cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Conceptualization and Measurement of Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction.

The development and testing of a measure of interpersonal communication satisfaction is reported. In the first stage, Likert-style items were constructed from two types of questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and previous empirical and theoretical work in the satisfaction field. During the second stage, items were tested by applying them to ideally satisfying and dissatisfying conversations. The third stage consisted of further item analyses and factor analysis. The final stage generated reliability and validity information. The resulting 19-item, unidimensional inventory exhibited a high degree of reliability and validity when used to measure communication satisfaction with actual and recalled conversations with another perceived to be a friend, acquaintance, or stranger.
Location Theory, Dominance, and Convexity

This paper explores the nature of optimal solutions to a plant-location problem on a plane under general distance measures. It develops conditions that guarantee an optimal location of a facility to lie in the convex hull of source and destination points. The effect of restricting the solution to some predetermined set is explored. The development is based on a generalization of Kuhn's characterization of a convex hull by dominance. When a "Manhattan" norm is employed, it is shown to be sufficient to consider, as optimal locations, the finite number of "intersection points" in the convex hull.
Circadian Rhythms of Body Temperature in Laboratory and Field Marmots (Marmota flaviventris)

For many years, investigators have questioned whether circadian rhythms continue to be expressed in mammals that hibernate when body temperature (Tb) is low. We have examined the circadian rhythm of Tb in marmots (Marmota flaviventris) under laboratory and field conditions during the winter hibernation period. Using temperature data loggers that were implanted in animals, Tb measurements were continuously recorded for up 2 years. We found that animals in the laboratory continued to manifest a circadian rhythm of Tb prior to hibernating, during deep hibernation, and after arousal from hibernation. Whereas animals in the field had robust circadian rhythms of Tb prior to hibernation, we were not able to detect a Tb rhythm during deep hibernation. We did find a diurnal rhythm of Tb once field animals had aroused for the last time in the spring and came above ground. In fact, we were able to determine when field animals must have been exposed to light, because they were entrained to the daily light-dark cycle. Our results suggest that in the laboratory, animals may be picking up cues and their Tb rhythm free-runs with a period close to 24hr. The fact that we found no circadian rhythm of Tb in our field animals that were in constant dark and very quiet conditions suggests that the circadian pacemaker is uncoupled from the Tb rhythm or is so damped that the output cannot be detected. We believe that circadian system is nonfunctional during deep hibernation under natural conditions.
The Apparatus of Modern and Early Modern Science

The apparatus of early modern and modern science, from singular specimens to large artifact classes, beckon archaeological research. We can ask a host of archaeological and historical questions and seek answers with the aid of behavioral concepts, generalizations, and heuristic tools applied to apparatus. The examples in this chapter include (1) life history narratives and Otto von Guericke’s “electrical machine,” (2) assessing the cognitive equivalence between Michael Faraday’s “motor” and Joseph Henry’s “teeter-totter,” (3) studying the design of museum artifacts, with a focus on Thomas Davenport’s electric motor, (4) treating project apparatus as an artifact assemblage (Du Fay and the law of charges; Humphry Davy and the discovery of chemical elements), and (5) functional differentiation in a class of apparatus, the eighteenth-century electrical machine.
Rewriting complex SPARQL analytical queries for efficient cloud-based processing

Many emerging Semantic Web applications combine and aggregate data across domains for analysis. Such analytical queries compute aggregates over multiple groupings of data, resulting in query plans with complex grouping-aggregation constraints. In the context of an RDF analytical query, each such grouping maps to a graph pattern subquery with multiple join operations, and related groups often result in overlapping graph patterns within the same query. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach to optimize RDF analytical queries by refactoring queries to achieve shared execution of common subexpressions that enables parallel evaluation of groupings as well as aggregations. Such a rewriting enables shorter execution workflows, particularly beneficial for scale-out processing on distributed Cloud systems with multiple I/O phases. Experiments on real-world and synthetic benchmarks confirm that such a rewriting can achieve more efficient execution plans when compared to relational-style SPARQL query plans executed on popular (Cloud systems.
The Growth and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Thin Film on Fused Silica and SiO2/Si(100) Substrates

In this work, ZnO thin films were grown on amorphous fused silica and pre-oxidized silicon substrates by using pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the films were highly crystalline and c-axis oriented. The surface morphologies of the films were observed by using scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Free exciton absorption was observed at room temperature for the film grown on fused silica substrate. The strong near-UV luminescence peaked at 380 nm were observed for all the films and was attributed to the phonon-related exciton emission. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the luminescence intensity is also reported.
Ion diffusion coefficients through polyelectrolyte multilayers: temperature and charge dependence.

The diffusion coefficient is a fundamental parameter for devices exploiting the ion transport properties of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMUs) and complexes. Here, the transport of ferricyanide through a multilayer made from poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMA) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) was studied as a function of temperature or salt concentration. Accurate and precise measurements of ion diffusion coefficients were obtained using steady-state electrochemistry to determine the flux and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to measure the PEMU concentration. It was found that the concentration of ferricyanide inside the film decreased with temperature. Membrane transport is strongly thermally activated with activation energy 98 kJ mol–1. A potential shift with decreasing salt concentration in cyclic voltammograms was translated into a differential flux caused by significantly higher diffusion coefficients for ferricyanide as compared to ferrocyanide.
High-throughput investigation of catalysts for JP-8 fuel cracking to liquefied petroleum gas

Portable power technologies for military applications necessitate the production of fuels similar to LPG from existing feedstocks. Catalytic cracking of military jet fuel to form a mixture of C2–C4 hydrocarbons was investigated using high-throughput experimentation. Cracking experiments were performed in a gas-phase, 16-sample high-throughput reactor. Zeolite ZSM-5 catalysts with low Si/Al ratios (≤25) demonstrated the highest production of C2–C4 hydrocarbons at moderate reaction temperatures (623–823 K). ZSM-5 catalysts were optimized for JP-8 cracking activity to LPG through varying reaction temperature and framework Si/Al ratio. The reducing atmosphere required during catalytic cracking resulted in coking of the catalyst and a commensurate decrease in conversion rate. Rare earth metal promoters for ZSM-5 catalysts were screened to reduce coking deactivation rates, while noble metal promoters reduced onset temperatures for coke burnoff regeneration.
Nebulised hypertonic saline may be less effective than previously reported in reducing hospital length of stay and admission rate in acute bronchiolitis

Commentary on : Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Klassen TP, et al. Nebulized hypertonic saline for acute bronchiolitis: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2015;136:687–701.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Acute bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalisation of infants. There is no specific therapy that provides consistent benefit. Nebulised hypertonic saline (HS) may be theoretically effective by improving mucociliary clearance, and reducing airway oedema and mucus viscosity. HS has been investigated as a therapeutic intervention in multiple studies, with inconsistent results. A 2013 Cochrane meta-analysis concluded that HS is a safe and effective treatment for acute bronchiolitis.1 This analysis of 11 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (1090 infants) found a 1.15 days (95% CI 0.82 to 1.49) shorter mean hospital length of stay (LOS) in those treated with HS compared with normal saline (NS). Although initially promising, subsequent RCTs have shown that HS may not be as effective as … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatrics%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1542%252Fpeds.2015-1914%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26416925%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=pediatrics&resid=136/4/687&atom=%2Febmed%2F21%2F4%2F143.atom
Effect of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy on Prostate Specific Antigen Following Radical Prostatectomy

AbstractA total of 21 patients received adjuvant radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy for a persistently detectable prostate specific antigen value (more than 0.6 ng. per ml.) postoperatively. Adjuvant radiation therapy decreased serum prostate specific antigen values to the undetectable range in 6 of 21 patients (29%) all of whom have remained free of tumor recurrence with a mean followup of 12.6 months (range 6 to 30). Three patients initially showed a decrease in serum prostate specific antigen to undetectable levels but they subsequently demonstrated an increasing level within 12 months after adjuvant radiation therapy. Additionally, 7 of 13 patients whose prostate specific antigen values remained in the detectable range despite adjuvant radiation therapy have had clinical evidence of tumor recurrence. Further followup will be required to determine what ultimate impact adjuvant radiation therapy will have on survival free of tumor.
[Review of: E.F. Fischer, P. Benson (2006) Broccoli and desire: global connections and Maya struggles in postwar Guatemala]

(2010). Broccoli and Desire by Edward F. Fischer and Peter Benson. Food, Culture & Society: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 299-302.
Use of coconut fibre reinforced concrete and coconut-fibre ropes for seismic-resistant construction

Earthquake-resistant and economical housing is the most desirable need in rural areas of developing countries. These regions often suffer significant loss of life during a seismic event. To enable an efficient and cost-effective solution, a new concept of construction, i.e. a wallette of interlocking blocks with movability at the interface and rope reinforcement, is investigated. The novel interlocking block is made of coconut fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC). The reason for using coconut fibre is their highest toughness amongst natural fibres. This paper describes the in-plane behaviour of the interlocking wallette under earthquake loadings. The wallette response is measured in terms of induced acceleration, block uplift, top maximum relative displacement and rope tension. The applied earthquake loadings cannot produce any damage in the structure, i.e. blocks and/or ropes. The response of the wallette is explained in detail along with correlation of materials aspect with structural behaviour.
Single Molecule Imaging of p53's Dynamic Interaction with Chromatin

P53 is a transcriptional activator that binds to its response elements (REs) on target promoters and activates expression of a large number of genes involved in tumor suppression. Previous genome-wide studies showed that p53 binds to its REs in regions densely populated with nucleosomes. However, it is unknown how p53 accesses its target REs in the context of chromatin to regulate transcription.To better decipher the interaction of p53 with chromatin targets, we utilized a combination of in vivo live cell and in vitro single molecule imaging along with bioinformatics and Next Generation Proteomic screens. Our live cell imaging studies indicate a dynamic interaction between p53 and chromatin that varies in distinct sub-nuclear compartments. In vitro, p53 binds a mononucleosome on a native p53 target gene with nearly identical residence times as our live cell measurements. Strikingly, p53 has a higher affinity for its RE when incorporated into nucleosomes compared to an RE on naked DNA, suggesting a novel role for p53 as a pioneer factor. In addition, p53 transiently interacts and alters the structure of nucleosomal DNA, presumably to facilitate access of additional p53 bound chromatin modifiers.Bioinformatic analysis reveal that p53 REs cluster specifically within 2 regions of the nucleosome. Interestingly, p53 interacts with peptides that have strong homology to histones H2A, H2B, and H4 in our next generation proteomic screens. Furthermore based upon crystal structures, these histone peptides are adjacent to the clustered p53 REs, strongly suggesting localization of two physiologically relevant binding platforms for p53 on the nucleosome. Collectively, our studies indicate that p53/histone contacts combined with p53's interaction with REs may enhance p53 directed transcription by creating a stable multivalent platform for p53's recruitment to target promoters.
Functional genomic analyses of Enterobacter, Anopheles and Plasmodium reciprocal interactions that impact vector competence.

Malaria exerts a tremendous socioeconomic impact worldwide despite current control efforts, and novel disease transmission-blocking strategies are urgently needed. The Enterobacter bacterium Esp_Z, which is naturally harboured in the mosquito midgut, can inhibit the development of Plasmodium parasites prior to their invasion of the midgut epithelium through a mechanism that involves oxidative stress. Here, a multifaceted approach is used to study the tripartite interactions between the mosquito, Esp_Z and Plasmodium, towards addressing the feasibility of using sugar-baited exposure of mosquitoes to the Esp_Z bacterium for interruption of malaria transmission. The ability of Esp_Z to colonize Anopheles gambiae midguts harbouring microbiota derived from wild mosquitoes was determined by qPCR. Upon introduction of Esp_Z via nectar feeding, the permissiveness of colonized mosquitoes to Plasmodium falciparum infection was determined, as well as the impact of Esp_Z on mosquito fitness parameters, such as longevity, number of eggs laid and number of larvae hatched. The genome of Esp_Z was sequenced, and transcriptome analyses were performed to identify bacterial genes that are important for colonization of the mosquito midgut, as well as for ROS-production. A gene expression analysis of members of the oxidative defence pathway of Plasmodium berghei was also conducted to assess the parasite’s oxidative defence response to Esp_Z exposure. Esp_Z persisted for up to 4 days in the An. gambiae midgut after introduction via nectar feeding, and was able to significantly inhibit Plasmodium sporogonic development. Introduction of this bacterium did not adversely affect mosquito fitness. Candidate genes involved in the selection of a better fit Esp_Z to the mosquito midgut environment and in its ability to condition oxidative status of its surroundings were identified, and parasite expression data indicated that Esp_Z is able to induce a partial and temporary shutdown of the ookinetes antioxidant response. Esp_Z is capable of inhibiting sporogonic development of Plasmodium in the presence of the mosquito’s native microbiota without affecting mosquito fitness. Several candidate bacterial genes are likely mediating midgut colonization and ROS production, and inhibition of Plasmodium development appears to involve a shutdown of the parasite’s oxidative defence system. A better understanding of the complex reciprocal tripartite interactions can facilitate the development and optimization of an Esp_Z-based malaria control strategy.
Identifying biomarkers for asthma diagnosis using targeted metabolomics approaches.

Abstract Background The diagnosis of asthma in children is challenging and relies on a combination of clinical factors and biomarkers including methacholine challenge, lung function, bronchodilator responsiveness, and presence of airway inflammation. No single test is diagnostic. We sought to identify a pattern of inflammatory biomarkers that was unique to asthma using a targeted metabolomics approach combined with data science methods. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study of 100 children living in a peri-urban community in Lima, Peru. We defined cases as children with current asthma, and controls as children with no prior history of asthma and normal lung function. We further categorized enrollment following a factorial design to enroll equal numbers of children as either overweight or not. We obtained a fasting venous blood sample to characterize a comprehensive panel of targeted markers using a metabolomics approach based on high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results A statistical comparison of targeted metabolites between children with asthma (n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 49) revealed distinct patterns in relative concentrations of several metabolites: children with asthma had approximately 40–50% lower relative concentrations of ascorbic acid, 2-isopropylmalic acid, shikimate-3-phosphate, and 6-phospho-d-gluconate when compared to children without asthma, and 70% lower relative concentrations of reduced glutathione (all p 13 077 normalized counts/second and betaine ≤ 16 47 121 normalized counts/second). Conclusions By using a metabolomics approach applied to serum, we were able to discriminate between children with and without asthma by revealing different metabolic patterns. These results suggest that serum metabolomics may represent a diagnostic tool for asthma and may be helpful for distinguishing asthma phenotypes.
Enabling recipe automation for non SECS/GEM semiconductor assembly machines.

In today's semiconductor manufacturing, recipe is a very important portion of the machine system. With that in mind, there is a huge demand to enable recipe automation. Recipe automation here basically covers the download and upload of a process program. The download refers to downloading from the host to the machine, while the upload is referring to transfer of process program from the machine to the host. For a non-SECS/GEM machine (i.e., one that does not support communication to the host) this will be a challenge. The main objective of performing recipe automation is to ensure that the correct recipe is being used during the bonding process. With this, we can eliminate mis-processing that is due to loading the wrong recipe.
Moving the Goalposts: Prevention of Atrial Arrhythmias After Congenital Heart Surgery.

Atrial arrhythmias have for decades been recognized as a principal late complication of the Fontan procedure. A specific connection between the 2 was recognized soon after the procedure emerged as a standard clinical pathway for patients with single ventricle physiology. Intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) is a major cause of morbidity in the form of recurring symptoms and need for medical intervention in these patients.1 Early on, risk factors for future IART were identified, most notably the occurrence of atrial arrhythmia in the perioperative period.2 The relationships between organized atrial tachycardias and comorbidities such as thromboembolism, heart failure, and mortality have been investigated and are now well established.3 These observational associations were established through retrospective studies, which could not allow for attribution of causality. Despite this weakness of this type of clinical evidence, IART has been clearly identified in multiple concordant studies as one of the bad actors predictive of poor long-term outcome in patients undergoing the Fontan procedure. See Article by Law et al This association of arrhythmia with a specific congenital heart operation has been vigorously pursued by surgeons and electrophysiologists as a potentially modifiable factor, which could perhaps be exploited in an attempt to avoid late occurrence of IART. There is a well-known relationship between atrial myocardial injury and atrial flutter, and experimental surgical models that mimic the atrial manipulations used by congenital heart surgeons are reliable and potent promoters of reentrant tachycardia. This suggests that carefully designed changes in how the atrial myocardium is managed at the time of Fontan surgery could perhaps preempt and favorably alter the observed arrhythmogenic process. One such approach proposed as means by which arrhythmia prophylaxis (along with other theoretical hemodynamic benefits) could be achieved is to exclude the right atrium altogether, by using an extracardiac conduit to complete …
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET): An Important Tool in the Management of Infection in Patients with Hematological Cancer.

Background: FDG-PET is useful for detecting cancer (ca) sites and preliminary data suggest a role in bone and joint infection, mostly in non-immunosuppressed hosts. Purpose: To determine the role of FDG-PET in the management of infection in patients (pts) with hematological ca. Patients and Methods: Between 10/01/2001 and 5/31/2004, FDG-PET scans performed for ca staging and /or for the diagnosis of suspected infection that were reported as showing increased radiotracer uptake at extramedullary sites were reviewed. Results of FDG-PET were correlated with clinical and laboratory findings to identify episodes of infection. Results: 184 infections were documented by FDG-PET in 164 pts (90% multiple myeloma). Median age was 58 years (range 25–79) and 108 pts were males. 59 pts were neutropenic (<1000 neutrophils/ml) and 32 had severe immunosuppression (neutrophils, lymphocytes and / or CD4 counts <100 cells/ml).FDG-PET identified respiratory tract infections (118; including pneumonia/empyema, 112 and sinusitis, 6), vascular infections (27; septic thrombophlebitis (STP), 16 and infection of implantable catheter, 11), discitis / osteomyelitis (19), gastrointestinal tract infections (10; colitis, 5; diverticulitis and abdominal abscess (2 each) and esophagitis, 1), periodontal abscesses (10), cellulitis (2) and mastoiditis (1). 59 infections were microbiologically documented including bacterial (42), fungal (13), viral and mycobacterial (2 each). FDG-PET detected infectious foci despite severe immunosuppression (32 episodes). FDG-PET contributed to pt management including identification of the presence and site of infection (77), determination of its extent (81), modification of the diagnostic work-up and /or therapy (71) and evaluation of response (79). 58 clinically silent infections were detected among pts undergoing FDG-PET for ca staging. Conclusion: In pts with hematological ca, FDG-PET is a useful tool for establishing the presence, site (s), and extent of infection with various pathogens and in various organs, even in the setting of severe immunosuppression. FDG-PET can identify clinically silent infections and infections not detectable by other methods (such as STP) and can result in significant changes in pt management.
At freedom’s limit: Islam and the postcolonial predicament

Sadia Abbas’s At Freedom’s Limit is a cultural critique of what she terms “new Islam”: “a name, a discursive site, a flexible and simultaneously constrained signifier, indeed a geopolitical agon in...
Measuring Innovativeness of Public Organizations: Using Natural Language Processing Techniques

Our study builds upon the theoretical and methodological developments in generic management theory to propose a new method for measuring innovativeness. The study context is public school districts...
Military consequences of cultural perceptions: The Spanish army in Morocco, 1912–1927

ABSTRACTThis article examines the impact of cultural perceptions on military operations, using the history of the Spanish army in Morocco as a case study. Emphasizing what they regarded as the fundamentally non-Western character of indigenous North African warfare, top Spanish officers initially doubted the applicability of European military methods in Morocco. They also erroneously attributed a “native” quality to military practices that Europeans themselves had brought to the Maghreb, such as the razzia in its modern, colonial form. Cultural prejudices about Moroccan capabilities contributed to the massive rout of Spanish forces in 1921 near the Rifian settlement of Anwal (Annual)—the greatest defeat of any colonial army in twentieth-century Africa. After Anwal, the Spanish army’s dominant cultural conceptions evolved, as influential officers increasingly championed the viability of European military methods in North Africa, took steps to “de-exoticize” the Moroccan enemy, and stressed similarities rath...
Vase-shaped microfossils from the Tonian Callison Lake Formation of Yukon, Canada: taxonomy, taphonomy and stratigraphic palaeobiology

Vase-shaped microfossils (VSMs), interpreted as the remains of testate amoebae, are found in late Tonian sedimentary rocks around the world. Here we explore the taxonomy, taphonomy and stratigraphical occurrence of VSMs from the Callison Lake Formation of the Coal Creek inlier, Yukon, Canada. Found in silicified black shale horizons and stromatolitic dolostone, sedimentological data suggest these VSMs inhabited a series of marine embayments characterized by lagoonal and/or shelf interior depositional environments. The fossiliferous strata have recently been dated with Re–Os geochronology at c. 753–740 Ma, which indicates they are not only coeval with diverse VSM assemblages described in the Chuar Group of Grand Canyon, Arizona, but also provides supportive evidence for the early diversification of eukaryotic clades prior to the Sturtian age Snowball Earth event (c. 717–660 Ma). Petrographic examination of well-preserved specimens reveal taxa comparable to those from the Chuar Group, as well as two previously undescribed species. Species overlapping with Chuar Group VSMs are Bonniea dacruchares, Bonniea pytinaia, Cycliocyrillium simplex, Cycliocyrillium torquata, Melanocyrillium hexodiadema and Palaeoarcella athanata. New taxa described here are Bonniea makrokurtos and Cycliocyrillium rootsi. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic data reveal that the Callison Lake microfossils are preserved through a variety of taphonomic pathways, including silicification, infilling, authigenic mineralization and dolomitization. We explore the utility of M. hexodiadema as a latest Tonian biostratigraphical marker and examine the role of Callison Lake sequence stratigraphy as a control on the distribution and abundance of VSMs in the Coal Creek inlier and other global sedimentary successions.
Vasopressin and Hemodynamic Effects on the Neonate

Hemodynamic disturbances are prevalent in the neonatal population; however, despite this, no consensus exists regarding treatment algorithms for the most common conditions. Vasopressin is frequently used in adults and older children, but its use in neonates has been limited. This is primarily because of concerns about ischemic events including necrotizing enterocolitis as well as a paucity of evidence and experience in this population. More literature in neonates has become available in the last few years but currently only includes case reports, reviews, and small prospective studies on vasopressin use for treating hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, and after cardiac surgery. These reports suggest benefit with vasopressin for these indications; however, publication bias and small sample sizes limit the ability to definitively apply the results into practice. Large multicenter randomized trials are needed to validate findings and to assist neonatologists in determining the ideal treatment algorithms for various hemodynamic disorders of the neonate.
Women and the Imago Dei: Gender Ontology in St. Augustine’s Thought

To rebuild gender relations in the church we need to unpack the source of the current complementarian beliefs, which take their origin in the teachings of the church fathers. In this interpretative paper, I will attempt to provide a new reading of St. Augustine’s philosophy regarding women in light of The Trinity and City of God. It is my argument that Augustine has a twofold vision of the Imago Dei in humans. One based on the rational “inner man” —in which women do not participate— and another based on shared humanity. In this view women retain their own and independent part in the image of God and have their own unique and necessary role in earthly affairs. I further compare gender relation to Augustine’s vision of relation between celibacy and married life, as one focuses towards the spiritual, the other towards temporal. Both are equally good in God’s eyes, for both are based on calling and necessity. One is, however, the preferred option and appointed for leadership over the other.
Willingness to pay for irrigation water when groundwater is scarce

Abstract Conversion to surface water irrigation is one of the critical initiatives to address the decline in groundwater supply. A double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey is used to estimate producers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for surface water supplied by irrigation districts in Arkansas, United States. The estimated mean WTP for irrigation water is 2.7 ¢/m3 ($33.21/acre-foot). Comparison indicates a significant share of producers are likely to have higher WTPs for surface water than the average pumping cost in the study area. Producers located in areas with less groundwater resources have higher WTPs. Producers that are more concerned with a water shortage occurring in the state in the next 10 years have higher WTPs. A somewhat unexpected result is that participation in the Conservation Reserve Program predicts lower WTPs. One possible explanation is that farmers see the transfer of land out of crop production as a more viable financial decision when groundwater supply decreases.
Frontal lesions predict response to prism adaptation treatment in spatial neglect: A randomised controlled study

Spatial neglect commonly follows right hemisphere stroke. It is defined as impaired contralesional stimulus detection, response, or action, causing functional disability. While prism adaptation treatment is highly promising to promote functional recovery of spatial neglect, not all individuals respond. Consistent with a primary effect of prism adaptation on spatial movements, we previously demonstrated that functional improvement after prism adaptation treatment is linked to frontal lobe lesions. However, that study was a treatment-only study with no randomised control group. The current study randomised individuals with spatial neglect to receive 10 days of prism adaptation treatment or to receive only standard care (control group). Replicating our earlier results, we found that the presence of frontal lesions moderated response to prism adaptation treatment: among prism-treated patients, only those with frontal lesions demonstrated functional improvements in their neglect symptoms. Conversely, among individuals in the standard care control group, the presence of frontal lesions did not modify recovery. These results suggest that further research is needed on how frontal lesions may predict response to prism adaptation treatment. Additionally, the results help elucidate the neural network involved in spatial movement and could be used to aid decisions about treatment.
Estimation of asphalt concrete modulus using the ultrasonic pulse velocity test

AbstractThe mechanical dynamic modulus test was used to determine the dynamic moduli of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) with and without different types of fibers, and master curves were developed. The ultra...
Verifying Implementation of the Dryden Turbulence Model and MIL-F-8785 Gust Gradient

Turbulence modeling in human-in-the-loop simulation is important to assessing aircraft handling qualities and pilot performance and to provide additional realism for pilot training. In the simulation community, the Dryden turbulence spectra is a popular choice for modeling the linear turbulent gusts because its rational form is efficiently reproduced by passing white noise through linear filters. The MIL-F-8785 gust gradients similarly use additional linear filters to model the gradient of the turbulent gust over the wing, and it represents the gust gradients as perturbations to the air-relative rotational rates. The Cockpit Motion Facility at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) models continuous random turbulence using the Dryden one-dimensional spectra and MIL-F-8785 gust gradient. The facility recently reviewed and updated its verification of these models as part of an initiative to improve motion cueing under turbulence. This exercise introduced improved methods for verifying the turbulence models and led to rediscovery of model assumptions that informed improvements to implementation.
Scientific Law: A Perspectival Account

An acceptable empiricist account of laws of nature would havesignificant implications for a number of philosophical projects. For example, such an account may vitiate argumentsthat the fundamental constants of nature are divinelydesigned so that laws produce a life permittinguniverse. On an empiricist account, laws do not produce the universe but are designed by us to systematize theevents of a universe which does in fact contain life; so any ``fine tuning'' of natural law has a naturalistic explanation.But there are problems for the empiricist project. This paper develops a ``perspectival'' version of the Humean bestsystem approach and argues that this version solves the standard problems faced by the empiricist project.Furthermore, the paper argues, this version is best able to answer the proponents of divine design while leaving scientificlaw a suitably objective matter. [I]t is possible tocondense the enormous mass of results to a large extent – that is to find laws which summarize ...Richard Feynman (1963)It has become fashionable in some circles to argue thatscience is ultimately a sham, that we scientists read order into nature, not out of nature, and that the laws of physicsare our laws, not nature's. I believe this is arrant nonsense. You would be hard-pressed to convince a physicist thatNewton's inverse square law of gravitation is a purely cultural concoction. The laws of physics, I submit, reallyexist in the world out there, and the job of the scientist is to uncover them, not invent them. True, at any giventime, the laws you find in the textbooks are tentative and approximate, but they mirror, albeit imperfectly, a reallyexisting order in the physical world. Of course, many scientists do not recognize that in accepting the reality of anorder in nature-the existence of laws `out there' – they are adopting a theological world view. P. C. W. Davies (1995)
Assembly of the Photosystem I Multiprotein Complex and the Oligomeric Form of the Major Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b-Protein in Pea Seedlings Grown in Flashed Light Followed by Continuous Illumination

Intermittent-light grown plants were exposed to continuous illumination, and after various periods of time in the light, thylakoids were isolated from the leaves. A two-dimensional PAGE system was used to examine changes in the protein content of the photosynthetic apparatus and of the individual multiprotein complexes of photosystems I and II in the developing plastids. 1. The light-harvesting complex of photosystem I (LHC I) was added to the P700-containing core complex (CC I) to yield a complete photosystem I unit by 24 hours in continuous light. Its addition correlated with (a) increases in the size and number of 11 — 24kDa polypeptides in the photosystem I component, and (b) a shift to longer wavelengths of the 77°K fluorescence peak. 2. Synthesis of the major LHC II pigment-protein (LHC lib) occurs via addition of pigments to the monomeric polypeptide prior to assembly of the pigmented monomer into the trimer. 3. Many polypeptides of unknown function, some of which are constituents of large multiprotein complexes, disappear as the protochloroplast membranes develop into chloroplast thylakoids.
PRECIPITATION KINETICS IN Nb(Cb)--N ALLOYS.

Niobium wires were doped with 0.2 wt pct N and then directly aged at temperatures from 300° to 650°C for various lengths of time. Metallographic examination revealed a product phase at subgrain boundaries which exhibited linear growth for each reaction temperature. An activation energy of 5.6 kcal per mole for the process was obtained. Although the reaction was thought to be discontinuous precipitation, additional information from electron microscopy, internal friction, and hardness measurements indicated that both precipitation and a coarsening process were occurring simultaneously
Rethinking Campus Sexual Assault: We must Be Leaders in Anti-Bias Practices, Civil Rights and Human Rights

During an era when campuses nationwide are increasingly in the spotlight for a range of sexual assault infractions, Rothman proposes four groundbreaking thought experiments that challenge the status quo in campus-based prevention programming and call for us to do better. Namely, Rothman’s thought experiments—which suggest that campuses 1) invest in fighting structural oppression at the societal level, 2) direct their social norming work at the macro level, 3) educate preventionists in consent and pleasure related to kink, anal sex and group sex, and 4) enact education and counseling for sexual violence perpetrators—provide us with fresh opportunities to examine our willingness and capacity to change and to become even more impactful leaders in practices to reduce sexual violence. In the present editorial, I argue that for Rothman’s experiments (which are focused fundamentally on changing underlying power structures at the intersection of gender, race, sexuality, ability status and socioeconomic status) to be optimally effective, campuses must first engage intensively and systematically in anti-bias curricula to prepare us to be effective fighters for civil rights and human rights. Accordingly, we must be willing to acknowledge that biases exist in all of us, that biases operate in across environments to both privilege and disadvantage at the intersection of gender, race, sexuality, ability status and socioeconomic status, and that we must replace our biases with equity-focused actions for greater equity for all. I applaud Rothman in her outside-the-box thought experiments, join her in challenging us to do things differently on our nation’s campuses, and hope we have the courage to be leaders in anti-bias, civil rights and human rights practices to more impactfully reduce sexual violence against women and non-majority groups.
Limited Echocardiography as an Economic Alternative to Complete Studies for Selected Inpatients

Background Echocardiography can be a useful tool in diagnosis and guiding therapy in cardiovascular diseases. However, repeating studies without change in clinical status is inappropriate and not cost effective. This is frequently seen in heart failure patients on readmission. The goal of this study was to identify repeat studies which did not meet appropriateness criteria and identify ways to reduce the institutional burden of such studies. Methods A cross sectional review was performed on 915 inpatient transthoracic echocardiograms between the dates of August 1, 2017 through August 31, 2017. All studies performed at our institution during these dates were reviewed. Studies were placed into one of three categories based on the date of their most recent previous echocardiogram: one week, 8-30 days, and 31-90 days. Indications were identified for each repeat study and deemed appropriate based on clinical situation. Appropriate complete repeat studies included: cardiac arrest, cardiac surgery, and significant arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation). Results Of the 915 inpatient transthoracic echocardiograms performed at our institution during a one month period, 18.3% (167/915) had a complete transthoracic echocardiogram done within the last three months. 26.3% (44/167) of the repeat studies were in the previous 31 to 90 days. 73.7% (123/167) had studies within the last 30 days, and 37.7% (63/167) were in the last 7 days. 33.5% (56/167) were limited studies. 13.8% (23/167) had appropriate indications for complete repeat study. 46.7% (78/167) of complete repeat exams could have been considered for a limited exam instead of complete exam or avoided. 8.5% (78/915) total studies could have been considered for a limited exam instead of complete exam or avoided. 24.0% (40/167) of repeated studies with had an indication listed as “congestive heart failure” or “cardiomyopathy”, with the majority of these studies being repeated within one month. Conclusions Limited echocardiography is more cost effective than repeating complete studies on inpatients who have had a recent complete echocardiogram and should be considered as an alternative. Evaluating change in left ventricular ejection fraction is an excellent use of limited echocardiography. We propose a new tool in the electronic medical record to prompt providers to consider this when ordering ultrasound exams on their patients.
Staying Strong with Schools: Testing an Elementary School-Based Intervention for Military-Connected Children.

To address the unique behavioral health challenges facing military-connected children (MCC) during parental deployment and reintegration, we developed a low-cost, low-burden school-based interventi...
Communicating With the Public Is Key to Public Health.

The author discusses the importance of communication with the public to the field of public health Topics include a disconnect between those who conduct research and public opinion about evidence-based public health programs in the U.S., the use of science communication on social media to educate the public and communicate scientific findings.
A Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study of Anxiety Disorders

Abstract Compared to other psychiatric disorders, few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted for the anxiety disorders. Genetic epidemiological studies have indicated elements of both shared and disorder-specific genetic risk among generalized anxiety, panic, social anxiety, agoraphobia, and specific phobias. This suggests the most informative approach is to test their association with susceptibility variants as a group of genetically-related phenotypes. Previously, one meta-analytic GWAS (ANGST) identified a small number of novel loci significantly associated with shared anxiety disorder susceptibility. In the current study, we model the disorders in a multivariate manner in a sample of around 17,000 US soldiers for inclusion in GWAS. The results are compared with those from the prior analysis, and a larger meta-analysis is performed to expand the number of discovered loci for anxiety disorders.
Emerson and Smiley: Market Cities, People Cities: The Shape of Our Urban Future

In Market Cities, People Cities: The Shape of Our Urban Future, Michael Oluf Emerson and Kevin T. Smiley use a two-city comparison, Houston (TX) versus Copenhagen (Denmark), to argue that cities in...
Alternative Conceptions Concerning the Earth's Interior Exhibited by Honduran Students

ABSTRACT Although multiple studies of misconceptions in Earth science have been completed using samples of North American and European students and teachers, little research has been conducted on alternative Earth science conceptions in developing countries. The current study was conducted in 5th- and 6th-grade classrooms in eastern Honduras, Central America. The goal of the study was to gather data documenting Honduran students' conceptions of the Earth's interior. This qualitative study used participant-generated drawings and interviews to access students' conceptions of the Earth's interior. Results suggest that Honduran students, ages 9–14 y, express varying levels of understanding regarding this science concept. Many exhibit alternative conceptions, including nonconcentric layers in the Earth; the presence of physical objects, such as houses, inside the Earth; and the existence of mythical creatures within the Earth. This study provides data relevant to geoscience education in Honduras, has implicati...
Intervening Through Futures for Sustainable Presents: Scenarios, Sustainability, and Responsible Research and Innovation

Discourses around innovation often unreflexively assume positive progress and the inevitable contribution of new technologies to the betterment of society. Little attention is paid to issues of sustainability—including intergenerational equity, justice, and socio-ecological integrity—and the complex ways that societal arrangements and sociotechnical regimes are intermingled. Innovation governance for sustainability needs to actively engage both responsible research and innovation and sustainability paradigms in order for science and technology to effectively serve societal and sustainability goals. There is an opportunity to utilize tools of foresight to raise the capacity of actors in innovation processes to consider alternative framings of progress and challenge the status quo. This chapter explores participatory scenario construction as a means to productively disrupt status-quo imaginaries. The Future of Wastewater Sensing, a participatory scenario study, is presented as a case example to inform sustainability-oriented responsible research and innovation.
The syllabification of /s/ clusters in English

Three experiments were carried out to determine how speakers of English syllabify bisyllabic nonwords with second-syllable stress and three different types of medial clusters: /s/ + stop (Type 1), /s/ + sonorant (Type 2) and obstruent + sonorant (Type 3). Because all these clusters occur at the beginnings of English words, they are usually thought to be legal onsets. According to the maximum onset principle, therefore, all three types of stimuli should be syllabified before the consonant cluster. Type 3 stimuli were typically syllabified in this manner, but Type 1 and Type 2 stimuli were not. Instead, /s/ was often placed in the first syllable. These results may mean that /s/ clusters are not legal English onsets. It is widely acknowledged that the set of possible English codas is smaller than the set of word-final consonant clusters. For example, the final /ksθs/ of sixths does not occur at the ends of syllables within a morpheme. The present findings suggest that, similarly, the set of possible English onsets is smaller than the set of word-initial consonant clusters.
How Should We Think about Environmental Policy and Jobs? An Analogy with Trade Policy and an Illustration from U.S. Coal Mining

AbstractPublic discussions of environmentally motivated policies include much confusing talk about job loss. Does job loss in a polluting industry mean that others should endure dirty air or that c...