cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Full-participation of students with physical disabilities in science and engineering laboratories.

Purpose: To conduct a literature review identifying barriers and facilitators students with physical disabilities (SwD-P) may encounter in science and engineering (S&E) laboratories.Method: Publica...
The "Colonial Wig" pancreaticojejunostomy: zero leaks with a novel technique for reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains common and morbid after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). A major advance in the study of POPF is the fistula risk score (FRS). Methods We analyzed 48 consecutive patients undergoing PD. The “Colonial Wig” pancreaticojejunostomy (CWPJ) technique was used in the last 22 PDs, we compared 22 CWPJ to 26 conventional PDs. Results Postoperative morbidity was 49% (27% Clavien grade >2). The median length of hospital stay was 11 days. In the first 26 PDs, the PJ was performed according to standard techniques and the clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) rate was 15%, similar to the FRS-predicted rate (14%). In the next 22 PJs, the CWPJ was employed. Although the FRS-predicted rates were similar in these two groups (14% vs 13%), the CR-POPF rate in the CWPJ group was 0 (P=0.052). Conclusion Early experience with the CWPJ is encouraging, and this anastomosis may be a safe and effective way to lower POPF rates.
Environmental Change and Technological Convergence in Southern Germany

Although environment and technology are tightly related, the relationship is not necessarily a simple one. Both environmental specifics and various aspects of human behavior are critical mediators in how they interact. In the Paleolithic and Mesolithic of southwestern Germany, dramatic environmental changes over the course of five millennia at the end of the last ice age were accompanied by changes in lithic technology. Although the environment was transformed in a rather linear process of reforestation and succession, the technological changes showed a different pattern, including most notably a convergence of many aspects of later lithic organization with those characteristics common 5000 years earlier.
Infrared spectroscopic imaging advances as an analytical technology for biomedical sciences

Optical chemical imaging seeks to non-destructively acquire spatially resolved chemical information without the use of labels or probes. The combination of vibrational mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy and microscopy is especially attractive since the fundamental vibrational modes of samples are coincident with optical frequencies, thereby absorbing a large fraction of incident light and providing a strong signal. Modern IR spectroscopic imaging can be traced back nearly 25 years, with the coupling of an IR microscope to an array detector and an interferometer1,2. Instrumentation had been largely similar to this initial setup for almost two decades with several innovations such as rapid scan imaging3,4, time-resolved imaging5, faster detectors and linear array systems.6 These advances have provided several variants to speed up data acquisition and enable new capabilities compared to the basic configuration of a broadband globar source, interferometer and array detector-equipped microscope. Recent advances in...
Effects of scale economies and production seasonality on optimal hub locations: the case of regional fresh produce aggregation.

Interest in supporting local and regional food systems is rising and food hubs have attracted considerable attention among Federal, State, and local policymakers. This study explores the problem of endogenous hub location in fresh produce value chains in the Northeastern United States. To overcome limitations in the literature, we incorporate the effects of economies of scale and production seasonality into our models. Three experimental models are designed to examine the effects of alternatively applying yearly, quarterly, and monthly data on model solutions. We explicitly assess how interactions of scale economies and seasonality influence the structure and spatial attributes of an optimal regional produce aggregation hub system. The three models generate marketed different solutions and in many respects they lead to different conclusions about developing local/regional supply chains. The monthly model allows for production seasonality and actual hub operation cycle frequency and thus leads to more efficient hub solution with rich policy implications.
Visualizing detailed postdoctoral employment trends using a new career outcome taxonomy

A standard taxonomy and visualization methods can provide postdoctoral scholars with tools to critically evaluate their career prospects.
Shoot-em-up games

In this chapter, you will create an entirely new game: Space Rocks, shown in Figure 4-1 and inspired by the classic arcade game Asteroids. You will make extensive use of the framework you created in the previous chapter (the BaseGame, BaseScreen, and BaseActor classes) and add a few new features along the way. The most significant addition will be the ability to handle discrete events: actions that should occur only once each time a key is pressed.
A comparison of grammatical proficiency measures in the automated assessment of spontaneous speech

Abstract We developed new measures that assess the level of grammatical proficiency for an automated speech proficiency scoring system. The new measures assess the range and sophistication in grammar usage based on natural language processing technology and a large corpus of learners’ spoken responses. First, we automatically identified a set of grammatical expressions associated with each proficiency level from the corpus. Next, we predicted the level of grammatical proficiency based on the similarity in the grammatical expression distribution between a learner's response and the corpus. We evaluated the strength of the association between the new measures and proficiency levels using spontaneous responses from an international English language assessment. The Pearson correlation test results showed that compared to commonly used syntactic complexity measures the proposed measures had stronger relationships with proficiency. We also explored the impact of system errors from a multi-stage automated process and found that the new measures were robust against the errors. Finally, we developed an automated scoring model which predicted the holistic oral proficiency scores. The new measures led to statistically significant improvement in agreement between human and machine scores over the previous system.
Development of a Dry Wall Concept for Laser IFE Chambers

The first wall of a laser fusion chamber will experience high heat loads pulsed at 5-10 Hz with pulse widths on the order of a few microseconds. This poses a challenging problem for dry wall designs, as the wall will be susceptible to a variety of failure modes. The primary design concept of the High Average Power Laser (HAPL) project is a ferritic steel first wall coated with tungsten armor. Due to the extreme heat loads, the armor will experience high temperatures, extensive yielding, and surface cracking. In order to evaluate the ability of this design to provide a suitable lifetime, a series of experiments to simulate chamber conditions using ions, x-rays, infrared heating, and lasers is under way. These experimental efforts have been coupled with numerical modeling to help determine likely failure modes and establish design criteria for chambers. This paper compares models for the thermomechanical effects seen in the tests to those expected in a full power chamber, in order to assess the ability of the tests to mimic the actual chamber performance. The tests are found to have some limitations, but they still offer excellent approximations of the true behavior.
Anionic Synthesis of Polymers with Functional Groups

There has been growing interest and research on new synthetic methods for the preparation of well-defined polymers with in-chain and chain-end functional groups.1–14 These functional groups in polymers can participate in: (a) reversible ionic association; (b) chain extension, branching or cross-linking reactions with polyfunctional reagents; (c) coupling and linking with reactive groups on other oligomer or polymer chains; and (d) initiation of polymerization of other monomers. In order to exploit this unique potential of functionalized polymers, it is important to consider the scope and limitations of current functionalization methodology using anionic polymerization.
Reducing Voluntary Turnover Through Improving Employee Self-Awareness, Creating Transparent Organizational Cultures, and Increasing Career Development

Successful companies exist when employees and stakeholders interact in a constructive manner to focus on the accomplishment of critical tasks. This research examined the ways self-assessment and peer assessments can be used to reduce organizational dysfunction by increasing employee self-awareness as well as improving employee career progression. Employee management behaviors in a service company were assessed by their peers in order to determine positive organizational culture and level of stress. The study also explored two links: (a) between the consistency of self-evaluation versus peer evaluation of the employee and the level of stress in the organization and (b) between the consistency of peer evaluation versus the supervisor’s performance expectation of the employee and the level of stress in the organization. The researchers hypothesized that lower levels of stress within the organization indicate a higher perception of skill among employees. This study also explored which management skills are most important for developing a healthy work culture in a service industry.
Atomistic Origins of Temperature-Dependent Shear Strength in 2D Materials

We present a model that predicts the macroscale temperature-dependent interfacial shear strength of 2D materials like MoS2 based on atomistic mechanisms and energetic barriers to sliding. Atomistic...
Lectures on Logarithmic Algebraic Geometry

This graduate textbook offers a self-contained introduction to the concepts and techniques of logarithmic geometry, a key tool for analyzing compactification and degeneration in algebraic geometry and number theory. It features a systematic exposition of the foundations of the field, from the basic results on convex geometry and commutative monoids to the theory of logarithmic schemes and their de Rham and Betti cohomology. The book will be of use to graduate students and researchers working in algebraic, analytic, and arithmetic geometry as well as related fields.
How are rational points distributed, really?

In § 3.2 we found a description of all the points with rational coordinates on the unit circle \(x^2 + y^2 =1\). In this chapter we examine some topological and analytic properties of these rational points.
T-Lymphocyte Subset Distribution and Activity in Patients With Glaucoma.

Purpose Besides glia-driven neuroinflammation, growing evidence from analysis of human blood samples, isolated autoantibodies, and postmortem tissues also support systemic immune responses during neurodegeneration in glaucoma patients. To explore the T-cell-mediated component of systemic immunity, this study analyzed T lymphocytes in patients' blood. Methods Blood samples were collected from 32 patients with glaucoma and 21 nonglaucomatous controls, and mononuclear cells were isolated by Histopaque density gradient centrifugation. T-cell subset distribution was analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry after helper (Th) and cytotoxic fractions, and Th subpopulations, were stained with antibodies to CD4, CD8, or distinctive markers, such as IFN-γ (for Th1), IL-4 (for Th2), IL-17A (for Th17), and CD25/FoxP3 (for T regulatory cells [Tregs]). In addition, proliferative activity and cytokine secretion of T cells were analyzed after in vitro stimulation. Results Analysis of T-cell subset distribution detected a glaucoma-related shift. Despite similar frequencies of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, or Th1, Th2, or Th17 subsets in glaucoma and control groups, glaucomatous samples exhibited a trend toward decreased frequency of CD4+ (or CD8+)/CD25+/FoxP3+ Tregs within the entire CD4+ (or CD8+) population (P < 0.001). Furthermore, CD4+ T cells in glaucomatous samples presented a greater stimulation response (∼3-fold) as characterized by increased proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that the immunity activated in glaucoma may not be counterbalanced by an efficient immune suppression. More work is encouraged to determine whether shifted T-cell homeostasis may contribute to neurodegeneration in glaucoma, and/or whether T-cell subset imbalance may serve as a biomarker of autoimmune susceptibility.
Structure, expression and gene sequence of a juvenile hormone esterase-related protein from metamorphosing larvae of Trichoplusia ni

A carboxylesterase with an encoded molecular size of 61 kDa and a high sequence similarity to juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) has been cloned from cDNA prepared from final instar larvae of Trichoplusia ni. The absence of a recognizable encoded signal peptide suggests that the enzyme, JHER (for JHE-related) may not be secreted, in contrast to JHE. When the amino acid sequence of JHE, JHER and other esterases were mapped onto the secondary and tertiary structure determined crystallographically for acetylcholinesterase, certain structural features for the substrate binding/catalytic site were identified as common only to JHE and JHER. However, several differences between JHE and JHER were identified in residues at the binding/catalytic site, suggesting that although the two enzymes prefer similar natural substrates, these substrates are not identical. JHER is present as a single-copy gene, transcribed during the feeding stage of the final stage of the final larval stadium, but not after metamorphic commitment to the pupal developmental programme. The gene transcribes a single-size message of 2.0 kb. The genes for JHER and JHE appear to be physically juxtaposed in the T. ni genome. The 5' flanking sequence to the JHER gene possesses some sequences in common with the JHE gene, but is also missing some regulatory elements previously identified in the JHE gene. Sequences conserved between the promoters for the two genes were identified that were different from previously reported regulatory elements of eukaryotic transcription factors.
Parsing the Line Between Professional and Citizen Science

Andrea Wiggins and John Wilbanks offer a rich and nuanced description of citizen science, which they define as “a range of participatory models for involving non-professionals as collaborators in s...
Outcomes of > 1300 Nipple-Sparing Mastectomies with Immediate Reconstruction: The Impact of Expanding Indications on Complications.

The enhanced esthetics and demonstrated oncologic safety of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) in selected patients have resulted in increased rates among patients with locally advanced breast cancer and/or additional risk factors (obesity, prior radiation, surgery). Limited data exist on complication and reconstruction success rates in a contemporary patient cohort with expanded indications for NSM. With institutional review board (IRB) approval, patients treated from 2009 to 2017 with NSM were identified from our prospective breast surgery registry. Main outcomes were 30-day complications requiring treatment and 1-year reconstruction failure rates. Risk factors were assessed using logistic regression. We evaluated 1301 breasts in 769 women undergoing NSM for cancer (n = 555) or risk reduction (n = 746) with median age of 48 (range 21–77) years. The overall 30-day complication rate was 7.5% (97/1301 breasts) and declined from 14.8% in 2009 to 6.3% in 2017 (p < 0.001), while the proportion of patients with obesity (p = 0.007) and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001) increased. Prior radiation [odds ratio (OR) 2.35, p = 0.04], recent/current smoking (OR 3.37, p < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.28 per 5-kg/m2 increase, p = 0.03) significantly increased 30-day complication rates. Reconstruction success at 1 year was 96.7%. Prior radiation (OR 5.65, p < 0.001), axillary surgery (OR 2.55, p = 0.006), and postoperative adjuvant radiation (OR 3.22, p = 0.007) significantly affected 1-year reconstruction failure. The 30-day complication rates of NSM decreased, despite broadened indications among higher-risk patients over time. These data confirm a team learning curve with NSM and also demonstrate that the nipple-sparing approach is suitable for appropriately selected higher-risk patients for both risk reduction and cancer treatment.
"Browner" - Creating Narratives of Race.

“Browner” — Creating Narratives of Race Creating narratives based on race is both a cultural norm and a primal response to a desire to understand our world. By acknowledging how much race shapes ou...
S1QELs suppress mitochondrial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production from site IQ without inhibiting reverse electron flow through Complex I.

Abstract Mitochondria are important sources of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in cell signaling and disease. In particular, superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production during reverse electron transport from ubiquinol to NAD+ though Complex I is implicated in several physiological and pathological processes. S1QELs are small molecules that suppress superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production at Complex I without affecting forward electron transport. Their mechanism of action is disputed. To test different mechanistic models, we compared the effects of two inhibitors of Complex I electron transport (piericidin A and rotenone) and two S1QELs from different chemical families on superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production and electron transport by Complex I in isolated mitochondria. Piericidin A and rotenone (and S1QEL1.1 at higher concentrations) prevented superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production from sites IQ and IF in Complex I by inhibiting reverse electron transport into the complex. S1QELs decreased the potency of electron transport inhibition by piericidin A and rotenone, suggesting that S1QELs bind directly to Complex I. S1QEL2.1 (and S1QEL1.1 at lower concentrations) suppressed site IQ without affecting reverse electron transport or site IF, showing that sites IQ and IF are distinct, and that S1QELs do not work simply by decreasing reverse electron transport to site IF (or site IQ). S1QELs did not affect the reduction of NAD+ or the rate of site IF driven by reverse electron transport, therefore they do not alter the driving forces for reverse electron transport and that is not how they suppress site IQ. We conclude that S1QELs bind to Complex I to influence the conformation of the piericidin A and rotenone binding sites and directly suppress superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production at site IQ, which is a separate site from site IF.
Synthesis, characterization, and computational modeling of polyelectrolyte-coated plasmonic gold nanorods for photothermal heating studies

In recent decades the advancement in the field of plasmonics has been crucial for the development of applications such as chemical detection, photothermal cancer therapy, and memory elements. In this work we present theoretical and experimental results focusing on the characterization of gold nanorods (AuNRs) coated with polyelectrolytes.These AuNRs constitute ideal nanoparticle-biomolecular hybrid system for study of photothermal heating effects. To start we synthesized AuNRs using a seed-mediated growth procedure. This synthesis employs a surfactant system using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for stability with the addition of silver ions for improved formation. Once synthesized the nanorods were coated with polyelectrolytes sodium poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly (sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) by a layer-by-layer absorption technique. Making use of the positive surface charge of CTAB-coated AuNRs, in this technique electrostatic absorption of an anionic polyelectrolyte and a cationic polyelectrolyte through charge reversal is enabled. The coated nanorods are characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy to control the effectiveness of each polyelectrolyte on coating the nanorods. In addition to characterizing these AuNRs experimentally we also calculate their optical properties (far-field and near-field) via electrodynamics simulations, using the finite-difference time-domain method.
Fractional-slot concentrated winding machines and drives

Fractional -slot concentrated -wound AC machines have undergone intensive research and development recently due their compactness, ease of manufacturing and maintenance, and low cost compared to conventional AC machines. Many new applications in appliances, electric traction, and aerospace industries are already possible. These machines pose some control challenges due to the high number of poles, which can be taken advantage of in gearless drives, and the non -sinusoidal nature of its stator MMF. This chapter is focused on the design and performance aspects of the fractional-slot concentrated-wound machines.
The indirect effect of coping self-efficacy on the relation between sexual violence and PTSD symptoms

One in five women experience rape and one in four experience unwanted sexual contact, incurring significant risk of negative psychological outcomes such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Giv...
Narrating Pain and Healing in Andrieu de la Vigne, Mystère de saint Martin (1496)

Somatic expressions of pain and healing are volatile patterns, difficult to incorporate within language. They can, however, be acknowledged as a fait accompli: a particular saint performs a miracle and heals a blind person, a paralytic, a demoniac, or a leper. But the processual aspect of the act of healing in its minutiae and the corporeal ways in which it affectively impacts the subject and those close to his/her entourage is difficult to capture. The aesthetic regime of late medieval devotional theatre in the vernacular, however, facilitates close attention towards bodily expressions of pain and the act of healing. In fact, one of the reasons for which the Middle Ages garnered a strong anti-theatrical prejudice was precisely the fact that religious theatre in the vernacular focused too much on the body. Such performative models allow disabled and sick characters in the plays to narrate their condition alluding to both somatic and emotional reactions they developed as a result of blindness, physical impairment, or disease. In addition, the formal structure of the plays written in verses, expanding on sacred narratives and hagiographical sources, facilitates the incorporation of a plurality of voices: the sick, those witnessing his or her condition, and the saint as healer. This way the condition of impairment is never the prerogative of only one character, but enters the realm of communal storytelling enhanced through embodied performance. Focusing on a fifteenth-century hagiographical play, Mystere de saint Martin, authored by Andrieu de la Vigne, one of the well-known French poetic voices from the end of the Middle Ages, this paper analyses how impairment and religious healing become through embodied storytelling part of a demotic conversation about disease, communal care, and attention towards the sick.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder lacks mismatch repair deficiency and demonstrates PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, with implications in both diagnosis and therapeutics

Primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder is a rare and highly aggressive disease with no standard therapy. Effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade in bladder adenocarcinoma is unknown due to lack of clinical trials. Due to the disease rarity, the rate of PD-L1 expression and DNA mismatch repair deficiency is largely unknown. In this study, we examined PD-L1 expression in 56 cases of bladder adenocarcinoma and mismatch repair protein expression in 42 cases of bladder adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Mismatch repair protein expression was uniformly intact in all cases of bladder adenocarcinoma, in comparison with 19% of advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma being mismatch repair deficient. This finding indicates that mismatch repair proteins may be combined with β-catenin and GATA-3 to create an immunostaining panel which, in addition to clinical studies, can aid in distinguishing bladder adenocarcinoma from secondary involvement by colorectal carcinoma. 4% of cases were found to overexpress PD-L1 in tumor cells while approximately a third of cases were found to display PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. These results indicate hypermutators are likely rare in bladder adenocarcinoma, yet 20-30% of the patients may be eligible for immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Integration of Cygnss Wind and Wave Observations with the Wavewatch III Numerical Model

The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission employs measurements of the quasi-specular forward scattering cross section of the ocean surface for retrieving sea surface wind speed and roughness globally and, particularly, in the inner core of tropical cyclones. CYGNSS Level 2 data products include the ocean surface wind speed U 10 and the mean square slope (MSS). An "excess MSS" approach has been previously proposed to account for sea state condition effects, including the presence of non-local swell and the degree of wave development, to reduce the influence of these effects and thereby improve wind speed retrievals. The approach requires ancillary information on the sea surface MSS and wind speed from models, and has been shown to provide some improvement in wind speed retrievals. In this work, the inclusion of an additional parameter, the inverse wave age, is examined to determine if additional improvements can be achieved. MSS and inverse wave age information is obtained from the WaveWatch III model run by IFREMER, and is used to compute a feedback signal for a closed-loop retrieval algorithm for both wind speed and MSS. The goal of the effort is to improve further the accuracy of CYGNSS Level 2 wind speed retrievals, and also to provide additional wave information if possible. This paper also investigates the technical methodology and potential benefits of integrating CYGNSS observations into the WW3 model.
Developing a State-of-the-Art Simulation-Based Education Center

Expansion of medical education simulation across all disciplines has led many institutions to develop institutional-wide simulation centers. A center-based approach has the potential to expand the number and diversity of learners, improve the quality of their education, achieve efficiencies in the use of simulation space, personnel and equipment, and improve patient safety and outcomes at an institution. This chapter explores characteristics of established centers to aide institutions in development of state-of-the-art simulation-based education centers. Once a decision is made to embrace the center concept, an institution must create plans for initial and ongoing funding, leadership and governance, management of simulation curricula, assessment of course and learner outcomes, development of simulation faculty educators and staff, and establishment of research programs. However, a single formula for development of a simulation center does not exist; simulation programs vary considerably in size, mission, funding levels, and governance structure between institutions.
Continual 4G Cell Coverage for the Nodes during a Gateway Failure using BATMAN-Adv

Cellular networks have become a critical part of business, particularly for machine-to-machine communication. The issue that these wireless 4G nodes are faced with is that 4G cell coverage may not be available so a node cannot be placed in a location or a cell site could go offline, and communication is lost. This paper will cover using Batman-Adv an Ad-Hoc Routing Protocol to dynamically share cellular connections with a pool of hosts that do not have an internet connection. Utilizing Batman-Adv, nodes that have a cellular connection are propagated in the Ad-Hoc Network to all the other nodes. In the event the cellular conditions change or a node in the network goes offline, the Batman-Adv Network will rapidly switch to the next best node with a cellular connection. The result expected is an Ad-Hoc Network sharing multiple cellular connection with its peers and capable of performing rapid routing convergence using Batman-Adv. For machine-to-machine communication this means nodes outside cell coverage can communicate to a node with a cellular connection without the need of an infrastructure network. Even if every host has cell coverage, in the event a cell site going offline, the impacted nodes could find a route to a host that has an active connection. This would increase the robustness of machine-to-machine communication and reduce deploying costly infrastructure networks.
Current Orthopaedic Health Economic Literature: Quality Is High but Ethical and Societal Perspectives Are Lacking.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the quality of orthopaedic cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) in accordance with the 2016 recommendations by the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Methods A systematic review of all CEAs from September 2017 to September 2019 in the 10 highest impact orthopaedic surgery journals was performed. Quality scoring used the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument and the Second Panel checklist. QHES scores ≥80 were considered high quality and Results The 10 highest impact orthopaedic journals published 6,323 articles with 35 (0.55%) meeting inclusion criteria. Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and sports medicine articles comprised 65.7% of included studies. Overall mean QHES score was 89.0 ± 7.6, with 82.8% considered high quality. Mean proportion of Second Panel checklist items fulfilled was 82.1% ± 13.3%, but no studies performed an impact inventory accounting for consequences within and outside the health care sector or discussed ethical implications. Mean QHES score and satisfied checklist items were significantly different by journal (P = .025 and P = .01, respectively). In addition, there was a moderate positive correlation between QHES score and impact factor (r = 0.446, P = .007). TJA CEAs satisfied a higher number of checklist items compared with spine surgery CEAs. Conclusions Recent orthopaedic CEAs have generally been high quality according to updated Second Panel guidelines but consistently miss checklist items relating to societal impact and ethics. TJA and sports medicine continue to be the most frequently studied orthopaedic subspecialties in health economics, and the breadth of orthopaedic procedures analyzed by CEAs has improved. Study Design Level IV, systematic review.
Abstract PR-008: Identification and characterization of the molecular mechanisms of SCLC chemo-radiation resistance

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is among the most aggressive form of lung malignancies and accounts for 15-20% of all lung cancers. It has the tendency to metastasize early, thus limited-stage SCLC patients still receive systemic treatment with chemo-radiotherapy (chemoXRT) for their localized disease. SCLC is exceptionally sensitive to chemoXRT and exhibits high response rates; however, the recurrence rate is almost 100% and patients relapse with tumors that resist further treatments. Elucidating mechanisms of chemoXRT resistance in SCLC is needed to develop improved therapies and positively impact patient outcomes. To better interrogate mechanisms of chemoXRT resistance, we developed a SCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in vivo system for the major molecular subtypes of SCLC (classic and variant). Briefly, PDX tumor bearing mice were treated with: 1) vehicle control; 2) cisplatin plus etoposide (EP); 3) radiotherapy (XRT); and 4) both EP/XRT. A major response was observed within the EP/XRT arm compared to vehicle or single therapy arms. Whole transcriptome profiling among all treatment arms revealed molecular pathways and biological processes associated with chemoXRT resistance. Also, by comparing our data with two previous SCLC patient cohort studies, we identified gene candidates for functional validation of chemoXRT resistance (i.e. ST6GAL1, TNIK and SOHLH2). To enable real-time cellular and molecular analysis of PDX behavior ex vivo and to validate SCLC chemoXRT resistance candidate genes, we established a novel PDX organoid (PDO) model to study the molecular underpinnings of XRT resistance in SCLC. Classic and variant SCLC PDOs still retained the cellular, DNA and RNA markers consistent with their parental PDX molecular subtype classification using array comparative genomic hybridization and RNA-sequencing. We aim to utilize our novel SCLC PDX/PDO models as a tool to identify and validate candidates for chemoXRT resistance to be used as biomarkers and targets to combat chemoXRT resistance in SCLC. Citation Format: Francesca Anna Carrieri, Nick Connis, Eloise Grasset, Eddie Luidy-Imada, Andrew Ewald, Luigi Marchionni, Christine Hann, Phuoc T. Tran. Identification and characterization of the molecular mechanisms of SCLC chemo-radiation resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PR-008.
A reexamination of liquid-solid adsorption in gas-liquid chromatography

This paper presents a critical evaluation of the method of Berezkin and Fateeva for the calculation of retention mechanism contributions to the overall retention, when several mechanisms can simultaneously occur. Using data from out laboratory of nonelectrolytes chromatographed on H2O/Spherosil XOB30 columns, it is shown that very large errors can be made in the estimation of % contribution of liquid-solid adsorption to the overall retention, using the above approach. While this mechanism undoubtedly occurs in some gas chroamtographic systems, it appears unlikely that it has the importance claimed by the above authors.
Simple and rapid color screening tests for flunitrazepam (Rohypnol).

Three new color/screening tests for flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) are reported. The two-step tests are simple, sensitive, highly specific, and effective for both cut and uncut flunitrazepam and standard over-the-counter preparations of flunitrazepam (i.e., Rohypnol tablets).
A Robotic Return to the Moon

The autonomous lunar precursor mission presently proposed for low cost manned revisits to the lunar surface, designated 'Lunar Oasis by Automation and Robotics', employs two self-similar robotic vehicles, and three experimental 'biovolumes' which are directly derived from the lunar landers that are initially entrusted with fulfilling mission hardware-delivery requirements. The two vehicles would support the experimental biovolumes by returning resources for use in physicochemical or biological processing. Delivered resources would be combined with those in situ to furnish reconfigured biovolumes with the capabilities for autonomous biological growth and wastes-reprocessing demonstrations.
New Dimensions in Physical Activity for Children with Asthma and other Respiratory Conditions

(1972). New Dimensions in Physical Activity for Children with Asthma and other Respiratory Conditions. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 75-77.
Partial Substitution of Serum in Hematopoietic Cell Line Media by Synthetic Polymers

Several synthetic polymers (hydroxyethyl starch, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone) markedly improved the growth of three human lymphocyte cell lines [Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1348, 1788, and 8098]. Growth was stimulated when each of these polymers was added to RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with only 2% fetal bovine serum. Dextran T-40, T-70, and T-110 varied in their effect on the growth of these cell lines. Dextran T-250 and Haemaccel did not improve cell yields when partially substituted for the serum. The successful partial substitution of polymers for serum was specific for individual cell lines.
An energy-efficient virtual MIMO architecture based on V-BLAST processing for distributed wireless sensor networks

An energy-efficient virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication architecture based on V-BLAST receiver processing is proposed for energy-constrained, distributed wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme does not require transmitter-side sensor cooperation unlike previously proposed virtual MlMO schemes for wireless sensor networks. In sensor networks with single-antenna data gathering nodes, the virtual MIMO operation is realized via the receiver-side local communication assuming node cooperation. Numerical results show that the significant energy savings are offered by the proposed virtual MIMO architecture in distributed wireless sensor networks. These results also indicate that while rate optimization over transmission distance may offer improved energy efficiencies in some cases, this is not essential in achieving energy savings as opposed to previously proposed Alamouti scheme-based virtual MIMO implementations. In fact, in most scenarios a fixed-rate virtual MIMO system with binary phase-shift-keying (BPSK) can achieve performance very close to that of a variable-rate system with optimized rates. However, these results also indicate that the proposed scheme can lead to larger delay penalties compared to a traditional SISO communication based sensor network as the order of the virtual MIMO architecture grows. This results in a trade-off between the achievable energy efficiency and the delay incurred, making the proposed virtual V-BLAST based MIMO scheme an especially good candidate communication architecture for energy-starved and delay-tolerant wireless sensor networks having no inter-sensor communication.
Catheterization laboratory activation during mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation: when should we say "No?".

Sudden cardiac arrest is a devastating manifestation of coronary artery disease and a leading cause of death in the western world. Early and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation is essential for return of spontaneous circulation. If manual compression is ongoing and return of spontaneous circulation has not been achieved, the prognosis is poor, and the logistics of performing cardiac catheterization are forbidding. With the advent of mechanical chest compression, however, this clinical scenario has become much more complex. Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, although still cumbersome, has been established as feasible with ongoing mechanical chest compression. This article discusses the strengths and pitfalls of mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation, our experience, and current evidence behind activation of the catheterization laboratory with ongoing mechanical chest compression. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A note on recurrence, amenability, and the universal cover of graphs

Given a regular graph G, and its unversal covering tree T, we give conditions which relate recurrence and amenability of G to the size of a certain subset R of the Martin boundary of T. In particular, G is recurrent if and only if R has full harmonic measure; G is amenable if and only if R has full Hausdorff demension.
Mutational effects on inclusion body formation.

Publisher Summary Inclusion body formation has been studied most extensively in Escherichia coli ( E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium , but the phenomenon is not isolated to prokaryotes. Inclusion bodies have been detected in eukaryotic cells, for example, in diseased human hepatocytes and inside algal chloroplasts. In bacteria, inclusion bodies have been observed to span the full width of a cell. The recognition of the nature of aggregation upon dilution from denaturant left open the question of the origin of inclusion bodies formed from newly synthesized proteins within cells. Intracellular protein deposits, such as Heinz bodies had been identified as associated with specific amino acid substitutions, but these findings from pathology were not initially recognized as protein misfolding. Investigation of the intracellular folding of the P22 tail spike provided direct evidence, that inclusion bodies were derived from the in vivo association of partially folded intermediates. Studies with interferon and interleukin expressed in E. coli confirmed that single amino acid substitutions could influence misfolding and aggregation pathways. This chapter reviews these efforts to isolate mutations affecting intracellular chain folding and other studies related to them.
The Education of Pediatricians for Primary Care: The Score After Two Score Years

In a 1973 monograph on the education of physicians for primary care, Joel Alpert and I wrote, "There are two interrelated and serious problems in our present educational structure—not enough physicians enter primary care and those who do so are not adequately prepared for the job."1 Twenty years and many task forces and exhortatory editorials later, much the same could be said. But that conclusion would not be entirely fair: changes have indeed occurred in the subsequent two score years. There is now clear consensus that a strong primary care system should be the linchpin of our nation9s health care system, with 50 to 60% of physicians as generalists, 2,3 and the medical profession has at least professed to agree with that strategy.4
Culturally Responsive and Anti-Biased Teaching Benefits Early Childhood Pre-Service Teachers,

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine pre-service teachers’ perceptions of a culturally responsive,anti-bias curriculum. Additionally, this study explored how the use of culturally responsive course work influenced theparticipating pre-service teachers’ perceptions. Responses to both pre and post-teaching open ended questions, weeklyreflective writings, evaluation of a children’s books, and notes from the researcher’s observation were analyzedqualitatively. Pre-teaching data showed that pre-service teachers had a rather superficial understanding of an anti-biascurriculum. However, post-teaching data showed that after experiencing culturally responsive curricula, pre-serviceteachers not only developed a better understanding of anti-bias curriculum, but they also gained essentialself-awareness in diversity contexts.
Experimental investigation of gas-water relative permeability for gas-hydrate-bearing sediments from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope

Abstract Permeability of hydrate reservoirs found in nature is likely to be heavily influenced by the percent of the pore volume occupied by hydrates. The quantification of how hydrate saturation affects permeability is of key interest for reservoir engineering studies. In this study, an experimental setup was modified to test permeability characteristics of unconsolidated core samples containing various saturations of methane hydrates. Hydrates were formed in the unconsolidated samples using a refrigerated core holder connected to a brine and methane injection system. Studies of this type conducted to date have rarely been performed on core samples recovered from actual hydrate-bearing sedimentary sections from natural hydrate intervals. Samples from the Mount Elbert site on the Alaska North Slope (ANS) were used for this study. Relative permeability measurements using hydrate constituent components (e.g. water and methane) are not very desirable due to difficulties in preventing additional hydrate formation during displacement experiments. Relative permeability measurements performed with hydrate constituent components (e.g. water and nitrogen) can help to significantly mitigate issues with additional hydrate formation. However, unsteady state relative permeability experiments produce piston like displacement results suggesting that steady state experiments might be preferable. It was observed that as in previous work using consolidated core samples, permeability of both brine and gases was reduced in unconsolidated hydrate-bearing core samples. Experimental results show that low to moderate hydrate saturations (1.5 to 36%) can significantly reduce permeability of porous media. These saturations, in fact, are lower than hydrate saturations observed in the natural hydrate systems at Mount Elbert.
Cavitation boundary shapes for submerged short journal bearings using Newtonian lubricants

Cavitation boundary shapes for submerged short journal bearings are investigated in this study. In this analysis, the Reynolds lubrication equation is approximated by using the bearing slenderness ratio as a small parameter. The slenderness ratio appears explicitly in the Reynolds lubrication equation. The lubrication equation is solved subjected to the boundary condition of a subambient value for the cavitation pressure and the additional Reynolds’ free-surface boundary condition along the unknown cavitation boundary. The Ocvirk short bearing solution is shown to fail near the leading edge of the cavitation region, and a matched asymptotic theory is used to determine the shape and location of this cavitated region. Cavitation bubble location and size are shown to depend on bearing aspect ratio, journal eccentricity, and cavitation pressure. Finally the present journal bearing analysis is limited to those cases where the cavitation region has a large axial extent.
New ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Air and Liquid Cooling

This presentation provides a tutorial on ASHRAE thermal guidelines for both air and liquid cooling.
Prognostic Significance of Postprocedural Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia or Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (from the HORIZONS-AMI Trial)

The prognostic significance of postprocedure sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has rarely been studied, although a previous study has suggested that its occurrence portends decreased survival. We examined outcomes from the prospective large-scale multicenter randomized HORIZONS-AMI trial to evaluate the incidence, clinical correlates, and outcomes of in-hospital sustained VT/VF after PPCI. Of 3,485 patients undergoing PPCI in whom VT/VF did not occur before or during the procedure, 181 patients (5.2%) developed VT/VF after PPCI. Most postprocedural VT/VF episodes (85%) occurred in the first 48 hours. Patients with postprocedural VT/VF were more likely men with Killip class >I on presentation but had a lower prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Patients with postprocedural VT/VF were also less frequently taking β blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers at admission. Mean door-to-balloon time was shorter and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 0 flow before PPCI was more common in patients with VT/VF, although Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow rates after PPCI did not vary. There were no significant differences in adjusted 3-year rates of mortality (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.30 to 1.79) or composite major adverse clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, or stroke; hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 1.15) in patients with versus without postprocedural sustained VT/VF. In conclusion, sustained VT/VF after PPCI in the HORIZONS-AMI trial was not significantly associated with 3-year mortality or major adverse clinical events. Further studies are required to address the prognostic significance of VT/VF in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI.