cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN EQUATION OF STATE FOR SILICATE MELTS. I. FORMULATION OF A GENERAL MODEL

A simple, empirical, volume-explicit equation of state (EOS) is developed for use in describing the volumetric properties of materials that exhibit large thermal expansivities and strongly non-linear, pressure-dependent compressibilities. Existing and commonly used EOS expressions, like the Universal and Birch-Murnaghan equations, develop singularities at critical values of temperature and pressure that prevent the calculation of derived thermodynamic properties for this class of substances. The proposed EOS reduces to a simple polynomial form at low-pressure; this form is utilized in the literature to describe the properties of silicate melts at 105 Pa. At high-pressures, the proposed EOS can be parameterized to yield a finite, non-zero volume limit, unlike other formulations. Thermodynamic properties can be calculated using the proposed EOS without the need for iterative solutions and all derivative and integral representations of the equation are analytic. A detailed example is developed demonstrating how the proposed EOS can be utilized in modeling the Gibbs free energy of amorphous silica at elevated temperature and pressure. The thermodynamic model described in the example accounts for vibrational contributions to the energy of the system as well as configurational effects arising from increases in the coordination number of Si with temperature and pressure. Vibrational contributions are modeled at elevated pressure by the proposed EOS. Configurational contributions are described by a simple associated solution model for the entropy of mixing. Parameters are calibrated from molecular dynamical simulations of the configurational and volumetric properties of amorphous silica. The calibration is used to calculate the phase diagram of silica to 3000 K and 15 GPa, which compares quite favorably with experimental data on melting.
2 nd order ABC for inhomogeneous medium in vector finite element method

In this work, we extend ABC into second order in consideration of inhomogeneous medium. The detailed procedure to obtain the second order ABC is described in this paper. Transparent conditions are first established by treating the material properties as functions of position, and the second order ABC is derived from the transparent condition.
Reading Engagement in Science: Elementary Students' Read-Aloud Experiences.

This study examines student reading engagement with children’s science books in elementary classrooms. Reading engagement in science is conceived in terms of a Transmission—Transaction continuum. When centered on transmission, science reading entails passive reception of a textually encoded scientific message. By contrast, when science reading is transaction-centered, teachers and students actively engage in the negotiation of scientific meanings that transcend the text itself. Examination of reading engagement relied on a discourse-centered method whose analytical goal was to uncover and better understand meaning-making around textual artifacts. More specifically, it took the form of a discourse analysis across three science read-alouds. While meaning-making in one aloud reading was predominantly centered on transmission, the other two read-alouds were characterized by increasing levels of transaction. Further, adoption of transmissive or transactional strategies was consistent with how teachers perceived reading in the context of science instruction. This study underscores the multiplicity of ways that reading can be conceived by science teachers and approached in elementary classroom settings. It is suggested that a more sophisticated understanding of how to systematically engage young students with science texts can help elementary teachers effectively integrate reading with science instruction, meet literacy requirements of current science education policies, and recognize that science reading transcends passive reception of facts.
What is a Cause and How Do We Know One? A Grammar for Pragmatic Epidemiology

In this paper, criteria used by many epidemiologists as aids in causal inference are reviewed and revised. The revised scheme emphasizes the distinction between essential properties of a cause and criteria useful for deciding on the presence of these properties in a given case. A systematic procedure for causal inference tests each essential causal property in turn against appropriate criteria. For a pragmatic epidemiology in which all determinants serve as causes, their essential properties are held to be association, time order, and direction, in an ascending hierarchy. Criteria for association are probabilistic and can be enhanced by strength and consistency. Given association, criteria for time order of the relevant variables follow from access to observation, which is dependent on design. Given association and time order, causal direction (or consequential change) calls on an array of criteria, namely, consistency and survivability, strength, specificity in cause and in effect, predictive performance, and coherence in all its forms (e.g., theoretical, factual, biologic, and statistical). The evolution of such criteria is traced through the epidemiologic literature in the light of historical context. Although Popper's philosophy cannot directly serve an inherently inductive judgmental process, his notion of survivability has here been added, alongside replicability, as a subclass of consistency. This criterion is proposed to bridge the gap between the particularity of designs and the generality required of causal relations. Designs are ordered and described in the framework of testing survivability. Finally, definitions are offered for the list of criteria deployed.
Effectiveness of early treatment of Class II malocclusion

The purpose of this study was to examine and report the effectiveness of early treatment with the headgear/biteplate and the bionator in patients with Class II malocclusion regardless of the mechanism of correction and to compare early-treatment results with changes over a similar time period in an observation group. The role of factors such as compliance was examined to determine their contribution to effective treatment. The experimental design was a prospective, longitudinal, randomized controlled trial. At the end of the early-treatment period, all 3 groups differed significantly (overall, P = .001) in percentage of treatment goal achieved, with median values of 83% for the bionator group, 100% for the headgear group, and 14% for the observation group. In both treated and observation subjects, the percentages of goal achieved varied by initial molar class severity (treated, P =.0205; observation, P = .0040) and race (treated, P = .0314; observation, P = .0416). Significant correlations in the treated subjects were identified between percentage of goal achieved and bone age (13 bones) (r = 0.16; P = .037), bone age (20 bones) (r = 0.16; P = .043), compliance (r = 0.26; P = .0005), and initial overjet (r = -0.26; P = .0095). Significant correlations were not detected in the observation group. Sex, treatment group, age, mandibular plane angle, pretreatment, and retention did not significantly affect percentage of goal achieved among the treated and the observation subjects. Correlation between normalized compliance scores and percentage of goal achieved was high for both bionator (r = 0.50) and headgear subjects (r = 0.49) at the end of treatment. Multivariate analysis suggested that headgear may be superior to bionator/biteplane in achieving a Class II correction during early treatment.
Orthologs of the small RPB8 subunit of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases are conserved in hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota and "Korarchaeota"

Abstract Although most of the key components of the transcription apparatus, and in particular, RNA polymerase (RNAP) subunits, are conserved between archaea and eukaryotes, no archaeal homologs of the small RPB8 subunit of eukaryotic RNAP have been detected. We report that orthologs of RPB8 are encoded in all sequenced genomes of hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota and a recently sequenced "korarchaeal" genome, but not in Euryarchaeota or the mesophilic crenarchaeon Cenarchaeum symbiosum. These findings suggest that all 12 core subunits of eukaryotic RNAPs were already present in the last common ancestor of the extant archaea.
The central projections of tooth pulp afferent neurons in the rat as determined by the transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase

Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin conjugate (HRP-WGA) was used to map in detail the central projections of trigeminal primary afferent neurons that innervate the dental pulp organ of the rat. In each of ten animals, 0.5-2.0 microliters of enzyme solution was injected into the pulp chamber of the first maxillary molar tooth. Postmortem examination of the decalcified teeth in all cases showed that the HRP/HRP-WGA remained confined to the pulp chamber and pulp roots, with no spread of enzyme into periapical tissues. HRP-labeled tooth pulp afferent fibers projected to all four rostrocaudal subdivisions of the ipsilateral trigeminal brainstem nuclear complex (TBNC) and to the upper cervical spinal cord. The labeled terminal fields formed a column that stretched relatively uninterrupted from just caudal to the rostromedial tip of the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus to at least the C2 segment of the spinal cord. The density of the afferent projection varied markedly from one rostrocaudal level of the TBNC to the next but was heaviest in an area encompassing the caudal one-half of the principal sensory nucleus and the rostral two-thirds of pars oralis. Fibers projected only lightly to pars caudalis, where they terminated preferentially in laminae I, IIa, and the junctional zone between laminae IV and V. HRP-labeled terminals in C1 and C2 were located almost exclusively in laminae I. In the dorsoventral axis, the terminal fields in the TBNC were located in a surprisingly dorsal part of the complex, well within what has been shown by others to be largely an area of termination for mandibular division fibers. Most fibers ended in medial parts of the TBNC, with the exception of two modestly labeled terminal fields located in the lateral aspects of rostral pars oralis and rostral pars caudalis. No labeled fibers terminated in the contralateral TBNC or contralateral cervical spinal cord.
Game Theory and Water Resources: Critical review of its Contributions, Progress and Remaining Challenges

Game Theory and Water Resources: Critical Review of its Contributions, Progress and Remaining Challenges
Tetracycline Fluorescence in Bone Lesions

Tetracycline, administered intravenously, in divided doses of fifteen milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day for three or more days before operation, is deposited in bone lesions in such concentration that the malignant tissue will exhibit brilliant-yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet light in the operating room. This fluorescence can, therefore, be used in the detection and location of malignant tissue. Rapidly growing bone also concentrates the tetracycline, but to a lesser degree. In the malignant lesions that were studied in this series, the concentration of tetracycline was approximately six-fold greater than that in normal new bone. After the tetracycline is in the bone it maintains its fluorescence and bacteriostatic activity up to six months in specimens kept at - 10 degrees centigrade. Tetracycline combined with radioactive iodine (I-131) may prove to be of diagnostic and therapeutic value for neoplasms, especially malignant conditions of bone.
The Effect of Inlet Temperature and Pressure on an Industrial Turbine Engine Exhaust Emission

The effect of variation of inlet temperature and pressure on exhaust emissions from an industrial gas turbine was determined experimentally. Testing was done in a controlled environment test cell. In addition to temperature and pressure, the influence of two fuels, JP-5 and DF-2, was evaluated. A data matrix of 81 engine operating points was obtained, from which emissions were correlated with engine inlet conditions using regression analysis techniques. The data are analyzed to show how these inlet variables affect compliance with the EPA exhaust emission standards for aircraft and stationary turbine engines.Copyright © 1975 by ASME
TAILORED CIRCULATORY INTERVENTION IN ADULTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION DUE TO CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Adult congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) often have residual shunts. Interventions aim to optimize pulmonary flow and prevent right ventricular (RV) failure. However, eligibility for procedures depends on adaptation potential of pulmonary vasculature and right
Diagnostic Hard-tube Endoscopic’s Brochures Note Analysis

Medical endoscope is one of medical electrical equipment application part that inserted into the body providing inside observation or image for detection, diagnosis and (or) in the treatment, It concludes soft endoscopy and rigid endoscope. Hard-tube endoscopy in the operation can not be bent, is mainly used for superficial natural open-mouth Road and puncture lesion to diagnosis and (or) treatment, such as cystoscopy, hysteroscopy. This article aims to analysis notes of diagnostic hard-pipe endoscopy's brochures.
International Trade and the Firm

Rapid post-war increases in international trade, major policy events such as the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations, and the proliferation of regional trade agreements [for example, the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Single European Market (SEM)] have produced considerable discussion and debate on international trade, on economic integration, and on an avalanche of theoretical and empirical research. Empirical research has focused upon assessing the likely impacts of these recent international changes on signatory countries, in general, and on the most likely affected industries, in particular.
Supremo Tribunal Federal: ativismo ou self-restraint na efetivação de direitos sociais? / Brazilian Supreme Court on social rights enforcement: judicial activism or self restraint?

Trabalho enviado em 17 de maio de 2016. Aceito em 24 de julho de 2016. DOI: 10.12957/rqi.2017.22847 Resumo O objetivo da presente pesquisa e apresentar diferentes situacoes de intervencao judicial nas politicas publicas no âmbito do Supremo Tribunal Federal, especialmente no que diz respeito a satisfacao de direitos sociais. A partir de revisao documental e jurisprudencial, empreendeu-se uma analise quanti-qualitativa, considerando 45 acordaos que tinham por objeto a satisfacao de direitos sociais, divididos em dois grupos, istinguindo as hipoteses de tutela individual e coletiva desses direitos. Em cada amostragem, apontamos os argumentos que justificam as orientacoes fixadas pelo STF, identificando na jurisprudencia da Corte as situacoes em que predominam o ativismo ou a autocontencao judicial. A analise qualitativa das razoes de decidir permitiu deduzir, ainda, uma possivel tendencia jurisprudencial futura, consubstanciada na via da cooperacao institucional. Palavras-chave: Supremo Tribunal Federal; Direitos Sociais; Ativismo Judicial; Judicializacao; Politicas Publicas. Abstract This paper presents different scenarios of judicial intervention by the Brazilian Supreme Court on public policies, specially regarding to social and economic rights. The research has examined 45 decisions involving social rights, which were divided into two categories, distinguishing individual and collective claims. In each sampling, by pointing out the Court’s arguments on that matter, we tried to identify the existence, if any, of a predominant doctrine in the Court’s jurisprudence, such as the judicial activism or the self-restraint doctrine, or even a possible new trend on the so called “institutional dialogue theory”. Keywords: Brazilian Supreme Court; Social Rights; Judicial Activism; Judicial Self-Restraint; Public Policies.
Reversing the Paradigm: Protein Kinase C as a Tumor Suppressor

The discovery in the 1980s that protein kinase C (PKC) is a receptor for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters fueled the dogma that PKC is an oncoprotein. Yet 30+ years of clinical trials for cancer using PKC inhibitors not only failed, but in some instances worsened patient outcome. The recent analysis of cancer-associated mutations, from diverse cancers and throughout the PKC family, revealed that PKC isozymes are generally inactivated in cancer, supporting a tumor suppressive function. In keeping with a bona fide tumor suppressive role, germline causal loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in one isozyme have recently been identified in lymphoproliferative disorders. Thus, strategies in cancer treatment should focus on restoring rather than inhibiting PKC.
Daily autonomy supporting or thwarting and students’ motivation and engagement in the high school science classroom.

This diary study provided the first classroom-based empirical test of the relations between student perceptions of high school science teachers’ various autonomy supporting and thwarting practices and students’ motivation and engagement on a daily basis over the course of an instructional unit. Perceived autonomy supporting practices were hypothesized to predict autonomous motivation and engagement outcomes, while perceived autonomy thwarting practices were hypothesized to predict controlled motivation and disaffection outcomes. In line with this prediction, multilevel modeling results based on regular reports of 208 high school students in 41 science classes across 6 weeks suggested that 4 perceived daily supports (choice provision, consideration for student preferences and interests, rationales for importance, and question opportunities) and 1 daily thwart (use of uninteresting activities) predicted changes in daily autonomous motivation and engagement. In contrast, changes in students’ daily controlled motivation and disaffection were predicted primarily by 3 perceived daily thwarts (controlling messages, suppression of student perspectives, and use of uninteresting activities). Results also suggested that practices interacted such that the perception of thwarts generally bolstered desirable daily relationships between perceived supports and students’ motivation and the perception of supports generally mitigated undesirable daily relationships between thwarts and motivation. Supplemental exploratory results suggested that the effects of choice and suppression of student perspectives may be heterogeneous and depend on the outcome and/or the presence of other practices. Implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
FROM DNA REPLICATION TO GENOME INSTABILITY IN SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE: PATHWAYS TO CANCER

The genetic integrity of cells depends on the complete, accurate replication of each genome cell cycle. Cells are particularly susceptible to genetic changes during the DNA synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle, because only one complete copy of the DNA template exists, and potentially damaging breaks and unwinding occur as part of the replication process. Genome instability may result in deletion or amplification of genetic information within a chromosome, translocation of part of a chromosome to another chromosome, or gain or loss of whole chromosomes. These changes, in turn, can have important consequences for chromatin structure and gene expression. In wild-type cells, DNA replication is tightly regulated and involves multiple mechanisms that prevent amplification or loss of genetic information. In addition, internal controls such as checkpoints delay or arrest replication if active replication forks are blocked. Cancer cells, in contrast, are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and chromosome instability. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe provides an outstanding model for studies of replication and chromosome dynamics, with replication origins and centromeres that are similar to those of metazoans [46, 205]. This review will focus on DNA replication in S. pombe and its role in maintenance of genome integrity. We will consider the choice and
Characterizing Strong Parapolar Spaces by the Relation Between Points and Certain Maximal Singular Subspaces

The following hypothesis is investigated. A parapolar space _ has a class M of maximal singular subspaces of finite projective rank, covering all lines, and having the property that, for any non-incident pair (x, M) ∈ (P,M), x⊥ ∩ M is empty or is a PG(d) for a fixed positive integer dPolar spaces have this property and if d > 2, that is the only possibility. Otherwise. If d > 2, _ is a polar space, and if d = 2, _ is a homomorphic image of a half-spin geometry. But when d = 1, _ is a Grassmannian of k-spaces of a possibly infinite-dimensional vector space, or is a space in which each line lies in a unique member of M and has tightly controlled point-residues. No example is known that would realize this last case.
On ≤1−ttp-sparseness and nondeterministic complexity classes

For any reduction r, a set is called “≤ r p -sparse” if it is ≤ r p -reducible to a sparse set. The difficulty of sets in nondeterministic complexity classes is investigated in terms of non-≤ 1−tt p -sparseness, i.e., not being ≤ 1−tt p -reducible to any sparse set. In particular, nondeterministic complexity classes used to specify various types of one-way functions are mainly considered, i.e., UP, N(poly), UBPP, and UP. For each such class, we prove that it contains a non-≤ 1−tt p -sparse set unless it is included in P. Since these classes are included in more general nondeterministic complexity classes such as NP, easy consequences of our observations show the nonsparseness of ≤ 1−tt p -hard sets for such classes.
Trends in Scientific Computing

The computing environment of the scientific user is changing rapidly. This paper surveys some of the coming changes and some underlying trends in computer hardware and software.
Simple Assay for Femtomoles of Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine Phosphates

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in vitamin B-6, sparked in part by the discoveries that several population groups are only marginally sufficient in the vitamin. These include alcoholics (1), pregnant women (2,3), females on oral contraceptive agents (3,4), and senior citizens (1,5-7). Of the various methods devised to indicate the nutritional status of vitamin B-6, measurement of plasma levels of pyridoxal 5’-P is being employed with increasing frequency. Pyridoxal 5’-P concentration in human blood correlates with the urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid (8), and enzyme activity and coenzyme saturation of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (9). In rats, plasma pyridoxal 5’-P bears close relation to pyridoxine intake, growth, erythrocyte aspartate, and alanine aminotransferase activities and muscle store of the vitamer (10). Assay of pyridoxal 5’-P is best carried out by enzymatic means because they offer high specificity and sensitivity. Currently available protocols involve the use of the apoenzyme of tyrosine decarboxylase (11-13), tryptophanase (14,15), wheat germ and yeast aspartate aminotransferase (6,16), D-serine dehydratase (17), phosphorylase b (18), and y-cyanoaminobutyric acid synthetase (19).
Metastatic patterns and prognostic significance of signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon: Retrospective analysis of SEER database.

488Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon (SRCC) represents less than 1% of all colon carcinomas. We retrospectively examined the metastatic patterns and prognosis of SRCC in compariso...
Room-temperature magnetic Heusler compound Fe2Ti0.5Co0.5Si with semiconducting behavior

Abstract The structural, magnetic and electron-transport properties of Fe2Ti0.5Co0.5Si are investigated. It is demonstrated that rapidly quenched Fe2Ti0.5Co0.5Si ribbons crystallize in the L21 structure, indicating a full Heusler compound, and exhibit ferromagnetism with a high Curie temperature of about 790 K. Moreover, Fe2Ti0.5Co0.5Si exhibits semiconducting behavior with a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity, a room-temperature resistivity of about 6.5 mΩ cm and a residual resistivity ρ0 of about 6.75 mΩ cm. The carrier concentration n is 1.15 × 1020 cm−3 at 5 K. The magnetic semiconducting behavior with a high Curie temperature makes this material promising for room-temperature spintronic and magnetic applications.
An Isolated Ureteropelvic Junction Injury Following a Low-impact Mechanical Fall.

Abstract Objective To describe the presentation of a rare isolated ureteropelvic junction injury resulting from a mechanical fall on ice. Materials and Methods A 71-year-old previously healthy man presented to the emergency department at the University of Massachusetts Medical School 3 hours following falling on ice with complaints of gross hematuria and flank pain. Patient records were accessed via the institution's electronic medical records system between March 22, 2018 and April 22, 2018. Results Abdominal imaging revealed urinary extravasation without evidence of accompanying injury to surrounding structures, confirming an isolated left ureteropelvic junction injury. Conclusion Isolated ureteral injury following low-impact blunt abdominal trauma is exceedingly rare. Furthermore, this patient's presentation challenges the accepted conventions for both mechanism of injury and accompanying clinical factors in ureteral trauma.
The role of sequential radiation following adjuvant chemotherapy in resected pancreatic cancer

Background: Optimal adjuvant therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer remains controversial. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0848 is evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) with or without sequential chemoradiation in the absence of disease progression. In the absence of completed RTOG 0848 data, we addressed the question through a retrospective analysis. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for non-metastatic, histologically-confirmed pancreatic carcinoma status post resection and adjuvant CT. Patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with receipt of sequential radiation therapy (RT) starting at least 4 months after CT, with generation of propensity scores. Log-rank analysis assessed univariate overall survival (OS), while multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling examined multivariate OS. Six-month landmark analysis was performed to allow for completion of all planned adjuvant therapy. Results: Of 15,661 patients, 14,167 (90.5%) underwent CT alone, and 1,494 (9.5%) received RT. Patients receiving RT had nodal disease and R+ resection more often (P vs . 35.3%; P Conclusions: Sequential RT after adjuvant CT for resected pancreatic cancer was associated with improved survival. The final results of RTOG 0848 are eagerly awaited to provide definitive evidence in this clinical scenario.
Adaptive Squaring-Based Control Allocation for Wide Systems with Application to Lateral Flight Control

Redundant actuators provide the opportunity to allocate control effort to account for saturation and other input constraints. This is especially true in wide systems, where the number of input channels is greater than the number of outputs. The present paper considers the control allocation problem within the context of adaptive control. In particular, for retrospective cost adaptive control (RCAC), the target model is shown to constrain the direction of the vector of inputs. This directional constraint is used within RCAC to enforce control allocation across the input channels of wide systems. This approach is applied to the allocation of rudder and aileron inputs for lateral flight control.
NP15 Social Cohesion Interaction with Text Message Intervention Effect on Fast Food Frequency

Objective Social cohesion among peers profoundly influences decision making during adolescence. Despite this, the current research is very limited concerning the association of social cohesion and intimacy among rural adolescent peers with dietary intake and weight outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate how social cohesion and intimacy among rural adolescents in Kentucky and North Carolina affects the outcomes of a text message intervention aimed at improving fruit, vegetable, fast food and sugar sweetened beverage intake. Description Eight schools participated (n = 4 were randomized as intervention schools and n = 4 were randomized as control schools). Adolescents were recruited to participate in the eight-week text messaging intervention (n = 277 intervention students and n = 134 delayed control students). Baseline and post-intervention surveys were completed by all participants to gather information about dietary intakes, social networking, anthropometrics, and demographics. Evaluation Food cohesion was defined as those with lots of friends (two or more listed for each of the three questions) who they share food and intimate details with, or low food cohesion, those with few friends (less than two listed for each of the three questions) who they share food or intimate details with. A log linear regression model was then used to determine the association between the dietary intake variables and food cohesion within the control and intervention groups and between the two groups. Conclusion and Implications There was a statistically significant decreases in the amount of fast food consumed per week among individuals in the intervention group with high levels of food cohesion compared to individuals in the control group with low levels of food cohesion -0.318 times per week (95% CI -0.71-0.051). A strong food cohesion among those in the intervention had a modest effect on the amount of times fast food was consumed per week. However, future interventions need to be tailored to target cohesion as a core construct before any conclusions can be made. Funding 2016-68001-24915.
Metabolic tumor volume response assessment using (11)C-methionine positron emission tomography identifies glioblastoma tumor subregions that predict progression better than baseline or anatomic magnetic resonance imaging alone

Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether response assessment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma at 3 months using 11C-methionine-positron emission tomography (MET-PET) is better associated with patient outcome compared with baseline MET-PET or anatomic magnetic resonance imaging alone. Methods and Materials Patients included were participants in a phase I/II trial of dose-escalated chemoradiation based on anatomic magnetic resonance imaging. Automated segmentation of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was performed at a threshold of 1.5 times mean cerebellar uptake. Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with log-rank tests. Multivariate analysis for PFS and overall survival was performed using Cox proportional hazards, and spatial overlap between imaging and recurrence volumes were analyzed. Results Among 37 patients, 15 had gross total resection, of whom 10 (67%) had residual MTV, 16 subtotal resection, and 6 biopsy alone. Median radiation therapy dose was 75 Gy (range, 66-81). Median baseline T1 Gd-enhanced tumor volume (GTV-Gd) was 38.0 cm3 (range, 8.0-81.5). Median pre-CRT MTV was 4.9 cm3 (range, 0-43.8). Among 25 patients with 3-month MET-PET, MTV was only 2.4 cm3 (range, 0.004-18.0) in patients with uptake. Patients with MTV = 0 cm3 at 3 months had superior PFS (18.2 vs 10.1 months, P = .03). On multivariate analysis, larger 3-month MTV (hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-4.3, P = .03), persistent MET-PET subvolume (overlap of pre-CRT and 3 month MTV; HR 2.0, 95% CI, 1.2-3.4, P = .06), and increase in MTV (HR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3.1, P = .09) were the only imaging factors significant for worse PFS. GTV-Gd at recurrence encompassed 97% of the persistent MET-PET subvolume (interquartile range 72%-100%), versus 71% (interquartile range 39%-93%) of baseline MTV, 54% of baseline GTV-Gd (18%-87%), and 78% of 3-month MTV (47%-95%). Conclusions The majority of patients with apparent gross total resection of glioblastoma have measurable postoperative MTV. Total and persisting MTV 3 months post-CRT were significant predictors of PFS, and persistent MET-PET subvolume was the strongest predictor for localizing tumor recurrence.
Dense, Sonar-based Reconstruction of Underwater Scenes

Typically, the reconstruction problem is addressed in three independent steps: first, sensor processing techniques are used to filter and segment sensor data as required by the front end. Second, the front end builds the factor graph for the problem to obtain an accurate estimate of the robot’s full trajectory. Finally, the end product is obtained by further processing of sensor data, now re-projected from the optimized trajectory. In this paper we present an approach to model the reconstruction problem in a way that unifies the aforementioned problems under a single framework for a particular application: sonar-based inspection of underwater structures. This is achieved by formulating both the sonar segmentation and point cloud reconstruction problems as factor graphs, in tandem with the SLAM problem. We provide experimental results using data from a ship hull inspection test.
The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS): Current Status and Future Directions

The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) is closing in on two decades of use as a tool to investigate mesoscale and microscale circulations and dynamics in the atmosphere of Mars. Over this period of time, there have been numerous improvements and additions to the model dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and framework. At the same time, the application of the model to Mars (and related code for other planets) has taught many lessons about limitations and cautions that should be exercised. The current state of MRAMS is described along with a review of prior studies and findings utilizing the model. Where appropriate, lessons learned are provided to help guide future users and aid in the design and interpretation of numerical experiments. The paper concludes with a discussion of future MRAMS development plans.
Using Clinical Informatics to Navigate a Crisis: How Technology and Policy Change Can Influence Cancer Care Delivery

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many of us have faced new challenges as we manage some of the country's most vulnerable citizens, our patients with cancer The telemedicine policy changes and the resultant implementation empowers cancer providers to better serve our patients [Extracted from the article] Copyright of JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics is the property of American Society of Clinical Oncology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Motion magnification for optical-based structural health monitoring

Applications of motion magnification has been seen as an effective way to extract pertinent structural health monitoring data without the use of instrumentation. In particular, phase-based motion magnification (PMM) has been adopted to amplify subtle motions that cannot be seen clearly without further processing. For large infrastructure, this tool can be helpful in identifying the dynamic range of motion and modal frequencies. The use of accelerometers poses a problem for structures that contain large geometry, due to the complexities that arise when attempting to setup a modal test. Optically, one can identify singular points or regions of interest that capture a large range of motion for a structure. These regions of interest ultimately provide the dynamic information that is needed to perform structural health monitoring (SHM) of a complex system. This paper aims to identify a shift in frequency and operational deflection shapes due to varying loading scenarios while using PMM. The ability to capture multiple points without being limited by a data acquisition system permits further analysis of structural health. For example, the ability to apply varying loading scenarios can provide warnings as to how a frequency shifts while sustaining a particular force. Due to the plethora of loading conditions, the variation in external loading makes SHM a more conclusive process. For instance, it was applied many different scenarios for loading conditions and damages to observe the shifts in the frequencies due to each factor. It was also done testing with different sensing techniques and with traditional sensing to verify the reliability of PMM. The tests were done in laboratory structures and in real structures to prove the applicability of PMM and to verify what information is needed to identify damage in the structure.
Estimating drivers of concussions from punt returns in professional American football.

Abstract Objectives To estimate drivers of concussions during punt kick returns in football and consider rule change incentives to potentially reduce concussions. Study design The design of the study was to analyze concussions during punt returns. Methods National Football League data of all punts from the 2016 and 2017 seasons are examined using propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate the causal effect of punt returns on the likelihood of a player concussion. Results The PSM logistic regression estimates that the odds of a concussion increase 8.31, or are 731% higher, when a punt is returned versus not returned (log-odds b = 2.118, P Conclusions Returning a punt substantially increases the risks of a concussion. To reduce concussions in football, incentives should encourage punters to not make the punt returnable and encourage punt returners to not return the punt.
Constant Time Delay and System of Least Prompts: Efficiency and Child Preference

Prompting procedures are effective for teaching skills, but limited comparative data exist to guide practitioners to select the best procedures for individuals. This study compared efficiency of two prompting procedures—constant time delay (CTD) and system of least prompts (SLP)—to teach expressive identification of 32 targets to 10 preschoolers with and without disabilities. To assess efficiency differences between conditions and analyze changes in learning over time, we used adapted alternating treatments designs in the measurement context of cumulative records. CTD was more efficient for five children, SLP was more efficient for three children, and results were inconclusive for two children. We measured children’s choices between procedures via simultaneous treatments designs, to assess child preference and whether preferences and efficiency aligned. Preference outcomes were mixed and did not consistently align with efficiency. We used exploratory analyses to assess whether child characteristics moderated outcomes. Children for whom CTD was more efficient had significantly fewer sessions to mastery, non-significantly fewer errors, and non-significantly higher developmental assessment scores, compared to children for whom SLP was more efficient.
Conscientiousness and deterioration in employment status in multiple sclerosis over 3 years.

Background:Physical and cognitive symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) correlate with unemployment cross-sectionally. Prospective studies, rarely published, have not accounted for personality traits...
Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Toxic Industrial Chemicals and COVID-19: An Exploratory Analysis of United States Counties

Background: Several studies have linked air pollution to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality A related issue, which has received less attention but is equally imp
New media use and the belief in a just world: awareness of life events and the perception of fairness for self and injustice for others

The disclosure of life events is among the most common behaviors on social media and is part of the everyday activities revealed through the use of many other new media. This paper explores the awa...
Risk of Intraoperative Hyperthermia and Outcomes in Adults Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC).

BACKGROUND Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is commonly used to treat peritoneal surface malignancies. We aimed to identify risk factors of intraoperative patient hyperthermia and the postoperative outcome of adults undergoing HIPEC PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, IRB approved, single center cohort study was conducted. Adults treated with cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC between 2006 and 2021 were included. The primary outcome was bladder hyperthermia during perfusion, stratified by severity and duration. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and recurrence-free (RFS) and overall (OS) survival. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to estimate the effects of important covariates. RESULTS Out of 214 patients, 114 had mild hyperthermia (≥ 38 °C) at any time, and in 73 of these it lasted for ≥ 30 min. Independent prognostic factors of mild hyperthermia ≥ 30 min were age (OR = 0.958, 95% CI 0.933-0.984), body mas index (BMI; OR = 0.959 95% CI 0.917-1.002), gender (OR = 0.199, 95% CI 0.092-0.431), and type of chemotherapy [cisplatin versus mitomycin (OR = 0.186, 95% CI 0.070-0.491; oxaliplatin versus mitomycin (OR = 0.430, 95% CI 0.163-1.139)]. Prognostic factors of moderate-to-severe hyperthermia (≥ 39 °C) at any time were perfusion duration (OR = 1.094, 95% CI 1.018-1.177) and blood transfusion (OR = 5.689, 95% CI 1.784-18.137). Intraoperative hyperthermia was not associated with increased postoperative complications but was associated with better RFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates age, gender, BMI, and chemotherapy type to be associated with hyperthermia ≥ 38 °C for ≥ 30 min, whereas longer perfusion time and blood transfusion were associated with hyperthermia ≥ 39 °C. Mild hyperthermia at the end of perfusion is associated with better RFS and OS.
Characterization of microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors

Silicon diodes with large aspect ratio microstructures backfilled with neutron-reactive material show a dramatic increase in neutron-detection efficiency beyond that of conventional thin-film coated planar devices. Described here are advancements in applications of the technology. The highest single-chip efficiency devices thus far have delivered over 30.1% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency at normal incident, and 37.6% at a 45° incident. The detectors operate as diffused pn-junction diodes each having 4-cm2 active area. The solid-state silicon device operates on zero to 2.7V and utilizes simple signal amplification and counting electronic components. The intrinsic detection-efficiency for normal-incident 0.0253 eV neutrons was found for the detectors by calibrating against a calibrated 3He proportional counter.
Excitements of Change: A Dialogue on the Constitutionality of the Guest Statute, The

This article covers the constitutional attacks on Nebraska's guest statute in the wake of California's decision in Brown v. Merlo.
Vegetative Isozyme of N-Acetylglucosaminidase in Dictyostelium discoideum

Abstract A minor isozyme of N-acetylglucosaminidase was isolated from growing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum and purified more than 1000-fold. The minor isozyme could be distinguished from the major, stage-specific isozyme which accumulates shortly after the initiation of development by its thermostability, sensitivity to heavy metals, and pH optimum. The specific activity of the minor isozyme on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-N-acetylglucosaminide is approximately one-tenth that of the stage-specific enzyme in bacterial grown cells and remains constant throughout development. However, the minor isozyme is considerably more active than the major isozyme when either bacterial murein or polymeric N-acetylglucosamine is used as the substrate. The minor isozyme is unaffected by mutations which inactivate or render thermolabile the major isozyme. Because these mutant strains grow well with bacteria as the food source, it appears that vegetative functions are carried out by the minor isozyme rather than by the major isozyme.
Custom Synthesis and Custom Chemicals

The chemical synthesis industry is a dynamic, highly segmented, and growing component of the overall outsourcing business. It has a distinctive service platform and customer base compared with chemical suppliers, thus requiring a clear understanding of key success factors, expectations from pharmaceutical company customers, and changing global economic environments.This article describes the current extent and scope of the chemical synthesis business within the framework of increasing regulatory compliance demands and a growing number of pharmaceutical firms that are requesting contract services for their chemical operations.
Interactive event search through transfer learning

Activity videos are widespread on the Internet but current video search is limited to text tags due to limitations in recognition systems. One of the main reasons for this limitation is the wide variety of activities users could query. Thus codifying knowledge for all queries becomes problematic. Relevance Feedback (RF) is a retrieval framework that addresses this issue via interactive feedback with the user during the search session. An added benefit is that RF can also learn the subjective component of a user's search preferences. However for good retrieval performance, RF may require a large amount of user feedback for activity search. We address this issue by introducing Transfer Learning (TL) into RF. With TL, we can use auxiliary data from known classification problems different from the user's target query to decrease the needed amount of user feedback. We address key issues in integrating RF and TL and demonstrate improved performance on the challenging YouTube Action Dataset
Increased sensitivity in a radioimmunoassay for measuring cyclosporine in lipoprotein fractions

We describe a modification of the commercially available cyclosporine (CAS) 3H-RIA kit, allowing detection of drug in lipoprotein fractions obtained by ultracentrifugation. Sodium bromide solutions containing the lipoprotein fractions were dried and reconstituted with drug-free plasma. Methanolic extractions were centrifuged, and 250 microL of the supernate was dried and reconstituted with 50 microL of methanol. Buffer, radioactive tracer, and monoclonal antibody were then added and incubated for 2 h at 4 degrees C. Samples were subjected to charcoal de-activation and then centrifuged, and the radioactivity in the supernate was counted. The limit of detection of CSA was 2.5 micrograms/L; analytical recovery was between 97.5% and 101.3%. Within- and between-day CVs were less than 9%. We conclude that the present method may be beneficial for therapeutic drug monitoring of CSA in lipoprotein fractions.
Regulatory effects of phospholamban on cardiac function in intact mice

Phospholamban (PLB) regulates Ca2+- adenosinetriphosphatase activity in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and participates in the regulation of myocardial performance. Animal models with altered level...