cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Diagnostic Label and Disease Information on Emotions, Beliefs, and Willingness to Help Older Parents with Osteoarthritis.

We studied the impact of the diagnostic label of osteoarthritis and educational information on family members' attributions, perceptions, and willingness to help older parents with pain. Undergraduate students (N = 636) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions where they read vignettes about an older mother with chronic pain, which varied on illness label and educational information. Results indicated that both the osteoarthritis label and osteoarthritis information led to more positive perceptions compared with no label/healthy aging information. Results highlight the importance of diagnosis and education in promoting favorable attributions and increasing willingness to help older adults with osteoarthritis.
Structural, Functional, and Genetic Comparisons of Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 3A, 3B, and 3C Homologues Encoded by the Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus

EBNA-3A, -3B, and -3C are three latent infection nuclear proteins important for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced B-cell immortalization and the immune response to EBV infection. All three are hypothesized to function as transcriptional transactivators, but little is known about their precise mechanism of action or their role in EBV pathogenesis. We have cloned and studied the three EBNA-3 homologues from a closely related lymphocryptovirus (LCV) which naturally infects rhesus monkeys. The rhesus LCV EBNA-3A, -3B, and -3C homologues have 37, 40, and 36% amino acid identity with the EBV genes, respectively. Function, as measured by in vitro assays, also appears to be conserved with the EBV genes, since the rhesus LCV EBNA-3s can interact with the transcription factor RBP-Jκ and the rhesus LCV EBNA-3C encodes a Q/P-rich domain with transcriptional activation properties. In order to better understand the relationship between these EBV and rhesus LCV latent infection genes, we asked if the rhesus LCV EBNA-3 locus could be recombined into the EBV genome and if it could substitute for the EBV EBNA-3s when assayed for human B-cell immortalization. Recombination between the EBV genome and rhesus LCV DNA was reasonably efficient. However, these studies suggest that the rhesus LCV EBNA-3 locus was not completely interchangeable with the EBV EBNA-3 locus for B-cell immortalization and that at least one determinant of the species restriction for LCV-induced B-cell immortalization maps to the EBNA-3 locus. The overall conservation of EBNA-3 structure and function between EBV and rhesus LCV indicates that rhesus LCV infection of rhesus monkeys can provide an important animal model for studying the role of the EBNA-3 genes in LCV pathogenesis.
Iliac Artery-Uretero-Colonic Fistula Presenting as Severe Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Hematuria: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Arterioenteric fistulas represent an infrequent but potentially fatal cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Patients often present in extremis from shock and sepsis. This mandates a rapid diagnosis so that prompt, potentially life-saving interventions can be performed. We report the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with hematuria and hematochezia secondary to an iliac artery-uretero-colonic fistula that developed years after open common iliac artery aneurysm repair. His condition rapidly progressed to hemorrhagic shock, and he underwent successful endovascular treatment with a covered stent graft as a bridge to definitive open surgery. Subsequently, graft explantation, extra-anatomic arterial bypass, bowel resection, and ureter ligation was undertaken. A summary of the literature on iliac artery-enteric fistulas follows.
A receptor for the oocyte maturation-inducing hormone 17alpha,20beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one on ovarian membranes of striped bass.

Previous studies have shown that blood plasma levels of 17a, 20,B-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 1 7a, 20, 21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) increase in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) undergoing final oocyte maturation (FOM). Both hormones are produced by ovarian fragments undergoing hCGinduced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in vitro. In the present study, we investigated binding of DHP and 20B-S to ovarian membranes from striped bass undergoing FOM. Saturable binding sites for DHP were not detected. Saturation of 2013-S binding sites with 5 nM [ 3 H]203-S occurred within 40 min at 0°C (at 3 min, half of the maximum specific binding of steroid was calculated to have occurred), and the binding was pH-dependent. Scatchard analyses revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity (dissociation constant [Kd] = 1.4 + 0.2 nM), limited-capacity (estimated concentration [Bmax] = 2.7 ± 0.3 pmol/g ovary) 2013-S binding sites on membranes from striped bass ovaries undergoing FOM. In contrast, only low levels of specific binding (Bmx, < 0.04 pmol/g tissue) were detected on membranes from testes, liver, brain, and muscle. Ovarian membranes prepared from vitellogenic females also had low levels (Bmax < 0.1 pmol/g ovary) of specific 2001-S binding, less than 5% of that found during FOM. Results of competition assays showed that DHP was approximately 250 times less effective than 2001-S for displacing 20,1-S from ovarian membranes. In contrast, 2013, 21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was a very effective competitor, although it is only a weak inducer of oocyte GVBD in vitro. Of several other steroids tested, only progesterone showed affinity for the 2001-S binding site within a physiological range of concentrations. Taken together with previous studies of striped bass FOM, these findings indicate that 20,1-S is the oocyte maturation-inducing steroid hormone in striped bass.
Surface Replacement: The Hemicap Solution

Partial resurfacing of the humeral head with the Hemicap implant has recently become available. Previously, the use of resurfacing in the glenohumeral joint has been used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, cuff tear arthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, and avascular necrosis. The technique has provided significant pain relief as well as improved function in all pathologies in the available short to midterm follow-up studies. The advent of the Hemicap implant provides the treating physician with an option of a more limited resurfacing for focal defects, such as those occurring with avascular necrosis and Hill-Sachs and reverse Hill Sachs lesions from instability.
Oocyte donor screening: the selection process and cost analysis

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the selection process and cost of screening oocyte donors. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: University-based IVF program. Patient(s): Potential oocyte donors. Intervention(s): Outcomes of all inquiries by individuals responding to recruitment advertisements for oocyte donors over a 10-month period were assessed. Recruitment and screening costs to bring a single donor into the program were calculated. Main Outcome Measure(s): The attrition rate for each step of the oocyte donor screening process was determined. The costs assessed over the study period included the following: advertisement, administrative, professional, ultrasound, and blood screening. The total cost to bring a single donor into the program was calculated. Result(s): Advertisements led to 315 phone inquiries from potential oocyte donors. Of these, a total of 223 (71%) voluntarily withdrew from the screening process, 54 (17%) were screened out for medical or psychological reasons, and 38 (12%) entered the active donor pool. The total cost to bring a single donor into the program was approximately $1,869. Conclusion(s): There was significant attrition in the screening process for oocyte donation that needs to be taken into account in determining the costs of managing the program.
Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I and risk of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix.

Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) are areas of precancerous growth in the cervix that can be indicative of future cervical cancer. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been implicated in cancer development. Recent studies have demonstrated that elevated plasma IGF-I levels are associated with increased risk of prostate, lung, colon, and breast cancers. In this case-control study, we analyzed the relationship between serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3, and SILs of the cervix. The case patients were comprised of 267 women treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Colposcopy Clinic in Houston, Texas for abnormal Pap smears. The clinic serves minority and economically disadvantaged women referred from the County Health Department clinics of Harris County, Texas. The control subjects were 238 healthy women receiving family planning and screening services at two Harris County Health Department clinics. Case patients with either high-grade or low-grade SILs had significantly higher serum levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratios of IGF-I:IGFBP-3 than the control subjects did. IGF-I levels in the highest quartile were associated with significantly higher risk of SILs compared with the lowest quartile, independent of IGFBP-3 levels. The odds ratio for the fourth quartile of IGF-I level, relative to the first quartile, was 8.54 (95% confidence interval, 4.15–17.60; P
Factors associated with infection following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: Although rare, infection can be devastating after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to test the association between infection after ACL reconstruction and potential risk factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetes, and graft choice. Methods: We reviewed the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) cohort from 2002 to 2005 to identify patients with a postoperative infection. The age, BMI, smoking status, history of diabetes, and graft choice were recorded for each patient. A multivariable regression analysis was constructed to examine which baseline risk factors were independently associated with postoperative infection after ACL reconstruction requiring surgical intervention. Results: There were 2198 eligible patients in the cohort, with seventeen (0.8%) reporting a postoperative infection. Diabetes was found to be a significant risk factor for infection (odds ratio [OR] = 18.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8 to 94.0; p < 0.001). Compared with bone-tendon-bone autograft, both hamstring autograft and other grafts (e.g., the majority of allografts, with some that were both autograft and allograft) also increased the risk of infection (OR = 4.6 [95% CI = 1.2 to 17.9; p = 0.026] for hamstrings and 4.3 [95% CI = 1.0 to 18.1; p = 0.047] for other grafts). Although the OR for infection in smokers was 2.5, this finding did not reach significance. Conclusions: Patients with diabetes undergoing ACL reconstruction have a significantly elevated risk of postoperative infection (18.8-times higher odds) compared with that for patients without diabetes. Use of bone-tendon-bone autograft is associated with a lower risk of infection after ACL reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Phonotactics, markedness and lexical representation*

The theory proposed here, the Markedness Theory of Syllable Structure (MTSS), provides an account of syllabic phonotactics, wherein not only are features defining phonological content underspecified, but also those which determine the number and order of segments. The descriptive basis of MTSS in this paper consists of the minimally redundant underlying representations (URs) of stressed syllables in English. These forms are parsimoniously accounted for by a theory in which content features are associated with prosodic nodes in UR, and which contains an algorithm which maps UR prosodic nodes, specified for feature content, into strings of timing units (x's on the skeletal tier), with fully specified syllabic structures on the prosodic tier.
miR-93, miR-98, and miR-197 regulate expression of tumor suppressor gene FUS1

FUS1 is a tumor suppressor gene located on human chromosome 3p21, and expression of Fus1 protein is highly regulated at various levels, leading to lost or greatly diminished tumor suppressor function in many lung cancers. Here we show that selected microRNAs (miRNA) interact with the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of FUS1, leading to down-regulation of protein expression. Using computational methods, we first predicted that FUS1 is a target of three miRNAs, miR-93, miR-98, and miR-197, and then showed that exogenous overexpression of these miRNAs inhibited Fus1 protein expression. We then confirmed that the three miRNAs target the 3'UTR region of the FUS1 transcript and that individual deletion of the three miRNA target sites in the FUS1 3'UTR restores the expression level of Fus1 protein. We further found that miR-93 and miR-98 are expressed at higher levels in small-cell lung cancer cell lines (SCLC) than in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC) and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), and that miR-197 is expressed at higher levels in both SCLCs and NSCLCs than in HBECs. Finally, we found that elevated miR-93 and miR-197 expression is correlated with reduced Fus1 expression in NSCLC tumor specimens. These results suggest that the three miRNAs are negative regulators of Fus1 expression in lung cancers.
Recent Advances in Modeling Fission Cross Sections over Intermediate Structures

More accurate fission cross section calculations in presence of underly ing intermediate structure are strongly desired. This paper recalls the common approximations used below the fission threshold and quantifies their impact. In particular, an exact expanded R-matrix Monte Carlo calculation of the intermediate structure, deeply mixed with the fluctuations of the class-I and II decay amplitudes, is s hown. This paper also insists on the microscopic structure of the level densities as a function of the nucleus deformation and show preliminary neutron induced fission cross section calculations for 239 Pu and 240 Pu using newly calculated combinatorial level densities. Comparisons with recent evaluated and measured fission cro ss sections are made.
Backward or Forward-Looking Utility Rates?

Debates about the efficacy of public utility rates continue to occur in every state as well as the nation's Capitol. However, the central question continues to elude policymakers: Should the costs which are used to determine utility rates be backward or forward-looking? To answer this questions, backward-looking and forward-looking costs must be defined.
The token bit manager chip for the CMS pixel readout

A custom chip that controls groupings of pixel readout chips and coordinates their readout has been developed for the CMS experiment. The performance of this chip produced in the DMILL process and the translation of the chip to 0.25 μm process is presented.
The Determinants of Electoral Volatility

Current research posits two types of factors that lead to electoral volatility. The first are demand factors, which refer to influences that lead voters to make a choice in a current election that is different from that made in the immediately preceding contest. The second are supply factors which refer principally to the institutional factors that intersect with elite choices and affect the number of political party choices voters have in an election. Both supply and demand factors affect electoral volatility, but not in the same way. To sort this out, we develop a theory of electoral volatility and then test this theory using a dataset that includes measures of electoral volatility and essential supply and demand factors in 47 countries. Our analysis will show that electoral institutions directly affect the “supply” of political parties (i.e., the party system) which in turn directly affects electoral volatility. It will also show that, macroeconomic conditions affect electoral volatility directly, while social structure has an indirect impact on volatility.
Olfactory and Vomeronasal Mechanisms of Social Communication in Golden Hamsters

A number of hypotheses have been put forward to characterize the differences in function between the olfactory and vomeronasal sensory systems in vertebrates; these include the suggestions that (1) the vomeronasal system is especially important for reproductive function (Wysocki, 1979, 1989); (2) the vomeronasal system is primarily responsible for responses to relatively large, non-volatile compounds (Ladewig and Hart, 1980; Halpern and Kubie, 1980; Wysocki, Wellington and Beauchamp, 1980), (3) the vomeronasal system may be especially important for relatively hard-wired responses to specialized chemical signals whereas the olfactory system may be more concerned with olfactory cues that need to be learned (Meredith, 1983), (4) the vomeronasal system mediates rewarding properties of scent (Halpern, 1988), (5) the olfactory system is especially important for maintenance functions such as feeding (Wysocki, 1979), (6) the olfactory system is primarily involved in functions that involve pattern (mixture) recognition, such as might occur in individual, kin or species recognition (Johnston, 1985b). All of these hypotheses have merit, but at present they do not provide a general theory or even an adegdate account of all of the phenomena that have been described.
The Larval Development of Eucelatoria sp. in the Host, Heliothis virescens,

Larval development of Eucelatoria sp. is completed in about 96 h at 29°C; the 3 stadia last 28, 32, and 36 h, respectively. Larval instars are easily distinguished by the increasing size and complexity of their buccopharyngeal apparatus. Molting is correlated with size and weight of the developing parasitoids. First instars are hemophagous. Second- and 3rd-instar maggots feed on hemolymph and fat body tissue. Maggots require an adequate supply of oxygen before larval growth is initiated. Early 1st-instar maggots respire by cutaneous diffusion. After 12 h, the maggots attach to the host's tracheal system after tearing an opening with stigmatic hooks. Maggots may make new respiratory connections anytime during larval development. Growing maggots attach to progressively larger tracheae with the aid of the stigmatic or buccal hooks.
A Kinetic and Thermal Study of the Superalloy Melt Spinning Process

The correlation between ribbon thickness and the length of the melt puddle residing on the surface of a melt-spinning wheel was established for a Ni-base superalloy. Since the melt puddle length defines the solidification time in which a ribbon with a certain thickness is formed, the above correlation allowed a direct derivation of the propagation velocity of the solid-liquid interface. The solidification rate V (mm/s) so obtained as a function of ribbon thickness S (mm) is V = 3.54S−1. Further, the above solidification correlation was analyzed using heat transfer considerations to yield information about the ribbon-wheel interfacial thermal conductance, the solid-liquid interfacial temperature, and the local cooling rate through the ribbon thickness. These thermal results are compared to those deduced from the secondary dendrite arm spacing measurements. Finally, there is a discussion on the ribbon microstructure based on our rapid solidification kinetic result.
Dynamics of terrorism

There are important controversies over the dynamics of terrorism which have not yet been formally addressed in quantitative social research. We suggest a class of stochastic models for social contagion which may help to shed light on these controversies. Empirical estimates of model parameters were obtained from data on international terrorism in 16 countries over 1968–78. We find some evidence suggesting that the tendency of acts of terrorism to incite further violence is more easily reversed in less democratic, poorer, and less well-educated societies. This suggests that reversal of a terrorism ‘epidemic’ is more likely under conditions facilitating repression rather than reform, and that more open societies face particular difficulties in responding to terrorism effectively.
Multiscale Informatics for Low-Temperature Propane Oxidation: Further Complexities in Studies of Complex Reactions.

The present paper describes further development of the multiscale informatics approach to kinetic model formulation of Burke et al. (Burke, M. P.; Klippenstein, S. J.; Harding, L. B. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2013, 34, 547–555) that directly incorporates elementary kinetic theories as a means to provide reliable, physics-based extrapolation of kinetic models to unexplored conditions. Here, we extend and generalize the multiscale informatics strategy to treat systems of considerable complexity—involving multiwell reactions, potentially missing reactions, nonstatistical product branching ratios, and non-Boltzmann (i.e., nonthermal) reactant distributions. The methodology is demonstrated here for a subsystem of low-temperature propane oxidation, as a representative system for low-temperature fuel oxidation. A multiscale model is assembled and informed by a wide variety of targets that include ab initio calculations of molecular properties, rate constant measurements of isolated reactions, and complex systems meas...
Effects of acute exposure to deltamethrin and recovery time on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of the insecticide Decis Mega (DM; active substance deltamethrin 50 g.L(-1)) on common carp on the basis of haematological profile, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and histopathology. DESIGN Fish were exposed two concentrations of DM 6.56 μg.L(-1) (1DM) and 65.6 μg.L(-1) (2DM) for 96 h. Then the remaining fish were transferred into DM-free water for depuration for another period of 96 h. RESULTS Exposure to 1DM and 2DM proved effect on enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and on oxidative damage of cells in gills, liver and kidney (p<0.05, p<0.01). Exposure to 1DM showed differences (p<0.05, p<0.01) in hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood. Histopathological changes were observed after acute exposure to DM as well as to DM-free water in gills, liver and kidney. CONCLUSION This study concludes that deltamethrin has influence on the haematological parameters, activity of antioxidant enzymes and caused oxidative damage, and histopathological changes in the fish. However, antioxidant balance in the body was restored after placing the fish in clean water for 4 days, however, this time was not sufficient complete regeneration.
Dyschloremia Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients.

Introduction Dyschloremia is common in critically ill patients, although its impact has not been well studied. We investigated the epidemiology of dyschloremia and its associations with the incidence of acute kidney injury and other intensive care unit outcomes. Material and Methods This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study at Mayo Clinic Hospital—Rochester. All adult patients admitted to intensive care units from January 1st, 2006, through December 30th, 2012 were included. Patients with known acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease stage 5 before intensive care unit admission were excluded. We evaluated the association of dyschloremia with ICU outcomes, after adjustments for the effect of age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index and severity of illness score. Results A total of 6,025 patients were enrolled in the final analysis following the implementation of eligibility criteria. From the cohort, 1,970 patients (33%) developed acute kidney injury. Of the total patients enrolled, 4,174 had a baseline serum chloride. In this group, 1,530 (37%) had hypochloremia, and 257 (6%) were hyperchloremic. The incidence of acute kidney injury was higher in hypochloremic and hyperchloremic patients compared to those with a normal serum chloride level (43% vs.30% and 34% vs. 30%, respectively; P < .001). Baseline serum chloride was lower in the acute kidney injury group vs. the non-acute kidney injury group [100 mmol/L (96–104) vs. 102 mmol/L (98–105), P < .0001]. In a multivariable logistic regression model, baseline serum chloride of ≤94 mmol/L found to be independently associated with the risk of acute kidney injury (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.6; P = .01). Discussion Dyschloremia is common in critically ill patients, and severe hypochloremia is independently associated with an increased risk of development of acute kidney injury.
A rollout algorithm framework for heuristic solutions to finite-horizon stochastic dynamic programs

Abstract Rollout algorithms have enjoyed success across a variety of domains as heuristic solution procedures for stochastic dynamic programs (SDPs). However, because most rollout implementations are closely tied to specific problems, the visibility of advances in rollout methods is limited, thereby making it difficult for researchers in other fields to extract general procedures and apply them to different areas. We present a rollout algorithm framework to make recent advances in rollout methods more accessible to researchers seeking heuristic policies for large-scale, finite-horizon SDPs. We formalize rollout variants exploiting the pre- and post-decision state variables as a means of overcoming computational limitations imposed by large state and action spaces. We present a unified analytical discussion, generalizing results from the literature and introducing new results that relate the performance of the rollout variants to one another. Relative to the literature, our policy-based approach to presenting and proving results makes a closer connection to the underpinnings of dynamic programming. Finally, we illustrate our framework and analytical results via application to a dynamic and stochastic multi-compartment knapsack problem.
Microbiology of Processed Spices

The microbiology of spices procured by the Army, Navy, Marines and Air Force was determined. The incidence of Clostridium perfringens in the spices analyzed was 15%. The organism was found in 4 out of 7 types of spice and in 53% of the oregano samples. No other bacteria of public health significance were found. The microflora of spices from 10 different brands varied widely.
Cross-Domain Sentiment Analysis: An Empirical Investigation

Understanding the sentiment conveyed by a person is a crucial task in any social interaction. Moreover, it can be used to gain insight and understanding of views held by many people. Sentiment classification is not limited to human interaction, as text can also convey the sentiment of the author. Opinion mining in text is a long studied field in machine learning. This study focuses on two of the many text domains used in the field of sentiment analysis: reviews and tweets. In this study, we aim to determine the the effect of performing cross-domain sentiment classification using either reviews or tweets as training data. We conduct an empirical investigation using two tweet datasets and one review dataset, and three classifiers. We conduct 18 experiments, varying the training dataset, the classifier used to build the model, and the dataset used to evaluate the model built. Our results show that training with tweets, for both datasets, yields an effective classifier for reviews. However, the converse, using reviews to classify sentiment in tweets, has the worst performance of all models, producing AUC values ranging from 0.59 to 0.65. Our best model is generated using tweets to train a Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier, and using reviews to evaluate. Multinomial Naive Bayes was the best performing learner, producing the highest AUC in 5 out of the 6 combinations of training/test datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effects of cross-domain sentiment classification using tweets and reviews.
Transforming Professional Services to Build Regional Innovation Ecosystems

This book chapter seeks to expand the innovation ecosystems literature to focus on three themes. First, that a broader and deeper account of professional services is required to understand successful innovation ecosystems. Second, that attorneys have a central, yet bifurcated, presence in innovation ecosystems as either specialists or “targeted generalists." And third, that regional professional schools can play a central role in transforming professional services in local economies to provide the necessary innovation ecosystem that will allow (pre)industrial economies to evolve into knowledge economies.
Active microrheology determines scale-dependent material properties of Chaetopterus mucus.

We characterize the lengthscale-dependent rheological properties of mucus from the ubiquitous Chaetopterus marine worm. We use optically trapped probes (2–10 μm) to induce microscopic strains and measure the stress response as a function of oscillation amplitude. Our results show that viscoelastic properties are highly dependent on strain scale (l), indicating three distinct lengthscale-dependent regimes at l1 ≤4 μm, l2≈4–10 μm, and l3≥10 μm. While mucus response is similar to water for l1, suggesting that probes rarely contact the mucus mesh, the response for l2 is distinctly more viscous and independent of probe size, indicative of continuum mechanics. Only for l3 does the response match the macroscopic elasticity, likely due to additional stiffer constraints that strongly resist probe displacement. Our results suggest that, rather than a single lengthscale governing crossover from viscous to elastic, mucus responds as a hierarchical network with a loose biopolymer mesh coupled to a larger scaffold responsible for macroscopic gel-like mechanics.
ACC tutorial session proposal thermal and HVAC control systems: Challenges and opportunities

Modern energy systems for mobile (e.g. vehicles) and stationary systems (e.g. buildings) operate over multiple physical domains. The thermal energy domain is a critical one to consider for ensuring maximum system performance. Much of the waste energy in these systems is manifested as thermal energy and so managing/minimizing this is a critical component to performance. Additionally, thermal management is also critical for system safety. As evidenced by the recent Samsung Galaxy Note incidents, thermal management is critical. Should thermal management fail, the entire system can fail. In addition to the traditional thermal management components such as pumps and heat exchangers there is a current and increasing need to introduce advanced controls; both for safety and performance.
Survival, body weights, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of 7/8 White composite and 1/8 Duroc, 1/8 Meishan, 1/8 Fengjing, or 1/8 Minzhu Pigs

Pigs were the progeny of White Composite boars mated to gilts that were either 1/4 Duroc, 1/4 Meishan, 1/4 Fengjing, or 1/4 Minzhu and the remainder 3/4 White Composite. One-eighth Meishan and 1/8 Fengjing pigs averaged approximately .5 more nipples than 1/8 Duroc pigs and .2 more nipples than 1/8 Minzhu pigs (P .05) for survival at birth or at 14 and 28 d. Fengjing crosses had a lower survival rate (P .05) for BW, but both were heavier (P .05) among breed types. Duroc crosses were heavier (P .16) for measures of carcass fat thickness, marbling score, color score, and firmness score. At 184 d of age, weights of all carcass cuts were heavier (P < .05) for Duroc than for Chinese crosses with the exception of untrimmed loin weight of Minzhu crosses. There were few significant differences among breed types when carcass traits were compared at a constant carcass weight, although Duroc crosses generally were superior. Relative to similar Duroc crosses, these results suggest that 1/8 Chinese pigs would grow less rapidly (P < .05) and produce less weight of trimmed lean cuts at a constant carcass weight.
“You Make Me Want to Be a Better Man”: Courtly Values Revived in Modern Film

This chapter’s main title, “You Make Me Want to Be a Better Man”, is an unforgettable quotation from As Good As It Gets, the Jack Nicholson–Helen Hunt masterpiece (with Greg Kinnear). It occurs at about the midpoint in the 1997 film and Carol (played by Hunt) responds to Melvin (Nicholson) that it’s the best compliment she’s ever had in her life. As Roger Ebert quips: “It becomes clear that Melvin has been destined by the filmmakers to become a better man: First he accepts dogs, then children, then women, and finally even his gay neighbor.” Nevertheless, Melvin does change his ways and, under the influence of love, completely redirects his behavior. I explore courtly values in several contemporary movies, for example, Casablanca (1942), Roxanne (1987), Pretty Woman (1990), Beauty and the Beast (Disney 1991), Hercules (Disney 1997) Slumdog Millionaire (2008), and Tangled (2010). Hero/heroine saved through love and/or self-sacrifice are one guiding thread of my chapter; another focus is the “major personality shift” of the hero/heroine under the influence of love; a third theme is the “quest and rescue” of the beloved. My diverse sources (comparanda) reach back to Marie de France’s courtly lai, Lanval as well as to the ineffable motifs of troubadour love service and the joy and largess/generosity emblematic of St. Francis of Assisi.
ASCENDING AORTIC PSEUDOANEURYSM WITH COMPRESSION OF LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY

Compression of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) has been reported with pulmonary artery enlargement but rarely from aortic pathology. A 75-year-old man with history of mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR) with aortic conduit for severe aortic insufficiency underwent routine screening
Development and Validation of the Foundational Healthcare Leadership Self-assessment.

Background and objectives We sought to develop and validate a self-assessment of foundational leadership skills for early-career physicians. Methods We developed a leadership self-assessment from a compilation of materials on health care leadership skills. A sequential exploratory study was conducted using qualitative and quantitative analysis for face, content, and construct validity of the self-assessment. First, two focus groups were conducted with leaders in medicine and family medicine residents, to refine the pilot self-assessment. The self-assessment pilot was then tested with family medicine residents across the country, and the results were quantitatively evaluated with principal component analysis. This data was used to reduce and group the statements into leadership domains for the final self-assessment. Results Twenty-two invited family medicine residency programs agreed to distribute the survey. A total of 163 family medicine residents completed the survey, representing 16 to 20 residency programs from 12 states (response rate 28.9% to 34.8%). Analysis showed important differences by residency year, with more advanced residents scoring higher. The analysis reduced the number of items from 33 on the pilot assessment to 21 on the final assessment, which the authors titled the Foundational Healthcare Leadership Self-assessment (FHLS). The 21 items were grouped into five leadership domains: accountability, collaboration, communication, team management, and self-management. Conclusions The FHLS is a validated 21-item self-assessment of foundational leadership skills for early career physicians. It takes less than 5 minutes to complete, and quantifies skill within five domains of foundational leadership. The FHLS is a first step in developing educational and evaluative assessments for training medical residents as clinician leaders.
Terror by telephone: Normative anxieties around obscene calls in the 1960s

By 1967, telephone harassment complaints in the United States had hit an all-time high. Telephone companies, government officials, police, and media scrambled to make sense of and harness the surge in obscene calls. Such a phenomenon drew on the publics’ fears of an unknown and anonymous ‘pervert,’ which now had access to their private sphere through the technology of telephone calls. Previous research which had focused on obscenity laws and censorship with regards to cultural products, however neglects the gendered, sexual, and racialized implications of this historical episode of obscene calls. The discourse around obscene calls during the 1960s demonstrates that the telephone shifted from a technology of progress to a technology of ‘terror’ that delivered social anxieties around race, gender, and sexuality into the domestic sphere.
Preliminary Analysis of Quality-Related Specification Approach for Cracking on Low Volume Hot Mix Asphalt Roads

During the last twenty years, efforts have been made to implement performance-related specifications (PRS) for hot mix asphalt (HMA) construction in the United States. The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 9-22: Beta Testing and Validation of Hot Mix Asphalt Performance-Related Specifications created software using models similar to those in the interim American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). The program predicts an effective dynamic modulus (E*) parameter to determine information pertaining to major distress types. In this study fatigue cracking (bottom-up/alligator cracking) is analyzed. A predicted life difference (PLD) is then calculated between job mix formula (JMF) and as-built conditions, resulting in an assigned pay factor. In this study, a low volume HMA roadway in rural Rhode Island was analyzed using the volumetric-based models. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying asphalt contents, in-situ air void targets, and dust-to-asphalt ratios to evaluate their effects on fatigue cracking levels. The aim was to assess the suitability of the software as a tool for pay factor development in Rhode Island. Based on preliminary results, results are significantly sensitive to changes in JMF target in-situ air voids. Future considerations regarding pay factor development for low volume roadway projects include: added costs or savings as a result of implementation, the development of a more simplistic method of computing pay factors, and comparing results with pavement management system (PMS) information on other comparable flexible highway pavements in Rhode Island.
Mechanical Properties Testing of Running Shoes

Mechanical properties testing of running shoes was performed. Stress relaxation tests and energy absorbing tests were performed on excised samples and on unmodified shoes. The stress relaxation moduli for running shoe midsole materials ranged from 19 psi to 114 psi.
Heated tobacco product regulation under US law and the FCTC

Tobacco companies are marketing new ‘heated tobacco products’ (HTPs) composed of battery-powered holders, chargers and tobacco plugs or sticks. The non-tobacco HTP components have escaped effective regulation under many countries’ tobacco control laws because they are packaged and sold separately from the tobacco-containing components. In the USA, HTPs cannot be marketed unless the Food and Drug Administration determines that allowing their sale would be ‘appropriate for the protection of the public health’. Philip Morris International (PMI) is seeking permission to market its IQOS HTP in the USA with ‘modified risk tobacco product’ (MRTP) claims that it reduces exposure to harmful substances and is less harmful than other tobacco products. However, PMI has not submitted adequate scientific evidence required by US law to demonstrate that the product is significantly less harmful to users than other tobacco products, that its labelling would not mislead consumers, or that its marketing—with or without MRTP claims—would benefit the health of the population as a whole. Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) must take measures to reduce tobacco use and nicotine addiction, and prevent false or misleading tobacco product labelling, advertising and promotions; the introduction of new HTPs must be assessed according to these goals. All components of HTPs should be regulated at least as stringently as existing tobacco products, including restrictions on labelling, advertising, promotion and sponsorship, sales to minors, price and taxation policies and smokefree measures. There is nothing in US law or the FCTC that prevents authorities from prohibiting HTPs.
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Intraoperative Margin Assessment during Breast-Conserving Surgery.

Intraoperative margin assessment for breast cancer patients undergoing segmental mastectomy (SM) enables identification of positive margins, with immediate excision of additional tissue to obtain negative margins. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) to detect positive margins compared with an institution’s standard extensive processing (SEP). SM specimens underwent intraoperative SEP with two-dimensional (2D) imaging of the intact and sliced specimen, with review by a breast radiologist and gross assessment by a breast pathologist. Findings guided the surgeon to excise additional tissue. DBT images of intact specimens were prospectively obtained and retrospectively reviewed by a breast radiologist. A positive margin was defined as tumor at ink. Ninety-eight patients underwent 99 SMs. With SEP, 14 (14%) SM specimens had 19 positive margins. SEP did not detect 3 of the 19 positive margins, for a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 78%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 11%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99%. Moreover, DBT did not detect 5 of the 19 positive margins, for a sensitivity of 74% (p > 0.05), specificity of 91% (p < 0.05), PPV of 21.5%, and NPV of 99%. With SEP guidance to excise additional tissue, six cases had final positive margins, with SEP not identifying three of these cases and DBT not identifying two. Pathology from the second surgery of these patients showed either no additional malignancy or only focal ductal carcinoma in situ. DBT is an accurate method for detecting positive margins in breast cancer patients undergoing SM, performing similar to institutional labor-intensive, intraoperative standard processing.
Multiple-Group Invariance with Categorical Outcomes Using Updated Guidelines: An Illustration Using Mplus and the lavaan/semTools Packages

Meaningful comparisons of means or relationships between latent constructs across groups require evidence that measurement is equivalent across the studied groups– a property known as measurement e...
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: A short review of clinical aspects

This report reviews the historical developments leading to recognition of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. It briefly summarized the rationale why the upper airway becomes at risk of collapsibility during sleep. It also reviews the complaints that vary with age. It emphasizes points of the examination that must be systematically look for. The report reviews the variables to monitor, to look for, and to be analyzed, and patterns not often looked at but that disturb sleep and lead to complaints and symptoms in sleep polysomnography.
Decoding pluripotency: Genetic screens to interrogate the acquisition, maintenance, and exit of pluripotency

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to unlimitedly self-renew and differentiate to any somatic cell lineage. A number of systems biology approaches have been used to define this pluripotent state. Complementary to systems level characterization, genetic screens offer a unique avenue to functionally interrogate the pluripotent state and identify the key players in pluripotency acquisition and maintenance, exit of pluripotency, and lineage differentiation. Here we review how genetic screens have helped us decode pluripotency regulation. We will summarize results from RNA interference (RNAi) based screens, discuss recent advances in CRISPR/Cas-based genetic perturbation methods, and how these advances have made it possible to more comprehensively interrogate pluripotency and differentiation through genetic screens. Such investigations will not only provide a better understanding of this unique developmental state, but may enhance our ability to use pluripotent stem cells as an experimental model to study human development and disease progression. Functional interrogation of pluripotency also provides a valuable roadmap for utilizing genetic perturbation to gain systems level understanding of additional cellular states, from later stages of development to pathological disease states. This article is categorized under: Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates.
Utilizing Digital Health Technologies for Patient Education in Lifestyle Medicine

Technology has redefined the way patients and providers communicate and obtain health information. The realm of digital health encompasses a diverse set of technologies, including mobile health, health information technology, wearable devices, telehealth and telemedicine, and personalized medicine. These technologies have begun to improve care delivery without the traditional constraints of distance, location, and time. A growing body of evidence supports the use of digital health technology for improving patient education and implementation of skills and behaviors integral to lifestyle medicine. Patient education can now be delivered in standard formats (eg, articles, written messages) as well a wide array of multimedia (video, audio, interactive games, etc), which may be more appropriate for certain topics and learning styles. In addition, patient engagement in their care plays an important role in improving health outcomes. Despite digital health technology development often outpacing its research, there is sufficient evidence to support the use of many current technologies in clinical practice. Digital health tools will continue to grow in their ability to cost-effectively monitor and encourage healthy behaviors at scale, and better methods of evaluation will likely increase clinician confidence in their use.
Fast food, beverage, and snack brands on social media in the United States: An examination of marketing techniques utilized in 2000 brand posts.

BACKGROUND Exposure to food advertisements is associated with poor diet among youth, and food and beverage companies are increasingly advertising on social media sites that are popular among youth. OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of social media advertising among fast food, beverage, and snack companies and examine advertising techniques they use on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and Vine. METHODS We quantified the increase in the creation of social media accounts from 2007 to 2016 among 200 fast food, beverage, and snack brands from the United States. We conducted content analyses to examine the marketing themes and healthfulness of products featured in 2000 posts from a subset of 20 brands and used multilevel regression to assess associations between marketing themes (eg, adolescents socializing) and interactive tools (eg, hashtags). RESULTS Two hundred brands collectively managed 568 accounts in 2016. Content analyses revealed that unique social media features (eg, geo-tags) appeared in 74.5% (n = 1489) of posts, and 31.5% (n = 630) were interactive. Posts featuring adolescents were more likely to be interactive than posts featuring adults (P < 0.001). Two-thirds (67.9%; n = 362) of foods shown were unhealthy, and 61.2% (n = 435) of beverages were sugar sweetened. CONCLUSIONS Social media food advertising is pervasive and uses interactive tools to engage with users.