cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An open-source navigation system for micro aerial vehicles

This paper presents an open-source indoor navigation system for quadrotor micro aerial vehicles (MAVs), implemented in the ROS framework. The system requires a minimal set of sensors including a planar laser range-finder and an inertial measurement unit. We address the issues of autonomous control, state estimation, path-planning, and teleoperation, and provide interfaces that allow the system to seamlessly integrate with existing ROS navigation tools for 2D SLAM and 3D mapping. All components run in real time onboard the MAV, with state estimation and control operating at 1 kHz. A major focus in our work is modularity and abstraction, allowing the system to be both flexible and hardware-independent. All the software and hardware components which we have developed, as well as documentation and test data, are available online.
Tapered transmission-line transformers for fast high-voltage transients

One technique for raising the voltage in a fast pulse involves the use of a tapered transmission line transformer, whose transit time is large compared to the risetime of the pulse. For continuous variation of the characteristic impedance, the high-frequency/early-time voltage gain is given by the square root of the impedance ratio of each end of tapered line. An undesirable product of the tapered or transmission line transformer is the droop of the pulse after the initial step rise at the transmission line output. A formulation based on the voltage/current variables and renormalized wave variables has been used to examine the pulse droop with the idea of minimizing it. In the analysis, when the dominant term in expansion is optimized, the resulting geometry is that of the exponentially tapered line. The case of the exponentially tapered transmission line is discussed in detail and is shown to have an optimal transfer function in terms of early time voltage gain and improved droop characteristics.
Core capacity of wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we model energy-limited wireless ad hoc networks as non-transferable-utility cooperative network flow games. We define the "core capacity region" of a wireless ad hoc network to be the set of Pareto-optimal utility vectors that cannot be blocked by any proper subset of the node set. We show that the core capacity region is non-empty under the linear utility model. Under the many-to-one traffic model in which all the nodes have traffic demands for a single base station, we show that the only utility vector in the core capacity region is the one achieved by the cellular uplink topology. Under the one-to-one traffic model in which each node generates a traffic demand for another randomly picked node, we demonstrate by simulation the growth of the core sum capacity as a function of the number of nodes.
The tasks with effects model for safe concurrency

Today's widely-used concurrent programming models either provide weak safety guarantees, making it easy to write code with subtle errors, or are limited in the class of programs that they can express. We propose a new concurrent programming model based on tasks with effects that offers strong safety guarantees while still providing the flexibility needed to support the many ways that concurrency is used in complex applications. The core unit of work in our model is a dynamically-created task. The model's key feature is that each task has programmer-specified effects, and a run-time scheduler is used to ensure that two tasks are run concurrently only if they have non-interfering effects. Through the combination of statically verifying the declared effects of tasks and using an effect-aware run-time scheduler, our model is able to guarantee strong safety properties, including data race freedom and atomicity. It is also possible to use our model to write programs and computations that can be statically proven to behave deterministically. We describe the tasks with effects programming model and provide a formal dynamic semantics for it. We also describe our implementation of this model in an extended version of Java and evaluate its use in several programs exhibiting various patterns of concurrency.
Work, Power, and Curriculum Reform: A Response to Theodore Lewis’s “Vocational Education as General Education”

(1998). Work, Power, and Curriculum Reform: A Response to Theodore Lewis’s “Vocational Education as General Education”. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 339-360.
Space and Time Variations in Turbulence during the Manhattan Midtown 2005 Field Experiment

Abstract The Manhattan Midtown-2005 field experiment (MID05) collected turbulence observations at 12 street-level sites (at 3-m height) and at 5 rooftop sites (at 220-m average height). The MID05 observations of 30-min averaged standard deviations of wind speed components and temperature and of sensible heat and momentum flux are found to be consistent with the authors’ previously reported averaged observations in similar tall-building surroundings in the Oklahoma City Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) and Manhattan Madison Square Garden 2005 (MSG05) field experiments. The main focus of this paper, though, is on the magnitudes of the space and time variations of the 30-min averaged turbulence values. Wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics model outputs would suggest large variations, but the full-scale urban observations show that the standard deviations of the space and time variations are usually less than 50% of the averages. Some individual observations are tabulated and the minimum and maxi...
Huntington's disease

Huntington'S disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with neuronal degeneration especially involving the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. The cardinal signs of dementia and involuntary movements usually appear in middle life. Although the pathogenesis of this disease remains unknown, its course progres­ sive, and the efficacy of available treatments limited, a recent surge of investigative interest has yielded significant information about HD and related central degenera­ tive disorders.
The Definition of Cell Type

What do we mean by “cell type?” Two articles in this issue of Circulation Research address this question in different ways. The first study, by Dube et al,1 uses very well-defined tools to define endothelial differentiation at the level of transcriptional control. The second study, by Kowal et al,2 looks for novel genes that distinguish two cell types. These studies, taken together, illustrate a major change in how we define cell type, a change that is about to be accelerated by the power of systematic genomics. Dube et al1 use in vitro systems to explore the promoter structure for the endothelial cell-specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. Tie2 is a receptor for both angiopoetin-1 and angiopoetin-2. Like vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoetin-1 is essential for normal vascular development whereas angiopoetin-2 is a naturally occurring antagonist for angiotensin I and Tie2. Thus, regulation of expression of the Tie2 receptor is likely a key issue in the formation of blood vessels.3 4 Dube et al1 identify a putative Ets transcription site in the Tie2 promoter. One of the proteins binding to this site, NERF2, can be shown to promote transcription in endothelial cells but not in the other cells studied. Related NERFs and other Ets binding factors either did not have this activity or were not found in the cultured cells used by these authors. Although mechanistically solid for transfected endothelial cell lines in vitro, the studies presented by Dube et al1 provide no evidence that NERF2 is expressed in endothelial cells in vivo, and the in vitro studies only use Chinese hamster ovary, 293, and CV-1 cell lines as comparison cells. These aneuploid, heterogeneously derived cell lines may or may not provide a representative comparison with the endothelial cell strains used in the present study, much …
Significance Testing in Psychological Research: Some Persisting Issues

Empirical surveys show that reports of significance tests appear in the vast majority of articles in psychological research journals and are relied on by both investigators and journal reviewers when making decisions about replication of experiments and submission and acceptance of research reports Evaluation of claims by critics that significance testing is, nonetheless, counterproductive yields suggestions for improvements of prevailing practices, but also the recommendation that decisions about significance testing versus alternative procedures should remain the province of the individual investigator, unconstrained by mandates or prohibitions by publishers or officials of scientific associations The prime focus for efforts toward improvement of research design and data analysis in psychology and other behavioral sciences should be upgrading the mathematical and general scientific preparation of students preparing for research careers in these fields
Dietary Methionine Is Involved in the Etiology of Neural Tube Defect–Affected Pregnancies in Humans

Research has provided evidence of the role of multivitamin supplementation in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTD). Failure of the neural tube to close is one of the most frequent and severe human developmental defects. The etiology of NTD is complex, encompassing genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal dietary intake of methionine and the risk of having a NTD-affected pregnancy. We hypothesized that women with high maternal dietary methionine intake were at a decreased risk for a NTD. Combinations of methionine, folate and vitamin B-12 intakes and NTD risk were also examined. Data from a 5-y, population-based, case-control study of 170 NTD-affected pregnancies and 269 controls were provided by the South Carolina NTD Surveillance, Prevention, and Research Project. There was a 30-55% lower NTD risk among women whose average daily dietary intake of methionine was greater than the lowest quartile of intake (>1580 mg/d). The odds ratios associated with the three quartiles of methionine intake > 1580 mg/d after adjusting for energy, race and body mass index were 0.72 (P < 0.07), 0.68 (P < 0.07) and 0.45 (P < 0.06), respectively. These findings indicate that a reduction in the risk of having a NTD-affected pregnancy is associated with maternal dietary intake of methionine (3 mo pre- to 3 mo postconception). This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that methionine plays a role in the etiology of NTD and suggests the need for further research in the area of maternal diet and pregnancy.
Flow equation for an ideal or viscous gas through a nozzle: application to cascade impactors

Some of the parameters used to express the hydrodynamic equation usually used to describe the flow of an ideal compressible gas through a nozzle do not lend themselves to easy laboratory measurement, and also the equation is not directly applicable to a normal viscous gas. To circumvent these problems, the equation has been modified and simplified. Although the viscous resistance of a normal gas attenuates the flow rate significantly, we have assumed that the attenuation is relatively constant, and does not vary significantly with the ratio of the pressure difference to inlet pressure. Under these conditions the ideal gas equations can be corrected so that they can be applied to a viscous gas. It is shown that the gas flow rate at any pressure difference below choke flow can be determined, if the choke flow, and the inlet and exit pressures are known. Due to the pressure drop across the nozzles preceding the critical nozzle (smallest area) in an impactor, the flow rate vs pressure ratio curve is shifted toward higher pressure ratios as compared to a single nozzle. An equation to calculate the flow rate of a viscous gas through any nozzle in an impactor is also presented. Experiments have been performed which corroborate the new equations. The simplified flow-rate equations have been found to be useful to calculate flow rates through any nozzle in an impactor.
Low-latency multichannel cut-through vs. CSMA/CA wireless mesh networking

Initial entry during deployment requires tactical networks supporting voice, video, and data requirements to be established quickly given little existing telecommunication infrastructure. Wireless mesh networks using contention-based medium access control (MAC) appear to be an easy off-the-shelf solution, but their performance is lacking for support of such diverse high-bandwidth low-latency requirements. In the 1990s, wired and optical network architects had to reconsider the inefficiencies of packet switching and consider long proven methods such as circuit-switching to reduce latency through traffic engineering to support such diverse traffic requirements. This resulted in the development of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) technologies. Because both are mature and proven technologies for wired and optical network architectures, much research has been done to apply these methods to wireless mesh networks. But optimal performance improvement eludes wireless mesh network designers because of differences between the wired/optical and wireless environments in the provision of non-interfering unidirectional internodal links and lack of a wireless circuit switch. We propose a wireless mesh networking architecture that will provide low-latency and potentially higher throughput, based upon the availability of multiple orthogonal channels, wormhole switching supported by a physical layer circuit-switch, and a reservation protocol that will assign channels to provide non-interfering unidirectional internodal links through quality-of-service (QoS) routing, and scheduling. We will also present performance results based upon a simulation model of our proposed architecture to show how end-to-end latency is considerably reduced compared to 802.11-based wireless mesh networks.
Ab initio protein structure prediction using a combined hierarchical approach.

As part of the third Critical Assess- ment of Structure Prediction meeting (CASP3), we predict the three-dimensional structures for 13 pro- teins using a hierarchical approach. First, all pos- sible compact conformations of a protein sequence are enumerated using a highly simplified tetrahe- dral lattice model. We select a large subset of these conformations using a lattice-based scoring func- tion and build detailed all-atom models incorporat- ing predicted secondary structure. A combined all- atom knowledge-based scoring function is then used to select three smaller subsets from these all-atom models. Finally, a consensus-based distance geom- etry procedure is used to generate the best conforma- tions from each of the all-atom subsets. With this method, we are able to predict the global topology/ shape for all or a large part of the sequence for six out of the thirteen proteins. For two other proteins, the topology/shape for shorter fragments are pre- dicted. This represents a marked improvement in ab initio prediction since CASP was first instigated in 1994. Proteins Suppl 1999;3:194-198.
The Cooing of a Dove: Senator Albert Gore Sr.'s Opposition to the War in Vietnam

As a senator from Tennessee, Albert Gore Sr. became one of the leading congressional critics of American involvement in Vietnam during the 1960s and early 1970s. Weary of many aspects of American containment policy, Gore voiced concern over military assistance to dictators, secrecy in foreign aid programs, and the viability of sending American troops to fight in the jungles of Vietnam. He privately opposed sending U.S. soldiers to relieve the French garrison at Dienbienphu in 1954, and his anxiety mounted during the widening U.S. role in Vietnam during the Kennedy years, although Gore did not express any public reservations. After supporting the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Gore quickly broke with the Johnson administration and began advocating as early as December 1964 a negotiated settlement of the war. In October 1967, he called for the “neutralization” of Southeast Asia. Gore's often-ignored role as a high-level congressional critic of the Vietnam War deserves further exploration in examining the reasons for and impact of congressional opposition to the conflict.
The Biosynthetic Pathway for Synechoxanthin, an Aromatic Carotenoid Synthesized by the Euryhaline, Unicellular Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7002

The euryhaline, unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 produces the dicyclic aromatic carotenoid synechoxanthin (chi,chi-caroten-18,18'-dioic acid) as a major pigment (>15% of total carotenoid) and when grown to stationary phase also accumulates small amounts of renierapurpurin (chi,chi-carotene) (J. E. Graham, J. T. J. Lecomte, and D. A. Bryant, J. Nat. Prod. 71:1647-1650, 2008). Two genes that were predicted to encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of synechoxanthin were identified by comparative genomics, and these genes were insertionally inactivated in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 to verify their function. The cruE gene (SYNPCC7002_A1248) encodes beta-carotene desaturase/methyltransferase, which converts beta-carotene to renierapurpurin. The cruH gene (SYNPCC7002_A2246) encodes an enzyme that is minimally responsible for the hydroxylation/oxidation of the C-18 and C-18' methyl groups of renierapurpurin. Based on observed and biochemically characterized intermediates, a complete pathway for synechoxanthin biosynthesis is proposed.
Selective Fasciculation and Divergent Pathfinding Decisions of Embryonic Chick Motor Axons Projecting to Fast and Slow Muscle Regions

Proper motor function requires the precise matching of motoneuron and muscle fiber properties. The lack of distinguishing markers for early motoneurons has made it difficult to determine whether this matching is established by selective innervation during development or later via motoneuron–muscle fiber interactions. To examine whether chick motoneurons selectively innervate regions of their target containing either fast or slow muscle fibers, we backlabeled neurons from each of these regions with lipophilic dyes. We found that motor axons projecting to fast and slow muscle regions sorted into separate but adjacent fascicles proximally in the limb, long before they reached the muscle. More distally, these fascicles made divergent pathfinding decisions to course directly to the appropriate muscle fiber region. In contrast, axons projecting to different areas of an all-fast muscle did not fasciculate separately and became more intermingled as they coursed through the limb. Selective fasciculation of fast- and slow-projecting motoneurons was similar both before and after motoneuron cell death, suggesting that motoneurons specifically recognized and fasciculated with axons growing to muscle regions containing the appropriate muscle fiber type. Taken together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that “fast” and “slow” motoneurons are molecularly distinct before target innervation and that they use these differences to selectively fasciculate, pathfind to, and branch within the correct muscle fiber region from the outset of neuromuscular development.
ZigBee-wireless mesh networks for building automation and control

ZigBee is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard to address the unique needs of low-cost low-power wireless sensor networks. This standard takes full advantages of the IEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specification and operates in unlicensed bands worldwide at different frequencies. ZigBee-Wireless Mesh Networks (ZigBee-WMNs) are recognized as a cost-effective and flexible solution for building automation and control. They have the potential to unify the methods of data communication for sensors, actuators, appliances, and asset-tracking devices. They offer a means to build a reliable but affordable network backbone that supports battery-operated devices with a low data rate and a low duty cycle to facilitate building automation and control systems (BACs). This paper illustrates the possibilities and advantages of applying ZigBee-WMNs in BACs to benefit building occupants.
Dietary Phosphate Restriction Decreases Stem Cell Proliferation and Subsequent Growth Potential in Neonatal Pigs

Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and satellite cells are essential for postnatal muscle and bone development and phosphate (PO(4)) restriction reduces both muscle and skeletal tissue growth, no research to our knowledge has investigated the possible mechanism by which this mineral may affect early cell programming. Twenty piglets obtained at 1 d of age (1.8 +/- 0.3 kg) received either a PO(4)-adequate diet or a 25% less PO(4)-available diet over a 15-d trial. Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily and blood samples collected every 5 d. After 15 d, pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine 4 h prior to tissue collection. As expected, PO(4) deficiency resulted in reduced growth (P < 0.05), feed conversion efficiency (P < 0.05), and bone mineral content (P < 0.05), as well as lower plasma concentrations of both PO(4) (P < 0.01) and parathyroid hormone (P < 0.05). In addition to these classical indicators of PO(4) deficiency, there was also reduced proliferation of both MSC (P < 0.01) and satellite cells (P < 0.05) in vivo. The expression of osteocalcin mRNA in bone marrow was also 2-fold greater (P < 0.01) within the PO(4)-adequate treatment group. These data indicate that in addition to reductions in muscle and bone growth, dietary PO(4) affects proliferation of tissue-specific stem cells in vivo. Nutritional programming of tissue-specific stem cells by dietary PO(4) may have profound implications for life-long growth potential.
Stochastic Process of Multiple Cracking in Discontinuous Random Fiber Reinforced Brittle Matrix Composites

The classical ACK model for multiple cracking in a tensile specimen of a fiber reinforced brittle matrix composite does not account for flaw size distribution of the matrix. In this paper, a stochastic treatment of the damage process in the form of multiple cracking in discontinuous random fiber reinforced brittle matrix composites is presented. The effect of matrix flaw size distribution (initial matrix damage) on composite strength and crack spacing is analyzed. The flaw size distribution of the matrix is simulated by a Monte Carlo process. In the simulation, a Weibull-type function is assumed. The conditions for crack growth depending on initial flaw size and external loads as well as fiber bridging effect are highlighted. Unique merits and deficiencies of the current study are also discussed.
The Proteomics of Drusen

The formation of extracellular deposits known as drusen below the macular region of the retina correlates with increased risk of severe visual loss from age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Inflammation and complement dysregulation contribute to AMD progression; however, disease mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Multiple genetic and environmental factors influence AMD pathology, and although immune system processes play a central role, multiple molecular mechanisms appear to be involved. Drusen proteomics, including the analyses of constituent proteins, oxidative protein modifications, and pattern recognition receptors, provide a foundation for deciphering mechanisms of drusen biogenesis and AMD pathology.
The complexity of voltage and reactive power dispatch in control centers: From analysis to on-line decision making

This paper describes the need for on-line decision making in support of reliable, clean and efficient operation of future electric energy systems. This operation will be critically dependent on the systematic dispatch of available resources ranging across real power generation and voltage controllable G&T&D equipment. The emphasis in this paper is on the role of on-line voltage dispatch. An extended AC Optimal Power Flow (AC XOPF) is introduced for computing decisions on-line. It is shown how this software enables optimization of technical and economic decisions in quantifiable ways. Focus then turns to experience with large system studies. It is observed that on-line dispatch of a variety of controllable equipment over the broad range of system conditions is becoming critical during both normal and contingency conditions.
Comparing the factors affecting the selling price of beef calves sold at Arkansas livestock auctions during a declining cattle inventory

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine how declining calf supplies affected the selling price of calves. Data from 12 weekly Arkansas livestock auctions were collected from January 1 to December 31 in 2000, 2005, and 2010. Data included sex, group size, breed or breed type, color, muscle score, horn status, frame score, fill, condition, health, and BW. Mean selling price for 2000, 2005, and 2010 was $93.94 ± 12.80, $117.00 ± 13.41, and $109.12 ± 13.42 (mean ± SD; US dollars/45.45 kg), respectively. Individual price observations were standardized within year (mean = 0). Calves sold in groups received a premium compared with calves sold as singles (P
Autoxidation of FeII(Dihydroxyphenanthroline)3

FeII(OHP)3 (OHP = 4,7-dihydroxy-l,10-phenanthroline) reacts with oxygen rapidly in alkaline aqueous solution. A major product of the reaction is HO2; O2. is a feasible intermediate in the reaction. FeII(OHP)3 reacts with HO2to produce a 1:1 mixture of FeIII(OHP)3and “FeIII(OHP)2(OH)”; this reaction has a rate law that is first order in [FeII(OHP)3] but zero order in [peroxide], with a rate constant of 1.8 x 10-3at 22°C, pH 13. The substitution reaction of FeII(OHP)3 with CN¯ has the same rate law as the redox reaction with HO2and a rate constant of 8 x 10-3 s-1 Both the redox reaction of HO2 and the substitution reaction of CN¯ are interpreted as having loss of the ligand OHP as the rate-limiting step. A sensitive and specific HPLC method has been developed for determination of HO2 in complex mixtures.
A social collaboration argumentation system for generating multi-faceted answers in question and answer communities

In this paper, we propose an innovative approach for the development of social collaboration argumentation systems. These systems enable a community to collaboratively create answers to questions where many possible answers, or nuanced perspectives on a single answer, can be posited. We examine the emergence of critical reasoning via crowdsourced structured discussions, which are built upon a graph-theoretic framework populated by atomic argumentation components. Finally, we address the design of the online community to best facilitate this interaction. Our main contribution is the rationale and design of the system, which can easily be extended to build a general eLearning framework.
Bioarchaeology as a Process: An Examination of Bioarchaeological Tribes in the USA

This chapter reviews the over 35 year history of bioarchaeology within the USA. From a rather humble beginning, the field of bioarchaeology has grown tremendously over that time in terms of practitioners, methodologies, and diversity of research questions. The chapter begins with a quantitative examination of that growth and how particular events and publications may have impacted the trajectory of the field. An exploration of the nature of bioarchaeological training in the country is then presented along with the divergent definitions of “bioarchaeology” that various practitioners have employed. This leads to a discussion of academic lineages within the discipline, and the author delineates two distinct “tribes” of bioarchaeologists that have developed in the USA. Finally, the chapter ends with a summary of recent trends and challenges in contemporary US bioarchaeology.
Comparison of the Olfactory Preferences of Four of Filth Fly Pupal Parasitoid Species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) for Hosts in Equine and Bovine Manure

House flies (Musca domestica L.) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) (Diptera: Muscidae) are common pests in equine and cattle facilities. Pupal parasitoids, primarily in the genera Spalangia and Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), can be purchased for biological control of these flies. However, little is known about the host-habitat preferences associated with host-seeking by these parasitoids. The preferences of two Spalangia and two Muscidifurax species to odors associated with house fly hosts in equine and bovine manure were investigated in the laboratory using a Y-tube olfactometer. Odor stimuli from manure without developing flies, third-instar house flies in manure, and fly host puparia in manure were evaluated. In choice tests, S. cameroni and S. endius were strongly attracted to odor associated with equine manure against clean air. Although S. cameroni was attracted to all bovine manure-containing treatments against clean air, S. endius was only attracted to the bovine manure with third-instar flies. There were no significant differences between the Spalangia species in odor responses. Neither Muscidifurax species were attracted to equine manure treatments and were only attracted to the bovine manure with puparia over clean air. In manure comparison studies, bovine treatments with developing flies were more attractive than the equivalent equine treatments to both Muscidifurax species The data suggest that coexistence between the competing pteromalid parasitoids might be promoted by different host-seeking behaviors. Additionally, manure preferences may indicate parasitoid suitability for releases on different livestock and equine facilities.
Market Crises, Earthquakes, and the Reggeon Field Theory

This paper contains new results for helping to understand financial crises. First, we present a new model for obtaining the probability of equity crises within one year in advance, and we test it. Second and separately, various markets already in crises appear quantitatively related to a theory of nonlinear diffusion called the Reggeon Field Theory calculated years ago. Details are in a longer companion paper i. The time dynamics of the origins of crises are commonly pictured by bubbles growing and collapsing. Our dynamic model, the “CEEC (Critical Exponent Earthquake Crisis) Model”, has these features , and can provide early warning equity crisis signals to help prevent losses. The CEEC Model uses concepts of “critical exponents” from physics plus a qualitative analogy from earthquakes to describe the build-up of bubbles (increase of “frictional stress”) with subsequent crises from bubble collapses (“earthquakes”) . The only inputs to the CEEC model for an equity index are equity index returns. Tests comparing the CEEC model to data yield encouraging results, much better than chance. Here are results from running the model as the user would have run it in the past: • In 69% of the tests for which the model indicated a crisis in the short term (within one year), a crisis was in fact observed within one year. • 31% of actual crises were missed by the model within one year before the crisis. We give a summary of the CEEC model in this short paper. A longer companion paper describing full details of the model will appear. We also analyze various markets already in crisis (equity, FX, commodities, rates, bonds). We find behavior numerically consistent with a theoretical result with no free parameters for the general theory of nonlinear diffusion in physics, generalizing standard Brownian motion, the Reggeon Field Theory RFT. An anomalous RFT critical exponent translated into finance language is around 0.3, and this number qualitatively describes the average behavior of markets in crisis. This 0.3 RFT anomalous variance exponent is perhaps the first number calculated in advance since the Gaussian Brownian diffusion variance exponent (1.0) used in standard finance, without numerically fitting anything.
Using portable particle sizing instrumentation to rapidly measure the penetration of fine and ultrafine particles in unoccupied residences

Much of human exposure to particulate matter of outdoor origin occurs inside buildings, particularly in residences. The particle penetration factor through leaks in a building's exterior enclosure assembly is a key parameter that governs the infiltration of outdoor particles. However, experimental data for size-resolved particle penetration factors in real buildings, as well as penetration factors for fine particles less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) and ultrafine particles less than 100 nm (UFPs), remain limited, in part because of previous limitations in instrumentation and experimental methods. Here, we report on the development and application of a modified test method that utilizes portable particle sizing instrumentation to measure size-resolved infiltration factors and envelope penetration factors for 0.01-2.5 μm particles, which are then used to estimate penetration factors for integral measures of UFPs and PM2.5 . Eleven replicate measurements were made in an unoccupied apartment unit in Chicago, IL to evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of the test procedure and solution methods. Mean estimates of size-resolved penetration factors ranged from 0.41 ± 0.14 to 0.73 ± 0.05 across the range of measured particle sizes, while mean estimates of penetration factors for integral measures of UFPs and PM2.5 were 0.67 ± 0.05 and 0.73 ± 0.05, respectively. Average relative uncertainties for all particle sizes/classes were less than 20%.
Shedding Light on Employee Theft’s Dark Figure: A Typology of Employee Theft Nonreporting Rationalizations

ABSTRACTEmployee theft is one of the most harmful crimes a small business can experience. Yet despite the large financial, organizational, and emotional toll employee theft takes, it is one of the most underreported crimes committed against small businesses. Using data obtained from interviews with victimized small business owners, this article develops a typology of employee theft nonreporting rationalizations. Additionally, interview data indicate that nonreporting rationalizations follow a general pattern of use, beginning with an assessment of the theft as trivial or significant, and proceeding to a consideration of personal factors that influence nonreporting, which is followed by a consideration of the effectiveness of previous interactions with the criminal justice system. Understanding how these rationalizations influence reporting behavior may assist scholars and practitioners to help small businesses better deal with their employee theft experiences, and may also help to explain why employee the...
Mallory bodies in a case of primary biliary cirrhosis: an ultrastructural and morphogenetic study.

The ultrastructural characteristics of Mallory bodies were studied for the first time in a case of primary biliary cirrhosis. The Mallory bodies observed in this study were morphologically identical to those previously described in other pathologic conditions of the liver. The morphogenesis of this hepatocellular alteration was also studied; evidence suggesting the possible origin of Mallory bodies from mitochondrial ribosomes was obtained.
Uricase in Neurospora crassa.

Abstract Uricase from Neurospora crassa has been purified 400-fold. The properties of this enzyme are similar to those of the animal uricases except that it is more soluble at low pH values. Addition of uric acid to the growth medium causes a twofold increase in the amount of enzyme. One atom of oxygen is consumed per mole of uric acid decomposed in the presence of catalase. Spectra taken during the course of the reaction have confirmed the presence of ultraviolet-absorbing intermediates.
Optimization Design of Gun Interior Ballistics Based on Information Entropy

The optimal design of gun interior ballistics is a kind of multi-attribute decision problem,its solution often depends on the selection of weighting information provided by experience of experts,but the weighting information provided by experts have a certain degree of subjectivity and uncertainty,so the solution lacks in objectivity. The entropy weighting information based on information entropy can strengthen contribution of each scheme,weaken the analogy between attributes.Therefore the entropy weighting method has more objectivity.To take account of the methods which are respectively based on the objective entropy weighting method and the expert subjective weighting method synthetically,the deviation of expert subjective weighting method can be adjusted by the objective entropy weighting method,and the optimization result of ballistics design is more rational.This method was adopted in optimal design of a type of gun interior ballistics,and the results showed that the method is rational and effective.
Solving large-scale constraint satisfaction and scheduling problems using a heuristic repair method

This paper describes a simple heuristic method for solving large-scale constraint satisfaction and scheduling problems. Given an initial assignment for the variables in a problem, the method operates by searching though the space of possible repairs. The search is guided by an ordering heuristic, the min-conflicts heuristic, that attempts to minimize the number of constraint violations after each step. We demonstrate empirically that the method performs orders of magnitude better than traditional backtracking techniques on certain standard problems. For example, the one million queens problem can be solved rapidly using our approach. We also describe practical scheduling applications where the method has been successfully applied. A theoretical analysis is presented to explain why the method works so well on certain types of problems and to predict when it is likely to be most effective.
Residual intravesical iodinated contrast: a potential cause of false-negative reflux study at contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography

A 9-month-old girl underwent conventional cyclic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) followed immediately by cyclic contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS). Although the VCUG showed unilateral grade II reflux, the ceVUS showed no reflux. Images from the ceVUS showed posterior dependent layering of the denser iodinated contrast in the bladder. This layering likely prevented reflux of US microbubbles resulting in a false-negative ceVUS. To our knowledge, this potential pitfall has not yet been reported.
Emerging Roles of the Industrial Salesforce in an Era of Long Term Relationships

The industrial salespersons play extremely important roles in selling their firms' offerings to the industrial buyers. Typical roles performed are, seller of products, order handler, service provider, information manager, participation in conferences or meetings, facilitator in management of new sales, entertainment of buyers, and establishing of relationship with distributors (Anderson 1992; Belasco 1966; Buskirk and Buskirk 1992; Christian 1962; Futrelll993; Moncrief 1986). The conceptualization of these roles has remained relatively invariant over the past three decades except for the delineation of roles and increased emphasis on service. These roles were conceptualized with a competitive view of the buyer-seller market (Arndt 1979; 1983). According to the principles of Economics, in competitive markets exchanges between buying and selling firms are carried out under the autonomous decision processes of firms and the market forces guide the allocation of resources and rewards to them through "invisible hand." In short, these roles were developed to enable selling firms to compete with buying firms for the yields of sales transactions. Little or no emphasis was placed on the management of long term relationships with buyers rather, buyer cooperation is assumed to emerge from the extent of its dependence on the seller.
Metaphysical Otherness: Reading the Wonder of Ishmael’s Telling

The world is as it is seen. Point of view is at once a literary technique and a metaphysical principle.2 This chapter will focus on Ishmael’s telling of his story, Moby Dick, of his gripping, awe-filled dramatization of what Paul Brodtkorb describes as ‘the metaphysical isolation of otherness’. My argument takes seriously the fact that Ishmael is the teller of the story told, and is forever mindful that this particular teller is ‘the Ishmael’, as R.W.B. Lewis says, ‘who tells the story after the whole of it has been completed’.3 The ironic nature of this self-knowing narration works on the reader in such a way as to provoke the reader’s participation in the matter(s) of meaning. Indeed, it is precisely this narrative entanglement with the voiced interests and questionings of the wondering Ishmael that brings into play the horizon of the reader’s understanding of his or her voyage ‘into the incertitude of the void’. Much attention will be directed to the perceptive attitude of wonder because it is a psychological disposition crucial to Ishmael’s consciousness and to the significance of those ‘orchestrations of consciousness’ he offers so powerfully to the reader.
Decision Directed AFC for Noncoherent Detectors Experiencing Large Signal Dynamics

This paper presents a decision directed non-coherent AFC scheme for use with M-ary Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) where accurate tracking and noise/jitter performance under large dynamics are required. The AFC uses a linear discriminator to obtain good tracking performance with an associated small degradation in noise performance. Analysis is performed to examine the effects of noise on the linear discriminator and AFC loop and comparisons are made between this linear AFC and nonlinear FFT based schemes under the influence of noise and large dynamics. This AFC is intended for use with any MFSK system and specifically for a frequency-hopping system employing MFSK as a modulation technique. The AFC may also be easily generalized to any orthogonal modulation technique such as M-ary Code Shift Keying or M-ary Time Shift Keying.
Modelling and monitoring of out-time and moisture absorption effects on cure kinetics and viscosity for an out-of-autoclave (OoA) prepreg

Abstract Out-time and moisture absorption during out-of-autoclave (OoA) prepreg preparation are generally unavoidable. The resulting cross-linking and increase in resin viscosity can prevent sufficient flow into the fiber tows during processing and cause porosity. In this study, efficient modelling and in situ methods to monitor cure kinetics and viscosity were developed to account for the effects of out-time and absorbed moisture. First, a commercial OoA prepreg was conditioned to specific levels of out-time and relative humidity (RH). Property data were obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheometry and used to develop cure kinetics and viscosity models for a wide range of process conditions, initial out-times, and humidity conditions. The dielectric signals were correlated to the measured data and used to demonstrate real-time monitoring of resin state during cure. The predictive models were then used to understand the influence of out-time and absorbed moisture on resin viscosity during consolidation of OoA prepreg.
Human HPRT1 gene and the Lesch-Nyhan disease: Substitution of alanine for glycine and inversely in the HGprt enzyme protein.

ABSTRACTLesch–Nyhan disease (LND) is a rare X-linked inherited neurogenetic disorder of purine metabolism in which the enzyme, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt) is defective. The authors report three novel independent mutations in the coding region of the HPRT1 gene from genomic DNA of (a) a carrier sister of two male patients with LND: c.569G>C, p.G190A in exon 8; and (b) two LND affected male patients unrelated to her who had two mutations: c.648delC, p.Y216X, and c.653C>G, p.A218G in exon 9. Molecular analysis reveals the heterogeneity of genetic mutation of the HPRT1 gene responsible for the HGprt deficiency. It allows fast, accurate detection of carriers and genetic counseling.
Attitudes and perceptions of pregnant women with CHD: results of a single-site survey.

Introduction CHD occurs in about 1% of the United States population, and is now the most common cardiac condition affecting women during pregnancy. Methods An anonymous, single-site, cross-sectional, 50-question survey was performed at a national Adult Congenital Heart Disease conference to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding cardiac care during pregnancy in women with CHD. Results A total of 77 women completed the survey. Among them, 50% (n=39) had moderate and 38% (n=29) had severely complex disease; 30% (n=23) of women were told that pregnancy was contraindicated given their underlying cardiac condition. Almost two-thirds (n=50) report being categorised as high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. During pregnancy, 84% (n=65) preferred their cardiologist to have trained in adult CHD, 44% (n=34) were satisfied with adult cardiologists, and 36% (n=28) with paediatric cardiologists. Only 48% (n=37) were aware that a fetal echocardiogram was indicated. Only 35% (n=27) discussed modes of delivery with their providers, and 70% (n=54) preferred their prenatal cardiology visits at an adult hospital. Up to 85% (n=64) of them had discussed contraception with their cardiologists, and 72% (n=56) felt they needed high-risk maternal-fetal medicine to be involved with their care. Conclusions Despite seeking medical care, these pregnant women did not have a full understanding of their condition and their cardiovascular risk during pregnancy. On the basis of these results, further efforts are needed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of women with CHD in relation to their cardiac and obstetric management during pregnancy.
Decentralized minimax control problems with partial history sharing

We consider a decentralized minimax control problem with the partial history sharing information structure. The partial history sharing model is a general decentralized model where (i) controllers sequentially share part of their past data (past observations and control) with each other by means of a shared memory; and (ii) all controllers have perfect recall of the shared data (common information). Instead of modeling the noise variables in dynamics and observations as random variables, we model them as uncertain quantities that take values in some fixed and known finite sets. The objective is to find control strategies that minimize the worst-case cost. We first consider a terminal cost problem. We provide a common information based dynamic program for this decentralized problem. The information state in the dynamic program is the set of feasible values of the current state and local information consistent with the information that is commonly known to all controllers. We then extend the terminal cost problem to incorporate additive costs and common observations.
Tunable low dispersion optical delay line using three coupled micro-resonators

There is a large demand for integrated photonic devices capable of producing controllable pulse delays of optical signals. Normally, the achievable delay is proportional to the length of the optical path making it difficult to achieve significant delays in chip based devices. We propose a tunable optical delay line consisting of a waveguide coupled in an all pass geometry to a serial array of three micro-ring resonators. The coupling between the whispering gallery modes of the rings leads to a triplet of absorption resonances in between which the group delay is very large while pulse dispersion and attenuation is very small. Moreover, the delay and bandwidth are widely tunable by the coupling between the resonators with delays and bandwidths up to several hundred picoseconds and several tens of GHz, respectively. Although attenuation between the resonances is small, we show that including a modest amount of gain in the second and third resonators eliminates the attenuation regardless of how large the losses are in the first resonator.