cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FFT-Based Block Processing in Speech Enhancement: Potential Artifacts and Solutions

Most speech enhancement applications perform frequency shaping by means of multiplication in the frequency domain. Operating in the frequency domain is equivalent to convolution in the time domain. In these speech enhancement algorithms, the updating of frequency response alone cannot ensure the fulfillment of the conditions required for multiplication in frequency to correspond to linear convolution instead of circular convolution. As a result, artifacts and distortions may be present in the output of a standard fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithm. Typical methods to deal with these artifacts involve overlapping and windowing. However, even using these strategies, artifacts may be perceptually noticeable under certain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions and/or when a high sampling frequency is employed. This paper analyzes the efficiency of the standard methods, explains the source of these distortions, provides a perceptual evidence of these artifacts, and proposes two alternative methods to perform artifact-free and distortion-free FFT convolution. These methods are based on the extension of the impulse response and the splitting of the impulse response in two impulse responses, operations that are performed in the frequency-domain. Computational costs and performance of the proposed techniques are also discussed.
Exploring Important Influences on the Healthfulness of Prostate Cancer Survivors’ Diets

A cancer diagnosis is often conceptualized as a teachable moment when individuals might be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Many prostate cancer survivors, however, do not adhere to dietary guidelines. In this article, we explore how cancer affected prostate cancer survivors' diets and identify important influences on diet. Twenty prostate cancer survivors completed three 24-hour dietary recalls and an in-depth dietary interview. We analyzed interviews using a constant comparison approach, and dietary recall data quantitatively to assess quality and qualitatively to identify food choice patterns. Most men reported not making dietary changes following their cancer diagnosis but did express an interest in healthy eating, primarily to facilitate weight loss. Men portrayed barriers to healthy eating that often outweighed their motivation to eat healthy. Public health programs should consider alternative ways of framing healthy eating programs for prostate cancer survivors that might be more effective than a cancer-specific focus.
Thermal fatigue reliability modeling and analysis of BGA socket assembly in system board with preloaded use condition

Heat sink (HS) as thermo-mechanical solution is widely used in modern electronic packaging system including mobile, desktop and server machines to improve and maintain system thermal performance by removing heat away from IC component such as flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) package and BGA socket. With increased power dissipation need, heat sinks usually carry considerable amount of mass and preload over the components in order to have optimal thermal engagement during operation, which greatly impact reliability performance of BGA solder joint under various reliability tests. Thermal test data show that the most failure locations of BGA balls in BGA socket are located off the package corner that can not be predicted by using traditional strain or energy based metric. Therefore developing a predictive modeling tool with physics based metric in assessing reliability performance of preloaded BGA solder joint still remains a challenge. A nonlinear finite element model including BGA socket and preload heat sink was developed for both standard and system level boards to investigate preload effect on thermo-mechanical reliability performance. Numerical modeling results show that potential failure locations of BGA balls can be identified by maximum principal stress and be correlated well with thermal cyclic validation test. An advanced fatigue life model with mean stress effect and inelastic strain range is also proposed for calculation of initial fatigue life for BGA solder joint.
Prognostic significance of CD20 expression in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

CD20 expression is associated with inferior survival in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We analyzed the prognostic impact of CD20 expression in 353 children with B-cell precursor ALL treated in 3 consecutive St Jude Total Therapy studies. CD20 expression (> 20%) was found in 169 patients (48%) and was more frequent in patients between 1 and 10 years of age than in those younger than 1 or older than 10 years (P = .001). None of 14 patients with MLL-AF4 expressed CD20. There was no association between CD20 expression and E2A-PBX, TEL-AML1, ploidy, white blood cell count at diagnosis, or sex. In contrast to the experience in adult ALL, our patients with CD20 expression tended to have a better treatment outcome than those without the expression: 5-year event-free survival 84% ± 2.9% versus 78% ± 3.1% (P = .08). These data suggest that CD20 expression is not associated with inferior outcome in pediatric patients treated with contemporary regimens.
Right Place, Right Time

When new loci are implicated in human disease, further inquiry is needed to translate these findings into bench and bedside applications: What are the causal genes within the identified loci, and in what networks, tissues, cell types, and time periods do they act to contribute to disease? Answering these questions can be challenging, but the work of Willsey et al. on autism demonstrates that success can be achieved through collection and systematic analysis of multiple large-scale data sets. The researchers seeded their study with nine genes implicated in autism, on the basis of at least two loss-of-function (LOF) de novo mutations identified from autism probands and coexpression data from the BrainSpan project, which spans 15 consecutive periods of neurodevelopment from fetal stages into adulthood. Integration and enrichment analysis of these data jointly identified three spatiotemporal networks associated with autism. The researchers then found that additional de novo LoF mutations in affected probands were enriched in other genes found within the three implicated networks. Next, they queried their networks using human brain layer–specific expression data from BrainSpan and coexpression assays in mouse brain in order to identify the specific layer of brain (the inner cortical plate) and the time period (midfetal,10 to 19 weeks after conception) important for pathogenicity. Last, they used a set of marker genes to distinguish among multiple cell types spanning superficial and deep cortical layers of the developing human brain, finding enrichment in cortical glutamatergic projection neurons, specific to the deep cortical layer. The researchers suggest that additional gene networks will likely be implicated in risk to autism, but this work of Willsey et al. is an important initial advance, identifying genes acting in the right place and the right time for autism predisposition. That these important findings were initiated through careful integration and analysis of multiple large public data sets highlights the promise of big data and the need for the development of tools that enable researchers to meaningfully integrate and interrogate these data. A. J. Willsey et al ., Coexpression networks implicate human midfetal deep cortical projection neurons in the pathogenesis of autism. Cell 155 , 997–1007 (2013). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(13)01296-8
The adult attachment interview and self‐reports of romantic attachment: Associations across domains and methods

Two lines of research on adult attachment have emerged; both are based on Bowlby and Ainsworth's attachment theory, which in turn relies on evolutionary theory. Investigators in one tradition use the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) to assess “state of mind with respect to attachment.” The AAI has been validated primarily by its ability to predict the attachment classification of an interviewee's child in Ainsworth's “strange situation.” Investigators in the second tradition use self-report measures to assess romantic “attachment style.” The self-report measures have been validated by their ability to predict features of romantic/marital relationships. Although the two constructs. state of mind and romantic attachment, are importantly different and so would not be expected to relate highly, some of their components, especially ability to depend on attachment figures, should be related if both stem from a person's attachment history. We report associations between components, or aspects, of the two measures. Overlap occurs mainly in the areas of comfort depending on attachment figures and comfort serving as an attachment figure for others. Implications of the findings for attachment theory and research, as well as for evolutionary psychology, are discussed.
Dynamic Portfolio Decisions with Time-VaryingAsset Returns and Labor Income

This article establishes a basic framework on a portfolio model for a financial fund that manages savings for retirement income and for which the inflows to the fund are asset returns as well as labor income. It suggests a practical way to rebalance portfolios as new information on returns and labor income become available. The rebalancing of the portfolio is guided by estimated low-frequency components of asset returns and labor income. For the actual saving and asset allocation decisions, the author uses a new numerical procedure as guidance. First, low-frequency components for asset returns and labor income are estimated through spectral analysis. Second, after filtering out the low-frequency components of actual U.S. time-series data on asset returns and labor income data, the procedure is used to solve for dynamic saving and asset allocation decisions. Third, along the line of Campbell and Viceira [CV, 2002], he explores the effects of varying risk aversion and varying time horizon, across investors. Whereas CV, in their solution technique, use a constant consumption–wealth ratio and a constant equity premium, the author allows both to be time varying. The optimal saving decisions, asset allocation, welfare of investors, as well as fate of the wealth of the investors are explored for the actual time-series data. The dynamic portfolio decision model allows for online decisions, as the low-frequency data on asset returns and labor income are available in real time. The method is set up in a way so that it also helps to make retirement fund decisions for various types of investors.
Researchers Mine Information from Next-Generation Subsurface Flow Simulations

A research team based at Virginia Tech University leveraged computing resources at the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Oak Ridge National Laboratory to explore subsurface multiphase flow phenomena that can't be experimentally observed. Using the Cray XK7 Titan supercomputer at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, the team took Micro-CT images of subsurface geologic systems and created two-phase flow simulations. The team's model development has implications for computational research pertaining to carbon sequestration, oil recovery, and contaminant transport.
Molecular catch bonds and the anti-Hammond effect in polymer mechanochemistry.

While the field of polymer mechanochemistry has traditionally focused on the use of mechanical forces to accelerate chemical processes, theoretical considerations predict an underexplored alternative: the suppression of reactivity through mechanical perturbation. Here, we use electronic structure calculations to analyze the mechanical reactivity of six mechanophores, or chemical functionalities that respond to mechanical stress in a controlled manner. Our computational results indicate that appropriately directed tensile forces could attenuate (as opposed to facilitate) mechanochemical phenomena. Accompanying experimental studies supported the theoretical predictions and demonstrated that relatively simple computational models may be used to design new classes of mechanically responsive materials. In addition, our computational studies and theoretical considerations revealed the prevalence of the anti-Hammond (as opposed to Hammond) effect (i.e., the increased structural dissimilarity between the reactant...
Analysis on running status of Shenyang municipal measles laboratory network during 2011-2013

Objective To evaluate the running status of the Shenyang municipal measles laboratory network during 2011-2013.Methods The detection results of the measles laboratory network and the data of the measles surveillance system during 2011-2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The detection results of measles viral serological detection,viral isolation,genotyping and antibody monitoring results in the healthy population were analyzed and the quality control of the laboratory network was evaluated.Results 588 cases of suspected measles were reported by the Shenyang municipal measles monitoring system,515 cases were definitely diagnosed,in which 275 cases(51.79%)were diagnosed by laboratory;515serum samples were collected during 2011-2013,the collection rate was 87.59%,in which 504 samples were qualified and had the laboratory results,the sample detection rate was97.86%.111 samples of measles virus isolation were collected during 2011-2013,the measles viral isolation rate was37.84%.34 isolated strains of measles virus were verified as H1 agenotype.The Shenyang municipal measles laboratory passed the proficiency test and the serum samples recheck organized by the Liaoning provincial measles laboratory during 2011-2013,moreover passed the on-spot examination by the Liaoning provincial measles laboratory.The measles IgG antibody positive rate in the healthy population was 95.24%,the protective rate was 78.10%,the positive rate of first immune was 94.12%,the geometric mean titer(GMT)was 1∶2 269.86.Conclusion The running status of the Shenyang measles laboratory network is well during 2011-2013.It could play an important role in measles monitoring.The laboratory operation should be continued to normalized and the laboratory network management should be strengthened.
Discussion on IT Teaching

The paper proposes new teaching method on IT under the present situation. Choosing good textbook, stimulating students' interests in studying IT and using new teaching method will improve the quality of our teaching. The main point of the paper is to introducing the use of driving method. Changing the teaching ideas and models to fit the students' characters will make the students learn more from the class.
Fate of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children with Neuropathic Bladders Managed by Intermittent Catheterization

AbstractDuring the last 9 years 49 children with vesicoureteral reflux and neurogenic bladder dysfunction were treated with intermittent catheterization. Reflux spontaneously abated in 22 of 72 ureters (31 per cent). Reflux has been followed non-operatively in 17 ureters without renal deterioration. Reimplantation was successful in 24 ureters. In no instance was there ureterovesical obstruction or recurrence of the reflux and in none of the 12 unilateral reimplantations did contralateral reflux develop. Our experience suggests that children with reflux may be managed safely by intermittent catheterization, and that ureteroneocystostomy is reliable and effective in neurogenic bladder disease provided that bladder dysfunction is controlled.
Results from core-edge experiments in high Power, high performance plasmas on DIII-D

Abstract Significant challenges to reducing divertor heat flux in highly powered near-double null divertor (DND) hybrid plasmas, while still maintaining both high performance metrics and low enough density for application of RF heating, are identified. For these DNDs on DIII-D, the scaling of the peak heat flux at the outer target (q⊥P) ∝ [PSOL x IP] 0.92 for PSOL = 8−19 MW and IP = 1.0–1.4 MA, and is consistent with standard ITPA scaling for single-null H-mode plasmas. Two divertor heat flux reduction methods were tested. First, applying the puff-and-pump radiating divertor to DIII-D plasmas may be problematical at high power and H98 (≥ 1.5) due to improvement in confinement time with deuterium gas puffing which can lead to unacceptably high core density under certain conditions. Second, q⊥P for these high performance DNDs was reduced by ≈35% when an open divertor is closed on the common flux side of the outer divertor target (“semi-slot”) but also that heating near the slot opening is a significant source for impurity contamination of the core.
The role of exercise in child asthma's combat and management

For a long time, people have different ideas about whether asthmatic children can participating in sports as others and how to exercise they need. As restricted by the possibility that exercise may induce asthma, the level of asthmatic children' s exercise is lower than their classmates. Research in recent years in abroad have showed that exercise is not only helpful to children's growth and development psycho`gicat health,but also helpful to asthmatic children's sympton control, reducing asthma exacerbation, reducing medication use and impoving their quality of life, and asthmatic children can exercise safely as long as been managed appropriatly. Scholars have paied more and more attention to the importance of exercise in children asthma' s management, and exercise prescription had been recommended as an important part of children asthma' s management in abroad. Key words: Exercise; Child; Asthma; Management
Support Grandparents Give to Their Adult Grandchildren.

Objectives Many grandparents are involved in young grandchildren's lives, but we know little about grandparents' support of adult grandchildren. This study assessed frequency of different types of support that grandparents provided to adult grandchildren and examined potential explanations for such support (e.g., affection, grandchildren's needs, parents' support). Method Grandparents in The Family Exchanges Study Wave 2 (N = 198; Mage = 80.19) reported how often they provided six types of support to a focal adult grandchild. Results Multiple regressions revealed that grandparents' affective ties with an adult grandchild were associated with more frequent listening, emotional support, and companionship. Grandparents also provided more frequent emotional support to adult grandchildren when parents incurred life problems, and more frequent companionship and financial support when parents were not employed. Moreover, grandparents' listening, advice, and companionship with adult grandchildren were positively associated with the parents providing these types of support to grandchildren. Discussion Consistent with solidarity theory, grandparents experiencing greater affective ties with their grandchildren are invested in these ties regardless of family needs. Findings also offer limited evidence for the family watchdog model in that grandparents provide more support to grandchildren when parents incur problems, even though those parents may still provide support.
Method Development in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

This chapter provides a perspective on packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method development. Density and temperature programming is preferred for low-polarity analytes on low-polarity columns. For polar compounds it is necessary to optimize column polarity, use a mobile phase modifier, and in some cases, an additive is also necessary. Polar interactions from the stationary and mobile phases can be manipulated to provide the method developer tools for separation optimization. Chiral separations are governed by a multitude of interactions making development more trial and error. SFC offers a wide range of detection possibilities from conventional gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detectors as well as mass spectrometry.
Bariatric Surgery Improves Quality of Life and Results in More Weight Loss Than Intensive Medical Therapy.

Bariatric surgery using Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy was more effective than intensive medical therapy at improving quality of life and helping patients lose weight and reduce the need for medications. Anemia was more common with sleeve gastrectomy, and approximately 4% of patients in the surgical groups required a second surgery.
INTEGRATING CYBERSPACE and INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: The Co-Evolution Dilemma

As cyberspace and international politics now start to shape each other, we have few conceptual anchors to understand the mutual influences and dependencies. This paper proposes a way of integrating international relations and cyberspace: Specifically, we (1) develop an alignment strategy to connect the Internet, the core of cyberspace, and international relations (2) introduce the control point analysis, a method to explicate dynamics among cyber-actors, in terms of their relative power and influence, and (3) highlight co- evolution parameters shaping the joint future.
The effects of a buddy bench on elementary students’ solitary behavior during recess

Social skill instruction and school-wide positive behavior support have been found to be effective in treating students with emotional and behavioral disorders. However, students with internalizing behavior are often overlooked for interventions that could improve academic outcomes and prevent problems that might have serious implications, including social withdrawal, social isolation, and suicidal ideation. In this study, a multiple baseline across participants design was used across two elementary school recess playgrounds to evaluate a “buddy bench” intervention, which utilized peers to help socially withdrawn students to decrease social isolation behavior. Students in Grades 1 to 6 were observed during recess. Results revealed that from baseline to intervention phases the number of students engaged in solitary recess behavior decreased between 19% and 24%. Most students reported positive attitudes towards the intervention, while teachers were more neutral.
Scedosporium apiospermum infection of the urinary system with a review of treatment options and cases in the literature

Infection with Scedosporium species is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality and is becoming increasingly common, especially in immunocompromised patients. We describe the presentation and successful management of an immunocompromised patient with Scedosporium apiospermum infection of the upper urinary tract system, a rare disease manifestation. The current literature on urinary tract scedosporiosis is further reviewed with emphasis on treatment options and limitations of current antifungal therapy.
Predicting eye-movement characteristics across multiple tasks from working memory and executive control

Individual differences in working memory (WM) and executive control are stable, related to cognitive task performance, and clinically predictive. Between-participant differences in eye movements are also highly reliable (Carter & Luke, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2018; Henderson & Luke, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40(4), 1390-1400, 2014). However, little is known about how higher order individual differences in cognition are related to these eye-movement characteristics. In the present study, healthy college-age participants performed several individual difference tasks to measure WM span and executive control. Participants also performed three eye-movement tasks: reading, visual search, and scene viewing. Across all tasks, higher WM scores were related to reduced skewness in fixation duration distributions. In reading, higher WM scores predicted longer saccades. In scene viewing, higher WM scores predicted longer fixations. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Coordination for uncertain outcomes using distributed neighbor exchange

Coordination of agent activites in non-deterministic, distributed environments is computationally difficult. Distributed Constraint Optimization (DCOP) provides a rich framework for modeling such multi-agent coordination problems, but existing representations, problem domains, and techniques for DCOP focus on small (
Symmetric Distributions with Fat Tails: Interrelated Compound Distributions Estimated by Box-Jenkins Methods

In this paper we have examined theoretically and empirically the behaviour of stock market prices. Economic theory, analysis of specific distributions, and time series analysis have all been employed.
Quantitation of peroxynitrite production by macrophages

Reaction of peroxynitrite with coumarin boronic acid [1] was used for quantitation of peroxynitrite produced by activated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) in cell culture. Highly fluorescent 7-hydroxycoumarin produced in reaction leads to fluorescence increase, affording real-time detection. Quiescent cells exhibit low rate of fluorescence increase which is further decreased in the presence of catalase, while catalase does not significantly affect the rate for activated cells. Specificity of the assay is supported by the dependence of the rate on the presence of arginine in the medium, inhibition by N6-(1-iminoethyl) L-lysine (inhibitor of iNOS) and by ebselen (peroxynitrite scavenger). The rate of peroxynitrite generation by stimulated RAW 264.7 was estimated as ~0.5 amol/(cell·s) that can be compared with NO generation rate of ~ 1.7 amol/(cell·s) determined earlier for the same cells [2]. Under the activation scheme used in this work (gamma-interferon + LPS), human THP-1 derived macrophages do not produce any peroxynitrite detectable by coumarin boronic acid. The level of iNOS mRNA in activated THP-1 derived macrophages does not exceed the level in control cells. 1 Zielonka, J.; Sikora, A.; Hardy, et al. Boronate probes as diagnostic tools for real time monitoring of peroxynitrite and hydroperoxides. Chemical Research in Toxicology. (2012), 25 (9), 1793–1799. 2 Woldman, Y. Y., Eubank, T. D., Mock, A. J., et al. Detection of nitric oxide production in cell cultures by luciferine-luciferase chemiluminescence. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (2015), 465 232-238
Numerical Experiments on Time Step Selection in Linear Dynamic Analysis of Structures

The complex nature of the exciting force in earthquake engineering applications mandates employing numerical methods to obtain the response of structures to ground motions. Several numerical method...
Nanoscale engineering optical nonlinearities and nanolasers

This paper discusses nonlinear materials and devices that recently have been demonstrated in our laboratory and design, fabrication and testing of nanolasers constructed using metal-dielectric-semiconductor resonators confined in all three dimensions, operating at room temperature.
Prevalence and Correlates of Maternal and Infant Sleep Problems in a Low-Income US Sample.

This study examined the prevalence and correlates of maternal and infant sleep problems among low-income families receiving home visiting services. The study sample includes 1142 mother–infant dyads in Wisconsin, United States. Women completed a survey when their infants were between two weeks and one year old. Outcome data were collected using the PROMIS® sleep disturbance short form-4a and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Correlates of sleep problems were assessed in two domains: maternal health and home environment quality. Descriptive analyses produced prevalence estimates, and multivariate regressions were performed to test hypothesized correlates of maternal and infant sleep problems. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the prevalence and correlates of sleep problems across different infant age groups. Approximately 24.5% of women reported poor or very poor sleep in the past week; 13% reported an infant sleep problem and 11% reported more than three infant wakings per night. Reported night wakings were more prevalent among younger infants but maternal and infant sleep problems were not. Multivariate results showed that poor maternal physical and mental health and low social support were associated with maternal sleep disturbance but not infant sleep problems. Bed sharing and smoking were associated with infant sleep outcomes but not maternal sleep. There was limited evidence that the correlates of maternal and infant sleep varied by infant age. The findings point to alterable factors that home visiting programs and other interventions may target to enhance maternal and infant sleep.
Optimal Adaptive Sampling for Boundary Estimation with Mobile Sensors

We consider the problem of active learning in the context of spatial sampling for boundary estimation, where the goal is to estimate an unknown boundary as accurately and quickly as possible. We present a finite-horizon search procedure to optimally minimize both the final estimation error and the distance traveled for a fixed number of samples, where a tuning parameter is used to trade off between the estimation accuracy and distance traveled. We show that the resulting optimization problem can be solved in closed form and that the resulting policy generalizes existing approaches to this problem.
Improving the Size Homogeneity of Multicore Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely explored for use in many biomedical applications. Methods for synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP), however, typically yield multicore structures with broad size distribution, resulting in suboptimal and variable performance in vivo. In this study, a new method for sorting SPIONs by size, labeled diffusive magnetic fractionation (DMF), is introduced as an improvement over conventional magnetic field flow fractionation (MFFF). Unlike MFFF, which uses a constant magnetic field to capture particles, DMF utilizes a pulsed magnetic field approach that exploits size-dependent differences in the diffusivity and magnetic attractive force of SPIONs to yield more homogenous particle size distributions. To compare both methods, multicore SPIONs with a broad size distribution (polydispersity index (PdI) = 0.24 ± 0.05) were fractionated into nine different-sized SPION subpopulations, and the PdI values were compared. DMF provided significantly improved size separation compared to MFFF, with eight out of the nine fractionations having significantly lower PdI values (p value 95%), excellent reproducibility, and the potential for scale-up. Mathematical models were developed to enable optimization, and experimental results confirmed model predictions (R2 = 0.98).
Dynamics of diet-egg transfer of fatty acids in the teleost fish, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

Eggs of marine organisms are increasingly being recognized as important components of marine food webs. The degree to which egg fatty acid profiles reflect maternal diet fatty acid profiles, and therefore the value of fatty acids in eggs as trophic biomarkers, depends on the species' reproductive strategy and the extent of modification of ingested fatty acids. We measured the dynamics of transfer of recently ingested fatty acids to spawned eggs in a batch-spawning teleost, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Results of 21 diet-shift experiments, from which the fatty acid profiles of the diets and eggs were compared, showed that 15 of 27 fatty acids measured (one saturated, two monounsaturated and 12 polyunsaturated fatty acids) in eggs were correlated with their levels in the recent diet, and the rate of incorporation into eggs was proportional to the magnitude of the diet shift. Large shifts in diet might occur naturally during spawning migrations or when prey communities vary over time. Results of this study indicate that fatty acids in red drum eggs can be useful for studying adult diet and exploring trophic linkages in marine systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Public vs Private Insurance, and Race/Ethnicity With Metastatic Sarcoma at Diagnosis

Importance Approximately 10% to 30% of patients with sarcoma present with detectable metastases at diagnosis. However, the extent to which presentation with metastases is due to delayed diagnosis vs other factors remains unclear. Objective To evaluate whether socioeconomic status, insurance status, or race/ethnicity were associated with the presence of metastases at diagnosis of sarcoma. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Adult and pediatric patients with an initial diagnosis of soft-tissue and bone sarcoma between 2001 and 2015 were stratified by age group (pediatric, 65 years) and sarcoma subtype. Statistical analyses were performed between August 2019 and January 2020. Exposures Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Census tract–level socioeconomic status index, insurance status, and race/ethnicity. Main Outcomes and Measures The odds of presenting with metastases at diagnosis were calculated. Results A total of 47 337 patients with first primary malignant sarcoma were included (24 343 male patients [51.4%]), with 29 975 non-Hispanic White patients (63.3%), 5673 non-Hispanic Black patients (12.0%), 7504 Hispanic patients (15.8%), and 4185 American Indian–Alaskan Native and Asian Pacific Islander patients (8.8%). Liposarcoma in adults was the only subtype and age group combination that demonstrated a significant trend in incidence across socioeconomic status levels (odds ratio, 0.85; 99% CI, 0.76-0.96;P = .001). However, compared with having non-Medicaid insurance, having Medicaid or no insurance in adults was associated with an increased odds of metastases at diagnosis for 6 of the 8 sarcoma subtypes evaluated; osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma were the only 2 subtypes in adults for which metastases were not associated with insurance status. In addition, there was an increased risk of presenting with metastases among non-Hispanic Black adults diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma (odds ratio, 1.87; 99% CI, 1.41-2.48) and unclassified sarcomas (odds ratio, 1.65; 99% CI, 1.01-2.67) compared with non-Hispanic White adults that was independent of socioeconomic and insurance status. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that delayed access to care is associated with advanced stage at diagnosis for several soft-tissue sarcoma subtypes in adults, whereas other factors may be associated with the metastatic progression of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, as well as the racial disparities observed with metastatic leiomyosarcoma and unclassified sarcomas.
Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Proton Wires: Concerted but Asynchronous Mechanisms.

The coupling between electrons and protons and the long-range transport of protons play important roles throughout biology. Biomimetic systems derived from benzimidazole-phenol (BIP) constructs hav...
Abstract 14124: Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe Hypercholesterolemia in Patients With St-segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction

Background: Patients with severe hypercholesterolemia (SH) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and outcomes of ST-se...
Adherence to recent antibiotic guidelines for acute uncomplicated cystitis.

Background In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published guidelines for treating acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) with nitrofurantoin (NTF), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP), or fosfomycin (FM) as appropriate first-line agents. Objective To evaluate whether provider adherence to prescribing NTF, SMX-TMP, or FM has improved since the 2017 CDC guidelines were released, and to examine outcomes relative to the use of prescribing guidelines. Data source A literature review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, and a systematic search for articles was conducted in the PubMed and Cochrane search engines using Boolean operators (AND, OR). The searches resulted in 56 published studies. After application of exclusion criteria, 11 peer-reviewed articles were ultimately included in this review. Conclusion The review showed prescribers' increasing efforts to adhering to antibiotic prescription guidelines for treating AUC, such as the 2017 CDC guidelines. The studies presented strong evidence that NTF, SMX-TMP, and FM are equally efficacious and cost-effective for treating AUC without concern for antibiotic resistance. Studies that referenced prescription guidelines and local antibiotic resistance yielded desired patient outcomes in bacterial and symptom resolution and cost-effectiveness. Implications for practice This article provides evidence and a platform for nurse practitioners to initiate collaborative efforts for structured AUC treatment guidelines in primary health care. To increase prescription adherence, electronic health records could be designed that would prompt prescribers to use updated local antibiotic resistance information and to use NTF, SMT-TMX, and FM as first-line agents.
Dynamic pricing for impatient bidders

We study the following problem related to pricing over time. Assume there is a collection of bidders, each of whom is interested in buying a copy of an item of which there is an unlimited supply. Every bidder is associated with a time interval over which the bidder will consider buying a copy of the item, and a maximum value the bidder is willing to pay for the item. On every time unit, the seller sets a price for the item. The seller's goal is to set the prices so as to maximize revenue from the sale of copies of items over the time period.In the first model considered, we assume that all bidders are impatient, that is, bidders buy the item at the first time unit within their bid interval that they can afford the price. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that considers this model. In the offline setting, we assume that the seller knows the bids of all the bidders in advance. In the online setting we assume that at each time unit the seller only knows the values of the bids that have arrived before or at that time unit. We give a polynomial time offline algorithm and prove upper and lower bounds on the competitiveness of deterministic and randomized online algorithms, compared with the optimal offline solution. The gap between the upper and lower bounds is quadratic.We also consider the envy-free model in which bidders are sold the item at the minimum price during their bid interval, as long as it is not over their limit value. We prove tight bounds on the competitiveness of deterministic online algorithms for this model, and upper and lower bounds on the competitiveness of randomized algorithms with quadratic gap. The lower bounds for the randomized case in both models use a novel general technique.
Was Cinderella just a fairy tale? Survival differences between stepchildren and their half-siblings.

The death of a parent, particularly the mother, is linked to a suite of negative outcomes across the life-course. Compounding concerns for child outcomes are expectations of poor treatment by step-...
The Deleterious Effect of Victimization on Just World Beliefs

Being a victim of a violent crime is a traumatic experience. Sexual victimization, in particular, may be powerful enough to change presumably stable worldviews like just world beliefs. Across two l...
Shifting awareness among electronic dance music party attendees that drugs may contain fentanyl or other adulterants.

Abstract Background Drugs like ecstasy, cocaine, and counterfeit prescription pills can contain fentanyl. We examined knowledge about potential adulteration/contamination of such drugs among people attending electronic dance music (EDM) parties. Methods Adults in New York City were surveyed entering randomly selected EDM parties during the summers of 2018 (n=1,029) and 2019 (n=559). Surveys assessed perceptions that: 1) ecstasy/Molly can contain adulterants more dangerous than MDMA, 2) cocaine can contain fentanyl, and 3) prescription pills from non-pharmacy sources can contain fentanyl. We compared prevalence of perceptions between 2018 and 2019. Results Prevalence of agreeing that cocaine can contain fentanyl increased from 42.1% to 58.6%, a 39.2% increase (p=.003). Increases in agreement were not significant regarding ecstasy potentially containing adulterants (55.0% vs. 59.0%) and non-pharmacy prescription drugs potentially containing fentanyl (46.8% vs. 52.9%). Those reporting past-year ecstasy use in particular reported increased agreement that ecstasy can be adulterated (from 52.9% to 80.0%, a 51.2% increase; p Conclusions Knowledge of potential adulteration or contamination of commonly used drugs in this high-risk scene is increasing. Continued education about possible drug contents is needed.
The association between fine particulate matter exposure and anxiety in US-based cohort Nurses’ Health Study II

BACKGROUND AND AIM: A growing body of evidence has connected air pollution exposure to anxiety outcomes, but existing studies have only been cross-sectional. Previous studies have found association...
Flux Upcycling of Spent NMC111 to Nickel-Rich NMC Cathodes in Reciprocal Ternary Molten Salts

The proper handling of end-of-life (EOL) lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become an urgent and challenging issue with the surging use of LIBs, in which recovering high-value cathodes from EOL LIBs not only relieves the pressure on the raw material supply chain, but also minimizes environmental pollution of EOL LIBs. Beyond direct recycling of spent cathodes to their pristine states, direct upcycling of spent cathodes to the next-generation cathodes is of great significance to maximize the value of spent materials and to sustain the fast development of LIBs. Herein, a “reciprocal ternary molten salts” (RTMS) system was developed to directly upcycle spent NMC 111 to Ni-rich NMC products by simultaneously realizing the addition of Ni and the relithiation of Li in spent NMC 111. After RTMS flux upcycling, the obtained Ni-rich NMC products exhibited pure α -NaFeO 2 type layered structure, restored Li content, and excellent performance, which is almost the same as that of the pristine NMC 622.
Ablation of Unstable Ventricular Tachycardia

It is critical to begin any discussion on ablation of unstable ventricular tachycardia with background information supporting the importance of the effort. First, stable, mappable ventricular tachycardias represent the tip of the arrhythmia iceberg. In order for any arrhythmia to be mappable it must be reliably inducible and hemodynamically tolerable. The ventricular tachycardia must also be stable in response to the catheter manipulation and pacing required to identify the appropriate site for ablative therapy during activation and entrainment mapping [1–4]. In a consecutive series of “ideal” patients presenting with hemodynamically tolerated ventricular tachycardia and referred for catheter ablation, 30% had only unmappable VT at the time of electrophysiological evaluation [5]. Secondly, ICD event monitoring after device implantation has documented rapid unmappable VT in most patients regardless of the clinical indication for initial device therapy [6–8]. Finally, in looking to the future, a strategy for prevention of sudden cardiac death that uses ablative therapy must target the substrate for unmappable ventricular tachycardia [9].
Culture and Psychopathology: Specific Phenomena

This chapter focuses on psychopathologies of a special nature that are known by their folk names such as latah, amok, koro, and susto . Culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes refer to mental conditions or psychiatric syndromes whose occurrence or manifestation is closely related to cultural factors and thus warrant understanding and management from a cultural perspective. Because its presentation is usually unique, with special clinical manifestations, it is called a culture-related specific psychiatric syndrome. From a phenomenological point of view, such a condition is not easily categorized according to existing psychiatric classifications, which are based on clinical experiences of commonly observed psychiatric disorders in Western societies, without adequate orientation toward less frequently encountered psychiatric conditions and diverse cultures worldwide. Cultural influences on psychiatric syndromes can occur in various ways—through pathogenetic, pathoselective, pathoplastic, pathoelaborating, pathodiscriminating, pathofacilitating, or pathoreactive effect. Based on this framework, culture-related specific syndromes can be positioned according to two parameters—the degree and nature of cultural impact and whether or not the manifested syndromes are specific. This helps examining, comparing, and understanding them.
The intranasal delivery of non-specific virus-like particles elicits heightened and accelerated immune responses to influenza virus

We have previously shown that the intranasal delivery of a small heat-shock protein cage nanoparticle, a virus-like particle (VLP), elicits the formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT), which provides protection against many diverse high-dose pathogen challenges. We demonstrate here that the presence of non-specific, VLP-induced iBALT facilitated accelerated influenza virus clearance and enhanced immunity through accelerated airway (CD103+) and parenchymal (CD11b+) dendritic cell antigen processing and trafficking. These responses were dependent upon the presence of CD11c+ cells, which had been directly exposed to VLPs, and migrated into the lung in a CCR2, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1-dependent manner. The initial innate response to influenza challenge was then followed by an accelerated expansion of influenza-specific CD4+ T cells. The combination of these events resulted in accelerated viral clearance and significantly ameliorated host-derived collateral damage. Furthermore, we show that the presence of iBALT, which is not specific to influenza virus, was efficient at clearing high-dose virus, independently of the TBLN’s help. Thus, we herein demonstrate the mechanism by which the presence of iBALT, derived from non-specific, non-pathogenic VLPs, and lacking any memory cells to agents of subsequent challenge, elicited alternative cellular trafficking and expansion patterns, and thus cleared virus at an accelerated rate, with less harmful consequence.
An MPEG audio decoder based on 16-bit integer arithmetic and SIMD usage

We report the design and implementation of a compliant MPEG audio decoder for Layers I and II with new algorithmic and architectural enhancements. The proposed algorithm uses a scaled 32-point Chen DCT and is implemented using 16-bit integer arithmetic. Measurements and results are given for a complete decoder implemented and optimized for Intel's MMX technology.
Networking by parallel relays: diversity, lifetime and routing overhead

For several decades, research activities in mobile ad hoc networking have predominantly relied on the notion of serial relays where a data packet hops from one node to another in a serial fashion. Recent research activities in signal processing and information theory suggest that parallel relays have a greater potential than serial relays. In this paper, a significant diversity gain of using parallel relays over serial relays is highlighted, the lifetimes of a single-path route of parallel relays and multi-path routes of serial relays are compared, and the routing overheads for each type of routes are also investigated. This study strongly supports that parallel relays have great advantages over serial relays in dense and mobile ad hoc networks.