cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Gleason score, prostate specific antigen, seminal vesicle and margin status to predict biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: We determine the importance of clinical and pathological variables for predicting biochemical progression in patients after surgery for specimen confined prostate cancer. We developed a simple scoring algorithm for biochemical progression in node negative cases and tested the algorithm performance on an independent group.Materials and Methods: Our study included 2,518 patients with pT2N0 or pT3N0 disease treated between 1990 and 1993. Gleason score, preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA), margin status, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, DNA ploidy and adjuvant treatment were primary variables analyzed univariately. The Cox proportional hazards model was used on 2,000 randomly selected patients to develop a multivariate scoring algorithm for the aforementioned factors to predict biochemical progression-free survival. The final model included Gleason score, preoperative PSA, margin status, seminal vesicle involvement and adjuvant treatment. The prognostic score derived fr...
Torture--Does Timing Matter?

Maybe, sometimes, it is permissible to torture so as to prevent truly catastrophic things from happening. Is it sometimes permissible to torture so as to prevent less-than-truly-catastrophic things from happening? Inspired by Frances Kamm, I argue that it is. Treat this result with caution.
INDUCTION OF COMPLETE REMISSION IN T-ALL BY DEOXYCO FARMYCIN (dcf) AND ARA-A: 236

The combination of dcf and Ara-A was used in a terminally-ill patient with refractory T-ALL who suffered from persistent and recurrent malignant pleural and pericardial effusion and severe lower leg edema secondary to abdominal lymphadenopathy. After 1st course of dcf at 5 mg/m plus continuous infusion of Ara-A at 8 mg/kg/d × 5d, he went into complete hematological remission at 3 weeks, along with resolution of lower leg edema, pericardial effusion, and decreased rate of reaccumulation of pleural effusion. He received a 2nd course with 2 daily injections of dcf plus 3 daily infusions of Ara-A and remained in marrow remission. However, a bone marrow relapse occurred at week 7. He was given two more courses of 3 daily injections of dcf plus 5 daily infusions of Ara-A. Although there was total ablation of ADA activity in the mononuclear cells of both peripheral blood and bone marrow, remission was not achieved. The above treatment was well tolerated with the exception of transient episodes of drowsiness and hallucination which occurred in 3 of the 4 courses. Myelosuppression was mild and transient in all but the 1st course. The serum Ara-A peaked at 12 to 28μM at the end of infusion. Ara-ATP in blood peaked at 47 and 44 nmol/ml in 1st and 2nd course, respectively, and dATP at 190 and 110 nmol/ml, respectively. These findings suggest that the combination of dcf and Ara-A at the given dose is effective and safe for the treatment of T-ALL.
T-cell membrane antigens associated with cytotoxic function

In the past few years the first steps have been taken towards an understanding of the molecular basis of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Particular attention has been paid to the part played in cytoxicity by idiotype-bearing antigen-receptors and other molecules on the T-cell surface. This article reviews these studies and focuses on the information obtained from studies on the inhibition of cytotoxic T cells with antisera or monoclonal antibodies directed against molecules on their surface.
Ten-year experience with hematoma-directed ultrasound-guided (HUG) breast lumpectomy

Background Pain, patient inconvenience, vasovagal symptoms, scheduling problems, wire malposition, and a positive margin rate of 40–75% are problems commonly associated with needle localized biopsy (NLBB). Despite these issues, NLBB is still the primary means of identifying nonpalpable lesions in the breast. We hypothesized that the hematoma-directed ultrasound-guided (HUG) procedure for intraoperative localization of nonpalpable lesions would allow for lumpectomy without the downfalls of needle localization and decrease the high positive-margin rate with NLBB.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF UDIMET 720 : A NICKEL-BASE ALLOY

Analyse par microscopie ionique a emission de champ-sonde atomique, microscopie electronique analytique, spectrometrie SIMS de la microstructure et de la composition chimique du superalliage. L'alliage est constitue d'une matrice γ avec des precipites coherentsψ. De grosses particules de carbures se forment aux joints de grains et de macles par un traitement thermique normalise en 4 etapes. Observation d'une segregation de bore et de carbone aux interfacesψ/ψ, d'une segregation de bore aux joints de macles et de grains
The Field algebra and its positive linear functionals

We show that positive linear functionals on the field algebra are necessarily continuous and can be represented by conical measures. Furthermore extension theorems for continuous linear functionals, defined on a subspace of the field algebra, to positive linear functionals are discussed.
A statistical study of interplanetary shocks and pressure pulses internal to magnetic clouds

[1] We have examined Wind field and plasma data over the time period from November of 1994 through August of 2003 to find cases of interplanetary shocks and pressure pulses internal to magnetic clouds for which we could determine accurate shock normal directions. We have found eight cases in 82 clouds, so these shocks and pressure pulses occurred in approximately 10% of the Wind magnetic clouds. Of the eight cases, six were forward shocks and two were pressure pulses. The internal shocks and pressure pulses tend to occur in the latter half of the clouds, i.e., timewise, about two-thirds of the way through. In every case the magnetic field change is highly compressive at the shock showing little or no change (<10°) in angle during or after the magnitude jump. These shocks and pressure pulses internal to magnetic clouds appear to be associated with outline asymmetric halo coronal mass ejections of greater than average speed which may imply an interaction between an earlier, slower halo CME and a later, faster, off-center CME driving a strong shock, but other interpretations are possible and they are discussed.
Effect of stocking density on social, feeding, and lying behavior of prepartum dairy animals

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of prepartum stocking density on social, lying, and feeding behavior of dairy animals and to investigate the relationship between social rank and stocking density. In total, 756 Jersey animals were enrolled in the study approximately 4 wk before expected calving date. This study used 8 experimental units (4 replicates × 2 pens/treatment per replicate), and at each replicate, one pen each of nulliparous and parous (primiparous and multiparous) animals per treatment was enrolled. The 2 treatments were 80% stocking density (80D, 38 animals per pen; each pen with 48 headlocks and 44 stalls) and 100% stocking density (100D, 48 animals per pen). Parous animals were housed separately from nulliparous animals. Animals at 254±3d of gestation were balanced for parity (parous vs. nulliparous) and projected 305-d mature-equivalent milk yield (only parous animals) and randomly assigned to either 80D or 100D. Displacements from the feed bunk were measured for 3h after fresh feed delivery on d 2, 5, and 7 of each week. Feeding behavior was measured for 24-h periods (using 10-min video scan sampling) on d 2, 5, and 7 on wk 1 of every replicate and d 2 and 5 for the following 4 wk. A displacement index (proportion of successful displacements from the feed bunk relative to all displacements the animal was involved in) was calculated for each animal and used to categorize animals into ranking categories of high, middle, and low. Seventy nulliparous and 64 parous focal animals in the 80D treatment and 89 nulliparous and 74 parous focal animals in the 100D were used to describe lying behavior (measured with data loggers). Animals housed at 80D had fewer daily displacements from the feed bunk than those housed at 100D (15.2±1.0 vs. 21.3±1.0 per day). Daily feeding times differed between nulliparous and parous animals at the 2 stocking densities. Nulliparous 80D animals spent 12.4±5.0 fewer minutes per day feeding than nulliparous 100D animals, whereas 100D parous animals tended to spend 7.6±4.5 fewer minutes per day feeding than 80D parous animals. The 2 treatments were not different in the number of lying bouts or lying-bout duration; lying time was longer for 100D on d −33, −29, and −26 and shorter on d −7, −5, and 0 than 80D. The interaction between treatment, parity, and social rank was associated with lying and feeding times. In summary, animals in the 80D treatment had a lower number of displacements from the feed bunk and spent more time lying down near parturition than 100D animals, and 80D nulliparous animals had reduced daily feeding time compared with 100D nulliparous animals. Although these results showed some potential behavior benefits of a prepartum stocking density of 80% compared with 100%, observed changes were small. However, greater stocking density cannot be recommended; more research is needed to evaluate the effects of stocking densities greater than 100% and with other breeds of cattle besides Jersey.
Critical issues in reforming rural mental health service delivery

Critical issues in reforming rural mental health service delivery systems under health care reform are outlined. It is argued that the exclusive focus on health care financing reform fails to include obstacles to effective mental health service delivery in rural areas, which should focus on issues of availability, accessibility, and acceptability, as well as financing and accountability. Characteristics of rural areas are delineated and three assumptions about the structure of rural communities which are shaping the dialogue on rural health and mental health service delivery are examined. These assumptions include the notion that rural communities are more closely knit than urban ones, that rural services can be effectively delivered through urban hubs, and that rural dwellers represent a low risk population which can be effectively served through existing facilities and by extending existing services.
Hedgehog Proteins Play A Role In Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Hedgehog proteins are embryonic induction factors that play a role in the development of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The Hedgehog proteins and their signaling pathway continue to be expressed in the adult nervous system, where their role is not known. In adult peripheral nerve, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in a subset of motor neurons, Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) is expressed in Schwann cells, and the Hedgehog receptor Patched (Ptc) and the Hedgehog-responsive transcription factor Gli are expressed predominantly in perineurial cells. We have used the mouse sciatic nerve crush model to assess whether the Hedgehog pathway plays a role in nerve regeneration. The sciatic nerve was crushed in adult, male CD-1 mice, and the expression of Dhh, Ptc-1, Ptc-2 and Gli-1 was examined 1, 3, 7 and 13 days later. The ability of exogenous and endogenous Hedgehog proteins to influence functional recovery after nerve crush was assessed by measuring toe spread and ability to grip with the hindpaws. Little change in expression was seen 1 or 3 days after nerve crush. At 7 days and, to a greater extent, 13 days, there was a pronounced increase in expression of Dhh in Schwann cells and Ptc-1 in perineurial cells. Expression of Ptc-2 and Gli-1 increased not only in the perineurial layer, but also in the endoneurium. Treatment with a Shh-Ig fusion protein (1 mg/kg s.c. every other day) improved recovery of both toe spread and ability to grip. Conversely, treatment with an anti-Hedgehog neutralizing antibody (10 mg/kg s.c. every other day) slowed functional recovery, while an isotype control antibody had no effect. These findings suggest that endogenous Hedgehog proteins play a role in promoting regeneration following nerve injury and that administration of exogenous Hedgehog proteins can further accelerate recovery of injured peripheral nerves. Therefore, Hedgehog proteins may be useful in the treatment of nerve injury and peripheral neuropathies.
Industrial buyers' risk aversion and channel selection

Abstract A variety of risk reduction strategies have been used by industrial buyers to cope with both personal and organizational risk incurred in the buying process. However, the issue of channel selection has heretofore not been addressed. This study examines the question of whether buyers use channel selection as a means of reducing both financial and performance risk in industrial purchasing. The results show differentiation in the channels chosen by industrial buyers according to various characteristics of the buying situation, leading to the conclusion that both financial and performance risk impact channel selection.
Motion measurement for high-accuracy real-time airborne SAR

A real-time airborne synthetic aperture radar requires accurate measurement of the antenna at high and low frequencies to produce well-focused images with minimal target location errors. Sandia National Laboratories achieves accurate motion measurement by updating a navigation solution derived from an inertial measurement unit with global positioning system measurements via a unique Kalman filter. An overview of the motion measurement design and implementation is presented for the Lynx and Rapid Terrain Visualization radars, as well as results from a variety of experiments.
Applications of Generalized Inverses to Estimation in Dynamic Systems

Generalized matrix inverses are used to obtain an estimation procedure for estimation of the state vector of a dynamic system. This sequential procedure is studied analytically with respect to the choice of an arbitrary vector. The covariance matrix of the estimator is determined and compared to the optimal Kalman type procedure. A numerical example illustrates the procedure and compares it to the optimal one.
Structure and navigation for electronic publishing

The sudden explosion of the World Wide Web as a new publication medium has given a dramatic boost to the electronic publishing industry, which previously was a limited market centered around CD-ROMs and on-line databases. While the phenomenon has parallels to the advent of the tabloid press in the middle of last century, the electronic nature of the medium brings with it the typical characteristic of 4th wave media, namely the acceleration in its propagation speed and the volume of information. Consequently, e-publications are even flatter than print media; Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet share the same computer screen with a home-made plagiarized copy of Deep Throat. The most touted tool for locating useful information on the World Wide Web is the search engine. However, due to the medium's flatness, sought information is drowned in a sea of useless information. A better solution is to build tools that allow authors to structure information so that it can easily be navigated. We experimented with the use of ontologies as a tool to formulate structures for information about a specific topic, so that related concepts are placed in adjacent locations and can easily be navigated using simple and ergonomic user models. We describe our effort in building a World Wide Web based photo album that is shared among a small network of people.
Folic acid supplementation improves microvascular function in older adults through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms

Older adults have reduced vascular endothelial function, evidenced by attenuated nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation. Folic acid and its metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), are reported to improve vessel function. We hypothesized that (i) local 5-MTHF administration and (ii) chronic folic acid supplementation would improve cutaneous microvascular function in ageing through NO-dependent mechanisms. There were two separate studies in which there were 11 young (Y: 22±1 years) and 11 older (O: 71±3 years) participants. In both studies, two intradermal microdialysis fibres were placed in the forearm skin for local delivery of lactated Ringer's solution with or without 5 mM 5-MTHF. Red cell flux was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Cutaneous vascular conductance [CVC=red cell flux/mean arterial pressure] was normalized as percentage maximum CVC (%CVCmax) (28 mM sodium nitroprusside, local temperature 43°C). In study 1 after CVC plateaued during local heating, 20 mM N G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was perfused at each site to quantify NO-dependent vasodilatation. The local heating plateau (%CVCmax: O=82±3 vs Y=96±1, P =0.002) and NO-dependent vasodilatation (%CVCmax: O=26±6% vs Y=49±5, P =0.03) were attenuated in older participants. 5-MTHF augmented the overall (%CVCmax=91±2, P =0.03) and NO-dependent (%CVCmax=43±9%, P =0.04) vasodilatation in older but not young participants. In study 2 the participants ingested folic acid (5 mg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. A rise in oral temperature of 1°C was induced using a water-perfused suit, body temperature was held and 20 mM L-NAME was perfused at each site. Older participants had attenuated reflex (%CVCmax: O=31±8 vs Y=44±5, P =0.001) and NO-dependent (%CVCmax: O=9±2 vs Y=21±2, P =0.003) vasodilatation. Folic acid increased CVC (%CVCmax=47±5%, P =0.001) and NO-dependent vasodilatation (20±3%, P =0.003) in the older but not the young participants. Both local perfusion of 5-MTHF and supplementation with folic acid increase vasodilatation in ageing individuals through NO-dependent mechanisms. Abbreviations: 5-MTHF, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; BH2, dihydrobiopterin; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; BMI, body mass index; COX, cyclo-oxygenase; CVC, cutaneous vascular conductance; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; LDF, laser/Doppler flowmetry; L-NAME, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, nitric oxide synthase
Ultrastructure of Shell Gland Tissue from Hens Producing Good and Poor Eggshells

Abstract Shell gland tissue from a group of hens producing good egg shells as determined by specific gravity of eggs was compared to shell gland tissue from a group of hens producing poor egg shells. Tissue samples were obtained 10–13 hr after oviposition. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study subsurface ultrastructure of the shell glands. Ultrastructure of the shell gland was not found to vary with the type of egg shell that the hen was producing. Shell gland surface ultrastructure was investigated by using the scanning electron microscope. Ciliated and non-ciliated cells were found to be present on the shell gland surface. There appeared to be a larger amount of material fixed on the surfaces of shell gland tissue from hens producing eggs with good shells.
Accountability for health outcomes and the proper unit of analysis: what do the experts think?

Background. An invitational conference was held in Dearborn, MI, in April of 1998 to discuss technical and conceptual issues related to the general topic of using outcomes data to compare plans, networks, and providers. Approximately 150 researchers, clinicians, purchasers, and representatives of accreditation bodies and government agencies attended. Survey of participants. At the opening session, attendees participated in an electronic survey exercise designed to identify areas of agreement of disagreement on controversial issues related to the main conference topic. Main findings. There was general agreement about the basic concept of health plan and provider accountability for health outcomes, and about the need for further development of data sources and case-mix adjustment models. There was disagreement about other issues, including questions of who should bear the cost of collecting outcomes data and whether results should be analyzed at health plan, network, or individual clinician level. Conclusion. A group of experts agreed on the importance of reporting comparative outcomes data, but disagreed on many of the technical details of how that could best be done. Keywords: accountability, health plans, outcomes
Spatial Average Velocity of Carrier Gas is Proportional to Column Pressure Drop

While the commonly known temporal average velocity of a carrier gas is approximately proportional to the pressure drop along a column, the spatial average velocity is exactly proportional to that pressure.
Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: A radiology case report

Abstract Objective: To discuss the case of a patient with osteochondritis dissecans, a common disorder primarily affecting children and adolescent patients that involves the medial femoral condyle, and to examine its radiologic appearance. Clinical Features: A 25-year-old man with knee pain sought treatment at a chiropractic clinic. The patient had a 2-year history of left knee pain that was exacerbated by activity and relieved with rest. Plain film radiography of the knee revealed findings consistent with osteochondritis dessicans. Intervention and Outcome: The patient was promptly referred for a concurrent orthopedic consultation with subsequent management. A trial basis of conservative care was initiated with the possibility of future surgical intervention if necessary. Conclusions: Osteochondritis dissecans is a common disorder of unknown and perhaps controversial cause. The disease is characterized by a fragment of articular cartilage and subchondral bone (osteochondral fragment) that becomes separated from the underlying bone. Treatment is aimed primarily at the preservation of articular surface congruity. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000;23:347–51)
The Counselor as Contingency Manager.

Aspects of contingency management are discussed as they relate to counseling. Three case studies illustrate the role of a counselor as a contingency manager and adviser to teachers in the application of behavior modification techniques to common classroom problems.
Outcome of 121 Patients with Congenitally Corrected Transpositionof the Great Arteries

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare disorder with reduced survival that is influenced by the presence of associated anomalies, tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and right ventricular (RV) function. The double switch procedure has been proposed as an aggressive surgical approach in selected patients. We sought to review our experience with conventional repair to determine if a change in surgical strategy was warranted. Clinical records of 121 patients with ccTGA and two adequate-sized ventricles were retrospectively reviewed. Median length of follow-up was 9.3 years; 5-, 10-, and 20-year survival rates were 92%, 91%, and 75%, respectively. Surgery was performed in 86 patients, including conventional biventricular repair in 47 patients. Risk factors for mortality by univariate analysis included age at biventricular repair (p = 0.04), complete atrioventricular (AV) canal defect (p = 0.02), dextrocardia (p = 0.05), moderate or severe TR (p = 0.05), and poor RV function (p = 0.001). By multivariate analysis, complete AV canal defect (p = 0.006) and poor RV function (p = 0.002) remained significant as risk factors for mortality. Risk factors for the development of significant TR included conventional biventricular repair (p = 0.03) and complete AV block (p = 0.04). Risk factors for progressive RV dysfunction included conventional biventricular repair (p = 0.02), complete AV block (p = 0.001), and moderate or severe TR (p < 0.001). This is the largest nonselected cohort of patients with ccTGA followed at a single center. Our results confirm that significant TR and poor RV function are risk factors for poor outcome and provide convincing evidence that patients undergoing conventional biventricular repair are at higher risk for deterioration of tricuspid valve and right ventricular function compared to palliated or unoperated patients. We support a move toward an alternative surgical approach (double switch procedure) in carefully selected patients.
Psychometric Properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire for DSM-IV Among Four Racial Groups

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV (GAD-Q-IV) is a self-report diagnostic measure of generalized anxiety disorder. Previous studies have established the psychometric properties of the GAD-Q-IV, revealing excellent diagnostic specificity and sensitivity as well as good test-retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity (Newman et al., 2002). Recent analyses with other measures of anxiety symptoms have revealed differences across racial or national groups. Given that the GAD-Q-IV was tested primarily on Caucasians (78%), the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the psychometric properties of the GAD-Q-IV across four racial groups: African American, Caucasian, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian. A student sample of 585 undergraduate psychology students completed the GAD-Q-IV as well as other measures of anxiety symptoms. A clinical replication sample included 188 participants who completed the GAD-Q-IV as part of a larger psychotherapy study. Results indicated excellent and very similar factor structures in the student sample and similar psychometric properties in both samples across the racial groups. Implications for the use of the GAD-Q-IV across racial groups are discussed.
The taste for green: The possibilities and dynamics of status differentiation through “green” consumption

Abstract Recent social science scholarship on “green” consumption (consumption promoted as relatively environmentally friendly) has connected it to social status, positioning it as an opportunity for consumers to signal their social status conspicuously. I show that the practice of green consumption does appeal to the relatively well-educated, but argue that the social differentiation implicated in green consumption occurs, in part, through the expression of tastes that do not rely on conspicuous signaling and that are contingent on the symbolic nature of the goods themselves. The paper employs a logistic regression analysis on national data from a 2008 ABC News/Discovery Channel/Stanford University survey of American adults to show that an increasing level of education is positively related to the odds of finding green consumption desirable. Being female, having children under the age of 18 years old in the home, and identifying as an environmentalist are also positive predictors. These findings are situated in existing literature on green consumption and interpreted using the theoretical contributions of Pierre Bourdieu, 1984 , Bourdieu, 2005 in Distinction and The Social Structures of the Economy. The result is an engagement with scholarship on green consumption that is both theoretically and empirically informed.
A model for the deposition and detachment of proteins and platelets on biomaterials

Abstract A theoretical model for the deposition and detachment of protein and platelets on biomaterials is presented. It is based on the assumptions that a finite characteristic time elapses before an adsorbed protein can detach from the solid surface, and that the detaching layer of protein carries away platelets and protein which have deposited on top of it. Qualitative comparison of the theoretical results with experimental data reveals possible differences in the underlying mechanisms of the interaction of blood with various polymers.
Current management of sentinel lymph nodes: perspectives from pathology

Abstract Over the past decade, the technique of sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) has become the standard of care for the staging of clinically node-negative melanoma. The technique has also been applied to staging of the axilla in breast cancer. In addition, preliminary investigations into the use of SLND for other solid malignancies have shown promise. SLND requires a multidisciplinary effort involving experienced surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians and surgical pathologists. The experience with SLND for melanoma and breast cancer has demonstrated a learning curve for all involved personnel requiring complete nodal dissection after SLND until competency is validated. The surgical pathologist continues to play a pivotal role in determining the best methods of sentinel node analysis, particularly as newer techniques emerge for the detection of micrometastases. The SLND technique has emerged as a staging method with lower morbidity and greater accuracy than traditional regional node dissection. Pathologists will receive increasing numbers of SLN specimens and will be expected to contribute to application of the SLND technique to a range of solid tumours. We have reviewed the pathologist's role in SLND for melanoma and breast cancer, and in regard to other types of malignancies.
The Oxyanion Hole in Serine β-Lactamase Catalysis: Interactions of Thiono Substrates with the Active Site

Both functional and structural studies of serine beta-lactamases indicate the existence of an oxyanion hole at the active site with an important role in catalysis. The functional presence of the oxyanion hole is demonstrated by the previous observation that thiono-beta-lactams are very poor substrates of beta-lactamases (B. P. Murphy, and R. F. Pratt, 1988, Biochem. J. 256, 669-672) and in the present paper by the inability of these enzymes to catalyze hydrolysis of a thiono analog of a depsipeptide substrate. This thiono effect was first noted and interpreted in regard to classical serine hydrolases although the chemical basis for it has not been firmly established either in those enzymes or in beta-lactamases. In this paper a computational approach to a further understanding of the effect has been taken. The results for a class C beta-lactamase show that the deacylation tetrahedral intermediate interacted more strongly with the enzyme with an O(-) placed in the oxyanion hole than an S(-). On the other hand, the converse was true for acylation tetrahedral intermediate species, a result distinctly not in accord with experiment. These results indicate that the thiono effect does not arise from unfavorable interactions between enzyme and thiono substrate at the tetrahedral intermediate stage but must be purely kinetic in nature, i.e., arise in a transitional species at an early stage of the acylation reaction. The same conclusion as to the origin of the thiono effect was also indicated by a less extensive series of calculations on a class A beta-lactamase and on chymotrypsin.
Early Findings Related to the Use of Solvent-Free Reactive Polyurethane Systems for Coated Fabrics:

This article describes preliminary work carried out to develop a solvent-free reactive foamed urethane coating for fabrics. Such com posites of non-cellular and cellular surfaces will most probably lead to a wide variety of new products.
Information requirements of aircraft inspection: framework and analysis

The information environment is seen to be one of the predominant factors for effective maintenance and inspection systems in the operation of commercial aircraft. The design issues can be stated simply as decisions on what information to present, when to present this information, and how to present this information. It is desirable that in answering these questions, the designer accounts for the cognitive abilities of humans and the demands that the task requirements generate. This paper provides a framework for information design by combining the concepts from the human factors knowledge base with the specific needs of aircraft inspection. This framework captures the interaction between the inspection task and its information requirements, leading to an analysis of the information needs of aircraft inspectors, using this framework and the cognitive control categories of Skill-Rule-Knowledge based behaviors. Based on this analysis, guidelines for information systems design have been suggested.
NADPH- and NADH-nitrate reductases from soybean leaves

Abstract Two nitrate reductase activities from young first leaves of soybeans have been isolated and separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. They have different mobilities when electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. These two enzymes have been designated NADH-nitrate reductase and NADPH-nitrate reductase because of their differing affinities for reduced pyridine nucleotides. Five to ten millimolar cysteine was required in the extraction medium to achieve maximum activity of the two nitrate reductases. NADPH-nitrate reductase was about 50% as active as NADH-nitrate reductase. NADPH-nitrate reductase was detected in extracts prepared without cysteine, whereas the NADH enzyme was not found in the absence of cysteine. Both nitrate reductases utilized NADH, NADPH, FADH2 (reduced flavin-adenine dinucleotide), reduced methyl viologen, and reduced benzyl viologen as electron donors. When NADPH was used as the electron donor for NADPH-nitrate reductase, FAD (flavin-adenine dinucleotide) was required for maximum activity, but FAD did not enhance the activity of NADH-nitrate reductase. NADH-nitrate reductase had a molecular weight of 330,000 by gel filtration, a pH optimum of 6.5 with NADH, Km (KNO3) of 0.11 m m , and Km (NADH) of 8.1 μ m . NADPH-nitrate reductase had a 220,000 molecular weight as determined by gel filtration, a pH optimum of 6.5 in phosphate and of 6.2 in morpholinoethane sulfonic acid buffer, a Km (KNO3) of 4.5 m m , and a Km (NADPH) of 1.5 μ m . Potassium cyanide and sodium azide inhibited both nitrate reductases, while potassium fluoride did not inhibit either.
Use of an expert model to test diagnostic criteria in CHARGE syndrome

AI/GEN is an expert model of the diagnosis of deaf-blind syndromes that uses the EXPERT system developed by Rutgers University. Its knowledge structure employs criteria tables for diagnosis of the three types of CHARGE syndrome. The system has been used to test the published diagnostic criteria against the revised expert criteria, the latter being significantly more accurate than the former. The two sets of criteria are also compared with respect to the specificity and sensitivity of diagnosis. Expert systems can be of direct use to experts in refining and revising their diagnostic criteria.
Elements of syntax in the systems of three language-trained animals

Which properties of syntax are uniquely human, and which can be acquired by other animals? Relevant evidence is provided by work with three language-trained animals: the African gray parrot Alex, who can produce and comprehend a small fragment of English; the bottle-nosed dolphins Ake and Phoenix, who can comprehend a gestural and an acoustic language, respectively; and the bonobo Kanzi, who can produce combinations of lexigrams and comprehend a significant fragment of English. The systems of these animals are examined for evidence of four core properties of syntax: discrete combinatorics, category-based rules, argument structure, and closed-class items. Additional studies that explore further what these animals can learn about these core properties are suggested.
Myocardial Dose Response To Argon Laser Irradiation In Saline And Blood With Ultramicroscopical Analysis Of Myocardial Debris

Fresh myocardial segments from fetal and adult sheep, and from newborn and adult pigs were exposed to continuous mode argon laser irradiation in saline medium. Additionally, myocardial segments from newborn pigs were exposed to laser irradiation in fresh, heparin-ized blood medium. The irradiation distance from the tip of the quartz fiber to the tissue varied between contact and 20 mm, and power output at the fiber tip varied between 1 and 8 watts. Exposure time was kept constant at 2 seconds. Tissue debris was also processed for study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. There was no difference in myocardial tissue response between sheep and pigs, nor was there a difference in response between young and adult animals. In both saline and blood media, there was a sharp decrease in burn depth with increasing irradiation distance. With increasing irradiation distances in saline medium, burn diameter increased initially and then plateaued; while with increasing irradiation distance in blood medium, the burn diameter decreased sharply. When the fiber tip was in contact with the tissue, the diameter of burn was greater in blood than saline, while the depth of burn was similar. Filtration of the tissue bath demonstrated particles as large as 3 mm in length which were composed of deformed and coagulated whole tissue segments. Electron and scanning micrography of the bath media identified intracellular components and fragments of burst cells. In conclusion, we have found no difference in adult vs. newborn, or sheep vs. porcine myocardial response to fiberoptic argon laser irradiation. The most critical factors affecting width and depth of burn were the distance of the fiber tip from the tissue, and the medium in which the tissue was bathed. Of particular clinical importance was the fact that the burn width and depth drastically decreased when blood was present between the laser fiber and the tissue.
A Knowledge-Based System for Advertising Design

In recent years, artificial intelligence research has provided new tools and techniques for marketing model builders. These tools, when combined with problem-solving knowledge from a specific domain, can be used to create expert systems. This methodology is most applicable in semistructured problem domains where the key relationships are logical rather than numerical and problem-solving knowledge is incomplete. One such problem in marketing is advertising design. In this paper, we describe the application of expert system techniques to the development of ADCAD, a system designed to assist advertisers of consumer products with the formulation of advertising objectives, copy strategy, and the selection of communication approaches. The paper highlights the assembly of ADCAD's knowledge base of ad design heuristics from multiple sources of published research and practitioner expertise and describes its structure and content. We discuss the procedures and obstacles associated with building, implementing, and validating such an expert system. Our experiences with ADCAD suggest that knowledge-based systems have significant potential for the consolidation and integration of marketing knowledge as interactive input for decision makers. We conclude by noting several avenues for the future development of advertising expert systems.
Integrability, Gorman Systems, and the Lie Bracket Structure of the Real Line

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to investigate the relationship between Lie's characterization of the infinitesimal groups on the real line and the integrability conditions for Gorman demand systems for which the rank of the price matrix is not full. The central result of the paper is a geometric characterization of the integrability conditions for Gorman systems (due to Bryant) from which the restrictions on income terms and price matrices easily follow.
A Gentzen-Type Calculus of Sequents for Single-Operator Propositional Logic

The following describes a calculus of sequents ( SLK ) patterned after the calculus LK of Gentzen in [1] but restricted to the formulas of propositional logic and modified so that the only connective is the Sheffer stroke. The ‘elimination theorem’ ( Hauptsatz ) is proved for SLK and a decision procedure is specified for determining whether a given formula in stroke notation is tautologous. In addition, SLK is proved consistent and complete. Subsequent remarks indicate briefly how the calculus can be modified so as to employ the dagger as the only connective.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in squid synaptosomes

The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II system in squid nervous tissue was investigated. The Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II was found to be very active in the synaptosome preparation from optic lobe, where it was associated with the high-speed particulate fraction. Incubation of the synaptosomal homogenate with calcium, calmodulin, magnesium, and ATP resulted in partial and reversible conversion of the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II from its calcium-dependent form to a calcium-independent species. The magnitude of this conversion reaction could be increased by inclusion of the protein phosphatase inhibitor NaF or by substitution of adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) for ATP. When [gamma-32P]ATP was used, proteins of 54 and 58 kilodaltons (kDa) as well as proteins greater than 100 kDa were rapidly 32P-labeled in a calcium-dependent manner. Major 125I-CaM binding proteins in the synaptosome membrane fraction were 38 and 54 kDa. The Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II was purified from the squid synaptosome and was shown to consist of 54- and 58-60-kDa subunits. The purified kinase, like Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II from rat brain, catalyzed autophosphorylation associated with formation of the calcium-independent form. These studies, characterizing the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II in squid neural tissue, are supportive of the putative role of this kinase in regulating calcium-dependent synaptic functions.
Genetic disruption of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A upregulates ACE and AT1 receptor gene expression and signaling: role in cardiac hypertrophy.

Guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) signaling antagonizes the physiological effects mediated by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The objective of this study was to determ...
Responsive theranostic systems: integration of diagnostic imaging agents and responsive controlled release drug delivery carriers.

The ability to non-invasively monitor and treat physiological conditions within the human body has been an aspiration of researchers and medical professionals for decades. The emergences of nanotechnology opened up new possibilities for effective vehicles that could accomplish non-invasive detection of diseases and localized treatment systems to be developed. In turn, extensive research efforts have been spent on the development of imaging moiety that could be used to seek out specific diseased conditions and can be monitored with convention clinical imaging modalities. Nanoscale detection agents like these have the potential to increase early detection of pathophysiological conditions because they have the capability to detect abnormal cells before they even develop into diseased tissue and/or tumors. Once the diseased cells are detected it would be constructive to just be able to treat them simultaneously. From here, the concept of multifunctional carriers that could target, detect, and treat diseased cells emerged. The term “theranostics” has been created to describe this promising area of research that focuses on the combination of diagnostic detection agents with therapeutic drug delivery carriers. Targeted theranostic nanocarriers offer an attractive improvement to disease treatment because of their ability to simultaneously diagnose, image, and treat at targeted diseased sites. Research efforts in the field of theranostics encompass a broad variety of drug delivery vehicles, detection agents, and targeting modalities for the development of an all-in-one, localized, diagnostic and treatment system. Nanotheranostic systems that utilize metallic or magnetic imaging nanoparticles have the added capability to be used as thermal therapeutic systems. This review aims to explore recent advancements in the field of nanotheranostics and the various fundamental components of an effective theranostic carrier.
High dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor in adult resistant lymphoma

Seven adult patients with advanced lymphoma, resistant to vincristine, prednisone, alkylating agents and Adriamycin were treated with "high dose" methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue. Therapy consisted of 4 to 6-hour infusions of methotrexate (5--100 mg/kg) every 1 to 2 weeks with citrovorum rescue initiates 2 to 12 hours after termination of the infusion. Objective responses were obtained in three patients but these were short lived. Mucosal and hematologic toxicity occurred when repeat courses of therapy were administered. The results suggest that high dose methotrexate may be effective therapy in lymphoma, particularlly if citrovorum factor rescue is used early and in adequate dosage.
Trypanosoma cruzi infection results in an increase in intracellular cholesterol

Chagasic cardiomyopathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is a major health concern in Latin America and among immigrant populations in non-endemic areas. T. cruzi has a high affinity for host lipoproteins and uses the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) for invasion. Herein, we report that T. cruzi infection is associated with an accumulation of LDL and cholesterol in tissues in both acute and chronic murine Chagas disease. Similar findings were observed in tissue samples from a human case of Chagasic cardiomyopathy. T. cruzi infection of cultured cells displayed increased invasion with increasing cholesterol levels in the medium. Studies of infected host cells demonstrated alterations in their cholesterol regulation. T. cruzi invasion/infection via LDLr appears to be involved in changes in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. The observed changes in intracellular lipids and associated oxidative stress due to these elevated lipids may contribute to the development of Chagasic cardiomyopathy.
Accumulation points of the iterative proportional fitting procedure

The asymptotic behavior of the iterative proportional fitting procedure (IPF procedure) is analyzed comprehensively. Given a nonnegative matrix as well as row and column marginals the IPF procedure generates a sequence of matrices, called the IPF sequence, by alternately fitting rows and columns to match their respective marginals. We prove that the IPF sequence has at most two accumulation points. They originate as the limits of the even-step subsequence, and of the odd-step subsequence. The well-known IPF convergence criteria are then retrieved easily. Our proof is based on Csiszar’s and Tusnady’s (Stat Decis Suppl Issue 1:205–237, 1984) results on the interplay of the I-divergence geometry and alternating minimization procedures.
Path Shifting of the Welfare State: Electoral Competition and the Expansion of Work-Family Policies in Western Europe

What explains the surprising growth of work-family policies in several West European countries? Much research on the welfare state emphasizes its institutional stickiness and immunity to major change. Yet, over the past two decades, governments in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom have introduced important reforms to their welfare regimes, enacting paid leave schemes, expanded rights to part-time work, and greater investments in child care. A comparison of these countries reveals a similar sequence of political and policy change. Faced with growing electoral instability and the decline of core constituencies, party leaders sought to attract dealigning voter groups, such as women. This led them to introduce feminizing reforms of their party structures and adopt policies to support mothers’ employment. In all three cases, women working within the parties played an important role in hatching or lobbying for these reforms. After comparing three countries that moved in a path-shifting direction, this article engages in a brief traveling exercise, examining whether a similar set of dynamics are lacking in two countries—Austria and Italy—that have moved more slowly in reforming these policies. Against the prevailing scholarly literature that emphasizes path dependence and slow-moving change, this article reveals the continued power of electoral politics in shaping redistributive policies.