cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of differential mating stimulation on the onset of prolactin surges in pseudopregnant rats

In the female rat, stimulation of the uterine cervix (CS) during mating or by artificial means induces daily diurnal and nocturnal surges in prolactin (PRL) secretion which, in the absence of fertilization, result in an 12-day anestrous period called pseudopregnancy (PSP). The amount or type of mating stimulation received by the female during mating determines whether or not PSP occurs, but it has not yet been determined whether different amounts of mating stimulation can alter the time of onset of PRL surges. The present studies examined the latency in days to the first nocturnal PRL surge following mating. Plasma PRL was measured in samples obtained via intra-atrial catheters at 0200-0500h on the day of estrus (Day 0) and on the subsequent 3 days (Days 1-3). In Experiment 1, proestrus females received mating stimulation which was more than (15 intromissions, 15I) or less than (mounts-without-intromission only, MO) sufficient to induce PSP. Surges were absent in 15I females until Days 1-2 and in MO females on all days. In Experiment 2, females received five intromissions (5I) in paced and nonpaced mating tests, types of mating treatments which were expected to induce PSP in some but not all females. PRL surges were not evident at any sampling time in females that continued to cycle, while PRL surges occurred consistently on Day 2 among PSP females. Among PSP females, those receiving 5I showed significantly higher PRL on Day 0 than did 15I females. In both experiments, plasma progesterone concentrations were not higher in PSP than in non-PSP animals until Day 3. In Experiment 3, PRL levels in single samples obtained by cardiac puncture on Day 0 were similar to those seen in the first two experiments. Thus, PRL secretion at the time of the first postmating nocturnal surge is influenced by the type of CS received some 8-10 h earlier. However, if sufficient CS is received to induce the neural changes of PSP, the nocturnal PRL surges are expressed in an all-or-none fashion by 1-2 days after mating.
Emotional Impulsivity and Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties Among Children With ADHD: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Objective: Children with ADHD often demonstrate impulsive shifts in emotion, characterized by sudden and intense shifts in affect. This study examined the effects of emotional impulsivity over time on the emotional and behavioral functioning of children with ADHD using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Method: Twenty-seven 8- to 12-year-old children with ADHD, and their parents, completed baseline measures of the children’s emotional and behavioral functioning. Parents and children then completed an EMA protocol, whereby they each rated the child’s affect three times daily for 28 days. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses strongly supported the relation of greater EMA-derived emotional impulsivity to children’s increased emotional and behavioral difficulties. These effects were evident across reporters and were maintained after controlling for baseline emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated the utility of EMA-based assessments and suggested that emotional impulsivity...
Genetic aspects of schizophrenia

Abstract Schizophrenia is a disease of tremendous public health importance that affects a staggering 1% of the population. Identification of the genetic factors involved in the disease is expected to lead to improved, highly targeted treatments with fewer side effects, but it has not been forthcoming. On the contrary, it has been a task of paramount difficulties and complexities. The high degree of genetic heterogeneity associated with the disease is further complicated by the clinical heterogeneity suspected in schizophrenia and most other psychiatric disorders. Despite the difficulties, several groups around the world employ various approaches in their search for schizophrenia genes, such as linkage and linkage disequilibrium studies, candidate gene approaches, or turn to mouse models for more clues. Some general aspects of these approaches are discussed, and relevant work from our group is presented.
The deserved marginalization of theory

Alan Sica's paper is well written, thoughtful and important. He captures the contemporary theory specialist's lament that the wider discipline of sociology cares less about what theory specialists say to each other. Theory's constituency, he points out, is theory specialists themselves. One hand clapping. Even as Sica has in the recent past tossed a colorful bomb or two in Jeffrey Alexander's direction, they share the lament. They offer the same advice, too, to their fellow theory specialists: continue to pay close attention to the classics' writings as a virtuous end in itself, for the rest of the discipline ignores the classics only at its own peril. Because the wider discipline ignores the classics by ignoring today's theory spe cialists, it runs the great risk of losing its own wider audience, those beyond the discipline of sociology. By marginalizing social theory, sociology marginalizes itself.
New Glycosidase Activated Nitric Oxide Donors: Glycose and 3-Morphorlinosydnonimine Conjugates

To achieve site specific delivery of nitric oxide (NO), a new class of glycosidase activated NO donors has been developed. Glucose, galactose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid were covalently coupled to 3-morphorlinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a mesoionic heterocyclic NO donor, via a carbamate linkage at the anomeric position. The β-glycosides were successfully prepared for these conjugates, while the α-glycosidic compounds were very unstable. The new stable sugar-NO conjugates could release NO in the presence of glycosidases. Such NO prodrugs may be used as enzyme activated NO donors in biomedical research.
Magnetic resonance imaging of ligamentous injury of the cervical spine

This study is a retrospective review of 43 patients with acute cervical spine trauma, including 97 ligamentous injuries of various types diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three general patterns of ligamentous injury were observed, including: complete rupture; partial avulsion or attenuation of the ligament, without frank rupture; and combined osseous and ligamentous fragment. Overall, proton density and T2*-weighted gradient-echo or T2-weighted spinecho images in the sagittal plane provided the best evaluation of the spinal ligaments. Axial proton density and T2*-weighted gradient images were useful only in assessment of the trasverse portion of the cruciate ligament. By providing direct visualization of the spinal ligaments, MRI demonstrated multiple case of ligamentous injury that were greater than expected or unexpected from plain radiographic and computed tomographic findings. Surgical proof was obtained for 11 patients with 14 ligamentous injuries that were diagnosed by MRI independently. There were two false-positive MRI diagnoses for posterior longitudinal ligament rupture, but no false-negatives among these 11 patients. This study indicates that MRI allows accurate diagnosis of cervical spine ligamentous injuries that are otherwise only inferred by the mechanism of injury and resulting spinal alignment.
THE MARKET FOR FRANCHISE OPPORTUNITIES

Franchised distribution accounts for a substantial proportion of retail sales each year. This form of vertical integration is frequently found in the accompaniment of parallel distribution through company-owned establishments. Similarly, franchise contracts are characterized by mixed compensation strategies. This paper contains empirical models of the market for franchise opportunities where incentives for mixed distribution and compensation strategies are evaluated.
Biological sound-source locations by computer analysis of underwater array data

Abstract Biological sound-source locations from relative sound arrival times at the hydrophones of a three-dimensional array require meticulous and usually laborious manual analysis of the acoustic data. A system is described that relegates the required signal comparisons and measurements to computer analysis. The essential steps which require human judgement are retained allowing a flexible analytic procedure that needs less time, has greater accuracy, and less operator bias than manual analyses.
Correlation inequalities for two-component hypercubic ϕ4 models

A collection of new and already known correlation inequalities is found for a family of two-component hypercubicϕ4 models, using techniques of duplicated variables, rotated correlation inequalities, and random walk representation. Among the interesting new inequalities are: rotated very special Dunlop-Newman inequality〈ϕ1,x2;ϕ1,z2+ϕ2g2〉⩾0, rotated Griffiths I inequality 〈ϕ1,xϕ1,y;ϕ1z2〉⩾0, and anti-Lebowitz inequalityu41111>-0.
A new technique for short-pulse compensation in phased-array scanning

A new technique is briefly described for wide-angle scanning when the spatial pulsewidth is smaller than the length of the phased array. The concept obviates the need for the long-time delayers used with subarrays; it employs a binary phase code on the array-element modulo-2π phase shifters and a decoder matched to this phase code.
Synthesis of azetidines

The synthesis of 3-amino-2-phenylazetidine and the p-chloro analog is reported. The reduction of azetidinones with diborane was investigated and found successful with N-unsubstituted systems. 3-Amino-2-phenylazetidine was found active in vitro against monoamine oxidase.
Mechanism for the Differential Translocation of Amiben in Plants

The proportion of the total plant radioactivity present in shoots at the end of a 24-hour exposure of the roots to 0.5 milligram per liter (14)C-3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid ((14)C-amiben) ranged from 1.4 to 74.3% in 13 species. When roots of 10-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell., Triumph) and 13-day-old barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L. Beauv.) plants were treated with 0.5 milligram per liter (14)C-amiben for 12 or 24 hours, barnyard grass shoots contained at least eight times more of the total plant radioactivity than did wheat shoots. In similar experiments with (14)C-2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamine)-s-triazine ((14)C-atrazine), there were no differences in translocation between these two species.The rates of (14)C-amiben absorption into the plants and translocation to shoots in both species were constant with time for 10 hours. When the bases of excised shoots were exposed to (14)C-amiben, both species transported the radioactivity into leaves and metabolized the amiben similarly to intact shoot tissues. Amiben was the only radioactive compound identified in guttation fluid obtained from (14)C-amiben-treated barnyard grass. When treated for 10 hours with (14)C-amiben at concentrations of 0.05 to 200.0 milligrams per liter, a significant correlation between log [shoot amiben] (in amiben equivalents) and log [root amiben concentration] was obtained with no species differences.The postulated mechanism for the species differences in (14)C-amiben translocation is that the tolerant species, wheat, fixes the (14)C-amiben in the roots, principally as nontransportable N-(carboxy-2,5-dichlorophenyl)glycosylamine (N-glucosyl amiben), while only "free" amiben is translocated to shoots. Wheat converted more absorbed amiben to N-glucosyl amiben or amiben-X than barnyard grass in both roots and shoots.The amiben concentration required to inhibit radicle elongation 50% in 4-day-old seedlings was about 50 milligrams per liter for wheat and 1 milligram per liter for barnyard grass.
Preventive behaviors, beliefs, and anxieties in relation to the swine flu outbreak among college students aged 18–24 years

Aim The objective of this study was to assess beliefs, misconception, and anxiety in relation to swine flu outbreak and whether perception of the outbreak predicted changes in behavior.
Cholesterol-lowering properties of plant sterols esterified with beef tallow fatty acids in hamsters

Abstract Plant sterol esters (PSE) reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Previous work in our laboratory indicated that PSE containing stearic acid (SA), compared to linoleic acid, were significantly more effective at reducing cholesterol absorption. We tested the cholesterol lowering properties of PSE containing fatty acids from beef tallow, a natural and abundant source of SA. Male hamsters were fed diets containing 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 5.0% beef tallow PSE for 4 weeks. Dose-dependent reductions ( P P
Enteric Microbial Flora, Bacterial Overgrowth, and Short-Bowel Syndrome

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs commonly in short-bowel syndrome (SBS) and, in some instances, may result in significant problems. SIBO is characterized by a variety of signs and symptoms resulting from nutrient malabsorption caused by an increased number and/or type of bacteria in the small intestine. The anatomic and physiologic changes that occur in SBS together with medications commonly used in these patients facilitate the development of SIBO. Because many aspects related to SIBO in the SBS population remain poorly understood, it was our aim to review the current understanding of the gut flora and issues related to SIBO occurring in SBS.
Violence education in nursing: critical reflection on victims' stories

Violence against women is a major public health concern. This paper describes an educational strategy to increase nursing students' understanding of the experience of violence and to foster recognition and intervention with victims of violence. Students in an elective course were asked to critically reflect on the personal stories of victims/survivors of violence. The assignment provided four learning opportunities that include examination of societal myths on sexual victimization, understanding the lived experience of the victim, exploration of personal beliefs and values, and the relationship of the individual's experience to theoretical content of the course. Students gave permission for the use of quotes from papers to illustrate the learning opportunities.
Response models and minimal designs for mixtures of n of m items useful for intercropping and other investigations

SUMMARY Suppose that n of m cultivars are grown together in a mixture such as that found in intercropping investigations. Response model equations for n =2 are formulated in a manner akin to that found for a diallel crossing experiment in genetics. This situation varies considerably from diallel crossing in that n - 2 and yields may or may not be available for each member of the mixture. Response model equations are formulated and then minimal treatment designs obtained to derive least-squares solutions for the parameters of the model. This is done both when individual member yields are available and when they are not. Variances of estimable contrasts are also given. Applications to other areas of investigation are given with examples.
Silencing speaks up

A key step in understanding DNA replication has now been reached, in part, through the study of silencing, a process that establishes and maintains repressed transcriptional domains. Early cytologists observed that chromosomes are divided into distinct structural domains. However, the molecular mechanisms that direct the assembly of chromosomal domains into distinct chromatin structures and regulate transcription within these regions remain, in large part, unknown. Similarly, it has long been realized that each base pair of each chromosome must be replicated once and only once per mitotic cell cycle. Again, the molecular mechanisms that underlie cell cycle regulation of replication have remained enigmatic. Studies of replication and studies of silencing have converged with the remarkable discovery that the yeast origin recognition protein complex (ORC) is critical for both DNA replication and silencing. This molecular connection between replication and silencing promises further insight into central issues in gene transmission and expression. Chromosomal Domalns and Transcrlptlonal States Early cytological studies defined distinct structural regions in chromosomes: darkly staining heterochromatic regions and unstained euchromatic regions. A correspondence between these structural regions and transcriptional domains comes from genetic studies of position effect variegation in Drosophila and dosage compensation in mammals. In Drosophila, genes that are actively transcribed in their normal chromosomal loci are inactivated upon translocation to heterochromatic regions. A similar correlation between heterochromatic regions and gene inactivation is integral to the normal regulation of X-linked mam-
Hypertensive Urgency Induced by an Interaction of Mirtazapine and Clonidine

Mirtazapine is a new antidepressant with a tetracyclic chemical structure that is not related to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The antidepressant effect results from stimulation of the noradrenergic system through antagonism at central (alpha2-inhibitory receptors. Clonidine exerts its antihypertensive effect by stimulating these receptors to cause a reduction in endogenous release of norepinephrine. Therefore, the two agents have mechanisms of action that potentially oppose one another. We report a case of hypertensive urgency that ensued after a patient stabilized on clonidine began taking mirtazapine.
Prison to Society: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Coping With Reentry

This research investigates how individuals who reenter society from prison use coping strategies. Participants are incarcerated individuals who recidivated following a previous release from prison (n = 20). Participants examine their most recent reentry experience via an interview. The research question under investigation is, "What themes describe how individuals cope with reentry from prison to society?" Data and results combine qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The predominant coping strategy for dealing with reentry barriers is avoidance. There is a defined process experienced by participants, which is initial optimism about release, followed by craving substances, facing practical barriers, and/or feeling overwhelmed. This eventually results in avoidance of managing problems and emotions and substance abuse relapse, which culminates in recidivism.
Near-optimal routing lookups with bounded worst case performance

The problem of route address lookup has received much attention recently and several algorithms and data structures for performing address lookups at high speeds have been proposed. In this paper we consider one such data structure-a binary search tree built on the intervals created by the routing table prefixes. We wish to exploit the difference in the probabilities with which the various leaves of the tree (where the intervals are stored) are accessed by incoming packets in order to speedup the lookup process. More precisely, we seek an answer to the question: How can the search tree be drawn so as to minimize the average packet lookup time while keeping the worst-case lookup time within a fixed bound?" We use ideas from information theory to derive efficient algorithms for computing near-optimal routing lookup trees. Finally, we consider the practicality of our algorithms through analysis and simulation.
What Is the Future of Family Outcomes and Family-Centered Services?:

The central role of family support in programs serving young children with disabilities was emphasized in Public Law 99-457. In the ensuing 25 years, much work has been done to describe the principles and practices that characterize effective family support. Less clear is whether and how programs serving infants, toddlers, and preschoolers promote family outcomes. This article describes the components of family-centered practice and summarizes the data in support of the use of such practices. The authors show that early intervention and preschool programs are not held accountable for family outcomes; instead, they are limited only to showing that families are satisfied with services. The authors predict that family outcomes will not be part of any national accountability effort in the near future until research clearly shows that such outcomes ultimately will benefit children, and they suggest several lines of work needed to advance the field toward making an informed policy decision about documenting fam...
Validity of a food-frequency questionnaire for a large prospective cohort study in Bangladesh

We have developed a thirty-nine-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the dietary consumption of 11,746 men and women in a prospective cohort study that evaluates the health effects of As from drinking water in Bangladesh. In order to validate the FFQ, two 7 d food diaries (FD) were completed for 189 randomly selected cohort participants in two different seasons of the year. Nutrient values were converted based on both the United States Department of Agriculture's National Nutrient Database and a food composition table for the Indian subcontinent. Pearson product-moment and Spearman non-parametric rank correlation coefficients comparing food and nutrient consumptions estimated from FFQ and 7 d FD were calculated based on log-transformed consumption values with or without adjustment for total energy and correction for within-individual variation. Correlations of macronutrients and common micronutrients including total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, saturated fat, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, Na, K, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, riboflavin, Mn, thiamin and Fe were moderately good, ranging from 0.30 to 0.76. However, correlations of other micronutrients were weak (<0.30). Large seasonal variations in intakes of retinol equivalents and vitamin C were observed. This analysis documents the degree of validity of the FFQ in measuring specific nutrient intakes in the study population. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to document the validity of a FFQ with the use of 7 d FD in a Bangladeshi population.
Research Note On The Incremental Value Of Knowledge Workers

As firms seek to manage knowledge, they rely increasingly on knowledge workers. The assumption is often that the incremental value from hiring these knowledge workers accrues to firms, but theory indicates that it may not. In this research note, we examine this question. We perform a cross-sectional study of 30 investment banks in the period 1992-96. We use gross value of mergers and acquisitions business as a proxy for gross performance, and pre-tax operating income as a proxy for net performance. The dependent variable and measure of knowledge workers is the number of “star” analysts, as measured by Wall Street Journal/Zacks rankings. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that the number of star analysts in investment banking is positively associated with gross performance, and weakly support the hypothesis that they are not positively associated with net performance. If future research could generalize these conclusions, they could have implications for design of compensation systems in industries significantly employing knowledge workers.
Dynamic analysis of guyed towers

Abstract A model is presented for the dynamic analysis of guyed towers. The model employs a numerical integration method together with an iterative procedure to allow computation of the displacements and internal forces at each node defined on the structure. The dynamic analysis of a guyed tower modelled as a guyed equivalent beam-column has been illustrated with two examples. Frequencies and mode shapes have been determined for both vibration about the structure undeflected position (no wind) and about its deflected position under average wind speed. Dynamic amplification factors for tension time histories at different nodes were computed as a function of variable wind frequencies. The possibility of galloping has been demonstrated even though no current node procedure addresses the problem.
The Cloistered Virtue: Freedom of Speech and the Administration of Justice in the Western World

Foreword by John Dugard Eulogy for Professor Barend Van Niekerk by Dr. Alan Paton Preface Introduction The Concept of Freedom of Speech in the Legal Domain and its Premises The Formal Restrictions on Legal Free Speech: The Protection of the Prestige and Standing of Legal Officers and of the Administration of Justice Trial Publicity Restrictions Informal Restrictions and Indirect Sanctions on Free Speech in the Legal Domain Conclusion: The Unending Struggle Notes Afterword: Freedom of Speech and the Administration of Justice--Recent Developments by Gilbert Marcus Index
Early organization of the nonlinear right brain and development of a predisposition to psychiatric disorders

The concepts of self-organization, state changes, and energy flow are central to dynamic systems theory. In this work I suggest that to apply these general principles to the study of normal and abnormal development, these constructs must be specifically defined in reference to current knowledge of brain development. Toward that end, I present an overview of the properties of self-organizing developmental systems, and then propose a model of attachment dynamics as synchronized energy exchanges that cocreate nonlinear changes of state, discuss the roles of bioamines and energy-generating brain mitochondria in state regulation, and describe the energy-dependent imprinting of synaptic connectivity and neural circuitry in the infant brain. In this application of nonlinear concepts to developmental models of both resistance against and vulnerability to mental disorders, particular emphasis is placed upon the experience-dependent maturation of a system in the orbital prefrontal cortex that regulates psychobiological state and organismic energy balance. This frontolimbic system is expanded in the nonlinear right hemisphere that generates stress-regulating coping strategies, and it serves as the hierarchical apex of the limbic and autonomic nervous systems. Early forming microstructural alterations and energetic limitations of this regulatory system are suggested to be associated with a predisposition to psychiatric disorders.
Automated discovery of scoped memory regions for real-time Java

Advances in operating systems and languages have brought the ideal of reasonably-bounded execution time closer to developers who need such assurances for real-time and embedded systems applications. Recently, extensions to the Java libraries and virtual machine have been proposed in an emerging standard, which provides for specification of release times, execution costs, and deadlines for a restricted class of threads. To use such features, the code executing in the thread must never reference storage that could be subject to garbage collection. The new standard provides for region-like, stack-allocated areas (scopes) of storage that are ignored by garbage collection and deallocated en masse. It now falls to the developer to adapt ordinary Java code to use the real-time Java scoped memory regions.Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine manually how to map object instantiations to scopes. Moreover, if ordinary Java code is modified to effect instantiations in scopes, the resulting code is difficult to read, maintain, and reuse. Static analysis can yield scopes that are correct across all program executions, but such analysis is necessarily conservative in nature. If too many objects appear to live forever under such analysis, then developers cannot rely on static analysis alone to form reasonable scopes.In this paper we present an approach for automatically determining appropriate storage scopes for Java objects, based on dynamic analysis---observed object lifetimes and object referencing behavior. While such analysis is perhaps unsafe across all program executions, our analysis can be coupled with static analysis to bracket object lifetimes, with the truth lying somewhere in between. We provide experimental results that show the memory regions discovered by our technique.
Linking the global carbon cycle to individual metabolism

Summary 1. We present a model that yields ecosystem-level predictions of the flux, storage and turnover of carbon in three important pools (autotrophs, decomposers, labile soil C) based on the constraints of body size and temperature on individual metabolic rate. 2. The model predicts a 10 000-fold increase in C turnover rates moving from tree- to phytoplankton-dominated ecosystems due to the size dependence of photosynthetic rates. 3. The model predicts a 16-fold increase in rates controlled by respiration (e.g. decomposition, turnover of labile soil C and microbial biomass) over the temperature range 0‐30 °C due to the temperature dependence of ATP synthesis in respiratory complexes. 4. The model predicts only a fourfold increase in rates controlled by photosynthesis (e.g. net primary production, litter fall, fine root turnover) over the temperature range 0‐30 °C due to the temperature dependence of Rubisco carboxylation in chloroplasts. 5. The difference between the temperature dependence of respiration and photosynthesis yields quantitative predictions for distinct phenomena that include acclimation of plant respiration, geographic gradients in labile C storage, and differences between the short- and long-term temperature dependence of whole-ecosystem CO2 flux. 6. These four sets of model predictions were tested using global compilations of data on C flux, storage and turnover in ecosystems. 7. Results support the hypothesis that the combined effects of body size and temperature on individual metabolic rate impose important constraints on the global C cycle. The model thus provides a synthetic, mechanistic framework for linking global biogeochemical cycles to cellular-, individual- and community-level processes.
Peripheral medulloepithelioma: a rare tumor with a potential target therapy

Medulloepithelioma (ME) is a rare embryonal tumor predominantly located in the eye or in the central nervous system without an established treatment. We report of a case of a localized peripheral ME treated with conventional and high dose chemotherapy, surgery and local radiotherapy. At relapse, the tumor tissue revealed a different molecular signature compared to the initial tumor mass. This molecular signature revealed a high expression of platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Sorafenib plus irinotecan and temozolomide was started with a 5 month progression free survival. Our experience suggests a possible role of sorafenib or different PDGFR inhibitors in ME. Targeting treatment could represent an adjuvant and/or alternative therapy for ME and other rare tumors.
Design Criteria for High Temperature Burn-In System

High volume burn-in systems are available at temperatures over 200°C, and with careful design 300°C systems can be built which are functional and usable as production equipment.
An Improved Method for oriT-Directed Cloning and Functionalization of Large Bacterial Genomic Regions

We have made significant improvements to a broad-host-range system for the cloning and manipulation of large bacterial genomic regions based on site-specific recombination between directly repeated oriT sites during conjugation. Using two suicide capture vectors carrying flanking homology regions, oriT sites are recombined on either side of the target region. Using a broad-host-range conjugation helper plasmid, the region between the oriT sites is conjugated into an Escherichia coli recipient strain, where it is circularized and maintained as a chimeric mini-F vector. The cloned target region is functionalized in multiple ways to accommodate downstream manipulation. The target region is flanked with Gateway attB sites for recombination into other vectors and by rare 18-bp I-SceI restriction sites for subcloning. The Tn7-functionalized target can also be inserted at a naturally occurring chromosomal attTn7 site(s) or maintained as a broad-host-range plasmid for complementation or heterologous expression studies. We have used the oriTn7 capture technique to clone and complement Burkholderia pseudomallei genomic regions up to 140 kb in size and have created isogenic Burkholderia strains with various combinations of genomic islands. We believe this system will greatly aid the cloning and genetic analysis of genomic islands, biosynthetic gene clusters, and large open reading frames.
Inhibitory peptide analogs derived from a major uveitogenic epitope protect from antiretinal autoimmunity by inducing type 2 and regulatory T cells

We identified inhibitory peptide ana- logs (IPAs), capable of immunomodulating exper- imental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), induced in B10.RIII mice by immunization with the retinal antigen interphotoreceptor-binding protein in CFA. Alanine-substituted peptides of the major pathogenic epitope, residues 161-180, were syn- thesized. They were tested for immunogenicity, cross-reactivity with the native 161-180 epitope, pathogenicity, and ability to prevent EAU when given in IFA before EAU challenge with native murine (m)161-180. Two peptides, 169A and 171A, were unable to elicit disease but cross-re- acted with m161-180 by lymphocyte prolifera- tion. Mice pretreated with either of the substituted peptides failed to develop EAU after challenge with the native epitope, m161-180, and had reduced cellular responses by lymphocyte proliferation and by delayed hypersensitivity. Their cytokine re- sponse profile to m161-180 showed reduced anti- gen-specific IFN- and IL-17, whereas IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 from IPA-protected mice were increased, and serum antibody titers to m161-180 revealed reduced IgG2a and elevated IgG1 iso- types, suggesting a Th2 shift in the response. Pro- tection was transferable with lymphoid cells from protected donors to naive recipients, who were subsequently immunized for EAU. Thus, IPA pre- treatment prevents induction of EAU by skewing the response to a subsequent uveitogenic challenge with the native peptide to a nonpathogenic pheno- type, as well as by eliciting transferable regulatory cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 84: 577-585; 2008.
Advertising in Vertical Relationships: An Equilibrium Model of the Automobile Industry

I estimate a model of demand for new cars and equilibrium pricing and advertising decisions of dealers and manufacturers. The estimated split of surplus between dealers and manufacturers diers from a model without advertising decisions because of a public goods advertising externality within the vertical relationship. I predict firm and consumer behavior if two state franchise regulations change. First, allowing vertical integration leads to 20% lower retail prices and 30% greater advertising. Second, manufacturers are currently restricted from closing dealers and I predict that manufacturers would substantially decrease brand advertising after dealer closures are allowed. Remaining dealers of the same brand can be worse o, even though they face less intrabrand competition.
Electronic Structure and Bonding in Iron(II) and Iron(I) Complexes Bearing Bisphosphine Ligands of Relevance to Iron-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Coupling.

Chelating phosphines are effective additives and supporting ligands for a wide array of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. While recent studies have begun to unravel the nature of the in situ-formed iron species in several of these reactions, including the identification of the active iron species, insight into the origin of the differential effectiveness of bisphosphine ligands in catalysis as a function of their backbone and peripheral steric structures remains elusive. Herein, we report a spectroscopic and computational investigation of well-defined FeCl2(bisphosphine) complexes (bisphosphine = SciOPP, dpbz, tBudppe, or Xantphos) and known iron(I) variants to systematically discern the relative effects of bisphosphine backbone character and steric substitution on the overall electronic structure and bonding within their iron complexes across oxidation states implicated to be relevant in catalysis. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and density functional theory (DFT) studies demonstrate that commo...
A Follow-Up Study of Patients Previously on LAAM Maintenance

Many studies in the past decade, including several large-scale cooperative clinical trials, have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of LAAM as an alternative treatment agent to methadone maintenance treatment. About 3000 patients are currently involved in a multi-clinic Phase III study and there is hope that LAAM may soon become available for general clinical use. However, very little follow-up information of patients previously treated with LAAM is presently available. This report describes such a study of two cohorts of patients treated by us in the two Phase II cooperative studies comparing LAAM and methadone. We wanted to see if there were any unforeseen late adverse effects of LAAM treatment in these patients as well as to see how they perceived their treatment experience with LAAM some time after the pressure of being a study subject had ceased. We also took the opportunity to examine several aspects of their lives to see if treatment with LAAM and with methadone affected these areas differently.
Antimicrobial-Resistant Fecal Bacteria from Ceftiofur-Treated and Nonantimicrobial-Treated Comingled Beef Cows at a Cow-Calf Operation.

We compared the occurrences of 3rd-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCr), tetracycline-resistant (TETr), and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant (COTr) Escherichia coli, 3GCr and nalidixic acid-resistant (NALr) Salmonella enterica, and erythromycin-resistant (ERYr) enterococci from the fecal samples of ceftiofur-treated (n = 162) and nonantimicrobial-treated (n = 207) comingled beef cows ≥8 years old, for which complete antimicrobial treatment records were available. The prevalence of 3GCr (17%; n = 369), TETr (88%), COTr E. coli (22%), and ERYr enterococci (69%) was not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with ceftiofur treatment, prior history of other antimicrobial treatments, or duration of time between last antimicrobial treatment and sampling. 3GCr and NALr S. enterica were not detected. The prevalence of tetB was significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared with tetA among TETr E. coli. However, the prevalence of tetA was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than tetB among 3GCr and COTr E. coli. Th...
T2 map signal variation predicts symptomatic osteoarthritis progression: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

The aim of this work is to use quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify patients at risk for symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) progression. We hypothesized that classification of signal variation on T2 maps might predict symptomatic OA progression. Patients were selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a prospective cohort. Two groups were identified: a symptomatic OA progression group and a control group. At baseline, both groups were asymptomatic (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis [WOMAC] pain score total <10) with no radiographic evidence of OA (Kellgren–Lawrence [KL] score ≤ 1). The OA progression group (n = 103) had a change in total WOMAC score greater than 10 by the 3-year follow-up. The control group (n = 79) remained asymptomatic, with a change in total WOMAC score less than 10 at the 3-year follow-up. A classifier was designed to predict OA progression in an independent population based on T2 map cartilage signal variation. The classifier was designed using a nearest neighbor classification based on a Gaussian Mixture Model log-likelihood fit of T2 map cartilage voxel intensities. The use of T2 map signal variation to predict symptomatic OA progression in asymptomatic individuals achieved a specificity of 89.3 %, a sensitivity of 77.2 %, and an overall accuracy rate of 84.2 %. T2 map signal variation can predict symptomatic knee OA progression in asymptomatic individuals, serving as a possible early OA imaging biomarker.
The utility of pain scores obtained during 'regular reassessment process' in premature infants in the NICU.

The utility of pain scores obtained during ‘regular reassessment process’ in premature infants in the NICU
Father Involvement: A Developmental Psychological Perspective

This paper assumes a developmental focus to provide a psychological perspective of father involvement. A key element of this objective is to recognize how difficult it is to define the complexities of father involvement. Components of father involvement include such relationship components as direct interaction, availability, and the managerial function, all of which are conceptually distinct. Other issues worthy of careful consideration are the context of father involvement, processes used to index involvement, and dimensions of involvement. In addition to examining father involvement from a developmental perspective, future research needs to study father involvement within a greater variety of ethnic-minority groups so that both cross-group and within-group variability can be appreciated. Finally, a more complete understanding of father involvement will require the use of multiple research methods involving both experimental and nonexperimental approaches
Interstudy and Intrastudy Temporal Trends of Polychlorinated Biphenyl, Pesticide, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentrations in Air and Precipitation at a Rural Site in Ontario

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), organochlorine pesticide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were measured in air (in the vapor and particle phases) and in precipitation samples collected at Point Petre on the northeastern shore of Lake Ontario as a part of the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network. These data were measured in two separate studies, one running from 1992 to 2003 (inclusive) and the other from 1998 to 2011 (inclusive). Having these two independent studies is a direct way of measuring changes in atmospheric concentrations and comparing interstudy changes to intrastudy changes. The concentrations of almost all pesticides declined between the two studies with halving times of 3–6 years; the concentrations of PAHs and PCBs did not change much between the two studies. This suggests that there are continuing sources of PAHs and PCBs to the Great Lakes atmosphere. PAH concentrations were elevated in the winter when space heating consumes greater amounts of fuel and emits ...
Astigmatism after cataract surgery: nylon versus Mersilene.

This is a follow-up of a previous study that evaluated astigmatism after cataract surgery. In that study with a six-month follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in astigmatism between eyes with nylon sutures and those with polyester fiber (Mersilene®) sutures. This article reports the five-year data on this series of eyes.
Decreasing Orthopaedic Surgical Site Infections: A New Perioperative Protocol.

BACKGROUND Little data exist regarding the effects of prophylactic perioperative protocol on reducing surgical site infections. Based on national efforts to prevent SSIs and current evidence in the literature supporting the importance of perioperative prophylaxis, it would seem logical that expanding upon current perioperative protocol would help prevent SSIs. HYPOTHESIS Multiple variables present risk factors in the development of SSIs in the perioperative period, and optimization of patient management during this time with a series of non-invasive and inexpensive protocols may help prevent SSIs. METHODS A six-step perioperative protocol was developed and instituted in our community hospital performing mostly outpatient orthopaedic surgical procedures. The rates of SSIs, diagnosed clinically according to the Center of Disease Control SSI criteria by two orthopaedic surgeons performing the operations during postoperative visits, were recorded in all patients whose index procedure fell within a two-month period before and after the introduction of our protocol. Proportions of infections were compared using Pearson's x2 test. RESULTS There were a total of 312 cases performed by two surgeons; evaluated two months before, 153, and two months after, 159, the implementation of our protocol. The incidence of SSIs before initiation of the protocol was 9.1% n=14; and after implementation, the incidence was zero 14 vs. 0, p less than 0.0001. CONCLUSION Multiple variables in the perioperative period can contribute to the incidence of SSIs and can be controlled with diligent attention to prophylactic measures such as those presented in this paper. Our new perioperative protocol represents a cost-effective, and noninvasive method to prevent SSIs in an orthopaedic practice.
Sugar based amphiphiles: easily accessible and efficient crude oil spill thickening agents

In this work, we demonstrate the use of biomass for the catalytic production of phase-selective gelators (PSGs) as a cost-effective, environmentally benign and ideal method for crude oil spill remediation, as well as execute the study exclusively in crude oil. The use of PSGs has recently provided great promise relative to that of their traditional counterparts. However, the use of PSGs with crude oil is much more complicated due to its complex composition. All of the current PSG methods are demonstrated with refined oils or do not employ eco-friendly methods like enzymatic synthesis. Our current project entails studying sugar alcohol-derived amphiphiles for their phase-selective gelation in crude oil; the PSGs are derived from renewable, benign materials and synthesized via a simple, single-step, enzymatic catalysis that required no purification. The results showed that, after a rigorous and systematic testing, the mannitol-derived amphiphile using 8-carbon alkyl chain length (M-8) turned out to be the best crude oil PSG among the studied amphiphiles. M-8 demonstrated a versatility towards thickening of different crude oil types, an efficient ability towards selective gelation of the oil (forming crude oil gel that is over sixty-one-times its mass and stable up to 109.7 °C) in a crude oil/water mixture, and an ability to form gel under practical situations such as seawater conditions. These qualities, in addition to the use of a simple and environmentally benign method to synthesize the structuring agents, make this amphiphile very practical in real life application.
Arc generator for photovoltaic arc fault detector testing

Arcing in photovoltaic (PV) power systems is a significant concern due to the potential for property damage from a PV system fire and personal safety from electrical shock hazard or electrocution if an arc is undetected and left unmitigated. Arc fault detectors are now required by the National Electric Code and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) standard 1699B is currently under development to address testing and listing requirements for these devices. One significant challenge that arose in UL1699B draft standard development process was the way in which an arc was created to test the arc fault detector, i.e. how is an arc generated that faithfully replicates real-world conditions yet can be done with high repeatability in the laboratory? While UL standards, test protocols, and test beds exist for AC-system arc fault detectors, arcs in DC systems, particularly PV, are different. This paper reports on the results of a project to develop a DC arc generator (AG) suitable for use in the development and testing of DC arc fault detectors.
Rehabilitation of the Pontine Ataxia-Dysmetria Syndrome

Abstract We present a case of a patient with significant ataxia and dysmetria following a lacunar pontine infarction and review the literature on this uncommon syndrome. The patient had an excellent clinical course with near resolution of symptoms and signs in less than 3 weeks. We illustrate the patient's ataxia and dysmetria with videos and also use the videos to demonstrate and characterize the features of the dysmetria. Interestingly, the characteristics of the dysmetria appear to be different from those seen in patients with dysmetria arising from a cerebellar or thalamic lesion. We discuss the likely neurophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the condition and recovery. Simple noninvasive study of patients with ataxia and dysmetria secondary to a pontine lacunar infarct may be most helpful in elucidating the contribution of pontocerebellar fibers to motor control. Level of Evidence V