cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blurring the Lines: 'Elizabeth Rogers hir Virginall Book' in Context

Evidence in Elizabeth Rogers hir virginal book suggests that Elizabeth Rogers herself received training in composition, transposition, and ornamentation—practices not heretofore associated with young women in England during the mid-seventeenth century. The manuscript also represents a trend towards blurring the line between professional and amateur sources: it is one of the earliest manuscripts in England that challenges modern assumptions about what constitutes an amateur's manuscript and what a professional's, and, by extension, what repertory belongs in a woman's manuscript. Elizabeth Rogers contains a diverse repertory that includes up-to-date foreign pieces, but not modern English music, characteristics that further mark it as atypical. Copied in the 1650s, the volume demonstrates a move towards a more current, competitive market in which, by the end of the century, amateur sources can no longer be easily distinguished from professional manuscripts.
Method for measuring lipid mediators, proteins, and messenger RNAs from a single tissue specimen.

Abstract This article describes a new method for extracting RNA, protein, and lipid mediators from a single tissue specimen. Specifically, mouse bone fracture callus specimens were extracted into a single solution that was processed using three different procedures to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR), cytokines and growth factors using an xMAP method, and lipid mediators by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). This method has several advantages because it decreases the number of animals necessary for experimentation, allows division of the sample from a homogeneous mixture that reduces sample variability, and uses a solution that protects the integrity of the macromolecules during storage.
Rit-mediated Stress Resistance Involves a p38-Mitogen- and Stress-activated Protein Kinase 1 (MSK1)-dependent cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) Activation Cascade

The cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) is a key regulatory factor of gene transcription, and plays an essential role in development of the central nervous system and for neuroprotection. Multiple signaling pathways have been shown to contribute to the regulation of CREB-dependent transcription, including both ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases cascades. Recent studies have identified the Ras-related small G-protein, Rit, as a central regulator of a p38-MK2-HSP27 signaling cascade that functions as a critical survival mechanism for cells adapting to stress. Here, we examine the contribution of Rit-p38 signaling to the control of stress-dependent gene transcription. Using a pheochromocytoma cell model, we find that a novel Rit-p38-MSK1/2 pathway plays a critical role in stress-mediated CREB activation. RNAi-mediated Rit silencing, or inhibition of p38 or MSK1/2 kinases, was found to disrupt stress-mediated CREB-dependent transcription, resulting in increased cell death. Furthermore, ectopic expression of active Rit stimulates CREB-Ser133 phosphorylation, induces expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and BclXL proteins, and promotes cell survival. These data indicate that the Rit-p38-MSK1/2 signaling pathway may have an important role in the stress-dependent regulation of CREB-dependent gene expression.
Temporal variation of the leak pressure of uncuffed endotracheal tubes following pediatric intubation: an observational study.

Purpose Uncuffed endotracheal tubes are still preferred over cuffed tubes in certain situations in pediatric anesthesia. Inaccurately sized uncuffed endotracheal tubes may lead to inadequate ventilation or tracheal mucosal damage during anesthesia. Endotracheal tube size in children is usually assessed by measuring the audible leak pressure; if the fit of the tube and the leak pressure decrease significantly with time, reintubation during surgery as a result of inability to ventilate effectively may be challenging, and could lead to patient morbidity. There is no evidence to indicate whether leak pressure increases or decreases with time following endotracheal intubation with uncuffed tubes in children.
IgA and IgA-specific receptors in human disease: structural and functional insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.

IgA antibodies play an important role in humoral immunity. IgA is the predominant antibody in mucosal secretions and the second most prevalent in the serum. It occupies a unique position among human antibodies in that it can both trigger and suppress inflammatory responses, depending on the situation. Recent structural and functional studies have revealed details of the structure of IgA and its interaction with key cell-surface receptors. We look at the role IgA and IgA receptors (particularly FcαRI) play in the pathogenesis of diseases such as IgA nephropathy and other autoimmune conditions. Finally, we address the potential of IgA as a therapeutic tool to either trigger specific inflammatory responses to destroy target cells or suppress inflammatory responses in the case of autoimmune diseases, and the promise of mucosal vaccines for eliciting specific IgA responses to pathogens in mucosal environments.
Reduction and oxidation of cytochrome C by Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) mitochondria.

Abstract 1. 1. Mitochondrial membranes of adult Hymenolepis diminuta catalyzed inhibitor-sensitive ferricytochrome c reduction. 2. 2. Cytochrome c reductase activity was noted when NAD(P)H or succinate served as the reductant with the NADH-coupled reaction being most prominent. Both rotenone-sensitive and -insensitive reduced pyridine nucleotide-coupled activities were apparent. 3. 3. Ferrocytochrome c oxidase activity also was catalyzed by H. diminuta mitochondrial membranes and this reaction was sensitive to azide and cyanide. 4. 4. A cytochrome c peroxidase activity was associated primarily with the mitochondrial soluble fraction of adult H. diminuta. 5. 5. The possibility that the activities observed may contribute to the elimination of peroxide in the helminth system is considered.
A π electron interaction potential function for Ni(CO)4 and related molecules

Abstract In order to reduce the number of force constants to the number of frequencies for tetrahedral X(YZ)4 molecules, thus making the normal vibration problem solvable, a specialized quadratic potential function was developed. This function is based on the hypothesis that the interaction constants arise mainly from interatomic interactions of the π electrons and π orbitals. For this reason it is called a π Interaction Valence Force Field (πIVFF). The specific case of Ni(CO)4 has been treated and the force constants obtained are shown to be quite reasonable.
Sarcocystis in American Black Ducks Wintering in New Jersey

Macrocysts of a protozoan parasite, Sarcocystis sp., were found in 28 of 173 American black ducks (Anas rubripes) examined during winters 1984–1985, 1985–1986 and 1986–1987 in south coastal New Jersey (USA). No macrocysts were detected in 80 juvenile black ducks. In adults, the prevalence of macrocysts increased from 3% (1 of 37) in 1984–1985, to 36% (12 of 33) in 1985–1986, and 65% (15 of 23) in 1986–1987. This increase could result in a greater number of harvested birds being discarded, or a change in the attitudes of waterfowl hunters towards black ducks.
Application of Terrain Analysis and Geographic Information Systems to the Construction of Hydrologic Databases: A Case Study

Spatial data in digital form have become increasingly available in a wide range of different formats. Often, however, the available data are unreliable even in routine applications. This paper illustrates these problems in relation to both digital elevation and stream network data. It presents new techniques within the framework of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the Great Miami River Basin of Ohio and Indiana to improve data usability. Inconsistencies in the digital elevation models (DEMs) were reduced by combing the raw 1-degree DEMs with hydrography layers to create a new, hydrologically correct DEM. Relevant topographic characteristics of 34 gaged watersheds could be extracted with improved accuracy from the modified DEM. Discrepancies in the drainage density in the hydrography layers were reduced by extracting the stream network from the DEM. The result is a consistent drainage network that eliminates inconsistencies inherent in the original data across the Indiana-Ohio state line. The database also includes the spatial distribution of land use and land cover, and soil properties. This study shows that computer processing can improve the consistency of commercial data products.
A method of calculating current-limiter and fuse-clearing times in A-C systems

When a fault occurs on an aircraft a-c system with voltage-regulated alternators, the short-circuit current goes through a transient period depending on the alternator-regulator characteristic. This transient period has been found to vary from several milliseconds to perhaps 300 milliseconds and, consequently, may have a considerable effect on fuse or current-limiter clearing times. This paper presents a method of calculating current-limiter or fuse-clearing times which includes the effect of this transient period. Results of calculations from this method are compared with laboratory tests demonstrating that the method has a reasonable degree of accuracy.
EVALUATING A MINDSET TRAINING PROGRAM TO UNLEASH THE ENHANCING NATURE OF STRESS

ObjectiveTo present the theory, design, and evaluation of a corporate training program intended to alter participants’ mindsets (beliefs and expectations) about stress. Design229 individuals were r...
A seafloor observatory to monitor gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico

Gas hydrates are solid structures composed of gas molecules encased in cages of water molecules. Most interesting to the energy community are hydrates that contain hydrocarbon gases. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, hydrates of this type form in water depths greater than 450 m and often occur in mounds located where faults intersect the seafloor. Typically, these hydrates consist of seawater from which the salt has been excluded and gases that have migrated up faults from buried hydrocarbon reservoirs. In addition to hydrates, the mounds contain large amounts of calcium carbonate and various other minerals precipitated by microbes that extract energy from hydrocarbon fluids.
Reduction of postherpetic neuralgia in herpes zoster.

Antecedents: Les personnes de 50 ans et plus ont non seulement un risque accru de contracter le zona, mais elles sont aussi plus susceptibles de developper la morbidite a long terme que constitue l'algie postzosterienne. L'algie postzosterienne est la douleur qui persiste une fois que l'eruption du zona a disparu. Elle frappe au moins 40% des patients atteints de zona et plus de 75% de ceux âges de plus de 75 ans, ce qui en fait l'affection neurologique la plus frequente chez les personnes âgees. Objectif: evaluer les interventions therapeutiques pouvant attenuer ou meme supprimer l'algie postzosterienne. Il n'y a pas un seul traitement qui a ete efficace de facon constante dans ce cas. Il semble que la meilleure facon d'aborder le traitement soit l'administration d'un antiviral des le debut de la maladie. Les etudes en cours sur le zona visent a mettre au point des traitements preventifs utilisant le vaccin antivaricelleux pour reduire davantage les symptomes de l'algie postzosterienne ou les supprimer. Conclusion: La meilleure maniere d'attenuer les symptomes de l'algie postzosterienne, c'est d'administrer des antiviraux des les premieres manifestations du zona; les autres classes de medicament sont tres peu efficaces darts le traitement de l'algie postzosterienne qui s'est installee. L'utilisation generalisee du vaccin antivaricelleux peut aider a reduire davantage l'algie postzosterienne dans un avenir eloigne.
Clinical and health economic outcomes of alternative HER2 test strategies for guiding adjuvant trastuzumab therapy.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and cost–effectiveness of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing strategies to guide adjuvant trastuzumab (AT) therapy in women with HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: A literature review produced 72 studies comparing HER2 test methods, and we computed concordance (assuming fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] as a reference assay) to assess performance relative to American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines. An economic analysis provided cost–effectiveness of alternative strategies, including a Monte Carlo simulation to vary key assumptions such as test price and performance. Results: Of 46 studies comparing immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH, only seven met the ASCO/CAP guideline of 95% or better concordance. A total of 14 out of 21 studies comparing chromogenic in situ hybridization and three out of five studies comparing silver-enhanced in situ hybridization met the guideline. Confirmation...
In Defense of Different Numbers

Learning disabilities prevalence rates are alarmingly high and much of the variability in them is due to the fitful manner in which professionals in the states are permitted to implement operational definitions of the category. Recently, arguments that these practices resulted in prevalence rates for the learning disabilities category that were no more variable than those of other high incidence were posited. In this re-analysis of extant data, we found that the conclusions one makes about variance in prevalence are a function of the methods one uses to examine the differences among the prevalence rates. We continue to believe that special education definitions are easier said than done and that the effect that specific discrepancy criteria for learning disabilities have on numbers of students identified is the critical issue professionals in the field consistently ignore.
Tet Protein Hybrids

In their recent letter to the editor (1), Drs. Stanton, Humphrey, Scott, and Flint raised an important point in regard to naming tetracycline resistance determinants in view of the discovery of naturally occurring interclass hybrid proteins. In addition to the current definition of a new gene, i.e., less than 80% amino acid identity to another known tetracycline resistance determinant, we endorse their suggested nomenclature for hybrid determinants and proteins, e.g., Tet O/W (hybrid of Tet O and Tet W) and Tet W/O/W (hybrid of Tet O and Tet W, which has partial Tet O sequence between Tet W ends). The finding of hybrid Tet proteins makes it important, therefore, to sequence entire tet genes to identify such hybrids. The question arises as to how many amino acids corresponding to a second class will define a hybrid. Looking at their data, we suggest that 50 amino acid residues in a single stretch could be appropriate.
Positive Speech Accommodation in the Language of Mexican American Bilinguals: Are Women Really More Sensitive?:

Recent work on women's use of language has presented two conflicting views: (a) that women use speech patterns that are unique and exclusive to them, and (b) that women's use of language varies (as it does for males) according to the situation, context, and interlocutors involved. This paper explores positive speech accommodation (the attempt to adopt the speech patterns of an interlocutor) in code-switching styles by Mexican American males and females in response to the speech of three male speakers. According to the first view of language presented above, women would be more likely to accommodate to the speech of male speakers. The principal hypothesis of this paper is that, given a situation where no rewards are expected and no gain is to be found by exhibiting convergent behavior, there will be no difference in speech accommodation by male and female Mexican American bilinguals. Data presented support the second of the two positions presented above.
Parent reasons for nonreturn to a pediatric weight management program

To identify parent reasons for lack of return to a weight management program, a questionnaire was sent to 85 families who attended two or fewer visits; 43 families completed the questionnaire. A total of 37% reported that the program was not what they were looking for. Specifically, they were dissatisfied with the staff or treatment focus. Other reasons for nonreturn were distance to program (23%), scheduling conflicts (21%), and lack of insurance for weight management (21%). High body mass index z score was associated with return, but age, gender, race, and medical condition were not. Matching program structure, location, and time to parent preference might improve retention.
Emphysematous gastritis in A leukemic child

Emphysematous gastritis associated with gram-negative sepsis is described in a leukemic child on chemotherapy and steroids. Bubbly-appearing air and thickening of the gastric wall were radiographically demonstrated. This is analogous to the demonstration of air within the thickened bowel wall in necrotizing enterocolitis, which is not unusual in seriously ill leukemic children. Gastric involvement has not been previously reported.
Fluorescent and photoconductive properties of anthradithiophene and pentacene derivatives

We present optical, fluorescent and photoconductive properties of high-performance anthradithiophene and functionalized pentacene derivatives. Fluorescence emission with lifetimes around or longer than ~10 ns is observed at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, depending on the molecule.
Once Again Never Again

Thomas G. Weiss argues that the "Responsibility to Protect" Report is a "culmination of a long effort to inscribe the pledge of 'never again' in law and practice". Striking a positive note, and advocating more outright adoption of the Report’s principles, Weiss concedes that there is a long road ahead, citing Zimbabwe as an example of a setting where exterior pressure is desperately needed to prevent atrocities.
Experiment on the geometry of the fine-structure regions in fully turbulent fluid

An attempt has been made to identify the geometric character of the random fine-structure regions dispersed in fully turbulent fluid. The technique was measure-ment of two-position coincidence functions for the presence of velocity fine-structure. In this primitive approach, we tried to distinguish among only three possible categories for the random shapes: (a) ‘blobs’, (b) ‘rods’ and (c) 'slabs’, depending on whether three mean orthogonal dimensions of the domains were such that (a) all were of the same order, (b) one was an order larger than the other two, or (c) one was an order smaller than the other two.Highly idealized paradigms for these three categories were studied analytically: the two-position coincidence functions were computed for the cases of (a) spheres, (b) circular cylinders and (c) plane slabs, each field containing randomly sized elements distributed randomly in space with a homogeneous and isotropic distribution. Comparison of the measured coincidence functions with these three paradigms suggests that the fine-structure regions are more nearly of ‘rod-like’ geometry than like either of the other two. No attempt was made to distinguish shapes which might be called 'strips’.
Stability of Vancomycin in Icodextrin Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

Background:Icodextrin is a glucose polymer used as an alternative osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. There are few data regarding the long-term stability of vancomycin in icodextrin PD solution.Objective:To determine the chemical stability of vancomycin in icodextrin PD solution in polyvinyl chloride containers over a 7 day period at 4, 24, and 37 °C.Methods:Study samples were prepared by adding 2000 mg vancomycin HCl to commercially available 2.0 L bags of icodextrin 7.5% PD solution. Nine bags were prepared and stored in the following conditions: 3 under refrigeration (5 °C), 3 at room temperature (24 °C), and 3 at body temperature (37 °C). Samples were withdrawn from each bag immediately after preparation and at predetermined intervals over the subsequent 7 days. Solutions were visually inspected for precipitation, cloudiness, or discoloration at each sampling interval. Total concentration of vancomycin in dialysate fluid was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result...
Schools and labor market outcomes

Abstract This paper reports on an econometric analysis of the relationship between individual school characteristics and the earnings of students who enter the labor force directly from high school, using High School and Beyond data. We conclude that which high school a student goes to makes a difference in annual earnings, but that most of the specific characteristics that account for the differences are not c identifiable. One category of characteristics, school-to-work interventions, however, are predictors: transmitting labor makret information to students, and substantial work-for-pay experience by students while in high school translate into higher earnings. Students who have a large number of work hours have lower grade-point averages, and higher grade-point averages translate into higher earnings. But, for those who do not go on to higher education, the positive direct effect of work experience on future earnings is larger than the negative indirect effect via grade-point average.
The predictability of data values

The predictability of data values is studied at a fundamental level. Two basic predictor models are defined: Computational predictors perform an operation on previous values to yield predicted next values. Examples we study are stride value prediction (which adds a delta to a previous value) and last value prediction (which performs the trivial identity operation on the previous value); Context Based} predictors match recent value history (context) with previous value history and predict values based entirely on previously observed patterns. To understand the potential of value prediction we perform simulations with unbounded prediction tables that are immediately updated using correct data values. Simulations of integer SPEC95 benchmarks show that data values can be highly predictable. Best performance is obtained with context based predictors; overall prediction accuracies are between 56% and 91%. The context based predictor typically has an accuracy about 20% better than the computational predictors (last value and stride). Comparison of context based prediction and stride prediction shows that the higher accuracy of context based prediction is due to relatively few static instructions giving large improvements; this suggests the usefulness of hybrid predictors. Among different instruction types, predictability varies significantly. In general, load and shift instructions are more difficult to predict correctly, whereas add instructions are more predictable.
A Selective Sweep across Species Boundaries in Drosophila

Adaptive mutations that accumulate during species divergence are likely to contribute to reproductive incompatibilities and hinder gene flow; however, there may also be a class of mutations that are generally advantageous and can spread across species boundaries. In this study, we characterize a 15 kb region on chromosome 3R that has introgressed from the cosmopolitan generalist species Drosophila simulans into the island endemic D. sechellia, which is an ecological specialist. The introgressed haplotype is fixed in D. sechellia over almost the entirety of the resequenced region, whereas a core region of the introgressed haplotype occurs at high frequency in D. simulans. The observed patterns of nucleotide variation and linkage disequilibrium are consistent with a recently completed selective sweep in D. sechellia and an incomplete sweep in D. simulans. Independent estimates of both the time to the introgression and sweep events are all close to 10,000 years before the present. Interestingly, the most likely target of selection is a highly occupied transcription factor binding region. This work confirms that it is possible for mutations to be globally advantageous, despite their occurrence in divergent genomic and ecological backgrounds.
Stimulation of Slow Skeletal Muscle Fiber Gene Expression by Calcineurin in Vivo

Adult skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into fast and slow twitch subtypes based on specialized contractile and metabolic properties and on distinctive patterns of muscle gene expression. Muscle fiber-type characteristics are dependent on the frequency of motor nerve stimulation and are thought to be controlled by calcium-dependent signaling. The calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, stimulates slow fiber-specific gene promoters in cultured skeletal muscle cells, and the calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporin A, inhibits slow fiber gene expression in vivo, suggesting a key role of calcineurin in activation of the slow muscle fiber phenotype. Calcineurin has also been shown to induce hypertrophy of cardiac muscle and to mediate the hypertrophic effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on skeletal myocytes in vitro. To determine whether activated calcineurin was sufficient to induce slow fiber gene expression and hypertrophy in adult skeletal muscle in vivo, we created transgenic mice that expressed activated calcineurin under control of the muscle creatine kinase enhancer. These mice exhibited an increase in slow muscle fibers, but no evidence for skeletal muscle hypertrophy. These results demonstrate that calcineurin activation is sufficient to induce the slow fiber gene regulatory program in vivo and suggest that additional signals are required for skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Recommendations for using computer‐assisted career guidance systems (CACGS) in career counseling practice

Electronically mediated vocational assessment and guidance tools have become prominent in modern career counseling, leaving many career development professionals with questions about the nature of the computerized tools available and how to effectively apply these technologies in practice. In this article, the authors describe the general characteristics of computer-assisted career guidance systems (CACGS), review evidence of their effectiveness as compared to other career intervention modalities, briefly introduce a number of empirically supported systems, and provide practitioners with guidelines for appraising CACGS and using them successfully with clients. Recommendations address evaluation and selection of CACGS, development of appropriate strategies for incorporation of CACGS into counseling services, and matters of client education and ethical practice.
Real time power system simulation using RTDS and NI PXI

Real time simulation is becoming an essential simulation environment for engineering design, especially in power systems. This paper discusses two real time simulators applied to power system simulation: real time digital simulator (RTDS) and National Instruments-PXI (PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation). RTDS is an efficient tool for the design, development, and testing of power system and its components. NI-PXI is a high-performance and low-cost PC-based platform, used for simulating wide variety of systems. Virtual testing of power systems on the NI-PXI and its potential power system simulating capabilities has been discussed here. The performances of both the simulators are studied and compared by running an eight-bus power system under different fault conditions in real time. A Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL)-351S directional over-current relay is used to test these power system simulators. The SEL reports obtained by simulating the power system on these simulators are compared as a part of verification process.
Mechanical Design Automation in IBM Poughkeepsie

The IBM Poughkeepsie mechanical design system reduces the cost and time to design and release mechanical parts during the product development cycle. The system uses an interactive graphics design program, CADAM (FOOTNOTE: CADAM is a registered trademark of Lockheed Corporation.), and integrates complementary applications driven from the common mechanical design data base. The applications include: 1. Synchronization of the graphics data base with the bill of material data base. 2. Automated power cabling design and checking. 3. Release of mechanical designs using a computer network.
Unstable spiral waves in a 2D numerical model of rat myocardium

Fibers and sheets of rat myocardium were simulated to determine the stability of a propagating action potential model. A convergence analysis was performed using a 1D fiber model. In 2D simulations, spiral wave reentry was observed before spontaneous breakup of the unstable wave.
Assessing availability impact caused by switchover in database failover

This paper assesses the availability impact caused by switchover time during database failover. This analysis is essential when switchover time is non-negligible and a stringent availability requirement is applied. How to assess the impact effectively for complex systems through independence assumptions and a hierarchical decomposition modeling approach will be addressed.
Moving beyond formulas and fixations: solving open-ended engineering problems

Open-ended problem solving is a central skill in engineering practice; consequently, it is imperative for engineering students to develop expertise in solving these types of problems. The complexity of open-ended problems requires a unique set of skills. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the approaches used by engineering students when solving an open-ended engineering problem. A think-aloud method was used to collect data about the problem-solving approaches of eight materials engineering students. Through the use of script analysis three approaches to solving the problem were identified, which were consistent with the Reflective Judgment Model of epistemic development. Students who used a linear, systematic approach were most successful at solving the problem. Less successful students were overwhelmed by its open-endedness and/or became fixated on a single aspect of the problem. These results point to a need to develop open-ended problem-solving skills throughout the engineering c...
Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis

methods We randomly assigned patients with transient ischemic attack or stroke caused by angiographically verified 50 to 99 percent stenosis of a major intracranial artery to receive warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) or aspirin (1300 mg per day) in a double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. The primary end point was ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, or death from vascular causes other than stroke. results After 569 patients had undergone randomization, enrollment was stopped because of concerns about the safety of the patients who had been assigned to receive warfarin. During a mean follow-up period of 1.8 years, adverse events in the two groups included death (4.3 percent in the aspirin group vs. 9.7 percent in the warfarin group; hazard ratio for aspirin relative to warfarin, 0.46; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.90; P=0.02), major hemorrhage (3.2 percent vs. 8.3 percent, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.39; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.84; P=0.01), and myocardial infarction or sudden death (2.9 percent vs. 7.3 percent, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.40; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.91; P=0.02). The rate of death from vascular causes was 3.2 percent in the aspirin group and 5.9 percent in the warfarin group (P=0.16); the rate of death from nonvascular causes was 1.1 percent and 3.8 percent, respectively (P=0.05). The primary end point occurred in 22.1 percent of the patients in the aspirin group and 21.8 percent of those in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.73 to 1.48; P=0.83). conclusions Warfarin was associated with significantly higher rates of adverse events and provided no benefit over aspirin in this trial. Aspirin should be used in preference to warfarin for patients with intracranial arterial stenosis.
Fluid-dynamic perturbations in gas lasers

The magnitudes of the laser pulse induced perturbations in the cavity gas are quantified as a function of system parameters. The conditions for which linear acoustic theory, non-linear acoustic theory, and shock gasdynamic theory represent accurate descriptions of these thermally driven acoustic phenomena are delineated. For gas flowing through a laser cavity, expressions are presented which relate instantaneous perturbations of local velocity to those of density. These cover both acoustical disturbances and hydrodynamic events such as turbulence. The non-flow limit is also examined.
Oral Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Relevance to Oral Cancer Risk Factors, Premalignant Lesions, and Treatment

Cancer stem cells are recognized as the most critical cancer cells. They are responsible for cancer progression, the development of metastasis, and treatment failures. There are a number of well-studied surface proteins and enzymatic processes that can be used to isolate cancer stem cells from the bulk of the other cancer cells. The role of cancer stems cells in premalignant lesions of the oral cancer is poorly understood but slowly evolving. Novel therapies are being developed to more effectively eradicate cancer stem cells and improve patient outcomes. Efforts to improve our understanding of this important subpopulation of cancer cells is vital in directing further studies to advance our ability to prevent patients from developing oral cancer and to providing more effective treatment for those that do.
A good story: Men's storytelling ability affects their attractiveness and perceived status

Three studies examined gender differences in the effect of storytelling ability on perceptions of a person's attractiveness as a short-term and long-term romantic partner. In Study 1, information about a potential partner's storytelling ability was provided. Study 2 participants read a good or poor story supposedly written by a potential partner. Results suggested that only women's attractiveness assessments of men as a long-term date increased for good storytellers. Storytelling ability did not affect men's ratings of women nor did it affect ratings of short-term partners. Study 3 suggested that the effect of storytelling ability on long-term attractiveness for male targets may be mediated by perceived status. Storytelling ability appears to increase perceived status and thus helps men attract long-term partners.
An Eye for an I: Identity and Nation in the Films of John Schlesinger

Abstract:In a consideration of four films made by John Schlesinger (Yanks, The Falcon and the Snowman, An Englishman Abroad, and A Question of Attribution) in the cultural and political context of the Reagan–Thatcher years, the essay argues that the films reflect the psychological change that accompanies the disintegration of democratic institutions.
Three Dimensional SRG Evolution of the NN Interactions Using Picard Iteration

The Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) evolution of nucleon-nucleon (NN ) interactions is calculated directly as function of momentum vectors for realistic potentials. To overcome the stiffness of the SRG flow equations in differential form for far off diagonal matrix elements, the differential equation is transformed to an integral form without employing a partial wave decomposition.
Antigenicity of chondroitin sulfate.

SummaryChondroitin sulfate extracted from human costal cartilage was prepared in 3 different ways for inoculation into rabbits, (1) a 1% solution, (2) a 1% solution incubated with heat-killed, group A, type 3, hemolytic streptococcus, and (3) a 1% solution incubated with heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. These 3 preparations were injected into rabbits in an attempt to elicit antibody production. There was no evidence of the formation of precipitating antibodies against chondroitin sulfate in any of the rabbits'sera nor was there any clear indication of the acquisition of skin sensitivity by any of the rabbits.
Health care system vulnerabilities: Understanding the root causes of patient harm

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are any injuries resulting from the use of a drug and can be broken down into two categories: adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication errors. ADRs are any undesirable experiences associated with the use of a medicine in a patient, whereas medication errors are defined
Effect of galectin-1 on proliferation and cell cycle of astrocyte cultured in serum-free and low-oxygen condition

Aim:To investigate the effects of galectin-1(Gal-1)on the proliferation and cell cycle of astrocyte in serum-free and low-oxygen culture.Methods:Rat astrocyte was incubated by serum-free culture media combined with 10,1,0.1 mg/L Gal-1,respectively.Then,astrocytes were incubated with BrdU for 1 day to detect the proliferation,and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with the astrocytes cultured without Gal-1,the proporation of BrdU(+)astrocytes cultured with 10,1,0.1 mg/L Gal-1 for 1 day were lower(P0.05),that of astrocytes cultured with 10 mg/L Gal-1 for 3 days was still lower(P0.05).Cell cycle of astrocyte cultured with 10 and 1 mg/L Gal-1 for 1 day was arrested with the decrease of S-phase cells.Conclusion:Galectin-1 can reduce the proliferation of astrocyte and arrest its cell cycle progress,which may be useful to reduce the formation of astroglia scar appearing after brain ischemia.
Selective Enhancement of Randomness at the Materials Level: Poly-Si Based Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) were introduced over a decade ago for a variety of security applications. Silicon PUFs exploit uncontrollable random variations from manufacturing to generate unique and random signatures/responses. Existing research on PUFs has focused on either PUF design at the architectural level or optimization of lithography to increase sensitivity to random process variations. However, such sources of randomness may become limited during standard CMOS manufacturing as processes continue to mature especially with the advances in design for manufacturability. In this paper, poly-Si is proposed to improve PUF quality at the materials level. Compared to conventional single crystal Si (sc-Si), defects and trapped charges resulting from the random distribution of crystal grains and grain boundaries (GBs) in poly-Si offer considerable random variations. By using poly-Si only in the PUF region in devices, the randomness of the PUF can be enhanced without impacting other functional circuits and thus the IC yield can be maintained. RO-PUF simulation results based on a poly-Si field effect transistor (FET) model show that compared to sc-Si based PUFs, the reliability of poly-Si based PUFS can be improved from 89.18% to 98.82%.
Closure of coronary artery fistula in childhood: treatment techniques and long-term follow-up

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare congenital anomalous connection between the coronary arteries (CA) and a cardiac chamber or great vessel. Treatment options of symptomatic CAF consist of transcatheter or surgical closure. Retrospective analysis of all patients with CAF diagnosed between 1993 and 2014 concerning treatment approaches and follow-up after closure. In a cohort of more than 25000 patients, 194 (<0.01 %) were diagnosed to have CAF. Median age at diagnosis was 6 months (0 day–18 years). Treatment was indicated in ten patients (5.2 %). Six patients (60 %) were treated by catheter interventional approach using Coils (three patients), Amplatzer Vascular Plugs (two patients) and Amplatzer Duct Occluder (one patient). One of these patients showed a significant residual shunt through the fistula 5 days after interventional closure, necessitating surgical removal of the device and closure of CAF. At a median follow-up of 7 (range 2–12) years, the remaining five patients showed successfully closed CAF without causing thrombosis of the CA. Control angiography in three patients showed persistent dilated CA. Surgical closure of CAF was performed in four (40 %) patients; in two as an isolated procedure and in the remaining two as a part of another congenital cardiac corrective procedure. CAF in paediatric cardiology patients is a very rare finding. Intervention in childhood is rarely needed; nevertheless, it is known that small fistulas may become relevant in adulthood. Transcatheter closure techniques are effective and are considered the treatment of choice, especially in isolated CAF.
Sulfite Compounds as Neutralizers of Spice Toxicity for Salmonella

The ability of five inorganic chemical salts (K2SO3, K2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2SO4, and CaCO3) to neutralize the toxicity of six spices (allspice, cinnamon, clove, garlic powder, onion powder, and oregano) for Salmonella was evaluated. Their effect on four spices non-toxic to Salmonella (black pepper, white pepper, rosemary, and thyme) was also determined. The inhibitory effects of onion and garlic powders were overcome by addition of 0.5% of K2SO3 or Na2SO3 to pre-enrichments of lactose broth, nutrient broth, or trypticase soy broth. Allspice, cinnamon, clove, and oregano remained toxic to Salmonella in all pre-enrichment broths tested, with or without chemical additives. None of the chemical additives had any effect upon isolation of Salmonella from the non-toxic spices. Until a more practical method for analysis of allspice, cinnamon, clove, and oregano is developed, dilution of these spices to non-toxic levels is recommended.
Resisting the “Natural”: Rhetorical Delivery and the Natural User Interface

The author critiques the emerging paradigm in the field of human–computer interaction known as the natural user interface (NUI), typically exemplified by gestural interfaces, haptic feedback systems, touch-sensitive displays, wearable hardware, and the like. Recent rhetorical theories about the canon of delivery, theories that consider the intersection of the body and technology in the act of communication, offer a lens through which we can read and interrogate the NUI, as well as the emergent genres of digital communication born of them. Left unexamined, the NUI paradigm potentially affords unequal degrees of access to users based on differences in class, gender, culture, race or ethnicity, ability, and other factors.
Showcasing Clinical Development and Production of Cellular Therapies

As interest and investment in cell- and tissue-based therapies has recently exploded, we believe that the science and medicine of the field are converging and, together, will yield a new “golden age” of therapy. It is important to note that current cell- and tissue-based therapies are in a variety of stages of development and are based on a diverse setting of cell or tissue types. The Molecular Therapy sibling journal Molecular Therapy – Methods & Clinical Development has recently devoted a special issue to work on production and manufacturing of cell types in all stages of differentiation (http://www.cell.com/molecular-therapy-family/methods/collections/development-cell-therapies).
A Programming Language for a Very Large Array

This chapter describes PascalPL0, a programming language for the computer language for information processing (CLIP) parallel arrays. PascalPL0 is close in spirit to CLIP assembly language and is closely tailored to a converging pyramid approach to pattern recognition and scene description to be successful as a general higher-level language. However, it is a significant step above CLIP assembly language and it tangibly eases the programmer's burden. This language was motivated by an approach to scene analysis that is highly parallel and can take advantage of the potential great increases in speed offered by a parallel computer, such as CLIP. PascalPL0 was designed to expedite programs that take this approach, especially in its major compounding and implication statements. But it is a general purpose language for a general-purpose computer, therefore, any kind of scene analysis or pattern recognition program could be coded in it.
Prescription opioid use among adults with mental health disorders in the United States

Background: The extent to which adults with mental health disorders in the United States receive opioids has not been adequately reported. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized U.S. adult population from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We examined the relationship between mental health (mood and anxiety) disorders and prescription opioid use (defined as receiving at least 2 prescriptions in a calendar year). Results: We estimate that among the 38.6 million Americans with mental health disorders, 18.7% (7.2 million of 38.6 million) use prescription opioids. Adults with mental health conditions receive 51.4% (60 million of 115 million prescriptions) of the total opioid prescriptions distributed in the United States each year. Compared with adults without mental health disorders, adults with mental health disorders were significantly more likely to use opioids (18.7% vs 5.0%; P Conclusions: The 16% of Americans who have mental health disorders receive over half of all opioids prescribed in the United States. Improving pain management among this population is critical to reduce national dependency on opioids.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma associated with IgM paraprotein

We studied the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic features of 26 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) associated with serum IgM paraprotein. The study group (16 men; 10 women; median age, 64 years; range, 40-82 years) represents approximately 2.5% of CLL/SLL cases at our institution. The paraprotein level ranged from 1 to 14 g/L (median, 4 g/L). Neoplasms in bone marrow were composed of small round lymphocytes arranged in nodular (n = 6), diffuse (n = 5), interstitial (n = 5), or mixed (n = 10) patterns. All cases were positive for monotypic surface immunoglobulin light chain, IgM/IgD, CD5, CD19, CD20, and CD23. CD11c (14/20 [70%]), CD79b (11/19 [58%]), FMC-7 (11/26 [42%]), CD22 (8/20 [40%]), and ZAP-70 (6/19 [32%]) were expressed in subsets of cases. Of 17 bone marrow specimens assessed by conventional cytogenetics, 6 were abnormal and 11 were diploid. The overall survival of this group (median follow-up, 24 months) was not significantly different from that for an age-, sex-and stage-matched group of 52 CLL/SLL patients without IgM paraprotein (P = .60). We conclude that CLL/SLL cases with serum IgM paraprotein are similar to other CLL/SLL cases in their clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features.