cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHAPTER 14 – Practical Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Under conditions that promote nucleic acid hybridization, the strands that could potentially participate in duplex formation are known by specific names. The “probe” strand, as the name implies, usually carries some type of label that permits localization and quantitation of the probe at the conclusion of the hybridization period. The other strand, commonly known as the “target” , may be either immobilized on a solid support for filter-based analysis or simply suspended in buffer, is free to participate in solution hybridization. Factors that influence the rate, specificity, fidelity, and probable utility of hybridization probes include, but are not limited to, temperature, ionic strength (primarily Na+), pH, organic solvents—such as formamide, guanosine and cytosine (G+C) content of probe, probe length, probe concentration, probe complexity, degree of complementarity between probe and target sequences, degree of mismatching, and viscosity of the system. It is important to realize that the influence of each of these variables is also dependent on the status of the probe and target molecules, including solution hybridization in which both probe and target molecules move randomly in an application-specific hybridization cocktail, as in the nuclease protection assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and mixed-phase hybridization in which the target sequences are immobilized on a solid support, as in Northern analysis.
Electrically Conductive Adhesives (ECAs)

Recently, significant advances have been made to improve electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) technology. Recent material development of various anisotropic conductive adhesives/films (ACAs/ACFs) and their applications are reviewed first and then recent research achievements in material development and in both electrical and mechanical aspects of isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) including electrical conductivity improvement, contact resistance mechanism elucidation and approaches to stabilize the contact resistance, and mechanical impact performance enhancement are reviewed in details.
Open Questions in Open Source: Exploring Incentives, Licensing and Competition

Open Source Software (OSS) has grown in importance over the last few decades and now constitutes an important part of the software market particularly in mobile and web technology. In this paper, we provide a preliminary theoretical framework for analyzing currently unexamined issues regarding developer participation in OSS and competition between open source and proprietary software. We start by looking at the upstream market where developers voluntarily contribute effort into the development of OSS without claiming any copyright for their contributions. We explore the relationship between open source licensing and developers' effort provision and suggest an empirical test of developer motivation based on the results of our model. We also look at issues of competition in the software market downstream and provide some conjectures of how proprietary competition can influence upstream OSS development under different license regimes.
Phase II feasibility study of paclitaxel (T) with trastuzumab (H) and lapatinib (L) for node-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer (BC).

633 Background: We previously demonstrated that weekly T + HL after anthracycline based therapy was not feasible due to high incidence of grade (G) 3 diarrhea, which led to modification of the ALTT...
Regulation of ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signalling box protein 4 expression in the immortalized murine endothelial cell lines MS1 and SVR: A role for tumour necrosis factor alpha and oxygen

During vascular development, endothelial cells are exposed to a variety of rapidly changing factors, including fluctuating oxygen levels. We have previously shown that Ankyrin Repeat and SOCS Box Protein 4 (ASB4) is the most highly differentially expressed gene in the vascular lineage during early differentiation and is expressed in the embryonic vasculature at a time when oxygen tension is rising due to the onset of placental blood flow. In order to further our understanding of the regulation of ASB4 expression in endothelial cells, we tested the effect of various stressors for their ability to alter ASB4 expression in the immortalized murine endothelial cell lines MS1 and SVR. ASB4 expression is decreased during hypoxic insult and shear stress whereas it is increased in response to TNF-α. Further investigation indicated that Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is the responsible transcription factor involved in the TNF-α-induced upregulation of ASB4, placing ASB4 downstream of NF-κB in the TNF-α signaling cascade and identifying it as a potential regulator for TNF-α’s numerous functions associated with inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis.
Exome Sequencing in the Clinical Setting

Exome sequencing has become a powerful tool in disease gene discoveries as well as diagnostic evaluations of genetic disorders. Clinical exome sequencing can identify contributing single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and some classes of copy-number variants (CNVs) in approximately 30% of unselected cases. For clinical laboratories that offer exome sequencing, it is important to establish reliable and robust NGS analysis, interpretation and reporting pipelines and procedures in order to ensure test quality, reliability and meet required turn-around-time (TAT). The clinical report for exome sequencing usually includes primary molecular findings related to the patient’s clinical phenotype, as well as opted in medically actionable secondary findings and carrier status for autosomal recessive disorders. Clinical exome sequencing, which was initially regarded as mainly the “last resort” for patients who had previously tested negative for specific genes, karyotype, and/or microarray studies, can now be utilized as an effective first tier test, usually for patients with nonspecific phenotypes or phenotypes suggesting substantial genetic heterogeneity. Additionally, the improvement of the methodologies, analysis tools, and TAT has brought new applications of exome sequencing into the genetic testing of patients, esp. prenatal patients or patients who are at high risk for potentially life-threatening conditions and are therefore considered critically ill.
Intimate Partner Violence Screening Behaviors of Primary Care Providers: The Necessity for a Change

Abstract A significant number of women in the United States (U.S.) are physically, sexually, or emotionally abused by a partner or former partner every year. Young adult females are most likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV), with prevalence rates for this group double the overall average. Many of these women will experience serious physical and psychological health consequences. Despite this, IPV reporting rates are extremely low, especially among college women. In response, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and many health care organizations have recommended universal screening for all women of child-bearing age; however compliance with this recommendation remains low.
On Physical-Social-Aware Localness Inference by Exploring Big Data from Location-Based Services

A user's localness (i.e., whether a user is a local resident in a city or not) and a venue's local attractiveness (i.e., the likelihood of a venue to attract local people) are important information for many location-based applications related with Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), such as participatory sensing, urban planning, traffic control and localized travel recommendations. Previous effort has been devoted to geo-locating users in a city using supervised learning approaches, which depend on the availability of high quality training datasets. However, it is difficult to obtain such training datasets in the real-world CPS applications due to the issue of privacy. In this work, we develop an unsupervised approach, called a Physical-Social-Aware Inference (PSAI) scheme, to jointly infer a user's localness and a venue's local attractiveness by exploring both the physical and social information embedded in the location-based social networks (LBSN). We further implement a parallel PSAI framework on the platform of a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) to enhance its ability to process large-scale data. Our extensive experiments on the real-world LBSN datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the PSAI scheme compared to the state-of-the-art baselines.
Oriented UiO-66 thin films through solution shearing

Here, we discuss the fabrication of oriented films of UiO-66 crystals via the solution shearing based deposition of the crystal suspension over functionalized silicon substrates. UiO-66 particle size and morphology as well as the solvent in which the particles are suspended impact the degree of crystal orientation.
Simulating weather effects on potato yield, nitrate leaching, and profit margin in the US Pacific Northwest

Abstract The US Pacific Northwest is one of the most productive potato regions in the world. However, due to the high inputs, nitrate contamination of groundwater is frequently documented, and maximizing crop productivity while minimizing nitrate leaching is still challenging. The goal of this study was to assess how irrigation level, soil type, and weather condition during various phenological phases would affect tuber yield and the associated nitrate leaching and profit margin. The Cropping System Model (CSM)-SUBSTOR-Potato was used to simulate the response variables for various scenarios that comprised two soil types, five irrigation levels, five phenological phases, five weather conditions, and 75 years of historical weather data for 3 locations in this region. The simulation results showed that nitrate leaching was higher with a higher amount of irrigation and for a lighter soil. Tuber yield and profit margins were lowest for a lighter soil and highest for 300 mm of irrigation for an extremely-drained soil and 400 mm of irrigation for a well-drained soil. The increase in profit margins with an increase in total irrigation up to 400 mm was highest for a well-drained soil, whereas the decrease in profit margins with an increase in irrigation beyond a total amount of 300 mm was larger for an extremely-drained soil. For the different types of weather scenarios that were studied, only severe hot weather had an impact on tuber yield and profit margins. The reduction was highest at tuber bulking and significant when hot weather continued from sprout development through tuber bulking or from plant establishment through tuber maturation. However, any change in weather condition from the long-term average for any growth phase did not affect leaching. These findings might be helpful to potato growers in this region to protect their potatoes from adverse weather conditions through appropriate mitigation strategies.
Approaches to Understanding the Mediator Function of Brh2 in Ustilago maydis.

Abstract Primary components of the homologous recombination pathway in eukaryotes include Rad51 whose function is to search for DNA sequence homology and promote strand exchange, its mediator BRCA2, and Dss1, a key regulator of BRCA2. We seek to understand the role of BRCA2 in governing the activity of Rad51 and to learn how BRCA2 function is regulated by Dss1. We use the microbe Ustilago maydis as a model system for experimentation because it has a well-conserved BRCA2-homolog, Brh2, and is amenable to biochemical and molecular genetic manipulations and analysis. The powerful attributes of this system open the way for gaining insight into BRCA2’s molecular mechanism through avenues not immediately approachable in the vertebrate systems. Here we provide protocols for preparing Brh2, Dss1, and Rad51 as reagents for use in biochemical assays to monitor function and present methods for transposon-based mutational analysis of Brh2 for use in genetic dissection of function.
Magnetoactive Acoustic Metamaterials

Acoustic metamaterials with negative constitutive parameters (modulus and/or mass density) have shown great potential in diverse applications ranging from sonic cloaking, abnormal refraction and superlensing, to noise canceling. In conventional acoustic metamaterials, the negative constitutive parameters are engineered via tailored structures with fixed geometries; therefore, the relationships between constitutive parameters and acoustic frequencies are typically fixed to form a 2D phase space once the structures are fabricated. Here, by means of a model system of magnetoactive lattice structures, stimuli-responsive acoustic metamaterials are demonstrated to be able to extend the 2D phase space to 3D through rapidly and repeatedly switching signs of constitutive parameters with remote magnetic fields. It is shown for the first time that effective modulus can be reversibly switched between positive and negative within controlled frequency regimes through lattice buckling modulated by theoretically predicted magnetic fields. The magnetically triggered negative-modulus and cavity-induced negative density are integrated to achieve flexible switching between single-negative and double-negative. This strategy opens promising avenues for remote, rapid, and reversible modulation of acoustic transportation, refraction, imaging, and focusing in subwavelength regimes.
Laycock, a Phenomenological Whiteheadian?

The astonishing question of what is it like to be God and to see the world as God sees it is the subject of Steven Laycock’s Foundations for a Phenomenological Theology. The extraordinary audacity of this project is mitigated somewhat by a more moderate epistemo-logical claim: “God sees through and only through our eyes.”(p. 1) Thus, on his view, the divine envisagement of the world is comprehensible because it is structurally homologous with our own.
The Social Psychology of Creativity: Effects of Evaluation on Intrinsic Motivation and Creativity of Performance

In this chapter, I will describe research and findings resulting from the study of the social psychology of creativity. Rather than attempting to specify the personality traits that distinguish creative persons or the steps of the creative process, social psychologists have focused their attention on the impact of situational factors on creative performance. Investigations carried out over the past two decades clearly demonstrate that there is a direct link between the motivational orientation brought by an individual to a task and the creativity of their performance on that task; and it is the environment, or at least certain aspects of the environment, that in large part determine that motivational orientation. Researchers working within this tradition have identified a number of environmental factors that kill intrinsic motivation and creativity. These include expected reward, competition, surveillance and time limits. But often the most deleterious extrinsic constraint of all has been found to be expected evaluation. Perhaps because situations of evaluation often combine aspects of each of the other “killers”, the expectation of evaluation has been shown to severely undermine the intrinsic motivation and creativity of performance of persons across the entire age span, individuals from all walks of life, from preschoolers to professionals whose very livelihood depends upon the creativity of their work.
Evaluation of primary immunodeficiency disease in children

One in 2,000 children younger than 18 years is thought to have a primary immunodeficiency disease. Antibody, combined B-cell and T-cell, phagocytic, and complement disorders are the most common types. Children with these diseases tend to have bacterial or fungal infections with unusual organisms, or unusually severe and recurrent infections with common organisms. A family history of primary immunodeficiency disease is the strongest predictor of a person having this type of disease. When an immunodeficiency disease is suspected, initial laboratory screening should include a complete blood count with differential and measurement of serum immunoglobulin and complement levels. The presence of lymphocytopenia on complete blood count suggests a T-cell disorder, whereas a finding of neutropenia suggests a phagocytic disorder. Abnormal serum immunoglobulin levels suggest a B-cell disorder. Abnormalities on assay of the classic or alternative complement pathways suggest a complement disorder. If laboratory results are abnormal, or if clinical suspicion continues despite normal laboratory results, children should be referred for further evaluation. Human immunodeficiency virus infection should also be considered, and testing should be performed, if appropriate; this infection often clinically resembles a T-cell disorder.
‘You hit me! That's not nice and it makes me sad!!’: relations of young children's social information processing and early school success

As part of a larger longitudinal project on the assessment of preschoolers' social-emotional development, children's social information processing (SIP) responses to unambiguous hypothetical situations of peer provocation were assessed for 239 preschoolers from Head Start and private childcare settings. SIP measurement focused on emotions children would feel during these situations, and their behavior response decisions. The aims of the study were to examine foundations of these SIP responses in self-regulation and emotion knowledge, as well as to consider how adaptive SIP responding predicted concurrent classroom adjustment and pre-academic preacademic literacy. Using a PLS modeling procedure, results showed that both self-regulation and emotion knowledge were associated with adaptive SIP responding. Moreover, adaptive SIP responding predicted classroom adjustment and pre-academic preacademic literacy. Discussion centers on the contribution of social-emotional competence to preacademic literacy.
Observability and Group Representation Theory

In this note we interpret some questions of discrete observability of linear systems dx/dt = Ax in terms of finite dimensional group representation theory. Some results of Martin and Smith [3] and of Martin and Wallace [4] are reformulated as results concerning cyclic representations, and then completed in some sense when we give a complete characterization of cyclic representations and their cyclic vectors. We then examine the case where the set of observation points generates a subgroup with the Selberg density property ([2], [5]).
Optimal Execution of Derivatives: A Taylor Expansion Approach

In this chapter, we derive the Markowitz-optimal trading trajectory for a trader who wishes to sell a large position of Kunits on some contingent claim. To do so, we first use a Taylor expansion of the derivative with respect to the price of the underlying asset at time zero. We then use up to the second-order approximation to solve the mean-variance optimization problem.
Effect of shooting and blast-induced gust on nonlinear aeroelastic stability and behavior of high-aspect ratio wing

Abstract This paper studies the effect of shooting and associated local blast induced gust on nonlinear aeroelastic stability and behaviour of a high-aspect ratio wing. The physics of shooting is modeled as a local impulse force and moment, mass release of the bullet and local blast-induced gust. The computer code NATASHA (Nonlinear Aeroelastic Trim and Stability of HALE Aircrafts) which incorporates the geometrically exact, fully intrinsic, composite beam formulation of Hodges combined with Peters aerodynamic model are used in order to simulate the problem. The effect of gun placement along the wing axis with different offset values is studied and flutter characteristics of each configurations are obtained. Frequency domain and nonlinear time domain analyses are conducted and it has been found that proper gun placement along the wing could reduce the undesirable effects of gust and impulse due to the shooting.
The Auger FET: a Novel Device Concept for Subthermal Switching

The Auger FET device concept employs new device physics to achieve low-voltage, low-energy switching. The device operates on the principle of gate modulation of Auger generation across the effective band gap of a van der Waals heterostructure. The physics of Auger generation - in which a hot carrier collides and loses energy to create an electron-hole pair — enables a subthermal subthreshold swing as low as 30 mV/decade at room temperature.
Animal factors associated with core body temperature of nonlactating dairy cows during summer.

The primary objectives of the current study were to investigate animal factors associated with core body temperature (CBT) and to determine the time of the day in which CBT assessment best describes the magnitude of hyperthermia throughout the day of heat-stressed dry cows. The secondary objective was to develop a predictive model for CBT of dry cows. Nonlactating Holstein cows (n = 105) with 250 to 260 d of gestation from 2 commercial dairies were enrolled in the study during summer. During 4 consecutive days, CBT from all cows was recorded in 5-min intervals and average CBT was calculated for each cow. In addition, mean, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation of daily CBT were calculated and using these measures cows were categorized as having high temperature (HT) or low temperature (LT) based on the median values. Cows carrying twins had greater (P 0.12) with CBT. Principal component analyses showed that 71% of the variance of CBT was explained by the first principal component alone, which was correlated with mean CBT (r = 0.99). Among all time points assessed, CBT recorded at 2215 h had the highest correlation with the first principal component (r = 0.93). The best agreement for classifying cows as HT or LT was between mean daily CBT and assessment at 2215 h (k = 0.73). The model that resulted in best predictivity (0.56) of average CBT included the following variables: dairy, gestation length, and twinning. In conclusion, findings from the present study suggest that CBT assessed between 250 and 260 d of gestation is negatively associated with gestation length and cows bearing twins have greater CBT than singletons. Our results indicate that the best time of the day to evaluate severity of heat stress in dry cows is 2215 h. Predictive models for CBT of dry cows should include dairy, twinning, and gestation length.
Quantitative Approximation by Choquet Integrals

Here we present the quantitative approximation of positive sublinear operators to the unit operator. These are given a precise Choquet integral interpretation. Initially we start with the study of the rate of the convergence of the well-known Bernstein–Kantorovich–Choquet and Bernstein–Durrweyer–Choquet polynomial Choquet-integral operators. Then we study the very general comonotonic positive sublinear operators based on the representation theorem of [9]. We finish with the approximation by the very general direct Choquet-integral form positive sublinear operators. All approximations are given via inequalities involving the modulus of continuity of the approximated function or its higher order derivative.
Reliability and Performance Issues in SiC MOSFETs: Insight Provided by Spin Dependent Recombination

In this work, we utilize electrically detected magnetic resonance via the bipolar amplification effect to explore the physical and chemical nature of defects at the 4H-SiC/SiO 2 interface in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors. Defects at and very near the 4H-SiC/SiO 2 interface are involved in bias temperature instabilities in 4H-SiC transistor technology. Of particular relevance to reliability physics, our results indicate that oxygen deficient silicon atoms in the near-interface oxide, known as E’ centers, can be greatly reduced utilizing nitric oxide and barium annealing. E’ centers have been directly linked to bias temperature instabilities in 4H-SiC technology.
The Grounds of Human Rights

“All members of the human family . . . should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.” So says Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). But WHY: What reason or reasons do we - “all members of the human family” - have for “act[ing] towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood”? A principal way for us to “act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood” is for us to try to get not just our own government but every government to treat its citizens and others with whom it deals “in a spirit of brotherhood”. What reason or reasons do we have for trying to do that - in particular, for trying to get certain rights against government established and protected? In particular: What reason or reasons do we, the citizens of one country, have for making it our business how the government of every other country treats its citizens and others? Before the Second World War, it was no part of the proper business of the government of one country, insofar as international law was concerned, how the government of another country treated its citizens: "Until World War II, most legal scholars and governments affirmed the general proposition, albeit not in so many words, that international law did not impede the natural right of each equal sovereign to be monstrous to his or her subjects." Today, by contrast, it is a matter of international concern - as the UDHR, many human rights treaties, regional as well as international, and the recent emergence of the International Criminal Court all make abundantly clear - that no government treat its citizens, or any other human beings with whom it deals, “monstrously”. We obviously have good reason to concern ourselves with how our own government treats us, its citizens. But what reason or reasons warrant our concern that no government abuse its citizens or others with whom it deals; what reason or reasons warrant our trying to get every government to treat its citizens and others with whom it deals “in a spirit of brotherhood”? In particular, what reason or reasons do we have for trying to get certain rights against government - every government - established and protected? This paper is a draft of a chapter of a book-in-progress: an introduction to, and overview of, the morality and law of international human rights. For a related paper (chapter), which I am posting to SSRN at the same time I am posting this paper, see “What Is a ‘Human Right’?”, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1824662.
Comparison of Materials Used for 3D-Printing Temporal Bone Models to Simulate Surgical Dissection.

Objective:To identify 3D-printed temporal bone (TB) models that most accurately recreate cortical mastoidectomy for use as a training tool by comparison of different materials and fabrication metho...
Known-groups validity and responsiveness to change of the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management (PETS vs. 2.0): a patient-reported measure of treatment burden.

The purpose of this study was to test the known-groups validity and responsiveness to change of the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management (PETS, vs. 2.0), a measure of treatment burden. The PETS and other standard measures were mailed at baseline and 12-month follow-up to adults living with multiple chronic conditions in southeast Minnesota (USA). A sample of 365 people (mean age = 62.1 years) completed both surveys. Baseline, 12-month, and changes in PETS burden scores were examined. Clinical anchors used to test validity included number of diagnoses (2–4 vs. 5+), mental health diagnosis (yes/no), medication adherence and health literacy (suboptimal/optimal), and changes in self-efficacy, global physical, and global mental health (worsening/improving). Independent-samples t-tests were used to compare scores. PETS scales showed good internal consistency (αs ≥ 0.80). There were few differences across number of diagnoses, but having a mental health diagnosis was associated with higher baseline PETS burden scores (Ps < .05). Suboptimal medication adherence and health literacy over time were associated with worse 12-month PETS burden scores (Ps < .05). Compared with improvements, declines over time in self-efficacy, global physical health, and global mental health were each associated with worsening change scores on PETS impact summary, medical expenses, and bother due to medication reliance and medication side effects (Ps < .05). Among multi-morbid adults, the PETS demonstrated evidence of known-groups validity and responsiveness to change across both objective (e.g., mental health diagnoses) and subjective anchors (e.g., changes in self-efficacy, global physical, and global mental health).
G589(P) Childhood tuberculosis still a significant burden: experience of a district dedicated tuberculosis service

Aims Evaluate our experience of a dedicated Tuberculosis service for children in a district general setting. Methods Rates of Tuberculosis (TB) in our area in the South East are the second highest in England and our Trust covers areas of significant deprivation. There became a need to set up a dedicated service for childhood TB in partnership with our TB community nursing team and close liaison with adult respiratory colleagues. We started in 2005 to run a monthly clinic with 2 consultants with training in TB and a dedicated TB Nurse a unique service in the South.We analysed retrospectively our recent experience 2017 to 2018. Results 10 cases of active TB were identified,age range 11 weeks to 16 years, 6 Caucasian, 2 Nepalese and 2 Eritrean. There were 37 cases latentTB age range 1 month to 16 years, 14 Caucasian, 15 Nepalese and 8 Indian. The active cases all had pulmonary TB with 100% cough, 50% haemoptysis,30% fever,20% night sweats,20% weight loss. History of contact with smear positive adult in 70% and foreign travel 40%. Chest X Ray changes 70%: 2 RUL, 3 RLL, Pleural effusion,1 hilar nodes. ESR raised 40%,Mantoux positive 90%,T Spot positive 70%, AAFBs or culture TB 20%. All HIV negative. All successfully treated using DOT and VOTs. Use of Latent TB government video for explaining latent TB was popular. All cases were discussed with Adult TB team and clinic visits always had TB nurse present. Conclusions In areas with high rates of TB in a district a dedicated district service seems an effective way to see patients within a Mutidiscliplinary Team and allows good liason with Adult TB team. The setting up of networks for Paediatric TB may encourage this set up with discussion of active cases with tertiary infectious disease specialists while maintaining good local supportive supervision and deliver of care.
Emergency Management Missing from the Pandemic

The change in presidential administrations in the United States promises new approaches to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. The first year of the pandemic response in the United States has been characterized by a lack of national leadership. Moreover, the message from the White House Coronavirus Task Force has been muddled at best. There have been great inconsistencies in how the States have chosen to address spreading infections and increased stress on individual Americans who are trying to protect themselves and their families. The same pattern can be found with the distribution of vaccines and management of vaccinations. Politics has often conflicted with public health concerns. The States have been left to provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to medical personnel and first responders and to formulate their own guidance for protective measures.
Exploiting Phagocytic Checkpoints in Nanomedicine: Applications in Imaging and Combination Therapies

Recent interest in cancer immunotherapy has largely been focused on the adaptive immune system, particularly adoptive T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Despite improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival across multiple cancer types, neither cell-based therapies nor ICB results in durable disease control in the majority of patients. A critical component of antitumor immunity is the mononuclear phagocyte system and its role in both innate and adaptive immunity. The phagocytic functions of these cells have been shown to be modulated through multiple pathways, including the CD47-SIRPα axis, which is manipulated by cancer cells for immune evasion. In addition to CD47, tumors express a variety of other "don't eat me" signals, including beta-2-microglobulin and CD24, and "eat me" signals, including calreticulin and phosphatidylserine. Therapies targeting these signals can lead to increased phagocytosis of cancer cells; however, because "don't eat me" signals are markers of "self" on normal cells, treatment can result in negative off-target effects, such as anemia and B-cell depletion. Recent preclinical research has demonstrated the potential of nanocarriers to synergize with prophagocytic therapies, address the off-target effects, improve pharmacokinetics, and codeliver chemotherapeutics. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles paired with preferential size for passive targeting allows for greater accumulation of therapeutic cargo. In addition, nanomaterials hold promise as molecular imaging agents for the detection of phagocytic markers. This mini review highlights the unique capabilities of nanotechnology to expand the application and efficacy of immunotherapy through recently discovered phagocytotic checkpoint therapies.
P76 Engaging New Audiences Through the Healthy Food Fast: Using your Multi-Cooker Program

Objective Provide an overview of Healthy Food Fast: Using your Multi-Cooker (HFF) as an effective one-time program for adults to increase knowledge and intentions for eating healthier, home-prepared meals. Use of Theory or Research Home cooking levels have steadily declined, leading to shifts in family meal frequency and form (Holm & Lund, 2019). Americans have decreased time spent on food preparation and increased reliance on convenience and takeout meals (Wang & Beydoun, 2007). However, research shows many households still view family meals as a priority (Smith et al, 2013). Target Audience Adults (19+ years) wanting to improve food preparation knowledge and skills, specifically on multi-cookers. Program Description HFF incorporates hands-on lessons and recipes to familiarize attendees with multi-cookers. Settings primarily included community organizations and centers, libraries, healthcare, faith-based organizations, and worksites. From 2019-2020, 45 one-time sessions were conducted (93% in-person; 3% virtually). Evaluation Methods Surveys (post-pre format) were conducted immediately post-program either in-person or online and included demographic, food preparation self-efficacy, and food safety questions. Significant differences were detected at P Results Survey respondents (n = 466; 42% return rate) were mostly female (95%) and ranged from 19 to 70 plus years (56% in 50–69-year-old range). Prior multi-cooker experience included: no experience using 1 (54%); using 1 Conclusion HFF introduced attendees to the multi-cooker in a casual learning environment that was associated with improved self-efficacy. These one-time lessons have been effective at introducing adult community members to Extension who may not have been involved in programming previously.
A case against the lognormal distribution

The lognormal distribution is, in some respects, of great simplicity. This is one reason why, next to the Gaussian, it is widely viewed as the practical statistician’s best friend. From the viewpoint described in Chapter E5, it is short-run concentrated and long-run even. This makes it the prototype of the state of slow randomness, the difficult middle ground between the wild and mild state of randomness. Metaphorically, every lognormal resembles a liquid, and a very skew lognormal resembles a glass, which physicists view as a very viscous liquid.
The Great Baptism

THERE IS A TIME in my memory when my age is not measured in years. "Before the flood" or "after the flood" suffices. Days convert to water marks, distances calculated from the lapping surface of the lake to the roofs of houses. The flood must have come when I was nine. I've determined this by the watery memory of my possessions washing out my upstairs window?my birthday tea set bobbed by and Tiny Tears reached for me as I was dragged by my father toward the chimney. And then, of course, there are the people that I knew before the flood who I would never see again. For months Mother called the flood the Great Baptism because, at first, it put us on the path to a better life. My own baptism happened in the church before the flood, but I was never better for it. Eternal Life Baptist Church was saved from total destruction by the slope of the earth, but after the flood, when most of the survivors moved away and businesses shut down, the church followed. Last summer I made the trip back to see what was left. Eternal Life Baptist still stood. When I pried open its rotted walnut doors I could still hear the echoing microphone, the gallant choir, and the gentle sloshing of water. Not water from the flood, but baptismal water. Yet when I think of how baptism feels, it's something like a flood. Or like falling off a dock with a dress on, the skirt billowing up around you as you sink. There comes an instant when you must choose whether you will punch against the preacher or simply lean back and trust the weight of his hand, strapped across your gaping mouth, blocking the water. When my mother was twelve, she was baptized in a river. On the bank she stood in starched white lace, orange mud oozing around her ankles, until she was led into the water by the preacher in his soggy suit. She promised herself an indoor ceremony for me. Perhaps she chose Eternal Life simply because of its baptistry that loomed like a large fish tank implanted in the wall high above where the choir stood. Facing the choir, we sat in stiff pine pews, our necks hinged back, lulled by our aquarium view. In a blue sea of organ chords we drifted with the waves on the other side of the glass and watched the preacher push the heads under, watched the elegant legs float up. Behind ripples and splashes swayed swirling aqua tile. Above the water line, the tile burst into a bright
Team Oriented Programming and Proxy Agents: The Next Generation

Coordination between large teams of highly heterogeneous entities will change the way complex goals are pursued in real world environments. One approach to achieving the required coordination in such teams is to give each team member a proxy that assumes routine coordination activities on behalf of its team member. Despite that approach’s success, as we attempt to apply this first generation of proxy architecture to larger teams in more challenging environments, some limitations become clear. In this paper, we present initial efforts on the next generation of proxy architecture and Team Oriented Programming (TOP), called Machinetta. Machinetta aims to overcome the limitations of the previous generation of proxies and allow effective coordination between very large teams of highly heterogeneous agents. We describe the principles underlying the design of the Machinetta proxies and present initial results from two domains.
An Overview of RNA Structure Prediction

This unit briefly describes the two fundamentally different methods for predicting RNA structures. The first is to find that structure with the minimum free energy of folding, as predicted by various thermodynamic parameters related to base-pair stacking, loop lengths, and other features. If one has only a single sequence, this thermodynamic approach is the best available method. The second fundamental approach to RNA structure prediction is to use multiple, homologous sequences for which one can infer a common structure, and then try and predict a structure common to all of the sequences. Such an approach is referred to as a comparative method or phylogenetic method of RNA structure prediction.
The Popular Culture Collection Quandary: A Survey of Faculty Needs

Although interest in the study of popular culture on the university and college level has increased greatly since the 1960s, there has been little written to date about collection development in this field. What has been written has typically described the collection development activities in particular academic libraries instead of attempting to address the topic generally. The lack of general guidelines for collection building in this area of study is not surprising. In the first place, popular culture is a relative newcomer to the academic scene with most programs and courses instituted in the last decade. Secondly, popular culture is a broad, diverse field of study with its researchers typically scattered throughout many of the more traditional departments of the university. As a result, the demands on the library have been less focused than if they had been coming from one clearly defined academic department.
Student modeling with atomic bayesian networks

Atomic Bayesian Networks (ABNs) combine several valuable features in student models: prerequisite relationships, concept to solution step relationships, and real time responsiveness. Recent work addresses some of these features but have not combined them, which we believe is necessary in an ITS that helps students learn in a complex domain, in our case, object-oriented design. A refined representation of prerequisite relationships considers relationships between concepts as explicit knowledge units. Theorems show how to reduce the number of parameters required to a small constant, so that each ABN can guarantee a real time response. We evaluated ABN-based student models with 240 simulated students, investigating their behavior for different types of students and different slip and guess values. Holding slip and guess to equal, small values, ABNs are able to produce accurate diagnostic rates for student knowledge states.
Locomotor hindrance of carrying an enlarged sexually selected structure on inclines for male fiddler crabs

Sexual selection often results in males exhibiting exaggerated traits (e.g. bright colors, elaborate appendages) to attract potential mates and in some cases to also use as a weapon. These traits, however, can impose costs, such as an increase in energy expenditure and a decrease in locomotor performance, which could decrease foraging efficiency and increase an individual's vulnerability to predators. We examined the effect of the enlarged claw in male fiddler crabs Uca pugilator on ecologically relevant performance measures. We measured locomotor performance and kinematics during horizontal, uphill and downhill movements. Speed and stride mechanics were measured for clawed males, males after the claw was removed, and females while running on level (0°), uphill (15 and 30°) and downhill (−15 and −30°) slopes. Endurance capacities were measured on all crabs on horizontal and uphill inclines. Though claw removal had no significant effect on horizontal speeds, removal of the major claw significantly increased uphill speeds of male fiddler crabs at 15 and 30° inclines. Generally, as incline increased, the difference in performance between males with the enlarged claw and those with the claw removed increased. We also found that clawed males exhibit slower downhill speeds compared to clawless males and that claw removal significantly enhanced endurance on all inclines. This study indicates that an assessment of movement on level surfaces alone may not be entirely ecologically relevant when determining the actual costs of sexually selected ornaments.
A new ONO(3-) trianionic pincer ligand with intermediate flexibility and its tungsten alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes.

This report details the synthesis and characterization of the semi-flexible [ONCH2O]H3 (1) ligand and its W(VI)-alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes. The alkylidyne complex [ONHCH2O]WCtBu(OtBu) (2) forms as a result of alcoholysis of 1 with (tBuO)3WCtBu. Complex 2 evolves to [ONCH2O]WCHtBu(OtBu) (3) through proton migration from the N atom of the pincer ligand to the WCα bond. Deprotonation of 2 or 3 with Ph3PCH2 affords the anionic alkylidyne {CH3PPh3}{[ONCH2O]WCtBu(OtBu)} (4). Complex 4 exhibits pincer-ligand-centered reactivity with electrophiles (H+, Me+, and TMS+), in spite of its enhanced inorganic enamine interaction. Addition of 2 equiv. of HCl to 4 yields the W(VI)-neopentyl complex [ONCH2O]W(CH2tBu)(OtBu)(Cl) (5). MeOTf or TMSOTf addition to 4 generates the dianionic pincer ligated alkylidynes [ONRCH2O]WCtBu(OtBu) (R = Me (6-Me); TMS (6-TMS)). Complexes 2–5 were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and combustion analysis. Complexes 4 and 5 were also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This work bridges the gap in the series involving W(VI)-alkylidynes ligated to the rigid [CF3-ONO]3−, and the flexible [OCH2NCH2O]3− ligands. DFT computations permit comparison of the inorganic enamine effect within alkylidynes supported by all three trianionic-pincer type ONO ligands.
Discontinuous mode sparse Dyna-C rectifier for efficient AC/DC power conversion

The paper investigates a soft-switching buck-boost AC/DC converter. The proposed converter uses 4 active switches and overcomes the various shortcomings of conventional rectifiers. The proposed controller facilitates discontinuous mode of operation that leads to zero current turn on and turn off. A nonlinear average phase charge based controller is presented which ensures zero harmonic current in the input phases. The switching scheme has been so arranged that the diodes always turn off at zero voltage thereby reducing the reverse recovery stress and losses. These modifications lead to a considerable reduction of switching loss and device stress as compared to the conventional control scheme of Dyna-C. Owing to soft switching states, the frequency of operation can be pushed even higher thereby reducing the size of the passive components. An alternate switching pattern has also been discussed which enables soft switched turn off of active switches. Design guidelines to construct an optimized inductor has also been discussed. Simulation and initial experimental results are presented to validate operation of the control scheme. A comparison study has been carried out to choose the appropriate set of devices for this application. The research shows that SiC-MOS with low cost Si-PiN Diode results in impressive reduction in overall losses. The topology is expected to offer compact, fast, efficient and inexpensive solution to the present AC/DC power conversion requirements.
Multimedia and case studies in structural engineering

A computer-based multimedia system has been developed for the storage, retrieval, and display of slide images and information to support the use of case studies in the undergraduate engineering curriculum. Case studies are presented as an effective means of integrating design context into the classroom to motivate students and appeal to what educational psychologists term sensory learning styles. A detailed description of the multimedia system with feedback on its trial use in the classroom is included.