cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theory-of-mind-related neural activity for one’s romantic partner predicts partner well-being

Healthy social relationships are linked to myriad positive physical and mental health outcomes, raising the question of how to enhance relationship formation and quality. Behavioral data suggest that theory of mind (ToM) may be one such process. ToM is supported by a network of brain regions including the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus (PC). However, little research has investigated how the ToM network supports healthy social relationships. Here, we investigate whether recruitment of the ToM network when thinking about the mental states of one's romantic partner predicts the partner's well-being. We find that selectivity in left TPJ (LTPJ) and PC for beliefs vs physical attributes of one's partner is positively associated with partner well-being the day of and day after a meaningful encounter. Furthermore, LTPJ and PC selectivity moderated how the partner's perception of being understood during the encounter affected their later well-being. Finally, we find the association between ToM-related neural selectivity and well-being robust to other factors related to the relationship and the encounter. Together, these data suggest that selective engagement of the neural network supporting ToM may be a key ingredient for the development and maintenance of healthy romantic relationships.
Use of the second-generation antipsychotic, risperidone, and secondary weight gain are associated with an altered gut microbiota in children.

The atypical antipsychotic risperidone (RSP) is often associated with weight gain and cardiometabolic side effects. The mechanisms for these adverse events are poorly understood and, undoubtedly, multifactorial in etiology. In light of growing evidence implicating the gut microbiome in the host's energy regulation and in xenobiotic metabolism, we hypothesized that RSP treatment would be associated with changes in the gut microbiome in children and adolescents. Thus, the impact of chronic (>12 months) and short-term use of RSP on the gut microbiome of pediatric psychiatrically ill male participants was examined in a cross-sectional and prospective (up to 10 months) design, respectively. Chronic treatment with RSP was associated with an increase in body mass index (BMI) and a significantly lower ratio of Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes as compared with antipsychotic-naive psychiatric controls (ratio=0.15 vs 1.24, respectively; P<0.05). Furthermore, a longitudinal observation, beginning shortly after onset of RSP treatment, revealed a gradual decrease in the Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio over the ensuing months of treatment, in association with BMI gain. Lastly, metagenomic analyses were performed based on extrapolation from 16S ribosomal RNA data using the software package, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Those data indicate that gut microbiota dominating the RSP-treated participants are enriched for pathways that have been implicated in weight gain, such as short-chain fatty acid production.
Regulation of prostaglandin H synthase 2 expression in human monocytes by the marine natural products manoalide and scalaradial. Novel effects independent of inhibition of lipid mediator production.

Abstract The marine natural products manoalide and scalaradial are potent anti-inflammatory agents that inactivate the enzyme phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) in vitro . To study the mechanism of inhibition of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production in human monocytes by manoalide and scalaradial, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis and induction of prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) were evaluated. LPS (10 ng/mL) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 50–1000 ng/mL) but not tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα, 300 ng/mL) induced the expression of the PGHS-2 isoform as determined by immunoblot analysis with a specific polyclonal antibody for PGHS-2. Manoalide and scalaradial (1–10 μM) inhibited LPS-induced endogeneous PGE 2 production, reduced the LPS-induced PGHS activity, and reduced the expression of PGHS-2. Indomethacin [a PGHS inhibitor (0.01 to 0.1 μM)], zileuton [a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (3–10 μM)], and WEB-2806 [a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist (30 μM)] did not affect the LPS-induced expression of PGHS-2 in human monocytes. These results suggest that modulation of lipid mediator production by manoalide or scalaradial may not be involved in the observed effects on the expression of PGHS-2. Manoalide and scalaradial also inhibited the release of IL-1β and TNFa from LPS-stimulated monocytes. Expression of PGHS-2 induced by either LPS or IL-1β was blocked by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 2 μg/mL) but not by rolipram, a phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor that inhibits TNFα but not IL-1β release. Similar to LPS, IL-1β-induced PGHS-2 expression was apparently not regulated by lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes or PAF as determined with specific inhibitors and antagonists. Scalaradial and to some extent manoalide were capable of blocking the IL-1β-induced expression of PGHS-2. These results indicate that IL-1β is the predominant cytokine responsible for the induction of PGHS-2 in the human monocyte. Furthermore, marine natural products such as scalaradial have novel effects on the IL-1β-mediated induction of PGHS-2 in human monocytes, which appears to be independent of effects on lipid mediator production.
Ontological design

In this paper, we describe the concept of ontological design. We show how ontologies can be used as cognitive maps of complex, ill-structured, plastic problems. They can be used to concisely encapsulate the core logic of a problem. From it one can also derive a closed set of a very large number of natural language descriptions of a problem. The ontologies can be plastic but at the same time systematic, repeatable, and extensible. They can be used to map the gaps between the states-of-the-art, -practice, and - need. Knowing the gaps strategies can be designed to bridge them. Thus, ontological design is a method of logical analysis, synthesis of research and practical knowledge, its interpretation, and application to the design of solutions to complex, ill-structured, and plastic problems. We illustrate ontological design in the context of eHealth.
The Ocean General Circulation and Climate

The structure and circulation of the global ocean is described here. The equation of state that relates ocean density to salinity, temperature, and pressure is presented. A mixed layer of the ocean and processes that maintain it are described. The surface wind stress and resulting surface ocean currents are described. Basic theory for the wind-driven circulation, Ekman layer dynamics, and Sverdrup flow are derived. The processes that transport heat poleward in the ocean are described.
Comparative Analyses of Brookhaven National Laboratory Nuclear Decay Measurements and Super-Kamiokande Solar Neutrino Measurements: Neutrinos and Neutrino-Induced Beta-Decays as Probes of the Deep Solar Interior

An experiment carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory over a period of almost 8 years acquired 364 measurements of the beta-decay rates of a sample of ${}^{32}\mbox{Si}$ and, for comparison, of a sample of ${}^{36}\mbox{Cl}$ . The experimenters reported finding “small periodic annual deviations of the data points from an exponential decay … of uncertain origin”. We find that power-spectrum and spectrogram analyses of these datasets show evidence not only of the annual oscillations, but also of transient oscillations with frequencies near 11 year−1 and 12.5 year−1. Similar analyses of 358 measurements of the solar neutrino flux acquired by the Super-Kamiokande neutrino observatory over a period of about 5 years yield evidence of an oscillation near 12.5 year−1 and another near 9.5 year−1. An oscillation near 12.5 year−1 is compatible with the influence of rotation of the radiative zone. We suggest that an oscillation near 9.5 year−1 may be indicative of rotation of the solar core, and that an oscillation near 11 year−1 may have its origin in a tachocline between the core and the radiative zone. Modulation of the solar neutrino flux may be attributed to an influence of the Sun’s internal magnetic field by the Resonant Spin Flavor Precession (RSFP) mechanism, suggesting that neutrinos and neutrino-induced beta decays can provide information about the deep solar interior.
What about false insights? Deconstructing the Aha! experience along its multiple dimensions for correct and incorrect solutions separately.

The subjective Aha! experience that problem solvers often report when they find a solution has been taken as a marker for insight. If Aha! is closely linked to insightful solution processes based on representational change, then theoretically, an Aha! should only be experienced when the correct solution is found. However, little work has explored whether the Aha! experience can also accompany incorrect solutions (“false insights”). Similarly, although the Aha! experience is not a unitary construct, little work has explored the different dimensions that have been proposed as its constituents. To address these gaps in the literature, 70 participants were presented with a set of difficult problems (37 magic tricks), and rated each of their solutions for Aha! as well as with regard to Suddenness in the emergence of the solution, Certainty of being correct, Surprise, Pleasure, Relief, and Drive. Solution times were also used as predictors for the Aha! experience. This study reports three main findings: First, false insights exist. Second, the Aha! experience is multidimensional and consists of the key components Pleasure, Suddenness and Certainty. Third, although Aha! experiences for correct and incorrect solutions share these three common dimensions, they are also experienced differently with regard to magnitude and quality, with correct solutions emerging faster, leading to stronger Aha! experiences, and higher ratings of Pleasure, Suddenness, and Certainty. Solution correctness proffered a slightly different emotional coloring to the Aha! experience, with the additional perception of Relief for correct solutions, and Surprise for incorrect ones. These results cast some doubt on the assumption that the occurrence of an Aha! experience can serve as a definitive signal that a true insight (an insightful solution based on representational change) has taken place. On the other hand, the quantitative and qualitative differences in the experience of correct and incorrect solutions demonstrate that the Aha! experience is not a mere epiphenomenon. Strong Aha! experiences are clearly, but not exclusively linked to true insight.
A Village School and Community Development in a Rhodesian Tribal Trust Land.

This article presents and analyses a case history collected from one community in a Rhodesian tribal trust land, with special reference to the village school as a factor in social change.1 In particular it deals with those aspects of social change which find prominence in contemporary schemes of community development. These include, among other things, such items as the local realignment of power, authority and influence, the reorientation of values, aspirations and expectations, and the training of individuals for the new roles that these changes produce.
Selective Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 and Idiopathic Late-Onset Cerebellar Ataxia.

Purpose To determine cognitive impairment patterns in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) compared to patients with idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxia (ILOCA). Methods Neurocognitive testing was conducted on 21 SCA6, nine ILOCA, and 27 controls subjects. Intergroup differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-ranked test or Student's t-test. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on nine cognitive variables, and Hotelling's T-squared test assessed group-specific differences. Pearson's correlations assessed changes in cognitive performance and disease progression. Intra-group differences among SCA6 were examined in a post-hoc analysis. Results SCA6 and ILOCA patients showed impairment in visuo-spatial executive function, phonemic verbal fluency, and semantic-verb word generation. ILOCA showed impairment in mental flexibility/response inhibition, verbal learning, semantic-noun verbal fluency, and forward numerical working memory. Within the first three principal components, SCA6 and ILOCA differed from controls and from each other. Verbal working and immediate visuo-spatial memory correlated with disease duration for SCA6. For ILOCA, Mini-Mental Status Exam and RCF copy correlated with disease duration. Conclusion Differing patterns of cognitive dysfunction were seen in SCA6 and ILOCA. PCA suggested that distinct SCA6 subgroups may exist, SCA61 with significant ILOCA overlap in several cognitive deficits, and SCA62 showing deficits in visuo-spatial performance only.
Structure-Guided Development of a Potent and Selective Non-covalent Active-Site Inhibitor of USP7

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have garnered significant attention as drug targets in the last 5-10 years. The excitement stems in large part from the powerful ability of DUB inhibitors to promote degradation of oncogenic proteins, especially proteins that are challenging to directly target but which are stabilized by DUB family members. Highly optimized and well-characterized DUB inhibitors have thus become highly sought after tools. Most reported DUB inhibitors, however, are polypharmacological agents possessing weak (micromolar) potency toward their primary target, limiting their utility in target validation and mechanism studies. Due to a lack of high-resolution DUB⋅small-molecule ligand complex structures, no structure-guided optimization efforts have been reported for a mammalian DUB. Here, we report a small-molecule⋅ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family DUB co-structure and rapid design of potent and selective inhibitors of USP7 guided by the structure. Interestingly, the compounds are non-covalent active-site inhibitors.
A high throughput method for measuring cloth-air equilibrium distribution ratios for SVOCs present in indoor environments.

Abstract Accumulation of chemicals from the environment to clothing and other textiles can influence human uptake by several exposure routes. In this research, we demonstrate that the cloth-air equilibrium distribution ratio for species i, KCA_i, can be measured relatively easily and quickly using headspace analysis of cloth dosed with two common indoor air SVOCs, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP). A known mass of a phthalate was applied to the cloth in a volatile solvent carrier. After evaporation of the solvent, the cloth was placed in a vial and allowed to equilibrate with the air in the vial. Since the volume of headspace air is small, the total mass required to transfer from cloth to air is small and also the time required for air equilibration with the fabric surface is very short (minutes). Distribution ratios for the two phthalate esters sorbed to cotton jean material, reported as the concentration in the bulk cloth divided by the air concentration, were measured at 20, 25, 32, and 40 °C. The volume-normalized distribution ratio, Kvol [(μg/m3)/(μg/m3)], ranged from (0.75 ± 0.01)× 105 to (5.6 ± 0.2) × 105 for DEP and (5 ± 0.3)× 105 to (57 ± 1) × 105 for DnBP. Mass-normalized distribution ratio, Kmass [m3/g], ranged from (0.25 ± 0.01) to (1.8 ± 0.1) for DEP and (1.6 ± 0.1) to (18.5 ± 0.5) for DnBP. The cloth-air distribution ratios obtained from this study compare favorably with previously published results using other methods. Although equilibration with air in the headspace can be rapid, diffusion into the textile fibers is a slower equilibration process. Overall, this simple method has the potential to rapidly generate distribution ratios for a large number of chemical-textile pairs.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Associates Independently With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis.

Background & Aims The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker of immune dysregulation in patients with cirrhosis and is inexpensive to measure. We investigated the association between NLR and mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis at 4 liver transplant centers, controlling for severity of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Methods We performed a retrospective study using data from the North American Consortium for the Study of End-stage Liver Disease on patients with index hospitalizations for cirrhosis from December 2011 through December 2016. We collected data on patient demographics, NLR, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores, serum levels of Na, cirrhosis stages, infections, hepatocellular carcinomas, and ACLF severity (based on number of organ failures). Competing risk regression analysis evaluated mortality within 1 year after hospital discharge, accounting for competing events (liver transplant). Results At admission, the patients' mean age was 57 years, mean MELD score was 21, and mean serum level of Na was 134 mmol/L. Sixty-eight patients had no organ failure, 21 patients had 2 organ failures, 7 patients had 2 organ failures, 4 patients had 3 organ failures, and 1 patient had 4 organ failures; 36% of the patients had confirmed or suspected infections. In in univariate models, risk of death associated with increasing NLR, up to a value of 8 (hazard ratio [HR]= 1.14; 95% CI 1.07–1.20; P 5–9, HR=2.46; for NLR quartile >9, HR=2.84 vs the lowest quartile [NLR P ≤ .001). The NLR remained statistically significant in multivariable models, adjusting for age, MELD score, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ACLF severity. Additionally, NLR was a statistically significant independent predictor of length of index hospital stay and mortality within 90 days after discharge. Conclusion In a retrospective analysis of patients with cirrhosis, we found NLR to associate with death within 1 year after non-elective hospitalization. In these patients, the risk of death associated with acute immune dysregulation persists long after their initial hospitalization.
Improved de novo sequencing of heparin/heparan sulfate oligosaccharides by propionylation of sites of sulfation

The structure of heparin and heparan sulfate (Hep/HS) oligosaccharides, as determined by the length and the pattern of sulfation, acetylation, and uronic acid epimerization, dictates their biological function through modulating interactions with protein targets. But fine structural determination is a very challenging task due to the lability of the sulfate modifications and difficulties in separating isomeric HS chains. Previously, we reported a strategy for chemical derivatization involving permethylation, desulfation, and trideuteroperacetylation, combined with standard reverse phase LC-MS/MS that enables the structural sequencing for heparin/HS oligosaccharides of sizes up to dodecasaccharide by positionally replacing all sulfates with more stable trideuteroacetyl groups, allowing for robust MS/MS sequencing. However, isomeric oligosaccharides that contain both N-sulfation and N-acetylation become isotopomers after labeling, differing only in the sites of deuteration. This prevents chromatographic separation of these different mixed domain sequences post-derivatization, and makes sequencing by MS/MS difficult due to co-fragmentation of the isotopomers leading to chimeric product ion spectra. In order to improve chromatographic separation of mixed domain oligosaccharides, we have introduced a propionylation step in place of trideuteroacetylation for labeling of sites of sulfation. HS standard disaccharides have been used to evaluate the efficiency of this improved chemical derivatization. The results show that we can quantitatively replace sulfation with propionyl groups with the same high efficiency as the previously reported trideuteroacetylation. After derivatization, we demonstrate the ability to chromatographically separate two mixed domain tetrasaccharide isomers differing solely by the order of N-sulfation and N-acetylation, allowing for full sequencing of each by MS/MS. These results represent a marked improvement in the ability of our previously reported derivatization strategy to analyze complex mixtures of Hep/HS oligosaccharides without a decrease in sensitivity.
Abdominal insufflation decreases blood loss without worsening the inflammatory response: implications for prehospital control of internal bleeding.

Abdominal insufflation (AI) by carbon dioxide has been shown to decrease the rate of bleeding in different swine models of abdominal organ injuries. With development of appropriate tools, AI could ...
Methods for Assessing Network Reliability

With increasing dependence on networks to conduct business, the issue of net-work reliability has never been more critical. In this paper, we discuss various methods for estimating the reliability of networks under various assumptions. We use several techniques depending on the information available on the network, including Bayesian inference and neural networks.
Long-term stability of dithionite in alkaline anaerobic aqueous solution

Abstract Closed-system experiments were conducted to investigate the decomposition of sodium dithionite in aqueous solutions under varying pH and starting concentrations to simulate the deployment of dithionite as an in-situ redox barrier. Co-determination of dithionite and its degradation products was conducted using UV–Vis spectrometry, iodometric titration, and ion chromatography. In unbuffered solutions, dithionite reacted rapidly, whereas in near-neutral solutions (pH ∼7), it persisted for ∼ 50 days and in alkaline solution (pH ∼9.5) for >100 days. These are the longest lifetimes reported to date, which we attribute to not only excluding oxygen but also preventing outgassing of H2S. Thoroughly constraining the reaction products has led to the following hypothesized reaction: 4 S2O42− + H2O → HS− + SO32−+2 SO42− + S4O62− + H+ which represents relatively rapid degradation at near-neutral pH values. At the more alkaline pH, and over longer time scales, the reaction is best represented by: 3 S2O42− + 3 H2O → 2HS- + SO32−+3 SO42−+ 4 H+ the following kinetic rate law was developed for the pH range studied: dC i dt = S i 10 − 4.81 { H + } 0.24 { S 2 O 4 2 - } , where dC i dt is the rate of change of the i t h chemical component in the simplified equation (mole L−1 s−1) and Si is the stoichiometric coefficient of the ith chemical. The kinetic rate law was used to calculate a pseudo first order half-life of 10.7 days for near-neutral pH and 33.6 days for alkaline pH. This work implies that if hydrogen sulfide is contained within the system, such as in the case of a confined aquifer below the water table, dithionite decomposes more slowly in alkaline aqueous solution than previously thought, and thus it may be more cost-effectively distributed in aquifers than has been previously assumed.
23.4 A 512GB 1.1V Managed DRAM Solution with 16GB ODP and Media Controller

While the fast-growing big-data and cloud-computing markets are driving demand for server-oriented high-capacity memory, the high costs and high-power consumption due these high capacities can be major problems when building a server. In this situation, a high-capacity 512GB managed DRAM solution (MDS), bigger than any DIMM currently available, can be a good alternative. Despite such a large capacity, MDS has a price competitiveness due to 26% higher dies per wafer than a conventional dram, and uses 12W of power, which is similar to existing LRDIMM solutions that have a smaller density.
Black triangles: Preventing their occurrence, managing them when prevention is not practical

Abstract The interdental papilla is very important for an aesthetic smile. Black triangles are defined as the embrasures cervical to the interproximal contact that are not filled by gingival tissue. These spaces are the most negatively ranked gingival factor by laypeople. Management of black triangles requires high quality diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach must be considered mandatory to achieve a successful clinical outcome. Much of what is applicable is born from severely complicated periodontal regeneration and implant therapy. This review covers the multifactorial etiology and the management of black triangles.
Galactic gamma-ray astrophysics with VERITAS

Abstract The Galaxy contains a small but quite significant population of highly energetic denizens: supernova remnants with fast shocks, pulsars with powerful winds, intensely-interacting binary systems built from a compact object and a massive star. All of these environments conspire to generate non-thermal populations of particles, and radiation produced by these particles is gradually revealing the methods by which Nature accelerates cosmic rays, as well as the ways in which those cosmic rays escape and diffuse into the interstellar medium. In this talk, we discuss advances in our understanding of these environments and processes provided by recent results from VERITAS, an array of ground-based imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes located at the Whipple Observatory in southern Arizona and sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range from 85 GeV to > 30 TeV. These results include studies of cosmic-ray acceleration in the supernova remnants Cassiopeia A and IC 443, as well as the remarkable Fall 2017 periastron passage of VER J2032+4127, the binary system containing PSR J2032+4127 and the Be star MT91 213 with a 50-year period.
Abstract 757: β-arrestin-Biased β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Mediates Novel Mechanisms of Cardiomyocyte Contractility

During heart failure, chronically decreased cardiac output can be treated with positive inotropes, but classic inotropes such as β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonists that increase cAMP-dependent Ca...
Survivin Is Required for Terminal Differentiation of Erythroid Cells as Well as for the Proliferation and/or Survival of Hematopoietic Progenitors.

Survivin, the smallest member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, is expressed in proliferating cells, including fetal tissues, T-lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitors. Survivin is also highly overexpressed in a wide spectrum of human cancers. Numerous studies have implicated survivin as a key mediator of the spindle assembly checkpoint and cytokinesis, while others have suggested an additional role as an inhibitor of apoptosis. In order to precisely examine the role of survivin in hematopoiesis in vivo, we induced acute deletion of the survivin gene in mice harboring either heterozygous or homozygous floxed alleles of survivin and the MX1-Cre transgene with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pI-pC). Complete loss of survivin in homozygous floxed, MX1-Cre animals resulted in rapid death, which was associated with near total ablation of the bone marrow and marked hypocellularity of the spleen. The peripheral blood of these mutants displayed pancytopenia, including reticulocytopenia, and the presence of abnormal erythrocytes. Hematopoietic progenitors were markedly decreased, including c-kit+ cells, as well as CD71hiTer119hi erythroid precursors. Analysis of the cell cycle parameters revealed that a significant proportion of erythroid progenitors accumulated in G1, while others became polyploid. These defects could not be rescued by overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, consistent with a primary function of survivin in cell cycle progression. Bone marrow transplantation studies further confirmed that there exists a cell autonomous requirement for survivin in hematopoietic progenitors. Surprisingly, acute heterozygous deletion of survivin led to defects in erythropoiesis in approximately 20% of the animals. Upon pI-pC treatment, affected survivin heterozygous floxed mice with the MX1-Cre transgene exhibited a striking decrease in CD71−Ter119hi cells at the terminal stages of maturation. Morphological analysis of erythroid cells from neonatal spleens of these affected mice revealed a dramatic reduction in enucleated erythrocytes in the CD71−Ter119hi population compared to control animals. In addition, the majority of these erythroid cells were megaloblastic, with less condensed nuclear chromatin and nuclear-cytoplasmic dysynchrony. These observations suggest that there is a dose dependence for survivin. We predict that haploinsufficiency of survivin specifically affects “differentiation divisions” that occur concomitant with terminal maturation of red blood cells. Taken together, we show that homozygous deletion of survivin results in a dramatic loss of hematopoietic progenitors and rapid death, while heterozygous deletion leads to a selective defect in red blood cell development.
Wie tötet man einen Weißen Wanderer

Valyrischer Stahl kann kurzen Prozess mit einem Weisen Wanderer machen, doch es gibt nicht mehr viele Valyrische Stahlklingen in Westeros. Dies ist ein echtes Problem fur ganz Westeros, vor allem, wenn der Winter kommt und mit ihm die Probleme aus dem Norden. Samwell Tarly hatte das Gluck, durch Zufall herauszufinden, dass auch Drachenglas Weise Wanderer toten kann.
Pain prevention and management must begin in childhood: the key role of psychological interventions.

Pain conditions in childhood often continue into adulthood. Childhood chronic pain is related to a range of vulnerabilities that may have contributed to the onset of childhood pain or that may co-occur as a consequence of childhood pain. These vulnerabilities have been shown to maintain pain and disability during childhood but may also contribute to long-term developmental and health impairments that affect adult life. If progress is to be made in reducing the impact of pain and disability through the lifespan, greater efforts need to be directed toward understanding why, for whom, and how pain occurring in childhood affects subsequent adult pain and health. In this review, a developmental framework is applied to link childhood pain to adult pain highlighting childhood vulnerabilities (emotional, health behavior, social/family, and neurobiological) that may represent pathways for interventions in childhood to interrupt this trajectory. Psychological interventions can play a key role in addressing childhood pain and vulnerabilities associated with risk for maladaptive adult outcomes. The review summarizes the evidence base for the effectiveness of psychological interventions for childhood chronic pain and identifies gaps and opportunities to further develop and test early targeted interventions in childhood to reduce childhood chronic pain as well as build resiliency to promote positive adult outcomes. A future research agenda is delineated including the need for longitudinal cohort studies from childhood into adulthood and testing of both targeted early intervention to reduce risk and build resiliency to enhance long-term adult pain, health, developmental, and social outcomes.
Vestige of Zion: Mormonism in Utah

Recent work in the social scientific study of Mormonism is disproportionately focused on the international expansion of the church. This research agenda was energized in the 1980s when Rodney Stark, an eminent sociologist of religion, examined rapid membership growth within the church and projected these rates a century into the future. Stark declared that the LDS Church was an incipient world religion, and likely to have 280 million members by 2080. Mormon church growth has fallen short of Stark’s projections, and the pace of Mormon growth has slowed. But despite this, a research agenda focusing on the international church, with an emphasis on its growth and growing pains, was established. This agenda has been central to the social scientific study of the institutional church ever since.
Data Scientist as the New Essential Role

Abstract Data Science is the practice of extracting knowledge from massive amount of data, using methods such as statistics, machine learning, data mining, and predictive analytics. This discipline is revolutionizing the way organizations solves problems gain competitive advantage. Having data as the new natural resources in the near future will require expertise in mining the data and utilize it to organization benefit.
Distributed Optimal Scheduling in UAV Swarm Network

In this paper, we focus on the tasks scheduling problem in UAV swarm network with power constraint on each UAV. To do so, we propose a distributed optimal scheduling algorithm to achieve optimal task allocation for UAVs with limited power constraint. Our algorithm does not require any prior knowledge of each UAV's state. Hence, each UAV can make its own decision on performing the tasks. The design of our algorithm is enabled by the stochastic network optimization and distributed correlated scheduling. We demonstrate the optimum of our algorithm through theoretical analysis and simulations.
Host-virus interaction in ribonucleic acid bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli. I. Location of "late" MS2-specific ribonucleic acid synthesis.

When actinomycin-treated, MS2-infected Escherichia coli are labeled during a brief period later than 16 min after infection, the newly synthesized MS2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) appears first in the 30,000 x g sediment, probably bound to fragments of bacterial membranes, since the radioactivity can be released from the sediment with deoxycholate or urea. With longer labeling times, radioactivity also appears in the 30,000 x g supernatant fluid. While on the membrane, the RNA is organized into particles with sedimentation coefficients of 40, 32, and 27S in the presence of low Mg2+. In the presence of high Mg+, MS2-specific RNA is found in polyribosomes. These data are interpreted to mean that MS2-specific RNA is synthesized and organized into larger structures on membrane. More than 8 min of labeling is required before radioactivity is found in the 81S virion which appears in the supernatant fluid.
Taxes, Estate Planning and Financial Theory: New Insights and Perspectives

We examine how financial theory and economic principles offer guidance and predictions about the organization of investments and asset allocation decisions given the structure of taxes in estate - planning situations. We provide insight about many of the conventional approaches to estate planning and suggest how these strategies can be enhanced. For example, we show that the advantage of the reset provision by which the investor's capital gains tax bases are adjusted to the market value at the time of death is greater in the presence of individual rather than joint ownership of assets, provided that at the first death of one of the joint owners the basis is reset to an average of the date of death value and the survivor's original cost. We analyze asset location and distribution policies in the context of trusts that are outside of the taxable estate of its principal beneficiary as well as direct funds owned by the beneficiary, highlighting the interaction between estate taxation and the reset of the capital gains tax basis at death. We compare the optimal decisions for traditional tax-deferred accounts and after-tax ("Roth") IRAs. Finally, we also examine the value and importance of borrowing in various contexts in estate planning.
Suicide Terrorism - Opportunistic Tactic or Strategic Campaign?

Over the last ten years scholars have examined the phenomenon of suicide attacks and offered hypotheses that emphasize the qualitatively different nature of its various manifestations. One of the main arguments is that suicide attacks are strategic by nature. They are executed mostly by national liberation groups seeking to coerce foreign (democratic) occupying forces to withdraw from the homeland. Lately however, we have seen the proliferation of suicide attacks in states such as Iraq, Afghanistan and the tribal regions of Pakistan. Many of these areas cannot be defined as occupied by foreign forces. These attacks typically been directed against local targets and in many cases in environments that do not provide the ‘high visibility’ and signaling capacity. Suicide attacks have also been observed to occur in parallel with other ‘conventional’ types of attacks such as car bombings and gun attacks. These developments call for a re-examination of the ‘strategic logic of suicide attacks’. In the paper we will pose the question: Should suicide attacks be seen as an opportunistic tactic rather than an outcome of a highly organized campaign? We have constructed two comprehensive databases of suicide attacks worldwide and collapsed this with data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) for the years 1998-2008. From this consolidated database, we have constructed a ranked list of terrorist groups in descending order of suicide terror attacks. Analyzing the attack data for each of these groups by year and month, we find that suicide attacks are significantly interspersed (in time) with non-suicide attacks. These findings suggest that Suicide attacks are one tactic among many used by terrorist groups. A further analysis of this data by target type shows that a significant number of suicide attacks have been directed against military targets rather than civilian ones. The totality of these findings suggests that Suicide attacks are a set of opportunistic tactics used in conjunction with other conventional tactics in pursuit of a diverse set of goals. In the next stage of our research, we propose to examine whether the military and civilian targets are local as opposed to foreign. We begin by examining the cases of Iraq and Pakistan and suggest a framework for future research that examines whether the targets of suicide attacks are local sectarian or ethnic rivals rather than armed occupiers. A finding of this nature would call into the question the theory that suicide attacks are primarily used against foreign occupation.
The effectiveness of redesigning college algebra with a heavy focus on instructional technology

Low success rates in college algebra have been an ongoing problem, and mathematics education researchers have continually looked for ways to improve student performance and learning (Aichele, Francisco, Utley, & Wescoatt, 2011; Gordon, 2008; Thompson & McCann, 2010; Twigg, 2011). This study examined the effectiveness of the pilot semester, spring 2012, of a technology-intensive course redesign of college algebra as compared to a traditional lecture approach at a mid-sized, diverse, urban university in the Midwest. Final exam performance was the main measure for assessing student learning outcomes and for testing thirteen hypotheses; DFW rate, the proportion of students withdrawing or earning a grade of D or F, was used for testing one hypothesis. Between the two instruction types, the researcher used a quasi-experimental study to compare overall performance on the final exam, performance on the conceptual and procedural questions of the final exam, performance on the individual questions of the final exam, and DFW rates in the course. Overall final exam performance was also compared within each gender, between genders, within two races/ethnicities, and between races/ethnicities. Additionally, performance on the conceptual and procedural questions was compared within each gender and within two races/ethnicities. Final exams were taken by 170 students, 73 students in the redesign approach and 97 students in the traditional approach. T-tests, analyses of covariance, and two-proportion z-tests were used to investigate the hypotheses. In most hypotheses, there were no statistically significant differences between the two types of instruction. One significant difference was found between African-Americans and Caucasians in both the redesign and traditional sections; however, the covariate, American College Testing (ACT) Mathematics Sub-score accounted for the difference, meaning that type of instruction had no effect. Also, a large difference (p = 0.0026) in favor of students in the redesign occurred on one question of the final exam on which students solved a system of linear equations. Lastly, a large difference in course success was observed in DFW rates in favor of the seasoned, traditional lecture approach. The DFW rate was 41% for the redesign approach, but the DFW rate was only 21% for the traditional lecture approach.
The Cradle of the Solar System

The recent discovery of decay products of 60Fe in meteorites challenges conventional wisdom about the environment in which the Sun and planets formed. Rather than a region like the well-studied Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud, the solar system must have formed instead in a region more like the Eagle nebula--a region that contained one or more massive stars that went supernova, injecting newly synthesized radionuclides into the nascent solar system. In their Perspective, Hester et al. discuss a scenario by which the solar system--and other low-mass stars like the Sun--could have formed. Radiant energy from massive, luminous stars first compresses surrounding interstellar gas, triggering the formation of Sun-like stars, then quickly disperses this material, exposing newborn stars and their protoplanetary disks to harsh radiation from the massive stars. When the massive stars go supernova, they pelt surrounding protoplanetary disks with ejecta laden with the products of stellar nucleosynthesis that are required to explain the isotopic composition we see today.
Altered K+ current of ventricular myocytes in rats with chronic myocardial infarction

The aim of the present study was to define the cellular mechanisms underlying changes in K+ channel function in the failing heart after myocardial infarction. Rats with left coronary artery ligatio...
Kamusal alana giriş: ABD’de göçmenlerin vatandaşlığa geçiş deneyimleri

Daha once 2015 Turk Goc Konferansi’nda Prag’da acilis konusmasi olarak sunulmus olan bu makalede, Brettell ABD’de Hintlilerin sivil topluma ve siyaste katilim sureclerini ve vatandaslik edinme sureclerini tartismaktadir. Dallas Fort Worths Metropol bolgesinde yasayan Hindistan ve Vietnam dogumlu gocmenlerin ABD vatandasligina gecis sureclerini kulturel vatandaslik kavrami cercevesinde bolgede gerceklestirdigi nitel saha calismasina dayanarak inceliyor. Toplumsal katilim bir surectir. Bu gozlemde birey bir yere yerlestikce buyuk sivil ve siyasi varligi olan toplum derneklerinin etkinliklerine katiliyor olmasi; bir pratik toplumundan digerine dogru, yani Lave ve Wenger’in ileri surdugu gibi periferde bir konumdan merkeze dogru kayiyor olmasi kastediliyor. Ancak ayni zamanda bu etkinlikler, yeni gocmenlerin aidiyetlerini, Amerikan olmanin anlami ve ne tur bir Amerikali olmak istedikleri tartismasi icinde nasil kurguladiklarini da gostermektedir. ENGLISH ABSTRACT This paper originally delivered as a keynote speech at the Turkish Migration Conference 2015 in Prague, Czech Republic on June 25, 2015. It focuses on civic engagementi political participation and citizenship practices of Asian Indians in Dallas Fort Worth Metropolitan area drawing on qualitative field research material. Community participation is a process. Embedded in this observation is an understanding that as the individual branches out, he or she is becoming involved with associations with great civic and/or political presence, moving from one community of practice to another, and from a peripheral position to one of greater participation to invoke the ideas of Lave and Wenger. But equally, these activities illustrate how new immigrants construct their own sense of belonging as they engage with and interpret what it means to be an American and what kind of an American they want to be.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies XLVII. Cyclobutanones and Acyclic Ketones

The magnetic circular dichroism spectra of some substituted cyclobutanones and acyclic ketones are presented. The magneto-optical B-values are shown to depend upon the number of α-alkyl substituent...
PAR-2, LGL-1 and the CDC-42 GAP CHIN-1 act in distinct pathways to maintain polarity in the C. elegans embryo

In the one-cell C. elegans embryo, polarity is maintained by mutual antagonism between the anterior cortical proteins PAR-3, PKC-3, PAR-6 and CDC-42, and the posterior cortical proteins PAR-2 and LGL-1 on the posterior cortex. The mechanisms by which these proteins interact to maintain polarity are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigate the interplay among PAR-2, LGL-1, myosin, the anterior PAR proteins and CDC-42. We find that PAR-2 and LGL-1 affect cortical myosin accumulation by different mechanisms. LGL-1 does not directly antagonize the accumulation of cortical myosin and instead plays a role in regulating PAR-6 levels. By contrast, PAR-2 likely has separate roles in regulating cortical myosin accumulation and preventing the expansion of the anterior cortical domain. We also provide evidence that asymmetry of active CDC-42 can be maintained independently of LGL-1 and PAR-2 by a redundant pathway that includes the CDC-42 GAP CHIN-1. Finally, we show that, in addition to its primary role in regulating the size of the anterior cortical domain via its binding to PAR-6, CDC-42 has a secondary role in regulating cortical myosin that is not dependent on PAR-6.
A Transistor Subcarrier Generator for Color Receivers

A junction transistor circuit capable of performing the color synchronization function of a color television receiving system is described. The circuit employs a single-junction transistor which serves as an oscillator-amplifier, phase detector, and current-controlled variable reactance in the generation of an accurately phased color reference carrier. A series mode quartz crystal filter in the feedback loop of the oscillator enables the circuit to perform well in the presence of noise interference up to a 1:1 signal-to-noise ratio.
Simulation of Local Blood Flow in Human Brain under Altered Gravity

In addition to the altered gravitational forces, specific shapes and connections of arteries in the brain vary in the human population (Cebral et al., 2000; Ferrandez et al., 2002). Considering the geometric variations, pulsatile unsteadiness, and moving walls, computational approach in analyzing altered blood circulation will offer an economical alternative to experiments. This paper presents a computational approach for modeling the local blood flow through the human brain under altered gravity. This computational approach has been verified through steady and unsteady experimental measurements and then applied to the unsteady blood flows through a carotid bifurcation model and an idealized Circle of Willis (COW) configuration under altered gravity conditions.
Thermal evolutions of the terrestrial planets

Theoretical models are formulated for the thermal evolution of the moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, and hypothetical minor planets, with consideration of conduction, solid-state convection, and differentiation. A variety of geological, geochemical and geophysical data is used to constrain both the present-day temperatures and the thermal histories of the planetary interiors. The data imply that the planets were heated during or shortly after formation and that all the terrestrial planets started differentiating early in their history. The size of the planet is the primary factor in determining its present-day thermal state. A planetary body with radius less than 1000 km is unlikely to reach melting, given heat source concentrations similar to terrestrial values and in the absence of intensive early heating.