cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of complete coronary revascularization on relief of angina

To determine if subjective improvement correlated with graft patency and completeness of revascularization, we restudied 83 of 115 consecutive patients by angiography, regardless of symptoms, 1 year after operation. A total of 271 grafts were performed, averaging 3.3 per patient. Preoperative and postoperative angiograms were analyzed for completeness of revascularization and graft occlusion. Subjective improvement was assessed from questionnaires sent to patients at 6 month intervals for 2 years. Follow-up was 100% (1 to 3 years). Of patients who were recatheterized, 71% (59/83) were asymptomatic patients, 18% (10/56) for the mildly symptomatic ones (p = NS), and 73% (11115) for the severely symptomatic or not improved at 1 year. Graft occlusion rate was 9% (18/200) in the asymptomatic patients, 18% (10/56) for the mildly symptomatic ones (p = NS), and 73% (11/15) for the severely symptomatic patients (p
Preparation of an EBV Vaccine to Prevent Oncogenesis: An Update

A major effort has been ongoing over the past 10 years to develop a suitable vaccine for administration to human populations. The impetus for the development of such a vaccine has come from the wealth of data which implicates this virus in the etiology of certain types of human cancers, namely nasopharyngeal carcinoma and African Burkitt’s lymphoma. The thrust of these efforts has been to develop a component or subviral vaccine to avoid exposing susceptible individuals to the DNA of this virus which contains an immortalizing gene. The antigen that has served as the focus for the development of this type of vaccine has been the membrane antigen (MA) complex. It was previously shown that this antigenic complex, which is also expressed on the envelope of infectious virion, is responsible for the induction of both neutralizing and cytotoxic antibodies (1,2). This conclusion has more recently been substantiated by results from more recent studies using monoclonal antibodies (2).
Professional Development in Response to Intervention: Implementation of a Model in a Rural Region:

For the successful implementation of a three-tier response to intervention system, high quality professional development is crucial. This article describes the Illinois ASPIRE initiative, a respons...
Parsing Spoken Language Using Combinatory Grammars

Combinatory Grammars are a generalization of Categorial Grammars to include operations on function categories corresponding to the combinators of Combinatory Logic, such as functional composition and type raising. The introduction of such operations is motivated by the need to provide an explanatory account of coordination and unbounded dependency. However, the associativity of functional composition tends to engender an equivalence class of possible derivations for each derivation permitted by more traditional grammars. While all derivations in each class by definition deliver the same function-argument relations in their interpretation, the proliferation of structural analyses presents obvious problems for parsing within this framework and the related approaches based on the Lambek calculus (cf. Moortgat, 1988).
Power, Authority, and Location in the British Novel: Edward Said and the Politics of Place

This essay will explore the significant theoretical work of Edward Said in relation to the political meaning of particular locations in a literary text. Culture and Imperialism (Said 1993) is especially important in this regard: Said argues that the very existence of Mansfield Park (in Jane Austen's eponymous novel), as a secure late-18th-century country house, depends upon Sir Thomas Bertram's ownership of sugar plantations in the West Indies. The construction of class security through slavery is barely spoken in the novel, for Said evidence of a practice so essential to England's economic power that it requires no articulation. Said's readings of other 19th-century novels (Great Expectations, Kim, and Nostromo, for instance) have proved strongly influential for any materialist reading of the literary text; his theories of the politics of place have enabled critics to enlarge their interpretations not just of postcolonial literature—the sub-genre most frequently associated with Said because of the semina...
Vertebral fracture management

Abstract Osteoporosis-related acute vertebral fragility fracture is a debilitating condition that can cause significant morbidity in elderly patients. Appropriate treatment requires a multimodal approach by spine care providers. Initial management should be directed at achieving adequate pain control to facilitate early mobilization. In patients refractory to nonoperative treatment, vertebral augmentation may be utilized. Back extensor exercises, postural training, and active orthoses can help not only with symptom control but also reduce the progression of kyphosis. Appropriate treatment of osteoporosis should be initiated as soon as possible to minimize the risk of future fracture.
DNA-protein cross-links: new insights into their formation and repair in irradiated mammalian cells.

The production of strong binding between DNA and protein by radiations and chemicals has been known for many years. DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) were first recognized as a distinct lesion in ultraviolet light (UV)-irradiated bacteria by Smith1 and by Alexander and Moroson.2 The importance of DPCs for cellular lethality was clearly demonstrated in E. coli.3 Smith has reviewed various aspects of this work on several occasions.4–6
Hidden Markov Model-Based Fall Detection With Motion Sensor Orientation Calibration: A Case for Real-Life Home Monitoring

Falls are a major threat for senior citizens’ independent living. Motion sensor technologies and automatic fall detection systems have emerged as a reliable low-cost solution to this challenge. We develop a hidden Markov model (HMM) based fall detection system to detect falls automatically using a single motion sensor for real-life home monitoring scenarios. We propose a new representation for acceleration signals in HMMs to avoid feature engineering and developed a sensor orientation calibration algorithm to resolve sensor misplacement issues (misplaced sensor location and misaligned sensor orientation) in real-world scenarios. HMM classifiers are trained to detect falls based on acceleration signal data collected from motion sensors. We collect a dataset from experiments of simulated falls and normal activities and acquired a dataset from a real-world fall repository (FARSEEING) to evaluate our system. Our system achieves positive predictive value of 0.981 and sensitivity of 0.992 on the experiment dataset with 200 fall events and 385 normal activities, and positive predictive value of 0.786 and sensitivity of 1.000 on the real-world fall dataset with 22 fall events and 2618 normal activities. Our system's results significantly outperform benchmark systems, which shows the advantage of our HMM-based fall detection system with sensor orientation calibration. Our fall detection system is able to precisely detect falls in real-life home scenarios with a reasonably low false alarm ratet.
Security and Immigration Policy: An Analytical Framework for Reform

What is the relationship between security and United States immigration policy? This question is important because the volume of international migration has been rising in recent decades and American leaders since the 9/11 attacks are increasingly called to produce policy to address its perceived security implications. This chapter assists officials with this task and answers the above question by discussing two common ways or traditions of structuring security and US immigration (the national security and human rights/security traditions) that often lead to distinct policy outcomes, presenting an analytical framework of national security and American immigration policy, and using this framework to identify meta-security themes underlying major US immigration policy decisions since the country's founding. The chapter concludes by examining post-9/11 Americanimmigration responses and discussing the policy implications of its findings for contemporary reform.
In situ Tissue Engineering Bone Regeneration in Jaw Reconstruction

Abstract Completing the tissue engineering triangle of cells, signal, and matrix by using bone marrow aspirate concentrates, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/acellular collagen sponge, and crushed cancellous mineralized allogeneic bone predictably regenerates large volumes of histologically and functionally useful bone in jaw reconstruction. This composite graft is used directly in the patient's recipient site and is known in situ tissue engineering.
Expression of protein phosphatases during postnatal development of rabbit heart.

Protein phosphatases play a major role in the regulation of L-type calcium current (ICa) in heart cells. We previously showed developmental differences in the effects of inhibitors of protein phosphatases (PP's) on the modulation of ICa, with greater stimulatory effects on ICa observed in newborn than in adult ventricular cells. We hypothesized that this developmental difference might be due to greater expression and levels of PP 1 and PP 2A in newborn than in adult ventricular cells. We thus determined the mRNA expression of α and β subunits of PP 1 and the α subunit of PP 2A in adult and newborn rabbit ventricles and levels of PP 1 and PP 2A in total homogenates, particulate membranes, and in soluble fraction prepared from isolated ventricular myocytes from adult and newborn rabbits. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of mRNA of these subunits of PP's in both newborn and adult ventricles. Northern blot analysis using 32P labeled cDNA probes specific for PP 1α, PP 1β and PP 2Aα showed that the expression of steady state mRNA levels for PP 1α, PP 1β and PP 2Aα were much higher in newborn compared to adult rabbit ventricles. mRNA for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and for sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in rabbit ventricles were measured as controls. GAPDH did not show significant developmental changes while mRNA for SERCA was higher in adult compared to newborns. Western blot analysis showed that PP 1 and PP 2A protein levels were also much higher in newborn compared to adult rabbit ventricular cells. Immunoblot analysis in particulate membranes and soluble fraction showed that PP1 was mainly membrane bound while PP 2 was present only in soluble fraction. These findings suggest that the two major protein phosphatases (PP 1 and PP 2A) in heart are expressed at much higher levels in newborn and decline to lower levels in adult ventricular myocytes. The presence of high levels of PP's and particularly PP 1 in newborn cells may be responsible for the greater dependence of newborn cells on the inhibition of PP as a mechanism of action of β-agonist isoproterenol on ICa.
Enhancing racial diversity in the Association for Environmental Studies and Sciences

From the outset, the Association for Environmental Studies and Sciences (AESS) has sought to create a diverse and inclusive organization. Though AESS has clearly outlined strategies for enhancing diversity, the association has found it challenging to attract robust numbers of students of color as well as faculty of color to its ranks. This paper contains excerpts from an address presented at the 2018 AESS Awards Dinner. The paper identifies some of the reasons for the limited participation of people of color in the association and suggests new approaches to increasing racial and ethnic diversity.
UNIT 14.2 Cryosectioning

This unit describes sample preparation and sectioning methods for frozen tissue. Sections of this type are used in a variety of light microscopic procedures including in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme histochemistry.
Sustainability of the Funded Ratio and Asset Allocation Choice of State Public Pension Plans

The paper examines State Public Pension Plans in the United States and the sustainability of their funded ratios. The authors apply a panel logit with random effects regression model of asset allocation choice and average returns during fiscal years 2001 to 2015. There are three key factors which adequately fund State Public Pension Plans: (i) current member contributions, (ii) members’ employer contributions, and (iii) investment returns on those contributions. Returns on those contributions depend heavily on allocation choice of those funds in traditional and alternative investments. Alternatives are generally assumed to provide higher average returns with higher risk. This paper shows that in the long-term, investment in traditional assets such as bonds, equities and short-term cash have a higher likelihood of funding State Public Pension Plan’s payment obligations to beneficiaries.
Law of large numbers. Random series

This chapter discusses the law of large numbers and random series. Two r.v.'s X and Y are said to be uncorrelated if both have finite second moments and E { XY ) = E { X ) E ( Y ). They are said to be orthogonal if it is replaced by E ( XY ) = 0. The r.v.'s of any family are said to be uncorrelated [ orthogonal ] if every two of them are. The requirement of finite second moments seems unnecessary, but it ensures the finiteness of E ( XY ) (Cauchy–Schwarz inequality) as well as that of E {X) and E ( Y ), and without it the definitions are hardly useful. It is obvious that pairwise independence implies uncorrelatedness, provided second moments are finite. It is proved that the desired result for a subsequence and the method of subsequences aims in general at extending to the whole sequence a result proved (relatively easily) for a subsequence.
Occupation aspirations, education investment, and cognitive outcomes: Evidence from Indian adolescents

Abstract The occupation aspirations of adolescents play an important role in their human capital investment decisions. This paper provides new empirical evidence of a non-linear relationship between the size of an adolescent’s aspirations gap and human capital as a young adult. The adolescent aspirations gap is quantified as the difference between the wages associated with their occupation aspiration and the wages associated with their parent’s occupation. Higher aspirations at age 12 are correlated with higher human capital levels at age 19, up to a point. Above this inflection point the relationship plateaus and human capital levels no longer increase. Children with the largest aspiration gaps have lower human capital levels than those with more moderate gaps. This empirical result provides evidence for the theoretical prediction that aspirations that are ahead, but not too far ahead, provide the best incentives for investment. Examining potential mechanisms, I provide suggestive evidence that age 12 aspirations influence age 19 human capital levels through the child’s time investment in education, long-term orientation, and agency but not the level of household education expenditure.
An End-to-End Generative Architecture for Paraphrase Generation

Generating high-quality paraphrases is a fundamental yet challenging natural language processing task. Despite the effectiveness of previous work based on generative models, there remain problems with exposure bias in recurrent neural networks, and often a failure to generate realistic sentences. To overcome these challenges, we propose the first end-to-end conditional generative architecture for generating paraphrases via adversarial training, which does not depend on extra linguistic information. Extensive experiments on four public datasets demonstrate the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results, outperforming previous generative architectures on both automatic metrics (BLEU, METEOR, and TER) and human evaluations.
Comprehensibility: A Useful Tool to Explore Listener Understanding

Dans leur expose de synthese, les auteurs traitent du concept de comprehensibilite de la langue seconde (L2) qui s’entend des jugements des auditeurs quant a la facilite ou la difficulte de compreh...
Introduction to the go programming language

Go is an open source programming environment that is developed by Google. It is a garbage-collected systems language created to help users build reliable and efficient software that is simple to use. It is designed to be fast and efficient. Google describes Go as "expressive, concise, clean, and efficient. Its concurrency mechanisms make it easy to write programs that get the most out of multicore and networked machines, while its novel type system enables flexible and modular program construction. Go compiles quickly to machine code yet has the convenience of garbage collection and the power of run-time reflection. It's a fast, statically typed, compiled language that feels like a dynamically typed, interpreted language." Another way to describe this language is to draw parallels to C, it is like if C was designed in modern times, with some inspiration from Python. Once a user gets familiar with it, it aims to be faster to develop in than C. Go is also designed for modern systems, where concurrency is important because we have so many processors and/or cores on each system. It has "Go routines" which are like efficient, ultra-lightweight threads. This tutorial/workshop will show the audience the basic installation and code for Go. The activities will be designed to make users understand Go from a programming perspective and develop assignments for students to learn and compare the language to other OOP languages out there. The participants will leave with resources of how to incorporate this language in their pedagogy by the use of lecture notes and more resources to help students develop their skills.
Demographic and clinical factors associated with same-day discharge and unplanned readmission following shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Same-day discharge, defined as discharge from the hospital within 24 h of surgery, has been shown to be safe for joint arthroplasty. We examined demographic and clinical factors associated with same-day discharge and unplanned readmission following shoulder arthroplasty in adult patients. METHODS Utilizing data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we extracted information of all patients that underwent shoulder arthroplasty. The primary and secondary outcome of interest was same-day discharge and 30-day unplanned readmission, respectively. We utilized multivariable logistic regression to identify covariates associated with these outcomes. RESULTS There were 17,011 patients analyzed when identifying predictors for same-day discharge. There was an increase in same-day discharge from 2007 to 2016. The odds of same-day discharge were significantly better for males (P < 0.001). The odds of same-day discharge was significantly decreased for every 10-year increase in age and for patients with insulin dependent diabetes, poor functional status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, bleeding disorder, and comorbidity burden (all P < 0.001). There were 14,276 patients analyzed for hospital readmission. The odds of unplanned readmission were significantly higher for every 10-year increase in age and for patients with poor functional status, congestive heart failure, bleeding disorder, and higher comorbidity burden (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that preoperative comorbidities and advanced age reduce the odds of same-day discharge. Risk stratification, preoperative optimization, and coordinated care after surgery may be helpful to optimize patients for same-day discharge.
Using Automatic Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis to Improve the Intelligibility of Cochlear Implant users in Reverberant Listening Environments

Cochlear implant (CI) users experience substantial difficulties in understanding reverberant speech. A previous study proposed a strategy that leverages automatic speech recognition (ASR) to recognize reverberant speech and speech synthesis to translate the recognized text into anechoic speech. However, the strategy was trained and tested on the same reverberant environment, so it is unknown whether the strategy is robust to unseen environments. Thus, the current study investigated the performance of the previously proposed algorithm in multiple unseen environments. First, an ASR system was trained on anechoic and reverberant speech using different room types. Next, a speech synthesizer was trained to generate speech from the text predicted by the ASR system. Experiments were conducted in normal hearing listeners using vocoded speech, and the results showed that the strategy improved speech intelligibility in previously unseen conditions. These results suggest that the ASR-synthesis strategy can potentially benefit CI users in everyday reverberant environments.
Evaluating physiologic outcomes of music interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review

Music is widely used in the neonatal intensive care unit. The objectives of this systematic review are: (1) clarify the current literature in regards to the impact of music on neonatal physiologic parameters, (2) highlight the variability in definitions utilized for music interventions, and (3) provide a foundation for future music therapy research focused on influencing neonatal physiology. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, with search terms including "music," "music therapy," "neonates," "newborn," and "NICU." Four hundred and fifty-eight studies were reduced to 16 clinical trials divided based on methodological description of music intervention. Our review highlights variability in the existing literature specifically on neonatal physiological impact of music. Future studies should focus on consistent and well-defined data collection, utilization of standardized definitions for music interventions, and consideration of more sensitive markers of physiology, such as heart rate variability, to enhance study rigor and reproducibility.
NATICUSdroid: A malware detection framework for Android using native and custom permissions

Abstract The rapid growth of Android apps and its worldwide popularity in the smartphone market has made it an easy and accessible target for malware. In the past few years, the Android operating system (AOS) has been updated several times to fix various vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, malware apps have also upgraded and adapted to this evolution. The ever-increasing number of native AOS permissions and developers’ ability to create custom permissions provide plenty of options to gain control over devices and private data. Therefore, newly created permissions could be of great importance in detecting current malware. Previous popular works on malware detection used apps collected during 2010–2012 to propose malware detection and classification methods. A majority of permissions used in those apps are not as widely used or do not exist anymore. In this work, we present a novel malware detection framework for Android called NATICUSdroid, which investigates and classifies benign and malware using statistically selected native and custom Android permissions as features for various machine learning (ML) classifiers. We analyze declared permissions in more than 29,000 benign and malware collected during 2010–2019 to identify the most significant permissions based on the trend. Subsequently, we collect these identified permissions that include both the native and custom permissions. Finally, we use feature selection techniques and evaluate eight ML algorithms for NATICUSdroid to distinguish benign apps from malware. Experimental results show that the Random Forest classifier based model performed best with an accuracy of 97%, a false-positive rate of 3.32%, and an f-measure of 0.96.
The Accidental Agency

This Article presents a new model for examining the role of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) with regard to patent law, positing that the Federal Circuit behaves like an agency and serves as the de facto administrator of the Patent Act. The Federal Circuit has traditionally engaged in a form of substantive rulemaking by issuing mandatory bright-line rules that bind the public. In reviewing patent agency appeals, the Federal Circuit acts more like an agency than a court by minimizing agency deference through the manipulation of standards of review and administrative law doctrines. This position of administrator raises several concerns. Supreme Court intervention has jeopardized the Federal Circuit’s ability to continue engaging in substantive rulemaking, calling into question the sustainability of the lower court’s role as administrator. Furthermore, the Federal Circuit is caught between the Supreme Court’s goal to unify administrative law and Congress’s goal to unify patent law. These problems suggest that a confrontation between the Supreme Court and Congress is inevitable. INTRODUCTION 230 I. A MANDATE OF UNIFORMITY 233 A. A Brief Overview of the Administrative Procedure Act 234 B. A Brief Overview of Patent Agency Powers 237 1. The Patent & Trademark Office 237 2. The International Trade Commission 238 C. The Court of Customs and Patent Appeals 239 D. The Creation of the Federal Circuit 242  Assistant Professor of Law, University of Houston Law Center. I would like to thank John Golden, Christi Guerrini, Paul Gugliuzza, Kristin Hickman, Orin Kerr, Mark Lemley, Gregory Mandel, Joseph Miller, Kali Murray, Lucas Osborn, Lee Petherbridge, Arti Rai, Sarah Tran, Melissa Wasserman, Kathryn Watts, John Whealan, and Amy Wildermuth for their comments and feedback; I want to thank the participants of the George Washington Law School’s Intellectual Property Workshop Series, the MSU IP Fall Speakers Series, the 2012 Law & Society International Meeting, the 2012 Works-in-Progress in Intellectual Property Colloquium, and the University of Houston Works-in-Progress Series. Finally, thank you to Marcella Burke and Rebekah Reed for volunteering their research assistance. This research was supported in part by a grant from the University of Houston. 1 Kumer: The Accidental Agency? Published by UF Law Scholarship Repository, 2013 230 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 65 II. FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULEMAKING 244 A. Specialization 245 B. The Rise of Bright-Line Rules 248 C. The Supreme Court and the Fall of the Bright-Line Rule 250 D. Bright-Line Rules as Substantive Rules 253 1. Overview of Substantive Rulemaking 254 2. Federal Circuit Substantive Rulemaking 255 III. FEDERAL CIRCUIT ADJUDICATION 257 A. Applicability of the Administrative Procedure Act ........ 259 B. The Manipulation of Questions of Law and Fact 264 C. The Chenery Doctrine 267 1. The Chenery Decisions 268 2. The Federal Circuit’s Application of Chenery ....... 269 D. Judicial Review of International Trade Commission Decisions 274 IV. THE STABILITY OF THE COURT–AGENCY MODEL 275 CONCLUSION 278
COVID-19 Prevention Beliefs and Practices in College Students

BackgroundAs college students in the United States return to university campuses, it is important to understand their beliefs and practices on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention. PurposeTo assess beliefs and practices regarding COVID-19 prevention among college students in the United States MethodsAn online, self-administered survey was developed that collected information on COVID-19 preventative practice and beliefs. Survey responses were collected between July 13, 2020 and July 31, 2020. ResultsA total of 4,834 college students participated in the survey with a response rate of 22.9%. Compared to males, more female college students practiced COVID-19 preventative measures, including always wearing masks or face coverings in public (52% vs. 44%, p<0.001) and always or often observing social distancing (70% vs. 63%, p<0.001). In contrast to students from larger population areas, fewer college students from rural areas reported practicing prevention measures, such as always wearing a mask (24% rural v. 45% towns vs. 55% cities, p<0.001) and always social distancing (20% rural vs. 21% towns vs. 29% cities, p<0.001). Additionally, more students from rural areas have become much less worried about personally contracting COVID-19 over the last 3 months when compared to students from towns and cities (21% vs. 16% vs. 11%, p<0.001). Fewer white college students compared to other racial groups thought it was very important to wear masks (55% white vs. 76% Black vs. 82% Asian vs. 63% American Indian or Alaskan native (AIAN) & Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI), p<0.001) and very important to practice social distancing (29% white vs. 50% Black vs. 53% Asian vs. 36% AIAN/NHOPI, p <0.001). Compared to Non-Hispanic students, more Hispanic students thought it was very important to practice preventative measures, including wearing a mask (71% vs. 58%, p<0.001), social distancing (37% vs. 32%, p=0.017), and good hand hygiene (77% vs. 67%, p=0.013). ConclusionCOVID-19 prevention beliefs and practices differ between sexes, the size of town one lives, race, and ethnicity. In general, female students followed Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) COVID-19 prevention guidelines more closely than male students. Students who reside in areas of larger populations have more strict COVID-19 prevention beliefs and practices than students from areas with smaller populations. Asian and Black/African American students adhered closer to CDC COVID-19 prevention guidelines and had stronger beliefs for infection prevention measures than white or AIAN/NHOPI students. Hispanic/Latino students were more stringent in COVID-19 prevention beliefs and practices than non-Hispanic/Latino students.
Outcomes in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Concomitant Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Surgical Myectomy and Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and aortic stenosis can cause obstruction to the flow of blood out of the left ventricular outflow tract into the aorta, with obstructive HCM resulting ...
Insecticide resistance in the bed bug comes with a cost

Adaptation to new environmental stress is often associated with an alteration of one or more life history parameters. Insecticide resistant populations of insects often have reduced fitness relative to susceptible populations in insecticide free environments. Our previous work showed that three populations of bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L., evolved significantly increased levels of resistance to one product containing both β-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid insecticides with only one generation of selection, which gave us an opportunity to explore potential tradeoffs between life history parameters and resistance using susceptible and resistant strains of the same populations. Life history tables were compiled by collecting weekly data on mortality and fecundity of bugs from each strain and treatment throughout their lives. Selection led to a male-biased sex ratio, shortened oviposition period, and decreased life-time reproductive rate. Generation time was shortened by selection, a change that represents a benefit rather than a cost. Using these life history characteristics we calculated that there would be a 90% return to pre-selection levels of susceptibility within 2- 6.5 generations depending on strain. The significant fitness costs associated with resistance suggest that insecticide rotation or utilization of non-insecticidal control tactics could be part of an effective resistance management strategy.
SU-D-204-07: Comparison of AAPM TG150 Draft Image Receptor Tests with Vendor Automated QC Tests for Five Mobile DR Units

Purpose: To determine the consistency of digital detector (DR) tests recommended by AAPM TG150 and tests provided by commercially available DirectView Total Quality Tool (TQT). Methods: The DR tests recommended by the TG150 Detector Subgroup[1] were performed on 4 new Carestream DRX-Revolution and one Carestream DRX1C retrofit of a GE AMX-4 that had been in service for three years. After detector calibration, flat-field images plus images of two bar patterns oriented parallel and perpendicular to the A-C axis, were acquired at conditions recommended by TG150. Raw images were harvested and then analyzed using a MATLAB software previously validated[2,3,4]. Data were analyzed using ROIs of two different dimensions: 1) 128 x 128 ROIs matching the detector electronics; and 2) 256 x 256 ROIs, each including 4 adjacent smaller ROIs. TG150 metrics from 128 x 128 ROIs were compared to TQT metrics, which are also obtained from 128 x 128 ROIs[5]. Results: The results show that both TG150 and TQT measurements were consistent among these detectors. Differences between TG150 and TQT values appear systematic. Compared with 128 x 128 ROIs, noise and SNR non-uniformity were lower with 256 x 256 ROIs, although signal non-uniformity was similar, indicating detectors were appropriately calibrated formore » gain and offset. MTF of the retrofit unit remained essentially the same between 2012 and 2015, but was inferior to the new units. The older generator focal spot is smaller (0.75mm vs. 1.2mm), and the SID for acquisition is 182cm as well, so focal spot dimensions cannot explain the difference. The difference in MTF may be secondary to differences in generator X-ray spectrum or by unannounced changes in detector architecture. Further investigation is needed. Conclusion: The study shows that both TG150 and TQT tests are consistent. The numerical value of some metrics are dependent on ROI size.« less
Selected Estate Planning Strategies for Persons With Less Than $3 Million

In general, people of modest wealth cannot easily afford to give up significant amounts of wealth during lifetime to achieve estate planning goals, although the lifetime transfer of wealth is one of the most useful techniques for reducing taxes. Individuals of modest wealth face a real tension between opportunities to reduce taxes and protect assets from other claims that may arise, on the one hand, and the need to preserve adequate wealth to ensure the maintenance of a current standard of living, on the other hand. This article explores selected estate planning strategies for moderately wealthy people including: assigning life insurance and other non-income-producing assets; creating qualified personal residence trusts; using the annual exclusions; creating a self-settled Alaska trust; using the gift tax exemption and the GST exemption; estate building and income tax sheltering with life insurance; assessing income tax-free states; using a CRT to build wealth and generate income; paying directly for family members' medical care and tuition expenses; and handling interests in qualified plans, IRAs and other IRD.
On the reliability of attenuation measurements from ambient noise cross-correlations

[1] We compare spatially averaged Rayleigh wave attenuation between 10 and 18 sec period observed on the symmetric component of ambient noise cross-correlations with regional seismic event measurements observed by the USArray Transportable Array across the western US. The ambient noise attenuation measurements are shown to be consistent with attenuation observed following an earthquake in Nevada and a mining blast in Wyoming. We demonstrate that common ambient noise data processing procedures such as temporal normalization and spectral whitening can be retained as long as the amplitudes of the cross-correlations are corrected for (1) the duration of the ambient noise cross-correlation, (2) geometrical spreading, and (3) the azimuthal variation in the strength of ambient noise sources. Correction for time-series length can be achieved accurately by dividing the empirical Green's function by the squared root-mean-squared (rms) amplitude of the trailing noise. These results provide strong justification for the ability to constrain seismic attenuation using ambient noise. However, further study of the expected asymmetry in attenuation for waves approaching (incoming) or receding from (outgoing) a central station is needed to understand the effect of uneven noise source distribution prior to estimation of local variations in attenuation.
Software defined radio (SDR) special military applications

Emerging conflict scenarios are highlighting US vulnerabilities to terrorist engagements and espionage. Warfighters and intelligence agencies must leverage the electromagnetic spectrum in new ways to "put steel on target" and collect information on adversaries. Emerging software defined radio systems (SDR) can be used well beyond their intended JTRS communications mission to locate threats in a "stand-in" signal collection mode, and coordinate offensive resources and other JTRS systems to neutralize the threat. In this manner, the programmable communication system is transformed into a flexible signal collection resource that locates hostile signals both in spectrum and geography, becoming an intelligence and combat multiplier. Ultimately, this approach will leverage the ubiquitous presence of SDR platforms on the near-future battlespace to significantly enhance warfighter survivability while presenting new opportunities for distributed signal collection and analysis.
The Amino Acid Composition and Other Properties of Thermostable Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus

The molecular weight of the thermophilic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was evaluated by the sedimentation equilibrium method and found to be 163,500 ± 4,000. The s20, w0 is 7.17 × 10−13 sec; the D20, w0 is 3.95 × 10−7 cm2 sec−1. Using electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips, the isoelectric pH was found to be approximately 4.6. The amino acid composition of the enzyme is quite similar to counterparts from other sources; there are 1,384 amino acid residues per molecule. The enzyme contains 4 eq of bound NAD+ and four sulfhydryl groups and these findings in conjunction with the amino acid content are indicative of a tetrameric structure. Levels of hydrophobicity were calculated for the thermophilic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and compared with proteins from other sources. The average hydrophobicity of the thermophilic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was found to be close to that of other glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases and it was concluded that this parameter need not be an indication of thermostability. The general similarities between the thermophilic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase described here and other glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases make a mechanism of thermophily for this enzyme unclear. Further structural work is in progress to elucidate a mechanism.
Shock effects from a large impact on the moon

The shock and shear deformation induced internal energy distribution is calculated for a major basin-forming hypervelocity meteorite impact on the moon. Using the Hageman and Walsh formulation of the axisymmetric two-dimensional conservation equations in finite difference form, the flow field induced upon impact of an iron meteorite traveling at 15 km/sec with a gabbroic anorthosite lunar crust is calculated for sequential time steps over a grid of hoop-shaped zones fixed in space. A grid of massless tracer particles follows the outline in detail of the deformed meteorite and lunar surf ace in the cratering region. Assuming an energy of 5 x 10^(32) ergs for the projectile energy required to excavate a basin of Imbrium size yields a flow field some 210 km in radius, ~19 sec after impact. At this point the maximum stress level has decayed to pressures less than 200 kbar and left a zone of shock-melted rock immediately surrounding the meteorite at stresses below 100 kbar. However, portions of the meteorite are still moving downward at speeds of 2 km/sec. At this time some 7.2 and 4.2 meteorite masses of lunar surf ace material has been partially or completely melted or vaporized, respectively. Using recent estimates of ejecta volume for Imbrium-sized craters and the present results implies that the ejecta from a single such event will contain only 0.03-8% melt depending upon the scaling relation used. This implies that for impacts in the present velocity range, multiple events are required to produce the (larger) mass fractions of glass seen in the lunar breccias and soils. Comparison with predictions of the Gault and Heitowit formulation indicates that this earlier model is approximately valid. It predicts too rapid a decay of shock pressure with distance and hence, energy densities which are too high in the mass of surf ace material immediately surrounding the impacting meteorite.
Learning from Advice

Computer models of how humans learn from direct instruction by a knowledgeable teacher have demonstrated how language processing mechanisms may be leveraged to rapidly acquire and apply new knowledge, as well as how such explicit knowledge may be refined through experience. Keywords: learning; computational modeling; advice taking; instructed learning; learning by being told
4 Remembering One and All: Early Postclassic Residential Burial in Coastal Oaxaca, Mexico

Residential burial at RViejo marked deceased adults as members of particular houses and as witnesses and actors within the world of the living after their physical deaths. The standardization in burial locations, positions, and offerings emphasized the group identity of R´oo Viejo adults and their shared house histories. The simultaneous commitment to keeping individual bodies separate and intact, however, indicates that this group identity was not achieved through the subjugation of individual identities. Instead, at RViejo, the deceased were celebrated as a cohort of ancestors made up of unique individuals, rather than as a single-minded collective group. (residential burial, Mesoamerica, ancestors, social identities, age)
QCD inequalities for hadron interactions

We derive generalizations of the Weingarten-Witten QCD mass inequalities for particular multihadron systems. For systems of any number of identical pseudoscalar mesons of maximal isospin, these inequalities prove that near threshold interactions between the constituent mesons must be repulsive and that no bound states can form in these channels. Similar constraints in less symmetric systems are also extracted. These results are compatible with experimental results (where known) and recent lattice QCD calculations, and also lead to a more stringent bound on the nucleon mass than previously derived, m_{N}≥3/2m_{π}.
Parents as teachers: Comparisons of mothers' and fathers' instructional interactions with infants☆

Abstract The present study compared the teaching behavior of mothers and fathers of 16 8-month-old infants. Parents were required to teach their infants to deposit a cube into a cup. Results indicated that fathers talked more than mothers and spent more time prohibiting infant activity.
Concentrating particles on drop surfaces using external electric fields

We propose to use an externally applied uniform electric field to alter the distribution of particles on the surface of a drop immersed in another immiscible liquid. Specifically, we seek to generate well-defined concentrated regions at the drop surface while leaving the rest of the surface particle free. Experiments show that when the dielectric constant of the drop is greater than that of the ambient liquid the particles for which the Clausius-Mossotti factor is positive move along the drop surface to the two poles of the drop. Particles with a negative Clausius-Mossotti factor, on the other hand, move along the drop surface to form a ring near the drop equator. The opposite takes place when the dielectric constant of the drop is smaller than that of the ambient liquid, namely particles for which the Clausius-Mossotti factor is positive form a ring near the equator while those for which such a factor is negative move to the poles. This motion is due to the dielectrophoretic force that acts upon particles because the electric field on the surface of the drop is nonuniform, despite the uniformity of the applied electric field. Experiments also show that when small particles collect at the poles of a deformed drop the electric field needed to break the drop is smaller than without particles. These phenomena could be useful to concentrate particles at a drop surface within well-defined regions (poles and equator), separate two types of particles at the surface of a drop or increase the drop deformation to accelerate drop breakup.
Automated on-line column-switching HPLC–MS/MS method for measuring environmental phenols and parabens in serum

We developed a method using on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to measure the serum concentrations of seven environmental phenols and five parabens: bisphenol A; ortho-phenylphenol; 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,5-dichlorophenol; 2,4,5-trichlorophenol; benzophenone-3; triclosan; and methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzyl-parabens. The phenols and parabens present in serum were retained and concentrated on a C18 reversed-phase size-exclusion SPE column, back-eluted from the SPE column while the eluate was diluted through a mixing Tee (analyte peak focusing), separated using a pair of monolithic HPLC columns, and detected by isotope dilution-MS/MS. Sample preparation did not require protein precipitation, only dilution of the serum with 0.1M formic acid. This method, which combines an on-line SPE with analyte peak focusing feature and the selective atmospheric pressure photoionization MS detection, resulted in limits of detection ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ng/mL for most of the analytes. The high throughput and adequate sensitivity with yet a relative low serum volume used (100 microL) confirm that analytically it is possible to measure simultaneously these phenols and parabens with the precision and accuracy at sub-parts-per-billion levels required for biomonitoring. However, important additional factors, including validated sample collecting, handling, and storing protocols, as well as toxicokinetic data, are required if these measures are used for exposure assessment.
Rate of H2 formation on amorphous grains

The rate of formation of molecular hydrogen from hydrogen atoms adsorbed on grains is analyzed, assuming that the grains are single crystals, polycrystalline or amorphous. On polycrystalline grains, and on graphite platelets, this rate could be orders of magnitude lower than on single crystal grains. The same is true for amorphous grains because there, at low temperatures, only atoms absorbed on neighboring sites can form molecules. Suitable formulae are derived and compared with the classical results for single crystal grains. Quantitative results are given for crystalline and amorphous ice, but with small changes these should also be valid for other solids. The rates for amorphous grains can approximate, within a factor of 10 or so, those for crystalline grains if the density of H atoms is high and the density of H2 molecules is low and only when the temperature of the grains satisfies a relation which for ice and graphite leads to a value in the proximity of 15–17 K. This maximum rate occurs only a degree or so above the temperature at which the grains are totally covered by an H2 layer and the reaction ceases. Furthermore, for a constant number density of grains, the rates on amorphous grains are second order while those on crystalline grains are first order. Both these circumstances predict amorphous grains to lead to H2 clouds with irregular and sharply delineated features in contrast to more uniform clouds formed on crystalline grains.