cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Counseling of LGBT Elders

This chapter discusses the complexity of mental health among older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. Mental health issues for LGBT older adults can potentially involve the long-term impact of stigma and discrimination, and the changing view of sexual orientation and gender identity as pathology to non-pathology. This chapter will address both the risk and protective factors that are relevant to mental health counseling of LGBT older individuals, will discuss the history of research and practice related to mental health, and will provide recommendations for creating culturally competent evidence-based training programs for mental health service providers working with LGBT older adults. As well, the chapter provides an overview of specific issues relevant to the LGBT community including depression and anxiety and body image concerns. Interdisciplinary perspectives to service delivery for LGBT older adults are highlighted.
New cannulation technique for the severely calcified ascending aorta

Severe calcific atherosclerosis involving the femoral arteries, ascending aorta, right subclavian artery, and aortic arch precluded standard cannulation techniques for a patient requiring emergency revascularization. A cannula was passed from the apex of the left ventricle across the aortic valve to lie in the proximal ascending aorta, and successful cardiopulmonary bypass was achieved to allow revascularization.
Elimination of drug-resistant myeloma tumor cell lines by monoclonal anti-P-glycoprotein antibody and rabbit complement.

The effectiveness of ex vivo chemotherapy with drugs, such as vincristine, etoposide, and Adriamycin (doxorubicin, Adria Labs, Columbus, OH) for elimination of residual tumor cells from human bone marrow grafts could be undermined by the presence of multidrug- resistant tumor cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, to supplement chemoseparation, we investigated whether MRK-16, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to the surface moiety of multidrug resistance-associated P- glycoprotein antigen, can eliminate drug-resistant tumor cells in the presence of rabbit complement (RC). Two doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant human myeloma tumor cell line, 8226/DOX40 (resistant to 4 x 10(-7) mol/L DOX) and 8226/DOX6 (6 x 10(-8) mol/L DOX) with high and low amounts of cell surface P-glycoprotein, respectively, and the drug- sensitive parent cell line 8226/S were used as tumor models in this study. Using the limiting dilution assay, we have shown that three cycles of treatment with 25 micrograms/mL of MRK-16 MoAb and a 1:4 final dilution of RC eliminated 2.90 +/- 0.10 logs of 8226/DOX40 cells and 1.94 +/- 0.18 logs of 8226/DOX6 cells. One and two cycles of treatment were less effective, eliminating 0.47 +/- 0.40 and 1.94 +/- 0.36 logs of 8226/DOX40 and 0.12 +/- 0.20 and 1.63 +/- 0.58 logs of 8226/DOX6 cells, respectively. The 8226/S cell growth was unaffected by one to three cycles of treatment. The cell kill was not impaired when the antibody plus complement treatment was carried out on a mixture of 8226/DOX40 or 8226/DOX6 cells with a ninefold excess of irradiated bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs). The three cycles of treatment with antibody plus complement did not adversely affect granulocyte- macrophage colony-forming unit (GM-CFU) survival in hematologically normal marrows (92.5% to 104% survival) or in myeloma patient marrows (85% to 100%). These results show that it is possible to eliminate drug- resistant myeloma tumor cell lines from the admixed human bone marrow by treatment with MRK-16 MoAb plus RC. This method could prove to be effective for elimination of other drug-resistant tumor cell lines including those of leukemia and solid tumors, and will be further useful for supplementing chemopurging, and immunopurging of bone marrow with other antitumor cell antibodies.
BECKER, Gay, HEALING THE INFERTILE FAMILY: Strengthening Your Relationship in the Search for Parenthood

BECKER, Gay, HEALING THE INFERTILE FAMILY: Strengthening Your Relationship in the Search for Parenthood. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997, 333 pp., $15.95 softcover. Author Gay Becker is a medical anthropologist interested in the processes couples use to identify, react, and eventually cope with their infertility. In this updated version of the popular ethnography Healing the Infertile Family, the author uses her own personal understanding of infertility to guide her as she interviews several couples over the course of two different studies. The updated version incorporates information gleaned from interviewing one hundred and thirty-four couples and nine women without partners over the course of two years. This book can be divided into three parts. In part one the author notes the importance gender plays in identifying couples how male and female partners cope and resolve infertility. Part two contains many practical suggestions for couples who are struggling with the difficulty of having a child. The final section of the book discusses the role of popular ethnography. In the introduction, Becker poses several research questions including how persistent are gender differences in men and women's response to infertility, how disruptive is infertility, and finally, how does the use of medical technology affect experiences with infertility. Gender differences in perceiving and responding to infertility are discussed within the context of culturally defined gender roles. Chapter One discusses how fertility is tied to identity and even conceptions of masculinity and femininity. The main points of Chapter Two center on how men and women view the process of trying to become pregnant differently. Women set deadlines for becoming pregnant but become more flexible as time passes. Men may not initially feel constrained by time because they can express their masculinity through a provider role, The different ways that men and women deal with the disruption of their identities is the theme of Chapters Three and Four. According to Becker, a woman's identity is closely tied to her ability to reproduce. Infertility interferes with a positive definition of self, creating a more negative view of her body. Because women equate fertility with nurturing, infertility interferes with her ability to express her culturally defined primary role. Men also are impacted by infertility because the ability to procreate is central to definitions of masculinity and ultimately, his sexuality. Men's reactions to infertility are often determined by whether he is the primary reason for the couple's infertility. This is not the case for women who see infertility as a shared problem. Much of the book focuses on how infertility impacts the couple's relationship with themselves and others. …
What Really Happens When Adults Play?: A Call for Examining the Intersection of Psychosocial Spaces, Group Energy, and Purposeful Play

Play is an increasingly popular process for working with groups of adults in a range of contexts. We are increasingly sophisticated in our ability to integrate creative forms of play into our facilitated work with groups, often with excellent outcomes. Experience and research have deepened our understanding of how to design and implement powerful and effective playful scenarios in connection to objectives for adult learning and performance. We are convinced, intuitively and experientially, about the value of play. However, our confidence in the efficacy of play seems not to be matched by clear insights into why and how play actually achieves results. This conceptual article builds a case for the importance of understanding the nature of the influence play has on psychosocial spaces and group energy in the interest of better informing our application of play as a learning intervention. It advocates for designing ways of systematically and qualitatively researching the influence of play as it unfolds in real time. A brief case study of a simple experiment undertaken by the author at a session of the 2016 Playful Learning Conference is described here as a thought-starter for ways we might explore the psychosocial and energetic dynamics fostered when we introduce play as a way of purposefully engaging adult learners.
Blast-Induced Tinnitus and Elevated Central Auditory and Limbic Activity in Rats: A Manganese-Enhanced MRI and Behavioral Study

Blast-induced tinitus is the number one service-connected disability that currently affects military personnel and veterans. To elucidate its underlying mechanisms, we subjected 13 Sprague Dawley adult rats to unilateral 14 psi blast exposure to induce tinnitus and measured auditory and limbic brain activity using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). Tinnitus was evaluated with a gap detection acoustic startle reflex paradigm, while hearing status was assessed with prepulse inhibition (PPI) and auditory brainstem responses (﻿ABR﻿﻿s). Both anxiety and cognitive functioning were assessed using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze, respectively. Five weeks after blast exposure, 8 of the 13 blasted rats exhibited chronic tinnitus. While acoustic PPI remained intact and ABR thresholds recovered, the ABR wave P1-N1 amplitude reduction persisted in all blast-exposed rats. No differences in spatial cognition were observed, but blasted rats as a whole exhibited increased anxiety. MEMRI data revealed a bilateral increase in activity along the auditory pathway and in certain limbic regions of rats with tinnitus compared to age-matched controls. Taken together, our data suggest that while blast-induced tinnitus may play a role in auditory and limbic hyperactivity, the non-auditory effects of blast and potential traumatic brain injury may also exert an effect.
Water Distribution System Classification Using System Characteristics and Graph-Theory Metrics

AbstractThis paper proposes a system-characteristics and graph theory–based water distribution system (WDS) model classification scheme that is based on system function and topology. Various parame...
Terroir in the New World: Hedonic Estimation of Vineyard Sale Prices in California*

In the Old-World vineyards of Europe, a key concept that plays an important role in the production and appreciation of wines is terroir, which refers to the special characteristics of a place that impart unique qualities to the wine produced. We examine whether terroir matters in the New-World wines produced in California's Napa and Sonoma Counties by conducting a hedonic price analysis of vineyard sales over the period 1991 to 2007 to determine the relative effects on vineyard sales prices of designated appellations versus biophysical site attributes commonly associated with terroir, such as slope, aspect, elevation, and climate. Because vineyards that are sold are not necessarily representative of the universe of vineyards, we employ Heckman's two-stage econometric approach to control for possible sample-selection bias. We find that intrinsic site attributes and designated appellations influence vineyard prices, although our results are stronger and more consistent with regard to the influence of appellations. This finding indicates that terroir matters economically, even if the designated appellations have relatively less connection in reality with terroir. (JEL Classifications: C2, Q11)
‘If the students don’t come, or if they don’t finish, we don’t get the money.’ Principals, immigration, and the organisational logic of school choice in Sweden

School choice is associated with increased educational inequality and across-school segregation. This article documents the organisational practices and logics affecting school segregation and ineq...
Clean focus, dose and CD metrology for CD uniformity improvement

Lithography process control solutions require more exacting capabilities as the semiconductor industry goes forward to the 1x nm node DRAM device manufacturing. In order to continue scaling down the device feature sizes, critical dimension (CD) uniformity requires continuous improvement to meet the required CD error budget. In this study we investigate using optical measurement technology to improve over CD-SEM methods in focus, dose, and CD. One of the key challenges is measuring scanner focus of device patterns. There are focus measurement methods based on specially designed marks on scribe-line, however, one issue of this approach is that it will report focus of scribe line which is potentially different from that of the real device pattern. In addition, scribe-line marks require additional design and troubleshooting steps that add complexity. In this study, we investigated focus measurement directly on the device pattern. Dose control is typically based on using the linear correlation behavior between dose and CD. The noise of CD measurement, based on CD-SEM for example, will not only impact the accuracy, but also will make it difficult to monitor dose signature on product wafers. In this study we will report the direct dose metrology result using an optical metrology system which especially enhances the DUV spectral coverage to improve the signal to noise ratio. CD-SEM is often used to measure CD after the lithography step. This measurement approach has the advantage of easy recipe setup as well as the flexibility to measure critical feature dimensions, however, we observe that CD-SEM metrology has limitations. In this study, we demonstrate within-field CD uniformity improvement through the extraction of clean scanner slit and scan CD behavior by using optical metrology.
Endoscopy: Advances in Surgical Treatment

Endoscopy means literally, “to look within, ” which would initially suggest a redundancy, for what do surgeons do but look within? Endoscopy refers, however, to looking within the human body with the aid of telescopes. Of course, there is an entire discipline based upon the use of flexible endoscopes for the visualization of the interior of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts - so-called intraluminal endoscopy, but that is not to be the focus of this chapter. The main form of rigid endoscopy is laparoscopy, which means, “to look into the loins, ” but what was originally known as “coelioscopy ” meaning to look within the coelom (body cavity) or alternatively peritoneoscopy - to look within the peritoneal cavity. A whole host of other neologisms sprung up to describe this new paradigm for surgical intervention, such as “minimally invasive surgery, ” which is something of an oxymoron or, “minimal access surgery, ” which again, seems to be tautologous. The name “laparoscopy ” seems to have caught the imagination of physicians and patients alike, so we shall continue to use it throughout this chapter.
School engagement: what it is and why it is important for positive youth development

The observation that too many students are disengaged from school has inspired interest in the concept of school engagement. However, the growing excitement about school engagement is tempered by numerous conceptual and measurement issues. In this chapter, I briefly reviewed the history of the study of school engagement, summarized some prominent theoretical perspectives in the school engagement literature, discussed why it is important to understand the mechanism through which school engagement promotes positive youth development, and made recommendations on future research directions for this topic. Specifically, I called for a better understanding of and the nuances within the school engagement construct, advocated for the development of school engagement measures with sound psychometric property, and encouraged methodological innovations that can be used to understand the development of school engagement and its implications to positive youth development.
CHAPTER 8 – Interleukin-2

This chapter deals with interleukin -2 (IL-2), which is the prototype member of a family of cytokines that have pleiotropic actions in the immune system. It was a growth factor present in conditioned medium from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated normal human lymphocytes that was able to specifically support the growth of activated normal T lymphocytes in vitro , and were therefore denoted as T cell growth factor (TCGF). The early biochemical characterization of natural IL-2, generation of purified human IL-2 from Jurkat T cells, the subsequent molecular cloning of its cDNA from various mammalian species, and the eventual production, and purification of large quantities of recombinant IL-2 greatly facilitated investigations of this molecule, its signaling pathways, and its actions. The greater severity of defects associated with IL-2Rβ- or γ c -deficiency than those seen in IL-2- or IL-2Rα-deficiency is most likely due to the fact that IL-2 and IL- 2Rα are the unique components in IL-2 system, whereas IL-2Rβ and γ c are shared with other cytokine systems.
Features distinguishing clinically amyopathic juvenile dermatomyositis from juvenile dermatomyositis.

Objective We examined features of clinically amyopathic JDM (CAJDM), in which patients have characteristic rashes with little to no evidence of muscle involvement, to determine whether this is a distinct phenotype from JDM. Methods Demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data from 12 (9 hypomyopathic, 3 amyopathic) patients meeting modified Sontheimer criteria for CAJDM and from 60 matched JDM patients meeting Bohan and Peter criteria were examined. Differences were evaluated by Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests, random forests and logistic regression analysis. Results Nine (75%) CAJDM patients had anti-p155/140 (transcriptional intermediary factor 1), one (8.3%) anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 autoantibodies and two (16.7%) were myositis autoantibody negative. CAJDM patients were younger at diagnosis and frequently had mild disease at onset. CAJDM patients had less frequent myalgias, arthritis, contractures, calcinosis, dysphagia, abdominal pain and fatigue. The muscle, skeletal and overall clinical scores were lower in CAJDM. Serum muscle enzymes were less frequently increased in CAJDM, and peak values were lower. CAJDM patients received fewer medications compared with JDM patients. Only 50% of CAJDM patients received oral prednisone, but the maximum dose and treatment duration did not differ from JDM. At a median follow-up of 2.9 years, CAJDM patients had no documented functional disability, and none developed weakness, calcinosis, interstitial lung disease or lipodystrophy. Multivariable modelling revealed a lower skeletal score and less frequent myalgias as the most important factors in distinguishing CAJDM from JDM. Conclusion CAJDM may be distinguished from JDM, in that they often have p155/140 (transcriptional intermediary factor 1) autoantibodies, have fewer systemic manifestations and receive less therapy.
Univ. of Illinois’ IBA System

The Univ. of Illinois’ IBA (Interleaved Binder and Allocator) system consists of several parts: Illinois Mixed Behavior / Structure Language (IMBSL), which performs data path synthesis; RLEXT (Register Level Exploration Tool), which allows a user to manually modify a Register-Transfer level design, and then automatically repairs any errors or omissions so that the final result matches the specified behavior; COD, a control unit synthesizer; LE (Layout Estimator); and Fasolt, a Register-Transfer level datapath optimizer. See also Univ. of Southern California’s ADAM System — Knapp used to be involved with that system.
Digitalization and the hybridization of markets and circuits in Airbnb.

Digitalization, combined with the proliferation of online review and payment systems, has been integral to the creation of the sharing economy. While the sharing economy has opened industries to ad...
Determining the Orientation and Vibronic Couplings between Electronic and Vibrational Coordinates with Polarization-Selective Two-Dimensional Vibrational-Electronic Spectroscopy.

We experimentally demonstrate polarization-selective two-dimensional (2D) vibrational-electronic (VE) spectroscopy on a transition-metal mixed-valence complex where the cyanide stretching vibration...
Obesity and cardiovascular disease in women

As the prevalence of obesity continues to grow worldwide, the health and financial burden of obesity-related comorbidities grows too. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is clearly associated with increased adiposity. Importantly, women are at higher risk of CVD when obese and insulin resistant, in particular at higher risk of developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and ischemic heart disease. Increased aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor activation, aberrant estrogenic signaling and elevated levels of androgens are among some of the proposed mechanisms explaining the heightened CVD risk. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, understanding nontraditional risk factors specific to women, like excess weight gain during pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and menopause are central to designing personalized interventions aimed to curb the epidemic of CVD. In the present review, we examine the available evidence supporting a differential cardiovascular impact of increased adiposity in women compared with men and the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms behind these differences. We also discuss women-specific cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
Acute Decreases in Sleep Duration Predict In-Season Injuries in Female Youth Soccer Players: A 2-Year Prospective Study

Purpose: Prior efforts to evaluate the effect of sleep on injury risk have been retrospective and failed to account for the potential confounding effects of training load. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether sleep duration is an independent predictor of in-season injury in female youth soccer players. Methods: Adolescent female soccer players (13-18 years) from a single club were monitored for 2 years of formal competition (96 …
Progressive and Traditional Orientations to Prosecution: An Empirical Assessment in Four Prosecutorial Offices:

In recent years, accounts of the so-called progressive prosecutor have been juxtaposed against the more traditional, law-and-order prosecutor in the United States. Yet, little effort has been made ...
Research Track and Focus

Here we describe three types of bias in research that can impede advancement in academic surgery by members of groups who are under represented in medicine (URIM): Content bias; Institutional Bias; and bias based on race and gender. We also describe current efforts to reduce such bias and promote equitable advancement in our field.
Risk reduction and pharmacological strategies to prevent progression of aortic aneurysms.

Introduction While size thresholds exist to determine when aortic aneurysms warrant surgical intervention, there is no consensus on how best to treat this disease before aneurysms reach the threshold for intervention. Since a landmark study in 1994 first suggested s-blockers may be useful in preventing aortic aneurysm growth, there has been a surge in research investigating different pharmacologic therapies for aortic aneurysms-with very mixed results. Areas covered We have reviewed the existing literature on medical therapies used for thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms in humans. These include s-adrenergic blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as well as miscellaneous drugs such as tetracyclines, macrolides, statins, and anti-platelet medications. Expert opinion While multiple classes of pharmacologic agents have been explored for risk reduction in aneurysm disease, with few exceptions results have been disappointing with an abundance of contradictory findings. The vast majority of studies have been done in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms or thoracic aortic aneurysm patients with Marfan Syndrome. There exists a striking gap in the literature when it comes to pharmacologic management of non-Marfan Syndrome patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms. Given the differences in pathogenesis, this is an important future direction for aortic aneurysm research.
A Noninvasive Miniaturized Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitor

Transcutaneous monitoring is a noninvasive method to continuously measure the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide that diffuse through the skin and correlate closely with changes in blood gases. However, the contemporary commercially available electrochemical-based technology requires a heating mechanism and a bulky, corded, and expensive sensing unit. This study aims to demonstrate a prototype noninvasive, miniaturized monitor that uses luminescence-based technology to measure the partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen, a surrogate of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen. To be able to build a robust measurement system, we conducted experiments to understand the temperature and humidity dependence of oxygen-sensitive platinum-porphyrin films. We performed a detailed analysis of both intensity and lifetime measurement techniques. To verify the performance, we tested the prototype in a small ex-vivo experiment involving three healthy human volunteers. We measured variations in the partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen values due to pressure-induced arterial and venous occlusions on the volunteers’ fingertips. The system resolves changes in the partial pressure of oxygen from 0 to 418 mmHg in the lab bench-top testing, covering the medically relevant range of 50-150 mmHg. Under fixed humidity, temperature, and the partial pressure of oxygen conditions, the sensor shows a 2% drift over 60 hours. The prototype consumes 9 mW of power from a 2.2 V external DC power supply.
On the formation of alliances in conflict and contests

This paper examines the problem of the formation of alliances in conflict and, more generally, in contests with three players. Each player possesses an exogenous strategic endowment (e.g., arms, efforts, rent-seeking activity). The outcome of contests, including those between any alliances of players, is governed by a Contest Success Function (CSF). In the three-person/one-cake problem an alliance between two players against the third one will form if and only if the CSF has an increasing returns characteristic. When an alliance forms, there is a tendency to be formed by the weaker players against the strongest player. Similar tendencies exist in other three-person problems that I examine.
NONLINEAR SUPERPOSITION FOR OPERATOR EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents nonlinear superposition for operator equations. The great utility of the ad hoc techniques of the linear theory, such as separability, rests upon the principle of linear superposition. In accordance with that principle, elementary solutions of the equations are combined to yield more flexible ones, namely, solutions that can satisfy initial and boundary conditions arising from modeled phenomena. In nonlinear problems, this linear principle does not apply. However, that is no reason to assert that linear equations have the monopoly of the superposition principle. It is certainly not essential that the upper position be additive to obtain solutions of an equation by composing known solutions. Knowledge of the way to compose a proper number of solutions to arrive at other solutions is required. If such a composition is not linear, it is called a nonlinear superposition principle.
Chemically defined medium for growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens.

A chemically defined medium was developed that could support sporulation and growth of Clostridium perfringens strains ATCC 12916 and H9. This medium consisted of a modification of the basal medium of Boyd et al. plus 0.1% sodium thioglycolate and 0.5% monosodium glutamate. Five other strains grew, but did not sporulate, in this medium. With the addition of more vatamins into the medium, two more strains grew but did not sporulate. The effects of glucose, monosodium glutamate, ammonium glutamate, and sodium thioglycolate on growth and sporulation of C. perfringens ATCC 12916 in the defined medium was investigated. Images
Lichen planus or lichenoid tattoo reaction

A 27-year-old white man with a tattoo of 3 months’ duration was referred for possible laser removal because a pruritic eruption had developed in the tattoo 1 month after placement. Physical examination revealed erythematous papules confined to the red areas of the tattoo ( Fig. 1). He also had flat-topped papules on the glans penis, which the patient stated had developed a few weeks after tattoo placement. Figure 1. Tattoo before treatment, showing involvement of only the red areas Biopsy of a penile lesion revealed a histologic pattern characteristic of lichen planus. Biopsy of the tattoo eruption revealed a lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate with hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, and jagged epidermal hyperplasia. Deposits of black granular material were also present in the upper part of the dermis ( Fig. 2). Figure 2. Histopathology of the tattoo eruption shows a lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate with hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, and jagged epidermal hyperplasia, with deposits of black granular material in the upper dermis During a 2-week follow-up visit, the patient developed more lesions on his arms and legs. After 4 weeks of treatment with halobetasol propionate ointment 0.05% to the tattoo, legs, and arms, all lesions had resolved. The red areas of the tattoo became flat, nonpalpable, and asymptomatic ( Fig. 3). Figure 3. Tattoo after treatment with topical corticosteroids
The Principles of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

The advent of very broad-band highly collimated intense photon beams from high-energy electron storage rings may be reasonably claimed to have revolutionized the applications of photon absorption spectroscopy in the soft-to-intermediate x-ray energy regime. These applications have been found to have considerable usefulness in a wide variety of fields of science owing to the richness of chemical and structural information which may be obtained on analysis of the spectroscopic data. Using synchrotron radiation sources, these spectra may be taken on a time scale of seconds to hours compared to many days of data taking to produce a single spectrum needed with a conventional x-ray tube source.
Exploring the Stress Response in New Army Nurses

EXPLORING THE STRESS RESPONSE IN NEW ARMY NURSES By Laureen Annette Otto, PhD RN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009. Major Director: Mary Jo Grap, PhD RN FAAN Professor, Adult Health and Nursing Systems The study of stress is limited in professional nursing, but it is nearly non-existent in professional military nursing. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among psychological, environmental, biological and demographic factors of stress in new Army nurses during the Army Medical Department’s 8-week Officer Basic Leadership Course (OBLC). Using a descriptive prospective, correlational repeated measures design, 33 study participants completed two psychological stress measures (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS] and the Impact of Event Scale – Revised[IES-R]), an environmental measure (Life Experiences Survey [LES]), a biologic measure (salivary cortisol) and a demographic
How Space Structures Language

As Talmy has observed, language schematizes space; language provides a systematic framework to describe space, by selecting certain aspects of a referent scene while neglecting the others. Here, we consider the ways that space and the things in it are schematized in perception and cognition, as well as in language. We propose the Schematization Similarity Conjecture: to the extent that space is schematized similarly in language and cognition, language will be successful in conveying space. We look at the evidence in both language and perception literature to support this view. Finally, we analyze schematizations of routes conveyed in sketch maps or directions, finding parallels in the kind of information omitted and retained in both.
Inclusive jet cross sections in collisions at √s = 630 and 1800 GeV

We have made a precise measurement of the inclusive jet cross section at √s=1800 GeV. The result is based on an integrated luminosity of 92 pb−1 collected at the Fermilab Tevatron pp Collider with the DO detector. The measurement is reported as a function of jet transverse energy (60 GeV ⩽ ET ⩽ 500 GeV), and in the pseudo-rapidity intervals φηφ ⩽ 0.5 and 0.1 ⩽ φηφ ⩽0.7. A preliminary measurement of the pseudorapidity dependence of inclusive jet production (φηφ < 1.5) is also discussed. The results are in good agreement with predictions from next-to-leading order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD). DO has also determined the ratio of jet cross sections at √s=630 GeV and √s=1800 GeV (φηvb ⩽ 0.5). This preliminary measurement differes from NLO QCD predictions.
Gas-Phase Chemical Reactions of Transition Metal Clusters with Simple Molecules

Chemical reactions of isolated transition metal clusters are studied in a laser-vaporization cluster source coupled to a continuous-flow reactor. Detection of reaction products is via laser ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Experimental probes that have been developed include: 1) kinetics measurements, in which the disappearance of bare cluster signal with increasing reagent gas flow is used to determine absolute reaction rate constants for the addition of the first adsorbate molecule; 2) product composition measurements, in which inferences as to cluster structure and the nature of surface binding sites are derived by determining the total number of adsorbates the clusters can accommodate; 3) laser-induced desorption experiments, from which adsorbate binding energies can be derived; and 4) the observation of actual chemical reactions on cluster surfaces, such as hydrogen/ deuterium exchange or adsorbate photochemistry. In addition, a new experimental procedure has been developed that, in a single series of measurements, provides measures of the first three parameters listed above. A review is given of earlier studies of the reaction of iron clusters with hydrogen. More recent results on the reaction of iron clusters with ammonia, and the reaction of ammoniated iron clusters with hydrogen, are also presented.
ThE ROlE Of ThE SciEnTific cOmmuniTY in SchOOl SciEncE EDucaTiOn

SUMMARY Scientists’ involvement in school science benefits science teachers, students, and the scientists themselves. This article familiarizes scientists with science education literature through research that supports their importance in school science and suggests specific ways scientists can help science teachers. Also, the benefits of scientists’ involvement for science students are discussed. Helpful hints to improve oral scientific talks are presented.
Amino-Terminal Sequences of Some Escherichia coli 30S Ribosomal Proteins and Functionally Corresponding Bacillus stearothermophilus Ribosomal Proteins

Amino-terminal sequences of five purified Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal proteins (S4, S9, S10, S16, and S20) were compared with those of their functionally corresponding Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomal proteins identified previously by the reconstitution technique. An automatic Edman degradation method was used for sequence determinations. The sequence of the first 30 residues is presented, except that only the first 25 residues are shown for the S20 pair. Substantial (40 to 70%) sequence homologies have been observed in every case. The results show that the pairs of functionally equivalent proteins, previously identified by the reconstitution technique, are also chemically related. Thus, the present chemical studies give further support for the previous conclusion that two ribosomes with different properties, 30 S subunits from E. coli and B. stearothermophilus , have the same fundamental structural organization.
Effect of melatonin in vivo upon FSH and LH release from hamster pituitary glands

Abstract The effect of chronic daily afternoon injections of melatonin upon basal and melatonin-modulated release of FSH and LH was investigated in supervised hamster anterior pituitary glands. The basal release rate of both FSH and LH began to decline following the beginning of melatonin injections, and reached a nadir after six weeks. Basal release rate of FSH and LH then began to spontaneously increase and reached a plateau at 13 weeks of injections. The inhibition by melatonin upon FSH and LH release in vitro gradually declined during the period of melatonin injections. After six weeks of melatonin injections the release rate of FSH was no longer suppressed by melatonin superfusion, while the release rate of LH became refractory to melatonin suppression in vitro after nine weeks of melatonin injections. These results demonstrate a change in the release rates of both basal and melatonin-inhibited gonadotropin release during melatonin-induced testicular regression and recrudescence in hamsters.
Amenorrhea-galactorrhea and craniopharyngioma

A 40-year-old woman had a 1-year history of amenorrhea-galactorrhea. She was found to have an intrasellar tumor with suprasellar extension and a prolactin level of 98.1 ng/mL. Subtotal resection of the tumor resulted in a return of the prolactin level to normal within 4 days of the operation and of the prolactin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone, accompanied by the disappearance of the galactorrhea. Histologic examination revealed a typical craniopharyngioma. These observations indicate that one important mechanism of hyperprolactinemia in patients with craniopharyngioma is direct encroachment on the hypothalamus and/or pituitary stalk by the tumor and interruption of prolactin inhibiting factor.
Clinical subtypes of anterocollis in parkinsonian syndromes.

Abstract Background Disproportionate anterocollis is a debilitating condition which occurs in the later stages of parkinsonian syndromes and for which there is no effective therapy. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain its underlying etiology, including myopathy of the cervical extensors, and dystonia of the cervical flexors. Methods We examined the records of 39 patients (8 prospectively) with anterocollis and parkinsonian syndromes to explore demographics, historical and clinical data, findings from electromyography and response to therapies. We classified our patients based on whether or not they were weak on neck extension and also based on primary diagnosis (PD vs atypical parkinsonian syndrome). Demographic, clinical, historical and EMG features are reported for each group. Results There were no significant demographic differences between clinical subtypes, or primary diagnosis. Electromyographic (EMG) findings demonstrated myopathic changes in both groups, although they were more prominent in the group which was weak in extension. Historical features were similar between groups except for dopamine agonist use, which was more common in the myopathic subgroup (p = 0.02). There were no other significant clinical differences between clinical subtypes or primary diagnosis with the exception that patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes had more advanced motor symptoms. Conclusions We conclude that anterocollis is a heterogeneous condition in which at least two distinct subtypes exist. Recognizing these subtypes may help guide therapy and future research.
Imaging of living cells by atomic force microscopy

Abstract The atomic force microscope (AFM, also referred to as the scanning force microscope, SFM) generates images of samples by measuring force interactions between the sample and a small, sharp tip on the end of a flexible cantilever. The general nature of this method permits the investigator to examine a large variety of sample types, including biological specimens. This review will focus on the application of AFM to imaging living cells.
Acute symptomatic ketoacidosis following growth hormone administration in prolonged fasting

Abstract Human growth hormone (HGH) was administered to four obese males after fasts of 26 to 52 days. Within hours after the injection severe postural hypotension, faintness, nausea, vomiting and muscle cramps developed. Improvement occurred spontaneously despite continued fasting. In most instances, serum FFA and ketones rose and blood CO2 content fell, suggesting an exaggeration of the preexisting fasting acidosis. Urinary losses of Na, Ca, Mg and phosphate increased along with a rise in titratable acidity. A concomitant expansion of the exchangeable Na pool suggested mobilization of Na from storage sites, presumably bone. It appears that the precarious clinical adjustment peculiar to prolonged fasting is disturbed by the increasing ketosis resulting from the calorigenic stimulus and lipolytic effect of HGH. Mineral losses and the mobilization of sodium are a sequel to the accentuation of the acidosis and the clinical symptoms result from the redistribution of water and electrolytes among body compartments in marginally depleted subjects.
Optical studies of bulk and homoepitaxial films of III V nitride semiconductors

It is demonstrated that a combination of techniques can be conveniently employed to evaluate the crystalline quality, and to detect, identify, and verify the role of defects and impurities in the structural, optical, and electronic properties of thick freestanding GaN, bulk AlN, and homoepitaxial layers. The sharpness and line-shapes of X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering phonons of AlN and GaN were adequately used as figures of merit to evaluate the crystalline quality and homogeneity of the bulk substrates. Variable temperature photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence were successfully applied to obtain information about the nature of impurity and extended related defects and their pervasive character in bulk and thin homoepitaxial films of AlN and GaN fabricated by different techniques.
Delineation of anthracyclines and herceptin induced cardiotoxicity using contrast enhanced CMR

Background Anthracyclines and Herceptin are well known amongst chemotherapeutic agents to cause cardiotoxicity. Anthracyclines, particularly in combination with, Herceptin are seen in studies to cause cumulative, dose-related, progressive myocardial damage with decrease in left ventricular(LV) ejection fraction (EF) ultimately leading to clinical heart failure, which can be irreversible. There is lack of appropriate guidelines to monitor cardiac function in these patients. We hypothesized that changes in tissue distribution of gadolinium (Gd) and/or myocardial strain identified using (Gd)-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) could help identify early myocardial damage which can lead to systolic dysfunction.
Partial purification and characterization of the glucosidases involved in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides

Abstract A glucosidase preparation with activity toward certain glucose-containing oligosaccharides was partially purified from calf liver membranes by Triton X-100 solubilization and DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The enzyme preparation hydrolyzed the glucose residues from (glucose) 1 ,(mannose) 9 ( N -acetylglucosamine) 1 , and (glucose) 2 (mannose) 9 ( N -acetylglucosamine) 1 but was totally inactive toward (glucose) 3 (mannose) 9 ( N -acetylglucosamine) 1 . In contrast, crude membrane preparations of the calf liver were active toward all three substrates. The partially purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.7 and was very unstable in the absence of added 20% glycerol. The rate of glucose release from the one-and two-glucose-containing oligosaccharides was significantly decreased when four or five of the mannose residues were first removed from the substrate. The release of glucose from (glucose) 1 (mannose) 9 ( N -acetylglucosamine) 1 was inhibited by p -nitrophenyl-α- d -glucoside much more effectively than by p -nitrophenyl-β- d -glucoside, suggesting that this glucose residue may be linked α to the mannose residue. We conclude that during oligosaccharide processing at least two different glucosidases are involved in glucose removal.
College women's experience of stalking: mental health symptoms and changes in routines.

Background Stalking is a serious public health and societal concern affecting many college women. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore college women's experiences of stalking. The specific aims were to compare victims and nonvictims on physical and mental health indicators and to identify lifestyle changes made in response to being stalked. Methods In this cross-sectional design, 601 women from two universities completed a stalking questionnaire, a mental health screening tool, and an injury checklist. Data analysis included frequencies, multivariate analysis of variance, analysis of variance, and χ2 analysis. Results A quarter of the sample reported experiencing stalking, most often by an intimate or dating partner. Individuals who reported experiencing stalking reported significantly more mental health symptoms and lower perceived physical health status than individuals who did not. Victims reported changing routines, behaviors, and activities. Conclusions Psychiatric nurses must be knowledgeable about stalking and its impact on health. Nurses can provide support, services, and community referrals.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Casein Kinase II Substrate, HASPP28, from Rat Brain

Abstract HASPP28 ( h eat- and a cid- s table p hospho p rotein of 28 kDa) has been purified to near homogeneity from the acid-stable protein fraction of rat brain extract. Based on the N-terminal 40 amino acid sequence, a pair of highly degenerate primers was used to generate a 107-bp probe from rat brain RNA by RT–PCR. From the rat brain λgt11 library, this probe identified two positive clones that together provided a cDNA of 837 bp with an open reading frame of 546 bp. This cDNA was extended by 3′RACE to 1.2 kb that included a polyadenylation signal and a poly(A) tail. The 180-amino-acid sequence derived from the open reading frame, which did not correspond to any known protein, was predicted to have phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C, casein kinase II (CKII), and protein kinase A. Indeed, both the purified rat brain HASPP28 and the recombinant HASPP28 (rHASPP28) can be phosphorylated by these kinases. Northern blot analysis indicated that HASPP28 was present in all rat tissues tested, including those from the brain, lung, spleen, kidney, liver, heart, and muscle, in decreasing order of abundance. Phosphopeptide analysis of rHASPP28 phosphorylatedin vitroby various kinases showed different tryptic peptide patterns on two-dimensional mapping and isoelectric focusing gels. From [32P]PO4-labeled N1E115 neuroblastoma cells, HASPP28 can be immunoprecipitated with a polyclonal antiserum raised against rHASPP28. The immunoprecipitated protein showed a phosphopeptide pattern similar to that of rHASPP28 phosphorylated by CK IIin vitro.Furthermore, the immunoprecipitates from cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or 8-bromo-cAMP did not show any increased phosphorylation over those of untreated ones, and the phosphopeptide patterns of the immunoprecipitates again were similar to that of CK II phosphorylated protein. These results suggest that HASPP28 is a novel phosphoprotein that can be phosphorylated by several kinasesin vitro.In intact cells, CK II seems to be solely responsible for the phosphorylation of HASPP28.
The critical unilamellar lipid state: a perspective for membrane bilayer assembly

Etude de l'assemblage des phospholipides (Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, Dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, diolcylphosphatidylcholine et dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine) aboutissant a une bicouche moleculaire avec examen de l'influence de la composition et du stade physique des lipides. Analyse des proprietes des structures ainsi formees: asymetrie de la bicouche, composition lipidique, fluidite membranaire, interaction lipide-proteine membranaire et stabilite