cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shaping ability of WaveOne Gold reciprocating file with and without glidepath in artificial S-shaped canals

Aim: Most authors have recognized that coronal pre-flaring has several advantages and it provides accordance with the objectives of endodontic treatment. Together with glidepath, it constitutes the most appropriate work sequence for the success of canal shaping. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of glidepath on canal transportation and centring ability, using the WaveOne Gold with and without glidepath. Methodology: 40 standard clear resin “S” shaped Endo Training Blocks (Dentsply, Maillefer, Switzerland) divided into two groups of 20 blocks were used in this study. The first group was prepared using WaveOne Gold Glider and WaveOne Gold while the second group was prepared with WaveOne Gold only. After the preparation, the amount of canal transportation, centring ratio, angle and radius of curvature, were measured on superimposed photos taken with an optical microscope. The two groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Student significant difference test. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Less transportation and better centring ability occurred when using glidepath before root canal preparation (P<.0001). In these two groups there was a significant variation in the angles and radius of curvature compared to the initial values ​​and this variation was found to be reduced when using glidepath. Conclusions: Canal modifications seem to be significantly reduced when previous glide path was performed before using the WaveOne Gold. The use of glidepath reduced significantly the root canal transportation, minimized the curvatures straightening after the preparation and revealed a better centring ability.
70. Improvements in Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents after Implementation of a Clinical Decision Guideline within the Emergency Room Setting

Background Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecologic problem among adolescents, and is broadly described as menstrual bleeding that is abnormal in timing, duration, or quantity. While there are abundant guidelines for assessment and management of this condition in adults, there is no current standard of practice for the adolescent population. This lack of standardized recommendations, combined with provider knowledge gaps, often leads to disorderly workup and management. Dell Children's Medical Center (DCMC) created an AUB clinical guidelines pathway, published in May 2015, for use in the emergency department to standardize clinical decision-making. The utilization rate by emergency department practitioners, as well as the impact of standardizing practice with this pathway, has yet to be studied. Methods A 14-question survey was designed to assess if DCMC providers have awareness of the protocol, if they use it to assist with management, and their general knowledge of broad concepts reinforced within the protocol. The survey was emailed to attending physicians, associate providers, fellows, and pediatrics and emergency medicine resident physicians who have worked in the ER at Dell Children's for at least 6 months. Results A response rate of 40% was achieved. Half of respondents were residents. 72% reported that they do refer to the above-mentioned protocol for guidance on management and treatment of adolescent patients, and over 90% access the protocol through the DCMC intranet. Of those who don't use the protocol, 30% stated they use their own personal practice guidelines. All answered correctly that "A sterile speculum exam is not indicated for every patient", and 86% appropriately answered “false” to the statement "A pelvic ultrasound is always the first step in work-up for abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents". However, despite most providers stating that they used the protocol, over half (53%) answered “false” to the statement “All patients presenting with AUB should be screened for a bleeding disorder”. Additionally, 22% of respondents answered incorrectly when asked about absolute contraindications to estrogen therapies. Conclusions Overall, the response rate and respondent make-up of this survey provided an accurate representation of the providers that work in the DCMC emergency department. While most providers have knowledge of the clinical guidelines protocol and state they use it, the responses reveal significant knowledge gaps in the appropriate diagnosis and management of this condition from both resident and attending providers. Further education of physicians regarding AUB in adolescents, as well as easier access to the protocol may be helpful in improving provider compliance.
Platonic Synergy: A Circular Reading of the Sophist and Timaeus

The Sophist, with its ostensible goal of locating and defining the sophist, is among the Platonic dialogues often read by rhetoricians. Plato’s Timaeus, less so. This has been an oversight because ...
Fitness Apps: Motivating Students to Move

The purpose of this article is to introduce and highlight four fitness/skill-based applications (apps) that can be used during physical education and at home to motivate students and their families to engage in regular physical activity.
Abstract P2-13-27: Nipple sparing mastectomy: Risks of wound complication in the setting of neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy

Background: Surgical care of breast cancer has evolved significantly over the past 40 years. Nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) and skin sparing mastectomy (SSM) have become an increasingly used surgical management for women with malignant breast disease. To date, there are limited recommendations about the role of NSM in patients receiving aggressive adjuvant therapy. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether NSM in the setting of neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy increased the risks for wound complications. Methods: A retrospective chart review of nipple sparing mastectomies at a single institution was performed from 2007 to 2014. Multiple data points including neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, obesity, smoking history, and type of reconstructive surgery were examined in detail. Results: We counted the procedures by breasts affected and identified 76 NSM in the time period which met criteria. Of the 76 NSMs, 27 breasts received neo-adjuvant(20) or adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation(7) therapy. 21 breasts in the NSM group developed wound complications including skin flap necrosis (5), total nipple necrosis and loss (11) hematoma (2) infection(2) and seroma(1). The complications were seen in 11 in the non adjuvant treated setting (14%) and 9 (33%) in the adjuvant therapy setting. Conclusions: Nipple sparing mastectomy are emerging as safe and adequate options for the management of malignant breast disease. Our results show there is a significant risk of wound complication associated with neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the setting of nipple sparing mastectomy. We are pursuing the development of new surgical techniques and guidelines to reduce these risks in these high risk patients. Citation Format: Selyne Samuel, Rebecca Viscusi, Amy Waer, Victor Gonzalez, Pavani Chalasani, Craig Hurst, Ethan Larson, Robert Livingston, Michele Ley. Nipple sparing mastectomy: Risks of wound complication in the setting of neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-27.
Reduced Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide Oxidase-catalyzed Alterations of Membrane Phospholipids VI. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN MITOCHONDRIA ASSOCIATED WITH INACTIVATION OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT ACTIVITY

Abstract These studies are part of an effort to determine how the activities of certain membrane-bound oxidoreductase systems affect the structure and function of the membranes in which they are situated. This report shows that the mitochondrial oxidation of TPNH in the presence of physiological quantities of Fe3+ results in reproducible polyunsaturated fatty acid degradation which is accompanied by a marked loss in mitochondrial capacity to oxidize Krebs cycle intermediates and to perform oxidative phosphorylation. The enzyme responsible for the changes appears to be the mitochondrial non-energy-dependent transhydrogenase. The phenomenon may account for some of the turnover of lipids in mitochondrial membranes.
Urban highway bridge structure health assessments using wireless sensor network

This paper presents a wireless sensor network for assessing the structural health of urban highway bridges. Sensor data were collected on two pre-stressed box beam bridges (PSBB) with eight wireless sensor nodes. The wireless sensor was able to collect one hundred Accelerometer data samples per second without losing any wireless sensor data. Application software was developed to transform the sample data into frequency domain. Sensor data from all eight wireless sensor nodes have shown the similar peak frequencies with multiple trial runs on the same bridge. The peak frequency component was unique to each highway bridge. The signal to noise ratio in frequency domain is greater than seven to one. By comparing the actual wireless sensor data with the predictions from a finite element bridge model, a hypothesis of evaluating the structural health of the bridge was presented.
Older Adults and Unanticipated Hospital Admission within 30 Days of Ambulatory Surgery: An Analysis of 53,667 Ambulatory Surgical Procedures.

Objectives To evaluate whether age is independently associated with greater rate of unanticipated hospital admission within 30 days of ambulatory surgery. Design Retrospective database study. Setting The 2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Project data set. Participants All individuals with “outpatient” recorded as their status in the data set. Measurements The primary outcome of interest was all-cause hospital admission in the 30-day period after surgery. Multivariate models were constructed to control for covariate bias. Assessment of interactions of terms in the final model was performed using a conditional tree analysis. Results The final analysis included 53,667 ambulatory surgical cases. There were 1,370 (2.5%, 99% confidence interval (CI) = 2.4–2.7%) hospital admissions among the cases evaluated. After adjusting for potential confounders, age (<70 vs ≥70) was independently associated with hospital admission (odds ratio = 1.54, 99% CI = 1.29–1.84). A classification tree analysis of the cases without postoperative morbidity identified age (<60 vs ≥60) as an important decision point leading to greater likelihood of admission (P < .001) within 30 days after ambulatory surgery. Conclusion Even after adjusting for comorbidities, older adults are at greater risk of unanticipated hospital admission within 30 days of ambulatory surgery. Renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, current cancer treatment, diabetes mellitus, and history of amputation or revascularization were also associated with greater likelihood of hospital admission. Interventions to improve transitions of care for older adults after ambulatory surgery are needed.
Evidence for pre-sliding tangential deflections in MEMS friction

We have developed a new inchworm actuator, consisting of a plate and two frictional clamps, which utilizes leveraged bending for improved amplitude control. Here we investigate its friction characteristics. We measure its average slip per cycle as a function of friction load and independently measure the clamp friction coefficients. A model is developed that takes into account the electromechanics of the actuation plate, boundary conditions and clamp friction. We find that the model does not satisfactorily describe the operation of the actuator. We attribute this to pre-sliding tangential deflections and devise a test whose results are consistent with this phenomenon. This suggests that stable pre-sliding deflections control the behavior of nanometer-scale slip events in MEMS.
Porcine submaxillary mucin contains a cystine-rich, carboxyl-terminal domain in addition to a highly repetitive, glycosylated domain

The sequence of a 3.65-kilobase cDNA encoding a large portion of the polypeptide chain of porcine submaxillary mucin (apomucin) has been completed. The encoded polypeptide contains 1150 residues with the carboxyl-terminal 240 residues forming a globular domain that is rich in half-cystine, but deficient in sites for oligosaccharide attachment. The remaining 910 residues preceding the half-cystine-rich domain appear devoid of secondary structures, but they are rich in serine and threonine to which the O-linked oligosaccharides are bound. The first 391 residues of apomucin contain several tandemly repeated, identical sequences of 81 residues. Blots of genomic DNA partially digested with restriction nucleases show that at least 25 of these identical repeats are present in apomucin. The amino acid composition of apomucin isolated in the absence of protease inhibitors was shown earlier (Eckhardt, A. E., Timpte, C. S., Abernethy, J. L., Toumadje, A., Johnson, W. C., Jr., and Hill, R. L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 11339-11344) to be devoid of half-cystine. In contrast, the amino acid composition of mucin purified in the presence of protease inhibitors contains half-cystine in amounts predicted by the cDNA sequence and also suggests that this mucin has about 25 tandem repeats. Thus, apomucin contains at least 2800 amino acid residues. Moreover, immunoblots of apomucin prepared in the presence or the absence of protease inhibitors, with antibodies specific for the half-cystine-rich domains or the tandem repeat sequences, show that the half-cystine-rich domain is absent in apomucin unless protease inhibitors are present throughout. Both types of mucin, however, contain the highly repetitive sequences. The molecular weight of undegraded apomucin has not been established exactly, but gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride suggests that it is considerably higher than 250,000. RNA blot analysis shows that apomucin mRNA is large and polydisperse in accord with the message size necessary to synthesize the large apomucin polypeptide. These structural features of apomucin suggest a model for the structure of the mucin molecule that correlates well with its reported properties.
Alienated: A Reworking of the Racialization Thesis after September 11th

This article revises widespread application of the racialization thesis to Arabs, Muslims, and South Asians following September 11. It suggests in its place an “alienation thesis” to describe the formation of an alien identity for those perceived and treated as noncitizens. This thesis draws on Asian American and critical race scholarship to re-interpret sociological understandings of the post-September 11 response to Arabs, Muslims, and South Asians. The article concludes that shifting conceptions of this phenomenon is critical to reforming “alienating” practices that function not only to cause harm to their intended targets, but also to distort the legal requirements of immigration law and equality jurisprudence.
Postsurgical hemodynamics of the aortic valve bypass operation evaluated with phase contrast magnetic resonance.

Purpose: To characterize the postsurgical hemodynamics in aortic valve bypass (AVB) patients, and to determine the relationship between presurgical native aortic valve pressure gradient and postsurgical hemodynamics. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients scheduled for AVB surgery underwent presurgical transthoracic Doppler echocardiography to assess the degree of aortic stenosis and postsurgical cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to acquire phase contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) flow values along the ascending and descending aorta, and in the conduit. Net flow values were calculated from the PCMR images and compared to presurgical aortic valve pressure gradient measurements. Results: PCMR showed that: 1) The blood flow split between the aorta and the conduit was 35%:65% of cardiac output and 2) 60% of patients had net retrograde blood flow in the superior thoracic aorta over the cardiac cycle. Patients with presurgical pressure gradient (DP) > 45 mmHg had significantly less blood flow out of the native aorta than patients with DP < 45 mmHg, and had significantly more retrograde flow in the superior thoracic aorta postsurgery. Conclusion: In patients undergoing AVB, presurgical aortic valve pressure gradient is associated with the volume of blood flow out the aorta and the direction of blood flow in the superior thoracic aorta after conduit addition as measured by PCMR.
Stem Cells and Regeneration: Feedback, Niche, and Epigenetic Regulation

In developing and renewing tissues, terminally differentiated cell types are typically specified through the actions of multistage cell lineages. Such lineages commonly include a stem cell and multiple progenitor cell stages, which ultimately give rise to terminally differentiated cells. In this talk, I will present several modeling frameworks with different complexity on multistage cell lineages driven by stem cells, which account for diffusive signaling molecules, regulatory networks, cellular shapes, mechanics, and evolution. Questions of our interest include role of feedbacks in regeneration, stem cell niche for tissue spatial organization, crosstalk between epigenetic and genetic regulations. In several cases, we will also present direct comparisons between our modeling outputs and some existing and new in-vivo and in-vitro data.
Characterization of the structural and protein recognition properties of hybrid PNA-DNA four-way junctions.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the structure and protein recognition properties of hybrid four-way junctions (4WJs) composed of DNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) strands. We compare a classic immobile DNA junction, J1, vs. six PNA-DNA junctions, including a number with blunt DNA ends and multiple PNA strands. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis reveals that hybrid 4WJs are composed of helices that possess structures intermediate between A- and B-form DNA, the apparent level of A-form structure correlates with the PNA content. The structure of hybrids that contain one PNA strand is sensitive to Mg(+2). For these constructs, the apparent B-form structure and conformational stability (Tm) increase in high Mg(+2). The blunt-ended junction, b4WJ-PNA3, possesses the highest B-form CD signals and Tm (40.1 °C) values vs. all hybrids and J1. Protein recognition studies are carried out using the recombinant DNA-binding protein, HMGB1b. HMGB1b binds the blunt ended single-PNA hybrids, b4WJ-PNA1 and b4WJ-PNA3, with high affinity. HMGB1b binds the multi-PNA hybrids, 4WJ-PNA1,3 and b4WJ-PNA1,3, but does not form stable protein-nucleic acid complexes. Protein interactions with hybrid 4WJs are influenced by the ratio of A- to B-form helices: hybrids with helices composed of higher levels of B-form structure preferentially associate with HMGB1b.
CORRECTION OF LOGISTIC REGRESSION RELATIVE RISK ESTIMATES AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR MEASUREMENT ERROR: THE CASE OF MULTIPLE COVARIATES MEASURED WITH ERROR

If several risk factors for disease are considered in the same multiple logistic regression model, and some of these risk factors are measured with error, the point and interval estimates of relative risk corresponding to any of these factors may be biased either toward or away from the null value. A method is provided for correcting point and interval estimates of relative risk obtained from logistic regression for measurement error in one or more continuous variables. The method requires a separate validation study to estimate the coefficients from the multivariate linear regression model relating the surrogate variables to the vector of true risk factors. Similar methods have been suggested by other authors, but none provides a means of correcting the confidence intervals which include a component of variability due to estimation of the measurement error parameters from a validation study. An example is provided from a prospective study of dietary fat, calories, and alcohol in relation to breast cancer, and from a validation study of the questionnaire used to assess these nutrients. Before correcting for measurement error, the age-adjusted relative risk for a 25 g increment in alcohol intake was 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.55); after correcting for measurement error, the relative risk increased to 1.62 (95% CI 1.23-2.12). Similarly, for a 10 g increment in saturated fat intake, the age-adjusted relative risk was 0.94 (95% CI 0.83-1.06); after correcting for measurement error, the relative risk was 0.84 (95% CI 0.59-1.20). These results indicate that the failure to find a substantial positive association between breast cancer risk and saturated fat intake cannot be explained by measurement error in fat, calories, or alcohol.
Should We Perform a New Adjuvant Trial with Bevacizumab

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Complete surgical resection continues to be the mainstay of treatment, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in all stage III and selected stage II patients. Initial adjuvant clinical trials compared bio-modulated 5-fluorouracil to observation and showed significant improvements in outcomes establishing a role for adjuvant chemotherapy. Experience from subsequent trials suggests that oxaliplatin added to a fluoropyrimidine is the most active combination in the adjuvant setting. In contrast, irinotecan and cetuximab have both failed in the adjuvant setting in spite of proven activity in metastatic disease. Two recent clinical trials provide convincing evidence that bevacizumab also may not improve outcomes in the adjuvant setting. The reasons for these negative results remain unknown. Here, we discuss the results of the adjuvant bevacizumab trials and potential explanations for these findings.
[Action spectra for lethality in recombination-less strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli].

Abstract— Action spectra for lethality of both stationary and exponentially growing cells of recombinationless (recA) mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli were obtained. Maximum sensitivity was observed at 260nm which corresponds to the maximum absorbance of DNA. However, a shoulder occurred in the 280–300 nm range that departed significantly from the absorption spectrum of DNA. At wavelengths longer than 320nm, the shapes of inactivation curves departed significantly from those at wavelengths shorter than 320nm and survival curves at wavelengths longer than 320nm had a large shoulder. A small peak or shoulder occurred in the 330–340nm region of the action spectra. The special sensitivity of recA mutants to broad spectrum near-UV radiation may be due to synergistic effects of different wavelengths. Parallels between the inactivation of recA mutants and the induction of a photoproduct of l-tryptophan toxic for recA mutants (now known to be H2O2) suggest that H2O2 photoproduct from endogenous tryptophan may be involved in the high sensitivity of these strains to broad spectrum near-UV radiation.
August's child is … favoured by fortune

Our last issue1 told how some children born under Sagittarius are denied childcare. Here Lauren M. Brewer and James J. Cochran tell how the disadvantage of birth-month can pursue a child through later education – and through life.
Particle Deposition in Wakes: Inertial and Coulombic Effects on Capture By Single and Multiple Spheres in Line

Ten-micrometer dioctylphthalate droplets tagged with sodium fluorescein were collected on six metal spheres, 0.6 cm in diameter and arranged in a line parallel to the axis of flow. The particles carried negative charge in the range 0.9–1.7 × 10−5 stC while the collectors were charged positively in the range 8.0–23.0 stC. The carrier stream velocities used were 600, 1200, 1500, 1800, and 2400 cm/s and spacings between targets of two through six diameters center-to-center were tested. Collection efficiencies for each target were determined by measuring the number of deposited particles, and the particle concentration in the air stream using fluorometric techniques. An effective Coulombic attraction parameter K Eeff , was defined to take into account non-Stokesian drag during particle collection at high velocities. This term was combined with an effective Stokes number to provide the empirical relation, for single spherical targets: η= 1.4[Stk eff + (2K Eeff )1/2]. A model is presented to describe the concen...
Wet-on-Wet Padding for Energy Conservation

We report a reconstitution method which could provide consistent shade depth and add-on in wet-on-wet pad/batch dyeing and finishing. Textile wet processing involves many steps of wetting and drying. Eliminating some of them by the wet-on-wet process could save energy. For a continuous process, due to the fast fabric movement, a wet fabric also could enhance chemical penetration for the improvement of properties and savings on auxiliary chemicals. One common problem associated with wet-on-wet process is that after padding several hundred yards of yarns/fabrics, chemical add-on is considerably decreased, resulting in the decreased shade depth or performance of the finished goods. This phenomenon is the result of water interchange in the chemical pad. Once the water interchange rate is obtained, quality of wet-on-wet finished materials could be controlled.
ab-plane anisotropy in single-domain Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 high-temperature superconductors

Abstract The anisotropy of the ab -plane optical conductivity and de resistivity of single-domain Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 crystals has been measured between 20 and 300 K. There is a modest normal-state anisotropy, optical anisotropy below T c , and an unexpected anisotropy in the resistive transition.
Após o marxismo:Liberalismo democrático e reconhecimento hegeliano

Este artigo trata da oposicao entre liberalismo e marxismo e mostra que o problema politico moderno deve ser pensado a partir de uma forma atualizada da teoria hegeliana do reconhecimento.
All the Pain Along with All the Joy: Spiritual Resilience in Lesbian and Gay Christians

Resilience among lesbian and gay (LG) Christians has received limited attention. We present results from a qualitative study of 27 LG Christians, for whom religion had high salience. The study explored the process of integrating sexual orientation with spirituality. Moving from recognition of incongruence between faith and sexual orientation to integration was found to be a resilience-building process. Through descriptive and process approaches, we identified three primary pathways individuals used to integrate their faith and sexual orientation: transforming theological meaning; finding a safe-enough congregation; and finding an affirming congregation. Some worked for social justice within congregations as part of the resilience-building process. We discuss important decision points for LG Christians that included critical evaluation of extant and potential support systems, redefining scripture and tradition, and transforming communities. A model for LG Christian Spiritual Resilience is presented.
Influence of dielectric relaxation on thermal electrical characteristics of SrTiO3 thin films with Pt electrodes

In this presentation we report on the influence of dielectric relaxation on the thermal leakage characteristics of Pt/SrTiO3/Pt thin film structures. We study the influence of temperature and time-dependent leakage currents on recently reported phenomena such as anomalous positive temperature coefficient of resistivity and resistive switching behavior. SrTiO3 was chosen as a model thin film because the dielectric relaxation is not influenced by ferroelectric polarization, as, for example, for (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films. We have measured the leakage currents of sputtered, strongly (110) textured SrTiO3 thin films with Pt top and bottom electrodes as a function of time, film thickness, bias field and temperature. We show that apparent dielectric relaxation times decrease with film thickness and increasing temperature and ranged between 1 C?I 100 seconds. We show that hysteresis in the I?V characteristics is strongly correlated with the non-steady state characteristics of the electrical characteristics. The sign of the applied bias field influenced both dielectric relaxation times and hysteresis, reflecting different trap state distributions near bottom and top contacts and/or different barrier heights. Measurements of the leakage currents under applied bias fields as a function of temperature showed distinctive peak was observed around 260K that could be correlated with non-steady state current. We show that for thick films results can be interpreted in terms of trapping/detrapping in the ! depletion region of the blocking contacts. Finally we report on the influence of oxygen vacancies on the hysteresis of the I?V characteristics and non-steady state current.
Phase separation in the iron chalcogenide superconductor Fe1+yTexSe1−x

We present direct evidence for phase separation and chemical inhomogeneity in Fe1+yTexSe1−x single crystals from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) data. In STEM, images recorded using a high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector show characteristic nanometer-scale patterns of phase separation from the Z-dependent image contrast. The separation was observed both in non-superconducting samples with excess iron and in superconducting samples. Using EELS, we determined ~20% (or lower) fluctuation in Te concentration from the average local compositions by integrating the intensity of the Te-M4,5 edge. The energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) of the Fe-L2,3 edge changes with varying composition, especially the L3/L2 white-line intensity ratio, which is sensitive to the d-state occupancy of the Fe. The results suggest a miscibility gap in the Fe1+yTexSe1−x system and changes in the d-electron states at the nanometer scale from the separated phases.
Asymptotic prime divisors of torsion-free symmetric powers of modules

Let R be a Noetherian ring, F:=Rr and M⊆F a submodule of rank r. Let A∗¯(M) denote the stable value of Ass(Fn/Mn¯), for n large, where Fn is the nth symmetric power of Fn and Mn is the image of the nth symmetric power of M in Fn. We provide a number of characterizations for a prime ideal to belong to A∗¯(M). We also show that A∗¯(M)⊆A∗(M), where A∗(M) denotes the stable value of Ass(Fn/Mn).
Static Vacuum Solution of Direct Poincaré Gauge Theory in Ten Dimensions with Four External

A torsion-free solution of the free gauge field equations of direct Poincare gauge theory on a ten-dimensional Minkowski space is constructed. This solution exhibits nontrivial curvature two-forms, but shaves the metric structure down to that of a four-dimensional Minkowski space. Universality of this solution with respect to the choice of the free field Lagrangian is established.
Understanding attributions of victim blame for rape: Sex, violence, and foreseeability.

We examined why persons blame some rape victims more than others. In two experiments, college students read nine rape descriptions and assigned blame for each incident. Students were randomly assigned to read only one version of each description in which we manipulated a variety of variables thought to influence victim blame. In addition, participants rated whether each assault victim might have derived sexual pleasure from the event (both experiments) and whether the victim should have foreseen the event (Experiment 2). Across experiments, variations within several of the rape descriptions (e.g., victim respectability, assault “enjoyment”) produced differences in victim blaming. More importantly, in Experiment 1, judgments of whether the victim experienced sexual pleasure strongly predicted blame attributions. In Experiment 2, regression analyses demonstrated that both perceptions of pleasure and foreseeability predicted victim blaming within and across incidents. On the basis of these data, we propose an explanation of victim blaming for rape that relies on two theoretical variables: intentions and foreseeability. Neither the Defensive Attribution Hypothesis or the Just World Theory accounts for the findings, but the data generally fit Shaver's (1985) theory of the attribution of blame.
An Economic and Geographic Appraisal of a Spatial Natural Hazard Risk: A Study of Landslide Mitigation Rules

Natural hazards in the form of landslides are pervasive throughout the United States. Efficient mitigation of natural hazards requires a spatial representation of the risk, based upon the geographic distribution of physical parameters and man-related development activities. Through such a representation, the spatial probability of landslides based upon physical science concepts is estimated for Cincinnati, Ohio. Mitigation programs designed to reduce loss from landslide natural hazards are then evaluated. An optimum mitigation rule is suggested that is spatially selective and is determined by objective measurements of hillside slope and properties of the underlying soil.
Gene flow and biological conflict systems in the origin and evolution of eukaryotes.

The endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotes brought together two disparate genomes in the cell. Additionally, eukaryotic natural history has included other endosymbiotic events, phagotrophic consumption of organisms, and intimate interactions with viruses and endoparasites. These phenomena facilitated large-scale lateral gene transfer and biological conflicts. We synthesize information from nearly two decades of genomics to illustrate how the interplay between lateral gene transfer and biological conflicts has impacted the emergence of new adaptations in eukaryotes. Using apicomplexans as example, we illustrate how lateral transfer from animals has contributed to unique parasite-host interfaces comprised of adhesion- and O-linked glycosylation-related domains. Adaptations, emerging due to intense selection for diversity in the molecular participants in organismal and genomic conflicts, being dispersed by lateral transfer, were subsequently exapted for eukaryote-specific innovations. We illustrate this using examples relating to eukaryotic chromatin, RNAi and RNA-processing systems, signaling pathways, apoptosis and immunity. We highlight the major contributions from catalytic domains of bacterial toxin-systems to the origin of signaling enzymes (e.g. ADP-ribosylation and small-molecule messenger synthesis), mutagenic enzymes for immune receptor diversification and RNA-processing. Similarly, we discuss contributions of bacterial antibiotic/siderophore synthesis systems and intra-genomic and intra-cellular selfish elements (e.g. restriction-modification, mobile elements and lysogenic phages) in the emergence of chromatin remodeling/modifying enzymes and RNA-based regulation. We develop the concept that biological conflict systems served as evolutionary “nurseries” for innovations in the protein world, which were delivered to eukaryotes via lateral gene flow to spur key evolutionary innovations all the way from nucleogenesis to lineage-specific adaptations.
Iodidotris(triphenyl-phosphine)copper(I) acetonitrile solvate.

The title compound, [CuI(C18H15P)3]·C2H3N, was obtained from the reaction of triphenyl­phosphine and copper(I) iodide in acetonitrile. The monomeric form of the complex has slightly distorted coordination of Cu by the I atom and three P atoms. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions between phenyl H atoms and phenyl rings. In addition, the complex mol­ecules exhibit C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds between phenyl H atoms and acetonitrile N atoms. The crystal used was an inversion twin, with nearly equal component populations of 0.522 (8) and 0.478 (8).
Fracturing a nanoparticle

Conventional wisdom and indirect studies suggest that the mechanical properties of nanoparticles can be considerably different than their bulk properties would predict. However, little is actually known about their mechanical behaviour because of the practical difficulties in investigating individual particles. Direct experimental studies of these properties require knowledge of the crystallographic orientation, size and microstructure of the nanoparticle in order to be complete. By deforming a single nanoparticle in the transmission electron microscope we have been able to determine each of these parameters of an isolated silicon nanoparticle a priori. With this approach, we could then directly examine dynamic deformation processes and demonstrate the first direct observation of plasticity-induced cleavage fracture of a silicon nanoparticle in compression.
Physiologic responses to arm ergometry exercise relative to age and gender.

Abstract Arm ergometry exercise testing is a valuable alternative method used in the evaluation and management of patients with both cardiac disease and lower limb impairment. The purpose of this study is to provide information concerning the physiologic responses of normal healthy subjects to arm ergometry relative to age and gender, which could serve as a standard for comparison. Eighty healthy subjects (age 22 to 59 years) cycled at 75 to 80 rpm (on a bicycle adapted for arm ergometry) starting at a power output of 10 W, increasing at 10 W/2 min until exhaustion. Sixty subjects were classified on the basis of age into three groups, each with 10 men and 10 women. Men achieved significantly (p Separate regression equations for predicting oxygen consumption at each power output were formulated for men and women and validated in 20 other subjects. Small differences in measured and predicted oxygen consumption at each stage were found. These data provide additional information concerning arm ergometry testing and should prove useful in diagnostic exercise testing and cardiac rehabilitation.
Quasi-Static Torsion Characterization of Micro-diameter Copper Wires

A method to measure very small torques that subject micro-diameter copper wires to plasticity is developed for quasi-static torsion experiment. Following the concept in the work by Fleck et al. (Acta Metall. Mater. 42:2, 1994), we employed a glass fiber filament as the torque cell. To calculate the small torques applied on the micro-diameter copper wires, an additional rotation sensor is required to measure the rotation of the glass fiber torque cell. The rotation sensor system is attached between the glass fiber and the copper wire specimen. It uses a laser extensometer to gauge the distance between a helical and a horizontal reflection tapes on a foam cylinder, which is calibrated with the angle of rotation. A new set of torsional experimental data for the copper wires with four different diameters, from 16–180 μm, are presented. All copper wires exhibit a typical elastic-plastic response. The torsional properties of these copper wires were not found to be significantly different. The uncertainties of the measurement and analysis are discussed.
Identifying therapeutic targets in a combined EGFR-TGFβR signalling cascade using a multiscale agent-based cancer model.

Applying a previously developed non-small cell lung cancer model, we assess ‘cross-scale’ the therapeutic efficacy of targeting a variety of molecular components of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway. Simulation of therapeutic inhibition and amplification allows for the ranking of the implemented downstream EGFR signalling molecules according to their therapeutic values or indices. Analysis identifies mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase as top therapeutic targets for both inhibition and amplification-based treatment regimen but indicates that combined parameter perturbations do not necessarily improve the therapeutic effect of the separate parameter treatments as much as might be expected. Potential future strategies using this in silico model to tailor molecular treatment regimen are discussed.
Mouse hemoglobin from bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood cells.

SummaryUpon fractionation by starch-gel electrophoresis:(1) In the mouse with the single-type hemoglobin (C57BL/Cum) or the mouse with the β chain component being from the single-electrophoretic benzidine-positive fraction of the same mobility as that of hemoglobin from the peripheral blood was found in cell hemolyzates of bone marrow and spleen,(2) In the mouse with diffuse type hemoglobin (Tenn-Swiss) or with the β chain component from the diffuse type of hemoglobin (αC57BL/CumβBALB/c), previously reported four hemoglobin fractions were seen in the peripheral blood; however, only two benzidine-positive fractions were found in the spleen and bone marrow.Phenylhydrazine-induced anemia is accompanied by changes in the electrophoretically fractionated benzidine-positive materials from spleen and bone marrow and in the hemoglobin fractions from the peripheral blood.
Protection cérébrale médicamenteuse : agents spécifiques

Resume L'entree de sodium dans la cellule est la premiere marche de la cascade ischemique. Il a ete recemment demontre que le fait de diminuer le flux des ions passant par les canaux voltage-dependants a Na + raccourcissait l'activite des recepteurs NMDA provenant de cellules d'hippocampe cultivees, dans lesquelles la phosphorylation oxydative et la glycolyse avaient ete bloquees. L'implication de cette decouverte est qu'en bloquant les phenomenes initiaux de la cascade ischemique, phenomenes qui ne provoquent pas de lesion neuronale directe, on reduisait les lesions induites par les evenements survenant plus loin dans la cascade ischemique. Par ailleurs, il semble raisonnable de supposer qu'en bloquant les marches initiales de la cascade, ce qui differe grandement dans l'essence du bloquage des recepteurs au glutamate et du captage des radicaux libres, on allait reduire la probabilite qu'il y a d'interferer avec les mecanismes internes, ou endogenes, de protection et de reparation de la cellule neuronale. La protection cerebrale pharmacologique cliniquement utile, prophylactique, sera donc, dans le futur, assuree par des agents qui agiront en amont de la cascade et non en aval. Pour la protection pharmacologique, qui ne peut etre initiee qu'apres un accident ischemique, plus nous connaitrons les phenomenes endogenes de reparation, ou pharmacologie genetique, plus nous nous approcherons du but, a savoir augmenter les benefices et diminuer les couts d'une intervention en aval de la cascade ischemique.
Meropenem and Chromacef Intermediates Observed in IMP-25 Metallo-β-Lactamase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Metallo-β-lactamases inactivate most β-lactam antibacterials, and much attention has been paid to their catalytic mechanism. One issue of controversy has been whether β-lactam hydrolysis generally proceeds through an anionic intermediate bound to the active-site Zn(II) ions or not. The formation of an intermediate has not been shown conclusively in imipenemase (IMP) enzymes to date. Here, we provide evidence that intermediates are formed during the hydrolysis of meropenem and chromacef catalyzed by the variant IMP-25 and, to a lesser degree, IMP-1.
A biomechanical evaluation of locked plating for distal fibula fractures in an osteoporotic sawbone model.

Abstract Background Supination external rotation (SER) injuries are commonly fixed with a one third tubular neutralization plate. This study investigated if a combination locked plate with additional fixation options was biomechanically superior in osteoporotic bone and comminuted fracture models. Methods Using an osteoporotic and a comminuted Sawbones model, SER injuries were fixed with a lag screw for simple oblique fibula fractures, and either a one third tubular neutralization plate or a locking plate. Samples were tested in stiffness, peak torque, displacement at failure, and torsion fatigue. Results There was no statistically significant difference in biomechanical testing for fractures treated with a lag screw and plate. For comminuted fractures, locked plating demonstrated statistically significant stiffer fixation. Conclusion A combination locked plate is biomechanically superior to a standard one third tubular plate in comminuted SER ankle fractures. There was no biomechanical superiority between locked and one third tubular plates when the fracture was amenable to a lag screw.
Effect of amino acid substitutions in conserved residues in the leader peptide on biosynthesis of the lantibiotic mutacin II

The lantibiotic mutacin II, produced by Streptococcus mutans T8, is a ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotic that contains thioether amino acids such as lanthionine and methyllanthionine as a result of post-translational modifications. The mutacin II leader peptide sequence shares a number of identical amino acid residues with class AII lantibiotic leader peptides. To study the role of these conservative residues in the production of active antimicrobial mutacin, 15 mutations were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The effects of these substitutions vary from no effect to complete block-out. Mutations G-1A, G-2A, I-4D, and L-7K completely blocked the production of mature mutacin. Other mutations (I-4V, L-7M, E-8D, S-11T/A, V-12I/A, and E-13D) had no detectable effect on mutacin production. The changes of Glu-8 to Lys, Val-12 to Leu, Glu-13 to Lys reduced the mutacin production level to about 75%, 50%, and 10% of the wild-type, respectively. Thus, our data indicated that some of these conserved residues are essential for the mutacin biosynthesis, whereas others are important for optimal biosynthesis rates.
Self-assessment of fear

Self-assessment measures of fear are reviewed in terms of their reliability, validity, factorial structure, sex and population differences, and correlations with other personality scales. The need for long-term reliability studies for different population samples tapping a variety of age groups is indicated. Needless duplication of measurement is apparent, and the validation of shortened schedules based on factorial analyses is warranted. Conflicting evidence is presented as to the predictive validity of fear schedules when overt indices of fear are used as criterial. The fear construct is examined in terms of its tripartite structure (verbal, motor, physiological), and questions are raised as to which of the components is to be utilized as the criterion measure. Suggestions for further research are made with respect to assessing comparative degree of change in verbal, motor, and physiological indices in the successful modification of fear.