cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Determination from Microwave and Infrared Radiometry

Starting in 1978, the present generation of satellite-borne microwave and infrared radiometers are beginning to demonstrate sea surface temperature (SST) estimation accuracies of 0.5–1.0 C, sufficient to map on a global scale the large-scale SST field and its anomaly with respect to climatological norm. In addition, these sensors provide data on the wind at the sea surface, vertically integrated water vapor and liquid water, rain rate, and atmospheric aerosols, all of which are quite important for climate research. In some cases and for certain satellite instruments, evidence is accumulating which suggests that the 0.5°C rms disagreement between ship or buoy data, and that derived from satellite, may actually be an upper bound on satellite accuracy. This is a result of imperfect space-time co-location, as well as true differences between the ‘skin’ temperature measured by radiometry, and the bulk thermometric temperature usually obtained from ships and buoys. Thus the possibility begins to emerge for determining from space the skin temperature relative to bulk thermometric temperature, at points where the latter is determined, for example, from simple drifting buoys. If this difference can be determined to a few tenths of a degree Celcius, it can be related to the heat and momentum fluxes across the air-sea interface. Since momentum flux can be separately determined by active and passive microwave techniques, it may thus prove possible to determine heat flux (long-wave radiative, plus latent and sensible components) to useful accuracy. This, combined with geostationary satellite methods for measuring the short wave radiation reaching the surface, could provide the means for determining the total heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, globally and over long periods of time, on a practical, cost-effective basis, with significant implications for climate studies.
L p -spectral estimation with an L ∞ -upper bound

Given the constraint 0≤f≤B, whereB is in the interior of the positive cone ofL∞, and given a finite number of correlations off, we wish to estimatef. Since only a finite number of correlations are given, this does not uniquely determinef. We estimatef by picking the unique function Φ0 satisfying the constraints and minimizing theLp-norm with 1<p<∞. Under suitable conditions, the form of the solution is shown to be $$\Phi _0 (f) = \min \{ B(x), \max \{ 0,P(x)\} ^{1/(p - 1)} \} ,$$ whereP is a linear combination of the correlation functions.
The Mechanism of the Gram Reaction. II. The Function of Iodine in the Gram Stain

Fifty-five reagents were studied as to their ability to replace iodine in the Gram stain. None gave results as good as iodine. Eight gave usable Gram preparations, and forty-seven gave negative results. Omission of the counterstain resulted in increasing to thirty-three the number of reagents giving differentiation, but this, was not considered a true Gram differentiation. Many oxidizing agents were shown not to be substitutes for iodine; therefore the function of iodine must be more than to serve as an oxidizing agent. Many reagents which formed precipitates with the dye could not replace iodine; therefore factors other than precipitate formation must be involved. However, all agents which were good substitutes for iodine were both good oxidizing and dye precipitating agents. Experiments involving the study of cell membrane permeability showed that Gram-positive cells were less permeable to iodine in alcoholic solution than Gram-negative cells. This difference could not be demonstrated for iodine in aque...
Cohort resonance: a significant component of fluctuations in recruitment, egg production, and catch of fished populations

Louis W. Botsford1*, Matthew D. Holland1, John C. Field2, and Alan Hastings3 Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA NOAA Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecology Division, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA *Corresponding author: tel: +1 530 752 1270; fax: +1 530 752 4154; e-mail: lwbotsford@ucdavis.edu
Complicated anorectal sepsis

These complex anorectal conditions are difficult to diagnose because clinical features overlap. In general, an aggressive approach is reserved for hidradenitis suppurativa and necrotizing infections. Patients with Crohn's disease, hematologic disorders, or AIDS are often treated more conservatively, but the correct timing and degree of aggressiveness of surgical intervention may considerably improve the overall outcome. The increasing incidence of AIDS and the frequency with which infected patients present to surgical clinics make it imperative that all surgeons have a working knowledge of the conditions associated with this syndrome. Expertise is required not only to diagnose and treat these conditions but also to protect oneself and others from being inadvertently infected with the HIV. A high index of suspicion and constant vigilance permit the successful resolution of many of these challenging problems.
Multidimensional treatment foster care: an alternative to residential treatment for high risk children and adolescents

This paper describes the Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care program (MTFC), an evidence based approach for providing psychotherapeutic treatment for very troubled children and adolescents that is an alternative to residential care. Versions of the MTFC program have been developed and validated for young children with a history of maltreatment as well as for older children and adolescents who are involved with the youth justice system. In the paper we describe the development of the MTFC program and its foundations in the social learning model that originated at the Oregon Social Learning Center in the 1960's and 70's. We present information about program elements. We then review the research that has been conducted on MTFC.
Production of Routines in L2 English: Effect of Proficiency and Study-Abroad Experience.

Abstract This preliminary study examined the effect of proficiency and study abroad experience on L2 learners' ability to produce routines. Participants were 64 Japanese students in an English-medium university in Japan. They were divided into three groups: Group 1 had lower proficiency with no study abroad experience, Group 2 had higher proficiency but no study abroad experience, and Group 3 had higher proficiency with study abroad experience. They completed an oral discourse completion test involving four situations that elicited routines. Participants' performance was evaluated based on three aspects: appropriateness (rated by native speakers), planning time, and speech rate. Results revealed a significant effect of proficiency combined with study abroad experience on all three aspects.
Endocytosis of β1 integrins is an early event in migration promoted by the cell adhesion molecule L1

Abstract Directional cell motility is a complex process requiring orchestration of signals from diverse cell adhesion receptors for proper organization of neuronal groups in the brain. The L1 cell adhesion molecule potentiates integrin-dependent migration of neuronal cells and stimulates integrin endocytosis but its mechanism of action is unclear. The hypothesis was investigated that L1 stimulates cell motility by modulating surface levels of integrins through intracellular trafficking using a model cell system. Antibody-induced clustering of L1, which mimics ligand binding, induced formation of cell surface complexes of L1 and β1 integrins in L1-expressing HEK293 cells. L1 formed cell surface complexes with integrin β1 and α3 subunits but not with integrin α1. Following cell surface clustering, β1 integrins and L1 became rapidly internalized into Rab5+ early endosomes. Internalization of L1 and β1 integrins was prevented by treatment with monodansyl cadaverine (MDC), an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and by deletion of the AP2/clathrin binding motif (RSLE) from the L1 cytoplasmic domain. MDC treatment coordinately inhibited L1-potentiated haptotactic migration of HEK293 cells to fibronectin in Transwell assays. These results suggested that downregulation of adhesive complexes of L1 and β1 integrin at the plasma membrane by clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a potential mechanism for enhancing cell motility.
A passive, wireless strain sensor using a microfabricated magnetoelastic beam element

This paper describes a resonant wireless strain sensor fabricated from a magnetoelastic alloy. The sensor consists of a doubly-clamped suspended structure comprised of a resonant strip and a strain attenuating spring. Strain causes a shift in magnetoelastic resonant frequency in the longitudinal mode of the sensor, which is detected wirelessly using pick-up coils. The sensor is fabricated from a 28 μm thick foil of Metglas™ 2826MB (Fe40Ni38Mo4B18), a ferromagnetic magnetoelastic alloy, using micro-electrodischarge machining (μEDM). The sensor has an active area of 7×2 mm2 and operates at a resonance frequency of 227.4 kHz. It has a sensitivity of 4300 ppm/mstrain; the dynamic range is 0.2-2.8 mstrain. The sensor geometry can be modified to accommodate differing sensitivity and dynamic range requirements.
Prediction of Dynamic Modulus and Phase Angle of Stone-Based Composites Using a Micromechanical Finite-Element Approach

This paper presents a micromechanical finite-element (FE) model for predicting the viscoelastic properties (dynamic modulus and phase angle) of asphalt mixtures, typical stone-based composites. The two-dimensional (2D) microstructure of asphalt mixtures was captured by optically scanning the surface image of sectioned specimens. FE mesh of image samples was generated within each aggregate and asphalt mastic. Along the aggregate boundary, the FEs share the nodes to connect the deformation. The micromechanical FE model was accomplished by incorporating specimen microstructure and ingredient properties (viscoelastic asphalt mastic and elastic aggregates). The generalized Maxwell model was applied for viscoelastic asphalt mastic with calibrated parameters from nonlinear regression analysis of the mastic test data on dynamic modulus and phase angle. The displacement-based FE simulations were conducted on the numerical samples under sinusoidal cyclic loading. The predicted dynamic modulus and phase angle were c...
Occupancy estimation using ultrasonic chirps

Estimating the number of people within a room is important for a wide variety of applications including: HVAC load management, scheduling room allocations and guiding first responders to areas with trapped people. In this paper, we present an active sensing technique that uses changes in a room's acoustic properties to estimate the number of occupants. Frequency dependent models of reverberation and room capacity are often used when designing auditoriums and concert halls. We leverage this property by using measured changes in the ultrasonic spectrum reflected back from a wide-band transmitter to estimate occupancy. A centrally located beacon transmits an ultrasonic chirp and then records how the signal dissipates over time. By analyzing the frequency response over the chirp's bandwidth at a few known occupancy levels, we are able to extrapolate the response as the number of people in the room changes. We explore the design of an excitation signal that best senses the environment with the fewest number of training samples. Through experimentation, we show that our approach is able to capture the number of people in a wide-variety of room configurations with people counting accuracy below 10% of the maximum room capacity count with as few as two training points. Finally, we provide a simple mechanism that allows our system to recalibrate when we know the room is empty so that it can adapt dynamically over time.
Study on the effect of ethanol on physiological levels of choline in an isolated perfused liver system

Abstract This study has demonstrated that the isolated perfused liver continually takes up choline from the perfusate even at the physiological level of plasma choline and that circulating ethanol did not alter this rate of choline uptake. This work indicates that the liver may not autoregulate levels of plasma choline in the organism.
A simple method for the preparation of pure 9-d-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid and methyl linoleate based on the positional specificity of lipoxygenase in tomato fruit

Incubation of linoleic acid with crude homogenate of tomato fruit gave a high yield (69%) of linoleic acid hydroperoxides with a ratio of 9- to 13-hydroperoxide isomers of 96∶4. After chromatography of the products, as free acids or methyl esters, hydroperoxides with 9- to 13-isomeric ratios of >99∶1 were obtained. The major product was characterized as 9-d-hydroperoxy-octadeca-trans-10,cis-12-dienoic acid. The results demonstrate the positional specificity of lipoxygenase from tomato fruit.
Tribological properties, stoichiometry and surface roughness of Si—DLC IBAD coatings

Abstract Hard, low-friction silicon-containing diamond-like carbon coatings (Si—DLC), were formed by Ar + ion beam assisted deposition (BAD) on 5″ diameter silicon wafers. The Si—DLC precursor, tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-trisiloxane [(C 6 H 5 ) 4 (CH 3 ) 4 Si 3 O 2 ] was evaporated through seven, 3 mm diameter, closely packed apertures (multi-aperture container) arranged in a hexagonal pattern to initially study deposition of larger areas. Depending on deposition conditions, the maximum Knoop microhardness and the minimum sliding friction coefficient of these coatings were 20 000 MPa and 0.04, respectively. These values are consistent with our previously reported single nozzle results [1]. The standard deviation of the Knoop microhardness varied from 14 to 30% over the area of the 0.127 m (5″) substrate which was a significant improvement over our single nozzle oil container. The friction coefficient and stoichiometry of each coating was constant voer the substrate area. The initial use of multi-apertures for coating larger area substrates resulting in the minimization of the coating tribological property, and roughness variation will be discussed.
Additional conclusions on diazepam injectable precipitate: GC-MS confirmation.

(1979). Additional Conclusions on Diazepam Injectable Precipitate: GC-MS Confirmation. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 439-444.
Noise from turbomachinery.

This paper reviews turbomachinery noise from turbofan engines as typified by fan noise. The mechanisms and theories of fan noise are reviewed and concepts for its reduction, including acoustic suppresion are discussed. Correlations of the overall noise data from several full-scale fans tested at NASA-Lewis Research Center are presented as indicative of the current state-of-the-art. Estimates are presented to show economics versus reduced noise for two quieted experimental engines, one with subsonic and one with supersonic fan tip speed. Finally, some concepts that may have the potential to reduce fan noise are indicated.
Verb phrase deletion in English: a base-generated analysis

Sentences (1) and (2) have traditionally been related by a process that is called Verb Phrase Deletion (VPD).(1) If I wanted to collect bottles, I would collect bottles.(2) If I wanted to collect bottles, I would.The earliest analyses of this phenomenon suggested that (2) was derived from (1) by a syntactic deletion rule (hence the ‘deletion’ in the name of the process – cf. Ross (1969a)). Later (Jackendoff, 1972; Wasow, 1972; Fiengo, 1974; and Williams, 1977a, among others), it was suggested that a null anaphor was generated in the base following would in (2), and that the semantic component read this anaphor as meaning collect bottles, hence accounting for the synonymy of (1) and (2). A third possibility is that (2) is generated in the base with nothing following would, would itself serving as a proform for would collect bottles. And fourth, (2) could be derived from (1), leaving would as a proform, in a process resembling pronominalization more than deletion (perhaps ‘proverbalization’).
The Impact of Market Driven Higher Education Practices on Professional Teacher Development

In this paper we describe the growth of private sector involvement in the delivery of postsecondary education, the potential impact of this growth on mainstream IHEs, and the impact of these changes on the development of general and special education teachers. It is our contention that the proliferation and effects of for-profit, convenience-type approaches to postsecondary education run counter to efforts aimed at the improvement and reform of teacher preparation and professional development. In fact, we believe that the movement toward a more corporate approach to activities and governance in the higher education community is antithetical if not hostile to the agenda of teacher education reform. As part of this initial TESE Associate Editor's exchange, we invite comment on this critical issue.
Contingent Identity and Rigid Designation

Gallois allows that there is one sense of 'rigid designator' in which RDT turns out to be trivially true. On a second analysis of rigidity, he argues that RDT is false.2 It is upon this last claim that attention is focused in the discussion that follows. I shall argue both that Gallois's contingency analysis of the Alice/Mary case is mistaken and that the proposed analysis of rigidity that allegedly poses a threat to RDT should be rejected.
Bubble motion and mass transfer in non-Newtonian fluids: Part I. Single bubble in power law and Bingham fluids

The Sherwood number and drag coefficient for a single gas bubble moving in a power law fluid and a Bingham plastic fluid are obtained using perturbation methods. The perturbation parameters for power law and Bingham plastic fluids are m (= n – 1/2) and E (= R/U), respectively. It is found that in the case of power law fluid, mass transfer and drag increase with increasing pseudoplasticity. These theoretical results are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data and the data obtained in the present study. In the case of Bingham plastic fluid, mass transfer and drag are found to increase with increase in the Bingham number NB (= 2e). Contours of plug flow regions, where local stresses are less than the yield stress, are obtained as a function of the Bingham number NB. These results qualitatively predict the zero terminal velocity observed for bubble motion in liquids with very high yield stress. They are also in good agreement with the trends of the results obtained previously for solid sphere motion in Bingham plastic fluids.
A two–stage approach to additive time series models

For nonlinear additive time series models, an appealing approach used in the literature to estimate the nonparametric additive components is the projection method. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the projection method might not be efficient in an asymptotic sense. To estimate additive components efficiently, a two-stage approach is proposed together with a local linear fitting and a new bandwidth selector based on the nonparametric version of the Akaike information criterion. It is shown that the two-stage method not only achieves efficiency but also makes bandwidth selection relatively easier. Also, the asymptotic normality of the resulting estimator is established. A small simulation study is carried out to illustrate the proposed methodology and the two-stage approach is applied to a real example from econometrics.
Mutations in the conserved domain of SRY are uncommon in XY gonadal dysgenesis

In order to evaluate the role of SRY in the determination of the testis, we sequenced the conserved domain of the SRY gene in 8 patients with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis and 3 patients with related disorders, and compared our data with those obtained in 6 other similar studies. In our study, a 609-bp fragment of SRY was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and the internal conserved motif was sequenced. SRY sequences did not differ from those in normal males in any of our patients. Overall, 5 de novo mutations have been identified among 56 patients with sporadic XY gonadal dysgenesis (8.9%), and 2 de novo mutations have been identified among 18 patients with related conditions (11%). The unexpectedly low frequency of mutations within the SRY conserved domain in these patients could be caused by undetected Y-linked mutations outside the conserved domain in regions that control transcription during development (e.g., promotor/enhancer regions) or to downstream mutations in other sex-determining genes that need not map to the Y.
Hitting the moving target: challenges of creating a dynamic curriculum addressing the ethical dimensions of geospatial data

While established ethical norms and core legal principles concerning the protection of privacy may be easily identified, applying these standards to rapidly evolving digital information technologies, markets for digital information and convulsive changes in social understandings of privacy is increasingly challenging. This challenge has been further heightened by the increasing creation of, access to, and sophisticated nature of geocoded data, that is, data that contain time and global location components. This article traces the growing need for, and the structural challenges to creating educational curricula that address the ethical and privacy dimensions of geospatial data.
A study of the ultrastructure of the organs and of cultured fibroblasts incubated with isoleucine from a patient with propionic acidemia

This is a case report of a 12 day old infant with propionic acidemia. Light and electron microscopy was accomplished on heart, kidney, muscle, nerve, and skin. Fibroblasts harvested from skin and subcutaneous tissue at autopsy were grown in vitro in media containing isoleucine in 3 mM and 30 mM concentrations. Autopsy material examined by light microscopy showed no specific histopathologic alterations. However, mitochondrial alterations and lipid accumulations in liver, heart, kidney, and skin were observed ultrastructurally. Under tissue culture conditions, 3 mM isoleucine produced changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Lamellated bodies and lipid deposits were also apparent in the cytoplasm. With 30 mM isoleucine in the medium these findings were greatly accentuated. Normal control fibroblasts showed none of these ultrastructural changes. Therefore, it is concluded that this accumulation of lipid and lamellated bodies and alterations in cell organelles are the morphologic expression of the aberration in the metabolism of fatty acids caused by the deficiency of propionylcoenzyme A carboxylase.
Biological response modifiers and their promise in clinical medicine

In recent years, attempts at elucidating the biological functions of various soluble factors involved in regulating the immune system have been quite successful. These factors apparently play a major role in coordinating humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Although these two immunologic responses were originally thought to be independent, it is now clear that there is much cellular cooperation and communication. This communication is mediated by both immunoglobulins and other dissimilar cell products. Recently, much attention has been given to the modulators of immunity that are distinct from immunoglobulins. The term 'lymphokine' was coined for the biological factors produced by activated lymphocytes. Many lymphokines are currently known to exist and, quite probably, more will be discovered in the near future as biochemical techniques become more sophisticated. There are helper and suppressor factors, factors that regulate other cells of the immune system, and even cytotoxic factors. ~lJ Factors produced by monocytes and other cell types, called monokines and cytokines, also exist. Although many questions still remain to be answered, the advances in our knowledge concerning these factors may eventually lead to a time when the immune system can be externally manipulated with precision. It is quite probable that the treatment modality of immunotherapy will become more popular in the next few years as our ability to enhance or suppress immune responses---depending on the disease state--becomes more specific. In fact, within the last decade, numerous longitudinal clinical trials testing various lymphokines have already been initiated. Preliminary results are promising: but much work still remains to be done to determine the true therapeutic effectiveness of these biological response modifiers. Our review will focus on a group of biological response modifiers that have been subjected to recent investigations. We will explore the role that thymic hormones play in the development and maintenance of cell-mediated immunity and discuss the evidence implicating transfer factor as a means of transferring specific immunity. New information concerning lymphotoxin and the interleukins with respect to their effects on cellmediated processes will also be covered. In addition, we will concentrate on the interferons, which are emerging as potentially important biological response modifiers in vivo, particularly as mediators of immune processes directed against viruses and tumors. And finally, the growth-regulating characteristics of chalones will be surveyed.
Deformation of the diastolic left ventricle--II. Nonlinear geometric effects.

Abstract A finite element model for the rat left ventricle has been developed which is based on finite deformation elasticity theory: i.e. the model is not limited by assumptions relating to the magnitudes of extensions, shears and angles of rotation which are inherent in the classical theory of elasticity. This model represents the ventricle as a heterogeneous, nonlinearly elastic, isotropic thick-wall solid of revolution. For the representation of myocardial elasticity used in this study, the model predicts overall ventricular stiffnesses at physiological pressures which are 20–30 per cent lower than those obtained with a model based on the classical theory. However, extentions predicted by the two theories differ by as much as 100 per cent in certain portions of the ventricular wall.
PERINATAL LETHAL GAUCHER DISEASE: A DISTINCT PHENOTYPE ALONG THE NEURONOPATHIC CONTINUUM

Gaucher disease, the inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, is characterized by significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. At the extreme end of the phenotypic continuum is the perinatal lethal variant, typically presenting in utero or during the neonatal period as hydrops and/orcongenital ichthyosis, with severe and progressive neurological involvement. Insights from the null-allele Gaucher mouse model contributed to the identification of this distinct phenotype, which has unique epidermal involvement. While multiple mutations are encountered, many affected infants are homozygous for recombinant alleles. The diagnosis is often missed due to the early lethality and the failure to recognize the association between lysosomal disorders and hydrops fetalis. The incidence of severe perinatal Gaucher disease may prove more common than currently appreciated with greater physician awareness of the disorder.
PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON TUBAL CONTRACTIONS (OVIDUCT OF RABBIT) DETERMINED BY CO2 INSUFFLATION

IT HAS BEEN ESTABHSHED that in lower animals the spontaneous contractions of the fallopian tubes, like those of the uterus, are governed by the hormonal status (1–5). Thetubal contractions of the pig were reported to vary characteristically during the different phases of the estrous cycle. Observations were made upon isolated strips and rings of the oviductmuscle and of the whole extirpated oviducts kept in a state of temporary survival. Rhythmic contractions have also been demonstrated in the extirpated human fallopian tube by Seckinger and Snyder and by Rubin. By means of uterotubal insufflation a dynamic method has become available for studying the function of the intact fallopian tube both in the extirpated specimen as well as in vivo. Whitelaw (6) confirmed the findings of earlier investigators and demonstrated by tubal insufflation the cyclic variations in tubal motility in the excised sow's oviduct. Cyclic variations found byclinical use of this method have been demonstrated by Rubin (7).
The effects of protein repletion at varied levels on the growth and nutritional status of protein restricted rats

Effects of protein restriction and subsequent repletion were studied for 34 days using 43 male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty-three rats were fed a protein restricted diet (4% casein) for 27 days. Six of these rats were then killed. Groups of 9 rats were fed protein repletion diets consisting of 10%, 20%, or 40% casein for the next 7 days. A control group of 10 rats was fed a diet containing 20% casein for the entire study. Body weight change, food efficiency ratio, liver, kidney, and heart weights, and serum total protein concentration were assessed. Protein depletion depressed weight gain and serum protein concentration, both of which were equally improved among all refeeding groups after 1 week of repletion. Liver and kidney weights were greatest in the groups repleted with 20% and 40% casein. This study indicated that aggressive refeeding of protein provided no benefit with regard to growth or serum protein status, while causing renal and hepatic hypertrophy.
Synthesis of 6-alk-1′-enyl penicillanic acids; double bond isosteres of the side-chain amide linkage in penicillins

Abstract Two penicillin analogues have been prepared which incorporate CC bonds at C6α and C6β respectively, in place of the normal side-chain NHCO group.
The Westward Movement of the Pink Bollworm

The pink bollworm, Pectillophora gossypiella (Saunders), which causes severe damage to cotton probably originated in India and spread in planting seed to Egypt and from there to Mexico.
Optimization Models for Assessing the Peak Capacity Utilization of Intelligent Transportation Systems

Due to economic and physical resource constraints, it is not feasible to continually expand transportation infrastructures to adequately support the rapid growth in the usages of these infrastructures. This is especially true for traffic coordination systems where the expansion of the road infrastructure has not been able to keep pace with the increasing number of vehicles, thereby resulting in congestion and delays on the roads as well as in substantial increase in pollution. Hence, in addition to striving for the construction of new roads, it is imperative to develop new intelligent transportation management and coordination systems that can effectively enable the existing infrastructure to be used more efficiently. However, for a deployed solution to be practical and cost-effective, it needs to be provably superior to current methods. The effectiveness of a given technique can be evaluated by comparing it with the optimal capacity utilization. If this comparison indicates that substantial improvements are possible, then the cost of developing and deploying an intelligent traffic system can be justified. Moreover, developing an optimization model can also help in capacity planning. For instance, at a given level of demand, if the optimal solution worsens significantly, this implies that no amount of intelligent strategies can handle this demand, and expanding the infrastructure would be the only alternative. In this paper, we demonstrate these concepts through a case study of scheduling vehicles on a grid of intersecting roads. We develop two optimization models namely, the mixed integer programming model and the space-time network flow model for this problem, and show that the latter model is substantially more effective. Moreover, we prove the strong NP-hard property of this problem and develop two polynomial-time heuristic solutions, which are evaluated and compared with the optimal capacity utilization obtained using the space-time network model. In addition, we also present important implications for the managers.
Effects of different feedback conditions on verbal discrimination learning in schizophrenic and nonpsychiatric subjects

Summary Subjects were given two verbal discrimination tasks in which they were required to learn and call out the correct member in each of a series of word pairs. The S s in one of the experimental conditions were informed that E would say “Right” after each correct choice and nothing after each incorrect one, and those in a second condition that E would say “Wrong” after each incorrect choice and nothing after each correct one. In a third condition, S s received their information by being shown the correct word following their choice. Groups of hospitalized schizophrenics, nonpsychiatric medical patients, and college students were tested in each condition. In all three groups, performance was best under the Information condition, but there were no significant differences in performance between the groups given the two verbal reinforcement procedures. Further analyses suggested that E 's failure to respond had the same effect on performance as the overt response of “Right” in the Wrong-Nothing groups and of “Wrong” in the Right-Nothing groups.
Effects of random path fluctuations on the accuracy of laser ranging systems.

The effects of turbulence induced pathlength fluctuations on the accuracy of single color and two color laser ranging systems are examined. Correlation and structure functions for the path deviations are derived using several proposed models for the variation of Cn2 with altitude. For single color systems, random pathlength fluctuations can limit the accuracy of a range measurement to a few centimeters when the turbulence is strong (Cn2 ~ 10−13 m−2/3), and the effective propagation path is long (>10 km). Two color systems can partially correct for the random path fluctuations so that in most cases their accuracy is limited to a few millimeters. However, at low elevation angles for satellite ranging (<20°) and over long horizontal paths, two color systems can also have errors approaching a few centimeters.
Gender and politics in India

This volume presents a view of feminist theory and politics in India in the form of debates within the movement on key issues. The essays focus on important strands and arguments within Indian feminism, providing for an inclusion of disparate voices without privileging any one over the other.
The distribution of tobacco mosaic virus in plant callus cultures.

Abstract Individual cells mechanically separated from repeatedly transferred tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infected callus cultures of Nicotiana tabacum Havana 38, of White Burley and of a hybrid between Havana 38 and N. glutinosa were assayed for tobacco mosaic virus by application of a cell-buffer homogenate to indicator hosts. A microassay of homogenized single cells in 0.2 μl of buffer was more efficient than two methods involving higher dilutions of the cell content. Mature tobacco plants of local lesion reaction type and small plants of systemic reaction type were used to detect the virus, which was found in 30% and 40%, respectively, of the cells assayed. Virus-infected calli which were induced to differentiate produced 38 infected and 4 healthy plants. It is concluded that at least 40% of the cells from the infected calli contained virus, that the concentration of virus in these cells was much less than that found in cells of systemically infected plants, that some cells in infected calli remained healthy, and that TMV does not prevent the differentiation of callus cultures into shoots.
Abstract 4529: The PI3Kδ inhibitor, idelalisib, inhibits transcription and translation through PI3K/Akt pathway in mantle cell lymphoma

PI3Kδ is the major PI3K family class I isoform expressed in B-cells that is known to promote cancer cell growth and survival. PI3Kδ pathway is activated through cell surface receptors, e.g. B-cell receptor signaling. This suggests that PI3Kδ is a therapeutic target for B-cell hematological malignancies. Idelalisib is a potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor (IC50=19nM) that is currently under investigation in Phase II/III trials in B-cell neoplasms. In solid tumors, it has been established that PI3K/Akt axis regulates transcription and translation processes. Based on the overexpression and hyperactivity of PI3Kδ in B-cell lymphoma such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and PI3Kδ-specific inhibition by idelalisib, we hypothesized that idelalisib treatment will 1) impact the transcription and translation processes that are PI3K/Akt-dependent, 2) disrupt RNA and protein synthetic capacity, and 3) decrease short-lived oncogenic mRNA and proteins levels that are important for MCL cell survival. Idelalisib (0.5 to 5μM) induced modest levels of apoptosis ( 20% decrease in Mino) were detected with 72hr incubation of idelalisib (0.5 to 1μM). Consistent with cell line data, in B-cell lymphoma primary cells, transcription levels were decreased by 20% or >50% following a 24hr treatment with 1 or 5µM idelalisib, respectively; and a 40% decrease of translation level was detected with 5µM idelalisib. In Jeko-1, early response genes MCL1 mRNA level was reduced following 24hr idelalisib treatment, whereas the other mRNAs (PIM2, MYC, CCND1) were decreased to a lesser extent. Mcl-1 and cyclin D1 protein levels were decreased in JeKo-1 and Mino cells following short incubation of idelalisib (0.5 or 1µM). In summary, idelalisib was effective in reducing phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effectors in MCL cell lines (GSK-3β, 4E-BP1 and S6). Idelalisib inhibits global RNA and protein synthesis, and decreases the levels of short-lived survival proteins. Collectively, these data imply that similar to solid tumors, PI3K regulates key factors involved in gene transcription and protein translation in MCL. Citation Format: Qingshan Yang, Lisa S. Chen, Sattva S. Neelapu, Varsha Gandhi. The PI3Kδ inhibitor, idelalisib, inhibits transcription and translation through PI3K/Akt pathway in mantle cell lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4529. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4529
Electrochemical measurement of adsorption by current reversal chronopotentiometry

Summary Current reversal chronopotentiometry has been applied to the measurement of the surface excess of the product of an electrode process. Ten idealized models of the current distribution are discussed and equations which allow calculation of the amount adsorbed are given. Measurements on riboflavin and iodine systems are reported.
The Net Effect: Romanticism, Capitalism, and the Internet

Thomas Streeter, The Net Effect: Romanticism, Capitalism, and the Internet (New York: New York University Press, 2010), ix + 219 pp. $65.00 (cloth), $22.00 (paper). Few people today would remember,...
A Hierarchy of Important Elements in Union-Management Relations

Union officials and managers from several federal facilities rank-ordered 11 elements identified as necessary for successful union-management relationships. No significant differences were found in the subject's rankings, from different samples, from union or management positions, or from high or low successful relationships. The results are used to develop a three-tiered hierarchy of importance of the elements. In addition, the hierarchy and the elements can be employed as part of a strategy for evaluating and improving union-management relations.
1688 DEVELOPMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SCAPULAR RETRACTIONS IN THE LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANT

Although abnormal muscle tone is frequently noted in the premature infant, it is usually transient and resolves by 18 months of age. When present in preterm infants, these abnormalities do not carry the same prognostic importance as do similar abnormalities in the term infant. Scapular retractions (SR) are clinical evidence of increased shoulder girdle tone. Because the resulting “high guard” position of the arms in the infant with SR may interfere with the acquisition of developmental milestones such as midline play, transferring, rolling over and sitting, we evaluated 78 former NICU patients for the presence of SR. 25 infants (33%) developed SR by 6 months either as a component of generalized hypertonia or as compensation for truncal hypotonia. All infants received physical therapy or home exercise programs directed at these neuromuscular abnormalities. SR resolved in all patients by 18 months; only 3 (4%) had SR at 12 months. Bayley developmental scores were compared at 6, 12 and 18 months. Conclusions: Scapular retractions are common, but resolve by 12 months in most preterm infants. SR interfere with performance at 6 months, but as SR resolve, no lasting effects on development are seen. Physical therapy or exercises may help to promote resolution of this relatively common abnormality in preterm infants.
A computational experiment of COVERT-AU class of rules for single machine tardiness scheduling problem

This paper deals with the single-machine single-operation job scheduling problem to minimize total weighted (and unweighted) tardiness. A class of heuristic rules that contains both the cost over time (COVERT) rule and the apparent urgency (AU) rule is presented. Computational comparison of 12 rules from this class for the total weighted tardiness problem is presented. In the case of the total tardiness (unweighted) problem, these 12 rules and the modified due date (MDD) and the traffic priority index (TPI) rules, total of 14 rules, are compared. Advantages and disadvantages of the rules with respect to four measures of performance are discussed.
Investment preferences for wood-based energy initiatives in the US

Abstract The forest sector is poised to become a major supplier of wood-based energy in the US. Prospects for growth in energy demand and higher prices can create opportunities for private investments in renewable energy industries. A conjoint analysis examined individuals’ willingness to invest in wood-based energies following a random utility model. The study design included three investment attributes: annual returns on investment, type of investment, and location of investment. Three ordinal models that also included demographic and attitudinal characteristics indicate that wood-based energy is less preferred among potential investors compared to the stock market and solar/wind renewable energy investments. Expected returns and location of energy investments within the US are also major drivers of investment preferences. Favorable attitudes towards forestry and wood-based energy could enhance prospects for a greater number of potential investors.
CQC: classifying questions in CQA websites

Community Question Answering portals like Yahoo! Answers have recently become a popular method for seeking information online. Users express their information need as questions for which other users generate potential answers. These questions are organized into pre-defined hierarchical categories to facilitate effective answering, hence Question Classification is an important aspect of these systems. In this paper we propose a novel system, CQC, for automatically classifying new questions into one of the hierarchical categories. Experiments conducted on large scale real data from Yahoo Answers! show that the proposed techniques are effective and outperform existing methods significantly.
Dynamically Adjusting the Number of Kanbans in a Just-in-Time Production System Using Estimated Values of Leadtime

Abstract In a Just-in-Time (JIT) production system with Kanbans, as used by the Japanese, the number of Kanbans employed at each workcenter remains relatively constant from month to month even though demand may change, This occurs because of the unique (and stable) conditions inherent in the production environment of Japanese firms. However, a number of American firms have considered or attempted the implementation of a JIT system without a similar production environment, thus, necessitating that the number of Kanbans at each workcenter be adjusted periodically. In this paper, a procedure for dynamically adjusting the number of Kanbans at workcenters in an unstable production environment is presented and analyzed. The adjustment methodology is presented in a step-by-step manner. This is followed by three examples presented within the context of a simulation model of a hypothetical shop. The first example will illustrate the methodology while the last two examples will demonstrate how well the methodology ...
Case 66: Generalized Convulsions After Regional Anesthesia

A 28-year-old man (78 kg, 5 ft 10 in.) is admitted to hospital in the early morning. He has sustained a cut in his right ulnar nerve following a knife fight with a “friend.” You examine him carefully and see no other injuries especially no other knife injuries. He is under the influence of alcohol and states that he has neither eaten nor drunk anything for the last 5 h. He denies having any allergies to drugs. His vital signs are stable and his hemoglobin is 11 g%. He has no fixed address and denies any medical problems or illicit drug use. He arrives in the operating room with an IV infusion of lactated Ringer’s solution. He has received a total of 1 L since admission 1 h earlier. You place at 4:00 a.m. a supraclavicular brachial plexus block with a mixture of 1.5 mg/kg (20 mL) bupivacaine 0.5% and 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine 1% (10 mL). At 4:20 a.m., surgery starts. The patient feels no pain. Five minutes later, 4:25 a.m., the patient develops what appear to be general convulsions. However, he is breathing, and oxygen saturation remains within acceptable limits above 95 with 100% via an oxygen mask. His heart rate is 94 regular and his BP is 140/90.
TV is feasible for Regular Graduate Courses

During the first semester of 1960-61 at the University of Wisconsin an experiment in education by TV has been conducted by the University in co-operation with Wisconsin industries. The occasion for this particular experiment was that travel between Milwaukee and Madison by the E.E. staff for the E.E. Department's part-time graduate program in Milwaukee has grown to be so burdensome that the Department has been reevaluating the program in terms of effort expended and results obtained. This reevaluation led to general dissatisfaction with the educational validity of graduate courses run once a week for a period of 2-1/ 2 hours in the evening. A first attempt to improve the program involved beginning the session at 4:30 P.M. (instead of 7:20 P.M. which had been the starting time). This change brought some improvement, but feeling remained general that performance was still inadequate.
Real-time interactive three-dimensional segmentation.

Rationale and Objectives. The authors developed a real-time, interactive three-dimensional (3D) segmentation pipeline that uses relatively low-level segmentation operations and provides two-dimensional and 3D visualization through a user-friendly graphical interface. Materials and Methods. The low-level segmentation processes were implemented on a massively parallel computer; the graphical user interface was written with a public domain software toolkit. Since their implementation 2 years ago, these segmentation tools have been applied to approximately 300 computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging data sets. Two typical clinical cases are presented to demonstrate their applications. Results. The entire processing pipeline can be executed in a few seconds. The tools are simple to learn because they involve the use of low-level procedures and a user-friendly graphical interface with a short interactive response time. Segmentation of the bones, aorta, kidneys, and kidney cysts in case 1 could be performed in about 16 minutes. The time needed to segment each organ in case 2 ranged from about 15 minutes for the skin and brain to about 1 minute for the tumor. Conclusion. Satisfactory results can be obtained in a relatively short time with the real-time interactive 3D segmentation system. Operation of the system can be easily learned by a wide variety of nonspecialized users with some medical background.