cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Semiactive Variable Stiffness Suspension System Using Combined Skyhook and Nonlinear Energy Sink-Based Controllers

This paper presents the semiactive case of a variable stiffness suspension system. The central concept is based on a recently designed variable stiffness mechanism that consists of a horizontal strut and a vertical strut, both of which are semiactively controlled by magnetorheological (MR) dampers. The vertical MR damper force is designed to track a skyhook damper force, while the horizontal strut is used is to vary the load transfer ratio by semiactively controlling the location of the point of attachment of the vertical strut to the car body. The control algorithm, effected by the horizontal MR damper, uses the concept of a nonlinear energy sink (NES) to effectively transfer the vibrational energy in the sprung mass to a control mass, thereby reducing the transfer of energy from road disturbance to the car body. The analyses and simulation results show that a better performance can be achieved by subjecting the point of attachment of a suspension system, to the chassis, to the influence of a horizontal NES system.
Genetic model of multi-step breast carcinogenesis involving the epithelium and stroma: clues to tumour-microenvironment interactions.

Although numerous studies have reported that high frequencies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at various chromosomal arms have been identified in breast cancer, differential LOH in the neoplastic epithelial and surrounding stromal compartments has not been well examined. Using laser capture microdissection, which enables separation of neoplastic epithelium from surrounding stroma, we microdissected each compartment of 41 sporadic invasive adenocarcinomas of the breast. Frequent LOH was identified in both neoplastic epithelial and/ or stromal compartments, ranging from 25 to 69% in the neoplastic epithelial cells, and from 17 to 61% in the surrounding stromal cells, respectively. The great majority of markers showed a higher frequency of LOH in the neoplastic epithelial compartment than in the stroma, suggesting that LOH in neoplastic epithelial cells might precede LOH in surrounding stromal cells. Furthermore, we sought to examine pair-wise associations of particular genetic alterations in either epithelial or stromal compartments. Seventeen pairs of markers showed statistically significant associations. We also propose a genetic model of multi-step carcinogenesis for the breast involving the epithelial and stromal compartments and note that genetic alterations occur in the epithelial compartments as the earlier steps followed by LOH in the stromal compartments. Our study strongly suggests that interactions between breast epithelial and stromal compartments might play a critical role in breast carcinogenesis and several genetic alterations in both epithelial and stromal compartments are required for breast tumour growth and progression.
Effect of Processing Additives on the Solidification of Blade‐Coated Polymer/Fullerene Blend Films via In‐Situ Structure Measurements

The use of processing additives has emerged as a powerful approach for the optimization of active layer performance in organic photovoltaic devices. However, definitive physical mechanisms explaining the impact of additives have not yet been determined. To elucidate the role of additives, we have studied the time evolution of structure in polymer-fullerene films blade-coated from additive containing solutions using in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV–vis transmission. Additives that are poor solvents for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), such as 1,8-octanedithiol, and additives that are good solvents for P3HT, such as 1-chloronapthalene, both promote improved polymer order, phase segregation, and device performance. Regardless of the presence or type of additive, the polymer order develops under conditions of extreme supersaturation. Additives, regardless of whether they are solvents for P3HT, promote earlier polymer aggregation compared to additive - free solutions presumably by degrading the solvent quality. We find evidence that the details of the final film morphology may be linked to the influence of the substrate and long-time film plasticization in the cases of the non-solvent and solvent respectively.
Uncertainty in clinical research.

“It is a fact of life that human beings find it difficult to maintain a consistent, self-conscious appreciation of the extent to which uncertainty accompanies them on their daily rounds and to integrate that uncertainty with whatever certainties inform their conduct. Physicians are not exempt from this human proclivity.” Jay Katz1
The adolescent brain and the college drinker: biological basis of propensity to use and misuse alcohol

Objective: This article reviews the literature on adolescent brain development and considers the impact of these neural alterations on the propensity to use and misuse alcohol. Methods: Neural, behavioral and hormonal characteristics of adolescents across a variety of species were examined, along with a review of the ontogeny of ethanol responsiveness, tolerance development and stress/alcohol interactions. Results: The adolescent brain is a brain in transition. Prominent among the brain regions undergoing developmental change during adolescence in a variety of species are the prefrontal cortex and other forebrain dopamine projection regions, stressor-sensitive areas that form part of the neural circuitry modulating the motivational value of alcohol and other reinforcing stimuli. Along with these characteristic brain features, adolescents also exhibit increased stressor responsivity and an altered sensitivity to a variety of ethanol effects. Findings are mixed to date as to whether exposure to ethanol duri...
A prediction algorithm for haptic collaboration

The incorporation of haptic interfaces into collaborative virtual environments suffers from setbacks due to some inherent technical problem when the users are geographically distributed. The main causes of such discrepancies are network delay, lack of view of individual participants' activities (awareness), and haptic feedback. Although some strategies exist for dealing with those concerns, they don't adequately address realism, causality, and the sense of co-presence in collaborative virtual environments during closely-coupled haptic tasks. In this paper, we propose an approach based on prediction to compensate the limitations and to visualize the whole scenario for the users in order to help them cope with existing drawbacks intuitively. We introduce a predictor which can determine lost-update messages to improvise the current state, guess the current network delay, and anticipate remote user's interaction strategy and virtual object's position/orientation based on the history.
The coming avionics utility

This paper describes the author's personal view of the near term future of avionics technology. It forecasts an ultimate consolidation of today's systems into a super-system matched to the natural requirements of future pilots.
Investigation of Wave Growth and Decay in the SWAN Model: Three Regional-Scale Applications

Abstract Wave growth and decay characteristics in a typical wave action model [Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)] are investigated in this paper. This study is motivated by generally poor agreement between model results and measurements for a regional-scale model of a two-day period during the SandyDuck '97 experiment, wherein there is consistent underprediction of lower-frequency (0.05–0.19 Hz) energy. Two separate methods are presented for improving predictions of low-frequency energy: 1) by altering the weighting of the relative wavenumber term that exists in the whitecapping formulation and 2) by disallowing the breaking of swell. The SandyDuck '97 simulation is repeated with the proposed modifications. Using the first modification, a slight improvement is seen, and with the second modification an apparent problem with nonphysical dissipation of swell by the model is corrected. The modifications are then applied to two other test cases, one in Lake Michigan and the other in the Mississippi Bight. Both...
M.I.D.A.S.--an on-line microbiology information system.

Computers, so much a part of our society, are now being used by clinical microbiologists as an aid in promptly and accurately delivering and managing specimen results. Within the laboratory structure, attention to microbiology computerization is relatively new and follows computerization of more automated laboratories such as chemistry and hematology. The microbiology laboratory has special needs, such as issuing a series of preliminary results leading to a final result, and thus systems developed initially for other diagnostic laboratories have not produced optimum microbiology additions. However, many vendor and “in-house” developed microbiology computer systems are in operation and descriptions of some of these have been reported1–5.
Gene selection and cloning approaches for co-expression and production of recombinant protein–protein complexes

Multiprotein complexes play essential roles in all cells and X-ray crystallography can provide unparalleled insight into their structure and function. Many of these complexes are believed to be sufficiently stable for structural biology studies, but the production of protein–protein complexes using recombinant technologies is still labor-intensive. We have explored several strategies for the identification and cloning of heterodimers and heterotrimers that are compatible with the high-throughput (HTP) structural biology pipeline developed for single proteins. Two approaches are presented and compared which resulted in co-expression of paired genes from a single expression vector. Native operons encoding predicted interacting proteins were selected from a repertoire of genomes, and cloned directly to expression vector. In an alternative approach, Helicobacter pylori proteins predicted to interact strongly were cloned, each associated with translational control elements, then linked into an artificial operon. Proteins were then expressed and purified by standard HTP protocols, resulting to date in the structure determination of two H. pylori complexes.
Knee instability scores for ACL reconstruction

Despite abundant biological, biomechanical, and clinical research, return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remains a significant challenge. Residual rotatory knee laxity has been identified as one of the factors responsible for poor functional outcome. To improve and standardize the assessment of knee instability, a variety of instability scoring systems is available. Recently, devices to objectively quantify static and dynamic clinical exams have been developed to complement traditional subjective grading systems. These devices enable an improved evaluation of knee instability and possible associated injuries. This additional information may promote the development of new treatment algorithms and allow for individualized treatment. In this review, the different subjective laxity scores as well as complementary objective measuring systems are discussed, along with an introduction of injury to an individualized treatment algorithm.
Analysis of Launch and Earth Departure Architectures for Near -Term Human Mars Missions

This paper presents a co mparative analysis of launch and Earth departure strategies for human Mars missions. A variety of Earth departure architectures are analyzed with regard to their trans -Mars injection capabilities (performance surrogate metric) and equipment and operational requirements (cost surrogate metric); it is assumed that aerocapture and chemical propulsion are used for all maneuvers in Mars vicinity for all architectures . The architectures are based on chemical propulsion (custom stages or Ares V Earth Departure Sta ge) as well as nuclear thermal propulsion. Consideration is also given to the impact of different Earth departure options on Mars aerocapture and Mars entry, descent and landing. The comparative aspect of the analysis consists of an iso -TMI mass analysis f or the different options. Results of the set of architectures indicate that while chemical Earth departure strategies results in a 30 – 50 % increase in the number if Ares V launches required per mission, the associated additional marginal cost may be outw eighed by the cost of developing and maintaining a nuclear thermal propulsion capability, as well as the increased marginal cost of nuclear thermal propulsion stages. In addition, chemical Earth departure strategies side -step the sensitive issue of space n uclear applications that would be associated with nuclear thermal propulsion.
Optimum Operational Parameters for Tethered, Yawed Wind Turbines

Recently, interest has arisen in tethered wind turbines which could fly at high altitudes (where wind speed is greater) and deliver energy down power lines. Turbines in the megawatt range and operating in excess of 10,000 ft. have been proposed. Such devices would take off as helicopters (with the generators acting as motors), transition to autorotation at a transition altitude, and then become power generators at higher altitudes. Naturally, for tethered turbines, the power required to keep the machines aloft must be extracted from the energy captured and cannot be used for transmission. For a stationary wind turbine on the ground, it is well-known that the optimum power can be obtained when the turbine is adjusted to slow one-third of the air speed at the rotor disk (two-thirds downstream). The resultant (maximum) power extracted is 16/27 (59%) of the incoming wind energy. However, it is not know what the optimum operational conditions are for yawed, tethered turbines which must bleed off power both to create lift and to counter cable tension. This paper uses momentum-energy concepts to determine what the optimum operational parameters would be for tethered turbines.
Limitations of the Economic Base Analysis

yet adequately verified, about the requirements around which the nation-society is organized. Second, if the term is to be meaningful for sociological theory, it will have to be taken in the above sense rather than in the modal personality structure context, this being a matter of emphasis not to deny the validity of the search for psychological differences between nationals. Third, there is no adequate theory describing the social demands as a configuration and no classification or substantial agreement on terms referring to these requirements. And finally, in the development of social organization theory consideration might be given to two aspects of national character which until this time have received little attention-the interaction between the institutional requirements and the behavior of the elites, and the role that degrees of conformity-deviation in the social structure plays as an active ingredient in the dynamics of change.
The U.S.S.R. and Third-World Conflicts: Domestic Debate and Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1967–1973

Soviet foreign policy underwent a significant change in orientation in the early 1970s. Emphasis on the pursuit of a new, more constructive relationship with the United States gave way to a primary focus on competition with the U.S. for influence and strategic presence in the third world, and there was a notable reduction of traditional restraints on the conduct of that competition. The article focuses on Soviet policy in the region and the period in which this redirection of policy was first manifested—the Middle East between the June 1967 and the October 1973 wars; it explains this major change by an analysis of the divergent images of the United States and of U.S.-Soviet relations that were held by Soviet elites, and the outcome of conflict among holders of the respective images.
Flow/acoustic interactions in open-jet wind tunnels

The objective of the present study was to determine under what conditions the edgetone type feedback phenomenon In jet/collector interaction is dominant and what role is played by the duct resonances in producing large amplitude pulsations normally observed in open jet wind tunnels under certain operating conditions. A large set of measurements were made using a 2-inch diameter nozzle and a 2.25-inch diameter collector. To establish the role of edgetone-type feedback phenomenon in jet collector interactions, the collector was first closed off with a wooden plug Acoustic data were acquired at Mach numbers of 0.1 to 0.9 in increments of 0.1 as a function of nozzle-to-collector distance. Comparison of these data with the noise spectra for the free jet (no collector) provided information on the of edgetone-type feedback phenomenon in jet collector interactions. The collector was then operated open (at both ends) for the same test conditions. The noise spectra from this configuration was compared with the closed-off collector. It provided valuable information on the ranking of the role of the of edgetone-type feedback phenomenon and the coupling between the jet instabilities and the duct resonances associated with the collector duct. Data for two nozzle-to-collector distances ( LC/D), namely, 1.3 and 2.5, are presented.
On the numerical prediction of channel segregation

Abstract The prediction of freckles in a numerical model of alloy solidification was critically evaluated through a series of simulations of the cylindrical static casting of aluminum alloy 7050. Artificial numerical constrains in the number of iterations per time step were used to exaggerate the formation of freckles for ease in understanding the mechanism behind channel initiation and propagation. It was found that initial protrusions at the solidification front caused by instabilities in the solution to the highly non-linear governing equations cause a feedback loop in the solid fraction, momentum, and composition fields that allows channels to initiate and propagate. Unfortunately, the initial instabilities in models of this type are limited to the length scale of the numerical grid rather than the dendrite arm spacing which produces such variation in their physical counterparts. For macroscale simulations where excessive grid refinement is not computationally viable, it is recommended that freckle formation be suppressed by the application of an appropriate convergence criterion and the minimization of numerical noise originating from convergence residuals.
Survey of Health Knowledge Awareness Among Residents in Sichuan Province in 2011

Objective To understand the basic situation of health knowledge awareness among the residents in Sichuan Province in 2011 and provide scientific basis for developing intervention strategies.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted with Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method.Results A total of 6546 residents were surveyed and the health awareness rate was 72.6%.Awareness rates of residents showed significant difference between rural and urban areas,minority areas and non-minority areas,males and females as well as whether or not engaged in health service work.There were 5 knowledge points with an awareness rate below 60%.Conclusion Further investigation is in demand concerning understanding on the weak knowledge aspects.
Hepatitis A and B.

Viral hepatitis acquired after the neonatal period has been of two types, distinguished generally by their different incubation periods. Now better designated hepatitis A and hepatitis B, the history, clinical picture, differential diagnosis, and therapy of these disorders are discussed.
Causes and cures VIII: Environmental violence

Abstract The past two years have been a landmark moment for violence prevention, with the publication of The Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014; a historic resolution on violence by the 67th World Health Assembly; and the release of multiple documents on violence by international and United Nations entities, with a corresponding building of momentum in scholarship. Most notably, in September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, addressing the need for violence prevention at an unprecedented scale. In this context, more than ever, violence studies have become a field of its own right. Still, a systematic approach of the topic has been lacking, and no textbook yet synthesizes the knowledge of multiple disciplines toward a cogent understanding. This article is the eighth of a series of fifteen articles that will cover, as an example, an outline of the Global Health Studies course entitled, “Violence: Causes and Cures,” reviewing the major bio-psycho-social and structural-environmental perspectives on violence. Environmental violence, as defined here, includes: (a) the violence between people(s) over natural resources; (b) environmental policies that can be violent against people; (c) the secondary violence from the natural world as a result of human degradation of the earth; and (d) direct damage to the environment by humans that threatens their own survival. We discuss the link between perception of scarcity, access to resources, the political economy, and the urgent problem of environmental violence.
Methods in landscape ecology

This chapter is particularly important because it is an attempt to quantify, using different approaches, the main attributes of a landscape. Routines and practical examples are provided to guide the reader through a number of ways to quantify many but not all the attributes of landscapes.
Cómo sacar el máximo partido de la inversión directa extranjera en la banca comercial .

En este articulo, se analiza el impacto de la inversion directa extranjera (IDE) en la eficacia de empresas locales en el sector de la banca comercial. La IDE en la banca se ha acelerado rapidamente en la ultima decada, especialmente en America Latina y en los paises de Europa del Este. A pesar del aumento del numero de bancos extranjeros, siguen siendo muchas las restricciones para poder operar y ser competitivos. Ademas, la IDE en la banca sigue siendo un tema polemico, ya que los sistemas bancarios son importantes para una economia saludable. En el articulo se defiende que para sacar el maximo partido a la IDE, los gobiernos deben centrarse en mejorar el entorno institucional general y en reducir la carga normativa de las empresas. Las normas que animan la competitividad y que permiten la entrada libre aumentan al maximo el efecto positivo que la inversion en banca extranjera tiene en la eficacia de la banca local.
Imaging of Craniopharyngiomas and Radiologic Differential Diagnosis

Abstract Craniopharyngiomas have the most heterogeneous radiologic appearance of any suprasellar neoplasm. Two distinct pathologic types exist (adamantinomatous and papillary). Although a suprasellar location is most common, these neoplasms can also arise primarily in the sella; rarely, they can arise in unusual locations such as the third ventricle or nasopharynx. Since the suprasellar cistern is home to a large number of other neoplasms, as well as developmental, vascular, and inflammatory lesions, the multitude of potential appearances of craniopharyngioma can offer a formidable challenge in arriving at the correct diagnosis. In particular, the radiologic characteristics of Rathke cleft cyst can overlap that of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Fortunately, knowledge of the appearances of craniopharyngiomas on radiologic studies, along with the complementary roles played by CT and MR imaging in the evaluation of intrasellar and suprasellar lesions, enable the interpreting physician to arrive at an accurate and relatively short differential diagnosis in most cases.
Changing the Domestic Violence Narrative: Aligning Definitions and Standards

Many states use a broad legal definition of domestic violence that includes intimate partner violence along with family violence, and it is from this broader conceptualization that the criminal justice system intervenes and often treats all types of offenders in the same way. This judicial response can include a mandate to attend a Batterer Intervention Program-type group, which does little to address violence that occurs outside of the “traditional” partner violence paradigm. In order to advance interventions for physical partner violence that adequately address both male and female perpetration, as well as the broader conceptualization of domestic violence, we must align definitions and standards among researchers, service providers, advocates, policymakers, and the public health and criminal justice systems. Examples of how this misalignment has stalled progress in offender treatment are discussed and a plan for enabling continued innovation in the field is presented.
Is Myocarditis an Independent Risk Factor for Post-Transplant Mortality in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients?

Background— Previous studies suggest that children with myocarditis who receive heart transplantation (HT) may be at higher risk of post-transplant mortality compared with children who are transplanted for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that these differences are because of more severe heart failure at HT in children with myocarditis. Methods and Results— We identified 221 children with myocarditis and 1583 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy who were <18 years old and listed for HT in the United States between July 2004 and December 2013 using the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database. We compared baseline characteristics at listing and at HT and used Cox models to determine whether myocarditis is independently associated with wait-list mortality (or becoming too sick to transplant) or post-transplant graft loss (death/re-HT). Children with myocarditis were more likely to be listed while on assisted ventilation, mechanical circulatory support and with renal dysfunction. Overall, 137 children with myocarditis and 1249 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy received HT. In unadjusted analysis, children with myocarditis were at higher risk of wait-list mortality (hazard ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.5–3.0) and showed a trend toward increased risk of post-transplant graft loss (hazard ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.0–2.2). However, in adjusted analysis, myocarditis was not associated with wait-list mortality (hazard ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 0.9–1.9) or post-transplant graft loss (hazard ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 0.9–2.0). Conclusions— Among children listed for HT, those with myocarditis have more severe heart failure than children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. After adjustment for severity of illness, myocarditis does not confer additional risk for wait-list or post-transplant mortality.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blocking the Interaction between Platelet Glycoprotein Ibα and the Leukocyte Integrin α M β 2 .

The interaction between the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (α M β 2 ) and platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα allows leukocytes to firmly adhere to platelet thrombi, enabling their subsequent transmigration into the vessel wall. This interaction is blocked by the GP Ibα monoclonal antibody AP1, which we have previously mapped to the GP Ibα sequence Arg218 to Tyr228. In the current investigation we examined the effectiveness of a GP Ibα-based peptide containing the AP1 epitope in blocking platelet-leukocyte interactions under flow and in an inflammation model based on corneal wound healing. The peptide bound the α M I-domain specifically and saturably and was able to inhibit several GP Ibα-dependent functions under flow: the adhesion of GP Ib-IX complex-expressing CHO cells to immobilized α M I-domain, the adhesion of THP-1 cells - a monocytic cell line expressing α M β 2 - to immobilized glycocalicin (soluble extracellular region of GP Ibα ), adhesion of activated THP-1 cells to surface-adherent GP Ib-IX complex-expressing CHO cells, and the binding of neutrophils to immobilized glycocalicin or a platelet monolayer. We therefore tested whether the peptide could inhibit inflammatory processes that may be dependent on the interactions between platelets and neutrophils. Neutrophils play an important role in corneal wound healing, but because the cornea is avascular, they must migrate to the wound from the limbal vessels at the periphery of the cornea. Therefore we chose this model of mouse corneal wounding as we have previously demonstrated that antibody-induced platelet depletion markedly reduces neutrophil localization and emigration from the limbal vessels and therefore postulated that platelets may directly facilitate neutrophil emigration. In our model, a 2 mm wound was made at the center of the cornea by removing the epithelium without injuring the stroma. Neutrophil infiltration across the cornea, from periphery to center, was assessed at 12 and 30 hr after the injury. Mice were injected with either AP1 peptide or control peptide (scrambled AP1 peptide) three times at 4 hour intervals beginning immediately after corneal wounding. Mice treated with AP1 peptide showed markedly fewer neutrophils infiltrating all regions of the cornea. These results indicate that the interaction between GP Ibα and Mac-1 is required for efficient leukocyte extravasation. They also suggest that drugs targeting the GP Ibα-α M β 2 axis could have anti-inflammatory properties without compromising hemostasis, as the peptide had minimal effects on the interaction of GP Ibα with von Willebrand factor.
Graft Use in Bulbar Urethroplasty

Abstract The gold standard for bulbar urethroplasty has been excision and primary anastomosis. Application of this approach is generally limited to strictures that are 2 cm or less in the bulbar urethra due to penile shortening. Strictures greater than 2 cm are successfully treated with augmentation urethroplasty wherein the narrowed segment is not excised but widened with the use of a skin flap or a tissue graft. Buccal mucosa is the most prevalent tissue for bulbar urethral stricture repair for strictures greater than 2 cm. Outcomes for the different graft locations are similar, approximately 90%.
Differentially private objective functions in distributed cloud-based optimization

In this work, we study the problem of keeping the objective functions of individual agents ∊-differentially private in cloud-based distributed optimization, where agents are subject to global constraints and seek to minimize local objective functions. The communication architecture between agents is cloud-based - instead of communicating directly with each other, they coordinate by sharing states through a trusted cloud computer. In this problem, the difficulty is twofold: the objective functions are used repeatedly in every iteration, and the influence of perturbing them extends to other agents and lasts over time. To solve the problem, we analyze the propagation of perturbations on objective functions over time, and derive an upper bound on them. With the upper bound, we design a noise-adding mechanism that randomizes the cloud-based distributed optimization algorithm to keep the individual objective functions ∊-differentially private. In addition, we study the trade-off between the privacy of objective functions and the performance of the new cloud-based distributed optimization algorithm with noise. We present simulation results to numerically verify the theoretical results presented.
Determinants of early conformance with information security policies

Abstract Individuals often fail to perform the security behaviors their organizations request to protect informational assets. However, forcing individuals into the compliance can trigger undesired behaviors. We propose a model grounded in Theory of Planned Behavior and information security literature to study determinants of early conformance toward technology-enforced security policies. The model was tested with 535 respondents from a university that implemented new password policies. The results show support for all the proposed relationships, except that subjective norm does not affect intentions. This important finding is explained by the leading role of early conformers, which highlights the importance of context-specific theorizing by researchers.
If the word “sizemik” has a red line under it, maybe you should run spell check

One of the least pleasant tasks of the Editor-in-Chief is to reject a paper. Sometimes the paper is rejected because the data do not support the conclusions. Other times the paper is rejected because it is in a format suitable for an internal technical report rather than for a referenced scientific
Aortic Stenosis: Supravalvular

Annual follow up of both operated and unoperated patients with SupraAS at a regional ACHD center
Corrigendum to “Cohomological finite-generation for finite supergroup schemes” [Adv. Math. 288 (2016) 1360–1432]

Abstract The main theorem of the author's article Drupieski (2016) [2] is proved by way of verifying Conjecture 5.4.1 of the author's earlier work Drupieski (2013) [1] . However, the aforementioned conjecture does not make sense as written. The purpose of this note is to give a formulation of the conjecture that does make sense, and then to describe the required modifications to its proof.
Inflammatory Mediators in Xanthelasma Palpebrarum: Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study.

PURPOSE To evaluate the expression of inflammatory mediators in xanthelasma palpebrarum. METHODS In this retrospective histopathologic case-control study, xanthelasma specimens obtained from the private practice and pathology archives of 1 author (R.Z.S.) were analyzed and compared with the blepharoplasty tissues from age- and sex-matched controls. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and CD3, CD20, CD163, cyclooxygenase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and myeloperoxidase antibodies. Immunostaining was quantified by light microscopy and with a computerized image analysis system of scanned images. RESULTS Hematoxylin-eosin-stained preparations of xanthelasma specimens demonstrated significantly more intense chronic lymphocytic infiltrate when compared with the control blepharoplasty tissues (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical studies revealed more intense CD3+ T cell and CD163+ histiocytic infiltrate (11% vs. 5%; p = 0.02 and 28% vs. 5%; p = 0.003, respectively) and increased expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (44% vs. 20% expressing cells; p < 0.001 and 21% vs. 9% strongly expressing cells; p = 0.008) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (43% vs. 26% expressing cells; p = 0.03 and 42% vs. 25% strongly expressing cells; p = 0.02) in xanthelasma specimens compared with control tissues. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory milieu in xanthelasma appears to be analogous to descriptions of the early stages of cardiac atherosclerotic plaque formation. These findings may contribute to the understanding of xanthelasma pathogenesis and to the development of potential targeted therapies.
Efficient Free Space Reclamation in WAFL

NetApp®WAFL® is a transactional file system that uses the copy-on-write mechanism to support fast write performance and efficient snapshot creation. However, copy-on-write increases the demand on the file system to find free blocks quickly, which makes rapid free space reclamation essential. Inability to find free blocks quickly may impede allocations for incoming writes. Efficiency is also important, because the task of reclaiming free space may consume CPU and other resources at the expense of client operations. In this article, we describe the evolution (over more than a decade) of the WAFL algorithms and data structures for reclaiming space with minimal impact to the overall performance of the storage appliance.
Representations of SU(2) and SO(3)

For the case of \(G=U(1)\), in chapter 2 we were able to classify all complex irreducible representations by an element of \(\mathbf Z\) and explicitly construct each irreducible representation. We would like to do the same thing here for representations of SU(2) and SO(3).
Sintering behaviors of micron-sized ceramic rod features

Abstract When ceramic features decrease to much smaller sizes, such as in the micron range, the dominating sintering mechanism(s) can be different from those of the bulk at large scales. In this work, the sintering behaviors of ZnO rod features of ∼4 μm diameter are studied. The rods and the bulk of the ZnO ceramics have different behaviors in shrinkage, grain growth, and densification. Sintering mechanisms are mainly grain boundary diffusion controlled densification and pore gas diffusion controlled grain growth, but with the major difference associated with a factor Ng/Nb (Ng, average pore number per grain; Nb, average pore number per grain boundary) based on the theoretical modeling and Voronoi diagram simulation. The smaller Ng/Nb for the micron-sized features leads to enhanced grain growth, and the higher exposed surface area leads to larger shrinkage; both can be explained using nominal Dgs/Dgb. Nanoparticle agglomeration can potentially affect grain growth in the rods during sintering and should be further studied.
Designing approximation schemes for stochastic optimization problems, in particular for stochastic programs with recourse

Various approximation schemes for stochastic optimization problems involving either approximates of the probability measures and/or approximates of the objective functional, are investigated. We discuss their potential implementation as part of general procedures for solving stochastic programs with recourse.
Advances in Computational Identification and Modeling of DNA Regulatory Elements in the Human Genome

Identification of DNA regulatory elements in the human genome remains a significant challenge. Variation in these regulatory elements can contribute to disease in many ways by altering protein levels. Enhancers constitute an important class of these DNA regulatory elements, and a major component of current research is focused on a more complete understanding of enhancer function and improved techniques for enhancer detection. We recently developed a computational approach to identify enhancers from primary DNA sequence using a support vector machine (kmer-SVM) framework. Here we show that the kmer-SVM model can accurately predict tissue specific enhancer activity without any prior knowledge about TF binding sites. We adapt this approach to predict genomic TF binding data generated by the ENCODE project, showing that genomic MYC binding can be accurately predicted from local DNA sequence with the kmer-SVM. We find similar accuracy with an SVM using PWMs representing known TF binding specificities. By integrating Chip-seq and expression data, we show that while much of MYC binding is shared between ENCODE cell types and is promoter proximal, cell-type specific MYC binding is distal and is correlated with enhanced cell-specific expression of nearby (~50kb) genes. The distinction between shared and cell-specific MYC binding is determined by DNA sequence variation around the canonical MYC binding site, which by itself cannot distinguish cell-specific binding events. These results suggest that tissue specific enhancer activity is specified by primary DNA sequence, that local sequence context controls tissue specific activity through cooperative TF interactions, and that local context sequence features can be identified from genomic binding data.
Phonon, Spin-Wave, and Defect Contributions to the Low-Temperature Specific Heat of α-FeOOH

The specific heat of α-FeOOH was measured in the temperature range 0.6 to 30 K by a combination of semi-adiabatic and isothermal techniques. A broad specific-heat anomaly was detected at approximately 1 K. The data above this anomaly were fitted to the equation C=B asw T 3 e −Δ/T +∑ B n T n, where ∑ B n T n represents the harmonic-lattice model for the lattice specific heat, and B asw T 3 e −Δ/T represents the magnetic specific heat. The e −Δ/T term that modifies the usual T 3 term for an antiferromagnetic spin-wave contribution accounts for a spin-wave gap in the spin-wave spectrum, where Δ is the width of the spin-wave gap in Kelvin. As expected, the root-mean-square deviation (RMS) of the fit decreased progressively with inclusion of additional lattice terms, but the Debye temperature, Θ D , and the spin-wave gap, Δ, remained essentially unchanged. The addition of a linear term, γT, decreased the RMS of the fit and eliminated the need for an excessive number of lattice terms. The γT contribution to the specific heat, rather than being electronic in nature, is associated either with a small number of Fe3+ vacancies, or with loosely bound particles vibrating in defect sites in the crystallite interfaces. The possibility of the existence of vacancies is implied by the excess water content in the sample (0.083 moles of H2O per mole of FeOOH) and the presence of the interfaces is indicated by the particle size (determined by BET surface area measurement) being larger than the individual crystallite size (determined by X-ray diffraction).
Fair access to stem cells.

While a great deal has been written about the moral status of the early embryo, comparatively little has been written about larger issues of social justice within which stem cell research takes place. The authors of "Public Stem Cell Banks: Considerations of Justice in Stem Cell Research" take a novel approach to the issue of justice in stem cell line access. What is particularly salient in the article is the authors' concern to establish the kind of stem cell banks that might ameliorate the problem of "unequal biological access." As the authors show, this is a justice concern of high order: unless we create stem cell lines that deliberately mirror the biological diversity of the American population, the consequence will be a public bank that, intentionally or not, is likely to deprive minority ethnic and ancestral groups of the benefits of developing stem cell therapies. Such a system would, in the authors' view, perpetuate a history of injustice to American ethnic minorities. In addition to the legacy of Tuskegee in medical research, the Human Genome Diversity Project had a questionable early history of DNA-typing indigenous populations in the Global South to benefit the Global North. In this context, the authors' proposal merits careful attention. The authors consider three strategies for arriving at just access to stem cell therapies in American society: (1) a "coverage maximizing" strategy, a utilitarian calculus that "allows the greatest percentage of the population to find a matching line in the bank" by storing the most common haplotypes; (2) an "equal chances" strategy, which would give "all who it is feasible to include an equal chance at having their HLA in the bank" through a randomized process of inclusion; and (3) an "ancestral-ethnic representation" strategy, which would select stem cell lines containing common alleles within major population groups. The ancestral-ethnic strategy would make a stem cell bank "useful to the same percentage of patients from each ethnic category." In contrast, the coverage maximizing strategy, by seeking to benefit the largest number of people, would favor Caucasians. The equal chances strategy would use a "Rawlsian" randomized method of selecting HLA types, and although the procedure itself might be fair, the fairness of its outcome cannot be predicted. In a sense, the ancestral-ethnic representation strategy, which the authors advocate, seems to me to be a kind of affirmative action for stem cell lines and HLA-matching, although it would aim not so much to redress past imbalances as to avoid exacerbating them. …
Bifurcation phenomena arising in the cell cycle networks

Time-dependent regulation by the network of intracellular proteins that leads a cell to its duplication through cell-division can be modeled by nonlinear autonomous coupled ordinary differential equations. Two such models restricted to different phases of the cell cycle are presented. Numerical simulations of these models that represent biological events are addressed. Results of bifurcation analysis performed on these models that leads to two special phenomena, hysteresis and period doubling, are included and the biological significance is discussed.
Semiotics: A Fresh Start for Law

Important focus on signs in law are the result of (a) the concept of a sign itself, (b) the importance of culture in this context, (c) signs as a power of merging law and semiotics, and (d) the community as a precondition for signs. Law refers to Peirce’s definition of a sign and should therefore accept its triple relationship as constitutive: the “interpretant” is mediator in understanding signs. A sign on itself is not a sign: there is always a context, a community, a language or at least another person needed to cause a sign to be a sign! Yet, we all (lawyers included) talk about signs as if they were things. The “as if” is law’s fundamental figure called ‘fiction’. Peirce underlines how every thought contains the idea of a triadic relation: “a sign is a thing related to an object and determining in the interpreter an interpreting sign of the same object” he writes, and involves the relation between sign, interpreting sign, and object. The latter are social issues and therefore essential for law—as essential as they were for medicine in Ancient Greek thought formation pertaining to medicine. The “Cf.” as a sign in law is an example here.
Sequential Zonal Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cartilage Matrices.

Engineering approaches that mimic the process of fetal development have the potential to regenerate the zonal organization of articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to investigate the...
The Making of Consumer Culture in Modern Britain. By Peter Gurney. (London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. Pp. viii, 274. $110.00.)

Consumption—consumerism—is widely claimed as the prime source of self‐definition and identity in today's world, a clamant phenomenon the ideology, discourse, and practice of which has been attracti...
Moral Restorative Justice: A Political Genealogy of Activism and Neoliberalism in the United States

For decades, left proponents of restorative justice have wondered if their preference for “less state” would attract complex bedfellows and political alliances. But it was only as the crisis of mass incarceration hit American cultural and political consciousness that a wide range of libertarian and conservative political organizations and actors began to promote restorative ideals. This Article traces changing political, theological, and ideological articulations of restorative justice from the 1970s to now, knit together by a common grammar of relationality. It argues that today, restorative justice exemplifies a distinctively moral form of neoliberalism, complicating the arguments of scholars who describe rightwing criminal justice reform as exemplifying cost-cutting and efficiency. This account of restorative justice, in turn, reveals different possibilities and dangers for bipartisan collaborations: moral-relational values may be genuinely shared as they compete to establish highly disparate political, economic, and social visions.