cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turbulent coaxial jet mixing in a constant area duct.

angle of attack from 7°-10° increases the pressure level in the 100-Hz frequency band by almost 30 db and that a change from 10°-12° decreases the level in the 1000-Hz band by about 20 db. It appears that a stall-warning system need not necessarily use the FPL spectrum in the entire audio-frequency range. One may generally obtain positive identification of a spectrum at a given air speed by observing the fluctuating-pressure signal in only two one-third octave bands. In the design of a warning system for stall at a wide range of speeds, the effects of flowspeed are also an important consideration. In scaling the FPL spectra, one takes the flow speed into account by referring the fluctuating pressure to the freestream dynamic pressure q = p Uoo/2 and referring the frequency to £/«>// (where / represents a characteristic length dimension). Figure 6 indicates how a spectrum may be expected to change with airspeed and also shows a number of possibilities as to how one might shift a level/frequency detection window of a stall-warning system to account for these speed -associated spectrum shifts. Thus, detection of incipient stall by means of microphones flush-mounted at properly selected locations on the upper surfaces of aircraft wings appears feasible. The greatest and most easily detectable changes in the fluctuating-pressure spectrum sensed by a microphone occur as the flow reattachment line passes over the microphone; therefore, microphones located where reattachment occurs at a critical angle of attack (at a given speed) are particularly well-suited for detecting when the aircraft reaches that critical angle. In designing a stall-detection system, one must also ensure that acoustic noise, such as results primarily from the propulsion system, does not mask the fluctuating-pressure signal used as the basis for stall detection. In many aircraft, the fluctuating-pressure spectrum at reattachment greatly exceeds that due to noise and thus the problem of masking is resolved; however, where this condition does not exist, additional signal processing (e.g., narrowband filtering, correlation, or averaging of signals from two sensors) may be used to extract the desired signal.
Implementing Institute of Medicine Future of Nursing Recommendations: A Model for Transforming Nurse Practitioner Privileges

The Institute of Medicine Future of Nursing report created a sense of urgency to remove barriers preventing advanced practice RNs from practicing to their full scope of practice. With the chief nursing officer as catalyst for change, this article describes a collaborative model and process that resulted in expanded clinical privileges for nurse practitioners in an integrated healthcare system.
Stress Field Evaluation in Photoelastic Anisotropic Materials: Experimental Numerical Technique

An experimental numerical technique is developed for stress field evalua tion in photoelastic anisotropic materials. The method is based on using ex perimental data and basic equations of elasticity to obtain an overdetermined solution. Applications of the experimental numerical technique for stress field evaluation in disk under diametral pressure and balanced laminate coupon under tension is presented. Good agreement with the available theoretical solution for the first example was found. An ability of the present method to overcome some inaccuracy in experimental data near free bound ary is shown.
Using Multi-Criteria Decision Models to Assess the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Farming Decisions in an Agricultural Watershed

This paper reports on the integration of a farm decision model with a watershed biophysical model to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of farming decisions in an agricultural watershed. A baseline, one uncoordinated and four watershed-level coordinated decision scenarios were evaluated and compared as alternative ways of managing the significant tradeoffs expected when multiple conflict management objectives exist. The four coordinated scenarios outperform the uncoordinated one in terms of economic returns and key environmental impacts. The study's findings contribute to the understanding of biophysical and economic processes in agricultural watersheds.
Surgical management of a paraclinoid aneurysm containing a displaced neuroform microstent: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE: We report the first case of clip obliteration of a cerebral aneurysm containing a displaced microstent. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of headaches. She had no other neurological symptoms, and her examination was normal. A computed tomographic scan showed no evidence of hemorrhage. Angiography confirmed the presence of a large left paraclinoid aneurysm. INTERVENTION: The patient initially underwent attempted endovascular repair of the aneurysm. A Neuroform microstent (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA), which was placed across the aneurysm neck, migrated into the aneurysm upon passing through it with the microcatheter to be used to place coils. This left the proximal half of the stent in the aneurysm and the distal half in the internal carotid artery. Attempts to remove the stent and to place a second stent across the neck of the aneurysm failed, and any plans to place coils were aborted. Three months after the failed endovascular procedure, the patient consented to a craniotomy. The aneurysm was successfully obliterated by placing several clips directly across the neck of the aneurysm and leaving the stent in place. CONCLUSION: The patient experienced an excellent clinical and angiographic outcome. Although not the ideal treatment strategy, this report illustrates that clip obliteration of aneurysms containing displaced microstents can be performed successfully for this complication of endovascular treatment.
Categoriality and Object Extraction in Cantonese Serial Verb Constructions

The Cantonese ‘coverb’ construction, a serial verb construction in which the first verb (the ‘coverb’) has a preposition-like meaning and function, presents a challenge for theories of wh-dependencies and island constraints. Coverbs resist extraction of their objects by topicalization or relativization, a fact which has often been explained in terms of a preposition-stranding constraint in accounts of similar facts in Mandarin. However, Cantonese coverbs display the morphosyntactic properties of verbs, suggesting that they cannot be prepositions. In this paper, we propose that coverbs are verbs, and that the relevant extraction constraint is a kind of adjunct island constraint. This proposal is supported with experimental evidence from a sentence judgment task. Two key findings are as follows: (1) listeners judged extraction from a coverb phrase as significantly less acceptable than extraction from a simple clause; (2) listeners judged sentences both with and without aspectual marking (verbal morphosyntax) on the coverb as highly acceptable. Together, these findings support our proposal that coverbs are verbs (not prepositions) and that coverb phrases form a kind of adjunct island. However, we show that existing adjunct island conditions (such as the CED) are not adequate to account for our data. Following Hawkins’ (1999) processing-based theory of filler-gap dependencies, we propose a simple, language-specific formulation of the extraction constraint, and we argue that this constraint is more generally motivated by a processing principle called Avoid Competing Subcategorizers – one of the same principles that motivates preposition-stranding constraints in other languages. Thus, although object extraction is prohibited by a kind of adjunct island constraint, the function of the constraint in processing efficiency is similar to that of a preposition-stranding constraint.
Auditory In-Vehicle Routing and Navigation Systems and Facilitating Cognitive Map Development

Use of in-vehicle routing and navigational systems (IRANS) is on the rise. IRANS may place additional informational processing demands on drivers thus compromising safety. Driving requires extensive visual processing and therefore auditory route guidance (ARG) systems have important safety advantages. However, relative to visual guidance formats, little attention has been focused on the design components of ARG formats. The current investigation examined the relative impact of three different ARG formats (traditional, cardinal, and landmark) on drivers' ability to learn novel routes through unfamiliar areas in a driving simulator. Results indicated that the inclusion of salient landmark information in ARG instructions facilitated route learning ability for a majority of drivers, relative to traditional ARG information and the inclusion of cardinal directions. Application of these results has the potential to increase transportation safety by decreasing the attentional processing requirements and distracti...
The impact of selective use of dipyridamole-thallium scans and surgical factors on the current morbidity of aortic surgery.

Abstract Preoperative cardiac testing in patients undergoing vascular surgery remains controversial. We have advocated selective use of dipyridamole-thallium scans based on clinical markers of coronary artery disease before aortic surgery. The present study assessed both the efficacy of this policy and the role of surgical factors in the current morbidity of aortic reconstruction. Two hundred two elective aortic reconstructions (151 abdominal aortic aneurysms, 51 aortoiliac occlusive disease) performed in the period from January 1989 to June 1990 were reviewed. Preoperative dipyridamole-thallium scanning was performed in 29% of all patients, prompting coronary angiograms in 11% and coronary artery bypass grafting/percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 9% of patients before aortic reconstruction. The overall operative mortality rate was 2%, with one cardiac-related death. Major cardiac (nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina) and pulmonary complications occurred in an additional 4% and 6%, respectively, of patients. Coronary artery disease clinical markers and surgical factors were analyzed with stepwise logistic regression for the prediction of operative mortality rates and major cardiopulmonary complications. Variables retaining significance in predicting postoperative death or cardiopulmonary complications included prolonged (more than 5-hour) operative time ( p p p p p
Bmp6 and Bmp7 are required for cushion formation and septation in the developing mouse heart.

Abstract The mature heart valves and septa are derived from the cardiac cushions which initially form as local outgrowths of mesenchymal cells within the outflow tract and atrioventricular regions. Endocardial cells respond to signals from the overlying myocardium and undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation to invade the intervening extracellular matrix. The molecules that can induce and maintain these cell populations are not known, but many candidates, including several TGFβs and BMPs, have been proposed based on their expression patterns and activities in other systems. In the present study, we describe the expression of Bmp6 and Bmp7 in overlapping and adjacent sites, including the cardiac cushions during mouse embryonic development. Previous analyses demonstrate that neither of these BMPs is required during cardiogenesis, but analysis of Bmp6;Bmp7 double mutants uncovers a marked delay in the formation of the outflow tract endocardial cushions. A proportion of Bmp6;Bmp7 mutants also display defects in valve morphogenesis and chamber septation, and the embryos die between 10.5 and 15.5 dpc due to cardiac insufficiency. These data provide the first genetic evidence that BMPs are involved in the formation of the cardiac cushions.
Yield, Quality, and Persistence of Grazing- and Hay-Type Alfalfa under Three Harvest Frequencies

Producers in the lower Midwest often plant grazing-type alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars assuming they can withstand frequent hay harvests. However, little research has examined the long-term effects of frequent hay harvests on grazing-type compared with hay-type alfalfa. Our objective was to determine how cultivar-type and harvest frequency change long-term alfalfa yields, quality, and stand persistence. 'Alfagraze' (grazing-type), 'Pioneer 5373' (modern, multipest resistant hay-type), and 'Cody' (older hay-type) alfalfa were seeded on 1 Apr. 1994, near Mt. Vernon, MO. Cultivars were main plots, and four, five, or six harvests before 15 September (42, 34, and 28 d between harvests, respectively) were subplots in a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement. Cumulatively, over 5 yr, Pioneer 5373 produced 6% (2.8 Mg ha -1 ) more forage than Alfagraze and 10% (5.0 Mg ha -1 ) more than Cody. Alfalfa harvested four times yielded 7% (0.8 Mg ha -1 ) more per year than when harvested five times, and 28% (3.1 Mg ha -1 ) more than when harvested six times. Alfagraze and the hay-types yielded equally when harvested six times. Alfagraze usually had equal or lower detergent fiber, and equal or greater crude protein (CP) concentrations than other cultivars. Harvesting more frequently improved forage quality but had little impact on plant density. We concluded that a grazing-type, like Alfagraze, does not show a yield or persistence advantage over a modern hay-type under frequent hay harvest regimes in the lower Midwest. However, the grazing-type used in this study often had superior forage quality.
A patch that imparts unconditional stability to explicit integrators for Langevin-like equations

This paper extends the results in [8] to stochastic differential equations (SDEs) arising in molecular dynamics. It implements a patch to explicit integrators that consists of a Metropolis-Hastings step. The 'patched integrator' preserves the SDE's equilibrium distribution and is accurate on finite time intervals. As a corollary this paper proves the integrator's accuracy in estimating finite-time dynamics along an infinitely long solution - a first in molecular dynamics. The paper also covers multiple time-steps, holonomic constraints and scalability. Finally, the paper provides numerical tests supporting the theory.
Persistence of peptide-induced CD4+ T cell anergy in vitro.

Clonal T cell unresponsiveness, or anergy, has been proposed as a mechanism of peripheral tolerance in vivo, and as a potential means of curbing unwanted T cell responses. In this study, anergy was induced in a T helper cell (Th) clone reactive to hemoglobin (Hb) peptide 64–76 by coculture of the T cells with live antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and 74L, a peptide analog of Hb(64–76) that contains a single amino acid substitution of leucine for glycine at position 74, or with a low concentration of the agonist ligand. The anergic state was characterized by blunted proliferation and interleukin (IL) 2 production upon restimulation with Hb(64–76), and was not the result of impaired TCR/CD3 downmodulation. The addition of exogenous IL-12 transiently restored proliferation of the anergic lines, but removal of IL-12 from culture returned the T cells to their nonproliferative state. Interestingly, persistence of the anergic phenotype was observed despite biweekly restimulation with antigen, APCs, and IL-2. Thus, T cell unresponsiveness induced by a peptide produced a stable, persistent anergic state in a Th0 clone that was not reversible by stimulation with IL-2 or -12.
Actor frameworks for the JVM platform: a comparative analysis

The problem of programming scalable multicore processors has renewed interest in message-passing languages and frameworks. Such languages and frameworks are typically actor-oriented, implementing some variant of the standard Actor semantics. This paper analyzes some of the more significant efforts to build actor-oriented frameworks for the JVM platform. It compares the frameworks in terms of their execution semantics, the communication and synchronization abstractions provided, and the representations used in the implementations. It analyzes the performance of actor-oriented frameworks to determine the costs of supporting different actor properties on JVM. The analysis suggests that with suitable optimizations, standard Actor semantics and some useful communication and synchronization abstractions may be supported with reasonable efficiency on the JVM platform.
Iterative projection onto convex sets for quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Purpose Quantitative susceptibility map (QSM) reconstruction is ill posed due to the zero values on the “magic angle cone” that make the maps prone to streaking artifacts. We propose projection onto convex sets (POCS) in the method of steepest descent (SD) for QSM reconstruction. Methods Two convex projections, an object-support projection in the image domain and a projection in k-space were used. QSM reconstruction using the proposed SD-POCS method was compared with SD and POCS alone as well as with truncated k-space division (TKD) for numerically simulated and 7 Tesla (T) human brain phase data. Results The QSM reconstruction error from noise-free simulated phase data using SD-POCS is at least two orders of magnitude lower than using SD, POCS, or TKD and has reduced streaking artifacts. Using the l1-TV reconstructed susceptibility as a gold standard for 7T in vivo imaging, SD-POCS showed better image quality comparing to SD, POCS, or TKD from visual inspection. Conclusion POCS is an alternative method for regularization that can be used in an iterative minimization method such as SD for QSM reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 73:697–703, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal design of integrated circuit devices

An analytical solution derived by the authors (1986) for the thermal analysis of multisource, four-layer ICs has been useful in simulating device thermal properties. However, in the simulation of structures with large chip-to-heat-source size ratios, the computer program based on the exact solution requires a substantial amount of CPU time, making it impossible to carry out real-time thermal design of ICs having large numbers of small heat sources. A method is presented for the computer-aided thermal design of ICs in real time. This method uses a multiple regression technique whose input is the thermal profile due to a unit heat source over a multilayered unit structure. The profile in two dimensions is matched to an equation having several parameters. The temperature profiles of other devices having the same layered structure is computed by superposing the profile generated by the matched equation, shifted in position according to the source location and weighted by the source power. >
Extensive allelic variation in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Abstract The orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (OMPPase) gene locus of the DNA of 13 Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans strains, including 10 recent clinical isolates, was studied by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms and nucleotide sequence analysis. The OMPPase locus (URA5) is highly polymorphic, and at least six alleles were identified. The nucleotide sequences of some alleles differed by up to 5%. The majority of the nucleotide polymorphisms in the protein-coding region occurred at the third codon position and were silent. The low frequency of replacement nucleotide substitutions relative to silent nucleotide substitutions implied that there is strong selection against amino acid changes in OMPPase. The allelic variation suggested that there is extensive genomic diversity among C. neoformans clinical isolates from one geographic area. The various alleles are potentially useful markers in the study of the population structure, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of C. neoformans strains.
Simulation of ring oscillators using the harmonic balance method

The application of the harmonic balance method to simulation of ring oscillators is difficult due to their highly non-linear operation. Different variants of the harmonic balance method are compared for the simulation of ring oscillators. The two-level method is found to be the most efficient and robust algorithm for a wide variety of ring oscillator circuits.
Moving Beyond the College-Preparatory High School Model to a College-Going Culture in Urban Catholic High Schools

This Focus Section Article is brought to you for free with open access by the School of Education at Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount Universityand Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for publication in Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice by the journal's editorial boardand has been published on the web by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. Formore information about Digital Commons, please contactdigitalcommons@lmu.edu. To contact the editorial board of Catholic Education: A Journalof Inquiry and Practice, please emailCatholicEdJournal@lmu.edu.
Home Ventilator Low-Pressure Alarms Fail To Detect Accidental Decannulation With Pediatric Tracheostomy Tubes

Background: Positive-pressure ventilators are equipped with low-inspiratory-pressure alarms to protect patients from hypoventilation. Small uncuffed tracheostomy tubes have a high resistance, and may not trigger these alarms during decannulation. Study objective: To determine whether ventilator low-inspiratory-pressure alarms are effective in detecting tracheostomy decannulation. Design: We connected tracheostomy tubes of varying inner diameters (3.0 to 6.0 mm) to a home ventilator and simulated decannulation using low (tidal volume [VT], 600 mL; peak inspiratory pressure [PIP], 25 cm H2O), medium (VT, 800 mL; PIP, 30 cm H2O), and high (VT, 1,000 mL; PIP, 35 cm H2O) ventilator settings. Results: When the ventilator low-inspiratory-pressure alarm was set at 4 cm H2O below the desired PIP, it failed to alarm for simulated decannulation of tracheostomy tubes < 4.5 mm on low and medium settings, and < 4.0 mm on high settings. When the ventilator low-inspiratorypressure alarm was set at 10 cm H2O below the desired PIP, it failed to alarm with tracheostomy tubes < 6.0 mm. Conclusion: We conclude that ventilator low-inspiratory-pressure alarms fail to alarm during simulated decannulation with small tracheostomy tubes commonly used in children. We speculate that low-inspiratory-pressure alarms set at 4 cm H2O below the desired PIP will detect more decannulation than when set at 10 cm H2O below the desired PIP. (CHEST 2001; 119:562‐564)
Inappropriate use of neurally adjusted ventilator assist.

Neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) is a ventilator mode based on providing assistance to the patient in proportion to the electrical activity of the diaphragm. NAVA may improve patient–ventilator interactions. We describe a very complex case of a child with a permanent ventricular assist device where we attempted to use NAVA during the weaning process and then realised that it was impossible to use.
The Related Adaptors, Adaptor in Lymphocytes of Unknown Function X and Rlk/Itk-Binding Protein, Have Nonredundant Functions in Lymphocytes

Adaptors play a critical role in regulating signaling pathways that control lymphocyte development and activation. Adaptor in lymphocytes of unknown function X (ALX) and Rlk/Itk-binding protein (RIBP) are adaptors related by structure and sequence, coexpressed in T cells. Mice deficient for each adaptor demonstrated that ALX and RIBP, respectively, negatively and positively regulate T cell activation in response to TCR/CD28 stimulation. However, these results did not preclude that they may function redundantly in other cell populations, or in response to other stimuli. Therefore, to understand the relationship between these related adaptors, ALX/RIBP-deficient mice were generated. We demonstrate that although ALX and RIBP are expressed throughout T cell development, T cell development occurs normally in these mice. Using the H-Y TCR transgenic model, positive and negative selection were found to proceed unimpeded in the absence of ALX and RIBP. We demonstrate that RIBP is also expressed in B cells; however, RIBP- and ALX/RIBP-deficient mice had normal B cell development, and responded equivalently to wild type in response to IgM, CD40, B cell-activating factor/B lymphocyte stimulator, CpG, and LPS. Interestingly, T cells deficient in both ALX and RIBP behaved similarly to those deficient in ALX alone during T cell activation in response to TCR/CD28, exhibiting increased IL-2 production, CD25 expression, and proliferation, thus showing that ALX deficiency masked the effect of RIBP deficiency. ALX/RIBP-deficient T cells did not have any alterations in either activation-induced cell death or Th1/2 polarization. Therefore, we did not find any functional redundancy or synergy during lymphocyte development, selection, activation, or survival in ALX/RIBP-deficient mice, demonstrating that these molecules function independently.
What No Child Left Behind Leaves Behind: The Roles of IQ and Self-Control in Predicting Standardized Achievement Test Scores and Report Card Grades

The increasing prominence of standardized testing to assess student learning motivated the current investigation. We propose that standardized achievement test scores assess competencies determined more by intelligence than by self-control, whereas report card grades assess competencies determined more by self-control than by intelligence. In particular, we suggest that intelligence helps students learn and solve problems independent of formal instruction, whereas self-control helps students study, complete homework, and behave positively in the classroom. Two longitudinal, prospective studies of middle school students support predictions from this model. In both samples, IQ predicted changes in standardized achievement test scores over time better than did self-control, whereas self-control predicted changes in report card grades over time better than did IQ. As expected, the effect of self-control on changes in report card grades was mediated in Study 2 by teacher ratings of homework completion and classroom conduct. In a third study, ratings of middle school teachers about the content and purpose of standardized achievement tests and report card grades were consistent with the proposed model. Implications for pedagogy and public policy are discussed.
Targeting multiple pathways in breast cancer

SUMMARY Breast cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent disease. Worldwide, it is the most common cancer diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer death in women, making this disease a very important focus of interest and research. There is great heterogeneity in clinical outcomes among women diagnosed with BC, possibly indicating that biological heterogeneity is a major factor interfering with tumor development and progression. Presently, it is known that specific genetic expression patterns divide BC into distinct molecular subtypes. In fact, a better understanding of molecular profiles in BC and more advances in biological technology has divided each BC subtype further into additional subcategories. This means that more pathways are being recognized as important drivers or contributors to BC development and progression. The implication in BC treatment and management can be enormous. A more complete knowledge of the biology of the tumor has many implications. Development of therapies that specifically target t...
Optical flow based Head Movement and Gesture Analyzer (OHMeGA)

Automatically identifying and analyzing head gestures is useful in many situations like smart meeting rooms and intelligent driver assistance. In this paper, we show that head movements can be broken into its elemental forms (i.e. moving and fixation states) and combinations of these elemental forms give rise to various head gestures. Our approach which we term, Optical flow based Head Movement and Gesture Analyzer (OHMeGA), segments head gestures into moving and fixation states using optical flow tracking and intermittent head pose estimation. OHMeGA runs in real-time, is simple to implement and set up, is robust and is accurate. Furthermore, segmenting head gestures into its elemental forms gives access to higher level semantic information such as fixation time and rate of head motion. Experimental analysis shows promising results.
Stable and Efficient Computational Methods for Dynamic Programming

Dynamic programming is the foundation of dynamic economic analysis and often requires numerical solution methods. Standard methods are either slow or unstable. These instabilities are avoided when one uses modern methods from numerical optimization and approximation. Furthermore, large dynamic programming problems can be solved by using modern parallel computing architectures. (JEL: K23, L26, L51)
The ‘policy turn’ in the Third Wave: return to the fact–value dichotomy?

The publication of ‘The Politics and Policy of the Third Wave: New Technologies and Society’ by Harry Collins, Martin Weinel and Robert Evans in Critical Policy Studies and the responses that follo...
Structure-dependence of the chirp-to-power ratio spectrum for GaAs external cavity lasers

The chirp-to-power ratio (CPR) spectrum has been modeled for GaAs quantum well external cavity lasers. The model includes effects of transverse carrier spatial hole burning, finite carrier transport and capture time from the separate confinement-heterostructure (SCH) region to the quantum well region, and intrinsic material gain compression. The model explains the measured difference of the phase of the CPR at low modulation frequencies between GaAs quantum well and channel-substrate planar (CSP) lasers both in extended cavities. Our results indicate that the carrier effect in the SCH region can make a major contribution to the CPR. >
Euclidean formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics

In this paper, we discuss a formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics that uses model Euclidean Green functions or their generating functional as input. This formalism has a close relation to quantum field theory, but as a theory of linear operators on a Hilbert space, it has the advantages of quantum mechanics. One interesting feature of this approach is that matrix elements of operators in normalizable states on the physical Hilbert space can be calculated directly using the Euclidean Green functions without performing an analytic continuation. The formalism is summarized in this paper. We discuss the motivation, advantages, and difficulties in using this formalism. We discuss how to compute bound states, scattering cross sections, and finite Poincar\'e transformations without using analytic continuation. A toy model is used to demonstrate how matrix elements of ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}H}$ in normalizable states can be used to construct sharp-momentum transition-matrix elements.
The Cultural Transformation of a Native American Family and Its Tribe: 1763–1995, a Basket of Apples

The Cultural Transformation of a Native American Family and Its Tribe: 1763–1995, a Basket of Apples. Joel Spring. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996. 210 pp.
Laparoscopic Repair of Paraesophageal Hernias with a Falciform Ligament Buttress

Buttressing the crura in paraesophageal hernia (PEH) repairs with synthetic mesh may be associated with erosions and dysphagia, while biologic buttresses are expensive and do not decrease long-term recurrence rates. This study documents outcomes following laparoscopic PEH repairs using the falciform ligament as a buttress. This is a prospective study of laparoscopic PEH repairs with a falciform ligament buttress. Preoperatively and at 6 months follow-up, medications, radiologic studies and symptom scores were recorded. Patients included had a hiatal defect greater than 5 cm, while recurrent PEH or prior gastric surgery patients were excluded. Thirty-four patients were included with a mean age of 61 years, and 33 patients completed postoperative evaluation with a mean follow-up of 7.1 months. The mean symptom severity decreased from 11.24 ± 1.71 to 3.24 ± 0.84, mean symptom frequency decreased from 11.62 ± 1.70 to 3.45 ± 0.85, and mean total symptom score decreased from 22.85 ± 3.40 to 6.69 ± 1.69 (p < 0.0001). Three patients had recurrences on the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series. Only one required reoperation. Laparoscopic PEH repair with a falciform ligament buttress is a viable option. Ongoing follow-up will demonstrate the utility of this approach to decrease morbidity and recurrence rates for paraesophageal hernia repairs.
Breastfeeding in Sub-Saharan Africa: Still the Best Despite the Risk of HIV

In the 1980s, the finding that HIV can be transmitted through breast milk resulted in heated controversies over the potential benefits of breastfeeding versus bottle-feeding for HIV-positive mothers in resource-poor settings such as in Africa. The early part of the 1990s was marked by ambiguity, uncertainty and fear about the rising rates of paediatric HIV/AIDS due to mother-to-child transmission. By the late 1990s, the results of various epidemiological studies had shown that, in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-free survival was similar for breastfed versus bottle-fed infants. By the turn of the century, it was clear that breastfeeding was best practised exclusively as breast milk supplementation before the infant was 6 months old increased the risk of HIV transmission. At the close of this decade, the results of epidemiological research indicate that, compared to replacement feeding, exclusive breastfeeding and antiretroviral therapy (ART) result in similar HIV-free survival. Breastfeeding, in conjunction with ART, is considered the best intervention in resource-poor settings as it reduces the risk of HIV transmission through breast milk and has the added advantage of improving the HIV-positive mother’s health. Looking ahead, the provision of consistent information about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, coupled with early ART initiation, will be critical in efforts to improve child health and survival in the context of HIV/AIDS.
Advances in the Treatment of Oligometastatic Disease:: What the Radiologist Needs to Know to Guide Patient Management

Rationale and Objectives An ever-expanding body of biological, genetic, and clinical evidence has brought to light the presence of the oligometastatic state of cancer, which is considered between localized disease and widespread metastases. Indeed, in some patients with oligometastatic disease, curative therapy is possible. Conclusions For select cancer histologies, aggressive focal therapy of oligometastatic lesions is already the clinical standard of care (i.e. colorectal cancer and sarcomas), while for other tumor types the evidence is still emerging (i.e. prostate, breast, etc.). It is increasingly important, therefore, for the radiologist interpreting oncology patients' staging or restaging examinations to be aware of those diseases for which targeted therapy of oligometastases may be undertaken to effectively guide such management. The improved imaging resolution provided by technological advances promise to aid in the detection of subtle sites of disease to ensure the identification of patients with oligometastases amenable to targeted treatment.
Clinical correlates of working memory deficits in youth with and without ADHD: A controlled study.

ABSTRACTObjective: Both working memory (WM; a brain system that provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with educational deficits. Since WM deficits are prevalent in children with ADHD, the main aim of the present study was to examine whether educational deficits are driven by working memory deficits or driven by the effect of ADHD itself. Method: Participants were referred youth with (N = 276) and without (N = 241) ADHD ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric sources. Assessment included measures of psychiatric, psychosocial, educational, and cognitive functioning. Education deficits were defined as grade retention or placement in special classes and were assessed using interviews and written rating scales. Working memory was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised (WISC–R) Freedom from Distractibility (FFD) factor based on Digit Span, Arithmetic, and Coding. Results: Significan...
Relation of lipolysis to deturbidification and returbidification in heparin-induced lipemia-clearing phenomenon.

Summary and ConclusionsDuring the clearing of lipemic serum or coconut oil emulsion by postheparin plasma in vitro release of free fatty acid occurs. During the initial portion of the reaction ther...
Pharmacokinetic determinants of cyclosporine and prednisone in renal transplant patients.

prednisone, 20 mg twice daily. Azathioprine was withheld because of the moniliasis. Following four days of therapy with ketoconazole, the patient became increasingly weak. She was unable to easily ingest fluids or food, and she lost 3 to 4 pounds in the 4 days before being referred for admission to the UCSF Medical Center (Moffit Hospital). Table 1 contains details of the patient's clinical course and followup. Note particularly the extremely high cyclosporine trough levels on admission. The patient's acute renal transplant dysfunction responded promptly to a significant reduction of the oral cyclosporine dose. Eventually, the dose of cyclosporine needed by the patient was 10% of that needed prior to ketoconazole administration. The clinical course subsequent to cessation of ketaconazole and reinstitution of cyclosporifle, 80 mg twice daily, has been uneventful; the serum creatinine has remained stable at approximately 1.4 mg/dl.
A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period, 1978–1984; A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 4: The Globalizing Era, 1984–2010

The final two volumes of Hamid Naficy's ambitious history of the Iranian cinema guide readers through Iranian film and film-related practices during the Islamic Revolution of 1978–79 and its afterm...
STANDARD GIBBS FREE ENERGY OF FORMATION OF NEODYMIUM BORATES NdBO_3AND Nd(BO_2)_3

The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of neodymiumborates was determined by means of emf measurements of cell with CaF_2 singlecrystal as well as ZrO_2 solid electrolytes.The measurements result inΔG_((NdBO)_3)~0=-1757+3.8×10~-(1T) and ΔG_((Nd(Bo_2)_3))~0=-3435+8.8×10~(-1)T.There-fore,the standard Gibbs free energy change of formation of neodymiumboratas from the constituent oxides is ΔG_((NdBO)_3)~0=-242+1.4×10~(-1)T for(1/2)B_(2O_3(1)),+(1/2)Nd_2O_(3(?))=NdBO_(3(?))and ΔG(Nd(BO_2)_3)~0=-693.0+4.6×10~(-1)T for (3/2)B_2O_3(1)+(1/2)Nd_2O_3(?)= Nd_((BO_2)_3(?)).
Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in the Setting of Structural Heart Disease

Sustained ventricular tachycardias are common in the setting of structural heart disease, either due to prior myocardial infarction or a variety of non-ischemic etiologies, including idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Over the past two decades, percutaneous catheter ablation has evolved dramatically and has become an effective tool for the control of ventricular arrhythmias. Single and multicenter observational studies as well as several prospective randomized trials have begun to investigate long-term outcomes after catheter ablation procedures. These studies encompass a wide range of mapping and ablation techniques, including conventional activation mapping/entrainment criteria, substrate modification guided by pacemapping, late potential and abnormal electrogram ablation, scar de-channeling, and core isolation. While large-scale, multicenter prospective randomized clinical trials are somewhat limited, the published data demonstrate favorable outcomes with respect to a reduction in overall ventricular tachycardia (VT) burden, reduction of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks, and discontinuation of anti-arrhythmic medications across varying disease subtypes and convincingly support the use of catheter ablation as the standard of care for many patients with VT in the setting of structural heart disease.
New observational limits on dark radiation in braneworld cosmology

A dark radiation term arises as a correction to the energy momentum tensor in the simplest five-dimensional RS-II brane-world cosmology. In this paper we revisit the constraints on dark radiation based upon the newest results for light-element nuclear reaction rates, observed light-element abundances and the power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Adding dark radiation during big bang nucleosynthesis alters the Friedmann expansion rate causing the nuclear reactions to freeze out at a different temperature. This changes the final light element abundances at the end of BBN. Its influence on the CMB is to change the effective expansion rate at the surface of last scattering. We find that our adopted BBN constraints reduce the allowed range for dark radiation to between $-12.1\%$ and $+6.2\%$ of the ambient background energy density. Combining this result with fits to the CMB power spectrum, the range decreases to $-6.0\%$ to $+6.2\%$. Thus, we find, that the ratio of dark radiation to the background total relativistic mass energy density $\rho_{\rm DR}/\rho$ is consistent with zero although in the BBN analysis there could be a slight preference for a negative contribution. However, the BBN constraint depends strongly upon the adopted primordial helium abundance.
Synovial inflammation, crystals, and osteoarthritis.

Abstract Inflammation is now generally accepted as a component in the course of most patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA), although the stage at which it occurs and how it affects the course has not been resolved. When joint effusions are present in OA they almost always contain more leukocytes than normal synovial fluid, although often still falling into what was considered a noninflammatory range. Multiple factors can contribute to this low grade inflammation, with crystals being only one of many such factors needing consideration. Crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) and apatite are more frequent in more severe radiographic OA, but whether these are a result, a contributing factor, or both is not known. Experimental studies and the few clinical observations do not show that either CPPD or apatite consistently cause either inflammation or more rapid destruction in OA. These attempts at correlations are plagued with technical questions about what crystal numbers may be meaningful, and about techniques for crystal identification. Continued efforts are indicated to identify a treatable component of OA.
SPOCK: A Sensor Value Prediction and Online Control Algorithm for Building Resource Management

We present SPOCK, an algorithm for forecasting future sensor readings based on historical trends. Using sensor value forecasting, we can plan control decisions for building automation systems hours in advance, with the goal of improving resource consumption efficiency. We test SPOCK on a dataset gathered by our water softener optimization engine [13] on the UW-Madison campus. We use sensor value forecasts generated by SPOCK to plan water softener regenerations up to 24 hours in advance. We compare the performance of SPOCK to an oracle forecaster, which knows exactly what the sensor readings will be for all times in the future---this is possible because we are retroactively analyzing a dataset that has already been collected. For the dataset we analyze here, we demonstrate that SPOCK performs only about 2% worse than the oracle forecaster. Despite some errors in SPOCK's forecasts (compared to the oracle), it is still capable of making reasonable control decisions that are nearly optimal. SPOCK can reduce regeneration frequency---corresponding to reduction in wasted water--- by 10% compared to existing algorithms for scheduling regenerations.
Changes in Editorial Board

Due to ever increasing demands on his time, Prof. Mehdi Anwar is moving on from the editorial board of J-EDS. As a member of the founding Editorial Board I want to thank Mehdi for his support in the formative years of the publication. He did an excellent job in enforcing the highest standards of quality of the finished manuscripts while at the same time lending a helping hand to the authors. This spirit has been the hallmark of J-EDS since its inception in 2013. Mehdi we wish you all the best in your future endeavors.
Workplace barriers encountered by employed persons with systemic sclerosis.

Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an auto-immune connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of skin, blood vessels, and internal organs that results in significant disability. Objective To identify the work barriers faced by people with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in maintaining employment. Methods Thirty-six people with SSc who were working more than 8 hours per week completed the Work Experience Survey, which contains lists of potential work barriers, including the ability to travel to and from work; get around at work; perform essential job functions, including physical, cognitive, and task-related activities; work with others; and manage work conditions. Results Thirty-three participants completed and returned the questionnaires, most of whom were female, and working full time and in professional careers. Principal disease symptoms included fatigue, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal involvement, and leg or hand/wrist pain. All participants reported some barriers with a mean of 18 barriers per participant. At least three quarters of participants cited outside temperature (82%), cold temperatures inside the workplace (76%), and household work (76%), as barriers. The next most common barriers were using both hands (64%), arranging and taking part in social activities (64%), being able to provide self-care (61%) and working 8 hours (58%). Conclusion Participants reported a wide range of barriers, from cold temperatures, to physical job, fatigue related, and non-workplace demands, in maintaining the worker role. The barriers reflect the disease symptoms they reported. Identifying workplace barriers facilitates the creation of job accommodations or adaptations that will allow people with SSc to continue working.