cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kernels of truth or distorted perceptions: Self and observer ratings of social anxiety and performance

This study compared self and observer ratings of social performance and anxiety among individuals with social anxiety disorder, nonclinical controls, and participants with dysthymia serving as clinical controls. The purpose was to elucidate whether self-perceptions of individuals with social anxiety disorder reflect observable performance and anxiety differences, negative self-perceptions, or an interaction of the two. Participants engaged in three role-played interactions, and self and observer ratings of performance and anxiety were obtained. In general, self-ratings of anxiety and performance were more negative (greater anxiety and poorer performance) than were observer ratings. Interactions of rating source and diagnosis indicated the discrepancy between self and observer ratings of both anxiety and performance was significantly greater among participants with social anxiety disorder. Observers, however, generally noted differences across the groups in both anxiety and performance. The discrepancies between self and observer ratings of anxiety were related to negative evaluation fears and negative thought patterns, while performance discrepancies were related to negative thought patterns. Treatment implications are discussed.
Supporting blind photography

Blind people want to take photographs for the same reasons as others -- to record important events, to share experiences, and as an outlet for artistic expression. Furthermore, both automatic computer vision technology and human-powered services can be used to give blind people feedback on their environment, but to work their best these systems need high-quality photos as input. In this paper, we present the results of a large survey that shows how blind people are currently using cameras. Next, we introduce EasySnap, an application that provides audio feedback to help blind people take pictures of objects and people and show that blind photographers take better photographs with this feedback. We then discuss how we iterated on the portrait functionality to create a new application called PortraitFramer designed specifically for this function. Finally, we present the results of an in-depth study with 15 blind and low-vision participants, showing that they could pick up how to successfully use the application very quickly.
Choosing the Right Free IM Providers and Clients for Your Library

With virtual library services increasing, public services librarians may find themselves with questions such as: What instant messaging services (IM) are available? Which IM service would best suit my patrons' needs? Which IM service best suits my library's technology profile? This column describes the features and functionality of major instant messaging providers and clients as they relate to library needs, specifically for the provision of instant message reference services. The sites reviewed in this column have been selected as quality examples of IM providers that have great potential for use within libraries, enabling library professionals to better collaborate with one another and reach out to patrons. In this issue, the Internet Resources column features narrative and commentary from one reviewer, Amanda K. Izenstark, who presents a comprehensive review and comparison of the various IM providers currently available. The Public Services Quarterly Internet Column is designed to highlight resources ...
Placental hypoxia: The lesions of maternal malperfusion

The placental lesions classically ascribed to placental hypoxia, here denoted maternal malperfusion (MMP), are among the more significant that a placental pathologist may encounter. Yet the appearance of these lesions may be subtle, and the clinical implication of their diagnosis is frequently unclear. The aim of this review is to provide a more nuanced perspective on the clinical utility of placental pathology for the detection of MMP. The review will first detail MMP lesions in the placenta and discuss their associations with pregnancy complications. The review will then delve into the diagnostic and interpretive difficulties of these lesions. Finally, recent research findings that may aid in the development of better diagnostic tools will be briefly discussed.
One-pot crystalline ZnO nanorod growth in mineralizing peptide gels

A new biomimetic approach for the one-pot synthesis of ZnO nanorods at neutral pH and room temperature is introduced; self-assembly of the ZnO-mineralzing peptides (CN111, PAGLQVGFAVEV-GGGSC) with Zn ions as bundles of nanofibers in the gel form leads to the growth of ZnO nanorod (NRD) inside the gel. This new nanomaterial synthesis may open a new strategy by using the catalytic peptide gels as nanomaterial reactors.
Fever and infection in leukemic patients. A study of 494 consecutive patients

All of the febrile episodes occurring in 494 adults with acute leukemia were reviewed. There were an average of 2.39 febrile episodes per patient and the patients spent 28% of their days in the hospital with fever. Sixty-four percent of the febrile episodes were due to infection. The most common types of infection were disseminated infection and pneumonia, which together accounted for 69% of the total episodes of documented infection. The etiologic agent was identified in 73% of the documented infections and gram-negative bacilli were responsible for the great majority. The most common gram-negative bacilli causing infection were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During the course of their leukemia, 31% of the patients had repeated episodes of infection caused by the same organism and 13% ahd repeated FUO's. Fever occurred most often when the patients had neutropenia (less than 500/mm3). The fatality rate from septicemia decreased from 84% in 1966 to 44% in 1972. The fatality rate for major infections caused by gram-positive cocci was 16%, for gram-negative bacilli was 37% and for fungi was 86%. Although infection remains a serious problem in leukemia patients, considerable progress has been made.
Effects of Harvest Period on the Production of White River Crayfish, Procambarus acutus acutus

Abstract Crayfish harvest was initiated at a cool water temperature (15°C) and warm water temperature (20°C) from culture ponds (0.1 ha) with a resident population of white river crayfish, Procambarus acutus acutus.Crayfish were harvested for 24 days for a total of 1,977 trap-days/ha (March 9-May 12, 2000 from the cool-harvest treatment and May 5-June 15, 2000 from the warm-harvest treatment). The mean total length (TL) and production of harvested white river crayfish (WRC) was similar between treatments. The population structures of WRC from the cool and warm periods of harvest were substantially different; large WRC (≤100 mm TL) from the cool-harvest period were 3.1 times more abundant than large WRC during the warm-harvest period. A similar number of small WRC were harvested from the two treatments; however, those small WRC harvested during the warm period was significantly longer than the small WRC during the cool-harvest period. The estimated large WRC biomass contribution to the total harvest from t...
Impact of the lunar cycle on the incidence of intracranial aneurysm rupture: myth or reality?

Abstract Objective To analyze the impact of the lunar cycle and season on the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Patients and methods The medical records of 111 patients who were admitted over a 5-year period to our department because of aneurysmal SAH were retrospectively reviewed. The date of aneurysm rupture was matched with the corresponding season and moon phase. Results An incidence peak for aneurysm rupture (28 patients) was seen during the phase of new moon, which was statistically significant (p Conclusion The lunar cycle seems to affect the incidence of intracranial aneurysm rupture, with the new moon being associated with an increased risk of aneurysmal SAH.
Understanding why gay men seek HIV‐seroconcordant partners: Intimacy and risk reduction motivations

Our goal was to situate the interest of some gay men in having HIV‐seroconcordant partners within the psychosocial context of concurrent motivations for intimacy and sexual risk reduction. Data were obtained from semi‐structured qualitative interviews with a racially/ethnically diverse sample of 32 gay men (16 HIV‐positive and 16 HIV‐negative) living in New York City who sought HIV‐seroconcordant partners. Thematic analysis indicated that seroconcordant partner selection was strongly motivated by a desire to reduce sexual risk as well as the pursuit of multiple forms of intimacy. Affirmative experiences in seroconcordant relationships and goals for future long‐term relationships also informed men's current partner selection practices. When seeking seroconcordant partners, men reported key junctures and disjunctures between motivations for intimacy and interests in risk reduction. Our findings suggest that HIV prevention efforts will have greater relevance if they address broader motivational concerns for ...
Mutation of lysine 1370 in full-length human α2-macroglobulin blocks binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1

alpha2-Macroglobulin (alpha2M) regulates cell physiology by binding to cellular receptors; however, residues that contribute to receptor-binding have not been elucidated in the full-length protein. In alpha2M fragments, expressed in bacteria, Lys(1370) and Lys(1374) are critical for binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and a distinct alpha2M-signaling receptor. We expressed full-length recombinant human alpha2M (r(alpha)2M) and mutants in which Lys(1370) or Lys(1374) was converted to alanine in K-562 cells. The r(alpha)2M species demonstrated intact structure and function, as determined by subunit size, intersubunit disulfide bonds, reaction with trypsin or methylamine, and ability to undergo conformational change. Binding of transforming growth factor-beta1 was unaltered. Mutation of Lys(1370) almost entirely inhibited specific binding of methylamine-activated r(alpha)2M to RAW 264.7 cells. Mutation of Lys(1374) had no effect. Binding of r(alpha)2M to RAW 264.7 cells was blocked by receptor-associated protein, indicating an essential role for LRP-1. These studies demonstrate that a single mutation in full-length r(alpha)2M is sufficient to block binding to LRP-1.
Empirical likelihood test via estimating equations

It has been a long history for testing whether the underlying distribution belongs to a particular one or a parametric class of distributions. In this paper, we propose some empirical likelihood ratio tests via estimating equations. The proposed new tests allow one to add more relevant constraints so as to improve the powers. A simulation study shows the effectiveness of the new tests. The new method is then used to test employer size and market value distributions of US firms.
The expression and function of a group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) in β-cells

Many cells express a Group VIA phospholipase A2, designated iPLA2β, that does not require calcium for activation, is stimulated by ATP, and is sensitive to inhibition by a bromoenol lactone suicide...
Economic threshold for Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in the southeastern USA

This research was designed to determine economic thresholds for Varroajacobsoni mites in mature overwintered colonies under conditions that encourage or discourage mite immi­ gration. Congruent data from the present study and our earlier work suggest that a true late-season (August) economic threshold for mites in the southeastern USA lies within a range of mite popula­ tions of 3 172-4 261, ether roll mite levels of 15-38, and overnight bottom board insert mite levels of 59-187 in colonies with bee populations of 24 808-33 699. Overwintering colonies can benefit from an additional early-season (February) treatment. This benefit was realized in colonies which in February had the following average values: mite populations 7-97, ether roll 0.4-2.8, bottom board inserts 0.6-10.2 and bee populations 12 606-13 500. Continuous acaricide treatment never achieved colony bee populations or brood number significantly higher than in colonies treated more conser­ vatively. There is evidence that minimizing mite immigration has the benefit of delaying the onset of economic thresholds. © Inra/DIB/AGIB/EIsevier, Paris Apis meltifera I Varroajacobsoni I integrated pest management / chemical resistance management
Tangram: a comprehensive toolbox for mobile element insertion detection.

Mobile elements (MEs) constitute greater than 50% of the human genome as a result of repeated insertion events during human genome evolution. Although most of these elements are now fixed in the population, some MEs, including ALU, L1, SVA and HERV-K elements, are still actively duplicating. Mobile element insertions (MEIs) have been associated with human genetic disorders, including Crohn’s disease, hemophilia, and various types of cancer, motivating the need for accurate MEI detection methods. To comprehensively identify and accurately characterize these variants in whole genome next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, a computationally efficient detection and genotyping method is required. Current computational tools are unable to call MEI polymorphisms with sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity, or call individual genotypes with sufficiently high accuracy. Here we report Tangram, a computationally efficient MEI detection program that integrates read-pair (RP) and split-read (SR) mapping signals to detect MEI events. By utilizing SR mapping in its primary detection module, a feature unique to this software, Tangram is able to pinpoint MEI breakpoints with single-nucleotide precision. To understand the role of MEI events in disease, it is essential to produce accurate individual genotypes in clinical samples. Tangram is able to determine sample genotypes with very high accuracy. Using simulations and experimental datasets, we demonstrate that Tangram has superior sensitivity, specificity, breakpoint resolution and genotyping accuracy, when compared to other, recently developed MEI detection methods. Tangram serves as the primary MEI detection tool in the 1000 Genomes Project, and is implemented as a highly portable, memory-efficient, easy-to-use C++ computer program, built under an open-source development model.
Comments on relationships between native seed preferences of shrub-steppe granivores and seed nutritional characteristics

Kelrick et al. (1986) argued that seed preferences of desert granivores are strongly influenced by soluble carbohydrate contents of native seed species. They assumed that bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) seeds are eaten in their entirety by rodents, but in fact these granivores eat only embryos of bitterbrush seeds. Embryos have a much lower percentage of soluble carbohydrate than whole bitterbrush seeds, and the correlation between preference and soluble carbohydrate content of seeds for six native species becomes non-significant when embryo values are substituted for whole-seed values.
Prophetic ministry in the nuclear world

This essay opens with a summary of a modern psychoanalytic theory of large groups. This theory is used to analyze the character, first, of the American church; second, prophetic ministry; and finally, what the nuclear threat means to the American church. The essay concludes with a discussion of what this analysis says about how to do effective prophetic ministry in the American church in the nuclear age.
Results of a changing treatment philosophy for children with stage I Hodgkin's disease: A 35‐year experience

Over the last four decades, significant changes have occurred in the management of childhood stage I Hodgkin's disease. Between 1949 and 1984, 50 children, ages 4 to 16 years, were treated for stage I Hodgkin's disease at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Nineteen children had clinically staged (CS) disease. Thirty-one patients were pathologically staged (PS). Thirty-four children were treated with radiotherapy only, 12 were treated with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and 3 patients were treated with combination chemotherapy alone. All patients were followed from 32 to 311 months (median 170 months). Five-, 10-, and 15-year actuarial survival rates for all patients were 94, 89, and 84%, respectively. The corresponding freedom from relapse (FFR) rates were 76, 69, and 69% respectively. The 10-year actuarial survival and FFR rates for CS patients were 79 and 42%. The corresponding rates for PS patients were 97 and 86%. In patients with PSI disease, actuarial 10-year FFR rates of 100% were obtained either with regional radiotherapy alone or with combination chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy. The following delayed adverse effects of treatment were observed: growth abnormalities in 17, aspermia in 3, thyroid abnormalities in 11 (two carcinomas), and second malignancies beyond the radiotherapy fields in 2. We conclude with a recommendation of combined chemotherapy and involved field radiation for children who have not fulfilled their growth potential, to achieve high cure rates, while minimizing morbidity.
Age-related disruption of classical conditioning: a model systems approach to memory disorders.

The model systems approach to the neurobiology of memory involves studying a well characterized learned response in a relatively simple and well controlled preparation. The best characterized mammalian model system is classical conditioning of the rabbit's eyeblink response. Using this preparation, significant progress has been made toward understanding the neurobiological systems and mechanisms involved in elaboration of the conditioned response. Using a well characterized model system such as classical eyeblink conditioning, it should be possible to both characterize the changes in learning and memory that accompany aging and to investigate their neural substrates. Our strategy for using the conditioned eyeblink preparatiomfor studying age-related memory deficits is four-fold and includes investigating conditioning deficits in: (I) humans across the life span, (2) rabbits across the life span, (3) Alzheimer's disease patients, and (4) rabbits with aluminum-induced neurofibrillary degeneration. In this paper, we present exemplary data from each of these lines of research. If similar deficits occur in each of these groups, it may be possible to begin to form hypotheses about the neurobiology of age-related memory disorders.
A mathematical model for heterogeneous reactions with a moving boundary

A general mathematical model is presented for the noncatalytic reaction between a porous solid and a gas with solid product formation under conditions controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The model has been formulated in general terms so as to allow the incorporation of specific details pertaining to actual systems. The formulation assumes that the gaseous reactant diffuses through the pore space of the particle followed by diffusion through the product layer. The resulting equations are solved numerically. This model has been used to predict conversion-time curves for the atmospheric oxidation of iron disulfide contained in porous solids. The predicted curves are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. In particular, it produces accurate estimates for the conversion rates of iron disulfide at different temperatures.
Mechanism and enzymatic contribution to in vitro test method of digestion for maize starches differing in amylose content.

To determine the rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) contents in a starch sample, the addition of amyloglucosidase is often used to convert hydrolyzates from α-amylase digestion to glucose. The objectives of this study were to investigate the exact role of amyloglucosidase in determining the digestibility of starch and to understand the mechanism of enzymatic actions on starch granules. Four maize starches differing in amylose content were examined: waxy maize (0.5% amylose), normal maize (≈27% amylose), and two high-amylose starches (≈57 and ≈71% amylose). Notably, without amyloglucosidase addition, the RS content increased from 4.3 to 74.3% for waxy maize starch, 29.7 to 76.5% for normal maize starch, 65.8 to 88.0% for starch with 57% amylose, and 68.2 to 90.4% for the starch with 71% amylose. In the method without α-amylase addition, less RS was produced than without added amyloglucosidase, except in maize at 71% amylose content. Scanning electron ...
The Redistributional Impact of Modern Rent Control

Since the early 1970s over 200 cities in the United States of America have enacted rent control. Currently 10% of the nation's renters are covered by some form of rent regulation, yet little is known about the economic consequences of rent control. Most evidence suggests that modern rent controls have little or no impact on the amount of investment in rental housing. Such a finding is primarily because of the nonrestrictive nature of most current rent control ordinances, which typically exempt newly constructed housing, guarantee a fair and reasonable return on investment, and allow for annual rent adjustments to cover increases in operating costs. Although this relatively mild type of rent control succeeds in limiting extreme rent increases, it does not result in significant relief from high rents in most regulated cities. Only with strong rent control ordinances will rents be significantly impacted.
A Generalized-Yvon−Born−Green Theory for Determining Coarse-Grained Interaction Potentials†

The present work introduces a generalized-Yvon−Born−Green (YBG) theory for calculating coarse-grained (CG) force fields directly from structure ensembles. The method is noniterative and determines the CG potentials from a system of coupled linear integral equations that are expressed in terms of structural correlation functions for the CG sites. The force field obtained by solving these linear equations provides a variationally optimal approximation to the many-body potential of mean force determined by the atomistic model and the CG mapping. The generalized-YBG theory is equivalent to the conventional YBG equation when applied to monatomic liquids but also correctly treats the many-body structural correlations present in more complex molecular systems. Additionally, this work introduces an analogous version of the theory for determining discrete force field parameters. Numerical calculations for a CG model of a propane−propanol mixture illustrate the method.
Aircraft and Satellite Passive Microwave Observations of the Bering Sea Ice Cover During MIZEX West

Passive microwave measurements of the Bering Sea ice cover were made with the NASA CV-990 airborne laboratory and with the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) during February 1983 as part of the Bering Sea marginal zone experiment (MIZEX West). Microwave data obtained with the CV-990 include radiances from both imaging and dual-polarized fixed-beam radiometers spanning a range of frequencies from 10 to 183 GHz. The imagery at 19 and 92 GHz provide a description of the marginal ice zone delineating regions of open water, ice compactness, and ice-edge structure. Comparison of these images with ice concentration maps derived from the SMMR data shows that the maps provide an accurate description of the ice edge and interior pack polynyas. Analysis of the fixed-beam data shows that spectral differences increase with a decrease in ice thickness and the polarization at both 18 and 37 GHz distinguishes among new, young, and first-year sea ice types. Finally, these results are shown to agree with surface-based radiometric measurements.
β‐ENDORPHIN: SYNTHESIS AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF SEVERAL ANALOGS MODIFIED IN POSITIONS 2 AND 5

The solid-phase syntheses of [Sar2]-, [Ala2]-, [D-Leu2]-, [D-Lys2]-beta-endorphins and [Pro5]-, [Leu5]-, [D-Leu5]-, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-beta-endorphins are described. The synthetic peptides were purified by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose and partition chromatography on Sephadex G-50. They were characterized by partition chromatography on agarose, thin-layer chromatography, paper electrophoresis, and amino acid analyses of acid and enzymic hydrolysates. Bioassay of the synthetic analogs for analgesic activity by the tail-flick method showed the D-Leu2 analog to be 48% as potent as betah-endorphin while the Ala2, D-Lys2, Leu5, and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] analogs were 8 to 17% as active. The Sar2, D-Leu5, and Pro5 analogs were less than 1% as potent.
Vapor Sensors Based on Optical Interferometry from Oxidized Microporous Silicon Films

Vapor sensors using thin porous silicon (PS) Fabry-Perot films were prepared and characterized. The detection method used in this work involves measurement of the intensity of reflected light from a microporous Si film as a function of analyte concentration. Analyte adsorption within the pores of the film causes the Fabry-Perot fringes to shift to higher wavelengths as a result of an increase in the average refractive index of the PS layer. Two transduction methodologies are employed: measurement of the intensity of reflected light using a low-power red diode laser source, and measurement of the spectrum of reflected light in the wavelength range 400−1000 nm, using a white light (tungsten) source. The effect of PS film thickness and porosity on sensitivity are systematically studied. A detection limit of 250 ppb for the analyte ethanol in a nitrogen gas carrier stream has been demonstrated. Experimental results suggest that capillary condensation is in part responsible for the high sensitivity of these v...
Microstructure and detachment mechanism of friction layers on the surface of brake shoes

Automotive and truck brake shoe materials are complex composites of metals, ceramics, and polymers. These are designed to provide stable, reliable frictional performance over a range of vehicle operating conditions, exhibit acceptable wear life, and offer freedom from noise and sensible vibrations. During their use, friction brakes tend to form thin, third-body layers on their contact surfaces. Such tribo-layers play a part in frictional characteristics, and therefore it is of interest to study their structure and properties. This article describes the structure of the friction-induced layers that formed on commercially manufactured brake shoes on a trailer that was subjected to 4 years of highway driving. The layers consist of a thin, brittle crust of nanoscale particulate material that easily delaminates from the substrate. Polished cross sections were studied with both optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of extracted flakes revealed the complex, fine structure of the friction-induced layer. Realistic brake friction models should not use bulk properties of the starting materials, but rather should incorporate the properties of the fine-grained friction layers.
Echocardiographic evaluation of iatrogenic atrial septal defect after catheter-based mitral valve clip insertion.

The geometries and sizes of persistent iatrogenic atrial septal defects (IASDs) after transseptal puncture during catheter-based mitral valve clip insertion (MVCI) have not been detailed. In this study, 11 IASDs were investigated in 10 patients who underwent MVCI using a guide catheter (24Fr proximally and 22Fr at the atrial septum). The diameters of the long and short axes and the area at maximum and minimum during a cardiac cycle were measured after MVCI using real-time 3-dimensional (RT3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). A circular shape was assumed on 2-dimensional TEE, resulting in an area calculation of π × (dimension/2) 2 . The anatomic geometries of IASDs were visualized in a 3-dimensional en face view of the atrial septum. Furthermore, 1 month after MVCI, IASDs were evaluated using echocardiography. The IASDs had a variety of irregular geometries. The mean long-axis diameter was 1.0 ± 0.24 cm, the mean short-axis diameter was 0.51 ± 0.22 cm, and the mean area was 0.40 ± 0.24 cm 2 on RT3D TEE. The diameters and area changed significantly between the maximal and minimal values during the cardiac cycle. Importantly, 2-dimensional TEE underestimated the maximal diameters of IASDs (0.54 ± 0.17 vs 1.0 ± 0.24 cm by RT3D TEE, p 2 by RT3D TEE, p
Determination of the pairing state of high-Tc superconductors through measurement of the transverse magnetization

Abstract The angular dependence of the in-plane, off-axis magnetization of a LuBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ single crystal has been measured, and the amplitude of the Fourier component with angular period π/2 has been found to be smaller than expectations for pure d -wave pairing. The results are consistent with isotropic pairing, but do not rule out nodeless anisotropic pairing.
Glomerular C3 receptors in human renal disease

Glomerular C3 receptors in human renal disease. The relationship between glomerular C3 receptor activity and intraglomerular C3 deposition was studied in 73 cases of various forms of renal disease. C3 receptor activity was measured by enumeration of complement-coated sheep red blood cells (IgM EAC) that adhered to glomeruli in frozen sections and expressed as a percentage of the mean number present in control kidneys. Adjacent sections were studied for the presence and distribution of C3 deposits. The precise location of corresponding dense deposits was determined through 1-µ sections or electron micrographs. Marked depression of C3 receptor activity was found in most cases in which there was accumulation of C3 along the glomerular basement membrane, irrespective of whether the deposits were in a subepithelial, intramembranous, or subendothelial location. In contrast, when C3 was not detectable or was found exclusively in the mesangium, C3 receptor activity was affected only moderately, if at all. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the interaction of C3 with podocytes is a major determinant in the loss of C3 receptor activity in glomerular disease, but do not exclude the possibility that interaction with mesangial or endothelial cells may also influence C3 receptor activity. Recepteurs glomerulaires de C3 dans les affections renales. La relation entre l'activite du recepteur glomerulaire de C3 et le depot intraglomerulaire de C3a ete etudiee dans 73 cas de maladies renales diverses. L'activite receptrice de C3a ete mesuree par la numeration des globules rouges de chevre recouverts de complement (IgMEAC) qui adherent au glomerule sur des coupes congelees. Ce nombre est exprime en pourcentage du nombre moyen de tels globules rouges fixes par les reins controles. Les coupes voisines ont ete etudiees pour reconnaitre la presence et evaluer la distribution des depots de C3. La localisation precise des depots denses correspondants a ete determinee au moyen de coupes de I-µ ou de la microscopie electronique. Une diminution importante de l'activite receptrice de C3a ete trouvee dans la plupart des cas dans lesquels il y a une accumulation de C3 le long de la membrane basale du glomerule que les depots soient sous-epitheliaux, intramembraneux ou sous-endotheliaux. Au contraire, quand le C3 n'est pas detectable ou bien seulement mesangial, l'activite receptrice de C3 n'est que faiblement. ou pas du tout, modifiee. Ces resultats sont en accord avec l'hypothese selon laquelle 1'interaction de C3 avec les podocytes est un determinant majeur de la perte d'activite receptrice de C3 dans les affections glomerulaires, mais ils ne permettent pas d'exclure que 1'interaction avec les cellules mesangiales ou endotheliales puisse aussi influencer l'activite receptrice.
Complete sets of transformations for general E -unification

In this thesis we study two generalizations of standard unification, E-unification and higher-order unification, using an abstract approach originated by Herbrand and developed in the case of standard first-order unification by Martelli and Montanari. The formalism presents the unification computation as a set of non-deterministic transformation rules for converting a term system consisting of pairs of terms to be unified into an explicit representation of a unifier (if such exists). This provides an abstract and mathematically elegant means of analysing the properties of unification in various settings by providing a clean separation of the logical issues from the specification of procedural information, and amounts to a set of 'inference rules' for unification. We derive the set of transformations for general E-unification and higher-order unification from an analysis of the sense in which terms are 'the same' after application of an unifying substitution. In both cases, this results in a simple extension of the set of basic transformations given by Herbrand-Martelli-Montanari for standard unification, and shows clearly the basic relationships of the fundamental operations necessary in each case, and thus the underlying structure of the most important classes of term unification problems. In addition to the presentation of a formalism which unifies and clarifies the diverse approaches currently being developed for E-unification and higher-order unification, we present the first rigorous analysis of a method for E-unification which is fully general in the sense that it is capable of enumerating a complete set of E-unifiers for arbitrary sets of equations E.
670 Factors Associated with Short-Term Exercise Capacity Following Lung Transplantation

D. Wang, Y. Zhou, D.F. Wax, S. Kaushal, J.G. Gossett. Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Pediatric Cardiology, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Biostatistics Research Core, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Surgery, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Substrate effect on single carbon nanotube based infrared sensors

Infrared (IR) sensors have been widely used for military and civil industry, while carbon nanotube (CNT) research progresses have been made in recent years. This led to investigation and development of CNT based IR detectors. In this paper, CNT-metal based Schottky barrier structure was designed to detect IR irradiance, and different interfacial layer, including SiO2, parylene-C, Si3N4, quartz, and polyimide, was used under CNT-metal contact to isolate substrate noise. The experimental results have shown that, the polymer based interfacial layer has strong substrate noise reduction on CNT IR sensor. The dark current is less than 0.3 nA under the condition of photocurrent 170 nA, noise at 0.5 nA when CNT-metal contact was fabricated on polyimide polymer due to substrate isolation and noise reduction.
Erdheim–Chester Disease

Antecedents: La maladie de Erdheim-Chester est une histiocytose non langerhansienne rare. Objectif: Familiariser les cliniciens avec la maladie de Erdheim-Chester et son diagnostic differentiel. Resultats et Conclusion: La maladie de Erdheim-Chester presente des resultats cliniques et pathologiques particuliers. Ses lesions, apparentees a celles du xanthome, peuvent causer une morbidite et mortalite elevees.
Das “Digitale Gefälle” als Gerechtigkeitsproblem

Das Digitale Gefalle (DG – engl.: Digital Divide) erschwert bestimmten Gruppen innerhalb der OECD-Gesellschaften die IuK-Nutzung und trennt die insgesamt schon hochdigitalisierten OECD-Staaten von den schwach digitalisierten Entwicklungslandern. In beiden Fallen verringert das DG die Chancen der “digitalen Habenichtse” auf gerechten Zugang zu Informationen und zu Netzwerkgemeinschaften.
Unpacking the Information, Media, and Technology Skills Domain of the New Learning Paradigm

Put simply, “Teaching our students so that they become well-equipped with the 21st century skills is the new learning paradigm” (Kivunja, 2014b, p. 85). These skills fall into four domains which the Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21) identify as the Traditional Core Skills, the Learning and Innovation Skills, the Career and Life Skills, and the Digital Literacy Skills; also known as the Information, Media, and Technology Skills (P21, 2009). Arguing that the traditional core skills, such as reading, -riting, and –rithmetic are well known, and might need no elaboration, Kivunja (2014b) discussed the Learning and Innovations Skills domain, and Kivunja (2015a) unpacked the Career and Life Skills domain. This paper unpacks the Digital Literacy Skills domain to extend an understanding of this domain in three ways. First, what is it and what skills does it involve? Second, how can students be taught the skills of this domain so they will be job ready to use these skills on graduation? Third, what is the significance of this domain to each of the other domains; and therefore to the success of studying, working, living and being a productive citizen in the realities of the Digital Economy?
A General Equilibrium Model for Industries with Price and Service Competition

This paper develops a stochastic general equilibrium inventory model for an oligopoly, in which all inventory constraint parameters are endogenously determined. We propose several systems of demand processes whose distributions are functions of all retailers' prices and all retailers' service levels. We proceed with the investigation of the equilibrium behavior of infinite-horizon models for industries facing this type of generalized competition, under demand uncertainty.We systematically consider the following three competition scenarios. (1) Price competition only: Here, we assume that the firms' service levels are exogenously chosen, but characterize how the price and inventory strategy equilibrium vary with the chosen service levels. (2) Simultaneous price and service-level competition: Here, each of the firms simultaneously chooses a service level and a combined price and inventory strategy. (3) Two-stage competition: The firms make their competitive choices sequentially. In a first stage, all firms simultaneously choose a service level; in a second stage, the firms simultaneously choose a combined pricing and inventory strategy with full knowledge of the service levels selected by all competitors. We show that in all of the above settings a Nash equilibrium of infinite-horizon stationary strategies exists and that it is of a simple structure, provided a Nash equilibrium exists in a so-called reduced game.We pay particular attention to the question of whether a firm can choose its service level on the basis of its own (input) characteristics (i.e., its cost parameters and demand function) only. We also investigate under which of the demand models a firm, under simultaneous competition, responds to a change in the exogenously specified characteristics of the various competitors by either: (i) adjusting its service level and price in the same direction, thereby compensating for price increases (decreases) by offering improved (inferior) service, or (ii) adjusting them in opposite directions, thereby simultaneously offering better or worse prices and service.
Formation of intrathermocline eddies at ocean fronts by wind-driven destruction of potential vorticity

Abstract A mechanism for the generation of intrathermocline eddies (ITEs) at wind-forced fronts is examined using a high resolution numerical simulation. Favorable conditions for ITE formation result at fronts forced by “down-front” winds, i.e. winds blowing in the direction of the frontal jet. Down-front winds exert frictional forces that reduce the potential vorticity (PV) within the surface boundary in the frontal outcrop, providing a source for the low-PV water that is the materia prima of ITEs. Meandering of the front drives vertical motions that subduct the low-PV water into the pycnocline, pooling it into the coherent anticyclonic vortex of a submesoscale ITE. As the fluid is subducted along the outcropping frontal isopycnal, the low-PV water, which at the surface is associated with strongly baroclinic flow, re-expresses itself as water with nearly zero absolute vorticity. This generation of strong anticyclonic vorticity results from the tilting of the horizontal vorticity of the frontal jet, not from vortex squashing. During the formation of the ITE, high-PV water from the pycnocline is upwelled alongside the subducting low-PV surface water. The positive correlation between the ITE’s velocity and PV fields results in an upward, along-isopycnal eddy PV flux that scales with the surface frictional PV flux driven by the wind. The relationship between the eddy and wind-induced frictional PV flux is nonlocal in time, as the eddy PV flux persists long after the wind forcing is shut off. The ITE’s PV flux affects the large-scale flow by driving an eddy-induced transport or bolus velocity down the outcropping isopycnal layer with a magnitude that scales with the Ekman velocity.
When Does Management’s Support for a Change Translate to Perceptions of Fair Treatment? The Moderating Roles of Change Attributions and Conscientiousness:

Organizational change creates uncertainty and stimulates fairness judgments of employees, which are important determinants of employee attitudes and behaviors. This study investigated the anteceden...
Rumination mediates the relationship between peer alienation and eating pathology in young adolescent girls.

This study examined whether rumination, the tendency to passively and repeatedly dwell on negative events, mediated the relationship between peer alienation and eating disorder symptoms among adolescent girls. Participants included 101 girls (ages 10–14; 47 % Hispanic, 24 % African American) who completed questionnaires regarding peer relationships, symptoms of eating pathology, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Girls who reported experiencing more peer alienation reported a higher degree of pathological eating symptoms. The relationship between peer alienation and eating pathology was mediated by rumination, even after controlling for depressive symptoms. This study extends previous work indicating that rumination is a cognitive mechanism that may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of eating pathology. The findings suggest that adolescents who feel alienated by their peers might be particularly susceptible to engaging in ruminative thinking that can lead to or exacerbate eating problems.
PPARα ligands inhibit radiation-induced microglial inflammatory responses by negatively regulating NF-κB and AP-1 pathways

Whole-brain irradiation (WBI) can lead to cognitive impairment several months to years after irradiation. Studies on rodents have shown a rapid and sustained increase in activated microglia (brain macrophages) following brain irradiation, contributing to a chronic inflammatory response and a corresponding decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, alleviating microglial activation following radiation represents a key strategy to minimize WBI-induced morbidity. We hypothesized that pretreatment with peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha agonists would ameliorate the proinflammatory responses seen in the microglia following in vitro radiation. Irradiating BV-2 cells (a murine microglial cell line) with single doses (2-10 Gy) of (137)Cs gamma-rays led to increases in (1) the gene expression of IL-1beta and TNFalpha, (2) Cox-2 protein levels, and (3) intracellular ROS generation. In addition, an increase in the DNA-binding activity of redox-regulated proinflammatory transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB was observed. Pretreating BV-2 cells with the PPARalpha agonists GW7647 and Fenofibrate significantly inhibited the radiation-induced microglial proinflammatory response, in part, via decreasing (i) the nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit and (ii) phosphorylation of the c-jun subunit of AP-1 in the nucleus. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that activation of PPARalpha can modulate the radiation-induced microglial proinflammatory response.
Radiative Electron Capture X-Ray Profiles from Fast Collisions of F+q on Ne

Hartree-Fock momentum wavefunctions have been used with the impulse approximation (IA) to calculate lineshapes for radiative electron capture (REC) x-rays emitted in 199F+q (q=8,9) collisions with 10Ne. The validity of the IA for these collisions will be discussed in the region of the REC intensity peak and on the high photon energy side of that peak where molecular orbital x rays may be observed.
Pulling back fixed points

If X, Y are G-spaces (spaces on which a compact Lie group G acts), and f: X ~ Y is a G-map, then the image of a fixed point in X is fixed in I1. When does the inverse image of a fixed point contain a fixed point, in particular if X, Y are G-manifolds and f has degree prime to ]GI (=order of G). In (unpublished work of the author1), this is shown for elementary abelian p-groups, with X, Y more general spaces ("n-near manifolds"). In this paper we show that this is true for abelian p-groups G acting smoothly on X, with p odd or with p=2 with an additional complex hypothesis. We give a counterexample for nonabelian G. The method is to prove a generalization of a theorem of (Bredon, 1973) for 7lip actions, which says that maps of degree prime to p induce injections on the mod p cohomology of the fixed set. We generalize this theorem to abelian p groups, where the action on X is smooth, and p 4= 2 (or other hypothesis). This seems to be new even in the case of elementary abelian p-groups of rank > 1. We actually prove a stronger theorem for a generalization of the notion of degree, which may be non-zero for maps between manifolds of different dimension. The proof involves complex linear equivariant K-theory in an essential way, which requires smoothness and p + 2, or a complexity hypothesis on X in order to produce the appropriate complex linear bundles. Among the corollaries, we show that an abelian p-group (p odd) cannot act smoothly on a closed manifold with exactly one isolated fixed point, generalizing an old result of (Atiyah and Bott, 1964) for G=Z/p. This was found independently by (Ewing and Stong, 1986) by a different argument. I am indebted to Ib Madsen for his comments, in particular for discussions on equivariant K-theory. Thanks are due also to Michael Davis for carefully reading the manuscript, and pointing out several difficulties. I also wish to thank the referee for his comments.
Parameters of the six-quark model☆

Abstract The restrictions imposed on the parameters of the six-quark model by the neutral kaon system are discussed with QCD effects included in the leading logarithmic approximation. The dependence on the six-quark model parameters of the sign and magnitude of the CP violation parameter e′, the b -quark lifetime and the ratio of decay widths Γ(b → uX) Γ(b → cX) are also discussed.