cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ADHD, Creativity, and Methylphenidate

Creativity, measured by the Torrance nonverbal thinking test, was compared in 19 boys with ADHD and 21 control subjects.
Gold nanoparticles for noninvasive radiofrequency cancer hyperthermia

Abstract The use of gold nanoparticles as targeted, heating agents is currently being explored in the field of noninvasive radiofrequency cancer hyperthermia. This chapter gives an overview of the recent and current progress in this field, with a particular emphasis placed on gold nanoparticle heating mechanisms and their applications in in vitro and in vivo experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Attaching meaning to the number words: contributions of the object tracking and approximate number systems

Children's understanding of the quantities represented by number words (i.e., cardinality) is a surprisingly protracted but foundational step in their learning of formal mathematics. The development of cardinal knowledge is related to one or two core, inherent systems - the approximate number system (ANS) and the object tracking system (OTS) - but whether these systems act alone, in concert, or antagonistically is debated. Longitudinal assessments of 198 preschool children on OTS, ANS, and cardinality tasks enabled testing of two single-mechanism (ANS-only and OTS-only) and two dual-mechanism models, controlling for intelligence, executive functions, preliteracy skills, and demographic factors. Measures of both OTS and ANS predicted cardinal knowledge in concert early in the school year, inconsistent with single-mechanism models. The ANS but not the OTS predicted cardinal knowledge later in the school year as well the acquisition of the cardinal principle, a critical shift in cardinal understanding. The results support a Merge model, whereby both systems initially contribute to children's early mapping of number words to cardinal value, but the role of the OTS diminishes over time while that of the ANS continues to support cardinal knowledge as children come to understand the counting principles.
Aging of the Immune System. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Beginning with the sixth decade of life, the human immune system undergoes dramatic aging-related changes, which continuously progress to a state of immunosenescence. The aging immune system loses the ability to protect against infections and cancer and fails to support appropriate wound healing. Vaccine responses are typically impaired in older individuals. Conversely, inflammatory responses mediated by the innate immune system gain in intensity and duration, rendering older individuals susceptible to tissue-damaging immunity and inflammatory disease. Immune system aging functions as an accelerator for other age-related pathologies. It occurs prematurely in some clinical conditions, most prominently in patients with the autoimmune syndrome rheumatoid arthritis (RA); and such patients serve as an informative model system to study molecular mechanisms of immune aging. T cells from patients with RA are prone to differentiate into proinflammatory effector cells, sustaining chronic-persistent inflammatory lesions in the joints and many other organ systems. RA T cells have several hallmarks of cellular aging; most importantly, they accumulate damaged DNA. Because of deficiency of the DNA repair kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated, RA T cells carry a higher burden of DNA double-strand breaks, triggering cell-indigenous stress signals that shift the cell's survival potential and differentiation pattern. Immune aging in RA T cells is also associated with metabolic reprogramming; specifically, with reduced glycolytic flux and diminished ATP production. Chronic energy stress affects the longevity and the functional differentiation of older T cells. Altered metabolic patterns provide opportunities to therapeutically target the immune aging process through metabolic interference.
Some comments on the correlation dimension of 1/fα noise

Abstract It has recently been observed by Osborne and Provenzale that a stochastic (infinite degree of freedom) time series with a 1/fα power spectrum can exhibit a finite correlation dimension, even for arbitrarily large data sets. I will discuss the relevance of this observation to the practical estimation of dimension from a time series, and in particular I will argue that a good dimension algorithm need not be trapped by this anomalous fractal scaling. Further, I will analytically treat the case of Gausian 1/fα noise, with explicit high and low frequency cutoffs, and derive the scaling of the correlation integral C(N, r) in various regimes of the (N, r) plane.
Multitone ACLR and Its Applications to Linear PA Design

Analysis and measurements results of a multitone frequency spectrum leakage have shown results comparable to those of modulated signals with a similar peak-to-average power ratio. In this brief, the adjacent channel leakage ratio of multitone signals is analyzed, and it is shown that the closed-form result is related to third-order intermodulation distortion that can be obtained by a two-tone test. Such a correlation enables a rough prediction of an RF power amplifier’s (PA) linearity performance through a simple and fast simulation of a two-tone test, thereby shortening the design time. The theoretical analysis is experimentally demonstrated by employing a 1.9-GHz PA fabricated in 40-nm CMOS technology.
Introduction Montana Chapter of the Wildlife Society 54th annual meetIng, 2016 Wildlife Restoration Celebrating Conservation Success and Facing Future Challenges

This year's theme was Wildlife Restoration: Celebrating Conservation Success and Facing Future Challenges. The subject is one of the most challenging aspects of wildlife management. The focus is intentionally broad, as the success of conservation and management of our wildlife species is dependent on the synergy of many political, ecological, biological and social components that play a role in species conservation. There are many future challenges facing Montana’s wildlife species such as a growing human population or a changing climate. To help build future solutions, we can keep an eye on past successes. We should do this not only to draw important lessons on science, management or policy from our peers or predecessors, but also to remind ourselves how much the future can benefit from the hard work of those that came before us. The perspective from the past is an important one. We get to celebrate the conservation success of the agency biologists, university researchers and leaders that worked together to incorporate sound scientific management of wildlife to restore Montana’s game populations in the early 1900s. Today we have a healthy population of wolves, compared to 30 years ago when managers questioned their presence at all. As we look to future challenges, our annual conference is a great forum to share experiences, collaborate and better define and learn how and where we can manage Montana’s wildlife for future generations. About 350 wildlifers attended this year's conference. The banquet speaker was Harold Picton, Emeritus Professor of Wildlife Management in the Department of Ecology at Montana State University. He is a charter member of the Chapter and served as its president in 1967. The title of his talk was, "The Pittman-Robertson Revolution: Skim Milk on the Hills, Drugs in the Swamp and Salting from the Air" It was received with a standing ovation.
Statistical visualization and analysis of large data using a value-based spatial distribution

The size of large-scale scientific datasets created from simulations and computed on modern supercomputers continues to grow at a fast pace. A daunting challenge is to analyze and visualize these intractable datasets on commodity hardware. A recent and promising area of research is to replace the dataset with a distribution based proxy representation that summarizes scalar information into a much reduced memory footprint. Proposed representations subdivide the dataset into local blocks, where each block holds important statistical information, such as a histogram. A key drawback is that a distribution representing the scalar values in a block lacks spatial information. This manifests itself as large errors in visualization algorithms. We present a novel statistically-based representation by augmenting the block-wise distribution based representation with location information, called a value-based spatial distribution. Information from both spatial and scalar spaces are combined using Bayes' rule to accurately estimate the data value at a given spatial location. The representation is compact using the Gaussian Mixture Model. We show that our approach is able to preserve important features in the data and alleviate uncertainty.
Multigrid method for nonlinear integral equations

In this paper, we introduce a multigrid method for solving the nonliear Urysohn integral equation. The algorithm is derived from a discrete resolvent equation which approximates the continuous resolvent equation of the nonlinear Urysohn integral equation. The algorithm is mathematically equivalent to Atkinson’s adaptive twogrid iteration. But the two are different computationally. We show the convergence of the algorithm and its equivalence to Atkinson’s adaptive twogrid iteration. In our numerical example, we compare our algorithm to other multigrid methods for solving the nonliear Urysohn integral equation including the nonlinear multigrid method introduced by Hackbush.
Feedback Control of Parabolic PDE Systems

In Chapters 2 and 3, we presented nonlinear and robust control methods for systems of first-order hyperbolic PDEs. In the remainder of this book, we focus our attention on nonlinear and robust control of parabolic PDE systems. Such systems arise naturally in the modeling of transport-reaction processes with significant diffusive and dispersive mechanisms (e.g., packed-bed reactors, rapid thermal processing systems, chemical vapor deposition reactors, etc.). In contrast to hyperbolic PDEs, the main feature of parabolic PDEs is that the eigenspectrum of the spatial differential operator can be partitioned into a finite-dimensional slow one and an infinite-dimensional stable fast complement [65, 12, 133]. This motivates addressing the controller synthesis problem for parabolic PDEs on the basis of finite-dimensional systems that accurately describe their dynamic behavior
Wavelets — With Emphasis on Spline-Wavelets and Applications to Signal Analysis

This is a tutorial on wavelets with special emphasis on spline-wavelets. It may be considered as a continuation of the tutorial article [2] written about a year ago for the Lancaster workshop. However, this present article is intended to be self-contained, as much as possible, with the danger of some overlapping. It is again written from the point of view of an approximation theorist with special interest in spline functions and applications to signal analysis.
A living city: using urban metabolism analysis to view cities as life forms

Abstract: Urban metabolism (UM) is an accounting of inputs into urban systems, the work that gets done and the waste that results from the urban system using those inputs. To date, accounting has been limited to energy, materials, water, nutrients and waste that enter and leave a city at the city scale. This chapter suggests that for UM to be of use in sustainability, UM needs to be downscaled to the census block (for socio-demographic understanding of the users of energy), by sector (to understand how the economy uses energy) and to include life cycle analysis of economic key sectors.
Sex Estimation from Dental Crown and Cervical Metrics in a Contemporary Japanese Sample

Few sex estimation methods have been developed for East Asian populations in forensic anthropology. Furthermore, odontometric techniques, particularly including cervical measurements, are underutilized by forensic anthropologists in the construction of the biological profile. This research evaluates the use of logistic regression and linear discriminant function analysis with standard crown and cervical measurements of the dentition for the estimation of sex in a contemporary Japanese sample ( n = 97). While logistic regression produced equations with the highest overall correct classification rates, discriminant function equations resulted in less of a sex bias of correct estimation. Cervical and buccolingual measurements were most effective at correct allocation of individuals. This study successfully demonstrates the applicability of odontometrics, particularly cervical measurements, in the estimation of sex and the necessity for population-specific methods.
Climate Change Amplification of Natural Drought Variability: The Historic Mid-Twentieth-Century North American Drought in a Warmer World

AbstractIn the mid-twentieth century (1948–57), North America experienced a severe drought forced by cold tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). If these SSTs recurred, it would likely c...
Pattern Selection and Low-Dimensional Chaos in Systems of Coupled Nonlinear Oscillators

The longtime behavior of a number of one- and two-dimensional driven, dissipative, dispersive, many-degree-of-freedom systems is studied. It is shown numerically that the attractors are characterized by strong mode-locking into a small number of (nonlinear) modes. On the basis of the observed profiles, estimates of chaotic attractor dimensions, and projections into nonlinear mode bases, it is argued that the same few modes may (in these extended systems) give a unified picture of spatial pattern selection, low-dimensional chaos, and coexisting coherence and chaos. Analytic approaches to this class of problem are summarized.
Comparative Structure and Function Analysis of the RIG-I-Like Receptors: RIG-I and MDA5

RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the form of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) motifs to induce expression of type 1 interferons (IFN1) (IFNα and IFNβ) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines during the early stage of viral infection. While RIG-I and MDA5 share many genetic, structural and functional similarities, there is increasing evidence that they can have significantly different strategies to recognize different pathogens, PAMPs, and in different host species. This review article discusses the similarities and differences between RIG-I and MDA5 from multiple perspectives, including their structures, evolution and functional relationships with other cellular proteins, their differential mechanisms of distinguishing between host and viral dsRNAs and interactions with host and viral protein factors, and their immunogenic signaling. A comprehensive comparative analysis can help inform future studies of RIG-I and MDA5 in order to fully understand their functions in order to optimize potential therapeutic approaches targeting them.
Testing Autonomous Path Planning Algorithms and Setup for Robotic Vehicle Navigation

This paper covers the process that the project took to set up an autonomous system using ROS and a TurtleBot 3. The current project is a work in progress, the main goal is to test different path planning algorithms and sensor reading. The robot is to act as an academic platform that can be built upon and flexible enough to accept any testing requirement. Within the paper, the covered topics are, the working environment, planned algorithms, sensors used, advantages and disadvantages, and robot specification. Additionally, the direction, status, and future of the project. The project is still open ended, allowing for adoption from different parties to take the base and expand for their own needs.
Pediatric partial gelfoam myringoplasty with ventilation tube placement.

Abstract Objective For children with a history of persistent Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) or otitis media with effusion presenting with recurring tympanic membrane (TM) perforation, surgeons must often balance the treatment goals of correcting the perforation and maintaining ventilation to the middle ear to prevent future perforation formation. A partial gelfoam myringoplasty with ventilation tube placement is a previously unreported procedural option for addressing these goals. The objective of this study is to describe the partial myringoplasty technique and report preliminary outcome data for the procedure. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 29 children Results During a partial myringoplasty, a tympanostomy tube is placed in a TM perforation larger than the tube itself. The edges of the perforation are freshened, a tube is placed, and a piece of gelfoam is inserted to support the tube and to cover any remaining perforation. Out of 32 ears in 29 patients, 23 procedures were completed to correct existing perforations. The remainder were indicated in placement (n = 7) or replacement (n = 2) where the myringotomy or existing perforation was deemed too large to retain the tympanostomy tube without further support due to atelectatic or monomeric tympanic membranes. Thirteen tubes extruded within 1 year, of which 12 were Armstrong tubes and 1 was a T-tube. Out of 25 TM perforations corrected, 4 shrank in size and 2 did not close. For patients who underwent pre-surgical audiograms with findings indicating conductive hearing loss and had post-operative audiograms at follow-up, 8/10 showed improvement and 2/10 showed no change in hearing. Conclusion A partial myringoplasty is a simple procedure to close existing TM perforations while maintaining ventilation to the middle ear that can potentially improve hearing, provide ongoing ventilation, and eventually result in TM closure without the need for more complex repair. It may serve as a reasonable first line treatment for repair of perforations, reserving tympanoplasty for patients who fail this procedure.
Associations among Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Physical Activity Facilities, and Physical Activity in Youth during the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence.

Background: This study aims to examine the longitudinal association of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (SED) with physical activity in youth during the transition from elementary to middle school, and to determine if access to physical activity facilities moderates this relationship. Methods: Data were obtained from the Transitions and Activity Changes in Kids (TRACK) study, which was a multilevel, longitudinal study designed to identify the factors that influence changes in physical activity as youth transition from elementary to middle school. The analytic sample for the current study included 660 youth with complete data in grades 5 (baseline) and 7 (follow-up). A repeated measures multilevel framework was employed to examine the relationship between SED and physical activity over time and the potential moderating role of elements of the built environment. Results: Decreases in physical activity varied by the degree of neighborhood SED with youth residing in the most deprived neighborhoods experiencing the greatest declines in physical activity. Access to supportive physical activity facilities did not moderate this relationship. Conclusion: Future research studies are needed to better understand how neighborhood SED influences youth physical activity over time.
Chapter 10 – Blood

The chapter provides an overview of blood in birds. The composition and roles of avian plasma is considered. This includes the circulating electrolytes, nutrients (e.g. glucose, amino acids), and other small organic molecules (e.g. uric acid and urea). Moreover, the concentrations, composition, and roles of the multiple plasma proteins are discussed. This encompasses the roles of specific transport proteins such as transferrin, ceruloplasmin, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, and retinol-binding protein. Furthermore, avian immunoglobulins are discussed. The structure of erythrocytes of birds is outlined. Unlike the situation in most mammals, avian erythrocytes have nuclei. Consideration is given to erythrocyte transcription, lifespan, production including the role of the stimulatory hormone—avian erythropoietin, metabolism, and number. The erythrocyte functions to transport oxygen bound to hemoglobin and to facilitate carbon dioxide transport by the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase generating carbonic acid and hence bicarbonate ions. The role of hemoglobin is discussed including adaptations to high altitudes and shifts during embryonic development. Essential to the transport of carbon dioxide are the anion transporters and the sodium/potassium transporter. Avian blood contains leukocytes and thrombocytes. There are five types of leukocytes, namely: heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. The structure, number, production, and functions of these are discussed. Unlike the situation in mammals, avian thrombocytes are nucleated cells. As would be expected, these function to cause blood clotting. In addition, they have a series of immune functions. Avian blood is employed in biomedical models including β-adrenergic receptors, transgenic chickens, the avian IgY antibodies, and nutritional models.
Methodological Issues with Search in MEDLINE: A Longitudinal Query Analysis

This study compares the results of data collected from a longitudinal query analysis of the MEDLINE database hosted on multiple platforms that include PubMed, EBSCOHost, Ovid, ProQuest, and Web of Science in order to identify variations among the search results on the platforms after controlling for search query syntax. We devised twenty-nine sets of search queries comprised of five queries per set to search against the five MEDLINE database platforms. We ran our queries monthly for a year and collected search result count data to observe changes. We found that search results vary considerably depending on MEDLINE platform, both within sets and across time. The variation is due to trends in scholarly publication that include publishing online first versus publishing in journal issues, which leads to metadata differences in the bibliographic record; to differences in the level of specificity among search fields provided by the platforms; to database integrity issues that lead to large fluctuations in monthly search results based on the same query; and to database currency issues that arise due to when each platform updates its MEDLINE file. Specific bibliographic databases, like PubMed and MEDLINE, are used to inform clinical decision-making, create systematic reviews, and construct knowledge bases for clinical decision support systems. Since they serve as essential information retrieval and discovery tools that help identify and collect research data and are used in a broad range of fields and as the basis of multiple research designs, this study should help clinicians, researcher, librarians, informationalists, and others understand how these platforms differ and inform future work in their standardization. p { margin-bottom: 0.1in; direction: ltr; color: #000000; line-height: 115%; text-align: left; orphans: 2; widows: 2 } p.western { font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; so-language: en-US } p.cjk { font-family: "Noto Sans CJK SC"; font-size: 12pt; so-language: zh-CN } p.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Devanagari"; font-size: 12pt; so-language: hi-IN } a:link { so-language: zxx }
Single session positive attention bias modification training enhances reward-related electrocortical responses in females

Positive affect is linked to greater mental and physiological well-being. Conversely, negative affect is linked to depressive symptoms such as anhedonia. Relative biases in attention to positive or negative emotional information are thought to underlie individual difference in positive and negative affective traits, respectively. Attention bias modification (ABM) increases positive affect by training attention away from negative, or toward positive, stimuli. ABM training to reduce bias to negative information modulates electrocortical activity (i.e., P2, N2, & P3 ERP amplitudes), and this effect is moderated by participant sex. The extent to which ABM training to positive stimuli alters electrocortical activity and the extent to which such changes are moderated by participant sex is unknown. Here, participants completed attend positive ABM (or control) training followed by assessments of attentional bias, mood, and reward-related electrocortical activity. The results provide evidence of greater attentional bias to positive information following ABM. Transfer of these training effects to electrocortical measures was found for the P2 ERP component and moderated by participant sex. Females displayed a larger P2 amplitude for positive outcomes following ABM training. The reward positivity (RewP) and P3 ERPs were not directly affected by training, but the relationship between ERPs was linked to training such that following ABM training, the P2 and RewP components were strongly correlated, while following control training, the P3 and RewP were moderately correlated. Thus, ABM training to positive information enhanced electrocortical measures of reward processing in females and increased the relationship between reward-related ERPs.
The effects of a known exposure source on Pb isotopes in bones from Pb-dosed cows

Abstract Pb accumulates in bone over long periods of time, and the isotopic effects of this accumulation are poorly studied. The use of Pb isotopes in bones as a metric of exposure requires additional constraints on the relationship between the isotopic composition of the exposure source and resulting isotopic composition of the bone. Here, we present a Pb isotope study of two cows that were associated with the blood Pb proficiency testing program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH). These two cows were born and raised under the same conditions on the same farm, but were subjected to different levels of Pb exposure during that time period. Pb isotopes were measured in femur bones subsampled from each cow and the Pb isotopic composition of the exposure source (Pb nitrate) used for dosing the animals was also measured. Pb isotopic compositions of nearby (
Incorporation of robust constraints in globally optimized metasurfaces

Inverse design using topology optimization has proven to be highly effective to design metasurfaces with high performance. In particular, adjoint-based gradient computations can iteratively dielectric distributions to perform local optimization of freeform devices, and these computations can be incorporated into global topology optimizers such as GLOnets. A major challenge is incorporating fabricability constraints, such as the enforcement of the minimum feature size of the pattern, such that the final design is compatible with experimental lithography and etching steps. We introduce a conceptually new method that allows us to accurately impose constraints through reparametrization. The pixelated device pattern is reparametrized by a new set of parameters where design constraints are naturally and robustly incorporated. Updates to this new reparametrized latent space during the optimization are achieved using backpropagation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme by design
Organizational Change Practices for a Post-Pandemic World

As the world moves into a post COVID-19 mode of operation, organizational change practices must also move into a new paradigm Drawing on what is already known
Optimal Throughput-Outage Analysis of Cache-Aided Wireless Multi-Hop D2D Networks

Cache-aided wireless device-to-device (D2D) networks have demonstrated more promising performance improvement for video distribution than conventional distribution methods; thus, understanding the fundamental scaling behavior of such networks is highly important. However, the existing scaling laws for multi-hop networks are not optimal even in the case of Zipf popularity distributions (gaps between upper and lower bounds are not constants); furthermore, there are no scaling law results for such networks for the more practical case of a Mandelbrot-Zipf (MZipf) popularity distribution. We thus in this work investigate the throughput-outage performance for cache-aided wireless D2D networks adopting multi-hop communications, with the MZipf popularity distribution for file requests and users distributed according to Poisson point process. We propose an achievable content caching and delivery scheme, and then analyze its performance. We obtain the optimal scaling law by showing that the achievable performance is tight to the proposed outer bound. Since the Zipf distribution is a special case of the MZipf distribution, the optimal scaling law for the networks considering the Zipf popularity distribution is also obtained, which closes the gap in literature.
Graduados en Medicina por la Universidad de Irache (1613–1769)

In 1599, during one of the most splendid and spectacular moments in the life of the Habsburg Monarchy—when Margarita de Austria first laid eyes on her husband, Felipe III in Valencia—the pomp of th...
Comparing Short/Long-Term Outcomes of Heart Transplants That Occur Inside and Outside of Normal Working Hours

Purpose Heart transplantation involves many factors, such as donor selection,recipient management,multidisciplinary assessment,coordination with other organ teams, and transportation. Because of these unpredictable factors,heart transplantations can be conducted at any time of day. In some reports,clinical outcomes vary depending on the time of the day a surgery takes place. However, this is not well documented in heart transplantation. The purpose of this study is to investigate if outcomes differ between heart transplants taking place inside or outside of normal working hours. Methods We reviewed patients who underwent heart transplantation from January 2010 to July 2020(n=329). Based on the documented start time of transplant, the cohort was divided into two groups: working-hours (Group A: 7:30AM to 5PM; n=92) and after-hours (Group B:5PM to 7:30AM; n=237). We reviewed early and late clinical outcomes including survival. Long-term survival was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The patients in Group A(51.2±14.7 years old) were younger than Group B (54.6±12.4, p=0.03). There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, previous history of cardiac surgery, preoperative creatinine, ejection fraction and support of intra-aortic balloon pump. In-hospital mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (6.5%,4.6%;p=0.50). Ischemic time (237.0±60.2, 231.0±58.9 min; p=0.42) and cross-clamp time (149.4±37.3 min, 146.7±37.1 min; p=0.57) did not differ between the groups. In terms of postoperative complications, there were no significant differences between two groups in stroke (6 patients,7 patients; p=0.16), primary graft dysfunction requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (5 patients, 21 patients; p=0.28), reexploration for bleeding (8 patients, 24 patients; p=0.68) and newly required hemodialysis (8 patients, 15 patients; p=0.46). The survival rate in Group A (87.6% at 1year,80.1% at 3years and 77.6% at 5years) was not significantly different from Group B (90.9% at 1year,84.6% at 3years and 79.9% at 5years, log rank=0.75). Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between heart transplants taking place inside or outside of working hours. A high level of quality of care can be provided to transplant recipients during after hours with a great team effort.
What Explains the Demand for Collective Forest Rights Amidst Land Use Conflicts? Journal of Environmental Management

This article presents one of the first empirical studies of the demand for collective forest rights by forest-dependent groups locked in longstanding conflicts with government forestry agencies, which is a common feature of forested regions in the Global South. This analysis shows that (1) past engagements with community-based forest protection help foster demand for collective forest management rights despite the longstanding land use conflicts; (2) large areas of forest land affected by land use conflicts undermine the propensity of community groups to demand collective forest rights; (3) after the area affected by land use conflicts is controlled for, a larger number of land rights claimants is associated with a greater probability that a village group will claim collective forest rights; and (4) micro-institutional variables, particularly financial autonomy of village groups engaged in forest protection efforts, are likely to be among the main drivers of the local demand for collective forest management rights. The main finding is that community-based forest management is not merely an agenda that is imposed from the top by donors. Rather, recognizing the agency of rural residents in the process of adjudication of land use conflicts and providing them with autonomous spaces for management of local resources is likely to significantly boost the local demand for environmental stewardship.
Pre-pregnancy BMI-associated miRNA and mRNA expression signatures in the placenta highlight a sexually-dimorphic response to maternal underweight status

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes, with differences in risk observed between sexes. Given that the placenta is a sexually dimorphic organ and critical regulator of development, examining differences in placental mRNA and miRNA expression in relation to pre-pregnancy BMI may provide insight into responses to maternal BMI in utero. Here, genome-wide mRNA and miRNA expression levels were assessed in the placentas of infants born extremely preterm. Differences in expression were evaluated according to pre-pregnancy BMI status (1) overall and (2) in male and female placentas separately. Overall, 719 mRNAs were differentially expressed in relation to underweight status. Unexpectedly, no genes were differentially expressed in relation to overweight or obese status. In male placentas, 572 mRNAs were associated with underweight status, with 503 (70%) overlapping genes identified overall. Notably, 43/572 (8%) of the mRNAs associated with underweight status in male placentas were also gene targets of two miRNAs (miR-4057 and miR-128-1-5p) associated with underweight status in male placentas. Pathways regulating placental nutrient metabolism and angiogenesis were among those enriched in mRNAs associated with underweight status in males. This study is among the first to highlight a sexually dimorphic response to low pre-pregnancy BMI in the placenta.
Cellular Metabolomics Profiles Associated With Drug Chemosensitivity in AML

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with a dismal prognosis. For over four decades, AML has primarily been treated by cytarabine combined with an anthracycline. Although a significant proportion of patients achieve remission with this regimen, roughly 40% of children and 70% of adults relapse. Over 90% of patients with resistant or relapsed AML die within 3 years. Thus, relapsed and resistant disease following treatment with standard therapy are the most common clinical failures that occur in treating this disease. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between AML cell line global metabolomes and variation in chemosensitivity. Methods We performed global metabolomics on seven AML cell lines with varying chemosensitivity to cytarabine and the anthracycline doxorubicin (MV4.11, KG-1, HL-60, Kasumi-1, AML-193, ME1, THP-1) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the metabolite peak intensity values from UHPLC-MS using MetaboAnalyst to identify cellular metabolites associated with drug chemosensitivity. Results A total of 1,624 metabolic features were detected across the leukemic cell lines. Of these, 187 were annotated to known metabolites. With respect to doxorubicin, we observed significantly greater abundance of a carboxylic acid (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) and several amino acids in resistant cell lines. Pathway analysis found enrichment of several amino acid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. For cytarabine resistance, nine annotated metabolites were significantly different in resistance vs. sensitive cell lines, including D-raffinose, guanosine, inosine, guanine, aldopentose, two xenobiotics (allopurinol and 4-hydroxy-L-phenylglycine) and glucosamine/mannosamine. Pathway analysis associated these metabolites with the purine metabolic pathway. Conclusion Overall, our results demonstrate that metabolomics differences contribute toward drug resistance. In addition, it could potentially identify predictive biomarkers for chemosensitivity to various anti-leukemic drugs. Our results provide opportunity to further explore these metabolites in patient samples for association with clinical response.
Performance evaluation of wireless cellular networks under more realistic assumptions: Research Articles

In wireless cellular networks, performance evaluation is an important part in modeling and designing effective schemes to utilize the limited resource. In the past, performance evaluation was carried out either under restricted assumption on some time variables such as exponential assumption or via simulations. In this paper, we present a survey on a new analytical approach we have developed in the last few years to evaluate the performance of wireless cellular networks under more realistic assumptions. In particular, we apply this approach to the analysis of call connection performance and mobility management under assumptions that many time variables such as call holding time, cell residence time, channel holding time, registration area (RA) residence time, and inter-service time are assumed to be generally distributed and show how we can obtain more general analytical results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wave-Induced Oscillations in Harbors

The problem of wave induced oscillations of a small rectangular harbor that is connected to a larger rectangular wave basin is treated. This model system, without artificial energy dissipators, was studied experimentally and theoretically to determine how accurately this arrangement could predict the resonant modes of oscillation of a similar harbor connected to the open sea. The effects of energy dissipators on the harbor response characteristics are discussed briefly. Because of the high degree of coupling between the rectangular harbor and its attendant wave basin, the response characteristics of the model harbor as a function of incident wave period were radically different from a similar prototype connected to the open sea. Efficient wave absorbers and wave filters in the main wave basin are necessary to reduce this coupling effect.
Phase-coherent amplification of atomic matter waves

Atomic matter waves, like electromagnetic waves, can be focused, reflected, guided and split by currently available passive atom-optical elements. However, the key for many applications of electromagnetic waves lies in the availability of amplifiers. These active devices allow small signals to be detected, and led to the development of masers and lasers. Although coherent atomic beams have been produced1,2,3,4, matter wave amplification has not been directly observed. Here we report the observation of phase-coherent amplification of atomic matter waves. The active medium is a Bose–Einstein condensate, pumped by light that is far off resonance. An atomic wave packet is split off the condensate by diffraction from an optical standing wave, and then amplified. We verified the phase coherence of the amplifier by observing interference of the output wave with a reference wave packet. This development provides a new tool for atom optics and atom interferometry, and opens the way to the construction of active matter-wave devices.
A Ranking Algorithm for Hamilton Paths in Shuffle-Exchange Graphs

In previous work, Feldmann and Mysliwietz [3] showed that every shuffle-exchange graph contains a Hamilton path. In this paper, we show that there is a linear time ranking algorithm associated with that Hamilton path. The ranking algorithm returns the rank-position of each node of the graph with respect to the order given by the Hamilton path. Ranking algorithms are important for they can be applied to yield efficient implementations of certain network emulations using SIMD-style parallel algorithms for translating node labels.
You’ve Got to Know When to Fold ‘Em: International and Domestic Consequences of Capitulation, 1919–1999

This article explores the effect of acquiescing to compellent threats on the probability that a leader loses office and on the probability that he or she is targeted in a subsequent international crisis. Using a leader-specific punishment (LSP) model that corrects for the endogeneity between domestic and international politics, an analysis of over 9,000 observations during the period 1919–1999 suggests that backing down generally increases both the risk of becoming a target and the probability of losing office. Leaders who back down to coercive threats without a fight are almost twice as likely to become targets in subsequent crises and much more likely to lose office than those who do not. Democratic leaders are more at risk than their autocratic counterparts for loss of office and becoming targets if they acquiesce to coercive threats.
Planar Drawings and Angular Resolution: Algorithms and Bounds (Extended Abstract)

We investigate the problem of constructing planar straightline drawings of graphs with large angles between the edges. Namely, we study the angular resolution of planar straight-line drawings, defined as the smallest angle formed by two incident edges. We prove the first nontrivial upper bound on the angular resolution of planar straight-line drawings, and show a continuous trade-off between the area and the angular resolution. We also give linear-time algorithms for constructing planar straight-line drawings with high angular resolution for various classes of graphs, such as series-parallel graphs, outerplanar graphs, and triangulations generated by nested triangles. Our results are obtained by new techniques that make extensive use of geometric constructions.
The Stability of Almandine at High Pressures and Temperatures

We have characterized the subsolidus fate of almandine garnet at high pressure with in situ energy dispersive powder X ray diffraction. Using a new method of laser heating that reduces both axial and radial temperature gradients, we have conducted compression experiments on synthetic almandine in a diamond anvil cell. We confirm previous observations that a perovskite phase does not form from almandine (Fe 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ) and demonstrate that almandine decomposes to oxides FeO, SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 rather than transforming to a perovskite-structured phase at lower mantle pressures. This behavior differs from that of pyrope (Mg 2 Al 2 Si 2 O 12 ), which transforms first to an ilmenite (or corundum) structure and then to perovskite at lower mantle conditions. We observe no other silicate products, such as a proposed Ca-ferrite structured FeAl 2 O 4 , produced from almandine. These results are in agreement with thermodynamic calculations.
Belief Systems: Ascribing Belief

In this decade, it has been realised that belief Systems are an important part of any artificial intelligence (AI) System that interacts with individuals. For correct, and maximal behaviour it is necessary to account for the beliefs of other individuals that differ from the system's. This paper considers the work of a number of researchers on representing and reasoning with belief. Further, it describes our own work on the automatic ascription of belief (i.e, the generation of nested beliefs on demand). This ascription is accomplished by a form of default reasoning. Particular attention is paid to beliefs that are not ascribed by default (known as atypical beliefs.)
Relato de viajes y reescritura historiográfica en Grand Tour

Grand Tour, novela del escritor venezolano Denzil Romero sobre el periplo europeo del generalisimo Francisco de Miranda (1750-1816), es un ejercicio narrativo cuyo titulo es homonimo de la compilacion de relatos de viaje mas respetada en el siglo XVIII. Me refiero a The Grand Tour in Italy (1700-1800), obra compuesta por A Voyage to Sicily and Malta (1776) de John Dryden hijo, y Tour through Sicily and Malta ( 1773) de Patrick Brydone. Es importante indicar que la obra de Brydone era el paradigma a seguir en la confeccion del relato de viajes de acuerdo a las teorias del filologo ingles Samuel Jonson (1709-1784) 1. De alli que e] titulo de la novela de Romero pueda verse como una eleccion muy acertada. Consideremos que, en primer lugar, el texto aborda el periplo de Londres a Praga que Francisco de Miranda llevo a cabo en 1784 (ROBERTSON, Francisco de Miranda, p. 201). Por otra parte, una novela que aborda la figura de Miranda, personaje que recorrio el Caribe, los Estados U nidos y Europa en busca de apoyo para la gesta emancipadora venezolana (ROBERTSON, id.), no puede encontrar mejor premisa titular que una que contenga dentro de si una alusion a esa itinerancia que caracterizo la vida del que fue el precursor de la independencia venezolana.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Versus Radionuclide Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Chest Pain Admitted to Telemetry: A Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND The role of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in the management of symptomatic patients suspected of having coronary artery disease is expanding. However, prospective intermediate-term outcomes are lacking. OBJECTIVE To compare CCTA with conventional noninvasive testing. DESIGN Randomized, controlled comparative effectiveness trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00705458). SETTING Telemetry-monitored wards of an inner-city medical center. PATIENTS 400 patients with acute chest pain (mean age, 57 years); 63% women; 54% Hispanic and 37% African-American; and low socioeconomic status. INTERVENTION CCTA or radionuclide stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was cardiac catheterization not leading to revascularization within 1 year. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, resource utilization, and patient experience. Safety outcomes included death, major cardiovascular events, and radiation exposure. RESULTS Thirty (15%) patients who had CCTA and 32 (16%) who had MPI underwent cardiac catheterization within 1 year. Fifteen (7.5%) and 20 (10%) of these patients, respectively, did not undergo revascularization (difference, -2.5 percentage points [95% CI, -8.6 to 3.5 percentage points]; hazard ratio, 0.77 [CI, 0.40 to 1.49]; P = 0.44). Median length of stay was 28.9 hours for the CCTA group and 30.4 hours for the MPI group (P = 0.057). Median follow-up was 40.4 months. For the CCTA and MPI groups, the incidence of death (0.5% versus 3%; P = 0.12), nonfatal cardiovascular events (4.5% versus 4.5%), rehospitalization (43% versus 49%), emergency department visit (63% versus 58%), and outpatient cardiology visit (23% versus 21%) did not differ. Long-term, all-cause radiation exposure was lower for the CCTA group (24 versus 29 mSv; P < 0.001). More patients in the CCTA group graded their experience favorably (P = 0.001) and would undergo the examination again (P = 0.003). LIMITATION This was a single-site study, and the primary outcome depended on clinical management decisions. CONCLUSION The CCTA and MPI groups did not significantly differ in outcomes or resource utilization over 40 months. Compared with MPI, CCTA was associated with less radiation exposure and with a more positive patient experience. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE American Heart Association.