cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Catching Classical and Hijack-Based Phishing Attacks

The social engineering strategy, used by cyber criminals, to get confidential information from Internet users is called phishing. It continues to trick Internet users into losing time and money each year, besides the loss of productivity. The trends and patterns in such attacks keep on changing over time and hence the detection algorithm needs to be robust and adaptive. Although, many phishing attacks work by luring Internet users to a web site designed to trick them into revealing sensitive information, recently some phishing attacks have been found that work by either installing malware on a computer or by hijacking a good web site. In this paper, we present effective and comprehensive classifiers for both kinds of attacks, classical or hijack-based. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to consider hijack-based phishing attacks. Our techniques are also effective at zero-hour phishing web site detection. We focus on the fundamental characteristics of phishing web sites and decompose the classification task for a phishing web site into a URL classifier, a content-based classifier and ways of combining the two. Both the URL classifier and the content-based classifier introduce new features and techniques. We present results of these classifiers and combination schemes on datasets extracted from several sources. We show that: (i) our URL classifier is highly accurate, (ii) our content-based classifier achieves good performance considering the difficulty of the problem and the small size of our white list, and (iii) one of our combination methods achieves superior detection of phishing web sites (over 99.97%) with reasonable false positives of about 3.5 % and another achieves just 0.22% false positives with more than 83% true positive rate. Moreover, our content-based classifier does not need any periodic retraining. Our methods are also language independent.
Electron Scattering via Interface Optical Phonons with High Group Velocity in Wurtzite GaN-based Quantum Well Heterostructure.

Here we present a detailed theoretical analysis of the interaction between electrons and optical phonons of interface and confined modes in a wurtzite AlN/GaN/AlN quantum well heterostructure based on the uniaxial dielectric continuum model. The formalism describing the interface and confined mode optical phonon dispersion relation, electron–phonon scattering rates, and average group velocity of emitted optical phonons are developed and numerically calculated. The dispersion relation of the interface phonons shows a convergence to the resonant phonon frequencies 577.8 and 832.3 cm−1 with a steep slope around the zone center indicating a large group velocity. At the onset of interface phonon emission, the average group velocity is small due to the large contribution of interface and confined mode phonons with close-to-zero group velocity, but eventually increases up to larger values than the bulk GaN acoustic phonon velocity along the wurtzite crystal c-axis (8 nm/ps). By adjusting the GaN thickness in the double heterostructure, the average group velocity can be engineered to become larger than the velocity of acoustic phonons at a specific electron energy. This suggests that the high group velocity interface mode optical phonons can be exploited to remove heat more effectively and reduce junction temperatures in GaN-based heterostructures.
Report on LSST Next-generation Instrumentation Workshop, April 11, 12 2019

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a wide-field imaging system of unprecedented etendue. The initial goal of the project is to carry out a ten year imaging survey in six broad passbands (ugrizy) that cover $350 nm < \lambda < 1.1 \mu m$. This document reports on the discussions that occurred at workshop (held April 11-12, 2019 at Argonne National Laboratory) that was convened to explore concepts for using the LSST system once the initial survey is complete. Participants discussed the tradeoffs in science performance, cost, and uniqueness for i) imaging surveys using the initial wide-field CCD instrument, perhaps supplemented with different filters, ii) replacing the focal plane with some alternative sensor technology, and iii) converting the LSST system to a wide-field multi-object fiber-fed spectrograph. Participants concluded that the fiber spectrograph option would be most effective if the focal plane were to feed upwards of 30,000 fibers. Thermal management and power considerations in the LSST instrument barrel make it difficult to accommodate infrared sensors that require very low operating temperatures, and the current generation of buttable IR sensors that would extend sensitivity to 2 $\mu$m are, we concluded, cost-prohibitive. Procuring and using an alternative filter set, on the other hand, is modest in cost, would take full advantage of the LSST image reduction pipeline, and could yield considerable additional information.
Analysis of Dietary Supplements with a Hand-held XRF Analyzer

Nine dietary supplements purchased from various dollar stores and two standard reference materials (SRMs) obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology were analyzed using a hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. This method of analysis produced rapid results while still keeping the costs low. The results from the analysis of the SRMs with the handheld XRF were within 23% of the reported values for potassium, calcium, and zinc; 11% for manganese and lead; and 6% for titanium and iron. The XRF-determined values for titanium, manganese, iron, zinc, and lead were not statistically, significantly different than those reported for the SRMs. Each dietary supplement contained less than the reported amounts of the expected element and several of the supplements contained additional elements.
Evaluation of an Innovative Program to Address the Health and Social Service Needs of Drug-Using Women with or at Risk for HIV Infection

Drug-using women with or at risk for HIV infection have many competing unmet needs, especially for social services, drug treatment, and medical care. High-risk drug-using women were recruited through street outreach, at needle exchange sites, a prison, and local community based organizations in New Haven, Connecticut for a study of the service needs of out-of-treatment drug users and the ability of an interactive case management intervention (ICM) to address those needs. These women were administered baseline and follow-up interviews to identify their health and social service needs and the degree to which these needs were resolved. The women who chose to enroll in the interactive case management intervention (n = 38) did not differ demographically nor in their HIV risk behaviors from those not receiving case management (n = 73). Provision of ICM was most successful in meeting needs for supportive mental health counseling, basic services, and long term housing. The impact of interactive case management was less evident for the acquisition of medical and dental services, which were accessed comparably by women not receiving the intervention. Overall, the women who enrolled in the ICM intervention showed a significant decrease in the number of unmet service needs as compared to those who did not enroll. Multiple contacts were required by the case manager to establish trust and to resolve the unmet service needs of these high-risk women. Women with or at risk for HIV infection can be effectively engaged in an ICM intervention in order to meet their multiple unmet service needs, although such interventions are time-and-labor intensive.
Adaptation of the marketing component of functioning of the mechanism of public management of the natural and economic potential of the regions

The expediency of forming a model of a marketing mechanism for the development of economic potential, taking into account the institutional specificity of the region, is largely determined by the imperfection of the market mechanism and its limitations in solving contemporary developmental problems at all levels. The article deals with the models of the marketing mechanism for the development of the natural and economic potential considering the institutional specificity of the territory. External factors contributing to the implementation and adaptation of the marketing mechanism for the development of the natural and economic potential of the region, considering the existing institutional field, were characterized. The scheme of the decision-making process on the functioning of the model of the marketing mechanism of the state management of the development of natural and economic potential was presented. Characteristics of the decision-making process in the marketing sphere were defined. The algorithm of the decision-making process on the functioning of the model of the marketing mechanism of the state management of the development of natural and economic potential was developed. Such elements were separated: problem analysis, definition of target benchmarks and alternatives, options for the development of the environment and performance forecasts.The main objective of regional marketing is the construction of a rational model of the marketing mechanism of the state management of the development of the natural and economic potential of the region, which will focus on promoting its unique features, considering the availability of potential resources. The primary decisions in the sphere of marketing activity, which it is advisable to adopt in accordance with the established mechanism within the framework of the proposed model of the development of the natural and economic potential, are: marketing and institutional support of the already existing enterprises and attracting new enterprises to the region; formation and promotion of the image of the territory; improvement of the internal environment of the territory. The result of the integrated use of marketing modeling tools in developing a comprehensive strategy for the development of the region should be the improvement of the economic life of society. In particular, it is improving the image of the territory from the point of view of potential partners of the region’s organizations, potential investors, government authorities and improving the quality of life of the population.
Chapter 11 – Electronic transport properties of quantum dots

Publisher Summary This chapter presents both the basic theory and the experimental data for the electron spectroscopy as a function of magnetic field and temperature for two vertical quantum dot systems—the fabricated quantum dot and the impurity quantum dot. In a fabricated quantum dot, the potential an electron experiences along the z direction is due to the semiconductor heterostructure band alignments and is modeled as a finite square well potential as in a quantum well. The potential the electron experiences along the lateral (x-y) directions depends critically on the highly anisotropic reactive ion etching process. If the lateral shape of the dot is asymmetric, each eigenstate of the system is, in general, nondegenerate. If the dot has cylindrical symmetry, the various eigenstates reflect that symmetry. An additional effect to be considered is the Fermi-level pinning of the exposed side walls of the device. The Fermi level in the exposed semiconductor material gets pinned at a fixed value near the midgap. The binding energy of an impurity in a quantum well depends on the properties of the well, in particular, its width L and its barrier height V0. The impurity binding energy increases as the well width decreases as long as the penetration of the quantum well wave function [x(z)] in the barriers remains small.
A case of abducens nerve palsy in the context of Ecchordosis physaliphora (P3.154)

Objective: Conservative management of patients with Ecchordosis physaliphora should be attempted before pursuing surgery. Background: Ecchordosis physaliphora (EP) is a rare, benign tumor that originates from ectopic remnants of the notochord and is typically located at the dorsal wall of the clivus. Approximately 2% of people are found to have an EP at autopsy, and the vast majority are clinically asymptomatic. We report a case of abducens nerve palsy in the context of EP. Design/Methods: Case Report Results: A 42-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with acute-onset, painless diplopia. Physical exam revealed a left abducens nerve palsy with no other neurological deficit. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated a retroclival prepontine mass measuring 8×5mm. The mass was hypointense on T1-weighted imaging, hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging and non-enhancing with gadolinium contrast. Extraxial compression of the abducens nerve was initially thought to be the cause of the cranial nerve palsy. Accordingly, the patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (1g/daily for 3 days). Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved without surgical intervention. After twelve months of clinical follow-up, there was no evidence of symptom recurrence. Conclusions: Most reported symptomatic cases of EP are managed with surgical resection. However, the mere presence of EP in the context of neurological symptoms is not an indication for surgery. As demonstrated by this case report, abducens nerve palsy has a variety of causes, many of which resolve spontaneously or with the use of high-dose steroids. Moreover, compressive abducens paresis may also show spontaneous improvement. The incidental finding of EP in the context of neurologic symptoms does not necessarily imply causation, and conservative management should be attempted before pursuing surgery. Clinical monitoring and imaging is recommended Disclosure: Dr. Ilorah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bond has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kattah has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer as a consultant. Dr. Kattah has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity as an editor for E-Medicine. Dr. Hassanzadeh has nothing to disclose.
The Inpatient Lifestyle Medicine Consultation Service

Lifestyle medicine is a clinical service line within a sponsoring health system that includes inpatient and outpatient programs of care. There is a growing evidence base supporting many options of inpatient lifestyle medicine available to the treatment team to facilitate implementation and improve clinical outcomes. This effort focuses on patients in the midst of acute care, and also in the context of multiple and oftentimes-concurrent prevention modalities in a chronic care model. Broad categories of such interventions include dietary, physical activity, behavioral, mind-body, and spiritual interventions. Notwithstanding knowledge gaps, challenges to optimizing inpatient lifestyle medicine include a recalcitrant healthcare culture (including poor health of many hospital staff and professionals), inadequate patient education, and incomplete infrastructure. Developing a clinically and economically successful inpatient lifestyle medicine consultation service that focuses on the prevention of chronic disease should be a priority for healthcare systems, medical centers, hospitals, and other inpatient facilities.
Gold—The Material of Empire

This chapter explores the history of gold a metal so soft it can be shaped into sheets so thin they are transparent and drawn into wires finer than a human hair. Gold was treasured because of its appearance, hoarded because of its rarity, and in the 20th Century enabled the development of the microelectronics industry, space exploration, and became an exciting material for the emerging field of nanotechnology. The versatility of gold nanoparticles might make it one of the most important materials of the 21st Century and not the “useless” metal described by Henry VIII counselor Sir Thomas More.
Examining Measurement Invariance and Perceptions of School Climate Across Gender and Race and Ethnicity

School climate can have a notable impact on student academic, social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. It is also a critical component of school improvement efforts, as demonstrated by recent fe...
Shape memory polymer-based self-healing composites

Abstract In this chapter, we first review the various crack self-healing strategies. We then focus on self-healing of thermosetting shape memory polymer (SMP) composites per the close-then-heal (CTH) healing strategy. Three types of composite structures are prepared, including a thermosetting SMP-based syntactic foam-cored sandwich, a grid-stiffened thermosetting SMP-based syntactic foam-cored sandwich, and a 3-D woven fabric-reinforced thermosetting SMP-based syntactic foam composite. The prepared fiber-reinforced composite panels are repeatedly impact damaged and healed per the CTH scheme. The healing efficiency is evaluated per relevant mechanical strength tests. Damage sensing by a percolated carbon nanotube network is also investigated. The comprehensive experimental program confirms that the CTH scheme can heal structural-length scale cracks repeatedly, efficiently, timely, molecularly, and it has the potential to heal autonomously.
Flight Evaluation of Spacelab 1 Payload Thermal/ECS Interfaces

The Spacelab (SL-1) thermal/Environmental Control Systems (ECS) are discussed. Preflight analyses and flight data are compared in order to validate payload to Spacelab interfaces as well as corroborate modeling/analysis techniques. In doing so, a brief description of the Spacelab 1 payload configuration and the interactive Spacelab thermal/ECS systems are given. In particular, these interfaces address equipment cooling air, thermal and fluid conditions, humidity levels, both freon and water loop temperatures and load states, as well as passive radiant environment interfaces.
Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation in Photosynthetic Bacteria

Most members of the anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are capable of fixing molecular nitrogen (Johansson et al 1983). As a result several interesting metabolic properties may be displayed simultaneously in these bacteria and their interactions analyzed. In addition, the purple bacteria were the first diazotrophs in which the nitrogenase was demonstrated to be subject to inhibition by reversible covalent modification in response to ammonium levels (Ludden, Burris 1976; Nordlund et al 1977). In Rhodospirillum rubrum, this inhibition has now been shown to result from inactivation of the Fe protein by the addition of an ADP ribosyl group to an arginine residue (Pope et al 1985). The generality of this regulatory mechanism among diazotrophs is currently being evaluated. As a consequence of these properties of the nitrogen fixation system of the purple phototrophs and their relative genetic accessibility (Marss 1983), efforts to elucidate the genetics of this system have intensified. Here we shall summarize some of the recent results from several laboratories concerning the overall arrangement and regulation of nif genes in one species, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.
25 Alternative models in microbial pathogens

Publisher Summary This chapter describes protocols for assessing the virulence of various pathogens using simple non-vertebrate hosts. The struggle for survival is one of the most potent forces that drives evolution. To survive, an organism needs to overcome a variety of biotic and abiotic insults. The most common biotic insult comes in the form of antagonistic interactions between organisms, such as interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. Bacterial pathogens have developed a variety of offensive and defensive weapons to defeat their hosts. To defend themselves against pathogens, plant and animal hosts have evolved the ability to recognize the aggressors and have developed a relay system to communicate this information within the cell so that appropriate defenses can be mounted. The underlying mechanisms of interactions between bacterial pathogens and their animal and plant hosts are complex. Recent developments of alternate non-vertebrate hosts that are amenable to genetic analysis are providing important tools to dissect complex host-pathogen interactions. An important consideration when interpreting results obtained from all the systems described in this chapter is that the temperature used to assess pathogenesis in all the non-vertebrate hosts ranges from 25°C–30°C, whereas many mammalian pathogens appear to express virulence determinants only at relatively high temperatures such as 37°C.
Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction

The frequent failure of financial liberalisation efforts in developing countries, and the serious damage which recent financial crises have imposed on these economies, have led to renewed attempts to understand the relationships between financial sector development, economic growth and poverty reduction, and to provide a more robust intellectual foundation on which to design efficient and pro-poor financial sector policies for developing countries. The paper examines the contribution that financial sector development can make to poverty reduction in developing countries. The linkages between financial and economic growth, and between economic growth and poverty reduction, are considered, and some preliminary empirical evidence is presented on these linkages. The paper goes on to argue that financial market imperfections are a key constraint on pro-poor growth, and that public policy directed at the correction of these financial market failures is needed to ensure that financial development contributes effectively to growth and poverty reduction. The final part of the paper examines in some detail the role of financial regulation and supervision policy as a key area for public intervention directed at enhancing the financial sector’s contribution to poverty reduction.
Optimal Port Placement in Robot-Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

A computer-based algorithm is being developed which, using preoperative images, provides the surgeon with a list of feasible port triplets ranked according to tool dexterity and endoscope view quality at each surgical site involved in a procedure. Computer simulation will allow the surgeon to select from among the proposed port locations. The procedure selected for the development of the system consists of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) take-down and bypass grafting. Human trials will begin within a month. Data collected from these trials will be used to validate the system.
Variations in Frequency of Occurrence of Sporadic E, 1949-1959

Abstract The question of the dependence of sporadic E on the sunspot cycle has been largely unresolved, with many investigators obtaining conflicting answers. In this chapter results are given covering daily-hourly values of fEs for eleven years at three ionosphere-sounding stations, College, Washington and Huancayo, chosen as representative of the three main sporadic-E zones. These stations experienced a minimum of equipment changes and changes of location during this period. Scaling procedures were monitored over the eleven years by a data quality-control group at the National Bureau of Standards. The period included the highest yearly average sunspot number for over 200 years. Correlation coefficients for yearly count of fEs > 5 Mc/s vs. yearly average sunspot number were found to be: College, –0·68 (daytime only, –0·63); Washington, –0·52 (night only, –0·52); Huancayo, –0·42 (night only, –0·66). Various hourly and monthly correlations were obtained. Of the 150 correlation coefficients listed in the paper, 144 are negative. An incidental outcome is the confirming of diurnal and seasonal trends at stations in the auroral, north temperate and equatorial zones, making use of many more data than hitherto available.
A composite skin substitute (graftskin) for surgical wounds. A clinical experience.

BACKGROUND. Bioengineered skin substitutes offer tissue replacement without requiring a donor site and might produce better healing. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the recipient's response to grafting a bioengineered skin equivalent onto acute surgical wounds. METHODS. Graftskin, which is made of : 1) a bovine collagen matrix containing human fibroblasts, and 2) an overlying sheet of stratified human epithelium, was grafted onto the excision sites of 15 patients. RESULTS. Blood and cell studies for toxicity were negative. Graftskin proved easy to handle, and a typical clinical appearance of the skin substitute during take was detected. Compared with expectations improved healing occurred. Twelve of 15 patients had initial clinical takes. CONCLUSION. Graftskin was not clinically rejected and was not toxic. It often appeared to take and produced better than expected healing.
Shear Behavior of Steel Frame Joints

The load-deformational response of beam-column joints in moment resisting steel frames subjected to severe lateral actions has been studied experimentally and analytically. The investigation showed that joints per se are elements with large energy dissipation capacity, exhibiting a high reserve strength beyond first yielding, large ductility, and stable hysteretic behavior. A tri-linear mathematical model is proposed for the joint response that compares well with the experimental results. Design recommendations are given based on strength and stiffness considerations. The effects of axial loads on the columns and shear stiffeners are investigated and included in the mathematical models and design recommendations. It is hoped that the results of the reported investigation will contribute to a better prediction of the static and dynamic characteristics of frames. These characteristics are strongly affected by the joint response, and joints need to be included as finite deformable elements in a realistic frame analysis.
Photoproduction of Electron Pairs at High-Energy

In an experiment at the wide band neutral beam of FNAL large mass electron pairs from high energy photon interactions on Be were detected. The $\psi$(3095) meson as well as a large mass Bethe-Beitler continuum is observed. The following cross sections for the interaction $\gamma + Be \to \psi_{e^+e^-} + X$ are measured $B\sigma$ = (15 $\pm$ 2)nb $\frac {d\sigma}{dt}_{t = O}$ = (59 $\pm$ l5)nb / $GeV^2$ from which we obtain $\sigma (\psi$N) = ( 1. 3 $\pm$ O.3)mb which indicates that the $\psi$ is a hadron. Distributions of K, t, $p_T$ and $cos^{\theta *}$ for $\psi$ photoproduction are given. Comparisons are made with other experiments and the ratio $ee/\mu\mu$ is shown to be 1.0 $\pm$ 0.15.
LINKAGE OF MUTATIONS AFFECTING MINUS FLAGELLAR MEMBRANE AGGLUTINABILITY TO THE mt- MATING-TYPE LOCUS OF CHLAMYDOMONAS

Two independently isolated mutant strains, imp-10 and imp-12, were obtained by UV irradiation of wild-type mating-type minus (wt-). Each fails to agglutinate sexually with gametes of either mating type, but mating and zygote formation can be elicited by agglutinating either strain to wt+ gametes by means of anti-flagellar antiserum. Tetrad analysis of the resultant zygotes shows that both imp-10 and imp-12 are very closely linked to mt-, with no recombinants observed. Diploid strains constructed between imp-10 or imp-12 and wt+ gametes are wt-, that is, they agglutinate and fuse like normal minus cells. Tetrad analysis of triploids from imp-10 diploid x wt+ haploid crosses shows that only imp-10 and wt+ products are recovered. A model is proposed to account for these results.
Radiation Damage Effects in 16-MeV Proton and 14-MeV Neutron Irradiated Nickel and Niobium

The high-energy (>10 keV) recoil spectra induced in metals by 16-MeV protons have been predicted to be similar to that induced by 14-MeV neutrons. The damage induced in nickel and niobium by 16-MeV protons and 14-MeV neutrons has been evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and flow stress measurements. Nickel and niobium wires (0.18 mm diameter) and foils have been irradiated with 16-MeV protons from the Tandem Van de Graaff at the Nuclear Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington and 14-MeV neutrons from the Rotating Target Neutron Source I at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. These irradiations were performed on specimens that were prepared and tested in a similar manner. The damage induced in nickel and niobium at 20°C by 16-MeV protons and 14-MeV neutrons was found to exhibit many similarities with respect to the size and density of defect clusters. The yield strength increases were found to be slightly higher in the proton-irradiated materials as a function of particle fluence.
Microdialysis of cat pons reveals enhanced acetylcholine release during state-dependent respiratory depression

Microinjection of cholinergic agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors into the medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF) causes a state that is polygraphically similar to rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Respiratory studies of intact unanesthetized cats during this cholinergically induced REM sleep-like state have shown that the same cholinoceptive pontine reticular regions that mediate REM sleep can also cause state-dependent respiratory depression. The present study investigated the hypothesis that acetylcholine (ACh) release in the mPRF is increased during the respiratory depression that accompanies the cholinergically induced REM sleep-like state. Cats were implanted for polygraphic recording of sleep and wakefulness and with guide tubes aimed for placing a microinjector in one mPRF and a microdialysis probe in the contralateral mPRF. ACh release was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Compared with waking levels, ACh was significantly increased and respiratory frequency was significantly decreased during the carbachol-induced REM sleep-like state. These results support the hypothesis that endogenous cholinergic neurotransmission in brain regions known to regulate REM sleep can also cause state-dependent changes in respiratory control.
AKAP-dependent modulation of BCAM/Lu adhesion on normal and sickle cell disease RBCs revealed by force nanoscopy

Human normal and sickle red blood cells (RBCs) adhere with high affinity to the alpha5 chain of laminin (LAMA5) via the basal cell adhesion molecule/Lutheran (BCAM/Lu) receptor, which is implicated in vasoocclusive episodes in sickle cell disease and activated through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. However, the effect of the cAMP pathway on the expression of active BCAM/Lu receptors at the single-molecule level is unknown. We established an in vitro technique, based on atomic force microscopy, which enables detection of single BCAM/Lu proteins on the RBC surface and measures the unbinding force between BCAM/Lu and LAMA5. We showed that the expression of active BCAM/Lu receptors is higher in homozygous sickle RBCs (SS-RBCs) than normal RBCs and that it is critically dependent on the cAMP signaling pathway on both normal and SS-RBCs. Of importance, we illustrated that A-kinase anchoring proteins are crucial for BCAM/Lu receptor activation. Furthermore, we found that SS-RBCs from hydroxyurea-treated patients show a lower expression of active BCAM/Lu receptors, a lower unbinding force to LAMA5, and insignificant stimulation by epinephrine as compared to SS-RBCs from untreated patients. To our knowledge, these findings may lead to novel antiadhesive targets for vasoocclusive episodes in sickle cell disease.
Experimental study on the effect of unsteadiness on boundary layer development on a linear turbine cascade

The results from an experimental investigation of unsteady boundary layer behavior on a linear turbine cascade are presented in this paper. To perform a detailed study on unsteady cascade aerodynamics and heat transfer, a new large-scale, high-subsonic research facility for simulating the periodic unsteady flow has been developed. It is capable of sequentially generating up to four different unsteady inlet flow conditions that lead to four different passing frequencies, wake structures, and freestream turbulence intensities. For a given Reynolds number, two different unsteady wake formations are utilized. Detailed unsteady boundary layer velocity. turbulence intensity, and pressure measurements are performed along the suction and pressure surfaces of one blade. The results display the transition and development of the boundary layer, ensemble-averaged velocity, and turbulence intensity.
Importance of low preoperative platelet count in selecting patients for resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis.

Background Low platelet count is a marker of portal hypertension but is not routinely included in the standard preoperative evaluation of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because it pertains to liver function (Child/model for end-stage liver disease [MELD] score) and tumor burden (Milan criteria). We hypothesized that low platelet count would be independently associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality after resection. Study Design Patients treated with liver resection for HCC between January 2000 and January 2010 at 3 institutions were eligible. Preoperative platelet count, Child/MELD score, and tumor extent were recorded. Low preoperative platelet count (LPPC) was defined as 3 /μL. Postoperative liver insufficiency (PLI) was defined as peak bilirubin >7 mg/dL or development of ascites. Univariate and multivariate regression was performed for predictors of major complications, PLI, and 60-day mortality. Results A total of 231 patients underwent resection, of whom 196 (85%) were classified as Child A and 35 (15%) as Child B; median MELD score was 8. Overall, 168 (71%) had tumors that exceeded Milan criteria and 134 (58%) had major hepatectomy (≥3 Couinaud segments). Overall and major complication rates were 55% and 17%, respectively. PLI occurred in 25 patients (11%), and 21 (9%) died within 60 days of surgery. Patients with LPPC (n = 50) had a significantly increased number of major complications (28% versus 14%, p=0.031), PLI (30% versus 6%, p=0.001), and 60-day mortality (22% versus 6%, p=0.001). When adjusted for Child/MELD score and tumor burden, LPPC remained independently associated with increased number of major complications (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.1 to 6.8, p=0.026), PLI (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 11.1, p=0.008), and 60-day mortality (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 14.6, p=0.009). Conclusions LPPC is independently associated with increased major complications, PLI, and mortality after resection of HCC, even when accounting for standard criteria, such as Child/MELD score and tumor extent, used to select patients for resection. Patients with LPPC may be better served with transplantation or liver-directed therapy.
Expression of a neurofilament protein by the precursors of a subpopulation of ventral spinal cord neurons

The expression of neurofilament proteins (NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L) in replicating neuroepithelial cells and postmitotic neuroblasts in the embryonic chick trunk neural tube was examined by immunohistochemistry. Anti-NF-M, in particular, resulted in bright staining of some mitotic cells, which were found to be strictly localized to a midventral and an extreme dorsal position in the neural tube. Those in the midventral position were observed with greatest frequency during Days 3 and 4 of incubation and became increasingly rare thereafter. During the same period of time, and in the same small ventral region, NF-M-positive interphase cells, presumably migrating postmitotic neuroblasts, were also present. In contrast, NF-L-positive mitotic cells were rarely seen. NF-L-positive migrating and differentiating neuroblasts were observed throughout the ventral half of the neural tube except in the midventral area containing NF-M-positive mitotic cells and NF-M-positive migrating neuroblasts. These results, together with known temporal and spatial patterns of neurogenesis in the spinal cord, suggest that the expression of NF-L and NF-M, in the form recognized by our antibodies, may not be initiated coordinately, or even in the same sequence, in different types of neuroblasts, and that only the immediate precursors of a specific subpopulation of ventral spinal cord neurons begin expressing NF-M in the terminal cell cycle. In addition, the NF-M-positive mitotic cells, when observed in anaphase and telophase, had NF-M-positive material associated with both emerging daughter cells and the migrating neuroblasts were frequently found in closely associated pairs, consistent with the suggestion that these precursor cells undergo a symmetrical terminal division to yield two daughter postmitotic neuroblasts.
Genome engineering: the next genomic revolution.

A decade of advances in genome engineering technologies has enabled the editing of genome sequences much like one edits computer code; many more applications for precisely manipulating genome structure and function are on the horizon.
Correlation of Pneumatic Particle Erosion With the Micro-Mechanical Properties of a High Temperature Alloy

Although reasonable correlation may be obtained between the pneumatic particle erosion behavior of many metals and alloys with corresponding hardness measurements, this relationship does not necessarily agree at elevated test temperatures. It is shown that, for the case of a Ti-6A1-4V alloy, there is a significant difference when both the erosion and the hardness tests are conducted at temperatures above and below about one-half of the absolute melting temperature of this alloy. This circumstance, at the present time, is attributed to the change in the ductility of the alloy with test temperature. It is also shown that a measure of the strength and ductility may be obtained from the elevated temperature hardness measurements. A preliminary model relating the erosion rate with the strength and uniform elongation obtained through microhardness measurements is presented.Copyright © 1986 by ASME
Wii-hab for pre-frail older adults

Purpose To examine the effectiveness of a novel intervention aimed at decreasing indices related to frailty through systematic, Progressive Functional Rehabilitation (PFR). Methods Pre-frail volunteers were recruited to participate in a 15 week exercise intervention or control group. Those who met study criteria and consented were randomized into one of three groups: control, seated exercise, or Wii®-fit. Test measures were completed before and after the 15 week intervention period on all participants. Measures included: Senior Fitness Test, Body Weight, Balance Efficacy Scale, CHAMPS, Late-Life Function and Disability Index, MOS SF-36. Attendance was also recorded. Results There were improvements on several of the measures included in the Senior Fitness Test including chair stands, arm curls, step 2, six minute walk, sit and reach, and the timed up and go. A few participants did lose weight. All of the differences reflected improved physical functional status in the seated exercise or Wii-fit groups compared with the control group. Discussion Increased physical activity was beneficial for all who participated. There were improvements in physical performance scores on several of the measures on the senior fitness test in both the seated exercise and Wii-fit groups. Participants in the Wii-fit group also showed improvement in their reported caloric expenditure and balance confidence. Conclusion This pilot study suggests a rehabilitation effect that was similar to the effect of community based senior fitness classes. A home video game console system with weight vest could be an effective alternative for pre-frail senior adults to group exercise classes.
Magnetic Suspension of the Watt-Hour Meter Rotor

By supporting the weight of a watt-hour meter disk magnetically, a bearing system is achieved free from high-unit pressures and, hence, free from the fundamental cause of wear. The magnetic arrangement employs two concentric magnets of ``cunico,'' the inner attached to the top of the shaft, the outer attached to the meter frame. In a meter having other design innovations co-ordinated with the magnetic suspension it promises to give virtually maintenance-free operation and long life.
Ventricular arrhythmias during exercise testing: mechanism, response to coronary bypass surgery and prognostic significance.

Abstract To investigate the determinants and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias during exercise testing, 86 patients with such arrhythmias were identified from a consecutive series of 446 patients who underwent treadmill exercise testing and cardiac catheterization. The prevalence of these arrhythmias was 19% in the total group but increased to 30% in the 120 patients with 3-vessel or left main coronary artery disease. Patients with exercise-induced arrhythmias were more likely to have 3-vessel or left main coronary artery disease, a lower resting ejection fraction, ≥2 mm of ischemic ST depression and more severe segmental wall motion abnormalities than patients without this finding (p
Out With the Old, In With the New: Factor Analyses of a Classroom Environment Measure

Several instruments have been developed to gauge student perceptions of their classroom environment as greater attention has been given to the relationship between student achievement and student p...
Selective breeding of 5-HT1A receptor-mediated responses: application to emotion and receptor action

Rat lines that were selectively bred for high (high DPAT-sensitive, HDS) or low (low DPAT-sensitive, LDS) hypothermic responses to the specific 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-di-n-propylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT), differ in receptor binding and certain behaviors related to anxiety and depression. After reviewing this literature, the present communication summarizes new experiments designed to clarify and extend the nature of the pharmacological and biochemical differences between the lines. A challenge with the 5-HT(2) receptor agonist, DOI, produced similar degrees of head shakes and skin crawls in the HDS and LDS rats, suggesting similar sensitivity of 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. In contrast, DOI-induced flat body posture (FBP), which has been linked to 5-HT(1A) receptor stimulation, was observed more readily in the HDS rats. The HDS and LDS rats exhibited similar degrees of increase in 8-OH-DPAT-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in several brain regions. This result suggests that the dramatic differences in hypothermia in HDS and LDS rats cannot be related to 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated action on G proteins. Overall, these findings indicate that the selective breeding for 5-HT(1A)-mediated hypothermia has been fairly selective, and that differences in emotionally relevant behaviors between these two rat lines can strongly be associated with an unidentified component of the 5-HT(1A) receptor signaling pathway.
The influence of corrosion product structure on the corrosion rate of Cu-Ni alloys

Abstract Cu, 90–10, and 70–30 Cu-Ni alloys corrode at widely dissimilar rates in boiling NaCl solution. The corrosion product films on the specimens were continuous and consisted entirely of Cu2O. The Cu2O films formed on the two Cu-Ni alloys were quite protective and exerted significant ohnmic polarization on both the anodic and cathodic local cell corrosion reactions. A defect structural model has been proposed which shows why the Cu2O formed on the Cu-Ni is more protective than that formed on Cu.
What we can learn from second animal neuroscience

There are several facets of second-person neuroscience which can benefit from comparisons with animal behavioral neuroscience studies. This commentary addresses the challenges involved in obtaining quantitative data from second-person techniques, the role of stress in inducing robust responses, the use of interactive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the value of applying interactive methods to studies of aggression and depression.
Forces at individual pseudopod-filament adhesive contacts

On-chip cellular force sensors are fabricated from cantilever poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) filaments that visibly deflect under forces exerted at individual pseudopod-filament adhesive contacts. The shape of the deflected filaments and their ∼3 nN/μm spring constants are predicted by cantilever rod theory. Pulling forces exerted by Dictyostelium discoideum cells at these contacts are observed to reach ∼20 nN without breaking the contact.
Chloroplast ultrastructure in pigment-deficient mutants of Zea mays under reduced light

The fine structure of normal and mutant seedlings of Zea mays when grown under weak light conditions was compared with their ability to produce precursors and final products along the biosynthetic pathways of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments to determine the effect of each on plastid structure. Seedlings of normal, pale green, yellow-green, yellow, albino, and green mosaic mutants were grown in 2 000 footcandles of light and also in 0.5 to 1 footcandle for 11–14 days at 27°C. Samples of leaf tissue were taken at the same time for electron microscopic studies and for spectrophotometrical analyses of pigment content. Samples from dark-grown seedlings were analyzed for protochlorophyllide. Growth of these mutants in dim light conditions in which the chlorophyll was not photooxidized, and thus could accumulate, was useful in determining the potential development of the mutants. Different levels of pigment and precursor accumulation and protochlorophyllide conversion correlated well with plastid structural differences, providing information regarding the location of the genetic blocks.
Bc meson productions via induced gluon fragmentation

Abstract Glouns cannot directly fragment into Bc mesons until at orderαs3. However, the Altarelli-Parisi evolution of the b - quark fragmentation functions D b →B c (Z) and D b →B c ∗ (Z) from the heavy quark mass scales up to the collider energy scale Q can induce the gluon fragmentation functions D g→B c (Z) and D g→B c ∗ (Z) , respectively, at the order αs3 log (Q/mb,c) through the gluon splitting g→ b . We will determine these induced gluon fragmentation functions. The Bc meson productions due to the induced gluon fragmentation will be evaluated and compared to the productios by the direct b - quark fragmentation. The contribution from the induced gluon fragmentation is found to be a fairly large portion of the total B c and B c ∗ meson productions, and therefore cannot be ignored.
Thermodynamic properties of nickel

This work reviews and discusses the data and information on the thermodynamic properties of nickel available through May 1984. These properties include heat capacity, enthalpy, enthalpy of transition and melting, vapor pressure, and enthalpy of vaporization. The recommended values for heat capacity cover the temperature range from 1 to 3200 K. The recommended values for enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy function, and vapor pressure cover the temperature range from 298.15 to 3200 K.
The detection of outlying observations in replicate X‐ray measurements of sample size three

On the assumption that X-ray count data are normally distributed, certain tests for detecting outliers or ‘wild’ values within replicate sets of three measurements are compared. Treated as ‘insurance policies’ rather than formal statistical tests, the statistics discussed are useful for monitoring X-ray data, particularly in computer oriented systems. The problem of the correction of outliers is briefly discussed.
The Shoemaker-Levy 9 spots on Jupiter: Their place in history

Historical observations of Jupiter were studied in a search for descriptions or depictions of spots of a magnitude comparable to that produced by the impacts of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 fragments with Jupiter in July 1994. No such record was found. With the possible exception of the Great Red Spot, the Shoemaker-Levy 9 'G' spot appears to be the most prominent jovian spot in history.
Passivation of steel surface: An atomistic modeling approach aided with X-ray analyses

Abstract Using a quantum mechanics-based atomistic modeling approach and X-ray analyses, we explored the oxidation process of steel surface in a typical ambient condition. The growth of iron oxides on steel surface was found to be highly dependent on the thermodynamics and availability of reactants. Three oxidation stages were identified before the formation of a high-density triplex structure on steel surface, after which the oxidation of iron atoms progressed at a significantly reduced speed. Results from this atomistic study can be expected to improve the understanding of the passivation and depassivation of steel surface toward an effective control of iron corrosion.