cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Top partners and Higgs boson production

The Higgs boson is produced at the LHC through gluon fusion at roughly the Standard Model rate. New colored fermions, which can contribute to $gg\ensuremath{\rightarrow}h$, must have vectorlike interactions in order not to be in conflict with the experimentally measured rate. We examine the size of the corrections to single and double Higgs production from heavy vectorlike fermions in $SU(2{)}_{L}$ singlets and doublets and search for regions of parameter space where double Higgs production is enhanced relative to the Standard Model prediction. We compare production rates and distributions for double Higgs production from gluon fusion using an exact calculation, the low energy theorem (LET), where the top quark and the heavy vectorlike fermions are taken to be infinitely massive, and an effective theory (EFT) where top mass effects are included exactly and the effects of the heavy fermions are included to $\mathcal{O}(\frac{1}{{M}_{X}^{2}})$. Unlike the LET, the EFT gives an extremely accurate description of the kinematic distributions for double Higgs production.
Moose Grazing Decreases Aquatic Plant Diversity

ABSTRACT We excluded moose from ten 2×2 meter areas of Feldtmann Lake on Isle Royale, Michigan, USA, in the beginning of the summer and measured total biomass, plant species richness, and plant species diversity in the three exclosures that were still intact at the end of the summer. Plant biomass, species richness, and species diversity all were lower in grazed areas compared to non-grazed exclosures. Thus, herbivory by moose has the potential to significantly affect both standing biomass and species composition of macrophytes in certain aquatic systems.
Iatrogenic arterioportal fistulae: Diagnosis and management

Arterioportal fistulae can develop from a variety of causes, either congenital, iatrogenic, or acquired. They can have a varied clinical presentation including acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, ischemic colitis, abdominal pain, ascites, and abdominal bruit. In the past the treatment has been ligation and surgical excision of the fistula with repair of the artery and vein or hepatic lobectomy. We report two patients with arterioportal fistulae between the hepatic artery and portal vein as a result of liver biopsy and transhepatic portography. Both patients were treated successfully by nonoperative radiologic intervention.
A microscale method for depleting cross-reactive anti-antibodies used in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy

Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (IIF) is a commonly used method in immunology and cell biology to identify tissue and subcellular location of target antigens. The resolving power of IIF has been amplified by the recent advances in confocal and digital imaging microscopy. The basic IIF method is relatively simple. Cell substrates or tissue sections are incubated for 1 h with first antibody which recognizes the specific antigenic target. After rinsing, the bound antibody is subsequently detected with a second antibody conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). In order to show the relationship between two antigens or structures,_ it is often necessary to perform double sr Evans et al., 1991; Raska et al., 1991; Saunders et al., 1991) and it is often necessary to determine if different antibod-
The ideology of anti‐bolshevism

Continuity existed between Marx and Lenin on the peasant problem. Marx recognized that the capitalist peasant, the tenant‐farmer, would not support a proletarian revolution, but the capitalist peasant could be a revolutionary force in a liberal revolution. Marx felt that if a liberal revolution was found to be progressive for the proletariat, an alliance could be formed between proletariat and tenant‐farmers in the bourgeois revolution. Moreover, in Vol. III of Das Kapital Marx discerned the evolution of an agricultural proletariat. These agricultural wage‐labourers would support a proletarian revolution, and thus were allies of the urban proletariat in a socialist revolution. Lenin was familiar with the arguments of Vol. III of Das Kapital and incorporated them in his Development of Capitalism in Russia (composed in 1898). And certainly by 1901, and not in the revolution of 1905 as most commentators maintain, Lenin's ideas on the peasantry had fully matured and were entirely consonant with the views of M...
Obstacles to the development of a capitalist agriculture: A comment on Mann and Dickinson

(1979). Obstacles to the development of a capitalist agriculture: A comment on Mann and Dickinson. The Journal of Peasant Studies: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 119-121.
Psychotic exacerbations and enhanced vasopressin secretion in schizophrenic patients with hyponatremia and polydipsia

Background: For unclear reasons, life-threatening water intoxication often coincides with acute psychosis in polydipsic schizophrenic patients with chronic hyponatremia. In contrast, most polydipsic schizophrenic patients are normonatremic and never manifest hyponatremia. To explore whether the effect of acute psychosis on water balance differs in these 2 schizophrenic subgroups, we compared their responses to drug-induced psychotic exacerbations. Methods: Matched polydipsic schizophrenic patients with (n=6) and without (n=8) hyponatremia were identified based on past and current indexes of fluid intake and hydration. A transient psychotic exacerbation was induced with an infusion of the psychotomimetic methylphenidate hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg of body weight over a 60-second period). Antidiuretic hormone levels, subjective desire for water, and factors known to influence water balance were measured at 15-minute intervals for 2 hours. Results: Except for the expected differences in plasma osmolality and sodium, basal measures were similar in the 2 groups. Following methylphenidate administration, antidiuretic hormone levels increased more in the hyponatremic patients ( P P P P Conclusion: Psychotic exacerbations are associated with enhanced antidiuretic hormone secretion, for unknown reasons, in schizophrenic patients with hyponatremia and polydipsia, thereby placing them at increased risk of lifethreatening water intoxication.
Lakes, Wetlands, and Streams as Predictors of Land Use/Cover Distribution

The importance of the surrounding landscape to aquatic ecosystems has been well established. Most research linking aquatic ecosystems to landscapes has focused on the one-way effect of land on water. However, to understand fully the complex interactions between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems must be seen not only as receptors of human modification of the landscape, but also as potential drivers of these modifications. We hypothesized that the presence of aquatic ecosystems influences the spatial distribution of human land use/cover of the nearby landscape (</=1 km) and that this influence has changed through time from the 1930s to the 1990s. To test this hypothesis, we compared the distribution of residential, agricultural, and forested land use/cover around aquatic ecosystems (lakes, wetlands, and streams) to the overall regional land use/cover proportion in an area in southeast Michigan, USA; we also compared the distribution of land use/cover around county roads/highway and towns (known determinants of many land use/cover patterns) to the regional proportion. We found that lakes, wetlands, and streams were strongly associated with the distribution of land use/cover, that each ecosystem type showed different patterns, and that the magnitude of the association was at least as strong as the association with human features. We also found that the area closest to aquatic ecosystems (<500 m) was more strongly associated with land use/cover distribution than areas further away. Finally, we found that the strength of the association between aquatic ecosystems and land use/cover increased from 1938 to 1995, although the overall patterns were similar through time. Our results show that a more complete understanding is needed of the role of aquatic ecosystems on the distribution of land use/cover.
Factors Influencing Pop Music Preferences of Young People

This study examined self-reported reasons by students at various grade levels for their pop music preferences. In addition, it compared responses of students in grades five, seven, nine, eleven, an...
Photoelectron spectroscopy of sulfur heterocycles adsorbed onto a Cu(110) surface

Abstract Photoelectron spectra of Cu(110) after exposure to thiacyclobutane, thiacyclopentane, and thiacyclohexane, as well as of the clean Cu(110) surface, have been obtained using He(I) radiation. Comparison of the spectra of the absorbates with gas-phase spectra suggests a strong sulfur-to-copper dative bond. Sulfur lone-pair orbital stabilization energies were obtained for thiacyclobutane (1.4 eV), thiacyclopentane (1.1 eV), and thiacyclohexane (0.6 eV), and these stabilization energies are correlated with the dative sulfur-to-surface bond energies. Ring-strain changes are suggested as the reason for additional small shifts of absorbate-bond energies in the thiacyclobutane spectrum. Relaxation energies were found to decrease in the order 4- > 5- > 6-membered ring. An empirical linear relation was found between relaxation shifts and lone-pair orbital stabilization energies for monoheteroatom heterocycles bonded to Cu(110) by a lone-pair dative bond. All adsorbates studied showed marked angular dependence, suggesting nonrandom orientation on the surface. Al K α X-ray data were used to calculate percentage surface coverages. Other sulfur-containing adsorbates are discussed, including thiophene, allyl mercaptan, and thiacyclopropane. Thiacyclopropane was found to decompose upon exposure to copper.
Research on repeated abortion: state of the field: 1973-1979.

In January of 1973 the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortion being the decision between a woman and her physician. During 1973 only 12% of all abortions performed were repetitions; in 1979 this rate climbed to 23%. A careful review of the literature indicates that the rates of repeated abortion in this country are approaching the "epidemic recidivism" rates found in Asian and European nations. Up to this point the research on such recidivism has concentrated almost entirely on demographic features. This approach has contributed very little to identifying the repeated aborter before the fact. The present paper includes an extensive review of the current research conducted in a number of countries. Comparisons of repeated aborters shed some light on primary reasons for repeated abortions such as failure of method of birth control personal failure at applications and abortion as a method of contraception. The paper examines the methodological and data collection problems in current demographic studies. Suggestions for a more productive approach are mentioned. (authors)
Simulated structure and energetics of endohedral complexes of noble gas atoms in buckminsterfullerene

Classical molecular dynamics simulations were run for noble gas atoms confined within a buckminsterfullerene cage. The simulations indicated that all the endohedral complexes X@C60 (X = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) were stable relative to C60 + X, with the Ar complex being the most stable. Except for the He complex, the minimum-energy configuration was with the endoatom at the geometric center of the cage. The minimum-energy position of the He atom in He@C60 was off-center in a high-symmetry direction, but the energy lowering relative to a centered He atom was found to be small relative to the zero-point energy of the He atom within the cage. The simulations were checked by comparison of static energy computations with the fullerene fixed in its equilibrium geometry as determined alternatively from experimental data and from empty-fullerene calculations. The small differences between the alternative geometries were sufficient to cause significant quantitative changes in the computed binding energies but, except for predicting Xe@C60 to be unstable, did not fundamentally alter our qualitative description of the results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Effects of breastfeeding on the mother.

Breastfeeding is a unique biological heritage potentially shared by women everywhere. The hormones of breastfeeding aid in the adjustment to mothering, in conservation of energy, and in subsequent nutrient recovery. Because the physiologic processes of breastfeeding are a normal part of the maturation of the female body, it is not surprising that breastfeeding seems to have the attributes of a preventive health measure for women: Breastfeeding is beneficial for women's health. The sequelae of breastfeeding, and of having breastfed, are not minor: Breastfeeding, sometimes referred to as the final stage of labor , reduces the risk for (1) postpartum blood loss by increasing the rate of uterine contraction, (2) premenopausal breast cancer, and (3) ovarian cancer. In addition to reducing the severity of anemia, breastfeeding may cause other changes that may help to protect mothers against bladder and other infections. Also, epidemiologic studies seem to indicate that, despite the apparent bone loss that occurs in women during lactation, women who breastfeed may be at reduced risk for spinal and hip fracture after menopause. In addition to the direct health effects, breastfeeding seems to provide a sense of bonding, a sense of well-being, and an improved sense of self-esteem for many women. These statements are considered controversial. This article explores several of these issues in a manner designed to aid in the understanding of why controversy surrounds breastfeeding research findings and, perhaps, why emotions or personal experiences may affect scientific interpretation in this field.
On the transfer of energy to an unstable liquid jet in a coflowing compressible airstream

The transfer of energy from a compressible airstream to a coflowing unstable liquid jet via the pressure perturbation at the interface is studied as the Mach number varies continuously from subsonic to supersonic values. The ‘‘lift’’ component of the pressure perturbation has been demonstrated to predominate up to slightly supersonic free‐stream Mach numbers, after which the ‘‘drag’’ component predominates.
Rate of return to military active duty after single level lumbar interbody fusion: A 5-year retrospective review

Background Lumbar interbody fusion has been extensively studied in the civilian population; however, data regarding its efficacy in the military are lacking. Objective To identify the rate of return to unrestricted active military duty after single-level lumbar interbody fusion surgery. Methods The surgical database at a single tertiary care military treatment facility was queried for active-duty patients who underwent a single-level lumbar interbody fusion over a 5-year period. A retrospective chart review was performed with backward stepwise logistic regression analysis, and Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 102 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age at surgery was 34.0 years (range, 19-51 years). Most surgeries (59%) were performed for discogenic pain secondary to degenerative disc disease; the remaining patients underwent surgery for spondylolisthesis (39%) or spinal stenosis (2%). Thirty-nine patients (38%) were treated via an anterior approach (anterior lumbar interbody fusion), whereas 63 patients (62%) underwent fusion via a posterior approach (transforaminal or posterior lumbar interbody fusion). Fifty-six patients (55%) were able to return to unrestricted full active duty, and the remaining 46 patients (45%) were separated from the military. The return to active duty rate was significantly higher in older patients and those ranking E7 (Chief Petty Officer) and above (84.8%). Conclusion Fifty-five percent of the service members who underwent a single-level lumbar interbody fusion returned to unrestricted full duty. Older age and higher rank were statistically significant positive predictors of a successful return to active duty.
Highly sensitive and specific microRNA expression profiling using BeadArray technology

We have developed a highly sensitive, specific and reproducible method for microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling, using the BeadArray technology. This method incorporates an enzyme-assisted specificity step, a solid-phase primer extension to distinguish between members of miRNA families. In addition, a universal PCR is used to amplify all targets prior to array hybridization. Currently, assay probes are designed to simultaneously analyse 735 well-annotated human miRNAs. Using this method, highly reproducible miRNA expression profiles were generated with 100-200 ng total RNA input. Furthermore, very similar expression profiles were obtained with total RNA and enriched small RNA species (R(2) >or= 0.97). The method has a 3.5-4 log (10(5)-10(9) molecules) dynamic range and is able to detect 1.2- to 1.3-fold-differences between samples. Expression profiles generated by this method are highly comparable to those obtained with RT-PCR (R(2) = 0.85-0.90) and direct sequencing (R = 0.87-0.89). This method, in conjunction with the 96-sample array matrix should prove useful for high-throughput expression profiling of miRNAs in large numbers of tissue samples.
Microprocessor power analysis by labeled simulation

In many applications, it is important to know how power is consumed while software is being executed on the target processor. Instruction-level power microanalysis, which is a cycle-accurate simulation technique based on instruction label generation and propagation, is aimed at answering this question for a superscalar and pipelined processor. This technique requires the micro-architectural details of the CPU and provides the power consumption of every module (or gate) for each active instruction in each cycle. To validate this approach, a Zilog digital signal processor core was designed by using a 0.25 /spl mu/ TSMC cell library, and the power consumption per instruction was collected using a Verilog simulator specially written for the DSP core.
Stochastic modeling of delamination growth in unidirectional composite DCB specimens using cohesive zone models

Abstract Delamination between plies is the most common failure mode in composite laminates that can cause fiber breakage and reduction in life of the composite. Currently Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness or critical energy release rate of a composite is measured using double cantilever beam (DCB) with unidirectional composites (ASTM D5528). Unlike metals, the energy plot of a DCB specimen shows increase in energy release rate with increase in crack length. Also during testing the steady state energy release rate from each of the samples of the same batch shows a lot of variation due to fiber cross-over bridging that occurs only in unidirectional composites. In this study, a probabilistic Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) is developed to capture steady state energy release rate variations of 51 mm crack size DCB specimens based on unidirectional composite (IM7/977-3) test data. Then using the probabilistic CZM, the energy release rate variations of 76.2 mm crack size DCB model are predicted and compared to the test results. The predictions showed good agreement with the experiments suggesting a probabilistic CZM is capable of simulating the delamination process in unidirectional composites.
Reporting alcohol-impaired drivers: results from a national survey of emergency physicians

Study objective: The purpose of this exploratory study was to learn of physicians' opinions on mandatory reporting of alcohol-impaired drivers they encounter in the course of their clinical work to the police or authorities from the Division of Motor Vehicles. Design and participants: Two thousand four hundred sixty-four physicians randomly selected from the American College of Emergency Physicians were sent an anonymous, one-time only, self-administered questionnaire seeking demographic information and assessing attitudes toward mandatory reporting and alcohol treatment. Measurements and main results: One thousand fifty-five physicians returned the survey. Seventy-eight percent of respondents agreed with mandatory reporting. More than half expressed strong agreement. Through canonical discriminant analysis we are able to identify the complex factors influencing attitude toward mandatory reporting. Conclusion: Although our preliminary results must be interpreted with caution, it appears that with the appropriate legal safeguards, physicians are supportive of mandatory reporting of the alcohol-impaired driver encountered in the course of clinical work.
Low temperature wafer-scale 3D ICs: technology and characteristics

Fabrication techniques that allow wafer-scale transplantation, bonding and interconnecting of fully fabricated device layers with thickness on the order of micrometers are described. The temperature budget of this 3D integration technology is less than 350 /spl deg/C and the approach utilizes Benzocyclobutene (BCB) as the permanent wafer bonding medium. Alignment registration of several micrometers between donor device layer to the host substrate is achieved. The characterization of devices, structures and process conditions are presented. Also, measurement of heating effects and temperatures in a 3D IC environment is described. The 3D integration approach allows reduction in crosstalk for mixed-signal applications using inter-device layer ground planes. This technique shows -8 dB of crosstalk attenuation between device layers. The newly developed 3D integration fabrication methodology can be extended beyond silicon-based devices to SiGe and III-IV technologies.
Cor triatriatum sinister with and without left ventricular inflow obstruction: visualization of the entire supravalvular membrane by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Impact on clinical management of individual patient.

We present 4 cases of cor triatriatum in whom the diagnosis was correctly made by 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, which showed the supravalvular left atrial membrane that divides the left atrium into 2 chambers. The pulmonary veins were connected normally to the proximal left atrial chamber and the left atrial appendage was connected to the distal left atrial chamber. In 1 patient there was evidence of severe pulmonary venous obstruction to the mitral valve by Doppler examination, while in the other three, there was no venous obstruction. Patients were then examined by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE, using ×4 matrix array transducer connected to Sonos 7500 echocardiographic system Phillips, Andover, Mass, USA). This showed the exact morphology of the membrane and led to cancellation of planed surgical intervention in 1 case in which the membrane was only a broad band crossing the left atrial cavity. In addition to delineating the exact morphology of the intracavitary anomaly, this novel echocardiographic imaging modality should be an additive tool to better understand the natural history of these nonobstructive left atrial membranes via longitudinal follow-up of these patients.
A constructive approach to the maximum principle for differential-difference problems using Balakrishnan's ε-technique

In this paper, we use the e-technique developed by Balakrishnan to derive the maximum principle for systems with delay elements both in state space and control function.
The effect of metabolic milieu on cardiac PET imaging using fluorine-18-deoxyglucose and nitrogen-13-ammonia in normal volunteers.

Cardiac PET imaging using 13N-ammonia and 18FDG was performed on 17 normal volunteers in the glucose-loaded and fasted states. PET images (glucose-loaded and fasted) were subjected to qualitative visual analysis using the descriptors: image quality, FDG blood-pool activity, ammonia lung field activity, and clinical interpretability. Glucose-loaded studies had better image quality, diminished FDG blood-pool activity, and were more often clinically interpretable compared to fasted studies. Dietary state did not affect 13N-ammonia study parameters. Using a semi-quantitative region of interest method, 18FDG myocardial activity was homogeneous and significantly affected by dietary state (2.48 {plus minus} 1.0 fold increase in myocardial-to-blood pool ratio in glucose-loaded versus fasted states). Serum glucose, insulin, and free-fatty acid concentrations responded physiologically to glucose loading and fasting but showed no correlation with myocardial 18FDG uptake. PET imaging using 13N-ammonia and 18FDG appears optimal in the glucose-loaded state.
Mass invariance of population nitrogen flux by terrestrial mammalian herbivores: an extension of the energetic equivalence rule

According to the energetic equivalence rule, energy use by a population is independent of average adult body mass. Energy use can be equated with carbon flux, and it has been suggested that population fluxes of other materials, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, might also be independent of body mass. We compiled data on individual nitrogen deposition rates (via faeces and urine) and average population densities of 26 species of mammalian herbivores to test the hypothesis of elemental equivalence for nitrogen. We found that the mass scaling of individual nitrogen flux was opposite to that of population density for the species in our dataset. By computing the product of individual nitrogen flux and average population density for each species in our dataset, we found that population-level nitrogen flux was independent of species mass, averaging c. 3.22 g N ha -1 day -1 . Results from this analysis can be used to understand the influence of mammalian herbivore communities on nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
Extreme Weather Events and the Vertical Microhabitat of Rain Forest Anurans

Abstract When rapid changes in environmental factors occur in tropical rain forests, anurans may behaviorally alter their vertical microhabitat in response. Friajes are extreme weather phenomena that bring cold southern winds into Amazonia. Five friaje events during 1997 and 1998 in southern Peru were studied to examine whether anuran populations differed between visual encounter surveys conducted on friaje nights versus non-friaje nights. Anuran diversity, species richness, and number of hylid individuals were significantly greater during friajes in Peru. Friajes alter anuran vertical distributions by causing arboreal frogs to descend to lower levels in order to avoid the cold temperatures and desiccating winds associated with friajes.
PRIMATES AND RELIGION: A BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGIST'S RESPONSE TO J. WENTZEL VAN HUYSSTEEN'S ALONE IN THE WORLD?

. For a biological anthropologist interested in the prehistory of religion, J. Wentzel van Huyssteen's book is welcome and resonant. Van Huyssteen's central thesis is that humans' capacity for spirituality emerges from a transformation of cognition and emotions that takes place in the symbolic realm, within Homo sapiens and apart from biology. To his thesis I bring to bear three areas of response: the abundant cognitive and emotional capacities of living apes and extinct hominids; the role of symbolic ritual in the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens; and the closely intertwined nature of biology and culture in the workings of evolutionary change.
The Argument from Vagueness

Universalism is the thesis that composition is unrestricted: for any non-overlapping objects, those objects compose something. One of the most influential arguments for universalism is the argument from vagueness, first advanced by David Lewis and later elaborated and defended by Theodore Sider. I supply a reconstruction of the argument and survey a variety of responses to it.
A Sequential Sampling Plan for the Cotton Fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus

A sequential sampling plan based upon the binomial distribution is presented for the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). This plan will enable the cotton scout rapidly to determine the infestation level with predetermined accuracy, thereby saving time and money.
Relationship between Nuclear Grade of Ductal Carcinoma in situ and Cell Origin Markers

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a group of heterogeneous lesions genetically, morphologically, and biologically. Recently, breast epithelium in the terminal ductal lobular unit has been sub-classified based on the expression of several cytokeratin markers as stem cells (CK5/6 +), luminal cells (CK8, CK18 +), and basal cells (CK14, CK17 +). In this study we describe the relationship between DCIS of different nuclear grades (non-high grade and high grade) and these cell origin markers. Fifty-three cases of non-high grade and 46 cases of high grade DCIS were selected, and representative sections from each case were stained with antibodies to these cytokeratin markers. High grade DCIS showed significantly higher rates of expression with stem and basal cell markers compared with non-high grade DCIS (p <0.05). The majority of DCIS, both high grade and non-high grade, expressed luminal cell markers (67% to 91%) and single type of cell origin marker (72% to 87%). High-grade DCIS more frequently co-expressed all three types of cell origin markers compared with non-high grade DCIS (p <0.05). In summary, a subset of high grade DCIS frequently rises from stem or/and basal cell populations; the subset is associated with poor prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma. Thus, these markers may be used to identify a potentially more aggressive subgroup of breast carcinoma at its pre-invasive stage (DCIS), and to manage it accordingly. Second, most DCIS express luminal cell markers, suggesting that malignant transformation occurs relatively late along the cell differentiation pathway, contrary to the traditional belief that most neoplasms arise from a more primitive stem cell population. Third, the majority of DCIS exclusively express one type of progenitor marker, indicating that in most incidences they may arise from a single progenitor population. Last, triple expression of all types of cell origin marker is frequently associated with high grade DCIS, suggesting that more complicated pathways are involved in these more aggressive lesions. Further studies are needed to delineate the relationships of cell origin markers in DCIS and invasive carcinoma to the clinical outcome.
Neuropathic pain activates the endogenous κ opioid system in mouse spinal cord and induces opioid receptor tolerance

Release of endogenous dynorphin opioids within the spinal cord after partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL) is known to contribute to the neuropathic pain processes. Using a phosphoselective antibody [κ opioid receptor (KOR-P)] able to detect the serine 369 phosphorylated form of the KOR, we determined possible sites of dynorphin action within the spinal cord after pSNL. KOR-P immunoreactivity (IR) was markedly increased in the L4-L5 spinal dorsal horn of wild-type C57BL/6 mice (7-21 d) after lesion, but not in mice pretreated with the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (norBNI). In addition, knock-out mice lacking prodynorphin, KOR, or G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) did not show significant increases in KOR-P IR after pSNL. KOR-P IR was colocalized in both GABAergic neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes in both ipsilateral and contralateral spinal dorsal horn. Consistent with sustained opioid release, KOR knock-out mice developed significantly increased tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in both the early (first week) and late (third week) interval after lesion. Similarly, mice pretreated with norBNI showed enhanced hyperalgesia and allodynia during the 3 weeks after pSNL. Because sustained activation of opioid receptors might induce tolerance, we measured the antinociceptive effect of the κ agonist U50,488 using radiant heat applied to the ipsilateral hindpaw, and we found that agonist potency was significantly decreased 7 d after pSNL. In contrast, neither prodynorphin nor GRK3 knock-out mice showed U50,488 tolerance after pSNL. These findings suggest that pSNL induced a sustained release of endogenous prodynorphin-derived opioid peptides that activated an anti-nociceptive KOR system in mouse spinal cord. Thus, endogenous dynorphin had both pronociceptive and antinociceptive actions after nerve injury and induced GRK3-mediated opioid tolerance.
Ecotonal changes and altered tree spatial patterns in lower mixed-conifer forests, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, U.S.A.

This research analyzes patch development and determines tree spatial patterns along the lower mixed-conifer ecotone on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona U.S.A.. Patterns of patch development were interpreted from spatial analyses, based on tree age and size, and past records of disturbance and climate. Five plots in the ecotone between mixed conifer forests and monospecific stands of ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa were studied for patterns of patch development. The methods used include: 1 size-structure analyses, to compare species patch development; 2 dendrochronological dating of tree establishment; 3 tree ring master chronology, to determine periods of suppressed growth, compared to a Palmer Drought Severity Index; and 4 spatial analyses by species composition, size and age, with univariate and bivariate analyses of spatial association and spatial autocorrelation. We found an increased density of shade-tolerant and fire-intolerant species namely clusters of pole-sized white fir, and fewer large ponderosa pine.
Adiponectin identified as an agonist for PAQR3/RKTG using a yeast-based assay system

The PAQR family of proteins comprises an intriguing group of newly discovered receptors. Although the agonist is known for 5 of the 11 human PAQRs, most are considered “orphan” receptors. We developed a yeast-based assay system for PAQR receptor activity that can be used to identify agonists for PAQRs of unknown function. Using this system, we found that the proteinaceous hormone adiponectin functions as an agonist of PAQR3, a previously uncharacterized member of this family. This is not surprising given that PAQR3 is most closely related to PAQR1 (AdipoR1) and PAQR2 (AdipoR2), which also sense adiponectin. The identification of adiponectin as an agonist for PAQR3 is of considerable clinical relevance because adiponectin suppresses the proliferation of tumor cells and it has been reported that PAQR3 suppresses tumorigenesis. Thus, the interaction between PAQR3 and adiponectin may help explain the antiproliferative properties of adiponectin.
Flexibility in forest management: managing uncertainty in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest

Long planning horizons generate substantial uncertainty in forest management, making management flexibility, the ability to choose between multiple options or opportunities, a desirable attribute of managed forests. Flexibility in forest management reflects both the relative rigidity of intervention requirements and the potential range of development pathways for a stand. The wind stability of Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) plantations is used to demonstrate the concept of management flexibility. Dense Douglas-fir plantations develop high height to diameter ratios (H/D same units) in the dominant trees making them unstable and prone to wind damage. The management of these plantations is inflexible, because without early and timely thinning, the stands do not contain stable trees that could be expected to survive long rotations or late thinnings. A combination of reduced planting densities and site-specific management reduces both the necessity and rigidity of intervention requirements (e.g., thinning) and expands the number of potential developmental pathways for these stands. The cost of greater management flexibility is reduced efficiency of wood volume production; however, greater adaptability to changing markets, labor conditions, and management objectives may be more important for many forest owners. While this approach to management is complex, it frees owners and managers from rigid management requirements and allows for a wider range of future stand conditions.
Reiter's Disease, Ankylosing Spondylitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Occurring Within a Single Family

A family is reported in which three brothers had respectively, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease, and Reiter's disease followed by rheumatoid arthritis; the father had atypical spondylitis following stigmata of Reiter's disease. The literature of Reiter's disease affecting more than a single family member is reviewed.
A temporal framework for understanding the effects of stressful life events on inflammation in patients with multiple sclerosis

A growing literature reports that stressful life events are associated with exacerbation and the subsequent development of brain lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The evolution an MS exacerbation occurs over a period of many months and involves many different biological processes that change over time. Likewise, the experience of stress also occurs over time, with an onset, a shift from acute to chronic in some cases, and resolution. Each of these phases is associated with unique biological features. Thus, the impact of stress on MS exacerbation may depend on the temporal trajectories of stress and MS exacerbation, and when the intersection between these two trajectories occurs. This paper presents a temporal model, along with three different temporal relationships and associated mechanisms by which stress may impact MS exacerbation. These include the onset of a stressor, which may be mediated by mast cell activation, the point that a stressor begins to become chronic, which may be mediated by glucocorticoid resistance in immune cells, and the resolution of the stressor, which may be mediated by a drop in cortisol. These three hypotheses are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Data on psychosocial mediators and moderators are also briefly reviewed and future research directions are discussed.
Inhibition of macula densa-stimulated renin secretion by pharmacological blockade of cyclooxygenase-2.

Previous results from our laboratory have shown that in the isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus, nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity prevent the stimulation of renin se...
Cross-linked polystyrene sulfonic acid and polyethylene glycol as a low-fouling material.

A negatively charged hydrophilic low fouling film was prepared by thermally cross-linking a blend consisting of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The film was found to be stable by dip-washing. The fouling resistance of this material toward bacterial (Escherichia coli) and colloidal (polystyrene particles) attachment, non-specific protein (fibronectin) adsorption and cell (3T3 NIH) adhesion was evaluated and was compared with glass slides modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) brushes, oxidized 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (sulfonic acid, SA), and n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). The extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) theory and thermodynamic models based on surface energy were used to explain the interaction behaviors of E. coli/polystyrene particles–substrate and protein–substrate interactions, respectively. The cross-linked PSS-PEG film was found to be slightly better than SA and PEG toward resisting non-specific protein adsorption, and showed comparable low attachment results as those of PEG toward particle, bacterial and NIH-3T3 cells adhesion. The low-fouling performance of PSS-PEG, a cross-linked film by a simple thermal curing process, could allow this material to be used for applications in aqueous environments, where most low fouling hydrophilic polymers, such as PSS or PEG, could not be easily retained.
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy

A 14-month-old girl who presented with sudden onset of unreponsiveness following a fever for 2 days developed decerebrate posturing within 9 hours after admission to Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL.
Muslim Political Discourse in Postcolonial India. Monuments, Memory, Contestation, by Hilal Ahmed

Since the destruction of the Babri Masjid in December of 1992 there has been a plethora of academic writing on the political and social forces that enabled this violence against Islamic monuments. ...
Abstract C03: Disparitome-Miner: A data visualization web-application for ‘gene-of-interest’ in health disparities

Attempting to understand the gene-environment interactions that lead to disease is the basis of modern molecular medicine. DNA microarray technology has provided vast quantities of new data for building up these models. Unfortunately the vast majority of studies using this technology consist of samples from populations of European ancestry. To understand the gene-environment interactions that contribute to racial and ethnic health disparities data from studies with samples from diverse populations must be analyzed. Currently, this data is limited and hard to access. The few studies that use samples from diverse populations are lost among the millions of published microarray datasets. To address this issue we have developed Disparitome-Miner, a microarray database and web-based data-mining platform that will serve as a tool for facilitating discovery from published transcriptomic datasets. To date, Disparitome-Miner contains 18 microarray datasets consisting of samples from diverse patient populations. Differential expression analyses comparing tissue samples from healthy and disease states in multiple ancestry backgrounds are provided. Transcriptomic microarray data is analyzed and visualized interactively through Shiny Server, an open-source package for web-based R applications. Our hope is that Disparitome-Miner allows life scientists without advanced statistical training to evaluate their gene-of-interest for a role in the gene-environment interactions that contribute to racial and ethnic health disparities. This web-app can provide help in hypothesis-generation and facilitate further investigation into health disparities. Citation Format: Aasakiran Madamanchi, David Cappel, Chaitanya Madamanchi, Roman Covarrubias, John Micheal Thomson. Disparitome-Miner: A data visualization web-application for ‘gene-of-interest’ in health disparities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C03. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C03
242 BILIARY COMPLICATIONS IN STANDARD AND EXTENDED CRITERIA LIVER ALLOGRAFTS IN WHOLE-ORGAN, CADAVERIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.

Purpose Although important liver transplant outcomes, such as primary nonfunction, vascular thrombosis, and graft loss, are well reported for marginal grafts in the transplant literature, there are few reports of biliary complications in extended criteria donor (ECD) livers. This study compares ECD and standard donors (SD) for biliary complications in cadaveric, whole-organ liver transplantation. Methods This study is a retrospective review of all liver transplants between 2001 and 2006, with an extensive review of all endoscopic and percutaneous biliary imaging. Our center uses biliary imaging as first evaluation for elevated liver enzymes, prior to biopsy. Outcomes included need for imaging, leak requiring reoperation, intrahepatic strictures, presence of stones or gravel, and first 30-day liver function tests (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin). Results There were 698 orthotopic transplants, including 593 with choledochocholedochostomy (CDC) and 100 Roux-Y reconstructions (RYHJ) (5 OR deaths). Results are presented in the Table. SD and ECD livers do not differ significantly in requirement for biliary imaging, occurrence of biliary leak, or intrahepatic strictures. ECD livers are more likely to have choledocholithiasis. Thirty-day liver enzymes are statistically equivalent. Conclusion ECD livers have been used extensively at our center to decrease median wait time to less than 30 days, with very few wait list deaths and improved post-transplant survival. Results of this analysis demonstrate no increased risk for biliary complications in patients receiving ECD livers.
Sanitary status of water quality of 63 swimming pools in Dalian

Objective To investigate the water quality of swimming pools in Dalian.Methods The comprehensive analysis was carried out through field investigation,sampling,detection and laboratory testing.Results Among 148 water samples in 63 detected swimming pools,the qualified rates of turbidity,urea,total number of bacteria and coliform were 100%,95%,91% and 100%,respectively.Among 142 samples for monitoring free residual chlorine,the qualified rate was only 65%.Among 89 samples from immersion feet pools,the qualified rate of free residual chlorine was 28%.Conclusion The health management condition of swimming pools is not optimistic.The water quality of swimming pools need be further improved in Dalian.
Analyzing Arizona OSHA injury reports using unsupervised machine learning

As the construction continue to be a leading industry in the number of injuries and fatalities annually, several organizations and agencies are working avidly to ensure the number of injuries and fatalities is minimized. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is one such effort to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance. Given the large databases of OSHA historical events and reports, a manual analysis of the fatality and catastrophe investigations content is a time consuming and expensive process. This paper aims to evaluate the strength of unsupervised machine learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP) in supporting safety inspections and reorganizing accidents database on a state level. After collecting construction accident reports from the OSHA Arizona office, the methodology consists of preprocessing the accident reports and weighting terms in order to apply a data-driven unsupervised K-Means-based clustering approach. The proposed method classifies the collected reports in four clusters, each reporting a type of accident. The results show the construction accidents in the state of Arizona to be caused by falls (42.9%), struck by objects (34.3%), electrocutions (12.5%), and trenches collapse (10.3%). The findings of this research empower state and local agencies with a customized presentation of the accidents fitting their regulations and weather conditions. What is applicable to one climate might not be suitable for another; therefore, such rearrangement of the accidents database on a state based level is a necessary prerequisite to enhance the local safety applications and standards. Language: en
Factors Affecting Occupancy and Abundance of American Alligators at the Northern Extent of Their Range

Abstract Populations of American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) generally are considered more abundant at present than historically; however, little information exists to assess the population of alligators in North Carolina at the northern extent of the species' range. Investigation of the factors influencing the distribution and abundance of alligators in North Carolina could shed light on the species' response to rapid environmental change in the region. We conducted a two-phase study: 1) to assess the distribution of alligators in North Carolina using a site-occupancy design; and 2) to assess the patterns in abundance using a repeated sampling design for population estimation. Results showed that both occupancy and abundance decreased in more northern sites, in sites with higher salinity, and in sites that were generally more westward. Sites sampled later in June were more likely to be occupied than those sampled earlier in the month. Abundance also increased with greater shoreline vegetation...