cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Convenient in Situ Preparation of Trimethylsilyl Iodide

Abstract The ability of trimethylsilyl iodide (1) to effect a variety of useful synthetic transformations has been amply demonstrated. Thus, in the presence of 1, the following conversions are reported to occur efficiently and under mild conditions: hydrolysis of ethers1, carboxylate2 and phosphonate3 esters, carbamates4, acetals and ketals5; deoxygenation of sulfoxides6; formation of iodomethyl methyl ether from methylal7; formation of iodides from alcohols8; decarboxylation of β-ketoesters and gem-diesters9 and formation and subsequent reactions of aldehyde iodohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers derived from aldehydes.10 Despite the versatility and ready availability of 1 11, routine application in organic synthesis is limited by its marked instability toward hydrolysis. This has prompted several groups to devise suitable
DNA repair elicited by UVB during PUVA therapy for psoriasis

The skin of patients receiving psoralen and UVA (PUVA) therapy for psoriasis is exposed to trace amounts of UVB radiation emitted by PUVA irradiators in addition to UVA. DNA repair activity was measured using autoradiography in the uninvolved skin of PUVA-treated patients in order to determine whether 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus UVA elicits repair, inhibits the skin repair response to UVB, or protects epidermal-cell DNA from UVB damage by promoting a tan. Epidermal-DNA repair activity was observed in 27 out of 37 patients following the first PUVA treatment. Phototesting with multiples of the initial UV dose elicited a linear increase in repair activity. Glass-filtered radiation failed to stimulate repair, indicating that the reaction was due to UVB, not to 8-MOP plus UVA. The same amount of repair activity was observed in the skin of patients irradiated either before or after 8-MOP ingestion, demonstrating that the drug did not interfere with the response of the skin to UVB. At clearing, however, the repair activity was never greater than that elicited at the initial treatment and was often undetectable despite a tenfold increase in UV exposure. It is proposed that DNA damage should be measured to determine whether epidermal cells are entirely protected from UVB radiation at the completion of therapy.
A multinomial logistic mixed model for the prediction of categorical spatial data

In this article, the prediction problem of categorical spatial data, that is, the estimation of class occurrence probability for (target) locations with unknown class labels given observed class labels at sample (source) locations, is analyzed in the framework of generalized linear mixed models, where intermediate, latent (unobservable) spatially correlated Gaussian variables (random effects) are assumed for the observable non-Gaussian responses to account for spatial dependence information. Within such a framework, a spatial multinomial logistic mixed model is proposed specifically to model categorical spatial data. Analogous to the dual form of kriging family, the proposed model is represented as a multinomial logistic function of spatial covariances between target and source locations. The associated inference problems, such as estimation of parameters and choice of the spatial covariance function for latent variables, and the connection of the proposed model with other methods, such as the indicator v...
Hereditary myelopathy of Afghan hounds, a myelinolytic disease.

A disease described previously as hereditary necrotizing myelopathy and myelomalacia was studied in four Afghan hounds. Light and electron microscopic investigation revealed sieve-like degeneration of spinal white matter. Despite extensive spongiform degeneration of myelin that progressed to micro- and macrocavitation, substantial numbers of axons were preserved. This canine myelopathy was compared and contrasted with various toxic/metabolic conditions including subacute combined degeneration.
Women's history and housekeeping: Memory, representation and reinscription

(1992). Women's history and housekeeping: Memory, representation and reinscription. Women's Studies: Vol. 20, Is Multiculturalism Enough?, pp. 321-329.
An Approximation Scheme for Schrödinger Maps

We consider the Cauchy problem for Schrodinger maps from ℝd × ℝ+ (d ≥ 2) into a complete Kahler manifold  with bounded geometry. For any integer , we prove local existence and uniqueness in the sp...
The Seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis Infections: A Study of Persons Ages 1–65 Years

Although the incidence of Bordetella pertussis infections had decreased significantly since the introduction of widespread vaccination, an increase in the number of cases has occurred recently. In an attempt to define the seroepidemiology of pertussis in Nashville, antibody levels to pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were measured by ELISA in 585 serum samples from healthy 1- to 65-year-old subjects. Data were analyzed by smooth curve fitting and by comparison of trends in PT and FHA titers across age groups. The results demonstrated a peak in PT and FHA titers in the 4-6 year age group, concurrent with the administration of booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis vaccine. A second larger peak was noted in the 13-17 year age group. These data suggest that pertussis infection is frequent during the adolescent years.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin: Effect on Protozoa*

SYNOPSIS. Various protozoa and lower metazoa were exposed to filtrates of Staphylococcus aureus B (formerly called Type S-6) (2) and non-enterotoxigenic filtrates of staphylococci to study the toxicity of staphylococcal enterotoxin to these organisms. No reaction specific for enterotoxin was observed either in those culture filtrates from toxin-producing strains or in solutions of purified enterotoxin. Non-specific reactions were obtained with various growth media and a “potassium inhibited” filtrate containing 0.5% K2HPO4.
Comment on “Advanced Seismic Analyses of the Source Characteristics of the 2006 and 2009 North Korean Nuclear Tests” by J. R. Murphy, J. L. Stevens, B. C. Kohl, and T. J. Bennett

Online Material: Profiles connecting eastern and western portals to ground‐zero locations from Murphy et al. (2013) and Pabian and Hecker (2012).
High-resolution coupled physics solvers for analysing fine-scale nuclear reactor design problems

An integrated multi-physics simulation capability for the design and analysis of current and future nuclear reactor models is being investigated, to tightly couple neutron transport and thermal-hydraulics physics under the SHARP framework. Over several years, high-fidelity, validated mono-physics solvers with proven scalability on petascale architectures have been developed independently. Based on a unified component-based architecture, these existing codes can be coupled with a mesh-data backplane and a flexible coupling-strategy-based driver suite to produce a viable tool for analysts. The goal of the SHARP framework is to perform fully resolved coupled physics analysis of a reactor on heterogeneous geometry, in order to reduce the overall numerical uncertainty while leveraging available computational resources. The coupling methodology and software interfaces of the framework are presented, along with verification studies on two representative fast sodium-cooled reactor demonstration problems to prove the usability of the SHARP framework.
The structure of intersegmental muscle fibers in an insect, Periplaneta americana L

The organization of intersegmental muscle fibers associated with the dorsal abdominal sclerites of the cockroach is described. These fibers correspond closely, in the disposition and derivation of the membranes of the transverse tubular system and sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae, with insect synchronous flight muscle fibers, but differ markedly from these in their fibrillar architecture and mitochondrial content. The mitochondria are small and generally aligned alongside the prominent I bands of the sarcomere, and, in the best-oriented profiles of the A bands, thick filaments are associated with orbitals of twelve thin filaments, a configuration that has also been observed in striated fibers of insect visceral muscle. These structural features of insect muscles are compared and discussed in terms of possible variations in the control of contraction and relaxation, and in the nature of their mechanical role.
Towards a Hybrid Formal Method for Swarm-Based Exploration Missions

NASA is investigating the use of swarms of robotic vehicles for future space exploration missions. Such swarms offer many advantages of traditional, single spacecraft, missions. Intelligent swarms offer potential for self-management and survivability, and their emergent properties make such swarms potentially very powerful. However, they are significantly more difficult to design, and ensuring that proper behaviors will emerge is a complex task. NASA's FAST project is investigating the use of formal approaches to the specification and verification of such systems. Using ANTS, a NASA concept mission, as a case study, multiple formal methods were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in modeling and ensuring desired swarm behavior. We discuss this evaluation and propose a hybrid formal method for use in the development of future NASA intelligent swarms
Validity of Asphalt Binder Film Thickness Concept in Hot-Mix Asphalt:

Despite the possible benefits of implementing asphalt binder film thickness into current specifications to address durability problems, most of the related research has been theoretical and only a few attempts have been made to measure this property experimentally. The objective of this study was to investigate the concept of asphalt binder film thickness experimentally on the basis of measurements obtained by image analysis techniques, reflective light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the experimental program were used to gain insight into the concept of asphalt binder film thickness and its validity. Experimental results indicated that asphalt binder films coating large aggregates do not actually exist in hot-mix asphalt. Instead, what are referred to as asphalt binder films surrounding large aggregates are actually asphalt mastic films. These films are highly irregular in shape and have a thickness greater than 100 μm in the mixture considered in this study. The asphalt bind...
Visual Hallucinations in a Patient with Adult Onset Acid Maltase Deficiency Disorder

A 66-year-old male presented with visual hallucinations. He had chronically elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels without muscle weakness. His hospital course was complicated by hypercapnic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. His hallucinations completely subsided on mechanical ventilation. Elevated CK levels prompted a muscle biopsy, which showed myopathy consistent with acid maltase deficiency disorder (AMDD). This is the first reported case of adult onset AMDD presenting with psychiatric symptoms. Our objective in reporting this case is to encourage early recognition of neuromuscular respiratory failure in AMDD and to reinforce that respiratory failure may develop without associated extremity muscle weakness.
Sleep and Motor Learning: Is There Room for Consolidation?

It is widely believed that sleep is critical to the consolidation of learning and memory. In some skill domains, performance has been shown to improve by 20% or more following sleep, suggesting that sleep enhances learning. However, recent work suggests that those performance gains may be driven by several factors that are unrelated to sleep consolidation, inviting a reconsideration of sleep’s theoretical role in the consolidation of procedural memories. Here we report the first comprehensive investigation of that possibility for the case of motor sequence learning. Quantitative meta-analyses involving 34 articles, 88 experimental groups and 1,296 subjects confirmed the empirical pattern of a large performance gain following sleep and a significantly smaller gain following wakefulness. However, the results also confirm strong moderating effects of 4 previously hypothesized variables: averaging in the calculation of prepost gain scores, build-up of reactive inhibition over training, time of testing, and training duration, along with 1 supplemental variable, elderly status. With those variables accounted for, there was no evidence that sleep enhances learning. Thus, the literature speaks against, rather than for, the enhancement hypothesis. Overall there was relatively better performance after sleep than after wakefulness, suggesting that sleep may stabilize memory. That effect, however, was not consistent across different experimental designs. We conclude that sleep does not enhance motor learning and that the role of sleep in the stabilization of memory cannot be conclusively determined based on the literature to date. We discuss challenges and opportunities for the field, make recommendations for improved experimental design, and suggest approaches to data analysis that eliminate confounds due to averaging over online learning.
TOGA-TAO array sampling schemes and sensor evaluations

The TOGA-TAO array will be fully deployed in the Pacific Ocean by the end of 1994, with a total of 64 ATLAS wind and temperature moorings and 5 PROTEUS/current meter moorings. Implementation of the TAO array began in the latter half of TOGA, and will be continued after TOGA ends in December 1994 as part of national and international programs to improve short-term climate analyses and prediction. The array is directed by NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) and involves international cooperation with scientists and organizations in USA, Japan, France, Korea, and Taiwan. A review of the TAO program, sampling information, and an evaluation of sensor performance are presented. >
Automatic description of buildings with complex rooftops from multiple images

We present a model-based approach to detecting and describing compositions of buildings with complex rooftops. Previous approaches have dealt with either simpler models or models which lack geometric information. In spite of increasing model complexity, we maintain the computation affordable by effectively using multiple overlapping images. We obtain rooftop hypotheses in 3-D by using 3-D lines and junctions generated from multiple images. Image-derived unedited elevation data is used to assist feature matching, and to generate rough cues of the presence of 3-D structures. Experimental results are shown on complex buildings.
Abnormalities in MRI traits of corpus callosum in autism subtype

A number of studies have documented that autism has a neurobiological basis, but the anatomical extent of these neurobiological abnormalities is largely unknown. In this paper, we apply advanced computational techniques to extract 3D models of the corpus callosum (CC) and subsequently analyze the volumetric deficit of the total CC and its five sub-regions in a homogeneous group of autistic children. Moreover, we explore new MRI traits based on the oriented bounding rectangle of the CC, which are the length, width and aspect ratio of the bounding rectangle. These measurements as well as the volumes are compared between patients and controls using t-tests. The results reveal significant reduction in all sub-regions of the CC and some MRI traits in the patients.
'Sweet in the mouth, Bitter in the Belly': Seeing double in an eccentric french renaissance book of hours

This essay introduces and interprets a singular sixteenth-century French Book of Hours (made probably by Noel Bellemare for Jean Lallemant le Jeune) in which fairly standard iconographic scenes are present but the figures appear to be lacking. Questioning whether these images ask the viewer to inhabit the space imaginatively, by projection, or to reconstitute the image internally, the essay suggests a number of analogous image types that can help us understand the practices of "double vision" that such images might have assumed and elicited. It argues in the end that the status of these figureless images changes over the pages of the manuscript to convey a message that, like the book John the Evangelist was forced to eat on Patmos, is "sweeet in the mouth, bitter in the belly".
Off-Grid Residential Hydrogen Energy System

Many energy consuming applications are beyond the realm of a distributed power network. These applications require an economical means for constant and sufficient power. It is the goal of the off-grid Hydrogen project to supply this current and future demand. The project is a mobile unit consisting of inverters, batteries, an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, propane storage, an internal combustion engine generator, and computer unit. A renewable energy source and a water source from the site are connected to the trailer. A residential load will be met using solar renewable energy in the form of solar panels and wind turbines. The mobile device can be brought to off-grid locations to supply the electricity requirements of a current residential lifestyle.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Efficiency of the neighbor-joining method in reconstructing deep and shallow evolutionary relationships in large phylogenies

The neighbor-joining (NJ) method is widely used in reconstructing large phylogenies because of its computational speed and the high accuracy in phylogenetic inference as revealed in computer simulation studies. However, most computer simulation studies have quantified the overall performance of the NJ method in terms of the percentage of branches inferred correctly or the percentage of replications in which the correct tree is recovered. We have examined other aspects of its performance, such as the relative efficiency in correctly reconstructing shallow (close to the external branches of the tree) and deep branches in large phylogenies; the contribution of zero-length branches to topological errors in the inferred trees; and the influence of increasing the tree size (number of sequences), evolutionary rate, and sequence length on the efficiency of the NJ method. Results show that the correct reconstruction of deep branches is no more difficult than that of shallower branches. The presence of zero-length branches in realized trees contributes significantly to the overall error observed in the NJ tree, especially in large phylogenies or slowly evolving genes. Furthermore, the tree size does not influence the efficiency of NJ in reconstructing shallow and deep branches in our simulation study, in which the evolutionary process is assumed to be homogeneous in all lineages.
Assessment of the role of MAP kinase in mediating activity-dependent transcriptional activation of the immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1 in the dentate gyrus in vivo

Different physiological and behavioral events activate transcription of Arc/Arg3.1 in neurons in vivo, but the signal transduction pathways that mediate induction in particular situations remain to be defined. Here, we explore the relationships between induction of Arc/Arg3.1 transcription in dentate granule cells in vivo and activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase as measured by extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. We show that ERK1/2 phosphorylation is strongly induced in dentate granule cells within minutes after induction of perforant path long-term potentiation (LTP). Phospho-ERK staining appears in nuclei within minutes after stimulation commences, and ERK phosphorylation returns to control levels within 60 min. Electroconvulsive seizures, which strongly induce prolonged Arc/Arg3.1 transcription in dentate granule cells, induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in granule cells that returned to control levels within 30 min. Following 30, 60, and 120 min of exploration in a novel complex environment, Arc/Arg3.1 transcription was activated in many more granule cells than stained positively for p-ERK at all time points. Although Arc/Arg3.1 transcription was induced in most pyramidal neurons in CA1 following exploration, very few pyramidal neurons exhibited nuclear p-ERK1/2 staining. Local delivery of U0126 during the induction of perforant path LTP blocked transcriptional activation of Arc/Arg3.1 in a small region near the injection site and blocked Arc/Arg3.1 protein expression over a wider region. Our results indicate that activation of Arc/Arg3.1 transcription in dentate granule cells in vivo is mediated in part by MAP kinase activation, but other signaling pathways also contribute, especially in the case of Arc/Arg3.1 induction in response to experience.
Issues of Health, Appearance and Physical Activity in Aerobic Classes for Women.

The purpose of this research was to explore what appearance-focused messages were conveyed by aerobic instructors in aerobic classes for women. This qualitative research was influenced by the concept of wellness and how feminist pedagogy can be applied to promote individuals’ well-being in aerobic classes. The practices of five aerobic instructors working at two facilities were explored through 14 observations and five interviews. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Findings indicated aerobic instructors often associated health with appearance while promoting messages of physicality for women. The aerobic instructors’ emphasis on the association of health and appearance was displayed through the following three categories: portraying a healthy image, being comfortable with appearance and raised awareness of health and appearance. The categories of focusing on appearance, inflicting gaze on self and participants and encouraging body modification disclosed attention to appearance in th...
A study of the mechanics of microindentation using finite elements

In this paper the finite element method is used to explore the mechanics of the microindentation process. In the simulations discussed, aluminum and silicon are investigated both in their bulk forms and in thin film-substrate combinations. Among the quantities readily computed using this approach and given in this paper are hardness (computed using actual contact area), contact stiffness, effective composite modulus, and surface profile under load. Importantly, this investigation builds on previous work by providing a more critical examination of the amount of pileup (or sink-in) around the indenter in the fully loaded configuration, as well as the variation of the actual contact area during indenter withdrawal. A key conclusion of this study is that finite element simulations do not support the widely used assumption of constancy of area during unloading (for either bulk materials or thin film systems). Furthermore, the amount of pileup or sink-in can be appreciable. The implication of these findings is that for many situations the commonly used straight-line extrapolation of a plastic depth may render an estimate for the contact area that is quite distinct from the actual area. This assertion is demonstrated herein through comparison of hardnesses calculated using actual contact area with values calculated using the straight-line extrapolation of plastic depth.
Thermoelastic bending of the lithosphere: implications for basin subsidence

Summary. Thermoelastic stresses are capable of producing significant lithospheric deflection. A systematic approach to modelling this effect is presented, in which the lithosphere is presumed to behave as a thin, elastic (or viscoelastic) plate on a fluid substrate, and lateral variations in basal heat flow induce both vertical buoyant loads and thermoelastic bending moments. The amount of uplift or subsidence produced by a given heat source depends on a number of factors, including the strength, duration and lateral extent of the thermal anomaly, and the thickness, density, rigidity and viscosity of the plate. The mechanical response of the plate is characterized by two distinct length scales (one for shearing, the other for bending) and the deformation produced depends critically on the scaled width of the heat source. The plate acts as a low pass spatial filter in response to thermal loads, but has a narrow band pass filter response to applied moments. The temporal response to an abrupt change in basal temperature or heat flow also depends on the ratio of the thermal diffusion time for the plate versus the viscoelastic relaxation time of the material. A rapid, localized increase in basal heat flow will initially produce a central depression and a peripheral uplift. Thus, while it is often assumed that the main depositional phase in platform basins is associated with the cooling and contraction of the lithosphere following an earlier thermal doming event, it is shown that, if conditions are right, a basin may also form in direct response to the initial heating event. Either way, subsequent thermal equilibration and viscous stress relaxation will tend to modify the initial deflection profile.
Tamarisk Biocontrol Using Tamarisk Beetles: Potential Consequences For Riparian Birds in the Southwestern United States

Abstract. The tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda spp.), a non-native biocontrol agent, has been introduced to eradicate tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), a genus of non-native tree that has become a dominant component of riparian woodlands in the southwestern United States. Tamarisk beetles have the potential to spread widely and defoliate large expanses of tamarisk habitat, but the effects of such a widespread loss of riparian vegetation on birds remains unknown. We reviewed literature on the effects of other defoliating insects on birds to investigate the potential for tamarisk beetles to affect birds positively or negatively by changing food abundance and vegetation structure. We then combined data on the temporal patterns of tamarisk defoliation by beetles with nest productivity of a well-studied riparian obligate, the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), to simulate the potential demographic consequences of beetle defoliation on breeding riparian birds in both the short and long term. Our resu...
Mycobacterium neoaurum--an unusual cause of infection of vascular catheters: case report and review.

Mycobacterium neoaurum was initially isolated from soil by Tsukamura in 1972 [1]. M. neoaurum has seldom been encountered in human disease; only two cases of infection have been reported, both from Australia [2, 3]. We report the first case of M. neoaurum infection in the United States. In all three cases ([2, 3] and the current case), the presentation consisted of a febrile syndrome in a patient with a long-term indwelling Hickman catheter with mild or absent inflammation and no drainage at the catheter insertion site. M. neoaurum was isolated from multiple cultures of blood obtained through the Hickman catheter in each case. A 46-year-old man with a history of primary pulmonary hypertension presented with a 2-month history of recurring fevers (temperature, to 1037F), diaphoresis, and rigors occurring every other night. A Hickman catheter had been placed 10 months previously for continuous infusion of prostacycline. In between febrile episodes the patient felt well. Physical examination revealed a well-appearing man with a hyperdynamic precordium, palpable pulmonic second sound (P2), fixed split second heart sound (S2), and a loud holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border, unchanged from previous examinations. The Hickman catheter insertion site was mildly indurated with 2 cm of surrounding erythema and mild tenderness; no drainage could be expressed. Physical examination findings were otherwise unremarkable. The WBC count was 4,700/mm 3 with a normal differential. The patient had undergone two previous evaluations for his fevers; these had included four sets of peripheral blood cultures that had demonstrated no growth. He had also received several courses of empiric antibiotics: two courses of 3 days each of intravenous vancomycin and ceftriaxone administered through the Hickman catheter, and a 10-day course of oral amoxicillin/clavulaFigure 1. Mycobacterium neoaurum growth on Lowenstein-Jensen nate. With each treatment he would defervesce, but the fevers media. Note the bright orange-yellow appearance of colonies. would recur within 1 week after antimicrobials had been discontinued. Careful questioning on his third hospital admission revealed that the patient’s wife always flushed his Hickman catheter for cultures which remained without growth, but two cultures of every other night, and his fever syndrome always occurred 3 to 4 blood obtained from the Hickman catheter yielded a rapidly growhours thereafter. He had had no fevers on the nights that his Hick- ing scotochromogenic mycobacterial species after 48 hours, which man catheter was not flushed. Peripheral blood was again obtained was subsequently identified as M. neoaurum by use of biochemical
Stress Granules Modulate SYK to Cause Microglial Cell Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease.

Microglial cells in the brains of Alzheimer's patients are known to be recruited to amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques where they exhibit an activated phenotype, but are defective for plaque removal by phagocytosis. In this study, we show that microglia stressed by exposure to sodium arsenite or Aβ(1–42) peptides or fibrils form extensive stress granules (SGs) to which the tyrosine kinase, SYK, is recruited. SYK enhances the formation of SGs, is active within the resulting SGs and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are toxic to neuronal cells. This sequestration of SYK inhibits the ability of microglial cells to phagocytose Escherichia coli or Aβ fibrils. We find that aged microglial cells are more susceptible to the formation of SGs; and SGs containing SYK and phosphotyrosine are prevalent in the brains of patients with severe Alzheimer's disease. Phagocytic activity can be restored to stressed microglial cells by treatment with IgG, suggesting a mechanism to explain the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous IgG. These studies describe a mechanism by which stress, including exposure to Aβ, compromises the function of microglial cells in Alzheimer's disease and suggest approaches to restore activity to dysfunctional microglial cells.
The Renaissance CIO Project

As the role of the CIO continues to evolve, the determinants of CIO success remain elusive. Numerous articles and books have been written offering solutions to this problem. Is it placement in the organization's reporting structure, a combination of technical and managerial skills, or something more unique? This article identifies the most important role-specific CIO career success factors based on an examination of the careers of fourteen highly successful CIOs selected by a committee of globally respected peers.
Depth Perception and Action in Wearable Augmented Reality: A Pilot Study

Wearable Augmented Reality (AR) is arguably closing the gaps of interaction of user with computers, and computers with the real world. This generates a strong need to understand the neural, cognitive and perceptual mechanisms leveraged by this technology. Because the most advanced wearable AR technologies support gestural interaction with real content, in our study we exploit the well known dissociation between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action to understand how the user's cognitive systems encode the AR space, to introduce novel methodologies to support UI design in AR, and to provide general guidelines for designing visual and interactive spaces in AR. In two experiments we find a dissociation between visual-only estimates of depth and motor finger-reaching to similar elements, supporting the idea that AR space leverages similar mechanisms as the real world, and can be designed accordingly.
Intersystemic Care: How Religious Environmental Praxis Expands the Pastoral Theological Norm of Relational Justice

This essay provides theological reflection, theoretical resources, ethnographic data, and pastoral theological proposals regarding religious environmentalism as a form of intersystemic care that can connect social and ecological justice-making pursuits. The religious environmental praxis of the Central Texas Episcopal Church demonstrates how this form of religious praxis represents efforts at an ecologically inclusive relational justice, a key norm for pastoral theologians. This article explores theological and contextual rationales for pastoral theological engagement with ecological issues as a more thorough way of addressing structures of violence that impede the flourishing of both people and planet.
Multiplexed interactions: viruses of endophytic fungi

Mycoviruses have been detected from all four classes of fungal endophytes. The virus species richness is probably extremely high in endophytes. The incidence and diversity of mycoviruses may be affected by transmission modes, virus-fungus-plant interactions, and endophyte population structures. Endophyte viruses are unlikely to be strong antagonists to their fungal hosts and can clearly play mutualistic roles in the multiplex symbioses with endophytes and plants under some environmental conditions. A better understanding of fungal endophyte viruses will help prospects of future applications for sustainable agriculture.
New Boss Same as the Old Boss: A Look at the GM/UAW VEBA Post-IPO

General Motor’s ability to exit bankruptcy through a public offering of its common stock (IPO) depended heavily on the sacrifices of active and retired members of the United Auto Workers (UAW). A review of the now public filings of GM related to the IPO indicate the significant concessions UAW retirees made to their health care plan, now nominally controlled by the UAW itself through a Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association, or VEBA. The VEBA remains joined at the hip for the foreseeable future to GM itself, yet breaking that dependency was the very purpose of the VEBA when it was first proposed to UAW members by GM and the UAW leadership. In that respect, this joint effort by the UAW and GM must be considered a failure.
Perceptions of Work Environment and Psychological Strain across Categories of Office Jobs

The purpose of this study was to examine worker perceptions of the work environment and psychological strain across job categories, as well as relationships between perceptions of the work environment and strain among office workers. Two-hundred-sixty-two employees from three public service organizations participated in the study. Using a questionnaire, we obtained measures of the work environment and of psychological strain. Office jobs were classified in seven job categories. Discriminant analyses showed that worker perceptions of the work environment varied across job categories, while the variation in strain was minimal. Worker perceptions of the work environment were related to some of the indicators of psychological strain. The most consistent predictor of strain was job control.
Compliance with Renal Dosing Guidelines for Outpatient Antiinfective Prescriptions

Background:More than 80–95% of adverse drug events occurring among renally impaired patients are related to excessive dosing.Objective:To assess current prescribing practices with antiinfectives for patients with estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 51 mL/min who were in a local health care system.Methods:Outpatient antiinfective prescriptions written during a 10-day period in July 2012 were reviewed. The following information was collected for each patient: age, sex, serum creatinine, weight, height, drug dose and schedule, and discharge unit/outpatient service. Kidney function was estimated by calculating CrCl using either the Cockcroft-Gault or the Jelliffe equation. Two resources were used to identify appropriate dosing for renal function; if the 2 resources differed, the stricter of the 2 was used for assessment. Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study.Results:A total of 91 prescriptions, written for 87 different patients, met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. A...
Breeding honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) for more rapid development of larvae and pupae

A shorter development time for the honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) would allow the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans less time to reproduce and may provide the bee colony with some resistance to the mite. 1 developed an accurate way to measure development time, measured variance and heritability of development time of honey bees in Baton Rouge, and determined if colonies with rapidly developing workers produced more rapidly developing queens. Newly hatched larvae were obtained by placing combs that contained eggs into an incubator with no adult workers present. After waiting 1–3 h, newly hatched larvae were identifiable because they had no brood food in their cells. These unfed larvae from different colonies were transferred to a single comb and reared in a nurse colony. Workers ( n = 180) from 26 different colonies averaged (mean ± SD) 114.5 ± 4.3 h for the uncapped larval period and 285.4 ± 5.1 h for the capped period. Heritability ± SEM was 0.41 ± 0.15 for the uncapped and 0.61 ± 0.19 for the capped period. Stocks with rapidly developing workers did not always produce rapidly developing queens (queen-worker regression slope not > 0), so workers must be evaluated rather than queens. These data predict that selective breeding from 10% of the population should reduce the mean capped period of workers by 5 h in a single generation.
A flexible data-driven comorbidity feature extraction framework

Disease and symptom diagnostic codes are a valuable resource for classifying and predicting patient outcomes. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for utilizing disease diagnostic information in a predictive machine learning framework. Our methodology relies on a novel, clustering-based feature extraction framework using disease diagnostic information. To reduce the data dimensionality, we identify disease clusters using co-occurrence statistics. We optimize the number of generated clusters in the training set and then utilize these clusters as features to predict patient severity of condition and patient readmission risk. We build our clustering and feature extraction algorithm using the 2012 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) which contains 7 million hospital discharge records and ICD-9-CM codes. The proposed framework is tested on Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center Electronic Health Records (EHR) from 3041 Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients and the UCI 130-US diabetes dataset that includes admissions from 69,980 diabetic patients. We compare our cluster-based feature set with the commonly used comorbidity frameworks including Charlson's index, Elixhauser's comorbidities and their variations. The proposed approach was shown to have significant gains between 10.7-22.1% in predictive accuracy for CHF severity of condition prediction and 4.65-5.75% in diabetes readmission prediction. HighlightsA data-driven approach for feature extraction from disease diagnostic information.Classification schemes for categorizing patients into high and low-risk cohorts.The new scheme outperforms Charlson's and Elihauser's schemes.
Injury Surveillance in Sichuan in 2012

Objective To analyze the epidemic status of injuries in Sichuan in 2012,and to provide references for formulating effective intervening measures.Methods Data of the first-visit injured patients from 3 sentinel hospitals during Jan.1 to Dec.31 of 2012 were collected and were analyzed with descriptive method.Results Altogether 37 184 injury cases were collected,with gender ratio of male to female of 1.54:1.Injuries were distributed through all age groups and dominated in 25-44 age group.The top 3 leading injury causes for men were fall,animal hurt and sharp instrument hurt in Qingyang district and for women were animal hurt,fall and traffic accicent.While the top 3 leading injuries causes for men were fall,traffic accident and sharp instrument hurt in Qingyang district and for women were fall traffic accident and sharp instrument hurt.The most common injured positions were on the head.The happening time of injuries peaked at 10:00 in Miyi and 20:00 in Qingyang.Conclusion The injury sequnence and incidence-peak time are both deferent between Qingyang district,and thus intervention measures should be carried out pertinently.
On spatial aliasing in the phononic band-structure of layered composites

Abstract The conventional finite element (FE) method has been used to efficiently obtain phononic dispersion relations for a wide range of geometries and materials. The motive of this research is to draw attention to the research community and addressing that special care should be taken in interpreting the FE results of dispersion analysis for some periodic structures whose FE model possesses an artificial periodicity. Layered composites have been investigated as a representative example to study this numerical issue. Despite the simple geometry of layered composites, it is well known that the accuracy of numerical dispersion relations for waves perpendicular to the layers may be highly impaired by the existence of fictitious modes. The spectral distortion stems from an arbitrarily selected unit cell which causes an artificial finite periodicity in the direction parallel to the composite layers, and they are known to be highly dependent on the unit cell configuration. However, this issue has never been thoroughly investigated, and there has been no specific guideline for a proper unit cell configuration for numerical dispersion relations. In this study, using the classical analytical solution for wave motion in the sagittal plane, the authors show that the spectral distortion induced from the artificial finite periodicity are the manifest results of spatial aliasing in the wavevector domain. In order to prevent the spectral distortion in numerical dispersion relations for waves perpendicular to the layers, this study presents a definitive guideline based on an anti-aliasing condition and the effective elastic modulus theory for layered composites and demonstrates its validity.
Ten Things I Wish Someone Had Told Me When I Became a Health Officer

Public health, like politics, is the art of the possible. To maximize effectiveness, public health officers in any jurisdiction should (1) get good data and ensure timely and effective dissemination; (2) prioritize and tackle more difficult initiatives first; (3) find, fight, and win winnable battles in areas where progress is possible but not ensured without focused, strategic effort; (4) support and hire great people and protect them so they can do their jobs; (5) address communicable diseases and environmental health effectively; (6) do not cede the clinical realm—public health programs depend on clinical care and on effective coordination between health care and public health; (7) learn and manage the budget cycle; (8) manage the context; (9) never surprise their boss; and (10) follow core principles.
One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Immobilized Metal Affinity Electrophoresis

Immobilized metal affinity electrophoresis (IMAEP) is a straightforward method in which metal ions are embedded in a polyacrylamide gel strip with a negligible electrophoretic migration. Due to the preferential binding between metal ions and the phosphate group, this method uses immobilized metal ions like iron, manganese, aluminum, or titanium to capture phosphoproteins from a mixture of phosphoprotein and nonphosphoproteins. IMAEP has also been incorporated into a traditional two-dimensional (2D) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) system (isoelectric focusing-PAGE) to increase its resolving power. In 2D IMAEP, the metal ions in polyacrylamide gel strip are overlaid on top of the second dimensional polyacrylamide gel to stop electrophoretic migration of phosphoproteins. Data shows that there is no detrimental effect of SDS in IMAEP on the extraction of phosphoproteins from a mixture of proteins. In addition, SDS exposes phosphate groups by unfolding the phosphoproteins to facilitate metal ion-phosphate binding while supplying the protein with negative charges.
Lions, tigers, and bears, oh sh!t: Semantics versus tabooness in speech production.

While both semantic and highly emotional (i.e., taboo) words can interfere with speech production, different theoretical mechanisms have been proposed to explain why interference occurs. Two experiments investigated these theoretical approaches by comparing the magnitude of these two types of interference and the stages at which they occur during picture naming. Participants named target pictures superimposed with semantic, taboo, or unrelated distractor words that were presented at three different stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOA): -150 ms, 0 ms, or +150 ms. In addition, the duration of distractor presentation was manipulated across experiments, with distractors appearing for the duration of the picture (Experiment 1) or for 350 ms (Experiment 2). Taboo distractors interfered more than semantic distractors, i.e., slowed target naming times, at all SOAs. While distractor duration had no effect on type of interference at -150 or 0 SOAs, briefly presented distractors eliminated semantic interference but not taboo interference at +150 SOA. Discussion focuses on how existing speech production theories can explain interference from emotional distractors and the unique role that attention may play in taboo interference.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Delayed Facial Palsy After Vestibular Schwannoma Resection.

BACKGROUND Preservation of facial nerve function following vestibular schwannoma surgery is a high priority. Even those patients with normal to near-normal function in the early postoperative period remain at risk for delayed facial palsy (DFP). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence and prognosis of DFP and to identify risk factors for its occurrence. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 489 patients who underwent vestibular schwannoma resection at our institution between 2000 and 2014. Delayed facial palsy was defined as deterioration in facial function of at least 2 House-Brackmann (HB) grades between postoperative days 5 to 30. Only patients with a HB grade of I to III by postoperative day 5 were eligible for study inclusion. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one patients with HB grade IV to VI facial weakness at postoperative day 5 were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 368, 60 (16%) patients developed DFP (mean 12 days postoperatively, range: 5-25 days). All patients recovered function to HB grade I to II by a mean of 33 days (range: 7-86 days). Patients that developed DFP had higher rates of gross total resections (83% vs 71%, P = .05) and retrosigmoid approaches (72% vs 52%, P < .01). There was no difference in recovery time between patients who received treatment with steroids, steroids with antivirals, or no treatment at all (P = .530). CONCLUSION Patients with a gross total tumor resection or undergoing a retrosigmoid approach may be at higher risk of DFP. The prognosis is favorable, with patients likely recovering to normal or near-normal facial function within 1 month of onset.
Ovarian cancer associated with inherited mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2

Most hereditary ovarian cancers are associated with germline mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. These genes are involved in many vital cellular functions, including DNA damage recognition, DNA repair, and control of transcription. Prophylactic oophorectomy is the most effective method of reducing ovarian cancer risk in women known to carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Women with BRCA1-associated ovarian cancers seem to have a somewhat better survival than women with sporadic ovarian cancer. Loss of BRCA1 function may impact response to chemotherapy via effects on DNA damage response. Research priorities include designing functional tests for BRCA1 and BRCA2, understanding the impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on response to specific cancer therapies, and development of innovative cancer prevention strategies in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.