cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Exclusionary Politics of Early Turkish Nationalism: An Ethnic Boundary-Making Approach

Turkish nationalism has long presented a study in contrasts. The nationalist movement that created the Republic of Turkey sought to define the nation in explicitly civic and inclusive terms, promoting a variety of integrationist reforms. Those same nationalist politicians, however, endorsed other policies that were far more exclusionary, expelling many religious and ethnic minorities from the new nation and imposing harsh restrictions on those who remained. The seemingly contradictory nature of Turkish nationalist policies has been mirrored by much of the scholarship on Turkish nationalism, which has often viewed Turkish nationality through the lens of the “civic/ethnic divide,” with various scholars arguing that the Turkish nation is exclusively civic or ethnic. This article seeks to transcend this dichotomous way of looking at Turkish nationalism. I argue that the policies previously seen as being exclusively civic or ethnic are in fact both examples of boundary-making processes, designed to forge a coh...
Is Time Up for Equitable Relief?Examining Whether the Statuteof Limitations Contained in28 U.S.C. § 2462 Applies toClaims for Injunctive Relief

Table of ContentsI. Introduction 2450II. Analysis of the Doctrines of Laches, the Concurrent Remedy Rule, and the Government's Sovereign Immunity 2455A. Laches 2455B. Concurrent Remedy Rule 2457C. Statutes of Limitations and the Government's Sovereign Immunity 24611. General Rule 24612. Statutory Construction 2464III. Circuit Splits 2465A. Eleventh Circuit 2465B. Ninth Circuit 2467C. Tenth Circuit and Fifth Circuit 24681. Tenth Circuit 24682. Fifth Circuit 2471IV. Analysis 2474A. Statutory Text 24741. Characteristics of Injunctive Relief 24752. Fines and Injunctive Relief 24763. Penalties and Injunctive Relief 2477a. General Penalties 2477b. Civil Penalties 24794. Forfeiture and Injunctive Relief 2481a. General Forfeiture 2481b. Civil Forfeiture 24815. Conclusion 2481B. Concurrent Remedy Rule 2482V. Recommendations 2484I. IntroductionRichard Schediwy and Laura Strauss were property owners who owned land along the Tulloch Reservoir near Copperopolis, California.1 The two obtained a permit to build a retaining wall and a dock along the reservoir, and they did so in 2004.2 On April 21, 2004, Tri-Dam, the owner and operator of the Tulloch Hydroelectric Project, conducted a survey that concluded the retaining wall and the dock were built below the appropriate elevation level.3 Over the next several years, Tri-Dam, Schediwy, and Strauss attempted to resolve the matter but were unsuccessful.4 Seven years later, litigation ensued as Tri-Dam sought a permanent injunction that would effectively force Schediwy and Strauss to remove their dock.5 The litigation focused on whether a statute of limitations that was generally applicable to the government specifically applied to injunctive relief.6 Though the court eventually ruled in favor of Tri-Dam, the case highlighted the practical consequences of a current judicial split affecting a wide variety of actions initiated by the government.7In 1948, Congress passed 28 U.S.C. § 2462.8 That Act, which recodifies several pieces of prior legislation,9 states as follows:Except as otherwise provided by Act of Congress, an action, suit or proceeding for the enforcement of any civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture, pecuniary or otherwise, shall not be entertained unless commenced within five years from the date when the claim first accrued if, within the same period, the offender or the property is found within the United States in order that proper service may be made thereon.10In line with Supreme Court precedent that reasons: "'[i]n a country where not even treason can be prosecuted, after a lapse of three years, it could scarcely be supposed, that an individual would remain forever liable to a pecuniary forfeiture,"'11 § 2462 establishes a generally applicable statute of limitations for certain actions instigated by the U. …
Device-to-device communication with named data networking

Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture uses data-centric communication primitives that naturally support direct device-to-device (D2D) communications. To make NDN-enabled D2D communication a reality, this poster aims at two goals. First, we report our recent progress in enabling NDN connectivity over a number of popular D2D networking technologies. Second, we share with the broader community the roadblocks that we discovered in the process. Our experience suggests that launching a new network protocol stack for D2D communication on common platforms can be a daunting engineering challenge because of the lack of standard cross-platform APIs, limited documentation, and general platform restrictions to use L2 interfaces directly. Moreover, platforms are often equipped with different D2D networking technologies, forcing one to use many different means to interconnect different types of systems.
Inteins — A Historical Perspective

Protein splicing elements, termed inteins, were first identified in 1990. Since then, post-translational protein splicing has been demonstrated and the selfcatalytic mechanism deciphered. The robust nature of these single turnover enzymes is evidenced by the expanding list of naturally occurring variations in the protein splicing mechanism. Protein splicing must be efficient and neutral, and must not cause detrimental effects to the spliced extein; otherwise, selective pressure would lead to intein loss. Inteins are probably ancient elements, but their original function can only be speculated upon, because invasion by homing endonucleases mobilized them into new locations and converted them into selfish DNA. To date, there is no evidence of regulation of protein splicing in native systems. The sporadic distribution of inteins may relate more to the types of genes found in mobile elements capable of spreading inteins, than to the function of those genes. Inteins tend to be found in conserved host protein motifs, which may be due to conservation of homing endonuclease recognition sites, difficulty in removing inteins from essential regions or the ease of accepting an insertion sequence in a conserved substrate or cofactor binding site designed to interact with the environment. The ability to cleave peptide bonds, to ligate protein fragments and to generate carboxy-terminal alpha-thioesters have made inteins the fastest growing tool for protein engineering and biotechnology.
Tests of Gravity with Future Space-Based Experiments

Future space-based tests of relativistic gravitation---laser ranging to Phobos, accelerometers in orbit, and optical networks surrounding Earth---will constrain the theory of gravity with unprecedented precision by testing the inverse-square law, the strong and weak equivalence principles, and the deflection and time delay of light by massive bodies. In this paper, we estimate the bounds that could be obtained on alternative gravity theories that use screening mechanisms to suppress deviations from general relativity in the Solar System: chameleon, symmetron, and Galileon models. We find that space-based tests of the parametrized post-Newtonian parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ will constrain chameleon and symmetron theories to new levels, and that tests of the inverse-square law using laser ranging to Phobos will provide the most stringent constraints on Galileon theories to date. We end by discussing the potential for constraining these theories using upcoming tests of the weak equivalence principle, and conclude that further theoretical modeling is required in order to fully utilize the data.
Guidelines for the presentation of flow cytometric data.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a number of guidelines for the presentation of flow cytometric data, and outlines some concepts underlying the presentation of flow cytometric data in a consistent and informative manner. These guidelines aim at preparation of data for publication in print but are applicable to the presentation of data. All quantitative information should be derived from statistical analyses that are presented in addition to the graphics—in the form of numerical annotations on the graphics or in the accompanying text. The graphs are used to illustrate variations in patterns. However, the main purposes of statistical analysis are to reduce a complex data set to a manageable number of summary values and to test for statistical significance. Numerical analyses are useful in deciding how much data should be acquired to ensure that purely statistical accuracy is adequate for the intended analysis. The Data Presentation Standards Committee of the International Society for Analytical Cytology strives to update, revise, and expand these guidelines and to encompass topics of more specialized nature. This committee develops a strict set of publication guidelines that journal publishers can use to ensure consistent and accurate presentation of flow cytometric data.
Teaching tourism in Jamaica: developing students’ critical consciousness and intercultural competence

AbstractWithin this article, we convey ideas about stereotypes and ethnic supremacy that many university students tend to hold about Jamaica and the challenges of disabusing travellers of these notions and to achieve educational goals related to equity, diversity and inclusivity. We explore the concept of the tourism imaginary and key ideas in critical pedagogy, critical literacy and critical race theory that guided our course development, and we explain how we used these concepts as a framework for building intercultural competence within our student population. By addressing the complexities of Jamaica’s transnational cultural identity and using tourism to deconstruct the idea of experiencing an ‘authentic’ Jamaica, this two-part immersion course works to shift student consciousness from racial and ethnic superiority to a place of intercultural competence.
The Development of Parasocial Interaction Relationships on YouTube

Continuing research on the development of parasocial relationships, the present study modernized a seminal study conducted by Rubin and McHugh (1987) investigating the relationship among communication, liking, and intimacy in forming a relationship with a television character. This study applied this research to the YouTube video sharing platform to see if such a relationship was evident on social media. Results of a structural equation model closely replicate the original findings, and confirmed that exposure to YouTube predicted both social and physical attraction. This attraction was related to parasocial relationship formation, which then positively increased the relational importance. Overall, the results provide justification for extending the theoretical expectations of parasocial interaction to the YouTube context.
Changes in exercise capacity in subjects with cardiac asymptomatic hereditary hemochromatosis during a follow-up after 5 yrs.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is the most common metabolic genetic disorder and affects approximately one in 180 members of the Caucasian population.1,2 We have previously reported that the aerobic exercise capacity of cardiac asymptomatic HH subjects was similar to that of age-gender matched normal volunteers at one cross sectional time point.3 Iron overload, which is induced by HH, has been shown to cause diastolic and systolic dysfunction4 and the long-term effect of HH on aerobic exercise capacity has not been reported, although this would be of interest for healthcare professionals. It is of special interest for those who monitor athletes with HH since a higher frequency of HFE (hemochromatosis gene) mutations which cause HH is reported among endurance runners.5 In addition, the long-term effectiveness of conventional phlebotomy therapy in preventing HH associated complications such as hypothyroidism, liver malignancy, arthritis, systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, and cardiac arrhythmias is not well elucidated.6–8 Likewise, the long-term therapeutic benefit of conventional phlebotomy therapy on aerobic exercise capacity has not been reported. We had an opportunity to serially track the aerobic exercise capacity of cardiac asymptomatic subjects with HH, whose baseline observations were reported in this journal, under NHLBI-sponsored “Heart Study of Hemochromatosis (NCT00068159)” over a 5-year span. Thus, we now report on the changes in aerobic exercise capacity at 5-year follow up in the HH subjects who received conventional phlebotomies over this period in comparison with volunteer control subjects.
Review of Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition

REFERENCE: Natalie R. Langley and MariaTeresa A. Tersigni-Tarrant, eds. Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction . 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2017. 446 pp.
ISSUES IN ASSESSMENT OF SEXUAL CONSENT CAPACITY IN OLDER ADULTS

Sexual consent capacity is unique from other forms of capacity in that there is usually not an opportunity to discuss the decision with others in advance and a surrogate decision-maker cannot be consulted. There are no commonly accepted standards for determining one’s capacity to consent to sexual activity and no assessment tools exist for this purpose. Moreover, statutory definitions of capacity to consent vary from conservative to liberal across jurisdictions. Determining whether a person has capacity to consent to sex necessitates striking a balance between individual autonomy and beneficence, which can be complicated in long term care settings where ageist taboos regarding sexuality can influence this balance. We will discuss factors that one might consider when determining whether an individual has the capacity to consent to sexual behavior, preliminary guidelines, and recommendations for the development of instruments and standards for capacity assessment.
Abstract 161: Interfacility Transfer for Mechanical Thrombectomy - Direct to Neuroangiography or CT Angiography First?

Objective: Faster time to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is associated with better outcome in acute stroke. In patients transferred from other hospitals where a routine CT has already ruled out hemor...
Serial dependence generalizes across different stimulus formats, but not different sensory modalities

Abstract Visual perception is thought to be supported by a stabilization mechanism integrating information over time, resulting in a systematic attractive bias in experimental contexts. Previous studies show that this effect, whereby a current stimulus appears more similar to the one previous to it, depends on attention, suggesting an active high-level mechanism that modulates perception. Here, we test the hypothesis that such a mechanism generalizes across different stimulus formats or sensory modalities, effectively abstracting from the low-level properties of the stimuli. Participants performed a numerosity discrimination task, with task-relevant dot-array stimuli preceded by a sequence of visual (flashes) or auditory (tones) stimuli encompassing different numerosities. Our results show a clear attractive bias induced by visual sequential numerosity affecting an array of simultaneously presented dots, thus operating across different stimulus formats. Conversely, auditory sequences did not affect the judgment on visual numerosities. Overall, our results demonstrate that serial dependence in numerosity perception operates according to the abstract representation of numerical magnitude of visual stimuli irrespective of their format. These results thus support the idea that a high-level mechanism mediates visual stability and continuity, which integrates relevant information over time irrespective of the low-level sensory properties of the stimuli.
Localized tachyons and the g(cl) conjecture

We consider /N and 2/N orbifolds of heterotic string theories and N orbifolds of AdS3. We study theories with = 2 worldsheet superconformal invariance and construct RG flows. Following Harvey, Kutasov, Martinec and Moore, we compute gcl and show that it decreases monotonically along RG flows- as conjectured by them. For the heterotic string theories, the gauge degrees of freedom do not contribute to the computation of gcl.
A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise

There are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the selfpropelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a selfpropelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills.
Transport of chemotactic bacteria in granular media with randomly distributed chemoattractant-containing NAPL ganglia: Modeling and simulation

Abstract Chemotaxis is the biased movement of bacteria upon sensing chemical gradients, which can facilitate bioremediation of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) by transporting oil-degrading bacteria more efficiently to contaminants in groundwater aquifers. Transport phenomena of chemotactic bacteria in porous media can be described within the context of a convection-dispersion equation (CDE) that includes an additional convection-like chemotactic velocity. In this paper, we present a novel modification of a previously reported CDE by including a single first-order kinetic term which can differentiate bacterial sorption on porous matrix and chemoattractant-containing NAPL ganglia. Our model was solved numerically using a finite-element scheme to compute bacterial transport in granular media at a continuum level and also captured chemotaxis to discrete, randomly distributed NAPL ganglia of chemoattractant sources. Simulation results revealed the influence of oil ganglia on bacterial transport. It was found that chemotactic bacteria exhibited localized hotspots near NAPL ganglia because of chemotaxis toward and sorption on oil surfaces. The presence of oil ganglia reduced recovery of chemotactic bacteria by 71% and nonchemotactic bacteria by 44%, which accompanied enhanced retention inside the column. Model results suggested that chemotactic bacteria can locate NAPL and thereby sorb on surfaces more efficiently, which may overcome the limited bioavailability of contaminants dissolved in NAPLs. Simulated outputs demonstrated good agreement with experimental data in literature. Our model provides insight into the impact of chemotaxis and interaction with oil-phase chemoattractant sources on bacterial transport in porous media.
Territory as a Victim of Armed Conflict

Colombia’s peace jurisdiction has formally accredited the territories of indigenous and Black communities as victims of the armed conflict. But what does it mean for a territory to be treated not as the stage on which a conflict unfolds, but as its victim? The concept of territory-as-victim seeks to give a legal expression to the notion that it is not just human lives that are upended by armed conflict, but also relations with non-humans, including ‘earth beings’ such as rivers and mountains, and the spiritual world. Further, it is a tool through which indigenous peoples and Black Colombians gain greater control over their land. Transitional justice scholars and practitioners are just beginning to consider what the push to recognize non-humans in law could mean for a field that has its origins in the human rights movement. This article contributes to the debate, showing how Colombia’s peace process is transforming territory from an object to a legal subject that suffers harm and is in need of repair.
Sea otter health: Challenging a pet hypothesis

A recent series of studies on tagged sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) challenges the hypothesis that sea otters are sentinels of a dirty ocean, in particular, that pet cats are the main source of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in central California. Counter to expectations, sea otters from unpopulated stretches of coastline are less healthy and more exposed to parasites than city-associated otters. Ironically, now it seems that spillover from wildlife, not pets, dominates spatial patterns of disease transmission.
Structure Formation Due to Non-Equilibrium Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Polypropylene Solutions

The morphology of polymeric materials1 is strongly influenced by liquid-liquid phase separation and crystallization. In general, there is a possibility that the liquid-liquid phase separation process is coupled with the crystallization process. The equilibrium state of semicrystalline polymer-solvent mixtures is presented by depiction with the phase diagrams as shown in Figure 1. The liquid-liquid phase separation region is located above and below the equilibrium liquid-solid transition with poor and good solvents, respectively. The cooperation of two phenomena which both depend on the non-equilibrium conditions may produce new structures, which are important from both scientific and industrial points of view.
An Evaluation of Criminalists' Attitudes Toward the Journal of Forensic Sciences

The Ad Hoc Publication Committee of the Criminalistics Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences was charged with determining the need for a journal devoted to criminalistics. Based on a survey of Criminalistics Section members, the committee reported its findings and recommendations at the 1983 section meeting. This paper presents the results of that survey as well as the committee's recommendations concerning a new journal. Statistical results are reported on attitudes towards the quality of The Journal of Forensic Sciences, the utility of regional journals, and the need for a new journal. Differences within the sample are then analyzed, controlling for professional affiliations and the rate of attendance and presentation at AAFS annual meetings.
Pricing Reservations: A General Equilibrium Approach

Even with many decades of experience with booking and reservations, managers in the hotel industry still face substantial challenges predicting future room demand. Using a general equilibrium approach, this paper provides a new reservation pricing method. By establishing a price for the reservation that is based on the traveler’s best estimate of whether she will actually occupy the room, the hotelier gains information about how likely it is that the room will be sold. The price of the reservation increases as the traveler’s certainty of travel increases. At the same time, the room rate decreases according to likelihood that the traveler will actually occupy that room. This approach therefore provides a mechanism by which hotel managers can obtain more accurate information regarding future room demand and potential guests can gain a more favorable rate in exchange for revealing the critical information regarding their trip. With this information, the hotel can focus its revenue management system more sharply and does not have to rely solely on historic ratios to predict room occupancy.
Ovarian carcinoma—Perspective for the 70's

Abstract At the beginning of the 1970 decade, the outlook for patients who develop carcinoma of the ovary is almost as bleak as it has been in the past. Delayed diagnosis, a primary inherent tendency for ovarian cancer cells to exfoliate, and an inadequate response to surgical and radiation therapy have combined to relegate carcinoma of the ovary to the position of the killer of more adult women than any other type of female genital malignancy. The faint promise of improvement from chemotherapy has led to fragmentation of the administrative authority over treatment for the ovarian cancer patient with a shift to the medical oncologist. Currently, the patient with ovarian cancer is best served by a cooperative treatment plan which involves pathology, radiology, gynecology, and medical oncology. These objectives can best be accomplished by the recognition of an intraspecialty grouping identified as “gynecologic oncology.”
A novel predictive control for active power filter using a variable-step LMS algorithm

In order to eliminate the impact of time delay to active power filter(APF), a novel predictive control based on variable-step LMS is proposed in this paper. Taking into account the power weights of errors and influence of previous state, the step size varies with both forgetting factor and follow-up factor. Forgetting factor can change the step size according to tracing error and follow-up factor can enhance the capacity of resisting disturbance. As introducing the proposed LMS with variable-step, the performance of the novel predictive control is improved both under steady and dynamic condition. The simulation between the proposed method and traditional LMS based predictive method is carried out and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Lick Observatory Program on Proper Motions of RR Lyrae Stars

It is the purpose of this note to reveal the nature and progress of a long term astrometric program at the Lick Observatory (see references by S. Yasilevskis in Trans. Int. Astron. Union, XIB, 404, 1962). One of its many goals is the measurement of absolute proper motions of RR Lyrae stars with respect to faint galaxies. The first-epoch photographs, obtained in 1947-54 by Shane and Wirtanen for the sky north of declination —23°, were supplemented later by plates of poorer quality down to —33° with the 20-in. astrograph. This means that first-epoch plates are now on hand which cover three-fourths of the sky and on which stars of 9–17 mag. may be measured for proper motions. Since these photographs represent the largest and most homogeneous set that will be available in the foreseeable future, we shall try to estimate the number of RR Lyrae stars which may be measured on them.
Mind the Gap: Race\Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Obesity

Race/ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in obesity are substantial and may widen in the future. We review nine potential mechanisms that recent research has used to explain obesity disparities. Those nine mechanisms fall into three broad groups-health behaviors, biological factors, and the social environment-which incorporate both proximate and upstream determinants of obesity disparities. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of obesity in the US population and to close race/ethnic and SES disparities in obesity will likely require the use of multifaceted interventions that target multiple mechanisms simultaneously. Unfortunately, relatively few of the mechanisms reviewed herein have been tested in an intervention framework.
From RoboLab to Aibo: A Behavior-Based Interface for Educational Robotics

This paper describes a framework designed to broaden the entry-level for the use of sophisticated robots as educational platforms. The goal is to create a low-entry, high-ceiling programming environment that, through a graphical behavior-based interface, allows inexperienced users to author control programs for the Sony Aibo four-legged robot. To accomplish this end, we have extended the popular RoboLabapplication, which is a simple, icon-based programming environment originally designed to interface with the LEGO Mindstorms robot. Our extension is in the form of a set of "behavior icons" that users select within RoboLab, which are then converted to low-level commands that can be executed directly on the Aibo. Here, we present the underlying technical aspects of our system and demonstrate its feasibility for use in a classroom.
Effect of precut sphincterotomy on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Effect of precut sphincterotomy on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Novel dark-field imaging of GaN {0001} surfaces with low-energy electron microscopy

Abstract We have observed significant dark-field diffraction contrast from adjacent terraces of the GaN (0001) surface in low-energy electron microscopy, an unexpected result, as the surface is not reconstructed and thus has no superlattice reflections. Calculations show that the contrast originates from a 60° rotation of the hexagonal unit cell across odd-multiple bilayer-high steps. The result is general: the terrace morphology from any {0001} surface of wurtzite structures can be simply imaged even if the surface is not reconstructed.
Copper band matrix for large Class V amalgam restorations.

Class V cavities present special problems in restoration and maintenance. The subsequent health of the gingival tissue and the relative immunity toward recurrent caries depends not only on the age of the patient and patient's oral hygiene but to a great extent on the excellence of the restoration. This excellence is achieved by the operator's detailed design of the preparation, moisture control, and restoration and material finishing. Dental amalgam continues to be the material of choice in many clinical situations. The restoration of a large class V lesion that results from replacement of a defective restoration or extensive caries benefits greatly when a copper band matrix is used because of its ability to be shaped and contoured and its rigidity. In large class V cavities, the copper band creates a “false” wall that is required for confinement of the amalgam as it must be packed in under pressure. This confinement of the cavity is necessary because it restricts the amount of excess material which ultimately is important in the restoration of the tooth and its long-term success.
The Complete Proof Theory of Hybrid Systems

Hybrid systems are a fusion of continuous dynamical systems and discrete dynamical systems. They freely combine dynamical features from both worlds. For that reason, it has often been claimed that hybrid systems are more challenging than continuous dynamical systems and than discrete systems. We now show that, proof-theoretically, this is not the case. We present a complete proof-theoretical alignment that interreduces the discrete dynamics and the continuous dynamics of hybrid systems. We give a sound and complete axiomatization of hybrid systems relative to continuous dynamical systems and a sound and complete axiomatization of hybrid systems relative to discrete dynamical systems. Thanks to our axiomatization, proving properties of hybrid systems is exactly the same as proving properties of continuous dynamical systems and again, exactly the same as proving properties of discrete dynamical systems. This fundamental cornerstone sheds light on the nature of hybridness and enables flexible and provably perfect combinations of discrete reasoning with continuous reasoning that lift to all aspects of hybrid systems and their fragments.
Interstate return migration: regional differences and implications.

Abstract This study examines the regional differences in 1975–1980 return migration patterns for states within the United States based on two return migration variables; (1) the percentage of in-migrants to a state who are returnees, and (2) the number of returnees as a share of those who are “at risk” of returning. States exhibit widely disparate return characteristics for each variable. The percentage of in-migrants who were return migrants ranged from just 3.2 percent in Nevada to 33.9 percent for West Virginia, while the share of returnees from the at risk pool ranged from 31.6 per thousand in South Dakota to 116.5 per thousand in California. The percentage of return migrants is not significantly correlated with the at risk to return variable. Thus, states have very different levels of dependence on return migration when both variables are taken into account. Some states such as West Virginia have a high percentage of returnees among in-migrants but a low at risk return rate, while other states like California receive a large share of at risk returnees but exhibit a low percentage return among all in-migrants. A typology is developed to classify states according to their return characteristics and the implications of the different return patterns are discussed. Significant regional variance in the volume of return migration, and major differences in migration motives and migrant characteristics between returnees and non-returnees suggest a need to decompose interstate migration flows when modeling patterns of human movement at a national scale.
Convergence of certain quadrature processes

Then, when f has some smoothness property, the rates of convergence of e, (a) and r . ( f ; {X.,k}) to zero are somewhat related. (Cf. [2].) In this note we obtain the following results. THEOREM 1. Let n~.(1⁄2)~O and f be absolutely continuous on [0, 1]. Then h r . ( f ; {x., k})~0. It should be noted in the above theorem that the value 1⁄2 cannot be replaced by aS1⁄2 (el. [1]) and that the rate of convergence of r . ( f ) to zero cannot be improved even if x., k = (k-1⁄2)In (eL [2]). However, we have the following COROLLARY. Let ne. (a)~O where 0 ~ a <. 1 and let f be absolutely continuous on [0, 1] such that f (O)= f(1). Then nr.( f ; {X.,k})~0. THEOREM 2. Let f be differentiable on [0, 1] and its derivative f ' be of bounded variation on [0, 1 ]. Let 0 <~ x., 1 <~ "'" <<. Xn, n <~ 1 such that
Hepatitis A And The American Traveler

Morbidity from hepatitis A in American travelers may be greater than currently recorded. Risks for acquiring hepatitis A are widespread in developing countries, and a single lapse from appropriate hygiene for food or water is sufficient to cause infection. In Peace Corps personnel, a strictly regulated policy of immune serum globulin (ISG) at 4-month intervals reduced the rate of hepatitis A to 0.1-0.3 cases (from 1.6-2.1 cases)/100 persons/year. Data from United States Foreign Service personnel, for whom there is no mandated ISG policy, show hepatitis A to be the most commonly reported immunization-preventable infection; rates are 0.06-0.16/100 person-years, depending on the area of the world. With the availability of a hepatitis A vaccine, frequent travelers or those who stay long-term in hepatitis-endemic areas can attain higher antibody concentrations and much longer protection than is currently available from ISG.
Data Compression Using Saturated Hadamard Transforms

In hybrid signal processing, the transformation is performed using optical masks, which makes the negative elements in the transform matrix non-realizable. A transform matrix composed of all positive terms is non-orthogonal and non-unitary. Although optical masks realizing various shades of grays are available, there are definite advantages in utilizing binary masks. These masks can be used to realize a saturated form for the Hadamard transform. We have analyzed use of non-orthogonal transforms, in general, and saturated Hadamard transforms, specifically for compressing the bandwidth of digital imagery. In contrary to the current belief that use of saturated transforms results in loss of performance, we have shown that saturated transforms perform as well as the standard transforms. This is based on a new approach for constructing the signal from an incomplete set of transform coefficients that we believe has not been considered previously. The new approach uses a pseudoinverse of the saturated transform matrices in reconstructing the signal value from an incomplete set of transform coefficients. Computer simulations verify the results for Hadamard and cosine transforms.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Progressivity and participation: children’s management of parental assistance in paediatric chronic pain encounters

This article examines how older paediatric patients (10-18 years) initiate different actions, including the solicitation of parental assistance, to accomplish the task of answering clinicians' symptom questions in three paediatric tertiary care clinics. Using the qualitative method of conversation analysis to examine children's symptom accounts in 69 video-recorded outpatient intake visits, I describe four child-initiated strategies that preclude, solicit and limit parental assistance in the interactional environment of having difficulties in providing an answer. These strategies are: children's own answer searches, children's solicitations of corroboration, children's solicitations of an answer, and children's answer completions. Supported by the clinicians' strong commitment to child-centredness, children manage to solicit parental assistance without losing the opportunity to present their own symptom accounts.
Numerical simulation of solitons and dromions in the Davey-Stewartson system

Abstract We extend the well-known split-step Fourier method for solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation to the Davey–Stewartson system. We discuss both the elliptic-hyperbolic and hyperbolic-elliptic cases, as well as the implementation of boundary conditions. Numerical tests, including the simulation of rational solitons and dromions, are presented.
Finite element simulation of nonlinear kinematic surface runoff.

Abstract A deterministic model to simulate stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces is presented. The surface runoff model is based on a one-dimensional, variable width, kinematic wave approximation. Resistance to flow is described by a generalized flow resistance equation which includes laminar, turbulent and transitional flow representations or by a uniform flow resistance approximation. A Galerkin finite element formulation utilizing linear, quadratic and/or cubic one-dimensional Lagrangian elements is presented for the spatial discretization of the nonlinear kinematic runoff equations. Temporal discretization is based on a linear time variation which includes both explicit and implicit time marching algorithms, depending on the choice of the time weighting parameter. The implicit algorithm results in a system of nonlinear equations which are solved using successive substitutions. Initial estimates of the solution are generated with a linear finite difference procedure. A method to estimate a suitable computation time-step size based on the Courant condition is presented. Kinematic surface runoff simulation results are presented. The finite element simulations are shown to compare favorably with observed experimental data and previously published results.
Expression of toll-like receptors and co-stimulatory molecules in lymphoid tissue during experimental infection of beef calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus of low and high virulence

The objective of this study was to compare the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR3 and TLR7), and costimulatory molecules involved in activation of lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (CD80, CD86, CD28, and CD40L) after experimental infection of beef calves with low or high virulence noncytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains. Thirty BVDV-naive, beef calves were intranasally inoculated with low (LV; n = 10, SD-1) or high (HV; n = 10, 1373) virulence ncp BVDV or with BVDV-free cell culture medium (Control, n = 10). Calves were euthanized on day 5 post-inoculation and tracheo-bronchial lymph node (TBLN) and spleen samples were collected for mRNA expression through quantitative-RT-PCR. Levels of mRNA for TLR3 and TLR7 were increased in spleen of HV group (P < 0.05), but not in LV group, compared to the control group. Expression of CD86 mRNA was up-regulated in TBLN of both LV and HV groups (P < 0.05). A significant up-regulation of CD80 mRNA was observed in TBLN for LV calves (P < 0.05), but not for HV calves. In conclusion, experimental inoculation with high virulence BVDV-2 1373 stimulated the expression of TLR3, TLR7 and CD86 in spleen and TBLN on day 5 post infection. In contrast, experimental challenge with the low virulence BVDV-1 SD-1 uniquely resulted in up-regulation of both CD80 and CD86 in TBLN samples on day 5 post infection. The observed differential expression during acute infection with high or low virulence BVDV might reflect differences in immune activation by these strains, which could be associated with differences in genotype and/or virulence.
Social Capital and Determinants of Immigrant Family Educational Involvement

Family educational involvement has been identified as a particularly beneficial practice for the achievement and behavioral outcomes of all students, including ethnic-minority students from families who have low levels of income, education, and English language proficiency. However, despite the associated benefits not all families are involved in their child's education and the explanation for differing involvement patterns has not been fully explored. This study examines precursors to parent educational involvement with an emphasis on immigrant families who may face more involvement barriers using the immigrant sample from the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 189). Results provide limited support for the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler theoretical model for family involvement; self-efficacy and perceived opportunities for involvement predicted immigrant families' home-based involvement. No antecedents, however, predicted school-based involvement. In addition, results suggest expanding this model to include social capital, which significantly predicted immigrant families' home-based involvement activities.
Acquired hypoprothrombinemia : Effects of Danazol® treatment

The lupus anticoagulant may be accompanied by an acquired factor II deficiency and bleeding. We report on a patient with a lupus anticoagulant and factor II (Fll) deficiency responsive to Danazol. Acquired hypoprothrombinemia (FII) with the lupus anticoagulant (LA) may be accompanied by a hemorrhagic diathesis. A 64-year-old male with discoid lupus erythematosis bled after an intestinal polypectomy. His FII level was 18%, and his FII antigen level was 20%. Danazol (D) (600 mg per day) administration was associated with a rise in FII activity and antigen to 50% within 10 days. The patient underwent abdominal surgery. We studied the effect(s) of D on the FII level and on other coagulation factors in this patient. The patient's plasma FII antigen had a single precipitin arc compared to the two peaks of normal plasma on counterimmunoelectrophoresis with Ca++. The samples pre- and during D therapy had the same positively charged arc as normal samples, although they were quantitatively different. Neuraminidase treatment demonstrated a decrease in the positively charged migration of normal and the patient's FII antigen. Affinity chromatography of normal and patient plasma on a Sepharose protein A column revealed FII antigen present in the patient's bound fraction. The relative percentages of bound FII before and during D treatment were similar. During D therapy, levels of FIX and X rose 50-100%, and protein C rose 20-25%, while free protein S did not change. D is an effective therapy for acquired FII deficiency associated with LA. D does not affect the binding of Ig to FII, but D raises FII levels by increasing synthesis of the FII protein.
Retention in a Parenting Intervention Among Parents Involved with the Child Welfare System

Although parenting interventions are among the most commonly required case plan activities for parents involved with child welfare system, a large percentage of families who begin parenting interventions drop out prematurely. The purpose of this concurrent mixed-methods study was to better understand risk factors associated with retention in a 10 week evidence-based parenting intervention. Qualitative interviews and standardized measures were completed with 31 parents who were court ordered to participate in a parenting intervention due to child welfare system involvement. We compared and contrasted patterns across completion and non-completion groups. Results indicated specific similarities and differences in anticipated gains, motivation, and social support among parents who completed the intervention compared to those who did not. Additionally, parents who did not complete the intervention tended to have higher problematic parenting scores and levels of parenting stress, and the least amounts of social support compared to those who successfully completed the intervention. Patterns among three typologies highlighted important differences across groups. Results indicated that in order to promote successful engagement and retention in parenting interventions among parents involved with the child welfare system it may be important to screen for cumulative risks during the early stages of the intervention and to augment services to better meet the needs of this at-risk population.
Repeated exposure to diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) produces increased sensitivity to cholinergic antagonists in discrimination retention and reversal.

This experiment examined the effects of repeated exposure to diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), an organophosphate anticholinesterase, on the retention and reversal of a visual discrimination and on the number of muscarinic receptors in the brain. Rats were trained in a serial reversal procedure. After achieving stable performance, the rats were divided into two groups. One group received repeated injections of DFP, the other group received saline injections. To determine whether DFP-treated rats would be more sensitive than normal rats to stresses on the cholinergic system, each rat was injected with saline or one of three doses of scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, prior to testing on every 6th day. DFP alone caused no impairment in performance. Scopolamine produced a greater impairment in DFP-treated rats than in control rats. Similar results were obtained in a second behavioral task, match-to-sample in a water maze, using the same DFP treatment protocol and only one dose of scopolamine. The number of muscarinic receptors and acetylcholinesterase activity levels were reduced on the 2nd and 15th day after the end of DFP treatment. These results demonstrate that although repeated exposure to organophosphate anticholinesterases may not alter discrimination behavior directly, it may compromise the central nervous system so that it cannot react normally when challenged.
Extended Virtual Presence of Therapists through Home Service Robots

The use of robots in rehabilitation is an increasingly viable option, given the shortage of well-trained therapists who can address individual patients' needs and priorities. Despite the acknowledged importance of customized therapy for individual patients, the means to realize it has received less research attention. Many approaches rely on rehabilitation robots, such as InMotion [3], where therapy customization is achieved by physically assisting patients when they cannot complete expected exercise movements. Consequently, it is important to accurately detect the patients' unsuccessful efforts to make exercise movements using various signals. An example that utilitzes electromyography signal can be found in Dipietro et al. [1]. These approaches lack of adaptive therapy programs where generic exercise targets do not necessarily address the specific needs/deficit of individual patients nor impose appropriate challenges.