cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seminar in Reproductive Immunology: Sequential Activation of V Genes During Postnatal Life

The BALB/c mouse strain represents an excellent model for studying the activation of V genes, because several myeloma proteins share the cross-reactive idiotype with antipolysaccharide antibodies of the same antigenic specificity. In addition, the majority of these antipolysaccharide antibody responses are independent of T help and, therefore, the maturation of helper T cells does not play a role in the study of these responses. Our results, as well as those obtained by other investigators, have shown that immunization of 1-day-old mice elicits an anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan, 384Id anti-S tranaroa LPS, and X24IdX and X24IdI antigalactan response. T15Id+ phosphocholine, IdX+ anti-Ars, and 460Id+ anti-TNP (in response to immunization with TNP-LPS and TNP-Levan) antibody responses can be induced only in 6-to 8-day-old mice. One can obtain 2.4 SSSIII Id+ of anti-SSSIII and 347Id+ antiflagellin antibody responses only in 2-week-old mice. In 4-week-old mice IdX+ anti-beta 2 leads to 1 fructosan was elicited, and QPC52IdX+ anti-alpha 1-6 dextran in 3-month-old mice. These observations suggest a sequential activation of V genes during postnatal life. The theoretical and practical implications of these observations are discussed.
Controlling Unsteady Separation on a Cylinder with a Driven Flexible Wall

A driven flexible wall consisting of an array of strip-shaped capacitive transducers is used to defer unsteady flow separation over a circular cylinder. The transducer elements, according to the need for detection and control of separation, are employed as wall pressure fluctuation sensors and vibrating-wall actuators. The spectrum of wall pressure fluctuations, sensed by a transducer element immediately upstream of the separation point, displays a dominant instability frequency. This frequency is believed to correspond to flow unsteadiness resulting from a passive interaction of the separating flow with the flexible wall. Actuation at this sensed frequency produces submicron-level vibration amplitudes of the wall normal to the boundary-layer flow. The mean separation point on the cylinder could be moved farther downstream by driving transducer elements slightly upstream of the sensing location. The control was effective at a frequency of 2.25 kHz for untripped and tripped boundary layers in the Reynolds number range from 1.2 X 10 5 to 1.5 X 10 5
A Case of Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation in a Patient with Situs Ambiguous: Anatomical and Radiological Considerations

Pancreatic islet cell transplantation is an evolving treatment of severe, refractory type 1 diabetes that has been gaining more use, particularly after one year rates of insulin independence post-transplantation were found to approach 80% under the Edmonton protocol. Islet cell transplantation involves percutaneous delivery of harvested allogeneic β cells into the portal venous circulation for implantation into the liver. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes and situs ambiguous with left isomerism and resultant variant anatomy of her portal venous anatomy who underwent islet cell transplantation, which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported.
Descending thoracic aorta-to-iliofemoral artery bypass as an alternative to aortoiliac reconstruction

During the last 3 decades subcutaneous extraanatomic bypass, despite its limited durability, has been the favored alternative to infrarenal aortofemoral bypass. Meanwhile, the descending thoracic aorta has been scarcely used as an inflow source for aortoiliac reconstruction. Over the past 8 years we performed 16 bypasses from the descending thoracic aorta to the iliofemoral vessels for occlusive disease. Our experience combined with that found in the English-language literature totaled 141 patients. In 79 patients (56%) the indication for surgery was failure or infection of an abdominal aortofemoral graft. Previous abdominal operations, sepsis, radiation therapy, the presence of abdominal stomas, or an unsuitable infrarenal aorta were the indications in the remaining cases. The combined operative mortality rate was 6.4%. The life-table primary graft patency was 98% at 1 year, 88% at 2 years, and 70.4% at 5 years. Bypass from the descending thoracic aorta to the iliofemoral artery uses an inflow source superior to other extraanatomic reconstructions, does not require aortic cross-clamping, avoids the abdominal cavity, and places the graft remote to the skin and intestine. The operative mortality and patency rates compare favorably to those of other extraanatomic or remedial aortic reconstructions. Descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass is a superb alternative to abdominal aortofemoral bypass, carries a low mortality rate, has an excellent short-term patency, and features unique characteristics for long-term durability.
Family Structure and Child Abuse

Knowledge of the characteristics of family structure may be helpful to the pediatrician for predicting child abuse. During the past several decades progressive shifts from the classic family unit of two biological parents and their children to a variety of parental living arrangements have occurred. Most notable are the increases in teenage pregnancies, unmarried motherhood, divorce rates approximating 50% of marriage rates, and frequency of unrelated surrogate parents, most often male, cohabitating in the home. In these settings, identifiable characteristics of the mother, the father or surrogate, the child, the family history, and the immediate neighborhood of the family have been associated with a greater likelihood of child and/or spousal abuse. The accumulated information may be used for preventative intervention.
Hippocampal granule neuron production and population size are regulated by levels of bFGF

Numerous studies of the proliferative effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in culture, including neonatal and adult hippocampal precursors, suggest that the factor plays a ubiquitous and life-long role in neurogenesis. In contrast, in vivo, bFGF is devoid of effects on neurons in mature hippocampus, raising the possibility that bFGF exhibits developmental stage-specific activity in the complex animal environment. To define neurogenetic effects in the newborn, a single subcutaneous injection of bFGF (20 ng/gm) was administered to postnatal day 1 (P1) rats, and hippocampal DNA content was quantified: bFGF elicited an increase in total DNA throughout adulthood, by 48% at P4, 25% at P22, and 17% at P180, suggesting that bFGF increases hippocampal cell number. To define mechanisms, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected at P1 and mitotically labelled cells were assessed at P22: there was a twofold increase in BrdU-positive cells in the dentate granule cell layer (GCL), indicating that bFGF enhanced the generation of neurons, or neuronogenesis, from a cohort of precursors. Moreover, enhanced mitosis and survival led to a 33% increase in absolute GCL neuron number, suggesting that neuron production depends on environmental levels of bFGF. To evaluate this possibility, bFGF-knockout mice were analyzed: hippocampal DNA content was decreased at all ages examined (P3, -42%; P21, -28%; P360, -18%), and total GCL neuron and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cell number were decreased by 30%, indicating that bFGF is necessary for normal hippocampal neurogenesis. We conclude that environmental levels of bFGF regulate neonatal hippocampal neurogenesis. As adult hippocampal neuronogenesis was unresponsive to bFGF manipulation in our previous study [Wagner, J.P., Black, I.B. & DiCicco-Bloom, E. (1999) J. Neurosci., 19, 6006], these observations suggest distinct, stage-specific roles of bFGF in the dentate gyrus granule cell lineage.
Development of a marine geographic information system for various data analysis and data integration in the Hawaiian exclusive economic zone

The use of geographic information system (GIS) grew rapidly in the 1980s. Despite its popularity in land-based applications GIS has been modestly used in oceanographic applications. The increased attention to global environmental change and marine resource management are creating awareness of the potential of this technology for marine data analysis and data integration. This article investigates the feasibility of creating an efficient GIS model for various types of marine data (bathymetry, gravity, magnetic) collected by numerous national and international institutions over the past several decades in the Hawaiian EEZ. Till now only a small percentage of the Hawaiian EEZ has been mapped. The gap in one kind of data can be filled by other kind of data for an area if one can integrate different types of data. In some areas the authors can compute bathymetry within the acceptable error range where only shipboard gravity data are available and vice versa. These data were collected by different instruments and so have different resolutions and accuracies. The authors' GIS model can meet the requirements of data cataloguing, and archiving, data analysis, data integration and efficient data display and mapping.
Overtreating Chronic Back Pain: Time to Back Off?

Chronic back pain is among the most common patient complaints. Its prevalence and impact have spawned a rapidly expanding range of tests and treatments. Some of these have become widely used for indications that are not well validated, leading to uncertainty about efficacy and safety, increasing complication rates, and marketing abuses. Recent studies document a 629% increase in Medicare expenditures for epidural steroid injections; a 423% increase in expenditures for opioids for back pain; a 307% increase in the number of lumbar magnetic resonance images among Medicare beneficiaries; and a 220% increase in spinal fusion surgery rates. The limited studies available suggest that these increases have not been accompanied by population-level improvements in patient outcomes or disability rates. We suggest a need for a better understanding of the basic science of pain mechanisms, more rigorous and independent trials of many treatments, a stronger regulatory stance toward approval and post-marketing surveillance of new drugs and devices for chronic pain, and a chronic disease model for managing chronic back pain.
Automatic target recognition using enhanced resolution SAR data

Using advanced technology, a new automatic target recognition (ATR) system has been developed that provides significantly improved target recognition performance compared with ATR systems that use conventional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image-processing techniques. This significant improvement in target recognition performance is achieved by using a new superresolution image-processing technique that enhances SAR image resolution (and image quality) prior to performing target recognition. A computationally efficient two-level implementation of a template-based classifier is used to perform target recognition. The improvement in target recognition performance achieved using superresolution image processing in this new ATR system is quantified.
Astrophysics with Closure Phases

After a brief introduction, this contribution will discuss practical strategies to exploit the unique science potential of closure phases in optical interferometry, especially in the case of only three telescopes when direct imaging is near-impossible. Prototype source morphologies will be investigated in detail (binary and "dust shell + star"), and will illustrate how closure phase measurements can be used both for "Precision Interferometry" as well as qualitatively new probes of circumstellar environments. During this meeting, the notion of a "Closure Differential Phase" came to light, and some interesting properties of this quantity are here introduced.
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in critically ill neonatal foals treated for presumed or confirmed sepsis

Fourteen foals less than four days of age were treated with the aminoglycoside, amikacin sulphate, and either penicillin or ampicillin for septicaemia, pneumonia, and/or failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer. Serum amikacin concentrations were determined at three times during an 8 or 12 h dosing interval. A 7.0 mg/kg bodyweight dose of amikacin every 8 h was appropriate. Prematurity did not influence mortality. All seven premature foals survived, whereas four of the seven full term foals died. Uraemia in three foals was caused by urinary bladder rupture; amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity was not recognised by clinical chemistries (elevations in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen concentrations) or post-mortem findings.
Energy changes by a variation from the crystallographic group

The purpose of the paper may be briefly stated as follows: To investigate the possibility of energy minima by a systematic departure from the perfectly symmetrical crystalline lattice. A geometrically simple variation is considered. The surface (100-plane) of a heteropolar crystal of the face-centered type is contracted uniformly in patches, and the interior planes are likewise contracted in patches by amounts decreasing linearly with the distance from the surface. In this way a "mosaic" structure of a type previously suggested in the literature1 is obtained. A numerical calculation of the change in potential energy is carried out for rock-salt with certain simplifying assumptions. The change in energy is obtained as a power series in terms of the maximum displacement of the ions. Due to the slow convergence of this alternating series an approximate remainder term is introduced to take care of powers higher than the third. The series contains two parameters, namely the linear extension of the patches and the depth of the cracks. The function, in general, is found to have two minima with respect to the displacement of the ions, one at zero displacement, and a second at a finite displacement. The second minimum, depending on the parameters, may be negative with respect to the former. The function also has minima with respect to the two parameters, thus proving the static stability of a mosaic structure of definite dimensions. These considerations with only minor changes, are also applicable to a mosaic structure in the interior of the crystal.
An Examination of the Technique of Interpretation in Counseling

Perceptions of the value and application of interpretation in counseling vary widely among researchers and practitioners. An exploration of the use of interpretation in counseling often presents contradictory opinion and data. Relating counseling theories, propositional and semantic aspects, and attributional theory to interpretation assists in clarifying the nature of the technique.
Electron irradiation of crystalline and amorphous D2O ice

We studied the electron irradiation of crystalline and amorphous deuterated water ices at 12 K. The experiments show that molecular deuterium (D2), molecular oxygen (O2), and Hydrogen peroxide (D2O2) were produced inside the irradiated ice samples. A quantitative comparison of crystalline and amorphous ice samples showed that the production rates of D2 ,O 2 and D2O2 in amorphous ices are systematically higher than those in crystalline samples. Reaction mechanisms and astrophysical implications are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V.
International efforts in cancer pain relief

Objectives: To provide a review of the problem of cancer pain and cancer pain management around the world. Data sources: Review articles, World Health Organization reports, guidelines, and personal experience relating to international efforts in the relief of cancer pain. Conclusions: Cancer pain is a worldwide problem that is not even addressed in most countries of the world because of limited options for cancer treatment and scare resources. Yet pain relief for many patients is possible in developing countries with international assistance and support. Implications for nursing practice: Oncology nurses have the ability to advocate for the needs of patients with cancer throughout the world. Oncology nurses can work with nurses in developing countries to enhance pain management through support of existing programs, serving as volunteers, and recruitment of resources to assist nurses in these countries.
Using spatial representations in gesture to facilitate early word learning: A priming process model

As children learn to speak, they also gesture; previous empirical work has suggested that there is a direct link between the two. In this paper, we propose a priming process model that uses gesture to facilitate language. Our model uses the ACT-R/E cognitive architecture and uses a combination of repetition naming and priming from gesture spatial representations to increase the probability that a word will be remembered. Our model simulates 11 months of learning and runs on an embodied platform.
The Points Of Language.

Signed languages display a variety of pointing signs that serve the functions of deictic and anaphoric pronouns, possessive and ref lexive pronouns, demonstratives, locatives, determiners, body part labels, and verb agreement. We consider criteria for determining the linguistic status of pointing signs. Among those criteria are conventionality, indexicality, phonological compositionality, being subject to grammatical constraints, and marking the kinds of grammatical distinctions expected of pronouns. We conclude that first-person points meet all these proposed criteria, but that nonfirst person points are in part gestural. Lastly, we review evidence for the grammaticization over time of systems of pointing signs within signed languages.
A Search for High-Energy γ-RAYS from Pulsars

The 10-m optical reflector at Mt. Hopkins, Ariz., was used to search for cosmic γ radiation from pulsars by detection of atmospheric Cerenkov light generated by energetic particle showers. In the energy region of 1011–1012 eV, no evidence of pulsed γ-ray emission was found from either NP0532 (Crab Nebula) or CP1133.
Conrad and Impressionism: Subject/object: science and the epistemological origins of literary impressionism

“Life and the arts follow dark courses, and will not turn aside to the brilliant arc-lights of science.” “The Ascending Effort” “The fetish of today is neither royalty nor religion … The sacro-sanct fetish of to-day is science,” Mr. Vladimir confidently asserts early in The Secret Agent (SA 29). Later, Ossipon concurs: “Science reigns already. It reigns in the shade maybe – but it reigns” ( SA 227). During the nineteenth century, science achieved a privileged position in the western world. For many, it seemed to provide a certainty unavailable elsewhere. Science yielded “facts”: information believed to be objectively verifiable and hence true. Science and scientific methodology also provided the backdrop for many of the revolutionary challenges to conventional thinking that arose during the century. Through the work of Charles Lyell, Charles Darwin, and others, developments in geology, biology, and other scientific disciplines challenged long-held social beliefs concerning the nature of the Earth and the nature of humanity. Other thinkers made equally challenging assertions. In the hands of Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill, and those who followed them, such as Herbert Spencer, Cesare Lombroso, Hippolyte Taine, Ernest Renan, G. H. Lewes, Emile Durkheim, Leslie Stephen, and numerous others, this new view of the power of science evolved into scientific positivism, a movement based upon the belief that all knowledge could be obtained through scientific methodology. Following in the wake of science, some disciplines adopted scientific methodology, while others were either influenced by it or reacted against it.
From one to many: expanding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference genome panel

In recent years, thousands of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes have been sequenced to varying degrees of completion. The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) has long been the keeper of the original eukaryotic reference genome sequence, which was derived primarily from S. cerevisiae strain S288C. Because new technologies are pushing S. cerevisiae annotation past the limits of any system based exclusively on a single reference sequence, SGD is actively working to expand the original S. cerevisiae systematic reference sequence from a single genome to a multi-genome reference panel. We first commissioned the sequencing of additional genomes and their automated analysis using the AGAPE pipeline. Here we describe our curation strategy to produce manually reviewed high-quality genome annotations in order to elevate 11 of these additional genomes to Reference status. Database URL: http://www.yeastgenome.org/
A History of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)

Abstract The combination of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry originally required the use of molecular separators to interface the two instruments to transfer more of the analyte from the chromatographic eluate into the mass spectrometer ion source. The various molecular separators used for this purpose are described. With the development of chromatographic columns operating at significantly lower mass flow rates, such interface devices are no longer needed.
Gender differences in responses to cues presented in the natural environment of cigarette smokers.

Introduction Although the evidence is mixed, female smokers appear to have more difficulty quitting smoking than male smokers. Craving, stress, and negative affect have been hypothesized as potential factors underlying gender differences in quit rates. Methods In the current study, the cue-reactivity paradigm was used to assess craving, stress, and negative affect in response to cues presented in the natural environment of cigarette smokers using ecological momentary assessment. Seventy-six daily smokers (42% female) responded to photographs (smoking, stress, and neutral) presented 4 times per day on an iPhone over the course of 2 weeks. Results Both smoking and stress cues elicited stronger cigarette craving and stress responses compared to neutral cues. Compared with males, females reported higher levels of post-stress cue craving, stress, and negative affect, but response to smoking cues did not differ by gender. Discussion Findings from this project were largely consistent with results from laboratory-based research and extend previous work by measuring response to cues in the natural environment of cigarette smokers. This study extends previous cue reactivity ecological momentary assessment research by using a new platform and by measuring response to stress cues outside of the laboratory. Findings from this project highlight the importance of addressing coping in response to stress cues in clinical settings, especially when working with female smokers.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Hispanic Adolescents in South Texas.

OBJECTIVES Despite a national crisis of increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents, especially among Hispanics, there is a paucity of data on health indicators among farmworker adolescents and their peers. The main aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a population of Hispanic adolescent students in south Texas. The study also aimed to compare the prevalence of these risk factors between students enrolled in the Migrant Education Program (MEP) and other students, and between boys and girls. METHODS In partnership with the Weslaco (Texas) Independent School District and the Migrant Education Department, a cohort study was conducted from 2007 to 2010 to estimate the prevalence of overall obesity (body mass index ≥85th percentile for age and sex), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥75th percentile for age, sex, and ethnicity), acanthosis nigricans (AN), and high blood pressure (HBP; ≥90th percentile for age, height, and sex or systolic/diastolic BP ≥120/80 mm Hg) among MEP students compared with other students from two south Texas high schools. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the relation between sex and our main outcomes of interest while accounting for within-school nesting of participants. RESULTS Among 628 sampled students, 508 (80.9%) completed the consent procedure and participated in the study. Of these, 257 were MEP students and 251 were non-MEP peers. Approximately 96.7% of participants were Hispanic and 50.0% were boys. Analyses of data across the years comparing MEP students and non-MEP students show an average prevalence of 44.8% versus 47.7% for overall obesity, 43.2% versus 43.7% for abdominal obesity, 24.7% versus 24.7% for AN, and 29.2% versus 32.8% for HBP. Across recruitment and follow-up years, the prevalence of overall obesity, abdominal obesity, and HBP was 1.3 to 1.5, 1.2 to 1.8, and 2.9 to 4.6 times higher in boys than in girls, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of AN varied little by sex. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in both groups suggests a compelling need for comprehensive, culturally targeted interventions to prevent future cardiovascular diseases in these high-risk Hispanic adolescents, especially among boys. There were not, however, substantial differences between MEP students and other students. These findings also support the feasibility of conducting future epidemiologic studies among adolescent farmworkers and their families, as well as culturally appropriate school or community-based interventions.
Regulation of ALIX during Exocytic Vesicle Release and Assembly of ESCRT Proteins on the Plasma Membrane

Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are protein complexes that facilitate the release of budding vesicles into extracellular environment. ESCRTs are essential in most cellular processes requiring fission of budding membrane, including multi-vesicular body formation, envelope virus release, and exosome release. During HIV-1 budding, HIV-1 Gag assembles on the plasma membrane and drives the outward deformation of the membrane toward forming vesicles. HIV-1 virus like particles (VLPs) can be generated by expressing Gag alone in the cytosol, these VLPs are consistent of ∼2000 copies of Gag and form vesicles with an average diameter of 120 nanometers and their assembly on the plasma membrane take ∼20-30 minutes. HIV-1 utilizes ESCRTs extensively for the release of progeny virions into extracellular space and VLPs serve as a good model system for studying ESCRT recruitment on the plasma membrane. Gag has two late domain motifs which interact with TSG101 and ALIX, two of the early ESCRT components. Given the stoichiometry of Gag and its steady accumulation in the forming VLPs, it has been expected that ALIX would be recruited into the forming VLPs along with Gag during the assembly. Using live imaging to observe real time assembly of VLPs in the presence of fluorescently tagged ALIX proteins, we have observed that ALIX is recruited transiently at the end of Gag assembly and is mostly recycled after VLPs release. This observation implies high spatial and temporal regulation for recruitment of ALIX during budding. We have further dissected the essential interactions that govern ALIX recruitment, showed the interaction of ALIX Bro1 domain with CHMP4 is critical for recruitment of ALIX and proposed the emerging regulatory mechanism essential for recruitment of ALIX to the plasma membrane during vesicle budding.
On-Line Characterization Methods

Increasing demands on product quality and constancy (i.e. the repeatability of product properties within narrow specifications for certain applications) require increasing efforts to characterize the final products as well as to control the processes for making them. Reaction control strategies rely on both efficient monitoring methods and state estimation and filtering techniques. The latter techniques as well as multivariable statistics and expert systems are beyond the scope of the present paper. The main focus is on the physical aspects of instrumentation for reaction monitoring.
Ecgþeow, Brother of Ongenþeow, and the Problem of Beowulf’s Swedishness

This article addresses the ambiguous tribal identity of Ecgþeow in Beowulf, ultimately arguing that Ecgþeow is a Swede, a Scylfing (that is, a member of the Swedish ruling family), and indeed is likely the younger brother of the Swedish king Ongenþeow. The article reviews the (often sparse) existing arguments on the matter and pushes these arguments further, taking into consideration such evidence as Anglo-Saxon naming conventions, the poem’s treatment of marriages between feuding families, and our understanding of succession in the poem. It goes on to illustrate the ways in which this reading can shed light on some of the murkier diplomatic events of the poem in the complex relationship between the Geats and the Swedes, such as Onela’s permitting Beowulf to become king of the Geats and Heardred’s sheltering of Eadgils and Eanmund. The article also addresses the effect achieved by leaving this identity unstated in the poem, particularly for an audience to whom such an identification may not have been so difficult to make.
Nutrition in the Post-surgical Patient: Myths and Misconceptions

Despite the large body of evidence supporting adequate early enteral nutrition (EN) in surgical patients, iatrogenic underfeeding is common. Myths and misconceptions persist and patients may receive suboptimal nutritional therapy as a result of outdated or uninformed practices. EN is safe and potentially beneficial in patients requiring vasopressor support. Early feeding proximal to a “fresh” anastomosis is safe. Routine monitoring of gastric residual volume (GRV) for tube feeding intolerance is no longer recommended, and routine post-pyloric feeding in patients without evidence of impaired gastric emptying does not lower the risk of aspiration. Awaiting the return of flatus before initiating post-operative feeding is not required. Albumin is not an accurate marker of nutritional adequacy in the hospital setting. Permissive underfeeding may not be beneficial for malnourished surgical patients. This article addresses myths and misconceptions of enteral nutrition in surgical patients.
Asymmetric TDP pathology in primary progressive aphasia with right hemisphere language dominance.

Objective To quantitatively examine the regional densities and hemispheric distribution of the 43-kDa transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) inclusions, neurons, and activated microglia in a left-handed patient with right hemisphere language dominance and logopenic-variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Methods Phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions, neurons, and activated microglia were visualized with immunohistochemical and histologic methods. Markers were quantified bilaterally with unbiased stereology in language- and memory-related cortical regions. Results Clinical MRI indicated cortical atrophy in the right hemisphere, mostly in the temporal lobe. Significantly higher densities of TDP-43 inclusions were present in right language-related temporal regions compared to the left or to other right hemisphere regions. The memory-related entorhinal cortex (ERC) and language regions without significant atrophy showed no asymmetry. Activated microglia displayed extensive asymmetry (R > L). A substantial density of neurons remained in all areas and showed no hemispheric asymmetry. However, perikaryal size was significantly smaller in the right hemisphere across all regions except the ERC. To demonstrate the specificity of this finding, sizes of residual neurons were measured in a right-handed case with PPA and were found to be smaller in the language-dominant left hemisphere. Conclusions The distribution of TDP-43 inclusions and microglial activation in right temporal language regions showed concordance with anatomic distribution of cortical atrophy and clinical presentation. The results revealed no direct relationship between density of TDP-43 inclusions and activated microglia. Reduced size of the remaining neurons is likely to contribute to cortical atrophy detected by MRI. These findings support the conclusion that there is no obligatory relationship between logopenic PPA and Alzheimer pathology.
Enabling slotted Aloha-NOMA for massive M2M communication in IoT networks

The Internet of things (IoT), which is the network of physical devices embedded with sensors, actuators, and connectivity, is being accelerated into the mainstream by the emergence of 5G wireless networking. This paper presents an uncoordinated non-orthogonal random access protocol, which is an enhancement to the recently introduced Slotted Aloha-NOMA (SAN) protocol that provides high throughput, while being matched to the low complexity requirements and the sporadic traffic pattern of IoT devices. Under ideal conditions it has been shown that Slotted Aloha-NOMA (SAN), using power-domain orthogonality, can significantly increase the throughput using SIC (Successive Interference Cancellation) to enable correct reception of multiple simultaneous transmitted signals. For this ideal performance, the enhanced SAN receiver adaptively learns the number of active devices (which is not known a priori) using a form of multi-hypothesis testing. For small numbers of simultaneous transmissions, it is shown that there can be substantial throughput gain of 5.5 dB relative to slotted Aloha (SA) for 0.07 probability of transmission and up to 3 active transmitters.
Time and Timelessness in Biological Clocks

My purpose in this paper is to tell a bit about the rephasing of physiological rhythms. The bit I choose to emphasize is the pattern of rephasing as a function of both when in the cycle you disturb a rhythm, and how hard you hit it. Such a pattern of response tells you
HIP: Information Passing for Optimizing Join-Intensive Data Processing Workloads on Hadoop

Hadoop-based data processing platforms translate join intensive queries into multiple “jobs” (MapReduce cycles). Such multi-job workflows lead to a significant amount of data movement through the disk, network and memory fabric of a Hadoop cluster which could negatively impact performance and scalability. Consequently, techniques that minimize sizes of intermediate results will be useful in this context. In this paper, we present an information passing technique (HIP) that can minimize the size of intermediate data on Hadoop-based data processing platforms.
Anhedonia and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in psychiatric outpatients: The role of acuity.

Background Anhedonia-impairment related to the experience of pleasure-has been identified as a potential risk factor for suicide, with some mixed findings. The current study sought to clarify the role of acuity of anhedonia in the relationship between anhedonia and suicidal thoughts and behaviors by comparing acutely and chronically anhedonic subjects on severity of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) history. Methods Psychiatric outpatients (N = 395) were administered the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation and a modified version of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHPS); SI measures were readministered at a 1-month follow-up (N = 289, 73%). Participants were classified as acutely anhedonic, chronically anhedonic and nonanhedonic based on their responses to the SHPS at initial assessment. Results Controlling for symptoms of anxiety and depression, acute anhedonia was cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with greater severity of SI compared to the nonanhedonic group; no differences in severity of SI were found between the chronically anhedonic and nonanhedonic group at either time point. Anhedonia grouping was not associated with SA history. Conclusion Changes in capacity to experience pleasure may be more informative of near-term SI than typically low pleasure levels. Future investigation should focus on the relationship between acute anhedonia and imminent suicidal behavior.
Cortical GABAergic Dysfunction in Stress and Depression: New Insights for Therapeutic Interventions

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness characterized by neuroanatomical and functional alterations in limbic structures, notably the prefrontal cortex (PFC), that can be precipitated by exposure to chronic stress. For decades, the monoaminergic deficit hypothesis of depression provided the conceptual framework to understand the pathophysiology of MDD. However, accumulating evidence suggests that MDD and chronic stress are associated with an imbalance of excitation-inhibition (E:I) within the PFC, generated by a deficit of inhibitory synaptic transmission onto principal glutamatergic neurons. MDD patients and chronically stressed animals show a reduction in GABA and GAD67 levels in the brain, decreased expression of GABAergic interneuron markers, and alterations in GABAA and GABAB receptor levels. Moreover, genetically modified animals with deletion of specific GABA receptors subunits or interneuron function show depressive-like behaviors. Here, we provide further evidence supporting the role of cortical GABAergic interneurons, mainly somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing cells, required for the optimal E:I balance in the PFC and discuss how the malfunction of these cells can result in depression-related behaviors. Finally, considering the relatively low efficacy of current available medications, we review new fast-acting pharmacological approaches that target the GABAergic system to treat MDD. We conclude that deficits in cortical inhibitory neurotransmission and interneuron function resulting from chronic stress exposure can compromise the integrity of neurocircuits and result in the development of MDD and other stress-related disorders. Drugs that can establish a new E:I balance in the PFC by targeting the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems show promising as fast-acting antidepressants and represent breakthrough strategies for the treatment of depression.
Approach to Assessing the Potential Effects of Colloidal Radionuclide Transport on Nuclear Waste Repository Performance

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is independently evaluating technical issues such as colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport in preparation for reviewing an anticipated license appl...
“Dear Future President of the United States”: Analyzing Youth Civic Writing Within the 2016 Letters to the Next President Project:

This article investigates the civic writing practices of more than 11,000 students writing letters to the next president in the lead up to the 2016 U.S. election. We analyze how letter topics are a...
Sources of variation in weaned age among wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania

Objectives A key feature of human life history evolution is that modern humans wean their infants 2-4 years earlier on average than African apes. However, our understanding of weaning variation in apes remains limited. Here we provide the first such report in chimpanzees by examining weaned age variation using long-term data from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Material and methods We analyzed 41 years of observational behavioral data from 65 offspring of 29 mothers to examine the relationships between weaned age (defined as cessation of suckling) in wild chimpanzees and maternal age, dominance rank and parity, and offspring sex. We used Cox proportional hazards regression with mixed effects to model time to weaning and to examine potential sources of variation in offspring weaned age. Results We found that male offspring were less likely than female offspring to wean by a given age and that weaned age of males varied more than weaned age of females. In addition, maternal dominance rank interacted with offspring age, such that low-ranking mothers were less likely to wean offspring early, but this effect decreased with offspring age. Discussion We found that male offspring and offspring of low-ranking females were less likely to wean early, but did not find evidence for variable weaning according to maternal age or parity. As more data accumulate, we will be better able to disentangle the effects of maternal dominance rank, age and parity. Such studies will not only provide a richer understanding of living ape life history characteristics, but will also provide an important framework for understanding the evolution of early weaning in humans.
Extracting Enzyme Processivity from Kinetic Assays

A steady-state analysis for the catalytic turnover of molecules containing two substrate sites is presented. A broad class of Markovian dynamic models, motivated by the action of DNA modifying enzymes and the rich variety of translocation mechanisms associated with these systems (e.g. sliding, hopping, intersegmental transfer, etc.), is considered. The modeling suggests an elementary and general method of data analysis, which enables the extraction of the enzyme's processivity directly and unambiguously from experimental data. This analysis is not limited to the initial velocity regime. The predictions are validated both against detailed numerical models and by revisiting published experimental data for EcoRI endonuclease acting on DNA.
The Supreme Court’s 2017 FDCPA Rundown

This issue of the Bankruptcy Law Letter proﬁles two recent Supreme Court cases interpreting and applying the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). In Midland Funding, LLC v. Johnson, decided on May 15, 2017, the Court held that debt collectors do not violate the FDCPA when they ﬁle proofs of claim asserting time-barred debt. In Henson v. Santander Consumer USA, decided almost a month later, the Court held that debt buyers are not necessarily covered by the FDCPA’s deﬁnition of “debt collector.” These cases represent a decisive victory for the debt purchasing industry, whose actions are now less constrained by the FDCPA’s threat of private litigation than they were before. At the same time, the holdings of both cases are narrow, leaving room for the FDCPA to play some role in the bankruptcy process and to govern some types of debt buyers in the future. We can expect further litigation to deﬁne the questions left unanswered by these cases. In the meantime, consumer debtors must look to the bankruptcy system’s existing structural protections — most notably the chapter 13 trustee — to police the activities of debt buyers and other debt collectors in bankruptcy.
O-Band Subwavelength Grating Filters in a Monolithic Photonics Technology

The data communications industry has begun transitioning from electrical to optical interconnects in datacenters in order to overcome performance bottlenecks and meet consumer needs. To mitigate the costs associated with this change and achieve performance for 5G and beyond, it is crucial to explore advanced photonic devices that can enable high-bandwidth interconnects via wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in photonic integrated circuits. Subwavelength grating (SWG) filters have shown great promise for WDM applications. However, the small feature sizes necessary to implement these structures have prohibited them from penetrating into industrial applications. To explore the manufacturability and performance of SWG filters in an industrial setting, we fabricate and characterize the first O-band subwavelength grating filters in a monolithic photonics technology at GLOBALFOUNDRIES (GF). We demonstrate a low drop channel loss of −1.2 dB with a flat-top response, a high extinction ratio of −30 dB, a 3 dB channel width of 5 nm and single-source thermal tunability without shape distortion. This filter structure was designed using elements from the product design kit provided by GF and functions in a compact footprint of 0.002 mm2 with a minimum feature size of 150 nm.
Superresolution microscopy reveals photoreceptor-specific subciliary location and function of Cep290

Abstract Mutations in the cilium-associated protein CEP290 cause retinal degeneration as part of multi-organ syndromic ciliopathies or as retina-specific diseases. The precise location and the functional roles of CEP290 within cilia and, specifically, the connecting cilia (CC) of photoreceptors, remain unclear. We used superresolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy (TEM) to localize CEP290 in the CC and in primary cilia of cultured cells with sub-diffraction resolution, and to determine effects of CEP290 deficiency. Radially, CEP290 co-localizes with the microtubule doublets and extends beyond them. Longitudinally, it is distributed throughout the length of the CC but is strictly confined to the very base of primary cilia in hRPE-1 cells. We found Y-shaped links, the ciliary sub-structures between microtubules and membrane, at the base of the transition zone in primary cilia of epithelial cells and throughout the length of the CC. Severe CEP290 deficiencies in mouse models did not prevent assembly of cilia or cause obvious mislocalization of ciliary components in early stages of degeneration. They did not lead to loss of the Y-shaped links but caused changes in their structures. These results point to photoreceptor-specific functions of CEP290 essential for CC maturation and stability following the earliest stages of ciliogenesis.
Introduction to Statistics and Probability

This chapter provides an overview of statistics and probability concepts that are used in metrology. It begins with a discussion on data types along with Exploratory Data Analysis techniques that can be used to help understand and visualize data. It then gives an overview of probability distributions common to metrology with guidance on choosing probability distributions based on available information. This chapter concludes with information on estimating parameters and assessing goodness-of-fit of probability models.
Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Associated with Arterial Thromboembolism in a Cat

A 14-year-old, neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented for acute monoparesis with physical exam findings and biochemical data supportive of a distal arterial thromboembolism. Thoracic radiographs revealed an alveolar pattern in the right middle lung lobe and multifocal nodules in other lung lobes. A pulmonary mass was found on necropsy, which was composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, confirmed with cytokeratin and vimentin immunohistochemistry. Using the World Health Organization classification scheme for mixed pulmonary tumors, this tumor would be characterized as a pleomorphic squamous cell carcinoma under the umbrella term of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma. The World Health Organization classification of mixed pulmonary tumors and its application to previously reported mixed pulmonary tumors in companion animals is discussed. This is the first reported case of this tumor type in a cat, as well as the first report of this tumor type associated with an arterial thromboembolism in any veterinary species.
Abstract P541: Avoiding the Radial Paradox: Radial Adoption is Not Associated With Worse Femoral Outcomes in Neuroendovascular Cases

Background and Purpose: Transradial access (TRA) for neuroendovascular procedures is increasing in prevalence, although numerous procedures are still performed using transfemoral access (TFA). Some...