cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally high electronic mobility in defect-rich Eu2ZnSb2−xBix alloys

The Zintl compound Eu2ZnSb2 was recently shown to have a promising thermoelectric figure of merit, zT ∼ 1 at 823 K, due to its low lattice thermal conductivity and high electronic mobility. In the current study, we show that further increases to the electronic mobility and simultaneous reductions to the lattice thermal conductivity can be achieved by isovalent alloying with Bi on the Sb site in the Eu2ZnSb2−xBix series (x = 0, 0.25, 1, 2). Upon alloying with Bi, the effective mass decreases and the mobility linearly increases, showing no signs of reduction due to alloy scattering. Analysis of the pair distribution functions obtained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction revealed significant local structural distortions caused by the half-occupied Zn site in this structure type. It is all the more surprising, therefore, to find that Eu2ZnBi2 possesses high electronic mobility (∼100 cm2 V−1 s−1) comparable to that of AM2X2 Zintl compounds. The enormous degree of disorder in this series gives rise to exceptionally low lattice thermal conductivity, which is further reduced by Bi substitution due to the decreased speed of sound. Increasing the Bi content was also found to decrease the band gap while increasing the carrier concentration by two orders of magnitude. Applying a single parabolic band model suggests that Bi-rich compositions of Eu2ZnSb2−xBix have the potential for significantly improved zT; however, further optimization is necessary through reduction of the carrier concentration to realize high zT.
Competition Law As Common Law: American Express and the Evolution of Antitrust

We explore the implications of the widely accepted understanding that competition law is common — or “judge-made” — law. Specifically, we ask how the rule of reason in antitrust law should be shaped and implemented, not just to guide correct application of existing law to the facts of a case, but also to enable courts to participate constructively in the common law-like evolution of antitrust law in the light of changes in economic learning and business and judicial experience. We explore these issues in the context of a recently decided case, Ohio v. American Express, and conclude that the Supreme Court did not apply the rule of reason in a way that enabled an effective common law-like evolution of antitrust law.
A 9.0-TOPS/W Hash-Based Deep Neural Network Accelerator Enabling 128× Model Compression in 10-nm FinFET CMOS

A 10-nm DNN inference accelerator compresses model size with tabulation hash-based fine-grained weight sharing and increases 8b-compute density by $3.4\times $ to 1.6 TOPS/mm2. The compressed model DNN implements lightweight hashing circuits to compress fully connected and recurrent neural networks. Optimized shared weight address generation reduces MUX tree area overhead by 40%. Runtime hash table generation and weight mapping circuits enable a peak energy efficiency of 9.0 TOPS/W at 450 mV, 25 °C. A $128\times $ -compressed 3-layer long short-term memory classifies TIMIT phonemes with 85.6% accuracy for a total energy of 14 $\mu \text{J}$ /classification, with <0.5% degradation in accuracy over an uncompressed network.
Perspectives on literacy coaching: defining roles and expectations

This qualitative study examines the roles and expectations of teacher leaders who support teachers in their literacy instruction, termed literacy coaches. It explores literacy coaches', teachers', ...
Play it again IMuCo! Music Composition to Match your Mood

Relating sounds to visuals, like photographs, is something humans do subconsciously every day. Deep learning has allowed for several image-related applications, with some focusing on generating labels for images, or synthesize images from a text description. Similarly, it has been employed to create new music scores from existing ones, or add lyrics to a song. In this work, we bring sight and sound together and present IMuCo, an intelligent music composer that creates original music for any given image, taking into consideration what its implied mood is. Our music augmentation and composing methodology attempts to translate image “linguistics” into music “linguistics” without any intermediate natural language translation steps. We propose an encoder-decoder architecture to translate an image into music, first classifying it into one of predefined moods, then generating music to match it. We discuss in detail how we created the training dataset, including several feature engineering decisions in terms of representing music. We also introduce an evaluation classifier framework used for validation and evaluation of the system, and present experimental results of IMuCo’s prototype for two moods: happy and sad. IMuCo can be the core component of a framework that composes the soundtrack for longer video clips, used in advertising, art, and entertainment industries.
Abstract 14381: Patient-specific Fluid Structure Interaction Simulations of Anomalous Origins of Right Coronary Arteries in Adults Correlate With Measured Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio

Introduction: Anomalous coronaries are associated with ischemia and sudden death, but the recommendation to undergo surgery is often uncertain, especially for asymptomatic individuals with an anoma...
Identitarian politics, precarious sovereignty

This essay investigates the intersection among postmodern neomedievalism, environmental activism, and nostalgic Southern pastoralism in crafting the ideology of American white supremacist groups, especially the fraternity formerly known as Identity Evropa that rose to international prominence in the aftermath of Charlottesville 2017. It explores the intellectual underpinnings of Identitarianism in the work of Guillaume Faye, whose strategic deployments and polemical contortions of ‘ethnicity’ and ‘race’ both mimic and coopt academic discourse within early medieval studies; the rhetorical elision of ethnicity and race provides a convenient cover for mainstreaming pan-European white nationalism and revisionist historiography. Identitarians, by upgrading ecofascist tactics and Malthusian logic, situate themselves at the nexus of late capitalist precariat and contemporary economic, environmental, and political crises. In contrast to Hedley Bull’s neomedievalism, Faye’s New Middle Ages is an archeofuturistic racialist imperium that rejects neoliberalism’s multiracial globalization, revives fictive ancestral values, and envisions a medievalized geopolitical sanctum of whiteness.
Diagnostic Testing for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Diagnostic evaluation for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) should occur in the context of a comprehensive sleep evaluation.
Thin Film Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Modulator for 1064 nm Wavelength

Electro-optic modulators are used in a wide variety of photonic systems, and their operation at the 1064 nm wavelength is notable for its applications such as frequency comb generation and optical interconnects. This work demonstrates the first (to the best of our knowledge) thin film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The modulator was fabricated from crystal-ion-sliced lithium niobate wafers procured from NanoLN. Electron beam lithography was used to define the waveguides, and laser lithography was used to define the electrodes, forming a ridge waveguide in the lithium niobate, with a width of 900 nm and an etch depth of 90 nm, by inductively coupled plasma etching. The modulator was characterized using a polarization rotation technique, in which two modes of the waveguide were excited and both were shown to exhibit phase modulation. This modulator exhibits a half-wave voltage of 2.73 volts, with a 7 mm long interaction region and 1.91 V-cm modulation efficiency.
Networked knowledge, combinatorial creativity, and (statistical) innovation.

During one of a series of long 10-hour drives to Pennsylvania, I came across the Facebook page “Brain Pickings” by Maria Popova. The page covers topics across literature, science, art, philosophy, ...
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT IN EGYPT

Development depends on various substrates comes in the forefront theinvestment, as well as the capacity of the national economy contained land,human and technological resources. Expenditure on investment leads toincreased aggregate demand and stimulates the economy in its entirety andcreates jobs and increase incomes. Investment means the flow of assetsperennials that work either to increase the ability in the future to produceproducts or to create benefits for the consumer.The investment is associated with the climate societal attraction of thisinvestment, the social stability, and economic and legal. From this point theinvestment tries to achieve increases in income and activate various economicsectors, especially the agricultural sector, which is investment is consider asessential factor in development, since it is the sector that at least 55% of theEgyptian society live on its services and production.As a result of the limited domestic savings and the decline in domestic andforeign investment due to unfavorable conditions, this passes by the Egyptiansociety, especially after the revolution of January 25, 2011. The researchproblem presented by the poor size of investments and the efficiency and theweakness of its influence to push the rate of economic growth in general and thegrowth rate of the commodity sectors especially the agricultural sector, and toachieve the aim of the research we studied the following issues:1- Some economic indicators associated with the investment during the period (2000-2012).2- Reasons of the decline in volume and the efficiency of investment in Egyptwith special focus on the agricultural sector.The study proved the weakness of domestic investment and foreign directinvestment, due to the presence of a wide range of problems and obstacles facinginvestors, which negatively affect the investor and the challenge of appealing toinvest in Egypt, and even make them repulsive to invest. Examples of theseingredients outbreak of bureaucracy in government sectors and services, thelength of proceedings, the high cost of some services, the infrastructure, theinadequate promotion for foreign investment, poor efficiency of the activities ofscientific and technological research, the lack of adequate information to theinvestor for the domestic market and lack of accuracy.In addition to what has happened in the Egyptian society after the January 25revolution of the loose of security and lack of political and economic stability, andblurry vision in front of the investor for the future.It has to take care of all these ingredients and start the next phase in true orientationthrough the preparation of the society and the Egyptian market to be attractive to foreigninvestment, in order to move the economy and society towards progress anddevelopment.
Velocity Feedback Control of A Class of Systems and Its Application to the Design of Stabilizers in Multimachine Power Systems

This paper deals with velocity feedback control of a class of linear time-invariant systems. The control objective is to shift the dominant eigenvalues of the system to desired values without changing other ones. Conditions are discussed under which it is possible to find such a velocity feedback control. An algorithm is proposed to find the feedback gain.
Group velocity impacts on clock channel jitter amplification

Group velocity impacts on clock channel jitter amplification are studied by using numerical simulations. Periodic jitter, random jitter and duty cycle distortion amplification factors are shown to be proportional to group velocity.
Scombroid Fish Poisoning

Scombroid fish poisoning, otherwise known as histamine fish poisoning (HFP), is the most common seafood poisoning in the United States related to the improper storage of fish (1). Because of misdiagnosis and other factors, HFP is undoubtedly underreported (2). Enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus morganii, Morganella morganii, and Proteus vulgaris) act on the flesh of the poorly maintained fish to produce elevated histamine levels (as well as other bioactive amines) through the breakdown of the amino acid histadine (3,4). These organisms are part of the normal flora of certain fish and not thought to be the contaminants (5). Histamine production is correlated to the histadine content of fish, bacterial histadine decarboxylase, and environmental factors (6). Histadine levels vary from 1 g/kg in herring to as much as 15 g/kg in tuna (7). Unspoiled, fresh fish do contain small amounts of histamine (<0.1 mg/100 g [8]), but do not cause HFP.
A simple reliable solver for all the roots of a nonlinear function in a given domain

A simple and reliable solver based on an exclusion method is formulated to find all the zeros of a nonlinear function in a given bounded domainD. The algorithm automatically searchesD and returns small domains which contain all the zeros inD up to some prespecified accuracy e. The Running Time isO(log1/e)when two simple exclusion functions are implemented in the solver. Global information in the form of bounds on derivatives,M, is employed in these exclusion functions. This guarantees a reliable result without the risk of missing any zeros. The concept of a Dominating Function is introduced and an algorithm is formulated which computesM on every subdomaind inD automatically and efficiently. Pre-processing can be used for a class of functions to find a bounded subdomain ofD (which may itself be unbounded) which contains all the zeros inD. Three computational examples are given.
Glypican-3 is a binding protein on the HepG2 cell surface for tissue factor pathway inhibitor.

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a primary regulator of the initiation of blood coagulation. TFPI is internalized and degraded by HepG2 cells through the low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) but also binds another molecule present on the cell surface at approx. 10-fold the abundance of LRP [Warshawsky, Broze and Schwartz (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 6664-6668]. When HepG2 cells are washed with heparin or dextran sulphate, a substance that binds TFPI is removed from the cell surface and can be detected in a slot-blot assay. Preincubation with trypsin destroys the reactivity of the TFPI-binding component in the slot-blot assay, suggesting that it is a protein. In addition, when the sulphation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is prevented by growing the HepG2 cells in the presence of 30 mM sodium chlorate, TFPI binding is unaffected, whereas the binding of bovine lipoprotein lipase, a protein known to associate with cell-surface GAGs, falls to 50% of control levels. Dextran sulphate washes of HepG2 cells grown in sodium chlorate have an equal reactivity in slot-blot experiments to that of non-treated cells, suggesting that GAGs are not totally responsible for the binding activity observed. By using the slot blot to follow binding activity and conventional protein purification techniques, a protein species that migrates at 40 kDa after reduction was identified in the HepG2 cell wash. The binding of this protein to TFPI was confirmed with immobilized TFPI. Amino acid sequence analysis identified this protein species as a proteolytic fragment of glypican-3 (also called OCI-5), a member of the glypican family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteoglycans.
Anatomical Aspects of Abscission

Anatomical aspects of abscission are reviewed mainly on the basis of experimental studies on Coleus, Gossypium, and Phaseolus. In Phaseolus histological studies of explants show that petiolar abscission is correlated with the formation of tyloses in the vessels proximal to the zone of separation, and that the abscission zone is much less well demarcated than in Coleus or Gossypium. Radioautographic studies of Phaseolus petiole explants indicate little initial difference in the distribution of nucleolar RNA and in nuclear and cytoplasmic protein in cells distal (toward the blade) or proximal (toward the stem) to the region of separation. However, in ethylene-treated explants an increase in nucleolar RNA and in nuclear and cytoplasmic protein is evident in cortical cells immediately proximal to the abscission zone, and binucleate cells commonly occur. Abscission occurs by dissolution of newly formed cell walls and disruption of the mother cell walls in the zone of recently divided cells. It is suggested that the experimental results can be explained on the basis of changes induced in levels of ethylene in the petiole, the experimental application of ethylene becoming effective in expediting abscission only after the endogenous ethylene level in explants has declined.
Female Body Image as a Function of Themes in Rap Music Videos: A Content Analysis

A content analysis of rap music videos taken from the end of year countdowns aired on U.S. cable outlets (i.e. BET, MTV, and VH1) was undertaken. The analysis examined the body images of 258 female characters (87.6% Black, 5.8% White, 6.6% other) as a function of the thematic content in the videos (e.g., violence, sex). It was found that, overall, “thin” females were overrepresented in the videos. More interestingly, the body sizes of the female characters varied by three of the four video themes. When the music videos were high in sex, or high in materialism, women were more likely to have smaller body sizes. In contrast, when the videos were high in political awareness, women were more likely to have larger body sizes.
A vibrational study of cyclohexane and some of its isotopic derivatives—II. Raman and infrared spectra and assignments of cyclohexane-1,1,4,4-d4 and cyclohexane-1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5-d8

Abstract The vapor and liquid phase infrared spectra (375–4000 cm −1 ) and the liquid phase Raman spectra (with polarizations) of cyclohexane-1,1,4,4- d 4 and cyclohexane-1,1,2,2,4,4,5,- d 8 are presented for the first time. Vibrational assignments are made in view of the assignments for cyclohexane and cyclohexane- d 12 and in conjunction with two normal coordinate calculations -the first using a force field derived from a perturbation computation involving cyclohexane and cyclohexane- d 12 and the second using the transferable valence force field for saturated hydrocarbons of Snyder and Schachtschneider. Suggestions are put forward for 44 and 38 fundamentals in cyclohexane-1,1,4,4- d 4 and cyclohexane-1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5- d 8 respectively.
Reaction between CO and SO2 at elevated temperatures: A shock-tube investigation

The oxidation of carbon monoxide by sulfur dioxide was studied in a single-pulse shock tube over the temperature range 1770°–2453°K. The reactant compositions were CO/SO2/Ar=1/1/98, 4/4/92, 1/4/95, and 4/1/95, with initial reactant driver (He) pressure ranges of 27–170 torr and 50–175 psi, respectively. Reflected-shock dwell times lasted 376–541 μsec. Gas-chromatographic and mass-spectrometric analyses of the shocked samples indicated that no O2, SO3, or S2O was produced and only traces of COS and CS2 were generated. Close to 2 moles of CO2, the principal product, was formed per mole of SO2 which disappeared. At the small conversions tested, precise stoichiometry could not be established, and the CO concentrations were not directly measured. Although no quantitative check on the presence of solid sulfur could be obtained, there were several qualitative indications of sulfur deposition on the shock-tube walls and on the VPC column packing. An empirical rate expression was found to be Δ ( CO 2 ) / τ = k b ( Ar ) 0.57 ( CO ) 0.76 ( SO 2 ) 0.67 k b = 2.7 × 10 12 exp ⁡ [ − 48 , 300 ± 1 , 200 / R T ] mole − 1 cm 3 sec ⁡ − 1 , with error limits of ±0.1 on the partial orders, and 2±0.1 for the total order. Three plausible mechanisms were considered; arguments are presented against two of these in favor of a vibrational excitation process.
An empirical analysis of the leontief paradox in us agricultural trade

The labor, land, and capital intensities of US agricultural trade during 1982 are examined through an input-output model. The empirical findings indicate that factor endowments are important determinants of US agriculture's comparative advantage in international trade. In contrast to the Leontief Paradox, US agricultural exports tend to be more land and capital intensive while agricultural imports are more labor intensive.
Altered patterns of proteoglycan deposition during maturation of the fetal mouse lung.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that β-xyloside inhibits maturation of the fetal mouse lung (Smith et al., Dev. Biol. 138, 42–52, 1990). Insofar as this drug inhibits proteoglycan deposition, the present studies were undertaken to examine the chemical composition and tissue distribution of proteoglycans in order to determine, more precisely, their role during lung morphogenesis. Autoradiography of labeled 16- and 19-day embryonic lungs demonstrated greater incorporation over the mesenchyme. Treatment with β-xyloside did not alter the autoradiographic appearance; however, β-xyloside treatment followed by nitrous acid digestion, eliminated most silver grains. Isolation of proteoglycans from extracellular, membrane and intracellular pools over the 16- to 19-day interval demonstrated redistribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycan from an intracellular to a membrane location, while chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan redistributed from intracellular to extracellular. Only the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was inhibited by β-xyloside. On the basis of these results we suggest that a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is required for lung maturation and that inhibition of its synthesis results in inhibition of septa formation and subsequent failure of morphogenesis and differentiation.
Optimized Infectivity of the Cell-Free Single-Cycle Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Type 1 (HIV-1) and Its Restriction by Host Cells.

The infectivity of retroviruses such as HIV-1 in plasma or cultured media is less than 0.1% in general, the mechanisms of which are not yet fully understood. One possible explanation among others is the potential presence of large numbers of defective virions in a virus pool, which limits the apparent infectivity of HIV virions. To test this hypothesis, we have varied the culture conditions used to generate single-cycle HIV-1 virions. Among these culture variables, virion harvest time, media change after transfection, and envelope plasmid input can all improve HIV-1 infectivity by reducing the number of defective virions. A harvest time of 18–24 hours post transfection as opposed to 48 hours, and a media change six hours post transfection both improve viral infectivity. An optimal quantity of envelope plasmid input during transfection was also found. Collectively, these conditions increased the infectivity of HIV-1 virions by sevenfold compared to normally reported values in TZM-bl indicator cell lines. These conditions also increased the infectivity of HIV-1 in CD4+ T cells, suggesting that these conditions work by increasing the intrinsic infectivity of a virus pool. Nevertheless, these improvements on virion infectivity were marginal compared to the impact of host cells on HIV infection, which can decrease the apparent infectivity by 19-fold even for the most optimized viruses. These results suggest that the infectivity of HIV-1 virions can be optimized by reducing the number of defective virions; however, viral-cell interactions may pose a major barrier for HIV-1 infectivity.
An examination of the construct validity of the Social Anhedonia Scale.

Two studies bearing on the construct validity of the Social Anhedonia Scale (SA) are reported. Study 1 reported convergent validity coefficients between the SA scale and numerous measures of traits reflecting a generalized attitude toward others (e.g., social interest and empathy) as well as several traits reflecting maladjustment without a social component as a test of discriminant validity (e.g., pessimism and rigidity). Study 1 found impressive convergent validity for the SA scale and mixed discriminant validity. Study 2 found that the SA scale was related to two dimensions of striving for security, one of which is strongly influenced by negative interpersonal tendencies, suggesting support for the validity of the SA scale. Implications for the measurement and concept of social anhedonia are presented.
An assessment of sulfur deposition pathways in Asia

Abstract The acid deposition model is developed and applied to assess the sulfur deposition pathways in Asia. Simulations for four seasons are conducted: February, April, August, and October. The predicted results of summer and winter are compared to measured concentration of SO2, sulfate, and sulfate wet deposition in Japan. Further comparison of sulfate wet deposition to observations in China is made to assess the general performance of the model. The study shows that wet deposition is more important than dry deposition. It is the predominant factor in each of these four months. It is also found that rainout process, compared to washout process, make a larger contribution to sulfate wet deposition in summer and spring than in the dry months, such as October. The total sulfur wet to dry deposition ratio is 1.6 in February, 1.2 in April, 2.9 in August, and 1.9 in October.
A simplified method for calculating the diffusivity matrix in ternary alloys

Abstract In multicomponent diffusion, the fluxes of various elements are related to all the concentration gradients via the diffusivity matrix. The determination of the diffusivity for ternary alloys requires the computation of four independent matrix elements. A procedure for determining the diffusivity from a single experiment is described and evaluated. The validity of the procedure is demonstrated via implementation of Profiler , a PC-based software program. Achieving consistent results with controlled error limits requires careful attention to the numerical procedures.
The role of environmental asymmetries in Atlantic hurricane formation

Abstract The radial circulation equation for a balanced vortex is solved with forcing functions obtained from numerical simulations of hurricane formation from prehurricane cloud clusters and depressions. The simulations were made with the Naval Research Laboratory hurricane model using initial conditions derived from the Colorado State University composite datasets. Separate solutions of the radial circulation equation using different forcing functions provide evidence that large-scale eddy fluxes of heat and momentum serve to trigger the formation of the model hurricanes. Such fluxes, found in the Colorado State University datasets, induce a radial circulation with surface inflow over a broad stretch of warm ocean. This inflow picks up water vapor and concentrates it in the region of the vortex where the resulting release of latent heat by cumulus convection serves as an additional driving force that further enhances the radial circulation. Mechanisms such as CISK and finite-amplitude instability, which...
A virtual community of practice to support faculty efforts to adopt research-based instructional approaches

This paper describes a model for a virtual community of practice (VCP) to support faculty efforts to adopt research-based instructional strategies. The VCP was built on published recommendations for successful faculty development programs. The two leaders had expertise in the technical focus areas of chemical engineering and material science, as well as in engineering pedagogy. The participants were were full-time faculty members with a range of teaching experience and pedagogical expertise. Workshops were held using Internet conferencing software: the first 8 weekly workshops provided training in research-based pedagogy, and the second 8 biweekly workshops supported faculty efforts to implement chosen strategies in their courses. Significant improvement was measured via pre/post survey in the areas of familiarity and use of research-based pedagogy, as well as in perceived student motivation.
Correlates of spontaneous echo contrast in patients with mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlates of spontaneous echo contrast in mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm. Spontaneous echo contrast is associated with clot formation and embolic phenomena. It has been noted in conditions involving blood stasis, especially mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation, but the correlates of spontaneous echo contrast in patients with mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm have not been extensively evaluated. The transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms and clinical findings of 47 patients with mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm were reviewed. Left atrial size, mean transmitral gradient, and valve area were measured, and the presence or absence of spontaneous echo contrast in the left atrium was noted. Spontaneous echo contrast was found in the echocardiograms of 21 (45%, group 1) of 47 patients. There was not contrast in those of the other 26 patients (group 2). Mean transmitral gradient was significantly higher in group 1 (13.6 ± 5.2 mm Hg) than in group 2 (10.5 ± 4.9 mm Hg) ( p 2 ; p
Observation of nonclassical effects in the interference of two photons.

By measuring the joint probability for the detection of two photons at two points as a function of the separation between the points, we have demonstrated the existence of nonclassical effects in the interference of signal and idler photons in parametric down-conversion. In principle, the detection of one photon at one point rules out certain positions where the other photon can appear.
Patient satisfaction and outcomes of surgery for de Quervain's tenosynovitis.

Abstract A 3-part retrospective study was done to review the long-term results of surgery for de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Forty-three involved wrists in 43 consecutive patients who had surgery from 1991 to 1996 were followed by chart review, phone interview, and outpatient examination. At an average length of follow-up of 3 years there were 2 patients with recurrence of de Quervain's tenosynovitis (5%), 1 with radial sensory nerve injury (2%), and 1 with severe scar tenderness (2%). Complication was found to be significantly associated with patient dissatisfaction after surgery. A long duration of symptoms before surgery (≥10 months) was significantly associated with patient satisfaction. The cure rate of surgery, defined as the percentage of patients without postoperative complication, was 91%, with 88% of patients indicating full satisfaction. These findings suggest that (1) patient dissatisfaction is significantly associated with long-term complication after surgery, (2) surgery is more likely to be satisfactory for patients with a long duration of symptoms, and (3) surgical intervention is effective as definitive therapy for de Quervain's tenosynovitis. (J Hand Surg 1999;24A:1071–1077. Copyright © 1999 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.)
SU‐FF‐T‐375: Radiotherapy Dose Reconstruction Using a Compton Camera Imaging System

Purpose: To reconstruct three‐dimensional dose delivered during radiation therapy treatments by using a Compton cameraimaging (CCI) system to detect and imagephotons scattered from the patient. Method and Materials:MCNPX was used to simulate a CCI detectorsystem and a monoenergetic photon beam incident on a simplified head phantom. Each of two CCI detectors was modeled with parallel planar ideal scatter and absorption detectors separated by 5‐cm. The two systems were positioned parallel to one another and perpendicular to the photon beam on opposite sides of the phantom. Relevant detector event data was extracted from the MCNPX output and passed to an image reconstruction algorithm. The reconstruction algorithm solved the intersection of the cone defined by the detector event information (and describing all possible points of origin of the detectedphoton) with each plane (slice) of the image space, producing a 3D rendering of the source spatial distribution. Voxel intensity of the reconstructed image is proportional to energy deposition at the corresponding physical location. Results:Detector event data from 3 × 108 source photons was used to reconstruct the scattered photon spatial distribution in the (20 cm)3 space between the two CCI systems with voxel dimensions of (1 mm)3. A comparison of the reconstructed image with the actual energy deposition at each voxel location as tallied by MCNPX showed good qualitative agreement. The reconstructed image accurately depicted high dose regions in the tumor and in the skull at beam entry and exit points. Conclusion: This work indicates the potential for a CCI system to reconstruct the dose distribution delivered to a patient during radiotherapy treatment without the need for implanted devices or secondary dose calculations. Research is ongoing to improve reconstructed image quality and to assess the performance of the proposed system under treatment‐room conditions.
It's a Matter of Money. Or Is It?

Lack of funding is definitely not desirable, but it is not the major impediment to good education. That dubious honor, I think, goes to a dearth of will and initiative on the parts of all of us in chemical education at one time or another.
Current generated by backward-running electrogenic Na pump in squid giant axons

The sodium pump of animal cells is electrogenic, that is, it normally exports more sodium ions than it imports potassium ions. In the squid giant axon, the resulting net outward electric current has a density of a few microA cm-2, and contributes 1-2 mV to the resting membrane potential. The pump is driven by the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP, and in some instances it has been possible to run the pump backwards and synthesize ATP by lowering the [ATP]/[ADP] X [Pi] ratio and steepening the transmembrane Na+ and K+ gradients. Here we have examined the question of whether a backward-running sodium pump conserves its Na+/K+ greater than 1 stoichiometry. We demonstrate reversal of the sodium pump of squid giant axon, and find that backward pumping indeed produces a net inward electric current. This current is voltage-sensitive. Our observations have mechanistic implications for models of the sodium pump.
Chlorambucil therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical experience in 28 patients and literature review

Abstract Our clinical experience in 28 patients receiving chlorambucil for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the reports on chlorambucil therapy are reviewed. Our study population and other reports generally represent patients with severe RA who had either failed to improve or developed significant toxicity during previous treatment with conventional slow acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARDs). Seventy-two percent of patients had a significant clinical improvement during chlorambucil therapy and reports of complete remission are given, although the incidence of remission is unknown. Hematologic complications are often reported, but appeared more frequently in our experience than previously reported. Hematologic toxicity required that chlorambucil be discontinued in the majority of our cases. Two deaths from suspected drug induced malignancies are reported. Although chlorambucil appears to be effective in the control of active RA. the potential for drug induced toxicity and malignancies may outweigh the benefit of continued use of this experimental therapy in RA.
The evolution and future of carbonate precipitation in marine invertebrates: Witnessing extinction or documenting resilience in the Anthropocene?

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the ability to precipitate carbonates evolved several times in marine invertebrates in the past 600 million years. Over the past decade, there has been a profusion of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of calcifying representatives from three metazoan phyla: Cnidaria, Echinodermata, and Mollusca. Based on this information, we compared proteins intimately associated with precipitated calcium carbonate in these three phyla. Specifically, we used a cluster analysis and gene ontology approach to compare ∼1500 proteins, from over 100 studies, extracted from calcium carbonates in stony corals, in bivalve and gastropod mollusks, and in adult and larval sea urchins to identify common motifs and differences. Our analysis suggests that there are few sequence similarities across all three phyla, supporting the independent evolution of biomineralization. However, there are core sets of conserved motifs in all three phyla we examined. These motifs include acidic proteins that appear to be responsible for the nucleation reaction as well as inhibition; structural and adhesion proteins that determine spatial patterning; and signaling proteins that modify enzymatic activities. Based on this analysis and the fossil record, we propose that biomineralization is an extremely robust and highly controlled process in metazoans that can withstand extremes in pH predicted for the coming century, similar to their persistence through the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (∼55 Mya).
Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Teacher Efficacy: What is the Relationship in Elementary Preservice Teachers?

The study investigated the relationship between mathematics anxiety and mathematics teacher efficacy among elementary preservice teachers. Participants included 28 elementary preservice teachers at a mid-size university in the southeastern United States who had just completed a mathematics methods course. Data sources included the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale. Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument, and clinical interviews. Findings revealed a significant, moderate negative relationship between mathematics anxiety and mathematics teacher efficacy (r = -.440, p < .05). In general, the preservice teachers with the lowest degrees of mathematics anxiety had the highest levels of mathematics teacher efficacy. The interviews indicated that efficaciousness toward mathematics teaching practices, descriptions of mathematics, and basis for mathematics teaching efficacy beliefs were associated with mathematics anxiety.
Joint multifractal measures: Theory and applications to turbulence

A high-Reynolds-number turbulent flow subsumes several intermittent fields; some examples are the rates of dissipation of turbulent energy and scalar variance, square of turbulent vorticity and rate of strain, etc. These intermittent fields display different degrees of correlation among them. Motivated by the need for characterizing such coexisting distributions of intermittent fields in fully developed turbulence, the multifractal formalism---which we have already found useful in describing such intermittent distributions singly---is extended to more than one variable. The formalism is first illustrated by studying joint log-normal as well as joint binomial distributions. It is then applied to simultaneous measurements in several classical turbulent flows of the joint distribution of a component of the dissipation of kinetic energy, the dissipation rate of passive scalar variance, as well as the square of a component of turbulent vorticity. This allows simple but realistic models of simultaneous cascades of more than one variable to be developed.
Integrating new and old information

It is reasonable to assume that information such as the fact that a beaver is larger than a mouse is part of the average college student's generalized world knowledge. The present experiments examine the processes whereby new information is integrated with this type of generalized world knowledge. During the study phase of these experiments, subjects were told, for example, that A BO Q is larger than a TOF. A TOF is larger than a beaver. A mouse is larger than a PIV. During the test phase, subjects were asked to verify sentences pertaining to this information. Some sentences (e.g., A TOF is larger than a beaver) were actually presented and needed only to be retrieved. Other sentences (e.g., A BO Q is larger than a beaver) could be deduced using just the information presented during the study phase. Finally, some sentences (i.e., A TOF is larger than a PIV) could be deduced only by using one's existing knowledge that a beaver is larger than a mouse. The factors affecting subject's ability to respond correctly to this latter type of question were examined.
Total elbow anthroplasty and distal humerus elbow fractures

Palvanen et al in 2003 collected data on osteoporotic fractures of the distal humerus fractures from the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register. They defined an osteoporotic fracture of the distal humerus as a fracture occurring in persons 60 years of age or older following moderate or minimal trauma. The annual rate of incidence of these types of fractures has increased significantly, with 42 fractures reported in 1970 and 208 fractures in 2000(395% increase). The age-specific incidence rates showed a ninefold increase for women 80 years of age or older (8 in 1970 versus 75 in 2000). In the 60-69-year and 70-79-year age groups, the age adjusted increases were twofold. This presents great challenges for future orthopedists, reinforcing the ongoing need to critically analyze results of treatment for this difficult problem. Many patients over the age of 60 years can do well with traditional open reduction and internal fixation of distal humerus fractures. When patients have poor bone quality, however, preventing stable internal fixation or significant medical comorbidities, TEA should be considered. Encouraging results have been reported using TEA as a primary mode of treatment for carefully selected comminuted distal humerus fractures in elderly patients, particularly if the patient also has significant rheumatoid arthritic changes. A triceps-sparing approach is recommended so that patients may be mobilized early following surgery.
On the comparison of optimal control systems

This correspondence presents conditions which permit the comparison of the optimal performance of control systems which have the same criterion but different dynamics. These conditions are applied to linear quadratic problems and to establishing performance bounds for suboptimal systems.
Efficient Gaussian process regression for large datasets

Gaussian processes are widely used in nonparametric regression, classification and spatiotemporal modelling, facilitated in part by a rich literature on their theoretical properties. However, one of their practical limitations is expensive computation, typically on the order of n3 where n is the number of data points, in performing the necessary matrix inversions. For large datasets, storage and processing also lead to computational bottlenecks, and numerical stability of the estimates and predicted values degrades with increasing n. Various methods have been proposed to address these problems, including predictive processes in spatial data analysis and the subset-of-regressors technique in machine learning. The idea underlying these approaches is to use a subset of the data, but this raises questions concerning sensitivity to the choice of subset and limitations in estimating fine-scale structure in regions that are not well covered by the subset. Motivated by the literature on compressive sensing, we propose an alternative approach that involves linear projection of all the data points onto a lower-dimensional subspace. We demonstrate the superiority of this approach from a theoretical perspective and through simulated and real data examples.
Possibility of an Infinite Sequence of Regge Recurrences

We show that a Regge trajectory, $\ensuremath{\alpha}(s)$, cannot have the property $\mathrm{Re}\ensuremath{\alpha}(s)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}+\ensuremath{\infty}$ as $s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}+\ensuremath{\infty}$ without leading to inconsistencies with two features of dispersion theory and Regge pole theory: that both $\ensuremath{\alpha}(s)$ and the reduced residue function, $\ensuremath{\gamma}(s)$, are analytic in the cut plane with one cut, and that they and the partial wave amplitude, $a(l, s)$, for $\mathrm{Re}l=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$, are bounded for large $|s|$ by $\mathrm{exp}[{|s|}^{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}]$.
Surgical therapies for advanced heart failure in pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy

Abstract Heart transplantation remains the best option for long term survival in pediatric patients suffering from end stage cardiomyopathy. Data from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study indicates an expected 10 year survival of 70% following cardiac transplantation among pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy. Despite this successful therapy, mortality prior to cardiac transplantation remains substantial. Over the past decade, mechanical circulatory support has improved survival in patients who deteriorate prior to cardiac transplantation. In a recent analysis, nearly 10% of pediatric heart transplant patients are supported by ventricular assist devices prior to transplant. However, the availability of mechanical devices for small children and infants remains severely limited. A paracorporeal pump for infants and children is currently in clinical trials, and an NHLBI initiative has focused on the development of durable implantable pumps for small pediatric patients.
Multi-output parameter estimation of dynamic systems by output shapes

A multi-output method of parameter estimation is introduced for dynamic systems that relies on the shape attributes of model outputs. The shapes of outputs in this method are represented by the surfaces that are generated by continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs) of the outputs in the time-scale domain. Since the CWTs also enhance the delineation of outputs and their sensitivities to model parameters in the time-scale domain, regions in the time-scale plane can be identified wherein the sensitivity of the output with respect to one model parameter dominates all the others. This allows approximation of the prediction error in terms of individual model parameters in isolated regions of the time-scale domain, thus enabling parameter estimation based on a small set of wavelet coefficients. These isolated regions of the time-scale plane also reveal numerous transparencies to be exploited for parameter estimation. It is shown that by taking advantage of these transparencies, the robustness of parameter estimation...
Rates of 1,5-Hydrogen Abstraction in 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-n-pentyl and 1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexafluoro-n-pentyl Radicals

A new competitive kinetic method to obtain the relative rates of intramolecular hydrogen abstraction versus intermolecular deuterium abstraction has been developed and used to measure the rates of the relatively slow unimolecular 1,5-hydrogen abstractions by 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroalkyl (XCH2CH2CH2CF2CF2•) and 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoroalkyl (XCH2CH2CF2CF2CF2•) radicals. Substituents at the site of C−H abstraction (X = CH3O−, CH3S−, CH3−, C6H5−, CH3C(O)O−) have only a moderate effect, with the rate constants for 1,5-shifts in the 103 s-1 range. Values of kH and kD for bimolecular hydrogen/deuterium transfer from t-BuMe2SiH(D) and Me3SiSiMe2H(D) are reported along with measures of side-chain H transfer from the deuterated silanes.