cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling concurrency of personalized Semantic search over Large RDF data

Recent keyword search techniques on Semantic Web are moving away from shallow, information retrieval-style approaches that merely find “keyword matches” towards more interpretive approaches that attempt to induce structure from keyword queries. The process of query interpretation is usually guided by structures in data, and schema and is often supported by a graph exploration procedure. However, graph exploration-based interpretive techniques are impractical for multi-tenant scenarios for large databases because separate expensive graph exploration states need to be maintained for different user queries. This leads to significant memory overhead in situations of large numbers of concurrent requests. This limitation could negatively impact the possibility of achieving the ultimate goal of personalizing search. In this paper, we propose a lightweight interpretation approach that employs indexing to improve throughput and concurrency with much less memory overhead. It is also more amenable to distributed or partitioned execution. The approach is implemented in a system called “SKI” and an experimental evaluation of SKI's performance on the DBPedia and Billion Triple Challenge datasets shows orders-of-magnitude performance improvement over existing techniques.
Therapeutic applications of carbon monoxide in lung disease

Carbon monoxide (CO) offers potential therapeutic avenues in the treatment of lung disorders. CO arises endogenously from heme degradation, catalyzed by the heme oxygenase enzymes. In cell culture, CO exerts potent anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects by modulating intracellular signaling pathways. In vivo, CO confers tissue protection in animal models of lung disease, including those with oxidative and inflammatory lung injury and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, low-dose CO ameliorates vascular injury and reduces the rejection rate of lung and vascular grafts. Recent advances include the observation that CO protects the lung in models of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and ventilator-induced lung injury. Despite the success of CO therapy in animal models, the utility of CO as therapy in humans remains uncertain.
Differential subcellular distribution and colocalization of the microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolases in cultured neonatal rat brain cortical astrocytes

The microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzymes exist in a variety of cells and tissues, including liver, kidney, and testis. However, very little is known about brain epoxide hydrolases. Here we report the expression, localization, and subcellular distribution of mEH and sEH in cultured neonatal rat cortical astrocytes by immunocytochemistry, subcellular fractionation, Western blotting, and radiometric enzyme assays. Our results showed a diffuse immunofluorescence pattern for mEH, which colocalized with the astroglial cytoskeletal marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The GFAP-positive cells also expressed sEH, which was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, especially in and around the nucleus. Western blot analyses revealed a distinct protein band with a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa, the signal intensity of which increased about 1.5-fold in the microsomal fraction over the whole-cell lysate and other subcellular fractions. The polyclonal anti-human sEH rabbit serum recognized a protein band with a molecular mass similar to that of the affinity-purified sEH protein (approximately 62 kDa), the signal intensity of which increased over 1.7-fold in the 105,000g supernatant fraction over the cell lysate. Furthermore, the corresponding enzyme activities measured by using mEH- and sEH-selective substrates generally corroborated the immunocytochemical and Western blotting data. These results suggest that rat brain cortical astrocytes differentially coexpress mEH and sEH enzymes. The differential subcellular localization of mEH and sEH may play a role in the cerebrovascular functions that are known to be affected by brain-derived vasoactive epoxides.
Characterization of a novel synapse-specific protein. II. cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of the F1-20 protein.

The F1–20 protein is a novel neuronal-specific, synapse-associated protein that is expressed nonuniformly in mouse brain. Expression of the F1–20 protein is developmentally regulated in a pattern coincident with active synaptogenesis and synaptic maturation. Here we report the cloning of the cDNA sequence for the F1–20 protein. We found two distinct isoforms of F1–20 cDNA that differed by the presence of 15 additional nucleotides, which does not interrupt the open reading frame. RNase protection analysis and PCR amplification of mouse brain RNA revealed that both isoforms are present in cellular RNA. It is likely that the two F1–20 mRNA isoforms are derived from RNA splicing events utilizing alternative 3′ acceptor sites. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence for the complete open reading frame revealed that the predominant F1–20 mRNA encodes an 896 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular weight of 91,319 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence does not contain a signal sequence, or any extensive hydrophobic regions. The deduced amino acid sequence does contain a number of consensus sequences for protein kinases. Searches of the protein and nucleic acid sequence data bases revealed that the F1–20 protein has not been previously characterized at the primary structure level, although a weak similarity was found between rabbit calpastatin and the C-terminal portion of the F1–20 protein. We then determined biochemically that the F1–20 protein is a substrate for Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis, which is specifically inhibited by calpain inhibitors in vitro. This indicates that the F1–20 protein is a substrate for neuronal calpain. We observed that treatment of a synaptosomal lysate with alkaline phosphatase led to an increase in the electrophoretic mobility of the F1–20 protein, as well as to an increase in the sharpness of the electrophoretic band. This indicates that the F1–20 protein is phosphorylated in vivo.
Spatially adaptive IIR analysis-synthesis filter banks for image coding

Infinite-impulse-response (IIR) time-varying filter banks and their application to finite-support signals are analysed. The filter bank is based on computationally efficient recursive polyphase sections that dynamically change in response to the input signal. In the absence of quantization, reconstruction can be made exact. By proper choice of an adaptation scheme, it is shown that time varying filter banks can yield improvement over conventional ones. >
Theoretical study of H - stripping with a wiggler magnet

A speculative technique is proposed in which the beam divergence growth and resulting emittance growth are reduced by stripping the H/sup -/ in a wiggler magnet whose transverse field alternates in direction as a function of position along the beam axis. The wiggler field configuration is adjusted so that the angular beam spread introduced during passage through one unidirectional-field increment of path is relatively small and so that 99.99% of the beam is stripped after passing through the whole magnet. With careful field design, the net added angular beam spread is reduced because the incremental angular spreads are painted back and forth over the same small range. In a hypothetical case described, the calculated emittance growth and beam loss increase are significantly smaller than those calculated for a conventional stripper magnet. >
A central axis algorithm for 3D bronchial tree structures

Accurate measurements of the physiological parameters like branching angles, branch lengths and diameters of bronchial tree structures help in addressing the diagnostic questions related to obstructive lung disease. To facilitate these measurements, 3D bronchial trees are reduced to a straight line central axis tree. We designed a two pass algorithm to compute the central axis tree of bronchial tree structures. In the first pass, the topological branching tree structure T is obtained by using a top-down region growing algorithm on the tree volume. In the second pass, T is used to region grow bottom-up from the leaves, in order to obtain accurate centroid points that lie along the axes of the branches. Using these centroid points at each bifurcation, the branch point and the three direction vectors along the branches are computed, by solving a non-linear optimization problem. By connecting the computed branch points at each bifurcation with straight lines, we obtain the central axis tree on which we make the measurements. We also ran our algorithm on 3D tree model (cylindrical branches) that simulate bronchial trees and the computed central axis compared favorably with the ground truth central axis in terms of the measured physiological parameters.
Gay and bisexual men who disclose their sexual orientations in the workplace have higher workday levels of salivary cortisol and negative affect.

Background: Previous research has shown that gay and bisexual men who conceal their sexual orientation suffer more adverse physical health problems relative to men who are more “out.” However, little is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying this association.Purpose: This study examined whether concealing sexual orientation in the workplace was associated with increased workday levels of salivary cortisol.Methods: Seventy-three gay and bisexual men responded to questionnaires assessing the extent to which they are open about their sexual orientations at work and other aspects of their work environment. Men then provided saliva samples and reports of negative affect throughout 2 consecutive days-1 at home and 1 at work.Results: Contrary to expectations, being more out at work was associated with higher workday levels of salivary cortisol (B = 0.21, SE B = 0.09, p < .05) and higher workday reports of negative affect (B = 0.14, SE B = 0.07, p < .05), controlling for home day values.Conclusions: These findings suggest that it is disclosure rather than nondisclosure of sexual orientation by gay men in the workplace that is associated with emotional and physiological activation; a pattern that may have implications for their long-term adaptation.
Development of a Fatal Noncompressible Truncal Hemorrhage Model with Combined Hepatic and Portal Venous Injury in Normothermic Normovolemic Swine

Noncompressible truncal hemorrhage and brain injury currently account for most early mortality of warfighters on the battlefield. There is no effective treatment for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage, other than rapid evacuation to a surgical facility. The availability of an effective field treatment for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage could increase the number of warfighters salvaged from this frequently-lethal scenario. Our intent was to develop a porcine model of noncompressible truncal hemorrhage with a ∼ 50% one-hour mortality so that we could develop new treatments for this difficult problem. Normovolemic normothermic domestic swine (barrows, 3 months old, 34-36 kg) underwent one of three injury types through a midline incision: 1) central stellate injury (N = 6); 2) excision of a portal vein branch distal to the main PV trunk (N = 6); or 3) hemi-transection of the left lateral lobe of the liver at its base (N = 10). The one-hour mortality of these injuries was 0, 82, and 40%, respectively; the final mean arterial pressure was 65, 24, and 30 mm Hg, respectively; and the final hemoglobin was 8.3, 2.3, and 3.6 g/dL, respectively. Hemi-transection of the left lateral lobe of the liver appeared to target our desired mortality rate better than the other injury mechanisms.
Mobility Models for Delay-Tolerant Mobile Networks

In this paper, we investigate sophisticated mobility models thatcan be useful for researches in Delay-Tolerant Mobile Networks. Our research is based on the observation of existing movementtraces with several simplifications for network tractability. First, we present a continuous Markovian mobility model, wheremobile nodes stay at one location or move from locations tolocations according to exponential time distributions. Thisassumption has been widely adopted in many analyses andsimulations. Then we discuss a discrete Markovian mobility model,where a node makes movement decisions according to givenprobabilities. We prove the discrete model is equivalent to itscontinuous counterpart. They both have high complexity due to thepotentially large number of states. To reduce the complexity, wepresent a Community-based mobility model, where each node has itsown home location and moves in or out that location according togiven probabilities. The Community-based model is a special caseof the discrete Markovian model with a much smaller set of statesand matches well with the real user traces. Based on Markov-chaintheory, we can extract the stationary state probabilities fromthese models, which are useful for many analytical and simulationstudies. Extensive simulations have been carried out to validateour discussions.
Novel inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

Metastatic melanoma continues to be a difficult disease to treat. Recent efforts have focused on developing novel, target-directed therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the RAS–RAF–MAP kinase and the RAS–PI3K–AKT pathway in detail, as up to 80% of cutaneous melanomas exhibit a BRAF mutation. The preclinical and clinical data regarding BRAF inhibition is reviewed. Other potential targets in these pathways are also discussed. Preclinical data have recently emerged, suggesting that the following subsets of patients have a lower frequency of BRAF mutations: acral, mucosal and cutaneous melanomas with chronic sun-induced damage. These lesions have a higher frequency of KIT mutations. However, cutaneous melanomas without chronic sun damage have a higher frequency of BRAF mutations and are not noted to have KIT mutations. It is possible that the appropriate subset of patients may respond differently to available targeted therapies and clinical trials are in development to assess the utility of KIT inhib...
Quantitative Prediction of Fluorescence Quantum Yields for Tryptophan in Proteins

Variation of intrinsic tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence intensity and lifetime in proteins is widely exploited to follow changes in protein structure such as folding/unfolding, substrate or ligand binding, and protein−protein interactions. Although a credible candidate for the source of weak Trp fluorescence in some proteins has long been believed to be electron transfer from excited Trp to an amide carbonyl group, recognition of when such a process should be exceptionally efficient has not been possible. Here we propose a reasonable basis for the 30-fold variation by the use of quantum mechanics−molecular mechanics simulations in which the energy of the lowest Trp ring-to-amide backbone charge transfer (CT) state is monitored during dynamics trajectories for 24 Trps in 17 proteins. The energy, fluctuations, and relaxation of high lying CT states are extremely sensitive to protein environment (local electric field direction and strength). Application of basic electron transfer theory with a single empirical ...
Vietnamese military men’s perceptions of the long-term psychological effects of reeducation camps.

This study explored the long-term psychological effects of reeducation camps among 14 Vietnamese ex-military men currently living in the United States. Using Consensual Qualitative Research Methodology (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997), we investigated perceptions of masculinity, adjustment, posttraumatic stress, forgiveness, and posttraumatic growth. Qualitative results show that for these men, (a) their sense of masculinity did not diminish while in camp; (b) there were no changes in family dynamics after returning from camp; (c) they were still experiencing nightmares of their experiences during war and imprisonment in camps; (d) they experienced mixed emotions about forgiveness; and (e) for them, enduring the camps strengthened their character and built a lasting appreciation for life. Implications for counseling and research are discussed.
Asymptotically optimal waterfilling in multiple antenna multiple access channels

This paper considers "vector multiple access channels" (VMAC) where each user has multiple "degrees of freedom" and studies the effect of power allocation as a function of the channel state on the "sum capacity" defined as the maximum sum of rates of users per unit degree of freedom at which the users can jointly reliably transmit, in an information theoretic sense. A concrete example of a VMAC is a MAC with multiple antennas at the receiver where the antennas provide spatial degrees of freedom. Our main result is the identification of a simple dynamic power allocation scheme that is optimal in a large system, i.e., in the regime of a large number of users and a correspondingly large number of antennas. A key feature of this policy is that, for any user, it depends only on the instantaneous amplitude of the slow fading component of the vector channel of that user alone and the structure of the policy is "waterfilling".
The ability to remain abstinent upon leaving methadone maintenance: a prospective study.

Methadone maintenance is now an established modality in the management of heroin dependency. The ability of persons detoxified from methadone to remain opiate free has not been clearly defined. Of 490 consecutive admissions to a methadone maintenance program, 198 were subsequently detoxified. Follow-up on 168 persons (85%) was obtained for periods of up to 47 months. At the conclusion of the study, only 34 (17%) of those detoxified who were located were drug free. This represents 7% of the entire group of 490 persons admitted to the program. When ability to remain abstinent was correlated with reason for detoxification, 61% of those persons who the staff felt had received the maximum benefits of methadone maintenance were able to remain abstinent (p < 0.005). These findings suggest that although it is possible to progress from methadone maintenance to abstinence, many persons will be unable to maintain
A two‐dimensional position‐sensitive detector for small‐angle light scattering

A device has been developed for the rapid detection of intensity in two-dimensional small-angle light-scattering patterns. The device utilizes a vidicon detector and a microprocessor. Examples of applications of the device for small-angle light scattering from thin polymer films are presented.
The Effects of the Healthy Families America Home Visitation Program on Parenting Attitudes and Practices and Child Social and Emotional Competence

This study examined the effects of a Healthy Families America (HFA) credentialed home visitation program on the parenting attitudes and practices of a sample of at-risk parents. It also examined the social and emotional competence of children whose parents successfully completed the program. The HFA model is an intensive early intervention program that targets at-risk families through home visitation services. Successful completion of the program is a process that takes between 3 and 5 years. Results indicate that, relative to the baseline, parents who completed the program showed significant positive change in parenting attitudes and practices. In addition, relative to other children their age, the children of families who successfully completed the program exhibited significantly higher levels of performance on measures of social and emotional competence.
Warm, not super-hot, temperatures in the early Eocene subtropics

The early Eocene (ca. 55–48 Ma) encompasses one of the warmest intervals of the past 65 m.y. and is characterized by an unusually low equator-to-pole thermal gradient. Recent proxy studies suggest temperatures well in excess of 30 °C even at high latitudes, but confl icting interpretations derived from different types of data leave considerable uncertainty about actual early Eocene temperatures. A robust comparison among new paleotemperature proxies may provide insight into possible biases in their temperature estimates, and additional detail on the spatial distribution of temperatures will further resolve the early Eocene meridional temperature gradient. We use a suite of paleotemperature proxies based on the chemistry of bivalve shell carbonate and associated sedimentary organic matter from the United States Gulf Coastal Plain to constrain climate at a subtropical site during this key interval of Earth history. Oxygen isotope and clumped isotope analyses of shell carbonate and two tetraether lipid analyses of sedimentary organic carbon all yield temperatures of ~27 °C. High-resolution, intraannual oxygen isotope data reveal a consistent, large range of seasonal variation, but clumped isotope data suggest that seasonality is due primarily to precipitation, not to temperature. These paleotemperature estimates are 2–3 °C warmer than the northern Gulf of Mexico today, and generally consistent with early Eocene temperature estimates from other low and mid-latitude locations, but are signifi cantly cooler than contemporaneous estimates from high southern latitudes.
Beta decay of neutron-rich transuranic nuclei

The intense neutron flux generated in a thermonuclear explosion is of interest to nuclear physicists because, among other reasons, the atoms exposed to this flux will undergo many successive capture reactions during the brief period the flux exists. If 238U target atoms are given such exposure, the phenomenon becomes a way to probe the nuclear properties of very neutron-rich uranium nuclei and to produce heavy isotopes of the transuranium elements that survive the chains of beta decay following the initial phase of the reaction. This unique method of transuranium element production was investigated by U.S. scientists in a series of thermonuclear explosions during the period 1952–1969, first as an unexpected result of the Mike explosion [1] that occurred in November 1952 and later in a series of underground explosions where the explosive devices were designed specifically for this purpose [2,3]. The heaviest species identified in this work was 257Fm, which implies the production of 257U during the capture phase. While nuclei this neutron-rich cannot be produced by any other man-made technique, it is known, of course, that such nuclei are generated by the astrophysical r process. The neutron-capture path for this process is thought to pass through a region around 262U[4]. Given the clear relationship between these processes, it is the purpose of this paper to see what insights into recent r-process calculations can be gained from a consideration of the experimental data for heavy element production in thermonuclear explosions.
CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT IN POLYPHENIC TADPOLES

Biologists have long known that closely related species are often phenotypically different where they occur together, but are indistinguishable where they occur alone. The causes of such character displacement are controversial, however. We used polyphenic spadefoot toad tadpoles (Spea bombifrons and S. multiplicata) to test the hypothesis that character displacement evolves to minimize competition for food. We also sought to evaluate the role of phenotypic plasticity in the mediation of competitive interactions between these species. Depending on their diet, individuals of both species develop into either a small-headed omnivore morph, which feeds mostly on detritus, or a large-headed carnivore morph, which specializes on shrimp. Laboratory experiments and surveys of natural ponds revealed that the two species were more dissimilar in their tendency to produce carnivores when they occurred together than when they occurred alone. This divergence in carnivore production was expressed as both character displacement (where S. multiplicata's propensity to produce carnivores was lower in sympatry than in allopatry) and as phenotypic plasticity (where S. multiplicata facultatively enhanced carnivore production in S. bombifrons, and S. bombifrons facultatively suppressed carnivore production in S. multiplicata). In separate experiments, we established that S. bombifrons (the species for which carnivore production was enhanced) was the superior competitor for shrimp. Conversely, S. multiplicata (the species for which carnivore production was suppressed and omnivore production enhanced) was the superior competitor for detritus. These results therefore demonstrate that selection to minimize competition for food can cause character displacement. They also suggest that both character displacement and phenotypic plasticity may mediate competitive interactions between species.
The Provisions Relating to Trial Practice in the New Illinois Civil Practice Act

The amalgamation of the rules for legal and equitable proceedings may be designated as the first of these. Inasmuch, however, as this is a subject which affects pleading more profoundly than trial practice, it can be more appropriately dealt with in the division relating to pleading, and is therefore omitted here. The remaining subjects will be taken up as follows: (i) The Rule-Making Power, (2) Venue and Service of Process, (3) Summary Judgments, (4) Discovery before Trial, and (5) The Use of Juries.
Informed Consent and Anonymous Tissue Samples: The Case of HIV Seroprevalence Studies

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seroprevalence studies use anonymous tissue samples obtained in hospitals and clinics without donor consent. This can be justified as a response to a public health emergency, but should not be seen as setting a precedent for waiving consent whenever samples are anonymous. The following recommendations grow out of this discussion: (1) Studies using anonymous tissue samples should not be automatically exempt from consent requirements, and consent should not be waived simply to avoid anticipated refusals, low participation rates or self selection bias. (2) The consensus on informed consent favors fulfilling as many of the elements of informed consent as reasonably possible, so studies should be assessed individually to determine if any or all elements of informed consent should be modified or omitted. (3) There is a need for greater regulation of the research use of tissue samples. (4) Investigators seeking approval to waive consent or modify elements of informed consent should document the sort of new findings that they believe would effect their calculations about the benefits and burdens to subjects who are enrolled in the study, and institutional review boards should indicate whether they agree with the investigators' analysis.
Transmission of La France isometric virus during basidiosporogenesis in Agaricus bisporus

La France disease is a major limiting factor in the production of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. A viral etiology for this disease was first proposed in 1962, following the discovery of several types of viruslike particles (VLPs) in affected basidiocarps (11). Shortly thereafter, it was demonstrated that the causal agent could be transmitted to healthy mushroom crops via diseased mycelium (8, 20) and basidiospores (18, 20). Basidiospores are now considered the primary source of infection in the epidemiology of the disease, because of their typically high concentrations encountered at commercial mushroom farms. Levels of basidio-
The Bible, Religion, and Film in the Twenty-first Century

This article examines developments in the academic study of the relationship between the Bible, religion, and film since 2000. The author reflects upon the status of the ‘discipline’ of ‘religion and film’, asking whether or not this area of study has evolved into a full-fledged addition to the religious studies curriculum. In addition, the article offers a brief examination of some representative films that intersect with religion and the Bible, and reviews some of the representative scholarship in the field. The conclusion of the article is that interest in religion and film is strong, and that scholarship is ongoing and productive.
Precipitation Measurement and Hydrology: Panel Report

Measurement of precipitation by radar has been a subject of interest since the earliest days of radar meteorology (e. g., Marshall et al., 1947). The literature on this topic is extensive, and reviews have appeared from time to time (e. g., Wilk and Kessler, 1970; Wilson and Brandes, 1979). The review by Joss and Waldvogel (Chapter 29a; hereafter referred to as JW) updates the earlier surveys in important respects, and introduces some further ideas that have evolved from the growing experience with radar rainfall measurements in operational environments.
Metaphors We May Not Live By

Metaphors We Live By created an immediate stir in 1980, and it continues to spur interest in cognitive linguistics, cognitive stylistics, and metaphor theory. This article uses both collocations and random samples of words used in conceptual metaphors to search for corpus evidence of the pervasiveness of conceptual metaphor that was unavailable to Lakoff and Johnson. Some metaphors, such as TIME IS MONEY, are pervasive in giant natural language corpora. Others, such as MORE IS UP, are frequent in clearly and consciously metaphorical forms, but relatively rare in the basic forms that would clearly show that we use metaphor to understand more abstract concepts in terms of concrete ones. Some, including ARGUMENT IS WAR, that Lakoff and Johnson discuss throughout their book, are poorly represented. Some gaps in evidence probably result from multiple ways of expressing a complex conceptual metaphors, but others suggest that intuitive plausibility is an insecure basis for argument.
Paragangliomas of the head and neck: imaging assessment.

Paragangliomas are uncommon tumors that arise from the parasympathetic neuroectodermal ganglionic cells and have been described in numerous anatomic locations, most commonly in the abdomen. Head an...
[Study on the mortality and risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region].

Objective To analyze the mortality and risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). Methods The objects of study were all HIV/AIDS adult patients who had received HAART in XUAR. The proceeding information was uploaded to the national ART reporting system which was a branch of the national HIV/AIDS reporting system. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among these patients who were treated during July 2004 to June 2013 in XUAR. Mortality rates and cumulative survival rates were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to examine the risk factors for deaths. Results The proportion for death, lost, referral and withdrawal were 8.5% (1 200/14 062), 2.5% (351/14 062), 0.9% (121/14 062) and 15.4% (2 162/14 062) respectively. The P25, P50 and P75 of baseline CD4+T lymphocyte was 144.00, 244.50 and 331.00/μl, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 4.98/100 person-years. The cumulative survival rate of ART treatment after 1-5 years were 0.94, 0.91, 0.88, 0.84 and 0.81. The mortality rate had a significant difference among different population. The male (6.58/100 person-years) was higher than the female (2.87/100 person-years), the people who infected tuberculosis (TB) (9.79/100 person-years) was higher than those non TB (4.12/100 person-years), the people whose CD4+T lymphocyte count less than 200/μl (7.67/100 person-years) was higher than other groups, the people who were transmitted through injection (7.61/100 person-years) was higher than those sexual transmission (3.10/100 person-years), the people whose HB less than 80 g/L (13.84/100 person-years) was higher than those more than 80 g/L (4.74/100 person-years) (χ2 values were 154.62, 177.47, 309.73, 228.99 and 84.27.P 350/μl. The risk of death of the one having more than 4 baseline symptom categories was 3.62 (2.42-5.42) times of the one having less than 3 baseline symptom categories. The risk of death of the one with baseline HB ≥80 g/L was 2.84 (2.21-3.64) times of the one with the baseline HB <80 g/L. The risk of death of the male was 1.48 (1.25-1.75) times of the female. The risk of death of the one infected TB was 1.39 (1.18-1.64) times of the one not infected TB. The risk of death of the one injecting drugs was 1.84 (1.56-2.17) times of the one not injecting drugs. Conclusion From 2004 to 2013, the mortality rate was low among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in XUAR. The mortality risk factors were low CD4 T cell count, having more baseline symptom categories, low HB level, injection drug transmission, male and TB infection, all these factors had positive correlation with death. Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Mortality; Antiretroviral therapy,high active; Survival analysis
West Nile virus: recent experience with the model virus approach.

During recent West Nile Virus (WNV) epidemics in the U.S.A., virus transmissions through transfusion of blood components have been observed, also raising concerns about the safety of plasma derivatives. To verify the safety margins of these products, as initially shown using model viruses very similar to WNV, virus inactivation procedures incorporated into their manufacturing processes were re-investigated using WNV directly. The results show that WNV behaves exactly as had been predicted based on available data for similar (model) viruses, i.e. it is readily inactivated by e.g. pasteurisation of human albumin, solvent-detergent treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin and factor VIII, vapour heating of factor VIII inhibitor by-passing activity, and incubation of intravenous immunoglobulin at low pH. Our investigation thus verifies the safety margins of plasma derivatives against Flaviviruses in general, and now WNV in particular. Also, use of the model virus concept was confirmed to be well capable of predicting the behaviour of a certain virus based on available data for closely related viruses.
Bile acid metabolism and fat absorption in newborn infants.

Fat absorption is considerably inefficient in the neonatal period, and the mechanisms which permit mature bile salt metabolism are incomplete in the fetus and newborn infant, Recent information about the developmental aspects of bile acid metabolism is presented, the physiochemical basis of lipid absorption is reviewed, and some of the pathophysiologic processes encountered with abnormalities in bile acid metabolism are highlighted.
Confinement of Volatilized Ruthenium Oxides

Fission product ruthenium poses unique problems in nuclear fuels reprocessing due to the volatility of RuO4. Results are presented from studies that demonstrate the ability of alkaline earth metal carbonates and calcium oxide to form thermodynamically stable ruthenium compounds and thus fix the volatile ruthenium oxides.
Maintenance of opsin density in photoreceptor outer segments of retinoid-deprived rats.

Dietary deficiency in the retinoid precursors of the visual pigment chromophore 11-c/s-retinal eventually results in selective degeneration of the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina. Early effects of retinoid deficiency are depletion of rhodopsin from the retina and vesiculation of the photoreceptor outer segment disc membranes. Experiments were conducted to determine whether these early changes were accompanied by an alteration of the opsin content of the disc membranes. After being fed a retinoid-deficient diet containing retinoic acid for 26 weeks, the rhodopsin content of rat retinas was reduced by over 85%. Both the diameters and the lengths of the outer segments decreased significantly. However, immunocytochemical and freeze-fracture analyses indicated that retinoid deficiency did not lower opsin density in the outer-segment disc membranes. These findings indicate that in the rat, opsin synthesis and disc assembly are coordinated processes that remain coupled despite reduced availability of the vitamin A chromophore. The fact that disc size decreases and disc synthesis eventually ceases in retinoid-deprived rats indicates that specific retinoids are essential for disc morphogenesis. The mechanism by which these retinoids regulate disc assembly remains to be determined. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:1968-1980,1991 Aldehyde forms of retinoids act as chromophores for the visual pigment proteins in the photoreceptor cells of all vertebrates and invertebrates studied. 1 " 5 Dietary deficiencies in the retinoid precursors for vitamin A aldehydes lead to substantial reductions in the visual pigment content of the vertebrate retina. 6 ' 7 In several insect species, chromophore deficiency results in specific reductions in visual pigment protein synthesis. 7 "" Production of the membranes in which this protein is normally embedded continues in the photoreceptor cells of retinoid-deprived insects, but the opsin content of these membranes is drastically reduced. 91213 Thus, photoreceptor membrane morphogenesis and visual pigment protein synthesis do not appear to be tightly coupled in insects.
Chapter Six - Small-Molecule Modulators of GPR40 (FFA1)

Abstract GPR40 (also known as FFA1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in pancreatic islets and enteroendocrine cells, and activation of GPR40 has been shown to stimulate insulin secretion through a glucose-dependent mechanism. For this reason, the pharmaceutical industry has focused considerable resources on small-molecule GPR40 activators as a potential treatment for type II diabetes. This chapter details the important GPR40 activators disclosed to date, particularly focusing on clinical candidates. Additionally, two distinct classes of GPR40 activators have been discovered that bind in discreet allosteric binding pockets: partial agonists and full agonists. The differences in both chemical structure and biological efficacy between these two classes of GPR40 ligands are discussed in detail.
Genomic Profiling of Follicular Lymphoma Identifies Novel High-Frequency Copy-Neutral Loss of Heterozygosity on Chromosomes 1p and 6p and Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in FL Biology.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) constitutes the second most common non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the Western world. The clinical course is variable and only in part explained by known tumor-intrinsic (genetic) or -extrinsic (infiltrating immune cells, infiltrating macrophage content) factors. FL carries the hallmark chromosomal translocation t(14;18), deregulating expression of Bcl-2 , but this is not sufficient to explain either FL biology or clinical behavior. We have employed genomic profiling technology using the Affymetrix 50K-Xba1 oligonucleotide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip platform to interrogate the genomes of 58 FL specimens for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and chromosomal copy number changes. Where available, these high-density genomic data were correlated with published FL gene expression data. Using this integrated approach, we provide data that suggest that i) Bcl11A is a likely target gene for the amplification on chromosome 2p15–16 in FL, ii) that the amplification of der(18)t(14;18) does not include Bcl-2 , iii) high-frequency copy-neutral LOH exists at 1p36 (50%) and 6p (33%), and that 6p LOH possibly deregulates IRF4 and, iv) deletion 6q is non-overlapping, complex and possibly involves four or more gene loci of importance. In addition, high-frequency LOH (with and without chromosomal copy loss) exists on chromosomes 9p, 10q and 16p. These data should facilitate analysis of specific genes in FL and should allow for development of a SNP -and genomics-based assay for FL risk stratification and outcome prognostication.
Faculty Development on Clinical Teaching Skills: An Effective Model for the Busy Clinician:

Introduction: The authors developed and evaluated a faculty development program on clinical teaching skills to address barriers to participation and to impact teaching behaviors. Methods: Four one-hour workshops were implemented over five months. Evaluation included participant satisfaction and pre/post self-assessment. Pre/post faculty teaching ratings by trainees were compared. Results: A total of 82% of faculty (N = 41) attended. Participants rated workshops highly (mean, 4.43/5.00). Self-assessment of skills and comfort with teaching activities improved. A total of 59% of residents and 40% of fellows felt that teaching received from participating faculty was highly effective. The majority observed targeted teaching behaviors by the faculty. Teaching ratings improved after the workshops (P = 0.042). Conclusion: Our series of short workshops during a standing conference time was associated with increased self-assessed skill and comfort and an increase in faculty ratings on teaching evaluations. Effective faculty development programs can be implemented in flexible formats and overcome common barriers to participation.
Incidence of brain metastases and overall survival in patients with primary cardiac sarcoma: A retrospective case series.

10584 Background: Primary cardiac sarcoma (PCS) is the most common primary cardiac malignancy, but is a rare primary site of sarcoma. We present 21 cases from a tertiary care center to better under...
Semantic Problems in Autistic Children

Language appears to be represented in the “adult” mind in multiple ways. Semantic storage is in terms of sensory, functional, hierarchical, and associational parameters. Thus, the word cat evokes visual, tactile, and other sensory images, the superordinate category animal, and objects, actions, and events (such as jump or chase a mouse) that are related to the basic category word. When the word cat appears in a sentence, there are additional features associated with its meaning. It may either be a subject or an object in a sentence, and more rarely, a verb or adjective. The sentence context may further define the meaning of a particular cat. For example, “the big black cat bounded into the dark alley” is a very different representation than “the white fluffy cat snuggled into her lap.” When the word cat appears in a story, it can be further defined by new events and relations that are described in the story. In this way, knowledge of what cats are and what they do grows. As these multiple representations are achieved, on-line processing of language can take place with increasing rapidity and accuracy until some asymptote is achieved.
"LET'S CLEAN UP" a Game for Childrens Hygiene Learning

Health is an absolute need for all human beings. When healthy, the human body can perform all activities smoothly. So we should always keep good hygiene themselves and the environment in which we live. Education about hygiene should be taught from an early age. So that children can understand the importance of maintaining hygiene for health. In addition to media learning through formal education, alternative media can be used as a medium of learning for children. Then designed game "Let's Clean Up" the theme of hygiene to children by using the application Construct 2. The objective of this study was to design a medium of learning about hygiene through games
Single Aperture Spectral+ToF Compressive Camera: Toward Hyperspectral+Depth Imagery

Spectral imaging involves the sensing of a large amount of spatial information across a multitude of wavelengths. Conventional approaches rely on scanning techniques to construct a spectral data cube. Recently, compressive spectral imaging (CSI) has allowed to estimate spectral images with as few as a single coded snapshot. On a different front, 3-D ranging imaging often involves scanning along one of the spatial dimensions to estimate the depth of an scene using structured light, or the use of two cameras as required by stereo-imaging techniques. Recently, Time-of-Flight (ToF) snapshot imaging has gained considerable attention, due to its accuracy and speed. To date, however, these imaging modalities (CSI and ToF) have been realized and implemented by separate independent imaging sensors. This paper presents the development of a single aperture compressive spectral + depth imaging camera that employs a commodity 3-D range ToF sensor as the sensing device of a coded-aperture-based compressive spectral imager. The proposed system uses a single aperture/single sensor; thus, representing a significant improvement over existing RGB+D cameras that integrate two separate image sensors, one for RGB and another for depth. In addition, the observable wavelength range of the CSI device is expanded from the visible to the near-infrared, resolving up to as many as 16 independent channels. The proposed system allows the addition of side-information by placing a grayscale or RGB camera in the same path of the single-aperture system, such that the quality of the spectral estimation is improved, while maintaining high-frame rates. We demonstrate the proposed ideas through real experimentation conducted on an assembled CSI+ToF testbed camera system.
Employing Graph Databases as a Standardization Model for Addressing Heterogeneity and Integration

The advent of big data and NoSQL data stores has led to the proliferation of data models exacerbating the challenges of information integration and exchange. It would be useful to have an approach that allows leveraging both schema-based and schema-less data stores. We present a graph-based solution that attempts to bridge the gap between different data stores using a homogeneous representation. As the first contribution, we present and demonstrate a mapping approach to transform schemas into a homogeneous graph representation. We demonstrate our approach over relational and RDF schemas but the framework is extensible to allow further integration of additional data stores. The second contribution is a schema merging algorithm over property graphs. We focus on providing a modular framework that can be extended and optimized using different schema matching and merging algorithms.
Propagation measurements and modeling techniques for 3.5 GHz radar-LTE spectrum sharing

In the United States, government and commercial entities have begun sharing the 3550–3650 MHz military Radar band. The key to ensuring successful sharing is robust interference prediction based on accurate and reliable propagation models. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive propagation measurement and modeling campaign for the 3.5 GHz band. Although existing propagation models are broadly applicable, each one falls short in characterizing the measured propagation in this band. Using simple, openly available geographic information systems data, we have developed a modeling framework that can significantly reduce the measurement-to-model median and Root Mean Square errors.
Perchlorate-Coupled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Oxidation: Evidence for a Plausible Microbe-Mediated Reaction in Martian Brines.

The presence of hydrated salts on Mars indicates that some regions of its surface might be habitable if suitable metabolizable substrates are available. However, several lines of evidence have shown that Mars’ regolith contains only trace levels of the organic matter needed to support heterotrophic microbes. Due to the scarcity of organic carbon, carbon monoxide (CO) at a concentration of about 700 ppm (about 0.4 Pa) might be the single most abundant readily available substrate that could support near-surface bacterial activity. Although a variety of electron acceptors can be coupled to CO oxidation, perchlorate is likely the most abundant potential oxidant in Mars’ brines. Whether perchlorate, a potent chaotrope, can support microbial CO oxidation has not been previously documented. We report here the first evidence for perchlorate-coupled CO oxidation based on assays with two distinct euryarchaeal extreme halophiles. CO oxidation occurred readily in 3.8 M NaCl brines with perchlorate concentrations from 0.01 M - 1 M. Both isolates were able to couple CO with perchlorate or chlorate under anaerobic conditions with or without nitrate as an inducer for nitrate reductase, which serves as a perchlorate reductase in extreme halophiles. In the presence of perchlorate, CO concentrations were reduced to levels well below those found in Mars’ atmosphere. This indicates that CO could contribute to the survival of microbial populations in hydrated salt formations or brines if water activities are suitably permissive.