cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Barcoded Hydrogel Microparticles for Multiplexed Detection

Magnetic polymer particles have been used in a wide variety of applications ranging from targeting and separation to diagnostics and imaging. Current synthesis methods have limited these particles to spherical or deformations of spherical morphologies. In this paper, we report the use of stop flow lithography to produce magnetic hydrogel microparticles with a graphical code region, a probe region, and a magnetic tail region. These anisotropic multifunctional magnetic polymer particles are an enhanced version of previously synthesized “barcoded” particles [ref. 33] developed for the sensitive and rapid multiplexed sensing of nucleic acids. The newly added magnetic region has acquired dipole moments in the presence of weak homogeneous magnetic fields, allowing the particles to align along the applied field direction. The novel magnetic properties have led to practical applications in the efficient orientation and separation of the barcoded microparticles during biological assays without disrupting detection capabilities.
PRACTICAL RATIONALITY IS A PROBLEM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF MIND

The philosophy of mind encompasses a familiar set of topics: consciousness, intentionality, mental causation, emotion, whatever topics in psychology happen to capture our interest (concepts, mindreading . . .), and so on. There is a topic deserving of addition to this list, a topic that should be receiving regular attention from philosophers of mind but is not: practical rationality. The philosophy of mind bears directly upon what can be called the ‘meta-theory’ of practical rationality, and meta-theories of rationality likewise impose constraints on the philosophy of mind. Philosophers of mind who do not engage with work on practical rationality risk developing theories that are blind to important theoretical demands. They also risk allowing ethicists—who have been at work on the meta-theory of practical rationality—to unilaterally set their theoretical agendas. It is therefore time to get to work.
Frailty and mortality among the elderly

Society's image offrailty in old age may be characterized as one of a poor, wizened, old woman, wasting away from neglect until her heart finally stops. This article seeks to develop a more scientific profile of the "frail" elderly by examining mortality records of those deaths listed under International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision code, E-904, distinguishing deaths due to neglect, lack offood or water, exposure, and privation, for the period from 1979 to 1985. Approximately 200 deaths for people over 60 years old were listed under this code annually. An analysis of the demographic and locational characteristics of these decedents yielded two distinct profiles. Hunger decedents were older, White, and female, fitting the frail elderly stereotype. Exposure decedents were younger, male, and more likely to be nonmetropolitan or minority elderly. Strategies to reach these two groups are discussed.
Electrical design parameters of all-dielectric-self-supporting fiber optic cable

A lumped circuit model for calculating voltages and currents on all-dielectric self-supporting (ADSS) fiber optic cable near high voltage transmission lines has been developed. The model has been used to show that contamination levels, tower attachment points, relative ADSS and conductor sag and electrical phasing of the conductors are important parameters and must be considered in calculations, especially when determining the possibility of dry band arcs which could lead to cable damage.
Constrained specification-based test stimulus generation for analog circuits using nonlinear performance prediction models

The problem of signature-based testing of analog circuits has received a lot of attention in the recent past. In signature-test, a carefully optimized stimulus is applied to the CUT and its specifications are predicted from the test response. This results in test time reduction by 10/spl times/-50/spl times/. In this paper, a new test generation approach is presented for optimizing a test stimulus that increases the accuracy of specification prediction from the test response. Nonlinear models are used to map the test response to the circuit's specifications. They are accurate in the regions of the measurement space where the circuit's specifications are the most sensitive to process perturbations and maximum information about the CUT's specifications is contained in the observed test response. The test stimulus can be constrained to lie within a specified bandwidth or a specified voltage or current range. This ability is further used to generate wafer-probe and assembled-package tests.
New insights into inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication through mutant tRNALys3

Background Host cellular tRNALys3 is exclusively utilized by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as a primer for the replication step of reverse transcription (RTion). Consequently, the priming step of HIV-1 RT constitutes a potential target for anti-HIV-1 intervention. Previous studies indicated that a mutant tRNALys3 with 7-nucleotide substitutions in the 3′ terminus resulted in aberrant HIV-1 RTion from the trans-activation response region (TAR) and inhibition of HIV-1 replication. However, the mutant tRNALys3 also directed HIV-1 RTion from the normal primer-binding site (PBS) with potentially weakened anti-HIV-1 activity. To achieve improved targeting of HIV-1 RTion at sites not including the PBS, a series of mutant tRNALys3 with extended lengths of mutations containing up to 18 bases complementary to their targeting sites were constructed and characterized.
Dry deposition of sulfur dioxide or nitric acid to oak, elm and pine leaves

Abstract To improve our knowledge of atmospheric inputs to forests, experiments were performed in the field to measure the dry deposition of SO 2 and HNO 3 to oak, elm, and pine leaves. A thee branch was enclosed in a Teflon chamber, through which SO 2 or HNO 3 flowed. The dry deposition characteristics of SO 2 and HNO 3 were very different. The SO 2 deposition occurred primarily through stomatal openings for the oak and pine leaves, and equal stomatal and cuticular deposition was observed for the elm leaves. The deposited SO 2 could not be removed from the branch by extracting in water or by revolatilization. In contrast, over 90% of HNO 3 dry deposition occurred to the cuticle. Most of the deposited HNO 3 could be extracted from the leaves. Revolatilization of HNO 3 was negligible from an active branch, but increased from a dormant or detached branch. A deposition velocity was derived from the ratio of the flux of the gas to the leaves and the gas concentration in the chamber. Deposition velocities ranged from 0·02 to 0·11 cm s −1 for SO 2 and from 0·2 to 1·2 cm s −1 for HNO 3 to individual leaf surfaces.
Molecular breast imaging: an emerging modality for breast cancer screening.

SUMMARY Screening mammography is recognized as an imperfect imaging tool that performs poorly in women with dense breast tissue – a limitation which has driven demand for supplemental screening techniques. One potential supplemental technique is molecular breast imaging (MBI). Significant improvements in gamma camera technology allow MBI to be performed at low radiation doses, comparable with those of tomosynthesis and mammography. A recent screening trial in women with dense breast tissue yielded a cancer detection rate of 3.2 per 1000 for mammography alone and 12.0 per 1000 for the combination of mammography and MBI. MBI also demonstrated a lower recall rate than that of mammography. MBI is a promising supplemental screening technique in women with dense breast tissue.
Cultural transmission, copying errors, and the generation of variation in material culture and the archaeological record

Archaeologists are adept at analyzing variation in artifacts. The discipline has well established and tested methods to track change through time and to evaluate the function of artifacts that depend upon measures of variation in the archaeological record. Although a critical concept, the means by which variation in material culture is generated is not well understood. This paper explores one source of variation, copying errors, and systematically examines how cultural transmission processes act to amplify, reduce, or maintain such variation. Using simple models, we generate expected distributions for the amount of variation that occurs through time under varying circumstances. This variation is caused by small errors that are transmitted from one person to another in the propagation and replication of cultural traits. These baseline values provide useful null models for explaining variation in prehistoric assemblages of artifacts. We use measurements of projectile points from Owens Valley and Woodland ceramics from Illinois to demonstrate the value of this approach.
Schedule-dependent cytotoxic synergism of pemetrexed and erlotinib in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to select the optimal combination schedule of erlotinib and pemetrexed for the treatment of relapsed non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a panel of human NSCLC lines. Experimental Design: Human NSCLC cell lines, with variable expression of the known molecular determinants of erlotinib sensitivity, were exposed to pemetrexed and erlotinib using different schedules. Antitumor effect was measured by growth inhibition by cell count and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis by flow cytometry, and expression of cell cycle mediators by immunoblots. The cytotoxic interaction between pemetrexed and erlotinib (i.e., synergistic, additive, or antagonistic) was determined by median effect analysis. Results: When cells were exposed to concurrent pemetrexed and erlotinib or sequential pemetrexed followed by erlotinib, cytotoxic synergism was observed in both erlotinib-sensitive and erlotinib-resistant human NSCLC cell lines. This was independent of the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor or K-Ras genes. Synergism was associated with a combination of cell cycle effects from both agents. In contrast, exposure of cells to erlotinib followed by pemetrexed was mostly antagonistic in erlotinib-sensitive cells and additive at best in erlotinib-resistant cells. Antagonism was associated with erlotinib-induced G 1 -phase blockade of erlotinib-sensitive cells, which protects cells from pemetrexed cytotoxicity. Pemetrexed induced an epidermal growth factor receptor–mediated activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway, which was inhibited by erlotinib and a specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002. Conclusions: The combination of pemetrexed and erlotinib is synergistic in NSCLC in vitro if exposure to erlotinib before pemetrexed is avoided, particularly in tumors that are sensitive to erlotinib. Based on these findings, a randomized phase II study comparing the progression-free survival between an intermittent combination of erlotinib and pemetrexed (experimental arm) and pemetrexed alone (control arm) in patients with relapsing NSCLC has been initiated.
Choice of threshold of the Huber-Markov prior in MAP-based video resolution enhancement

The MAP (maximum a posteriori) -based resolution enhancement technique with Huber-Markov random field (HMRF) as the image prior has been proposed in the literature, and better preserves image discontinuities when compared with a Gaussian prior model. The reconstruction relies on the choice of Huber function parameter, or threshold T. There is no explicit selection of T in the previous studies. In this paper, we propose a method for choosing the threshold of the HMRF image prior in MAP based resolution enhancement. The method is based on the fact that the threshold T of the Huber function in the HMRF image priors is physically the trade-off between high-frequency components and low-frequency components for imagery data. High-pass filtering using the discrete Laplacian kernel along with the Huber function is used as the smoothness measure. When the high-passed value is less than T, the measure is a parabola function, while when the value is larger than T, the smoothness measure becomes a linear function. We hence define two different sets and derive the MAP estimator as a function of T Experimental results are presented and conclusions are drawn.
Combining solar cell and optical modeling in multijunction systems

High efficiency solar cell concentrator systems, particularly non-tracking systems, may utilize optical systems that involve lenses, secondary concentrators, dichroic mirrors and other optical components in conjunction with a variety of cells that may be optically and electrically connected in series or parallel configurations. This paper describes the value of combining realistic PV models into a complex optical model, making it possible to simulate the performance of the complete PV system to simplify the task of optimizing the system design. The model also allows for the assessment of many important optics-to-PV interface effects such as angle of incidence of the rays on cell performance. The embedded PV models used are based on readily measured cell performance, which can be characterized external to the complete PV system. Agreement between model predictions and measured performance is presented.
Revision of the Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test (SAAST-R): A Pilot Study

The original Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test () is a self-report alcoholism screening measure intended for use with adult medical patients. However, the SAAST does not indicate the recency of alcohol use–related problems, not all items use the appropriate verb tense for assessing lifetime experience of alcohol use–related problems, many of the items contain out-dated language, and the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse are not fully represented. The SAAST was revised to address these issues. This paper describes the rationale for revision and the process through which the SAAST was revised. Preliminary information about comparability of the original SAAST and the revised version (SAAST-R) was obtained. Data are presented from two intervention trials for smokers in which both the SAAST and SAAST-R were administered. One sample was comprised of participants in recovery from alcoholism (N = 60; 82% male) and the other sample consisted of participants not meeting criteria...
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: In pediatric settings, parents often raise concerns about possible gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet the specificity of these concerns are not well studied. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a meta-analysis of research investigating GI symptoms among children with ASD. METHODS: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases (1980–2012) in peer-reviewed journals. Analysis involved studies with a comparison group presenting quantitative data on GI symptoms using combinations of terms for ASD and GI indicators. The systematic search yielded 15 studies. We calculated effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Children with ASD experience significantly more general GI symptoms than comparison groups, with a standardized mean difference of 0.82 (0.24) and a corresponding odds ratio (OR) of 4.42 (95% CI, 1.90–10.28). Analysis also indicated higher rates of diarrhea (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.82–7.23), constipation (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.23–6.71), and abdominal pain (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.19–5.07). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate greater prevalence of GI symptoms among children with ASD compared with control children. Identified studies involved high methodological variability and lack of comprehensive data prohibited analysis of GI pathophysiologies (eg, gastroesophageal reflux) typically associated with organic etiologies, limiting conclusions about the underpinnings of the observed association. Future research must address critical questions about the causes and long-term impact of GI symptoms in ASD. Such analyses will require more systematic research and clinical activities, including improved diagnostic screening, standardized assessment, and exploration of potential moderators (eg, dietary restrictions).
Injuries and Institutions: Tort Reform, Tort Theory, and Beyond

Tort reform has been a subject of active debate and scholarship for at least fifty years. The torts system is very expensive and capable of causing severe distortions in societal behavior. But, when one considers the scale and complexity of the injuries in question and the character of the alternative modes of societal responses to these injuries,these expenses and distortions, taken by themselves, tell us surprisingly little about which if any tort reforms would be socially valuable. In a setting where all institutions are and will be very far from ideal, reforms cannot be promoted by parading the horribles of the existing system while proposing substitutes based on "black box" institutions vaguely assumed to operate in an ideal fashion. Sensible proposals for reform require an understanding of the real workings of such institutional alternatives as the torts system, criminal liability, administrative regulation, and the market. The relative merits of theseinstitutional alternatives vary across injury settings, providing for a mix of social responses geared to the realities of individual injury settings.This Article builds a framework for an institutional analysis of tort reform by focusing on the actions of the actors who play important roles in all the institutional alternatives. It examines the determinants of deterrability, insurability, the tendency to bring and prosecute cases in the courts, and the tendency for (and efficacy of) political action, by tracing the behavior of these actors. This institutional analysis puts important tort reforms and even traditional aspects of tort theory in a very different perspective. Reforms such as scheduled damages and tort fines will now appear as institutional shifts substituting legislatures and administrative agencies for juries and judges. In some important injury settings, such as products liability, this substitution can have unattractive features. Viewed in this broader institutional context, popular tort reforms which reduce or eliminate joint and several liability, punitive damages, and pain and suffering damages show significant hidden costs. Institutional analysis also reveals that, ironically, calls for tort reform are often strongest (and reform occurs) in those areas where the existing system is most beneficial to society. In addition, it casts new light on traditional issues of tort theory such as the relative merits of negligence and strict liability.
Validation Study for VOF Simulations of Boiling in a Microchannel

This paper presents a comparison of Volume-of-Fluid simulation results with experiments [1] for two-phase flow and heat transfer in a micro channel. Mass transfer between the phases is modeled using a reduced-order model, requiring the definition of a time relaxation constant, r. A two-step solution procedure is used, where first a fixed temperature boundary condition is imposed at the heater to avoid overheating of the device during the initial development of the two-phase flow. After obtaining a quasi-steady-state solution this is changed to a heat flux boundary condition to determine the final solution. Results using three different values for r indicate that the value of the constant should vary throughout the domain. A final simulation where r is defined as a function of the streamwise location results in a prediction of the base temperature within 1K of the experimental result, a pressure drop within 30%, and a prediction of the location of transition from subcooled to saturated flow within 2mm.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Female Sex Pheromone of Choristoneura parallela (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Heptane washes of the excised ovipositors of Choristoneura parallela (Robinson) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) females were analyzed by capillary chromatography with polar and apolar liquid phases, by capillary gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. and by microchemical degradation techniques. A mixture of four compounds was found that serves as a sex pheromone blend; ( E )-11-tetradecen-1-ol is the major component and ( Z )-11-tetradecen-1-ol, tetracadecan-1-ol, and ( E )-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate arc minor components. Field traps baited with a mixture of these four compounds captured as many C. parallela males as traps baited with virgin females. Population-monitoring studies using the pheromone in Maryland showed that C. parallela is bivoltine.
GLOBAL/LOCAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR TEXTTILE COMPOSITES

Conventional analysis of textile composites is impractical because of the complex microstructure. Global/local methodology combined with special macro elements is proposed herein as a practical alternative. Initial tests showed dramatic reductions in the computational effort with only small loss in accuracy.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Paracheyletia bakeri (Acarina: Cheyletidae) as a Predator of the Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae

The biology of Paracheyletia bakeri (Ehara) and its effectiveness as a predator of Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied in the laboratory. P. bakeri took an average of 47 days to mature at 22°C. After this prolonged developmental period, each female laid an average of 0.7 eggs per day during an ovipositional period of 36 days. From the life history data, the intrinsic rate of increase was determined to be 0.05 females produced per female per day. During a generation time of 55 days the net reproductive rate for P. bakeri was 15.6 at 22°C. Prey consumption ranged from 0.9 male T. urticae per day for a larva of P. bakeri to 1.6 males per day for an adult female. During population interactions of P. bakeri and T. urticae, this predator was unable to reduce a high population of T. urticae or maintain a population of T. urticae at a low density.
Nurses’ beliefs about suffering and their managment of pain

It has been well documented that nurses do not effectively manage pain and several factors have been identified that contribute to this outcome. Because pain and suffering often coincide, it seems likely that nurses beliefs about suffering could affect their management of pain. The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ beliefs about suffering as a potential barrier to effective pain management. Graduate level nursing students (n=53) completed questionnaires on suffering and pain management. Results indicated that nurses held a neutral view of suffering and ineffectively managed hypothetical pain scenarios. Nurses’ beliefs about suffering were not related to their pain management responses. Discussion focuses on interpreting results within the current value neutral context of health care within the United States. Implications for practice and future research are also discussed.
A concept of divorce: Not busted bond but severed strand

The severed strand concept of the process which accompanies dissolution of a marital relationship is presented as an alternative to the busted bond concept. In this theory, emphasis is on the individual and on the importance of retaining the intact strands in a relationship, rather than discarding the whole when one specific strand or strands fail to withstand the strain in the relationship. The impact on self-esteem is emphasized and processes and problems in applying this theory in practice are discussed.
Functional developmental evaluation. Prerequisite to habilitation.

Deviations in development must be detected early if appropriate treatment is to be instituted before secondary disabilities develop in the already impaired child. Every pediatrician should be able to make reasonably accurate assessments of the development of every child in his practice, by both parent interviews and more objective means. Approaches to the evaluation of parameters ranging from posture and locomotion through self-care skills and language development are discussed, and conditions such as mental retardation and minimal brain dysfunction, which cause recognizable patterns of deviation, are elaborated.
Effect of patient positioning on urethral mobility: implications for radical pelvic surgery.

AbstractPatient positioning is of critical importance in the successful performance of several radical pelvic operations. Adequate exposure of the prostatic apex is vital in ligating the dorsal vein complex and performing vesicourethral anastomosis. To test the effect of different patient positions on urethral mobility, we conducted a prospective controlled study measuring the relative cephalad displacement of the prostatic apex in 3 positions, that is the supine, frog-leg and dorsal lithotomy positions. A combination of radiographic and cystoscopic techniques was used to mark the position of the prostatic apex. Each patient served as his own control. Of the 24 patients studied for a variety of urological complaints 19 (79%) had an increased cephalad displacement of the prostatic apex while in the frog-leg position compared with the dorsal lithotomy position. The mean gain was 0.5cm. (p >0.5). A total of 16 patients showed improvement while in the frog-leg position over the supine position with a mean adv...
African-American physicians' and dentists' perceptions of smoking cessation: solo versus HMO practices.

This study sought to assess the differences in smoking cessation (SC) patient practices and attitudes of physicians and dentists by type of practice (i.e. solo versus group or health maintenance organization [HMO]). Few studies have compared demographics, attitudes, and practices between solo and group providers. The results from this survey of African-American (AA) physicians and dentists provide insights into the perceptions of SC by AA health-care providers in a Southern metropolitan area. Approximately 373 physicians and 90 dentists were mailed questionnaires along with a letter describing the purpose of the study and elements of confidentiality. Dentists and physicians reported nearly the same percentage of smoke-free offices. Physicians were more likely to report that they record information on patients' smoking status and that they counsel patients to quit. Measuring attitudes and current practices among physicians and dentists with regards to SC is essential if health promotion efforts are to have an impact among the AA population.
Turbulence, Crises and Risk Management

Balance sheets are opaque concepts. In more than one way, the individual instruments in a balance sheet have no meaning by themselves. What is more, most large financial institutions carry a very large number of diverse instruments on their balance sheets, in many different branches and subsidiaries around the world. Even a careful analysis of financial tables and balance sheets will not show the exact positions and exposures the financial institution has taken. This is even before one can ask how one would value these positions.
Zahlentheoretische Experimente im Unterricht

Die Zahlentheorie ist, wie ihren Anhangern wohl bekannt ist, eine experimentelle Wissenschaft.
Immunohistology and Molecular Studies of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas and Mimics

The skin is the second most common extranodal anatomical site for primary lymphomas. Lymphomas primarily involving the skin are a unique group of tumors that differ in many characteristics, including immunophenotype and clinical behavior, from their nodal analogs. Most of the primary cutaneous lymphomas exhibit T-cell lineage. Although histopathological examination is the clue when approaching these tumors, immunohistochemistry and molecular studies are required in most of the cases for an accurate diagnosis.
Effect of Acid Pretreatment on the Stability of EDTA, Cysteine, Lactic and Succinic Acid Complexes of Various Iron Sources in a Wheat Flake Cereal

An in vitro incubation at pH 2 of EDTA, cysteine, lactic or succinic acids with each of five iron sources, [hydrogen (HRI) and electrolytically reduced elemental iron (ERI), ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferric orthophosphate (FOP)] at a 10:1 molar ratio (ligand:iron) was evaluated for its effect on iron solubilization in a wheat flake cereal subjected to a sequential gastrointestinal pH treatment from endogenous pH (E) to 2 to 6. Incubation significantly enhanced the iron solubilizing potential of EDTA at each pH with HRI and ERI, while lactic and succinic acids were similarly effective with FeSO4 and FeCl3 at pH 2. The reducing potential of cysteine, along with its role as a ligand, generated substantial amounts of Fe+ 2 (pH 2) at the apparent expense of complexed iron. However, with the exception of ERI (pH E), incubation did not increase cysteine's effectiveness in producing more soluble iron (ionic + complexed). This indicates that pH was the major solubilizing factor. Due to FOP's relative insolubility, incubation proved ineffective in all instances. These in vitro results indicate that acid incubation to form a ligand-iron complex has the potential to improve bioavailability of iron.
COMPARING THE ANTERIOR, POSTERIOR, AND LATERAL APPROACH: GAIT ANALYSIS IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most effective treatment modality for severe arthritis of the hip. Patients report excellent clinical and functional outcomes following THA, including subjective improvement in gait mechanics. However, few studies in the literature have outlined the impact of surgical approach on gait kinetics and kinematics. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of surgical approach for THA on quantitative gait analysis. Thirty patients undergoing THA for primary osteoarthritis of the hip were assigned to one of three surgical approaches (10 anterior, 10 posterior, and 10 lateral). A single surgeon performed each individual approach. Each patient received standardised implants at the time of surgery (cementless stem and acetabular component, cobalt chrome femoral head, highly cross-linked liner). Patients underwent 3D gait analysis pre-operatively, and at 6- and 12-weeks following the procedure. At each time point, temporal gait parameters, kinetics, and kinematics were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance. All three groups were similar with respect to age (p=0.27), body mass index (p=0.16), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (p=0.66). Temporal parameters including step length, stride length, gait velocity, and percent stance and swing phase were similar between the groups at all time points. The lateral cohort had higher pelvic tilt during stance on the affected leg than the anterior cohort at 6-weeks (p=0.033). Affected leg ipsilateral trunk lean during stance was higher in the lateral group at 6-weeks (p=0.006) and 12-weeks (p=0.037) compared to the other cohorts. The anterior and posterior groups demonstrated an increased external rotation moment at 6-weeks (p=0.001) and 12-weeks (p=0.005) compared to the lateral group. Although temporal parameters were similar across all groups, some differences in gait kinematics and kinetics exist following THA using different surgical approaches. However, the clinical relevance based on the small magnitude of the differences remains in question.
Making It Part of the Package: Edible Packaging Is More Acceptable to Young Consumers When It Is Integrated With Food

ABSTRACTHow does edible packaging bias taste perceptions and acceptability? To examine this, we conducted an experiment where we manipulated what information participants received about a product with edible packaging and whether participants ate the product with its edible packaging and core food product intact or ate the edible packaging and core product layers separately. Participants who received information about edible packaging and tasted the edible packaging layer separately rated the product lower on dimensions of taste, healthiness, and intention to purchase than participants in other treatment groups. Findings suggest that framing a product as an edible package with environmental benefits can lead to negative judgments. Contrary to what environmentalists would expect, it may be best to simply not highlight its environmental benefits. Findings also suggest that consumers’ judgments of edible packaging may depend on how well the packaging material is integrated with its principal food product, an...
Deep Design: Product Aesthetics for Heterogeneous Markets

Aesthetic appeal is a primary driver of customer consideration for products such as automobiles. Product designers must accordingly convey design attributes (e.g., 'Sportiness'), a challenging proposition given the subjective nature of aesthetics and heterogeneous market segments with potentially different aesthetic preferences. We introduce a scalable deep learning approach that predicts how customers across different market segments perceive aesthetic designs and provides a visualization that can aid in product design. We tested this approach using a large-scale product design and crowdsourced customer data set with a Siamese neural network architecture containing a pair of conditional generative adversarial networks. The results show that the model predicts aesthetic design attributes of customers in heterogeneous market segments and provides a visualization of these aesthetic perceptions. This suggests that the proposed deep learning approach provides a scalable method for understanding customer aesthetic perceptions.
Durable Benefit of Particle Occlusion of Systemic to Pulmonary Collaterals in Select Patients After Superior Cavopulmonary Connection

Systemic to pulmonary arterial collaterals (SPC) are commonly found in patients undergoing staged operative palliation for single ventricle heart disease. Occlusion of SPC as part of pre-Fontan catheterization has been shown to improve hemodynamics acutely. Anecdotally, the effect of this intervention appears to be transient, and to our knowledge there is no data supporting its durability in these patients. Between 1/1/2016 and 5/1/2017, 24 children underwent Glenn operations at our institution. Of these, 3 patients had signs and symptoms deteriorating clinical status suggestive of volume overload in the period between their Glenn operation and Fontan completion, prompting heart catheterization. SPC were occluded with a combination of polyvinyl alcohol embolization particles, and in some cases coils or vascular plugs. Clinical course and data from echocardiograms and serial catheterizations are presented. SPC occlusion was performed over 6 procedures in 3 subjects with technical success in each case. Hemodynamic evaluation was repeated in 2/3 patients with improvement in collateral burden and hemodynamics in both cases. One patient previously thought to be unsuitable for Fontan completion improved sufficiently to undergo late Fontan completion, which was ultimately successful. In all patients, there was improvement in clinical status. In patients with severe SPC collateral durable benefit was seen, suggesting that in certain cases intervention on SPC remote from Fontan completion may have clinical benefit.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

A 10-year-old Caucasian male returned with his parents to his pediatrician’s office for genetic counseling and sample acquisition to undergo genetic testing for a specific disorder. He was conceived via sperm donation and born with bilateral congenital hip dislocation to a 27-year-old G1P0 mother. Developmental delay, hyptonia, and megalocephaly were noted at six months of age, at which time computed tomography (CT) evaluation demonstrated lateral and third ventricles of high-normal size with bilateral frontal extra-axial fluid. Further magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation revealed mild hydrocephalus with excess subdural fluid and increased ventricular size. An electro-encephalogram (EEG) was normal, as was a laboratory workup which included creatine phosphokinase, lactate, and pyruvate levels as well as urine organic acids.
Ethical considerations with electroconvulsive therapy.

Electroconvulsive is an effective treatment option that should remain available for use, with proper ethical safeguards, for the treatment of severe clinical depression. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Intraocular pressure in an American community. The Beaver Dam Eye Study.

The Beaver Dam Eye Study is a population-based study of age-related eye diseases in persons 43-86 yr of age. Applanation tonometry was done on all study subjects. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) increased significantly with age. Mean IOP differed little between the sexes and was not significantly different after age adjustment (in right eyes of 2721 women, it was 15.5 mm Hg, and in right eyes of 2135 men, it was 15.3 mm Hg). There was an association of IOP with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, hematocrit, serum glucose, glycohemoglobin, cholesterol level, pulse, nuclear sclerosis, season, and time of day of measurement. These data confirm that, in a general population, IOP is associated with important systemic and ocular characteristics. Those characteristics should be considered in further research on determinants of IOP. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:2224-2228, 1992 Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an inherent physiologic characteristic of importance in maintaining structure and function of the eye. Correlates of this measurement include other important physiologic parameters that may need to be considered in investigating determinants of IOP. Because IOP is the ocular parameter that is associated most commonly with glaucoma, 1 " 4 it may be important to evaluate these physiologic correlates of IOP; they may confound relationships between IOP and glaucoma. We briefly describe the distribution of IOP and investigate its correlates in the population participating in the Beaver Dam Eye Study.
Spectral Methods and Applications

The study of linear transformations, eigenvalue problems, and spectral decomposition in Chap. 2 is extended in this chapter to singular value decomposition, principal component analysis, and various operator norms for two areas of applications to data representations.
Exploring the Persuasiveness of Just-in-time Motivational Messages for Obesity Management

The healthcare industry in the United States is going through major challenges in terms of financial and human resources. One of the preferred ways to address this issue is to develop effective prevention systems so that the people can live healthy lives and in turn minimize the use of the medical system. Preventing diseases requires people to adopt healthy lifestyles. Advances in pervasive technology provide promising opportunity in developing such systems. Specifically, sending "just-in-time" motivational messages to help people make right health related decision has been pointed out as an emerging field of research. However, in order to persuade the users to take a healthy action, it is essential that the "just-in-time" messages are persuasive to the recipients. In this study, we explored persuasiveness of such messages by considering two of the five elements of a communication process with a focus on obesity management.
Investigation and Simulation of Gasoline in a Diesel Fuel Injector for Gasoline Compression Ignition Applications

Future demand for middle distillates in the commercial sector is expected to rise in step with increased economic activity in much of the world. Simultaneously, the passenger car fleet will experience various degrees of electrification and demand for gasoline is expected to fall. This divergence in demand will offer an opportunity to commercial vehicle owners if gasoline fuel streams can be burned efficiently in commercial engines.
Understanding the scope of a field: Using awards to enhance graduate student socialization and network building

Graduate courses are designed to help students learn discipline-specific knowledge, theories, and methods, but also to socialize them into the larger professional network. The awards assignment in ...
UNIT 1.3 Standardization, Calibration, and Control in Flow Cytometry

Because flow cytometers are designed to measure particle characteristics, particles are the most common materials used to calibrate, control, and standardize the instruments. Definitions are provided for common terms to alert the reader to critical distinctions in meaning. The unit presents extensive background on particle types and cautions and goes on to describe practical aspects of methods to standardize and calibrate instruments, in terms of optical alignment, fluorescence and light scatter resolution, and sensitivity. Finally, suggestions follow for analyzing particles used for calibration.
Neural Evolution of Context-Dependent Fly Song

It is unclear where in the nervous system evolutionary changes tend to occur. To localize the source of neural evolution that has generated divergent behaviors, we developed a new approach to label and functionally manipulate homologous neurons across Drosophila species. We examined homologous descending neurons that drive courtship song in two species that sing divergent song types and localized relevant evolutionary changes in circuit function downstream of the intrinsic physiology of these descending neurons. This evolutionary change causes different species to produce divergent motor patterns in similar social contexts. Artificial stimulation of these descending neurons drives multiple song types, suggesting that multifunctional properties of song circuits may facilitate rapid evolution of song types.
Concurrent Data Structures with Near-Data-Processing: an Architecture-Aware Implementation

Recent advances in memory architectures have provoked renewed interest in near-data-processing (NDP) as way to alleviate the "memory wall" problem. An NDP architecture places logic circuits, such as simple processors, in close proximity to memory. Effective use of NDP architectures requires rethinking data structures and their algorithms. Here, we provide an empirical evaluation of several NDP-aware algorithms for general-purpose concurrent data structures such as linked-lists, skiplists, and FIFO queues. The empirical analysis reveals that the potential benefits of NDP-based concurrent data structures are less than what had been expected in earlier studies. In turn, we introduce lightweight NDP hardware modifications, inspired by initial observations on data access patterns and underlying DRAM activity. Even the minimal changes to hardware significantly improve the performance and energy consumption of NDP-based concurrent data structures, and in many cases, the resulting data structures outperform state-of-the-art concurrent data structures.
Unfolded Protein Response in the COVID-19 Context

The unfolded protein response (UPR) maintains cellular homeostasis by regulating key elements of cellular growth and defense. Recent evidence suggests that this mechanism affects the vascular barrier function, by modulating lung endothelial permeability. Dysregulation of this barrier contributes in the irreversible outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 - inflicted acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, it is highly probable that the targeted activation of those UPR components in charge of repairing the destructed lung endothelium of the COVID-19 patients, may deliver a promising therapeutic possibility for those subjected to the devastating outcomes of the ongoing pandemic.
Utility of Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Positioning of Total Hip Arthroplasty Components Using a Posterior and Direct Anterior Approach.

Introduction Positioning of implant components for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is important for polyethylene liner wear, prosthesis joint stability, and range of motion. The introduction of fluoroscopy for the direct anterior approach has been shown to improve physician accuracy for component positioning. Few studies compare the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy for THA component positioning in posterior THA. The purpose of this project is to retrospectively evaluate the effect of intraoperative fluoroscopy on component positioning for THA using posterior and direct anterior approach (DAA). Materials and methods A retrospective review of postoperative weight-bearing X-ray films of THAs was performed over a 2-year period where a single fellowship-trained total joint surgeon introduced direct anterior approach into his practice while expanding the intraoperative use of fluoroscopy for all THA procedures, regardless of approach. Component position was evaluated through radiographic measurement of acetabular cup inclination (goal of 40 degrees), limb length discrepancy (goal of 0 mm), and femoral component offset difference (goal of 0 mm). Radiographic analysis was performed by two independent providers. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-tests. Results A total of 107 patients with an average age of 62 years were identified during the 2-year period surrounding the THA practice change, adding fluoroscopy to posterior and DAA THA. Three cohorts were identified: cohort A: 44 patients who underwent posterior THAs without the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, cohort B: 35 patients who underwent direct anterior approach THAs with the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, and cohort C: 18 patients who underwent posterior THAs with the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy. The use of intraoperative fluoroscopy for the posterior approach versus unguided posterior approach increased accuracy of both cup inclination (44 degrees vs 50 degrees, P Conclusion Intraoperative use of fluoroscopy can improve component positioning for posterior THA.
Nonself-recognition-based self-incompatibility can alternatively promote or prevent introgression

Traditionally, we expect that self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles), which prevent self-fertilization, should benefit from negative-frequency dependent selection and rise to high frequency when introduced to a new population through gene flow. However, the most taxonomically widespread form of self-incompatibility, the ribonuclease-based system ancestral to the core eudicots, functions through nonself-recognition, which drastically alters the process of S-allele diversification. We analyze a model of S-allele evolution in two populations connected by migration, focusing on comparisons among the fates of S-alleles originally unique to each population and those shared among populations. We find that both shared and unique S-alleles originating from the population with more unique S-alleles were usually fitter than S-alleles from the population with fewer. Resident S-alleles were often driven extinct and replaced by migrant S-alleles, though this outcome could be averted by pollen limitation or biased migration. Nonself-recognition-based self-incompatibility will usually either disfavor introgression of S-alleles or result in the whole-sale replacement of S-alleles from one population with those from another.
Nuclear size of circulating tumor cells in advanced prostate cancer to reveal a potential biomarker for clinical outcomes and androgen receptor indifference.

167Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have arisen as contemporary noninvasive prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa). Previously, a subgroup of PCa CTCs, with particularly small nu...