cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and risks of medical therapy for supraventricular tachycardia in neonates and infants

To assess the efficacy and safety of current pharmacologic therapy for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in infants, we reviewed 112 infants treated between July 1985 and March 1993. The SVT mechanism was determined by esophageal electrophysiologic study and involved an accessory pathway in 86, atrioventricular (AV) node reentry in 10, atrial muscle reentry in 11, and an ectopic atrial tachycardia in 5 patients. Of six infants not treated, none had clinical recurrences of SVT. Of the 106 patients treated, 70% remained free of tachycardia while receiving digoxin, propranolol, or both. Class I antiarrhythmic agents were necessary for 13 patients, and class III agents were required for another 13 infants. Verapamil was used in one infant with AV node reentry tachycardia. Nine infants with complex clinical presentations were believed to have failed medical management and underwent radiofrequency ablation. Five patients died, four of complications related to structural heart disease and one shortly after radiofrequency ablation was performed. No deaths appeared to be related to antiarrhythmic medications. No drug-related side effects requiring medication change occurred, and no proarrhythmia was observed. Thus medical therapy appears to be effective and safe in infants with SVT. Radiofrequency ablation should be reserved for rare infants who fail aggressive medical regimens or when the situation is complicated by ventricular dysfunction, severe symptoms, or complex congenital heart disease.
Syntax-directed translation of organic chemical formulas into their two-dimensional representation

Abstract This paper describes a computer program which translates standard organic chemistry formulas into their two-dimensional representation. The syntactic rules describing the input language as well as the semantic actions which perform the translation when a rule is recognized are described in the paper. The translator is operational on a PDP-10 computer and displays the formulas using a plotter.
Distal Sp3 binding sites in the hIGBP-1 gene promoter suppress transcriptional repression in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells: identification of a novel Sp3 form in decidual cells.

The purpose of this study was to identify the nuclear components that account for a dramatic transcriptional induction of the human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) gene in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells. The study focused on the functional analysis and binding characteristics of the two distal promoter regions, 132 bp -2.732 to -2.6 kb [C/al/Xbal, (CX) fragment] and 30 bp [-2830 to -2800 bp, Hincll/ Sphl [HS] fragment]. In the primary culture of endometrial stromal cells, we have examined the three cis-elements, I, II and III, in the 58-bp BsaHl/ Rsal (BR) fragment (a promoter fragment that resides in CX) previously identified in HEC-1B cells. When pBRPL (BR 5'-linked to -2600 to +68 bp IGFBP-1 promoter/chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene) was transfected into cells, only cis-element II (-2660 to -2638 bp) mediated the activation, whereas I and III (-2675 to -2666 bp and -2637 to -2628 bp) were inactive in both unstimulated and hormone-stimulated endometrial stroma...
Zooplankton distribution and cross-shelf transfer of carbon in an area of complex mesoscale circulation in the northern California Current

Abstract We conducted a research cruise in late summer (July–August) 2000 to study the effect of mesoscale circulation features on zooplankton distributions in the coastal upwelling ecosystem of the northern California Current. Our study area was in a region of complex coastline and bottom topography between Newport, Oregon (44.7°N), and Crescent City, California (41.9°N). Winds were generally strong and equatorward for >6 weeks prior to the cruise, resulting in the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water along the coast and an alongshore upwelling jet. In the northern part of the study area, the jet followed the bottom topography, creating a broad, retentive area nearshore over a submarine shelf bank (Heceta Bank, 44–44.4°N). In the south, a meander of the jet extended seaward off of Cape Blanco (42.8°N), resulting in the displacement of coastal water and the associated coastal taxa to >100 km off the continental shelf. Zooplankton biomass was high both over the submarine bank and offshore in the meander of the upwelling jet. We used velocities and standing stocks of plankton in the upper 100 m to estimate that 1×106 m3 of water, containing an average zooplankton biomass of ∼20 mg carbon m−3, was transported seaward across the 2000-m isobath in the meandering jet each second. That flux equated to offshore transport of >900 metric tons of carbon each day, and 4–5×104 tons over the 6–8 week lifetime of the circulation feature. Thus, mesoscale circulation can create disparate regions in which zooplankton populations are retained over the shelf and biomass can accumulate or, alternatively, in which high biomass is advected offshore to the oligotrophic deep sea.
Pellets vs. Mash Plus Pellets vs. Mash for Broiler Feeding

Abstract There are very little data on the comparative values of various feeding methods in broiler production. A faster rate of growth or a greater gain in weight and feed efficiency by pellet feeding over mash for chickens, has been reported by Patton and Rauls (1938), Heywang and Morgan (1944), Hoffman and Poitivent (1947), Bearse, Berg, McClary and Miller (1952). However, Temperton and Dudley (1948) and Stewart and Upp (1950) reported that the form of the feed did not affect the rate of growth or feed efficiency. Lanson (1954) reported that White Plymouth Rock female broilers fed pellets entirely or as one-third of the total feed were superior to mash fed broilers at 10 and 12 weeks in the following respects: average weight per broiler, percent gain over four week weight, return over feed cost, feed conversion, and performance efficiency. The broilers fed pellets plus mash were reported to be superior …
Root canal treatment on a patient with zinc oxide allergy: a case report.

Aim To describe successful root canal treatment of a patient with a true zinc oxide allergy and to discuss allergic reactions to dental materials. Summary Dental materials have been reported as aetiologic agents for both local and systemic allergic reactions. It is essential for the oral healthcare provider to recognize the clinical symptoms associated with allergic reactions and to modify dental treatment, if necessary, to prevent these reactions from occurring. This article describes an unusual case of a patient with an allergy to zinc oxide. To our knowledge, this is the first case of successful root canal treatment of a patient with confirmed zinc oxide allergy to be reported in the dental literature. Key learning points • Medical and dental histories must be evaluated to prevent medical complications secondary to dental treatment. • Any patient suspected of having an allergy to dental materials should be referred to a healthcare professional capable of performing and interpreting allergy tests prior to dental treatment.
SU‐GG‐J‐128: Comparison of Dose Distributions for Small Animal Radiotherapy Using a MicroCT Scanner and a Single‐Field Irradiator

Purpose: To compare dose distributions for small animal radiotherapy performed on a microCT scanner with multiple 120kV beams and a single‐field irradiator with a 200kV beam. Materials and Methods: A microCT scanner with a maximum x‐ray tube potential of 120kV and a single‐field irradiator operating at 200kV were modeled in the EGSnrc/BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code. The models were validated using dose in air and depth dose curves in solid water for various beam sizes measured with an ionization chamber and gafchromic films. Treatment plans for a mouse with subcutaneous teratoma and a mouse with a spontaneous lungtumor were created for both the microCT scanner and the single‐field irradiator. On the microCT, the teratoma treatment was prescribed as tangential 80° and 180° beams and lungtumor treatment consisted of eighteen beams equally spaced between 90° and 270°. On the single‐field irradiator, the mice were planned with a left lateral beam and an anterior posterior beam, respectively. The 5Gy dose to the PTV and the dose to critical structures were calculated in the EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc code. Results: In both cases, the dose distributions achieved with the microCT scanner using a 120kV beam were superior to the dose calculated for a single 200kV beam. The teratoma case showed 4Gy dose to 30% of the left lung whereas the dose to all critical structures on the microCT scanner was below 0.2Gy. In the case of the lungtumor, the dose to the spinal cord and right lung is considerably larger for the single‐field irradiator plan. Left lung and heart are completely spared in the single‐field treatment, however, the dose to these structures is below 1.5Gy in the microCT plan. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that small animal radiotherapy on a microCT scanner yields better critical organ sparing and is therefore preferred over single‐field irradiator radiotherapy.
Natural history of allergy to Hymenoptera.

Summary One hundred and nineteen patients who had a generalized reaction to a bee sting and who subsequently had a history of being re-stung before desensitization were studied. The reaction, in these 119 patients was as follows: 44.5% had an improved grade of reaction, 42.9% had the same grade of reaction and 12.6% had a worse grade of reaction. Of these 119 patients, 39.5% had only a local reaction to their re-sting. Those patients who were re-stung within 2 weeks (anergic period) or over 5 years after a generalized reaction to a sting had significantly improved response. Results of pretreatment RAST to venoms of hornet, yellow jacket, wasp, honey bee and to phospholipase A appeared to correlate with the clinical signs and symptoms of the previous sting in 75% of cases.
The formation and thermal stability of in vitro assembled fibrils from acid-soluble and pepsin-treated collagens

Abstract The role of the non-helical regions of the collagen molecule in fibrillogenesis has been investigated by comparing the kinetics of fibril formation of pepsin-treated acid-soluble collagen, acid-soluble collagen and mixtures of the two and by comparison of the thermal stabilities of the fibrils formed. The acid-soluble collagen was found to aggregate more rapidly than the pepsin-treated collagen under physiological conditions of pH and ionic strength. Variations in ionic strength, at physiological pH, were found to have differing effects on the aggregation of these two forms of soluble collagen. Fibrils formed from the pepsinized-collagen had a lower thermal stability than those formed from the intact collagen. The behavior observed with mixtures of acid-soluble and pepsin-treated collagens was found to be quantitatively consistent with the pepsinized collagen being able to utilize the nuclei formed by the acid-soluble collagen for subsequent growth. However, the use of the acid-soluble nuclei by the pepsinized collagen for growth did not enhance its rate of precipitation during the growth phase, nor did it enhance the thermal stability of the fibrils formed from the pepsinized collagen.
Coupling the Actin Binding Cleft and Nucleotide Binding Pocket in Myosin V

Previously we have demonstrated in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies that mant labeled nucleotides and IAEDANS actin can act as good donor probes for a FlAsH labeled acceptor site in the upper 50 kDa domain of myosin V. We examined the temperature dependence of the FRET signal between mantADP and MV WT FlAsH in the presence and absence of actin. We found that at low temperature (4-15°C) a high FRET state dominates (closed pocket) while at high temperature (30-35°C) a low FRET state dominates (open pocket). This transition is reversible suggesting a temperature-dependent conformational change. However, the mutant E442A, which is incapable of hydrolyzing ATP, remains in a high FRET state (closed pocket) with mantATP bound in the presence or absence of actin. Our results suggest a more flexible conformation of myosin in the presence of ADP compared to ATP which allows myosin to populate two actomyosin.ADP state conformations. These results are supported by the lifetime FRET analysis, and by computational FIRST/FRODA analysis of the intrinsic flexibility found in different x-ray crystal structures. We also plan to explore the temperature dependent conformational dynamics of the actin binding cleft using the IAEDANS actin (donor) and MV FlAsH (acceptor) pair in the presence of ATP, ADP, and absence of nucleotide using steady state and lifetime based FRET measurements. Our results will provide critical insights into the mechanocoupling that may occur between the nucleotide-binding pocket and actin binding cleft in myosin motors.
Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by SPARC is mediated through a Ca2+‐binding EF‐hand sequence

SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine, also known as osteonectin and BM-40) is a metal-binding glycoprotein secreted by a variety of cultured cells and characteristic of tissues undergoing morphogenesis, remodeling, and repair. Recently it has been shown that SPARC inhibits the progression of the endothelial cell cycle in mid-G1, and that a synthetic peptide (amino acids 54-73 of secreted murine SPARC, peptide 2.1) from a cationic, disulfide-bonded region was in part responsible for the growth-suppressing activity [Funk and Sage (1991): Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2648-2652]. Moreover, SPARC was shown to interact directly with bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells through a C-terminal EF-hand sequence comprising a high-affinity Ca(2+)-binding site of SPARC and represented by a synthetic peptide (amino acids 254-273) termed 4.2 [Yost and Sage (1993): J Biol Chem 268:25790-25796]. In this study we show that peptide 4.2 is a more potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis that acts cooperatively with peptide 2.1 to diminish the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine by both BAE and bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells. At concentrations of 0.019-0.26 mM peptide 4.2, thymidine incorporation by BAE cells was decreased incrementally, relative to control values, from approximately 100 to 10%. Although somewhat less responsive, BCE cells exhibited a dose-responsive decrement in thymidine incorporation, with a maximal inhibition of 55% at 0.39 mM. The inhibitory effect of peptide 4.2 was essentially independent of heparin and basic fibroblast growth factor and was blocked by anti-SPARC peptide 4.2 IgG, but not by antibodies specific for other domains of SPARC. To identify residues that were necessary for inhibition of DNA synthesis, we introduced single amino acid substitutions into synthetic peptide 4.2 and tested their activities and cell-surface binding characteristics on endothelial cells. Two peptides displayed null to diminished effects in the bioassays that were concentration-dependent: peptide 4.2 K, containing an Asp258 --> Lys substitution, and peptide 4.2 AA, in which the two disulfide-bonded Cys (positions 255 and 271) were changed to Ala residues. Peptide 4.2 K, which failed to fulfill the EF-hand consensus formula, exhibited an anomalous fluorescence emission spectrum, in comparison with the wild-type 4.2 sequence, that was indicative of a compromised affinity for Ca2(+).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Anion binding by fluorescent biimidazole diamides.

Six 2,2'-biimidazoles with various amide groups at the 4- and 4'-positions were prepared from 5-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. In the final step of the synthesis, biimidazole C2-C2' bond formation was accomplished in 33-45% yield by palladium(0)-catalyzed homocoupling of the corresponding 2-iodoimidazoles. Four of the biimidazoles were studied by X-ray diffraction. In the solid state, all display coplanar imidazole rings, an anti relationship of amide groups, and intramolecular (NH(amide).N(imid)) and intermolecular (NH(imid).O(amide)) hydrogen bonding. In CH(2)Cl(2), the emission intensity of the biimidazoles is quenched by the presence of dihydrogenphosphate and chloride anions, but no shifts in lambda(emiss) are observed. Binding constants for 1:1 biimidazole-anion complexation (K(assoc)) are on the order of 10(4) M(-)(1) for H(2)PO(4)(-) and Cl(-). One of the receptors (bearing 3,5-difluorobenzylamides) is selective for chloride. The participation of the amide NH atoms in anion binding was established by (1)H NMR.
Patient-Specific Fluid Structure Interaction Simulation Applied to Evaluating Hemodynamics Within the Total Cavopulmonary Connection

Congenital heart disease (CHD), a life-threatening birth disorder, is the most common genetic disorder with an incidence rate as high as 1% in neonates (36,000 cases in 2006). Amongst these children, one out of four has single ventricle anomaly. As a palliative rather than a curative means for vascular reconstruction, the “Fontan” palliation has been used to produce stable hemodynamic states, at least for a limited period of time. However, the majority of post-Fontan patients faces a high risk of mortality and morbidity [1], and will have to undergo heart transplant eventually due to the excess load imposed on the single ventricle by the systemic resistance.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Answering the Call for Accountability: An Activity and Cost Analysis Case Study

This article summarizes the findings of a case study on the creation and application of an activity-based cost accounting model that links community college salary expenditures to mission-critical practices within academic divisions of a southern California community college. Although initially applied as a financial management tool in private enterprise, higher education scholars have recently explored the relevance of activity-based costing (ABC) procedures as a means of responding to demands for increased fiscal accountability and efficiency in postsecondary institutions. This case study builds upon previous higher education cost-accounting scholarship by situating the research in the community college sector and by incorporating management and classified staff in the activity and cost analyses. The research design and findings described in this article illustrate the utility of activity-based costing procedures as a means of identifying what it costs a community college to perform a variety of institu...
Elemental analysis of small glass fragments in forensic science

Abstract The evidential value of small glass particles has been recognized for quite some time. While physical properties such as refractive index and density offer some discrimination of glass samples, they offer little in the way of classification of glass product type. Further, with improved glass manufacturing processes, the range of physical properties seen in modern glass samples is continually decreasing. Many have advocated the use of elemental analysis for the purposes of forensic glass analaysis. Various instrumental techniques have been employed to this end, including flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. These more commonly employed methods are discussed with regard to the application to forensic glass analysis. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are highlighted.
Results of radiation therapy in gastric cancer.

Radiation therapy has been used in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer in two clinical settings: definitive therapy for locally advanced, unresectable tumors and adjuvant therapy following surgery for high-risk disease. For patients with locally advanced, unresectable or subtotally resected gastric carcinoma, radiotherapeutic approaches with and without chemotherapy have been employed, because these tumors appear localized, without clinically detectable metastases. Combined treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy appears to prolong survival but rarely results in long-term cure. Although only a modest effect was seen on survival, importantly, these studies established the foundation of contemporary combined-modality therapy and have served to stimulate further clinical investigation in gastric cancer as well as other gastrointestinal disease sites. For patients undergoing resection and lymphadenectomy with curative intent, the development of local or regional failure is common, occurring in 40% to 65% of patients. Sites of local and regional failure following resection include the gastric/tumor bed in 20% to 55%, the anastomosis in 25% to 50%, and the regional nodes in 40% to 50% of patients. Intergroup Trial 0116 (INT 0116), a phase Ill trial, has recently demonstrated that adjuvant radiation therapy with concurrent and maintenance 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) reduces local failure and improves survival. Adjuvant therapy is now routinely administered to patients undergoing resection of gastric cancer for high-risk disease. Ongoing trials are now investigating new systemic agents with radiation therapy to establish efficacy compared to 5-FU and LV, as well as evaluating neoadjuvant approaches prior to resection.
Hierarchical multilayer perceptron neural network for the recognition of the automobile license plate number

A Hierarchical Multilayer Perceptron neural networkfor the recognition ofthe automobile license plate numberJoongho Chang & Norman C. GriswoldDepartment ofElectrical EngineeringTexas A&M University, College station, TX 77840ABSTRACTThis paper proposed a new Hierarchical Multilayer Perceptron (HMLP) network as an improvedclassifier for alpha-numeric characters recognition from the automobile license plate. HMLP is built up byhierarchically stacking the small MLP subnetworks that work as local classifiers in the feature space.Each subnetwork is trained not to cause overtraining. The generalization and overtraimng problem ofneural networks was reduced by this method. The classification performance ofHMLP was compared withthe conventional single stage MLP, and BMLP showed better performance especially for the large sizedclassification problem.1. ThTRODUCTIONRecently, neural networks (N.N.) as classifier are getting more attentions in many applications. Itis well known that N.N. can perform as well as, and sometimes much better than other conventionalstatistical classifiers such as Bayesian classifier or weighted minimum-mean distance methods when it isevaluated with experimental results,[1][2] also it is well known that N.N. classifier can estimate Bayesiana posteriori probabilities.[3]
Transformation from ad hoc EDA to algorithmic EDA

In this paper I will attempt to provide an overview of Professor C. L. (Dave) Liu's contributions to electronic design automation (EDA). I will start with his early work as a pioneering researcher in combinatorial mathematics and algorithms, and then highlight several of his algorithmic contributions to a number of EDA problems - including floorplanning, placement, routing, FPGA synthesis, high-level synthesis, and fault-tolerant designs. Liu's studies of these problems were very timely, right at the time when they became important to the integrated circuit (IC) design industry. Many of his solution techniques are also timeless, as they have been applied to other EDA problems. Finally, I discuss his contributions as a great educator - one who has trained multiple generations of leaders, researchers and entrepreneurs in EDA and beyond. These people carry on Liu's vision and efforts in the transformation of ad hoc EDA to algorithmic EDA.
On the conditional p -median problem

Abstract In this paper we investigate the conditional p -median problem. Optimal algorithms for the Euclidean case in the plane for the 1-median with several existing facilities are proposed. A general heuristic algorithm for any metric or environment (network or continuous space) is presented. The algorithm is based on solving several p -median problems.
Detection of a nerve growth factor receptor on fetal human Schwann cells in culture: absence of the receptor on fetal human astrocytes

Cultures of human Schwann cells and astrocytes were established from fetal nerves and brains respectively. The human Schwann cells in culture expressed a nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, autoradiography, and immunoprecipitation. In contrast, the human astrocytes in culture did not have an NGF receptor. Cultures of rat Schwann cells and astrocytes were also established for comparison, with similar results. The rat Schwann cells had an NGF receptor whereas the astrocytes did not. The functional significance of this NGF receptor on Schwann cells, as well as the lack of the receptor on astrocytes, is discussed.
Selection of atrazine tolerant soybean calli and expression of that tolerance in regenerated plants

Lines of soybean [Glycine max (L.)] tolerant of atrazine were developed by an in vitro and in vivo atrazine challenge. Cotyledonary node plus epicotyl explants from mature germinated seed of soybean introduction PI 438489B were cultured on RV-5 medium containing 48 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/l atrazine for one month. Most of the explants (66%) on medium containing atrazine, and 10% on medium without atrazine died. Explants surviving exposure to atrazine callused and organogenically regenerated shoots developed. Soil around R0 plants regenerated from atrazine tolerant shoots and nonatrazine challenged shoots (controls) were subsequently tested in vivo for atrazine tolerance. All controls died. Seeds were collected from atrazine tolerant R0 plants. Two weeks after planting, emerged R1 seedlings were tested in vivo for atrazine tolerance as the R0 plants were. This procedure was repeated on the R2 plants. All nonatrazine selected control plants died when exposed to this herbicide. Atrazine tolerant R2 plants were maintained in atrazine amended soil and appeared as healthy and vigorous as the control growing in atrazine free soil.
A general approach to the delay analysis of symmetric token ring networks

A novel approach to the delay analysis of various service disciplines in symmetric token ring networks is presented. It is shown that exact or approximate expressions for the average packet delay of different service disciplines can be directly derived by the delay expression of the exhaustive service system. This is accomplished by: (a) inflating, by an appropriate factor, the packet size of the discipline whose performance is analyzed; and (b) using the inflated packet in the delay expression of the exhaustive service system. The proposed method is applied to the limited service and time token systems, and its accuracy is verified by simulation results. Advantages of the method are its higher accuracy over previous analytic methods and its robustness to ring latency and other system parameters. >
Head Direction Cells in Rats with Hippocampal or Overlying Neocortical Lesions: Evidence for Impaired Angular Path Integration

Rodents use two distinct navigation strategies that are based on environmental cues (landmark navigation) or internal cues (path integration). Head direction (HD) cells are neurons that discharge when the animal points its head in a particular direction and are responsive to the same cues that support path integration and landmark navigation. Experiment 1 examined whether HD cells in rats with lesions to the hippocampus plus the overlying neocortex or to just the overlying neocortex could maintain a stable preferred firing direction when the rats locomoted from a familiar to a novel environment, a process thought to require path integration. HD cells from both lesion groups were unable to maintain a similar preferred direction between environments, with cells from hippocampal rats showing larger shifts than cells from rats sustaining only cortical damage. When the rats first explored the novel environment, the preferred directions of the cells drifted for up to 4 min before establishing a consistent firing orientation. The preferred direction was usually maintained during subsequent visits to the novel environment but not across longer time periods (days to weeks). Experiment 2 demonstrated that a novel landmark cue was able to establish control over HD cell preferred directions in rats from both lesion groups, showing that the impairment observed in experiment 1 cannot be attributed to an impairment in establishing cue control. Experiment 3 showed that the preferred direction drifted when HD cells in lesioned animals were recorded in the dark. It was also shown that the anticipatory property of anterodorsal thalamic nucleus HD cells was still present in lesioned animals; thus, this property cannot be attributed to an intact hippocampus. These findings suggest that the hippocampus and the overlying neocortex are involved in path integration mechanisms, which enable an animal to maintain an accurate representation of its directional heading when exploring a novel environment.
THE FIX OF FORM: AN OPEN LETTER

Charlottesville Fin de siecle XXO thou that after toil and storm Mayst seem to have reached a purer air, Whose faith has centre everywhere, Nor cares to fix itself to form, or — as the undersigned trusts to find you still —Dear Reader, THERE WAS A TIME when the New Criticism taught you to pay attention to literary form as the embodied elaboration of meaning. You knew that authors had a design on you, but you learned to bracket questions of intention and affect so as to concentrate on the design itself, where creative purpose got built out in verbal deed. You dealt, by and large, with the concrete particular, anatomizing complexities for the sake of an analytically earned appreciation of distinct instances of formal unity. While every instance was unique, what you found to say about the unity of this poem or that novel did evince a family resemblance among literary works, and among critical interpretations, that linked them to each other and, presumably, to a family of wholesome universals. Or did it just seem to? If you couldn’t be sure then, and can’t be sure now either, that’s because these larger issues were somehow off in the background and beside the point, which was to practice criticism as a cognition of integral form.
Fruit Respiration and Ethylene Production

2. Hinsvark, ?. N., Wittwer, S. H., and Tukey, H. ?. The metabolism of foliar-applied urea. I. Relative rates of C1402 production by certain vegetable plants treated with labelled urea. Plant Physiol. 28: 70-76. 1953. 3. Mathews, M. B. and Vennesland, Birgit. Enzymic oxidation of formic acid. Jour. Biol. Chem. 186: 667-682. 1950. 4. Mosbach, E. H., Phares, E. F., and Carson, S. F. The role of one-carbon compounds in citric acid biosynthesis. Archiv. Biochem. and Biophys. 35: 435-442. 1952. 5. Skipper, H. E., Bryan, C E., White, L., Jr., and Hutchison, O. S. Techniques for in vivo tracer studies with radioactive carbon. Jour. Biol. Chem. 173: 371-381. 1948. 6. Walker, J. B. Arginosuccinic acid from Chlorelh. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. 38: 561-566. 1952.
Monochorionic triplet gestation after in vitro fertilization using donor oocytes: case report and review.

Objective To report on a patient with a monochorionic triamnionic triplet pregnancy after IVF with donor oocytes. Design Case report. Setting Academic tertiary care hospital. Patient(s) A 42-year-old woman who underwent IVF with donor oocytes. Intervention(s) After failed IVF attempts, the patient chose to undergo treatment with donor oocytes. Her 23-year-old oocyte donor underwent standard controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Retrieved oocytes were fertilized in vitro, and two embryos were transferred at the blastocyst stage. Main outcome measure(s) Intrauterine pregnancy with single gestational sac and three fetal poles with cardiac activity. Result(s) After extensive counseling with perinatologists about pregnancy complications, the patient elected to terminate at 10 weeks of gestation. Conclusion(s) Several processes have been suggested to explain the increase in monozygotic twinning after IVF. These factors include advanced maternal age, superovulation, manipulation of the zona pellucida, and prolonged culture. It is possible that other factors may also play a role, especially in high-order monozygotic multiple pregnancies. All patients should be informed of the potential risk of a high-order multiple pregnancy after IVF, even when only one or two embryos are transferred.
Water erosion problems and control on non‐irrigated agricultural lands

The principal types of water erosion on non-irrigated agricultural lands are described. A generalized soil erosion map indicating extent and degree of erosion is presented. Selected summary data on rates of soil loss from 0.01-acre plots in grasses, continuous row crops, and adapted crop rotations are given from nine experiment stations in important farming areas. Factors influencing rates of erosion are enumerated and discussed briefly. The objective of erosion control on agricultural lands is specified and some of the methods and principles of erosion control are listed.
Prolonged isoproterenol infusion impairs the ability of β2-agonists to increase alveolar liquid clearance

We determined if prolonged isoproterenol (Iso) infusion in rats impaired the ability of the β2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline to increase alveolar liquid clearance (ALC). We infused rats with Iso (...
Work disincentives in US disability pension programs

Work helps shape the social role of people with mental illness and may have positive effects on outcome. Employment rates for the mentally ill may be influenced by the general availability of employment, the provision of vocational rehabilitation services and by work disincentives in the disability pension system. In the recent tight labor market of Boulder County, Colorado, the rate of employment of people with psychotic illness has increased to around half of the population. A crucial factor affecting work disincentives appears to be the size of the 'earnings disregard', the amount of earned income which a disabled worker may receive before his/her governmental benefits are reduced or discontinued. Expanding the earnings disregard may help increase employment, decrease poverty and improve outcome for people with psychotic illness.
Motoneuron development influences dorsal root ganglia survival and Schwann cell development in a vertebrate model of spinal muscular atrophy

Low levels of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) cause the disease spinal muscular atrophy. A primary characteristic of this disease is motoneuron dysfunction and paralysis. Understanding why motoneurons are affected by low levels of SMN will lend insight into this disease and to motoneuron biology in general. Motoneurons in zebrafish smn mutants develop abnormally; however, it is unclear where Smn is needed for motoneuron development since it is a ubiquitously expressed protein. We have addressed this issue by expressing human SMN in motoneurons in zebrafish maternal-zygotic (mz) smn mutants. First, we demonstrate that SMN is present in axons, but only during the period of robust motor axon outgrowth. We also conclusively demonstrate that SMN acts cell autonomously in motoneurons for proper motoneuron development. This includes the formation of both axonal and dendritic branches. Analysis of the peripheral nervous system revealed that Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons developed abnormally in mz-smn mutants. Schwann cells did not wrap axons tightly and had expanded nodes of Ranvier. The majority of DRG neurons had abnormally short peripheral axons and later many of them failed to divide and died. Expressing SMN just in motoneurons rescued both of these cell types showing that their failure to develop was secondary to the developmental defects in motoneurons. Driving SMN just in motoneurons did not increase survival of the animal, suggesting that SMN is needed for motoneuron development and motor circuitry, but that SMN in other cells types factors into survival.
Why no Baseball Work Stoppage

The 2002 negotiations between owners and players in major league baseball attracted national attention because of the history of past work stoppages in the sport. This article examines eight reasons why the negotiations successfully avoided a shutdown. Perhaps the most important of these reasons was that the players really did not want to strike— despite their announced intention to do so. The 232-day 1994-95 baseball strike, the longest ever in professional team sports, was devastating to both sides, and neither wanted to go through a similar experience.
Measuring diversity of exposure in Guangzhou's television market

This study applied Napoli's (1997) media diversity model to the study of television audiences in Guangzhou, one of China's largest television markets. An analytical framework was developed to organize the measures of exposure diversity, i.e., audience concentration, fragmentation, polarization, and channel repertoires, based on a secondary analysis of peoplemeter data. The results showed that the degree of audience concentration decreased while the degree of audience fragmentation and polarization increased in the market over the course of the past decade. Most notably, the rapid development of both overseas and local television channels greatly diminished CCTV's market monopoly. Overall, patterns of audience fragmentation and polarization are more limited than analogous audience behavior reported in the West.
P04.03. Primary care providers’ attitudes and beliefs about, and personal use of, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Methods PCPs who referred patients into a research study about asthma self-management, including CAM, completed three surveys. The modified Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire (m-IMAQ) is a 23-item survey that solicits beliefs about CAM and its role in treatment. The 10-item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) asks about CAM attitudes and beliefs not included in the m-IMAQ. Lastly, the 30-item Morehouse College Survey of CAM Practices (MCSCAMP) characterizes PCPs personal CAM use. All subjects received a $100 gift card for participation.
Postoperative irradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: an analysis of treatment results and complications.

One hundred thirty-four patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with radical surgery and postoperative radiation therapy between October 1964 and October 1984. All patients had greater than or equal to 2 years and 84% had greater than or equal to 5 years of follow-up. All patients included in the study were scheduled to receive continuous-course irradiation following a major cancer operation for previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx and began radiation treatment less than or equal to 3 months after the surgical procedure. Ninety-six percent had AJCC pathologic Stage III or IV cancer, and all were without evidence of gross disease at the start of irradiation. The majority of recurrences above the clavicles occurred in the primary field (84%) as opposed to the posterior strip (8%) or low neck (8%). Based on multivariate analysis and tabular comparisons, 4 factors were found to be significantly important for predicting disease control above the clavicles: (a) Surgical margin (5-year actuarial control with invasive cancer at the margin, 53%, versus 81% with negative margins, p = .009). Patients with close margins or in situ cancer at the margins had the same rate of control as those with negative margins. (b) Primary site (oral cavity, 64%, versus other sites, 83%; p = .029). (c) Neck Stage (N0-1 versus N2-3). (d) Number of indications for irradiation--for example, bone invasion, multiple positive nodes, perineural invasion (1-3 indications, 85%, versus greater than or equal to 4, 62%; p = .06). The rate of disease control above the clavicles did not correlate well with AJCC pathologic stage: Stage I-II, 67%; Stage III, 81%; Stage IVA (T1-3, N2-3A), 68%; Stage IVB (T4 and/or N3B), 80%. The interval between surgery and the start of irradiation (range 1-10 weeks) also was not prognostically important, even with stratification by tumor dose, surgical margin, and number of indications for irradiation. At 5 years, the actuarial survival rate was 33% for the entire group; for patients with invasive cancer at the margin, the survival rate was approximately half that of those whose margins were free of invasive cancer (17% versus 37%). Based on multivariate analysis, 2 factors were found to significantly increase the probability of death due to cancer: (a) neck Stage (N0-1 versus N2-3); (b) extension of tumor from the primary site into the skin or soft tissues of the neck.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
No-Power MEMS Devices Using Buckled Diaphragms and Engineered Stress

Bi-stable mechanical actuators are of great interest and have begun to appear in the literature in the form of MEMS-based switches, micro-valves, micro-pumps, and mechanical memory devices. Numerous methods for fabricating bi-stable beams and bi-stable diaphragms have been previously reported with electrostatic, pneumatic, magnetic and thermal actuation methods. In this paper, we propose a new technique for fabricating bi-stable diaphragms using a combination of polyimide and oxide compressive stresses and use this as the basic building block for a "Buckle-MEMS no-power" vacuum switch.
Real-time digital video stabilization for multi-media applications

Amateur digital video footage, shot with a hand-held camera, is characterized by visually annoying, jerky movement between successive frames. In this paper a fast and robust image stabilization technique is presented to remove the effects of unwanted camera motion while not effecting true pans or zooms. Unlike other image stabilization techniques, which are typically used as a pre-processing step to more complicated image processing operations, the proposed technique is specifically aimed at providing "visually jerk-free video" for consumer viewing. Empirical evidence suggested that a simple global translational model for each pair of successive images followed by local integration of cumulative motion is sufficient for this purpose. We use a novel technique to estimate the translational motion model which reduces the total computational burden to less than 1 computation/pixel, while providing robust jerk elimination, thus making real-time operation possible on most PC/UNIX platforms. Tests with a number of video sequences have shown the efficacy of the proposed method.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Personal Response System in the Classroom

We evaluated the effectiveness of the use of an electronic personal response system (or “clickers”) during an introductory psychology lecture on perceptual constancy. We graphed and projected student responses to questions during the lecture onto a large-screen display in Microsoft PowerPoint. The distributions of answers corresponded well to results found in the literature. Students rated the lecture as more interactive, interesting, and entertaining. Students in the clicker lecture also performed significantly better on exam questions concerning the lecture compared to another group of students who did not use the clickers.
Jejunal Trauma Following Perfusion of the Small Intestine in Nontropical Sprue

Summary Evidence of trauma to the jejunum occurred after small bowel perfusion studies in 2 patients with nontropical sprue. No complications followed the procedure in 115 healthy volunteers or patients with other diseases. Likely causes of trauma involved in the method are reviewed, and the susceptibility of patients with nontropical sprue to complications is considered.
Sexually dimorphic activation of galanin neurones in the Ferret's dorsomedial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus after mating

Male ferrets in breeding condition possess three times as many galanin-immunoreactive (IR) neurones as oestrous females in the sexually dimorphic dorsomedial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (dmPOA/AH). Using Fos-IR as a marker of activation, we investigated whether mating with intromission differentially activates this sexually dimorphic group of galanin-IR neurones in male and female ferrets. Male ferrets that intromitted had a significantly greater percentage of galanin-IR neurones in the dmPOA/AH that were colabelled with nuclear Fos-IR than oestrous females that received an intromission. Intromissive stimulation augmented Fos-IR in an equal percentage of galanin-IR neurones in both sexes in the medial amygdala (MA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Peripheral anosmia induced by bilateral occlusion of males' nares did not reduce the mating-induced activation of galanin-IR neurones in the dmPOA/AH, and there was a significant correlation among individual males between intromission duration and the percentage of dmPOA/AH galanin-IR neurones colabelled with Fos-IR. Exposure of castrated, testosterone propionate-treated male ferrets to either soiled bedding or to volatile odours from oestrous females failed to induce nuclear Fos-IR in galanin-IR neurones located in the dmPOA/AH, BNST or MA, suggesting that the mating-induced activation of galanin-IR forebrain neurones in male ferrets depends more on genital-somatosensory than on olfactory inputs. The observed sex dimorphism in the mating-induced activation of galanin-IR neurones in the dmPOA/AH raises the possibility that these neurones perform a mating-dependent function that occurs only in males.
Associação entre rendimento escolar e indicadores de eficiência de professores: o caso de Brasília e cidades satélites.

Duzentos e cinquenta professores e 2.500 alunos de escolas publicas e particulares de Brasilia e cidades satelites foram testados quanto a eficiencia docente e desempenho academico do alunado. Caracteristicas de professores, tais como, educabilidade, interesse cultural e experiencia, compuseram um indice de eficiencia profissional, que foi correlacionado com desempenho academico dos alunos e categorizado por localizacao geografica (Brasilia e cidades satelites) e dependencia administrativa (escolas publicas e particulares). O objetivo do estudo foi medir o grau de eficiencia dos professores, bem como comparar os dois estratos geograficos e dois tipos de escola. Os resultados mostraram (1) que existe associacao significativa entre rendimento escolar das criancas e eficiencia dos professores; (2) que estudantes e professores das escolas particulares tiveram escores mais altos que os das escolas publicas, nas variaveis de interesse e (3) que os corpos docente e discente de Brasilia superaram os das cidades satelites em eficiencia docente e desempenho discente.