cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structures of Hexameric and Dimeric Complexes of Lithioisobutyrophenone

The crystal structures of two unsolvated hexameric complexes and one N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediamine (TMEDA)-solvated dimeric complex of the lithium enolate of 2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone (lithioisobutyrophenone, LiIBP) are reported. The unsolvated LiIBP complexes crystallize from benzene-d 6 to yield two different types of crystals that have similar structures: one in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 10.7944(7), b = 11.9350(8), c = 12.0956(8) A; α = 117.5560(10), β = 100.8090(10), γ = 92.3030(10)° and Z = 1 and a second in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 17.6011(11), b = 14.7389(9), c = 21.0943(13) A; β = 105.2510(10)° and Z = 4. The two LiIBP hexamers differ slightly in the conformations of the enolate moieties around the Li6O6 core. The hexamer in both the triclinic as well as the monoclinic polymorph is located on a crystallographic inversion center that each generates the other half of the cluster. The TMEDA-solvated LiIBP dimer crystallizes from hexanes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 11.8472(6), b = 14.8268(7), c = 19.2719(9) A; β = 98.8480(10)° and Z = 4. The center of the dimer is located on a crystallographic C2 axis. These complexes represent only the second reported crystal structures of either an unsolvated hexamer or a solvated dimer of a lithium enolate of a simple monocarbonyl ketone. The X-ray crystal structures of two unsolvated hexameric and one N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediamine (TMEDA)-solvated complexes of the lithium enolate of 2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone (lithioisobutyrophenone, LiIBP) are reported.
Absence of sexual imprinting in house mice cross-fostered to deermice

Abstract Female albino house mice ( Mus musculus , SJL/J strain) were cross-fostered within 0 to 12 hours of birth to lactating female prairie deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) and their mates. After weaning at 18 days, the cross-fostered females were subjected to a series of physiological and behavioral tests designed to examine the species specificity of response. The physiological tests employed were: (1) male-induced puberty (the Vandenbergh effect), (2) mating synchrony (the Whitten effect), and (3) pregnancy block (the Bruce effect). Behavioral responses were tested in a T maze by measuring the amount of time spent investigating soiled bedding or confined males of each of the two species during a 30 min period. Both physiological and behavioral tests indicate that raising female house mice with deermice: (1) does not cause them to imprint on deermice and (2) does not prevent their responding to house mouse males. Therefore, species specificity of pheromonal responses and preference behavior in female house mice appears to be genetically programmed instead of imprinted.
A method for evaluating the electron-phonon coupling in cuprates from heat capacity measurements

Abstract We have developed a method for evaluating the electron-phonon coupling strength λ, in the right-Tc oxides by analysis of heat capacity data. We estimate λ, to be about 1.8 to 2.0 for La-Sr-Cu-O.
Factors affecting hatching success of golden apple snail eggs: effects of water immersion and cannibalism

The golden apple snail (Pomacea maculata Perry) is an invasive species that lays its eggs out of water but is otherwise aquatic. To investigate this behavior and potential management techniques, we conducted experiments to examine the physical effects of immersion and underwater egg predation on hatching success. Predation on submerged eggs by P. maculata adults reduced hatching success by ∼99%. In predator-free conditions, hatching success was reduced 75% by immersion in water and was negatively correlated with time submerged. Our results suggest that both underwater egg predation and low immersion tolerance may be exploited to limit the spread of P. maculata.
The cystic fibrosis heterozygote — Advantage in surviving cholera?

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal genetic disorder of caucasians. While it has been hypothesized that there is a CF heterozygote advantage which allowed the gene to achieve such high prevalence, the nature of that advantage remains a mystery. The recent identification and sequencing of the CF gene has increased the probability that the CF heterozygote advantage will be discovered. In this hypothesis we review the information which is known about the selection of the CF mutation and its cellular consequences, and present evidence which suggests that resistance to cholera may have been the environmental factor which selected CF heterozygotes over their 'normal' homozygote cohort. Future lines of experimentation and possible clinical applicability to therapy of secretory diarrhea are presented.
Phylogenetic Relationships and Corolla Size Evolution among Macromeria (Boraginaceae)

Abstract Phylogenetic analysis of Macromeria based on 35 morphological characters produced a single most parsimonious tree that supports the monophyly of the genus. The phylogeny supports previous evaluations of relationships among species, and the resulting clades often connect sister taxa that are geographically proximate. Mapping of corolla size onto the phylogeny indicates that floral size has changed many times within the genus, and that the very large corolla size in southern populations of Macromeria viridiflora has been derived from a smaller-flowered ancestor. Communicating Editor: John V. Freudenstein
New two-terminal transistor test structures and test methodology for assessment of latent charging damage

Design of test structures and fast test techniques for process-induced charging remains amongst the major problems of damage monitoring. This paper describes a new transistor configuration for antenna-type test structures and provides test methodology for assessment of latent charging damage. An example of application in metal antenna modules is demonstrated with respect to 50 /spl Aring/ gate oxide technology.
Tumor suppressor genes FHIT and WWOX are deleted in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell lines

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma with poor prognosis. One hundred percent of PELs carry the genome of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and a majority are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We profiled genomic aberrations in PEL cells using the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP array. This identified for the first time individual genes that are altered in PEL cells. Eleven of 13 samples (85%) were deleted for the fragile site tumor suppressors WWOX and FHIT. Alterations were also observed in the DERL1, ETV1, RASA4, TPK1, TRIM56, and VPS41 genes, which are yet to be characterized for their roles in cancer. Coinfection with EBV was associated with significantly fewer gross genomic aberrations, and PEL could be segregated into EBV-positive and EBV-negative clusters on the basis of host chromosome alterations. This suggests a model in which both host genetic aberrations and the 2 viruses contribute to the PEL phenotype.
Biologic Detection of FSH in Unconcentrated Serum of Intact Male Mice and the Unexpected Effects of Orchidectomy on FSH and LH

Biologic assay of the unextracted, unconcentrated serum of the intact, adult male mouse by the HCG-augmentation method revealed, surprisingly, a detectable and high concentration of FSH. In this regard, the mouse is unique among all mammalian species studied. The mean FSH concentration was 8.3 ¼gEq of NIH-FSH-Sl/ml of serum, a value which is as high as that foundin theserum of the long-term orchidectomized male rat. Fifty days after orchidectomy mouse serum FSH hadrisento 20.0 ¼gEq of NIH-FSH-Sl/ml of serum. Serum LH activity was undetectable by the OAADmethodin both the intact and orchidectomized male mouse. This lack of effect of orchidectomyon serum LHin the mouse differed from the effect of orchidectomy in the rat. Therelatively high anterior pituitary FSH concentration in the male mouse (209–307 ¼gEq of NIH-FSH-Sl/mg dry weight) was decreased 2.6-fold 50 days after orchidectomy. Anterior pituitary LH concentration (3.5–4.3 ¼gEq NIH-LH-Sl/mg dry weight) was decreased 1.5-fold 50 days after orchidectom...
The effect of drone comb on a honey bee colony's production of honey*

This study examined the impact on a colony's honey production of providing it with a nat- ural amount (20%) of drone comb. Over 3 summers, for the period mid May to late August, I mea- sured the weight gains of 10 colonies, 5 with drone comb and 5 without it. Colonies with drone comb gained only 25.2 ± 16.0 kg whereas those without drone comb gained 48.8 ± 14.8 kg. Colonies with drone comb also had a higher mean rate of drone flights and a lower incidence of drone comb build- ing. The lower honey yield of colonies with drone comb apparently arises, at least in part, because drone comb fosters drone rearing and the rearing and maintenance of drones is costly. I suggest that providing colonies with drone comb, as part of a program of controlling Varroa destructorwithout pesticides, may still be desirable since killing drone brood to kill mites may largely eliminate the neg- ative effect of drone comb on honey yields. comb foundation / drone / drone comb / honey bee / honey production
In vivo biodistribution of nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have potential applications in diagnostics, imaging, gene and drug delivery and other types of therapy. Iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and quantum dots have all generated substantial interest and their properties and applications have been thoroughly studied. Yet, metal-containing particles raise biodistribution and toxicity concerns because they can be quickly cleared from the blood by the reticuloendothelial system and can remain in organs, such as the liver and spleen, for prolonged periods of time. Design considerations, such as size, shape, surface coating and dosing, can be manipulated to prolong blood circulation and enhance treatment efficacy, but nonspecific distribution has thus far been unavoidable. Renal excretion of nanoparticles is possible and is size dependent, but the need to incorporate coatings to particles for increased circulation can hinder such excretion. Further long-term studies are needed because recent work has shown varying degrees of in vivo toxicity as well as varying levels of nanoparticle excretion over time. The interaction of these particles with immune cells and their effect on the innate and adaptive immune response also needs further characterization. Finally, more systematic in vitro approaches are needed to both guide in vivo work and better correlate nanoparticle properties to their biological effects.
Power-delay characteristics of CMOS adders

An approach to designing CMOS adders for both high speed and low power is presented by analyzing the performance of three types of adders - linear time adders, logN time adders and constant time adders. The representative adders used are a ripple carry adder, a blocked carry lookahead adder and several signed-digit adders, respectively. Some of the tradeoffs that are possible during the logic design of an adder to improve its power-delay product are identified. An effective way of improving the speed of a circuit is by transistor sizing which unfortunately increases power dissipation to a large extent. It is shown that by sizing transistors judiciously it is possible to gain significant speed improvements at the cost of only a slight increase in power and hence a better power-delay product. Perflex, an in-house performance driven layout generator, is used to systematically generate sized layouts. >
Digital Tomosynthesis for Respiratory Gated Liver Treatment: Clinical Feasibility for Daily Image Guidance

Purpose Breath-hold (BH) treatment minimizes internal target volumes (ITV) when treating sites prone to motion. Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) imaging has advantages over cone-beam CT (CBCT) for BH imaging: BH-DTS scan can be completed during a single breath-hold, whereas BH-CBCT is usually acquired by parsing the gantry rotation into multiple BH segments. This study evaluates the localization accuracy of DTS for BH treatment of liver tumors. Methods Both planning CT and on-board DTS/CBCT images were acquired under BH, using the planning CT BH window as reference. Onboard imaging data sets included two independent DTS orientations (coronal and sagittal), and CBCT images. Soft tissue target positioning was measured by each imaging modality and translated into couch shifts. Performance of the two DTS orientations was evaluated by comparing target positioning with the CBCT benchmark, determined by two observers. Results Image data sets were collected from thirty-eight treatment fractions (14 patients). Mean differences between the two DTS methods and the CBCT method were Conclusions BH-DTS may be a simpler alternative to BH-CBCT for onboard soft tissue localization of the liver, although the precision of DTS localization appears to be somewhat lower because of the presence of subtle out-of-plane blur.
On calculating interpolation polynomials for error values in Reed-Solomon decoding algorithm

This paper discusses systematic ways of generating interpolation polynomials for error values in parallel Reed-Solomon decoding. The coefficients can be calculated in a closed form with as low as O(t/sup 2/) multiplications.
Paleoethnobotany at the LSP-1 rockshelter, south central Oregon: Assessing the nutritional diversity of plant foods in Holocene diet

Abstract This paper presents results of a paleoethnobotanical study using a nutritional ecology approach to investigate the contribution of plant foods to the diets of the occupants of LSP-1 (35HA3735), a modest rockshelter in Oregon's Warner Valley. Nutritional archeology offers an alternative to models derived from HBE for researchers interested in reconstructing prehistoric diet and understanding hunter–gatherer decision-making. Analysis of 7000 + individual seeds from archeological site deposits in the early (~ 10,000–7600 BP), middle (~ 7600–4000 BP), and late (~ 4000-contact) Holocene reveal temporal variations in the quantity of plant taxa targeted for consumption by visitors to LSP-1. Notably, the taxonomic and nutritional diversity of plant types present in the archeological deposits is elevated during late Holocene occupations of the rockshelter. Our results suggest that increases in dietary diversity correlate with periods of demographic expansion in Warner Valley and the northern Great Basin as a whole. These data contribute to a growing body of research proposing that the foraging pursuits of people participating in subsistence economies are not driven solely by caloric return rates.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipoproteinemias in Children and Adolescents

This chapter is intended to be a resource for pediatric endocrinologists and other physicians and health care providers on the clinical and genetic presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of hyperlipoproteinemia and hypolipoproteinemia. The major long-term goal in children and young adults with atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias is to prevent the development of the early lesions of subclinical atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular disease (CVD). In youths with profound abnormalities in triglyceride metabolism, the focus of treatment is to prevent pancreatitis. Those with rare disorders of hypolipoproteinemia may require treatment beyond standard dietary and drug interventions.
Racial and Ethnic Heterogeneity in Self-Reported Diabetes Prevalence Trends Across Hispanic Subgroups, National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2012.

INTRODUCTION We examined racial/ethnic heterogeneity in self-reported diabetes prevalence over 15 years. METHODS We used National Health Interview Survey data for 1997 through 2012 on 452,845 adults aged 18 years or older. Annual self-reported diabetes prevalence was estimated by race/ethnicity and education. We tested for trends over time by education and race/ethnicity. We also analyzed racial/ethnic and education trends in average annual prevalence. RESULTS During the 15 years studied, diabetes prevalence differed significantly by race/ethnicity (P < .001) and by Hispanic subgroup (P < .001). Among participants with less than a high school education, the 5-year trend in diabetes prevalence was highest among Cubans and Cuban Americans (β(5YR) = 4.8, P = .002), Puerto Ricans (β(5YR) = 2.2, P = .06), non-Hispanic blacks (β(5YR) = 2.2, P < .001), and non-Hispanic whites (β(5YR) = 2.1, P < .001). Among participants with more than a high school education, non-Hispanic blacks had the highest average annual prevalence (5.5%) and Puerto Ricans had the highest 5-year trend in annual diabetes prevalence (β(5YR) = 2.6, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS In this representative sample of US adults, results show ethnic variations in diabetes prevalence. The prevalence of diabetes is higher among Hispanics than among non-Hispanic whites, unevenly distributed across Hispanic subgroups, and more pronounced over time and by education. Findings support disaggregation of data for racial/ethnic populations in the United States to monitor trends in diabetes disparities and the use of targeted, culturally appropriate interventions to prevent diabetes.
Unstable force analysis for induction motor eccentricity

Abstract The increasing popularity of motors in machinery trains has led to an intensified interest in the forces they produce that may influence machinery vibration. Motor design typically assumes a uniform air gap, however in practice all motors operate with the rotor slightly displaced from the motor centerline in what is referred to as an eccentric position. Rotor center eccentricity can cause a radially unbalanced magnetic field when the motor is operating. This will results in both a radial force pulling the motor further away from the center, and a tangential force which can induce a vibration stability problem. In this paper, a magnetic equivalent circuit MEC modeling method is proposed to calculate both the radial and tangential motor eccentric force. The treatment of tangential force determination is rarely addressed, but it is very important for rotordynamic vibration stability evaluation. The proposed model is also coupled with the motor electric circuit model to provide capability for transient vibration simulations. FEM is used to verify the MEC model. A parametric study is performed on the motor radial and tangential eccentric forces. Also a Jeffcott rotor model is used to study the influence of the motor eccentric force on mechanical vibration stability and nonlinear behavior. Furthermore, a stability criteria for the bearing damping is provided. The motor radial and tangential eccentric forces are both curved fitted to include their nonlinearity in time domain transient simulation for both a Jeffcott rotor model and a geared machinery train with coupled torsional-lateral motion. Nonlinear motions are observed, including limit cycles and bifurcation induced vibration amplitude jumps.
Application Service Provision: The IS Infrastructure Context

Application Service Provision is a client-server-based variety of IS outsourcing. Unlike the general practice, ASP is primarily a technical phenomenon rather than a management one, an evolutionary change in the way organizations obtain information systems based on changes in the technical infrastructure. I introduce a model that helps us place application service provision in context so that the underlying trends affecting its development and the offerings of vendors can be analyzed systematically. Using the model as a framework, I discuss the effects on related industries and conclude by discussing some challenges facing the ASP concept
Electrocatalytic performance of Pt-based trimetallic alloy nanoparticle catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract The electrocatalytic performance of nanoengineered PtNiFe catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is described in this report. The membrane electrode assembly was prepared using carbon-supported PtNiFe nanoparticles treated at two different temperatures as the cathode electrocatalysts in PEMFC. The PtNiFe/C catalysts were found to exhibit excellent fuel cell performance, much better than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition to assessing the mass activities in the kinetic current region, the fuel cell performance was also determined in the ohmic and mass transport regions. The electrocatalytic and fuel cell performance are shown to depend on the thermal treatment temperature of the trimetallic catalysts. The higher-temperature treated catalysts showed a higher power density than the lower-temperature treated catalysts. The results are also discussed in terms of the effect of lattice shrinking in the trimetallic alloy nanoparticles on the electrocatalytic activity.
Evidence that the inhibitory effect of adenosine, but not cordycepin, on the methylation of nuclear RNA is mediated by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.

The mechanism of action of adenosine, 29-deoxyadenosine, and cordycepin (39-deoxyadenosine) was explored in L1210 cells in vitro under conditions where their deamination was blocked by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 29-deoxycoformycin. Cordycepin but not adenosine or 29-deoxyadenosine inhibited the methylation of nuclear RNA in the presence of 29-deoxycoformycin. Upon the addition of homocysteine, adenosine produced 65% inhibition of methylation of nuclear RNA, whereas 29-deoxyadenosine was ineffective and the inhibitory effect of cordycepin was not potentiated. Under the latter conditions, RNA synthesis as measured by [14C]uridine incorporation was marginally affected (30% inhibition) by adenosine plus homocysteine, but markedly inhibited by 70% by cordycepin. Cordycepin inhibited 29-O methylation of nuclear RNA to a greater extent than base methylation, while the combination of adenosine and homocysteine inhibited these sites to equal degrees. Moreover, cordycepin inhibited >18 S nuclear RNA four times as extensively as 4 S nuclear RNA, in comparison to the equal extents of inhibition of these two classes of nuclear RNA by adenosine plus homocysteine. A positive correlation was observed between the generation of intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine in L1210 cells and the inhibition of methylation of nuclear RNA by adenosine plus homocysteine, but not by cordycepin. These results indicate that a significant amount of S-adenosylhomocysteine can be generated in the presence of adenosine and homocysteine, presumably via S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, leading to marked inhibition of methylation of nuclear RNA in mouse lymphoid leukemia cells.
Is the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) a natural host for the opiine parasitoid Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)?

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the suitability of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), for the development of Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron). In the laboratory, parasitism of individual B. dorsalis larvae by 6–10 D. tryoni eggs killed and prevented the pupation of 8.0 ± 3.7% of the parasitized hosts and the emergence of 50.0 ± 7.1% of the puparia. Mortality of immature B. dorsalis increased significantly as the rate of superparasitism increased. A mean of 68.0 ± 6.6% of B. dorsalis that received 1–5 D. tryoni eggs per larva pupated and eclosed to morphologically normal flies. These flies contained melanized eggs of the parasitoid in their abdomens. In uneclosed hosts which received 6–10 parasitoid eggs per larva, melanized eggs along with 1–6 melanized first-instar parasitoids were recorded. Parasitism of B. dorsalis by D. tryoni alone never results in parasitoid development beyond the first instar. However, in a heterospecific parasitism test involving D. tryoni and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), ≈1/10 of the parasitized puparia eclosed to adult D. tryoni . Average percentage of D. tryoni females emerging from such neutralized B. dorsalis (parasitized by D. longicaudata before or after exposure to D. tryoni to block host immunity) was 81 to 92%. Emergence of D. tryoni from field collected B. dorsalis was also very low (0.35% emergence; 8 D. tryoni adults out of 2,279 B. dorsalis puparia). We conclude that contrary to the published host-range lists, neither laboratory-reared nor wild B. dorsalis are natural hosts for the opiine parasitoid D. tryoni .
How language shapes thought.

The article discusses research in the field of cognitive psychology and examines how the languages individuals speak affect their perceptions of the world. According to the author, individuals use many kinds of languages to communicate that vary in the kinds of information they convey. She notes that a causal relation between language and cognitive abilities has emerged suggesting that an individual's native language molds the way they think about the world, including the concept of space and time. Topics includes an overview of research that indicates language is one of many aspects that shape thought, such as an individual's ability to recall and interpret events.
Occupational Hazard Identification and Critical Control Points in Polysilicon Manufactures

Objective To recognize the occupational hazards which are possibly generated or existed in process of Polysilicon production,identify the major occupational hazard factors and critical control points,and propose the targeted prevention and control strategies.Methods The site investigation of occupational hygiene and occupational hygiene monitoring were conducted.Results There were many major occupational hazards in process of Polysilicon production,including dust,noise,high temperature and heat radiation,high-frequency electromagnetic fields,trichlorosilane,silicon tetrachloride,hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid,nitric acid,nitrogen dioxide,hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid,chlorine,sodium hydroxide,ammonia,et al.Conclusion In process of Polysilicon production,there existed many occupational hazards and several highly toxic substances,which indicated the risk of acute poisoning.It is necessary to strengthen occupational hazards prevention and emergency rescue of the key points.
Synthetical Automation System Design and Implementation for Qiaogou Hydropower Station

Design requirement of synthetical automation system is introduced for Xiaolangdi-Qiaogou Hydropower Station in this paper.According to the design target of "non-attended(few-on-duty)" station,in the aspect such as system structure,hardware design and software design,process and difficulty of this system design are discussed in detail.The synthetical automation system for small hydropower stations based on MB40 PLC is used in this project,which includes many function modules such as monitoring and control,protection and excitation.Through all field tests,in the end,the design target for Qiaogou Hydropower Station is achieved and put into commercial operation successfully.
Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon Content in Eight Diploid Sunflower Species Inferred from Next-Generation Sequence Data

The most abundant transposable elements (TEs) in plant genomes are Class I long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons represented by superfamilies gypsy and copia Amplification of these superfamilies directly impacts genome structure and contributes to differential patterns of genome size evolution among plant lineages. Utilizing short-read Illumina data and sequence information from a panel of Helianthus annuus (sunflower) full-length gypsy and copia elements, we explore the contribution of these sequences to genome size variation among eight diploid Helianthus species and an outgroup taxon, Phoebanthus tenuifolius We also explore transcriptional dynamics of these elements in both leaf and bud tissue via RT-PCR. We demonstrate that most LTR retrotransposon sublineages (i.e., families) display patterns of similar genomic abundance across species. A small number of LTR retrotransposon sublineages exhibit lineage-specific amplification, particularly in the genomes of species with larger estimated nuclear DNA content. RT-PCR assays reveal that some LTR retrotransposon sublineages are transcriptionally active across all species and tissue types, whereas others display species-specific and tissue-specific expression. The species with the largest estimated genome size, H. agrestis, has experienced amplification of LTR retrotransposon sublineages, some of which have proliferated independently in other lineages in the Helianthus phylogeny.
Extension of Structure-Reactivity Correlations for the Hydrogen Abstraction Reaction to the Methyl Radical and Comparison to the Chlorine Atom, Bromine Atom, and Hydroxyl Radical.

Recently, we presented structure–reactivity correlations for the gas-phase rate constants for hydrogen abstraction from sp3-hybridized carbon by three electrophilic radicals (X• + HCR3 → XH + •CR3; X = Cl•, HO•, and Br•); the reaction enthalpy effect was represented by the independent variable ΔrH and the “polar effect” by the independent variables F and R, the Hammett–Taft constants for field/inductive and resonance effects. Here we present a parallel treatment for the less electronegative CH3•. In spite of a limited and scattered database, the resulting least-squares fit [log k437(CH3•) = −0.0251(ΔrH) + 0.96(ΣF) – 0.56(ΣR) – 19.15] was modestly successful and useful for initial predictions. As expected, the polar effect appears to be minor and its directionality, i.e., the “philicity” of CH3•, may depend on the nature of the substituents.
Boutonniere Deformity Nonoperative

ACUTE: Defined as one which occurs within 3 weeks of injury and in which full passive extension is passive.
Multiplexing strategies for cMiCE PET detectors

Continuous miniature crystal element (cMiCE) PET detectors use monolithic scintillators coupled to arrays of photosensor elements and statistics based methods for positioning of detected events. Current implementations acquire and utilize all photosensor array channels for event positioning (e.g., 64 channels for an 8×8 PMT or SiPM array). We investigate different multiplexing strategies to reduce the number of acquired signal channels and their impact on positioning performance. This study was conducted using data collected from a cMiCE PET detector. Sixty-four signals were collected per event and data were binned into four depth of interaction regions. The multiplexing strategies were implemented in software. Multiplexing strategies investigated included rowcolumn (RC) summing of signals (64 channel -> 16 channel); sampling based upon a modulus 3 and modulus 5 patterns of detector channels (64 -> 16); variants of RC summing (e.g., 64 -> 19 or 64 -> 8); and multiplexing based upon principal component analysis. The average X,Y intrinsic spatial resolution for the cMiCE detector using all 64 channels for positioning was 1.26 mm FWHM in X and Y. For standard RC summing of signals the average intrinsic X,Y spatial resolution was 1.32 mm. The intrinsic spatial resolution for the modulus 3 and 5 multiplexing was significantly worse at 1.43 mm FWHM. A RC summing method that used three additional multiplexed channels along the edges of the crystal provided similar decoding performance as standard RC summing (i.e., 1.31 mm) but better visual spatial positioning in the corners and edges of the detector. However, the most encouraging results were using multiplexing methods based upon the principal components of the detector signals; the intrinsic spatial resolution for this method was best of all the multiplexing methods (i.e., 1.30 mm FWHM) and it proved to be fairly robust to slight changes in the weighting factors. In conclusion, signal multiplexing techniques can be applied to monolithic crystal PET detectors that utilize statistics-based positioning methods. Reductions in the number of acquisition signal channels of a factor of 3-5 resulted in only 4-10% degradation in spatial resolution performance.
“I was and still am”: Narratives of Bisexual Marking in the #StillBisexual Campaign

This research investigated narratives of bi-erasure and bisexual marking by considering 53 video confessionals associated with the #StillBisexual campaign. #StillBisexual is a web-based campaign that targets myths about bisexuality and promotes bisexual identity visibility. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify emergent themes regarding the ways that individuals mark and make known their bisexuality. Three major themes of bisexual demarcation emerged including the enduring nature of bisexuality, defining bisexuality, and defining the self as a bisexual being. Discussion focuses on describing bisexual marking approaches by #StillBisexual participants and by analyzing the way bisexual demarcation challenges assumptions of monosexism and cisgenderism inherent to cultural conceptualizations of sexuality.
Evidence-Based Methods That Promote Human Milk Feeding of Preterm Infants: An Expert Review

Best practices translating the evidence for high-dose human milk (HM) feeding for preterm infants during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization have been described, but their implementation has been compromised. Although the rates of any HM feeding have increased over the last decade, efforts to help mothers maintain HM provision through to NICU discharge have remained problematic. Special emphasis should be placed on prioritizing the early lactation period of coming to volume so that mothers have sufficient HM volume to achieve their personal HM feeding goals. Donor HM does not provide the same risk reduction as own mother's HM.
Transitions in American Social Theory and the Decline of Public Sociology at the End of the Twentieth CenturyTranscending Capitalism: Visions of a New Society in Modern American Thought, by BrickHoward. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006. 324 pp. $39.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780801425905.

today): if the charge is really to look at "the implications of the terrorist attack on the city," then one would have to examine the implications of the role New York City plays in the international economy and what the attacks say about how it is seen elsewhere in the world. But those questions, badly as they may need asking, were clearly beyond what the sponsors of these volumes undertook to address. Nor did the sponsors want to address pol icy implications. Yet there is at least one is sue that cries out for discussion, and arises directly from the 9/11 recovery experience. New York witnessed an outpouring of civic concern, of citizen participation, of wide spread and diverse and intense interest in the future of the city, in the months after 9/11, that was perhaps unprecedented in the City's history. Five thousand people attended one mammoth session at its convention center looking at plans; multiple forums and focus groups met to discuss alternatives; profes sionals devoted time and energy to detailed interventions; pubic testimony at hearings was energetic; groups formed and mobilized about civic concerns throughout the city. Yet it all ended up for nothing, or at most with marginal impact. What a tremendous oppor tunity was lost! This was perhaps the second great tragedy of 9/11-that the upsurge of collective concern for the city's good was not able to break through the selfish private and institutional and narrow political interests that ran the show. Having said all this, if the three volumes are simply seen as taking stock rather than as an analysis, as a summary of where particu lar groups and particular issues stand some four years after 9/11, they succeed admirably. It is only if the aspiration was higher, for a social-science-grounded analysis of the "eco nomic, social, and political implications of the terrorist attack on the city" (in the words of the foreword to each of the three vol umes), that fault can be found. And even here, the volumes remain useful for anyone wishing to carry the task of analysis forward. One hopes that the Russell Sage Foundation will not stop with the rich but essentially de scriptive work reflected by the three vol umes, but will go further to explore the vital questions they raise.
The Accidental Salesperson: Can Inexperienced Sales Professionals Get Lucky Without Working Smart or Hard? An Abstract

Inexperienced sales professionals face high probability of failure, especially at an early career stage (Cron and Slocum 1986). One of the reasons for failure in sales pertains to the difficulty for salespeople to control their market environment. In fact and from an attribution theory perspective, the sales environment is unstable and difficult to control (Teas and McElroy 1986), thus also binding sales success to good or bad luck (Dixon et al. 2001, 2003).
Abstract 544: Meox1, a Novel Regulator in Tgf-ß-induced Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation is an important process during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. It is well known that alterations of VSMC phenotype play a role in the progression of several cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the differentiation and development of VSMC are largely unknown. Mesenchyme homeobox 1 (MEOX1) is expressed in the early developing somite and derivatives during embryogenesis. Somite has been shown to be one of the origins or progenitors for SMC. Therefore, in this study, we studied the role of MEOX1 in SMC differentiation. We found that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces MEOX1 expression in the initial phase of SMC differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells. MEOX1 expression appears to be mediated by both PI3 kinase and Smad3 signaling pathways because blockade of these two pathways by specific inhibitors leads to a decreased expression of MEOX1 and SMC markers. Importantly, knockdown of MEOX1 by specific shRNA suppresses TGF-β-induced expression of SMC early markers including SM22α and calponin. MEOX1 overexpression, on the other hand, increases SMC marker expression. These results indicate that MEOX1 is a novel regulator for TGF-β-induced SMC differentiation.
Automating Compiler-Directed Autotuning for Phased Performance Behavior

We describe an integration of the CHiLL compiler with OpenTuner to reduce the programmer burden in using autotuning. We use as a case study optimizing the smooth operator and its associated stencil computations in the context of Geometric Multigrid (GMG), a hierarchical linear solver that operates in multiple grid resolutions (levels). Smooth is the most performance-critical operation that runs multiple times at each grid level and effectively performs a relaxation of the approximated solution at a given grid resolution. This computation poses a particular challenge for autotuning, as the desired optimization strategy varies at different grid resolutions within the same application execution. Even though the compiler provides a number of standard and domain-specific optimizations for stencil computations, it is challenging for a programmer to decide which optimizations to perform and implement all the steps of the autotuning search. In this paper, we make the following contributions to simplify this process and make it possible to configure the application for its different phases: (1) we provide an interface (called a superscript) to concisely describe a search space and automatically generate CHiLL transformation recipes; and, (2) we use OpenTuner tailored to CHiLL transformation recipes to employ sophisticated heuristic algorithms that manage the computational complexity of search. We demonstrate performance that far exceeds that of fixed optimization strategies, while only sampling a tiny subset of the autotuning search space.
Effects of Repeated Use of Fenoxycarb and Hydramethylnon Baits on Nontarget Ants

Sites receiving repeated broadcast applications of fenoxycarb and hydramethylnon baits for red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, control were examined for impact of bait treatments on ant diversity in southeastern Arkansas. Ants collected from sugar baits belonged to three subfamilies and 25 species. As compared with checks, native ant species increased on fenoxycarb-treated plots and decreased on hydramethylnon-treated plots. Except for S. invicta, ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae practically disappeared from hydramethylnon-treated plots. Sensitivity of ants in the subfamilies Formicinae and Dolichoderinae to hydramethylnon and fenoxycarb was comparatively low. As a consequence, fenoxycarb shows promise for the integrated management of imported fire ants when broadcast applications are desirable.
Czech democracy in the eyes of Czech political scientists

ABSTRACTThis paper surveys six recent Czech language books on the state of Czech democracy. The books are largely critical and identify four major problems: ineffectiveness, corruption, apolitical politics, and economic stagnation. The authors variously attribute these problems to institutions, culture, and public policy and accordingly recommend changes in these areas. While most of these claims ring true, lacking is both a consideration of positive qualities and empirical proof of the extent of these problems or the efficacy of the solutions.
Ecological Efficiency and Activity Metabolism

Quite simply stated the total productivity of an ecosystem is the sum of the productivities of the components. However, this in no obvious way simplifies the aggregation of trophic levels, for simplicity’s sake, in order that only some few measurements or estimates might be made and their products summed to yield a general solution of the productivity of a given system. The problems lie in the differences in the efficiencies of the various inter and intra-trophic level components, their distributions in time and space, the typical number of interactions they participate in within the food web, and the life history pathways followed. My comments will be primarily directed at an evaluation of efficiencies of various trophic groups, which will, by their nature, require a series of comparisons and contrasts of distributions, behaviors, and life histories.
The LHC and the Higgs Boson

This chapter looks back at some of the most memorable achievements in high-energy physics during the 50 years spanning CERN's PS and LHC.
Getting Promoted as a Surgical Educator

Prior to accepting a job as an assistant professor, one should have defined both their short-term (5 years) and long-term (10 years) career goals. Success as a faculty member can be measured using various metrics, but for the purposes of this chapter, promotion to associate and then full professor will be the yardstick. Reaching these milestones requires careful planning and institutional support, which should be included in any employment contract.
Perceived school safety, perceived neighborhood safety, and insufficient sleep among adolescents.

Abstract Objectives To examine whether perceptions of school safety and neighborhood safety are associated with insufficient sleep during adolescence. Design The Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS) is a cross-sectional study of adolescents. Setting The state of Florida. Participants Middle-school and high-school students (n = 7,958) attending public schools in 2017. Measurements Based on National Sleep Foundation recommendations, sleep was categorized as insufficient (less than 7 hours) or sufficient (7 or more hours) using self-reports of average sleep duration on school nights. Self-reports of perceived safety at school and perceived safety in one's neighborhood were modeled as predictors of insufficient sleep in logistic regression models when accounting for several covariates. Results Adjusting for model covariates, the odds of insufficient sleep among adolescents who feel unsafe both at school and in their neighborhood are 129% greater relative to adolescents who feel safe in both contexts. In comparison, the odds of insufficient sleep among adolescents who feel unsafe only at school are 39% greater relative to adolescents who feel safe both at school and in their neighborhood, and the odds of insufficient sleep among adolescents who feel unsafe only in their neighborhood are 71% greater relative to adolescents who feel safe both at school and in their neighborhood. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that efforts to improve the safety of salient social contexts in which adolescents develop may reduce the likelihood of insufficient sleep faced by a large portion of school-aged children.
Grid Flexibility and the Cost of Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Toward a Renewable Energy Integration Adder for San Diego Gas and Electric Service Territory and the California Electric Grid

Increased integration of solar and wind, variable renewable energy (VRE) sources, brings both benefits and challenges to the grid. VRE requires greater grid flexibility, which includes energy storage, fast-ramping generators, and forecasting. As a market barrier to wider-scale PV deployment, quantification of grid flexibility can help inform policies that accelerate penetration. This study investigates the cost of integrating VRE below and above 30% and 40% penetration in California toward a roadmap for other states and countries. A methodology is introduced and applied to San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG &E), the third largest investor-owned utility (IOU) in the state by electrical demand served.
Lampedusa, ou la nuit de l’Europe : à ce stade de la nuit de Maylis de Kerangal

ResumeCet article examine comment, dans le texte a ce stade de la nuit (2015) de Maylis de Kerangal, l’ile de Lampedusa fonctionne comme le paradigme de la relation entre l’Europe et le Sud (ses au...
Self-consistent clustering analysis for multiscale modeling at finite strains

Abstract Accurate and efficient modeling of microstructural interaction and evolution for prediction of the macroscopic behavior of materials is important for material design and manufacturing process control . This paper approaches this challenge with a reduced-order method called self-consistent clustering analysis (SCA). It is reformulated for general elasto-viscoplastic materials under large deformation . The accuracy and efficiency for predicting overall mechanical response of polycrystalline materials is demonstrated with a comparison to traditional full-field solution methods such as finite element analysis and the fast Fourier transform . It is shown that the reduced-order method enables fast prediction of microstructure–property relationships with quantified variation. The utility of the method is demonstrated by conducting a concurrent multiscale simulation of a large-deformation manufacturing process with sub-grain spatial resolution while maintaining reasonable computational expense. This method could be used for microstructure-sensitive properties design as well as process parameters optimization.
No Single Metric Captures Productivity.

The urge to measure the productivity of developers is not new. Since it is often the case at organizations that more code needs to be written, many attempts have been made to measure productivity based on lines of code (LOC). For example, in early 1982, the engineering management of developers working on software for the Apple Lisa computer decided to start tracking LOC added by each developer. One week, the main user interface designer, Bill Atkinson, optimized Quickdraw’s region calculation machinery and contributed -2000 LOC. The management stopped asking for his LOC.