cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Evaluating Quality Assurance Procedures

Abstract The evaluation strategies outlined in this paper constitute a set of tools beneficial to the development and documentation of robust automated quality assurance (QA) procedures. Traditionally, thresholds for the QA of climate data have been based on target flag rates or statistical confidence limits. However, these approaches do not necessarily quantify a procedure’s effectiveness at detecting true errors in the data. Rather, as illustrated by way of an “extremes check” for daily precipitation totals, information on the performance of a QA test is best obtained through a systematic manual inspection of samples of flagged values combined with a careful analysis of geographical and seasonal patterns of flagged observations. Such an evaluation process not only helps to document the effectiveness of each individual test, but, when applied repeatedly throughout the development process, it also aids in choosing the optimal combination of QA procedures and associated thresholds. In addition, the approac...
Evaluation of video and acoustic index methods for assessing reef-fish populations

Since 1991, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has used a video camera/trap system to assess the relative abundance of reeffishes in the Gulf of Mexico occurring on natural hard-bottom substrata at depths between 9 m and 110 m. The relative index of reef-fish abundance resulting from these annual Gulf-wide surveys is based on counts of fish recorded during a 1 h set of a video camera on the bottom. During the 1993 reef-fish survey, a total of 115 reef sites were sampled with a video camera and fisheries acoustic system. Video data were used to identify fish species distributed above the bottom. OV-bottom fish included snappers (Lutjanidae), groupers (Serranidae), and amberjacks (Seriolaspp.), species of interest to commercial and recreational fisheries. Correlation between total oV-bottom taxa abundance and volume backscatter was low (r=0.41, n=115). The low correlation may be caused by diVerences in the area sampled by the video camera and acoustic systems at each site. The low correlation limits the use of acoustic data as an auxiliary variable in a combined video-acoustic estimator. ? 1996 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Recent advances in globin gene transfer for the treatment of beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.

Purpose of reviewThe s-thalassemias and sickle cell anemia are severe congenital anemias for which there is presently no curative therapy other than allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This therapeutic option, however, is not available to most patients due to the lack of an HLA-match
Twenty Years of Experience with Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation

Purpose: The efficacy of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in treating sphincteric incontinence has been clearly demonstrated. We report on 20 years of experience using artificial sphincter implantation at a single institute. Materials and Methods: The follow-up data for 37 patients who received AUS (AMS 800 TM ) implantation between 1987 and 2006 at Yonsei University were available for this study. We investigated various components of the medical records, such as the number of pads used per day, results of pre-operative urodynamic studies, operative and post-operative complications, and revision rate. Results: Mean patient age was 35.6 years (range 15-64 years), and mean follow-up duration was 12.4 years (range 1.4-19.8 years). Of the 37 patients, 21 had neurogenic bladder, and 9 had traumatic injury. Other causes of incontinence included post-operative complications (4 patients) and congenital anomalies (3 patients). The cuff s were placed were in the bladder necks of 21 patients and in the bulbous urethrae of 16 patients. The average number of pads used daily decreased significantly from 6.2 to 1.2 after the operation, and 27 patients (72.9%) were able to maintain 'dry-up status' (number of pads used≤1). A total of 32 artificial sphincters remained in place (86.4% survival rate), with 8 revisions (21.6%) required secondary to infection, mechanical failure, or urethral stone. Conclusions: AUS implantation is a safe and durable treatment for urinary incontinence in patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency from various
Developing Print Awareness: The Effect of Three Instructional Approaches on Kindergarteners' Print Awareness, Reading Readiness, and Word Reading

This study investigated the effectiveness of three instructional approaches for developing kindergarteners' print concepts and print awareness. The study also sought to determine if developing chil...
Student Counseling Needs: The Small Urban College

Abstract Three hundred forty-three students at a small urban northeastern college rated their needs for counseling assistance on fifty-three personal, learning and career issues. Strongest areas of concern included financial stresses, academic perfonriance, career development, relationship skills, bereavement and the fear of getting AIDS. Gender and racial groups are compared and implications for counseling center service delivery are discussed.
Explicating nurses' cardiac triage decisions.

Background and research objective Although nurses frequently determine patient priority and urgency status for emergency evaluation and treatment of symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction (MI), surprisingly few studies have specifically examined the cardiac triage decisions of emergency department (ED) nurses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explicate the decision-making processes of ED nurses who triage men and women for MI. Subjects and methods A qualitative, descriptive study was conducted using focus group methodology. A synthesized conceptual model was used to guide focus group discussions and to begin the process of developing a conceptually based, quantifiable measure of ED nurses' cardiac triage decisions. Participants' (N = 12) oral descriptions were audiotape recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the Krueger content analysis method. Results When making MI triage decisions and determining triage urgency status, ED nurses determine the underlying cause of patients' chief complaints based on clinical presentation, patient demographics, past medical history, as well as their own attitudes, perceptions and beliefs, nursing knowledge, and ED experience. Important patient cues include general appearance, vital signs, cardiac history, chest pain, and mode of transportation. Nurse's ultimate goal when making cardiac triage decisions is to have the patient receive a prompt electrocardiogram and prompt medical evaluation and to advocate for the patient. Conclusions Nurses are knowledgeable of age and sex differences in MI presentation. However, some nurses hold cultural biases and stereotypes that may interfere with the timely delivery of emergency cardiac healthcare. Findings from this study will be used to develop a quantifiable measure of ED nurses' cardiac triage decision-making processes.
Abstract 533: Critical role of MMP-9 dimers in cell migration: design of inhibitory peptides

Non-proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have recently been shown to impact cell migration, but the precise mechanism remains to be understood. We previously demonstrated that the hemopexin (PEX) domain of MMP-9 is a prerequisite for enhanced cell migration. Using a biochemical approach, we now report that dimerization of MMP-9 through the PEX domain is necessary for MMP-9-enhanced cell migration. Following a series of substitution mutations within the MMP-9 PEX domain, two critical motifs in the outermost strands of the first and fourth blades of MMP-9 PEX domain were found to be involved in MMP-9 homo- and hetero- dimer formations. Peptides mimicking these motifs efficiently blocked MMP-9 dimer formations and inhibited MMP-9-mediated cell migration, but not membrane type 1- MMP (MT1-MMP)-induced cell migration. In addition, these peptides demonstrate inhibitory effects on migration of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, which express high level of endogenous MMP-9. Using a shRNA approach, CD44 was found to be a critical molecule in MMP-9-mediated cell migration. Furthermore, a novel axis involving an MMP-9-CD44-EGFR signaling pathway in cell migration was identified using antibody microarray analysis and specific receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In conclusion, we dissected the mechanism of proMMP-9-enhanced cell migration and developed structure-based inhibitory peptides specific targeting of MMP-9-mediated cell migration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 533.
The experience and reporting of common physical complaints.

Data from a sample of young adults first studied in 1961 are used to examine factors influencing reports of common physical complaints in 1977. Among the factors associated with such symptom reports are the child's illness behavior in 1961, retrospective reports of family interaction during childhood, measures of psychological state, and subjective measures of physical health status. Reported parental behavior appears to affect symptom reporting primarily through its influence on subjective psychological and physical health. It is hypothesized that reporting common physical symptoms is part of a pattern of illness behavior and response, shaped by childhood training and responsive to personal stress and the occurrence of body dysfunction.
Morphology and Crystallinity Control of Novel Spider Silk-like Block Copolymer

A new family of A-B di-block copolymers based on the amino acid sequences of Nephila clavipes major ampulate dragline spider silk, which have a strong potential for applications in tissue regeneration and drug delivery, was synthesized and characterized. The morphology was assessed by SEM: HBA3 formed fibrillar structure and 2 μm diameter hollow micelles, while HBA4 and HBA6 formed hollow micelles in water solution. The secondary structures of water-cast spider silk-like block copolymer films were assessed by FTIR. The crystallinity was determined by Fourier self-deconvolution of the amide I spectra and confirmed by wide angle X-ray diffraction. Results indicate that the self-assembled morphology and the crystallinity can be varied by changing the length of A-block, and a minimum of 3 A-blocks are required to form β sheet crystalline regions in water-cast spider silk block copolymers. A theoretical model was used to predict the specific reversing heat capacity, Cp(T), which is crucial to the design of smart biomaterials. Excellent agreement was found between the theoretical value and the Cp(T) determined by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry. This method can serve as a standard by which to assess the thermal properties for other biologically inspired block copolymers, and then be further applied to control the biological interactions for use in drug delivery and smart biomaterials applications.
Opioid-glutamate interactions in rat locus coeruleus neurons

1. The effect of mu-opioids on the glutamate response was investigated in rat locus coeruleus (LC) neurons by intracellular recording in the brain slice preparation. Glutamate responses were evoked by bath application of selective glutamate agonists, glutamate iontophoresis, and stimulation of excitatory afferents. 2. The mu-opioid agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM) potentiated the response to bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid by 91 and 142%, respectively, in slices cut in the horizontal plane. The mechanism of action of this effect was investigated under conditions that limited the DAMGO-induced hyperpolarization and improved the space clamp of the neuron through 1) addition of barium, 2) increase in extracellular potassium concentration, 3) sectioning of the LC in the coronal plane, and 4) addition of carbenoxolone. Each experimental manipulation decreased the DAMGO outward current and reduced the mu-opioid potentiation of the glutamate response. The results suggest that the mu-opioid-mediated potentiation of the glutamate response is dependent on membrane hyperpolarization. 3. Neither forskolin nor the phorbol ester 4b-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) altered the glutamate-mediated inward currents. The potentiation of the glutamate response by DAMGO was not affected by PDBu. 4. The mu-opioids DAMGO and [met]5enkephalin (10 microM) did not significantly affect the NMDA receptor-mediated depolarization (mean 14%) evoked by local application of glutamate but inhibited the NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic potential (mean 25%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Inflatable antenna for cubesat: Extension of the previously developed s-band design to the X-band

The inflatable antenna for CubeSat is a 1 meter antenna reflector designed with one side reflective Mylar, another side clear Mylar with a patch antenna at the focus. The development of this technology responds to the increasing need for more capable communication systems to allow CubeSats to operate autonomously in interplanetary missions. An initial version of the antenna for the S-Band was developed and tested in both anechoic chamber and vacuum chamber. Recent developments in transceivers and amplifiers for CubeSat at X-band motivated the extension from the S-Band to the X-Band. This paper describes the process of extending the design of the antenna to the X-Band focusing on patch antenna redesign, new manufacturing challenges and initial results of experimental tests.
Capstone senior research course in economics

ABSTRACTIn this article, the authors describe the structure and assessment of a capstone course in economics. The outcomes are noteworthy for three reasons. First, among cited evidence to date, this is the only undergraduate economics program from a nonselective public university reporting similar achievements in undergraduate research paper publications. Second, the program reports learning outcomes of a relatively new instrument in standardized test (ETS MFT Economics) to measure attainment of proficiencies in economics. Finally, it introduces undergraduate research paper competition outcomes as a measure of student paper quality.
SPECIAL STUDIES FROM THE NIH USA CAPD REGISTRY

Recent studies from the USA CAPD Registry include: cohort studies related to year of training, the impact of center size, the impact of descriptive characteristics of therapy that were not previous...
Study on compounds in Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark

Objective To determine the compounds in Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark.Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC,and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.Results Nine compounds were isolated from 80% ethanol extract and their structures were elucidated as mangiferin(Ⅰ),1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone(Ⅱ),1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(Ⅲ),1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone(Ⅳ),1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone(Ⅴ),1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone(Ⅵ),swertiamarin(Ⅶ),gentipicroside(Ⅷ),sweroside(Ⅸ).Conclusion Compounds Ⅳand Ⅵ～Ⅸ were isolated from Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark in first time.
Zur Bedeutung der immunoelektrophoretischen Typendifferenzierung von γ2-Myelomparaproteinen

1. Bei 24γ2-Paraproteinen wird die Typenbestimmung mit typenspezifischen Antiseren durchgefuhrt. 14 Paraproteine gehoren zum Typ E (wahrscheinlich=Typ I), 10 Paraproteine zum Typ T (wahrscheinlich=Typ II).
Imaging trace element distributions in single organelles and subcellular features

The distributions of chemical elements within cells are of prime importance in a wide range of basic and applied biochemical research. An example is the role of the subcellular Zn distribution in Zn homeostasis in insulin producing pancreatic beta cells and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We combined transmission electron microscopy with micro- and nano-synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to image unequivocally for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the natural elemental distributions, including those of trace elements, in single organelles and other subcellular features. Detected elements include Cl, K, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd (which some cells were supplemented with). Cell samples were prepared by a technique that minimally affects the natural elemental concentrations and distributions, and without using fluorescent indicators. It could likely be applied to all cell types and provide new biochemical insights at the single organelle level not available from organelle population level studies.
Some features of the central co-ordination of a fast movement in the crayfish

(i) The nervous and muscular activity pattern produced in an abdominal segment by a single giant-fibre impulse when all peripheral reflexes are abolished is described. (ii) This description depends on criteria for the identification of efferent neurones to the tail muscles. These are discussed and the identification of the inhibitor to the fast flexor muscles is established by anatomical homology. (iii) The pattern of response to a giant-fibre impulse is summarized in Fig. 4. (iv) Inhibition of the fast flexors, the lack of an extension command, the slow flexor contraction, the accessory neurone discharge and central nervous inhibition during the escape movement are among the features discussed. Partly supported by a U.S. Public Health Service Cardiovascular traineeship in the Zoology Department, University of California Los Angeles.
Cardiac Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Following Instillation of 20 nm Citrate-capped Nanosilver

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have garnered much interest due to their antimicrobial properties, becoming one of the most utilized nano-scale materials. However, any potential evocable cardiovascular injury associated with exposure has not been reported to date. We have previously demonstrated expansion of myocardial infarction after intratracheal (IT) instillation of carbon-based nanomaterials. We hypothesized pulmonary exposure to Ag core AgNP induces a measureable increase in circulating cytokines, expansion of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and is associated with depressed coronary constrictor and relaxation responses. Secondarily, we addressed the potential contribution of silver ion release on AgNP toxicity. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 200 μl of 1 mg/ml of 20 nm citrate-capped Ag core AgNP, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/ml Silver Acetate (AgAc), or a citrate vehicle by intratracheal (IT) instillation. One and 7 days following IT instillation the lungs were evaluated for inflammation and the presence of silver; serum was analyzed for concentrations of selected cytokines; cardiac I/R injury and coronary artery reactivity were assessed. Results: AgNP instillation resulted in modest pulmonary inflammation with detection of silver in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages, elevation of serum cytokines: G-CSF, MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-13, IL-10, IL-18, IL-17α, TNFα, and RANTES, expansion of I/R injury and depression of the coronary vessel reactivity at 1 day post IT compared to vehicle treated rats. Silver within lung tissue was persistent at 7 days post IT instillation and was associated with an elevation in cytokines: IL-2, IL-13, and TNFα and expansion of I/R injury. AgAc resulted in a concentration dependent infarct expansion and depressed vascular reactivity without marked pulmonary inflammation or serum cytokine response. Conclusions: Based on these data, IT instillation of AgNP increases circulating levels of several key cytokines, which may contribute to persistent expansion of I/R injury possibly through an impaired vascular responsiveness.
Methodologies for Test Translation and Cultural Equivalence

A continuing evolution in both problem recognition and systematic research addressing the need for culturally equivalent and transnational versions of tests has been noted over the past decade. While the concerns and problem areas for cultural equivalence assessment research have remained relatively constant over the years, new variations of these problems have emerged. Additionally, the number and quality of studies addressing these concerns as well as related methodologies have improved and become more sophisticated. The present chapter reviews the current status of available methodologies for test translation and cultural equivalence, addresses the emergence and problems associated with computer and Internet technologies for cross-cultural testing, and provides recommendations regarding clinical approaches to selection of adapted tests for assessing culturally diverse clients.
Direct numerical simulation

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) consists in solving the Navier–Stokes equations, resolving all the scales of motion, with initial and boundary conditions appropriate to the flow considered. Each simulation produces a single realization of the flow. The DNS approach was infeasible until the 1970s when computers of sufficient power became available. Even though it is a latecomer among modelling approaches, it is logical to discuss DNS first. Conceptually it is the simplest approach and, when it can be applied, it is unrivalled in accuracy and in the level of description provided. However, it is important to appreciate that the cost is extremely high; and the computer requirements increase so rapidly with Reynolds number that the applicability of the approach is limited to flows of low or moderate Reynolds numbers. In this chapter, we first describe DNS applied to homogeneous turbulence and examine in some detail the computational requirements. Then we consider DNS for inhomogeneous turbulent flows, for which rather different numerical methods are required. Homogeneous turbulence For homogeneous turbulence, pseudo-spectral methods (pioneered by Orszag and Patterson (1972) and Rogallo (1981)) are the preferred numerical approach, because of their superior accuracy. The rudiments of these methods are described in Section 9.1.1, which allows the computational cost of DNS to be estimated (in Section 9.1.2).
Enhancing Remyelination through a Novel Opioid-Receptor Pathway.

The evolution of myelin 488 million years ago was a critical step for vertebrate diversification, co-occurring with the development of jaws and primary components of the brain ([Stiefel et al., 2013][1]). Myelin is vital for biological fitness because it increases the efficiency and conduction
Direct Brain Stimulation Modulates Encoding States and Memory Performance in Humans

People often forget information because they fail to effectively encode it. Here, we test the hypothesis that targeted electrical stimulation can modulate neural encoding states and subsequent memory outcomes. Using recordings from neurosurgical epilepsy patients with intracranially implanted electrodes, we trained multivariate classifiers to discriminate spectral activity during learning that predicted remembering from forgetting, then decoded neural activity in later sessions in which we applied stimulation during learning. Stimulation increased encoding-state estimates and recall if delivered when the classifier indicated low encoding efficiency but had the reverse effect if stimulation was delivered when the classifier indicated high encoding efficiency. Higher encoding-state estimates from stimulation were associated with greater evidence of neural activity linked to contextual memory encoding. In identifying the conditions under which stimulation modulates memory, the data suggest strategies for therapeutically treating memory dysfunction.
Wrinkle surface instability of an inhomogeneous elastic block with graded stiffness

Surface instabilities have been studied extensively for both homogeneous materials and film/substrate structures but relatively less for materials with continuously varying properties. This paper studies wrinkle surface instability of a graded neo-Hookean block with exponentially varying modulus under plane strain by using the linear bifurcation analysis. We derive the first variation condition for minimizing the potential energy functional and solve the linearized equations of equilibrium to find the necessary conditions for surface instability. It is found that for a homogeneous block or an inhomogeneous block with increasing modulus from the surface, the critical stretch for surface instability is 0.544 (0.456 strain), which is independent of the geometry and the elastic modulus on the surface of the block. This critical stretch coincides with that reported by Biot (1963 Appl. Sci. Res. 12 , 168–182. (doi:10.1007/BF03184638)) 53 years ago for the onset of wrinkle instabilities in a half-space of homogeneous neo-Hookean materials. On the other hand, for an inhomogeneous block with decreasing modulus from the surface, the critical stretch for surface instability ranges from 0.544 to 1 (0–0.456 strain), depending on the modulus gradient, and the length and height of the block. This sheds light on the effects of the material inhomogeneity and structural geometry on surface instability.
Labels matter: Challenging conversations or challenging people?

Caring for patients is a complex, intricate, intimate privilege. To characterize it otherwise is to not fully understand it.
O Arroz Africano na História do Novo Mundo

Rice was introduced to multiple regions of the Americas during the colonial period. Rice plantations flourished in the U.S. southeast and eighteenth-century Brazil. Long attributed to European initiative, recent scholarship suggests that enslaved Africans provided more than labor to the emergence of rice as a food crop in the western hemisphere. This emerges from scholarly consensus that rice was independently domesticated in West Africa 3,000 years ago and further recognition of its role as provisions on transatlantic slave ships. This article summarizes the research findings in support of African agency in New World rice cultivation. A comparative historical approach to Atlantic rice culture suggests African cultural antecedents. The discussion examines the role of enslaved rice-growing Africans in transferring the seed and cultivation skills critical for pioneering the crop’s establishment in the Americas.
The Instrumental Effects of Reform

Many rape reform advocates predicted that statutory changes in rape laws would affect the processing and disposition of rape cases. As discussed earlier, several aspects of the reforms led to predictions of instrumental change. Reformers anticipated that redefining the crime of rape and providing a range of charges would lead prosecutors to file charges in cases that might not have fit under traditional definitions. They also believed that definitional changes would increase convictions because the availability of appropriate lesser charges would facilitate plea bargaining and would discourage jury nullification by juries who were reluctant to convict for forcible rape.
Individual differences in aesthetic engagement are reflected in resting-state fMRI connectivity: Implications for stress resilience.

Abstract Objective Individual differences in aesthetic engagement—the propensity to be moved by art, nature, and beauty—are associated with positive health outcomes, as well as stress resilience. The purpose of the current study was to identify potential neural substrate mechanisms underlying individual differences in aesthetic engagement and reported proneness to aesthetic chill. Methods Data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) 1200 Subjects Release were utilized. Resting-state fMRI connectivity was extracted for 361 regions in the brain including cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions for each participant, using participant-specific segmentation and parcellation of subcortical gray matter nuclei and a network-based statistics analytical approach. The Aesthetic Interests subcluster of the Openness to Experience scale (NEO-Five Factor Inventory; NEO-FFI) was used to characterize individual differences in aesthetic engagement and chill. Results Participants reporting higher aesthetic engagement, particularly proneness to aesthetic chill responses, exhibited significantly higher connectivity between the default network and sensory and motor cortices, higher connectivity between the ventral default and salience networks, and decreased connectivity between the cerebellum and somatomotor cortex. Conclusions Current findings suggest that greater integration of the default mode network, involving processing of internal narrative, with neural representations of sensory perception and salience detection may be a mechanism underlying individual differences in aesthetic engagement. Thus, these individual differences may reflect general integration of environmental perception with internal emotional experience, which in turn may facilitate comfort with novelty, self-regulation, and positive adaptation to potentially stressful experiences.
Humans control stride-to-stride stepping movements differently for walking and running, independent of speed.

Abstract As humans walk or run, external (environmental) and internal (physiological) disturbances induce variability. How humans regulate this variability from stride-to-stride can be critical to maintaining balance. One cannot infer what is “controlled” based on analyses of variability alone. Assessing control requires quantifying how deviations are corrected across consecutive movements. Here, we assessed walking and running, each at two speeds. We hypothesized differences in speed would drive changes in variability, while adopting different gaits would drive changes in how people regulated stepping. Ten healthy adults walked/ran on a treadmill under four conditions: walk or run at comfortable speed, and walk or run at their predicted walk-to-run transition speed. Time series of relevant stride parameters were analyzed to quantify variability and stride-to-stride error-correction dynamics within a Goal-Equivalent Manifold (GEM) framework. In all conditions, participants’ stride-to-stride control respected a constant-speed GEM strategy. At each consecutively faster speed, variability tangent to the GEM increased (p ≤ 0.031), while variability perpendicular to the GEM decreased (p ≤ 0.044). There were no differences (p ≥ 0.999) between gaits at the transition speed. Differences in speed determined how stepping variability was structured, independent of gait, confirming our first hypothesis. For running versus walking, measures of GEM-relevant statistical persistence were significantly less (p ≤ 0.004), but showed minimal-to-no speed differences (0.069 ≤ p ≤ 0.718). When running, people corrected deviations both more quickly and more directly, each indicating tighter control. Thus, differences in gait determined how stride-to-stride fluctuations were regulated , independent of speed, confirming our second hypothesis.
Striatal synaptosomes from Hdh140Q/140Q knock-in mice have altered protein levels, novel sites of methionine oxidation, and excess glutamate release after stimulation.

Background: Synaptic connections are disrupted in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD). Synaptosomes from postmortem brain are ideal for synaptic function studies because they are enriched in pre- and post-synaptic proteins important in vesicle fusion, vesicle release, and neurotransmitter receptor activation.
Sliding-mode control of automotive selective catalytic reduction systems with state estimation:

A sliding-mode controller for an automotive selective catalytic reduction system is designed to drive its ammonia surface coverage ratio to the target level. The proposed controller only requires N...
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with inhalation injury treated at a military burn center during U.S. combat operations.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for mortality in burned patients with inhalation injury (II). We further sought to compare a cohort of burned military service members to civilian patients with II. Methods We identified patients treated at our burn center over a 10-year period. Demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes were compared between patients with and without II. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the impact of patient characteristics and II grade on mortality. Results 3791 patients treated at our burn center met study inclusion criteria. 424 (11.2%) patients were diagnosed with II [II(+)]. Age, % total body surface area (TBSA) burned, % full thickness burned, intensive care unit (ICU) days, hospital days, and mortality were all greater in II(+) patients. Separating the II(+) patients into military and civilian groups, there was a higher incidence of grade 4 II and higher mortality for grades 2–4 II in military patients. Analyses demonstrated that military service was associated with increased mortality in II(+) patients. The bronchoscopic grade of II did not have an association with mortality in this population. Conclusions II(+) patients were older, had larger burns, needed more ICU and hospital days, and had higher mortality rates. Among II(+) patients, military affiliation was associated with more severe II and increased mortality. Establishment of an objective grading system for II that is associated with mortality is a meaningful future research endeavor.
Combined peridynamic and finite element analyses for failure prediction in periodic and partially periodic perforated structures

Abstract This study presents an approach for predicting the displacement and stress fields in fully-periodic or partially-periodic perforated structures. The distance between the cells of perforation can be thick or thin with or without an outer frame. Employing the concepts from micromechanics and mechanics of structural genome, a perforated structure can be modeled as an imperforated structure by employing traditional finite elements with effective material properties. The effective material property matrix is determined by applying the peridynamic unit cell (PDUC) model to the repeating perforation (cell). The prediction of stress field and failure process in the unit cell referred to as “dehomogenization’ is achieved by constructing its PD model subjected to displacement constraints from the analysis of imperforated structure. Both the PD and FE analyses are performed by employing only the built-in elements of a commercial finite element software, ANSYS. After demonstrating the computational framework and verifying the predictions, a complex partially-perforated circular glass filter is modeled for the stress field and failure characteristics. Although the glass filters are commonly two-dimensional in nature, the present approach is suitable for three-dimensional analysis of structures with a periodic architecture.
Sub-Mesoscale Modeling of Environmental Variability in a Shelf-Slope Region and the Effect on Acoustic Fluctuations

A coupled oceanographic/acoustic simulation model is under development for studying the relationship between acoustic field variability and dynamic oceanographic processes in a continental shelf/slope environment. The oceanographic component of the model involves numerical integration of the non-linear hydrodynamic equations of motion describing density, temperature and salinity distributions as a function of space and time. This component includes sub-mesoscale dynamics, allowing for the generation and propagation of non-hydrostatically generated phenomena such as tidally driven internal tides and solitary waves. Results are mapped into the corresponding sound speed distribution, and the resulting set of time evolved sound speed fields is used as input to a wide-angle parabolic equation that computes the acoustic field propagating through the environment. The general approach is discussed, and an illustrative result is presented that links acoustic field variability to specific oceanographic features.
Multiple Iterations of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Ablation of Brain Metastases: Single Surgeon's Experience and Review of the Literature.

Background Prior treatment with magnetic resonance-guided, laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) is widely assumed not to be a contraindication for further treatment of brain lesions, including further iterations of LITT. However, the safety and efficacy of repeat LITT treatments have never been formally investigated. Objective To evaluate treatment with multiple iterations of LITT. Methods All patients treated with LITT at least twice at our institution were included in the study. Outcomes and neurological examinations from before and after surgery were retrospectively examined from clinic notes. Perilesonal edema was determined at various timepoints using volumetric data derived from manual tracings of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, a literature review of prior cases of repeat LITT was performed. Results A total of 9 patients underwent 18 treatments with LITT; all but 1 of whom were treated for metastatic brain lesions. One patient had a transient cerebrospinal fluid leak, whereas a second patient had a superficial wound infection, both of which resolved with standard medical care. The remaining 7 patients tolerated all LITT procedures without complication. Analysis of perilesional edema volume demonstrated a correlation with the amount of energy delivered during LITT. Literature review found 5 published papers describing 9 patients who underwent LITT more than once, the majority of whom tolerated repeat LITT well. Conclusion LITT is a safe and promising treatment modality and may be used multiple times without issue. There appears to be an association between the amount of energy delivered during a LITT session and the degree of postoperative perilesional edema.
A Passively Mode-Locked Quantum Dot Laser with 10.8 Tbit/s Transmission over 100-km SSMF

We demonstrate 10.8 Tbit/s (16-QAM 48×28 GBaud PDM) coherent data transmission over 100-km of standard single mode fiber using an InAs/InP quantum dot mode-locked laser with a channel spacing of 34.2 GHz.
FISHING: How the Sea Fed Civilization. By BRIAN FAGAN. 346 pp.; maps, ills., notes, index. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017. $30.00 (cloth). ISBN 9780300215342.

The historical geography of global fishing cultures is the monumental objective of the recent book by Brian Fagan, a well‐known historical archaeologist at the University of California, Santa Barba...
99 – Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the premenstrual mood changes. Frank more specifically identified physical, psychological, and behavioral changes corresponding to monthly changes in reproductive hormones in 1931. Public awareness of the concurrent change in mood with phases of the menstrual cycle has increased markedly since the 1980s. The media have disseminated a wide body of information shaping a societal notion of what is popularly termed premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Definitions for PMS have varied widely. Typically, PMS is defined through a large number of symptoms, including irritability, tension, fatigue, dysphoria, distractibility, impaired motor coordination, changes in eating and sleeping, and libido changes, which occur in the late luteal phase and remit after the beginning of menstruation.
Abstract 15095: CSHA Frailty Scale as a Predictor of Hospital Readmission After PCI

Introduction: The Canadian Study on Health and Aging (CSHA) Frailty Scale was included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry’s (NCDR) CathPCI registry beginning April 2018. The value of this...
Filtering spatial point patterns using kernel densities

Abstract Understanding spatial inhomogeneity and clustering in point patterns arises in many contexts, ranging from disease outbreak monitoring to analyzing radiologically-based emphysema in biomedical images. This can often involve classifying individual points as being part of a feature/cluster or as being part of a background noise process. Existing methods for this task can struggle when there are differences in the size and/or density of individual clusters. In this work, we propose employing kernel density estimates of the underlying point process density function, using an existing data-driven approach to bandwidth selection, to separate feature points from noise. This is achieved by constructing a null distribution, either through asymptotic properties or Monte Carlo simulation, and comparing kernel density estimates to a given quantile of this distribution. We demonstrate that our method, termed Kernel Density and Simulation based Filtering (KDS-Filt), showed superior performance to existing alternative approaches, especially when there is inhomogeneity in cluster sizes and density. We also show the utility of KDS-Filt for identifying clinically relevant information about the spatial distribution of emphysema in lung computed tomography scans. The KDS-Filt methodology is available as part of the sncp R package, which can be downloaded at https://github.com/stop-pre16/sncp .
The Inflation of Black Crime Statistics: Age-Adjusted Rates Paint a More Accurate Picture

This study exposes how traditional murder rate statistics misleadingly inflate the black murder rate. This is due to the shorter life expectancy of blacks which results in disproportionate numbers in younger age groups where the majority of criminal perpetrators are located. This first-of-its-kind research demonstrates that when age disparities are adjusted for, crime rate disparities between blacks and whites are reduced by 28%. This is significant because misleading crime statistics are often presented as evidence to justify policing practices that disproportionately affect blacks. Also discussed is the role politicians and the media play in disseminating racial distortions regarding crime. Additionally, potential explanations are provided for why misleading non-age-adjusted murder rates are used. Finally, potential explanations for an unexpected finding of the research are examined, which helps illuminate the race and crime connection more broadly.
Handbook of transparent conductors

Introduction to TC materials and their applicatons, key properties and needs.- Opto-electronic models of TC materials - the physics description.- Characterization of TC Materials.- TC device applications current and emerging.- In based TCOs.- Sn based.- Zn based.- Ternary, Quaternary and higher materials.- Organic TCs.- Non-conventional materials.- Transparent Electronics.- Nano-structured TCs (ZnO, TiO2, etc.).- Environmental and Economic Aspects.- Appendix. TCO properties and summary data
Monoclonal Antibodies to Synaptic Constituents

The major goal of our laboratory is to understand how chemical synapses are formed, maintained, and modified during development. We are trying to delineate the sequence of events that occurs during synapse formation and identify the molecular changes that underlie this sequence of interaction between defined neuronal and target types.
The amino acid sequence of the A protein (alpha subunit) of the tryptophan synthetase of Escherichia coli. IV. The cyanogen bromide fragments of the A protein.

Abstract Cyanogen bromide treatment of the tryptophan synthetase A protein (α subunit) of Escherichia coli gave five major fragments, as was expected from the number of methionine residues in the polypeptide chain. Three of the fragments were isolated by chromatography on Dowex 50; their combined amino acid content accounted for 34 residues. The other two fragments contained a total of 233 residues; they were obtained in pure form by preparative electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel columns. The amino acid composition of each of the five fragments was in agreement with the composition of the tryptic peptides identified as components of each fragment. The order of the fragments in the A protein was determined, and definitive information was obtained on the order of several tryptic peptides. These results further establish that the tryptophan synthetase A protein is a single polypeptide chain containing 267 amino acid residues.
The Cultivation of Sexual Violence inside Prison Walls

Looking for dry prevalence rates of prison rape? You will not find it in The Myth of Prison Rape. Instead, this unique book offers a solid glimpse into inmate sexual culture. “Myth” in this case do...
Coordinating resource usage through adaptive service provisioning in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) exhibit high levels of network dynamics and consist of devices with limited energy. This results in the need to coordinate applications not only at the functional level, as is traditionally done, but also in terms of resource utilization. In this paper, we present a middleware that does this using adaptive service provisioning. Novel service binding strategies automatically adapt application behavior when opportunities for energy savings surface, and switch providers when the network topology changes. The former is accomplished by providing limited information about the energy consumption associated with using various services, systematically exploiting opportunities for sharing service invocations, and exploiting the broadcast nature of wireless communication in WSNs. The middleware has been implemented and evaluated on two disparate WSN platforms, the TelosB and Imote2. Empirical results show that adaptive service provisioning can enable energy-aware service binding decisions that result in increased energy efficiency and significantly increase service availability, while imposing minimal additional burden on the application, service, and device developers. Two applications, medical patient monitoring and structural health monitoring, demonstrate the middleware's efficacy.
Nuclear Reaction Analysis and Proton-Induced Gamma Ray Emission

Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and proton- (particle-) induced gamma ray emission (PIGE) are based on the interaction of energetic (from a few hundred kilo-electron-volt to several mega-electron-volt) ions with light nuclei. Every nuclear analytical technique that uses nuclear reactions has a unique feature—isotope sensitivity. Therefore, it is insensitive to matrix effects, and there is much less interference than in methods where signals from different elements overlap. In NRA the nuclear reaction produces charged particles, while in PIGE the excited nucleus emits gamma rays. Sometimes the charged particle emission and the gamma ray emission occur simultaneously. Both NRA and PIGE measure the concentration and depth distribution of elements in the surface layer (few micrometers) of the sample. Both techniques are limited by the available nuclear reactions. Generally, they can be used for only light elements, up to calcium. This is the basis for an important property of these methods: the nuclear reaction technique is one of the few analytical techniques that can quantitatively measure hydrogen profiles in solids. Since these techniques are sensitive to the nuclei in the sample, they are unable to provide information about the chemical states and bonds of the elements in the sample. For the same reason they cannot provide information about the microscopic structure of the sample. Combined with channeling, NRA or PIGE can provide information about the location of the measured element in a crystalline lattice. The sensitivity and depth resolution of these methods depend on the specific nuclear reaction. Although NRA and PIGE are quantitative, in most cases standards have to be used. These techniques require a particle accelerator capable of accelerating ions up to several mega-electron-volts. This limits their availability to laboratories dedicated to these methods or that have engaged in low-energy nuclear physics in the past (i.e., they have a particle accelerator that is no longer adequate for modern nuclear physics experiments because of its low energy but is quite suitable for nuclear analytical techniques). This article concentrates on the specific aspects of these two nuclear analytical techniques. Keywords: competitive techniques; complementary techniques; nuclear reaction aalysis(NRA); indued gamma ray emission(PIGE); principles; nonresonant methods; resonant depth profiling; practical aspects; nonresonant depth profiling; resonant depth profiling; specimen modification; problems