cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sponge erosion under acidification and warming scenarios: differential impacts on living and dead coral.

Ocean acidification will disproportionately impact the growth of calcifying organisms in coral reef ecosystems. Simultaneously, sponge bioerosion rates have been shown to increase as seawater pH decreases. We conducted a 20-week experiment that included a 4-week acclimation period with a high number of replicate tanks and a fully orthogonal design with two levels of temperature (ambient and +1 °C), three levels of pH (8.1, 7.8, and 7.6), and two levels of boring sponge (Cliona varians, present and absent) to account for differences in sponge attachment and carbonate change for both living and dead coral substrate (Porites furcata). Net coral calcification, net dissolution/bioerosion, coral and sponge survival, sponge attachment, and sponge symbiont health were evaluated. Additionally, we used the empirical data from the experiment to develop a stochastic simulation of carbonate change for small coral clusters (i.e., simulated reefs). Our findings suggest differential impacts of temperature, pH and sponge presence for living and dead corals. Net coral calcification (mg CaCO3 cm(-2) day(-1) ) was significantly reduced in treatments with increased temperature (+1 °C) and when sponges were present; acidification had no significant effect on coral calcification. Net dissolution of dead coral was primarily driven by pH, regardless of sponge presence or seawater temperature. A reevaluation of the current paradigm of coral carbonate change under future acidification and warming scenarios should include ecologically relevant timescales, species interactions, and community organization to more accurately predict ecosystem-level response to future conditions.
Going for Brokers Political Innovation and Structural Integration in a Changing Ashanti Community

Local chiefs and headmen frequently bear the brunt of interhierachical conflict in African nations, resulting in severe intrarole tensions. Many theorists consider this the natural outcome of an inherent incompatibility between traditional and modern political structures, with both making conflicting demands upon local officials. This article supports an alternative position, arguing that dynamic interaction between these structures may actually promote political cohesion. A case study from Ashanti is presented documenting how, at the local level, new positions are created to perform traditional functions while long-established leadership roles are coopted in the service of modernization. These local innovations are further assessed in the context of their articulation with “state” and national systems over the past century. Results of this analysis show that: (1) in complex sociopolitical structures discrete systemic levels may respond differently to “common” external stimuli, and (2) effective political...
Sustained disease-free survival achieved with withdrawal of immunosuppression after rapid relapse of myelodysplastic syndrome following myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation: a case report

Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplasia is a challenging problem with limited treatment options. Attempts to induce a graft-versus-leukemia effect have been used with limited success. In patients with myelodysplasia, sustained complete remissions have generally been limited to patients with long-term remission after transplant and those with low numbers of marrow blasts. We report the case of a 41-year-old Caucasian woman with relapsed myelodysplastic syndrome and a high blast percentage six months after undergoing an allogeneic transplant who achieved a sustained complete remission after withdrawal of immunosuppression alone. This case highlights the importance of a reasonable period of observation after withdrawing immunosuppression to induce graft-versus-leukemia, and the potential effectiveness of that approach.
Intratesticular Androgen Levels, Androgen Receptor Localization, and Androgen Receptor Expression in Adult Rat Sertoli Cells

In the rat, quantitatively normal spermatogenesis is maintained only when intratesticular testosterone (ITT) levels greatly exceed the peripheral T concentration. When ITT concentrations fall below a threshold, germ cells are lost at specific stages of the seminiferous cycle. Germ cells can be restored by high doses of T that binds to androgen receptors (AR) in Sertoli cells. However, the relationships between germ cell dynamics, AR-mediated molecular events, and ITT concentrations are not established. ITT levels may regulate germ cell life and death through an effect on AR localization and AR mRNA or protein levels within Sertoli cells at specific stages of the cycle. We determined AR localization and mRNA and protein expression in adult rat Sertoli cells in relation to reduced and then restored ITT concentrations in vivo. ITT levels were reduced by implanting rats with T- and estradiol (E)-filled capsules for 7-28 days and subsequently restored with large T-filled capsules. AR is normally localized within Sertoli cell nuclei at stages VII-VIII of the seminiferous epithelium. After T/E treatment, AR immunostaining in Sertoli cell nuclei became nondetectable by 14-28 days but was restored 6 h following T restoration. The loss of Sertoli cell nuclear AR localization correlated with increasing numbers of apoptotic germ cells. AR mRNA levels in isolated Sertoli cells did not change through 14 days of T/E treatment, increased significantly by Day 28, and remained elevated 24 h after T restoration. AR mRNA levels in microdissected tubules at stages II-IV, VI-VIII, and IX-XII did not decrease through 14 days of T/E treatment. In contrast, AR protein levels were reduced in seminiferous tubules by Day 14 and in testes at Day 28 post-T/E treatment but were restored within 24 h by T repletion. Therefore, the reduction of ITT concentration results in a time-dependent redistribution of AR and reduced AR protein but not AR mRNA levels in Sertoli cells. Repletion of T restored AR protein and it relocated to Sertoli cell nuclei. By an unknown mechanism, T regulates AR localization within Sertoli cells to determine germ cell life or death.
Response to a Steady Poleward Outflow. Part I: The Linear, Quasigeostrophic Problem

Abstract The response of a zonal channel to a uniform, switched-on but subsequently steady poleward outflow is presented. An eastward coastal current with a Kelvin wave’s cross-shore structure is found to be generated instantly upon initiation of the outflow. The current is essentially in geostrophic balance everywhere except for the vicinity of the outflow channel mouth, where the streamlines must cross planetary vorticity contours to feed the current. The adjustment of this region generates a plume that propagates westward at Rossby wave speeds. The cross-shore structure of the plume varies with longitude, and at any given longitude it evolves with time. The authors show that the plume evolution can be understood both conceptually and quantitatively as the westward propagation of the Kelvin current’s meridional spectrum, with each spectral element propagating at its own Rossby wave group velocity.
Impact of system-level changes and training on alcohol screening and brief intervention in a family medicine residency clinic: a pilot study.

Background Although screening and brief intervention (SBI) are effective in reducing unhealthy alcohol use, major challenges exist in implementing clinician-delivered SBI in primary care settings. This 2006–2007 pilot study describes the impact of systems changes and booster trainings designed to increase SBI rates in a family medicine residency clinic which annually screened adults with a self-administered AUDIT-C questionnaire and used paper prompts to encourage physician interventions for patients with positive screens.
Planning fireworks trajectories for steerable medical needles to reduce patient trauma

Accurate insertion of needles to targets in 3D anatomy is required for numerous medical procedures. To reduce patient trauma, a “fireworks” needle insertion approach can be used in which multiple needles are inserted from a single small region on the patient's skin to multiple targets in the tissue. In this paper, we explore motion planning for “fireworks” needle insertion in 3D environments by developing an algorithm based on Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRTs). Given a set of targets, we propose an algorithm to quickly explore the configuration space by building a forest of RRTs and to find feasible plans for multiple steerable needles from a single entry region. We present two path selection algorithms with different optimality considerations to optimize the final plan among all feasible outputs. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm with a simulation based on a prostate cancer treatment environment.
A system to demonstrate the bistability in molecules for application in a molecular QCA cell

We present a system to test the bistability of individual molecules for application in a QCA cell. The system presented consists of two polysilicon gate electrodes which sit adjacent to two highly-doped windows of silicon to which molecules can be bound. To enable the detection of switching activity the two highly doped regions are electrically connected to the island of a single-electron transistor (SET) which serves as an electrometer. Using this design we facilitate a differential measurement approach where a single molecular switching event should be seen in the conductance of the SET.
Economic viability of pursuing a space power system concept

Space power systems (SPS) offer the potential for providing a vast quantity of electrical power in an environmentally clean manner that does not rely heavily upon nonrenewable resources. However, the project would represent man's most ambitious endeavor in space to date--one which is fraught with uncertainties. This paper addresses the economic uncertainties surrounding SPS and specifically focuses on the economic viability of pursuing the SPS concept. The existing state-of-knowledge relevant to a photovoltaic concept SPS is quantified and used to evaluate and compare programmatic options using a decision tree approach. The approach taken provides a measure of program success or failure at various stages of concept development and implementation and provides a mechanism for typing together the engineering and economic aspects of system design.
Surface-independent structure characterization using fuzzy logic

The surface topology of electronically active films can significantly influence the characteristics of the devices in which they are incorporated [1, 2]. Therefore, advanced surface characterization techniques are becoming increasingly important for effective design and performance modeling of the devices.
Ultrasound-guided approach for axillary brachial plexus, femoral nerve, and sciatic nerve blocks in dogs.

Abstract Objective To describe an ultrasound-guided technique and the anatomical basis for three clinically useful nerve blocks in dogs. Study design Prospective experimental trial. Animals Four hound-cross dogs aged 2 ± 0 years (mean ± SD) weighing 30 ± 5 kg and four Beagles aged 2 ± 0 years and weighing 8.5 ± 0.5 kg. Methods Axillary brachial plexus, femoral, and sciatic combined ultrasound/electrolocation-guided nerve blocks were performed sequentially and bilaterally using a lidocaine solution mixed with methylene blue. Sciatic nerve blocks were not performed in the hounds. After the blocks, the dogs were euthanatized and each relevant site dissected. Results Axillary brachial plexus block Landmark blood vessels and the roots of the brachial plexus were identified by ultrasound in all eight dogs. Anatomical examination confirmed the relationship between the four ventral nerve roots (C6, C7, C8, and T1) and the axillary vessels. Three roots (C7, C8, and T1) were adequately stained bilaterally in all dogs. Femoral nerve block Landmark blood vessels (femoral artery and femoral vein), the femoral and saphenous nerves and the medial portion of the rectus femoris muscle were identified by ultrasound in all dogs. Anatomical examination confirmed the relationship between the femoral vessels, femoral nerve, and the rectus femoris muscle. The femoral nerves were adequately stained bilaterally in all dogs. Sciatic nerve block Ultrasound landmarks (semimembranosus muscle, the fascia of the biceps femoris muscle and the sciatic nerve) could be identified in all of the dogs. In the four Beagles, anatomical examination confirmed the relationship between the biceps femoris muscle, the semimembranosus muscle, and the sciatic nerve. In the Beagles, all but one of the sciatic nerves were stained adequately. Conclusions and clinical relevance Ultrasound-guided needle insertion is an accurate method for depositing local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus, femoral, and sciatic nerve blocks.
In Vivo Measurement of Localized Tibiofemoral Cartilage Strains in Response to Dynamic Activity

Background:Altered local mechanical loading may disrupt normal cartilage homeostasis and play a role in the progression of osteoarthritis. Currently, there are limited data quantifying local cartilage strains in response to dynamic activity in normal or injured knees.Purpose/Hypothesis:To directly measure local tibiofemoral cartilage strains in response to a dynamic hopping activity in normal healthy knees. We hypothesized that local regions of cartilage will exhibit significant compressive strains in response to hopping, while overall compartmental averages may not.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Both knees of 8 healthy subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and immediately after a dynamic hopping activity. Images were segmented and then used to create 3-dimensional surface models of bone and cartilage. These pre- and postactivity models were then registered using an iterative closest point technique to enable site-specific measurements of cartilage strain (defined as the n...
Kinect in the kitchen: testing depth camera interactions in practical home environments

Depth cameras have become a fixture of millions of living rooms thanks to the Microsoft Kinect. Yet to be seen is whether they can succeed as widely in other areas of the home. This research takes the Kinect into real-life kitchens, where touchless gestural control could be a boon for messy hands, but where commands are interspersed with the movements of cooking. We implement a recipe navigator, timer and music player and, experimentally, allow users to change the control scheme at runtime and navigate with other limbs when their hands are full. We tested our system with five subjects who baked a cookie recipe in their own kitchens, and found that placing the Kinect was simple and that subjects felt successful. However, testing in real kitchens underscored the challenge of preventing accidental commands in tasks with sporadic input.
Design and Theoretical Evaluation of Micro-Surgical Manipulators for Orbital Manipulation and Intraocular Dexterity

This paper addresses the design considerations and dexterity evaluation of a novel hybrid two-armed micro-surgical slave robot equipped with intraocular dexterity devices. A unified framework for the kinematic modeling of this robot is presented while using the kinematic constraints stemming from the constrained motion of the eye. An augmented Jacobian describing the kinematics of the eye and the relative motion of each one of the two intraocular dexterity robots (IODR) is presented. Using this framework, the capabilities of this two-armed robot in performing dexterous intraocular operations are evaluated and compared to a similar robot without intraocular dexterity. The kinematic conditioning index (KCI) for the proposed robot is shown to be significant. The results presented show an increase of approximately 33% and 47% in translational and rotational KCI respectively
Oh, Behave! Behavior as an Interaction between Genes & the Environment.

This lesson is designed to teach students that behavior is a trait shaped by both genes and the environment. Students will read a scientific paper, discuss and generate predictions based on the ideas and data therein, and model the relationships between genes, the environment, and behavior. The lesson is targeted to meet the educational goals of undergraduate introductory biology, evolution, and animal behavior courses, but it is also suitable for advanced high school biology students. This lesson meets the criteria for the Next Generation Science Standard HS-LS4, Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity (NGSS Lead States, 2013).
Multiple sleep mode leakage control for cache peripheral circuits in embedded processors

This paper proposes a combination of circuit and architectural techniques to maximize leakage power reduction in embedded processor on-chip caches. It targets cache peripheral circuits, which according to recent studies account for a considerable amount of cache leakage. At circuit level, we propose a novel design with multiple sleep modes for cache peripherals. Each mode represents a trade-off between leakage reduction and wakeup delay. Architectural control is proposed to decide "when and how" to use these different low-leakage modes using cache miss information to guide its action. This control is based on simple state machines that do not impact area or power consumption and can thus be used even in the resource constrained processors. Experimental results indicate that proposed techniques can keep the L1 cache peripherals in one of the low-power modes for more than 85% of total execution time, on average. This translates to an average leakage power reduction of 50% for 65nm technology. The DL1 cache energy-delay product is reduced, on average, by 20%.
The influence of yolk protein proteolysis on hydration in the oocytes of Fundulus heteroclitus

Growth in oocytes of many marine teleosts can be attributed to a combination of yolk accumulation during the vitellogenic phase of development and water uptake during meiotic maturation. In the salt marsh fish, Fundulus heteroclitus, hydration associated with maturation gives rise to a greater than two-fold increase in oocyte volume. It has been proposed that a concurrent proteolysis of specific yolk proteins may be the mechanism driving this water uptake. To test this hypothesis, we used various in vitro culture techniques to block or significantly reduce oocyte hydration while allowing meiotic maturation to continue, then examined yolk proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We were able to dissociate yolk proteolysis from both hydration and nuclear maturation stimulated by a maturation-inducing steroid, 17α-hydroxy- 20β-dihydroprogesterone. It therefore appears that the proteolysis of specific yolk proteins observed in maturing oocytes of marine teleosts is an independent developmental event, and is not directly involved in the hydration mechanism.
Deliberate Practice as a Tool for Effective Teaching in Physical Education

The pressure on students, teachers, administrators and teacher preparation programs to demonstrate increased performance is at an all-time high. Teachers need to be willing to make deliberate changes to improve teaching effectiveness and increase student learning. The purpose of this article is to share practical steps that physical education teachers can take for implementing deliberate practice as a tool for professional development in their classrooms. Deliberate practice is specifically designed to increase teacher effectiveness. It requires repetition and constant feedback, and demands the teacher be highly focused on the process. Teachers of all experience levels can utilize the practical techniques provided in this article to increase their performance and enhance the teaching and learning environment.
A New Method to Visualize the Intact Subretina From Retinal Pigment Epithelium to Retinal Tissue in Whole Mount of Pigmented Mouse Eyes

Purpose The subretinal layer between apical retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the apices of the photoreceptor outer segments is important to aging and degenerative pathogenesis, but current protocols do not provide intact horizontal images of this retinal space. Thus, an RPE/retina whole mount staining protocol was developed to observe integral subretinal regions. Methods RPE/retina whole mounts were stained instead of separated retina or RPE whole mounts. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment was applied in different conditions of concentration, time, and temperature for the bleaching of RPE and choroidal melanocyte pigmentation in the pigmented RPE/retina whole mounts before antibody staining. Results An RPE/retina whole mount staining protocol provided better morphology of the photoreceptor outer segment than current retina whole mount. For the pigmented eyes, 10% H2O2 pretreatment effectively bleached melanin at 55°C less than 2 hours, or at 4°C within 7 days, without significant effect on immunolabeling efficacy of most antibodies tested. Actually, 55°C bleaching improved immunolabeling intensities compared to the nonbleaching control. This melanin bleaching RPE/retina protocol was applied further to observe macrophage/microglia extending from the sclera to outer plexiform layer in the CX3CR1+/GFP retina. Conclusions The pigment bleaching RPE/retina whole mount allowed integral horizontal imaging between choroid to photoreceptor layers, which could not be accomplished with existing methods of separated retina or RPE whole mount. Under these procedures, antigenicity of most antibodies also was well preserved. Translational relevance This efficient protocol provides a tool to observe an integral view of subretinal structures including macrophage/microglia and transplanted cells, and further allows study of the interrelationship between the choroid and photoreceptor in models of aging, disease, and retinal degeneration.
Modeling of shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions

The application of a new low-Reynolds number turbulence model to the calculation of shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction flows are presented in this paper. The formulation of the new model contains no quantities such as the wall distance and is tensorially invariant. The selected cases feature a range of flow phenomena commonly observed in the interaction between shock waves and turbulent boundary layers. The new model predictions of these phenomena are compared with those using two existing low-Reynolds number models. The results show that the new model performs well for these cases.
Effect on patient outcome of residual DCIS in patients with complete eradication of invasive breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

530 Background: To determine whether residual ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) after completion of preoperative chemotherapy affects the outcome of patients with hiostologically defined complete era...
Overview of Commercial Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Sensors for Aircraft Applications

In most commercial airliners, the air that is used to pressurize the cabin and provide safe, breathable air to the passengers comes through the bleed-air system which draws compressed air from the engines of the aircraft. However, contamination of this air supply from gases like carbon monoxide (CO) is a potential problem which might compromise the safety of the passengers and crew; therefore, the Federal Aviation Administration has set a maximum allowable concentration of CO gas in the cabin. There are ongoing efforts to find reliable sensors that are capable of accurately measuring the amounts of CO onboard aircraft. In this study, a total of ten commercially available, electrochemical CO sensors and sensor packages have been selected for testing in an environmentally sealed chamber where the total pressure and CO gas concentration could be controlled. The sensors were evaluated at total pressures of 101.3 kPa (1 atm), 87.5 kPa (4000 feet altitude equivalent), and 75.3 kPa (8000 feet altitude equivalent) which are a selection of the pressures typically encountered during the various stages of commercial airline flight. In addition, the effect of molecular oxygen on the sensors’ performance was evaluated. The concentrations of CO used in this study ranged from 18 to 250 ppm CO and were supplied from pre-mixed tanks with the balance of the gas being nitrogen. The concentration of the CO inside the sensor chamber was monitored by a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum GX Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR). A review of the performance of the commercial CO sensors in this environment is presented.
Teaching Race at Historically White Colleges and Universities: Identifying and Dismantling the Walls of Whiteness:

In this article we outline the ‘walls of whiteness’ that make it difficult to teach the sociology of race and racism and make it difficult for students at historically white colleges and universiti...
Use of uric acid analysis to evaluate alfalfa seed chalcid infestation in alfalfa seed.

A determination was made of the uric acid content of 6 replicated seed samples, 1 having no infestation, and 5 with alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovskii (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), infestations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. Even increments were chosen so that the data could be compared using regression orthogonal comparisons. The chemical method consisted essentially of incubating the sample with the enzyme uricase and following the optical density at 292 millimicrons with a function of time. A linear comparison among the 6 degrees of infestation was found to be highly significant at the 1% level of probability. A regression curve was plotted and was suggested to be a standard curve of infestation. Six different units contributing to the overall uric acid content found in each seed sample were analyzed for their individual uric acid content. The uric acid content for vacated seeds was determined to differ significantly from all other units, using a multiple mean comparison test. The methods employed appeared to be sensitive, accurate, and economical. Practical applications of the technique are possible.
Neck Circumference, Brain Imaging Measures, and Neuropsychological Testing Measures.

Background Perivascular fat may have direct effects on local vascularity. Neck fat is associated with carotid intimal thickness, a predictor of brain aging outcomes. This study investigated whether neck circumference, an estimation of neck fat, has unique associations with brain aging outcomes. Methods The study sample (n = 2082, 53.5% women, mean age 60.9 years) was derived from Framingham Heart Study participants with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological (NP) test measures. Multivariable-adjusted regressions examined cross-sectional associations of neck circumference with brain MRI and NP test measures. Models were also constructed with waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) as exposures. Results A 1 standard deviation (2.8 cm [women]; 2.9 cm [men]) increment in neck circumference was associated with lower total cerebral brain volume (β = −.22, P = .0006) and lower frontal brain volume (β = −.55, P Conclusions There were no unique associations between neck circumference and brain MRI or NP measures. Consistent with prior observations, all adiposity measures showed associations with more adverse brain MRI and NP measures, suggesting a global association of generalized adiposity.
Erratum to: identification of biofilm proteins in non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae

It has come to the editor's attention that the additional files referred to in the original article [1] were not included at publication. We would like to sincerely apologize for this error. The additional files can be accessed below.
Simulation Research on the Position of Anti-Submarine Vessel for the Large Surface Ship Formations in Navigation

In this paper,a method of position-defining of anti-submarine vessel for the large surface ship formations in navigation is suggested.After analyzing the anti-submarine areas,the principles of determining the position of anti-submarine vessel are proposed,and the corresponding mathematical models are established.The influence of the parameters on the position of anti-submarine vessel is analyzed by simulations calculation.The models can be used to determine the position of anti-submarine vessel.
Rising Chinese Power and Territorial Assertiveness in the South China Sea: India-Vietnam Strategic Partnership as a Counterbalancing Endeavor

The People’s Liberation Army Navy’s deployment of ships and submarines in the Indian Ocean region (IOR) has been an enormous source of apprehension in India, which fears encirclement by China. To counter China, the Indian navy has started regular port visits with friendly states such as Vietnam and the Philippines. The Indian government has revived the somewhat dormant “Look East” policy and rechristened it as “Act East” policy under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. As a part of this newly revised “Act East” policy India aims to develop stronger relations with states that have ongoing disputes with China in the South China Sea such as Vietnam and the Philippines. India has sought to pressure Beijing on the maritime front in an area that is rife with conflict and overlapping territorial claims. India’s maritime strategy is increasingly shifting to sea-control and forward looking naval diplomacy. Vietnam has emerged as a focal state in India’s “Act East” policy and as a strategic partner in countering China’s maritime assertiveness. This chapter examines India’s growing closeness and strategic partnership with Vietnam, which is emerging as a frontline state in India’s eastward pivot, as the territorial conflict and competition with the People’s Republic of China is intensifying. India’s overtures towards Vietnam should be understood in the context of India’s territorial conflict with China and the growing crosscutting international alliance that is emerging against China’s territorial expansionism and aggressiveness in South China and East China Sea. India does not have a direct stake in the South China Sea maritime dispute, but it increasingly views China’s highly assertive and domineering behavior as a harbinger of Chinese actions in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), and in the highly contentious border dispute in the Himalayas.
Deliberative Civic Engagement in Public Administration and Policy

This article explores deliberative civic engagement in the context of public administration and policy. The field of public administration and policy is seeing a resurgence of interest in deliberative civic engagement among scholars, practitioners, politicians, civic reformers, and others. Deliberative processes have been used to address a range of issues: school redistricting and closings, land use, and the construction of highways, shopping malls, and other projects. Additional topics include race and diversity issues, crime and policing, and involvement of parents in their children’s education. Finally, participatory budgeting, which has been used with success in Porto Alegre, Brazil since 1989 and has been employed in over 1,500 cities around the world, has been one of the most promising forms of deliberative civic engagement. Finally, the article suggests what we must do to build a civic infrastructure to support deliberative civic engagement, including government, but also practitioners and scholars.
R2M: A RECONFIGURABLE REWRITE MACHINE

Term rewriting is a popular computational paradigm for symbolic computations such as formula manipulation, theorem proving and implementations of nonprocedural programming languages. In rewriting, the most demanding operation is repeated simplification of terms by pattern matching them against rewrite rules. We describe a parallel architecture, R2M, for accelerating this operation. R2M can operate either as a stand-alone processor using its own memory or as a backend device attached to a host using the host’s main memory. R2M uses only a fixed number (independent of input size) of processing units and fixed capacity auxiliary memory units, yet it is capable of handling variable-size rewrite rules that change during simplification. This is made possible by a simple and reconfigurable interconnection present in R2M. Finally, R2M uses a hybrid scheme that combines the ease, and efficiency of parallel pattern matching using the tree representation of terms, and the naturalness of their dag representation for replacements.
Maintaining the Design Intent in the Synthesis of 3-D and 1-D System Models Using Constraints

Systems design consists of both geometry-based three-dimensional (3-D) and energy-based one-dimensional (1-D) models. Automatically synthesizing 1-D and 3-D models from the same specification is useful because it saves time and eliminates errors. State-of-the-art synthesis algorithms use a one-to-one mapping of 3-D to 1-D artifacts and therefore only cover the geometric aspects of the design. In this paper, we propose an approach where constraints are abstracted to the functional level and integrated with the functional models, thus providing for efficient 3-D to 1-D mapping and allowing for 1-D to 3-D mapping. Additionally, we present our work in the context of product lifecycle management systems and demonstrate the novel capabilities of our software using a real-world satellite and excavator design examples.
Oxygen Administration Does Not Influence the Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-analysis

Background The safety and efficacy of supplemental oxygen in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. Study question To evaluate the safety and efficacy of supplemental oxygen in patients who present with AMI. Data sources We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and conference proceedings from inception through January 2016. Study design Eligible studies were randomized trials that evaluated the role of oxygen compared with room air in AMI. The clinical outcome measured was 30-day mortality, and odds ratio (OR) was calculated for the measured outcome. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to pool 30-day mortality in a random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of revascularization of the culprit artery on the outcome. Results The pooled analysis suggested no difference in 30-day mortality [OR 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30-4.00; P = 0.89] between oxygen and room air. Metaregression demonstrated that all the between-study variance was because of coronary revascularization (P = 0.01, R = 1.0). A subgroup analysis suggested a trend toward increased mortality with oxygen (OR 3.26; 95% CI, 0.94-11.29; P = 0.06) when less than half of the patient population underwent revascularization. On the other hand, there was a nonsignificant numerical decrease in mortality with oxygen (OR 0.41; 95% CI, 0.14-1.19; P = 0.10) in the presence of coronary revascularization. Metaregression confirmed that all the between-study variance was because of coronary revascularization (P = 0.01, R = 1.0). Conclusions In this meta-analysis, we found that the evidence on the safety and efficacy of oxygen was not only weak and inconsistent but also had modest statistical power. The variation in results was mainly because of the presence or absence of revascularization of the culprit artery. Adequately powered studies are needed to further delineate the role of oxygen in patients undergoing coronary revascularization.
CBIO-43ROLE OF BASIGIN-3 IN MMP EXPRESSION IN GBM

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of brain tumor. With the current standard of care, the five year survival rate for GBM patients is less than 3%. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms promoting growth and survival of GBMs may result in novel treatments for this disease. A recent report indicated that the expression of the protein Basigin is a significant prognostic indicator for tumor grade in GBM patients, with tumors expressing highest levels of basigin protein correlating with the most aggressive tumors (Yang 2013). The Basigin gene family contains four isoforms, with Basigin-2 the predominant isoform expressed in both normal and diseased tissue. In 2011, Liao et al, suggested that Basigin-3 interacts with Basigin-2 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HHC), leading to decreased tumor growth and invasion. Because the Basigin-2 protein (CD-147/EMMPRIN) is a known inducer of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) the inhibition of Basigin-2 through its interaction with Basigin-3 should decrease both tumor growth and MMP expression. To test this hypothesis, a recombinant Basigin-3/mKate2 fluorescent protein fusion was overexpressed in a GBM cell line (LN229), and RT-qPCR was used to measure MMP gene expression. Confocal microscopy and western blot analysis confirmed the over-expression of Basigin-3 in the transfected populations. However, the overexpression of Basigin-3 did not reduce the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3. Our data suggest that the role of Basigin-3 in GBM may be different from what was shown in HHCs. Currently, we are performing FRET analysis between Basigin-2 and Basigin-3 to confirm their interaction in our model.
Progress in socio‐hydrology: a meta‐analysis of challenges and opportunities

Socio-hydrology was introduced 4 years ago into the scientific lexicon, and elicited several reactions about the meaning and originality of the concept. However, there has also been much activity triggered by the original paper, including further commentaries that clarified the definitions, and several papers that acted on the definitions, and through these activities further clarified and illustrated the meaning and usefulness of socio-hydrology for understanding coupled human–water systems and to assist with sustainable water management. This paper restates the case for socio-hydrology by articulating the need to consider the two-way feedbacks between human and water systems in order to explain puzzles, paradoxes, and unintended consequences that arise in the context of water management, and to suggest ways to avoid or overcome these challenges. The paper then presents a critical review of past research on socio-hydrology through the prism of historical, comparative, and process socio-hydrology, documenting both the progress made and the challenges faced. Much of the work done so far has involved studies of socio-hydrological systems in spatially isolated domains (e.g., river basins), and phenomena that involve emergent patterns in the time domain. The modeling studies so far have involved testing hypotheses about how these temporal patterns arise. An important feature that distinguishes socio-hydrology from other related fields is the importance of allowing human agency (e.g., socioeconomics, technology, norms, and values) to be endogenous to the systems. This paper articulates the need to extend socio-hydrology to explore phenomena in space and in space-time, as the world becomes increasingly globalized and human–water systems become highly interconnected. The endogenization of human agency, in terms of values and norms, technology, economics, and trade must now be extended to space and to space-time. This is a necessity, and a challenge, for water sustainability, but presents exciting opportunities for further research. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1193. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1193 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Recommendations for Managing Drug–Drug Interactions with Statins and HIV Medications

The discovery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has enabled individuals to live longer. As a result, HIV is now often considered a chronic condition. However, as a result of the increase in longevity or the HIV treatment modalities themselves, individuals with HIV are at high risk for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, these patients should be optimized with pharmacologic therapy to lower their cardiovascular risk through the addition of statin therapy to their regimen. Unfortunately, many medications utilized to treat HIV interact with this class of agents, making prescribing of statin therapy in these patients challenging. While several classes of ARTs do not pose an increased risk of drug-drug interactions with statins, HIV treatment often requires several combinations of medications, enhancing the complexity and drug-drug interaction risk. Clinicians should be aware of interactions with statins and ART and carefully review the degree and clinical significance of each particular medication. With this understanding, the appropriate statin as well as statin dose can be selected in order to optimize the treatment of this patient population, while minimizing the potential risk of adverse effects.
Visual Analytics of Higher-order Dependencies in Sensor Data: Demo Abstract

Existing approach to model sensor movement data as pairwise connections in networks implicitly assumes the Markov property and loses higher-order movement patterns. While the higher-order network (HON) captures higher-order movement patterns, there has not yet been a visualization tool tailored for HON. Based on our prior work, in this demo we present HoNVis, a comprehensive visualization and interactive exploration framework for HON. We demonstrate domain experts' workflow for analyzing global ship movement sensor data with HoNVis.
2H-13C correlation solid-state NMR for investigating dynamics and water accessibilities of proteins and carbohydrates.

Site-specific determination of molecular motion and water accessibility by indirect detection of 2H NMR spectra has advantages over dipolar-coupling based techniques due to the large quadrupolar couplings and the ensuing high angular resolution. Recently, a Rotor Echo Short Pulse IRrAdiaTION mediated cross polarization (RESPIRATIONCP) technique was developed, which allowed efficient transfer of 2H magnetization to 13C at moderate 2H radiofrequency field strengths available on most commercial MAS probes. In this work, we investigate the 2H-13C magnetization transfer characteristics of one-bond perdeuterated CD n spin systems and two-bond H/D exchanged C-(O)-D and C-(N)-D spin systems in carbohydrates and proteins. Our results show that multi-bond, broadband 2H-13C polarization transfer can be achieved using 2H radiofrequency fields of ~50 kHz, relatively short contact times of 1.3-1.7 ms, and with sufficiently high sensitivity to enable 2D 2H-13C correlation experiments with undistorted 2H spectra in the indirect dimension. To demonstrate the utility of this 2H-13C technique for studying molecular motion, we show 2H-13C correlation spectra of perdeuterated bacterial cellulose, whose surface glucan chains exhibit a motionally averaged C6 2H quadrupolar coupling that indicates fast trans-gauche isomerization about the C5-C6 bond. In comparison, the interior chains in the microfibril core are fully immobilized. Application of the 2H-13C correlation experiment to H/D exchanged Arabidopsis primary cell walls show that the O-D quadrupolar spectra of the highest polysaccharide peaks can be fit to a two-component model, in which 74% of the spectral intensity, assigned to cellulose, has a near-rigid-limit coupling, while 26% of the intensity, assigned to matrix polysaccharides, has a weakened coupling of 50 kHz. The latter O-D quadrupolar order parameter of 0.22 is significantly smaller than previously reported C-D dipolar order parameters of 0.46-0.55 for pectins, suggesting that additional motions exist at the C-O bonds in the wall polysaccharides. 2H-13C polarization transfer profiles are also compared between statistically deuterated and H/D exchanged GB1.
Does absence of evidence mean evidence of absence? Managing the issue of partner surveillance in infidelity treatment

ABSTRACTOne issue that has risen to prominence in couple work is the development of a relationship via technology and new media with people outside of the primary couple relationship. As this issue becomes more prevalent, couples struggle with the development of rebuilding trust. Despite the previous instances of infidelity, the development of trust is also compromised by the ability to trust what is presently occurring in the relationship. The partner who has been betrayed often continues to check the involved partner's devices for evidence of a continuation of the affair. Such checking and surveillance often result in obsessive checking of such devices and the assertion that the involved partner can no longer be trusted, reasoning that the involved partner must be deleting evidence. This positioning about surveillance can compromise the ability to move forward with couple therapy. The purpose of this paper is to outline how to work with couples with this level of surveillance after an affair.
Coactive learning for distributed data mining

We introduce coactive learning as a distributed learning approach to data mining in networked and distributed databases. The coactive learning algorithms act on independent data sets and cooperate by communicating training information, which is used to guide the algorithms' hypothesis construction. The exchanged training information is limited to examples and responses to examples. It is shown that coactive learning can offer a solution to learning on very large data sets by allowing multiple coacting algorithms to learn in parallel on subsets of the data, even if the subsets are distributed over a network. Coactive learning supports the construction of global concept descriptions even when the individual learning algorithms are provided with training sets having biased class distributions. Finally, the capabilities of coactive learning are demonstrated on artificial noisy domains, and on real world domain data with sparse class representation and unknown attribute values.
Rethinking the Role of Grammar in the Advertising and Marketing Curriculum

The role of grammar instruction in a university curriculum is commonly assumed to be a corrective one, helping prepare people to produce error-free writing. But grammatical knowledge can also serve...
The Study of Clusters of Polylithium Organic Compounds and Structural Studies of Polylithium Organic Compounds

Clusters of polylithium organic compounds, (CnLim)x, are perhaps the most interesting and unusual clusters in all of main group chemistry from a structural and reactivity point of view. These unusual clusters, such as (CLi4)3 and (CLi2H2)4, were discovered by Richard Lagow and research associates in 19821,2 thus opening this field of chemistry for years of fascinating structural investigations to follow. Compounds from first row elements in which the central element had a nearly empty 2p orbital have a very pronounced tendency to form polymeric or oligomeric clusters such as those observed and studied for the boron hydrides, (BnHm)x. This fact has been well established. The 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for structural studies of the boron hydrides and boron hydride clusters. Polylithium organic compounds promise to offer an even more fascinating story from a structure and bonding point of view since the lithium electron configuration has a completely empty 2p orbital (is22s12p0) in contrast to the well known electron configuration for boron hydride (1s22s22p1). Boron hydrides are often called “electron deficient species” and if this is so, clusters of polylithium compounds have even more chances for multicenter bonding.
Die GOTO-Anweisung

Die GOTO-Anweisung (auch Sprunganweisung genannt) ermoglicht es der Programmsteuerung ausdrucklich, von einer Programmstelle zu einer anderen bezeichneten Stelle zu springen. Grundsatzlich sollte die GOTO-Anweisung nur dann verwendet werden, wenn es darum geht, einen ungewohnlichen Programmablauf zu andern und dann auch nur innerhalb eines , wenn alle anderen PASCAL-Steuereinrichtungen zu umstandlich waren.