h of inoculation in control mares followed by abortion. Therapy was effective (P<0.05) in preventing the rise in SAA in 66% (6/9) of mares and only one out of 3 mares with increased SAA aborted. Overall, the incidence of abortion was higher in mares with increased SAA concentrations (75%; 6/8) compared with mares in which SAA remained at baseline concentrations (0/6). Conclusions Mares with placentitis had significant increased SAA within 96 h post inoculation and concentrations remained increased until abortion in untreated mares. Successful treatment either prevented the rise of SAA concentration or decreased its concentration to baseline concentrations, followed by delivery of a live foal. Potential relevance Serum amyloid A may be used as a prognostic indicator in cases of ascending placentitis in the mare.
Revisión de la aloe vera (Barbadensis Miller) en la dermatología actual

El Aloe vera es una planta de uso popular en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades de la piel y de aplicacion frecuente en la cosmetologia. Forma parte de diversas cremas o geles, siendo usado como antiinflamatorio y reconstituyente del tejido epitelial. Aunque se conocen varios mecanismos de accion e indicaciones clinicas, se debe realizar una revision de las mismas para su uso, avalados por ensayos controlados para determinar su eficacia real.
Slow Boiling the Economic Frog: A Historical Perspective on Offshoring

The “Theory of Comparative Advantage” has been used to justify international trade and offshoring. However, the theory is predicated on the immobility of factors of production, and that no longer is the case. The world-wide fiber optic network creates a superhighway to all the workforces of the world for all jobs or parts of jobs that can be digitized. While consumers, some investors, and some executives profit from offshoring, many jobs, especially manufacturing, are lost, and they will not be replaced by high tech jobs created by an innovative and flexible economy. Hence, recommendations have been advanced to create greater import/export parity, even if it means higher prices and more inflation.
Are women less career centric than men? Structure, culture, and identity investments

Some work/family scholars assume that gender differences in career centrality (i.e. the importance of career to one's identity) are a result of differential job characteristics and family demands; others trace these differences to pre-existing cultural orientations. Using the 2010 Generations of Talent data from 9210 employees working in 11 countries for 7 multinational companies, this study verifies the existence of gender differences in career centrality and explores structural and cultural explanations. Gender disparities in career centrality are modest, indicating that women's and men's identification with careers is more similar than is commonly asserted; the most pronounced (but still relatively small) disparities are observed in Japan and China. A large portion of the gender gap is explained by job characteristics, supporting structural explanations. Family demands contribute to explaining the gap as well, but the findings are unexpected: having minor children is associated with higher career centr...
A chip compiler for rate-optimal multiprocessor schedules

Discusses an integrated circuit chip compiler which is composed of three components: an optimal cyclo-static scheduler, a circuit generator, and the LAGER system. The chip compiler takes an algorithm described by a fully specified flow graph as input, and generates as output a complete integrated circuit chip set which realizes an optimal cyclo-static multiprocessor implementation of the input graph. The cyclo-static scheduler and the LAGER system are preexisting tools. To complete the chip compiler, the authors describe the circuit generator. The major role of the circuit generator is to bridge the gap between the cyclo-static scheduler and LAGER. The authors describe the total system with specific emphasis on the circuit generator, and illustrate the compilation process with a simple example. >
Automated support for older adult accessibility of e-government web sites

The NSF-funded research described in this paper focuses on the development of automated software tools for improving Web accessibility for older adults. The Web offers great promise for immediate access to government information and resources that might not otherwise be available. Yet, there are design and information content barriers to the use of these Web sites making them virtually inaccessible to many older users. As such, automated support is essential for improving the accessibility of government Web sites by minimizing the cost and resources required to modify them. This paper describes some of the issues associated with Web accessibility for older adults and the proposed software solutions for addressing them.
Results of a Survey to Assess Residency Preceptor Development Methods and Precepting Challenges

Purpose The results of a survey to (1) assess the current status of preceptor development within pharmacy residency programs, (2) understand challenges to preceptor development, and (3) identify directions for future preceptor development opportunities are presented. Methods In June 2012, pharmacy residents and preceptors listed in the ASHP online residency directory were surveyed. The survey was developed from a review of the literature and underwent expert review. The final instrument included 19 preceptor-specific items and 12 resident-specific items. Results A total of 1437 preceptors and residents participated in the survey. Forty-nine percent of preceptor respondents reported having attended a formal Residency Learning System workshop. Most surveyed preceptors (88.1%) felt they were adequately trained as a preceptor to be effective in educating pharmacy residents, but only 51.5% of preceptors felt they had adequate time for precepting residents. Preceptors reported the lack of time as the primary barrier to their development as preceptors, with 60% indicating that “effectively precepting while meeting employment responsibilities” was their primary precepting challenge. Conclusion Less than half of respondents to the preceptor survey reported that their institutions had a policy outlining specific requirements for preceptor development. Preceptor survey respondents reported the lack of time as the primary barrier to preceptor development. Many surveyed residents indicated that providing effective verbal feedback and providing effective written feedback were the greatest challenges for their preceptors.
Identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis vascular graft infections: A comparison of culture techniques

Abstract Culture of prosthetic material is routinely used to exclude or implicate infection in the pathogenesis of late-appearing graft complications. In a canine model of aortic graft infection caused by a bacterial biofilm, the influence of culture media (blood agar and tryptic soy broth) and mechanical surface biofilm disruption (tissue grinding and ultrasonic oscillation) on microorganism recovery was determined. Dacron prostheses colonized in vitro with Staphylococcus epidermidis were implanted in the infrarenal aortas of 36 dogs. After 3 weeks an infection with anatomic characteristics of late graft infection in humans was present. Explantation (± surface biofilm disruption) of infected grafts showed broth culture was superior ( p S. epidermidis was 30% with agar media, was 72% with broth media alone, and was 83% with broth media plus biofilm disruption. In situ replacement of infected grafts plus parenteral antibiotics resulted in early (1 month) healing of 31 grafts without signs of infection. All replacement grafts were sterile when cultured in broth media alone, but the addition of biofilm disruption isolated the study strain from eight (22%) of 36 grafts ( p 2 of graft, only culture in broth media reliably recovered microorganisms. In the absence of perigraft inflammation, microbiologic recovery techniques that identify bacterial biofilms are necessary to exclude infection in studies concerning the pathogenesis of late graft complications or the treatment of S. epidermidis prosthetic infections. (J Vasc Surg 1989;9:665–70.)
Mechanisms and products of ozonolysis of aniline in aqueous solution containing nitrite ion

Abstract The presence of nitrite ions (1 × 10−4 M) in the reaction medium affected the aqueous reaction of aniline (1 × 10−4 M) and ozone (2.07–2.15 × 10−4 M) at pH 6.25–10.65; o-, m- and p-nitroaniline were formed in addition to reaction products reported earlier. The combined yield of o- and p-nitroaniline was as high as 8%. Their yields were significantly higher at pH 6.25 and 7.25 than at pH 10.65 and carbonate species-inhibited their formation. The reaction mechanisms for the formation of the nitroanilines involves pernitrous acid, hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide radical as the important intermediates.
Individual and group risk-taking in a two-choice situation

Abstract Individual and group decision making under uncertainty was explored in an attempt to determine whether individual risk preferences change under group conditions. Subjects predicted which of two differentially probable stimulus events would occur, and were paid for correct anticipations in a series of 360 trials. The expected value of the choices was held constant by varying payoff inversely with the frequency of the two events. After 180 trials, individuals either continued alone or were formed into three-man groups. Groups showed consistent and significant shifts in the conservative direction, while individuals remaining alone did not shift. The data were examined in the light of various group-decision models and in the light of other explanations of the risky-shift phenomenon. Changes in individual risk preferences were interpreted as deriving from a change in subjective utilities of outcomes which occurs in the group situation.
Bulk modulus and Young's modulus of nanocrystalline [gamma]-alumina

Compression measurements were performed for the first time on nanocrystalline [gamma]-alumina utilizing a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction method. The cubic unit cell (a = 0.7924 nm) for [gamma]-alumina was found to have a volume compression of about 2.4% over the pressure range from ambient to 3.9 GPa at room temperature under both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic conditions. Using the first-order Bridgman equation and another equation of state, the isothermal bulk modulus (B[sub 0]) was determined to be 162 [+-] 14 GPa and Young's modulus (E) was estimated to be 253 [+-] 22 GPa assuming a Poisson's ratio for [gamma]-alumina of 0.24 [+-] 0.2.
Fechtner syndrome: report of a third family and literature review

Summary We observed macrothrombocytopenia with leucocyte inclusions in 10 out of 14 members of a four-generation family. Morphological features of leucocyte inclusions and the presence of Alport-related symptoms supported the diagnosis of Fechtner syndrome. Compared to the two previously reported Fechtner families, our kindred showed reduced expression of Alport manifestations. These, in members aged less than 50, were represented by clinically silent ocular abnormalities. Due to the frequent non-recognition of macrothrombocytopenia, Fechtner variants with low penetrance might be difficult to diagnose. In addition, Sebastian syndrome, recently distinguished from Fechtner disease in lacking Alport manifestations, might be one of these variants.
Piezoelectric effects in biological materials

Abstract Strain-generated electrical signals detected in dry biological tissues (e.g., bone and tendon) are considered from the point of view of piezoelectricity. Although the magnitude and sign of the signals produced in bending experiments have been found to be inconsistent with expectations based on the classical theories of piezoelectricity and elasticity, a reconciliation has been shown to be possible if the piezoelectric moduli are taken to vary with location in the specimen. The complexity of the microstructure of the tissues and the finding of a spatially-varying spontaneous polarization justify the approach. The idea that a non-uniform polarization in the material leads to a large bending signal also finds applicability in the case of poled polymer films. The biological polymer collagen is, in fact, the electrically-active constituent in dry biological tissues. Although the piezoelectric effect is the electromechanical transduction mechanism in the case of dry tissues, physiologically-moist carti...