cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FOUNDATIONS OF HUMAN ECOLOGY

As with other sciences, ecology's conceptual foundations emerged long after its origin. Clarification of these foundations should enable human ecology to provide understanding of the fact that industrial civilization causes ecosystem breakdowns. Arthur Tansley's reasons for superseding the community concept and coining the term “ecosystem” need to be known. Sociologists have widely misunderstood the term. Their “ecological complex” is not synonymous with it. Tinkering with ensuing lists of variables can be highly misleading. Human ecology should be the study of whatever ecosystems involve humans. Until we put behind us the unnerving impact of inappropriate criticism, rejoin bioecology enough to get over thinking of succession as invader-driven, and recognize seral stages for what they are, sociologists will fail to comprehend the ineluctable difference between industrialism and ecological climax. Available literature can facilitate sociologists' necessary retooling.
X-Ray and Optical Observations of BL Hydri

We acquired hard X-ray and unfiltered optical photometric data of the AM Herculis system BL Hydri. The X-ray data were obtained using the Proportional Counter Array detector of the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer satellite on 1997 October 17. The optical data were obtained using the 1.5 m telescope of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory on 1997 September 24. At the time of our observations, BL Hyi was in an unusual high-luminosity state with average visual magnitude mV ≈ 14.4 and orbital phase-averaged 2-10 keV X-ray flux ≈1.5 × 10-11 ergs cm-2 s-1, roughly 50% larger than had been seen previously. The X-ray light curves suggested that two accretion poles were active. The primary X-ray emission region was extended, covering ~45° in longitude on the white dwarf, while the secondary X-ray emission region was consistent with a point source with flux ~33% that of the primary region. The X-ray spectra were well fitted by absorbed bremsstrahlung with Gaussian emission-line models; and absorbed power law with Gaussian emission-line models. For the thermal models, the X-ray spectra were consistent with kTX ≈ 11 keV and an emission line at E ≈ 6.7-6.8 keV with equivalent width EW = 0.86-1.2 keV. The absorbed power-law models had slope α ≈ 2.1 and an emission line at E = 6.7-6.8 keV with EW = 1.1-1.5 keV. The optical data showed, 2.7% ± 0.2% rms quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) over the frequency range 0.2-0.8 Hz modulated strongly on the orbital period suggesting that the QPOs were connected with the dominant accretion hot spot. We did not find corresponding QPOs in the X-ray emission for an upper limit of 20% rms. There were no detections of other short-period QPOs or coherent features in either the optical or the X-ray data. The X-ray and optical data were consistent with a radiative shock model. Based primarily on the X-ray continuum and line spectrum, we infer that the mass of the white dwarf in the BL Hyi system is 0.3-0.7 M☉, depending on the relative cyclotron and hard X-ray luminosities.
A Protein Complex Containing the Conserved Swi2/Snf2-Related ATPase Swr1p Deposits Histone Variant H2A.Z into Euchromatin

The conserved histone variant H2A.Z functions in euchromatin to antagonize the spread of heterochromatin. The mechanism by which histone H2A is replaced by H2A.Z in the nucleosome is unknown. We identified a complex containing 13 different polypeptides associated with a soluble pool of H2A.Z in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This complex was designated SWR1-Com in reference to the Swr1p subunit, a Swi2/Snf2-paralog. Swr1p and six other subunits were found only in SWR1-Com, whereas six other subunits were also found in the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase and/or the Ino80 chromatin remodeling complex. H2A.Z and SWR1 were essential for viability of cells lacking the EAF1 component of NuA4, pointing to a close functional connection between these two complexes. Strikingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of cells lacking Swr1p, the presumed ATPase of the complex, revealed a profound defect in the deposition of H2A.Z at euchromatic regions that flank the silent mating type cassette HMR and at 12 other chromosomal sites tested. Consistent with a specialized role for Swr1p in H2A.Z deposition, the majority of the genome-wide transcriptional defects seen in swr1Delta cells were also found in htz1Delta cells. These studies revealed a novel role for a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme family in determining the region-specific histone subunit composition of chromatin in vivo and controlling the epigenetic state of chromatin. Metazoan orthologs of Swr1p (Drosophila Domino; human SRCAP and p400) may have analogous functions.
Changes in Soluble and Bound Peroxidase—IAA Oxidase During Tomato Fruit Development

Soluble peroxidase activity increased dramatically during the early stages of tomato fruit development, reaching a maximum at the mature-green stage. Ionically and covalently bound peroxidases were also observed, and the activities of these fractions increased steadily throughout fruit development. IAA (indoleacetic acid) oxidase activity was observed in both soluble and bound fractions and paralleled the peroxidase activity. Tissue homogenates from juvenile fruit caused an extended induction period in IAA oxidation reactions catalyzed by the purified tomato fruit peroxidase, suggesting the occurence of a high concentration of phenolic-type auxin protectors in this tissue. As the fruit developed, tissue homogenates showed a reduction in the amount of auxin protectors as the IAA oxidizing capacity of the fruit increased.
Risk of Recurrence of Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of mental retardation and of congenital malformations in both live and stillborn infants. Loss or addition of chromosomal material has been found in between 5% and 6% of perinatal and pediatric autopsies1 and in approximately 1/250 newborns.2 A pediatrician in the course of his or her professional lifetime is, therefore, likely to be called upon to counsel parents who have had a child or a stillborn infant with a chromosomal abnormality and who wish to know the risk of recurrence of similar problems in future pregnancies. Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal abnormality seen in liveborn infants (with a frequency of approximately 1/700), will serve as the prototype for the discussion that follows. It is not the aim of this article to describe chromosomal structure or nomenclature in detail or to delineate the physical features and medical complications of different chromosomal disorders. For this the interested reader is referred elsewhere.3 Nevertheless, some familiarity with the mechanisms by which such abnormalities can be produced will help in understanding how estimates of recurrence risks for particular chromosomal abnormalities have been determined. Such mechanisms will, therefore, be discussed when it is felt to be appropriate. CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES The normal complement of human chromosomes is 46, 22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes (XX in females, XY in males).
Dynorphins and leu-enkephalin in brain nuclei and pituitary of WKY and SHR rats

The distribution of dynorphin 1-13 (Dyn-1-13, Dyn-(1-8) and Leu5-enkephalin (LE) immunoreactivities (ir) were determined in discrete brain nuclei of normotensive (WKY) and hypertensive (SHR) rats. The concentration of ir-Dyn-(1-13) and ir-Dyn-(1-8) varied markedly among the various nuclei studies with a predominance of ir-Dyn-(1-13) over ir-Dyn-(1-8) in all the nuclei of both WKY and SHR rats. Ir-LE also showed large variations in different sites and no consistent relationships were found between the distribution of ir-Dyn-(1-8), Dyn-(1-13) and LE. SHR rats had lower levels of ir-Dyn-(1-13), Dyn-(1-8) and LE in the suprachiasmatic nucleus compared with WKY rats. In addition, SHR rats had lower levels of ir-Dyn-(1-8)- in the paraventricular and central amygdala, and higher ir-Dyn-(1-13) levels in the substantia nigra. The level of ir-Dyn-(1-13) in the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of SHR rats was decreased substantially compared with that of WKY rats. The localization of these opioid peptides suggests that dynorphin-like peptides may serve a variety of hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic functions which might differ between SHR and WKY rats.
A computer mathematics course for secondary school teachers

This popular course has been taught by the Department of Mathematics at Georgia State University for the last several years. The course is designed for students in the Master of Arts for Teachers and Master of Education programs. Most of these students start teaching mathematics at the secondary level before entering the program.
Neural Bases of Talker Normalization

To recognize phonemes across variation in talkers, listeners can use information about vocal characteristics, a process referred to as ''talker normalization.'' The present study investigates the cortical mechanisms underlying talker normalization using fMRI. Listeners recognized target words presented in either a spoken list produced by a single talker or a mix of different talkers. It was found that both conditions activate an extensive cortical network. However, recognizing words in the mixed-talker condition, relative to the blocked-talker condition, activated middle/superior temporal and superior parietal regions to a greater degree. This temporal–parietal network is possibly associated with selectively attending and processing spectral and spatial acoustic cues required in recognizing speech in a mixed-talker condition.
A nodal aggregation algorithm for linearized two-time-scale power networks

A nodel aggregation algorithm has been proposed to compute the slow aggregate of linearized power system networks. The algorithm decomposes the aggregation process into recursive two-node aggregations. Recursive formulas for aggregation are derived, replacing the inversion of a possibly large, dense matrix. To reduce the amount of computation and storage, the algorithm can utilize sparsity in choosing the nodes to be aggregated at each step. The algorithm reduces to the nodal elimination algorithm when one of the nodes to be aggregated is static. >
A REVIEW OF HYDROGEN BONDING IN SOLID POLYMERS: STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS, ANALYSIS, AND IMPORTANCE

Abstract Although a great deal is known about the effects of hydrogen bonding in solid polymer systems, there has been little effort to organize this information. AS a result, it is still difficult to predict what the effects of hydrogen bonding in a given polymer system or blend will be, as well as what structural features will promote such interaction. Availability of predictive capability would be particularly valuable for the design of polymer blends and laminates where compatibility is normally difficult to achieve.
Effects of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist CP809101 in the amygdala on reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior and anxiety-like behavior

Serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) agonists attenuate reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. These receptors are found throughout the limbic system, including the basolateral amygdala (BlA), which is involved in forming associations between emotional stimuli and environmental cues, and the central amygdala (CeA), which is implicated in the expression of conditioned responding to emotional stimuli. This study investigated whether 5-HT2CRs in the amygdala are involved in cue and cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg, i.v.) which that was paired with light and tone cues, and then subsequently they underwent daily extinction training. Rats then received bilateral microinfusions of the 5-HT2CR agonist CP809101 (0.01–1.0 μg/0.2 μl/side) into either the BlA or CeA prior to tests for cue or cocaine-primed (10 mg/kg, i.p.) reinstatement. Rats were also tested for CP809101 effects on anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Surprisingly, intra-BlA CP809101 had no effect on cue reinstatement, though it did increase anxiety-like behavior on the EPM. Intra-CeA infusions of CP809101 attenuated cocaine-primed reinstatement, an effect that was prevented with concurrent administration of the 5-HT2CR antagonist SB242084 (0.1 μg/0.2 μl/side). CP809101 had no effect on cue reinstatement or anxiety-like behavior on the EPM. These findings suggest that 5-HT2CRs in the BlA modulate anxiety, whereas those in the CeA modulate incentive motivational effects induced by cocaine priming injections. Received 20 March 2014; Reviewed 10 April 2014; Revised 19 April 2014; Accepted 27 April 2014
Nuclear Orphan Receptors Regulate Transcription of the Gene for the Human Luteinizing Hormone Receptor

An imperfect estrogen receptor half-site response element direct-repeat, located within the TATA-less promoter of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (hLHR), was identified as an inhibitory site for Sp1/Sp3-driven basal transcription. Isolation of proteins recognizing this site by yeast one-hybrid screening of a human placenta cDNA library revealed three nuclear orphan receptors, EAR2, EAR3/COUP-TFI, and TR4. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated that the in vitro translated nuclear orphan receptors specifically bound the direct-repeat motif of the hLHR promoter. Also, endogenous EAR2 and EAR3/COUP-TFI from JAR cell and human testis and TR4 from testes bound this motif in electrophoresis mobility shift assays. Functional analyses in CV-1 cells showed that EAR2 and EAR3/COUP-TFI repressed the hLHR promoter activity by up to 70% in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner. Conversely, TR4 activated the hLHR promoter activity up to 2.5-fold through binding to the same cis-element. The stimulation was reversed by coexpression of EAR2 or EAR3/COUP-TFI, indicating their competitive binding for this site. Such recognition of a common cognate site by the proteins with antagonistic functions implies that a net regulation of the hLHR gene may result from the relative availability of repressors and activator in a physiological state. This also may contribute to the differential expression of the hLHR gene in gonadal and non-gonadal tissues.
Graft copolymers of starch. III. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Influence of chain modifiers on copolymer composition

A study was made of the influence of selected chain modifiers on both the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile and the grafting frequency of the starch–polyacrylo-nitrile graft copolymer. Gelatinized wheat starch was used with ceric ammonium nitrate as the initiator. The organic chain modifiers investigated were ethyl mercaptan, 1-dodecanethiol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, and chloroform. Sodium chromate, cupric bromide, cupric nitrate, cupric acetate, and cupric chloride were also tested as chain modifiers. In the presence of cupric chloride, there was a tenfold reduction in the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile; however, fewer chains were grafted to the starch backbone than were observed without cupric chloride.
Recurrent neural network training for energy management of a mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle with an ultra-capacitor

The paper exemplifies the design flow of a neural network controller for energy management of a parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) with an ultra-capacitor. As the energy storage capacity of the ultra-capacitor is limited, the energy management in such a powertrain can be particularly challenging, and charging/discharging of the ultra-capacitor has to be performed optimally to reduce fuel consumption and avoid drivability degradation. In this paper, a neural network model of the powertrain is first trained from the input/output data generated by a powertrain model; with this neural network model a neural network controller, which prescribes the power split between the engine and the electric motor, is trained using a multi-stream Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based training method. The weights of the neural network controller are then further refined on the original plant model by a stochastic perturbation approach. The choices of the neural network architecture and of the cost function to model the plant and the controller are rationalized. The fuel consumption improvement is compared against the optimal solution obtained using dynamic programming.
Large-Scale Teacher Professional Development Endeavor: The Lincoln Tri-State Institute.

This article explores a two-year professional development initiative with four state geographic alliances. Professional development planners, whether planning for a large- or small-scale initiative or one with unlimited or limited funding, will benefit from learning about this successful professional development activity and how the impact in the lives of teachers and students was measured. The actual process of this professional development and the assessment methods that were used throughout the entire two years are both noteworthy and could serve as a model for others.
Acute Nonspecific Pericarditis Clinical, Laboratory, and Follow-up Considerations

Acute nonspecific pericarditis has been recognized with increasing frequency in recent years although there is reason to believe that it was considered distinct from rheumatic pericarditis almost 100 years ago. The authors have been able to secure follow-up information on 50 cases seen between 1930 and 1949. A few have shown persistent electrocardiographic changes, and calcification of the pericardium occurred in 1 case. In general the prognosis appears excellent and we have not observed constrictive pericarditis as a sequela.
Simulation-based performance evaluation of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper we evaluate several routing protocols for mobile, wireless, ad hoc networks via packetdlevel simulations. The ad hoc networks are multidhop wireless networks with dynamically changing network connectivity owing to mobility. The protocol suite includes several routing protocols specifically designed for ad hoc routing, as well as more traditional protocols, such as link state and distance vector, used for dynamic networks. Performance is evaluated with respect to fraction of packets delivered, enddtodend delay, and routing load for a given traffic and mobility model. Both small l30 nodesr and medium sized l60 nodesr networks are used. It is observed that the new generation of onddemand routing protocols use much lower routing load, especially with small number of peerdtodpeer conversations. However, the traditional link state and distance vector protocols provide, in general, better packet delivery and enddtodend delay performance.
Microsatellite primers for the Pacific Northwest endemic conifer Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Cupressaceae)

 Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the Pacifi c Northwest conifer, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Cupressaceae), to enhance effi ciencies in disease-resistance breeding and germplasm screening for gene conservation of this rare species.  Methods and Results: Using multiplexed massively parallel Illumina sequencing, we identifi ed over 300 000 microsatellitecontaining sequences from 2 million paired-end microreads. After stringent fi ltering and primer evaluation, we selected 11 primer pairs and used these to screen variation in four populations of C. lawsoniana. Loci show between three and 10 repeats per locus, with an average of eight. Screening of these markers in the North American relative Callitropsis nootkatensis demonstrated limited marker transferability, but these markers could have utility in Asian species of Chamaecyparis .  Conclusions: These microsatellite primers show high polymorphism and should provide a high level of individual discrimination for paternity analysis in defi ned pedigrees, and routine screening of wild variation in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana .
Characterization of network-wide anomalies in traffic flows

Detecting and understanding anomalies in IP networks is an open and ill-defined problem. Toward this end, we have recently proposed the subspace method for anomaly diagnosis. In this paper we present the first large-scale exploration of the power of the subspace method when applied to flow traffic. An important aspect of this approach is that it fuses information from flow measurements taken throughout a network. We apply the subspace method to three different types of sampled flow traffic in a large academic network: multivariate timeseries of byte counts, packet counts, and IP-flow counts. We show that each traffic type brings into focus a different set of anomalies via the subspace method. We illustrate and classify the set of anomalies detected. We find that almost all of the anomalies detected represent events of interest to network operators. Furthermore, the anomalies span a remarkably wide spectrum of event types, including denial of service attacks (single-source and distributed), flash crowds, port scanning, downstream traffic engineering, high-rate flows, worm propagation, and network outage.
Cognitive Stimulation for Apathy in Probable Early-Stage Alzheimer's

We studied changes in apathy among 77 community-dwelling older persons with mild memory loss in a randomized clinical trial comparing two nonpharmacological interventions over four weeks. The study used a pre-post design with randomization by site to avoid contamination and diffusion of effect. Interventions were offered twice weekly after baseline evaluations were completed. The treatment group received classroom style mentally stimulating activities (MSAs) while the control group received a structured early-stage social support (SS) group. The results showed that the MSA group had significantly lower levels of apathy (P < .001) and significantly lower symptoms of depression (P < .001). While both groups improved on quality of life, the MSA group was significantly better (P = .02) than the SS group. Executive function was not significantly different for the two groups at four weeks, but general cognition improved for the MSA group and declined slightly for the SS group which produced a significant posttest difference (P < .001). Recruitment and retention of SS group members was difficult in this project, especially in senior center locations, while this was not the case for the MSA group. The examination of the data at this four-week time point shows promising results that the MSA intervention may provide a much needed method of reducing apathy and depressive symptoms, while motivating participation and increasing quality of life.
Some issues on the strength of the lithosphere

The strength of the oceanic and continental lithosphere has important controls on some of the major geological processes on earth including the operation of plate tectonics and the long-term stability of the continental roots. However, explaining these major geological features from the experimental and theoretical studies on the strength of rocks is challenging and some of the existing models for the strength of the lithosphere do not explain these main geological observations. A brief review is provided to summarize recent progress in these areas with the emphasis on experimental studies.
EFFECT OF FIBER DISPERSION ON MULTIPLE CRACKING OF CEMENT COMPOSITES

High performance, fiber-reinforced composites are identified by their high strength and toughness associated with multiple cracking. If the composite is adequately reinforced, the bridging fibers will transfer the load and multiple cracking will occur when the subsequent transferred load cracks the matrix again. This study investigates the effect of dispersion of fibers on the multiple cracking behavior of fiber-reinforced composites. The electronic speckle pattern interferometry technique is used to record the location of crack initiation, the sequence of the multiple cracking, and the corresponding cracking stresses. Microstructural parameters at each crack location are statistically quantified by the theory of point processes. The size of the fiber-free areas and the fiber clumping are calculated at the crack cross sections. By using linear elastic fracture mechanics, the fracture toughness of the matrix is calculated. A strong relation between the cracking stress and the fiber-free areas in the composite is observed. It is shown that the toughness of the composite depends on the fiber clumping at the first crack cross section.
Identifying Citrullination Sites by Mass Spectrometry

The citrullination of arginine is one of the smallest posttranslational modifications made to proteins, by mass. Mass spectrometric methods of analysis offer the potential to not only identify sites of protein citrullination but in some instances to quantify their occurrence in diseased tissue, relative to healthy tissues. This is an emerging, if challenging, area where method and instrument selections can influence not only data quality but also throughput. Citrullination, or deimination of arginine, results in the addition of only 0.9848 Da to a peptide. Recent improvements in the accuracy and resolution of mass spectrometers, as well as the advancement of protein chemistry technology that selectively targets citrulline moieties, has allowed greater success in identifying citrullinated arginine within proteins and peptides. This chapter provides an overview of recent, successful strategies used to identify citrullination sites using modern proteomic methods that involve mass spectrometric analysis. Applications to the study of multiple sclerosis and arthritis are highlighted.
Lake Trout Reproductive Behavior: Influence of Chemosensory Cues from Young-of-the-Year By-Products

Abstract Chemosensory cues, particularly those emanating from substrate areas occupied by previously hatched young, may play an important role in the reproductive behavior of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Support for this hypothesis was obtained in laboratory experiments. Adults were placed in a large circular pool with four experimental reefs. Egg membranes and feces obtained from young that had hatched earlier were placed in polyester fiber in screen envelopes and positioned on selected reefs. Females approached and males contacted (“cleaned”) the treated reefs but not the untreated reefs. Of 6,858 eggs recovered, 92% were from treated reefs. Some of these eggs had been fertilized and provide the first record of volitional spawning by lake trout under artificial conditions. A second experiment was less definitive, because no spawning occurred, but visual observations and analysis of videotaped behavior sequences showed that, again, adults were attracted more to reefs treated with feces of young of th...
Psychoinformatics: New Horizons at the Interface of the Psychological and Computing Sciences

Psychologists live in an increasingly data-rich world, and our ability to make continued progress in understanding the mind and brain depends on finding new ways to organize and synthesize an ever-expanding body of knowledge. In this article, I review current research in psychoinformatics—an emerging discipline that uses tools and techniques from the computer and information sciences to improve the acquisition, organization, and synthesis of psychological data. I focus on several areas where the application of informatics approaches has already paid large dividends, leading to advances including novel data-collection approaches, the adaptation of computational techniques and insights, the enhanced aggregation and organization of psychological data, large-scale data mining and synthesis, and improved research and publication practices. I argue that in the coming years, informatics approaches are likely to play the same instrumental role in shaping psychological research that they have already played in oth...
Principal Component Image Analysis of MODIS for Volcanic Ash. Part II: Simulation of Current GOES and GOES-M Imagers

Abstract In Part I of this paper the infrared bands of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were analyzed using principal component image analysis for volcanic ash signals. The analyses performed determined that several of the thermal infrared bands of MODIS contributed significantly to detecting volcanic ash in the cases examined. Most, but not all, of these bands will be included in the next major upgrade to the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager scheduled for 2012. In Part II, MODIS data for the same volcanic cases examined in Part I (Popocatepetl near Mexico City and Cleveland in the Aleutian Islands) are used to simulate the impact of changes that will occur in spectral bands between current and near-term GOES imagery. The change from the 12.0-μm band to a 13.3-μm band on GOES-M (launched in 2001 and renamed GOES-12) was made to improve cloud-height determinations. However, when GOES-M becomes operational, the change in bands will have a potential neg...
Pulmonary Artery Denervation for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

While the seminal advance in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) over the past 2 decades has been pharmacological targeting of dysfunctional endothelium-derived pathways that contribute to the characteristic vascular remodeling of this condition irrespective of etiology [(1)][1],
Implementing and Improving Automated Electronic Tumor Molecular Profiling

Oncology practice increasingly requires the use of molecular profiling of tumors to inform the use of targeted therapeutics. However, many oncologists use third-party laboratories to perform tumor genomic testing, and these laboratories may not have electronic interfaces with the provider's electronic medical record (EMR) system. The resultant reporting mechanisms, such as plain-paper faxing, can reduce report fidelity, slow down reporting procedures for a physician's practice, and make reports less accessible. Vanderbilt University Medical Center and its genomic laboratory testing partner have collaborated to create an automated electronic reporting system that incorporates genetic testing results directly into the clinical EMR. This system was iteratively tested, and causes of failure were discovered and addressed. Most errors were attributable to data entry or typographical errors that made reports unable to be linked to the correct patient in the EMR. By providing direct feedback to providers, we were able to significantly decrease the rate of transmission errors (from 6.29% to 3.84%; P < .001). The results and lessons of 1 year of using the system and transmitting 832 tumor genomic testing reports are reported.
MPLEx: a Robust and Universal Protocol for Single-Sample Integrative Proteomic, Metabolomic, and Lipidomic Analyses

ABSTRACT Integrative multi-omics analyses can empower more effective investigation and complete understanding of complex biological systems. Despite recent advances in a range of omics analyses, multi-omic measurements of the same sample are still challenging and current methods have not been well evaluated in terms of reproducibility and broad applicability. Here we adapted a solvent-based method, widely applied for extracting lipids and metabolites, to add proteomics to mass spectrometry-based multi-omics measurements. The metabolite, protein, and lipid extraction (MPLEx) protocol proved to be robust and applicable to a diverse set of sample types, including cell cultures, microbial communities, and tissues. To illustrate the utility of this protocol, an integrative multi-omics analysis was performed using a lung epithelial cell line infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which showed the impact of this virus on the host glycolytic pathway and also suggested a role for lipids during infection. The MPLEx method is a simple, fast, and robust protocol that can be applied for integrative multi-omic measurements from diverse sample types (e.g., environmental, in vitro, and clinical). IMPORTANCE In systems biology studies, the integration of multiple omics measurements (i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics) has been shown to provide a more complete and informative view of biological pathways. Thus, the prospect of extracting different types of molecules (e.g., DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and metabolites) and performing multiple omics measurements on single samples is very attractive, but such studies are challenging due to the fact that the extraction conditions differ according to the molecule type. Here, we adapted an organic solvent-based extraction method that demonstrated broad applicability and robustness, which enabled comprehensive proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics analyses from the same sample. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.
Geodetically constrained models of viscoelastic stress transfer and earthquake triggering along the North Anatolian fault

Over the past 80 years, 8 MW > 6.7 strike-slip earthquakes west of 40° longitude have ruptured the North Anatolian fault (NAF) from east to west. The series began with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake in eastern Turkey, and the most recent 1999 MW = 7.4 Izmit earthquake extended the pattern of ruptures into the Sea of Marmara in western Turkey. The mean time between seismic events in this westward progression is 8.5 ± 11 years (67% confidence interval), much greater than the timescale of seismic wave propagation (seconds to minutes). The delayed triggering of these earthquakes may be explained by the propagation of earthquake-generated diffusive viscoelastic fronts within the upper mantle that slowly increase the Coulomb failure stress change ( ΔCFS) at adjacent hypocenters. Here we develop three-dimensional stress transfer models with an elastic upper crust coupled to a viscoelastic Burgers rheology mantle. Both the Maxwell (ηM = 4 × 1018−1 × 1019 Pa s) and Kelvin (ηK = 1 × 1018−1 × 1019 Pa s) viscosities are constrained by studies of geodetic observations before and after the 1999 Izmit earthquake. We combine this geodetically constrained rheological model with the observed sequence of large earthquakes since 1939 to calculate the time evolution of ΔCFS changes along the North Anatolian fault due to viscoelastic stress transfer. Apparent threshold values of mean ΔCFS at which the earthquakes in the eight decade sequence occur are between ∼0.02 to ∼3.15 MPa and may exceed the magnitude of static ΔCFS values by as much as 177%. By 2023, we infer that the mean time-dependent stress change along the northern NAF strand in the Marmara Sea near Istanbul, which may have previously ruptured in 1766, may reach the mean apparent time-dependent stress thresholds of the previous NAF earthquakes.
The History of Emotions

‘What exactly is the history of emotions?’ This question, often still encountered by historians working in the field, suggests that the history of emotions is difficult to understand yet hard to ignore. Historians active in other areas may have noticed the recent founding (and funding) of emotions research centres by Queen Mary, University of London, the Max Planck Society and the Australian Research Council. Yet the emergence of a critical mass of emotions researchers has not altogether dispelled concerns that emotions are not really accessible to the historian or worthy of sustained and serious consideration. Even a pioneer of the once dubious field of cultural history such as Peter Burke has wondered about the history of emotions’ viability while recognising its promise. As he sees it, if historians regard emotions as stable across time (and thus pre-cultural, it seems) then all they can do is chart changing attitudes to these constant emotions. This leaves historians writing intellectual history but not the history of emotions. If historians, by contrast, treat emotions as historically variable then they may deliver more innovative work, but they may also end up struggling to find evidence for their conclusions. Taking anxiety as an example, Burke asks pointedly how ‘could a historian possibly find evidence to establish’ whether people were more anxious in a given historical period than another, rather than simply being affected by different anxieties. The books under review here represent the latest generation of historians’ efforts to answer Burke's questions and examine whether and how fundamental changes in the history of emotions can be charted.
An investigation of small-crack effects in various aircraft engine rotor materials

Multiple sets of growth rate data for small fatigue cracks in seven different aircraft gas turbine engine rotor materials, including both titanium alloys and nickel-based superalloys, have been collected and are critically compared against corresponding large-crack data. The database includes a wide range of microstructures as well as multiple stress ratios and temperatures. The ability of the simple El Haddad small-crack model and its length parameter a0 to correlate the small-crack and large-crack data by adjusting the small-crack driving force is critically evaluated. Different methods of estimating a0, including the traditional calculation from large-crack threshold and endurance limit properties, as well as a new approach based on empirical scaling from microstructural dimensions, are explored and compared. Strengths and limitations of the simple El Haddad approach for engineering applications are discussed, as well as the practical significance of small-crack effects for life prediction.
A Multi-time Step Method to Compute Optical Flow with Scientific Priors for Observations of a Fluidic System

Optical flow is a classical problem in computer vision, but the concepts must be adapted for applications to other fields such as fluid mechanics and dynamical systems. Our approaches are based on an inverse problem formalism, considering imposed scientific priors in the form of a cost function that rewards an assumed infinitesimal generator commensurate with assumed physics of the observed density evolution. This leads to a practical and principled approach to analyze an observed dynamical system. Additionally we present here for the first time a new multi-frame version of the functional coupling of multiple images. Following the calculus of variations, this yields a coupled set of Euler–Lagrange PDEs which serve as an assimilation method that inputs video frames as driving terms. The solution of the PDE which follows is the vector field, as designed. Data from an oceanographic system will be highlighted. It is also shown here how these flow fields can be used to analyze mixing and mass transport in the fluid system being imaged.
Knowing Better: Virtue, Deliberation, and Normative Ethics, by Daniel Star

Daniel Star's new book Knowing Better opens with a very compelling puzzle. The puzzle involves two intuitive ideas that don't easily fit together: The first is that people who have never studied mo...
The US Taxing Regime of Foreign Taxpayers

This chapter covers the US concepts of Effectively Connected Income (ECI) US trade or business, the Foreign Activities Deemed US Trade or Business, the electing regime, as well as the determination of taxable Income in the USA.
“Happy Professional Development at an Unhappy Time”: Learning to Teach for Historical Thinking in a High-Pressure Accountability Context

AbstractAdolescent learners stand to benefit when history teachers center their practice on investigating open-ended questions, interrogating evidence, and constructing persuasive arguments. Taking up this kind of teaching requires professional development (PD) experiences that are sustained, subject-specific, learning-focused, and collaborative and that provide participants with opportunities to try out, discuss, and rethink new teaching practices in an intellectually nourishing environment. Yet such experiences and the history teaching that demands them can be stifled by accountability mechanisms that discourage both. Using Hochberg and Desimone’s theoretical framework for PD in accountability contexts, this comparative case study addresses how 2 teachers experienced the confluence of situational factors and facilitators in their efforts to adapt and enact PD-supported history teaching practices that conflicted with high-stakes state- and district-level accountability pressures. I suggest that PD in his...
A novel method to accurately set incident power to DUT with VNA

Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) is an important performance parameter for power amplifiers. By definition, the incident power should be known exactly to compute the PAE. But due to the return loss of DUT, traditional methods can't set the incident power accuracy directly with the VNA. This paper presents a method to set absolute incident power accurately at the DUT with the VNA's receiver levelling techniques.
Endocrinology of human female sexuality, mating, and reproductive behavior

Hormones orchestrate and coordinate human female sexual development, sexuality, and reproduction in relation to three types of phenotypic changes: life history transitions such as puberty and childbirth, responses to contextual factors such as caloric intake and stress, and cyclical patterns such as the ovulatory cycle. Here, we review the endocrinology underlying women's reproductive phenotypes, including sexual orientation and gender identity, mate preferences, competition for mates, sex drive, and maternal behavior. We highlight distinctive aspects of women's sexuality such as the possession of sexual ornaments, relatively cryptic fertile windows, extended sexual behavior across the ovulatory cycle, and a period of midlife reproductive senescence-and we focus on how hormonal mechanisms were shaped by selection to produce adaptive outcomes. We conclude with suggestions for future research to elucidate how hormonal mechanisms subserve women's reproductive phenotypes.
IL-12 Stimulates Interferon-Gamma Mediated Inhibition of Tumor-Induced Regulatory T Cell Proliferation and Enhances Tumor Clearance

To define the factors that modulate regulatory T (Treg) cells in the tumor setting, we co-cultured various tumor cells with either purified Treg cells, or with unfractionated splenocytes. We found that Treg expansion occurred only with unfractionated splenocytes, suggesting that accessory cells and/ or factors produced by them play an essential role in tumor-induced Treg expansion. We performed gene expression profiling on tumor-associated Treg cells to identify candidate signaling molecules and studied their effects on tumor-induced Treg expansion. We inadvertently discovered that IL-12 treatment blocked Treg expansion in an IL-12 receptor-dependent fashion. Additional studies showed that IL-12 acts by stimulating Interferon-gamma mediated inhibition of Treg cell proliferation, which may partially account for the anti-tumor effects of IL-12. Furthermore, IL-12 treatment was found to decrease IL-2 production, which may lead to interferon-gamma independent inhibition of Treg cells, as IL-2 is required for their survival and expansion. Mechanistic studies revealed that Interferon-gamma signaling directly causes cell cycle arrest in Treg cells. This study demonstrates that an IL-12-Interferon-gamma axis can suppress tumor-induced Treg proliferation. This mechanism may counteract the ability of Treg cells to promote tumor growth in vivo.
Beyond Punishment: The Impacts of Medical Amnesty in a U.S. Residential College Context.

Despite its risks, heavy drinking is widespread at universities. Increasingly, colleges are integrating harm-reduction perspectives into traditional punishment/deterrence-based alcohol policy appro...
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Recurrent Melanoma: A Multicenter Study

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is routinely performed for primary cutaneous melanomas; however, limited data exist for SLNB after locally recurrent (LR) or in-transit (IT) melanoma. Data from three centers performing SLNB for LR/IT melanoma (1997 to the present) were reviewed, with the aim of assessing (1) success rate; (2) SLNB positivity; and (3) prognostic value of SLNB in this population. The study cohort included 107 patients. Management of the primary melanoma included prior SLNB for 56 patients (52%), of whom 10 (18%) were positive and 12 had complete lymph node dissections (CLNDs). In the present study, SLNB was performed for IT disease (48/107, 45%) or LR melanoma (59/107, 55%). A sentinel lymph node (SLN) was removed in 96% (103/107) of cases. Nodes were not removed for four patients due to lymphoscintigraphy failures (2) or nodes not found during surgery (2). SLNB was positive in 41 patients (40%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 31.5–50.5), of whom 35 (88%) had CLND, with 13 (37%) having positive nonsentinel nodes. Median time to disease progression after LR/IT metastasis was 1.4 years (95% CI 0.75–2.0) for patients with a positive SLNB, and 5.9 years (95% CI 1.7–10.2) in SLNB-negative patients (p = 0.18). There was a trend towards improved overall survival for patients with a negative SLNB (p = 0.06). SLNB can be successful in patients with LR/IT melanoma, even if prior SLNB was performed. In this population, the rates of SLNB positivity and nonsentinel node metastases were 40% and 37%, respectively. SLNB may guide management and prognosis after LR/IT disease.
Abstract 1947: Combination of Vincristine and Clotam induces antiproliferative response in medulloblastoma cells

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor and usually originates in the cerebellum. These tumors have the propensity to disseminate throughout the central nervous system and are often difficult to treat. Chemotherapy is widely accepted as part of the multimodality treatment approach for MB. However, it is associated with debilitating toxicity and potential long term disabilities. Vincristine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for MB treatment. This drug is known to induce some toxic effects including peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this study was to test a combination treatment involving Vincristine and an anti-cancer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Clotam (Tolfenamic acid) against MB cell lines. Previously, we showed that Clotam inhibited MB cell proliferation and tumor growth in mice by targeting the transcription factor, Specificity protein1 (Sp1) and an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, BIRC5 (baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5). The overexpression of BIRC5 is associated with aggressiveness and poor prognosis in several cancers. MB cells, DAOY and D283 cells were treated with vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) or low dose of Vincristine (DAOY: 2ng/ml; D283: 1ng/ml) or Clotam (DAOY & D283: 10 µg/ml) or combination of Vincristine + Clotam and the cell viability was measured at 1 and 2 days post-treatment using Cell-TiterGlo kit. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze apoptotic cells using Annexin-V staining and cell cycle phase distribution using propidium iodide staining. The activation of apoptotic pathways was further investigated by assessing the levels of effector caspases with CaspaseGlo kit and the expression of apoptotic markers [cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), B-cell lymphoma 2, and BIRC5] by Western blot analysis. The expression of key proteins associated with cell cycle (Cyclin A, B, D, CDK4/6, and p21) was also determined by Western blot analysis. When compared to individual agents, the combination of Clotam and Vincristine increased MB cell growth inhibition which is accompanied by an induction of apoptotic markers and the modulation of (Cyclin A, B, D and CDK4/6: down-regulation; p21: up-regulation) proteins associated with cell cycle phase distribution. These results suggest that Vincristine and Clotam combination treatment is effective for inducing anti-proliferative effect in MB cells. The experiments to evaluate the effect of this combination in animal model for MB are currently under study. Citation Format: Shruti V. Patil, Don Eslin, Robert Sutphin, Umesh T. Sankpal, Yazmin Hernandez, Areeba Hafeez, W. Paul Bowman, Riyaz Basha. Combination of Vincristine and Clotam induces antiproliferative response in medulloblastoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1947. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1947