cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Smoking N-Back: A Measure of Biased Cue Processing at Varying Levels of Cognitive Load

INTRODUCTION Recent cognitive models of drug addiction have emphasized attentional bias to drug-related cues. This bias manifests as increased accessibility to affect-laden drug-related content relative to less emotionally evocative stimuli and ideation. We examined whether biased processing of smoking-related content would differentially affect performance on a cognitive task as a function of smoking status and task complexity. METHODS Twenty-one smokers and 15 nonsmokers completed increasingly difficult 1-, 2-, and 3-back versions of the Smoking N-back task. RESULTS There were no reaction time effects that included smoking status nor was there an effect for accuracy on the 1-back task. However, smokers showed poorer accuracy on matched trials relative to nonmatched trials for smoking words on the 2- and 3-back tasks, which involve more effortful cognitive processing. Among nonsmokers, this effect was present within the 3-back condition only. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cognitive bias to drug-related cues may be modulated by task complexity. Future research on cognitive bias should better account for this factor. Additional research will be needed to validate these findings by controlling for various potential confounds (e.g., nicotine withdrawal, task fatigue) as well as determine the clinical relevance of cognitive bias across varying levels of task complexity.
Fluid flow, heat transfer, and solidification near tri-junctions

Abstract Steady, two-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer are considered near tri-junctions at which solidification is occurring. Meniscus-defined configurations as well as closed configurations such as directional solidification are examined. The local wedge geometry admits separable solutions in plane polar coordinates. Over the class of functions which have bounded temperatures and velocities at the corner, local solutions, those which satisfy all local boundary conditions, and partial local solutions, those which satisfy all but the normal-stress boundary condition, are considered. The aim in this work is to describe local fluid flow and heat transfer in problems where solidification is occurring by identifying singularities in the heat flux and stress which are present at the tri-junction, determining the dependence of these singularities on the wedge angles, and determining when specific wedge geometries are selected. It is found that the locally dominant flow is that due to the expansion or contraction of the material upon solidification.
Drought as a Trigger for Rapid State Shifts in Kettle Ecosystems: Implications for Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change

Global climate change has raised important questions about ecosystem resilience and the likelihood of unexpected and potentially irreversible ecosystem state shifts. Conceptual models provide a framework for generating hypotheses about long-term ecosystem processes and their responses to external perturbations. In this article, we review the classic model of autogenic peatland encroachment into closed-basin kettle lakes (terrestrialization) as well as studies that document patterns of terrestrialization that are inconsistent with this hypothesis. We then present a new conceptual model of episodic, drought-triggered terrestrialization, which is consistent with existing data and provides a mechanism by which climatic variability could cause non-linear patterns of peatland development in these ecosystems. Next, we review data from comparative studies of kettle lakes along a peatland-development gradient to explore potential ecological and biogeochemical consequences of non-linear patterns of terrestrialization. Finally, we identify research approaches that could be used to test conceptual models of terrestrialization, investigate the ecological implications of non-linear patterns of peatland development, and improve our ability to predict responses of kettle systems to climate changes of the coming decades and century.
Etiological aspects of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: results of a case comparison study

We report the results of a parental questionnaire concerning possible etiological and teratological factors, such as exposure to herbicides, in the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The herbicide Nitrofen interferes with lung development in rats, can induce diaphragmatic hernia and greatly resembles thyroid hormone. No association with the studied teratogens nor with maternal thyroid dysfunction was found. The questionnaire was completed by 33 parents whose baby had CDH, and by 43 couples whose baby had oesophageal atresia. The resemblance of Nitrofen to thyroid hormone, a well-known growth factor for the developing lung, is of particular interest from a pathogenetic point of view in the development of CDH.
Light hydrocarbons in Red Sea brines and sediments

Abstract Light hydrocarbon (C1-C3) concentrations in the water from four Red Sea brine basins (Atlantis II, Suakin, Nereus and Valdivia Deeps) and in sediment pore waters from two of these areas (Atlantis II and Suakin Deeps) are reported. The hydrocarbon gases in the Suakin Deep brine (T = ~ 25°C, Cl − = ~ 85‰ , CH 4 = ~ 71 1 ) are apparently of biogenic origin as evidenced by C 1 (C 2 + C 3 ) ratios of ~ 1000. Methane concentrations (6–8 μl/l) in Suakin Deep sediments are nearly equal to those in the brine, suggesting sedimentary interstitial waters may be the source of the brine and associated methane. The Atlantis II Deep has two brine layers with significantly different light hydrocarbon concentrations indicating separate sources. The upper brine (T = ~ 50°C, Cl − = ~ 73‰ , CH4 = ~ 155 μl/l) gas seems to be of biogenic origin [ C 1 (C 2 + C 3 ) = ~1100 ], whereas the lower brine (T = ~ 61°C, Cl − = ~ 155‰ , CH4 = ~ 120μl/l) gas is apparently of thermogenic origin [ C 1 (C 2 + C 3 ) = ~ 50 ]. The thermogenic gas resulting from thermal cracking of organic matter in the sedimentary column apparently migrates into the basin with the brine, whereas the biogenic gas is produced in situ or at the seawater-brine interface. Methane concentrations in Atlantis II interstitial waters underlying the lower brine are about one half brine concentrations; this difference possibly reflects the known temporal variations of hydrothermal activity in the basin.
Elastic interaction of a crack with a microcrack array—II. Elastic solution for two crack configurations (piecewise constant and linear approximations)

Abstract The approach to crack-microcrack array interaction problems developed in Part I is applied here to two configurations involving one and two microcracks. These configurations, although simple, exhibit the important effects of stress ‘shielding’ and stress ‘amplification’ (reduction or increase of the effective stress intensity factor due to the presence of microcracks) occurring in more complex microcrack arrays; they also illustrate the refinements introduced by higher order polynomial approximations.
Thermophysical properties of MgO, UO2 their eutectic solution and slurry of liquid-solid mixtures, concrete, sodium, stainless steel and debris beds for use in molten pool penetration of MgO substrate

Abstract We have prescribed various thermophysical and transport properties to describe various thermal states of the materials of interest such as MgO, UO 2 , stainless steel, sodium, and concrete undergo during post accident heat removal (PAHR) in an ex-vessel cavity lined with MgO bricks. A number of properties, especially of molten MgO, had no experimental determination and therefore, by necessity, these were prescribed through available “best” estimates. We have also included the equivalent properties of various “composite” materials such as debris beds with a prescribed composition, solutions, and slurries to describe their participation in various thermophysical phenomena of interest in PAHR.
Prism coupling into ZnS waveguides: a classic example of a nonlinear coupler

Prism coupling of an argon laser into a nonlinear ZnS waveguide was investigated for power slew rates much less than the nonlinearity relaxation time. The angular variation in coupling efficiency becomes progressively more asymmetric with increasing power until switching occurs on one side of the curve. For large detunings on the switching side, increasing absorption bistability was observed.
“Have you understood anything I’ve said?”: The Dick Cavett Show, Jimi Hendrix, and the framing of the black counterculture in 1969

This article examines the role of Jimi Hendrix in the late 1960s as a vessel of the Black Atlantic, what Paul Gilroy describes as the counterculture to modernity. Placed against the backdrop of The Dick Cavett Show, a newly created talk show in 1969 hosted by the white liberal Dick Cavett, this article explores the dialogue between host and guitarist in an attempt to trace the longue duree assumptions and ideological patterns of modernity and its late 1960s repercussions at the end of the American Civil Rights movement. Using the theories of Gilroy, James Baldwin, Raymond Williams, and Jacques Attali, I outline how the two visits of Hendrix on The Dick Cavett Show were analogous to larger patterns coursing through American society as popular institutions such as television and film formed important bulwarks against not only the countercultural ideas of the 1960s, but the more radical sets of ideas that increasingly took aim at the institutional nature of US racial capitalism and modernity itself. While Th...
The soft mode in the Dicke model

Abstract We compute the normal modes and frequencies for small oscillations of the order parameters around their thermal equilibrium values in the Dicke model. An eigenfrequency goes to zero linearly in the reduced temperature at the critical temperature. The soft mode determines the initial bifurcation direction for the formation of an ordered state. We also compute the dynamic susceptibility tensor.
Prolonged contraction of mosquito digestive tract in vitro with partial development of oocysts of Plasmodium relictum

1. 1. Gut tissue from adult mosquitoes has been kept contracting in culture for as long as 5 weeks. 2. 2. Oocysts of Plasmodium relictum attached to the stomach wall of Culex stigmatosoma and of Culex tarsalis will develop under suitable culture conditions for 4 or 5 days and undergo a threefold increase in size. The rate of development is below that of in vivo controls. 3. 3. The metabolic needs of the developing oocyst differ from those of the host tissue. 4. 4. The factors which may be limiting the growth of the oocyst in vitro are discussed.
Mandibuloacral Dysplasia Caused by LMNA Mutations and Uniparental Disomy.

Mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, skeletal malformations, and mottled cutaneous pigmentation. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is characterized by the clinical features of accelerated aging in childhood. Both MAD and HGPS can be caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. In this study, we describe a 2-year-old boy with overlapping features of MAD and HGPS. Mutation analysis of the LMNA gene revealed a homozygous missense change, p.M540T, while only the mother carries the mutation. Uniparental disomy (UPD) analysis for chromosome 1 showed the presence of maternal UPD. Markers in the 1q21.3–q22 region flanking the LMNA locus were isodisomic, while markers in the short arm and distal 1q region were heterodisomic. These results suggest that nondisjunction in maternal meiosis followed by loss of the paternal chromosome 1 during trisomy rescue might result in the UPD1 and homozygosity for the p.M540T mutation observed in this patient.
GLUCOCORTICOID ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS PROGESTERONE ANALOGS: CORRELATION BETWEEN SPECIFIC BINDING IN THYMUS AND LIVER AND BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY*

When tested in an in vitro assay system, progesterone and various analogs of this steroid were shown to compete with [3H] triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for specific glucocorticoid receptors in both rat liver and thymus. Of these analogs, the following derivatives of progesterone were potent competitors of TA binding and, when injected into adrenalectomized rats, induced regression of the thymus and marked increases in hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity: 11 beta-hydroxyl, 6 alpha-methyl, 6 alpha, 16 alpha-dimethyl, and 6 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-hydroxyl. In contrast, progesterone, 16 alpha-methyl, and 17 alpha-hydroxy progesterone competed with TA in vitro but failed to elicit either gluco- or antiglucocorticoid activity in vivo. Also, we observed that the oral contraceptive 6 alpha-methyl-17-(1-propynyl)testosterone competes very effectively with TA in a cell-free preparation of rat liver and induces an increase in hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity. The 11 beta-hydroxyl group has previously been thought to be essential for glucocorticoid activity. Our studies indicate that substitution of progesterone or testosterone with a 6 alpha-methyl group negates the need for an 11 beta-hydroxyl substitutuent as a prerequisite for glucocorticoid activity.
Experimental Studies of the Omnitron Electrical Components

A prototype resonator has been built and is under study. It tunes from 6.8 to 33 MHz and is designed to produce an accelerating gap voltage of 60 kV at 20 Mc. Sixty 30-in. -diam by 1/2-in.-thick ferrite discs are used. The resonator is excited by a final amplifier using an RCA 4616 tube designed to deliver a peak RF power of 300 kW. The paper also discusses studies of the RF drive train and the master oscillator, which tunes continuously from 1.5 to 33 MHz. It is a beat-frequency oscillator using a crystal-controlled fixed oscillator and a varactor-tuned variable oscillator. A ferrite magnet system, also under study, contains a coaxial, lumped-constant pulse line with a hydrogen thyratron switch tube coupled to a ferrite magnet. The pulse line uses ceramic capacitors and operates at one atmosphere of SF6. The rise time is 100 ns, the pulse width 5 Lsec, and the repetition rate 60 pps. Peak instantaneous power during the pulse is 200 MW; average power is 65 kW.
A class of power indices for voting games

A class of power indices is discussed which includes not only the usual power indices but also the class of semivalues and the indices introduced byDeegan/Packel [1978]. Sufficient conditions for members of this class to be symmetric, support-independent, and self-dual are given. We then discuss various conditions under which members of this class coincide with the ShapleyShubik and Banzhaf indices.
Immunocompetent Properties of Human Osteoblasts: Interactions With T Lymphocytes

We sought to determine whether osteoblasts (OBs) can serve as accessory cells (ACs) for T-cell activation and whether T cells directly activate OB production of IL-6, using primary human OBs (NHOst), the transformed fetal osteoblast line hFOB1.19, and an osteosarcoma line SaOS-2. Robust, bidirectional activating interactions were shown using each of these three human ostoblast lines. Introduction: Osteoblasts (OBs) could come into contact with lymphocytes during inflammatory joint destruction and fracture repair. Materials and Methods: We used several in vitro assays to assess the ability of T cells and OBs to interact in the generation of immune and inflammatory responses. Results: By flow cytometry, three OB cell lines all were found to express ligands for T-cell co-stimulation. The integrin ligand CD54/ICAM-1 was constitutively expressed by hFOB1.19 and NHOst and was upregulated on SaOS-2 by IFN-γ. MHC Class II was upregulated on all three lines by IFN-γ. CD166/ALCAM, a ligand of the T-cell molecule CD6, was constitutively expressed on all three lines. A second putative CD6 ligand designated 3A11 was expressed on hFOB1.19 and NHOst, but not consistently on SaOS-2. The ectoenzyme CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) was expressed on hFOB1.19 and NHOst, but not on SaOS-2. All three cell lines presented superantigen to T cells, especially after treatment with IFN-γ. Superantigen presentation was inhibited by antibodies to the leukocyte integrin CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1), MHC Class II, and CD54/ICAM-1. T cells, particularly when cytokine activated for 7 days before co-culture, stimulated all three osteoblast lines to produce interleukin (IL)-6, and this effect was boosted when IL-17 was added to the co-cultures with either resting T cells or cytokine-activated T cells. Conclusions: Bidirectional activating interactions are readily shown between human T cells and several types of human OBs. The expression by OBs of ligands for the T cell-specific molecule CD6, as well as other molecules involved in immune interactions, strongly suggests that such in vitro interactions are representative of physiologic or pathologic events that occur in vivo.
Effects of temperature on the hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized β‐galactosidase in a capillary bed reactor

The effects of temperature on the hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase were studied in a continuous flow capillary bed reactor. Temperature affects the rates of enzymatic reactions in two ways. Higher temperatures increase the rate of the hydrolysis reaction, but also increase the rate of thermal deactivation of the enzyme. The effect of temperature on the kinetic parameters was studied by performing lactose hydrolysis experiments at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 degrees C. The kinetic parameters were observed to follow an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence. Galactose mutarotation has a significant impact on the overall rate of lactose hydrolysis. The temperature dependence of the mutarotation of galactose was effectively modelled by first-order reversible kinetics. The thermal deactivation characteristics of the immobilized enzyme reactor were investigated by performing lactose hydrolysis experiments at 52, 56, 60, and 64 degrees C. The thermal deactivation was modelled effectively as a first order decay process. Based on the estimated thermal deactivation rate constants, at an operating temperature of 40 degrees C, 10% of the enzyme activity would be lost in one year.
State Space Modeling and Simulation of Sensorless Control of Brushless DC Motors Using Instantaneous Rotor Position Tracking

This paper presents a state space modeling, simulation and control of permanent magnet brushless DC motors. By reading the instantaneous position of the rotor as an output of the state space mathematical model, the motor can be controlled without the need for any external sensors or position detection techniques. Simulink is utilized, with the assistance of Matlab, to approach a very flexible, yet reliable simulation. The simulation has two especial features. First of all, it does not exploit any block from SimPowerSystems toolbox to avoid the need for a high performance processor, large space memory and long simulation time. Secondly, the simulation allows for twenty motor specifications to be selected by the user and twenty variables to be monitored at the output. This feature helps verifying the effect of every single entry on the motor performance.
Oral-aboral axis specification in the sea urchin embryo, IV: hypoxia radializes embryos by preventing the initial spatialization of nodal activity.

Abstract The oral–aboral axis of the sea urchin embryo is specified conditionally via a regulated feedback circuit involving the signaling gene nodal and its antagonist lefty. In normal development nodal activity becomes localized to the prospective oral side of the blastula stage embryo, a process that requires lefty. In embryos of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a redox gradient established by asymmetrically distributed mitochondria provides an initial spatial input that positions the localized domain of nodal expression. This expression is perturbed by hypoxia, leading to development of radialized embryos lacking an oral–aboral axis. Here we show that this radialization is not caused by a failure to express nodal, but rather by a failure to localize nodal activity to one side of the embryo. This occurs even when embryos are removed from hypoxia at late cleavage stage when nodal is first expressed, indicating that the effect involves the initiation phase of nodal activity, rather than its positive feedback-driven amplification and maintenance. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of MitoTracker Orange-labeled embryos expressing nodal-GFP reporter gene revealed that hypoxia abolishes the spatial correlation between mitochondrial distribution and nodal expression, suggesting that hypoxia eliminates the initial spatial bias in nodal activity normally established by the redox gradient. We propose that absent this bias, the initiation phase of nodal expression is spatially uniform, such that the ensuing Nodal-mediated community effect is not localized, and hence refractory to Lefty-mediated enforcement of localization.
A New Approach for the Establishment of Fish Consumption Advisories

Abstract A new method is presented for developing fish consumption advisories for the Great Lakes region. The method employs risk assessment techniques for carcinogens found in fish and translates total risks into a point value for a particular species over various size ranges. The fish consumer selects a desired excess lifetime cancer risk that corresponds to a given number of total points offish meals per year. The approach permits individuals to keep track of their fish consumption and potential risks and readily identify fish having reduced human health risks. Advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.
Shunt revision versus additional tube shunt implantation after failed tube shunt surgery in refractory glaucoma

Abstract PURPOSE: To compare tube shunt revision with additional tube shunt after failed tube shunt surgery. METHODS: We identified 281 patients who underwent a primary tube shunt procedure from 1985 to 1998 at Indiana University and reviewed 33 eyes of 33 patients that had failed and required further surgery. Shunt revision was performed in 12, whereas an additional shunt was placed in 21 eyes. Intraocular pressure, antiglaucoma medications, visual acuity, and complications were noted. Success was defined as at least a 25% reduction in intraocular pressure that was deemed clinically adequate. Qualified success was defined as a 25% intraocular pressure reduction but with additional medications or a significant reduction in medications with stable intraocular pressure for preoperative intraocular pressure less than 21 mm Hg. RESULTS: Preoperative intraocular pressures (mean ± 95% confidence interval) for the revision and additional tube groups were 28.8 ± 5.8 mm Hg and 29.8 ± 2.7 mm Hg ( P = .73), with an average follow-up period of 25.2 months (range, 3 to 108 months) and 34.8 months (range, 6 to 84 months), respectively. Final mean intraocular pressure was 25.3 ± 6.7 mm Hg for the revision group and 17.7 ± 3.4 mm Hg for the additional tube group ( P = .037). Forty-two percent in the revision group versus 62% in the additional tube group achieved at least a qualified success ( P = .30, Fisher exact test). Corneal edema was a common complication, especially in the additional tube group. Limitations of this study include the small sample sizes and the uneven distribution of neovascular glaucoma between the two groups (six of 12 in the revision group vs two of 21 in the additional tube group; P = .015, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Our series showed that after failed tube shunt surgery, an additional tube shunt offers better intraocular pressure control than revision by excision of an encapsulated bleb.
Neurohumoral activation during exercise in congestive heart failure.

Abstract Neurohumoral factors were assessed in 14 subjects with chronic, stable New York Heart Association functional class II or III congestive heart failure and nine comparably aged normal subjects at rest and during moderate (50 W) and strenuous (100 W) upright exercise. Heart failure was associated with elevated plasma renin activity and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations at rest. However, plasma renin activity almost doubled (from 4.7 ± 0.6 to 8.4 ± 1.1 ng/ml per hour) during strenuous exercise in subjects with heart failure, and changed only minimally in normal control subjects. Plasma ADH concentration did not change during exercise in the presence of heart failure, but rose in normal subjects during strenuous exercise to levels comparable to those of subjects with heart failure. Similar plasma osmolality values were present in both groups. Circulating norepinephrine concentrations were insignificantly elevated by heart failure both at rest and during exercise, and plasma epinephrine concentrations were similar. These findings suggest independent neurohumoral activation during exercise in the presence of congestive heart failure, with predominant activation of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone axis.
Blind source separation using the maximum signal fraction approach

It is shown that the independent components required to separate linearly mixed sources may be obtained by solving the generalized singular vector equation associated with a maximum signal fraction approach. This perspective permits the identification of a variational problem for blind source separation.
Sequence specificity of the non-natural pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside in triple helix formation

The non-natural pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside F, which pairs preferentially with guanine (G) and adenine (A) within double-helical DNA, recognizes with high selectivity AT base pairs within triple-helical complexes. These observations suggest that F may exist in different tautomeric forms within double-helical and triple-helical complexes. Analysis of the base stacking properties of this extended ring system using two oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing terminal thymines and/or pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines bound to adjacent sites showed a decrease in free energy of binding in a triple-helical complex in the order (5′ – 3′) TT > FT > TF > FF.
Employing Review Procedures in Elaboration of Prose Schemata

The effect of review procedures on recall of prose was investigated. After reading a passage, 42 undergraduate volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, those receiving questions following reading, those receiving interactive questions following reading, and a control. After the review session, subjects in all three conditions completed a free recall of the original passage. One week later, all subjects returned and another free recall was obtained. For repeated-measures univariate analyses of variance showed significant effects for groups, time, and their interaction in logical intrusions. The results support the notion that review procedures elaborate schemata and enhance recall.
Injury Severity and Likelihood in Warnings

Two experiments examined the influence of injury likelihood and severity in warnings on product hazard perceptions (Experiment 1) and behavioral compliance (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, particip...
Vibration welding of thermoplastics. Part III: Strength of polycarbonate butt welds

In vibration welding of thermoplastics, frictional work done by vibrating two parts under pressure, along their common interface, is used to generate heat to effect a weld. The main process parameters are the weld frequency, the amplitude of the vibratory motion, the weld pressure, and the weld time or weld penetration; The effects of these parameters on weld quality were systematically studied by first butt-welding polycarbonate specimens under controlled conditions over a wide range of process parameters, and by then determining the strengths and ductilities of these welds by tensile tests, A significant result is the apparent existence of a weld-penetration threshold above which high weld strengths are attained, but below which the strength drops off. Under the right conditions, the strengths of polycarbonate butt welds are shown to equal the strength of the virgin polymer.
CHALLENGING PSEUDOSCIENTIFIC BELIEFS: SURVEYING EVIDENCE FOR EXOTIC CLAIMS " '

We carried out a preliminary survey to examine what popular beliefs and claims are most readily accepted among our college students and to compare these responses with the results of similar questionnaires taken in other pans of the country. Ratings for 70 statements dealing with topics in science and pseudoscience were obtained from 330 UH-Hilo college students and 40 UH-Hilo college faculty over a 5-year period. The results are compared to similar statements from four other surveys.
Period doubling toward chaos in a driven magnetic macrospin

Abstract The Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation is analyzed in the case of a configuration involving easy plane isotropy under the influence of a sinusoidally oscillating magnetic field and a demagnetizing field. Through the use of numerical techniques, chaotic behavior is found and analyzed. By reducing the system to a discrete map (numerically), bifurcation diagrams for the system are computed. The system is found to exhibit a period doubling cascade route to chaos, and it obeys certain convergence rules for chaotic transitions outlined by Feigenbaum. A connection is drawn between the route to chaos and the geometry of the system, and comparisons are made with similar systems. Within the chaotic regime, windows of arbitrarily large period are suspected to exist, and explicitly illustrated and discussed for a period three window.
Heisenberg in the “Public Sphere”

Drawing on extensive research and interviews, Carson offers a detailed yet accessible consideration of Heisenberg's roles in postwar Germany.
Observations on the Age and Growth of Graysby and Coney from the Southeastern United States

Abstract The graysby Epinephelus cruentatus and coney E. fulvus are two uncommon groupers occurring off the southeastern coast of the United States. Limited recreational fishery data suggest that graysbies are being landed with increasing frequency in the area. From 1979 to 1997, 118 graysbies and 55 coneys were collected from the headboat fishery operating from North Carolina through the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Ages were estimated using transverse sections of sagittal otoliths. Graysbies ranged in total length (TL) from 180 to 405 mm and in age from 4 to 13 years. Coneys ranged from 150 to 397 mm TL and from 2 to11 years old. Growth of the graysby is represented by the following models derived from back-calculated lengths (L) at ages (t) and observed lengths at ages, respectively: Lt = 451(1 − e −0.12(t+1.24)) and Lt = 446(1 − e −0.13(t+1.51)). Coneys grew faster and had a smaller theoretical maximum size than graysbies: From back-calculated lengths at ages, Lt = 372(1 − e −0.32(t−0.20)), and from observe...
Hydrodearomatization of liquid paraffins on palladized zeolite catalysts

The authors determine the influence of the SiO/sub 2/:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ mole ratio in the NaY support of palladium-containing catalysts on the efficiency of hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleumderived liquid paraffins obtained by adsorption in a fluidized bed of zeolite. Catalyst preparation and the details of the experimental set up are described. The authors calculated the regression coefficients of the equations describing the conversion of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the liquid paraffin as a function of the independent process variables. An increase in the SiO/sub 2/:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ ratio from 3.8 to 5 in the skeleton of the zeolite support of palladium-containing catalysts, under otherwise equal conditions, leads to a substantial increase in the conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid paraffins. These data can be used in developing a palladium/zeolite catalyst for the hydrodearomatization of liquid paraffins.
Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA: evidence for four populations of molecules that differ in the relative orientations of their long and short components.

Abstract Intact DNA molecules extracted from HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus 1, human herpes virus 1) strain MP virions have a molecular weight of approximately 97 X 10(6), but cleavage with the HinIII restriction enzyme yields fourteen fragments with summed molecular weights of 160 X 10(6). Six "major" fragments occur once in every molecule in the population and account for 60% of the genetic information. Four "minor" fragments are present in amounts equivalent to one copy for every two genomes (0.5 molar ratio) and the other four occur only once in every four molecules (0.25 molar ratio). The minor fragments can be arranged into four equimolar sets, each with summed molecular weights that account for the remaining 40% of the genome. Treatment with lambda 5' exonuclease revealed that all molecules contain 0.5 molar ratio fragments at both termini. These observations and the results of similar analyses of the EcoRI and double HinIII/EcoRI digests indicate that there are four distinct structural forms of HSV DNA which differ only in the relative orientations of two subregions, designated L and S. The L and S segments consist of 82 and 18% of the sequences, respectively, and each has inverted terminally redundant regions that correspond to the internal duplications observed by electron microscopy. The DNA from other strains of HSV-1 and 2 also consists of equal proportions of all four possible permutations of the L and S segments. These unusual features of HSV DNA molecules have novel implications with regard to the genetic map and the mode of replication and evolution of herpes simples viruses.
Temperature Dependence of the Cyclotron Resonance Absorption of Electrons in AgBr

The temperature dependence of the cyclotron mass and mobility of electrons in zone-refined AgBr has been measured from 5 to 22 °K. The electron mobility, measured at 55 GHz, approaches 6 × 105cm2/Vs at 5 °K (ωc τ ≈ 30). The measurements indicate that there are two types of zone-refined AgBr the difference arising from the relative electron and hole trap densities. The bulk of our experiments were performed on material where the electron traps are dominant. In this material the mass change with temperature is exponential with an activation energy (95 °K) nearly equal to the binding energy of the n = 2 bound state of the electron traps. The same 95 °K activation energy is also observed in the temperature dependence of the mobility. The exponential temperature dependence of both the mass and the mobility can be explained as arising from a resonant scattering of the electron by the traps with the aid of a virtual phonon. The AgBr where the hole traps dominate, on the other hand, shows a linear temperature dependence of the effective mass that is in agreement with what is expected of an electron moving in a polarizable continuum. Nous avons mesure la variation avec la temperature de la masse cyclotronique et de la mobilite des electrons dans le AgBr purifie par zones. Nous avons convert l'interval de temperatures de 5 a 22 °K. A 55 GHz et a 5 °K la mobilite des electrons approche 6 × 105 cm2/Vs (ωcτ ≈ 30). Nos mesures indiquent qu'il y a deux types de AgBr: cibles ou le nombres de pieges pour electrons est superieur a celui pour les trous et vice versa. La plupart de nos niesures a ete faite sur des cibles du premier type. Dans ces cibles la variation de la masse effective avec la temperature est exponentielle avec une energie d'actiration (95 °K ) qui est presque egale a l'energie de l'etat, n = 2 des electrons pieges. La měme energie est aussi observee dans la mobilite. La dependence de la temperature de la masse et de la mobilite peut ětre expliquee en supposant une diffusion resonante des electrons par les impuretes avec echange d'un phonon virtuel. Par contre dans le AgBr ou les pieges pour trous sont dominants la masse effective des electrons depend linearement de la temperature comme prevu par la theorie du polaron.
Multi-grid Monte Carlo (III). Two-dimensional O(4)-symmetric non-linear σ-model

Abstract We study the dynamic critical behavior of the multi-grid Monte Carlo (MGMC) algorithm with piecewise-constant interpolation applied to the two-dimensional O(4)-symmetric non-linear σ -model [ = SU(2) principal chirral model]], on lattices up to 256×256. We find a dynamic critical exponent z int , M 2 = 0.60±0.07 for the W-cycle and z int , M 2 = 1.13±0.11 for the V-cycle, compared to z int , M 2 = 2.0±0.15 for the single-site heat-bath algorithm (subjective 68% confidence intervals). Thus, for this asymptotically free model, critical slowing-down is greatly reduced compared to local algorithms, but not completely eliminated. For a 256×256 lattice, W-cycle MGMC is about 35 times as efficient as a single-site heat-bath algorithm.
Unsteady propagation of a liquid plug in a liquid-lined straight tube.

This paper considers the propagation of a liquid plug driven by a constant pressure within a rigid axisymmetric tube whose inner surface is coated by a thin liquid film. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the finite-volume method and the SIMPLEST algorithm. The effects of precursor film thickness, initial plug length, pressure drop across the plug, and constant surface tension on the plug behavior and tube wall mechanical stresses are investigated. As a plug propagates through a liquid-lined tube, the plug gains liquid from the leading front film, and it deposits liquid into the trailing film. If the trailing film is thicker (thinner) than the precursor film, the plug volume decreases (increases) as it propagates. For a decreasing volume, eventually the plug ruptures. Under a specific set of conditions, the trailing film thickness equals the precursor film thickness, which leads to steady state results. The plug speed decreases as the precursor film thins because the resistance to the moving front meniscus increases. As the pressure drop across the plug decreases, the plug speed decreases resulting in thinning of the trailing film. As the plug length becomes longer, the viscous resistance in the plug core region increases, which slows the plug and causes the trailing film to become even thinner. The magnitude of the pressure and shear stress at the tube inner wall is maximum in the front meniscus region, and it increases with a thinner precursor film. As the surface tension increases, the plug propagation speed decreases, the strength of the wall pressure in the front meniscus region increases, and the pressure gradient around the peak pressure becomes steeper.
On a New Argentinian Mite, Diphtheroglyphus maculata n. sp., n. gen., and the Taxonomic Position of the Family Pontoppidanidae Oudms. 1925

In the winter of 1939 a sample of mites from salted steer hides was sent to me from Buenos Aires for identification with the note that they were present in great numbers in this habitat. As upon examination these appeared to constitute a new species sufficiently unlike the existing representatives of the genus Pontoppidania to preclude its inclusion in that group, the erection of a new, but closely allied genus, seemed to be warranted. Because of the peculiar nature of its habitat and because of its association with hides the name Diphtheroglyphus has been given to this group.
Thrombocytosis More Common in Acute Rejection or Infection in the First 30 Days Post Lung Transplantation

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if thrombocytosis (>450 K/microL) predicted the development of acute rejection or infection on diagnostic bronchoscopy in the first 30 days post lung transplant. Methods and Materials The study was performed at a single center and consisted of a cohort of 333 lung transplant recipients from January 2000 to December 2010. Acute rejection was graded using standard ISHLT criteria. The transbronchial biopsy results taken during the first 30 days post transplant were correlated to the corresponding platelet count. A retrospective chart review at that time also determined if any pulmonary infections were present as evidenced by positive bronchoalveolar lavage, blood cultures, and radiographic abnormalities. Comparisons were made utilizing independent group T test and logistic regression. Results A platelet count greater than 450 K/microL was highly predictive of acute rejection and/ or underlying pneumonia with a p value of Conclusions These results confirm that thrombocytosis acts as acute phase reactant and is a predictor of either acute rejection or infection in the first 30 days post lung transplant. It should hence be used as a predictor for the impending development or occult presence of rejection or infection in this population and prompt further investigation.
Are Short Fully Coated Stems Adequate for “Simple” Femoral Revisions?

Background Many studies suggest long femoral components should be used in revision THA. However, longer stems are more difficult to insert and reduce femoral bone stock for future revisions.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein: a regulated calcium-mobilizing product of the mammary gland

Parathyroid hormone-related protein shares similarities in sequence and function with the endocrine hormone, parathyroid hormone. However, unlike parathyroid hormone, a product of the parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone-related protein has a wide distribution in tissues, including the mammary gland. Although during pregnancy the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the mammary gland is low, following birth, protein levels rise sharply in the gland in response to elevations in serum prolactin. Large amounts of parathyroid hormone-related protein are secreted into milk, suggesting a possible role in the neonate. Transient phosphaturia and elevations of parathyroid hormone-related protein in mammary vein plasma support a possible endocrine function for parathyroid hormone-related protein during lactation. Recent evidence suggests a local function for parathyroid hormone-related protein in the lactating mammary gland, and evidence exists that parathyroid hormone-related protein stimulates calcium secretion by the goat mammary gland. Parathyroid hormone-related protein, a putative vasodilator, is produced by the external nutrient vasculature of the mammary gland, and levels within this tissue are regulated during lactation. Infusion of parathyroid hormone-related protein into the ovine mammary artery increases gland blood flow, suggesting a role for the protein in modulation of mammary gland hemodynamics. Regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein synthesis by the lactating gland, together with the protein's actions on regional blood flow and calcium secretion, support an important function in the mammary gland during lactogenesis.
Quasi-periodic recurrence of large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault

It has been 153 yr since the last large earthquake on the southern San Andreas fault (California, United States), but the average interseismic interval is only ∼100 yr. If the recurrence of large earthquakes is periodic, rather than random or clustered, the length of this period is notable and would generally increase the risk estimated in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses. Unfortunately, robust characterization of a distribution describing earthquake recurrence on a single fault is limited by the brevity of most earthquake records. Here we use statistical tests on a 3000 yr combined record of 29 ground-rupturing earthquakes from Wrightwood, California. We show that earthquake recurrence there is more regular than expected from a Poisson distribution and is not clustered, leading us to conclude that recurrence is quasi-periodic. The observation of unimodal time dependence is persistent across an observationally based sensitivity analysis that critically examines alternative interpretations of the geologic record. The results support formal forecast efforts that use renewal models to estimate probabilities of future earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault. Only four intervals (15%) from the record are longer than the present open interval, highlighting the current hazard posed by this fault.
Carbachol mimics phorbol esters in its ability to enhance cyclic GMP production by STa, the heat-stable toxin of Escherichia coli.

Abstract STa, the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichiu coli , stimulates membrane-bound guanylate cyclase in enterocytes, elevates cyclic GMP. and results in intestinal secretion of ions and fluid. Using the T84 colon carcinoma cell line as a model, Weikel et al. reported that phorbol esters enhance STa-stimulated cyclic GMP production by 60 140% [(1990) Infect. Immun. 58, 1402-1407]. In the present report we demonstrate that the acetylcholinc analog carbachol enhanced toxin-stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation in intact T84 cells by 50–100% and that this effect was blocked by 10 μm atropine and 10μM sphingosine. Pertussis toxin treatment of the T84 cells did not affect the subsequent response to carbachol. Carbachol. which elevates intracellular calcium in these cells, may act through protein kinase C to enhance cyclic GMP production.
SERPINB13 is a novel RUNX1 target gene

RUNX1 is a critical transcription factor during embryogenesis and neoplastic disease. To identify novel transcriptional targets of RUNX1 in the context of chromatin, we performed genome wide location analysis (ChIP-on-chip). Here we report that SERPINB13, a gene downregulated in head and neck cancers, is a novel RUNX1transcriptional target. RUNX1 binds the SERPINB13 promoter in chromatin to repress its transcription. Mutation of either RUNX1 binding site in the SERPINB13 promoter increased the activity of the promoter. Finally, overexpression of RUNX1 and concomitant decrease in SERPINB13 expression led to increased activity of cathepsin K, an enzyme inhibited by SERPINB13. These data demonstrate that RUNX1 is an important regulator of SERPINB13 and cathepsin K activity.
Synthetic aperture methods for angular scatter imaging

Angular scatter offers a new source of tissue contrast and an opportunity for tissue characterization in ultrasound imaging. We have previously described the application of the translating apertures algorithm (TAA) to coherently acquire angular scatter data over a range of scattering angles. While this approach works well at the focus, it suffers from poor depth of field (DOF) due to a finite aperture size. Furthermore, application of the TAA with large focused apertures entails a tradeoff between spatial resolution and scattering angle resolution. While large multielement apertures improve spatial resolution, they encompass many permutations of transmit/receive element pairs. This results in the simultaneous interrogation of multiple scattering angles, limiting angular resolution. We propose a synthetic aperture imaging scheme that achieves both high spatial resolution and high angular resolution. In backscatter acquisition mode, we transmit successively from single transducer elements, while receiving on the same element. Other scattering angles are interrogated by successively transmitting and receiving on different single elements chosen with the appropriate spatial separation between them. Thus any given image is formed using only transmit/receive element pairs at a single separation. This synthetic aperture approach minimizes averaging across scattering angles, and yields excellent angular resolution. Likewise, synthetic aperture methods allow us to build large effective apertures to maintain a high spatial resolution. Synthetic dynamic focusing and dynamic apodization are applied to further improve spatial resolution and DOF. We present simulation results and experimental results obtained using a GE Logiq 700MR system modified to obtain synthetic aperture TAA data. Images of wire targets exhibit high DOF and spatial resolution. We also present a novel approach for combining angular scatter data to effectively reduce grating lobes. With this approach we have been able to push the grating lobes below -50 dB in simulation and effectively eliminate their presence in the experimental wire target images.