cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D status and demographic and lifestyle determinants among adults in the United States (NHANES 2001-2006)

This study looked at risk factors associated with vitamin D levels in the body among a representative sample of adults in the U.S., NHANES III (2001-2006) data were used to assess the relationship between several demographic and health risk factors and vitamin D levels in the body. The Baseline-Category Logit Model was used to test the association between vitamin D level and the potential risk factors age, education, ethnicity, poverty status, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, obesity, diabetes and total cholesterol with both genders. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were significantly associated with age, race, education, physical activity, obesity, diabetes and total cholesterol level for both genders. Almost half of the adults sampled in these data had vitamin D levels lower than the recommended limits, with the highest frequency among the younger groups. Determining an individual's vitamin D level is very difficult without proper clinical testing. Many of those who have low vitamin D levels are unaware. With such a high prevalence of individuals with low vitamin D levels in the U.S. and a better understanding of characteristics associated with these lower levels, increased education and prevention efforts should be focused toward those with higher risk characteristics.
Effect of agitation and molecular weight on polymer adsorption and deflocculation

The rates of adsorption of PAM's were measured on calcium phosphate at various intensities of agitation. Vigorous mechanical stirring promotes the adsorption by degrading the floccules, thus providing new surfaces available for further adsorption of polymers. The rising parts of the rate curves correspond to the breaking up of flocs or “deflocculation” by the applied mechanical stirring. The flat portions of the curves in the high stirring time range indicate complete redispersion; no further surfaces are available for the adsorption of polymer flocculants. The effect of the intensity of agitation upon adsorption was investigated. Increasing the number of revolutions of the stirrer causes the adsorption curves to rise more sharply. This suggests that the deflocculation also becomes more rapid. At equimolar initial concentrations the rates of adsorption and deflocculation decrease with increasing molecular weight.
Efficient support for partial write operations in replicated databases

We present a new replica control technique targeted at replicated systems in which write operations update a portion of the information in the data item rather than replacing it entirely. The existing protocols capable of supporting partial writes must either perform the writes on all accessible replicas of the data item, or always apply the writes to the same group (quorum set) of replicas. In the former case, the system incurs high message overhead. In the latter case, if any of the replicas in this group fail, additional replicas must be synchronously brought up-to-date during the write operation causing delay to the operation. Also, in both cases, the system loses the advantage of load sharing provided by replication. Our protocol avoids performing the write on all nodes while preserving load sharing and reducing greatly the risk of having to propagate updates synchronously. We describe the protocol, prove it correct, and present a comparative performance study of our protocol and the existing alternatives. >
Training general surgery residents to avoid postoperative cardiac events

Abstract Background Expertise in cardiac risk assessment takes years to acquire, but unnecessary cardiology consultation delays treatment and consumes scarce resources. Methods A retrospective review was performed of the cardiac work-up and postoperative events during 1 year on a general surgery service. Postgraduate year 1–3 general surgery residents were instructed to obtain a cardiology consult if a patient had any of the following: (1) had undergone coronary artery intervention more than 2 years in the past; (2) was taking an anti-anginal medication (nitroglycerine, Ca channel, or β-blocker); or (3) was symptomatic or had an abnormal electrocardiogram. Whether a patient was symptomatic was to be tempered by the nature of the planned procedure. Results Supervised residents screened 720 unique patients for surgery. Cardiology consultation was obtained in 37. All but 1 (97%) patient referred to cardiology met at least 1 of the earlier-described criteria; with 8 (22%) meeting all 3 criteria. On average, patients referred to the cardiologists were taking 1.4 anti-anginal medications; and 1 patient sustained a fatal myocardial infarction after referral. Cardiac imaging (stress test or catheterization) was performed on 24 (65%) referred patients and was positive in 8 (33%). After minimizing cardiac risk by medication or intervention, the surgery service declined to offer the planned procedure to 11 (30%) of the referred patients and an additional 5 (15%) patients declined surgery. The overall surgical mortality was 2%. None of the patients in this series sustained a postoperative myocardial infarction or cardiac death. Postoperative supraventricular tachycardia was not influenced significantly by cardiology consultation (5% referred patients vs 1% nonreferred). Conclusions Our criteria for obtaining cardiology consultation in general surgery patients appears to appropriately select patients in need of further work-up. Information obtained from a cardiac consultation frequently leads to a re-evaluation of the risks and benefits of surgery by both surgeons and patients.
Cysteine protease activation and apoptosis in Murine norovirus infection

Noroviruses are the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis. Because a suitable in vitro culture system for the human virus has yet to be developed, many basic details of the infection process are unknown. Murine norovirus (MNV) serves as a model system for the study of norovirus infection. Recently it was shown that infection of RAW 264.7 cells involved a novel apoptotic pathway involving survivin. Using a different set of approaches, the up-regulation of caspases, DNA condensation/fragmentation, and membrane blebbing, all of which are markers of apoptosis, were confirmed. Live cell imaging and activity-based protein profiling showed that activation of caspase-like proteases occurred within two hours of infection, followed by morphological changes to the cells. MNV infection in the presence of caspase inhibitors proceeded via a distinct pathway of rapid cellular necrosis and reduced viral production. Affinity purification of activity-based protein profiling targets and identification by peptide mass fingerprinting showed that the cysteine protease cathepsin B was activated early in infection, establishing this protein as an upstream activator of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This work adds cathepsin B to the noncanonical programmed cell death induced by MNV, and provides data suggesting that the virus may induce apoptosis to expand the window of time for viral replication. This work also highlights the significant power of activity-based protein profiling in the study of viral pathogenesis.
Plionarctos, a tremarctine bear (Ursidae: Carnivora) from western North America

Abstract The Pliocene Ringold Formation of eastern Washington has yielded important new materials of tremarctine bears of the anagenetic Plionarctos lineage. The genus is reviewed in light of this new material and observations made on other described specimens. One of these was previously described from the medial Hemphillian Rattlesnake Formation of Oregon and is recognized as a tremarctine bear, thus extending the earliest record of the group into the early part of the late Miocene. The late Hemphillian P. edensis, the genotypic species, is rediagnosed, although no new material is added to its hypodym. A new species from the early Blancan White Bluffs sites, P. harroldorum, appears to have been derived from P. edensis. Referred Plionarctos sp. from the medial Blancan Taunton Locality has some dental features that are more derived and approach those of the Pleistocene Tremarctos floridanus. Plionarctos forms a paraphyletic stem-group for the Tremarctinae. Species of this genus can be traced successively ...
Finding Language for What Matters Most: Hosting Conversations about Sexuality in Pastoral Counseling

This article draws from intertwined Gospel accounts, in Luke 8 and elsewhere, of Jesus healing a hemorrhaging woman and a 12-year-old girl presumed dead, building on Capps’s (2008) claim that their physical symptoms manifested intense unconscious anxieties resulting from untenable sexual expectations of their culture. In these cases, healing derives from their capacity to believe in someone who has faith in them (Capps 2008, p. 124). The article encourages contemporary pastoral counselors to attend not only with strenuous professional ethicality but also with subversive moral generosity to minute differences among individuals marginalized due to sexual yearnings perceived to deviate from a presumed societal norm.
Is rapid rise in vascular conductance at onset of dynamic exercise due to muscle pump

We tested the hypothesis that rapid increases in muscle blood flow and vascular conductance (C) at onset of dynamic exercise are caused by the muscle pump. We measured arterial (AP) and central venous pressure (CVP) in nine awake dogs, eight with atrioventricular block, pacemakers, and ascending aortic flow probes for control of cardiac output (CO) (2 also had terminal aortic flow probes). One dog had only an iliac artery probe. At exercise onset (0 and 10% grade, 4 mph) C and CVP rose to early plateaus, and AP reached a nadir, all in 2-5 s. At 20% grade and 4 mph, C increased continuously after its initial sudden rise. Timing and magnitude of initial change in conductance (delta C) were independent of CO, AP, work rate (change in grade at constant speed), or autonomic function (blocked by hexamethonium). Speed of initial delta C and its independence from work rate and blood flow ruled out metabolic vasodilation as its cause; insensitivity to AP and autonomic blockade ruled out myogenic relaxation and sympathetic vasodilation as causes of sudden delta C. Sensitivity to contraction frequency (not work per se) implicates the muscle pump. When reflexes were blocked, a large secondary rise in C, presumably caused by metabolic vasodilation, began after 10 s of mild exercise. When reflexes were intact in mild exercise, C was lowered below its initial plateau by sympathetic vasoconstriction, which partially raised AP from its nadir toward its preexercise level. Our conclusion is that dynamic exercise has a large rapid effect on C that is not explained by known neural, metabolic, myogenic, or hydrostatic influences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Limited tolerance by insects to high temperatures across tropical elevational gradients and the implications of global warming for extinction

The critical thermal maximum (CTmax), the temperature at which motor control is lost in animals, has the potential to determine if species will tolerate global warming. For insects, tolerance to high temperatures decreases with latitude, suggesting that similar patterns may exist along elevational gradients as well. This study explored how CTmax varies among species and populations of a group of diverse tropical insect herbivores, the rolled-leaf beetles, across both broad and narrow elevational gradients. Data from 6,948 field observations and 8,700 museum specimens were used to map the elevational distributions of rolled-leaf beetles on two mountains in Costa Rica. CTmax was determined for 1,252 individual beetles representing all populations across the gradients. Initial morphological identifications suggested a total of 26 species with populations at different elevations displaying contrasting upper thermal limits. However, compared with morphological identifications, DNA barcodes (cytochrome oxidase I) revealed significant cryptic species diversity. DNA barcodes identified 42 species and haplotypes across 11 species complexes. These 42 species displayed much narrower elevational distributions and values of CTmax than the 26 morphologically defined species. In general, species found at middle elevations and on mountaintops are less tolerant to high temperatures than species restricted to lowland habitats. Species with broad elevational distributions display high CTmax throughout their ranges. We found no significant phylogenetic signal in CTmax, geography, or elevational range. The narrow variance in CTmax values for most rolled-leaf beetles, especially high-elevation species, suggests that the risk of extinction of insects may be substantial under some projected rates of global warming.
Thrombocytopenia-associated multi-organ failure caused by diabetic ketoacidosis

Thrombocytopenia-associated multi-organ failure (TAMOF) is an increasingly reported entity in the pediatric intensive care unit. The clinical presentation is similar to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, but with no evidence of hemolysis and no schistocytes on peripheral smear. We report a case of TAMOF induced by diabetic ketoacidosis and treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Early diagnosis and initiation of TPE significantly decrease the morbidity associated with TAMOF.
Islamic and Jewish Perspectives on Interest

The payment and receipt of interest is a violation of both Islamic and Jewish law. Yet, one cannot function without borrowing money, and one must pay for the privilege of doing so. Both Islamic and Jewish law have derived ways to allow payments which substitute for interest, without violating their respective religious precepts. This piece analyzes how IRS should view such transactions.
Angiotensin II binding sites in the conduction system of rat hearts

Angiotensin II binding sites were localized and quantified in the conduction system of the rat heart by autoradiography in combination with computerized microdensitometry. Tissue sections (16-microns thick), containing cardiac vagus ganglia, sinus node, and atrioventricular node, were incubated with 125I-Sar1-angiotensin II to generate autoradiograms that were compared with other autoradiograms from 125I-labeled standards. Angiotensin II binding sites were highly localized in both the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and in the cardiac vagus ganglia. In contrast, binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme, determined by incubation of adjacent tissue sections with the specific enzyme inhibitor 125I-351A, was very low in these areas but high in the cardiac endothelium. Our results suggest that angiotensin II may have direct chronotropic effects through stimulation of specific receptors in the conduction system of the heart and in intrinsic parasympathetic ganglia.
Separation of components of guinea pig complement by chromatography.

SummaryFractionation of guinea pig complement by chromatography on diethyl-aminoethyl cellulose has been explored. C'2 and C'4, as well as the components provisionally designated as C'a and C'b which convert EAC'1,4,2 to E∗, can be separated from one another in a single pass, and the fractions so obtained possess good stability.
Accurate power quality monitoring in microgrids

Traditional power grid is not resistant to severe weather conditions, especially in remote areas. For some areas with few people, such as islands, it is difficult and expensive to maintain their connectivity to the traditional power grid. Therefore, a self-sustainable microgrid is desired. However, given the limited local energy storage and energy generation, it is extremely challenging for a microgrid to balance the power demand and generation in real-time. To realize the real-time power quality monitoring, the power quality information of microgrid, such as voltage, frequency and phase angle in each home, needs to be collected in real- time. Furthermore, the unreliable sensing results and data collection in a microgrid make the real-time data collection more difficult. To address these challenges, we designed an accurate real-time power quality data sensing hardware to sense the voltage, frequency and phase angle in each home. A novel data management technique is also proposed to reconstruct the missing data caused by unreliable sensing. We implemented our system over off-the-shelf smartphones with a few peripheral hardware components, and realized an accuracy of 1.7 mHz and 0.01 rad for frequency and phase angle monitoring, respectively. We also show our data management technique can reconstruct the missing data with more than 99% accuracy.
An effective dynamic load balancing algorithm in embeded system

An effective load balancing algorithm in the embeded computer system based on complex information is proposed. Through changing the load information, it can overcome the shortcoming of locality, which makes the system unable to get global balancing. Firstly, the direct-neighbor load balancing algorithm and its shortcoming are introduced. Secondly, the effective dynamic load balancing algorithm in the embeded system is presented. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the algorithm are given.
Overview of aquaculture feeds: Global impacts of ingredient use

Feed-based aquaculture is an important part of global aquaculture production. Feed use in aquaculture is expected to increase as aquaculture production expands to meet the demands of the growing human population. Aquaculture feeds require fish meal and oil made from pelagic, marine fish and products from agriculture as ingredients. The major concern related to ingredients is the large amount of fish meal and oil used. Aquaculture feed production also requires land and water for producing ingredients, uses energy, and emits carbon dioxide. Water pollution from feed-based aquaculture can negatively affect biodiversity. Impacts of aquaculture feed production and use can be reduced by finding substitutes for fish meal and oil, as well as employing feeding practices that maximize efficiency and minimize waste.
The relationships that matter: Social network site use and social wellbeing among older adults in the United States of America

An increasing number of middle-aged and older Americans are using social network sites (SNSs), but little research has addressed how SNS use is associated with social wellbeing outcomes in this population. Using a nationally representative sample of 1,620 Americans older than 50 from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine the relationship between older adults’ SNS use and social wellbeing associated with non-kin and kin relations and explore how these associations vary by age. Results of ordinary least-squares regression analyses suggest that SNS use is positively associated with non-kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, including perceived support from friends (β = 0.13; p < 0.001; N = 460) and feelings of connectedness (β = 0.10; p < 0.001; N = 463). Regression models employing interaction terms of age and SNS use further reveal that SNS use contributes to feelings of connectedness to a greater extent as people age (β = 0.10; p < 0.001; N = 463). Of all kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, SNS use only predicts increased perceived support from children (β = 0.08; p < 0.05; N = 410), and age negatively shapes this relationship (β = −0.14; p < 0.001; N = 410). As older people engage with an increasingly smaller and narrower network with a greater proportion of kin contacts, our results suggest that SNS use may help older adults access differential social benefits throughout later life.
The Associated Friends in Volume 1:2

The Library has, through the efforts of the Associated Friends, gathered to itself a widely distributed and coherent association of men and women who believe in its work and who are brought together to help it increase its resources and its usefulness. In December we reported the number of members of the Associated Friends as eighty-three, but between the time the December issue of The Journal went to press and April i, the total number of members reached two hundred and thirty-nine, an increase of one hundred and fifty-six new members.
The Effect of Identity on College Performance for Latinos

Several efforts have been made, over the last decade, to decrease the academic gaps between Latinos and Whites students, but most of the accomplishments in these efforts have come at the K-12 levels. Success at the post-secondary level is still discouraging for Latinos. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated why, despite the increase in college-readiness, Latinos are disproportionally disadvantaged in college attainment. This study outlines some of the educational disparities between Latinos and Whites, the earning discrepancies associated with the educational disparities, and the potential issues related to the lack of academic success for Latinos. Lastly, following support for Okagaki's (2001) Triarchic Model of School Achievement, this study tested whether differences between college students' ethnic and academic identities could be used to explain differences in academic performance. Data from 87 students were used to test two hypotheses. Analyses were completed on participants' demographic data...
NFκB and IκBα Engage in an ‘I Fold You, You Fold Me’ Interaction Excluding DNA

Binding of IκBα to NFκB robustly causes cessation of NFκB signalling. This phenomenon is facilitated by the sequestering of p50/p65 NFκB dimers in the cytosol via IκBα's masking of the p65 NLS. Interestingly, IκBα is one of the genes upregulated by NFκB binding to its promoter upon translocation into the nucleus; IκBα then facilitates dissociation of NFκB from DNA, creating a negative feedback loop to turn off the NFκB response. NFκB dimers consist of two domains, a dimerization domain and an N-terminal domain (NTD), which are responsible for dimerization/IκBα binding and DNA binding respectively.
Acute symptomatic hypocalcemia from immune checkpoint therapy-induced hypoparathyroidism.

Abstract Background Ipilimumab (a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4) and nivolumab (a humanized antibody against PD-1) target these immune checkpoint pathways and are used for treatment of melanoma and an increasing number of other cancers. However, they may cause immune-related adverse effects (IRAEs). Although many endocrinopathies are known to be IRAEs, primary hypoparathyroidism with severe hypocalcemia has never been reported. This is the first case of hypoparathyroidism as an IRAE presenting to an Emergency Department with acute hypocalcemia. Case description A 73-year-old man with metastatic melanoma presented to the Emergency Department for the chief complaints of imbalance, general muscle weakness, abdominal pain and tingling in extremities. He had wide spread metastasis, and begun immunotherapy with concurrent ipilimumab and nivolumab 1.5 months ago. At presentation, he had ataxia, paresthesia in the hands and feet, and abdominal cramping. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was unremarkable. He was found to be hypocalcemic with undetectable plasma parathyroid hormone. He was admitted for treatment of symptomatic hypocalcemia and was diagnosed with primary hypoparathyroidism. Shortly afterwards, he had thyrotoxicosis manifesting as tachycardia and anxiety, followed by development of primary hypothyroidism. At 4 months after the Emergency Department visit, his parathyroid function and thyroid function had not recovered, and required continued thyroid hormone replacement and calcium and vitamin D treatment for hypocalcemia. Conclusions Primary hypoparathyroidism caused by ipilimumab and nivolumab may acute manifest with severe symptomatic hypocalcemia. Emergency care providers should be aware of hypoparathyroidism as a new IRAE in this new era of immuno-oncology.
Covariant Formulation of EM-Force

We introduce a covariant Lorentz force written in terms of the newly formed 4-potential vector. We show that it satisfies the established constraints: it is a spacelike 4-vector and it is 4-orthogonal to the 4-velocity. The 0th component of the Lorentz 4-force is recognized as describing the energy transfer from the electromagnetic-field to the particle motion. We next seek a covariant variation-principle. Several approaches are seen in literature: A) the non-covariant relativistic generalization of the usual three dimensional action; B) the covariant generalization based on particle proper time as the evolution parameter; C) a variation of the particle proper times, making it a part of dynamics for the kinetic energy only; and D) we also describe an extension of the case to be fully consistent, with both kinetic and potential terms in the action treated in the same fashion. These different approaches attempt to resolve in different fashions the need to implement the constraint \(c^{2}=u^{2}\) which reduced the number of independent velocity components. An approach that avoids this difficulty was proposed long ago, but in essence was lost in literature; we reintroduce this Hamiltonian-like 4-dimensional alternative based on a mass-function.
Terminology Cross-Domain Final Report

The InterPARES 2 Terminology Cross-Domain has created three terminological instruments in service to the project, and by extension, Archival Science. Over the course of the five-year project this Cross-Domain has collected words, definition, and phrases from extant documents, research tools, models, and direct researcher submission and discussion. From these raw materials, the Cross-Domain has identified a systematic and pragmatic way establishing a coherent view on the concepts involved in dynamic, experiential, and interactive records and systems in the arts, sciences, and e-government.
Peptide Mimetic Drugs for Modulating Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Preclinical Research Hemostasis is the complex physiological process that stems bleeding at an injury site while simultaneously maintaining unobstructed circulation in other areas of the body. This system is kept in balance with finely tuned regulation by pro- and antithrombotic agents. When this balance is thrown out of equilibrium, uncontrolled bleeding, or thrombotic complications can occur. Because of the high number of hemostatic disorders, researchers are continually searching for improved technologies for controlling coagulation. Recently, peptide mimetic strategies have been employed to target and regulate various stages of the coagulation cascade. In this review, we present an overview of the coagulation cascade and provide a summary of various peptide-mimetic approaches for its modulation. Drug Dev Res 78 : 236–244, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
R2 Gravity and the Structure of the Universe

The “standard” hot big bang model accounts for the expansion of the Universe, the existence of the microwave background radiation, and the mass fraction of the light elements up to 4He. It does not account for the high degree of isotropy and homogeneity of the Universe in the large, nor of the existence of structure (galaxies, clusters) on smaller scales. Other problems, such as the lepton to baryon ratio, the preponderance of matter over antimatter, and the “coincidences” of dimensionless ratios of several fundamental physical and cosmological “constants” also lie outside of the “standard” model at present.
Nuclear Changes in Hepatocytes of Patients with Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis

Abstract Experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis infection has been shown to produce two distinct ultrastructural changes in chimpanzees: intranuclear particles and intracytoplasmic tubular structures. We report our observations of intranuclear particles in humans with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. These particles appear to be specific for at least one type of non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Molecular Targets of Chemical Mutagens

Most mutagens are biologically active by virtue of their chemical reactivity. The pioneering work of the Millers (reviewed in Miller and Miller, 1974, 1981) and others (Searle, 1984 and references therein) clearly established that most chemical mutagens (or their metabolites) are electrophilic and covalently bind to cellular macromolecules. Proteins were first identified as cellular targets (Miller, 1951), and it was soon recognized that RNA and DNA are also extensively damaged by mutagens (for reviews see: Searle, 1984; Miller and Miller, 1974). Theoretically, every cellular nucleophile is a potential target for damage by electrophilic mutagens.
Critical Windows in Animal Development: Interactions Between Environment, Phenotype, and Time

Observable phenotypic traits of an animal are a result of the interaction between the genome and environment. Differences in phenotypic traits between individuals induced by the environment, an indicator of phenotypic plasticity, may have immediate and long-term consequences for individuals, populations, and species. During development, animals are often most responsive or susceptible to changes in their environment, and phenotypic plasticity can be particularly prevalent. It is increasingly apparent that the way in which the environment influences an animal’s physiology may differ not just across a species’ lifetime but also within a species’ ontogeny. Periods of development during which an animal may show greater likelihood of phenotypic changes are termed “critical windows” or “sensitive periods.” Across animal taxa, experiments utilize exposures to particular environmental, chemical, or pharmacological stressors at certain time points of development to detect and understand critical windows during development. This chapter examines the emergence of critical windows as an important physiological concept using examples from the literature that span model and non-model invertebrates and vertebrates exposed to a range of environmental conditions. This chapter also outlines considerations for the continued search for critical windows. Critical window experimental designs can range in complexity, and variables such as the timing of exposures, if a single or multiple doses of a stressor are used, and when endpoints are assessed should be considered. A continued focus on critical windows will no doubt contribute to our growing knowledge of the interaction between the environment and physiology during animal development.
Silêncios no feminino no Boletim da Agência Geral das Colónias/do Ultramar

This article focuses on the “silences of the feminine” in the Boletim da Agencia Geral das Colonias [Bulletin of the General Agency of the Colonies/Overseas], that is, on the (almost complete) absence of women as writers in the pages of such an important vehicle of the colonial press. I intend to analyze and evaluate the reasons for this absence, beginning with the principle that silences should be recovered for a better understanding of Portuguese colonial history.
Learned Mindfulness—An Emotional Intelligence Perspective

Abstract Mindfulness is a state of mind, a “presence” one experiences. It is alert relaxedness allowing whatever sensations, feelings, or thoughts experienced at that present moment to flow through mental space, merely witnessed, noted, then allowed to move on. Learned Mindfulness practice enhances knowing and showing mindful awareness in everyday living. Mindfulness memory is the capacity to recall or to be mindful of the entire range of ideas, feelings, and activities proper and conducive to health, well-being, and wellness. Learned Mindfulness is true to this definition by emphasizing its hitherto eclipsed essential: emotional awareness as an alerting, energizer for a holistic self-attentive awareness. Leveraging the best at each experiential moment is the prime way to improve a mindful quality of life—Mindful Mindedness, paying attention mindfully. Practicing pause is a clinical tool and exercise used daily to build a mindfulness work memory. Learned Mindfulness is education preventing and improving the burnout syndrome. Once learned, mindfulness exists as a baseline awareness.
Microbiome‐Skin‐Brain Axis: A Novel Paradigm for Cutaneous Wounds

Chronic wounds cause a significant burden on society financially, medically, and psychologically. Unfortunately, patients with nonhealing wounds often suffer from comorbidities that further compound their disability. Given the high rate of depressive symptoms experienced by patients with chronic wounds, further studies are needed to investigate the potentially linked pathophysiological changes in wounds and depression in order to improve patient care. The English literature on wound healing, inflammatory and microbial changes in chronic wounds and depression, and antiinflammatory and probiotic therapy was reviewed on PubMed. Chronic wound conditions and depression were demonstrated to share common pathologic features of dysregulated inflammation and altered microbiome, indicating a possible relationship. Furthermore, alternative treatment strategies such as immune-targeted and probiotic therapy showed promising potential by addressing both pathophysiological pathways. However, many existing studies are limited to a small study population, a cross-sectional design that does not establish temporality, or a wide range of confounding variables in the context of a highly complex and multifactorial disease process. Therefore, additional preclinical studies in suitable wound models, as well as larger clinical cohort studies and trials are necessary to elucidate the relationship between wound microbiome, healing, and depression, and ultimately guide the most effective therapeutic and management plan for chronic wound patients.
Biometric Access to Training Devices as a Security Protocol in Flight Training

Mechanical locks and keys are conventional access control devices utilized for both flight training devices and training aircraft, but keys can be copied, locks can be bypassed, and in the case of electronic flight training devices, unqualified instructors or students may utilize the equipment, possibly causing the equipment to fail. The faculty in the Aviation Technology Department at Purdue University performed this study to determine if biometric usage is a feasible and secure method in operating a flight training device and eventually securing an actual aircraft versus the older lock and key method. A Finger-vein biometric reader was installed onto a Frasca Advanced Aviation Training Device (AATD) and the software was installed such that identification had to be made prior to the program being able to initialize. The data collected from the survey includes information such as user interface issues and conditions which affect the failure reads such the placement of the flight instructor’s finger on the biometric device.
Jointly Maximizing Throughput and Utilization for Dense Enterprise WLANs

With the incremental use and development of the mobile device, mobile computing, and mobile application, a mobile device user must access the internet from everywhere. Enterprise Wireless LANs (E-WLANs), that is WiFi connectivity enabled by the university, airport, or other enterprise campus environment has become a prominent way of accessing the Internet in the urban area because of an easier and secure way of accessing network. To give better experiences to the user, E-WLANs are deployed densely and a user can be association range of multiple Access Point (AP). The traditional way of accessing AP for the user i.e., strongest RSSI based access would cause the imbalance of the number of user per AP which lead resource waste and reduction of overall network throughput and utilization. In this paper, we propose a scheme which aims to maximize the overall network throughput as well as utilization by considering diverse user demand and AP capacity. A relaxation algorithm is proposed where we consider relaxation and rounding techniques for the solution of the optimization problem. Our evaluation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is significantly superior in term of network throughput, utilization and fairness index.
Angle Domain Massive MIMO-OFDMA Using a Scalar Channel Estimate

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology has the potential to deliver high spectral efficiencies by leveraging the ability to form narrow beams that can be resolve users based on location. Complexity is a significant barrier, particularly for massive MIMO systems employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). This paper presents a simple technique for employing multiple-beamforming on the downlink of massive MIMO-OFDM systems. With a focus on practicability, the channel state information (CSI) is specified with only two scalar parameters, namely, beam angle and average channel signal to noise ratio. A novel channel estimation procedure is described, wherein, all mobile users will acquire CSI simultaneously using circularly-shifted pseudo-noise training sequences. The base station then performs an optimization task to identify suitable spectrum (or subcarriers) for each user. We have shown an iterative algorithm for orthogonal multiple access in this paper. Extension to non-orthogonal multiple access is straightforward. Simulation results are presented to show the behavior of our multiple-beam OFDM technique. We have considered only the cellular downlink in this paper.
Design and Analysis of Multiload Inductive Power Transfer System Using Bilateral-Excitation Scheme

The repeaters in cascade structure can be used to suppress the cross coupling between the nonadjacent repeaters in multiload inductive power transfer (ML-IPT) system. In this article, the cascade repeaters used in the ML-IPT system work both as power transmitters and load carriers. Based on the cascade scheme, the system models of two ML-IPT systems with single-excitation (SE) scheme for different load position are established and high-order compensations are designed to achieve constant load currents. Referring to the topologies of the two ML-IPT systems with SE scheme, a bilateral-excitation (BE) scheme is further proposed to improve output currents and system reliability, and the comparison of the conventional scheme and the proposed scheme is also presented. Finally, a prototype of ML-IPT system with the proposed BE scheme is built, where the maximum deviation of the output currents is less than 13% and the maximum power transfer efficiency reaches 89.2% for an eight-load case.
Saline-polyethylene glycol blends preserve in vitro annulus fibrosus hydration and mechanics: An experimental and finite-element analysis.

Abstract Precise control of tissue water content is essential for ensuring accurate, repeatable, and physiologically relevant measurements of tissue mechanics and biochemical composition. While previous studies have found that saline and polyethylene glycol (PEG) blends were effective at controlling tendon and ligament hydration levels, this work has yet to be extended to the annulus fibrosus (AF). Thus, the first objective of this study was to determine and validate an optimal buffer solution for targeting and maintaining hydration levels of tissue-level AF specimens in vitro. This was accomplished by measuring the transient swelling behavior of bovine AF specimens in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and PEG buffers across a wide range of concentrations. Sub-failure, failure, and post-failure mechanics were measured to determine the relationship between changes in tissue hydration and tensile mechanical response. The effect of each buffer solution on tissue composition was also assessed. The second objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using multi-phasic finite element models to investigate tissue swelling and mechanical responses in different external buffer solutions. A solution containing 6.25%w/v PBS and 6.25%w/v PEG effectively maintained tissue-level AF specimen hydration at fresh-frozen levels after 18 h in solution. Modulus, failure stress, failure strain, and post-failure toughness of specimens soaked in this solution for 18 h closely matched those of fresh-frozen specimens. In contrast, specimens soaked in 0.9%w/v PBS swelled over 100% after 18 h and exhibited significantly diminished sub-failure and failure properties compared to fresh-frozen controls. The increased cross-sectional area with swelling contributed to but was not sufficient to explain the diminished mechanics of PBS-soaked specimens, suggesting additional sub-tissue scale mechanisms. Computational simulations of these specimens generally agreed with experimental results, highlighting the feasibility and importance of including a fluid-phase description when models aim to provide accurate predictions of biological tissue responses. As numerous previous studies suggest that tissue hydration plays a central role in maintaining proper mechanical and biological function, robust methods for controlling hydration levels are essential as the field advances in probing the relationship between tissue hydration, aging, injury, and disease.
Accurate classification of depression through optimized machine learning models on high-dimensional noisy data

Abstract Motivation Depressive disorders are highly prevalent and impairing psychiatric conditions with neurocognitive abnormalities, including reduced event-related potential (ERP) measures of reward processing and emotional reactivity. Accurate classification of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) based on ERP data could help improve our understanding of these alterations and propel novel diagnostic or screening measures. However, it has been particularly challenging due to the lack of generalization for noisy raw data with small sample sizes. We aim to improve classification performance for MDD using noisy ERP datasets using machine learning (ML) techniques. Results We have developed two optimizations in our ML-based analysis of ERP datasets: effective feature extraction in the preprocessing of high-dimensional noisy data and enhanced classification through ensemble ML models. Together with a carefully designed validation strategy, our techniques provide a highly accurate method for MDD classification even for ERP data that are limited in sample size, inherently noisy and high-dimensional in nature. Our experimental results demonstrate that our ML optimizations achieve great accuracy and nearly perfect sensitivity simultaneously, particularly in classifying data samples unseen during the training process, compared to prior studies that perform regression-based classifications. Supplementary information A supplementary document on ERP data collection is available.
Student Perceptions of Leadership Qualities in Respiratory Therapy

Background: Limited research exists specific to leadership qualities within the respiratory care (RC) profession. The aim of this study was to identify and determine student perceptions of leadership qualities and receive feedback from respiratory care leaders interviewed. Methods: IRB approval obtained from Midwestern State University (MSU), filed with Texas State University (TSU). A semi-structured interview was developed specific to respiratory care leadership as part of a respiratory care leadership course where students enrolled in two Texas Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Care (BSRC) programs interviewed RC leaders during the 2019-2021 academic years. All student (n = 120) identifiers were anonymized and uploaded into the Quirkos software program (www.quirkos.com) for thematic content analysis. The RC leaders completed an anonymous Survey Monkey™ survey to obtain perceptions of the student interview experience. Simple analysis was completed. Results: Saturation was obtained after 36 submissions, 18 samples from each BSRC program. Analysis resulted in 3 themes: 1. Personality traits; 2. professionalism; and 3. continuing education. Personality themes were related to accountability and communication. Themes associated with professionalism were reinvesting in the future, recognition, and professional networking. Continuing education was linked to growth through education, taking advantage of learning opportunities and constructive criticism. Of the respiratory care leaders, 100% (n = 50) participated, yet 2 did not complete the survey. All (n = 50) agree or strongly agree they participate in the interview because respiratory care students represent the future. While 98% (n = 49) agreed or strongly agreed they would participate in the future when asked. Only 48 Leaders (96%) agreed or strongly agreed the interview questions were appropriate. Conclusions: Future RC leaders may consider personality traits, professionalism and continuing education when pursuing leadership roles. Furthermore, current RC leaders have a strong desire to continue supporting this project.
Fresh Pond: The History of a Cambridge Landscape

Fresh Pond Reservation, at the northwest edge of Cambridge, Massachusetts, has been described as a "landscape loved to death." Certainly it is a landscape that has been changed by its various uses over the years and one to which Cantabridgeans and Bostonians have felt an intense attachment. Henry James returned to it in his sixties, looking for "some echo of the dreams of youth," feeling keenly "the pleasure of memory"; a Harvard student of the 1850s fondly remembered skating parties and the chance of "flirtation with some fair-ankled beauty of breezy Boston"; modern residents argue fiercely over dogs being allowed to run free at the reservation and whether soccer or nature is a more valuable experience for Cambridge schoolchildren. In Fresh Pond, Jill Sinclair tells the story of the pond and its surrounding land through photographs, drawings, maps, plans, and an engaging narrative of the pond's geological, historical, and political ecology. Fresh Pond has been a Native American hunting and fishing ground; the site of an eighteenth-century hotel offering bowling, food and wine, and impromptu performances by Harvard men; a summer retreat for wealthy Bostonians; a training ground for trench warfare; a location for picnics and festivals for workers and sporting activities for all. The parkland features an Olmsted design, albeit an imperfectly realized one. The pond itself--a natural lake carved out by the retreating Ice Age about 15,000 years ago--was a center of the nineteenth-century ice industry (disparaged by Thoreau, writing about another pond), and still supplies the city of Cambridge with fresh drinking water. Sinclair's celebration of a local landscape also alerts us to broader issues--shifts in public attitudes toward nature (is it brutal wilderness or in need of protection?) and water (precious commodity or limitless flow?)--that resonate as we remake our relationship to the landscape.
Linear ruby scale and one megabar

This paper is about the ruby R1 fluorescence, its nonlinear pressure dependence at high pressures, and matters related to this, such as Claims of one megabar in opposed anvil diamond devices. Experiments will be described which give Upper bounds on the pressures available using supported uniaxial opposed cemented tungsten carbide anvils and which give Upper bounds on the pressure attainable using opposed diamond anvil devices. Direct static determination of the transition pressures of GaP by two methods will be described; both lead to a pressure of 17 to 18 GPa, substantially le ss than the 22 GPa found on the linear ruby scale. Then an example is given in which the use of shock-based ‘marker materials’ such as silver, when used as the basis of pressure measurement in x-ray diffraction experiments, leads to bulk moduli of cubic carbides (at pressure) which are in extreme disagreement with the expected values. Moreover, use of the marker method has led to indications of pressures of 55 GPa in uniaxial supported opposed anvil devices of 3% cobalt cemented tungsten carbide; however, the attainable pressures in such devices do not exceed about 20 GPa.