cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycemia and retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants.

OBJECTIVE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of morbidity in the very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infant. This study investigates a possible association between serum/blood glucose and the development of ROP. METHODS: A retrospective case–control study of all infants born between 1992 and 1997 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital with birth weights less than 1000 g who developed Stage 3 or 4 ROP was conducted. Controls either had Stage 1 ROP or no eye disease and were matched 2:1 with ROP patients for gestational age, birth weight and year of birth. Odds ratios (ORs) of ROP were calculated for multiple exposures over the first month after birth, including oxygen concentration (FiO2), blood glucose levels, vitamin E, mean airway pressure and mean blood pressure. RESULTS: In a simple logistic regression analysis, we found an increased ROP risk for: (1) each 10 mg/dl increase of mean glucose (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.42), (2) each 1% increase of mean FiO2 (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.004 to 1.13), (3) history of dopamine infusion (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.16 to 25.2) and (4) intraventricular hemorrhage Grade 3 or 4 (OR 7.3; 95% CI 1.53 to 34.7). Using a multiple regression model, we found an increased ROP risk for each 10 mg/dl increase of mean glucose (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.003 to 7.27). Each IU/kg/day of vitamin E supplementation reduced ROP risk (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.16–0.86). CONCLUSION: In this study, we could demonstrate that glucose levels in the first month of life are associated with the development of ROP. Further studies have to determine if this association is causal or if hyperglycemia is just an expression of severity of illness.
Tenure choice and condominium conversion

Abstract In this paper, we examine the tenure choice decisions of households involved in the condominium conversion process. We apply a model of tenure choice selection to two separate samples; preconversion residents and postconversion residents. We find that the primary factors influencing homeownership in general, income and relative prices, are also strong influences in determining condominium ownership. However, the tenure choice decisions of preconversion residents, who are confronted with a forced choice, are more heavily influenced by income and expected mobility. Post conversion tenure choice varies more with demographic factors and is more price elastic in nature.
Synthesis and characterisation of poly(isothianaphthene methine).

Abstract The reaction of 4-hexyloxybenzaldehyde and 1,3- t -butyldimethylsilylisothianaphthene in POCl 3 yields a soluble poly(isothianaphthene methine) derivative (1). This polymer is stable as well in the undoped as doped state and shows good reversible electrochromic properties. With a band gap of 1.2 eV this polymer can be considered as a low bandgap material. The oxidation potential of 375 mV against Ag-wire is one of the lowest reported for a conjugated polymer.
Problems, problems, problems...

Abstract An approach to teaching introductory problem solving techniques is presented. The algorithmic process is discussed in detail with examples. Student performance over the past five years is presented.
CP violation, tritium beta decay, and neutrinoless double-beta decay

$\mathrm{CP}$-violation effects in neutrinoless double-beta decays are discussed in the case of two-generation Majorana neutrinos. It is shown that the recent experimental results of $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ beta decay and neutrinoless double-beta decay, when taken at their face values, imply that the $\mathrm{CP}$-violating phase angle in the mixing matrix for the left-handed lepton sector must be less than 16\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.
Flavor preferences conditioned by intragastric infusion of ethanol in rats

Abstract Sprague–Dawley rats were trained 22 h/day to associate a flavored solution [conditioned stimulus (CS+)] with intragastric infusions of 6% ethanol and another flavored solution (CS−) with water infusions. The infusions were matched to the CS intakes so that the animals determined their timing and size. In Phase 1, chow and water were available ad libitum, and both CS flavors were initially sweetened with saccharin that was then faded out. The rats displayed a preference for the CS+ over the CS− under both reinforced and extinction conditions. When food-restricted in Phase 2, the rats displayed an increased preference for the CS+. In Phase 3, the rats were fed ad libitum chow and given preference tests with the CS+ paired with ethanol infusions of increasing concentration (6%, 12%, 18%, and 24%). Their preference for the CS+ over the CS− persisted, and self-administered ethanol dose increased with concentration to 5 g/kg/day. The ethanol-based conditioned flavor preference resembled those conditioned by carbohydrate and fat infusions, suggesting that at least some of reinforcing ability of ethanol may be related to its postingestive nutritive effects.
Isolation and culture of cereal protoplasts. I. Callus formation from pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) protoplasts

Summary Protoplasts isolated from cereal crop plants have proved to be extremely difficult to culture. We report here high plating efficiency and callus tissue formation from protoplasts isolated from suspension cultures of pearl millet ( Pennisetum americanum ).
A Survey of State Teacher-Competency Examination Programs.

As compared to the 1987 “wall chart” issued by U.S. Secretary of Education William J. Bennett and to other recent reports on teacher testing, this article by Lehmann and Phillips provides considerably more detail on the nature of teacher testing. On the basis of a survey of all the states, the authors provide an analysis of what areas are covered in teacher tests, exactly which tests are used, and how the tests are used in both current and planned state teacher testing programs.
Expanding Our Conceptualization of and Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Integrating Mindfulness/Acceptance-Based Approaches With Existing Cognitive-Behavioral Models

Generalized anxiety disorder (CAD) is a chronic, pervasive disorder for which we have yet to develop sufficiently efficacious interventions. In this article we propose that recent research and theory regarding this disorder supports the integration of acceptance-based treatments with existing cognitive-behavioral treatments for CAD to improve the efficacy and clinical significance of such approaches. The bases for this proposal (from both the CAD and the acceptance-based treatment literature) are reviewed, and a new treatment stemming from this conceptual integration is described.
Progress and controversies: Radiation therapy for invasive breast cancer

Radiation therapy is a critical component of the multidisciplinary management of invasive breast cancer. In appropriately selected patients, radiation not only improves local control, sparing patients the morbidity and distress of local recurrence, but it also improves survival by preventing seeding and reseeding of distant metastases from persistent reservoirs of locoregional disease. In recent years, considerable progress has been made toward improving our ability to select patients most likely to benefit from radiotherapy and to administer treatment in ways that maximize clinical benefit while minimizing toxicity and burden. This article reviews the role of radiation therapy in invasive breast cancer management, both after breast-conserving surgery and after mastectomy. It focuses particularly on emerging evidence that helps to define the clinical situations in which radiotherapy is indicated, the appropriate targets of treatment, and optimal approaches for minimizing both the toxicity and the burden of treatment, all in the context of the evolving surgical and systemic management of this common disease. It includes a discussion of new approaches in breast cancer radiotherapy, including hypofractionation and intensity modulation, as well as a discussion of promising avenues for future research.
RIT MEMS Fabrication Course; University Government Industry Microelectronics Symposium

This paper describes a simple, reliable; bulk micro- machined, micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) process flow for the fabrication of a wide variety of devices which has been implemented within the Microelectronic Engineering Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology. The fabrication and testing results for thermopiles, pressure sensors, micro-speakers, micro- pumps, accelerometers and inductors in a ten week fabrication course are reported.
When cows fly: expanding cognizable injury-in-fact and interest group litigation.

This Note takes an in-depth look at standing and, specifically, the extent to which increased risk of exposure to toxins caused by a government agency's regulations constitutes a judicially cognizable injury-in-fact. Despite over a century of case law on the topic, standing doctrine remains in flux and ill defined, largely due to the constantly changing ideological makeup of the U.S. Supreme Court. The lower courts are divided on the question of whether increased risk of future harm constitutes an injury-infact. Using Baur v. Veneman as a case study, this Note argues for the expansion of the definition of injury-in-fact to include potential future injuries that result from a specific government policy. Language: en
A Condom Distribution Program in the Los Angeles Men's Central Jail: Sheriff Deputies' Attitudes and Opinions.

The K6G unit of Los Angeles Men’s Central Jail is comprised of males who have sex with males (MSM), whether gay, bisexual, or transgender. Within this unit, condoms are distributed to inmates, one ...
Removal of Carbonaceous Residue with Wet Hydrogen in Greensheet Processing for Multilayer Ceramic Module: II, Reaction in Large Modules Influenced by Pore Diffusion and Mass Transfer

An experimental and mathematical investigation of the removal of carbonaceous residue deposited on the ceramic substrate in the fabrication of multilayer ceramic modules has been conducted. Such carbonaceous residue is formed when the organic binder is pyrolyzed during the firing of greensheets. This paper is the second of a two-part series that reports on and discusses the principal findings of the investigation. In this paper we describe the removal of carbonaceous residue from large blocks of the multilayer ceramic module in which the diffusion of gaseous species may play a role. A mathematical model is developed using the Law of Additive Reaction Times for fluid-solid reactions, which incroporates the effects of intrinsic chemical kinetics, pore diffusion, and external mass transfer. This law gives an approximate solution to the governing equations which describe the removal of carbonaceous residue from the MLC module during firing.
Popliteal entrapment syndrome: A report of tibial nerve entrapment

Abstract A case of popliteal entrapment syndrome is reported, in which the patient experienced symptoms of tibial nerve entrapment. Exploratory surgery revealed an abnormal fibrous band between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle that was compressing both the tibial nerve and popliteal artery. Division of this band provided immediate and lasting relief of the symptoms. This is believed to be the first report of a case of symptomatic entrapment of the tibial nerve. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:335-6.)
Distribution patterns of invasive alien species in Alabama, USA

Invasive alien species (IAS) cause environmental and economical problems. How to effectively manage all IAS at a large area is a challenge. Hypotheses about IAS (such as the “human activity” hypothesis, the “biotic acceptance” and the “biotic resistance”) have been proposed from numerous studies. Here the state of Alabama in USA, widely occupied by IAS, is used as a case study for characterizing the emergent patterns of IAS. The results indicate that most IAS are located in metropolitan areas and in the Black Belt area which is a historical intensive land use area. There are positive relationships between the richness of IAS and the change of human population, the species richness and the number of endangered species, as well as the total road length and farmland area across Alabama. This study partially supports the above three hypotheses and provides a general pattern of local IAS. Based on possible processes related with IAS, some implications for strategically managing local IAS are discussed.
The Impact of Community Disadvantage on the Relationship between the Family and Juvenile Crime

Prior research on the family has identified many variables significantly associated with criminal involvement, including such things as parental supervision and discipline and the quality of the parent-child relationship. However, little attention has been devoted to the possibility that the effects of these variables on crime depend on characteristics of the social context in which a family resides. Using data from a national sample of adolescents, the authors examined how the effects of key family variables depend on two indicators of a community's level of disadvantage: its objective level of community poverty (as indicated by U.S. census data) and its perceived inadequacy as a place to raise children (as rated by parents). The analysis suggests that community disadvantage significantly amplifies the effects on crime of problems in the family environment. The implications of this conclusion for criminological theory and future research on the causes of crime are addressed.
Histamine azoprotein; clinical evaluation.

Abstract 1.1. Treatment with histamine azoprotein was generally ineffective in a series of 40 allergic individuals. 2.2. Significant reactions, local and general, were noted in 10 per cent of the patients. 3.3. The whealing capacity of the skin to histamine was unimpaired following treatment with histamine azoprotein.
Impact of Helicobacter hepaticus Infection in B6C3F1 Mice from Twelve National Toxicology Program Two-Year Carcinogenesis Studies:

Male and female B6C3F, mice from 12 National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2-yr carcinogenesis studies were found to be infected with Helicobacrer hepaficirr. Many of the male mice from 9 of these studies had an associated hepatitis (affected studies). Helicobncrer hepnriciis has been reported to be associated with an increased incidence of hepatitis and hepatocellular neoplasms in the AlJCr male mouse. We attempted to determine if the data from the Helicobacrer-affected NTP B6C3F1 mouse studies were compromised and unsuitable for cancer hazard identification. The incidences of neoplasms of the liver (both hepatocellular and hemangiosarcoma) but not of other organs in control male B6C3F, mice \vere increased in affected studies as compared with control males from unaffected studies. The increased incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms was observed in those males exhibiting H. hepaficiis-associated hepatitis. Other observations further differentiated control male mice from affected and unaffected studies. H-ros codon 61 CAA to AAA mutations were less common in liver neoplasms from males from affected studies as compared with historical and study controls. In addition, increases in cell proliferation rates and apoptosis were observed in the livers of male mice with H. hepnriciis-associated hepatitis. These data support the hypothesis that the increased incidence of liver neoplasms is associated with H. hepaticits and that hepatitis may be important in the pathogenesis. Therefore, interpretation of carcinogenic effects in the liver of B6C3F, mice may be confounded if there is H. hepaticiir-associated hepatitis.
Coiled-coils: stability, specificity, and drug delivery potential.

The coiled-coil is a ubiquitous protein folding and assembly motif made of α-helices wrapping around each other forming a supercoil. The sequences of coiled-coils are made of seven-residue repeats, called heptads, and thus are polymer-like. Due to its simplicity and regularity, the coiled-coil is the most extensively studied protein motif. In this review, results on coiled-coil stability and specificity from structural and biophysical studies are summarized. It is pointed out that the primary sequences of coiled-coils over specify the secondary structure but under specify the tertiary/quaternary structure. This leads to two unique features of coiled-coil structure: linkage between stability and specificity and decoupling of secondary and tertiary/quaternary structural specificity. This is followed by a discussion of the potential of coiled-coils as drug delivery vehicles, particularly the prospect in two-staged pretargeted delivery. Such potentials are intimately related to the unique structural features of coiled-coils. The aim of this review is to illustrate how knowledge on protein stability and specificity can be used in the de novo design of peptide-based drug delivery vehicles with well-defined structure and interaction features.
LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION OF COMPRESSOR/NEBULIZER PERFORMANCE

BACKGROUND: Inhaled medications are the mainstay of treatment for maintenance of lung health in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Compressor/nebulizer units are used an average of 100–120 min/d by patients with CF. Each compressor/nebulizer has unique flow/pressure characteristics that affect particle size distribution and drug output rate. Few data are available regarding longitudinal performance of compressor/nebulizers. We hypothesized that their use over a 24-wk period under conditions similar to those of patients with CF would affect their performance. METHODS: Four new units of compressor/reusable nebulizers from 3 brands (Pari Vios/Pari LC Plus, Pulmo-Aide 5650D/Viox, and Inspiration Elite/SideStream Plus) commonly used by patients with CF were tested. Compressor/nebulizers were operated for 1 h twice daily 5 d/wk for 24 wk. Compressor flow/pressure characteristics were measured every 6 wk. Maximal flow was recorded without and with the nebulizer (MF and MF/NEB, respectively). Pressure was recorded at zero flow (MP) and at MF/NEB (P/NEB). Particle size distribution, inhaled mass (IM), and IM in respirable range were evaluated at baseline and every 12 wk. RESULTS: Vios had statistically significant declines in MP and P/NEB at each measurement compared with baseline (45.8 and 32.6 psi for MP and 16.7 and 14.3 psi for P/NEB at wk 0 and 24, respectively, P Pulmo-Aide > Inspiration Elite). Two Vios units stopped working at wk 11 and 24, respectively. All compressors maintained baseline IM, IM in respirable range, and aerosol characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of compressor/nebulizers in a regimen similar to that of patients with CF affected their performance. Pari Vios was the most affected brand, with declines in MP and P/NEB and 2 units that stopped working. Measurement of MF and MF/NEB could help identify compressors that are likely to fail.
Infinitary logic and admissible sets

In recent years much effort has gone into the study of languages which strengthen the classical first-order predicate calculus in various ways. This effort has been motivated by the desire to find a language which is(I) strong enough to express interesting properties not expressible by the classical language, but(II) still simple enough to yield interesting general results. Languages investigated include second-order logic, weak second-order logic, ω-logic, languages with generalized quantifiers, and infinitary logic.
Organizational Law as Asset Partitioning

Abstract Organizational law – comprising the bodies of law that govern standard legal entities such as business corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, nonprofit organizations, trusts, limited liability companies, and marriages – serves many functions of an essentially contractual character. These contractual functions – which include most matters involving the allocation of authority and earnings among the participants in the firm – could, however, be performed relatively easily by private contracting even in the absence of organizational law. A far more important function of organizational law, we argue, is its role in partitioning property rights between creditors of a firm and creditors of the firm's owners and managers. In particular, organizational law plays a crucial role in permitting the formation of a separate pool of assets that can be pledged to bond the contracts of which the firm is the nexus. While the law's role in partitioning off these bonding assets is seldom remarked, it is far more significant than the better-studied rule of limited liability that characterizes many, but not all, legal entities.
"Rest before Labour": The Pre-Text/s of Blake's The Four Zoas

This essay explores the ambiguities and ironies resident in the aphoristic phrase "Rest before Labour," which William Blake positions as the portal of "readerly" entry into his preliminary epic Vala, or The Four Zoas, which Blake never published. The "Rest" implied (the slumber of Albion, read historically and psychologically) occurs in the remainder of the poem yet functions as the boundary condition for the work itself—the first pre-text for this problematic work one might say. The "Labour" implied (the nightmare of alienation and fragmentation that ensues within Albion's sleep) occurs in the space-time of dreams across nine nights yet functions as the state of mind-matter relations in the waking world—the second pre-text for the work. The labor implicated in this dream narrative (visionary transformation of the public sphere) can only be achieved upon completion of the poem, again rendering all labors within the poem as pre-text for historical action. Once the work concludes its inner and outer operations (its labors, so to speak), reception dynamics shift the discursive arena to its readers, enacting a psycholinguistic transference until, ideally, Albion's awakening becomes our own. The poem's dream-work, then, inverts traditional associations of "rest" and "labour," and the implications of such an inversion best emerge when comparing Blake's view of dream-work with the critical elements articulated by Julia Kristeva in her analysis of a revolution in poetic language following the Romantic period itself. Kristeva's insightful analysis helps map Blakean cartographies of inner and outer symmetry.
Characterization of Arabidopsis and Rice DWD Proteins and Their Roles as Substrate Receptors for CUL4-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligases

A subset of WD40 proteins that contain a DWD motif (for DDB1 binding WD40) is reported to act as substrate receptors for DDB1-CUL4-ROC1 (for Damaged DNA Binding 1-Cullin 4-Regulator of Cullins 1) based E3 ubiquitin ligases in humans. Here, we report 85 Arabidopsis thaliana and 78 rice (Oryza sativa) proteins containing the conserved 16-amino acid DWD motif. We show by yeast two-hybrid and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation that 11 Arabidopsis DWD proteins directly interact with DDB1 and thus may serve as substrate receptors for the DDB1-CUL4 machinery. We further examine whether the DWD protein PRL1 (for Pleiotropic Regulatory Locus 1) may act as part of a CUL4-based E3 ligase. PRL1 directly interacts with DDB1, and prl1 and cul4cs mutants exhibited similar phenotypes, including altered responses to a variety of stimuli. Moreover, AKIN10 (for Arabidopsis SNF1 Kinase Homolog 10) was degraded more slowly in cell extracts of prl1 and cul4cs than in cell extracts of the wild type. Thus, both genetic and biochemical analyses support the conclusion that PRL1 is the substrate receptor of a CUL4-ROC1-DDB1-PRL1 E3 ligase involved in the degradation of AKIN10. This work adds a large new family to the current portfolio of plant E3 ubiquitin ligases.
System design principles combining sub-threshold circuit and architectures with energy scavenging mechanisms

Ultra low power (ULP) circuits and energy scavenging mechanisms, though conceptually appealing, have been mainly studied in isolation to date. In this paper, we observe energy harvesting prototypes to derive system-level models and to reveal practical issues specific to various types of energy harvesting systems. Our models predict how design decisions affect overall lifetime. We use our model to derive system driven principles for optimizing architecture, voltage selection, and sub-threshold circuit designs across different types of power harvesting systems.
The capacity of three-dimensional wireless ad hoc networks

Network capacity investigation has been intensive in the past few years. A large body of work has appeared in the literature. However, so far most of the effort has been made on two-dimensional wireless networks only. With the great development of wireless technologies, wireless networks are envisioned to extend from two-dimensional space to three-dimensional space. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the throughput capacity of 3D regular ad hoc networks (RANETs) and of 3D heterogeneous ad hoc networks (HANETs), respectively, by employing a generalized physical model. In 3D RANETs, we assume that the nodes are regularly placed, while in 3D HANETs, we consider that the nodes are distributed according to a general Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process (NPP). We find both lower and upper bounds in both types of networks in a broad power propagation regime, i.e., when the path loss exponent is no less than 2.
Mycobacterium smegmatis RNA polymerase: DNA supercoiling, action of rifampicin and mechanism of rifampicin resistance

We have isolated RNA polymerase from Mycobacterium smegmatis and established conditions for specific transcription initiation in vitro. The M. smegmatis enzyme has a strong dependence on supercoiling of the DNA substrate for transcription from mycobacterial promoters. We also show that RNA polymerase is the target for rifampicin, and that this antibiotic specifically inhibits the transition from synthesis of short oligoribonucleotides to full-length transcripts. RNA polymerase isolated from a rifampicin-resistant mutant of M. smegmatis is less sensitive to rifampicin in vitro, confirming that one mechanism of rifampicin resistance in mycobacteria is through alteration of RNA polymerase. This in vitro transcription system provides a simple method for the characterization of gene expression in mycobacteria including the pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium leprae. It also provides a system for evaluating potential anti-mycobacterial drugs.
Dual-shaped dual-reflector antenna for a whispering-gallery-mode gyrotron

A synthesis procedure based on the principles of geometrical optics has been applied to the design of a dual-shaped dual-reflector antenna used to transform the output of a gyrotron operating in a whispering-gallery mode to a Gaussian free-space beam. The new design is anticipated to improve the output-beam characteristics of previous antenna configurations in which the power distribution could be manipulated in only one dimension across the beam. This resulted in relatively poor free-space propagation characteristics and reduced coupling efficiency into guided wave systems. >
Regulation of myofibrillar protein turnover during maturation in normal and undernourished rat pups.

The study tested the hypothesis that a higher rate of myofibrillar than sarcoplasmic protein synthesis is responsible for the rapid postdifferentiation accumulation of myofibrils and that an inadeq...
Comments on "Discourses of Whiteness"

These articles give us a fine glimpse at how grand theories behave in daily life because they observe the dictum of good science and good art—they show us instead of just telling us. Together and singly, they illuminate two theoretical strands in current studies of whiteness (Allen 1994; Brodkin 1998; Crenshaw and Morrison 1992; Frankenberg 1993; Ignatiev 1995; Jacobson 1998; Morrison 1990; Roediger 1991). The first is the notion that whiteness is less a freestanding category than the powerful pole of a social relationship created by invidious contrast. Consequently the meaning of whiteness, its variability, and its fluidity all derive from its position of power and privilege vis-a-vis particular nonwhite others. And the second strand, somewhat less developed in the literature, is the notion that whiteness as a performed or lived role in a relationship has its internal contradictions. That is, the relationship of white folks to their whiteness, defined by the putative nonwhiteness of particular others, is often a relationship of ambivalence about the costs and benefits of what they embrace and what they devalue in order to be white.
Effect of epinephrine on net lactate uptake by contracting skeletal muscle.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of epinephrine on net lactate (La−) uptake at constant elevated blood La− concentration and steady level metabolic rate (O2 uptake) in the cani...
Ca-Mg and K-Mg mixing around non-bridging O atoms in silicate glasses: An investigation using 17O MAS and 3QMAS NMR

In an effort to improve the physical accuracy of models of the thermodynamics of silicate melts, we describe a systematic study of the extent of modifying cation mixing, using 17 O 3QMAS NMR, in a series of Ca-Mg and K-Mg silicate glasses. The spectra for the mixed cation Ca 2–2 x Mg 2 x Si 2 O 6 glass show that only one large non-bridging O atom (NBO) peak occurs that encompasses the entire range of chemical shifts ranging from Ca-NBO to Mg-NBO. Comparison of the isotropic projections from 3QMAS NMR to spectra predicted by a random model show that mixing in these glasses is highly disordered, but may contain a small amount of ordering at the glass transition temperature. In contrast, cation mixing in K-Mg silicate glasses is very ordered, confirming previous results; however, the results of this study disagree with the interpretation of the previous study and show that the NBO in K-Mg silicate glasses contain mostly Mg-NBO, not a highly ordered K-Mg-NBO species. These order-disorder results have direct implications in constraining entropy models and therefore allowing better predictions of mineral-melt equilibria in silicate melts.
A Study of the Interactive Application in Aquarium Exhibit

Mobile technology is becoming increasingly widespread in museums, and many institutions have already developed applications that can be downloaded on mobile phones. The use of mobile technology is a new communication between museum and visitors yet there are few mobile apps for Aquariums even though there is an enormous amount of information available to visitors. Mobile apps are a powerful educational environment for inspiring and supporting children and adults interested in nature. They potentially may be used commonly due to increasing use of wireless networks for dissemination of media. The aim of this study is help visitors get information and interact with marine animals in the aquarium via a mobile app. Data collected from observations, surveys and tests with 259 visitors to exhibits in the Georgia are discussed in this study. The results will provide insights and guidelines for using mobile technology to interact in other museums.
A Linguistic Approach to Narrative

AbstractThis article develops, through an analysis of a single example, a linguistic ap-proach to narrative. I argue that the discourse structure of a text functions to set up a series of interpretive questions, questions that must be answered by any acceptable interpretation, but that also constrain what count as acceptable inter-pretations. I argue that the text I use as an example, a narrative from a woman in her 20s suffering from schizophrenia, is a typical-if striking-example of human narrative sense making. The global organization of the narrative, like all deeply senseful uses of language, flows from the organization of the discourse system (line and stanzas) and from the lived and earned coherence of the narra-tor's life. (Psychology)
Abstract 3755: Flow Diversion for Proximal Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: Complications and Early Angiographic Results

Background: Flow diversion has been proposed as a valid option for patients with proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms. We analyzed a consecutive series of 38 patients with proximal (to the origin of the posterior communicating artery) internal carotid artery aneurysms treated with flow diversion over a 28-month interval. Methods: Clinical information and angiographic follow-up data were prospectively collected in a consecutive series of patients with proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms treated with flow diversion. No patients were lost to follow-up and every eligible patient (with at least 6 months of follow-up) underwent catheter angiography at 6 months. Results: The series include 38 patients (37 women and 1 man). Most of the aneurysms were large or giant and with a wide neck. In two patients, we failed to deliver the device to the target segment because of proximal vessel tortuosity; thus 36 patients underwent flow diversion. There were no permanent periprocedural neurological deficits. One patient experienced a transient neurological deficit and another patient suffered slight transient worsening of a third nerve paresis. Complete angiographic occlusion of the aneurysm was observed in 75% of patients at 6 months and in 87% of the eligible patients at one year. One patient was found to have asymptomatic internal carotid occlusion. Conclusion: Flow diversion is an effective and safe method to treat internal carotid artery aneurysms not amenable to other endovascular techniques.
Chief Justice Taft, National Regulation, and the Commerce Power

\\#ILIAM HOWARD TAFT'S interpretations of the federal commerce power marked his most successful and influential work as Chief Justice in the 1920s. A broad interpretation of the regulatory and police aspects of the commerce clause characterized such opinions of his as those sustaining the Transportation Act of 1920, the Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921, the Grain Futures Act of 1922, and the Motor Vehicle Theft Act of 1919. As a separate commentary on Taft's judicial career, these opinions complemented his extremely liberal views of the president's power to run the executive department and his broad views of federal judicial power. But they also contrasted sharply with his narrow interpretations of state regulatory power and a sporadic attachment to the Tenth Amendment. Much of Taft's other work proved sterile despite a conscious and continuous effort to spell out concrete and absolute judicial formulas for social and economic problems demanding essentially political solutions. The commerce clause opinions, fashioned on a more pragmatic basis, have had a more persistent vitality than any of Taft's other major constitutional doctrines. Their immediate effect was to maintain and expand the principles of national regulatory power, and they proved to be a useful doctrinal peg for the union of liberal and conservative views in the "constitutional revolution" of 1937. Then, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and a new majority leaned on Taft's doctrines to justify once again a broad construction of federal power.'
Regulation of mouse beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene expression and mRNA splice variants in adipocytes

This study examined the regulation of murine beta 3-receptor mRNA and determined whether the recently described mRNA splice variants are differentially regulated by agents that alter total beta 3-receptor mRNA levels. In vivo treatment of mice with the beta 3-receptor agonist BRL-26830 reduced total beta 3-transcripts by 64% in white adipose tissue but did not alter the mRNA splicing pattern. Further analysis in cultured 3T3-F442A adipocytes showed that isoproterenol, dexamethasone, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also greatly reduced beta 3-receptor mRNA levels without selectively altering poly-U-containing transcripts. Blockade of transcription with actinomycin D produced a rapid loss of beta 3-receptor mRNA, which was prevented by blockade of mRNA translation with cycloheximide. However, neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide altered the splicing pattern of beta 3-receptor mRNA. Analysis of transcription rate by nuclear run-off assay indicated that 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate reduce beta 3-receptor gene transcription and that suppression of transcription is sufficient to account for the reduction in beta 3-receptor mRNA levels by these agents.
Variational Principles and Adaptive Methods for Complex Flow Problems

ABSTRACT Oden, J. T., Strouboulis, T. and Devloo, Ph., 1986. Variational principles and adaptive methods for complex flow problems, Variational Methods in the Geosciences, Elsevier Science Publishers, N.Y. This paper provides a brief summary of several adaptive finite element methods that are under development at TICOM for the analysis of complex problems in solid and fluid mechanics.
The Future of Cardiovascular Epidemiology

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the lifetime risk exceeding 60%.1 More than 2200 Americans die of CVD daily, 1 death every 40 seconds. A third of CVD deaths occur before 75 years of age, which is less than the average life expectancy of 78.8 years.1 Thus, prevention of CVD is a public health priority. Major advances in cardiovascular epidemiology over the last 4 decades have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of CVD, with the identification and treatment of several major risk factors.2 However, several factors are worth highlighting to place these past achievements in appropriate perspective. 1. There remains a substantial societal burden of risk factors. Data indicate that 1 in 3 Americans reports no leisure-time physical activity and is likely to have high blood pressure, prediabetes, or high blood levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.1 A majority of adults in the United States are overweight or obese; about one fifth have low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; one sixth smoke; and about 1/10th have diabetes mellitus.1 2. Projections indicate that the prevalence of CVD in the United States may escalate by 10% between 2010 and 2030.3 The estimated increase stems in part from the aging of the population and is fueled by the recent trends for increasing obesity rates and the concomitant rising rates of hypertension (8% increase over the next decade) and diabetes mellitus (100% increase over next 3 decades).1 These projections indicate that past achievements potentially may be challenged by some of the recent adverse trends in some risk factors. 3. There is a glaring 14-year difference in life expectancy between select population groups in the United States, as identified in the Eight Americas Study,4 with CVD emerging as the greatest source of difference …
Crown group Oxyphotobacteria postdate the rise of oxygen.

The rise of oxygen ca. 2.3 billion years ago (Ga) is the most distinct environmental transition in Earth history. This event was enabled by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis in the ancestors of Cyanobacteria. However, long-standing questions concern the evolutionary timing of this metabolism, with conflicting answers spanning more than one billion years. Recently, knowledge of the Cyanobacteria phylum has expanded with the discovery of non-photosynthetic members, including a closely related sister group termed Melainabacteria, with the known oxygenic phototrophs restricted to a clade recently designated Oxyphotobacteria. By integrating genomic data from the Melainabacteria, cross-calibrated Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analyses show that crown group Oxyphotobacteria evolved ca. 2.0 billion years ago (Ga), well after the rise of atmospheric dioxygen. We further estimate the divergence between Oxyphotobacteria and Melainabacteria ca. 2.5–2.6 Ga, which—if oxygenic photosynthesis is an evolutionary synapomorphy of the Oxyphotobacteria—marks an upper limit for the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis. Together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved relatively close in time to the rise of oxygen.
Advanced Genetic Testing Comes to the Pain Clinic to Make a Diagnosis of Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder.

Objective. To describe the use of an advanced genetic testing technique, whole exome sequencing, to diagnose a patient and their family with a SCN9A channelopathy. Setting. Academic tertiary care center. Design. Case report. Case Report. A 61-year-old female with a history of acute facial pain, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and constipation was found to have a gain of function SCN9A mutation by whole exome sequencing. This mutation resulted in an SCN9A channelopathy that is most consistent with a diagnosis of paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. In addition to the patient being diagnosed, four siblings have a clinical diagnosis of SCN9A channelopathy as they have consistent symptoms and a sister with a known mutation. For treatment, gabapentin was ineffective and carbamazepine was not tolerated. Nontraditional therapies improved symptoms and constipation resolved with pelvic floor retraining with biofeedback. Conclusion. Patients with a personal and family history of chronic pain may benefit from a referral to Medical Genetics. Pelvic floor retraining with biofeedback should be considered for patients with a SCN9A channelopathy and constipation.
Sediment transport in the coastal ocean: a retrospective evaluation of the benthic tripod and its impact, past, present, and future

In-situ observations of near-bed flow and sediment transport have been carried out for approximately 50 years. The observational technique employs a benthic tripod which can remain submerged on the seafloor for an extended period of time upon which are mounted various oceanographic instruments. The instruments transmit their signals to shipboard via connecting cable or more frequently record their output in accompanying data loggers. During the early years of benthic tripod work, measurements emphasized nearbed current velocity and associated suspended sediment profiles over periods of tidal cycles. The objectives of these studies were to evaluate existing boundary-layer flow and sediment transport theories under natural marine conditions. More recently, instrument capabilities and tripod deployment times have increased dramatically. Research objectives have expanded to include documentation of the physical processes active in the coastal ocean and their contribution to along-and across-margin sediment transport. Tripod-based studies continue to be a significant component of many comprehensive field programs. These long-term studies provide a way to document seabed physical processes and sediment transport over the full range of environmental conditions and continue to shape our concepts of sediment transport on continental shelves. Additionally, these boundary-layer studies have provided critical input for boundary-layer-numerical model development. Benthic tripods and self-contained instrumentation also represent a base of expertise that will help with design and implementation of coastal observatories in the future.
Task Significance and Performance: Meaningfulness as a Mediator

The job characteristics model (JCM) predicts that task significance and work meaningfulness are related to greater job performance and that meaningfulness mediates the relation between task significance and job performance. However, these propositions have received limited attention, especially when linking meaningful work to job performance. Therefore, we tested claims from the JCM with a large, diverse sample of working adults using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that self-reported performance was significantly related to both meaningful work and task significance. Moreover, meaningful work fully mediated the relation between task significance and two measures of self-reported job performance. Limitations and implications for further research are discussed.
Baastrup’s Disease Causing Neurogenic Claudication

This is a condition where the adjacent spinous processes (kissing spines) come in close contact due to hyperextension and increasing lumbar lordosis and when continued it leads to neoarthosis and osteoarthritis with synovial lining. Also called Lumbar Interspinous Bursitis
The Net Present Value and Other Economic Implications of a Medical Career.

College graduates’ career choices are driven by a complex mixture of factors, one of which is economics. The author comments on the report by Marcu and colleagues in this issue, which focuses strictly on the economics of this decision. Specifically, Marcu and colleagues modeled career choices as lon
Intelligent Type-2 Fuzzy Inference for Web Information Search Task

This chapter focuses on using interval TSK type-2 fuzzy inference to execute a Web Information Search Task (WIST). Type-2 fuzzy inference is helpful to address the “rule uncertainty problem” to improve the performance of a WIST because less prediction error can be achieved. On the other hand, type-2 fuzzy inference is generally computational intensive; this chapter proposes a simple idea to simplify the computation for interval TSK type-2 fuzzy inference.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mediates growth through the activation of ERK5 in mesothelioma cell lines

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4269 Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor Met are present in most malignant mesothelioma tumors suggesting that their expression is involved in mesothelioma progression. Previous studies have suggested that Met signaling contributes to chemotaxis, growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms through which MET signaling contribute to these events remains unclear. Here we show in six mesothelioma cell lines that signaling by HGF strongly phosphorylates ERK5. Decreased activation of ERK5 by inhibiting its activator, MEK5 with a siRNA construct, reduced the growth effect of HGF in these cells. Additionally, we showed that ERK5 activation by HGF is dependent on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. These results suggest that the ERK5 pathway may be a therapeutic target in mesothelioma. Supported by the Vermont Cancer Center: LCCRO (MERN) and KO1 CA104159-01 (MERN).
A Multichannel airborne radar dataset

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) recently developed an airborne Multichannel Synthetic Aperture Radar (MSAR) test bed system consisting of 32 along-track phase centers using two transmit horns and 16 receive antennas. NRL has deployed this system to perform extensive and systematic data collections on a variety of small maritime craft under different collection approaches, subject motions, and environmental conditions. These data collections are detailed in this paper.
Clinical Presentation of Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that can affect individuals from infancy to adulthood. Also referred to as “the itch that rashes”, atopic dermatitis is classically associated with significant pruritus that is accompanied by characteristic cutaneous and other clinical findings. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis can be challenging due to the wide range of clinical presentations based on patient factors such as age, skin type, ethnicity, and other comorbid conditions. This chapter reviews the classical findings as well as the less common manifestations of atopic dermatitis.
Acoustic-transfection for gene editing using high frequency ultrasound

Controlling cell functions for drug development and therapeutic purposes has been an important method in clinic to treat critical diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Modulation of cancer cells and finding specific mutations in cancer are methods to investigate mechanism of outbreak of cancer. The advancement in molecular biology introduced tools to precisely edit genome of cells. Any molecules spanning from small molecules to extremely large proteins need to be delivered into target cells to express designated gene expression. High frequency ultrasound over 150 MHz can focus its acoustic energy within very confined area less than 10 μm. Here, we introduce a technique to deliver macromolecules into cells using high frequency ultrasound by disrupting cell lipid bilayer without contrast agent such as microbubble. The main contribution of this technique, acoustic-transfection, is that no microbubble is used for the intracellular delivery, which provides much simpler protocol, direct readout from input parameters (Figure 1A), and safe intracellular delivery.