cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallel methods for optimality criteria-based topology optimization

Abstract Topology optimization problems require the repeated solution of finite element problems that are often extremely ill-conditioned due to highly heterogeneous material distributions. This makes the use of iterative linear solvers inefficient unless appropriate preconditioning is used. Even then, the solution time for topology optimization problems is typically very high. These problems are addressed by considering the use of non-overlapping domain decomposition-based parallel methods for the solution of topology optimization problems. The parallel algorithms presented here are based on the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) formulation of the topology optimization problem and use the optimality criteria method for iterative optimization. We consider three parallel linear solvers to solve the equilibrium problem at each step of the iterative optimization procedure. These include two preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) methods: one using a diagonal preconditioner and one using an incomplete LU factorization preconditioner with a drop tolerance. A third substructuring solver that employs a hybrid of direct and iterative (PCG) techniques is also studied. This solver is found to be the most effective of the three solvers studied, both in terms of parallel efficiency and in terms of its ability to mitigate the effects of ill-conditioning. In addition to examining parallel linear solvers, we consider the parallelization of the iterative optimality criteria method. To tackle checkerboarding and mesh dependence, we propose a multi-pass filtering technique that limits the number of “ghost” elements that need to be exchanged across interprocessor boundaries.
Ring-opening Ziegler polamerization of methylenecycloalkanes catalyzed by highly electrophilic d0/f(n) metallocenes. Reactivity, scope, reaction mechanism, and routes to functionalized polyolefins

A series of zirconium and lanthanide metallocene catalysts are active in the regioselective ring-opening polymerization of strained exo-methylenecycloalkanes to yield exo-methylene-functionalized polyethylenes. MCB (methylenecyclobutane) affords the polymer [CH2CH2CH2C(CH2)]n under the catalytic action of (1,2-Me2Cp)2ZrMe+MeB(C6F5)3-, and MCP (methylenecyclopropane) affords the polymer [CH2CH2C(CH2)]n under the catalytic action of [(Me5Cp)2LuH]2. Reversible deactivation of the [(Me5Cp)2LuH]2 catalyst is observed in the MCP polymerization reaction and is ascribed to formation of a Lu-allyl species based on D2O quenching experiments. In contrast, the catalysts [(Me5Cp)2SmH]2 and [(Me5Cp)2LaH]2 yield the dimer 1,2-dimethylene-3-methylcyclopentane (DMP) from MCP with high chemoselectivity. The mechanism of dimerization is proposed to involve the intermediacy of 3-methylene-1,6-heptadiene (MHD) and is supported by the observation that independently synthesized MHD is smoothly converted to DMP under catalytic c...
Equilibrium Vapor Adsorption and Capillary Force: Exact Laplace–Young Equation Solution and Circular Approximation Approaches

The capillary adhesion force of an asperity of radius R as a function of vapor partial pressure is calculated using exact and approximate methods assuming a continuum model. The equilibrium between the capillary meniscus at the asperity and the adsorbate film on the surface is discussed through a disjoining pressure term. It is found that the two methods agree very well over a wide partial pressure range. Without taking into account the effect of the adsorbate film, the theoretical calculation results do not show the experimental partial pressure dependence of the capillary force except near the saturation vapor condition. The experimental capillary force trend with partial pressure can be explained when the presence of the adsorbate film is included in the calculation.
A confirmation of the factor structure of the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire.

Background The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire was designed to measure three functional types of social support: (a) affect, (b) affirmation, and (c) aid. Due to high intercorrelations among factors, it has been impossible to empirically disentangle these three factors using exploratory factor analysis. Objective To confirm the originally hypothesized three-factor structure of the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire by imposing theoretically motivated constraints upon the model. Method With pooled data (N = 457) from two previous studies, the parameters of the hypothesized LISREL model were estimated by the Generally Weighted Least Squares Method using an asymptotic covariance matrix. Results The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire measures three functional types of social support: (a) AFFECT, (b) AFFIRMATION, and (c) AID (χ2 = 8.42, df = 6, p = .208). These three factors are highly correlated and their unique error terms are uncorrelated. Conclusions The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of total network support, as well as three functional types of social support. The three functional types of social support should be calculated and used in analyses, when appropriate. To support the development of context-specific theories, the efficacy of specific functional types of social support from specific network members should be investigated.
Approach to the Sensitized Patient Awaiting Heart Transplantation

The management of the sensitized patient awaiting heart transplant remains a challenge and an active area of research. The development of solid-phase immunoassays (including the C1q assay) has allowed high-resolution determination of antibodies most likely to be associated with antibody-mediated rejection and adverse outcomes. The precision of these techniques has permitted the adoption of the virtual crossmatch, substantially expanding the donor pool for sensitized patients and reducing wait times to transplant. Desensitization strategies continue to evolve, and the most effective therapies appear to be a combined approach utilizing antibody depletion, targeted B cell or plasma cell therapy, or immunomodulation. Further therapy in addition to cytolytic induction may be required at transplant, with judicious monitoring post-transplant for antibody rebound and rejection.
Effect of fluoride on the ATP requirement for glycerolipid biosynthesis in adipose tissue of four mammalian species

1. Maximal glycerolipid biosynthesis activity was determined with 700 g homogenates of human, ovine, rat and bovine adipose tissue, and in the presence of varied concentrations of ATP and fluoride (as KF). 2. Minimal responses to either ATP or KF were observed with human homogenates. 3. Increasing ATP, from 4 to 20 mM, markedly increased glycerolipid biosynthesis in ovine and rat homogenates, but not in those of the bovine; similar responses were observed with 4 mM ATP plus 12.5 mM KF for rat and ovine. 4. Results indicated that KF inhibited ATP degradation in adipose tissue homogenates and that the severity of ATP degradation differed with species.
Growth of chick aortic endothelial cells: incorporation of tritiated uridine and thymidine.

Zellen der Kuckenaorta zeigten, dass der Einbau von H3-behandeltem Uridin oder Thymidin in linearem Verhaltnis zur Zeitdauer der Stoffeinwirkung stand. Sekundare, ebenso alle weiteren Zellkulturen ergaben markante Zunahme der linearen Pyrimidinaufnahme, eine Inkorporation, die mit zunehmender Zellgrosse und hoherem Stoffwechsel zusammenhangt.
Faith and Work: An Exploratory Study of Religious Entrepreneurs

The influence of religion on work has not been fully explored, and, in particular, the relationship between religion and entrepreneurship as a specific type of work. This study explores the link between entrepreneurial behavior and religion. The study finds that religion, for entrepreneurs, is highly individualized, leading to the initial impression that religion and work have no relationship. Upon closer inspection, however, the study finds that religion does shape entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurial activity is impacted by a need for the entrepreneurs to reinterpret their work in religious terms, ending the tension for them between faith and work.
Laser-assisted fibrinogen bonding of vascular tissue.

Abstract Characterization of the stress-strain profiles of welded tissue would provide an additional means of analyzing this new technology and comparing it with alternative anastomosing techniques. Rabbit longitudinal aortotomies were repaired with either 7-O polypropylene sutures or an 808-nm diode laser (power density, 4.8 watts/cm 2 ) after topical application of fibrinogen mixed with indocyanine green dye (peak absorption, 805 nm). The rabbits were sacrificed between 0 and 28 days, and the fresh aortic specimens were strained axially in diluted plasma solution until ultimate breakage occurred in order to produce a stress-strain profile graph. No significant differences were noted between sutured and bonded aorta at any time interval. Nonincised aortic tissue (378 lb/in 2 ) withstood significantly higher stress ( P 2 ) and bonded (210 lb/in 2 ) groups at the time of creation. By 7 days after operation, however, no significant differences were noted among any of the three groups. At 28 days after operation, the laser-bonded aorta was significantly stronger than the control aorta ( P 2 ) to be more rigid than the control aorta (231 lb/in 2 ) ( P
The Relationship Between the Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) and the False Memory Syndrome (FMS)

The parental alienation syndrome (PAS) is primarily a disorder of childhood. The false memory syndrome (FMS) is a disorder of young adults, primarily women. They share in common a campaign of acrimony against a parent. It is the purpose of this article to describe both the similarities and the differences between these two disorders. It is the author's hope that this information will prove useful to those who work in both realms because information about either disorder can be useful for understanding the development, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with the other.
Computerized tomography of nonvascular causes of renal hypertension.

The many potential applications of CT to the evaluation of hypertension are reviewed. Included in the presentation is a discussion of the use of CT in evaluation of renal size, renal failure, renal neoplasm and cystic disease, focal renal scarring, hydronephrosis, and subcapsular processes.
Pauling's second crystal rule for nitrogen-substituted crystal structures

The use of Pauling's second crystal rule possibly for predicting anion aliovalent substitutions, particularly those of nitrogen replacing oxygen, in crystallographic isotypes is examined. Bond length/bond strength sums are also reviewed for some structures where nitrogen-substitution is known.
Development of novel electrospun absorbable polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for hernia repair applications

Introduction Permanent/nonresorbable hernia repair materials rely on profibrotic wound healing, and repair sites are commonly composed of disorganized tissue with inferior mechanical strength and risk of reherniation. Resorbable electrospun scaffolds represent a novel class of biomaterials, which may provide a unique platform for the design of advanced soft tissue repair materials. These materials are simple, inexpensive, nonwoven materials composed of polymer fibers that readily mimic the natural extracellular matrix. The primary goal of the present study was to evaluate the physiomechanical properties of novel electrospun scaffolds to determine their suitability for hernia repair. Based on previous experimentation, scaffolds possessing ≥20 N suture retention strength, ≥20 N tear resistance, and ≥50 N/cm tensile strength are appropriate for hernia repair.
Biosynthesis of bufadienolides--3-beta-hydroxycholanates as precursors in Bufo marinus bufadienolides synthesis.

Abstract The biosynthesis of bufadienolides in toads ( Bufo marinus ) was investigated by measuring the radioactivity of resibufogenin, bufalin, marinobufagin and telocinobufagin in the venom following injection of some possible precursors labeled with 14 C or tritium. The data indicate that both 5α and 5β, 3β-hydroxycholanate derivates are more efficient precursors than cholesterol. No incorporation could be detected from the venom extract when labeled pregnenolone was given. These findings are in direct contradistinction to the reported biosynthesis of cardiotonic steroids in plants from pregnenolone or progesterone.
Daily energy expenditure by five-year-old children, measured by doubly labeled water

Current recommendations for daily energy requirements in 5-year-old children (90 kcal/kg per day) are based on energy intake associated with normal growth. It is not known, however, how these recommendations compare with total freeliving energy expenditure (TEE) and how much of TEE is related to physical activity. The TEE and the resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured in 28 white children, aged 5 years (15 boys, 13 girls; mean (±SD) weight 20.1±3.4 kg; height 113±6 cm; fat 20%±5%). The TEE was calculated during a 7-day period from urinary elimination rates of deuterium ( 2 H) and heavy oxygen ( 18 O) by using a modification of the two-point slope-intercept method; RMR was measured by a ventilated-hood indirect calorimeter. Physical activity indexes were also collected from questionnaires completed by the parents. Measured TEE was considerably lower than the recommended dietary allowances (1370±222 kcal/ day vs 1807±310 kcal/day; p p r =0.40; p
The use of the natural binding of bacteria for the identification of human T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in blood smears

Abstract In previous studies we showed that human Ig-bearing lymphocytes can be identified in blood smears by using anti-Ig antibody coated on a strain of Escherichia coli. We also showed that in purified lymphocyte suspensions, B cells and four T-cell subpopulations could be identified by spontaneous binding of several strains of bacteria. Here we investigated the possibility of identifying the lymphocyte subpopulations in blood smears by spontaneous binding of bacteria. Eight strains of bacteria were used: E. coli (Ec) 2 and 3, Arizona hinshawii (Ah), Bacillus globigii (Bg), Brucella melitensis (Bm), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) 1 and 2, and Sarcina lutea (Sl). We determined the percentages of lymphocytes that bound these bacteria in blood smears from eight normal donors. The washed whole blood cells were centrifuged with bacteria, the excess bacteria were removed by low-speed centrifugation, and the smears were prepared and stained. We found that, in terms of percentages of lymphocytes labeled, bacteria bound consistently in normal donors. Also we mapped the lymphocyte subpopulations of three normal donors by labeling the lymphocytes with one strain or combinations of two strains of bacteria. Four T-cell and two B-cell subpopulations were identified. A minimum of four bacteria were shown to be sufficient to identify all these six subpopulations, which may be defined as follows: Bm+ (B cells), Bm+Bg− (B1), Bm+Bg+ (B2), Bm−Ah+Bg− (T1), Bm−Ah+Bg+ (T2), Bm−Ah−Sal+ (T3) and Bm−Ah−Sal− (T4). We concluded that in normal donors six lymphocyte subpopulations consistently can be identified by labeling the lymphocytes in blood smears with at least four strains of bacteria.
Social change at bike week

This paper presents a photographic analysis of social change in a motorcycling culture using two different techniques of visual sociology. Both approaches investigate and inform about the social change taking place at an annual Bike Week and in the broader culture of the event's participants. First, repeat photographs of the same sites over time provide a systematic longitudinal comparison. Second, a visual essay is used to investigate the perspective of two long‐time participants. The article concludes with a discussion of substantive and methodological issues.
High resolution telescopes at the National Solar Observatory

Abstract The principal high-resolution telescopes of the National Solar Observatory are its two evacuated telescopes of 61-cm aperture (Kitt Peak) and 75-cm aperture (Sac Peak). The 61-cm telescope is used for making full-disk magnetograms, spectromagnetograms and λ10830 maps that show coronal holes, and is dedicated to synoptic programs. We describe the 75-cm telescope at Sac Peak. Upgrades that are underway include an adaptive mirror and fast mirror system that will feed several focal-plane instruments including the Universal Spectrograph, a new spectrograph whose detectors are CCD cameras, the Universal Birefringent Filter, a Fabry-Perot Interferometer and an Advanced Stokes Polarimeter (ASP), is being constructed at the High Altitude Observatory. Additional equipment planned for this telescope includes an improved temperature control subsystem for the entrance window, an instrument that continually measures Fried's parameter, r0, and integrating more advanced data collection systems into a computer network. The observatory is also pursuing a mirror coronagraph, which should have high resolution and which could be built in apertures larger than a meter.
Sequential plasma lactate concentrations as prognostic indicators in adult equine emergencies.

Background: Sequential lactate concentration ([LAC]) measurements have prognostic value in that hospitalized humans and neonatal foals that have a delayed return to normolactatemia have greater morbidity and case fatality rate. Hypothesis: Prognosis for survival is decreased in horses with a delayed return to normal [LAC]. Animals: Two hundred and fifty adult horses presented for emergency evaluation excepting horses evaluated because of only ophthalmologic conditions, superficial wounds, and septic synovitis without systemic involvement. Methods: Prospective observational study. [LAC] was measured at admission and then at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after admission. The change in [LAC] over time ([LAC]ΔT) was calculated from changes in [LAC] between sampling points. Results: Median [LAC] was significantly (P < .001) higher at admission in nonsurvivors (4.10 mmol/L [range, 0.60–18.20 mmol/L]) when compared with survivors (1.30 mmol/L [range, 0.30–13.90 mmol/L]) and this difference remained at all subsequent time points. The odds ratio for nonsurvival increased from 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.17–1.43) at admission to 49.90 (6.47–384) at 72 hours after admission for every 1 mmol/L increase in [LAC]. [LAC]ΔT was initially positive in all horses but became negative and significantly lower in nonsurvivors for the time periods between 24–72 hours (− 0.47, P= .001) and 48–72 hours (− 0.07, P= .032) when compared with survivors (0.00 at both time periods) consistent with lactate accumulation in nonsurvivors. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results indicate that lactate metabolism is impaired in critically ill horses and [LAC]ΔT can be a useful prognostic indicator in horses.
Purified RPE65 shows isomerohydrolase activity after reassociation with a phospholipid membrane

Generation of 11-cis-retinol from all-trans-retinyl ester in the retinal pigment epithelium is a critical step in the visual cycle and is essential for perception of light. Recent findings from cell culture models suggest that protein RPE65 is the retinoid isomerohydrolase that catalyzes the reaction. However, previous attempts to detect the enzymatic activity of purified RPE65 were unsuccessful, and thus its enzymatic function remains controversial. Here, we developed a novel liposome-based assay for isomerohydrolase activity. The results showed that purified recombinant chicken RPE65 had a high affinity for all-trans-retinyl palmitate-containing liposomes and demonstrated a robust isomerohydrolase activity. Furthermore, we found that all-trans-retinyl ester must be incorporated into the phospholipid membrane to serve as a substrate for isomerohydrolase. This assay system using purified RPE65 enabled us to measure kinetic parameters for the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by RPE65. These results provide conclusive evidence that RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase of the visual cycle.
Non-oscillatory and oscillatory nanofluid bio-thermal convection in a horizontal layer of finite depth

Abstract The onset of bio-thermal convection in a suspension containing both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms, such as algae, is considered. Physical mechanisms responsible for the slip velocity between the nanoparticles and the base fluid, such as Brownian motion and thermophoresis, are included in the model. The suspension occupies a horizontal layer of finite depth. The lower boundary of the layer is assumed rigid while at the upper boundary both cases of either rigid or stress-free top boundaries are considered. A linear instability analysis is performed and the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved analytically using the Galerkin method. The cases of oscillatory and non-oscillatory convection are studied. Investigation of the dependence of the thermal Rayleigh number on the nanoparticle Rayleigh number and the bioconvection Rayleigh number is performed. The boundaries of oscillatory and non-oscillatory instability are established. The effect of nanoparticles can be either stabilizing or destabilizing, depending on whether the basic nanoparticle distribution is bottom-heavy or top-heavy. The effect of upswimming microorganisms is generally destabilizing.
Survival versus Consumption

We develop an indirect method to estimate utility and willingness to pay WTP for reductions in the risk of death at various ages. Using a life-cycle model of consumption, we assume that an individual sets his consumption level each year so as to maximize his expected lifetime utility. Alternative assumptions about opportunities for borrowing and annuities characterize two polar types of societies. In our Robinson Crusoe case, an individual must be entirely self-sufficient, and annuities are not available. In our perfect markets case, an individual can borrow against future earnings and purchase actuarially fair annuities; we show that under these assumptions WTP is the sum of livelihood discounted expected future earnings and consumer surplus. To illustrate our methods, we derive WTP for an average financially independent American man under plausible assumptions. The model is calibrated to 1978 earnings e.g., $18,000 per year for men aged 45-54 with at least some income. In the Robinson Crusoe case, WTP increases from $500,000 at age 20 to a peak of $1,250,000 at age 40, and declines to $630,000 at age 60. In the perfect markets case, age variations are less pronounced; WTP is $1,050,000 at age 20, peaks at $1,070,000 at age 25, and declines to $600,000 at age 60. These results suggest that individuals value risks to their lives at several times the pro-rata share of their future earnings.
Activity levels of some oxidoreductases of carbohydrate metabolism in leukoplakic and normal human buccal epithelium.

. The levels of activity of three oxidoreductases (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, NAD-de-pendent isocitrate, and glueose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases) were determined in pathologically keratinized (leukoplakic) and adjacent normal nonkeratinzed epithelium from the buccal mucosa of humans. Samples of histologically identifiable epithelial layers as well as of whole epithelium were isolated by microdissection from frozen-dried sections and assayed by ultramicrochemical methods. In the leukoplakic epithelium, as compared to the normal, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was slightly higher, NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was more than twice as high, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was about l/3 lower. These findings suggest a higher potential for the formation of energy-rich compounds but a lower potential for pentose phosphogluconate pathway activity in the leukoplakic epithelium.
The relationship of social skills to psychopathology for individuals with severe or profound mental retardation

The relationship between social skills and psychopathology in 846 individuals with severe or profound intellectual disability was examined. A linear regression analysis was performed and showed that increases in psychopathological symptoms were related to increases in negative behaviours. Results of six one-way ANOVAs comparing individuals with no diagnosis and those diagnosed with stereotypic movement disorder showed that these two groups differed in general positive and positive nonverbal skills. Implications of the findings are discussed.
SOCIOLOGY OF THE COLLEGE CLASSROOM: APPLYING SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AT THE CLASSROOM LEVEL*

Teaching Sociology's emphasis on the scholarship of teaching and learning has moved the field well beyond simple description of teaching methods. There is no doubt that the journal is more scholarly than in the past. Still, we do not take advantage of our rich theoretical disciplinary work. There is much to learn sociologically about the classroom and other sites of interaction between teachers and students. Our classrooms are social sites and our analysis of them can be of help to scholars both inside and outside the discipline. In this article, we propose a sensitizing concept, the sociology of the college classroom-the application of sociological theory and/or concepts to understand social phenomena that take place at the level of the classroom and other sites of faculty-student interaction. We situate the sociology of the college classroom as a subset of the scholarship of teaching and learning and the sociology of higher education. Sociology of the college classroom can be a place not only where research meets teaching, but it can also be a site where sociological theory meets pedagogical praxis.
Near-surface scattering phenomena and implications for tunnel detection

AbstractTunnel locations are accurately interpreted from diffraction sections of focused mode converted P- to S-wave diffractions from a perpendicular tunnel and P-wave diffractions from a nonperpendicular (oblique) tunnel. Near-surface tunnels are ideal candidates for diffraction imaging due to their small size relative to the seismic wavelength and large acoustic impedance contrast at the tunnel interface. Diffraction imaging algorithms generally assume that the velocities of the primary wave and the diffracted wave are approximately equal, and that the diffraction apex is recorded directly above the scatterpoint. Scattering phenomena from shallow tunnels with kinematic properties that violate these assumptions were observed in one field data set and one synthetic data set. We developed the traveltime equations for mode-converted and oblique diffractions and demonstrated a diffraction imaging algorithm designed for the roll-along style of acquisition. Potential processing and interpretation pitfalls spe...
the urbanx Indian in colonial Oaxaca1

Documentary sources from Mexican and Spanish archives are used to analyze ethnicity and ethnic change among the urban Indians in the Spanish city of Antequera (now called Oaxaca) in colonial Mexico. After briefly reviewing the ethnography of the Valley of Oaxaca at the time of Spanish contact, I will discuss the ethnic boundaries among the Nahuas, Zapotecs, and Mixtecs of Antequera, the relation of the Indians to other socioracial categories in the city (i.e., Spaniards, mestizos, mulattoes), and the course of change within urban Indian society between 1521 and 1800.
Biology and Seasonal Abundance of Hymenopterous Parasitoids of Sorghum Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

During studies carried out in Burleston County, Texas, in 1980-81, 4 hymenopterous parasites of the sorghum pest Contarinia sorghicola (Coq.) were found; they were Eupelmus popa Gir., a species of Tetrastichus near T. venustus Gah., a species of Tetrastichus near T. blastophagi (Ashm.) and T. diplosidis (J.C. Crawford) (Aprostocetus diplosidis). E. popa and T. diplosidis were ectoparasitic on the pest in sorghum spikelets, while the species of Tetrastichus near T. venustus fed both externally and internally. Members of the parasite complex oviposited and developed into adults in spikelets containing immature midges between 1 and 18 days old (larvae and pupae). Most parasites developed from midges parasitised as mid-stage larvae. The time required for development from the egg stage to adult emergence ranged from 7 to 32 days for the parasite complex; most adults of the individual species emerged after 15-19 days, while the adult hosts emerged 15-18 days after oviposition. E. popa was most abundant during spring and early summer in both Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) and sorghum. T. diplosidis reached its highest density in late summer and autumn. The species of Tetrastichus near T. venustus was primarily a mid-season parasite, while densities of that near T. blastophagi were relatively high during spring and summer. The latter species showed a preference for C. sorghicola infesting Johnson grass, while the species of Tetrastichus near T. venustus and T. diplosidis preferred midges infesting sorghum. During the course of the season, 20.0 and 8.2% of midges were parasitised in Johnson grass and sorghum, respectively
Identification and Amino Acid Sequences of Tryptic Peptides of a Novel Ferredoxin-NADP+ Oxidoreductase from Rice

A 37-kDa protein purified from rice thylakoid membranes has been identified as a ferredoxin-NADP* oxidoreductase based on its catalysis of the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium via NADPH and its recognition by antibodies against ferredoxin-NADP* oxidoreductase. Amino acid sequences determined from tryptic fragments of the enzyme further confirm the identity of the protein and show the presence of unique sequences at the amino-terminus.
Dispersion mapping theorems

Abstract : A function of three variables is often regarded as inherently simpler than a function of five variables, and there has been much attention given to the nature of complicated functions that can be expressed exactly in various ways in terms of simpler functions. From the viewpoint of computation, however, it is sufficient if a function F can be approximated arbitrarily well by combinations of simple functions. This paper deals with the general structure of this process, and obtains specific theorems that help to describe its limitations, and necessary conditions on the functions F for which this is possible. More detailed applications will be made in the future.
Distributed image search in camera sensor networks

Recent advances in sensor networks permit the use of a large number of relatively inexpensive distributed computational nodes with camera sensors linked in a network and possibly linked to one or more central servers. We argue that the full potential of such a distributed system can be realized if it is designed as a distributed search engine where images from different sensors can be captured, stored, searched and queried. However, unlike traditional image search engines that are focused on resource-rich situations, the resource limitations of camera sensor networks in terms of energy, bandwidth, computational power, and memory capacity present significant challenges. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a distributed search system over a camera sensor network where each node is a search engine that senses, stores and searches information. Our work involves innovation at many levels including local storage, local search, and distributed search, all of which are designed to be efficient under the resource constraints of sensor networks. We present an implementation of the search engine on a network of iMote2 sensor nodes equipped with low-power cameras and extended flash storage. We evaluate our system for a dataset comprising book images, and demonstrate more than two orders of magnitude reduction in the amount of data communicated and up to 5x reduction in overall energy consumption over alternate techniques.
On the design of telemetry coils and implantable small antennas for a retinal prosthesis to restore partial vision to the blind

In this paper we summarize recent advances on the development of implantable coils and antennas for a retinal prosthesis to restore partial vision to the blind. Advantages and disadvantages of coils and small antennas are investigated as well as methods that have been successfully used for the design of prototypes of such systems.
The Effects of Oral Administration of Diethylstilbestrol and Dienstrol Diacetate on Growth Rate and Efficiency of Feed Utilization of Beltsville Small White Turkey Broilers

Abstract ORAL feeding and subcutaneous implantations of hormones or hormone-like compounds to chickens and turkeys have resulted in conflicting reports. Smith (1949) reported a growth depression or no growth effect when estrogens were administered to turkeys. Similar results were reported by Davidson et al. (1946) and Lane et al. (1951). In contrast to these reports, Lorenz (1944 Lorenz (1945) administered diethylstilbestrol to turkeys and chicks and reported an increased deposition of abdominal fat in turkeys and a marked increase in fat content of the muscle tissue of chickens. Almquist and Merritt (1952) also reported an improvement in gain and feed conversion in turkeys following diethylstilbestrol pellet implantation (15 mg. pellet). Thayer and Davis (1948) reported increased gain and fatness following estrogen treatment and Smyth and Vondell (1955) found an improvement in gain and finish but no improvement in feed conversion following diethylstilbestrol administration. In a comparison of the response of large and …
Fractal scaling of fractional diffusion processes

The fractal growth of fractional diffusion is analyzed from the viewpoint of the influence of fractional derivative order on scaling exponents. Fractional diffusion is considered here as deterministic with stochastic forcing, and with time and space fractional derivatives defined as the Caputo and Riesz-Feller forms, respectively. Fractal growth, as characterized by a dynamic scaling exponent, z, roughness, α and growth exponent, β, is model-dependent, and we show that the exponents are distinguished by the order of fractional derivatives and the form of stochastic process. Finally, scaling exponents for nonconservative (or uncorrelated) and correlated stochastic processes are found in the lowest-order linear fractional differential equations, and the prospect for construction of stochastic nonlinear fractional diffusion evolution equations is explored here. In application to signal processing, this amounts to modeling dynamic processes (signal evolution, image growth, surface and interface growth, structural growth, etc.) and their equivalence (or approximation) in fractional differencing models of discrete data.
EXPLORATORY STUDY OF VIDEO COLLECTION BROWSING BEHAVIOUR OF PATRONS IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY

Previous studies on browsing have mostly focused on print materials and websites. The presentresearch investigates the browsing behaviour of patrons when interacting with video collections. Using non-participant observation method, 22 patrons were observed browsing video collections in a large Midwestern university library over a period of three days with each observation lasting for an hour. To supplement some of the observations made, four of the observed participants were also interviewed. Observations show that when compared to previously reported findings on browsing behaviour of patrons with print materials and websites, the same browsing patterns seem to emerge when individuals interact with video collections. In addition, this study reveals that patrons frequently showed feelings of frustrations when it came to selecting a video. One possible reason could be the lack of information available to patrons for helping them in their decision making process. Further studies are, however, required to substantiate this claim.
Rofecoxib inhibits cyclooxygenase 2 expression and activity and reduces cell proliferation in Barrett's esophagus.

Abstract Background & Aims: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma and up-regulated by acid or bile salt exposure. COX-2 inhibition with the selective inhibitor rofecoxib may be important in chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma by decreasing cell proliferation. Methods: Biopsy specimens of esophagus, Barrett's esophagus, and duodenum were obtained at baseline from 12 patients and were compared with biopsy specimens obtained after 10 days of therapy with rofecoxib 25 mg orally daily. All patients were maintained asymptomatic on their proton pump inhibitor therapy throughout the study. COX-2 expression, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression (proliferation marker), and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) biopsy content (marker of COX activity) were assessed by immunoblotting and enzyme immunoabsorbence assays. Results: At baseline, COX-2 expression was 3-fold higher in Barrett's esophagus than esophagus and duodenum ( P P 2 content was 2-fold higher in Barrett's esophagus than esophagus or duodenum. After rofecoxib therapy, PGE 2 content decreased in Barrett's esophagus by 59% ( P P P Conclusions: Rofecoxib 25 mg orally once daily reduces COX-2 expression, PGE 2 release, and cell proliferation in Barrett's esophagus. Together with acid suppressive therapy, rofecoxib may be a promising chemoprevention agent against dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2002;123:60-67
Vaginal Septum in Adolescents: Clinical Implications

Vaginal Septum in Adolescents: Clinical Implications Vaginal septum anomalies may consist in either longitudinal or transverse fusion and canalization disorders. Longitudinal vaginal septums (Figure 1) are usually the result of an in complete fading of the divider between the fused Mullerian ducts at their distal ends. A complete obstructing hemi-vagina by a longitudinal vaginal septum may be associated with uterine abnormality and ipsilateral renal agenesis.
Mercury and the Moon.

In their Report “Low-altitude magnetic field measurements by MESSENGER reveal Mercury's ancient crustal field” (22 May, p. [892][1], published online 7 May), C. L. Johnson et al. provide convincing evidence for detection of ancient crustal magnetization on a fourth body in the solar system (
Th-Pb ion-microprobe dating of allanite

Allanite, which is a common accessory mineral in a wide variety of rock types, typically contains high concentrations of Th and U; thus, an in-situ method of U-Th-Pb dating of this phase would have broad application. We describe a method to permit Th-Pb ages of allanite to be determined with approximately ±10% accuracy using a high-resolution ion microprobe. Knowledge of the composition and substitution mechanisms of this complex mineral is key to understanding the relative ion-ization efficiencies of Th + and Pb + . The chemical compositions of three allanite samples used as age standards (Cima d’Asta Pluton, 275.5 ± 1.5 Ma; Atesina Volcanic Complex, 276.3 ± 2.2 Ma; La Posta Pluton, 94 ± 2 Ma) were determined using an electron microprobe, permitting an assessment of matrix effects on ionization. An ion-microprobe calibration curve involving elemental and oxide species of Th and Pb (i.e., 208 Pb*/Th + vs. ThO 2 + /Th + ) yields highly scattered apparent ages when allanite age standards with different Fe contents are used. However, a three-dimensional plot of 208 Pb*/Th + vs. ThO 2 + /Th + vs. FeO + /SiO + improves the accuracy of the calibration to about ±10%. Even though this level of uncertainty is substantially greater than that expected for U-Th-Pb ion-microprobe analyses of zircon or monazite, Th-Pb ages of allanite can still be used to address important geologic questions. We used this method to date two metamorphic allanite grains from the footwall of the Main Central Thrust, Nepal Himalaya, and an allanite grain from the Pacoima Canyon pegmatite, California. Allanite inclusions in garnet from Nepal yield significantly older ages than the coexisting monazite, indicating that allanite formation in these rocks records a previous metamorphic cycle that predates slip along the fault. The Pacoima Canyon allanite grain yields a younger age than that reported for zircon, implying Pb loss during cooling of the pegmatite.
An Exploratory Study of Individuals in Non-traditional, Alternative Relationships: How “Open” Are We?

An “open” relationship is a configuration in which there is a sexual agreement characterized by implicit or explicit rules for extra-dyadic sexual activities. The general population of those who identify as non-monogamous is largely understudied, as most research in this area focuses on homosexual males. There is also a stigma surrounding those who do not choose to engage in monogamous relationships. Research on open relationships is sparse, and there is a need to examine perceptions of those engaged in this configuration. Even more important is the need to understand the perceptions of those within this community, as gathering information from outsiders is largely biased. This exploratory study examined the perceptions of 122 individuals who have been in or were currently in an open relationship, with a majority indicating that the decision to enter this type of configuration was mutual (73 %). Results demonstrated permissive attitudes when it comes to behaviors that involve engaging with others, as most interactions are not considered cheating. There is also a focus on rules, which need to be followed. With a better understanding of why those in open relationships choose to conduct their love lives in such a manner, and their impressions of how to make their romantic arrangement successful, not only do we get a clearer picture of these relationships, but we promote tolerance for all those looking to experience love.
High-Performance Electrocatalysis Using Metallic Cobalt Pyrite (CoS2) Micro- and Nanostructures

The development of efficient and robust earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an ongoing challenge. We report metallic cobalt pyrite (cobalt disulfide, CoS2) as one such high-activity candidate material and demonstrate that its specific morphology—film, microwire, or nanowire, made available through controlled synthesis—plays a crucial role in determining its overall catalytic efficacy. The increase in effective electrode surface area that accompanies CoS2 micro- and nanostructuring substantially boosts its HER catalytic performance, with CoS2 nanowire electrodes achieving geometric current densities of −10 mA cm–2 at overpotentials as low as −145 mV vs the reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, micro- and nanostructuring of the CoS2 material has the synergistic effect of increasing its operational stability, cyclability, and maximum achievable rate of hydrogen generation by promoting the release of evolved gas bubbles from the electrode surface. The benefits of ca...
Oxygen Exchange in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ Thin-Film Heterostructures under Applied Electric Potential

In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to investigate oxygen surface exchange behavior in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ/Gd2O3-doped CeO2/Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (LSCF/GDC/YSZ) epitaxial thin-film h...
Exergy and anergy——Structure of dynamic energy flux in process of energy utilization

Energy utilization is essentially to utilize the dynamic energy flux arising from the non-equilibrium driving force between system and environment.The quantity of convertible energy is not dependent on the direction of the flux,so energy either originating from system or environment all can be partly converted.Accordingly a new(definition) of exergy is put forward,in which exergy is not regarded as a state parameter of system but a measure of the capacity of the combined system of the system and environment for doing work.The new concept of energy,(exergy) and anergy given,which is in strict accordance with the Second Law,overcomes difficulties and limitations of the one given by Rant Z.and is of important significance to improving the methods of exergy analysis and(promoting) development of thermodynamics of energy utilization.
The Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Disorders of Peripheral Nerves and Motor Neurons

Recent, exciting research in neurotrophic factors has significantly enhanced our understanding of their actions. Neurotrophic factors have been shown to have robust effects on neuronal survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo and have been tested in animal models of human neurologic disorders. These studies have encouraged initiation of clinical trials of several neurotrophic factors for diseases of peripheral nerves and motor neurons. In this article, the author reviews the data for the actions of neurotrophic factors on peripheral nerves and motor neurons, the rationale for their use in clinical trails. The results of clinical trials of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), three neurotrophic factors that have been tested in phase III studies, are also reviewed.
What Is Gender Essentialism

In this chapter I distinguish among different theories of gender essentialism and sketch out a taxonomy of gender essentialisms. I focus primarily on the difference between essentialism about a kind and essentialism about an individual. I propose that there is an interesting and useful form of gender essentialism that pertains to social individuals. And I argue that this form of gender essentialism, which I call uniessentialism, is not vulnerable to standard, feminist criticisms of gender essentialism.
The Utility of the C-MAC as a Direct Laryngoscope for Intubation in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background Although the C-MAC (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) is a video laryngoscope (VL), it can also be used as a direct laryngoscope (DL). Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of the C-MAC as a DL for intubations in the emergency department (ED). Methods This was an analysis of prospectively collected continuous quality-improvement data during the 6-year period from February 1, 2009 to January 31, 2015, when both the C-MAC and Macintosh DL (Mac DL) were clinically available in our ED. This analysis included adult patients who underwent rapid sequence intubation by an emergency medicine resident in the ED with a C-MAC initially used as a DL or a Mac DL. The primary outcome measure was the first pass success (FPS). Results When the C-MAC was used as a DL, the initial DL attempt was successful in 199 of 346 (57.6%) cases. When the attempt could not be completed using the C-MAC as a DL, the operator utilized the video monitor and successfully completed the intubation using VL in 104 of 134 (77.6%) cases, thus achieving an overall FPS of 303 of 346 (87.6%). When the Mac DL was used, the FPS was 505 of 671 (75.3%). Conclusions The C-MAC is a useful device for DL because in the event of a failed DL attempt, operators have the option of switching to the video monitor to successfully complete the intubation using VL without having to make a second attempt.
Teaching Scientific Communication Using Infographics

Undergraduate students need to develop the ability to communicate scientific ideas to both their peers and the public. Often senior level chemistry classes focus on written and sometimes oral communication methods, such as reports and presentations. These traditional methods of dissemination are valuable, but often inaccessible to non-scientists. Information graphics or infographics are examples of visual communication and have become increasingly common in recent years. In a senior-level inorganic chemistry course at George Mason University, students created information graphics or infographics to communicate a scientific idea of interest to them. This flexible project required students to think creatively about unfamiliar elements and concepts. The details of the assignment, its assessment, and the student products will be presented in this poster. Recommendations for changes and future implementation by other educators will be discussed.