cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prophetic Revelations in Near-Death Experiences

Prophetic revelations in near-death experiences (NDEs) are a fourth type of flashforwards. Prophetic revelations are similar to another type of flashforward called the prophetic vision, which was identified in 1982 by Kenneth Ring. Like prophetic visions, prophetic revelations are a phenomenon in which NDErs are given a knowledge of the earth's future; they have a global or world focus. Prophetic revelations differ from prophetic visions in that events in the earth's future are told or revealed to the NDEr by a deceased relative or some otherworld person during their NDE, rather than in a visual display, and they are less detailed. Four categories of flashforwards have now been identified. In addition to the prophetic revelation and the prophetic vision are the other flashforwards, the personal flashforward and the otherworld personal future revelation (OPFR). The major features that distinguish these different flashforwards are their focus (global or personal), method of delivery, and detail. All flashforward types occur in a small number of cases and during deep NDEs.
Continence Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Mitrofanoff Appendicovesicostomy

Purpose: Continent catheterizable channels for emptying the bladder are typically performed via an open surgical approach. We present our surgical approach and initial outcomes with specific attention to continence for robotic assisted laparoscopic Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy formation.Materials and Methods: Between February 2008 and April 2010, 13 patients were considered for robotic assisted laparoscopic Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy and 11 underwent the procedure (2 open conversions). Five patients underwent enterocystoplasty with appendicovesicostomy and 6 underwent isolated appendicovesicostomy. The appendicovesicostomy anastomosis was performed on the anterior (without augmentation) or posterior (with augmentation) bladder wall and the stoma was brought to the umbilical site or right lower quadrant. Detrusor backing (4 cm) was ensured except in 1 patient (number 5).Results: Mean patient age at surgery was 10.4 years (range 5 to 14). Mean estimated blood loss was 61.8 cc. Mean operative time ...
Sediment-laden fresh water above salt water: nonlinear simulations

When a layer of particle-laden fresh water is placed above clear, saline water, both double-diffusive and Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities may arise. The present investigation extends the linear stability analysis of Burns & Meiburg (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 691, 2012, pp. 279–314) into the nonlinear regime, by means of two- and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS). The initial instability growth in the DNS is seen to be consistent with the dominant modes predicted by the linear stability analysis. The subsequent vigorous growth of individual fingers gives rise to a secondary instability, and eventually to the formation of intense plumes that become detached from the interfacial region. The simulations show that the presence of particles with a Stokes settling velocity modifies the traditional double-diffusive fingering by creating an unstable ‘nose region’ in the horizontally averaged profiles, located between the upward-moving salinity and the downward-moving sediment interface. The effective thickness ( ) of the salinity (sediment) interface grows diffusively, as does the height of the nose region. The ratio initially grows and then plateaus, at a value that is determined by the balance between the flux of sediment into the rose region from above, the double-diffusive/Rayleigh–Taylor flux out of the nose region below, and the rate of sediment accumulation within the nose region. For small values of , double-diffusive fingering dominates, while for larger values the sediment and salinity interfaces become increasingly separated in space and the dominant instability mode becomes Rayleigh–Taylor like. A scaling analysis based on the results of a parametric study indicates that is a linear function of a single dimensionless grouping that can be interpreted as the ratio of inflow and outflow of sediment into the nose region. The simulation results furthermore indicate that double-diffusive and Rayleigh–Taylor instability mechanisms cause the effective settling velocity of the sediment to scale with the overall buoyancy velocity of the system, which can be orders of magnitude larger than the Stokes settling velocity. While the power spectra of double-diffusive and Rayleigh–Taylor-dominated flows are qualitatively similar, the difference between flows dominated by fingering and leaking is clearly seen when analysing the spectral phase shift. For leaking-dominated flows a phase-locking mechanism is observed, which intensifies with time. Hence, the leaking mode can be interpreted as a fingering mode which has become phase-locked due to large-scale overturning events in the nose region, as a result of a Rayleigh–Taylor instability.
Toxicity of Anthrax Toxin Is Influenced by Receptor Expression

Anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) binds to its cellular receptor, and seven subunits self-associate to form a heptameric ring that mediates the cytoplasmic entry of lethal factor or edema factor. The influence of receptor type on susceptibility to anthrax toxin components was examined using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the human form of one of two PA receptors: TEM8 or CMG2. Unexpectedly, PA alone, previously believed to only mediate entry of lethal factor or edema factor, was found to be toxic to CHO-TEM8 cells; cells treated with PA alone displayed reduced cell growth and decreased metabolic activity. PA-treated cells swelled and became permeable to membrane-excluded dye, suggesting that PA formed cell surface pores on CHO-TEM8 cells. While CHO-CMG2 cells were not killed by wild-type PA, they were susceptible to the PA variant, F427A. Receptor expression also conferred differences in susceptibility to edema factor.
A fatigue failure formula and a new measure of the roughness of a terrain profile

There have been complaints that the root mean square (RMS) does not describe the roughness of terrain profiles well. Similar complaints can be made about the international roughness index (IRI) as a measurement of roughness of terrain profiles. In this paper, by using the rainflow count of the oscillations of the terrain profiles, we shall first propose a fatigue failure formula and then we shall modify it to define a new measure of roughness of terrain profiles. We shall show that this new measure can describe the roughness better than the RMS and the IRI and hence, can be used, either independently or in conjunction with RMS and IRI, as a new measure of roughness of terrain profiles.
Assessment of the properties of poly(L-lactic acid) sheets produced with differing amounts of postconsumer recycled poly(L-lactic acid)

The properties of sheet containing mechanically recycled postconsumer poly(L-lactic acid) bottle flakes blended with virgin poly(L-lactic acid) resin were assessed. Poly(L-lactic acid) bottles were flaked, cleaned, blended with virgin resin and then extruded and thermoformed into trays. The molecular weight, physical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of the sheet containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 wt.% poly(L-lactic acid) recycled content were evaluated. The best cleaning conditions were found by using a mixed-level fractional factorial design. Cleaning conditions of 15 min, at 85°C, 1 wt.% NaOH and 0.3 wt.% surfactant were adopted for cleaning the poly(L-lactic acid) flakes. Cast-extruded virgin poly(L-lactic acid) sheet had superior mechanical and optical properties than recycled poly(L-lactic acid) sheet. Recycled poly(L-lactic acid) sheets were darker and absorbed more ultraviolet light in the 260 to 285 nm range when 20% or more recycled content was added. At 40% poly(L-lactic acid) recyc...
La pobreza y la concepción hegeliana del derecho como eticidad reflexiva

El presente articulo pretende demostrar que la pobreza no es un fenomeno aislado a la concepcion de derecho en la Filosofia del derecho de Hegel sino que juega un rol fundamental en el proyecto justificativo de dicha obra. La realizacion de derecho esta ligada directamente a la idea de libertad, y esta a su vez, a un orden etico que debe reconocer a la plebe y no privarla de derechos. Es por esto por lo que la pobreza afecta de forma directa a la concepcion del derecho dado que si no se reconoce a la plebe como libre, no existe el derecho como tal.
Cultural competence in clinician communication.

1. Cheryl Kodjo, MD, MPH* 1. *Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Define cultural competence. 2. Explain the need for cultural competence. 3. Describe the changing child demographics of the United States. 4. Discuss the process of becoming a more culturally competent clinician. 5. Review tools and techniques that help achieve cultural competence. Note: A clarification has been posted. Some have suggested that cultural competence cannot be taught or learned and that some clinicians are just more sensitive than others when it comes to issues of cultural differences. Indeed, in some instances, we preach to the choir, if you will, regarding attitudes toward cultural competence. However, certain skills can be imparted to help all clinicians, regardless of their attitudes. As Dr Joseph Betancourt concludes, we would not accept substandard competence in other areas of clinical medicine, and cultural competence should not be an exception.(1) Certain skills can be acquired, practiced, and honed on the journey of becoming a more culturally competent clinician. This article reviews the evolution and benefits of cultural competence in pediatric practice and gives examples of questions that can be asked to provide more comprehensive care to the patient and his or her family. Cultural competence can be assessed via several methods. For example, evaluations or satisfaction surveys from patients, families, and staff, otherwise known as 360-degree evaluations, in a busy pediatric practice can provide useful feedback that prompts change in behavior. Observation, one of the best tools for evaluating clinician behavior, can be performed by using either standardized or real patients. Observed role-playing with standardized patients can provide clinicians with formative feedback to improve their interviewing skills. Observation of interactions with actual patients or unidentified standardized patients, similar to the observation model used in education, captures actual clinician behavior when functioning under pressure. The Institute of Medicine issued its landmark report …
NONPARAMETRIC QUANTILE ESTIMATION FROM RECORD‐BREAKING DATA

Summary Sometimes, in industrial quality control experiments and destructive stress testing, only values smaller than all previous ones are observed. Here we consider nonparametric quantile estimation, both the ‘sample quantile function’ and kernel-type estimators, from such record-breaking data. For a single record-breaking sample, consistent estimation is not possible except in the extreme tails of the distribution. Hence replication is required, and for m. such independent record-breaking samples the quantile estimators are shown to be strongly consistent and asymptotically normal as m-∞. Also, for small m, the mean-squared errors, biases and smoothing parameters (for the smoothed estimators) are investigated through computer simulations.
Multiscale deflation solvers for flow in porous media

This work describes a novel physics-based deflation preconditioner approach for solving porous media flow problems characterized by highly heterogeneous media. The approach relies on high-conductivity block solutions after rearranging the linear system coefficients into high-conductive and low conductive blocks from a given physically driven threshold value. This rearranging relies on the Hoshen-Kopelman (H-K) algorithm that is commonly used to determine percolation clusters. The resulting preconditioner may alternatively be combined with a deflation preconditioning stage. The proposed approach is coined as a physics-based 2-stage deflation preconditioner (P2SDP). Numerical experiments on different permeability distributions reveal that P2SDP is a powerful means to solve pressure systems when compared to more conventional algebraic approaches such as the incomplete Cholesky factorization. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Changes in Retinal Nonperfusion Associated with Suppression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose To assess changes in retinal nonperfusion (RNP) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treated with ranibizumab. Design Secondary outcome measure in randomized double-masked controlled clinical trial. Participants Thirty-nine patients with central RVO (CRVO) and 42 with branch RVO (BRVO). Methods Subjects were randomized to 0.5 or 2.0 mg ranibizumab every month for 6 months and then were re-randomized to pro re nata (PRN) groups receiving either ranibizumab plus scatter laser photocoagulation or ranibizumab alone for an additional 30 months. Main Outcome Measures Comparison of percentage of patients with increased or decreased area of RNP in patients with RVO treated with 0.5 versus 2.0 mg ranibizumab, during monthly injections versus ranibizumab PRN, and in patients treated with ranibizumab PRN versus ranibizumab PRN plus laser. Results In RVO patients given monthly injections of 0.5 or 2.0 mg ranibizumab for 6 months, there was no significant difference in the percentage who showed reduction or increase in the area of RNP. However, regardless of dose, during the 6-month period of monthly injections, a higher percentage of patients showed a reduction in area of RNP and a lower percentage showed an increase in area of RNP compared with subsequent periods of ranibizumab PRN treatment. After the 6-month period of monthly injections, BRVO patients, but not CRVO patients, randomized to ranibizumab PRN plus laser showed significantly less progression of RNP compared with patients treated with ranibizumab PRN. Conclusions Regardless of dose (0.5 or 2.0 mg), monthly ranibizumab injections promote improvement and reduce progression of RNP compared with PRN injections. The addition of scatter photocoagulation to ranibizumab PRN may reduce progression of RNP in patients with BRVO, but a statistically significant reduction was not seen in patients with CRVO.
An Ottoman Commentary Tradition on Ghazālī’s Tahāfut al-falāsifa . Preliminary Observations *

Ghazālī’s “The incoherence of the philosophers” spurred a counter-commentary by Ibn Rushd, as is well known. Up to ten texts from Ottoman scholars also purport to be commentaries on the Tahāfut , constituting a commentary tradition that has been neglected by scholars. The first two commentators, Khojazāda (d. 1488) and ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Ṭūsī (d. 1482), are not line-by-line exegetes of Ghazālī, but rather update the discussions that Ghazālī broached to the level of knowledge available to them. Khojazāda was favored by the Ottomans, but ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn’s content, methodology and argumentation style proves to be just as, if not more, interesting for us.
Factors associated with improved outcomes after second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsed pediatric leukemia

A second allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is an important therapeutic consideration for patients relapsing after their first. We conducted a retrospective review of 41 pediatric patients with leukemia that underwent a second allo-HCT at our institution. Overall, 53.7 and 43.9 % of patients were alive and disease-free at 1 and 5 years, respectively, after the second allo-HCT. The factors affecting outcome by both univariate and multivariate analysis were interval between transplants and the use of a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen prior to second transplant. Outcomes were inferior in patients who received their second transplant <6 months from their first HCT when compared to patients in whom the interval between HCTs was 6-12 or more than 12 months. Interval between HCTs was also significant when each type of leukemia (acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) n = 21, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) n = 11, and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) n = 7) was analyzed separately. In univariate analysis, use of the same donor and use of a matched sibling donor resulted in significant improved outcome. There was not a significant association between disease-free survival (DFS) and age, remission status, use of total body irradiation (TBI) before second HCT, or type of leukemia. Second allogeneic HCT can be a curative therapeutic option for leukemia patients relapsing after their first transplant. As more targeted therapies have become available, patients that relapse after first HCT are more likely to achieve remission. Therefore, it is anticipated that there will be more candidates for second HCT with improved performance and remission status, ultimately leading to a better outcome with the second HCT.
Seminal Cytology in the Presence of Varicocele

The role of varicocele in subfertility was examined in 200 men with poor semen quality and in 87 additional men with fair to good semen quality despite varicocele. Semen quality was evaluated in terms of sperm count sperm motility and sperm morphology. Of the 200 men with poor sperm quality 65% had a sperm count below 20 million/ml and 42% were in the 0-9 million/ml range. In contrast most sperm counts in the 87 subjects with fair to good semen quality were above 40 million/ml and none was below 20 million. Ligation was not recommended for the latter group. 106 of the 200 men in the 1st group consented to ligation of the left internal spermatic vein and the semen quality of 77 men was followed at monthly intervals for an average of 10 months. After ligation the percentage of those with counts below 20 million/ml fell from 63.5 to 29.7 and 40.7% appeared in the above 40 million/ml category (up from 12.5%). Before ligation 63.3% of the 77 subjects with adequate follow-up reached an acceptable motility level (120) in contrast to 7.8% in this category before operation. More than 50% of excessively subnormal motility indexes improved to a level approaching or surpassing normal making motility the single most significant aspect of the effects of ligation on semen quality. In terms of morphology 91% of the 200 subjects with poor semen quality showed moderate to marked stress pathology (e.g. tapering and amorphous cells and the exfoliation of immature cells of the germinal line into the ejaculate. After ligation the percentage of men with amorphous cells fell from 78 to 44 and the percentage of those with tapering in conjunction with immature forms dropped from 65 to 28.5. The conception rate among the 68 men for whom information was available was 47.6% (32 cases). 81% and 37% of these conceptions occurred at sperm count levels below 60 and 20 million/ml respectively. However 29 of the 32 cases showed passable to excellent motility indexes (120-300) suggesting that motility is a more important factor in conception than sperm count. It is hypothesized that varicocele itself may not be the causative factor in disturbed spermatogenesis. Retrograde flow of blood into the left internal spermatic vein stasis of blood in the renal vein and the close proximity of the outflow of hormones from the adrenal cortex may create an abnormal environment around the left testis.
An Undescribed Species of Curvularia Pathogenic to Dichanthium Annulatum

(1967). An Undescribed Species of Curvularia Pathogenic to Dichanthium Annulatum. Mycologia: Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 888-892.
Apparatus for Studying Feeding and Oviposition by Angoumois Grain Moth Adults

Polystyrene plastic jars with metal lids were modified to simplify feeding Angoumois grain moth adults, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), and to facilitate removing and replacing paper oviposition strips without moths escaping (Fig. 1). Oviposition strips inserted through a slit in the lid were black construction paper modified from the type devised by Ellington (1930). They fitted snugly in the slit, yet could be removed and replaced conveniently. Eggs are deposited between the edges of the papers so are not raked off as the strips are removed.
Arts in Italy: Development Trough Experiential Marketing. Some Empirical Evidences.

Growing competitive pressure, increasingly demanding clients and financial instability are forcing cultural organizations to look for innovative management tools to remain successful in the market. The experiential approach and/or experiential marketing seem to offer an answer to the new challenges.
Research engagement of health sciences librarians: a survey of research-related activities and attitudes.

Introduction: The extent to which health sciences librarians are engaged in research is a little-studied question. This study assesses the research activities and attitudes of Medical Library Association (MLA) members, including the influence of work affiliation. Methods: An online survey was designed using a combination of multiple-choice and open-ended questions and distributed to MLA members. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, content analysis, and significance testing. The authors used statistical tools and categorized openended question topics by the constant comparative method, also applying the broad subject categories used in a prior study. Pearson’s chi-square analysis was performed on responses to determine significant differences among respondents employed in three different institutional environments. Results: Analysis showed that 79% of respondents read research articles at least once a month; 58% applied published research studies to practice; 44% had conducted research; 62% reported acting on research had enhanced their libraries; 38% had presented findings; and 34% had authored research articles. Hospital librarians were significantly less likely than academic librarians to have participated in research activities. Highly ranked research benefits, barriers, and competencies of health sciences librarians are described. Conclusions: Findings indicate that health sciences librarians are actively engaged in research activities. Practice implications for practitioners, publishers, and stakeholders are discussed. Results suggest that practitioners can use published research results and results from their own research to affect practice decisions and improve services. Future studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings, including the need for intervention studies to increase research and writing productivity.
Chen Yun's Study on the Party's Historical Experience and The Construction Of Socialist Modernization

Chen Yun believes that the party's shortcomings and errors occurred during the socialist construction are mainly due to the lack of own experience.Chen Yun draws attention to the party's historical experience,summarizes from the practice of China's socialist modernization.His studies point out that increasing the planning part of economy does not necessarily mean decreasing the absolute amount of market share,but might bring increase accordingly.He also points out that the failure of economy and publicity might cause serious results.These summaries reflect the Chinese style of popularization and nationalization,effectively guiding the work order out of chaos in full swing on all fronts,and thus promote the reform and opening up and socialist modernization construction.
Bicarbonate diffusion through mucus

The mucus layer overlying duodenal epithelium maintains a pH gradient against high luminal acid concentrations. Despite these adverse conditions, epithelial surface pH remains close to neutrality. The exact nature of the gradient-forming barrier remains unknown. The barrier consists of mucus into which HCO3- is secreted. Quantification of the ability of HCO3- to establish and maintain the gradient depends on accurate measurement of this ion's diffusion coefficient through mucus. We describe new experimental and mathematical methods for diffusion measurement and report diffusion coefficients for HCO3- diffusion through saline, 5% mucin solutions, and rat duodenal mucus. The diffusion coefficients were 20.2 +/- 0.10, 3.02 +/- 0.31, and 1.81 +/- 0.12 x 10(-6) cm2/s, respectively. Modeling of the mucobicarbonate layer with this latter value suggests that for conditions of high luminal acid strength the neutralization of acid by HCO3- occurs just above the epithelial surface. Under these conditions the model predicts that fluid convection toward the lumen could be important in maintaining the pH gradient. In support of this hypothesis we were able to demonstrate a net luminal fluid flux of 5 microliters.min-1.cm-2 after perfusion of 0.15 N HCl in the rat duodenum.
Subclinical changes in brain morphology following cardiac operations as reflected by computed tomographic scans of the brain

Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic circulatory arrest on brain morphology were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Of 57 children undergoing cardiac operations, 45 (4.5 ± 2.8 years of age) were operated upon with the use of CPB with high-flow, mildly hypothermic perfusions. Twenty-seven of them were perfused with bubble oxygenators and 18 with membrane oxygenators. In the bubble oxygenator group, all 14 with 20 μ filters in the arterial line showed no postoperative CT changes, whereas four of 13 (31%) with 40 μ filters or without filters showed decreases in brain mass on CT scans. Three of these four patients underwent perfusion for more than 80 minutes. There were no CT changes in the membrane oxygenator group. Twelve infants (10.4 ± 4.5 months of age) were operated upon with the aid of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest (core temperature below 20° C). Ten of 12 who had circulatory arrest for less than 60 minutes showed no CT changes, but two infants who had circulatory arrest for more than 60 minutes showed changes similar to those described above. All six children with CT changes had no clinical manifestation of the brain damage, and their CT abnormalities recovered within 6 to 11 months after operation. The specific cause of these changes remains undetermined, but microemboli or hypoxia during operation could be implicated.
The Missing Jurisprudence of Merit

This article examines and dispels the pervasive assumption that our society legally mandates the distribution of rewards based on merit. The assumption provides justification for the frequently held view that anti-discrimination laws and affirmative action policies undermine our supposed merit based system. No body of law defines merit, measures merit, or selects on the basis of merit; hence, "the missing jurisprudence of merit. As an initial matter, this article describes how certain rhetoric uses "merit" to argue against anti-discrimination laws and affirmative action. The article next discusses the relationship between anti-discrimination statutes and the dominant system of employment-at-will in private business. The following sections discuss merit-based student admissions in academia; how the academic definition of merit has changed, and how such cases as Hopwood v. Texas fit into the academic selection process. The discussion continues with two exceptions to the thesis, areas of the law where merit plays a role. The exceptions include merit as a defense to charges of employment discrimination and merit selection in civilservice.In conclusion, this article discusses the problems a lack of merit jurisprudence causes, including the flourishing of rhetoric against anti-discrimination laws and our nation's inability to define and apply a merit system. This article does not claim that merit is nonexistent, or that selection decisions should not include considerations of merit. Rather, this article argues that society should use merit in decisions, but its use must be rigorously defined, studied, and debate.
Al-Pd Nanodisk Heterodimers as Antenna-Reactor Photocatalysts.

Photocatalysis uses light energy to drive chemical reactions. Conventional industrial catalysts are made of transition metal nanoparticles that interact only weakly with light, while metals such as Au, Ag, and Al that support surface plasmons interact strongly with light but are poor catalysts. By combining plasmonic and catalytic metal nanoparticles, the plasmonic “antenna” can couple light into the catalytic “reactor”. This interaction induces an optical polarization in the reactor nanoparticle, forcing a plasmonic response. When this “forced plasmon” decays it can generate hot carriers, converting the catalyst into a photocatalyst. Here we show that precisely oriented, strongly coupled Al–Pd nanodisk heterodimers fabricated using nanoscale lithography can function as directional antenna–reactor photocatalyst complexes. The light-induced hydrogen dissociation rate on these structures is strongly dependent upon the polarization angle of the incident light with respect to the orientation of the antenna–re...
Passivity considerations for sub-gridded FDTD with discrete complex wave impedance

The analytical expression for the discrete complex wave impedance (DCWI) in the 1-dimensional method of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) grid is derived and correlated against numerical results from FDTD simulation. The DCWI for each grid (i.e., coarse main grid and fine sub-grid) is used as the characteristic impedance of the equivalent transmission line representing that grid. Subsequently, using time-average power considerations, the transmission lines are used to arrive at the passivity criteria for the sub-gridded FDTD as a function of the spatial discretization h and wavelength λ. The analysis shows that waves with wavelength λ < πh can lead to non-passive behavior in sub-gridded FDTD.
Strategies for improving self-control among naïve, sophisticated, and time-consistent consumers

Abstract Important prior research has established measurement scales (e.g., Tangney, Baumeister, & Boone, 2004) to determine individual differences in self-control and to predict behavior. However, these measurement scales do not account for the lack of awareness that many people have regarding their own self-control abilities. In the current research, the authors develop a new classification method based on O’Donoghue and Rabin’s (1999a) theory of time-consistent, naive, and sophisticated individuals, and they show that this method predicts future preferences and behavior. In addition, the authors test two alternative strategies for improving self-control: precommitment (Ariely & Wertenbroch, 2002) and outcome elaboration (Nenkov, Inman, & Hulland, 2008), and they demonstrate how these strategies differentially affect these three categories of consumers.
Signaler and Receiver Psychology

This edited volume on Psychological Mechanisms in Animal Communication highlights research on the sensory, perceptual, and cognitive mechanisms that underlie signaling and receiving. It brings together researchers working on a broad range of conceptual questions in diverse animal systems and using an assortment of empirical tools. Collectively, these researchers seek to understand how signalers signal and receivers receive. This introductory chapter introduces the major questions in studies of signaler and receiver psychology that are explored in greater depth in subsequent chapters. In so doing, this chapter makes the case that a research agenda aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of signaler and receiver psychology complements and enriches several current areas of animal communication research, in particular those focused on signal design and the parallels and precursors of human language in animals. Ultimately, the goal of this volume is to lay a solid foundation for broader and more comparative studies that investigate the psychological mechanisms of animal communication.
Natural Law Theory

In this chapter we will critically examine natural law theory and the proposal that there is a necessary connection between positive (human-created) family law and natural family law (objectively valid, universal moral rules not created by humans). Natural law theory, as it applies to family law, proposes that the rules of positive family law are valid only if they conform to the rules of natural family law. Our question is whether this theory can be successfully defended. We begin with a description of a Supreme Court case invalidating a state statute prohibiting sexual activity and marriages between persons of different races, in which the prohibition was partly based on appeals to natural law. We will then test several versions of natural law theory, beginning with a classical version originally proposed in the seventeenth century by the English philosopher John Locke. We conclude with a discussion of two modern versions of the theory proposed and defended in the twentieth century by American philosophers Lon Fuller and Ronald Dworkin.
Is It the Job or the Support? Examining Structural and Relational Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention for Nonprofit Employees:

We examine the relative efficacy of two theoretically distinct variables for predicting job satisfaction and turnover intentions for workers in nonprofit organizations. The first, perceived job characteristics, reflects the structure of jobs in terms of autonomy, skill variety, task identity, task significance, and feedback. The second, perceived organizational support, reflects the quality of the employee–organization relationship. We collected data from 196 full-time, nonprofit employees across two time periods, and we tested hypotheses using hierarchical regression and relative importance analysis. Results emphasize the significance of managing employees in a supportive manner and structuring jobs so that employees can work autonomously.
Antagonistic actions of two human Pan3 isoforms on global mRNA turnover

Deadenylation is a fundamental process that regulates eukaryotic gene expression. Mammalian deadenylation exhibits biphasic kinetics, with the Pan2-Pan3 and Ccr4-Caf1 deadenylase complexes mediating the first and second phase, respectively; however, the significance of the biphasic nature of deadenylation in mRNA turnover remains unclear. In this study, we discovered that two distinct isoforms of human Pan3 display opposing properties necessary for coordinating the two phases of deadenylation. The shorter isoform (Pan3S) interacts more strongly with PABP than the longer isoform (Pan3L) does. Pan2 deadenylase activity is enhanced by Pan3S but suppressed by Pan3L. Knocking down individual Pan3 isoforms has opposing effects on the global poly(A) tail length profile, P-body formation, and different mRNA decay pathways. Transcriptome-wide analysis of Pan3 knockdown effects on mRNA turnover shows that depleting either Pan3 isoform causes profound and extensive changes in mRNA stability globally. These results reveal a new fundamental step governing mammalian mRNA metabolism. We propose that the first phase of deadenylation, coordinated through the interplay among the two Pan3 isoforms, Pan2, and PABP, represents a cytoplasmic mRNA maturation step important for proper mRNA turnover.
Multicore and data-level optimization: OpenMP and SIMD

Embedded processors share many things in common with desktop and server processors. Like desktop and server processors, mobile embedded systems are comprised of multiple processors but code must be explicitly written to utilize all available processors. Also like desktop and server processors, each processor contains a feature that allows a single instruction to process multiple elements of data, but this also generally requires specific code features to use. Unlike desktop and server processors, embedded processors cannot automatically execute instructions in parallel unless the instructions appear in a favorable order in the software. Together, these aspects of program design can have a substantial performance impact for computationally expensive applications.
De novo design of antibody complementarity determining regions binding a FLAG tetra-peptide.

Computational antibody engineering efforts to date have focused on improving binding affinities or biophysical characteristics. De novo design of antibodies binding specific epitopes could greatly accelerate discovery of therapeutics as compared to conventional immunization or synthetic library selection strategies. Here, we employed de novo complementarity determining region (CDR) design to engineer targeted antibody–antigen interactions using previously described in silico methods. CDRs predicted to bind the minimal FLAG peptide (Asp–Tyr–Lys–Asp) were grafted onto a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) acceptor framework. Fifty scFvs comprised of designed heavy and light or just heavy chain CDRs were synthesized and screened for peptide binding by phage ELISA. Roughly half of the designs resulted in detectable scFv expression. Four antibodies, designed entirely in silico, bound the minimal FLAG sequence with high specificity and sensitivity. When reformatted as soluble antigen-binding fragments (Fab), these clones expressed well, were predominantly monomeric and retained peptide specificity. In both formats, the antibodies bind the peptide only when present at the amino-terminus of a carrier protein and even conservative peptide amino acid substitutions resulted in a complete loss of binding. These results support in silico CDR design of antibody specificity as an emerging antibody engineering strategy.
Printing ultrathin graphene oxide nanofiltration membranes for water purification

We demonstrated for the first time that inkjet printing can be a low-cost, easy, fast, and scalable method for depositing ultrathin (7.5–60 nm) uniform graphene oxide (GO) nanofiltration membranes on polymeric supports for highly effective water purification. A large area (15 × 15 cm2) GO nanofiltration membrane was printed successfully on a modified polyacrylonitrile (M-PAN) support. Water permeance and rejection of small organic molecules ( 95%) of small organic molecules. Printed GO membranes also showed excellent performance in removing pharmaceutical contaminants, with ∼95% rejection and <10% water permeance decline over extended-period permeation testing. We believe that inkjet printing could be an effective method for preparing ultrathin GO membranes for effective water nanofiltration purification.
Incorporating Radiation Effects Into AE9/AP9

This paper describes a framework for incorporating linear radiation effects into the statistical machinery of the AE9/AP9 radiation climatology model software via “kernel” files. Users can provide their own kernels without modification of the software. Kernels can be applied to a variety of radiation effects such as proton single-event effect rate, internal charging current, ionizing dose, and nonionizing dose. Kernels can be generated for custom shielding geometry and materials and for custom parts or material susceptibilities.
Computer-Related Cartoons and Humor and Its Historical Transition

Humor involving computers has been around since the first computer, but really took off in the 1980s when microcomputers became part of everyone's lives This poster will examine some of the witty and satirical amusements found in pictures, comics, and words that the author has found over the years with an examination of how some of the humor has evolved over time or may have been a predictor of things to come.
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Odds of Cesarean Delivery in Hispanic Women.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and cesarean delivery in Hispanics. Methods We examined these associations among 1,215 participants in Proyecto Buena Salud, a prospective cohort of Hispanic women studied from 2006 to 2011. Prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and the mode of delivery were abstracted from medical records. Results A quarter of the participants entered pregnancy with obesity, 23% delivered via cesarean, and 52% exceeded the Institute of Medicine guidelines for GWG. After adjusting for age, women with obesity had 2.03 times the odds of cesarean delivery compared with women with normal BMI (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-2.82); findings remained significant after adjusting for GWG. Women with excessive total GWG had 1.49 times the odds of cesarean delivery (95% CI: 1.06-2.10) compared with women who gained within guidelines. An excessive rate of third trimester GWG (standard deviation [SD] change in GWG per week) increased the odds of cesarean delivery (odds ratio = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.05-2.62), while an excessive rate of first and third trimester GWG was not associated with increased odds. Conclusions Obesity prior to pregnancy was associated with increased odds of cesarean delivery among Hispanics. Excessive GWG across pregnancy and an excessive rate of third trimester GWG were also associated with increased odds.
Phase Diagram of the Ternary Water–Tetrahydrofuran–Ammonia System at Low Temperatures. Implications for Clathrate Hydrates and Outgassing on Titan

Titan’s icy shell is expected to contain predominantly methane clathrate hydrates, water ice Ih, and possibly ammonia hydrates, beneath a cover of diverse organics formed via atmospheric photochemistry. The dissociation of clathrate hydrates has long been inferred as a potential replenishment mechanism for atmospheric methane; however, pure methane clathrates would be stable all the way to the surface. The melting of ammonia hydrates and subsequent interaction with methane clathrates could favor the dissociation of clathrates at much lower temperatures, due to the strong antifreeze effect of ammonia. To better understand the phase behavior of clathrate hydrates in the presence of ammonia, we have developed phase diagrams for the ternary system water–ammonia–tetrahydrofuran at 1 bar and in the temperature range 77–280 K via differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. We have been able to determine how ammonia promotes the start of a partial dissociation of THF–clathrates at temperatures far c...
Preparing Physical and Occupational Therapists to Be Health Promotion Practitioners: A Call for Action

Experts around the world support the integration of health promotion and wellness (HPW) services into traditional health care services. If successfully executed, the addition of HPW services would reduce rates of death and disability and significantly reduce health care costs. While all health care providers should be engaged in providing HPW services, many believe that physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) are uniquely positioned to provide these services. However, research suggests that clinicians in both fields may fall short in doing so. Likewise, research indicates that entry-level educational programs inadequately prepare PT and OT students to be HPW practitioners. The overall purpose of this paper is to provide recommendations to educators for preparing PT and OT students and clinicians to better meet the HPW needs of the clients and patients they serve.
“NINGUÉM QUER SER UM TREZE DE MAIO”: Abolição, raça e identidade nacional nos contos de Astolfo Marques (1903-1907)

RESUMO O presente artigo aborda a relacao entre raca, nacionalidade e Abolicao nos contos do intelectual negro maranhense Astolfo Marques (1876-1918) escritos para celebrar o fim da escravidao no Brasil no dia 13 de maio de 1888. A investigacao desses textos, publicados na primeira decada do seculo XX, nos permite analisar as formas de integracao dos negros a sociedade brasileira moderna atraves de narrativas construidas por intelectuais negros no pos-abolicao.
Adjusting to Autonomous Trucking

This column considers the basic economics of autonomous trucking. It illustrates some of the gains and challenges from scaling. It argues that most of the hysteria is misleading.
Leadership emergence in Social Ventures: How does the founding team select the first CEO?

This study examines the issue of leadership emergence in nascent-stage social ventures: entrepreneurial organizations aim to pursue social missions with business models. The first CEO of the social...
Static Leakage Reduction through Simulteneous V T T/T OX and State Assignment

Standby leakage current minimization is a pressing concern for mobile applications that rely on standby modes to extend battery life. In this paper, we propose new leakage current reduction methods in standby mode. First, we propose a combined approach of sleep-state assignment and threshold voltage (V t ) assignment in a dual-V t process for subthreshold leakage (I sub ) reduction. Second, for the minimization of gate oxide leakage current (I gate ) which has become comparable to I sub in 90nm technologies, we extend the above method to a combined sleep-state, V t and gate oxide thickness (T ox ) assignments approach in a dual-V t and dual-T ox process to minimize both I sub and I gate . By combining V t or V t /T ox assignment with sleep-state assignment, leakage current can be dramatically reduced since the circuit is in a known state in standby mode and only certain transistors are responsible for leakage current and need to be considered for high-V t or thick-T ox assignment. A significant improvement in the leakage/performance trade-off is therefore achievable using such combined methods. We formulate the optimization problem for simultaneous state/V t and state/V t /T ox assignments under delay constraints and propose both an exact method for its optimal solution as well as two practical heuristics with reasonable run time. We implemented and tested the proposed methods on a set of synthesized benchmark circuits and show substantial leakage current reduction compared to the previous approaches using only state assignment or V t assignment alone.
Character of rapid vegetation and climate change during the late-glacial in southernmost South America

A major question of future global change concerns the rate of environmental (e.g. vegetation) response to the predicted, rapid, shifts in future climate. Specific questions are: is the environment, specifically the vegetation, in equilibrium with climate, or does it lag behind the climate change? What is the effect of scale, spatial and temporal, on environmental response to climate change? Records of past vegetation change offer a possibility to address these questions of response time and magnitude (Prentice 1986; Huntley 1990, 1991). At large spatial (continental-scale) and temporal (century) scales dynamic equilibrium between vegetation and climate seems a reasonable assumption (Prentice 1986). At fine scales the existence of equilibrium or lags is disputed (Webb 1986). The most productive approach to this dispute is the study of high-resolution, multi-proxy records. Here we present a high-resolution palaeoclimate study based on combined pollen and stable isotope (δD) analyses for the late-glacial portion of a peat core from Tierra del Fuego, that allowed us to address these questions of character and timing of climate change and vegetation response.
Conceptual Review of the Use of High-Strength Grouted Post-Tensioned Anchor Bars to Retrofit or Replace Tainter Gate Anchorage Systems

AbstractThis paper reviews the suitability and use of post-tensioned grouted anchors to replace and/or retrofit existing Tainter gate anchorage systems. A thorough historical and theoretical review...
In vivo EPR Imaging

Aspects of in vivo EPR imaging are discussed, including low frequency spectrometer design, spin probe development, data acquisition and image reconstruction for spatial and spectral-spatial imaging, and the types of biological measurements that can be made using these techniques.