cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Outcomes for Cardiogenic Shock Patients Bridged to Advanced Heart Therapies with Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support

Purpose The use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) as a bridge to advanced heart replacement therapies (HRT) has increased in the context of the new heart transplant allocation system. As such, it is important to assess contemporary outcomes for this patient population. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of cardiogenic shock patients that were bridged with tMCS to HRT since the allocation system changes. Methods All adult cardiogenic shock patients that were bridged with tMCS to either heart transplantation (OHT) or durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) at our center between October 2018 and September 2020 were identified. The tMCS devices included extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Impella, or temporary surgical VAD. Early and late clinical outcomes were assessed. Results A total of 33 cardiogenic shock patients were bridged to HRT using tMCS devices (OHT = 12, LVAD = 21). Most patients were male (84.9%) and the median age for all patients was 53 years. In terms of initial tMCS therapy, ECMO was used most commonly (64%) followed by Impella (24%) and temporary surgical VAD (12%). Ten patients (30%) required a second bridge-to-bridge device prior to HRT. Median duration of tMCS support for OHT and LVAD patients were 15.5 days (IQR 6.25-25) and 8 days (IQR 5-18.5), respectively. There were no in-hospital or 30-day mortality events. There was one late death in the VAD group at 16 months. Kaplan-meier curve (Figure 1) shows overall survival with median follow up of 8 months. Conclusion Cardiogenic shock patients can be bridged to HRT using contemporary tMCS technology and management with excellent early- and mid-term outcomes.
Gentrification, Gun Violence, and Coordination Failure

In this study, I demonstrate the causal linkage between gentrification and gun violence. I develop a theoretical model of competition in the unregulated illegal drug market, and draw the conclusion that violence in the market is, in part, caused by the officially unenforceable nature of territorial claims. Exogenous shocks, such as gentrification, keep viable territory in a state of constant flux, preventing sustained cooperation between these illegal actors. I then specify a two-way fixed effects differences-in-differences estimator to empirically test the model's prediction that the gentrification of one block will lead to increases in violence across the surrounding neighborhood. I find a robust result, that some 2,400 (8%) of Philadelphia's shootings over the decade of this study's window can be attributed to spillover effects from the gentrification of drug blocks. This effect is nearly ten times stronger when it is a high drug crime block that begins gentrifying. This study further contributes a new easily replicable empirical measurement of gentrification drawn primarily from property sales, along with building, zoning, and alteration permit issuance. This new measurement is able to capture gentrification at its finest and most realistic resolution: the individual block level.
A detailed study of the bridge of excess X-ray emission between the galaxy clusters Abell 2029 and Abell 2033

We examine Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and Chandra observations of the Abell 2029/2033 system to investigate the nature of a bridge of X-ray emission joining the two galaxy clusters. By modelling the contributions from the outskirts of the two clusters, and excluding the emission from the southern infalling group and the background group LOS9, we find a significant excess of X-ray emission between the two clusters at the level of 6.5-7.0$\sigma$, depending on the choice of model, that cannot be explained by the overlap of the clusters. This excess component to the surface brightness is consistent with being emission from a filament with roughly 1.0 Mpc wide. The derived emission measure for the gas associated with the filament yields an average gas density of $3.7^{+1.0}_{-0.7} \times 10^{-5}$ cm$^{-3}$, corresponding roughly to 160 times the mean baryon density of the Universe. The Suzaku X-ray spectrum of the excess emission indicates that it is significantly colder ($1.4_{-0.5}^{+0.7}$ keV) than the cluster outskirts emission from the two clusters ($\sim$ 5 keV), statistically consistent with the temperature expected from the hottest and densest parts of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). The geometry, density, and temperature are similar to those found from X-ray studies of the Abell 222/223 filament.
Convergence and Frontiers

Because evolution is continuous, this chapter presents two plausible scenarios regarding the future. One scenario envisions the continuing ability of those in power to eviscerate mechanisms that hold them accountable to a moral standard. The second envisions a future where the notion of rights is extended far beyond that of the human species. Implications for morality in the present day are considered.
Talking to Children and Adolescents

Child therapists frequently admonish their supervises to speak at the level of the child. Surely, this does not signify that one speak with the speech of the child, but rather at the level of the child’s linguistic competence and ability to grasp what is being said. Thus, the words and grammatical structures that we use ought to coincide as closely as possible with the child’s general cognitive abilities and the actual lexicon that he or she uses. Indeed, this might well be considered a general dictum in adult therapy. Significantly, the impact of using a patient’s own words as opposed to using an alien vocabulary is manifestly effective. We certainly should avoid speaking to patients in metapsychological terms or in the argot of our particular theoretical framework. So why should we use one of the many pretentious codes unless our aim is to further distance us. Instead, we should substitute for classic Latinisms the lingua franca that dominates the therapeutic milieu. Furthermore, since the patient should be doing most of the talking, it ought to be his brand of lingua franca. This task becomes even more controversial when we deal with age-stage related abilities of children and especially those of adolescents wherein the particular variations in linguistic performance characterizing that stage confound our comprehension still more.
Proceedings of the 24th High Performance Computing Symposium

Welcome to the Spring Simulation Multi-Conference 2013 (SpringSim'13) in San Diego, CA. As the General Chair of this year's SpringSim, it is an honor and privilege to be your host for these exciting four days of activities driven and organized by the various members of our society. Despite challenges in the worldwide economy and the overall decrease of funding for travel and conferences, the interest in Modeling and Simulation (M&S) and its applications is still high enough to ensure a challenging and interesting program. From the opening tutorial day where international experts are providing their knowledge to our community to the presentation of peer-reviewed papers, invited special topic presentations, and expert panel discussions the chairs of our symposia did their best to provide an outstanding choice. Without the work of these volunteers, SpringSim would not have been possible.
Nitrification by Aspergillus flavus.

Abstract Marshall, K. C. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.) and M. Alexander. Nitrification by Aspergillus flavus. J. Bacteriol. 83:572–578. 1962.—Aspergillus flavus has been shown to produce bound hydroxylamine, nitrite, and nitrate when grown in peptone, amino acid, or buffered ammonium media. Free hydroxylamine was not detected in these cultures, but it was found in an unbuffered ammonium medium in which neither nitrite nor nitrate was formed. Evidence was obtained for the presence of β-nitropropionic acid in the filtrate of an actively nitrifying culture. Alumina treatment of an ammonium medium prevented the formation by growing cultures of nitrite and nitrate but not bound hydroxylamine. The effect of alumina treatment was reversed by the addition of 10−3m CeCl3 to the medium. Extracts of the fungus contained peroxidase and an enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of nitrite from β-nitropropionic acid. The nitrite-forming enzyme is apparently specific for β-nitropropionate; no activity was found with nitromethane, nitroethane, and nitropropane as substrates. Nitrate was not reduced to nitrite nor was nitrite oxidized to nitrate by the hyphal extracts. The significance of these observations in nitrification by A. flavus is discussed.
Correlating Dynamometer Testing to In-Use Fleet Results of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Standard dynamometer test procedures are currently being developed to determine fuel and electrical energy consumption of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV). To define a repeatable test procedure, assumptions were made about how PHEVs will be driven and charged. This study evaluates these assumptions by comparing results of PHEV dynamometer testing following proposed procedures to actual performance of PHEVs operating in the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) North American PHEV Demonstration fleet. Results show PHEVs in the fleet exhibit a wide range of energy consumption, which is not demonstrated in dynamometer testing. Sources of variation in performance are identified and examined.
Structure of the ionospheric disturbances about planetary entry probes

Local ionospheric disturbances which would be created by a planetary entry probe are investigated. Competing theories of spacecraft-ambient plasma interactions are used to estimate computationally the perturbations of the plasma, particularly the structure of the near wake behind planetary entry vehicles.
The degrees of hepatocyte nuclear but not cytoplasmic expression of hepatitis B core antigen reflect the level of viral replication in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Although immunodetection of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in the liver has long been recognized as a marker of active hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, the correlation between the level of viral replication and the degrees of expression of HBcAg in hepatocytes remains to be established. In this study, we examined the semiquantitative relationship between the level of HBV DNA in serum and the degree of expression of HBcAg in the hepatocyte nucleus or cytoplasm in 80 adults with chronic hepatitis B. Expression of HBcAg in hepatocytes was studied by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method, and the results were scored on a scale of 0 to 4, values corresponding to the positivity of 0, 1 to 10, 11 to 25, 26 to 50, and > 50%, respectively, of hepatocytes examined. Serum HBV DNA was tested by a liquid hybridization assay, and the results were scored on a scale of 0 to 5, values corresponding to undetectable levels and levels of 200 pg/ml, respectively. The results revealed a highly significant, positive correlation between the level of HBV DNA in serum and the degree of expression of HBcAg in nuclei (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.653, P 0.8). In conclusion, the degree of expression of HBcAg in the hepatocyte nucleus but not the cytoplasm can accurately reflect the level of viral replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Stressful life events, acid hypersecretion, and ulcer disease

We have evaluated 2 patients with symptomatic gastric disease who dated the onset of their illnesses to stressful events in their lives. In 1 patient, six family members had recently died and our patient feared that he too would die. The other patient was accused of grand theft, was under police surveillance, and had lost his job. Both patients had markedly increased gastric acid secretion rates that decreased to normal after hospitalization and reassurance in the first case and acquittal in the second case. Ulcer symptoms subsided at the same time as the decrease in acid secretion. Although we cannot prove that severe emotional stress in our patients led to acid hypersecretion and ulcer disease, their courses suggest that stressful life events caused increased acid secretion which, in turn, led to ulceration and symptoms.
Quality-of-life benefit in chemotherapy patients treated with epoetin alfa is independent of disease response or tumor type: results from a prospective community oncology study. Procrit Study Group.

PURPOSETo evaluate prospectively the effectiveness of epoetin alfa as an adjunct to chemotherapy in patients with cancer based on changes in quality-of-life parameters and hemoglobin levels, and to correlate these changes with antitumor response.PATIENTS AND METHODSTwo thousand three hundred seventy patients with nonmyeloid malignancies who received chemotherapy were enrolled onto this study from 621 US community-based practices. Patients received epoetin alfa 10,000 U three times weekly, which could be increased to 20,000 U three times weekly depending on the hemoglobin response at 4 weeks. Treatment continued for a maximum of 16 weeks in patients who showed evidence of hematologic response.RESULTSTwo thousand two hundred eighty-nine patients (97%) were eligible for efficacy analyses. Epoetin alfa therapy was associated with improved quality-of-life parameters; these improvements correlated significantly with hemoglobin levels and were independent of tumor response. Provider-reported Karnofsky performanc...
Contact Area and Static Pressure Profile at the Plate‐Bone Interface in the Nonluted and Luted Bone Plate

Contact area and pressure between 6-hole broad dynamic compression plates and 20 pairs of equine third metatarsal bones were measured using nonluted and luted plating techniques. Pressure-sensitive film (pressure ranges 10 to 50 MPa and 50 to 130 MPa) was used as the static pressure transducer. Nonluted and one of two luting techniques were tested on each pair of bones; each luting technique was tested on 20 bones. Quantitative determinations of contact area and pressure were made using computerized image processing techniques. Mean (+/- SD) total contact area for nonluted plates was 18.49% +/- 3.5% of the potential plate-bone contact area. Luting increased (P < .05) total contact area to 25.56% +/- 4.0% and 31.29% +/- 6.6% for the respective luting techniques. The effects of luting on contact area were dependent on the contact pressure. At contact pressure ranges 10 to 20 and 21 to 35 MPa, luting increased contact area. In contact pressure ranges 36 to 45 and 50 to 65 MPa, plate-bone contact was inherently greatest and plate luting had no significant effect on contact area. In contact pressure ranges 66 to 99 and 100 to 126 MPa, luting decreased contact area. Contact area was increased at lower contact pressures at the expense of higher pressure contact. Contact in the middle third of the plate was 20% to 40% of the contact at either end of the plate. Plate luting increased contact area best where plate-bone contour was most similar.
Studies on the Metabolism and Toxicity of l-Methyl-4-Phenyl-l,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine in Cultures of Embryonic Rat Mesencephalon

: The metabolism of l-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was studied in dissociated cell cultures prepared from embryonic rat mesencephalon. MPTP was added to the feeding medium and at the end of the incubation period MPTP was separated from the water-soluble metabolite by ether extraction. Our results demonstrate that, in cultures, MPTP is oxidized predominantly by monoamine oxidase B, since deprenyl but not clorgyline had an inhibitory effect on its metabolism. The metabolite of MPTP diffuses freely in the feeding medium (99% of the total) and its concentration increases with time. The concentration of the metabolite can be increased by increasing the number of cells plated into the tissue culture dish and the toxicity to dopamine neurons depends on the amount of metabolite accumulated in the feeding medium. The metabolism of MPTP is reduced by decreasing the number of glial cells present in the cultures.
The split system approach to managing time in simulations of hybrid systems having continuous and discrete event components

The efficient and accurate management of time in simulations of hybrid models is an outstanding engineering problem. General a priori knowledge about the dynamic behavior of the hybrid system (i.e. essentially continuous, essentially discrete, or 'truly hybrid') facilitates this task. Indeed, for essentially discrete and essentially continuous systems, existing software packages can be conveniently used to perform quite sophisticated and satisfactory simulations. The situation is different for 'truly hybrid' systems, for which direct application of existing software packages results in a lengthy design process, cumbersome software assemblies, inaccurate results, or some combination of these independent of the designer's a priori knowledge about the system's structure and behavior. The main goal of this paper is to provide a methodology whereby simulation designers can use a priori knowledge about the hybrid model's structure to build a straightforward, efficient, and accurate simulator with existing software packages. The proposed methodology is based on a formal decomposition and re-articulation of the hybrid system; this is the main theoretical result of the paper. To set the result in the right perspective, we briefly review the essentially continuous and essentially discrete approaches, which are illustrated with typical examples. Then we present our new, split system approach, first in a general formal context, then in three more specific guises that reflect the viewpoints of three main communities of hybrid system researchers and practitioners. For each of these variants we indicate an implementation path. Our approach is illustrated with an archetypal problem of power grid control.
Left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in congenital complete heart block: A radionuclide angiographic evaluation

This study evaluates intrinsic cardiac performance during upright exercise in patients with congenital complete heart block. Left ventricular ejection fraction and volume were measured at rest and peak upright exercise with radionuclide angiography in 5 patients aged 11 to 39 years with congenital complete heart block: 4 were in New York Heart Association class I and 1 was in class II. The resting cardiac output was maintained at a normal level by an increase in end-diastolic volume rather than by a decrease in end-systolic volume. The left ventricular ejection fraction was normal at rest in all patients, but an abnormal response to exercise was noted in 3 patients. There was no appreciable change in the end-diastolic volume during exercise. Thus, patients with congenital complete heart block utilize the Starling mechanism to maintain normal resting cardiac output, but the response to exercise is usually abnormal even in the absence of symptoms.
Equivalent variation with uncertain prices

Abstract Government interventions in markets often distort prices. When the price consequences are uncertain, due to objective uncertainty in the economic environment, compensating and equivalent variation must be defined with respect to a cardinal indirect utility function that could be observed from consumer choices on lotteries of price vectors. I discuss the bias in approximating the true equivalent variation with measures that depend only on the ordinal (not cardinal) properties of the indirect utility function, which is easier to observe.
Relative collaborative localization using pyroelectric sensors

The Research Oriented Sensing Inexpensive (ROSI) robot is a new, highly capable mobile sensor node designed to enable collaborative applications. Not only capable of two-way communication, ROSI robots also possess a full suite of traditional small scale sensors which can be augmented with visual information from a digital camera via a semi-dedicated onboard processor. This is accomplished in the same form factor of the original Scouts using commodity components for a low cost. This work details an approach to localizing robots with respect to each other using a collaborative sensing mechanism. Determination of relative angles, overlapping field of view and direction are explored.
Interactions Between Endogenous Virus Loci ev6 and ev21.2. Congenital Transmission of EV21 Viral Product to Female Progeny from Slow-Feathering Dams

Abstract The influence of the endogenous virus ev 6 on congenital transmission of EV21, the infectious viral product encoded by locus ev 21, and the immune response to exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) infection was studied in rapid-feathering (RF) female progeny from four classes of slow-feathering (SF) (ev 21+ and RF (ev 21−) dams with and without ev 6. Apart from transmitting infectious EV21 and ev 6 to progeny, dam ev genotype did not influence the immune response or shedding of RPL-40. The endogenous virus envelope glycoprotein encoded by ev 6, however, completely restricted shedding and congenital transmission of infectious endogenous virus EV21, from SF dams. After 19 wk of exposure to ALV strain RPL-40 infected cage mates, only 11% of the congenitally infected female progeny mounted neutralizing antibodies against RPL-40, whereas 73% of their noncongenitally infected sisters seroconverted. More ev 6+ female progeny, however, were shedders of RPL-40 and developed tumors than ev 6− sisters. Among progeny from the four classes of dams, EV21 congenitally infected hens had the highest incidence (31%) of RPL-40-induced tumors.
Revision Nissen fundoplication can be completed laparoscopically with a low rate of complications: a single-institution experience with 72 children.

Abstract Purpose Recurrent gastroesophageal reflux is a common complication after fundoplication and is often treated with revision fundoplication. We report our experience with laparoscopic redo fundoplication. Methods The medical records of all patients in whom laparoscopic revision fundoplication was attempted over a 7 1/2-year period were reviewed. Results Redo laparoscopic fundoplication was attempted in 72 pediatric patients. Ten patients had undergone initial open fundoplication, and 9 additional patients had prior abdominal surgery. Fifty-one percent of patients were neurologically impaired. Laparoscopic fundoplication was completed in 89% of first-time redo operations and 68% of second revisions with average operative times of 2.2 ± 1.0 and 2.6 ± 0.9 hours, respectively. Herniation of the fundoplication through the hiatus was common (75%) and the fundoplication was intact in 49%. Conversions to laparotomy were because of difficulties with dissection or visualization. No patients required intraoperative transfusion. No patients required reoperation in the perioperative period. There were no perioperative deaths. Twenty-six percent of the 72 patients went on to a third operation for gastroesophageal reflux, and 4 of these had a fourth. Conclusion Revision laparoscopic fundoplication is a technically challenging operation but can usually be completed and is characterized by a low rate of complications.
Performance evaluation of wireless NoCs in presence of irregular network routing strategies

The millimeter (mm)-wave small-world wireless NoC (mSWNoC) is an enabling interconnect architecture to design high performance and low power multicore chips. As the mSWNoC has an overall irregular topology, it is extremely important to design suitable deadlock-free routing mechanisms for it. In this paper we quantify the latency, energy dissipation, and thermal profiles of mSWNoC architectures by incorporating irregular network routing strategies. We demonstrate that the latency, energy dissipation, and thermal profile are affected by the adopted routing methodologies. In presence of the benchmarks considered, the variation in latency and energy dissipation is small. However, the network hotspot temperature can vary considerably depending on the exact routing strategy and the characteristics of the benchmark.
A novel total variation optimization method and its application on blind super-resolution

The total-variation (TV) regularization is very popular because of its ability to deal with noise while preserving important image features. This paper proposes a novel TV-based algorithm which can be applied to many inverse problems such as image de-convolution and super-resolution. The idea is to break the cost function into two parts: a linear part and a nonlinear part containing the TV term, then handling them one after the other in each iteration. This method has overall advantages considering both quality and speed. Then it is applied to blind super-resolution (SR), serving as the solver for both image estimation and the point spread function (PSF) estimation. The PSF estimation is also improved in this work by eliminating boundary pixel values that have not been computed from complete data. Synthetic and real data experiments show the nice performance of the proposed method.
Commitment decisions with partial information updating

In this paper, we extend the results of Ferguson M. Naval Research Logistics 50, 2003, 917-936. on an end-product manufacturer's choice of when to commit to an order quantity from its parts supplier. During the supplier's lead-time, information arrives about end-product demand. This information reduces some of the forecast uncertainty. While the supplier must choose its production quantity of parts based on the original forecast, the manufacturer can wait to place its order from the supplier after observing the information update. We find that a manufacturer is sometimes better off with a contract requiring an early commitment to its order quantity, before the supplier commits resources. On the other hand, the supplier sometimes prefers a delayed commitment. The preferences depend upon the amount of demand uncertainty resolved by the information as well as which member of the supply chain sets the exchange price. We also show conditions where demand information updating is detrimental to both the manufacturer and the supplier. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 52: 780-795, 2005
On the driving of automobiles by older people

A review of the evidence pertaining to the problem of the ageing driver showed that in 1940, 5.9% of the population of licensed drivers was over 60 years of age; by 1960 this proportion had increased to 11.4%. In terms of accidents per licensee, those drivers below the age of 24 and those over the age of 60 years have worse records than those in the middle age groups. Older drivers are more frequently involved in accidents resulting from improper starting and turning and failure to give right of way, while the younger drivers are involved in accidents resulting from speeding and the use of faulty equipment. Attempts to isolate sensory changes with age and identify these as the causes of accidents have given equivocal results. More important are the age changes in perception. Decision making and judgments involving the use of short-term memory in a dynamic situation deteriorate with age, as do intellectual capacities, and there is evidence to suggest that these aspects of the ageing process are more frequently the causes of accidents among old than young drivers. Age by itself cannot be regarded as an adequate basis on which to make a decision concerning a person's ability to drive. Topics for further study are suggested. Language: en
Homodimeric mitochondrial phosphate transport protein. Transient subunit/subunit contact site between the transport relevant transmembrane helices A.

The three Cys of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mitochondrial phosphate transport protein (PTP) subunit were replaced with Ser. The seven mutants (single, double, and complete Cys replacement...
Stable monolayers of fullerene derivatives

Abstract Two new fullerene derivatives 1a and 1b , form robust Langmuir monolayers at the air–water interface, that transfer onto substrates by Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) or Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) techniques. The measured molecular areas (105 A 2 for 1a dropped from a deuterochloform solution at 20°C) reach those expected for a true monolayer of C 60 at the air–water interface. An STM image of an LS film of 1a on HOPG shows considerable order.
The role of annual reports in gender and class contradictions at general motors: 1917–1976

Abstract This paper argues that studies of female exploitation frequently pay too little attention to the broader social context; particularly alienation and crises in the development of late capitalism. This criticism applies with equal force to the domestic labor/housework studies and labor process studies and labor process studies where male domination is often advanced as the primary explanatory variable in accounting for female oppression. Even where labor process researchers have emphasized mediating affects on partiarchial influences (technology and control processes for instance; c.f. Milkman, Politics and Society , pp. 159–203, 1983), we argue that the broader context of alienated capitalist social relations is frequently understated. Female subordination under capitalism is traced to two primary sources in this study: First, that part of the labor process where the existence of female labor facilitates surplus value appropriation by playing the part of an “industrial reserve army” (sometimes “latent”, at other times “floating”). Second, in times of overproduction and underconsumption, capital has invented a consumerist ideology about women to help resolve its crisis of realizing surplus value. Only by seeing these different instances of female oppression as part of a larger, mutually reinforcing configuration of “instances” — emanating from capitalist social relations — are we likely to begin to adequately comprehend the resilience of social ideology concerning women and develop effective political and social counter-strategies. In this research, the above considerations are explored using evidence from a longitudinal study of General Motors where the annual reports are used to monitor the evolution of managerial ideology vis-a-vis women over some sixty years. We see in this study how the manner of women's exploitation changes with changes in the crises facing capitalism. The implications of the study are severalfold: Firwt, we see how a socially “unreflective” view of “management” and “management control systems” may lead to practices that are oppressive and exploitative. Second, we find “the labor process” to be an important but insufficient conceptual terrain for understanding women's oppression; instead we propose that the starting point of any analysis should be capitalist alienation. Third, this work has implications for the various controversies about class essentialism and the primacy of class. (Wright, New Left Review , pp. 11–36, 1983; Giddens, Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis , 1979; Miliband, New Left Review , pp. 57–68, 1983; Tinker, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy , pp. 1–20, 1984). as well as the relation between male domination and class oppression (Fox-Genovese, New Left Review , pp. 5–29, 1982, Goldelier, New Left Review , pp. 3–17, 1981) in that it examines the interplay between class and other forms of domination. Lastly, we see how annual reports may contribute to a general “world view” that aids social appropriation and domination.
Aging but not dietary restriction alters the activation-induced apoptosis in rat T cells.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine if aging or dietary restriction (DR) alters activation-induced cell death, which is known to regulate cell proliferation and eliminate the high number of activated cells during an immune response. Splenic T cells were isolated from young (4–6 months) and old (25–26 months) Fischer 344 rats that had free access to food, ad libitum (AL), and from dietary-restricted (DR) old (25–26 months) rats that beginning at 6 weeks of age were fed 60% (40% food-restricted) of the diet consume by the AL rats. T cells were incubated with anti-CD3 antibody, or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (primary stimulus) for 72–96 h, followed by restimulation with anti-CD3 (secondary stimulus) for 72 h. Activation-induced apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation and the expression of Fas/CD95 receptor and Fas ligand (Fas-L) was measured by flow cytometry. We found that the amount of DNA fragmentation was significantly (P
Issues in CPU-coprocessor communication and synchronization

Abstract This paper deals with the issues in microprocessor fixed and floating-point processors communication and synchronization. In a micro-system consisting of a Fixed Point processor, and Floating-Point coprocessor, it is essential that the two units work at their maximum utilization rate. Three different environments are examined in terms of number of chips. They can consist of each of the units being a separate chip, or two of the units, or all of them being integrated on a single chip. In terms of coupling of the two (or more) processor they can execute their instructions in a lockstep, or run as a complex of independent units. The synchronization strategies are examined in this paper and two approaches for achieving higher performance are proposed.
A comparison of the peroxidase-catalyzed and electrochemical oxidation of uric acid

Abstract The oxidation of uric acid by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of type VIII peroxidase has been studied between pH 5.2 and 8. Intermediates generated in the reaction have been characterized in terms of their U.V. spectra and kinetics of decay. In addition at least one U.V.-absorbing intermediate has been trapped, converted to its trimethylsilyl derivative and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This intermediate is 1-carbohydroxy-2,4,6,8-tetraza-3,7-dioxo-4-ene-bicyclo-(3, 3, 0)-octane. At pH ⩾ 7 the product is allantoin while at lower pH 5-hydroxyhydantoin-5-carboxamide is also formed as a major product. The intermediates and products formed and spectral and kinetic measurements observed during and after peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of uric acid are virtually identical to those noted upon electrochemical oxidation. It has thus been concluded that the mechanisms of electrochemical and enzymic oxidation of uric acid are, in a chemical sense, indentical.
Characterization of Claviceps species pathogenic on sorghum by sequence analysis of the β-tubulin gene intron 3 region and EF-1α gene intron 4.

The intron 3 region of the β-tubulin gene, and intron 4 of the translation elongation factor gene were PCR-amplified, cloned, and sequenced to determine relationships among Claviceps species and ch...
Fast neutron activation analysis of silicon in aluminum alloys

The silicon content in an aluminum-silicon alloy was measured by nondestructive fast neutron activation analysis with fission spectrum neutrons. A boron nitride irradiation container reduced the flux of thermal and epithermal neutrons at the sample position, enhancing the29Si (n, p)29Al reaction. A detection limit of 0.4% silicon in a 0.5 g alloy sample was obtained.
Improving dual-failure performance in WDM optical networks using p-cycle based protection with minimized wavelength conversion costs

We study the configuration and dual-span failure performance of pre-configured protection cycles (p-cycles) in survivable WDM optical networks with partial wavelength conversion. We formulate the problem as an integer linear program using a non-joint optimization approach. p-cycles and wavelength converters are then optimally determined. The objective is to minimize the total cost of link capacity used by p-cycles and the cost of wavelength converters required to accommodate a set of traffic demands, and to select from the set of optimal cost solutions, the solution which has the best survivability performance against dual failures in terms of the average capacity loss, the average restorability, and the efficiency of the protection capacity. The proposed p-cycle configuration architecture takes full advantage of converter sharing, requiring as few converters as possible. Two different performance improvement cost functions are applied as dual-failure protection performance predictors. One is based on the number of unique p-cycles selected; the other is based on the maximum working capacity protected by any single selected p-cycle. Our numerical results indicate that the latter shows the best performance throughout the simulations. The performance of the methodology and the best prediction function depend on which of the performance metrics is considered to be the most important. The size of the network, the maximum allowable p-cycle length and the number of demands all influence this performance.
Development and Empirical Examination of a Model of Factors Influencing Coaches Provision of Autonomy-Support

Grounded in self-determination theory, the purpose of this study was to develop and empirically test a comprehensive model of factors hypothesized to influence coaches' provision of autonomy-support. These ten factors included ego-involvement, self-determination, motivation efficacy, game strategy efficacy, technique efficacy, character-building efficacy, athletes' intrinsic motivation, athletes' competence, external pressure, and stress. Using a cross-sectional study design, 396 high school coaches completed a survey either online or via paper-and-pencil. Data from respondents with complete data (n=304) were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Fit indices provided support for both the measurement and structural model. Twenty-nine percent of the variance in autonomy-support was explained by the predictors in the model. External pressure was a significant negative predictor of coaches' autonomy supportive behaviors. Overall, findings from this study suggest a key intervention target for the promot...
DEVELOPMENT OF A THERAPIST ACTIVITY RATING SCALE: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS '

Summary.-A 61-item scale was constructed of relatively explicit descriptions of behavior in which a psychotherapist might engage. The scale is largely noninferential, is basically atheoretical but applicable to psychodynamically oriented therapy, may be completed by either the therapist or an independent rater with minimal training, and may be used to rate entire therapy sessions or specified segments of sessions. The scale shows high interrater reliability and discriminant validity. The present paper is concerned with the therapist's role in the process of psychotherapy, that is, with the specific interventions carried out by the therapist that may facilitate or hinder the therapeutic process. Various methods for measuring therapists' interventions have been reported in the literature, with the number of items ranging from as many as 100 (Jones, 1985) to as few as 27 (Hoyt, Marmar, Horowitz, & Alvarez, 1981). Each approach for assessing therapists' interventions during therapy has both advantages and disadvantages. Some rating scales require considerable expertise and training because the ratings are highly inferential. Others contain such ambiguous and difficult to rate items as "therapist tries to help patient get relief from tension of unhappy feelings" and "therapist encourages depth rather than shallowness." For these reasons, we have attempted to construct a new scale for therapist's activity that has the strengths of the best of the previous measures. This scale covers a wide range of therapist's behaviors, attempts to be descriptive and largely noninferential, is basically atheoretical, may be completed either by the therapist or an independent rater with a minimal amount of training, is intermediate in length, and may be used to rate either entire therapy sessions or specified segments of sessions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of this scale and to present some preliminary findings. METHOD
Analgesia produced by direct injection of morphine into the mesencephalic reticular formation.

Morphine administered intracerebrally (IC) (10 micrograms as the base on each side) into the MRF produced a significant dose dependent elevation of nociceptive threshold (i.e., analgesia) on the tail flick test and hemostat pinch test. However, morphine IC at lower doses had no analgesic effect. After morphine was injected IC (10 micrograms, bilaterally) into the MRF, naloxone, a specific narcotic antagonist, administered either IC at the same site (15 micrograms, bilaterally) or subcutaneously (10 mg/kg), antagonized the antinociceptive effects of morphine. Thirty percent of the animals given bilateral microinjection of 10 micrograms of morphine displayed hyperreactivity to mild stimuli. This hyperreactivity was not attenuated by large IC or systemic doses of naloxone. It was concluded that the MRF is a site where morphine may act to produce analgesia by a specific narcotic mechanism of action.
Lossy image compression for digital medical imaging systems

Image compression at rates of 10:1 or greater could make PACS much more responsive and economically attractive. This paper describes a protocol for subjective and objective evaluation of the fidelity of compressed/decompressed images to the originals and presents the results ofits application to four representative and promising compression methods. The methods examined are predictive pruned tree-structured vector quantization, fractal compression, the discrete cosine transform with equal weighting of block bit allocation, and the discrete cosine transform with human visual system weighting of block bit allocation. Vector quantization is theoretically capable of producing the best compressed images, but has proven to be difficult to effectively implement. It has the advantage that it can reconstruct images quickly through a simple lookup table. Disadvantages are that codebook training is required, the method is computationally intensive, and achieving the optimum performance would require prohibitively long vector dimensions. Fractal compression is a relatively new compression technique, but has produced satisfactory results while being computationally simple. It is fast at both image compression and image reconstruction. Discrete cosine iransform techniques reproduce images well, but have traditionally been hampered by the need for intensive computing to compress and decompress images. A protocol was developed for side-by-side observer comparison of reconstructed images with originals. Three 1024 X 1024 CR (Computed Radiography) images and two 512 X 512 X-ray CT images were viewed at six bit rates (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 bpp for CR, and 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 2.2, 2.5 bpp for X-ray CT) by nine radiologists at the University of Washington Medical Center. The CR images were viewed on a Pixar II Megascan (2560 X 2048) monitor and the CT images on a Sony (1280 X 1024) monitor. The radiologists' subjective evaluations of image fidelity were compared to calculations of mean square error (MSE), normalized mean square error (NMSE), percentage mean square error (PMSE), and fractal normalized mean square error (FMSE) for each compression method and bit rate.
A digital pixel address generator for pixel array detectors

Abstract An 8×8 analog pixel array detector prototype has been constructed for characterizing a larger 50×50 digital pixel array detector (DPAD) that will be used for protein crystallography. Each detector readout element in the array consists of a preamplifier and shaper, with adjustable reset and shaping times. The readout array is bump-bonded to a Si pixel array detector and provides 64 independent analog output channels for data processing. This paper describes the digital processing electronics which is used for mapping the prototype pixel detector characteristics. The event driven digital encoding circuitry processes each photon hit by grouping each pixel into a column of 8 pixels and then grouping each column into an array of 8 columns forming an 8×8 pixel array. The logic is inexpensive and easy to implement. Results from these measurements were used as an aid in the design of the DPAD detector and DPAD ASIC.
Electrical synapses, a personal perspective (or history).

Gap junctions are the morphological substrate of one class of electrical synapse. This memoir records the author's involvement in the development of our knowledge of the physiology and ultrastructure of electrical synapses. The answer to whether neurotransmission is electrical or chemical is either. One lesson is that Occam's razor sometimes cut too deep; the nervous system does its operations in a number of different ways and a unitarian approach can lead one astray [M.V.L. Bennett, Nicked by Occam's razor: unitarianism in the investigation of synaptic transmission, Biol. Bull. 168 (1985) 159-167]. Electrical synapses can do many things that chemical synapses can do, and do them just as slowly. The new molecular, cellular and physiological techniques will clarify where gap junctions and electrical coupling do and do not occur and permit experimental manipulation with high specificity.
Correlates of Depression among Caregivers of Children Affected by HIV/AIDS in Uganda: Findings from the Suubi-Maka Family Study

This study uses the baseline (wave 1) data from a four-year (2008-2012) longitudinal study called the Suubi-Maka family economic empowerment intervention for AIDS-orphaned children in Uganda funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant # RMH081763A). Specifically, using baseline data from the Suubi-Maka study, this article provides a contextualized understanding of depression levels among caregivers for AIDS-orphaned children in two rural communities heavily affected by AIDS in Uganda: Rakai and Masaka districts. Using baseline data collected from caregivers of children orphaned by AIDS (N=297) the study examines the factors that influence reported depression levels of caregivers of AIDS-orphaned children in rural communities of Uganda. We specifically use ordinary least squares regression methods. In the analysis we control for several demographic factors, including age, gender, assets, social support, and caregiving status. We find that caregivers' reported economic status and social support system are highly correlated with caregivers' reported depression scores. Specifically, caregivers with cash savings and a strong family support system reported better depression scores. These findings have implications for community development practice and programming. Specifically, the study highlights a need for family economic empowerment programs and, strengthened family support among caregivers for AIDS-orphaned children, especially those caregivers with reported poor mental health functioning.
Three-Dimensional Programmable Assembly by Untethered Magnetic Robotic Micro-Grippers

Mobile sub-millimeter micro-robots have demonstrated untethered motion and transport of cargo in remote, confined or enclosed environments. However, limited by simple design and actuation, they lack remotely-actuated on-board mechanisms required to perform complex tasks such as object assembly. A flexible patterned magnetic material which allows internal actuation, resulting in a mobile micro-gripper which is driven and actuated by magnetic fields, is introduced here. By remotely controlling the magnetization direction of each micro-gripper arm, a gripping motion which can be combined with locomotion for precise transport, orientation, and programmable three-dimensional assembly of micro-parts in remote environments is demonstrated. This allows the creation of out-of-plane 3D structures and mechanisms made from several building blocks. Using multiple magnetic materials in each micro-gripper, the addressable actuation of gripper teams for parallel, distributed operation is also demonstrated. These mobile micro-grippers can potentially be applied to 3D assembly of heterogeneous meta-materials, construction of medical devices inside the human body, the study of biological systems in micro-fluidic channels, 3D micro-device prototyping or desktop micro-factories.