cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Venovenous Extracorporeal Life Support in Single-Ventricle Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

There is new and growing experience with venovenous extracorporeal life support (VV ECLS) for neonatal and pediatric patients with single-ventricle physiology and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Outcomes in this population have been defined but could be improved; survival rates in single-ventricle patients on VV ECLS for respiratory failure are slightly higher than those in single-ventricle patients on venoarterial ECLS for cardiac failure (48 vs. 32-43%), but are lower than in patients with biventricular anatomy (58-74%). To that end, special consideration is necessary for patients with single-ventricle physiology who require VV ECLS for ARDS. Specifically, ARDS disrupts the balance between pulmonary and systemic blood flow through dynamic alterations in cardiopulmonary mechanics. This complexity impacts how to run the VV ECLS circuit and the transition back to conventional support. Furthermore, these patients have a complicated coagulation profile. Both venous and arterial thrombi carry marked risk in single-ventricle patients due to the vulnerability of the pulmonary, coronary, and cerebral circulations. Finally, single-ventricle palliation requires the preservation of low resistance across the pulmonary circulation, unobstructed venous return, and optimal cardiac performance including valve function. As such, the proper timing as well as the particular conduct of ECLS might differ between this population and patients without single-ventricle physiology. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of VV ECLS in the single-ventricle population in the context of these special considerations.
The no-nonsense guide to archives and recordkeeping

Throughout this book the author aims to bridge the gap between the worlds of the information professional and the business professional with a reference guide that is aimed at those without a “trad...
Attribute-based Crowd Entity Resolution

We study the problem of using the crowd to perform entity resolution (ER) on a set of records. For many types of records, especially those involving images, such a task can be difficult for machines, but relatively easy for humans. Typical crowd-based ER approaches ask workers for pairwise judgments between records, which quickly becomes prohibitively expensive even for moderate numbers of records. In this paper, we reduce the cost of pairwise crowd ER approaches by soliciting the crowd for attribute labels on records, and then asking for pairwise judgments only between records with similar sets of attribute labels. However, due to errors induced by crowd-based attribute labeling, a naive attribute-based approach becomes extremely inaccurate even with few attributes. To combat these errors, we use error mitigation strategies which allow us to control the accuracy of our results while maintaining significant cost reductions. We develop a probabilistic model which allows us to determine the optimal, lowest-cost combination of error mitigation strategies needed to achieve a minimum desired accuracy. We test our approach with actual crowdworkers on a dataset of celebrity images, and find that our results yield crowd ER strategies which achieve high accuracy yet are significantly lower cost than pairwise-only approaches.
Shading-induced failure in thin-film photovoltaic modules: Electrothermal simulation with nonuniformities

Abstract Finite element electrothermal modeling is employed to study shading-induced failure in monolithically integrated thin-film photovoltaic modules. A key element is spatial nonuniformity in current-voltage characteristics, which causes inhomogeneous current flow when part of a module is under reverse bias due to shading. Time-dependent calculations show that spots with lower reverse breakdown voltage experience greater current density and localized thermal runaway that can cause permanent damage, resulting in ohmic shunts. Such failure events lead to performance loss, especially when the module is in normal operating conditions and shunted currents lead to abnormally high module temperatures. Our simulations of temperature distributions, current-voltage characteristics, and electroluminescence are compared to data from the literature for copper indium gallium diselenide devices.
Ergogenic properties of metformin in simulated high altitude.

Metformin augments glucose/glycogen regulation and may acutely promote fatigue resistance during high-intensity exercise. In hypobaric environments, such as high altitude, the important contribution of carbohydrates to physiological function is accentuated as glucose/glycogen dependence is increased. Because hypoxia/hypobaria decreases insulin sensitivity, replenishing skeletal muscle glycogen in high altitude becomes challenging and subsequent physical performance may be compromised. We hypothesized that in conditions where glycogen repletion was critical to physical outcomes, metformin would attenuate hypoxia-mediated decrements in exercise performance. On three separate randomly ordered occasions, 13 healthy men performed glycogen-depleting exercise and ingested a low-carbohydrate dinner (1200 kcals, <10% carbohydrate). The next morning, in either normoxia or hypoxia (FiO2 =0.15), they ingested a high-carbohydrate breakfast (1225 kcals, 70% carbohydrate). Placebo (719 mg maltodextrin) or metformin (500 mg BID) was consumed 3 days prior to each hypoxia visit. Subjects completed a 12.5 km cycle ergometer time trial 3.5 hours following breakfast. Hypoxia decreased resting and exercise oxyhemoglobin saturation (P<.001). Neither hypoxia nor metformin affected the glucose response to breakfast (P=.977), however, compared with placebo, metformin lowered insulin concentration in hypoxia 45 minutes after breakfast (64.1±6.6 μU/mL vs 48.5±7.8 μU/mL; mean±SE; P<.001). Post-breakfast, pre-exercise vastus lateralis glycogen content increased in normoxia (+33%: P=.025) and in hypoxia with metformin (+81%; P=.006), but not in hypoxia with placebo (+27%; P=.167). Hypoxia decreased time trial performance compared with normoxia (P<.01). This decrement was similar with placebo (+2.6±0.8 minutes) and metformin (+1.6±0.3 minutes). These results indicate that metformin promotes glycogen synthesis but not endurance exercise performance in healthy men exposed to simulated high altitude.
Student Research & Intrinsic Motivation: Effects of Formative Assessment and the Two-Session Model of Information Literacy Instruction

Formative assessment is a well-established practice within education. However, the traditionally brief format of information literacy instruction has not lent itself well to this important exchange during the learning process. At the same time, there has been increasing focus within the library literature on affective measures of information literacy instruction, such as motivation and instruction formats that incorporate multiple sessions. This study seeks to examine the relationship between these concepts by comparing scores from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) across two groups of Research Writing students: a control group receiving one session of information literacy instruction and an intervention group receiving written formative assessment and two sessions of information literacy instruction. Statistical significance analyses indicate that the addition of formative assessment and a second instruction session significantly increased motivation for conducting research in the intervention group when compared to students receiving only one session of instruction and no formative assessment. These findings indicate that librarians can significantly increase students’ intrinsic motivation to conduct research by incorporating formative assessment strategies into a two session model of information literacy instruction.
High-Field NMR Spectroscopy Reveals Aromaticity-Modulated Hydrogen Bonding in Heterocycles.

Abstract: From DNA base pairs to drug-receptor binding, hydrogen (H-)bonding and aromaticity are common features of heterocycles. Herein, the interplay of these bonding aspects is explored; H-bond strength modulation due to enhancement or disruption of heterocycles' aromaticity is revealed by comparing homodimer H-bond energies of aromatic heterocycles with analogues that have the same H-bonding moieties but lack cyclic π-conjugation. NMR studies of dimerization in C6D6 find aromaticity-modulated H-bonding (AMHB) energy effects of ca. ±30%, depending on whether they enhance or weaken aromatic delocalization. The attendant ring current perturbations expected from such modulation are confirmed by chemical shift changes in both observed ring C-H and calculated nucleus-independent sites. In silico modeling confirms that AMHB effects outweigh those of hybridization or dipole-dipole interaction.
Occupational Stigma Communication: The Anticipatory Socialization of Sex Educators

Controversies about sex education have complex, yet often overlooked, occupational implications related to stigma for teachers. In this study, we interviewed 26 future sex educators in their last year of certification about how their anticipatory socialization experiences spoke to the management of potential occupational stigma. Our analysis revealed two stigma management communication (SMC) strategies future sex educators learned, strategies we term cooperation and opportunism, and identified the ways in which those strategies were responses to stigma content cues of responsibility and peril, respectively. We contend that the interactivity of stigma communication is an important site for the theorizing of as-yet-unidentified SMC strategies, strategies that can be enlisted in a diversity of health education and healthcare contexts.
Natural polyreactive IgA antibodies coat the intestinal microbiota

Large quantities of immunoglobulin A (IgA) are constitutively secreted by intestinal plasma cells to coat and contain the commensal microbiota, yet the specificity of these antibodies remains elusive. Here, we profiled the reactivities of single murine IgA plasma cells by cloning and characterizing large numbers of monoclonal antibodies. IgAs were not specific to individual bacterial taxa but rather polyreactive, with broad reactivity to a diverse but defined subset of microbiota. These antibodies arose at low frequencies among naive B cells, and were selected into the IgA repertoire upon recirculation in Peyer’s patches. This selection process occurred independent of microbiota or dietary antigens. Furthermore, while some IgAs acquired somatic mutations, these did not substantially influence their reactivity. These findings reveal an endogenous mechanism driving homeostatic production of polyreactive IgAs with innate specificity to microbiota.
Quantifying Solute Partitioning in Phosphatidylcholine Membranes

Time resolved fluorescence measurements were used to characterize and quantify solute partitioning into 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid vesicles as a function of solute concentration and temperature. The solutes, coumarin 152 (C152) and coumarin 461 (C461), both belong to a family of 7‑amino coumarin dyes that have distinctive fluorescence lifetimes in different solvation environments. The two solutes differ in the 4-position where C152 has a trifluoro methyl group in place of C461’s –CH3 group. In vesicle containing solutions, multi-exponential fluorescence decays imply separate solute populations in the aqueous buffer, solvated in the vesicle headgroup region and solvated in the acyl chain bilayer interior, respectively. Fluorescence amplitudes, corrected for differences in radiative rates, are used to calculate absolute partition coefficients as a function of coumarin:lipid ratio and average number of solutes per vesicle. Results show that C152 has a ~10-fold greater affinity t...
Education in process metallurgy

The best method of teaching process metallurgy is an analytical approach, based on a sound foundation of science and engineering principles. The unit process concept should be used to the extent that it has been developed.
The Devil Makes Work: Leisure in Capitalist Britain. John Clarke and Chas Critcher

(1986). The Devil Makes Work: Leisure in Capitalist Britain. John Clarke and Chas Critcher. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 210-212.
Abstract ES1-2: Guidelines for postmastectomy radiotherapy

A joint panel of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), and Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) convened in 2015 to develop an update of the prior ASCO guideline (J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1539-1569) concerning the use of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). This effort focused on common scenarios where there have been substantial controversy. Their conclusions and supporting evidence have been published (J Clin Oncol 2016;34:4431-4442). The Panel unanimously agreed that PMRT reduces the risks of local-regional failure (LRF), any recurrence, and breast cancer mortality for patients with T1-2 breast cancer with 1-3 positive axillary nodes. However, some subsets of these patients are likely to have such a low risk of LRF that the absolute benefit of PMRT is outweighed by its potential toxicities. The Panel however could not find sufficient evidence to recommend a specific formula or method of how to combine clinical, pathologic, and biologic data to calculate the risk of LRF. In addition, the acceptable ratio of benefit to toxicity varies among patients and physicians. Thus, the decision to recommend PMRT or not requires a great deal of clinical judgement. The Panel agreed clinicians making such recommendations for an individual patient should consider factors that may decrease the risk of LRF, attenuate the benefit of reduced breast cancer-specific mortality, and/or increase the risks of complications from PMRT. When clinicians and patients elect to omit axillary dissection after a positive sentinel node biopsy, the Panel recommended that these patients receive PMRT only if there is already sufficient information to justify its use without needing to know that additional axillary nodes are involved. Patients with axillary nodal involvement following neoadjuvant systemic therapy should receive PMRT. The role of PMRT in other patients with clinical Stage I or II breast cancer is uncertain. Finally, the Panel recommended that radiation therapy generally be given to both the internal mammary nodes and the supraclavicular-axillary apical nodes in addition to the chest wall or reconstructed breast when PMRT is used. However, there may be subgroups that will have limited, if any, benefits from treating both these nodal areas compared to treating only one of them or, perhaps, treating only the chest wall or reconstructed breast. There is insufficient evidence at this time to define such subgroups in detail. This lecture will address selected elements of the data leading to the Panel9s decisions. Citation Format: Recht A. Guidelines for postmastectomy radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES1-2.
Brief of Amicus Curiae Law Professors Christopher M. Holman in Support of Neither Party in Ariad v. Eli Lilly

Regents of the University of California v. Eli Lilly established a novel interpretation of the written description requirement, referred to herein as Lilly written description (LWD), which unlike traditional written description applies to originally filed claims. The LWD test for “possession” has in the vast majority of cases been applied in a manner that is essentially redundant with the enablement requirement. However, LWD can and sometimes does function as a super- enablement requirement for patent claims reciting proteins and DNA sequences. With respect to these claims, LWD has sometimes been applied in a manner that imposes biotechnology-specific requirements of “possession” more stringent than the enablement requirement, referred to in this brief as the "species possession requirement" and the "genus possession requirement." These biotechnology-specific possession requirements have been applied in an inconsistent and arbitrary manner lacking any basis in science, and at times precluding adequate patent protection for important inventions relating to proteins and DNA molecules.Assessing the degree of disclosure necessary to support the patenting of biotechnological inventions, and achieving optimal claim scope for genus claims reciting proteins and DNA, are undoubtedly challenging and important issues that patent law must address in order to maintain adequate incentives for innovation without unduly inhibiting subsequent innovators. But the enablement requirement, which prior to Lilly was invoked as a potent and largely effective doctrinal tool for calibrating biotechnological patent claims to a scope commensurate with the disclosure, is better suited to the task. In deciding Ariad v. Eli Lilly, the en banc Federal Circuit should rule that there is no Lilly written description requirement applicable to originally filed claims.
Urban Academic Library Outreach to Secondary School Students and Teachers

The Mervyn H. Sterne Library at the University of Alabama at Birmingham is located in an urban area and therefore receives traffic from the community, particularly area schools. We encourage visits from these schools in order to promote information literacy, higher education, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and we recognize the importance of the library in the development of responsible citizenship, education, and culture. Since we encourage students to develop research skills before they attend college, we collaborate with area secondary schools on projects, papers, and activities by providing research instruction and support both at the schools and in the library. This article explains the need for University collaboration, how Sterne Library integrates itself into the schools through classroom instruction and teacher workshops, and how we organize and conduct the instruction while promoting the Alabama Virtual Library, a group of online databases available to all students, teachers, and citizens of the State of Alabama.
Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Benefits and Pulmonary Toxicities.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are newer, immunotherapy-based drugs that have been shown to improve survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unlike traditional chemotherapeutic agents, ICIs work by boosting the body's natural tumor killing response. However, this unique mechanism of action has also led to the recognition of class-specific side effects. Labeled immune-related adverse events, these toxicities can affect multiple organ systems including the lungs. Immune-mediated lung injury because of ICI use, termed checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), occurs in about 3% to 5% of patients receiving ICIs; however, the real-world incidence of this entity may be higher, especially now that ICIs are being used in nonclinical trial settings. In this review, we briefly introduce the biology of ICIs and the indications for ICI use in NSCLC and then discuss the epidemiology and clinical and radiologic manifestations of CIP. Next, we discuss management strategies for CIP, including the current consensus on management of steroid-refractory CIP. Given the nascent nature of this field, we highlight areas of uncertainty and emerging research questions in the burgeoning field of checkpoint inhibitor pulmonary toxicity.
Prognostic factors in brain metastases from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Case report and review.

Background Brain metastases from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are rare, and there are no standardized treatments. Here we reported on a case of brain metastasis from laryngeal SCC and performed a literature review on these cases. Moreover, by plotting Kaplan-Meier curves, we carried out a survival analysis to provide an estimation of overall survival (OS) and to find possible prognostic factors. Case Description A 65-year-old male was admitted to our department with a large left occipital lesion. Three years ago, the patient had undergone total laryngectomy with bilateral neck dissection with a diagnosis of a poor differentiated SCC. The occipital lesion was totally removed. A diagnosis of a brain metastasis from laryngeal SCC was made. The patient was submitted to adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. He is in good clinical conditions at 7-month follow-up with a still ongoing chemotherapy. From survival analysis, we have found that surgery and/or radiochemotherapy increase the OS of these patients compared with untreated cases. Moreover, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score ≥70 and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classes I and II were associated with better OS in these patients. Conclusion Brain metastases from laryngeal SCC are rare. This is the first study in which a survival analysis of these cases has been performed. Surgery and/or radio-chemotherapy increase the survival of these patients compared with untreated cases. Moreover, KPS score and RPA class affect the outcome of these patients.
An investigation on laminar burning speed and flame structure of anisole-air mixture

Abstract In search for a feasible replacement for fossil fuels, there has been extensive research into biofuels in the past few decades. Oxygenated compounds, such as anisole, in particular have shown some promising characteristics. Anisole is an oxygenated biofuel widely adopted as a solvent and seems to be an apt fuel for the combustion application. Although being a potential biofuel, only a few investigations have been conducted for anisole; therefore, a lack of supplementary experiments in high temperatures and engine-relevant conditions is obvious. The experimental results are also highly demanded as a source of verification and update for the available chemical kinetic mechanisms. In this research, performance characteristics of anisole are studied; specifically, the Laminar Burning Speed (LBS), flame structure, and flame stability have been experimentally and theoretically discussed. The calculations have been produced using a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) and a z-type schlieren optical technique accompanying a differential-based multi-shell thermodynamic model. The data has been reported in a wide range of temperatures (T = 460–550 K), pressures (p = 0.5–5.5 atm), and equivalence ratios (ϕ = 0.8–1.4). In order to provide a convenient way for other researchers to access LBS for anisole in a wider range, a power-law correlation has been presented for LBS as a function of p, T and ϕ . Regarding the flame structure, the hydrodynamic sources have been shown to be the main influential root to spherical flame instabilities which is directly related with ϕ and reversely to pressure. The experiments demonstrated that anisole has a relatively high laminar burning speed, with a maximum at ϕ = 1.1 for different p and T conditions. As expected, the LBS increases by increasing the temperature and reducing the pressure. The two available chemical mechanisms for anisole combustion have been compared with the experimental results and a need for modification in the mechanisms are observed. A sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the sources of discrepancies.
Association of Urinary Oxalate Excretion With the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression

Importance Oxalate is a potentially toxic terminal metabolite that is eliminated primarily by the kidneys. Oxalate nephropathy is a well-known complication of rare genetic disorders and enteric hyperoxaluria, but oxalate has not been investigated as a potential contributor to more common forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective To assess whether urinary oxalate excretion is a risk factor for more rapid progression of CKD toward kidney failure. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study assessed 3123 participants with stages 2 to 4 CKD who enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study from June 1, 2003, to September 30, 2008. Data analysis was performed from October 24, 2017, to June 17, 2018. Exposures Twenty-four–hour urinary oxalate excretion. Main Outcomes and Measures A 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Results This study included 3123 participants (mean [SD] age, 59.1 [10.6] years; 1414 [45.3%] female; 1423 [45.6%] white). Mean (SD) eGFR at the time of 24-hour urine collection was 42.9 (16.8) mL/min/1.73 m2. Median urinary excretion of oxalate was 18.6 mg/24 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 12.9-25.7 mg/24 hours) and was correlated inversely with eGFR (r = −0.13,P Conclusions and Relevance Higher 24-hour urinary oxalate excretion may be a risk factor for CKD progression and ESRD in individuals with CKD stages 2 to 4.
Pilot study of a lifestyle intervention for bipolar disorder: Nutrition exercise wellness treatment (NEW Tx)

Abstract Background Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) are more likely than the general population to develop risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in this clinical population. To address this disproportionate medical burden, we developed Nutrition Exercise and Wellness Treatment (NEW Tx), a lifestyle intervention for individuals with BD. Methods In this study, participants were randomized to NEW Tx (n = 19) or a treatment as usual waitlist (n = 19). We examine the intervention's efficacy to improve the physical and psychological outcomes of individuals with BD. Assessors were blind to participant condition throughout study duration. Results The NEW Tx group reported increased weekly exercise duration and overall functioning, and decreased depression and illness severity over the study duration. However, only improvements in functioning were significantly greater in the NEW Tx group than in the control group. There were no group differences in weight loss or mood symptoms over the study duration. Limitations Limitations to this study include lack of objective measurement of exercise and a small and relatively homogeneous sample. Conclusions These data suggest that a manualized lifestyle intervention for BD may not be ideal to improve lifestyle changes in this clinical population. Further research is needed to pilot personalized approaches to creating a healthy lifestyle in BD.
Entrepreneurship Journal Rankings across the Discipline

In this paper we report on the results of a survey of 230 members of the Small Business Institute® and the U.S. Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship on journal rankings. The top four entrepreneurship journals were Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, the Journal of Business Venturing, the Journal of Small Business Strategy, and the Journal of Small Business Management. Suggestions for improving the status of specialized entrepreneurship journals are provided.
Leaving Work at Work: A Meta-Analysis on Employee Recovery From Work:

After reviewing the various ways employee recovery from work has been conceptualized in existing literature as well as the predominant theoretical frameworks used to study recovery, we meta-analyze...
Topological band structure transitions and goniopolar transport in honeycomb antimonene as a function of buckling

The electronic band topology of monolayer $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Sb}$ (antimonene) is studied from the flat honeycomb to the equilibrium buckled structure using first-principles calculations and analyzed using a tight-binding model and low-energy Hamiltonians. In flat monolayer Sb, the Fermi level occurs near the intersection of two warped Dirac cones, one associated with the ${p}_{z}$ orbitals, and one with the ${{p}_{x},{p}_{y}}$ orbitals. The differently oriented threefold warping of these two cones leads to an unusually shaped nodal line, which leads to anisotropic in-plane transport properties and goniopolarity. A slight buckling opens a gap along the nodal line except at six remaining Dirac points, protected by symmetry. Under increasing buckling, pairs of Dirac points of opposite winding number annihilate at a critical buckling angle. At a second critical angle, the remaining Dirac points disappear when the band structure opens a gap. Spin-orbit coupling and edge states are discussed.
Impact of Refrigerated Storage Time on the Instrumental Quality Traits and Dissipation of Woody Broiler Breast Meat

ObjectivesSince 2013, woody breast (WB) has been a prevalent meat quality defect in the broiler industry, affecting 30–40% of chicken breast meat from broilers with live weights greater than 4.2 kg. Woody breast results in a loss over $200 million annually due to decreased yields and product value. WB samples are lighter, more yellow in appearance, and are characterized by a greater pH and cooking loss than normal breast meat. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the instrumental quality traits of normal and WB fillets over storage time to determine if the WB condition dissipates over storage time. Dissipation was defined by the change of severely woody to moderately woody breasts or the change of moderately woody to slightly woody or normal breasts.Materials and MethodsNinety chicken breast samples, 30 from each of the following breast meat categories (normal, moderately woody, and severely woody) were collected from a commercial processing plant on 5 separate occasions for evaluation of dissipation, purge loss and shear force from Day 1 (d1) through Day 5 (d5). A 3 × 6 factorial structure (WB severity × storage time) with 5 replications within a randomized complete block design (sampling occasions as blocks) with subsamples was utilized to evaluate the effects of WB severity (normal, moderate, severe) and storage time (d 0, d 1 to d 5) on dissipation, purge loss and shear force (d 0 and d 5) (SAS version 9.4, Cary, NC).ResultsResults indicated that dissipation was observed on moderate and severe woody breast over storage time. After 5 d of storage at 2–4°C, 84% of SEV WB fillets dissipated to MOD WB, which was greater (P 0.05) existed in purge loss among NOR, MOD, and SEV WB meat. Shear force was greater (P 0.05) in shear force among the 3 breast meat severities. After 2, 3, 4, and 5 d of storage, the upper position (cranial part) of SEV WB fillets had greater (P < 0.05) shear force than NOR fillets.ConclusionIn conclusion, the dissipation that occurred in WB meat over refrigerated storage was mainly visual and did not improve overall meat quality.
Kinetics of light-induced absorbance changes in Rhodospirillum rubrum extracts.

Abstract This paper is a report of the kinetics of absorbance changes induced in extracts of R. rubrum during and following infrared illumination ( Smith and Baltscheffsky, 1959 , Geller and Lipmann, 1960 ). R. rubrum extracts, purified by a novel procedure, show absorbance changes which are modified strikingly in the course of activation of photophosphorylation. The effects suggest that common components may be involved in both the absorbance changes and photophosphorylation.
Closed-loop electronic referral to SmokefreeTXT for smoking cessation support: a demonstration project in outpatient care

Too few smokers who present for outpatient healthcare receive evidence-based interventions to stop smoking. Referral to nationally available smoking cessation support may enhance tobacco intervention reach during healthcare visits. This study evaluated the feasibility of outpatient electronic health record (EHR)-enabled, closed-loop referral (eReferral) to SmokefreeTXT, a National Cancer Institute text message smoking cessation program. SmokefreeTXT eReferral for adult patients who smoke was implemented in a family medicine clinic and an allergy and asthma clinic in an integrated Midwestern healthcare system. Interoperable, HIPAA-compliant eReferral returned referral outcomes to the EHR. In Phase 1 of implementation, clinicians were responsible for eReferral; in Phase 2 this responsibility shifted to Medical Assistants and/or nurses. EHR data were extracted to compute eReferral rates among adult smokers and compare demographics among those eReferred versus not referred. SmokefreeTXT data were used to compute SmokefreeTXT enrollment rates among those eReferred. Descriptive analyses of clinic staff surveys assessed implementation context and staff attitudes toward and adaptations of eReferral processes. During clinician implementation, 43 of 299 adult smokers (14.4%) were eReferred. During medical assistant (MA) implementation, 36 of 401 adult smokers (9.0%) were eReferred. Overall, among those eReferred, 25.7% completed SmokefreeTXT enrollment (3.1% of patients eligible for eReferral). Staff survey responses indicated that eReferral was efficient and easy. eReferral rates and relevant attitudes varied meaningfully by clinic. Thus, interoperable eReferral via outpatient EHR to SmokefreeTXT is feasible and acceptable to clinic staff and enrolls roughly 3.0% of smokers. Clinic context and implementation approach may influence reach.
Opinion: What models can and cannot tell us about COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has already claimed more than 470,000 deaths worldwide at the time of this writing (1) and is likely to claim many more. Models can help us determine how to stop the spread of the virus. Chaotic systems such as pandemics are fundamentally unpredictable. A constructive role for science is to identify interventions—including social distancing, mask wearing, policies of isolation, and travel restrictions—that will help the number of active infections to decline exponentially. Image credit: Shutterstock/Travelerpix. But it is important to distinguish between what models can and cannot predict. All models’ assumptions fail to describe the details of most real-world systems. However, these systems may possess large-scale behaviors that do not depend on all these details (2). A simple model that correctly captures these large-scale behaviors but gets some details wrong is useful; a complicated model that gets some details correct but mischaracterizes the large-scale behaviors is misleading at best. The accuracy and sophistication of a model’s details matter only if the model’s general assumptions correctly describe the real-world behaviors of interest. Carefully delineating models’ strengths and shortcomings will not only clarify how they can help but also temper expectations among policymakers and members of the public looking to understand the full impact of the virus in the weeks and months ahead. More important even than prediction is the ability of models to guide actions that can change this impact, including actions that can potentially drive the virus to extinction. Understanding what models cannot predict is sometimes more important than understanding what they can. For example, in a chaotic system such as the weather, only very short-term predictions are accurate; small changes in the present can result in very large changes in the … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: asiegenf{at}mit.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the Wrist.

Joint acoustic emission (JAE) sensing has recently proven to be a viable technique for non-invasive quantification indicating knee joint health. In this work, we adapt the acoustic emission sensing method to measure the JAEs of the wrist—another joint commonly affected by injury and degenerative disease. JAEs of seven healthy volunteers were recorded during wrist flexion-extension and rotation with sensitive uniaxial accelerometers placed at eight locations around the wrist. The acoustic data were bandpass filtered (150 Hz–20 kHz). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used to quantify the strength of the JAE signals in each recording. Then, nine audio features were extracted, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (model 3,k), coefficients of variability (CVs), and Jensen–Shannon (JS) divergence were calculated to evaluate the interrater repeatability of the signals. We found that SNR ranged from 4.1 to 9.8 dB, intrasession and intersession ICC values ranged from 0.629 to 0.886, CVs ranged from 0.099 to 0.241, and JS divergence ranged from 0.18 to 0.20, demonstrating high JAE repeatability and signal strength at three locations. The volunteer sample size is not large enough to represent JAE analysis of a larger population, but this work will lay a foundation for future work in using wrist JAEs to aid in diagnosis and treatment tracking of musculoskeletal pathologies and injury in wearable systems.
American Populist Support for Choice in K-12 Education

In this article, we explore why American populists may be attracted to the educational choice. Though populist factions may support either elitist institutions and policies or institutions and poli...
Development and Implementation of an Online Adaptive Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Workflow for Treatment of Intracardiac Metastasis.

Abstract Cardiac metastases pose clinical challenges for radiation oncologists given the need to balance the benefit of local therapy against the risks of cardiac toxicity in the setting of cardiac motion, respiratory motion, and nearby organs at risk. Stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiation therapy has recently become more commonly used, conferring benefits in tumor visualization for setup, real-time motion management monitoring, and enabling plan adaptation for daily changes in tumor and/or normal tissues. Given these benefits, we developed and implemented a workflow for local treatment of metastatic disease within the heart using stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiation therapy.
High-resolution neurostimulation and optogenetic electrophysiology with PEDOT:PSS-coated graphene

Micron-sized graphene electrodes hold promise in neurointerfacing for their outstanding mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. To understand the neural heterogeneity, it will be essential to examine if graphene electrode arrays can scale down their pitch size and probe neural activity at cellular levels. Here we present a 28-μm pitched PEDOT:PSS-coated graphene microelectrode array (MEA) that achieves one order higher resolution than prior graphene MEAs in both neuro-stimulation and optogenetic electrophysiology. Our array features high yield (100 %), low-impedance (sub-100 kΩ), low light-induced artifact (sub-2 μV), and high charge-injection-capacity (> 1.31 mC/cm2), suggesting its possible use for high-precision multi-modal neurointerfacing.
A Reflection on Meteorological Considerations in Civil Commitment Evaluations.

A few winters ago, on a cold, clear night with the temperature dipping into the twenties, I worked a shift as the on-call psychiatric resident at a busy Crisis Response Center in the middle of a sprawling city. Midway through my shift, a homeless outreach team brought in a man for an involuntary
Epithelioid Sarcoma Presenting in the Thumb of a Child

Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a high-grade, soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin that rarely occurs in children and is often misdiagnosed as a benign entity. We present the case of a 12-year-old girl with a delayed diagnosis of ES of the left thumb. Radiological examination showed possible calcinosis from inflammation or traumatic injury. However, histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies showed findings consistent with a diagnosis of ES. She was treated with amputation of the interphalangeal joint of the left thumb. This case highlights the clinical and pathologic correlation required for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients with soft tissue masses.
Effect of Technology Integration on Middle School Math Proficiency: A Multiple Linear Regression Study

Mandates to improve curriculum and instruction and incorporate technology in teaching U.S. K-12 students have failed to improve math proficiency as measured by standardized assessments. Still, 40–60% need remedial coursework in college. Past efforts have focused on incorporating specific technologies. The SAMR approach redirects the effort to focus on how technology is used, aligning with Bloom’s taxonomy. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to quantify the contribution of Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition to MAP Growth in math for 644 students taught by eight teachers across 36 class sections at a single Indiana middle school. A wide range in teacher use of technology corresponded to significant ( p < .05) differences in MAP Growth. Hierarchical multiple linear regression revealed that incorporation of SAMR elements above Substitution explained a small, 2.0%, yet significant ( p = .001) part of variation in MAP Growth. At least Most Weeks use of Augmentation added 1.06 points ( p = .008), Modification an additional 2.12 points ( p = .002), and Redefinition an additional 1.19 points ( p = .003) for a combined significant net 4.37-point increase. With all teachers from the same school and only some using technology at high learning levels, the findings led to a recommendation for investment in professional development training rather than focusing on adding specific technology tools.
Library Services from the Outside-In: Transforming the Tactic Religious Information Practices of the Theological Students from Unregistered Christian Churches in China

The purpose is to inform the seminary libraries to design library services based on an outside-in strategy to meet the information intents of the theological students from clandestine, unregistered Christian churches in China. Specifically, the goals of this research are to: 1. Examine how the previous tactic information practices—walking, poaching, reading, and deception—exercised routinely in the unregistered Christian communities in China were shaped by the information-impoverished situations. 2. Stratify how information intents could change their tactic practices in finding religious information, when members from these information-impoverished communities come to study at theological seminaries in the United States, where information is rich and freely accessible. The study applies Todd’s extended six categories of information intents to analyze de Certeau’s four types of tactic information practices in walking, poaching, reading, and deception/disguise, as demonstrated in the interviews and information world maps of the seventeen theological students from China.
The Influence of Peers Social Structure in Healthcare Social Networking Websites

Although the demand for online patients to look for online health information is in high, few of them seems to demonstrate effective use of the health Social Network Sites (SNSs). Exploring the design features that can motivate individuals to actively participate in the health SNSs is crucial to develop platforms that can support sustainable online social structure. This study seeks to investigate the influence of the peers structure capacity as an important feature of health SNSs on two individuals’ behaviors, effective SNSs use and willingness to share Personal Health Information (PHI). Accordingly, our goals in this research are in twofold: First, identifying the psychological influence of the SNSs structure that helps individuals find others who have similar medical conditions and concerns (i.e. shape their peer group), and second, examining the impact of these psychological factors on effective SNSs use and willingness to disclose PHI. The study is expected to have theoretical and practical contribution. Theoretically, the study would shed light on the psychological process underlying individuals’ effective use of healthcare social platforms and their willingness to reveal their PHI. Practically, the study would demonstrate the importance of developing peers-centered health social sites, which emphasize structuring the site into different peer’s social group as well as supplement the site with appropriate mechanisms and strategies that enable users to find their closest peer social group to share social emotional support and further medical advices.
Decreasing diversity in Japanese science, evidence from in-depth analyses of science maps

This study aimed to monitor the status of scientific research in Japan, especially the diversity of scientific research, based on in-depth analyses of science maps. Analyses of six consecutive maps showed decreasing diversity in Japanese science relative to benchmarking countries. We proposed a new concept for a Sci-GEO chart (representing geographical characteristics of research areas on a science map) that aims to classify research areas in terms of continuity and cognitive linkage. Based on the Sci-GEO chart, we classified research areas into four Sci-GEO types, i.e., small island, island, peninsula, and continent, and analysed their properties, such as size and transitions across Sci-GEO types. Our analyses showed that Japanese science put more weight on continent-type research (stable and well-established research), compared with benchmarking countries, and the lack of diversity is attributable to low coverage of small island-type research (research areas with active replacement). We also demonstrated that the Sci-GEO chart well represented the funding characteristics and strategy of two major competitive funding agencies in Japan, and the chart provides policymakers and government officials with baseline information for the planning of science and technology policy.
Mixed Meal Hypoglycemia Test

The mixed meal hypoglycemia test is carried out in patients with suspected postprandial hypoglycemia.
America and Australia: Americanization and Political Culture

In 1998 an excellent survey, edited by Philip Bell and Roger Bell, explored the influences of American life and culture on Australia. Scarcely any aspect of Australian life was unaffected by American example or direct intervention by Americans, almost from the beginning of our colonial history. This fine collection of essays exposed a rich vein of observation on the United States, and offered astute commentary on the interactions between our two polities — all the while accepting that America, as vastly bigger than Australia, was the dominant partner in any exchange. Yet the somewhat patriotic tenor of the volume was that, although these American influences were everywhere to be found, they were largely assimilated to our own purposes, and changed into acceptable Australian patterns. As one of the contributors put it, the process was largely to 'adopt, adapt and transform'. This applied as much to language as to popular culture, film, television, sport, urbanization, literature, race relations, industrial relations and popular movements.
Molecular imaging of biological processes from microPET in mice to PET in patients

This article focuses on bringing together mice to patients with microPET to PET and molecular imaging probes and drugs for molecular diagnostics and molecular therapeutics. In the latter there is a common disease target in which near massless amounts of a molecular imaging probe is used to image the presence and function of the target and then to use the same molecule, or analogs of it, in mass amounts to modify the function of the target therapeutically. The biological world has gone molecular from the revolutionary paradigm shift from the genome, proteome and systems biology to molecular biology, molecular pharmacology, molecular therapeutics, molecular diagnostics, molecular medicine and molecular imaging. The heart of this movement is the molecular basis of instructions, communication, regulation and function of the cellular make up of the body. Classical nomenclature and descriptions of disease are giving way to molecular descriptions of disease to define the diagnostic and disease information required to select and evaluate molecular therapies. As the basis of disease and its therapeutic management shifts to the molecular basis of the biology of disease, imaging diagnostics must shift to this basis also. Many advances in various molecular and anatomical techniques are occurring to meet this challenge from research to clinical practice.