cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The structure of a T = 1 icosahedral empty particle from southern bean mosaic virus

The structure of a T = 1 icosahedral particle (where T is the triangulation number), assembled from southern bean mosaic virus coat protein fragments that lacked the amino-terminal arm, was solved by means of model building procedures with the use of 6-angstrom resolution x-ray diffraction data. The icosahedral five-, three-, and twofold contacts were found to be similar, at this resolution, to the analogous contacts (icosahedral five-, quasi-three-, and quasi-twofolds) found in the parent T = 3 southern bean mosaic virus. However, the icosahedral fivefold contacts of the T = 3 structure are the most conserved in the T = 1 capsid. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which pentameric caps of dimers are the building blocks for the assembly of T = 1 and T = 3 icosahedral viruses.
Two conserved tryptophan residues are responsible for intrinsic fluorescence enhancement in Rubisco activase upon ATP binding.

Two species-invariant tryptophan residues at positions 109 and 250 of tobacco Rubisco activase were identified by site-directed mutagenesis as being responsible for the increase in intrinsic fluorescence upon addition of ATP, which has been previously attributed to increased self-association. Substitution of W109, which is immediately prior to a ‘P-loop’ sequence in the ATP catalytic motif, with aromatic residues (Tyr or Phe), Cys or Lys eliminated both ATP hydrolysis and the intrinsic fluorescence enhancement. Although the W109 mutants bound ATP, ATP did not provide a partial protection against proteolysis by trypsin that was observed with the recombinant wild-type enzyme. In contrast, substitution of W250 with Tyr or Phe abolished about half (44%) of the increase in intrinsic fluorescence with ATP, but had little effect on ATP hydrolysis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activation or proteolytic protection with ATP. The substitution of the other tryptophan residues, W16 and W305, with phenylalanine did not significantly alter the change in intrinsic fluorescence upon addition of ATP. Therefore, W109 and W250 are the residues reporting the conformational change that increases the intrinsic fluorescence.
Response to comment on “Effect of sintering temperature on single-wall carbon nanotube toughened alumina-based nanocomposite”

There is continuing debate on the toughening effect of adding single-wall carbon nanotubes to Al2O3. In response to Padture et al.’s recent comment on our paper, we present here a further discussion on how porosity can, indeed, dramatically affect the indentation response of ceramics and also address the problems associated with using Vickers indentation methods versus the single-edge V-notched beam method to measure fracture toughness values.
A centralized approach to managing a large student staff

Recognizing the importance of the student staff to the overall departmental mission, the Information Technology Services (ITS) department at Ithaca College has centralized key management functions into a dedicated full-time position, the Coordinator of Student Employment and Lab Services (Student Coordinator). By centralizing this function, improvements have been made in the recruitment, training, budgeting and scheduling of student employees. The Student Coordinator is the in-house student expert, acting as a resource for other full-time area coordinators (Helpdesk, Field Service, Classroom Technology etc). This paper will highlight the advantages to be gained from this centralized management model and discuss in detail the IT organization, the job duties of the Student Coordinator, the recruitment, training, incentive and recognition programs, the communication tools and the other logistics necessary to managing a large student workforce. By centralizing these job duties, the department can readily adapt to changing service needs and economic conditions. Communication, collaboration and coordination define the life of the Student Coordinator at Ithaca College!
Lexical boundary error analysis in hypokinetic and ataxic dysarthria.

This investigation is the second in a series to examine a potential source of reduced intelligibility in dysarthric speech, namely the mismatch between listeners’ perceptual strategies and the acoustic information available in the dysarthric speech signal. Lexical boundary error (LBE) analysis was conducted on listener transcripts from phrases produced by speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria, ataxic dysarthria, and normal controls. By design, the hypokinetic and ataxic dysarthric tapes elicited similar intelligibility (words-correct) scores. However, they elicited different numbers and patterns of lexical boundary errors. The nature of the error pattern differences can be traced to the listeners’ use of available syllabic strength information to segment the acoustic stream. Specifically, although both dysarthric speech samples elicited numerous lexical boundary errors, those for the hypokinetic speech generally conformed to predictions offered from studies of degraded normal speech. Those for the ataxic speech did not conform strongly to such predictions. It appears that the prosodic deficits of the ataxic speech (tendency toward syllabic isochrony, excessive loudness variation, and reduced vowel working space consequent to reductions in vowel strength) posed more of a problem for listeners than did the prosodic deficits of the hypokinetic speech (rapid rate, monotony, reduced vowel working space).
Existence of Optimal Control without Convexity and a Bang-Bang Theorem for Linear Volterra Equations

We consider a Mayer problem of optimal control monitored by an integral equation of Volterra type: $$x(t) = x(t_1 ) + \int_{t_1 }^t { [h(t,s)x(s) + g(t, s)f(s, u(s))] ds,} $$ where the measurable control functionu satisfies a constraint of the formu(t) ∈U(t) ⊂Em,t1≤t≤t2, andg is a continuous kernel.
Right ventricular dysfunction in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation: predictors, management, and device utilization.

Right ventricular dysfunction after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is a vexing clinical problem which has a direct impact on short- and long-term outcome. This chapter reviews previously published predictors of right ventricular failure after LVAD implantation, examines the pathophysiologic basis behind right ventricular failure, and discusses strategies for mitigation. The chapter will also review how to manage right ventricular failure should it supervene.
Modeling adsorption in liquid—solid fluidized beds

Abstract Under certain conditions, the breakthrough time in a fluidized-bed adsorber is considerably shorter than that in a comparable fixed-bed adsorber. This phenomenon is probably due to the appreciable macroscale or axial mixing occurring in the solid and liquid phases of the fluidized bed. An axial dispersion model has been adapted to characterize the fluidized-bed adsorber. The model takes into account the effects of axial mixing in the solid and liquid phases, mass transfer resistance in the laminar fluid boundary surrounding an individual adsorbent particle, and diffusional resistance within the particle. The model has been solved numerically to simulate the performance of a laboratory-scale adsorber. The results of the simulation closely represent experimental observations over wide ranges of the influent flow rate, fluidized-bed height and adsorbent particle size.
Limitations on the word superiority effect with a fixed target set

Failure to achieve a word superiority effect has been attributed to the use of the fixed target set (Massaro, 1973). Present results indicated that several procedures other than the fixed set inhibit word superiority. Specifically, when a subject was not forced or encouraged to attend to a total stimulus item, word superiority was lost. Other recent findings can be interpreted within the framework of this attention notion.
Efficient sulfur-tolerant bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen generation from diesel fuel

Abstract Catalytic autothermal reforming (ATR) of synthetic diesel and JP8 over supported metal catalysts has been investigated in the present study. Bimetallic catalysts exhibited superior performance compared to the commercial catalyst and the monometallic counterparts. BET, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and XPS were utilized for characterizing these formulations, which showed that the enhanced stability is due to a strong metal–metal and metal–support interaction in the catalyst.
Aristotle's Introduction to the Problem of Happiness: On Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics

The study of Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics is useful today in part because it deals with a question—the nature of human happiness—whose relevance is obvious. But in dealing with that question, Book I compels us to raise difficulties for ourselves that, far from being obvious, are in danger of being forgotten. Chief among these difficulties are, first, the true character of our hope for happiness and, ultimately, the necessity of there being a kind of divine providence if that hope is to be realized. Inasmuch as we still long for happiness, we must still undergo the pull of that necessity, however distant it may appear to us to be. In bringing out our deepest concern in this way, the study of the first book of the Ethics also prepares us to become serious students of Aristotle's “philosophy of human matters” as a whole, which is concerned with the reality of providence because it is concerned with the possibility of philosophy as a way of life.
Secreted TARSH Regulates Olfactory Mitral Cell Dendritic Complexity

Olfactory sensory neurons synapse with mitral cells to form stereotyped connections in the olfactory bulb (OB). Mitral cell apical dendrites receive input from olfactory sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor. During development, this restricted dendritic targeting of mitral cells is achieved through eliminating elaborated dendritic trees to a single apical dendrite. Through a genome-wide microarray screen, we identified TARSH (Target of NESH SH3) as a transiently expressed molecule in mitral cells during the dendritic refinement period. TARSH expression is restricted to pyramidal neurons along the main olfactory pathway, including the anterior olfactory nucleus and piriform cortex. The dynamic TARSH expression is not altered when odor-evoked activity is blocked by naris closure or in AC3 knockout mice. We also demonstrate that TARSH is a secreted protein. In dissociated OB cultures, secreted TARSH promotes the reduction of mitral cell dendritic complexity and restricts dendritic branching and outgrowth of interneurons. Dendritic morphological changes were also observed in mitral cells overexpressing TARSH themselves. We propose that TARSH is part of the genetic program that regulates mitral cell dendritic refinement.
Nucleotide Sequence Polymorphism in Circoviruses

Analysis of nucleotide diversity within six species of circovirus showed consistently stronger purifying selection at nonsynonymous sites in the rep gene than on those in the cap gene. In addition, synonymous nucleotide diversity in the rep gene was significantly lower than that in the cap gene, suggesting functional constraint even at synonymous sites in rep, which was associated in all six species with strongly negative AT-skew. Of the six virus species examined, four species showed evidence of ongoing purifying selection at nonsynonymous polymorphic sites in the rep gene, indicating the presence of slightly deterious nonsynonymous variants in these populations. The rep gene of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was unique, however, in showing a strong excess of rare nonsynonymous polymorphisms. The excess of rare nonsynonymous polymorphisms suggests a prolonged population bottleneck in PCV2, allowing slightly deleterious mutations to accumulate, followed by a population expansion during which selection to remove these variants has increased in effectiveness. Such a population history is consistent with the epidemiological evidence of a recent worldwide spread of PCV2.
Minimizing total completion time for UET tasks with release time and outtree precedence constraints

Brucker et al. (Math Methods Oper Res 56: 407–412, 2003) have given an O(n2)-time algorithm for the problems \(P \mid p_{j} = 1, r_{j}\), outtree \(\mid \sum C_{j}\) and \(P \mid pmtn, p_{j} = 1, r_{j}\), outtree \(\mid \sum C_{j}\). In this note, we show that their algorithm admits an O(n log n)-time implementation.
Endocardial fibrosarcoma in a reticulated python (Python reticularis).

A female, reticulated python (Python reticularis) of unknown age was presented with a history of lethargy, weakness, and distended coelom. Physical examination revealed severe dystocia and stomatitis. The reticulated python was euthanized due to a poor clinical prognosis. Postmortem examination revealed marked distention of the reproductive tract with 26 eggs (10–12 cm in diameter), pericardial effusion, and a slightly firm, pale tan mass (3–4 cm in diameter) adhered to the endocardium at the base of aorta. Based on histopathologic and transmission electron microscopic findings, the diagnosis of endocardial fibrosarcoma was made.
Modeling demand and supply interactions to forecast load growth for electricity distribution systems

Abstract Distribution systems such as the Rural Electric Cooperatives (RECs) in the U.S. obtain power largely through purchases. Supply is often guaranteed through long-term contracts, and prices may be less sensitive in the short run to increases in fuel costs. The development of a model to capture some of the unique features of the RECs cost structures is discussed. The use of such a model in forecasting the growth of the cooperatives is presented; three scenarios of alternative assumptions regarding the growth of fuel prices are analyzed. Based on these scenarios, it is concluded that the annual load growths of RECs will range between 3.6 and 5.9% to the year 2000.
Conflict over the molecular clock

Figure 3 (p. 1310) in the report "A 115-kD polypeptide immunologically related to erythrocyte band 3 is present in Golgi membranes" by S. Kellokumpu et al. (2 Dec., p. 1308) was incorrectly printed. The correct figure is reproduced below.
High-gain direct-drive target design for laser fusion

A new laser fusion target concept is presented with a predicted energy gain of 127 using a 1.3 MJ KrF laser. This energy gain is sufficiently high for an economically attractive fusion reactor. X rays from high- and low-Z materials are used in combination with a low-opacity ablator to spatially tune the isentrope, thereby providing both high fuel compression and a reduction of the ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability.
Electron Scattering from Nuclear Targets and Quark Distributions in Nuclei

The deep-inelastic electromagnetic structure functions of steel, deuterium, and hydrogen nuclei have been measured with use of the high-energy electron beam at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The ratio of the structure functions of steel and deuterium cannot be understood simply by corrections due to Fermi-motion effects. The data indicate that the quark momentum distributions in the nucleon become distorted in the nucleus. The present results are consistent with recent measurements with high-energy muon beams.
Cloud federation in a layered service model

We show how a layered Cloud service model of software (SaaS), platform (PaaS), and infrastructure (IaaS) leverages multiple independent Clouds by creating a federation among the providers. The layered architecture leads naturally to a design in which inter-Cloud federation takes place at each service layer, mediated by a broker specific to the concerns of the parties at that layer. Federation increases consumer value for and facilitates providing IT services as a commodity. This business model for the Cloud is consistent with broker mediated supply and service delivery chains in other commodity sectors such as finance and manufacturing. Concreteness is added to the federated Cloud model by considering how it works in delivering the Weather Research and Forecasting service (WRF) as SaaS using PaaS and IaaS support. WRF is used to illustrate the concepts of delegation and federation, the translation of service requirements between service layers, and inter-Cloud broker functions needed to achieve federation.
Epitheliuria: Aid in early diagnosis of renal artery embolus

Abstract A study was undertaken to determine if the observation of clusters of epithelial cells seen in the urinary sediment of a patient with acute renal artery embolus could provide a new and simple method of confirming the diagnosis. The urine from 5 dogs surgically infarcted and 3 humans undergoing percutaneous renal embolization for tumor were studied. Clusters of epithelial cells were observed in the urines of these dog and human models suggesting that this may be used as a rapid and easily performed test to confirm the clinical diagnosis of renal artery occlusion.
Introducing Karl F. Warnick, Associate Editor for the Education Column [Education Column]

Karl F. Warnick received the BS and PhD degrees from Brigham Young University (BYU), Provo, UT, in 1994 and 1997, respectively. From 1998 to 2000, he was a Postdoctoral Research Associate and Visiting Assistant Professor in the Center for Computational Electromagnetics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Since 2000, he has been a faculty member in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at BYU, where he is currently a Professor. In 2005 and 2007, he was a Visiting Professor at the Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany. Dr. Warnick has published many scientific articles and conference papers on electromagnetic theory, numerical methods, remote sensing, antenna applications, phased arrays, biomedical devices, and inverse scattering. He is the author of the books Problem Solving in Electromagnetics, Microwave Circuits, and Antenna Design for Communications Engineering (Artech House, 2006) with Peter Russer; Numerical Analysis for Electromagnetic Integral Equations (Artech House, 2008); and Numerical Methods for Engineering: An Introduction Using MATLAB and Computational Electromagnetics Examples (SciTech, 2010)
Continuous-flow photocatalytic treatment of pharmaceutical micropollutants: Activity, inhibition, and deactivation of TiO2 photocatalysts in wastewater effluent

Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) photocatalysts have been shown to be effective at degrading a wide range of organic micropollutants during short-term batch experiments conducted under ideal laboratory solution conditions (e.g., deionized water). However, little research has been performed regarding longer-term photocatalyst performance in more complex matrices representative of contaminated water sources (e.g., wastewater effluent, groundwater). Here, a benchtop continuous-flow reactor was developed for the purpose of studying the activity, inhibition, and deactivation of immobilized TiO 2 photocatalysts during water treatment applications. As a demonstration, degradation of four pharmaceutical micropollutants (iopromide, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, and carbamazepine) was monitored in both a pH-buffered electrolyte solution and a biologically treated wastewater effluent (WWE) to study the effects of non-target constituents enriched in the latter matrix. Reactor performance was shown to be stable over 7 d when treating micropollutants in buffered electrolyte, with 7-d averaged k obs values (acetaminophen = 0.97 ± 0.10 h −1 ; carbamazepine = 0.50 ± 0.04 h −1 ; iopromide = 0.49 ± 0.03 h −1 ; sulfamethoxazole = 0.79 ± 0.06 h −1 ) agreeing closely with measurements from short-term circulating batch reactions. When reactor influent was switched to WWE, treatment efficiencies decreased to varying degrees (acetaminophen = 40% decrease; carbamazepine = 60%; iopromide = 78%; sulfamethoxazole = 54%). A large fraction of the catalyst activity was recovered upon switching back to the buffered electrolyte influent after 4 d, suggesting that much of the observed decrease resulted from reversible inhibition by non-target constituents (e.g., scavenging of photocatalyst-generated OH). However, there was also a portion of the decrease in activity that was not recovered, indicating WWE constituents also contributed to photocatalyst deactivation (acetaminophen = 6% deactivation; carbamazepine = 24%; iopromide = 16%; sulfamethoxazole = 25%). Experiments conducted using pretreated WWE and synthetic WWE mimic solutions indicated that both effluent organic matter and inorganic constituents in WWE contributed to the observed photocatalyst inhibition/deactivation. Analysis of immobilized TiO 2 thin films after 4 d of continuous treatment of the WWE matrix indicated minor deterioration of the porous film and formation of surface precipitates enriched in Al and Ca. Results demonstrated the marked influence of non-target constituents present in complex matrices on long-term photocatalyst activity and highlighted the need for further study of this important issue to advance the development of practical photocatalytic water treatment technologies.
Conflicts between children.

Revue de la litterature consacree aux conflits entre enfants en milieu naturel, a travers les approches de la psychologie du developpement cognitif et social et de la sociolinguistique
Hypoxia transiently sequesters mps1 and polo to collagenase-sensitive filaments in Drosophila prometaphase oocytes.

Background The protein kinases Mps1 and Polo, which are required for proper cell cycle regulation in meiosis and mitosis, localize to numerous ooplasmic filaments during prometaphase in Drosophila oocytes. These filaments first appear throughout the oocyte at the end of prophase and are disassembled after egg activation. Methodology/Principal Findings We showed here that Mps1 and Polo proteins undergo dynamic and reversible localization to static ooplasmic filaments as part of an oocyte-specific response to hypoxia. The observation that Mps1- and Polo-associated filaments reappear in the same locations through multiple cycles of oxygen deprivation demonstrates that underlying structural components of the filaments must still be present during normoxic conditions. Using immuno-electron microscopy, we observed triple-helical binding of Mps1 to numerous electron-dense filaments, with the gold label wrapped around the outside of the filaments like a garland. In addition, we showed that in live oocytes the relocalization of Mps1 and Polo to filaments is sensitive to injection of collagenase, suggesting that the structural components of the filaments are composed of collagen-like fibrils. However, the collagen-like genes we have been able to test so far (vkg and CG42453) did not appear to be associated with the filaments, demonstrating that the collagenase-sensitive component of the filaments is one of a number of other Drosophila proteins bearing a collagenase cleavage site. Finally, as hypoxia is known to cause Mps1 protein to accumulate at kinetochores in syncytial embryos, we also show that GFP-Polo accumulates at both kinetochores and centrosomes in hypoxic syncytial embryos. Conclusions/Significance These findings identify both a novel cellular structure (the ooplasmic filaments) as well as a new localization pattern for Mps1 and Polo and demonstrate that hypoxia affects Polo localization in Drosophila.
Spring Level Sets: A Deformable Model Representation to Provide Interoperability between Meshes and Level Sets

A new type of deformable model is presented that merges meshes and level sets into one representation to provide interoperability between methods designed for either. This includes the ability to circumvent the CFL time step restriction for methods that require large step sizes. The key idea is to couple a constellation of disconnected triangular surface elements (springls) with a level set that tracks the moving constellation. The target application for Spring Level Sets (SpringLS) is to implement comprehensive imaging pipelines that require a mixture of deformable model representations to achieve the best performance. We demonstrate how to implement key components of a comprehensive imaging pipeline with SpringLS, including image segmentation, registration, tracking, and atlasing.
Speech recognition from spectral dynamics

Information is carried in changes of a signal. The paper starts with revisiting Dudley’s concept of the carrier nature of speech. It points to its close connection to modulation spectra of speech and argues against short-term spectral envelopes as dominant carriers of the linguistic information in speech. The history of spectral representations of speech is briefly discussed. Some of the history of gradual infusion of the modulation spectrum concept into Automatic recognition of speech (ASR) comes next, pointing to the relationship of modulation spectrum processing to well-accepted ASR techniques such as dynamic speech features or RelAtive SpecTrAl (RASTA) filtering. Next, the frequency domain perceptual linear prediction technique for deriving autoregressive models of temporal trajectories of spectral power in individual frequency bands is reviewed. Finally, posterior-based features, which allow for straightforward application of modulation frequency domain information, are described. The paper is tutorial in nature, aims at a historical global overview of attempts for using spectral dynamics in machine recognition of speech, and does not always provide enough detail of the described techniques. However, extensive references to earlier work are provided to compensate for the lack of detail in the paper.
EBF3PanelOpt: An optimization framework for curvilinear blade-stiffened panels

A new framework, EBF3PanelOpt, is being developed for design and optimization of complex, multifunctional, aircraft structural concepts like pressurized non-circular fuselage structures to be used in hybrid wing/body vehicles that are subjected to complex structural loading cases. This tool can be used to integrate materials and structural concepts to exploit emerging additive manufacturing processes that offer the ability to efficiently fabricate complex structural configurations. Commercial software packages, MD-Patran (geometry modeling and mesh generation), MD-Nastran (Finite Element Analysis), are integrated in the EBF3PanelOpt framework using Python programming environment to design stiffened panels with curvilinear stiffeners. Typically, these panels experience multiple loading conditions during the operations of these vehicles. EBF3PanelOpt has the capability to optimize flat/curved multi-sided panels with straight/curved edges having curvilinear, blade-type stiffeners under multiple loading conditions. The mass of the panel is minimized subjected to constraints on buckling, von Mises stress, and crippling or local failure of the stiffener using global optimization techniques or gradient based optimization techniques. The panel/stiffener geometry is parametrized using design variables that include variables for orientation and shape of the stiffeners, the thicknesses and height of the stiffeners, and the plate thickness. The plate can have uniform thickness or non-uniform thicknesses for the pockets created by the stiffeners. During optimization, constraints can be applied for each of the loading conditions by aggregating all the responses using Kreisselmeir–Steinhauser criteria or using worst response amongst all the responses or applying all the constraints. Initially, the flat rectangular panel is optimized for the single load-case to study the effectiveness of the panel thickness option. Then, the optimization of flat rectangular and cylindrical panels is carried out for three sample load cases of practical interest. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed constraints' application.
A model of an early 'off' response in frog optic tectum.

Summary In a study of visual information processing in the frog optic tectum, action potentials (APs) and field potentials (FPs) of the tectal response to a 10 min of arc white light stimulus were measured. Moderate dark-adaptation and 15–200 msec stimuli produced only an ‘on’ response whereas high dark-adaptation and near threshold stimuli produced an additional longer latency component which was very sensitive to degree of dark-adaptation and which was not observable for durations greater than 1.5 sec. The second component is termed the early ‘off’ since it was linked to the ‘off’ of the stimulus and was distinct from the retinal ‘off’ response which was observed only for stimulus durations greater than 200 msec. Typical latencies (from the onset of a 200 msec stimulus) were 140 msec for the ‘on’ response, 650 msec for the early ‘off’ and 1650 msec for the ‘off’. The early ‘off’ was not observed in the retina with simultaneous tectal and retinal recordings. The ‘on’/early lsoff’ complex was highly sensitive to ACh and curare applied to the tectum, whereas only the early ‘off’ was sensitive to atropine. It appears the early ‘off’ is produced in the tectum and not in the retina. Assuming that phasic ‘on-off’ tectal afferents are excitatory and that sustained ‘on’ afferents are inhibitory, a model of tectal processing which explains the generation and properties of both the APs and FPs observed for the early ‘off’ tectal response is presented.
p-channel modulation-doped field-effect transistors based on AlSb/sub 0.9/As/sub 0.1//GaSb

Operation of the first AlSbAs/GaSb p-channel modulation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET) is reported. Devices with 1- mu m gate length exhibit transconductance of 30 and 110 mS/mm at room temperature and 80 K, with respective maximum drain current densities of 25 and 80 mA/mm. The low field Hall mobility and sheet carrier density of this modulation doped structure were 260 cm/sup 2//V-s and 1.8*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ at room temperature and 1700 cm/sup 2//V-s and 1.4*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ at 77 K. Calculations based on these results indicate that room-temperature transconductances of 200 mS/mm or greater could be achieved. This device can be integrated with an InAs n-channel HFET for complementary circuit applications. >
All-optical switching using color centers in irradiated silica fibers

We report an all-optical switch in a two-mode silica fiber based on a resonant nonlinearity introduced by color centers in an irradiated P2O5-SiO2 fiber. Full switching of a 900 nm signal was observed in a 22 cm length of fiber for only 1 (mu) J of absorbed 532 nm pump energy, with a projected response time under 10 ns. This switch operated with a peak power two orders of magnitude lower than for a comparable Kerr effect device operated under identical conditions. Photobleaching was observed and is believed to be a solvable issue.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Flow in a Turbine Cascade: Part 2—Measurement of Flow Trajectories by Ethylene Detection

Ecoulement dans une grille d'aubes de turbines. Mesure des trajectoires de l'ecoulement par detection d'ethylene
Free tropospheric ozone production after deep convection of dispersing tropical urban plumes

Abstract Ozone generation is computed in a one-dimensional photochemistry code following convective redistribution of tropical urban effluent into the free troposphere. Simulations are run at several stages of pollutant dilution by surrounding surface air. A threshold boundary layer NO x concentration of 300 pptv is established for significant production enhancements at upper levels. Areas defined by the 300 pptv level are examined in the Gaussian dispersion framework based on a wet season plume event observed in Amazonia. Pollution travels slowly in the sluggish winds of the equatorial trough. Daily storms are likely to interrupt the effluent while coverages are still on the order of few thousand square kilometers and NO x concentrations are above the threshold. Dry season plume sizes are difficult to assess because local concentration data are scarce, but it is conceivable that the faster trade winds lead to a several fold extension.
Reconfigurable N-level memristor memory design

Memristive devices have gained significant research attention lately because of their unique properties and wide application spectrum. In particular, memristor-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) offers the high density, low power, and low volatility required for next-generation non-volatile memory. The ability to program memristive devices into several different resistance states has also led to the proposal of multilevel RRAM. This work analyzes the application of thinfilm memristors as N-level RRAM elements. The tradeoffs between the number of memory levels and each RRAM element's reliability will be discussed. A metric is proposed to rate each RRAM element in the presence of process variations. A memory architecture is also presented which allows the number of memory levels to be reconfigured based on different application characteristics. The proposed architecture can achieve a write time speedup of 5.9 over other memristor memory architectures with 80% ion mobility degradation.
Low-Income African-American Caregivers' Experiences of Being Referred to Mental Health Services by the School Counselor: Implications for Best Practices.

Referring students for mental health care is a core job function for school counselors, and one that is often stressful for all parties involved. In this phenomenological study, six low-income African-American caregivers were interviewed about their experiences of having a son or grandson referred for mental health care by the school counselor. Issues of how the participants viewed the school, mental health care, and the process of being referred were explored. Key findings include the caregivers' experiences of alienation in the face of a rigid system for parent involvement in educational decision making, caregivers' perceived lack of power, and caregivers' lack of understanding of school administrative processes. Recommendations for school counseling practice are given, along with suggestions for school counselor education.
Nature, timing, and severity of complications from ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal transplant biopsy.

We sought to review our kidney transplant biopsy experience to assess the incidence, type, presenting symptoms, and timing of renal transplant biopsy complications, as well as determine any modifiable risk factors for postbiopsy complications. This is an observational analysis of patients at the University of Wisconsin between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2009. Patients with an INR ≥1.5 or platelet counts less than 50 000 were not biopsied. An 18-gauge needle was used for biopsy. Over the study period, 3738 biopsies were performed with 66 complications (1.8%). No deaths occurred. A total of 0.7% were mild complications, 0.7% were moderate complications, 0.21% were severe complications, and 0.19% were life-threatening. Most complications occurred within the 4-h postbiopsy period, although serious complications were often delayed: 67% of complications requiring surgical intervention presented greater than 4 h after biopsy. Biopsy within 1 week of transplant had a 311% increased risk of a complication. Postbiopsy reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin at 4 h was associated with a complication. In conclusion, life-threatening complications after renal allograft biopsy occurred in 0.19% of patients. Most complications occurred within 4 h postprocedure; however, many serious complications occurred with a time delay after initially uneventful monitoring. The only clinically significant laboratory predictor of a complication was a fall in the hematocrit or hemoglobin within 4 h. Patients biopsied within a week of transplant were at the highest risk for a complication and should therefore be most closely monitored.
Geometric Integration of Aerial and High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Application in Shoreline Mapping

This paper investigates the geopositioning accuracy achievable from integrating IKONOS and QuickBird satellite stereo image pairs with aerial images acquired over a region at Tampa Bay, Florida. The results showed that the accuracy is related to a few factors of imaging geometry. For example, the geopositioning accuracy of a stereo pair of IKONOS or QuickBird images can be improved by integrating a set of aerial images, even just a single aerial image or a stereo pair of aerial images. Shorelines derived from the IKONOS and QuickBird stereo images, particularly the vertical positions, are compared with the corresponding observations of water-penetrating LiDAR and water gauge stations and proved that differences are within the limit of the geopositioning uncertainty of the satellite images.
Effects of Design Parameters on the Fluid Flow and the Efficiency of Single Ended Evacuated Tubular Solar Thermal Collectors via FEM Modelling and Experimentation

This work is about assessment of the single-ended evacuated tubular solar thermal collectors which are widely used in solar heating applications. Exchange and transfer of heat are accomplished by a thermosyphon process. The flow pattern of the working fluid within the collector is determined by a combination of gravity forces and the fluid's buoyancy forces which are due to varying density at varying temperature. This paper reports on a finite element method (FEM) based numerical study of the dependence of the working fluid flow pattern on the collector’s design parameters such as inclination angles and collector length-to-diameter ratio. This fluid flow pattern determines the heat exchange between the working fluid and the selective coating and thus the efficiency of the collector. A model of this process has been implemented in a simulator built via COMSOL FEM software package. A physical solar water heating system made with five commercial evacuated tubular collectors was also built and tested to verify the simulation results. Public access to the simulator is provided here.
On Collaborative Scheduling of Distributable Real-Time Threads in Dynamic, Networked Embedded Systems

Some emerging networked embedded real-time applications have relatively long reaction time magnitudes-e.g., milliseconds to minutes. These longer execution time magnitudes allow opportunities for more computationally expensive scheduling algorithms than what is traditionally considered for device-level real-time control sub-systems. In this paper, we review recent research conducted on collaborative scheduling algorithms in such systems that are subject to dynamic behavior such as transient and sustained resource overloads, arbitrary activity arrivals, and arbitrary node failures and message loss. We show that collaborative scheduling algorithms have an advantage over non-collaborative scheduling algorithms.
Traumatic dislocation of implanted collamer phakic lens: a case report and review of the literature.

Purpose: Present a case of dislocation of an Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) that occurs after blunt trauma and review the published literature on this topic. Methods: Case report and literature review using PubMed. Results: A 44 year-old male presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of blurry vision after blunt trauma to the left eye. Three years prior, he had undergone bilateral ICL placement for high myopia. On examination, the superotemporal haptic was noted to be dislocated into the anterior chamber, but there was no endothelial touch by the dislocated lens. The patient had an associated hyphema that was medically managed, and 2 weeks after the injury, the patient underwent ICL repositioning. A review of the literature was performed and five previous cases of ICL dislocation were identified. Three of these occurred after blunt trauma. One of these cases was associated with endothelial touch and decompensation and eventually required a descement's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). Conclusion: Dislocation of ICLs after blunt trauma is a rare but important potential sequela of the procedure and can lead to corneal decompensation if there is lens-endothelial touch. All patients who suffer blunt dislocation of ICL should be followed long-term after repositioning for signs of endothelial loss and dysfunction.
Programmable bio-nano-chip system for saliva diagnostics

This manuscript describes programmable Bio-Nano-Chip (p-BNC) approach that serves as miniaturized assay platform designed for the rapid detection and quantitation of multiple analytes in biological fluids along with the specific applications in salivary diagnostics intended for the point of need (PON). Included here are oral fluid-based tests for local periodontal disease, systemic cardiac disease and multiplexed tests for drugs of abuse.
Establishment of l-arabinose fermentation in glucose/xylose co-fermenting recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST) by genetic engineering

Cost-effective and efficient ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials requires the fermentation of all sugars recovered from such materials including glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and L-arabinose. Wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in industrial ethanol production cannot ferment D-xylose and L-arabinose. Our genetically engineered recombinant S. cerevisiae yeast 424A(LNH-ST) has been made able to efficiently ferment xylose to ethanol, which was achieved by integrating multiple copies of three xylose-metabolizing genes. This study reports the efficient anaerobic fermentation of L-arabinose by the derivative of 424A(LNH-ST). The new strain was constructed by over-expression of two additional genes from fungi L-arabinose utilization pathways. The resulting new 424A(LNH-ST) strain exhibited production of ethanol from L-arabinose, and the yield was more than 40%. An efficient ethanol production, about 72.5% yield from five-sugar mixtures containing glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose was also achieved. This co-fermentation of five-sugar mixture is important and crucial for application in industrial economical ethanol production using lignocellulosic biomass as the feedstock.
The Role of RIB Infarcts in the Acute Chest Syndrome of Sickle Cell Diseases

The acute chest syndrome is a generic term for pulmonary complications of sickle cell diseases with heterogeneous etiologies that include pneumonia, vaso-occlusion of pulmonary arterioles, rib infarction, and fat embolism syndrome. My review summarizes these etiologies, the evidence, and pathophysiology supporting the hypothesis that infarction of segments of ribs by the same vaso-occlusive process responsible for the acute episodes of pain (characteristic of the sickle cell diseases) is often involved in the acute chest structure. Inflammation associated with the infarct then causes splinting, hypoventilation, and hypoxia and further vaso-occlusion. The relationship with adult respiratory distress syndrome and fat embolism is also discussed. Use of the incentive spirometer combined with effective analgesia when chest pain is present is advocated for prevention of the pulmonary infiltrates. Newer understanding of the role of nitric oxide in regulating oxygen transport and its relationship to blood transfusions used in therapy of the acute chest syndrome are discussed.
A Nucleolar Protein That Affects Mating Efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Altering the Morphological Response to Pheromone

SSF1 and SSF2 are redundant essential yeast genes that, when overexpressed, increase the mating efficiency of cells containing a defective Ste4p Gbeta subunit. To identify the precise function of these genes in mating, different responses to pheromone were assayed in cells that either lacked or overexpressed SSF gene products. Cells containing null alleles of both SSF1 and SSF2 displayed the normal transcriptional induction response to pheromone but were unable to form mating projections. Overexpression of SSF1 conferred the ability to form mating projections on cells containing a temperature-sensitive STE4 allele, but had only a small effect on transcriptional induction. SSF1 overexpression preferentially increased the mating efficiency of a strain containing a null allele of SPA2, a gene that functions specifically in cell morphology. To investigate whether Ssf1p plays a direct physical role in mating projection formation, its subcellular location was determined. An Ssf1p-GFP fusion was found to localize to the nucleolus, implying that the role of SSF gene products in projection formation is indirect. The region of Ssf1p-GFP localization in cells undergoing projection formation was larger and more diffuse, and was often present in a specific orientation with respect to the projection. Although the function of Ssf1p appears to originate in the nucleus, it is likely that it ultimately acts on one or more of the proteins that is directly involved in the morphological response to pheromone. Because many of the proteins required for projection formation during mating are also required for bud formation during vegetative growth, regulation of the activity or amount of one or more of these proteins by Ssf1p could explain its role in both mating and dividing cells.
Increased Active Hamstring Stiffness After Exercise in Women With a History of Low Back Pain

Objective: To compare active hamstring stiffness in female subjects with and without a history of low back pain (LBP) after a standardized 20-min aerobic-exercise session. Design: Case control. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 12 women with a history of recurrent episodes of LBP (age = 22.4 ± 2.1 y, mass = 67.1 ± 11.8 kg, height = 167.9 ± 8 cm) and 12 matched healthy women (age = 21.7 ± 1.7 y, mass = 61.4 ± 8.8 kg, height = 165.6 ± 7.3 cm). LBP subjects reported an average 6.5 ± 4.7 on the Oswestry Disability Index. Interventions: Participants walked at a self-selected speed (minimum 3.0 miles/h) for 20 min. The treadmill incline was raised 1% grade per minute for the first 15 min. During the last 5 min, participants adjusted the incline of the treadmill so they would maintain a moderate level of perceived exertion through the end of the exercise protocol. Main Outcome Measures: During session 1, active hamstring stiffness, hamstring and quadriceps isometric strength, and concurrently collected electrom...
Effect of low k dielectrics on electromigration reliability for Cu interconnects

Abstract Multi-link statistical test structures were used to study the effect of low k dielectrics on EM reliability of Cu interconnects. Experiments were performed on dual-damascene Cu interconnects integrated with oxide, CVD low k, porous MSQ, and organic polymer ILD. The EM activation energy for Cu structures was found to be between 0.8 and 1.0 eV, indicating mass transport dominated by diffusion at the Cu/SiNx cap-layer interface, independent of ILD. Compared with oxide, the decrease in lifetime and (jL)c observed for low-k structures can be attributed to less dielectric confinement in the low k structures. An effective modulus B obtained by finite element analysis was used to account for the dielectric confinement effect on EM and found to correlate well with EM lifetime and the (jL)c product of low-k interconnects.