cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uterine blood flow in a psychiatric population: impact of maternal depression, anxiety, and psychotropic medication.

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that fetal exposure to maternal psychiatric symptoms is associated with future risk for psychopathology. One potential pathway is distress-linked constriction in uterine or umbilical blood flow (UBF). With approximately 6.6% of pregnant women taking an antidepressant, an ecologically valid investigation of this hypothesis must consider the potential concomitant influence of pharmacotherapy on UBF. Methods Pregnant women (n = 101) with lifetime histories of mental illness were evaluated every 4 to 6 weeks during gestation for mood symptoms and medication use; women underwent an ultrasound examination for UBF at approximately 25 weeks gestation. Results No associations were observed between UBF and three assessments of maternal prenatal depression and anxiety (acute: coincident with the UBF scan; proximal: within 2 weeks of the scan; chronic: serial symptom ratings). Chronic and acute use of bupropion was associated with reduced UBF, even after controlling for pregnancy complications. Chronic use of atypical antipsychotics also was associated with decreased UBF. There were no associations between serotonergic antidepressant use and UBF. Conclusions Contrary to a popular hypothesis, depression and anxiety-associated reductions in UBF may not be a pathway by which risk is conferred during prenatal development. However, while requiring replication, our findings suggest that prenatal bupropion exposure may be associated with reductions in UBF.
Possible biomechanical origins of the long-range correlations in stride intervals of walking

When humans walk, the time duration of each stride varies from one stride to the next. These temporal fluctuations exhibit long-range correlations. It has been suggested that these correlations stem from higher nervous system centers in the brain that control gait cycle timing. Existing proposed models of this phenomenon have focused on neurophysiological mechanisms that might give rise to these long-range correlations, and generally ignored potential alternative mechanical explanations. We hypothesized that a simple mechanical system could also generate similar long-range correlations in stride times. We modified a very simple passive dynamic model of bipedal walking to incorporate forward propulsion through an impulsive force applied to the trailing leg at each push-off. Push-off forces were varied from step to step by incorporating both “sensory” and “motor” noise terms that were regulated by a simple proportional feedback controller. We generated 400 simulations of walking, with different combinations of sensory noise, motor noise, and feedback gain. The stride time data from each simulation were analyzed using detrended fluctuation analysis to compute a scaling exponent, a. This exponent quantified how each stride interval was correlated with previous and subsequent stride intervals over different time scales. For different variations of the noise terms and feedback gain, we obtained short-range correlations (α 1.0). Our results indicate that a simple biomechanical model of walking can generate long-range correlations and thus perhaps these correlations are not a complex result of higher level neuronal control, as has been previously suggested.
Weakly temperature dependent highly conducting polyquinoline based pyrolytic films

Abstract The vapour phase thermolysis of quinoline oligomers at 900 – 1200°C yields a new class of highly conducting organic polymer films. Both transmission electron microscopy and powder x-ray diffraction of the film showed an amorphous structureless appearance without any sign of the graphitic layer structure. These films exhibit a conductivity of higher than 400 S/cm at room temperature without doping and high stability under ambient conditions. The conductivity is weakly temperature dependent with a resistance ratio of R 29K /R 800K equal to 1.41, and a resistance maximum at 29K.
Possible Extension of Minimal Current Algebra and Applications

An attempt has been made to extend the minimal current algebra of Bjorken and Brandt starting from a gauge-field Lagrangian and including in it nonets of scalar and pseudoscalar fields and making use of canonical communtation relations both for spin-zero and spin-one fields. To apply it to the problem of weak-interaction divergences, we identify suitably normalized fields with weak currents and scalar and pseudoscalar densities introduced by Gell-Mann. As in the case of Bjorken and Brandt, we go to the limit ${m}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, ${g}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ such that $\frac{{g}_{0}}{{{m}_{0}}^{2}}=\mathrm{const}\ensuremath{\ne}0$, where ${m}_{0}$ and ${g}_{0}$ are masses and coupling constants of the Yang-Mills field. In the extended minimal algebra, the nonleptonic weak processes are free of all divergences to lowest order and of a class of leading divergences to all orders in the weak-coupling constant.
When Reforms Travel: The Sequel

In a previous paper, we described the process in which a reform, grown in the soil of one school district (Community District #2 in New York City) was transplanted to new soil, a new context (the San Diego City Schools). In this paper we examine the condition of the reform 6 years later, at the time Anthony Alvarado, the architect of the reform in New York City and its transplant to San Diego, left the San Diego City Schools, and a new phase of reform was underway. From 1998 through 2002, the San Diego City Schools engaged in a dramatic, daring, and possibly unprecedented reform. Their overarching goal was expressed consistently in terms of student learning. To achieve that commendable goal, the District instituted a content-driven, centralized, comprehensive, and fast-paced reform in 1998. We discuss the tensions that were produced when the ambitiousness of a reform outpaced the capacity of educators to carry it out; when the values, norms, and beliefs of teachers and principals col These developments have consequences for our assessment of how reforms travel from one district to another. Reforms that were developed for and proved their effectiveness in elementary settings appear to have limited transferability to middle and high school settings because elementary students’ learning trajectories are different from adolescents and the organizations of high schools are very different from elementary schools. And reforms that privilege the technical dimension of school reform must always be sensitive to the way that interacts with the political and cultural dimensions.
Glucose/Sugar Transport in Mammals

Glucose is the primary energy source for mammalian cells and its oxidation provides adenosine triphosphate under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Moreover, its storage as glycogen in the liver provides a ready source of glucose during states of fasting through the catabolism of glycogen and the release of glucose back into the circulation. Glycogen storage also represents the primary source of energy for muscle. In adipocytes, glucose can be converted to triglycerides, a more energetically compact fuel store that can be better metabolized to fatty acids and glycerol. Apart from being a major source of metabolic energy, glucose is also a source of structural moieties for other macromolecules including glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycolipids, and nucleic acids. However, glucose is a highly polar molecule that is impermeable across cell membrane and therefore two specific families of mammalian glucose transporters, the sodium-dependent glucose transporters and the facilitative glucose transporters have evolved.
Effects of temperature on the development and survival of Nanomia bijuga (Hydrozoa, Siphonophora)

. The effects of temperature on the development of marine invertebrates have been studied primarily in benthic species. For this study, gametes were collected from Nanomia bijuga, a mesopelagic siphonophore, and were self-crossed. Fertilized eggs kept at 8 and 12°C developed more slowly at the lower temperature. Developing stages were preserved after 2, 4, 6, and 9 days of development for comparative analysis with SEM. Concurrent experiments compared survival. Eggs collected from two additional colonies were placed in four temperature treatments: 4, 8, 12, and 18°C. The young developed normally in all treatments, but survived longer at lower temperatures. Young of N. bijuga will develop to siphonulae possessing tentacles, nematocysts, and a functional gastrozooid without being fed. Nonetheless, it is likely that food constraints, rather than temperature, limited survival in this study.
The Harris 20-20 Integrated Network Switch

This paper describes the system architecture of the Harris 20-20, an integrated voice/data network switch. Both hardware and software aspects of the system are presented. The hardware buses and all major assemblies are identified and described. The architecture is innovative in that the system accommodates both North American and European standard multiplex equipment. The software design permits the subsystems to all run on a single microprocessor or to be distributed over multiple processors with no change to the application-level software.
Prostaglandin A1 inhibition of chondrosarcoma growth.

The effects of various prostaglandins (PG) on the in vitro synthesis of macromolecules by two transplantable chondrosarcomas were studied. Prostaglandin A1 markedly inhibited the incorporation of radioactive precursors into chondromucoprotein, total protein, RNA and DNA of both a well differentiated rat chondrosarcoma and a poorly differentiated murine chondrosarcoma. PGE1 and PGF1α had no effects on the synthesis of macromolecules by either tumor. PGA1 inhibitory effects occurred over a dose range of 1 to 25 μg/ml. PGA1 had no effect on the synthesis of macromolecules by liver. The data indicate that malignant transformation of cartilage cells does not alter their responsiveness to PGA1.
The long-term effects of public housing on self-sufficiency

Recent years have witnessed an intensification of the debate about the fundamental purpose of public assistance to the poor and the effects of these programs on children. This study uses enriched data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the effects of living in public housing as a child at some point between 1968 and 1982 on four young adult outcomes: welfare receipt; individual earnings; household earnings relative to the federal poverty line; and employment. Living in public housing during childhood increased employment, raised earnings, and reduced welfare use, but had no effect on household earnings relative to the poverty line. The beneficial effects could have arisen because public housing improved physical living conditions, reduced residential mobility, or enabled families to spend more of their income on items that benefit children's development. Whether these effects apply to contemporary public housing is unknown. © 2002 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Accounting for biological aggregation in heating and imaging of magnetic nanoparticles

Aggregation is a known consequence of nanoparticle use in biology and medicine; however, nanoparticle characterization is typically performed under the pretext of well-dispersed, aqueous conditions. Here, we systematically characterize the effects of aggregation on the alternating magnetic field induced heating and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performance of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in non-ideal biological systems. Specifically, the behavior of IONP aggregates composed of ~10 nm primary particles, but with aggregate hydrodynamic sizes ranging from 50 nm to 700 nm, was characterized in phosphate buffered saline and fetal bovine serum suspensions, as well as in gels and cells. We demonstrate up to a 50% reduction in heating, linked to the extent of aggregation. To quantify aggregate morphology, we used a combination of hydrodynamic radii distribution, intrinsic viscosity, and electron microscopy measurements to describe the aggregates as quasifractal entities with fractal dimensions in the 1.8-2.0 range. Importantly, we are able to correlate the observed decrease in magnetic field induced heating with a corresponding decrease in longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) in MR imaging, irrespective of the extent of aggregation. Finally, we show in vivo proof-of-principle use of this powerful new imaging method, providing a critical tool for predicting heating in clinical cancer hyperthermia.
Optimal sampling of holomorphic functions. II

In this paper, we continue the investigations initiated in [1, 2]. Our concern is to identify Banach spaces of holomorphic functions for which sampling of function values yields optimal information in the following sense. Let B be a Banach space of holomorphic functions on a domain D in the complex plane with norm N' HnLet X be another Banach space of complex-valued functions with norm ]j 9 )l x and assume that B = X. We wish to estimate, in the norm of X, an element f of B by means of n linear observations L1 ... . . L, ~ B*. We accomplish this by choosing an algorithm A, that is, a mapping A : C " ~ X , and use A(L l f , .... L , f ) as an approximation of f. The error for A, given only that f ~ B, is
Elementary orthodox semigroups

On montre l'existence de semi-groupes O(α,β) orthodoxe elementaire libre pour chaque paire de cardinaux. α=card A, β=card B, ou α≤β et, on montre aussi que chaque semi-groupe orthodoxe elementaire libre est isomorphe a un de ceux-ci precisement. Etude de FO=O(1,1), le semi-groupe orthodoxe elementaire libre sur deux generateurs mutuellement inverses q et p
A hypothesis on the role of pheromones on age of menarche

Over the last century and a half there has been a secular decline in the age of menarche in Western, industrialized cultures. This trend has been largely ascribed to improved nutrition and health, and we offer an alternative hypothesis that changes in socio-economic conditions have resulted in changes in the pheromonal climate to which prepubertal females are exposed, thereby affecting onset of menarche. Extensive data from non-human mammalian studies indicate that puberty in females is delayed by exposure to adult females, and accelerated by exposure to adult males. The mechanism is pheromonal. The pheromonal climate of the home may have changed since mothers are in the home less (more women now work) and fathers are in the home more (work day of 8 rather than 14 hr). Assuming humans respond similarly to pheromones, this change would contribute to a decline in age of menarche.
RACIAL DIVERSITY IN CALIFORNIAN PRUNELLA VULGARIS

Summary Two sequential common garden studies of Californian Prunella -culgmis subsp. lanceolata have revealed the existence of a first-year flowering low-elevation race adapted to mild winters and a second-year flowering montane race adapted to severe winters. Characteristics of habit and growth rate provide for the recognition of coastal and inland forms within the low-elevation race and Cascade and Sierran forms within the montane race. The distribution of these four racial forms in California can be correlated with climatological features. Clinal variation correlated with latitude and elevation can be demonstrated within each form. A sequence by which the four forms might have evolved is postulated. Comparison of the results obtained with published accounts of variation in European P. vulgaris and other Californian species suggests that modes of infraspecific variation in California and Europe may be more comparable than previous studies would indicate.
The Bubble Factory: Addressing Difficult Issues in HRM

The Bubble Factory is a fish-bowl, participatory exercise wherein three to eight students participate in a “factory” that produces high-quality soap bubbles using wands and soap and glycerin solution (such as Mr. Bubbles brand) typically found in toy stores or department stores. The instructor doctors the materials prior to the exercise so that unequal results are produced across “production lines.” This sets up discussion of the relative importance of individual versus situational influences, Deming-style quality problem solving, and industrial design of experiment, and discussion of the limitations of traditional HRM practices and how one might apply quality concepts to HRM. This is suitable for undergraduate (45–60 minutes) or MBA levels (45–75 minutes).
A unified model for stratified-wavy two-phase flow splitting at a reduced T-junction with an inclined branch arm

Abstract Stratified-wavy two-phase flow splitting at a reduced T -junction with an inclined branch arm has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Experimental data have been acquired with the reduced branch arm inclined at horizontal, downward inclination angles of −5°, −10°, −25°, −40° and −60° and upward inclination angles of 1°, 5°, 10°, 20°. The data reveal that for the case of a downward branch arm configuration the high gas velocity in the reduced branch arm and the gravity effects tend to increase the liquid flowing into the branch, as compared to the horizontal case. For upward inclinations of the branch arm, gravity forces tend to reduce the liquid flow into the branch. Comparison between published experimental data for a regular tee and the present data for a reduced tee for the different inclination angles is also presented. A unified model has been developed for the prediction of the splitting phenomenon for the horizontal, upward and downward orientations of the reduced branch arm. The model is based on the momentum balance equations applied for the separation streamlines of the gas phase and liquid phase. Comparison between the model predictions and experimental data shows good agreement with respect to the general trend and shape of the splitting curves and reasonable agreement with respect to the absolute values.
Deficits in visuospatial processing contribute to quantitative measures of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an objective measure of freezing of gait (FOG) using a validated alternating stepping in place (SIP) task, is related to executive and/or visuospatial cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: We studied prospectively 30 PD subjects with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III, the FOGq, Trail Making Test Part B (TMTB), Wisconsin Card Sorting, Initiation/Perseveration, Matrix Reasoning (MR) and Block Design (BD). PD subjects performed three, 100s trials of alternative SIP while standing on two force platforms to assess the number and duration of freezing episodes (FE), SIP rhythmicity and symmetry. Results: Freezers had larger cycle asymmetry and arrhythmicity than non-freezers ( P P P = 0.001, respectively). BD performance negatively correlated with the FOGq total ( P P P = 0.01, P P ⩽ 0.01), except for SIP asymmetry. Conclusion: Deficits in visuospatial perception and reasoning not in executive function differentiated freezers from non-freezers. Deficits in visuospatial processing negatively correlated with all SIP freeze metrics, whereas deficits in executive function were only correlated with SIP arrhythmicity, the FOGq total and the duration of freezing episodes. These results suggest that deficits in visuospatial processing to perform a motor task contribute to FOG and that different cognitive deficits may contribute to different aspects of freezing in PD. This is the first study to our knowledge that has compared metrics of freezing to cognitive tasks in the visuospatial and visual reasoning domains.
Electric and magnetic dipole moments of the bound system of a Dirac particle and a fixed magnetic monopole

The electric and the magnetic dipole moments are calculated for the bound states of a charged Dirac particle of spin 1/2 with an extra magnetic moment in the field of a fixed magnetic monopole. Unlike ordinary bound systems with $P$ and/or $T$ invariance, this system, lacking both, is found to possess a nonvanishing electric dipole moment. Its magnitude for the loosely bound states with the lowest possible angular momentum increases exponentially in the principal quantum number $n$. The magnetic moment of the system is found to be, in general, nonvanishing.
Phase Equilibria in the Ferrite Region of the System Fe—Co—O

Phase relations in the system Fe-Co-O have been determined between 1000° and 1300°C in oxygen pressures of 0.01 to 20 atm. Only the portion of the system between CoFe2O4 and Co3O4 was considered in order to determine those conditions under which a complete series of solid solutions could be prepared. No field width on either side of oxygen stoichiometry was detected for solid solutions between CoFe2O4 and Co3O4.
Time-distance records and the power function

World record performances in running, walking, swimming, speed skating, and horse racing are closely described by a function of the form y=axb. In addition, all the functions have approximately the same exponent! These data are discussed in relation to S. S. Stevens’s sensory power law as a type of complex case of cross-modality matching, and it is suggested that the power function describes a more general behavioral process which necessarily includes sensory discriminations.
Expression of Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH) in Commercial VSH Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

We tested six commercial sources of honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), whose breeding incorporated the trait of Varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH). VSH confers resistance to the parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman by enhancing the ability of the bees to hygienically remove mite-infested brood. VSH production queens (i.e., queens commercially available for use in beekeepers' production colonies) from the six sources were established in colonies which later were measured for VSH. Their responses were compared with those of colonies with three other types of queens, as follows: VSH queens from the selected closed population maintained by USDA-ARS for research and as a source of breeding germplasm, queens from the cooperating commercial distributor of this germplasm, and queens of a commercial, mite-susceptible source. The reduction of mite infestation in brood combs exposed to test colonies for 1 wk differed significantly between groups. On average, colonies with VSH production queens reduced infestation by 44%. This group average was intermediate between the greater removal by pure ARS VSH (76%) and the cooperators' breeding colonies (64%), and the lesser removal by susceptible colonies (7%). VSH production colonies from the different sources had variable expression of hygiene against mites, with average reduced infestations ranging from 22 to 74%. In addition, infertility was high among mites that remained in infested cells in VSH breeder colonies from ARS and the commercial distributor but was lower and more variable in VSH production colonies and susceptible colonies. Commercial VSH production colonies supply mite resistance that generally seems to be useful for beekeeping. Resistance probably could be improved if more VSH drones sources were supplied when VSH production queens are being mated.
Surgical Management of Diabetic Foot Infections and Osteomyelitis

Foot ulceration and subsequent infection are a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, these infections often lead to amputation. A multidisciplinary team approach is essential to maximize outcomes in the attempt to limit amputation and decrease patient morbidity. Mild to moderate diabetic foot infections often respond favorably to local wound care, offloading, and antibiotic therapy. When conservative measures fail or when faced with limb- or life-threatening infection, surgical intervention, whether it be incision and drainage or possible amputation, is warranted. The authors review underlying pathophysiology of diabetic foot infections and an evidenced-based approach to surgical management, with additional emphasis on treatment of osteomyelitis.
Comparison of deep level incorporation in ammonia and rf‐plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy n‐GaN films

The use of rf-plasma and ammonia nitrogen sources for growth of GaN films by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are compared in terms of defect incorporation using deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). To better improve the understanding of ammonia-based MBE growth of GaN and potential defect sources as opposed to the more studied plasma source-based MBE-grown material several V/III ratios were also investigated, which were generated via systematic adjustment of the ammonia flow rates during growth. The DLOS spectra, comparing deep traps within the n-GaN grown using N-plasma and ammonia sources, reveal the presence of the same deep levels due to background carbon and gallium vacancies, with energy levels at EC-3.28, EC-2.62, and EC-1.28. The DLTS results of the N-plasma and ammonia-based MBE samples show two similarly dominant electron traps at EC-0.60, and EC-0.24 in each sample. Measurements made as a function of V/III flux ratio for ammonia-based MBE growth indicate a large dependence of the EC-0.24 eV trap concentration on growth flux ratio, which is significant for guiding continued optimization of this promising MBE growth method for GaN devices. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SLEEP DISTURBANCES AND PSYCHOMOTOR DECLINE IN HIV

Sleep disturbances may contribute to cognitive and psychomotor impairments. 50 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative adults were assessed on cognitive performance and sleep hygiene. The HIV-positive group performed more poorly on cognitive measures; however, no group differences were found for the sleep variables. In the HIV-positive group, indicators of sleep disturbance were correlated to various measures of cognitive functioning and depression.
Min-round Resettable Zero-Knowledge in the Public-Key Model

In STOC 2000, Canetti, Goldreich, Goldwasser, and Micali put forward the strongest notion of zero-knowledge to date, resettable zero-knowledge (RZK) and implemented it in constant rounds in a new model, where the verifier simply has a public key registered before any interaction with the prover. To achieve ultimate round efficiency, we advocate a slightly stronger model. Informally, we show that, as long as the honest verifier does not use a given public key more than a fixed-polynomial number of times, there exist 3-round (which we prove optimal) RZK protocols for all of NP.
Efficacy of Bosentan in a Small Cohort of Adult Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Related to Congenital Heart Disease

Objectives This study was designed to assess the tolerability and efficacy of the oral endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan in adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related to congenital heart disease (CHD). Background Severe PAH in the setting of CHD is a debilitating syndrome for which there are limited treatment options. This is the first long-term study experience in adults reporting on the tolerability and efficacy of therapy with bosentan for this patient population. Methods A 12-month single-center experience with 19 women and 5 men with PAH associated with CHD (79% in New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III) was analyzed. Hemodynamic responses, exercise capacity, and Borg dyspnea index were assessed prior to the administration of bosentan, and again at 3, 6, and 12 months after the study began. Clinical assessments were performed monthly for up to 12 months. The change from baseline was tested using the Wilcoxon pairs test. Results There was significant improvement in hemodynamics from baseline to 12 months (mean [± SD] systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, 99 ± 30 to 87 ± 28 mm Hg [p ≤ 0.001]; mean pulmonary arterial pressure, 60 ± 18 to 52 ± 17 mm Hg [p ≤ 0.001]; mean right atrial pressure, 12 ± 6 to 8 ± 5 mm Hg [p ≤ 0.001]; mean pulmonary vascular resistance, 663 ± 386 to 504 ± 307 dyne · s · cm−5 [p Conclusions Bosentan therapy improved hemodynamics and NYHA class in patients with PAH that was associated with CHD. These effects were seen after 3 to 6 months. Bosentan therapy may provide an effective alternative to current therapies in this patient population.
White socio-spatial epistemology

Recent work by geographers concerned with the enduring presence of racism has called for an interrogation of the privileges and contingencies of whiteness. Central to this project of denaturalizing White Identity has been the disclosure of its co-constitution with a host of social practices. Building on the work of critical theorists in the humanities and social sciences concerned with masculinist and post-colonial epistemologies, this paper outlines a socio-spatial epistemology of whiteness. Whiteness’s central tenets are an essentialist and non-relational construction of space and identity that underwrite its claims to be realized independent of an Other. Spatially, this refusal manifests itself in the deployment of discursive categories associated with scales, boundaries and extensivity in ways that reify space into discrete, unrelated parcels. We discuss some of the implications of this non-relational construction of space and identity in the context of residential segregation and spatial mobility. The paper concludes by noting that historically and geographically speciec forms of whiteness have drawn upon a common socio-spatial framing and that further study in this eeld will beneet anti-racist activism by disclosing the workings of racialization in numerous human geographic contexts.
Expression of a globulin-like protein gene, Gea8, in somatic and zygotic embryos

A carrot gene, Gea8 (Globular embryo abundant), has been identified that encodes a novel seed protein that is abundantly expressed in embryos from the globular to the cotyledon stages and in endosperm of maturation-stage seeds. Analysis of the Gea8 gene revealed that it encodes a protein with approximately 47% sequence similarity (25% sequence identity) to both dicot and monocot globulins, a class of seed storage proteins. However, the Gea8 promoter region lacks some of the key regulatory elements characteristic of other known globulins, especially the 'G box' sequence. Analysis of Gea8 mRNA accumulation during both somatic and zygotic embryogenesis showed that mRNA for this gene accumulates by the globular stage of embryogenesis and reaches a high abundance by the heart stage that is sustained throughout embryo development. Expression is also high in the developing endosperm of seeds of both carrot and Arabidopsis. In addition, analysis of the developmental and spatial expression of the Gea8 gene, using several Gea8 promoter/GUS fusion constructs, suggests that the promoter contains at least two separable regions directing the spatial accumulation of Gea8 mRNA in the heart and torpedo stages of embryogenesis. These studies suggest that Gea8 is a new form of seed protein that is expressed early in embryo development, initially in an embryo-specific pattern, and subsequently in both the embryo and the endosperm through regulation by a complex promoter.
Oxygen and Silicon Ion Particles Induce Neoplastic Transformation in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells

Hig h charge (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) particles in deep space have significantly contributed to the biological effects of space radiation, although they only account for less than 1% of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) particle fluxes. Previously we have shown that combined radiation exposure of 2-Gy proton ( 1 H) followed by 0.5-Gy iron ( 56 Fe) ion particles
The Impact of Heterogeneous NOx Regulations on Distributed Electricity Generation in US Manufacturing

The US EPA’s command-and-control NOx policies of the early 1990s are associated with a 3.1 percentage point reduction in the likelihood of manufacturing plants vertically integrating the electricity generation process. During the same period California adopted a cap-and-trade program for NOx emissions that resulted in no significant impact on distributed electricity generation in manufacturing. These results suggest that traditional command-and-control approaches to air pollution may exacerbate other market failures such as the energy efficiency gap, because distributed generation is generally recognized as a more energy efficient means of producing electricity.
Sex differences in alcohol-related neurobehavioral consequences

In this chapter, we review existing research regarding sex differences in alcohol's effects on neurobehavioral functions/processes. Drawn largely from laboratory studies, literature regarding acute alcohol administration and chronic alcohol misuse is explored focusing on commonly employed neuropsychologic domains (e.g., executive function, visuospatial skills, learning and memory, gait and balance), neurophysiologic measures (e.g., electroencephalography and event-related potentials), and structural and functional neuroimaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy). To provide a historical perspective on the development of these questions, we have included reference to early and more recent research. Additionally, specific biases, knowledge gaps, and continuing controversies are noted.
5'-Nucleotidases in rat heart. Evidence for the occurrence of two soluble enzymes with different substrate specificities.

Abstract Chromatography of soluble proteins from rat heart on phosphocellulose columns separates two 5'-nucleotidases. The first to emerge from the column shows a preference for AMP over IMP as substrate, whereas the second shows a preference for IMP over AMP. The properties of the IMP-preferring enzyme, including the conditions under which it is eluted from phosphocellulose columns, show it to be the enzyme studied by Itoh, Oka & Ozasa [Biochem. J. (1986) 235, 847-851]. The kinetic properties of the AMP-preferring enzyme indicate that it is likely to be the enzyme responsible for the production of adenosine under conditions of hypoxia and increased work load, and with metabolic stresses such as a high load of acetate.
Five Myths About Cancer Care In America

In this commentary we debunk a number of the most common misconceptions about cancer treatment, such as claims that the war on cancer has been a failure and that treatment costs are unsustainable. In addition, there is good evidence that patients value these treatments more highly than traditional cost-effectiveness analysis would indicate. We argue that coverage policies placing undue burden on patients are socially wasteful and will likely discourage further innovation.
CS-31A NOVEL YAP-DRIVEN MIGRATION AND INVASION SIGNALING PATHWAY PREDICTS POOR OUTCOME IN GLIOBLASTOMA

One of the hallmarks of tumor malignancy is the ability of cells to not only locally invade its surrounding parenchyma but also distally metastasize. Aggressive tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) often display a collective sheet of migrating cells which may eventually disseminate and migrate in a single cell manner. By integrating extracellular cues and intracellular signaling, cell polarization and the persistence and speed of locomotion is tightly governed. Given the diverse inputs that may modulate this intricate cell migration pathway, it is of interest to identify critical modulators of this network. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional regulator, has been suggested to potentiate migration, invasion, and metastasis; however, it is not known how or whether YAP expression and activity can regulate the molecular networks controlling cell migration and invasion, and whether this function of YAP may be consequential to the progression of aggressive cancers. We thus explored mechanisms of YAP-mediated migration and invasion in normal cells as well as cancer cells where YAP is hyperactive (p < 0.05). We found that YAP plays a pivotal role in regulation of this complex migratory and invasive behavior through a novel small Rho-GTPase-dependent signaling mechanism. As with GBM, metastatic cancers often evade detection because individual cells spread from the primary bulk tumor; thus, making complete resection and treatment virtually impossible. Congruent with our in vitro studies, our murine intracranial xenograft model argue the role of YAP in driving invasive tumor growth (p < 0.05). Moreover, we demonstrate that these YAP-driven cell dispersal mechanisms confer poor patient prognosis in the TCGA and REMBRANDT GBM databases (p < 0.05). Thus, our findings provide new insights into the biology of aggressive cancers with particular prognostic relevance of this YAP-driven pro-motility cascade in glioblastoma. In addition, our studies suggest these YAP-dependent mechanisms are evolutionary conserved during development and regeneration and co-opted by pathological diseases.
Confinement-Induced Solidification of Colloid-Polymer Depletion Mixtures

Using a model colloid-polymer suspension, we show that confinement induces solidification in attractive colloidal suspensions via a fundamentally different route from that active in hard sphere colloidal suspensions. For a range of polymer concentrations, the suspensions undergo a phase transition from a colloidal fluid of clusters to a colloidal gel as confinement increases while polymer and particle concentration are held constant. In both fluid- and solidlike attractive suspensions, effects of confinement on the structure and dynamics appear at much larger thicknesses than for hard-sphere suspensions. The solidification does not originate from structuring of the colloids by the walls. Instead, by analyzing cluster size distributions in the fluid phase and particle dynamics in the gel phase as a function of confinement, we find that the strength of the effective interparticle attraction increases as the samples are confined. We show that the increase in the effective attraction can be understood as a consequence of the increasing importance of excluded volume due to the walls to the free energy of the polymer as confinement is increased.
Vagal Nerve Stimulation: Is It Effective in Children with Dravet Syndrome?

Treatment of Dravet syndrome with anti-seizure medications is challenging and frequently disappointing in early childhood. Nonpharmacologic treatments for epilepsy including ketogenic diet, corpus callosotomy, and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) are considered and used for management of medically refractory epilepsy. In this series, we report our experience with VNS in eight children with Dravet syndrome. Mean age at VNS implantation was 6.2 years. Duration of treatment with VNS ranged from 2 to 13 years. When compared with baseline, four of eight children had a 50 to 75% reduction in seizure frequency or duration. Four children had no significant improvement in seizures after VNS. The device was well tolerated in all patients without significant complications.
Avoiding Severe Toxicity From Combined BRAF Inhibitor and Radiation Treatment: Consensus Guidelines from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG).

BRAF kinase gene V600 point mutations drive approximately 40% to 50% of all melanomas, and BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have been found to significantly improve survival outcomes. Although radiation therapy (RT) provides effective symptom palliation, there is a lack of toxicity and efficacy data when RT is combined with BRAFi, including vemurafenib and dabrafenib. This literature review provides a detailed analysis of potential increased dermatologic, pulmonary, neurologic, hepatic, esophageal, and bowel toxicity from the combination of BRAFi and RT for melanoma patients described in 27 publications. Despite 7 publications noting potential intracranial neurotoxicity, the rates of radionecrosis and hemorrhage from whole brain RT (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), or both do not appear increased with concurrent or sequential administration of BRAFis. Almost all grade 3 dermatitis reactions occurred when RT and BRAFi were administered concurrently. Painful, disfiguring nondermatitis cutaneous reactions have been described from concurrent or sequential RT and BRAFi administration, which improved with topical steroids and time. Visceral toxicity has been reported with RT and BRAFi, with deaths possibly related to bowel perforation and liver hemorrhage. Increased severity of radiation pneumonitis with BRAFi is rare, but more concerning was a potentially related fatal pulmonary hemorrhage. Conversely, encouraging reports have described patients with leptomeningeal spread and unresectable lymphadenopathy rendered disease free from combined RT and BRAFi. Based on our review, the authors recommend holding RT ≥3 days before and after fractionated RT and ≥1 day before and after SRS. No fatal reactions have been described with a dose
Regulations, Monitoring, and Working Conditions: Evidence from Better Factories Cambodia and Better Work Vietnam

One of the more vexing dilemmas in the area of labour standards and well-being is the frequent disconnect between legislated standards and actual working conditions. The standard economic model for thinking about enforcement (Chapter 6, this volume) posits that the plant manager (the ‘employer’ in Willborn’s terminology) will comply with legal standards as long as the probability p, of enforcement times the damages if caught, D, is greater than the expected cost savings of non-compliance (equal to (1 —p) times C). As Willborn points out, the model is elegant in its simplicity but fraught with complication in application due to uncertainty about the values of all of the variables in the manager’s calculation.
Urine: A Suitable Sample for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Flow Cytometry Studies in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry of bladder washings has proved to be a valuable procedure for the diagnosis and followup of patients with transitional cell carcinoma. However, for this procedure to gain maximal acceptance, it should be possible to use voided urine specimens instead of bladder washings. To evaluate this possibility we compared histogram findings for 114 bladder washings and 122 concomitantly obtained urine samples (voided and catheterized) from 89 consecutive patients who had active or a history of transitional cell carcinoma. Unsatisfactory histograms were obtained in 4 per cent of the urine samples and in 2.6 per cent of the bladder washing samples. The satisfactory rate for voided or catheterized urine samples was the same. We conclude that in this patient population satisfactory deoxyribonucleic acid histograms can be obtained from samples of voided urine.
A Critique of The Renewable Energy Technology Assessments of The U.S. Office of Technology Assessment

L'A. critique les evaluations technologiques effectuees par les americains, en soulignant les suppositions concernant la nature du choix de l'energie
Crew Resource Management (CRM): What Aviation Can Learn From the Application of CRM in Other Domains

Crew Resource Management (CRM) was implemented into the aviation training curriculum over three decades ago in an effort to optimize flight deck management, safety, and improve flightcrew team performance. Since the mid-1990s, other industries have shown considerable interest in adapting and implementing CRM training to train their personnel in non-technical skills. This paper reviews the implementation of CRM in healthcare, the military, and the maritime industry. A comparison of different training methods and training assessment techniques, as well as gaps in the assessment of CRM training effectiveness are discussed. Lastly, a discussion of CRM training techniques and evaluation methods developed in other industries are presented for the consideration of the aviation community.
Targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy

Abstract: With a long history and long list of researchers investing their efforts, there have been a plethora of targeted drug delivery designs for treating cancer. Our understanding of cancer is becoming more comprehensive and the strategies for therapy are increasing in sophistication. However, despite these advancements, cancer is still resisting the best targeted drug delivery therapies that we can develop. Only a very small fraction of designs, that may show promise in preclinical trials, successfully transition through all clinical trials to market approval. This chapter will discuss the following areas that can affect the outcome of targeted drug delivery: the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, tumor microenvironment, intratumoral distribution, tumor heterogeneity, and multidrug resistance. Understanding some of the weaknesses in the current paradigm can lead to a revolution of cancer therapeutics towards a true breakthrough in treating cancer.
Expected Shortfall as a Response to Model Risk

Reducing the vulnerability of parametric VaR to model risk by improving its robustness addresses merely one threat to the reliability of VaR analysis. The most serious menace to VaR—and to the technique’s viability as the Basel Accords’ preferred approach to financial risk management—lies in VaR’s failure to satisfy the theoretical rigors demanded of “coherent” measures of risk.1 The expected shortfall for any confidence interval, which is derived directly from VaR for that interval, is subadditive and coherent. VaR itself is not.2 The allure of subadditivity and coherence supports Basel III’s embrace of expected shortfall as the international banking system’s preferred measure of market risk.
Long-term data storage in diamond.

The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV−) center in diamond is the focus of widespread attention for applications ranging from quantum information processing to nanoscale metrology. Although most work so far has focused on the NV− optical and spin properties, control of the charge state promises complementary opportunities. One intriguing possibility is the long-term storage of information, a notion we hereby introduce using NV-rich, type 1b diamond. As a proof of principle, we use multicolor optical microscopy to read, write, and reset arbitrary data sets with two-dimensional (2D) binary bit density comparable to present digital-video-disk (DVD) technology. Leveraging on the singular dynamics of NV− ionization, we encode information on different planes of the diamond crystal with no cross-talk, hence extending the storage capacity to three dimensions. Furthermore, we correlate the center’s charge state and the nuclear spin polarization of the nitrogen host and show that the latter is robust to a cycle of NV− ionization and recharge. In combination with super-resolution microscopy techniques, these observations provide a route toward subdiffraction NV charge control, a regime where the storage capacity could exceed present technologies.
Teaching Disobedience: Jung, Montuori, and the Pedagogical Significance of Conflict

Alternative education often seeks to promote creativity. In so far as this tendency might come to suggest something ideological, then the intent thus indicated is liable to become self-defeating. This article considers C.G. Jung's conservative ideas about education, and explores how these notions might relate to his wider psychology. Contrasting Jung's position with Alfonso Montuori's notion of Creative Inquiry, the author argues for the importance of a more conscious relationship to the role of conflict in the development of a relationally focused pedagogy.
Impact of Individual, Brand, and Promotion Characteristics on Coupon Redemptions: An Abstract

The concept of shopper marketing is getting increasing attention from both academics and practitioners (Silveira and Marreiros 2014). Shankar (2011) defines shopper marketing as “the planning and execution of all marketing activities that influence a shopper along, and beyond, the entire path to purchase, from the point at which the motivation to shop first emerges through to purchase, consumption, repurchase, and recommendation.” Coupons play a unique role as a shopper marketing tool because coupons can even act on prospects who are currently not in a shopping mode.