cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systemic Risk Factors for the Development of Periimplant Diseases.

Purpose Although periimplantitis results from the tissue destructive effects of a dysbiotic periimplant microbiome, several factors may either contribute to the dysbiosis or influence the host response to this bacterial challenge and thereby increase the risk of disease. The goal of this narrative review is examine extrinsic factors that might increase the risk at both subject and site levels. Materials and methods The PubMed (MEDLINE) database was searched for articles examining the influence of systemic conditions on periimplantitis or implant failure. Key search terms included "systemic," "medications," "periodontitis," "dental implant," "periimplantitis," "implant failure" and related terms. Manual searches were also performed for the following journals: Clinical Oral Implants Research, International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants, Implant Dentistry, and Journal of Periodontology. The inclusion criteria were cohort studies and case-control studies with at least 10 participants per group and with at least 6 months of follow-up. Results Certain systemic diseases, medications, radiotherapy, and behavioral factors, such as oral hygiene and compliance with periodontal maintenance therapy, appear to significantly increase the risk of disease.
Limb salvage of the foot with Lisfranc amputation following squamous cell carcinoma

The indolent character of squamous cell carcinoma of the foot can be misleading and might result in unwarranted excisions or delayed treatment.
Merging fNIRS-EEG Brain Monitoring and Body Motion Capture to Distinguish Parkinsons Disease

Functional connectivity between the brain and body kinematics has largely not been investigated due to the requirement of motionlessness in neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, this connectivity is disrupted in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinsons Disease (PD), a neurological progressive disorder characterized by movement symptoms including slowness of movement, stiffness, tremors at rest, and walking and standing instability. In this study, brain activity is recorded through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG), and body kinematics were captured by a motion capture system (Mocap) based on an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for gross movements (large movements such as limb kinematics), and the WearUp glove for fine movements (small range movements such as finger kinematics). PD and neurotypical (NT) participants were recruited to perform 8 different movement tasks. The recorded data from each modality have been analyzed individually, and the processed data has been used for classification between the PD and NT groups. The average changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) from fNIRS, EEG power spectral density in the Theta, Alpha, and Beta bands, acceleration vector from Mocap, and normalized WearUp flex sensor data were used for classification. 12 different support vector machine (SVM) classifiers have been used on different datasets such as only fNIRS data, only EEG data, hybrid fNIRS/EEG data, and all the fused data for two classification scenarios: classifying PD and NT based on individual activities, and all activity data fused together. The PD and NT group could be distinguished with more than 83% accuracy for each individual activity. For all the fused data, the PD and NT groups are classified with 81.23%, 92.79%, 92.27%, and 93.40% accuracy for the fNIRS only, EEG only, hybrid fNIRS/EEG, and all fused data, respectively. The results indicate that the overall performance of classification in distinguishing PD and NT groups improves when using both brain and body data.
Within sacred boundaries: the limitations of saintly justice in the province of Narbonne around the year 1000

Around the year 1000, judges from the ecclesiastical province of Narbonne (southern France and Catalonia) crafted judicial strategies that reinforced the region's Visigothic Code with the power of ...
Time-Resolved Echo-Particle Image/Tracking Velocimetry Measurement of Interactions Between Native Cardiac Output and Veno-Arterial ECMO Flows.

Determination of optimal hemodynamic and pressure-volume loading conditions for patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) would benefit from understanding the impact of ECMO flow rates (QE) on the native cardiac output in the admixing zone, i.e., aortic root. This study characterizes the flow in the aortic root of a pig with severe myocardial ischemia using contrast-enhanced ultrasound particle image/tracking velocimetry (echo-PIV/PTV). New methods for data preprocessing are introduced, including autocontouring to remove surrounding tissues, followed by blind deconvolution to identify the centers of elongated bubble traces in images with low signal to noise ratio. Calibrations based on synthetic images show that this procedure increases the number of detected bubbles and reduces the error in their locations by 50%. Then, an optimized echo-PIV/PTV procedure, which integrates image enhancement with velocity measurements, is used for characterizing the time-resolved two-dimensional (2D) velocity distributions. Phase-averaged and instantaneous flow fields show that the ECMO flow rate influences the velocity and acceleration of the cardiac output during systole, and secondary flows during diastole. When QE is 3.0 L/min or higher, the cardiac ejection velocity, phase interval with open aortic valve, velocity-time integral (VTI), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) increase with decreasing QE, all indicating sufficient support. For lower QE, the MAP and VTI decrease as QE is reduced, and the deceleration during transition to diastole becomes milder. Hence, for this specific case, the optimal ECMO flow rate is 3.0 L/min.
Protein-Protein Interactions in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Escherichia coli: Influence of the Overexpression of Diverse Transporter-Encoding Genes on the Activities of PTS Sugar Uptake Systems

The prokaryotic phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) concomitantly transports and phosphorylates its substrate sugars. In a recent publication, we provided evidence that protein-protein interactions of the fructose-specific integral membrane transporter (FruAB) with other PTS sugar group translocators regulate the activities of the latter systems in vivo and sometimes in vitro. In this communication, we examine the consequences of the overexpression of several different transport systems on the activities of selected PTS and non-PTS permeases. We report that high levels of these transport systems enhance the in vivo activities of several other systems in a fairly specific fashion. Thus, (1) overexpression of ptsG (glucose porter) selectively enhanced mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake rates; (2) overexpression of mtlA (mannitol porter) promoted methyl α-glucoside (αMG) and 2DG uptake; (3) manYZ (but not manY alone) (mannose porter) overexpression enhanced αMG uptake; (4) galP (galactose porter) overexpression enhanced mannitol and αMG uptake; and (5) ansP (asparagine porter) overexpression preferentially enhanced αMG and 2DG uptake, all presumably as a result of direct protein-protein interactions. Thus, it appears that high level production of several integral membrane permeases enhances sugar uptake rates, with the PtsG and ManXYZ systems being most consistently stimulated, but the MtlA and NagE systems being more selectively stimulated and to a lesser extent. Neither enhanced expression nor in vitro PEP-dependent phosphorylation activities of the target PTS systems were appreciably affected. The results are consistent with the suggestion that integral membrane transport proteins form an interacting network in vivo with physiological consequences, dependent on specific transporters and their concentrations in the membrane.
Split left-right symmetry and scotogenic quark and lepton masses

Abstract A model of split left-right symmetry is proposed, where the first family of quarks and leptons transforms under S U ( 2 ) R but the heavier two families do not. The Higgs scalar sector consists only of an S U ( 2 ) L doublet and an S U ( 2 ) R doublet. The u , d quarks and the electron, as well as the neutrinos, are massless at tree level, but become massive radiatively through their interactions with a simple dark sector. Verifiable consequences include Z ′ and Higgs properties, neutrino mixing and rare decays, etc.
USING RADIOCARBON DATA TO CHRONOLOGICALLY CONTROL POPULATION DENSITY ESTIMATES DERIVED FROM SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECTED INTRA-SETTLEMENT DISTRIBUTIONAL DATA

Population density is an important variable in the development of social complexity. Estimating population densities from the archaeological record requires combining estimates of population, area, and time. Archaeological population estimates tend to be reported as a maximum population derived from the total accumulation of discrete archaeological material types, usually ceramics or radiocarbon (14C) dates. However, given the palimpsest nature of the archaeological record at recurrently occupied archaeological sites, these maximal, total estimates are, at best, a poor reflection of contemporaneous populations. I present a method for calculating average yearly population densities for occupations at a large, multicomponent site using a combination of distributional data and 60 14C dates. By employing this method at other sites in the same region, modeling intra-regional population dynamics at fine time scales will be possible.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ertugliflozin in Healthy Japanese and Western Subjects

Ertugliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, is approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes. This randomized, double-blind (sponsor-open) study in healthy Japanese subjects and open-label study in Western subjects assessed ertugliflozin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Cohort A received 3 ascending single doses of ertugliflozin (1, 5, and 25 mg; n = 6 Japanese, n = 6 Western) or placebo (n = 3 Japanese) under fasted conditions. Cohort B received multiple once-daily doses of ertugliflozin 25 mg (n = 6 Japanese) or placebo (n = 3 Japanese) for 7 days under fed conditions. For Japanese subjects in Cohort A, maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax ) were observed 1 to 1.5 hours after dosing, and apparent mean terminal half-life was 12.4 to 13.6 hours. The ratios of the geometric means (Japanese/Western) for ertugliflozin 1-, 5-, and 25-mg single doses were 95.94%, 99.66%, and 90.32%, respectively, for area under the plasma concentration-time curve and 107.59%, 97.47%, and 80.04%, respectively, for Cmax . Area under the plasma concentration-time curve and Cmax increased in a dose-proportional manner. For Cohort B, Cmax was observed 2.5 hours after dosing (days 1 and 7), and steady state was reached by day 4. The 24-hour urinary glucose excretion was dose dependent. Ertugliflozin was generally well tolerated. There were no meaningful differences in exposure, urinary glucose excretion, and safety between Japanese and Western subjects.
Spectrophotometric methods to probe the solution chemistry of lanthanide complexes with macromolecules.

Abstract Lanthanide biochemistry has experienced a revival in recent years owing to the discovery of new biomolecular platforms that are amenable to bind, sequester, or transport lanthanide ions. This has inherently created a need for physicochemical methods that report on lanthanide-containing macromolecular systems. In this chapter, the use of spectrophotometric methods to study the stability of lanthanide-macromolecule complexes in solution is discussed. Indeed, lanthanide ions have unique spectral properties in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared domains that set them apart from the more common elements encountered in biochemistry, and these unique features can be leveraged to study, in a quantitative and robust manner, the solution chemistry of their biorelevant species (Kd, pH stability, temperature profile, etc.). This chapter aims at bringing a method that has been established and validated in the small molecule chemistry field to this new era of lanthanide biochemistry.
Perceptual Focus Effects in Choice

This article examines consumer choice as a function of the perceptual similarity of the options in the decision set. In particular, we examine a scenario in which a set of options is extended by adding alternatives that change its perceptual characteristics, increasing the salience of one of the options in the core set. In this context, we document that, contrary to normative predictions, perceptual focus can increase the choice share of one of the core options, even when the added alternatives are dominated by both options in the core set. We further show that the observed effect is a function of consumers’ mode of information processing and is more pronounced in the context of intuitive (System 1) processing than analytic (System 2) processing.
Arriving at Sustainable FDI Characteristics

This short speech deals with sustainable foreign direct investment. In particular, it deals with how to arrive at the "common" and "emerging common" sustainability characteristics and how they can help governments in negotiating international investment agreements.
COVID-19 and the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: how vulnerable are the kidneys?

When affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), most children have milder disease than what is experienced by adults. However, a subset of these children develops a multisystem inflammatory syndrome that can lead to shock and multiorgan failure. In the current issue, Basalely et al. characterize acute kidney injury in pediatric patients with acute COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Despite the associated morbidity, this cohort provides evidence of kidney recovery in most affected children.
The Blood Groups of Marine Animals

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an introduction to the concepts that provide the background against which the blood groups of marine animals have been studied. This chapter majorly focuses on a general account of methods used in blood group research as these pertain to marine animals. The investigations addressed in the chapter have been able to find useful variations in blood group antigens in every kind of organism that has been seriously studied, and to show that it is practical to utilize these antigens in population research. The forms investigated include species among the cetaceans, the seals and sea lions, the clupeids, the Atlantic redfish, the salmonids, the tunas, the elasmobranchs and others. Moreover, many of the studies have proceeded to the point where subpopulation differences are indicated or actually established. These include representatives among almost all of the groups noted above. An overall evaluation of these findings leads to the conclusion that blood group antigens are proving to be valuable markers in the analysis of the population structure of marine animals.
Osmoregulatory alterations in myo-inositol uptake by bovine lens epithelial cells. Part 5. Mechanism of the myo-inositol efflux pathway.

Purpose. Cultured bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs) exposed to sodium hypertonicity respond with an accumulation of intracellular myo-inositol. Using BLECs initially maintained at hypertonicity and reacting to a decrease in medium osmolality, a mechanism for the tonicityactivated release of myo-inositol was recognized. Alternatively, BLECs acclimated to sodium hypertonicity and subsequently transferred to high sodium osmolality plus hypergalactosemia rapidly accumulate intracellular galactitol, an experimental manipulation that permitted characterization of the role of sugar alcohols in polyol-activated myo-inositol efflux. The authors identify a communal transport route for tonicity-activated and polyol-activated myo-inositol release from cell to medium and demonstrate an association for myo-inositol efflux with chloride movement. Methods. Two distinct experimental approaches were designed to delineate the physiological circumstances that initiate myo-inositol efflux. For tonicity-induced inositol efflux, BLECs were maintained at confluence in sodium hypertonic medium (473 ± 6 mOsm) for 48 hours; afterward, the medium was replaced with isotonic medium (285 ± 4 mOsm) containing 40 mM galactose ± Sorbinil. For polyol-induced inositol release, hypertonically adapted BLECs were transferred to fresh sodium hypertonic medium containing 40 mM galactose (513 ± 10 mOsm). Results. On reduction in medium osmolality, intracellular myo-inositol was lost because of a rapid, transient efflux during the first 30 minutes, which was followed by a slow, sustained decrease in efflux during the next 12 hours. Inhibition of aldose reductase activity substantially diminished myo-inositol efflux from cell to galactose-containing, isotonic medium. Administration of phloretin significandy inhibited both tonicity-activated and polyol-activated myo-inositol release, as did the chloride channel blocker, niflumic acid. Conclusions. In cultured bovine lens epithelial cells, tonicity-activated movement of myo-inositol from cell to medium and myo-inositol efflux as induced by intracellular polyol accumulation appear to be interactively associated with chloride movement and moderated by a common anionic (chloride) channel, carrier-mediated transport protein, or both. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37:619-629.
Emergent properties of odor information coding in a representational model of the salamander olfactory bulb

In the salamander olfactory bulb, mitral output cells exhibit a variety of responses to electrical and odor stimulation, but the cellular interactions within the bulb that give rise to these responses are not completely understood. We have developed a computer model to investigate whether available data are sufficient for formulating a simulated bulb circuit that can generate realistic mitral cell output. A set of coupled difference equations incorporating mathematical descriptions of anatomical and physiological data was used to calculate changes in membrane potentials of olfactory bulb neurons over time. Model mitral cells showed responses to simple orthodromic and antidromic electrical stimuli that were similar to salamander intracellular responses. Without changing the parameters of the equations, simulated odor stimuli were applied that elicited complex patterns of mitral depolarization, spike activation, and hyperpolarization that emerged from the interactions among the numerous elements in the model. As with the electrical stimuli, model mitral responses to odor were also strikingly similar to those of real mitral cells. As an initial test of how different circuit components contribute to the responses, the lateral interactions between mitral cells and bulbar interneurons were manipulated. Tests with reduced lateral interactions and other tests with no inhibitory synaptic connections both produced mitral cell outputs that were uncharacteristic of salamander recordings. The similarity of the model's output to the complex properties of salamander single-cell recordings suggests that several critical features of the bulb circuit responsible for shaping mitral cell responsivity have been captured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract W MP62: Vitamin D Status, Cerebral Ischemic Susceptibility, and Post-stroke Outcome

Background: Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in western countries and low vitamin D has been associated with neurovascular injury. To better understand how vitamin D status affects cerebral ischemic susceptibility we assess whether low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), a marker of vitamin D status, is predictive of the ischemic infarct volume and whether it relates to a worse outcome. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed prospective consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients that were evaluated from January 2013 to January 2014 at a tertiary referral center. All patients (n=96) had MRI-proven acute ischemic stroke. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test whether vitamin D represents an independent predictors of infarct volume and poor 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of >2). Results: There was a significant inverse correlation between infarct volume and serum 25(OH)D concentration in patients with lacunar (r=-.438; p=0.025) as well as non-lacunar ...
VLA neutral hydrogen imaging of compact groups

Images of the neutral hydrogen (H I) in the direction of the compact groups of galaxies, HCG 31, HCG 44, and HCG 79 are presented. The authors find in HCG 31 and HCG 79, emission contained within a cloud much larger than the galaxies as well as the entire group. The H I emission associated with HCG 44 is located within the individual galaxies but shows definite signs of tidal interactions. The authors imaged the distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen at the two extremes of group sizes represented in Hickson's sample. HCG 44 is at the upper limit while HCG 18, HCG 31, and HCG 79 are at the lower end. Although the number of groups that have been imaged is still very small, there may be a pattern emerging which describes the H I morphology of compact groups. The true nature of compact groups has been the subject of considerable debate and controversy. The most recent observational and theoretical evidence strongly suggests that compact groups are physically dense, dynamical systems that are in the process of merging into a single object (Williams and Rood 1987, Hickson and Rood 1988, Barnes 1989). The neutral hydrogen deficiency observed by Williams and Rood (1987) is consistent with a model in which frequent galactic collisions and interactions have heated some of the gas during the short lifetime of the group. The H I disks which are normally more extended than the luminous ones are expected to be more sensitive to collisions and to trace the galaxy's response to recent interactions. Very Large Array observations can provide in most cases the spatial resolution needed to confirm the dynamical interactions in these systems.
Questions Sampling Technique

What Pierson et al.1 described in their article in the September 1974 issue should be encouraged. Some modalities of asthma treatment (e.g., corticosteroid) traditionally have been carried out without the rigors of research. There are a few observations that could be clarified. (1) In their experimental design, the authors state that the 45 patients with status asthmaticus were randomly assigned either to a placebo (control) group or to one of the steroid-treated groups. If probability sampling2 was done, as I assume it was, then why were none of the previously treated steroid group (14 out of the 45 patients; see Fig. 2) represented in the control population?
Focusing surface plasmon polariton wave packets in space and time

The spatiotemporal focusing of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave packets (WPs) by planar plasmonic-lens coupling structures is described using combined femtosecond interferometric time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (ITR-PEEM) imaging and model simulations. The focusing properties of lens structures inscribed lithographically into Ag films depend on the angle of incidence of the excitation field. Severe aberrations are introduced by the phase delay in the interaction of obliquely incident plane waves with the commonly employed circular arc-shaped lens structures. It is shown that the aberration can be corrected by accounting for propagation delays caused by the incidence angle-dependent retardation of the optical field-lens structure interaction. The focusing of SPP-WPs in both space and time is demonstrated with aberration corrected lens structures.
The role of emotion regulation in the treatment of child anxiety disorders

In this review, we examine the role of emotion regulation in the treatment of children with anxiety disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to “work” for children with anxiety disorders and it has been categorized as an evidence-based treatment. However, most studies have shown that the treatment is effective for about 60–70% of children, leaving the remaining children symptomatic and oftentimes with persisting psychological disorders. Of importance, it has also been shown that many children with anxiety disorders demonstrate poor emotion regulation skills. Despite these findings, little attention has been directed toward incorporating emotion regulation strategies into these relatively effective cognitive-behavioral treatments. It is possible that CBT programs do not work as well for a portion of children because their emotion regulation deficits, if present, are not being targeted sufficiently. In this review, it is suggested that adding an emotion regulation component could increase treatment efficacy. In addition, strategies aimed at improving emotion regulation at the individual level and at the family level are introduced. Details of how improved emotion regulation skills could be beneficial in bringing about change are discussed. Finally, issues of measurement and the clinical implications for research and practice are considered.
Bio-nanotechnology: Two-way traffic.

Attendees at a recent Materials Research Society symposium on 'bio-inspired' nanomaterials were left to wonder: of biotechnology and nanotechology, which will have a greater impact on the other?
Modal techniques for analyzing airplane dynamics

A series of techniques are presented for analyzing airplane control and output characteristics. State-space matrix equations describing the linear perturbation dynamics are transformed from physical coordinates into scaled, modal coordinates. Techniques for analyzing the impacts of system inputs on the fundamental modes of motion and the appearance of these modes in the system outputs are explained. Scaled modal matrices are used to compute steady-state control inputs which optimize the steady-state response of selected system outputs. Graphics which promote quick understanding of the analysis are presented to display the resulting vectors and matrices. The defined analysis techniques are applied to an example airplane model, illustrating the insight which can be acquired using the described modal techniques.
Relationship of acid phosphatase activity and Brix/acid ratio in cherries

Abstract This research was undertaken to determine the relationship of acid phosphatase and Brix/acid ratio in cherries. High-acid cultivars of cherries (Karneol, Northstar, Kroeker, Danube, Montmorency, Oblinska, and Topas) exhibited low Brix/acid ratios while low-acid cultivars of cherries (Balatron, Sweetheart, Hedelfingen, and Hudson) had high Brix/acid ratios. The values of correlation coefficient ( r 2 ) for acid phosphatase and Brix/acid ratio in different cultivars grown in 2003 and 2004 were 0.88 and 0.84, respectively. An inverse relationship appeared to exist between the acid phosphatase activity and the acidity in cherries, and the r 2 values for 2003 and 2004 crops were 0.97 and 0.81, respectively. The plot of acid phosphatase vs. Brix in cherries showed a positive slope, and the r 2 values for 2003 and 2004 crops were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. The results of this study indicate that acid phosphatase could serve as a marker for breeding new fruit cultivars with a desirable Brix/acid ratio.
Difference unveiled: Bulgarian national imperatives and the re‐dressing of Muslim women, 1878–1989

Recent scholarship has poignantly argued that the founding of modern “Western” nation-states is to a large degree a product of their drawn out colonial encounters with “the East.” It is convincingly argued that “the West” constructed its own self-assured, national and supra-national identities in the process of “discovering” and “inventing” the exotic yet inferior “East.” Furthermore, a diverse body of scholarship has delineated the central role of discourses on gender and sexuality in the development of Western societies and, in particular, nation-states. If the image of “pious mother” became key to Western national self-images, it was the counter-image of the women of the harem—veiled, oppressed, and mysterious—that typified representations of Eastern barbarism. Furthermore, Western economic and political penetration of its colonies was to a large degree justified by the “gendering” of the “irrational Orient” versus the “rational Occident.” The “liberation” of Islamic women from their “oppression” as typified by the veil became central to Western “civilizing” missions, which had far-reaching echoes on the frontiers of European society.
NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER CHANGES DUE TO HEAT DAMAGE FROM SOXHLET EXTRACTION AND DRYING1

The effects of solvent extraction and drying on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values of foods of high sugar content were evaluated. It was found that Soxhlet extraction with a 1:l mixture of acetone and petroleum ether resulted in 117% higher NDF value for raisins than was observed for the untreated sample. This solvent mixture extracted approximately 5wo as much lipid material as did diethyl ether. The addition of sugar as glucose or sucrose and cooking at low boil for five minutes did not affect the NDF value of whole wheat flour. However, cooking caused the 1:l acetone petroleum ether extractables to be decreased. Soxhlet extraction and subsequent drying did not affect the NDF values of spinach, parsnips, cherries, or raspberries. The conservative use of heat as in Soxhlet extraction and subsequent drying did not consistently affect NDF values of the foods studied.
An economic comparison of aeration devices for aquaculture ponds

Abstract An economic engineering approach was used to estimate total aeration cost and to generate average cost curves of aeration. Fixed and variable costs were estimated for 23 different electric and tractor powered aeration devices. Least-cost aeration devices were selected for varying pond sizes. Below about 250 h of aeration per season, tractor-powered aeration devices were more efficient economically. Above approximately 250 h of aeration, electric aerators were more efficient. However, for ponds less than 2 ha in size, the propeller-aspirator-pumps (1–3 hp) were the least-cost system. For pond sizes above 0·4 ha, electric floating paddlewheels generally were the most cost efficient.
Tetanus immunization shortage in the United States

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the tetanus immunization shortage on EDs and the EPs understanding of the prioritization of persons needing tetanus immunization. A survey consisting of questions about knowledge of the tetanus shortage, prioritization of immunizations, incidence of tetanus infections, and understanding of CDC recommendations was mailed to a random sample 20% of the US ED medical directors. The results of the survey were input into the SPSS program (SPSS, version 10, Chicago, IL). The survey was returned by 618 of the 1,375 (44.9%) ED medical directors in the United States. Almost all (97.2%, 601 of 617) were notified about the tetanus shortage and 58.3% (360 of 617) reported a shortage. A total of 42.2% (199 of 472) gave tetanus toxoid (TT), instead of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids adult type (dT) when indicated. Only 11.6% of those surveyed (56 of 482) established a patient callback system. Routine vaccination was stopped in 37.5% of the reporting hospitals, most often for adults and children (57.5%, 69 of 120). Twelve hospitals (1.9%) reported they had an increase in tetanus. Although 87.5% of the respondents (539 of 616) stated they were familiar with the CDC's prioritization for tetanus immunization, only 1.8% (11 of 616) got the prioritization correct. Although EM directors uniformly know about and are experiencing the tetanus shortage, few correctly reported the tetanus immunization priority. Few EDs had a patient callback system.
Is the strong-coupling constant small?

Abstract It is important to examine the strong-coupling parameter Λ in deep-inelastic scattering, since (e.g.) the proton lifetime in grand-unified theories is quite sensitive to Λ. We show that Λ is not as small in μN scattering as previously reported. Furthermore, Λ extracted from F2(x, Q2) os highly correlated with the parameterization of the gluon distribution. Other problems arise from σL/σT assumptions.
Preliminary Results From Probe of the Moon's Dust Environment

NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE), a robotic mission with the primary goal of gathering detailed information about the composition and structure of the thin lunar atmosphere, was launched on 6 September 2013. Since the spacecraft reached the Moon on 6 October, LADEE has returned streams of data important to understanding how dust is distributed above the lunar surface; where sources and sinks of lunar atmospheric dust can be found; and how dust distribution, sources, and sinks change through time.
Reticulum-cell sarcoma of the maxilla.

Abstract A case of reticulum-cell sarcoma of the maxilla has been reported. The disease was complicated by the patient's advanced age, the presence of diabetes mellitus, and the association in the tumor area of a dental tumor, an odontoma. The latter was not detected at the time of the initial tumor detection. Whether the delayed healing represented tumor recurrence or osteoradionecrosis is impossible to say. A combination of both would seem to be the most likely possibility.
The selfish “allomother”: A comment on Scollay and DeBold (1980)

Abstract We argue that the term "allomothering" is ill-advised, since it implies benefit to the infant or mother whereas the behavior in question may well represent a selfish, competitive strategy. We also take issue with the conclusions of Scollay and DeBold [( Ethology and Sociobiology 1:291–299, 1980)], pointing out that they had not considered the competitive hypothesis, which itself leads to several testable predictions.
Cenozoic environmental change in South America as indicated by mammalian body size distributions (cenograms)

. A cenogram is a rank-ordered body size distribution of non-predatory terrestrial mammal species within a community. Studies of cenograms for modern faunas have shown that certain quantifiable attributes of cenograms are correlated with environmental variables such as rainfall and vegetation structure. Based on these correlations, cenograms of fossil communities have been used to infer palaeoenvironments and palaeoenvironmental variables. The present study uses cenogram statistics to interpret palaeoenvironmental conditions for eight Cenozoic South American mammal faunas, ranging from Eocene to Pleistocene in age. Body sizes for fossil taxa were taken either from the literature or were estimated using regressions of body size on molar length (or femoral bicondylar width) for modern mammals. Cenogram statistics are calculated for the eight fossil faunas and compared to similar statistics calculated for 16 modern South American mammal faunas, allowing palaeoenvironmental interpretations to be made. The palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on cenogram analyses sometimes support and sometimes contradict interpretations based on herbivore craniodental morphology (e.g. levels of hypsodonty). Simulations of expected errors in body size estimates for fossil taxa suggest that the discrepancies do not result primarily from erroneous body size estimates. It is possible that some of the incongruity in interpretations results from certain non-analogue attributes of South American faunas during much of the Cenozoic (e.g. the relatively depauperate mammalian predator diversity prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange).
Parental assimilation by children with and without behavioral problems.

Summary A correlational study of parental assimilation patterns revealed greater paternal compliance and greater maternal compliance and internalization in a sample of teacher-judged adjusted boys than in a comparison sample of unadjusted boys. Adjusted boys were more similar to their fathers in terms of their personal orientations toward child behavior. The generalized expectations of these boys were also more similar to their mothers' expectations. Data on intrafamilial perceptions were reported to illustrate the greater parental assimilation by the adjusted boys. These results lend additional support to the theorized importance of parental identification in the early development of behavior disorders.
Serum leptin concentrations and weight gain in postobese, postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study was designed to determine if serum leptin concentrations (adjusted for fat mass) after weight loss on a low-calorie diet predict subsequent weight gain. Research Methods and Procedures: Body composition and serum leptin concentrations were determined on 14 moderately obese, postmenopausal, nondiabetic women with a familial predisposition to obesity. Assessments were obtained under tightly controlled metabolic ward conditions of macronutrient intake and weight maintenance both before (obese state) and after a mean weight loss of 12.0 kg to normal body weight (postobese state). Four years later, without intervention, body weight and body composition were reassessed. Results: Weight loss resulted in significant decreases in fat mass (29.7 ± 5.4 vs. 20.3 ± 4.7; kg), body mass index (27.7 ± 1.6 vs. 23.0 ± 1.5; kg/m2), percent body fat (40.7 ± 4.3 vs. 33.1 ± 5.0), and serum leptin concentrations (31.8 ± 16.0 vs. 11.5 ± 5.4; ng/mL). Serum leptin concentrations were positively correlated (p<<0.05) with fat mass in both the obese and postobese states (r = 0.67 and r = 0.56, respectively). However, residual serum leptin concentrations (adjusted for fat mass) in the obese and postobese states were not related to changes in body weight (p<= 0.61 and 0.52), fat mass (p = 0.72 and 0.42), body mass index (p = 0.59 and 0.33), or percent body fat (p = 0.84 and 0.46) over the follow-up period. Discussion: These finding do not support the hypothesis that relatively low concentrations of leptin predict weight regain after weight loss. However, because the number of subjects in this study was limited, further studies are warranted.
Ferromagnetic domain distribution in thin films during magnetization reversal

It is shown that polarized neutron reflectometry can determine in a model-free way not only the mean magnetization of a ferromagnetic thin film at any point of a hysteresis cycle, but also the mean-square dispersion of the magnetization vectors of its lateral domains. This technique is applied to elucidate the mechanism of magnetization reversal of an exchange-biased Co/CoO bilayer. The reversal process above the blocking temperature ${T}_{b}$ is governed by uniaxial domain switching, while below ${T}_{b}$ the reversal of magnetization for the trained sample takes place with substantial domain rotation.
Pediatric mandibular hypomobility: current management and controversies.

Limited range of motion of the pediatric mandible (eg, mandibular hypomobility) presents many challenges. Untreated or recurrent hypomobility can cause problems with mastication, oral hygiene, speech, growth, and the airway. The difficulties that surgeons have encountered in their well-intentioned efforts to remedy this problem are reflected in the controversy found in the literature [1–19]. Treatments for ankylosis or adhesions include coronoidectomy, gap arthroplasty, costochondral rib reconstruction, prosthetic joint replacement, and transport distraction osteogenesis. Unfortunately, the literature is rather sparse with outcome studies comparing the many surgical options. There are many different causes of mandibular hypomobility in young patients [4,9–11,16], including idiopathic (congenital), posttraumatic, infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and iatrogenic. A detailed evaluation and diagnosis of the limited range of motion are critical to developing an appropriate treatment strategy. This article outlines evaluation, differential diagnosis, and the current operative approaches for treating hypomobility in young patients. Controversies related to timing of various procedures and the uses of various treatment options are discussed. Nomenclature
Selection conflicts, gene expression, and codon usage trends in yeast.

Synonymous codon usage in yeast appears to be influenced by natural selection on gene expression, as well as regional variation in compositional bias. Because of the large number of potential targets of selection (i.e., most of the codons in the genome) and presumed small selection coefficients, codon usage is an excellent model for studying factors that limit the effectiveness of selection. We use factor analysis to identify major trends in codon usage for 5836 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The primary factor is strongly correlated with gene expression, consistent with the model that a subset of codons allows for more efficient translation. The secondary factor is very strongly correlated with third codon position GC content and probably reflects regional variation in compositional bias. We find that preferred codon usage decreases in the face of three potential limitations on the effectiveness of selection: reduced recombination rate, increased gene length, and reduced intergenic spacing. All three patterns are consistent with the Hill–Robertson effect (reduced effectiveness of selection among linked targets). A reduction in gene expression in closely spaced genes may also reflect selection conflicts due to antagonistic pleiotropy.
Synthesis and characterization of some bimetallic platinum-rhodium complexes. Crystal structure of [(PhC≡C)Pt(μ-dppm)2(μ-N2C3Br3)Rh(CO)]PF6

Abstract The addition of pyrazolate ions to [C1Pt(σ,η-C≡CPh)(μ-dppm)2Rh(CO)]PF6 (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) produces the complexes [(PhC≡C)Pt(μ-Z)(μ-dppm)2Rh(CO)]PF6 (Z = pyrazolate derivative). The use of the 3-methyl-5-tri-fluoromethylpyrazolate ion gives a mixture of the two isomers that contain the unsymmetrical pyrazolate ligand in its two possible orientations. The addition oft-BuNC to the complexes [(PhC≡C)Pt(μ-Z)(μ-dppm)2Rh(CO)]PF6 leads to substitution of the CO byt-BuNC. The complexes [(CN)Pt(μ-Z)(μ-dppm)2Rh(CO)]PF6 were prepared in a similar manner from [(CN)2Pt(μ-dppm)2Rh(CO)C1]. The dapm analogues [(CN)Pt(μ-35mpz)(μ-dapm)2Rh(L)]PF6 [dapm = (diphenylarsino)(diphenylphosphino)methane; 35mpz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate; L = CO,t-BuNC] and the complex [cis-C1Pt(μ-35mpz)(μ-dapm)2-trans-Rh(CO)]PF6 have also been prepared and characterized. [(PhC≡C)Pt(μ-345Bpz)(μ-dppm)2Rh(CO)]PF6 (345Bpz = 3,4,5-tribromopyrazolate) crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP1¯witha = 10.351(5),b = 14.707(6),c = 22.445(10)A˚, α = 94.78(3)°, β = 98.56(4)°, γ = 107.68(3)°,V = 3189(2)A˚3 andZ = 2 at 298 K. The structure was refined to anR value of 0.0405 using 8382 unique reflections and 740 parameters. The structure consists of the platinum and rhodium atoms in square planar environments, each with twotrans phosphorus atoms and a nitrogen atom from the pyrazolate ligand. The fourth ligand coordinated to the platinum atom is a terminal phenylacetylide ion and the fourth ligand coordinated to the rhodium atom is a terminal carbon monoxide.
Transportability of Multisystemic Therapy to Community Settings: Can a Program Sustain Outcomes without MST Services Oversight?.

Multisystemic therapy (MST) has been shown to be effective in treating delinquent behavior in youth. However, some community agencies with MST programs are unable to afford the ongoing costs of licensure and quality assurance oversight provided by MST services. The present study utilized retrospective archival analyses of court charges to evaluate and compare the outcomes of youth participating in MST in a community mental health center with and without MST services oversight. The results showed that court charges decreased for youth in the oversight group but not for youth in the non-oversight group. The two groups also differed in age, pretreatment charges, therapist contacts, and progress on goals. Implications of our findings are discussed in terms of policy changes affecting program structure and outcome as well as how community settings can afford ongoing support of evidence-based treatment programs.
Resistance to antimitotic agents as genetic probes of microtubule structure and function.

Abstract Much of our knowledge about microtubules has come from detailed morphological, biochemical, and cell biological studies. As more is learned about these organelles, questions regarding the in vivo regulation of their expression and function become increasingly important. Genetics provides an approach to address these more subtle questions in the living cell. Mammalian mutants with microtubule alterations have been isolated using selections for resistance to the cytotoxic effects of a number of antimitotic drugs. A subset of these mutants have clearly defined alterations in α- or in β-tubulin, and these have been used to explore the mechanisms by which mammalian cells acquire resistance to this class of drugs. In addition, the mutants are providing valuable insights into how tubulin expression is regulated, into what factors determine the extent of microtubule assembly in living cells, into the domains of tubulin that are involved in assembly, and into the role of microtubules in essential cellular processes.
Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic (HAL) Multiple Segmental Colorectal Resections: Are They Feasible and Safe?

The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of synchronous hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) segmental colorectal resections. The surgical options for synchronous colonic pat...
The Investigation Of Type III-Type I Strained-Layer Superlattice System: Hg 1-x Zn x Te-CdTe

We report here the results of Hgl-xZnxTe-CdTe strained-layer superlattices grown by MBE. This superlattice system has been chosen in order to investigate the effect of the strain in Type III and Type I superlattices. Hgl-xZnxTe-CdTe superlattices with different strain have been grown on CdTe(111)B/GaAs(100) and CdTe(100)/GaAs(100) substrates and characterized in situ by electron diffraction and ex situ by X-ray diffraction, infrared transmission and Hall measurements. The high quality of Hgl-xZnxTe-CdTe super-lattices is attested by the presence of satellite peaks in the X-ray spectra. The values of hole mobilities between 5x103 up to 2x104cm2v-ls-1 at T-23K along (111)B growth orientation and up to 4.9x104cm2v-1s-1 at 5K along (100) growth orientation are obtained for Type III superlattices whereas in Type I superlattices hole mobility is between 200-300cm2v-ls-1. Hg1-xZnxTe-CdTe superlattices with n-type character have also been obtained. A p- to n-type transition is observed when increasing HgZnTe layer thickness and/or decreasing CdTe layer thickness. Electron mobilities as high as 2.5x10-5cm2v-ls-1 have been reached.
Pulmonary extraction of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor in dogs

Abstract A trial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a hormone predominantly secreted by the cardiac atria. It stimulates the kidney to produce natriuresis and diuresis, and vasodilates vascular smooth muscle. The half-life of the hormone is a few minutes, suggesting that breakdown occurs in many tissues. 1 Significant extraction of ANF has been demonstrated across the capillary beds of liver, kidney and limb. 1–3 Pulmonary extraction of the hormone has not been shown in dogs 3 or man, 1,2 however, even though rat lung homogenates destroy ANF 4 and isolated rabbit lungs remove ANF, 5 perhaps because blood samples in the in vivo studies were obtained from systemic arteries instead of pulmonary veins. If ANF is released into the left atrial cavity through the thebesian veins, systemic arterial sampling could underestimate pulmonary extraction of ANF. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ANF is extracted across the canine pulmonary perfusion bed.
Brand Introduction Strategies and Competitive Environments

Drawing on research in marketing strategy and industrial organization economics, the authors develop a model to describe the impact of strategies for introducing a new brand, aspects of the competi...