cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Interactive Telephone-Based Patient-Reported Electronic Diary in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (P5.439)

Objective: To determine the feasibility of using an interactive patient-reported electronic diary (IPED) to document hand grip strength and symptom impairment in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Background: As molecularly targeted therapies advance to clinical trials, it would be desirable to track the time course for building-up and wearing off of drug effects. Patient-reported outcomes that are collected from home may provide a method for real-time monitoring of therapeutic effects. Design/Methods: The IPED system, modified from a system used in a prior non-dystrophic myotonia clinical trial, is telephone-based and accessed via a toll-free number. Participants were asked to call daily for 30 days following an in-person research visit performed as part of our DM1 Research Network study. Participants entered data for handgrip strength obtained on a commercially available digital home dynamometer, and answered questions to assesses symptom frequency and severity in 2 categories: myotonia (muscle stiffness or delayed muscle relaxation); and gastrointestinal (diarrhea or bowel urgency). They were asked if they experienced the symptom (yes/no), then to rate on a 1–9 scale (1=minimal, 9=the worst imaginable). Results: Participants who called at least once (n=75, 71%) were mostly women (68%), mean 43.8 years of age (range 19–67), and moderately affected (muscle impairment rating scale [MIRS] mean 3.7, range 1–5). The median compliance out of an expected 30 IPED calls was 76.7% (interquartile range: 53.3–99.2), and 25% of participants made all calls. The home hand grip strength was highly correlated with the in-person measurement (r=0.84, p Conclusions: The IPED is feasible in DM1, relates to in-person assessments, and the compliance was acceptable given this was a non-interventional study. Study Supported by: NIH NS048843 (Wellstone Center), Muscular Dystrophy Association, Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation, Marigold Foundation, Biogen Disclosure: Dr. Statland has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Strongbridge, Acceleron, Regeneron, and Sanofi. Dr. Myotonic Dystrophy Clinical Re has nothing to disclose.
Low-input ATAC&mRNA-seq protocol for simultaneous profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression.

Summary We present a simple, fast, and robust protocol (low-input ATAC&mRNA-seq) to simultaneously generate ATAC-seq and mRNA-seq libraries from the same cells in limited cell numbers by coupling a simplified ATAC procedure using whole cells with a novel mRNA-seq approach that features a seamless on-bead process including direct mRNA isolation from the cell lysate, solid-phase cDNA synthesis, and direct tagmentation of mRNA/cDNA hybrids for library preparation. It enables dual-omics profiling from limited material when joint epigenome and transcriptome analyses are needed. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al. (2021) .
Mystery sensitization: What happened in the hospital???

The 26 y/o female, with history of double heart valve replacement, should have had an uneventful heart transplant (txp). The patient (pt) was 0% HLA-Class I, only 12% sensitized to HLA-Class II, and the virtual crossmatch against her donor was negative. Our mystery case, however, had just begun. During the txp, testing of the immediate pre-txp sample revealed the pt was 100% sensitized to HLA-Class I and 24% to Class II, flow crossmatch (FCXM) on the same sample showed strong T and B cell channel shifts, HLA-DSA titered as high as 1:512 and were strongly C1q-binding. This was a surprising increase from results collected one month prior to txp. The clinical txp team was alerted, and while the pt was fine at that time, within 5 h of txp cardiogenic shock and rejection began. Early detection of sensitization allowed the txp team to arrange for plasmapheresis (PP), Thymoglobulin and Eculizumab before the pt crashed. How had the pt become so sensitized? Was there a sample switch? Re-typing of all samples for HLA antigens confirmed they belonged to the pt. Was the patient sensitized between the time of her first sample drawn one month prior to txp and the time of txp? As an inpatient for 3 weeks prior to txp, the clinical team was able to report she had not incurred any sensitizing events. Protocol fresh frozen plasma and Hepatitis B vaccine were given. FCXM on the 1 month pre-txp sample was negative, correlating with the original virtual. DSAs responded quickly to Eculizumab, Bortezomib and PP. Within 4 days post-txp, DSA titers had fallen to 1:8, and a 1 week post-txp right atrium biopsy was C4d negative. This was the most rapid response to therapy we had ever seen, and we speculate that the hyperacute immune response and quick therapy, including PP and complement inhibitors, precluded a mature complement response and C4d deposition. As of 4 months post-txp, DSA titers were maintained below 1:4 on Tacrolimus, Cellcept and Prednisone, and the pt entered cardio rehabilitation. While likely an anamnestic response pointing to a gap in HLA-specificity data collection, perhaps immunization could have served as a sensitizing event in this case. This case highlights the need for close monitoring for HLA-sensitization and antibody specificity changes following hospitalization and vaccination.
Hydrothermal uranothorite in fluorite breccias from the blue jay mine, Jamestown, Boulder County, Colorado

In the course of thin-section and heavy-mineral studies of fluorite breccias from Jamestown, Colo«, the mineral thorite, variety uranothorite, -was identified on the basis of chemical, spectrographie, optical, and X-ray data* This uranothorite is compared with uranothorite from South Westland, Hew Zealand, described by Button (1950)> and with similar material from an Alaskan placer sample studied by the writers, These uranothorites are in turn contrasted with the uranothorites described in the older literature all of which represent hydrated material. Thorium halos in fluorite are described, probably for the , % first time. The uranothorite associated with the fluorite breccias is clearly of hydr ©thermal origin unlike all previously described thorites and uranothorites with one very doubtful exception «
A Graph Based Method for Generating the Fiedler Vector of Irregular Problems

In this paper we present new algorithms for spectral graph partitioning. Previously, the best partitioning methods were based on a combination of Combinatorial algorithms and application of the Lanczos method when the graph allows this method to be cheap enough. Our new algorithms are purely spectral. They calculate the Fiedler vector of the original graph and use the information about the problem in the form of a preconditioner for the graph Laplacian. In addition, we use a favorable subspace for starting the Davidson algorithm and reordering of variables for locality of memory references.
Introduction to Water Resources and Environmental Issues

How much water does the world need to support growing human populations? What are the potential effects of climate change on the world's water resources? These questions and more are discussed in this thoroughly updated and expanded new edition. Written at the undergraduate level, this accessible textbook covers the fundamentals of water resources, water law, allocation, quality and quantity, health issues, and provides examples of potential personal actions and solutions. There is a keener focus on climate change, as many of the predictions made in the first edition have now come to pass. This new edition features improved artwork, more active learning prompts, more positive examples of beneficial changes, basic introductions to scientific approaches and a discussion of emerging contaminants and LiDAR technology. It contains strong teaching features, with new 'In Depth' and 'Think About It' sections to encourage class discussion, and homework questions to test students' understanding.
Using spy node to identify cyber-attack in power systems as a novel approach

Cyber-security of power systems is of vital importance in this decade and the attackers attempt to manipulate the data and inject malicious data in state variables to divert state of the system. Cyber-attack utilizes the information of the system to generate the attacking vector in order to elude the malicious data tests. The proposed novel approach intends to change the information of the system being exploited by the adversary through adding virtual buses to the network referred as spy nodes. These nodes, including extra measurements fed to the attacker, are able to change the perceived topology of the network on which the attacker depends. Candidate places of the spy nodes are determined by using spanning tree algorithm. Excluding the spy data and using the proposed criteria, malicious data is detected. Results were verified by simulating IEEE 9-bus standard system for several times. Furthermore the method detects the malicious data when the value of spy data changes.
Prototyping distributed systems using an object-oriented specification language

The authors discuss a software environment that automates the extraction of an object from the knowledge base and represents it in DOSL form. A prototype system to execute DOSL specifications is described. The method chose provides a translator from DOSL to ACT++. >
Is the B-cell abnormality secondary to T-cell abnormality in severe combined immunodeficiency?

Abstract The origin of circulating T and B cells was studied in a girl with severe combined immunodeficiency who, following transplantation with paternal bone marrow, achieved a long-lasting pure T-cell reconstitution. Circulating T and B cells were separated into pure populations using different methods. T cells were exclusively of donor origin as shown by karyotyping of phytohemagglutinin blasts and by quinacrine staining for the intensely fluorescent Y chromosome. B cells were of recipient origin as they failed to exhibit the intense fluorescence of the Y chromosome with quinacrine. In the present case failure of restoration of humoral immunity was due to failure to maturation of B-cell precursors and not to inadequate T-cell help.
Quantum quenches and thermalization in one-dimensional fermionic systems

We study the dynamics and thermalization of strongly correlated fermions in finite one-dimensional lattices after a quantum quench. Our calculations are performed using exact diagonalization. We focus on one- and two-body observables such as the momentum distribution function $[n(k)]$ and the density-density structure factor $[N(k)]$, respectively, and study the effects of approaching an integrable point. We show that while the relaxation dynamics and thermalization of $N(k)$ for fermions is very similar to the one of hardcore bosons, the behavior of $n(k)$ is distinctively different. The latter observable exhibits a slower relaxation dynamics in fermionic systems. We identify the origin of this behavior, which is related to the off-diagonal matrix elements of $n(k)$ in the basis of the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. More generally, we find that thermalization occurs far away from integrability and that it breaks down as one approaches the integrable point.
On the wave vector dependence of two photon absorption by a polymer

Abstract The wave vector dependence of the two photon absorption by a polymer is analyzed. It is shown that there is a geometric equivalent to the removal of the two photon Doppler broadening in dilute gases.
An analysis of the Hui-Riedel equation

We consider several of the features exhibited by the equation derived by Hui and Riedel for the angular variation of the stress function near the tip of a crack propagating under steady-state, quasi-static, antiplane strain conditions in an elastic/power-law creeping material. We show that the regularity condition imposed in front of the crack tip by Hui and Riedel as an extra boundary condition is in fact implicit in the physically derived boundary conditions, and does not therefore constitute an independent boundary condition. On the other hand, these physical boundary conditions do not imply that the solution is regular on the crack flank. Despite an apparent shortage of boundary conditions, uniqueness of positive solutions can be explained as behavior typical of certain kinds of nonlinear eigenvalue problems. We further examine the asymptotic behavior of the solution for large values of the power-law exponent. Here it is shown that the solution is not the elastic-perfectly plastic solution, as might be supposed, but rather a solution which is in good agreement with the numerical results of Hui and Riedel.
Liquid crystal diffractive phase grating as light modulator for projection display

The widely used liquid crystal (LC) projection display based on rotation of polarization has some disadvantages, such as significant (about 50%) loss of the unpolarized light on an input polarizer and a limited contrast ratio. The drivable LC phase diffraction grating, embedded in the Schlieren system as a spatial light modulator, is introduced as the alternative to a conventional LC light valve. The phase grating produced by a pattern alignment of the LC enables the construction of an LC diffractive modulator, which is independent from the polarization of the incident light. The LC phase diffraction grating redirects light passing through rather than absorbing light. The LC phase diffractive grating is potentially able to transform all incident light, at the ON state of the modulator, into diffractive maximums with no light in the zero-diffraction order. This enables the construction of an LC diffractive modulator with more modulation efficiency than the conventional LC light valve. Therefore, a model of the nematic LC diffractive phase grating is proposed. This model is based on an approximation for a retarded electrical field of diffracted radiation. The presented model is developed to optimize parameters of the LC light diffractive modulator to achieve maximum efficiency.
Selective IgA Deficiency in a Patient with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Case Report

We describe a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in which, eight years after initial diagnosis, an isolated (selective) IgA deficiency was detected. It is not clear which of these two conditions followed the other (both aetiologically and chronologically); indications and arguments for and against both hypotheses are discussed.
Intermediate product yield enhancement with a catalytic inorganic membrane—II. Nonisothermal and integral operation in a back-mixed reactor

Abstract The catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) offers added flexibility over its conventional reactor counterparts. In this study a model is developed to examine the performance of a completely back-mixed CMR for the consecutive-parallel reaction system given by 1 A+B→R 2 A+R→P+Q where the desired product is the intermediate R. The effect of segregating reactants to opposite sides of the nonpermselective membrane is examined with regard to the conversion of the main reactants A and B and the integral yield of R. The conversions and yield are shown to be sensitive functions of the degree of segregation. Several factors are identified which contribute to: • • the intrinsic kinetics and catalytic acitivity (i.e. apparent reaction orders), • • the degree of mixing of the reactants A and B between the two chambers (i.e. the characteristic flow, transmembrane diffusion, and reaction time), • • the proximity of the active layer to both of the reactants, and • • the relative extents and stoichiometries of the two reactions. For a fixed conversion of B and fixed overall B A feed ratio, and for the case in which the rate of reaction 2 has a higher apparent reaction order with respect to A than reaction 1, the integral yield of R exceeds that for a mixed feed if A is concentrated on the support side and B is concentrated on the active layer side. The membrane in this case serves as a diffusional barrier to reactant A, thereby controlling the effective B A ratio at the catalytic layer. The yield increase is achieved at the expense of contact time (or reactor volume). The analysis shows that it is possible to realize the same yield increase with a mixed feed by adjusting the B A feed ratio.
Variability of sunlike stars

Abstract Stars with the same temperature, luminosity, chemical composition, and activity as the Sun may be designated “sunlike stars.” The variability of several dozen reasonably sunlike stars has been monitored regularly since 1966 in chromospheric Ca II HK emission, and since 1984 in the visual continuum; larger stellar samples have been observed less comprehensively. Similar solar time series exist. A comparison of solar variability with its stellar analogs indicates that the Sun's current behavior is not unusual among sunlike stars, although the amplitude of the Sun's cyclic variation, measured photometrically, may be smaller than that of its stellar analogs. If the ensemble characteristics of a sample of sunlike stars are representative of the Sun's possible behavior, then such samples may provide insight about states of solar activity, such as Maunder Minima, which have not been observed on the Sun during the contemporary era of space-based measurements. Future progress in solar–stellar research will likely require studies of (1) rigorously selected samples of sunlike field stars, and (2) larger samples from stellar clusters, observed using 4-m class telescopes equipped with multi-object spectrographs and CCD photometers.
Weaving the Everyday: Identity, Space, and Power in Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1920-1939.

The idea of a constellation of relations is adopted here to examine the multiple identities, spaces, and powers that make up a sense of identity-in-place. The personal accounts of textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, recalling political actions in work, community, and home relations in the 1920s and 1930s, are used to suggest social-spatial mechanisms through which identity, space, and power were related. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which workers' varied experiences of the social relations of production (as created by divisions of labor, production strategies of an efficiency-driven industry, and "flexible" employment arrangements) influenced the form and space of political action in everyday life. It is suggested that by looking at everyday power-political acts, the spaces through which they occur, and the identities of the actors, a better understanding can be achieved of the intersection of identity, space, and power.
Directional alignment of two Salmonella phage P22 maps constructed from temperature sensitive or Amber mutants.

Two linkage maps of Salmonella phage P22, one constructed with temperature sensitive mutants and the other from amber mutants, were aligned with respect to directional sequence of the genes. Alignment was determined by use of a three-factor cross. The results are in agreement with two independent complementation tests conducted between temperature sensitive and amber mutants which had been employed in constructing the linkage maps.
Childhood unpredictability, schemas for unpredictability, and risk taking

The present paper describes a conceptual model of possible antecedents, markers, and consequences of unpredictability schemas, and outlines empirical support for the model. Early experiences, especially those pertaining to one's family, are the basis for the development of an unpredictability schema. To date, an unpredictability schema has been measured indirectly with scales that tap a variety of interrelated beliefs. Measures of such beliefs show associations with risk taking. An unpredictability schema, thus, may be an overlooked factor in risk-taking behavior. The present model takes a multidisciplinary approach and makes two major contributions. First, it integrates psychological constructs that have not previously been linked. Second, it clarifies existing relationships among background characteristics and riskrelated outcomes. Implications for prevention and intervention programming are discussed.
Probabilistic approach to planetary protection

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is the next generation Mars surface exploration mission proposed to launch in 2009. MSL faces a new and complex set of planetary protection (PP) and contamination control issues. MSL will carry a scientific payload capable of making geochemical and biochemical measurements never before attempted on another planet. MSL is designed to access most of the surface of Mars at any season for as much as a full Mars year through the use of radioisotope power. The combination of the science goals, use of radioisotope power, new measurements and theories about the presence of ice, and the requirement to evaluate off-nominal landings have forced the MSL project to develop a new approach to PP. Well, not so new, the project's strategy is the go back to the Viking probabilistic approach as the basis for its planetary protection categorization request. With the newest knowledge of Mars and detailed failure scenarios the project is preparing a very detailed set of analyses to show there is an acceptably low probability of contaminating Mars in the event an off-nominal landing. This paper discusses the formulation of the probabilistic approach and the latest results. Included is a summary of the various analyses that are required to support the probabilistic analysis including: entry and aerothermal breakup, terminal impact and breakup, thermo-fluid dynamics of icy soil in the presence of a perennial heat source to create liquid water, biologic reproduction potential and redistribution. This work is being closely coordinated with the NASA Planetary Protection Officer and is recognized as path finding for future Mars surface missions.
A hybrid method for calculating near-source, broadband seismograms: application to strong motion prediction

Abstract We present a hybrid method for computing broadband strong motion seismograms in the near-field of large earthquakes. We combine complete seismograms at low-frequency with ray-theory seismograms at high-frequency to form a composite broadband seismogram that spans the entire frequency range of interest. In our approach, the amplitude spectra of the two sets of synthetic seismograms are reconciled at intermediate frequencies where their domain of validity overlaps. We demonstrate the method with scenario earthquakes based on the spatial random-field model for complex earthquake slip [J. Geophys. Res. 107 (B11) (2002) 2308]. The hybrid near-source, broadband seismograms are useful both for detailed source modeling and for incorporating source effects into probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.
Growth, food conversion and survival of 0-group English sole (Parophrys vetulus Girard) at five temperatures and five rations

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature and food ration on growth, conversion efficiency and survival of 0-group English sole (Parophrys vetulus Girard). Young sole, fed a diet of Oregon Moist Pellets, were exposed to constant temperature-ration combinations between 9.5 and 21° C and between 0 and 16% rations (dry weight basis) for a 12-week experimental period. The juvenile sole, initially 4–6 g, grew at a rate of up to 0.95% per day at the most favorable temperature-ration combination, 9.5°C and 16% ration. Highest food conversion efficiency, 10.5%, was observed at the temperature-ration combination of 9.5°C and 8% ration. At 21°C, young sole lost weight at the ration levels fed. Based on growth rate, survival and food conversion efficiencies observed during the experiments and the temperatures to which the young sole are exposed in nature, the temperature at which greatest growth and maximum food conversion efficiency occurs is probably near or below 9.5°C. Although English sole juveniles were maintained for up to 1.5 years on Oregon Moist Pellets primarily, mortality was high during experiments (between 16 and 48%). The high mortality may have been associated with the pellet diet used, which is formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of salmonids and not flatfishes. The microsporidan protozoan Glugea sp., the monogenetic trematode Gyrodactylus sp., and Vibro bacteria also were associated with mortalities during the experiments, and one fish died of a large tumor.
Explaining variation in concern about the outcome of presidential elections, 1960–1980

Since 1960 there has been a steady erosion in concern about the electoral outcome of presidential elections among the white electorate. An analysis of the six SRC-CPS presidential election surveys conducted between 1960 and 1980 shows that a substantial portion of the erosion of electoral concern can be accounted for by the weakening of partisan loyalties and the decline in feelings that the political system is responsive. More generally, the analysis suggests that extent of concern about the electoral outcome is primarily a long-term secular component and not a short-term, election-specific factor as is commonly assumed in the literature.
Dynamics of a Large Scale Hydraulic Capsule Pipeline System

The dynamics of a booster station, which is critical for the control of a novel, long distance, hydraulic capsule pipeline, is simulated mathematically for design studies and control of the hydraulic transients caused by the valve actuators in the system. Several modifications to the pump bypass station configuration of the booster station have been studied. With the objective of eliminating column separation and reducing flow reversals, a configuration with several centrifugal pumps connected in series, and a carefully sized air chamber is found to be a viable design. A valve control method is designed to eliminate column separation and the design results in acceptable flow reversal levels in the main pipe. The simulation results match with trends in limited experimental studies performed on a small scale experimental capsule pipeline system.
The Ascraeus Mons fan-shaped deposit: Volcano–ice interactions and the climatic implications of cold-based tropical mountain glaciation

Abstract Amazonian-aged fan-shaped deposits extending to the northwest of each of the Tharsis Montes in the Tharsis region on Mars have been interpreted to have originated from mass-wasting, volcanic, tectonic and/or glacial processes. We use new data from MRO, MGS, and Odyssey to characterize these deposits. Building on recent evidence for cold-based glacial activity at Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons, we interpret the smaller Ascraeus fan-shaped deposit to be of glacial origin. Our geomorphological assessment reveals a number of characteristics indicative of glacial growth and retreat, including: (1) a ridged facies, interpreted to be composed of drop moraines emplaced during episodic glacial advance and retreat, (2) a knobby facies, interpreted to represent vertical downwasting of the ice sheet, and (3) complex ridges showing a cusp-like structure. We also see evidence of volcano–ice interactions in the form of: (1) an arcuate inward-facing scarp, interpreted to have formed by the chilling of lava flows against the glacial margin, (2) a plateau feature, interpreted to represent a subglacial eruption, and (3) knobby facies superimposed on flat-topped flows with leveed channels, interpreted to be subglacial inflated lava flows that subsequently drained and are covered by glacial till. We discuss the formation mechanisms of these morphologies during cold-based glacial activity and concurrent volcanism. On the basis of a Mid- to Late-Amazonian age (250–380 Ma) established from crater size-frequency distribution data, we explore the climatic implications of recent glaciation at low latitudes on Mars. GCM results show that increased insolation to the poles at high obliquities (>45°) forces sublimation of polar ice, which is transported to lower latitudes and deposited on the flanks of the Tharsis Montes. We assess how local orographic effects, the mass balance of the glacier, and the position of equilibrium line altitudes, all played a role in producing the observed geomorphologies. In doing so, we outline a glacial history for the evolution of the Ascraeus Mons fan-shaped deposit and compare its initiation, growth and demise with those of Arsia Mons and Pavonis Mons.
Photoluminescence quantum yields of amorphous and crystalline silicon nanoparticles

While nanocrystalline silicon is known to be an efficient optical emitter, there have been few and sometimes contradictory reports of emission from amorphous silicon nanoparticles. This paper presents a study of the optical properties of amorphous and crystalline silicon nanoparticles synthesized by a nonthermal plasma reactor. By tuning the power delivered to the reactor, the particle structure was adjusted from amorphous to crystalline without otherwise changing the particle properties, such as nanoparticle size, in a significant manner. Two different kinds of surface passivation of nanoparticles are studied: the surface functionalization with organic ligands in a scheme known as hydrosilylation and the passivation with a native surface oxide. We observe a clear trend of the photoluminescence quantum yield increasing with the increasing degree of crystallinity of samples with largely amorphous samples, exhibiting almost no luminescence. Measurements suggest that the upper bound for the quantum yield of amorphous nanoparticles is 2%, while the quantum yield of silicon nanocrystals is routinely found to exceed 40%.
New Treatment Options for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Heparin, in various forms, is used in a variety of conditions including prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Although the most common adverse effect related to the use of heparin is bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) can also occur. Two types of HIT exist, HIT type I and type II. HIT type I is a mild and self-limiting disease in which the patient’s platelet count may decrease slightly but will recover with continued treatment. This is in contrast to HIT type II, which may lead to potentially devastating complications. Patients with HIT type II are at increased risk for thromboembolic complications that are mediated through autoimmune reactions and therefore require anticoagulation with danaparoid or one of the direct thrombin inhibitors, including lepirudin, argatroban, or bivalirudin. Limited data are available on the use of these agents in special populations including patients who are pregnant or those undergoing procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention, car...
Diurnal variation in the labeling index of mouse epidermis: a double isotope autoradiographic demonstration of changing flow rates.

A diurnal rhythmicity in the labeling index was observed in the epidermis of hairless mice, injected with either 14C- or 3H-thymidine, at different times during a 24 hr period. A modified autoradiographic technique, using 14C- and 3H-thymidine and two overlying emulsion layers, makes it possible to clearly differentiate synthesizing cells which are singly labeled with either carbon-14 or tritium, and cells labeled with both isotopes. At various times during a 24 hr period, hairless mice were injected with thymidine-2-14C and colcemid, followed at 2 or 3 hr by a second injection of 3H-thymidine. The labeling indices were calculated for the 14C- and 3H-thymidine injection times. These labeling indices were consistent with the control, single isotope, labeling indices and exhibited the same diurnal rhythm. Cells singly labeled with 3H- or 14C-thymidine have either started or completed DNA synthesis during the interval between the two injections. Flow rates into and out of DNA synthesis, throughout the 24 hr period, can be calculated from these singly labeled cells. The flow rates varied rhythmically throughout the day and paralleled changes in the labeling indices. The influx and efflux flow rates, at all times measured, were not equal. The influx flow rate was reflected in the efflux rate at a time later equal to the duration of S. By means of these flow rates, the per cent of cells in DNA synthesis was calculated for each hour during a 24 hr period. The resulting labeling index curve matches the observed 24 hr diurnal rhythm in labeling indices. By extension of these flow rates through mitosis, the resulting mitotic index curve is comparable to the reported 24 hr diurnal rhythm in mitotic indices.
A Numerical Evaluation of Radiation Fog Variables

Abstract A numerical model of radiation fog was developed in order to test the sensitivity of variables comprising the model, and evaluate its capability for forecasting the onset of fog from standard radiosonde weather data. Four case studies were considered that included both fog and no-fog occurrences. The variables examined–initial surface temperature and moisture conditions, eddy exchange profiles, radiative flux divergence, and dew formation–were all found to influence critically the model's performance. Prediction of fog occurrence and temperature were reasonably encouraging provided a judicious (though somewhat arbitrary) choice of eddy mixing values was made.
Tricuspid valve repair in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Abstract Objectives Currently, the survival for the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome is approximately 90% in selected centers. However, the development of tricuspid regurgitation remains a significant obstacle to successful staged repair in a subset of these patients. The results of tricuspid valve repair in this challenging patient population remain largely unknown. Methods Twenty-eight patients with significant (3-4+) tricuspid regurgitation after the Norwood procedure required tricuspid valve repair from August 1995 through December 2002. The clinical and Doppler-echocardiographic data were reviewed to determine the efficacy of repair and patient outcome. Results Follow-up was 96% complete (27/28). Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of tricuspid regurgitation at late follow-up: those with a successful late outcome (0-2+) and those with a poor outcome (3-4+). There were 17 (63%) patients with a successful result and 10 (37%) with an adverse outcome. Age, weight, follow-up duration, valve anatomy, and stage of palliation were not significantly different between groups. Early postoperative 0 to 2+ regurgitation was associated with a durable result ( P = .012) and preserved ventricular function ( P = .04). Need for repair other than a partial annuloplasty was predictive of a poor outcome ( P = .04). Overall survival was 67% (18/27). Survival was 94% (16/17) for patients with a successful late result versus 20% (2/10) for those with a poor outcome ( P = .0002). Conclusions Tricuspid valve repair can be accomplished in this challenging patient population with excellent results. Successful tricuspid valve repair is predictive of continued good valve function and preserved right ventricular function. Successful valve repair at late follow-up predicts excellent late survival.
A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity

Debris flow velocities are commonly back-calculated from superelevation events which require subjective estimates of radii of curvature of bends in the debris flow channel or predicted using flow equations that require the selection of appropriate rheological models and material property inputs. This research investigated difficulties associated with the use of these conventional velocity estimation methods. Radii of curvature estimates were found to vary with the extent of the channel investigated and with the scale of the media used, and back-calculated velocities varied among different investigated locations along a channel. Distinct populations of Bingham properties were found to exist between those measured by laboratory tests and those back-calculated from field data; thus, laboratory-obtained values would not be representative of field-scale debris flow behavior. To avoid these difficulties with conventional methods, a new preliminary velocity estimation method is presented that statistically relates flow velocity to the channel slope and the flow depth. This method presents ranges of reasonable velocity predictions based on 30 previously measured velocities.
Post-event review in older and younger adults : Improving memory accessibility of complex everyday events

Recalling an event at 1 time often increases the likelihood that it will be remembered at a still later time. The authors examined the degree to which older and younger adults' memory for everyday events that they watched on a videotape was improved by later seeing photographs or reading brief verbal descriptions of those events. Both older and younger adults recalled more events, in greater detail, with than without review. Verbal descriptions enhanced later recall to the same degree as reviewing photographs. Younger adults generally gained more from review than older adults on measures of the absolute number of details recalled and when facilitation was assessed relative to a no-review control condition, but not when memory for reviewed events was expressed as a proportion of each individual's total recall. Post-event review has clear potential practical benefits for improving memory of older adults.
Levels of synthetic musk compounds in municipal wastewater for potential estimation of biota exposure in receiving waters

We analyzed water samples from the confluence of three municipal sewage treatment effluent streams, surface water, and whole carp (Cyprinus carpio) for synthetic musks for a period of 7–12 months. The lipid content of each fish was determined and compared with the concentration of musks in the whole fish tissue. Enhanced methods were used for water sampling and musk extraction. The data presented here provide insight as to the relationship between concentrations of synthetic musks in the municipal effluent and associated biota. This study confirmed the presence of polycyclic and nitro musk compounds in sewage effluent, Lake Mead water, and carp. The concentrations were found to be considerably lower than previous studies conducted in other countries. This study also provides data for polycyclic and nitro musk compounds, as well as some of the nitro musk metabolites in sewage treatment plant effluent, lake water, and carp.
MO‐G‐BRA‐04: Advantages of Implementation of a Self‐Regulating Thermobrachy Seed for Solid Tumors

Introduction: The recently proposed thermobrachy seed combines a sealed radioactive source with a ferromagnetic core serving as a source for self‐ regulating hyperthermia when placed in an alternating electromagnetic field. This seed has the potential to address some shortcomings of other methods suggested for delivery of radiotherapy and hyperthermia, such as, as an inadequate temperature control due to complex invasive thermometry and feedback loops, temperature non‐uniformity, and prolonged time delay between hyperthermia and radiation treatments.Materials and Method: The thermobrachy seed consists of Ni‐Cu ferromagnetic alloy core coated with carbon containing I‐125 source and encapsulated in titanium capsule. The external dimension of the seed is the same as the BEST Model 2301 I125. In our modeling study, seeds are located in the central region of cylindrical water phantom. An alternating magnetic field was applied using an externally wrapped current carrying coil. The temperature distribution within the phantom due to the induction heating of the ferromagnetic seed was obtained using a finite element analysis method. This distribution was compared to radiationdose distribution from treatment planning system. Results: The thermoseed surface temperature rises rapidly and stays constant around the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic material used. The temperature self‐regulation eliminates the need for invasive thermometry and simplifies the treatment procedure. The phantom volume reaching the therapeutic temperature range increases with increase of frequency or magnetic field strength. The temperature coverage over the target volume can be optimized by changing the magnetic field variables (intensity and frequency). Furthermore the tuning of the variables allows us achieving isothermal surfaces exactly similar to the radiation isodoses. Conclusion: The result shows that one can obtain the optimal isothermal distribution on the target volume to match with the prescribed radiation isodose distribution for the seed configuration by changing frequency and intensity of the alternating applied magnetic field.
Efficacy and safety of sitosterol in the management of blood cholesterol levels

Elevated levels of plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) represent a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Treatments aimed at reducing levels of circulating LDL are regarded, therefore, as cardioprotective. The cholesterol lowering properties of plant sterols have been known for some time and many clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy of sitosterol in lowering plasma LDL-C concentrations. Animal studies have also shown reductions in LDL by sitosterol. The use of animal models has been useful in facilitating the elucidation of specific mechanisms by which this sterol exerts its hypocholesterolemic action. It is well known that plant sterols compete with cholesterol for space within bile salt micelles in the intestinal lumen thereby reducing cholesterol absorption. The understanding of the function of plant sterols in impeding cholesterol absorption has been clarified with the discovery of the adenosine binding cassette transporters, ABCG5/8, involved in the regulation of sterol absorption and secretion into the enterocyte and hepatocyte. Compared to cholesterol and other sterols, sitosterol is preferentially pumped out to the intestinal lumen by the ABCG5/8 transporters. This selective binding of sitosterol to the transporters ultimately results in significant lowering of plasma cholesterol. However, some findings support the hypothesis that plant sterols might be an additional risk factor for coronary heart disease. From the review of these studies, it is apparent that sitosterol is a useful dietary supplement for the lowering of plasma cholesterol. Nevertheless, this plant sterol should be used with caution in certain individuals who have a higher absorption rate of sitosterol.
Testing the accuracy of portable X-ray fluorescence to study Aztec and Colonial obsidian supply at Xaltocan, Mexico

Abstract This article demonstrates the accuracy of non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence ( p XRF) for the study of obsidian in central Mexico. Obsidian sources were identified for a sample of 103 artifacts from the site of Xaltocan, which spanned the rise and fall of the Aztec empire and the first centuries of Spanish colonial rule (AD 900–1700). Sources were assigned by comparing p XRF measurements with previously published source data and were verified using the standard techniques of laboratory XRF ( l XRF) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Additional tests of potentially confounding factors show that neither length of read time, presence of surface residue, nor incomplete detector coverage due to small artifact size compromised our ability to attribute sources to artifacts. Concave surfaces did decrease the accuracy of readings because of the greater distance between the artifact and the detector. Our results provide new insight into the stability of supply networks and markets well into the Colonial period as well as the homogenizing tendencies of the Aztec market system.
A reinvestigation of the crystal and molecular structure of (18-crown-6) · 2 CH3NO2:D 3d stabilization via methyl hydrogen-crown oxygen ‘hydrogen bonds’

The title compound was crystallized from hot nitromethane. (18-crown-6) · 2CH3NO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n witha=9.066(3),b=8.284(3),c=14.015(7) A, β=101.83(5)o andDcalc=1.25 g cm−3 forZ=2. Least-squares refinement using 890 independent observed reflections led to a final conventionalR value of 0.084. The hydrogen atoms were located but not refined. The crown ether resides about a crystallographic center of invertion. There are two nitromethane molecules (one centered above and one below the crown ether) weakly interacting with the crown oxygen atoms via the methyl hydrogens stabilizing aD3d crown conformation.
Feeding damage effects of three aphid species on wheat root growth

Cereal aphid infestations have considerable impact upon productivity and profitability of United States agriculture. A comparison study of the influence of different aphid species (Russian wheat aphid, Duraphis noxia Mordvilko; greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani; and bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L.) upon shoot characteristics and root growth of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was conducted in an attempt to better understand the mechanisms of yield loss in aphid damaged plants. Plants infested with aphids showed similar reductions in shoot growth regardless of aphid species. Shoot chlorophyll concentrations were lowest in greenbug-infested plants. Root length and dry weight were also equally reduced by feeding damage by the three aphid species. Upon removal of the aphids, shoot dry weights of plants damaged by each aphid species remained unchanged for 10 days. Shoot dry weights for aphid-damaged plants were about half the magnitude seen in the control plants after 15 days. Chlorophyll concentrations seen in greenbug and Russian wheat aphid-infested plants initially were lower than the concentrations seen in bird cherry oat aphid-infested and control plants. Within 10 days after aphid removal, however, chlorophyll concentrations across all treatments were essentially equal. Root lengths in plants previously infested with greenbugs or Russian wheat aphids were lower than control plants four days after aphid removal. Within 10 days after aphid removal, root lengths in plants previously infested with greenbugs or Russian wheat aphids did not differ from control plants. Root lengths in plants previously damaged by bird cherry oat aphids did not reach the same magnitude as that of the other treatments until 27 days after aphid removal. These results indicate that aphid feeding damage to wheat plants can have significant effects on root growth, suggesting that crop management practices that promote root growth could play important roles in improving plant tolerance to aphid damage.
New-onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Is permanence inevitable?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia that requires treatment and as such represents a major medical and socioeconomic problem. Although we have learned much about this rhythm in recent years, questions remain in terms of pathogenesis and prognosis. Patients with AF are a heterogeneous group; although most have coexisting cardiovascular disease, such as valvular disorders, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy, 10% to 30% have no underlying risk factors. Our management of AF has been hampered by a limited understanding of the disease. In this issue of the Journal, Kerr and colleagues shed new light on the natural history of paroxysmal AF after initial discovery. Before we consider this study and others, terminology must be defined. The present report extracts data from Canadian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation, a study that described AF as bparoxysmalQ and bchronic.Q Recently, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (ACC/AHA/ESC) provided guidelines for management of AF and defined the b3 P’sQ for description of the arrhythmia: paroxysmal (self-terminating within 7 days); persistent (requiring cardioversion or lasting z7 days); and permanent (persisting a year or more, or prompting the physician to abandon attempts to convert the rhythm). In the present report, the authors consider their population to be paroxysmal because they all had shown a return to sinus mechanism before the 3-month follow-up visit. However, as per the definition of the 3 P’s, these could indeed include both paroxysmal and persistent AF. The progression to chronic appears to be generally equivalent of bpermanentQ AF, as the