cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucose absorption by a nectarivorous bird: the passive pathway is paramount.

We tested the hypothesis that most sugar absorption across the small intestine's brush border is normally by a mediated pathway, i.e., the Na(+)-glucose cotransporter. In nectar-eating rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus, 120 g), we measured mediated D-glucose uptake in vitro using the everted-sleeve technique. The apparent Michaelis constant (7.7 mM) was similar to that observed in hummingbirds and other birds in general. Maximal mediated D-glucose uptake summed along the entire length of intestine (48 cm) was not notably high (5.34 mumol/min) when compared with other avian species and was an order of magnitude too low to explain observed rates of glucose absorption in vivo (54.5 mumol/min). This implied that nonmediated glucose absorption predominated, and independent verification of that was sought. We applied a pharmacokinetic technique to measure in vivo absorption of L-glucose, the stereoisomer that does not interact with the Na(+)-glucose cotransporter. Eighty percent of L-glucose that was ingested was absorbed, confirming that nonmediated absorption can be substantial. We discuss how equating L-glucose absorption with passive D-glucose absorption depends on certain assumptions regarding the relative importance of diffusive and convective passive flux. In either case, the conclusion about the relative importance of passive absorption should still hold.
A Physical Educators Use of Freirian Praxis for Critical Reflection.

Reflection is a vital component of quality teaching. It is supported and practiced in teacher preparation programs and furthered by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, whereas critical reflection with particular emphasis on the internal schema of the practitioner has not been focused on much and training within teacher preparation programs and/or in the professional setting has been negligible. Three vignettes are shared to highlight pinnacle moments of internal dissonance that evoked the need for critical reflection. Particular attention was paid to the internal struggle of the teacher and decisions made or not made to highlight the search for equilibrium and wholeness of teacher and self. The purpose of this article was to support the intentional act of critical reflection through praxis as a lifelong journey to enrich the lives of educators and further transform their worlds in which they exist and intersect.
Preliminary Mathematical Results

The position of a point in the plane is defined by the two independent coordinates (x, y) which we here combine to form the complex variable ζ and its conjugate \(\bar \varsigma\), defined as $$\varsigma = x + iy;{\rm }\bar \varsigma = x - iy.$$ We can recover the Cartesian coordinates by the relations \(x = \mathcal{R}(\varsigma ),y = \mathfrak{f}(\varsigma )\), but a more convenient algebraic relationship between the real and complex formulations is obtained by solving equations (18.1) to give $$x = \frac{1}{2}(\varsigma + \,\mathop \varsigma \limits^ - );y = - \frac{i}{2}(\varsigma - \,\mathop \varsigma \limits^ - ).$$ (18.2)
Nucleus Replacement of the Intervertebral Disc

This chapter focuses on the treatments for degenerative disc disease. The chapter also introduces several nucleus replacement design concepts prevalent in degenerative disc disease. Current treatment for degenerative disc disease focuses primarily on relieving back and leg pain. The most common surgical treatments, discectomy and spinal fusion, are performed to reduce pain, and not to restore disc function. Discectomy is employed when the disc has herniated and is impinging on nerve roots causing patient pain, but when the annulus degeneration is not severe. Surgical fusion, inducing bone growth across the functional spinal unit to eliminate disc loading and motion, is reserved for patients with chronic severely disabling pain. The replacement of the nucleus pulposus alone would result in a surgical technique that would offer a less invasive approach to pain relief while potentially restoring the functional biomechanics to the system. This approach could be most effective in patients with early diagnosis of disc disease, before the annulus has suffered significant degeneration. The chapter presents the surgical candidates for nucleus replacement, mechanical requirements of the nucleus replacements, and biocompatibility requirements for successful nucleus replacements.
Nineteenth-Century Reform Movements

THIS CHAPTER BEGINS WITH A DISCUSSION of how medical science struggled to understand the effect of built environment on health. Then it outlines how these efforts contributed to a developing reform movement that eventually resulted in the passing of the first laws to regulate the built environment as well as creating the public health profession. Next it covers how urban environmental health problems helped prompt new types of domestic architecture for the well-off and sparked the tenement reform movement. Then other efforts to meet the environmental challenges of the nineteenth-century city included Baron Haussmann’s rebuilding of Paris and the urban parks movement in the United States led by Frederick Law Olmsted and others are detailed. The chapter moves to the “model tenement” movement and settlement houses established to assist the poor. Then it covers the end-of-the-century work of Louis Sullivan and colleagues, who created the skyscraper, a new technology which would contribute to concerns regarding the contribution of density and congestion on health. Then the chapter features the great Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago and the City Beautiful movement. The chapter concludes with the rise of urban coalitions to bring in freshwater supplies that resulted in dramatic improvements to health and sharply reduced the risk of fires.
Abstract 1934: MicroRNA-383 located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p22 regulates prostate cancer stem cell marker CD44

A major genomic alteration in prostate cancer (PCa) is frequent loss of chromosome (chr) 8p with a common region of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chr8p22 locus. Genomic studies implicate this locus in the initiation of clinically significant PCa and with progression to metastatic disease. However, the genes within this region have not been fully characterized to date. Here we demonstrate for the first time that a microRNA component of this region -miR-383- is frequently downregulated in prostate cancer, plays a critical role in determining tumor initiating potential and is involved in prostate cancer metastasis via direct regulation of CD44, a ubiquitous marker of PCa tumor initiating cells (TICs)/ stem cells. Expression analyses of miR-383 in PCa clinical tissues established that low miR-383 expression is associated with poor prognosis. Functional data suggests that miR-383 regulates PCa tumor initiating/ stem-like cells via CD44 regulation. Ectopic expression of miR-383 inhibited tumor initiating capacity of CD44+ PCa cells. Also, ‘anti-metastatic’ effects of ectopic miR-383 expression were observed in a PCa experimental metastasis model. In view of our results, we propose that frequent loss of miR-383 at chr8p22 region leads to tumor initiation and prostate cancer metastasis. Thus, we have identified a novel finding that associates a long observed genomic alteration to PCa stemness and metastasis. Our data suggests that restoration of miR-383 expression may be an effective therapeutic modality against PCa relapse and metastasis. Importantly, we identified miR-383 as a novel PCa diagnostic biomarker with potential that outperforms that of serum PSA. Citation Format: Nathan Bucay, Kiran Sekhon, Varahram Shahryari, Yozo Mitsui, Guoren Deng, Z. Laura Tabatabai, Shahana Majid, Soichiro Yamamura, Rajvir Dahiya, Yuichiro Tanaka, Sharanjot Saini. MicroRNA-383 located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p22 regulates prostate cancer stem cell marker CD44. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1934.
The Impact of Market Forces on Liver Transplant Allocation

Under the current liver organ allocation system organs are on a sickest first policy as prioritized by MELD score within one of the 11 multi-state UNOS regions for MELD scores greater than 35. In the unusual circumstance in which no patient has a MELD score above 35, the organ is offered within a local area, again prioritized by the MELD score. Both UNOS regions and local distribution areas called DSAs (Donor Service Areas) may be served by several transplant centers creating a competitive environment for organ placement primarily between transplant centers acting as proxy for their listed patients. Although donor livers are offered for recipients based solely on urgency as defined by the MELD score, centers and patients are free to accept or reject offers based on their personal estimate for successful transplantation.
PEGylated Dendrimers as Drug Delivery Vehicles for the Photosensitizer Silicon Phthalocyanine Pc 4 for Candidal Infections.

Fungi account for billions of infections worldwide. The second most prominent causative agent for fungal infections is Candida albicans (C. albicans). As strains of fungi become resistant to antifungal medications, new treatment modalities must be investigated to combat these infections. One approach is to employ photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT utilizes a photosensitizer, light, and cellular O2 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then induce oxidative stress resulting in apoptosis. Silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 is a photosensitizer that has exhibited success in clinical trials for a myriad of skin diseases. The hydrophobic nature of Pc 4, however, poses significant formulation and delivery challenges in the use of this therapy. To mitigate these concerns, a drug delivery vehicle was synthesized to better formulate Pc 4 into a viable PDT agent for treating fungal infections. Utilizing poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the framework for the vehicle, ∼13% of the amine chain ends were PEGylated to prom...
Pressure loss and heat transfer performance for additively and conventionally manufactured pin fin arrays

Abstract Pin fin heat exchangers represent a common, viable means of keeping components cool and are widely used for electronics cooling and turbine airfoil cooling. Advancements in manufacturing technology will allow these heat exchangers to be built using new methods, such as laser powder bed fusion, a form of additive manufacturing. New manufacturing approaches, however, render a direct comparison between newly and conventionally manufactured parts meaningless without a good understanding of the difference in the performance. This research study investigated microchannel pin fin arrays that were manufactured using Laser Powder Bed Fusion and compared them to studies of pin fin arrays from the literature, which are representative of traditionally-manufactured pin fin arrays, where the pin and endwall surfaces exhibited much lower surface roughness. Pin fin arrays with four different spacings were manufactured and tested over a range of Reynolds numbers; pressure loss and heat transfer measurements were taken. Additionally, the test coupons were evaluated nondestructively and the as-built geometric features were analyzed. Measured surface roughness was found to be extremely high in each one of the microchannel pin fin arrays and was found to be a function of the pin spacing in the array, as was the shape of the pin itself; with more pins in the array came higher surface roughness and more distorted pin shapes. Comparisons between the smooth pin fin arrays from literature and the rough pin fin arrays from the current study showed that the high surface roughness more strongly affected the friction factor augmentation than it did the heat transfer augmentation relative to the smooth pin fin arrays.
Factor Structure and External Validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Pregnancy

The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a widely used measure in diverse populations. Despite the growing interest in mindfulness interventions for pregnant women, little research has examined the psychometric properties of mindfulness instruments in pregnant populations. In the present study, the reliability, validity, and factor structures of the FFMQ long and short forms were examined in a cross-sectional national survey of pregnant women (n = 857). The online survey also included measures of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, antenatal attachment, and social support. Mindfulness was significantly negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress and positively correlated with maternal attachment and social support. The strongest correlations were found with the nonjudging of inner experience and acting with awareness facets of the FFMQ. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a correlated facets model with method effects best fits the data. This factor structure was consistent across four and five-factor models using the long and short forms of the FFMQ. Results support the validity of the FFMQ in pregnant women and suggest focusing on nonjudging of inner experience and acting with awareness facets as targets for cognitive approaches to improving mental health in pregnancy.
The Value-Based Payment Modifier: Program Outcomes and Implications for Disparities

Programs designed to improve quality of care by paying medical practices according to measures of their performance might inadvertently contribute to health care disparities. This study estimated d...
Applying Lean Six Sigma methods to reduce length of stay in a hospital's emergency department

Operational excellence is critical to throughput and patient flow in an emergency department. This case study applied the Lean Six Sigma DMAIC methodology to improve throughput as measured by reduc...
New Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment of Back Ailments in the Elderly

Greater understanding of the pathophysiology and biomechanics of the lumbar spine plus the advent of axial tomography have greatly improved the outlook for elderly patients with disabling back disorders.
Uterine Electromyography in Humans – Contractions, Labor, and Delivery

Today’s maternal/fetal monitoring lacks the capability to diagnose labor and predict delivery. The objective of this work was to demonstrate that uterine electromyography (EMG) is proven to be a viable alternative to current monitoring techniques. Uterine EMG was monitored noninvasively and trans-abdominally from pregnant patients using surface electrodes. Several aspects of the uterine EMG were investigated: contraction plotting, diagnosing labor, and predicting delivery. Contractions were seen to correspond well with tocodynamometer- (TOCO-) plotted contractions. As well, increases in electrical activity were indicative of labor and imminent delivery. Uterine EMG could be a valuable tool for obstetricians if implemented on a routine basis in the clinic.
The Rating Game

As consumers, we are often faced with making decisions based on ratings, whether they are ratings of movies, the Nielson ratings of TV shows, or the car ratings of Consumer’s Report. U.S. News and World Report annually rates colleges and universities. To come up with the ratings, the magazine use data such as average SAT/ACT scores of their freshmen, the acceptance rate, financial resources, as well as the ratings of schools by the presidents, deans, and admissions directors. The elite schools compete with each other for the top ratings and use them to attract the best students. Do you know how your school did in this rating scheme? How others rate your school may not affect your day-to-day experiences at the school. This activity asks you to find out the level of satisfaction of your fellow students with three different aspects of your school that really matter to you: academic programs, physical plant, and extracurricular activities.
Mutual Information as a Function of Matrix SNR for Linear Gaussian Channels

This paper focuses on the mutual information and minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) as a function a matrix-valued signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a linear Gaussian channel with arbitrary input distribution. As shown by Lamarca, the mutual-information is a concave function of a positive semidefinite matrix, which we call the matrix SNR. This implies that the mapping from the matrix SNR to the MMSE matrix is decreasing monotone. Building upon these functional properties, we start to construct a unifying framework that provides a bridge between classical information-theoretic inequalities, such as the entropy power inequality, and interpolation techniques used in statistical physics and random matrix theory. This framework provides new insight into the structure of phase transitions in coding theory and compressed sensing. In particular, it is shown that the parallel combination of linear channels with freely-independent matrices can be characterized succinctly via free convolution.
Comparing Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Passive Urban Stormwater Management to Conventional Wastewater Treatment

AbstractGreen infrastructure (GI) is a popular tool to improve city resilience to climate change and improve water quality. However, because these systems receive pulses of nutrient rich stormwater...
miR-125a-5p: a novel regulator of SLC26A6 expression in intestinal epithelial cells

Putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC26A6), an intestinal epithelial Cl−/HCO3− exchanger, also plays a key role in oxalate homeostasis via mediating intestinal oxalate secretion. Indeed, Slc26a6-...
Total synthesis of two naturally occurring polyacetylenic glucosides (−)-bidensyneoside A1 and B, and an analogue of (−)-bidensyneoside C

Abstract The total syntheses of two novel polyacetylenic natural products bidensyneoside A1 and B, as well as an analogue of bidensyneoside C are described. These syntheses are based on our recently developed strategy. A new preparation of the required starting material (E)-3-penten-1-yne was developed. The preparation of the analogue of (−)-bidensyneoside C further confirms the side chain configuration of the natural product as (R).
Methods and Processes Used to Collect Pressure Injury Risk and Prevention Measures in the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® (NDNQI®).

Background Previous research found that reliability estimates for chart-extracted quality of care data vary. Purpose The purpose was to examine methods and processes used to gather data on the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) pressure injury (PI) risk and prevention measures to identify factors that may influence their reliability. Methods Study participants (N = 120) from 36 hospitals completed a 35-item online survey. Included were the NDNQI PI Survey Team member with the most experience and/or skill in patient record review from each hospital (n = 36) and 84 other NDNQI PI Survey Team members. Results In general, participants followed NDNQI PI data collection guidelines. However, deviations were noted such as 60 (50%) participants collected PI data on units where they work, and 92 (76.7%) determined whether moisture management was performed by direct observation of patients rather than chart documentation. Conclusions Findings provide insight on how to improve the reliability of hospital-acquired PI risk and prevention measures that includes clarification of the data collection guidelines.
La cruz/árbol maya en la poesía de Humberto Ak’abal, Gaspar Pedro González y Donny Brito May

Entre la diversidad de tonos, lenguas y generaciones de la poesia maya contemporanea, una imagen se repite, se superpone y se transforma: la cruz/arbol de los rumbos del mundo. Este diseno no es un ejercicio literario o un motivo artistico, sino un paradigma ancestral tejido entre el arte, la ciencia y la espiritualidad. A traves de la imagen poetica, escritores como Humberto Ak’abal (k’iche’), Gaspar Pedro Gonzalez (q’anjob’al), y Donny Limber Brito May (yucateco) han recreado multiples posibilidades de la cruz/arbol. Este articulo dialoga con ensayos y poemas de Gonzalez, Ak’abal y Brito May, asi como con dos terminos mayas: kotzi’b’ (Gonzalez) y ri che’ kajq’ab’ (Ak’abal). Si bien abundan estudios arqueologicos y antropologicos sobre la cruz/arbol en inscripciones glificas del periodo clasico Maya en ciudades como Palenque y Copan, el objetivo principal de este articulo es subrayar la resiliencia y actualidad de este paradigma en tres escritores mayas contemporaneas. Al persistir en varios tiempos de la historia mesoamericana, y al tejer cuerpo-territorio-cosmos en disenos multidimensionales, aqui muestro como la cruz/arbol de los rumbos del mundo se erige como “cosmolectica” (Chacon 2019).
Improving thermal conduction across cathode/electrolyte interfaces in solid-state lithium-ion batteries by hierarchical hydrogen-bond network

Abstract Effective thermal management is an important issue to ensure safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries. Fast heat removal is highly desired but has been obstructed by the high thermal resistance across cathode/electrolyte interface. In this study, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are used as the vibrational mediator to tune interfacial thermal conductance between an electrode, lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), and a solid state electrolyte, polyethylene oxide (PEO). Embedded at the LCO/PEO interface, SAMs are specially designed to form hierarchical hydrogen-bond (H-bond) network with PEO. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that all SAM-decorated interfaces show enhanced thermal conductance and dominated by H-bonds types. The incorporation of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) SAM drastically enhances interfacial thermal conductance by approximately 211.69%, largely due to the formation of a strong H-bond, -COOH···:O, between PAA and PEO. Even with weaker H-bonds such as -OH···:O, it still outperforms the pristine interface as well as interfaces decorated with non-H-bonded SAMs, e.g. PE. Such improvement is attributed to the unique hierarchical H-bond network at the interface, which removes discontinuities in temperature field, straighten SAM chains, make materials strongly adhere, and couple the vibrational modes of materials. The study is expected to guide surface engineering for more effective thermal management in lithium-ion batteries.
RANC: Reconfigurable Architecture for Neuromorphic Computing

Neuromorphic architectures have been introduced as platforms for energy-efficient spiking neural network execution. The massive parallelism offered by these architectures has also triggered interest from nonmachine learning application domains. In order to lift the barriers to entry for hardware designers and application developers, we present RANC: a reconfigurable architecture for neuromorphic computing, an opensource highly flexible ecosystem that enables rapid experimentation with neuromorphic architectures in both software via C++ simulation and hardware via FPGA emulation. We present the utility of the RANC ecosystem by showing its ability to recreate behavior of IBM’s TrueNorth and validate with a direct comparison to IBM’s Compass simulation environment and published literature. RANC allows optimizing architectures based on application insights as well as prototyping future neuromorphic architectures that can support new classes of applications entirely. We demonstrate the highly parameterized and configurable nature of RANC by studying the impact of architectural changes on improving application mapping efficiency with quantitative analysis based on Alveo U250 FPGA. We present post routing resource usage and throughput analysis across implementations of synthetic aperture radar classification and vector matrix multiplication applications, and demonstrate a neuromorphic architecture that scales to emulating 259K distinct neurons and 73.3M distinct synapses.
Available Time to Plant and Harvest Peanuts

Peanut farmers’ acreage allocation and equipment management decisions remain heavily dependent upon weather uncertainty. The number of days suitable for fieldwork (DSFW) were evaluated during key production times for 11 peanut-producing states. The objectives of this analysis were to define most active dates for peanut planting and harvest field activities, to estimate DSFW occurring within the most active date ranges for each peanut producing state, and to analyze these DSFW data for trends over time. Crop progress data reflects when producers are most likely to engage in field work not necessarily the most agronomically advantageous time. Weekly USDA NASS data from 1995 to 2018 for planting and from 1995 to 2017 for harvest were analyzed to develop a probability distribution. Comparing the middle of the distribution, the 50th percentile, shows that North Carolina had the fewest days available for planting (16.4 days) while Arkansas has the most days for planting (34.0 days). Georgia, for comparison, had 23.0 days for planting. For harvest at the 50th percentile, Arkansas has one of the fewest days available for harvest (23.0 days) and South Carolina has the most available (40.0 days). Georgia had 34.0 days available for harvest. These results are useful for farmers, practitioners, and researchers for decision making including determining the number of acres that can be planted and/or harvested in a given year based on weather risk. Sizing equipment to complete field work only for the maximum DSFW leaves no contingency for poor field conditions or equipment failure. These results are important for farm decision makers to make machinery selection and acreage allocation decisions. As an added benefit of this paper, the R programming code used to access and develop graphs have been made available for readers to use in their own research.
Factors associated with use of antibiotic prophylaxis following dental procedures in total joint replacement recipients

Abstract Background Total joint replacement recipients (TJR) are at risk for prosthetic joint infection (PJI), particularly those with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We mailed surveys to 1078 subjects undergoing primary TJR between 2011 and 2016 ​at an academic center. The survey asked about medical, dental, and orthopedic history and use of antibiotics prior to dental appointments. We generated adjusted relative risks (aRR) for using antibiotic prophylaxis less than always using Poisson regression, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Results We received surveys from 639 subjects; 597 were eligible and formed the analytical sample. 66 ​% reported always using antibiotic prophylaxis. DM and RA were not associated with prophylaxis use. Factors associated with less frequent use included: BMI ≥30 (aRR ​= ​1.27, 95 ​% CI [1.01, 1.60]), dental cleanings Conclusions Two-thirds of TJR recipients in an academic center reported always using antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental visits. Usage rates varied by demographics, BMI, number of TJRs, type of dental procedure, and behavioral factors -- but not by comorbidities associated with higher PJI risk.
The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 during adipogenesis in vivo: effect of thyroxine.

Abstract The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was examined in subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue from 105-day pig fetuses by ribonuclease protection assays and in situ hybridization using a porcine IGF-1 riboprobe. Fetuses were hypophysectomized (hypox) at 70 days of gestation and at 90 days thyroxine (T4) pellets were implanted into some of the hypox fetuses. Fetuses were removed and SQ tissues collected on day 105 of gestation. RNase protection assays followed by scanning laser densitometry revealed that IGF-1 mRNA in SQ adipose tissue in hypox fetuses was significantly decreased to 19.8 ± 1.2% of control values. T4 treatment increased the expression of IGF-1 by 174 ± 26.6% of values for hypox fetuses. Using in situ hybridization we showed that fetal hypophysectomy reduced and T4 treatment increased expression of IGF-1 mRNA in the outer SQ adipose tissue layer ( P P > 0.05). IGF-1 was expressed around capillaries, in small fat cells, and in fibroblasts in loose and dense connective tissue. Large fat cells, however, did not express IGF-1. Collectively, we concluded that (1) IGF-1 mRNA was decreased after hypox and increased by T4 treatment in SQ tissue of 105-day fetuses; (2) The expression of the IGF-1 gene was more sensitive to T4 treatment after hypox in outer SQ tissue than in inner SQ tissue; (3) Most stromal cells produced IGF-1 mRNA, and as a result they may influence adipogenesis in the outer layer of SQ adipose tissue; and (4) Once fat cells enlarged, expression of IGF-1 was not detected. Therefore, these studies provide evidence that IGF-1 may mediate the influence of T4 on fetal adipogenesis.
Delayed perforation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Rare and potentially lethal

Introduction Cardiac tamponade is a grave but fortunately uncommon complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Few studies have specifically addressed angiographic characteristics and outcomes associated with delayed cardiac tamponade after PCI. With the current study we tried to define the incidence of this complication and to characterize the events in order to improve our understanding of the likely mechanisms. Methods/Results We reviewed 23,399 PCIs performed at our institution during an 8-year period (1999–2006) and we present 10 cases of delayed tamponade. A brief description of each case is provided and findings from retrospective review of the coronary angiography, as well as features of PCI complexity are presented. Also, we summarize the procedural characteristics and outcomes. Delayed perforations are rare and possibly preventable. They usually occur after complex interventions and mostly attributed to distal wire perforations. Surgical intervention is needed less often today than before. Successful pericardiocentesis is of paramount importance. Conclusions The potential lethal outcome associated with delayed tamponade emphasizes the importance of taking steps to prevent this complication. First, prevention and, second, prompt treatment should be the goal, with the use of appropriate technique, clinical awareness, and vigilance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Definition and Stability of Local Inertial Reference Frames

Inertial reference frames spanning approximately 10°–30° square on the sky and capable of locating objects to few-hundred microarcsecond accuracies are useful for a broad class of astrometric measurements. Deep space tracking and general relativistic angular deflection experiments are examples of astrometric measurements which can profitably reference the positions and/or motions of objects to a field of radio sources in a local frame. A method for defining local inertial reference frames has been developed based on Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) measurements of extragalactic radio sources. By observing the radio emission from the object to be located in the frame, as well as that from about five radio sources which define the frame, dominant systematic astrometric errors can be minimized through parameter estimation. The entire reference frame measurement is of the order of 30 minutes including all the sources in a frame. The limiting error for single-epoch position determination in a local frame is the unknown structure of both target and reference objects. Structure can cause systematic milliarcsecond-level errors. The limiting error for epoch-to-epoch differential position measurements is tropospheric fluctuations, assuming that the radio source structures do not change from one epoch to the next. Preliminary results of an epoch-to-epoch measurement of relativistic gravitational deflection by Jupiter, in which the total deflection was about 600 microarcseconds, suggest that the local reference frame is stable at the 240-microarcsecond level over twelve days. Data have been taken at longer time intervals to determine the annual stability of the frames. At the time of preparation of these proceedings, those data have not yet been analyzed.
Data collection and management for a groundfish study fleet

A study fleet is a subset of vessels participating in a fishery that reports detailed data that is used to characterize the entire fishery. These data can then be used to generate spatially-explicit assessments of commercially important species and foster the development of more sustainable fisheries. The technologies for collecting and reporting data from a study fleet is important, as is the way in which fishermen and management scientists utilize the system. A pilot groundfish study fleet has been established in the Gulf of Maine by CFER to evaluate a novel reporting system. This paper describes the electronic logbook and data reporting system developed for this multi-species application and the Web-based interface used by fishermen to enter data on their fishing operation and to retrieve GIS maps of their reported data. The issues associated with the recruiting of study fleet participants are also discussed. The protection of proprietary interests is very important to fishermen, and data management techniques are needed that will protect such interests if accurate reporting is expected. The distrust that often exists between industry and federal authorities suggests that a study fleet may not be useful unless the data are archived by an independent organization that pledges to maintain the ownership rights of each fisherman. If properly set up, the structure will encourage detailed and accurate reporting and will facilitate the generation of reports useful to the fisherman. These reports effectively compensate the fisherman for the effort required in entering the data.
Thirst and Patience

HER THIRST, PERHAPS, began in childhood, and patience too, pas sionate as seed. After all, getting there was an equal gift, crossing to the island?Monhegan Island, Maine?those summers which slowly turned as the last century geared down and disappeared into this one, and the island, ten miles off shore, kept its own beauty lightly, sleepily. The idea came from her mother?Mary Warner Moore?for whatever reason: to get her children, Warner and Marianne, out of the heat of Carlisle, Penn sylvania; to witness herself?landlocked, Missouri bred, her husband lost, institutionalized?what was coolly, lushly visible. Here was the island's sweating, raw board ice house, and the pond beside it, cut and harvested every winter since 1874, going nearly lagoon in summer, languid, dizzy with birds. Here was Lobster Cove, desolate, wet and dangerous ("No one has ever been saved who fell overboard or from rocks here," the village pamphlets warn), and the thick high woods beyond, solemn with pine. Enough for children, certainly. Enough finally to make Mary Warner Moore come whisper close to building a house here, settling permanently. Later, in 1933, it was Marianne Moore herself who would recall those days when she and her mother reached the island by a sail boat called The Effort, arriving at low tide, which is to say, midnight, hobbling "over stones. . . by lantern-light" to the "gabled attic room in a fisherman's cot tage."1 Now crossing eighty, ninety years beyond those summers, it is enough to put such reverie against the chill sea air. And there, eider ducks in stiff flying formation skimming the waves, and seals on sudden out croppings of rock, stilled by sun. Our boat takes its long hour to get there, progressing, as Marianne Moore wrote of such boats, "white and rigid as if in / a grove,"2 to this island where imagination became a place for her to loot and redream, most urgently to see. Impossible, finally, to judge the weight of such memory, this island of folktale austerity and strangeness, but we have some evidence. There it is, Moore admitted in "The Steeple-Jack," the piece which opens her Com plete Poems with a firm clear color ("a sea the purple of the peacock's neck"), a careful wonder that recognizes waves "as formal as the scales / on a fish," or the ornate "sugar bowl shaped summer house" liked because the source of such elegance "is not bravado." Like Ambrose, the student she
Identity and Indeterminacy in "-ever" Free Relatives

A free relative (FR) containing -ever is felicitous only when the speaker doesn’t know, or doesn’t care about, the identity of the entity denoted. For example, (1a) is felicitous if the speaker doesn’t know if Mary is cooking pea soup or spinach (although he may know that the thing Mary is cooking is green). Conversely, if the speaker knows that Mary is cooking pea soup, it would be infelicitous to use the -ever FR. In a felicitous use of (1b), where whatever combines with the head noun soup, the speaker does not know what kind of soup Mary is cooking. Example (2), meanwhile, is infelicitous if the speaker can name the person who arrived last.
Expanding Opportunities for High Academic Achievement: An International Baccalaureate Diploma Program in an Urban High Schoo

Students of color are consistently underrepresented in honors and gifted programs nationwide. Research suggests that even high-achieving students share many of the risk factors with their low-achieving peers. As a result, their continued academic success is far from assured. In addition, research on academic intervention programs designed to help these students suggests these programs are not widespread or institutionalized in schools in ways that will lead to meaningful gains in closing the achievement gaps at the high end of the academic spectrum. The study presented in this paper employed mixed methods to investigate the relationship between the design of a rigorous college preparatory program, the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IB), and the socioeconomic status of the students the program serves. The study found that an open admission International Baccalaureate (IB) program was successfully attracting and retaining African American, Latino, and Native American students from economically...
Accuracy of Prehospital Intravenous Fluid Volume Measurement by Emergency Medical Services

AbstractPrehospital treatment protocols call for intravenous (IV) fluid for patients with shock, yet the measurement accuracy of administered fluid volume is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to assess the accuracy of documented and self-reported fluid volumes administered to medical patients by paramedics during prehospital care. We conducted a pilot, observational study nested within a parent cohort study of prehospital biomarkers in a single EMS agency transporting patients to a tertiary care hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania over 8 months. Among eligible nontrauma, noncardiac arrest patients, we studied the self-reported IV fluid volume on ED arrival by paramedics, documented fluid volume in the EMS record, and compared those to the mass-derived fluid volume. We quantified the absolute error between methods, and determined EMS transport times or initial prehospital systolic blood pressure had any effect on error. We enrolled 50 patients who received prehospital IV fluid and had mass-der...
Radiation-induced modulation of immunogenic genes in tumor cells is regulated by both histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases

Radiation treatment is a pivotal therapy for several cancer types, including colorectal cancer. It has been shown that sublethal doses of radiation modulate gene expression, making tumor cells more susceptible to T-cell-mediated immune attack. We have recently shown that low dose radiation enhances expression of multiple death receptors (Fas, DR4 and DR5) and co-stimulatory molecules (4-1BBL and OX-40L) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells; however, it is unclear how ionizing radiation (IR) enhances expression of these molecules mechanistically. In the present study, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which radiation controls expression of these molecules in CRC. Here we report that, enhanced expression of these genes following radiation treatment of CRC cells is due, in part, to changes in DNA methylation and histone acetylation. We observed that radiation (5 Gy) significantly increased histone acetylation at the promoter regions of 4-1BBL, Fas and DR5 but not OX-40L. However, radiation did not induce changes in the global levels of acetylated histone H3 suggesting specificity of IR-induced changes. Furthermore, evaluation of epigenetic controlling enzymes revealed that IR did not alter overall cellular levels of HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC2 or HDAC3) or DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, or DNMT3b). Instead, radiation decreased binding of HDAC2 and HDAC3 at the promoter regions of Fas and 4-1BBL, respectively. Radiation also resulted in reduced DNMT1 at both the Fas and 4-1BBL promoter regions but not a control gene. We conclude that single dose radiation can influence the expression of immune response relevant genes in colorectal tumor cells by altering the binding of epigenetic enzymes, and modulating histone acetylation, at specific gene promoters.
Photocleavable peptide hydrogel arrays for MALDI-TOF analysis of kinase activity

We have developed an acrylamide copolymerization strategy to immobilize acrylamide labeled peptides and proteins into a hydrogel surface and detect their modifications using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Copolymerization into hydrogels is robust, compatible with "off-the-shelf" chemistry, and yields materials and surfaces that are stable to aqueous or organic solvents, drying, high or low temperature, high or low pH, oxidizing agents, sonication, mechanical contact, etc. The use of acrylamide hydrogels allows immobilization of substrates in a hydrated environment that can be used both as a biological reaction matrix and as a MALDI target. In our strategy, a substrate peptide was designed in a modular fashion to include both modification site and affinity domains. It was labeled with an acrylamide functionality using a generalized chemistry and covalently attached to the surface with a photocleavable linker, allowing for aggressive washing to remove any fouling, followed by selective release for MALDI-TOF analysis. Using this system we were able to analyze and compare v-Abl (truncated) and c-Abl (full-length) kinase activity on a peptide substrate with an affinity domain specific for the full-length kinase, observing excellent overall reproducibility in the extent of phosphorylation detected. This work serves as proof of principle for modular substrate design strategies for mass spectrometry-readable biosensors.
Modulating Expression of Peripherin/rds in Transgenic Mice: Critical Levels and the Effect of Overexpression

PURPOSE Mutations in the photoreceptor-specific protein peripherin/rds are associated with multiple retinal diseases. To date, attempts to achieve complete structural and functional rescue in animal models of peripherin/rds-induced retinal degeneration have not been successful. Gene therapy – directed approaches have been hindered by the haploinsufficiency phenotype, which dictates well-regulated expression of peripherin/rds protein levels.
A Place to Howl: A GIS Instructional Module on the Mexican Gray Wolf

Abstract This paper covers the development of a GIS instructional module centered on the reintroduction of the Mexican Gray Wolf in the Southwest, United States. This module is used in an undergraduate geography course on the United States. The paper also reports on how forty‐one students applied the module in trying to find an appropriate location to reintroduce the wolf.
Women's Health as a Paradigm for Understanding Factors that Mediate Disease

ABSTRACT Women's health research provides an opportunity to focus on the mechanisms underlying health and disease in both men and women. We propose that differences in risk between men and women and among individual women are primarily determined by biologic factors, such as sex steroid hormone metabolism, anatomy, immunologic function, genetic influences, and the effects of reproduction, interacting with external influences, such as psychologic development, sociocultural environment, and economic status. We provide examples whereby a comparison of disease frequencies between men and women and among women allows a focus on underlying mechanisms of disease. We then demonstrate the importance of posing questions about the genesis of differences in disease frequency.
Adaptive Service-Oriented Application Architecture and System Engineering

Service-oriented computing is making strides due to acceptance by government and major computer and software companies, however there are several issues that we need to address. SOA is related to a number of traditional professional areas such as business models, programming languages, model construction, verification, software architecture and design, software reusability, databases, ontology, autonomic computing, grid computing, and computer networks.
Redox properties of human endothelial nitric-oxide synthase oxygenase and reductase domains purified from yeast expression system

Abstract Characterization of the redox properties of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is fundamental to understanding the complicated reaction mechanism of this important enzyme participating in cardiovascular function. Yeast overexpression of both the oxygenase and reductase domains of human eNOS,i.e. eNOSox and eNOSred, has been established to accomplish this goal. UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral characterization for the resting eNOSox and its complexes with various ligands indicated a standard NOS heme structure as a thiolate hemeprotein. Two low spin imidazole heme complexes but not the isolated eNOSox were resolved by EPR indicating slight difference in heme geometry of the dimeric eNOSox domain. Stoichiometric titration of eNOSox demonstrated that the heme has a capacity for a reducing equivalent of 1–1.5. Additional 1.5–2.5 reducing equivalents were consumed before heme reduction occurred indicating the presence of other unknown high potential redox centers. There is no indication for additional metal centers that could explain this extra electron capacity of eNOSox. Ferrous eNOSox, in the presence of l-arginine, is fully functional in forming the tetrahydrobiopterin radical upon mixing with oxygen as demonstrated by rapid-freeze EPR measurements. Calmodulin binds eNOSred at 1:1 stoichiometry and high affinity. Stoichiometric titration and computer simulation enabled the determination for three redox potential separations between the four half-reactions of FMN and FAD. The extinction coefficient could also be resolved for each flavin for its semiquinone, oxidized, and reduced forms at multiple wavelengths. This first redox characterization on both eNOS domains by stoichiometric titration and the generation of a high quality EPR spectrum for the BH4 radical intermediate illustrated the usefulness of these tools in future detailed investigations into the reaction mechanism of eNOS.