cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scintigraphic findings in Gorlin's syndrome.

A45-year-old woman had a history of Gorlin's syndrome, which included findings of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, vertebral anomalies, and calcification of the cerebral falx. She was examined after suffering blunt trauma to her right knee. Radiographs of her right knee revealed a moth-eaten appearance to her distal femur and proximal tibia. Further radiologic work-up revealed diffuse osteopenia and pseudocystic, lytic changes throughout her extremities, with evidence of previous pathologic fractures involving several metacarpal bones and the right distal radius and ulna. A whole-body bone scan revealed increased uptake corresponding to the abnormalities seen on conventional radiography.
Diverting ileostomy during primary debulking surgery for ovarian cancer: Associated factors and postoperative outcomes

Objective To examine the use, as well as postoperative and long-term oncologic outcomes of diverting loop ileostomy (DI) during primary debulking surgery (PDS) for ovarian cancer.
Microbiological and Sensory Attributes of Retail Cuts of Beef Treated with Acetic and Lactic Acid Solutions

This research characterized the effect of 0.6 and 1.2% acetic and lactic acids applied for 20 and 120 s at a temperature of 1 to 2°C on total colony forming units (CFU) and Escherichia coli counts, and sensory qualities including shear value, expressible moisture, color and sensory panel of retail cuts of beef rib steaks. Microbial inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration and times of treatment with a 1.2% acid treatment for 120 s being the most effective treatment for reducing microbial counts, for both acids. Although there were significant reductions (p 0.05) in shear values or expressible moisture due to acid treatment. Sensory panels reported only sm...
Ronald Reagan's address at Moscow state university: A rhetoric of conciliation and subversion

This essay examines the rhetorical strategies utilized by Ronald Reagan in his address at Moscow State University on May 31, 1988. In part, Reagan adapted his rhetorical strategies to Soviet philosophies by adopting the language of Marxism‐Leninism: Reagan spoke the language of Marxism‐Leninism in order to de‐legitimize the credibility of Marxism‐Leninism. Reagan employed four rhetorical strategies to decrease international tensions while also increasing pressure for greater changes in the political and economic systems of the Soviet Union: (a) negate Marxist‐Leninist principles, (b) affirm democratic capitalism and entrepreneurial freedom, (c) construct a positive image of himself and the United States, and (d) democratize diplomatic discussions. Reagan's success with these strategies allowed him to achieve two disparate diplomatic objectives: conciliation and subversion.
Regional assessment of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, impacts in forests of the Eastern United States

Native to Asia, the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) has caused extensive mortality of ash tree species (Fraxinus spp.) in the eastern United States. As of 2013, the pest was documented in 18 % of counties within the natural range of ash in the eastern United States. Regional forest inventory data from the U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program were used to quantify trends in ash mortality rate and volume per hectare relative to the year of initial emerald ash borer detection. Results indicate that the annual ash mortality rate increases by as much as 2.7 % per year after initial detection of the pest in a county. Corresponding decreases in ash volume (as much as 1.8 m3 per hectare per year) continue for several more years until most live ash is killed. These results, while not necessarily representative of the effects on ash in urban ecosystems, document the severe impact this invading herbivore is having on forests as it expands its range in North America.
Thin film bi-epitaxy and transition characteristics of TiO2/TiN buffered VO2 on Si(100) substrates

Bi-epitaxial VO2 thin films with [011] out-of-plane orientation were integrated with Si(100) substrates through TiO2/TiN buffer layers. At the first step, TiN is grown epitaxially on Si(100), where a cube-on-cube epitaxy is achieved. Then, TiN was oxidized in-situ ending up having epitaxial r-TiO2. Finally, VO2 was deposited on top of TiO2. The alignment across the interfaces was stablished as VO2(011)║TiO2(110)║TiN(100)║Si(100) and VO2(110) /VO2(010)║TiO2(011)║TiN(112)║Si(112). The inter-planar spacing of VO2(010) and TiO2(011) equal to 2.26 and 2.50 A, respectively. This results in a 9.78% tensile misfit strain in VO2(010) lattice which relaxes through 9/10 alteration domains with a frequency factor of 0.5, according to the domain matching epitaxy paradigm. Also, the inter-planar spacing of VO2(011) and TiO2(011) equals to 3.19 and 2.50 A, respectively. This results in a 27.6% compressive misfit strain in VO2(011) lattice which relaxes through 3/4 alteration domains with a frequency factor of 0.57. We studied semiconductor to metal transition characteristics of VO2/TiO2/TiN/Si heterostructures and established a correlation between intrinsic defects and magnetic properties.
Forensic Assertive Community Treatment: Recidivism, hospitalization, and the role of housing and support

ABSTRACTWhile Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is considered an evidence-based service model, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of an adaptation of the model, Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT), for persons with serious mental illness who also have significant criminal justice system involvement. Using a multimethod approach, this article combines quantitative and qualitative data to review baseline information and nine-month follow-up recidivism, hospitalization, and housing outcomes for individuals enrolled in a FACT program. Findings suggest substance use, housing, and FACT team members’ support played an important role in clients’ prison reentry experiences.
What it means to be a citizen in the internet age

This study puts forward a comprehensive digital citizenship scale based on carefully calibrated, overarching, inclusive components of digital citizenship that can be used to measure abilities, perceptions, and levels of participation of young adults in Internet based community. The Digital Citizenship Scale (DCS) had a 26-item five-factor model that was extracted using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and then cross-validated through a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The DCS had respectable good reliability and construct validity, supported by a concept analysis of digital citizenship, the expert panel review, EFA, and CFA. In addition, the DCS was shown to have a convergent relationship with Internet self-efficacy and a divergent relationship with Internet anxiety. As a theoretically rigorous and well developed digital citizenship scale, this study will help understand individuals' perceptions of their abilities and trajectories as active and/or critical members of online communities as part of their everyday lives on local, national, and global levels. We developed a valid and reliable digital citizenship scale.Exploratory factor analysis extracted a 26-item five-factor model.Confirmatory factor analysis cross-validated the model.Digital citizenship was associated with Internet self-efficacy & Internet anxiety.
Nitrogen uptake and partitioning under alternate- and every-furrow irrigation

Alternate-furrow irrigation, combined with fertilizer placement in the non-irrigated furrow, has the potential to reduce fertilizer leaching in irrigated corn (Zea mays L.). The potential also exists, however, for reduced N uptake under alternate-furrow irrigation. This study examined the effects of fertilizer placement and irrigation treatment on N uptake, roota→shoot→root circulation, and partitioning between reproductive and vegetative tissues. Rainfall was above average in both years of the study, especially during May and June, so that root growth beneath the non-irrigated furrow was equal to root production beneath the irrigated furrow. Under those conditions, soil NO3 concentration in the fertilized furrow during late-vegetative and reproductive growth was greater in the alternate-furrow compared with the every-furrow treatment, resulting in increased fertilizer N uptake during reproductive growth and increased N partitioning to reproductive tissues under alternate-furrow irrigation. About 80% of the fertilizer N found in roots had first been translocated to the shoot and then returned via the phloem to the root system. Nitrogen cycling from root to shoot to root was not affected by irrigation treatment. Alternate-furrow irrigation successfully increased N uptake and reduced the potential for NO3leaching when environmental conditions allowed adequate root development in the non-irrigated furrow, and when the growing season was long enough to allow the crop to reach physiological maturity.
Effects of vitamin supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs

Abstract Three experiments involving a total of 405 crossbred pigs were performed to evaluate the effects of increasing vitamin supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics. A common vitamin premix (VP) that provided adequate amounts of vitamins (4 fat-soluble and 7 B vitamins), was added at varied levels in Exp. 1 and 2. Experiment 1 used 125 weanling pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 7.5 ± 0.2 kg. Dietary treatments were basal diet with 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50% added VP. The experimental diets were fed for 28 d in a single phase. The results demonstrated that average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) linearly increased (P
Transaxillary decompression of thoracic outlet syndrome patients presenting with cervical ribs

Abstract Objective The transaxillary approach to thoracic outlet decompression in the presence of cervical ribs offers the advantage of less manipulation of the brachial plexus and associated nerves. This may result in reduced incidence of perioperative complications, such as nerve injuries. Our objective was to report contemporary data for a series of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and cervical ribs managed through a transaxillary approach. Methods We reviewed a prospectively maintained database for all consecutive patients who underwent surgery for TOS and who had a cervical rib. Symptoms, preoperative evaluation, surgical details, complications, and postoperative outcomes form the basis of this report. Results Between 1997 and 2016, there were 818 patients who underwent 1154 procedures for TOS, including 873 rib resections. Of these, 56 patients underwent 70 resections for first and cervical ribs. Cervical ribs were classified according to the Society for Vascular Surgery reporting standards: 25 class 1, 17 class 2, 5 class 3, and 23 class 4. Presentations included neurogenic TOS in 49 patients and arterial TOS in 7. Operative time averaged 141 minutes, blood loss was 47 mL, and hospital stay averaged 2 days. No injuries to the brachial plexus, long thoracic, or thoracodorsal nerves were identified. One patient had partial phrenic nerve dysfunction that resolved. No hematomas, lymph leak, or early rehospitalizations occurred. Average follow-up was 591 days. Complete resolution or minimal symptoms were noted in 52 (92.8%) patients postoperatively. Significant residual symptoms requiring ongoing evaluation or pain management were noted in four (7.1%) at last follow-up. Somatic pain scores were reduced from 6.9 (preoperatively) to 1.3 (at last visit). Standardized evaluation using shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores indicated improvement from 60.4 (preoperatively) to 31.3 (at last visit). Conclusions This series of transaxillary cervical and first rib resections demonstrates excellent clinical outcomes with minimal morbidity. The presence of cervical ribs, a positive response to scalene muscle block, and abnormalities on electrodiagnostic testing are reliable indicators for surgery. A cervical rib in a patient with TOS suggests that there is excellent potential for improvement after first and cervical rib excision.
Phase II trial of recombinant interferon-alpha-2a and eflornithine in patients with recurrent glioma

Interferons alpha and beta have been reported to cause tumor regression in a small proportion of patients with recurrent glioma. Eflornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, reduces cellular polyamine levels and has also been reported to cause tumor regression in patients with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. In vitro evidence suggests that interferon and eflornithine are synergistic. In this phase II trial, we investigated the combination of recombinant alpha interferon (36 × 106 units/m2 subcutaneously days 3 to 7) and eflornithine (2.25 g/m2 QID PO days 1 to 7) repeated every 28 days. All 29 patients entered in the study were evaluable for toxicity and efficacy. Toxicity consisted primarily of fever, chills, myalgia, weakness and fatigue as well as cortical dysfunction including somnolence, confusion, and exacerbation of underlying neurologic deficits. One patient died from cerebral herniation attributable to interferon. None of the patients experienced objective tumor regression. Seven patients (24%) were stable for more than six months, but the disease stability could also be explained by indolent underlying disease or inability to distinguish recurrent tumor from delayed radiation effects. Intermittent high-dose recombinant interferon alpha plus eflornithine demonstrated no definite antitumor effects in this trial.
Frequency and Significance of High-Degree Atrioventricular Block and Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction in Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Characteristics of conduction disorders after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been well described. In contrast, limited data are available on the incidence, treatment trends, and prognostic impact of conduction disorders after non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Using the National Inpatient Sample database, we compared the characteristics and outcomes of conduction disorders in patients with a primary diagnosis of STEMI versus NSTEMI between 2010 and 2014. Conduction disorders were classified into‬ high-degree AV block (HDAVB), consisting of complete AV block or Mobitz type II second-degree AV block, and sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND). We identified 135,468 STEMI patients and 281,928 NSTEMI patients. In contrast to the STEMI cohort where HDAVB was more common than SND (2.4% vs 0.5%), SND was observed more often in the NSTEMI cohort, presenting in 2,417 patients (0.9%), followed by HDAVB in 1,745 patients (0.6%). In patients who developed HDAVB, NSTEMI patients were more likely to undergo permanent pacemaker implantation than STEMI patients (30.0% vs 11.6%; p
The first mite: insect genealogy in Hooke's Micrographia.

What happens when you take the idea of the biblical Adam—the first human – and apply it to insects? You create an origin story for Nature’s tiniest creatures, one that gives them ‘a Pedigree as anc...
Development of shape memory polymer nanocomposite foam for treatment of intracranial aneurysms

Abstract This paper presents the novel development of highly porous carbon nanotube (CNT)/shape memory polymer (SMP) nanocomposites for potential endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms (ICAs). Pristine SMP foam is fabricated using a sugar template method. CNT/SMP nanocomposites are fabricated by infiltrating CNTs into the pristine SMP foam in ethanol via ultrasonication. The porous nanocomposites are characterized to identify key parameters, such as the average pore size, density, porosity and electrical resistivity. A resistive-heating mechanism is developed to trigger shape recovery of the nanocomposites. The results of this work will lay a solid foundation for our subsequent development of new personalized biomedical devices to treat ICAs using a catheter-based endovascular procedure.
Assessing Efficacy and the Speed of Response in Psoriasis Treatment.

Psoriasis patients want drugs that are highly effective and that work fast. Understanding the relative differences between the many available agents is important. In head-to-head studies to analyze...
A scalable algorithm for cross-correlations of compressed ambient seismic noise

Companies and academic geophysicists are increasingly collecting continuous seismic data on denser arrays, and are looking to a variety of lossy compression methods to store and quickly access this data. Some researchers turn to ambient noise interferometry for low-cost near-surface imaging to avoid to cost and permitting required for active source experiments, but the computation can be very expensive. For each window of time, typical ambient noise interferometry scales as the product of the number of time samples per window and the number of sensors squared. This paper proposes a new algorithm for data stored in a low-rank matrix factorized form, performing interferometry in compressed form, and separating scalability in sensors from time samples. Application to real data shows nearly identical results at orders of magnitude lower cost. The algorithm can be extended to tensor compressions, averaging cross-correlations over many time windows.
Evolutionary Genomics and the Domestication of Grapes

We summarize aspects of the domestication of grapevines (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) from its wild ancestor (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) by focusing on the first three stages of the domestication process. The first stage is the management of the wild plant by humans, prior to purposeful cultivation. Both archeological and genetic evidence suggest that man interacted with grapes prior to the onset of agriculture. These interactions may have extended to 20,000 year ago (ya) in the Transcaucasus region, the primary center of grapevine domestication. The second stage of domestication is purposeful cultivation. For most annual crops, this stage is defined by a strong bottleneck that winnowed and limited genetic diversity. There is, however, little evidence for the history of a strong bottleneck in grapevines and some other perennial crops. Another feature of the second stage is a positive selection for traits associated with cultivation and harvesting. In theory, the genes underlying these traits can be identified using population genomic approaches. Although these approaches have been applied sparingly to grapevines thus far, they have identified numerous genes as targets of selection that likely contribute to agronomic traits. The third stage of domestication is the geographic dispersal of a nascent crop to new locations, where the crop must adapt to new, local environments. This local adaptation is often facilitated by introgression between the crop and locally adapted wild populations. There is ample evidence to indicate that introgression has been an important process in the evolution of the grapevine germplasm. Unfortunately, however, these introgression events tend to complicate questions about the number of origins of the crop; was there one primary origin of the crop or many? Based on the data available to date, we take the view that there was a single domestication event, but this and many other questions about evolution, domestication, and genomics of grapevine require further investigation.
Acquisition limitations of bone conduction hearing devices in children with unilateral microtia and atresia

Abstract Objective To characterize the use of bone conduction hearing devices (BCHD) for hearing management in children with unilateral congenital aural atresia (CAA) at a tertiary pediatric center's microtia clinic while assessing challenges in acquisition. BCHD generally provides better audiologic outcomes than atresiaplasty in pediatric CAA. BCHD is formally recommended for only bilateral CAA, although literature has begun to show benefit in unilateral CAA. Methods A retrospective case series of patients born between 2014 and 2018 with unilateral microtia at an urban tertiary care children's hospital collected information on demographics, CAA laterality, hearing loss (HL) severity, management, and acquisition. Statistical analysis aided characterization of BCHD use. Results 131 patients (65% males) were included with a mean age of 3.5 years. 108 (82%) patients with unilateral microtia were used for further analysis, and right sided microtia was most common (67.6%). Of patients with auditory brain response (ABR) testing available, 70% demonstrated conductive HL, 16% mixed HL, 1% sensorineural HL, 6% no HL secondary to grade 1 microtia, and 7% were pending evaluation. Overall, 46 (42.6%) patients with unilateral microtia obtained a BCHD. 68.7% of those offered a BCHD after ABR opted for acquisition. The average length of time from offer to fit was about 6 months. Conclusion Even with thorough consultation and follow up, less than half of the patients with unilateral CAA received a BCHD. Missed initial ABR appointments that lead to BCHD recommendation seem to be the greatest limiting factor, while demographics did not play a confounding role. Family education and future research on obstacles preventing BCHD use in unilateral CAA will help standardize management and improve hearing within this critical auditory period.
Living on the Edge: Multi-Scale Analyses of Bird Habitat Use in Coastal Marshes of Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA

Coastal marsh loss, combined with expected sea-level rise, will cause inundation and extensive shifts to vegetation and salinity regimes that may affect bird species dependent on coastal ecosystems worldwide. Within coastal-marsh habitats, birds provide key targets for coastal management goals. However, limited information on bird-habitat relationships within coastal marshes inhibits the development of restoration projects targeted to bird species. We surveyed birds bi-monthly within Barataria Basin, LA from July 2014 to December 2015 to compare their use between fresh and saline coastal marshes. Additionally, we examined habitat use at finer spatial scales to assess preference for marsh-edge microhabitats. Edge habitat supported 1.8 times more bird species (guild) richness than emergent and open-water habitat. We concluded that future modelling efforts would be improved if models incorporate edge effects for birds in coastal marshes that extend 20 m from emergent vegetation into open water, with a reduced effect if marsh types convert from fresh to saline. Our data will be useful to simulate the effects of changes in marsh type, area, and edge on habitat quality for birds in coastal Louisiana and will inform habitat restoration and management decisions aimed at optimizing bird use.
To Pad or Not to Pad? A Note on the Schedule Padding Behavior of Airlines

This note provides a rationale for the current trend in airline schedule padding by studying the strategic behaviour of carriers that may decide whether or not to pad their flight beyond the optima...
Evolution and Adaptation of Legionella pneumophila to Manipulate the Ubiquitination Machinery of Its Amoebae and Mammalian Hosts

The ubiquitin pathway is highly conserved across the eukaryotic domain of life and plays an essential role in a plethora of cellular processes. It is not surprising that many intracellular bacterial pathogens often target the essential host ubiquitin pathway. The intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila injects into the host cell cytosol multiple classes of classical and novel ubiquitin-modifying enzymes that modulate diverse ubiquitin-related processes in the host cell. Most of these pathogen-injected proteins, designated as effectors, mimic known E3-ubiquitin ligases through harboring F-box or U-box domains. The classical F-box effector, AnkB targets host proteins for K48-linked polyubiquitination, which leads to excessive proteasomal degradation that is required to generate adequate supplies of amino acids for metabolism of the pathogen. In contrast, the SidC and SdcA effectors share no structural similarity to known eukaryotic ligases despite having E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, suggesting that the number of E3-ligases in eukaryotes is under-represented. L. pneumophila also injects into the host many novel ubiquitin-modifying enzymes, which are the SidE family of effectors that catalyze phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination of serine residue of target proteins, independently of the canonical E1-2-3 enzymatic cascade. Interestingly, the environmental bacterium, L. pneumophila, has evolved within a diverse range of amoebal species, which serve as the natural hosts, while accidental transmission through contaminated aerosols can cause pneumonia in humans. Therefore, it is likely that the novel ubiquitin-modifying enzymes of L. pneumophila were acquired by the pathogen through interkingdom gene transfer from the diverse natural amoebal hosts. Furthermore, conservation of the ubiquitin pathway across eukaryotes has enabled these novel ubiquitin-modifying enzymes to function similarly in mammalian cells. Studies on the biological functions of these effectors are likely to reveal further novel ubiquitin biology and shed further lights on the evolution of ubiquitin.
Protocol for live enhanced resolution confocal imaging of dendritic spinule dynamics in primary mouse cortical neuron culture.

Summary Dendritic spinules are fine membranous protrusions of neuronal spines that play a role in synaptic plasticity, but their nanoscale requires resolution beyond conventional confocal microscopy, hindering live studies. Here, we describe how to track individual spinules in live dissociated cortical pyramidal neurons utilizing fluorescence labeling, optimized confocal imaging parameters, and post-acquisition iterative 3D deconvolution, employing NIS Elements software. This approach enables investigations of spinule structural dynamics and function without using super-resolution microscopy, which involves special fluorophores and/or high laser power. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zaccard et al. (2020) .
A literature review of gratitude, parent–child relationships, and well-being in children

Abstract Positive psychology has highlighted the importance of personal positive qualities such as gratitude for human thriving. Reviews of research on gratitude are predominantly based on work with adults. We address this gap by considering the familial roots and well-being implications of gratitude in children. We conducted two systematic reviews examining children’s gratitude as it relates to parent–child relationships (N = 10) and children’s gratitude and well-being (N = 38). Children’s gratitude was higher when parents modeled gratitude, there was a more secure parent–child attachment, and parents employed more supportive, autonomy granting, and warm parenting. These findings align with attachment theory, social learning and emotion socialization theories, and the find-remind-and-bind theory. Additionally, children’s gratitude was positively related to greater life satisfaction, positive affect, and mental well-being in cross-sectional and intervention studies. These findings provide some support for the broaden-and-build theory, the adaptive cycle model, and the schematic hypothesis. The reviewed theoretical frameworks and empirical findings formed the basis of our proposed model whereby children’s gratitude is posited to mediate the relation between parent–child relationship factors and children’s well-being. Further, we identified several testable mechanisms that might explain why gratitude is related to well-being. Our proposed model is an important contribution to the current literature because it provides a novel, overarching synthesis of existing work on children’s gratitude that is intended to be a framework for future research to test potential mechanisms relevant to children’s gratitude development and well-being outcomes.
Validating Techniques for Measurement of Cutaneous Neurofibromas: Recommendations for Clinical Trials.

Objective To assess the reliability and variability of digital calipers, 3D photography, and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) for measurement of cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Background cNF affect virtually all patients with NF1 and are a major source of morbidity. Reliable techniques for measuring cNF are needed to develop therapies for these tumors. Methods Adults with NF1 were recruited. For each participant, 6 cNF were assessed independently by 3 different examiners at 5 different time points using digital calipers, 3D photography, and HFUS. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intrarater and interrater reliability of linear and volumetric measurements for each technique, with ICC values >0.90 defined as excellent reliability. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to estimate the minimal detectable difference (MDD) for each technique. Results Fifty-seven cNF across 10 participants were evaluated. The ICC for image acquisition and measurement was >0.97 within and across examiners for HFUS and 3D photography. ICC for digital calipers was 0.62–0.88. CV varied by measurement tool, linear vs volumetric measurement, and tumor size. Conclusions HFUS and 3D photography demonstrate excellent reliability whereas digital calipers have good to excellent reliability in measuring cNF. The MDD for each technique was used to create tables of proposed thresholds for investigators to use as guides for clinical trials focused on cNF size. These criteria should be updated as the performance of these end points is evaluated.
Plant PIEZO homologs modulate vacuole morphology during tip growth.

In animals, PIEZOs are plasma membrane–localized cation channels involved in diverse mechanosensory processes. We investigated PIEZO function in tip-growing cells in the moss Physcomitrium patens and the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 redundantly contribute to the normal growth, size, and cytoplasmic calcium oscillations of caulonemal cells. Both PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 localized to vacuolar membranes. Loss-of-function, gain-of-function, and overexpression mutants revealed that moss PIEZO homologs promote increased complexity of vacuolar membranes through tubulation, internalization, and/or fission. Arabidopsis PIEZO1 also localized to the tonoplast and is required for vacuole tubulation in the tips of pollen tubes. We propose that in plant cells the tonoplast has more freedom of movement than the plasma membrane, making it a more effective location for mechanosensory proteins.
Social Objects Without Intentions

It is often seen as a truism that social objects and facts are the product of human intentions. I argue that the role of intentions in social ontology is commonly overestimated. I introduce a distinction that is implicit in much discussion of social ontology, but is often overlooked: between a social entity’s “grounds” and its “anchors.” For both, I argue that intentions, either individual or collective, are less essential than many theorists have assumed. Instead, I propose a more worldly—and less intellectualist—approach to social ontology.
Gender enactment at work: The importance of gender and gender‐related behavior to person‐organizational fit and career decisions

Purpose – This paper seeks to explore gender‐related behavior in relation to person‐group fit, person‐organization fit, and career decisions in order to identify relevant constructs and relationships and present suggestions for further research.Design/methodology/approach – A model was developed based on a review of several literature bases including gender theories, gender enactment, person‐group fit, and person‐organization fit.Findings – Propositions for future research were developed and focus on the relationships influencing an individual's perceptions of person‐group fit, person‐organization fit and career decision making. It is proposed that a deviation from a group's collective gender orientation and accepted behaviors is likely to be met with unfavorable perceptions by group members and impact person‐group fit, person‐organization fit, perceived stress, self‐efficacy, and career decision making.Practical implications – Managers and supervisors can use ideas presented in the model and paper to bet...
Managing large scale, ultra-dense beacon deployments in smart campuses

The demand for proximity-based services for mobile device users inside smart buildings has driven a surge in the installation of large-scale, ultradense Bluetooth Low Energy beacon deployments. But managing a large-scale beacon infrastructure presents new systems challenges, including managing battery life, replacing misplaced or stolen beacons, detecting and locating foreign or malicious beacons, and engineering beacon locations to optimize wireless resources. We study two problems whose solutions facilitate large-scale beacon network management. First, we develop a prototype system to demonstrate how conventionally static beacon advertisements can be made time-varying, and argue that time-varying advertisements can convey important device health and network state information. We then consider a fundamental question in site engineering; calculating upper limits on the spatial density of deployed beacons to optimize either the number of advertisements received, or mobile users reached. Using analysis and simulation, we show that with current wireless standards beacon separation should be at least 0.5 meters per advertisement channel. Knowledge of this bound facilitates the construction of topology design rules, and quantifies previously unknown limits on beacon density in ultra-dense deployments.
Phylogeny and taxonomy of the damselfly genus Enallagma and related taxa (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)

Abstract The zygopteran genus Enallagma has been the subject of numerous behavioural and ecological studies, but phylogenetic relationships among species have been examined only within eastern North America, and even the composition and diagnosis of the genus are unclear on a world-wide basis. Most authorities currently recognize about seventy species within Enallagma, comprising two major radiations, in North America and Africa. This study, using morphological data, demonstrates that the North American and a few related Palaearctic species form a monophyletic group that is quite distinct from the African species. The latter are themselves divided into at least three, and probably four, separate clades, one of which may be related to E. parvum of India. Consequently, three of Kennedy's long disused genera, Africallagma, Amphiallagma and Proischnura (Kennedy, 1920) are resurrected and two new genera, Azuragrion gen.n. and Pinheyagrion gen.n. are established for the remaining African taxa. Finally, Enallagma is divided into two subgenera, Enallagma s.s., the typical ‘bluets’, including many North American, Holarctic and Palaearctic species, and Chromatallagma subgen.n., comprising a group of species of more variable colour that is confined to North America, the Caribbean and northernmost South America.
Dielectronic Recombination Theory

A theory now in wide use for the calculation of dielectronic recombination cross sections (σ DR ) and rate coefficients (α DR )was one introduced originally by Feshbach1 for nuclear physics applications, and then later adapted for atomic scattering problems by Hahn2. In the following, we briefly review this theory in a very general form, which allows one to account for the effects of overlapping and interacting resonances, as well as continuum-continuum coupling. An extension of our notation will then also allow for the inclusion of the effects of direct radiative recombination, along with a treatment of the interference between radiative and dielectronic recombination. Other approaches to the calculation of σ DR have been described by Fano3 and by Seaton4. We will not consider those theories here.
Vitamin A Deficiency and Attributable Mortality among Under-5-Year-Olds

Reported are estimates of the prevalence in developing countries of physiologically significant vitamin A deficiency and the number of attributable deaths. The WHO classification of countries by the severity and extent of xerophthalmia was used to categorize developing countries by likely risk of subclinical vitamin A deficiency. Using vital statistics compiled by UNICEF the authors derived population figures and mortality rates for under-5 year olds. The findings of vitamin A supplementation trials were applied to populations at risk of endemic vitamin A deficiency to estimate the potential impact of improved vitamin A nutriture in reducing mortality during the preschool years. Worldwide over 125 million children are estimated to be vitamin A deficient. Improved vitamin A nutriture would be expected to prevent approximately 1-2 million deaths annually among children ages 1-4. an additional 0.25-0.5 million deaths may be averted if improved vitamin A nutriture can be achieved during the latter 1/2 of infancy. Improved vitamin A nutriture alone could prevent 1.3-2.5 million of the nearly 8 million late infancy and preschool age child deaths that occur each year in the highest risk developing countries. (authors) (summaries in ENG FRE)
Plenary lecture 2: statistical performance analysis of communications channels in real-time

Measuring the performance of communication channels is very critical for service availability, service performance sustainability, as well as quality of service in telecommunication Networks. One of the key metrics is the Bit Error Performance (BER), which is measured using complex and expensive instruments, and bit error detecting correcting codes (EDC) embedded in the signal of the information channel. However, EDCs are although indispensable for their bit error correcting ability, require many frames of information to provide a good statistical BER value for each channel. In this lecture, we describe a statistical analytical method based on which we estimate synchronously the performance parameters of all incoming communication channels in microseconds and thus in real-time. This method provides estimation of BER, SNR, NF, Q, and min-max signal levels of current and previous values. In addition, we describe the realization of the method with a simple CMOS circuit. We also describe the benefits of the method and compare with well-established methods.
Technology‐Enhanced Stepped Collaborative Care Targeting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbidity After Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its comorbidities are endemic among injured trauma survivors. Previous collaborative care trials targeting PTSD after injury have been effective, but they have required intensive clinical resources. The present pragmatic clinical trial randomized acutely injured trauma survivors who screened positive on an automated electronic medical record PTSD assessment to collaborative care intervention (n = 60) and usual care control (n = 61) conditions. The stepped measurement-based intervention included care management, psychopharmacology, and psychotherapy elements. Embedded within the intervention were a series of information technology (IT) components. PTSD symptoms were assessed with the PTSD Checklist at baseline prerandomization and again, 1-, 3-, and 6-months postinjury. IT utilization was also assessed. The technology-assisted intervention required a median of 2.25 hours (interquartile range = 1.57 hours) per patient. The intervention was associated with modest symptom reductions, but beyond the margin of statistical significance in the unadjusted model: F(2, 204) = 2.95, p = .055. The covariate adjusted regression was significant: F(2, 204) = 3.06, p = .049. The PTSD intervention effect was greatest at the 3-month (Cohen's effect size d = 0.35, F(1, 204) = 4.11, p = .044) and 6-month (d = 0.38, F(1, 204) = 4.10, p = .044) time points. IT-enhanced collaborative care was associated with modest PTSD symptom reductions and reduced delivery times; the intervention model could potentially facilitate efficient PTSD treatment after injury.
Regional and subcellular localization of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the adult human brain

The localization of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in the post mortem adult human brain was investigated. LHRH was highly concentrated in medial basal hypothalamic tissue (1.14 ng/mg protein); lower levels of LHRH were present in tissue from the optic chiasm (0.05 ng/mg protein) and mammillary bodies (0.07 ng/mg protein). The concentrations of LHRH in hypothalamic tissue of men and women were similar. LHRH was undetectable (< 0.001 ng/mg protein) in the frontal cerebral cortex and cerebellum. When homogenates of the medial basal hypothalamus were fractionated on continuous or discontinuous sucrose density gradients, LHRH was found to be associated with subcellular particles. Upon examination by transmission electron microscopy, we found that these subcellular particles resembled isolated neuron terminals, i.e., synaptosomes. Low to undetectable amounts of LHRH were found in the cytosol or the myelin + microsome fraction of the gradients. The results of these studies are supportive of the view that LHRH is highly concentrated in neuron terminals of the adult human brain and may, therefore, be a central neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the human.
Validation of pressure-volume data obtained in patients by initial transit radionuclide angiocardiography.

Abstract In order to validate the measurement of pressure-volume loops and stroke work in humans, simultaneous digital subtraction ventriculography (DSA) and first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA) coupled with high-fidelity micromanometer left ventricular pressure measurements were undertaken in 34 patients, mean age 75 ± 9 years, with aortic stenosis. Twenty-nine patients had a repeat study after balloon valvuloplasty, for a total of 63 DSA and RNA pressure-volume loops. All data were analyzed in a systematic fashion in order to minimize intra- and interobserver error. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the degree of agreement between the two technologies. Left ventricular ejection fraction (RNA: 0.47 ± 0.17, DSA: 0.49 ± 0.18) had a correlation coefficient of 0.96; left ventricular end-diastolic volume (RNA: 171 ± 42 ml, DSA: 168 ± 52 ml) and end-systolic volume (RNA: 95 ± 50 ml, DSA: 89 ± 50 ml) had correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.95, respectively. Left ventricular stroke volume (RNA: 75 ± 26 ml, DSA: 75 ± 27 ml) had a correlation coefficient of 0.92, while integrated pressure-volume loop or stroke work (RNA: 15.6 ± 6.6 ergs 10 6 , DSA: 15.9 ± 6.3 ergs 10 6 ) had a correlation coefficient of 0.89. These data demonstrate that RNA measurements of left ventricular chamber dynamics concur with that obtained with DSA. With semiautomated data analysis, the portable first-pass RNA pressure-volume data are also less labor-intensive. Moreover, multiple measurements of ventricular performance during hemodynamic manipulations in the catheterization laboratory or operating room would allow for a more precise estimation of left ventricular performance.
Cocaine-induced acute aortic dissection

While cocaine-induced myocardial infarction has been frequently documented, the differential diagnosis of chest pain should include aortic pathology. The successful management of acute aortic dissection secondary to cocaine abuse has not been previously reported to our knowledge. In a 45-year-old man who presented with typical chest pain and wide mediastinum, the successful management of this disease included early and accurate diagnosis and replacement of the aortic valve as well as the torn portion of the ascending aorta.
A Reduced Progenitor Pool Population Accounts for the Rudimentary Appearance of the Septum, Medial Pallium and Dorsal Pallium in Birds

To date, most studies comparing birds and mammals have focused on the similarities in brain development, architecture and connectivity. However, major differences in size, anatomy and organization exi
The Counselor and the Individualized Educational Program.

This article reviews the requirements of Individualized Educational Programs (IEPs) for handicapped students, including descriptions of the interdisciplinary team that develops the IEP, IEP components, and evaluation procedures. Kameen and McIntosh propose an ideal counselor role that includes developing, implementing, and evaluating IEPs in the affective domain. Counselors receive suggestions for their involvement in defining annual goals and short-term objectives, devising appropriate educational strategies, providing direct and indirect services for handicapped youth, and evaluating the affective components of IEPs.
A New Eriophyid Mite Infesting Bermuda Grass

A new eriophyid mite ( Aceria neocynodonis Keifer) was discovered infesting a Bermuda grass lawn at Phoenix, Arizona in August 1959. Later in 1959 the new mite was also found at Yuma and Tucson causing extensive damage. Other specimens were identified from Imperial County and near Los Angeles, California. A typical rosetting and tufting of the growth caused by the shortening of the internodes occurs. Eventually lawns are thinned out where the plants are killed. Initial chemical control measures indicated that satisfactory results ean be accomplished with Diazinon® ( O,O -diethyl O -(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) thiophosphate) spray or dusting sulfur 325-mesh.
Critical Patriotism: Incorporating Nationality into MFT Education and Training

Topics such as national identity, patriotism, nationalism, and international issues often lead to polarization within the United States and as a result, critical dialogue about these complex topics often does not occur in a meaningful way. The lack of critical inquiry and interaction about these topics is manifest at the macro and the micro level, including within the context of marriage and family therapy training and practice. While the field of MFT has devoted greater attention to addressing issues of diversity in recent years, limited attention has been focused on examining nationality and nationalism. This article presents a critical patriotism framework that training programs can use to examine nationality and expand awareness of international issues and perspectives. Special attention is focused on examining how nationalism, a problematic extreme version of patriotism, infiltrates MFT training and practice. Recommendations are provided for how training programs can focus on nationality, expand awareness of international issues and perspectives, and guide trainees in exploring how their national identity, beliefs about patriotism, and nationalistic attitudes may influence their clinical work.
Mutational analysis of the Tetrahymena telomerase RNA: Identification of residues affecting telomerase activity in vitro

Telomere-specific repeat sequences are essential for chromosome end stability. Telomerase maintains telomere length by adding sequences de novo onto chromosome ends. The template domain of the telomerase RNA component dictates synthesis of species-specific telomeric repeats and other regions of the RNA have been suggested to be important for enzyme structure and/or catalysis. Using enzyme reconstituted in vitro with RNAs containing deletions or substitutions we identified nucleotides in the RNA component that are important for telomerase activity. Although many changes to conserved features in the RNA secondary structure did not abolish enzyme activity, levels of activity were often greatly reduced, suggesting that regions other than the template play a role in telomerase function. The template boundary was only altered by changes in stem II that affected the conserved region upstream of the template, not by changes in other regions, such as stems I, III and IV, consistent with a role of the conserved region in defining the 5' boundary of the template. Surprisingly, telomerase RNAs with substitutions or deletion of residues potentially abolishing the conserved pseudoknot structure had wild-type levels of telomerase activity. This suggests that this base pairing interaction may not be required for telomerase activity per se but may be conserved as a regulatory site for the enzyme in vivo.