cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A moloney mlv-rat somatotropin fusion gene produces biologically active somatotropin in a transgenic pig

Expression of a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) rat somatotropin fusion gene was examined in a transgenic pig. The fusion gene was integrated in a single site within the genome in a tandem array with approximately eight copies per cell. The integrated in a single site within the genome in a tandem array with approximately eight copies per cell. The integrated MLV-rat somatotropin fusion gene produced high levels of circulating rat somatotropin and resulted in an elevation in the circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I. Although there was no increase in the rate of growth of the transgenic animal during the rapid growth phase, several phenotypic changes were evident. Skeletal growth was markedly increased and fat deposition was reduced throughout the animal. Blood glucose levels were elevated without ketosis. Northern blot analyses of rat somatotropin RNA revealed that expression of the fusion gene was highest in the spleen, lung, intestine, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. These results show that the MLV promoter can be used to express high levels of biologically active rat somatotropin in transgenic swine.
Countesses in court: elite women, creativity, and power in northern Iberia, 900–1200

In the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries, elite women in the northern parts of the Iberian Peninsula exercised considerable political power. The career of Ermessenda, countess of Barcelona, Girona, and Osona, is emblematic of the diverse opportunities for power that were available to ambitious women of elevated social class. During the first half of the eleventh century, Ermessenda dominated the political landscape of Catalonia, buying and selling land, forging agreements with other magnates, supporting religious institutions, and presiding over judicial assemblies. While Ermessenda is especially well documented, broadly distributed diplomatic evidence shows that many other women displayed similar levels of creativity and energy. The dynamism of female lords is apparent in the administration of justice, the patronage of religious institutions, control of land and castles, and innovative projects that advanced the collective interests of powerful families. The broader political context allowed elite w...
A New Method For Measuring Waveguide Propagation Losses

We report a refinement of a previously reported method' for measuring propagation losses in single-mode optical waveguides. The method as previously described applies to isotropic materials (glass); corrections are necessary when anisotropic materials, such as LiNb03, are used. This report describes the method and indicates two means for estimating the corrections for anisotropic materials.© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tactile feedback for teleoperation

In implementing tactile feedback, we are considering the problems of tactile transduction, signal processing, and tactile stimulation. While some of the problems--e.g. sensing--have been addressed in the past, tactile simulation or 'tactile display,' as an informational medium is yet at a very early stage of development. Our work has focused on the design of a 5 X 5 tactile display, and the fabrication problems surrounding high spatio-temporal resolution. Using pneumatic actuators and a mix of conventional and micromachining techniques, we have prototyped and characterized the display, and created a linked sensor-display system. The display was characterized in the usual manner of a linear system and the ability of human subjects to discriminate patterns, forces, and displacements was measured. The display was found to have a maximum force output of 340 milliNewton at each element, force resolution of 4.4 bits, and a frequency response of 7 Hz. Human subjects were able to recognize simple geometric patterns presented on the display, discriminant forces with 3.3 bits resolution, and sense displacements of 0.1 mm (5% of the array spacing).
Projectile breakup and total reaction strengths in Li-induced reactions

Abstract Spectra and angular distributions have been measured for the light particles emitted from the reactions induced by 36 MeV 6Li and 7Li ions on targets of 12C, 13C and 27Al. Some measurements were also performed at beam energies of 28 and 32 MeV. The spectra are dominated by broad peaks centered at energies corresponding to the beam velocity, a characteristic of projectile breakup. A simple breakup model roughly reproduces the shapes of the measured spectra and angular distributions. The total cross sections observed for projectile breakup average about 600 mb and are almost as large as the fusion cross sections. The 7Li breakup yields are somewhat larger than those for 6Li, the same trend that was previously observed for the Li-induced fusion cross sections on C. As a result the measured total reaction cross sections induced by 7Li ions are about 200 mb larger than those of 6Li on the same targets. This difference is not predicted by conventional optical model calculations.
Cardiac output in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers

The purpose of our study was to quantitate left ventricular outflow obstruction in the infant of the diabetic mother (IDM) through estimation of cardiac output by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. We evaluated 42 IDMs (White class B, C, or D) and compared them with two control groups, one similar in birth weight and the other similar in gestational age. Ventricular septal hypertrophy was found in 18 (43%) of 42 of the IDMs, but in none of the control infants. Morbidity increased with advancing septal thickness. None had hyaline membrane disease. Twenty-nine IDMs were asymptomatic, 11 of whom had septal hypertrophy. Thirteen IDMs developed congestive heart failure, seven of whom had septal hypertrophy. Cardiac output per kilogram diminished linearly with increasing septal thickness (r=−0.78, P
Isolation of an E. coli strain with a mutation affecting DNA polymerase.

By testing indiscriminately several thousand colonies of mutagenized E. coli, a mutant has been isolated that on extraction proves to have less than I per cent of the normal level of DNA polymerase. The mutant multiplies normally but has acquired an increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light.
Detection of phytotoxic compounds using stress-induced ethylene and ethane

Abstract A simple bioassay for distinguishing chemical phytotoxicants has been developed. Plant seedlings were grown on an agar medium in test tubes for 6 or 8 days and then treated with a chemical solution. Phytotoxic chemicals induced production of stress‐ethylene and ethane that could be collected in the test tube and quantitatively measured by gas chromatography. Bioassays were completed within 24 h.
Failure of vitamin B12 to modify goitrogenic action of thiouracil.

SummaryIt was not possible to confirm the antigoitrogenic effect of vit. B12 in thiourracil-fed rats.
Effect of Mg nutriture on the dynamics of administered 25Mg exchange in vivo in the rat.

Abstract The effect of Mg nutriture on Mg exchange and interorgan distribution was studied in adult rats ten days after a single I.P. dose of 25Mg (∼5 mg). First the effects of level of Mg intake (0.25, 0.05, or 0.01% Mg) on standard measures of Mg nutriture were studied for 62d to fully document the Mg status of the adult rats. The Mg-deficient diet led to a reduction in plasma, erythrocyte and urine Mg concentration but the only tissues affected were kidney and bone; no outward signs of deficiency were observed. At this point, the 4 remaining rats from each diet group received a single dose of 25Mg and were killed 10d later. Unlike measures of total Mg content, Mg restriction was observed to significantly alter the distribution of isotope within the soft tissue compartment. The proportion of retained isotope accumulated by soft tissues other than skeletal muscle increased. Because this was not true for skeletal muscle, exogenous 25Mg label was diverted to more metabolically active tissues during Mg restriction. The apparent Mg exchangeable pool (MgEP) size, determined by in vivo stable isotope dilution, reflected this difference in skeletal muscle 25Mg accumulation; MgEP size was 39% lower in Mg restricted (0.01% Mg) compared to control (0.05% Mg) rats. The pool of exchangeable Mg in bone was also reduced by Mg restriction but, unlike the soft tissue compartment, the reduction in bone exchangeable Mg was quantitatively similar to the reduction in total Mg content.
Cycle of vertical and horizontal mixing in a shallow tidal creek

[1] An experimental study of vertical mixing and along-channel dispersion parameterized in terms of horizontal mixing near the mouth of the Duplin River (a tidal creek bordered by extensive intertidal salt marshes on Sapelo Island, Georgia) was carried out over several spring/neap cycles in the fall of 2005. Vertical mixing is modulated on both M4 and fortnightly frequencies with maximum turbulent stresses being generated near the bed on periods of maximum flood and ebb and propagating into the water column showing a linear dependence with depth. Values are significantly greater on spring tide than on neap. Horizontal mixing evaluated by salt fluxes is driven and dominated by tidal dispersion, which is also modulated by the fortnightly spring/neap cycle. Net export of salt from the lower Duplin is shown to be due to residual advection modified by upstream tidal pumping. The tidal dispersion coefficient exhibits a pulsating character with greater values on spring tide followed by smaller values on neap tide.
Magneto-hydrodynamic channel flow as influenced by wall conductance

Die Theorie vonHartmann undLazarus, Shercliff undChang sowieLundgren der magneto-hydrodynamischen Kanalstromung wird erweitert, indem der elektrische Leitungswiderstand von gegenuberliegenden Wanden als verschieden gross angenommen wird. Es zeigt sich merkwurdigerweise, dass die Geschwindigkeits- und Stromdichteverteilung nach wie vor symmetrisch bleibt. Beide Verteilungen hangen nur von der Summe der Wandleitungsfahigkeiten ab und von der Hartmann-Zahl.
Distant protonated pyridine groups in water-soluble iron porphyrin electrocatalysts promote selective oxygen reduction to water

Fe(III)-meso-tetra(pyridyl)porphyrins are electrocatalysts for the reduction of dioxygen in aqueous acidic solution. The 2-pyridyl derivatives, both the triflate and chloride salts, are more selective for the desired 4e− reduction than the isomeric 4-pyridyl complexes. The inward-pointing pyridinium groups influence proton delivery despite their distance from the iron centre.
Nectar-feeding by female mosquitoes and its relation to follicular development and parity.

An anthrone reagent was used to detect fructose in 2817 feral Aedes, Culex, Coquillettidia , and Psorophora females. Prior to fructose analyses, parity and devdopmental stages of terminal follicular development were determined. A relatively high incidence of nectar-feeding was found in Ae. contator (77%) and Cq. perturbans (57%). Of the 13 species examined, the lowest incidence (22%) of nectar-feeding was recorded for both Ae. stimulans and Cx. pipiens . Variation in monthly percentages of fructose-positive females was apparent in most species, but a gradual increase in nectar-feeding rates was noted for parous Ae. canacknsis, Ae. sollicitans , and Ae. stimulans from May to August. Fructose was found in both resting females and those seeking a blood meal, regardless of their age. Proportionately more females with stage I follicles contained fructose than did individuals with follicles containing yolk (stages I–II or II). Nectar-feeding among woodland and salt marsh mosquitoes was widespread in both nulliparous and parous flies. Also, females feed on nectar in all phases of the gonotrophic cycle.
Associations of high levels of Oleic acid in the seed Oil of safflower (carthamus tinctorius) with Other plant and seed characteristics

Throuoh backcrossing, the allele ol has been substituted for the allele 01 in the safflower variety US-10, and the new variety has been released as UC-1. UC-1 is similar to, though not identical with, US-10, and has high levels of oleic acid in its oil rather than linoleic acid as in US-10 (7). When lines, most of them later composited to form UC-1, were increased under isolation in 1965, all plants of each line were examined before they were bulked, and many were analyzed for their oil content and iodine value. The seeds of one plant had thinner hulls than others as determined by the thumb-nail test (2); this plant had an oil content of 41.6% and an iodine value of 126, whereas the values for the bulked seed of other plants of the line were 35.2%o and 91, respectively. It was obvious that this single plant was a product of an outcross the year before and that the aberrant plant had the genotype Olol, instead of olol. It was also apparent that it was heterozygous for genes affecting hull thickness and thereby oil content. The line from which this plant came was not incorporated into UC-1. The oil of UC-1 has been found to be more stable than commercial safflower oil which has high levels of linoleic acid (5, 6). Its stability against oxidation at high temperatures has been comparable to hydrogenated vegetable oils and superior to non-hydrogenated vegetable oils. An advantage of the oil of IJC-1 is that it remains a liquidc under
NFκB and Survivin-Mediated Radio-Adaptive Response

A survivin-mediated radio-adaptive response was induced in SA-NH murine sarcoma cells following activation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NFκB) by very low doses of ionizing radiation of 5, 20 or 100 mGy. SA-NH cells and a clone stably transfected with a plasmid containing a mutated IκBα gene that prevents the activation of NFκB (SA-NH+mIκBα1) were used to investigate the role of NFκB activation in the development and expression of the survivin-mediated radio-adaptive response. Tumor cells were exposed to very low doses of radiation 30 min prior to or at times ranging from 30 min to 6 h after the first of two 2 Gy doses separated by 24 h under in vitro conditions. Evidence of very low dose radiation induced a radio-adaptive response only in SA-NH but not SA-NH+mIκBα1 cells was shown by both an increase in SA-NH cell survival of 20-40% using a standard colony forming assay and reduced apoptosis frequencies of 20-40% as determined by the TUNEL assay. Changes in survivin protein levels as a function of irradiation conditions were monitored by Western blot. A 100 mGy exposure 30 min prior to a 2 Gy dose resulted in an elevation in total survivin protein 24 h later in SA-NH but not SA-NH+mIκBα1 cells. Transfection of cells with survivin siRNA inhibited elevation of survivin protein by very low dose radiation and the subsequent radio-adaptive response in SA-NH cells. These data suggest that the survivin-mediated radio-adaptive response is dependent upon the ability of cells to activate NFκB.
High bandwidth on-chip silicon photonic interleaver

We demonstrate a 120 GHz 3-dB bandwidth on-chip silicon photonic interleaver with a flat passband over a broad spectral range of 70 nm. The structure of the interleaver is based on an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with 3 ring resonators coupled to the arms of the MZI. The transmission spectra of this device depict a rapid roll-off on the band edges, where the 20-dB bandwidth is measured to be 142 GHz. This device is optimized for operation in the C-band with a channel crosstalk as low as −20 dB. The device also has full reconfiguration capability to compensate for fabrication imperfections.
A coaxial test fixture for transmission/reflection measurements of metamaterials

Metamaterial structures exhibiting negative permittivity and/or negative permeability have been given considerable attention in recent years, but limited discussion has been given to a standard way of measuring these structures. Often, metamaterial measurements involve cumbersome fabrication and setup procedures making it very difficult in some cases to generate accurate data because of noise in the system or the complexity of the setup. This paper presents the design of a test fixture that overcomes much of the difficulty in metamaterial measurements to provide quick and accurate data. Furthermore, the data generated from this test fixture can be used directly with current extraction routines to determine the effective properties associated with the metamaterial structure.
Some Like It Healthy: Demand for Functional and Conventional Yogurts in the Italian Market

Although the research investigating the market of functional foods proliferates, little empirical analysis has so far used actual market data. This study analyzes the demand for both conventional and functional alternatives sold in the Italian yogurt market using a scanner database of yogurt sales and a discrete choice (nested-logit) demand model, assessing also the role of health-related demographic characteristics as potential contributors to the market success of functional yogurts. The results show that, in the category analyzed, high prices deter the market success of some functional alternatives; this does not apply to drinkable ones, whose demand shows lower own-price and larger cross-price elasticities compared to the other functional alternatives. In addition, health-related consumer characteristics play an important role in shaping the demand for both conventional and functional yogurts in Italy. In particular, an aging, increasingly health-conscious population is likely to provide fertile ground for the success of functional yogurts in this market.
Teaching sport education to Russian students: An ecological analysis

Given Russian students' general lack of group work and opportunities to develop student responsibility in their prior schooling experiences, the purpose of this study was to examine how a group of ...
Coevolution between crossbills and black pine: the importance of competitors, forest area and resource stability

Studies of predator-prey interactions have found that geographically structured coevolution has played an important role in the adaptive diversification of crossbills (Loxia spp.). We extend those studies by considering common crossbills (L. curvirostra) in the Mediterranean where they rely on seeds in the cones of black pine (Pinus nigra). On the continent, where tree squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are present, enhanced defenses against crossbills were most evident in larger areas of pine forest. On islands in the absence of tree squirrels, crossbills and black pine have coevolved in a predator-prey arms race on Cyprus but not Corsica. In contrast to other conifers that island endemic crossbills rely upon, black pine does not hold seeds in its cones year round. Consequently, key to the strong crossbill-pine interaction on Cyprus is likely the presence of an alternative conifer that provides seeds during early summer when black pine seeds are scarce.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for desensitization prior to transplantation in ABO-incompatible renal allografts.

Background: Although there have been desensitization protocols used for ABO-incompatible (ABOi) renal transplants, there are a lack of studied protocols. Our center developed a preconditioning protocol that involved mycophenolic acid, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) that allowed for ABOi renal transplantation. Methods: Ten patients in our institution with end-stage renal disease who were unable to procure ABO-compatible donor kidneys underwent treatment with this protocol (which included a uniform 5 TPE sessions) prior to an ABOi renal transplant. A retrospective chart review was performed on these patients and clinical endpoints including ABO antibody titers, serum creatinine, clinical complications, and graft performance were analyzed. Results: The median ABO antibody titers at presentation, after completion of the protocol, and after transplant for the patients were 32 (range, 2–128), 8 (range, 1–64), and 4 (range, 2–32), respectively. The mean serum creatinine at study conclusion was 1.45 ± 1.04 mg/dl at an average of 262.20 days from transplant. There were four incidents of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and two incidents of delayed graft function (DGF). There was one incident of graft failure and no patient deaths. Conclusions: The desensitization protocol used by our institution allowed for successful ABOi renal transplantation. Although there were incidents of AMR and DGF, the majority of the transplants resulted in viable grafts. A larger patient study group may be needed to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of this protocol. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Monotone control of queueing networks

This paper uses submodularity to obtain monotonicity results for a class of Markovian queueing network service rate control problems. Nonlinear costs of queueing and service are allowed. In contrast to Weber and Stidham [14], our monotonicity theorem considers arbitrary directions in the state space (not just control directions), arrival routing problems, and certain uncontrolled service rates. We also show that, without service costs, transition-monotone controls can be described by simple control regions and switching functions. The theory is applied to queueing networks that arise in a manufacturing system that produces to a forecast of customer demand, and also to assembly and disassembly networks.
Integrated packet networks with quality of service constraints

The authors propose a QoS (quality of service) framework which strikes a balance between the quality criteria of the service providers and the quality requirement of the users. QoS is classified in terms of performance, resource, and priority constraints. The authors discuss how this framework fits into a connection-oriented fast packet environment. They also show how QoS negotiation is conducted in such a network, so that the QoS of the available network resources matches that needed by the users. >
Sex bias in school referrals

Abstract One hundred and forty elementary school teachers completed a questionnaire on school referrals which asked them to rate the likelihood of referral of a child in five behavioral anecdotes. Boy's and girl's names were exchanged on alternate forms of the questionnaire. Statistically significant differences in likelihood of referral were found in four of the five behavioral categories, indicating that teachers would be more likely to refer boys than girls with identical problems.
Lung Fluid Balance During Development

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the major driving forces for liquid formation in and liquid removal from the lumen of the fetal lung. 2. Delineate the role of a normal volume of liquid within the lumen of the fetal lung for normal lung growth during development. 3. Describe the effects of labor on Na,K-ATPase activity in lung epithelial cells and clearance of lung liquid after birth. 4. Explain the route by which most residual liquid drains from the lung. 5. List the conditions associated with preterm birth that may contribute to delayed removal of fetal lung liquid. Curious students of mammalian development recognized more than a century ago that the lungs are filled with liquid during fetal life, (1) but the origin of that liquid remained obscure until 1948, when an unexpected discovery by two French scientists dispelled the prevailing view that fetal lung liquid derived from intrauterine inhalation of amniotic fluid. In studies designed to explore the ontogeny of the pituitary-adrenal axis, tracheal ligation of fetal rabbits for 9 days resulted in fluid distention of the lungs. (2) This serendipitous finding, subsequently confirmed and embellished by others, (3)(4)(5) established that the fetal lung itself, rather than the amniotic sac, is the source of the liquid that fills the lung during development. This liquid forms a slowly expanding structural template that prevents collapse and promotes growth of the fetal lung. Subsequent studies, conducted mostly with sheep, showed that liquid in the lumen of the fetal lung forms as a result of chloride secretion in the respiratory epithelium, (6)(7) a process that can be inhibited by diuretics that block Na,K-2Cl cotransport. (8)(9) In vitro experiments using cultured explants of lung tissue and monolayers of epithelial cells harvested from human fetal lung have …
A neural gait synthesizer for autonomous biped robots

An autonomous gait synthesis mechanism based on neuro-computing is presented. The mechanism is for generating motion trajectories of biped robots in negotiating difficult terrains. It is centered on a neural gait synthesizer. The latter consists of a number of functional unit including a central pattern generator an adaptive neural network, a knowledge base, a learning unit and a switch mechanism. The central pattern generator is responsible for generating motion patterns of voluntary and involuntary motions; the adaptive network is used to modify the reflexive motion patterns in accordance with terrain conditions; the responsibility of the switching unit is to make decisions in real time to switch between voluntary and involuntary motions; the knowledge base is used to store feature parameters of motion patterns, and the learning unit extracts feature parameters from an involuntary motion. Based on the functional units, an architecture for the automated gait synthesizer is presented. >
Energy requirements of spasticity

Direct measurement of energy expended by spasticity in children with severe spastic quadriparesis is difficult. Insertion of an intrathecal baclofen pump in a 13-year-old boy with severe spasticity and profound mental retardation resulted in an estimated 30 to 40% decrease in his spasticity. As he had been on a carefully calculated ketogenic diet and fed by gastrostomy, his precise caloric intake was known. Decrease in spasticity, on the same caloric intake, led to marked weight gain. Reduction of 100 calories intake resulted in new weight stability. It was possible therefore, to estimate indirectly energy used by his spasticity. This 100 calories, representing 34% of calories above his resting energy requirement, corresponded to an independently estimated 30 to 40% of caloric expenditure of his spasticity. It was concluded that when calculation of calories is critical, energy utilization by spasticity must be taken into consideration.
Towards Medication-Enhancement of Cognitive Interventions in Schizophrenia

Current antipsychotic medications do little to improve real-life function in most schizophrenia patients. A dispassionate view of the dispersed and variable neuropathology of schizophrenia strongly suggests that it is not currently, and may never be, correctable with drugs. In contrast, several forms of cognitive therapy have been demonstrated to have modest but lasting positive effects on cognition, symptoms, and functional outcomes in schizophrenia patients. To date, attempts to improve clinical outcomes in schizophrenia by adding pro-cognitive drugs to antipsychotic regimens have had limited success, but we propose that a more promising strategy would be to pair drugs that enhance specific neurocognitive functions with cognitive therapies that challenge and reinforce those functions. By using medications that engage spared neural resources in the service of cognitive interventions, it might be possible to significantly enhance the efficacy of cognitive therapies. We review and suggest several laboratory measures that might detect potential pro-neurocognitive effects of drugs in individual patients, using a “test dose” design, aided by specific biomarkers predicting an individual’s drug sensitivity. Lastly, we argue that drug classes viewed as “counter-intuitive” based on existing models for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia—including pro-catecholaminergic and NMDA-antagonistic drugs—might be important candidate “pro-cognitive therapy” drugs.
Seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide and its isotopic composition in an urban atmosphere: Anthropogenic and biogenic effects

ratios of source CO2 showed a seasonal pattern with isotopically depleted values in the wintertime and isotopically enriched values in the spring and summer. The effects of gasoline combustion, natural gas combustion, and biogenic respiration of plants and soils on CO2 mixing ratio were quantified with a mass balance calculation using dual carbon and oxygen isotopic tracers. The calculations showed large contributions of natural gas combustion in the winter and significant nighttime biogenic respiration in the spring and late summer/early fall. The isotope-tracer technique used shows promise for quantifying the impacts of urban processes on the isotopic composition of the atmosphere and partitioning urban CO2 sources into their component parts. INDEX TERMS: 0315 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 1040 Geochemistry: Isotopic composition/chemistry; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325); KEYWORDS: CO2 mixing ratio, carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, urban pollution, biosphere-atmosphere interactions, Keeling plots
Cell body and flagellar agglutinins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii : the cell body plasma membrane is a reservoir for agglutinins whose migration to the flagella is regulated by a functional Barrier

Fertilization in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is initiated when gametes of opposite mating types adhere to each other via adhesion molecules (agglutinins) on their flagella. Adhesion leads to loss of active agglutinins from the flagella and recruitment of new agglutinins from a pool associated with the cell body. We have been interested in determining the precise cellular location of the pool and learning more about the relationship between agglutinins in the two domains. In the studies reported here we describe methods for purification of mt+ cell body agglutinins by use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography (molecular sieve, ion exchange, and hydrophobic interaction), and sucrose gradient centrifugation. About 90% of the total agglutinins were associated with the cell body and the remainder were on the flagella. Cell body agglutinins were indistinguishable from mt+ flagellar agglutinins by SDS-PAGE, elution properties on a hydrophobic interaction column, and in sedimentation properties on sucrose gradients. The nonadhesiveness of cell bodies suggested that the cell body agglutinins would be intracellular, but our results are not consistent with this interpretation. We have demonstrated that brief trypsin treatment of deflagellated gametes destroyed all of the cell body agglutinins and, in addition, we showed that the cell body agglutinins were accessible to surface iodination. These results indicated that C. reinhardtii agglutinins have a novel cellular disposition: active agglutinins, representing approximately 10% of the total cellular agglutinins, are found only on the flagella, whereas the remaining 90% of these molecules are on the external surface of the cell body plasma membrane in a nonfunctional form. This segregation of cell adhesion molecules into distinct membrane domains before gametic interactions has been demonstrated in sperm of multicellular organisms and may be a common mechanism for sequestering these critical molecules until gametes are activated for fusion. In experiments in which surface-iodinated cell bodies were permitted to regenerate new flagella, we found that the agglutinins (as well as the 350,000 Mr, major flagellar membrane protein) on the newly regenerated flagella were iodinated. These results indicate that proteins destined for the flagella can reside on the external surface of the cell body plasma membrane and are recruited onto newly forming flagella as well as onto preexisting flagella during fertilization.
Approaching a possible stepwise/concerted mechanistic crossover point in the cation radical cycloadditions of cis- and trans-anethole

The Diels–Alder cycloadditions of the cis- and trans-anethole cation radicals to cyclopenta-1,3-diene have carefully been examined and are found to produce sharply different stereochemical results. The cis-anethole cation radical adds via a distinctly stepwise mechanism, yielding comparable amounts of all four diastereoisomeric Diels–Alder adducts. In contrast, the trans-anethole cation radical yields only trans adducts, with the endo isomer predominating. None of the cis adducts could be detected, and the percentage of cis adducts formed, if any, is significantly less than 0.1%. This result stands in contrast to the additions of aryl cis- and trans-propenyl ethers to the same diene, in which both geometric alkene isomers yield all four adducts in comparable amounts. Consequently, if trans-anethole also reacts by a stepwise mechanism, the rate of cyclization in the intermediate distonic cation radical must be of the order of 1000 times the rate of bond rotation. Alternatively, although it is less likely, the trans cation radical could react via a concerted reaction path.
Enhanced Electron Mobility Due to Dopant‐Defect Pairing in Conductive ZnMgO

The increase of the band gap in Zn1-xMgxO alloys with added Mg facilitates tunable control of the conduction band alignment and the Fermi-level position in oxide-heterostructures. However, the maximal conductivity achievable by doping decreases considerably at higher Mg compositions, which limits practical application as a wide-gap transparent conductive oxide. In this work, first-principles calculations and material synthesis and characterization are combined to show that the leading cause of the conductivity decrease is the increased formation of acceptor-like compensating intrinsic defects, such as zinc vacancies (VZn), which reduce the free electron concentration and decrease the mobility through ionized impurity scattering. Following the expectation that non-equilibrium deposition techniques should create a more random distribution of oppositely charged dopants and defects compared to the thermodynamic limit, the paring between dopant GaZn and intrinsic defects VZn is studied as a means to reduce the ionized impurity scattering. Indeed, the post-deposition annealing of Ga-doped Zn0.7Mg0.3O films grown by pulsed laser deposition increases the mobility by 50% resulting in a conductivity as high as σ = 475 S cm-1.
Parallel zippers formed by alpha-helical peptide columns in crystals of Boc-Aib-Glu(OBzl)-Leu-Aib-Ala-Leu-Aib-Ala-Lys(Z)-Aib-OMe.

The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Aib-Glu(OBzl)-Leu-Aib-Ala-Leu-Aib-Ala-Lys(Z)-Aib-OMe (where Aib is alpha-aminoisobutyryl, Boc is t-butoxycarbonyl, OBzl is benzyl ester, and Z is benzyloxycarbonyl) illustrates a parallel zipper arrangement of interacting helical peptide columns. Head-to-tail NH...OC hydrogen bonding extends the alpha-helices formed by the decapeptide into long columns in the crystal. An additional NH...OC hydrogen bond in the head-to-tail region, between the extended side chains of Glu(OBzl), residue 2 in one molecule, and Lys(Z), residue 9 in another molecule, forms a "double tooth" on the side of the column. These double teeth are repeated regularly on the helical columns with spaces of six residues between them (approximately 10 A). The double teeth on a pair of parallel columns (all carbonyl groups pointed in the same direction) interdigitate in a zipper motif. All contacts in the zipper portion are of the van der Waals type. The peptide, with formula C66H103N11O17.H2O, crystallizes in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 10.677(4) A, b = 16.452(6) A, and c = 43.779(13) A; overall agreement R = 10.2% for 3527 observed reflections (magnitude of /F0/ greater than 3 sigma); resolution 0.9 A.
Taking music metadata from MARC to FRBR to RDF

The Variations/FRBR project aims to contribute to a community understanding of what it means to implement FRBR. Serving as a concrete test-bed for the FRBR conceptual model, a goal of the V/FRBR project is to provide the community with FRBR-compliant data formats and encodings promoting interoperability and exchange of FRBR data between systems and institutions. The first outcome of this goal was a FRBR-compliant XML format developed and released by the project team. Encouraged by recent efforts towards creating library legacy metadata which are Semantic Web-compliant, the V/FRBR project has completed an RDF binding of the V/FRBR data model that will serve to further formal interoperability among all FRBR-based Application Profiles. This article discusses the steps taken towards creating a Semantic Web-compliant, interoperable data model that implements the FRBR conceptual model and can be used in both a generic and a music-specific environment.
Mummies and Mortuary Monuments: A Postprocessual Prehistory of Central Andean Social Organization

Mummies and Mortuary Monuments:. Postprocessual Prehistory of Central Andean Social Organization. William H. Isbell. University of Texas Press, 1997. 372 pp.
Magnitude: An Important Dimension of Self‐Efficacy1

According to Bandura (1977a. 1977b). self-efficacy for a particular task varies along 3 dimensions: magnitude, strength, and generality. Although the magnitude of a task influences one's degree of self-efficacy, researchers have seldom tapped this dimension. We explicitly examined the magnitude dimension, and whether magnitude and confidence represent operationally distinct dimensions. A sample of undergraduates (n= 221) rated how confident they were that they could perform 22 behaviors comprising 3 domains of protective sexual behaviors (refusing sexual intercourse, questioning potential sexual partners, using condoms). Each participant also rank-ordered the difficulty of performing each item within each domain. Data analyses revealed considerable overlap between the dimensions of confidence and magnitude, but also substantial differences. Thus, researchers may want to include this dimension when including self-efficacy.
Danshen: what every cardiologist should know about this Chinese herbal drug.

1. Danshen ( ), with the structural formula C10H17 O6SNa, is the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza [2]. It has long been judged highly effective in ‘‘activating circulation and dispersing stasis or sludging of blood’’ [2]. Among the classical teachings of Chinese traditional medicine, it is stated that ‘‘when blockage is opened, pain is relieved’’ [2]. Because of its properties of improving microcirculation, causing coronary vasodilatation, suppressing the formation of thromboxane, inhibiting platelet adhesion and aggregation, and protecting against myocardial ischemia [2–4], it is widely used either alone or in combination with other herbal ingredients for patients with coronary artery disease, in both China and other countries including the United States. It is conspicuously advertised in the Chinese Journal of Cardiology, which is the official publication of the Chinese Society of Cardiology (Fig. 1). 2. Danshen not only possesses coronary vasodilating properties but also interacts with warfarin (Coumadin\) by potentiating its anticoagulant action [4–6]. Warfarin is a commonly used oral anticoagulant frequently prescribed for patients with atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, pulmonary embolism, peripheral vascular disease and deep venous thrombosis
Instrumental and Expressive Structures in Small Groups: The Stabilization of Injustice in Groups in Organizational Settings.

Bales's early view of relations between instrumental and expressive structures (dual leadership) and the work on legitimacy of instrumental structure to which it led is reviewed. Then, legitimacy o...
Giant mesenteric lymphatic malformation presenting as small bowel volvulus

Abdominal pain with bilious emesis is an ominous clinical presentation with many possible causes. We describe a previously healthy 4-year-old boy who presented with these symptoms and ultrasound findings of fluid throughout most of the abdominal cavity. Computed tomography imaging revealed a large cystic mass (21-by-13 cm) associated with a small bowel obstruction due to volvulus. A laparoscopic exploration was undertaken, revealing a large mass arising from the small intestinal mesentery and causing a segmental volvulus of the small bowel. Conversion to mini-laparotomy allowed reduction of the volvulus and segmental resection of the small bowel associated with a giant mesenteric lymphatic malformation. This case describes a rare cause of intestinal volvulus due to a mesenteric lymphatic malformation.
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY WITH VARIOUS INNOVATIONS FOR STRIPPING BURLEY TOBACCO

The production of burley tobacco is very labor intensive, with approximately one third of the total labor, estimated at 73 worker-hours/acre, required for stripping. Considerable efforts have been put into improving the efficiency of stripping operations over the years. Many innovations that have been tried have been adopted by some growers to varying degrees and then later faded in use. Other experimental innovations have been developed to the prototype stage and undergone limited testing, but never made it to the commercial/production stage. This paper compiles and summarizes the results from various studies, many of them unpublished or unreported previously, that have measured or assessed stripping labor requirements in the past from both production/commercial and experimental/prototype innovations. This information is intended to give growers and researchers a baseline for determining potential labor (and therefore cost) savings associated with stripping innovations and production practices, not only ...
Airborne levels of isopropyl alcohol disinfectant in a laminar-airflow hood.

Airborne levels of isopropyl alcohol when used as a disinfectant in a horizontal laminar-airflow hood were measured during a 10-day period to determine whether levels conformed to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines. An infrared vapor analyzer was positioned in the airflow of the six-foot horizontal laminar-airflow hood for 10 days to continuously monitor the levels of isopropyl alcohol under usual procedural conditions. A continuous printout of the levels of isopropyl alcohol allowed determination of the eight-hour time-weighted average level. The mean (+/- S.D.) eight-hour time-weighted average level of isopropyl alcohol in the laminar-airflow hood was 99.6 +/- 30.6 parts per million (ppm). By OSHA standards, the eight-hour time-weighted average airborne level of isopropyl alcohol in the work place cannot exceed 400 ppm. Usual conditions in the laminar-airflow hood at this institution complied with the OSHA standard for airborne isopropyl alcohol.
A Computer Simulation Study Relating to the Treatment of Fulminant Hepatic Failure by Hemoperfusion

SummaryA lag period of 12-24 hr has frequently been observed to elapse between charcoal hemoperfusion therapy and arousal of patients in stage IV coma due to fulminant hepatic failure. This delay suggests that recovery of consciousness depends on depletion of an extravascular pool of a hypothetical toxin which requires 12-24 hr to equilibrate with plasma. No further definitive information about the nature of the toxin is available. Unconjugated biliru-bin is known to have an extrahepatic, extra-vascular pool which also equilibrates with plasma over a 12- to 24-hr period. Accordingly, a model of unconjugated bilirubin kinetics has been used to investigate the rate of depletion of slowly equilibrating extra-vascular metabolic compartments by hemoperfusion, employing computer simulation techniques. The results indicate that the rate of depletion of slowly equilibrating extravascular pools is critically dependent not merely on the intrinsic efficiency of the hemoperfusion device, but also on the schedule with...
Case Report: A Novel Form of Free Protein S Deficiency in an HIV-Positive Patient on Hemodialysis

Investigation of repetitive thrombotic episodes in an HIV-positive patient on maintenance hemodialysis revealed extraordinarily high levels of total (free plus protein bound) protein S antigen but severe reductions in free (interactive) protein S antigen. Patients with the nephrotic syndrome or chronic renal failure have shown elevations of total protein S antigen, associated with increased levels of the specific C4b-binding protein, yet have had normal free protein S antigen levels. Based on the fall in total and free protein S levels during hemodialysis treatments, the presence of normal levels of C4b-binding protein, and the coexistence of a polyclonal gammopathy, the authors infer the presence of a unique protein that binds protein S in this patient and that is not apparent in normal plasma. The anomalous association of protein S with this binding protein resulted in levels of free protein S antigen in the range of those reported in hereditary deficiencies of the anticoagulant.
Comprehensive analysis of the optical Kerr coefficient of graphene

We present a comprehensive analysis of the nonlinear optical Kerr effect in graphene. We directly solve the $S$-matrix element to calculate the absorption rate, utilizing the Volkov-Keldysh-type crystal wave functions. We then convert to the nonlinear refractive index coefficients through the Kramers-Kronig relation. In this formalism, the source of Kerr nonlinearity is the interplay of optical fields that cooperatively drive the transition from valence to conduction band. This formalism makes it possible to identify and compute the rates of distinct nonlinear processes that contribute to the Kerr nonlinear refractive index coefficient. The four identified mechanisms are two-photon absorption, Raman transition, self-coupling, and quadratic ac Stark effect. We also present a comparison of our theory with recent experimental and theoretical results.
Signaling games with partially observable actions as a model of conversational grounding

We present a game-theoretic model that formalizes core ideas of conversational grounding theory. This game-theoretic model is based on the concept of signaling games, originally proposed as a model of linguistic convention. We extend signaling games with an observation model, which allows for the possibility that the actions a dialog participant takes may only be partially observable to others. We then apply this model to the domain of referential communication tasks, a type of task commonly used in psycholinguistic experiments.
Gastrointestinal blood loss from aspirin and sodium salicylate tablets in man

In view of conflicting reports on gastrointestinal blood loss produced by aspirin, sodium salicylate, and salicylic acid, a rigorously controlled comparative study has been carried out. Thirteen healthy adult volunteers took twelve 325 mg. aspirin or sodium salicylate tablets (plain and with antaCid) daily for 7 day periods in a crossover study. The 3 preparations produced similar steady state plasma-salicylate concentrations. Sodium salicylate tablets caused gastrointestinal blood loss (1.2 ml. per day above control values), but the blood loss produced by aspirin tablets was appreciably greater (5.6 ml. per day above control values). However, other studies have shown that aspirin-induced gastrointestinal bleeding can be minimized by use of specially formulated dosage forms.