cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nanocapillary Adhesion between Parallel Plates.

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study capillary adhesion from a nanometer scale liquid bridge between two parallel flat solid surfaces. The capillary force, Fcap, and the meniscus shape of the bridge are computed as the separation between the solid surfaces, h, is varied. Macroscopic theory predicts the meniscus shape and the contribution of liquid/vapor interfacial tension to Fcap quite accurately for separations as small as two or three molecular diameters (1–2 nm). However, the total capillary force differs in sign and magnitude from macroscopic theory for h ≲ 5 nm (8–10 diameters) because of molecular layering that is not included in macroscopic theory. For these small separations, the pressure tensor in the fluid becomes anisotropic. The components in the plane of the surface vary smoothly and are consistent with theory based on the macroscopic surface tension. Capillary adhesion is affected by only the perpendicular component, which has strong oscillations as the molecular layering changes.
The effects of experimental bait collection and trampling on a Mytilus californianus mussel bed in southern California

Rocky shores in southern California are heavily visited by humans. At sites used by recreational fishers, the effects of foot traffic combined with the collection of mussels for bait may reduce mussel cover and create mussel-free gaps. To test this hypothesis, the effects of trampling and bait-removal on mussel populations were experimentally examined. Plots in a mussel bed were subjected to monthly combinations of trampling (0, 150, or 300 steps) and simulated bait-removal (0 or 2 removed mussels). Although the experiment was done during a period of high natural disturbance associated with the 1997–1998 ENSO, plots receiving treatments experienced significantly greater reductions in mussel cover, mass, and density than controls. These results indicate that visitor foot traffic and bait-removal by fishers can significantly reduce mussel cover, density, biomass, and sizes.
SPF Review: Our Journey

Several years ago, we authored our first book, From Knowledge to Intelligence, Creating Competitive Advantage in the Next Economy. In that book, we first proposed a framework, captured in the term Strategic Protection Factor (SPF), accomplishing several things related to the knowledge management (KM) and competitive intelligence (CI) fields.
An empirical study of a social network site

This study explores what factors predict increased comments and favorites on Flickr.We take a content coding on the photos of Flickr and analogous photographer profile.Three social capital indicators present positive effects on comments and favorites.Two indicators of information self-disclosure are significantly predictive.Photo comments and photo favorites are positively correlated with one another. With theoretical bases in information self-disclosure and social capital, this study investigates what factors predict increased comments and favorites in a photography-related social network site. A content analysis of 558 photos on Flickr's Explore page, as well as the analogous photographer profile pages, resulted in a rich data set on photographic characteristics, as well as indicators of information self-disclosure and social capital. Regression analysis indicated that, when controlling for photographic characteristics and other independent variables, photo comments and photo favorites were positively correlated with one another, three social capital indicators were positively associated with the two dependent variables (i.e., photo comments and favorites), and indicators of information self-disclosure were positive predictors in two cases. These findings are considered in regards to theory on social capital and information self-disclosure and, more broadly, on how social network sites function.
Quality of Life Impairment in Anxiety Disorders

There is a growing consensus that practitioners must broaden the scope of assessment for anxiety disorders from signs and symptoms to include the measurement of quality of life (QOL) appraisals and social functioning. However, there is not a consensus about the definition of quality of life nor is there agreement about how to operationalize the construct of quality of life. Most measures of QOL assess an individual’s perceptions about social relationships, physical health, work and activity functioning, economic status, and an overall sense of well-being. Objective functional impairment can be quantified by measuring work productivity, mental health functioning, and physical health functioning. One of the challenges faced by the field is understanding the relationship between objective measures of functioning and subjective measures of QOL. In this chapter, we will present findings from epidemiologic studies and empirical research investigations on QOL and functional impairment in generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and generalized social phobia. We will discuss the findings, address strengths and weakness of the current research, and suggest future areas of focus to expand our knowledge and competencies including appropriating data from clinical populations in order to better understand and treat this growing population
Remarkably High Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Activity of Carbon-Nanotube-Supported Reduced Graphene Oxide

Enhancement of the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) activities of graphene materials toward redox-active molecules assumes a crucial role in numerous graphene-based electrochemical technologies. Here we discover that carbon-nanotube-supported reduced graphene oxide (rGO/CNT) exhibits unusually higher HET activities (including electrocatalytic performance toward dopamine, electron transfer kinetics with Ru(NH3)63+/2+ and Fe(CN)63–/4–, and direct electron transfer efficiencies with cytochrome c and horseradish peroxidase) than does CNT-free rGO with an identical electrochemical surface area and surface chemistry. Through examination of the electronic structure combined with Gerischer–Marcus calculations, the critical factors responsible for this anomalous enhancement of the HET activities in rGO/CNT are identified to be a high density of π electronic states, up-shifting of the Fermi level, and appearance of a pronounced quantum-capacitance-dominating character. These results indicate a general strategy...
Properties Processing of Gas From Tight Formations

Natural gas production from shale gas reservoirs is now proven to be feasible from numerous operations in various shale gas reservoirs in North America, but challenges remain in the processing of the gas. The amenability of the gas to be included in current gas-processing scenarios is an important issue. On the understanding that shale gas reservoirs will vary in properties such as origin, permeability, and porosity, differences in properties of the shale gas must be anticipated. Moreover, maximization or optimization of reservoir producibility can only be achieved by a thorough understanding of the occurrence and properties of the shale gas resources as well as the producibility of the gas from the reservoir. These needs demonstrate the importance of a thorough characterization of shale gas reservoir as well as an understanding of the means by which subterranean formations deform during geologic time as well as the effects of such deformation on the stresses within the formations.
Contemporary Approaches to Modulating the Nitric Oxide–cGMP Pathway in Cardiovascular Disease

Endothelial cells lining the vessel wall control important aspects of vascular homeostasis. In particular, the production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and activation of soluble guanylate cyclase promotes endothelial quiescence and governs vasomotor function and proportional remodeling of blood vessels. Here, we discuss novel approaches to improve endothelial nitric oxide generation and preserve its bioavailability. We also discuss therapeutic opportunities aimed at activation of soluble guanylate cyclase for multiple cardiovascular indications.
Movements and source–sink dynamics of a Masai giraffe metapopulation

Spatial variation in habitat quality and anthropogenic factors, as well as social structure, can lead to spatially structured populations of animals. Demographic approaches can be used to improve our understanding of the dynamics of spatially structured populations and help identify subpopulations critical for the long-term persistence of regional metapopulations. We provide a regional metapopulation analysis to inform conservation management for Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) in five subpopulations defined by land management designations. We used data from an individual-based mark–recapture study to estimate subpopulation sizes, subpopulation growth rates, and movement probabilities among subpopulations. We assessed the source–sink structure of the study population by calculating source–sink statistics, and we created a female-based matrix metapopulation model composed of all subpopulations to examine how variation in demographic components of survival, reproduction, and movement affected metapopulation growth rate. Movement data indicated no subpopulation was completely isolated, but movement probabilities varied among subpopulations. Source–sink statistics and net flow of individuals indicated three subpopulations were sources, while two subpopulations were sinks. We found areas with higher wildlife protection efforts and fewer anthropogenic impacts were sources, and less-protected areas were identified as sinks. Our results highlight the importance of identifying source–sink dynamics among subpopulations for effective conservation planning and emphasize how protected areas can play an important role in sustaining metapopulations.
All Linear Methods are Equal - and Extendible to Nonlinearities

SUMMARY Several linear methods of residual generation for fault detection and diagnosis are reviewed. The parity relation approach is introduced in some detail, for both additive and parametric faults. The Chow–Willsky scheme, various diagnostic observers and principal component analysis are compared to the additive version. The ‘local approach’ and the least-squares estimation of parameter changes are shown to be related to the parametric variant. Nonlinear extensions are demonstrated for all the techniques under additivefaults. Copyright # 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
34-1: Invited Paper: Can LCDs Outperform OLED Displays in Motion Picture Response Time?

A simple correlation between MPRT and LC response time, TFT frame rate, and duty ratio is established. At 120-Hz frame rate, if the LC’s response time is <2ms, then its MPRT would be comparable to OLED. To achieve CRT-like MPRT, we could increase the frame rate or decrease the duty ratio.
Abundance of milfoil weevil in Wisconsin lakes: Potential effects from herbicide control of Eurasian watermilfoil

ABSTRACTHavel JE, Knight SE, Miazga JR. 2017. Abundance of milfoil weevil in Wisconsin lakes: potential effects from herbicide control of Eurasian watermilfoil. Lake Reserve Manage. 00:1–10.Although extensive research has revealed the milfoil weevil (Euhrychiopsis lecontei) to have potential for biological control of Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM, Myriophyllum spicatum), herbicides are widely used for controlling this invasive aquatic plant. We hypothesized that density of the milfoil weevil would be lower in lakes with a history of treating EWM with herbicides than in untreated lakes. We surveyed 3 groups of lakes in the Northern Highland Lake District of Wisconsin to see if densities of the milfoil weevil and extent of weevil damage to milfoil depended on history of herbicide control in the lakes or on species of milfoil (EWM or northern watermilfoil, NWM, Myriophyllum sibiricum). We detected milfoil weevils in 28 of 36 lakes surveyed. Despite healthy EWM beds, mean weevil density in lakes that had herbici...
Connecting Theory and Methods in Adolescent Brain Research.

Networks are often implicated in theories of adolescent brain development, but they are not regularly examined in empirical studies. The aim of this article is to address this disconnect between theory and quantitative methodology, using the dual systems model of adolescent decision making as a prototype. After reviewing the key task-related connectivity methods that have been applied in the adolescent neuroimaging literature (seed-based correlations, psychophysiological interactions, and dynamic causal modeling), a novel connectivity method is introduced (extended unified structural equation modeling). The potential of this method for understanding adolescent brain development is showcased with a simulation study: It creates person-specific networks that have direct and time-lagged connections that can be modulated by behavior.
Effects of a Change in Expenditures for One Good on Expenditures of Other Goods

In the preceding two chapters, relationships for individual categories of consumption expenditures vis-a-vis one another have been investigated through a sequence of least-squares regression equations in which each of 14 categories of expenditure is regressed on the expenditures for the other 13. The resulting (14 × 14) matrix of “intra-budget” coefficients is then seen as representing an ex post summarization of relationships amongst separate categories of consumption that arise from a confrontation of tastes and preferences with income and prices. Not only are effects associated with income and prices reflected in these coefficients but also any “internal” influences that expenditures, independent of income and prices, may have on one another. In the conventional (i.e., neoclassical) theory of consumer behavior, interrelationships amongst goods are defined in terms of effects that depend upon the signs of cross-price elasticities. Goods are deemed to be substitutes with one another if the sign of the (income-compensated) cross elasticity is positive and complements if the sign is negative. Substitution and complementarity that might be associated with income are not part of the picture.
Constructing 4D infant cortical surface atlases based on dynamic developmental trajectories of the cortex.

Cortical surface atlases play an increasingly important role for analysis, visualization, and comparison of results across different neuroimaging studies. As the first two years of life is the most dynamic period of postnatal structural and functional development of the highly-folded cerebral cortex, longitudinal (4D) cortical surface atlases for the infant brains during this period is highly desired yet still lacking for early brain development studies. In this paper, we construct the first longitudinal (4D) cortical surface atlases for the dynamic developing infant cortical structures at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months of age, based on 202 serial MRI scans from 35 healthy infants. To ensure longitudinal consistency and unbiasedness of the 4D infant cortical surface atlases, we first compute the within-subject mean cortical folding geometries by groupwise registration of longitudinal surfaces of each infant. Then we establish intersubject cortical correspondences by groupwise registration of the within-subject mean cortical folding geometries of all infants. More importantly, for the first time, we further parcellate the 4D infant surface atlases into developmentally and functionally distinctive regions based solely on the dynamic developmental trajectories of the cortical thickness, by using the spectral clustering method. Specifically, to deal with the problem that each infant has different number of scans, we first compute the within-subject affinity matrix of vertices’ cortical thickness trajectories of each infant, and then we use the averaged affinity matrix of all infants for parcellation. Our constructed 4D infant cortical surface atlases with developmental trajectories based parcellation will greatly facilitate the surface-based analysis of dynamic brain development in infants.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Cases Cluster in Families.

Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious sequela of pulmonary embolism (PE) and occurs in about 3% of acute PE survivors. Common inherited thrombophilias, including the Factor V Leiden mutation, are not associated with increased risk of CTEPH, even though they increase the risk for VTE. Whether other inherited genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing CTEPH remains unknown. Familial clustering of a disease can indicate inherited genetic risk for that disease. In this study, the Utah Population Database (UPDB), a unique genealogy resource, was used to assess whether CTEPH cases cluster in families. Methods Prevalent CTEPH patients in Utah were identified and were then matched to control subjects. Using the UPDB, the Genealogical Index of Familiality (a statistical measure of relatedness of individuals with a given phenotype) was calculated. The UPDB was also used to calculate the relative risk of CTEPH and VTE in the family members of patients with CTEPH. Results This study found that Utah patients with CTEPH are significantly more related than would be expected by chance, with both close and distant relationships identified. We also found that the relative risk of VTE was significantly increased among first-degree relatives of CTEPH probands. Conclusions The study data suggest that heritable genetic factors influence an individual’s risk of developing CTEPH, providing the strongest evidence to date for a genetic contribution to CTEPH risk. Although our data suggest that these inherited genetic factors likely also increase the risk for VTE, they are likely to be distinct from the common inherited thrombophilias.
Progression and stop organization reveals conservation of movement organization during dark exploration across rats and mice

Abstract Spatial orientation is a ubiquitous feature of animal behavior. Environmental and self-movement cues are sources of information used to maintain spatial orientation. The literature has typically focused on differences between mice and rats using environmental cues to guide movement. The current study uses the organization of exploratory behavior under dark conditions to investigate species differences in self-movement cue processing. Mouse and rat exploratory behavior was recorded under dark conditions on a circular table without walls. The resulting movements were segmented in progressions (movement ≥ 3 cm/s) and stops (movement
Wear: A new dimension of food rheological behaviors as demonstrated on two cheese types

Abstract Determination of food rheological and tribological behaviors is imperative for understanding both processing behaviors and texture attributes. The objective of this study was to determine wear behavior of Cheddar and Monterey Jack cheeses. Wear measurements were performed at 50 mm/s sliding speed, 1N normal load, and 25 °C. Cheese linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties were also determined. Compared to Cheddar, Monterey Jack showed significantly greater small-strain storage and loss moduli values and lower extent of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. Lissajous plots agreed with these results. Overall, Monterey Jack had lower penetration depth increase and lower mass loss during wear testing than Cheddar. The results of this study provided fundamental information on cheese rheology–wear relationships.
Fusion and Supercharacters

In this chapter the idea of fusion of the character table of a group is pursued in more detail. First the question of which groups have the property that their character table is a fusion of that of an abelian group is addressed. It proved difficult to answer this question but many results can be obtained. There is given an explicit description of the finite groups whose character tables fuse from a cyclic group. Then there is given an account of how the idea of fusion was independently discovered and used in the context of upper triangular groups UTn(q) by Diaconis and Isaacs. Their motive was that whereas the character tables of UTn(q) are “wild” certain fusions are not and random walks on the groups can be discussed. The interesting result that a fusion of the character table gives rise to a Hopf algebra is presented. There is also given a construction of a fusion of the character table of UT4(q) by taking the class algebra of a loop constructed by an alternative multiplication on the elements on the elements of the group.
Abstract TP281: Transcriptome Analysis of the Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During and After Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Stress as a Tool to Identify Novel Targets

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes an important component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) by providing a physical and a chemical barrier critical for the brain homeostasis. The d...
Gene therapy in heart failure

Abstract Despite various therapeutic approaches heart failure remains one of the leading causes of death. Over the last decade we have acquired a greater knowledge of the pathophysiology of heart failure on a molecular level. In addition, tools for cardiac gene delivery have been developed. Therefore, the possibility of gene therapy for heart failure merits consideration at this time. We will first examine several targets that have been considered for therapeutic intervention and then review recent advances in cardiac gene delivery in animal models. Gene transfer represents not only a potential therapeutic modality but also provides an important tool to help validate specific targets. Several approaches, especially those targeting sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport, show promise in animal models of heart failure and in myopathic cardiomyocytes derived from patients. It remains a challenge to close the gap between these basic investigations and the clinical use of gene therapy in heart failure. Experiments in rodents will need to be extended to large-animal models to assess the efficacy and safety of vectors and delivery systems. Based on a growing understanding of heart failure pathogenesis and improvement in delivery systems, there is reason for cautious optimism for the future.
Breast Reduction in Adults: Identifying Risk Factors for Overall 30-Day Postoperative Complications

Background Breast reduction is a commonly performed procedure. Understanding the postoperative complication profile is important for preoperative planning and patient education. Objectives The authors sought to assess complication rates following breast reduction in females and identify potential risk factors. Methods We assessed the records of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participant use files that include patients who underwent breast reduction for macromastia between 2005 and 2016. Relevant patient and postoperative data were extracted, and factors affecting complications were analyzed utilizing the logistic regression model. Results We identified 20,001 women aged a mean 43.9 years who underwent breast reduction. The number of patients who developed ≥1 complication was 1009 (4.3%). Our adjusted analysis revealed that outpatient setting (odds ratio [OR] = 0.600) and performance of the surgery by the attending surgeon alone (OR = 0.678) were associated with lower odds, whereas higher body mass index (OR = 1.046) and smoking (OR = 1.518) were associated with higher odds for complications following breast reduction. Outpatient setting (OR = 0.317) was also associated with lower odds whereas smoking (OR = 1.613) and American Society of Anesthesiologists class were associated with higher odds of returning to the operative room. These findings were consistent in our subgroup analysis for wound-related complications. Conclusions Our study shows that patient characteristics such as smoking and body mass index may increase complication rates after breast reduction. Clinical factors such as inpatient setting may also increase risk of complications following breast reduction. It is critical to understand the effect of these factors to better predict postoperative outcomes and ensure thorough patient education.
Analyses of electronic health records utilization in a large community hospital.

Introduction The Electronic Health Record (EHR) has become an integral component of healthcare delivery. Survey based studies have estimated that physicians spend 4–6 hours of their workday devoted to EHR. Our study was designed to use computer software to objectively obtain time spent on EHR. Methods We recorded EHR time for 248 physiciansover 2 time intervals. EHR active use was defined as more than 15 keystrokes, or 3 mouse clicks, or 1700 "mouse miles" per minute. We recorded total time and % of work hours spent on EHR, and differences in those based on seniority. Physicians reported duty hours using a standardized toolkit. Results Physicians spent 3.8 (±2) hours on EHR daily, which accounted for 37% (±17%), 41% (±14%), and 45% (±12%) of their day for all clinicians, residents, and interns, respectively. With the progression of training, there was a reduction in EHR time (all p values <0.01). During the first academic quarter, clinicians spent 38% (± 8%) of time on chart review, 17% (± 7%) on orders, 28% (±11%) on documentation (i.e. writing notes) and 17% (±7%) on other activities (i.e. physician hand-off and medication reconciliation). This pattern remained unchanged during the fourth quarter. Conclusions Physicians spend close to 40% of their work day on EHR, with interns spending the most time. There is a significant reduction in time spent on EHR with training and greater experience, although the overall amount of time spent on EHR remained high.
Enamel thickness of maxillary canines evaluated with microcomputed tomography scans.

Introduction Enameloplasty of maxillary canines is often needed for aesthetic substitution in patients with congenitally missing lateral incisors. The exact enamel thicknesses for the various canine surfaces are unknown because previous studies failed to employ accurate measurement tools to report and compare detailed enamel thicknesses for each surface at various crown heights. Methods Thirty-two extracted maxillary canines were collected and scanned in a microcomputed tomography scanner. The scans were imported into a custom-written MATLAB software (version 9.2; MathWorks, Natick, Mass) and the enamel thickness on the mesial, distal, labial, fossa, cingulum, and incisal edge of each tooth was computed, obtaining the mean value from slices at 0.1 mm intervals. The overall mean enamel thickness for each surface was also calculated, and these values were compared using paired t tests. Incisal wear stage and incisal enamel thickness that was measured were compared using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results The mean enamel thickness was significantly thinner at the gingival level when compared with the incisal for all surfaces that were analyzed (1-tailed, P Conclusions The enamel coverage of the maxillary canine varies depending on the tooth surface and the incisogingival measurement location.
Invasores Lingüísticos, Vulgaridades y Neologismos Insalubres en la Prensa del México Porfiriano

espanolEste articulo explora una muestra del clima discursivo en torno al conservadurismo en el Mexico porfiriano. Se analizan las estrategias que se activaban para poder destacar la carga politica del lenguaje, de los diccionarios y, en particular, de los neologismos. Ironicamente, los conservadores del porfiriato emplearon el lenguaje cientifico (asociado tradicionalmente con el pensamiento liberal) para posicionarse mejor en una disputa cultural. Por ultimo, tambien hago referencia al pensamiento de Emile Durkheim para plantear que el conservadurismo porfiriano sacralizar el orden social existente. EnglishThis article explores a small sampling of the broader discursive climate surrounding conservativism in Porfirian Mexico. I analyze conservative strategies to politically valence language, dictionaries, and especially neologisms. Ironically, Porfirian conservatives consistently activated the language of science –traditionally deemed the remit of liberalism– to gain a foothold in their ongoing cultural war. Finally, I also allude the thought of Emile Durkheim so as to show that Porfirian conservativism ultimately aimed to sacralize the prevailing social order.
Traumatic and Degenerative Hypothalamic Diseases

The hypothalamus, with its important homeostatic properties, can be associated with significant deleterious consequences when it is impacted either by traumatic brain injury, vascular insult, or neurodegenerative disease. Lesions affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, following traumatic brain injury, can result in hypopituitarism with isolated growth hormone deficiency as the most common manifestation. Cranial irradiation for neoplasms can have cumulative effects, over time, particularly related to hormone secretion of the anterior pituitary. Radiation-induced hormonal deficiencies tend to be progressive and irreversible. Neurodegenerative processes tend to impact hypothalamic function in a number of ways. Age-related microglial dysfunction is an increasingly recognized mechanism which can adversely affect the feedback loops between endocrine glands and the hypothalamus. Such disruption tends to correlate with cognitive decline and other manifestations of neurodegeneration.
Negative Impacts Of Abortion Criminalization In Brazil: Systematic Denial Of Women's Reproductive Autonomy And Human Rights

The magnitude of unsafe abortion in Brazil is a result of the country's restrictive abortion laws. Research shows a direct relation between legal restrictions on abortion and high rates of unsafe abortion. 1 In Brazil, abortion law is very restrictive despite existing progressive policies and legislation on sexual and reproductive rights. According to the 1940 Penal Code, abortion is permitted only in cases of rape or to save the life of a pregnant woman. The current trend to intensify discriminatory application of abortion criminal law by public security and judicial state authorities has been detrimental to a woman's full enjoyment of her right to health and rights related to reproductive self-determination, such as the rights to privacy, liberty and security of the person, equality, and freedom from discrimination in health care. This article will focus on the negative effects of abortion criminalization and how it affects women's reproductive rights through an analysis of three key aspects: the major impact of unsafe abortion mortality and morbidity on public health; the lack of women's access to safe and legal abortion care in cases permitted by law; and the role of the judicial system in prosecuting women, therefore increasing abortion stigma as well as violating basic human rights principles and norms. This article aims to explore the discriminatory effects of abortion law in Brazil using the case of Mato Grosso do SuI as an example.
Point-of-care Ultrasound for Suspected Pectoralis Major Rupture: A Case Report.

Author(s): Franks, Nathanael; Gress, Jeremiah; Joseph, Ryan | Abstract: Introduction: Pectoralis major muscle injuries are relatively uncommon and occur secondary to weightlifting in nearly 50% of cases. Tendon tears occur almost exclusively in males between 20-40 years oldnand are heavily associated with anabolic androgenic steroid use. While magnetic resonance imaging is often considered the modality of choice, its availability is often limited in the emergency department (ED). In contrast, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is commonly available in the ED and can be used to help confirm the diagnosis and hasten disposition. Case Report: We report a case of a 28-year-old male competitive weightlifter with a history of chronic anabolic steroid use who presented to the ED with acute left shoulder pain after weightlifting. History and physical exam were concerning for pectoralis major rupture, and POCUS confirmed the diagnosis.Conclusion: Prompt evaluation and radiographic confirmation is key in ensuring good patient outcomes in pectoralis major tears. Therefore, proficiency of emergency physicians in musculoskeletal POCUS as an adjunct to estimate the extent of injury is important for expediting disposition and and promptly involving orthopedic surgery evaluation.
Female dermatology journal editors accepting pharmaceutical payments: An analysis of the Open Payments database, 2013 to 2018.

Background Pharmaceutical payments may affect the interpretation of clinical research and prescribing patterns of physicians. Additionally, they may reflect gender disparities in academic dermatology with regard to social recognition and opportunities for career advancement. Objective We examined relationships with industry among male and female journal editors who accepted pharmaceutical payments in leading dermatology journals. Methods We assessed the seven US journals among the leading 20 dermatology journals as determined by impact factor and gathered data via the CMS Open Payments dataset. Results In a cross-sectional study of 329 editors eligible to appear in the Open Payments website, we found that 218 (66.3%) received industry payments totaling $21,952,402. The mean and median dollar value of payments per editor was $100,699 and $3,638 (interquartile range, $364-$57,108). Food and beverage payments accounted for 63.0% of the $28,992 total payments, and the associated dollar value was $887,617 (4.04%). Gender disparities in corporate payments were observed in other contexts, but we did not find a similar relationship among leading dermatology journals. Conclusion Our work highlights that pharmaceutical payments exist among dermatology editors, providing a rationale for future research to address whether editor bias related to pharmaceutical payments exists and more granular studies on the role of gender with regard to navigating such payments.
DUPLICITY IN REGULATION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN KENYA

Purpose: The objective of the study was to investigate the duplicity in regulation and performance of the financial sector in Kenya. The specific objectives were; to review and identify regulation duplication/competition in existing regulatory framework for the financial sector in Kenya; to describe how regulatory effectiveness has been measured in empirical literature; to assess whether the current regulatory structure has affected the performance of the financial sector in Kenya and lastly to suggest potential ways of enhancing regulatory effectiveness in Kenya. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that financial sector in Kenya and other developing economies have reported losses on a large scale due to under regulation and regulator duplicity. Some of these have become insolvent, or have had to be taken over or rescued by their governments. A single market regulator clearly has its own advantages over multiple regulators. But it is more suitable for well-developed and mature markets which are smaller in size, like the UK. The study also found out that Kenya’s economy and political arena are not mature enough to handle a single financial market regulator. In this light it can be asserted that even mature economies such as the United States still have multiple regulators. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Adherence to principles of open government, including transparency and participation in the regulatory process to ensure that regulation serves the public interest and is informed by the legitimate needs of those interested in and affected by regulation. Governments should ensure that regulations are comprehensible and clear and that parties can easily understand their rights and obligations. Organizations should create personalized technology systems that create a demand adaptation of ICT at every level of the organizational operations
A Physics-informed Neural Network for Wind Turbine Main Bearing Fatigue

Unexpected main bearing failure on a wind turbine causes unwanted maintenance and increased operation costs (mainly due to crane, parts, labor, and production loss). Unfortunately, historical data indicates that failure can happen far earlier than the component design lives. Root cause analysis investigations have pointed to problems inherent from manufacturing as the major contributor, as well as issues related to event loads (e.g., startups, shutdowns, and emergency stops), extreme environmental conditions, and maintenance practices, among others. Altogether, the multiple failure modes and contributors make modeling the remaining useful life of main bearings a very daunting task. In this paper, we present anovel physics-informed neural network modeling approach for main bearing fatigue. The proposed approach is fully hybrid and designed to merge physics-informed and data-driven layers within deep neural networks. The result is a cumulative damage model where the physics-informed layers are used model the relatively well-understood physics (L10 fatigue life) and the data-driven layers account for the hard to model components (i.e., grease degradation).
Televising Justice During War

Television is an overlooked tool of state building. We estimate the impact of televising criminal proceedings on public use of government courts to resolve disputes. We draw on survey data from Afghanistan, where the government used television as a mechanism for enhancing the legitimacy of formal legal institutions during an ongoing conflict. We find consistent evidence of court ‘uptake’ among survey respondents who trust television following the nation’s first televised criminal trial. We find no evidence that public confidence in other government functions (e.g. economy, development, corruption) improved during this period . Our findings suggest that television may provide a means of building state legitimacy during war.
Detection of Transient Instabilities in Multi-Agent Systems and Swarms

In this paper, we introduce the novel concept of transient instabilities in multi-agent systems and swarms, i.e., a small disturbance leads to increasing-amplitude oscillations throughout the swarm, which results in a large number of interagent collisions. This instability is dominant in the transient phase of the system and it does not appear in the steady-state behavior of the system, as each agent uses Lyapunov-stable feedback control laws. We present a rigorous definition of transient instability in swarms, and discuss its key properties. We also present a sufficient condition to check if a swarm will be transient stable. Using both theoretical techniques and numerical results, we show that a simple Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) feedback-tracking control law is not suitable for these applications. We also present a robust control law for Euler-Lagrangian systems that maintains transient stability across static swarms or time-varying reconfiguration in swarms. Both theoretical results and numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Integrating Behavior Support into a Reading Intervention for Fourth-Grade Students with Reading Difficulties and Inattention

Students with co-occurring reading difficulties and inattention tend to respond to reading interventions less favorably than those with reading difficulties without inattention. However, there is limited research on how to increase student engagement during reading instruction for these students. To support the engagement of students with co-occurring reading difficulties and inattention during reading instruction, the present study embedded antecedent- and consequence-based behavioral supports into an evidence-based reading curriculum to answer the following research question: What are the effects of integrating behavior supports into a reading intervention on student engagement relative to a reading intervention without behavior supports for fourth-grade students with co-occurring reading difficulties and inattention? The study used an ABAB withdrawal design. Study effects were evaluated by the What Works Clearinghouse visual analysis indicators and nonoverlapping data effect sizes. Results suggested the presence of a functional relation and large effect sizes for two of the three students in the study. Social validity data indicated that intervention was important and acceptable. Study findings suggest that embedding behavior supports into an evidence-based reading curriculum during small group reading instruction can be a feasible method for schools to address student engagement during reading instruction.
Mechanisms of activation of sperm and egg during fertilization of sea urchin gametes.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fertilization of the sea urchin egg. The metabolic and morphological changes of sea urchin gametes during fertilization are the best characterized of all embryos. In organization, this chapter explains the activation of both gametes, first considering the activation of the sperm upon its contact with egg jelly and the resultant cascade of the events leading to sperm–egg attachment and sperm–egg fusion. It then examines the consequences of sperm fusion with the egg that leads: (1) to the responses, excluding other sperm from fusing with the egg and (2) to the responses that result in the activation of embryonic development. The chapter describes the important roles played by intracellular calcium and cytoplasmic pH in turning on the cell metabolism. In sperm plasma membrane, the receptors interact with some component of the egg jelly or egg surface. This leads to increased Ca2+ content, the induction of membrane fusion, and the acrosomal exocytosis. At the same time, there is an acid efflux, polymerization of internal actin, and exposure of sperm lysins and sperm bindins that are attached to the newly formed membrane of the acrosomal process.
The Microsoft .NET Platform

This chapter contains sections titled: Platform Overview Support for Distributed Process Platform Requirements Distributed Data Platform Requirements Summary Glossary References Exercises ]]>
Unmixing mix traffic

We apply blind source separation techniques from statistical signal processing to separate the traffic in a mix network. Our experiments show that this attack is effective and scalable. By combining the flow separation method and frequency spectrum matching method, a passive attacker can get the traffic map of the mix network. We use a non-trivial network to show that the combined attack works. The experiments also show that multicast traffic can be dangerous for anonymity networks.
Finding the Right Words: An Analysis of Not-Translated Words in Machine Translation

A not-translated word (NTW) is a token which a machine translation (MT) system is unable to translate, leaving it untranslated in the output. The number of not-translated words in a document is used as one measure in the evaluation of MT systems. Many MT developers agree that in order to reduce the number of NTWs in their systems, designers must increase the size or coverage of the lexicon to include these untranslated tokens, so that the system can handle them in future processing. While we accept this method for enhancing MT capabilities, in assessing the nature of NTWs in real-world documents, we found surprising results. Our study looked at the NTW output from two commercially available MT systems (Systran and Globalink) and found that lexical coverage played a relatively small role in the words marked as not translated. In fact, 45% of the tokens in the list failed to translate for reasons other than that they were valid source language words not included in the MT lexicon. For instance, e-mail addresses, words already in the target language and acronyms were marked as not-translated words. This paper presents our analysis of NTWs and uses these results to argue that in addition to lexicon enhancement, MT systems could benefit from more sophisticated pre- and post-processing of real-world documents in order to weed out such NTWs.
Efficient Communication Mechanisms for Cluster Based Parallel Computing

The key to crafting an effective scalable parallel computing system lies in minimizing the delays imposed by the system. Of particular importance are communications delays, since parallel algorithms must communicate frequently. The communication delay is a system-imposed latency. The existence of relatively inexpensive high performance workstations and emerging high performance interconnect options provide compelling economic motivation to investigate NOW/COW (network/cluster of workstation) architectures. However, these commercial components have been designed for generality. Cluster nodes are connected by longer physical wire paths than found in special-purpose supercomputer systems. Both effects tend to impose intractable latencies on communication. Even larger system-imposed delays result from the overhead of sending and receiving messages. This overhead can come in several forms, including CPU occupancy by protocol and device code as well as interference with CPU access to various levels of the memory hierarchy. Access contention becomes even more onerous when the nodes in the system are themselves symmetric multiprocessors. Additional delays are incurred if the communication mechanism requires processes to run concurrently in order to communicate with acceptable efficiency. This paper presents the approach taken by the Utah Avalanche project which spans user level code, operating system support, and network interface hardware. The result minimizes the constraining effects of latency, overhead, and loosely coupled scheduling that are common characteristics in NOW-based architectures.
Writing Audit Programs For Tests of Controls: A Practice-Based Pedagogical Approach

This paper offers a unique approach to presenting internal control within the classroom, culminating with a lasting framework for writing audit programs for the study and evaluation of internal controls for the external audit. A methodology is suggested to learn and understand internal controls in a visual, interactive environment that enables students to see the control in the flow of the transaction. The approach is structured across two stages: (I) understanding accounting systems and internal controls, and (II) designing audit programs for tests of controls. Stage I incorporates three steps: (1) obtain an understanding, (2) identify cycle key controls, and (3) design tests of controls. Once the students have an understanding of the cycle and controls, Stage II allows students to write audit programs for tests of control using a dual classification of tests – directional and document.