cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High strain rate thermoplastic demolding of metallic glasses

Abstract Silicon templates are ideal for thermoplastic patterning of metallic glasses but their thermal expansion mismatch prevents demolding without chemical etching. Besides limiting the template life, chemical exposure alters the surface chemistry and properties of metallic glasses. To overcome these issues, we develop thermoplastic demolding which enables template reusability and fabrication of pristine metallic glass structures. Chemical-free demolding allows decoupling of topographic and compositional effects on properties of metallic glasses. We show that mechanically and chemically demolded samples exhibit distinct wetting behavior despite similar topography. The versatility of demolding technique is demonstrated for structures of different shapes and metallic glass formers.
Arterial spin labeling perfusion predicts longitudinal decline in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia

The objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI in patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). We acquired pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) MRI and whole-brain T1-weighted structural MRI in svPPA patients (N = 13) with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers consistent with frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathology. Follow-up T1-weighted MRI was available in a subset of patients (N = 8). We performed whole-brain comparisons of partial volume-corrected CBF and cortical thickness between svPPA and controls, and compared baseline and follow-up cortical thickness in regions of significant hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion. Patients with svPPA showed partial volume-corrected hypoperfusion relative to controls in left temporal lobe and insula. svPPA patients also had typical cortical thinning in anterior temporal, insula, and inferior frontal regions at baseline. Volume-corrected hypoperfusion was seen in areas of significant cortical thinning such as the left temporal lobe and insula. Additional regions of hypoperfusion corresponded to areas without cortical thinning. We also observed regions of hyperperfusion, some associated with cortical thinning and others without cortical thinning, including right superior temporal, inferior parietal, and orbitofrontal cortices. Regions of hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion near cortical thinning at baseline had significant longitudinal thinning between baseline and follow-up scans, but perfusion changes in distant areas did not show progressive thinning. Our findings suggest ASL MRI may be sensitive to functional changes not readily apparent in structural MRI, and specific changes in perfusion may be prognostic markers of disease progression in a manner consistent with cell-to-cell spreading pathology.
Richard Dadd’s Passions and the Treatment of Insanity

Richard Dadd, an academically trained young artist who exhibited at the Royal Academy, suddenly descended into madness in 1843 and murdered his father whom he believed to be an impostor. Dadd spent forty-two years in institutions for the criminally insane. During that time he was encouraged by his doctors to paint and continued to produce art work which included a large series, Sketches to Illustrate the Passions (1853–57). This article investigates how Dadd’s Passions both reflect and deviate from Victorian psychiatric theories of how the passions could be codified and used in moral therapy. The passions had long been a source of debate, and the playwright Joanna Baillie began a series of plays on the passions in 1798. She coined the term ‘sympathetic curiosity’ in order to explain the deep compulsion to peer into another’s soul in order to discern hidden passions. Sympathetic curiosity will be discussed as it relates to psychiatry, and also how it illuminates aspects of Dadd’s works. The Passions series problematizes the legibility that physicians attempted to achieve through photographing mental patients, and fundamentally reveals more about the larger society from which Dadd was barred than his own personal demons.
Relationships between inflammation- and immunity-related transcript abundance in the rumen and jejunum of beef steers with divergent average daily gain.

The bovine rumen papillae are in contact with a wide array of microorganisms and the metabolites they produce, which may activate an inflammatory and/or immune response. Cytokines, chemokines and their receptor genes were tested for differential expression in the rumen and jejunum of beef steers with greater and lesser average daily body weight gain (ADG) near the average daily dry matter intake (DMI) for the population. Angus-sired steers (n = 16) were used to represent the greater (ADG = 2.2 ± 0.07 kg/day; DMI = 10.1 ± 0.05 kg/day) and lesser (ADG = 1.7 ± 0.05 kg/day; DMI = 10.1 ± 0.05 kg/day) ADG groups with eight steers each. Rumen epithelium and jejunum mucosal samples were collected at slaughter, and gene expression was evaluated using a commercially available qRT-PCR array containing 84 genes representing chemokines, cytokines and their receptors. None of the genes on the array were differentially expressed in the jejunum of the steers with greater vs. lesser ADG. However, in the rumen, two chemokine genes (CCL11, CXCL5) and one receptor gene (IL10RA) were detected as differentially expressed (P < 0.05). The genes IL1A, BMP2, CXCL12 and TNFSF13 also displayed trends for differential expression (P < 0.10). All of the genes identified were lower in transcript abundance in the greater ADG animals. Thus, greater ADG steers have a lesser inflammatory response in the rumen papillae, which may lead to a more efficient use of nutrients.
Microvascular anastomosis simulation using a chicken thigh model: Interval versus massed training.

Objectives/hypothesis To compare the effectiveness of massed versus interval training when teaching otolaryngology residents microvascular suturing on a validated microsurgical model. Study design Otolaryngology residents were placed into interval (n = 7) or massed (n = 7) training groups. The interval group performed three separate 30-minute practice sessions separated by at least 1 week, and the massed group performed a single 90-minute practice session. Both groups viewed a video demonstration and recorded a pretest prior to the first training session. A post-test was administered following the last practice session. Methods At an academic medical center, 14 otolaryngology residents were assigned using stratified randomization to interval or massed training. Blinded evaluators graded performance using a validated microvascular Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill tool. The tool is comprised of two major components: task-specific score (TSS) and global rating scale (GRS). Participants also received pre- and poststudy surveys to compare subjective confidence in multiple aspects of microvascular skill acquisition. Results Overall, all residents showed increased TSS and GRS on post- versus pretest. After completion of training, the interval group had a statistically significant increase in both TSS and GRS, whereas the massed group's increase was not significant. Residents in both groups reported significantly increased levels of confidence after completion of the study. Conclusions Self-directed learning using a chicken thigh artery model may benefit microsurgical skills, competence, and confidence for resident surgeons. Interval training results in significant improvement in early development of microvascular anastomosis skills, whereas massed training does not. Level of evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 127:2490-2494, 2017.
Quantifying Pilot Contribution to Flight Safety During Hydraulic Systems Failure

Accident statistics cite the flight crew as a causal factor in over 60% of large transport aircraft fatal accidents. Yet, a well-trained and well-qualified pilot is acknowledged as the critical center point of aircraft systems safety and an integral safety component of the entire commercial aviation system. The latter statement, while generally accepted, cannot be verified because little or no quantitative data exists on how and how many accidents/incidents are averted by crew actions. A joint NASA/FAA high-fidelity motion-base human-in-the-loop test was conducted using a Level D certified Boeing 737-800 simulator to evaluate the pilot’s contribution to safety-of-flight during routine air carrier flight operations and in response to aircraft system failures. To quantify the human’s contribution, crew complement (two-crew, reduced crew, single pilot) was used as the independent variable in a between-subjects design. This paper details the crew’s actions, including decision-making, and responses while dealing with a hydraulic systems leak.
P3.158 Dispparities in hiv clinical outcomes among a large cohort of hiv-infected persons in care in mississippi, united states: findings from medical monitoring project, 2009–2014

Introduction Increase in CD4 count and achieving viral suppression are the ultimate goals of the HIV care, yet disparities in these outcomes exist among subpopulations of HIV-infected persons. We aimed to assess potential disparities in viral suppression and normal CD4 count among HIV-infected persons in care in Mississippi. Methods We used Mississippi Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) data from 2009 to 2014 (n=1,233) in this study. MMP is a nationally representative surveillance system designed to assess and monitor the behavioural and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected adults receiving outpatient medical care in the United States. Outcome variables in this study were suppressed recent and durable viral load ( 3 ). Patients’ characteristics in this study were race, gender, age, annual income, education, insurance, and length of diagnosis. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression were conducted, accounting for the complex sample design. Results Our findings indicate that suppressed recent viral load prevalence was significantly higher among whites (72.8%), those aged ≥50 years (74.3%), those who had annual income ≥$20 000 (76%), public insurance (68.3%), or those were diagnosed ≥5 years (67.4%). The prevalence of suppressed durable viral load was significantly higher among those who aged ≥50 years (71.7%), and were diagnosed ≥5 years ago (61.4%), and the prevalence of normal CD4 was significantly higher among females (46%). Multivariable analysis show that those aged ≥50 years were more likely to have suppressed recent (aOR=2.4) and durable viral load (aOR=2.9) compared to those aged 18–24 years, and women were more likely to have normal CD4 count than men (aOR=1.4), after controlling for the confounders. Conclusion Our findings identified age and gender disparities in the HIV clinical outcomes, which may be used to develop and implement multifaceted interventions to improve health equity among all HIV-infected patients.
The Story of Puerto Rican Oppression and Resistance

Chapter two explores the political, economic, social, and religious history of the USA’s presence on the island of Puerto Rico immediately preceding and since its “annexation” from Spain in 1898; Puerto Rican efforts to resist colonial dependence; and efforts to silence and eliminate the proponents for freedom. Beginning with the author’s family story in relation to the wider sociohistorical account of Puerto Ricans, it describes the migration flux between the island and the continental US, with particular attention to the New York metropolitan area. Comparisons are made regarding the latest census data for Puerto Ricans living in the continental USA and on the island of Puerto Rico. This “history” is critical for understanding how deeply a colonial consciousness of dependence has become embedded in the Puerto Rican spirit. Topics A Snapshot of Puerto Rican Life before 1898 United States Political and Economic Hegemony circa 1898 Resisting US Hegemony—1898 to 1945 Operation Bootstrap and the “exodus effect” Resisting Operation Bootstrap—1946 to 1968 El Barrio at the Center of Current Status Resisting the Barrio—1968 to the Present Young Lords “Nuevo Despertar”: A New Puerto Rican Awakening—Bankruptcy, Oscar Lopez Rivera and the new Puerto Rican Migration
Are Meta-Analyses a Form of Medical Fake News? Thoughts About How They Should Contribute to Medical Science and Practice.

How many dreadful manuscripts describing the results of a meta-analysis are submitted to and rejected from journals each year? We cannot know, but many published meta-analyses do not use appropriate methods or contribute meaningfully to medical thought or patient care. Some journals avoid all meta-analyses, whereas others pride themselves on publishing only the best; still others are delighted to have anything to print in an era where the number of opportunities to publish greatly exceeds the number of valid observations. Many have critically examined the methodology of meta-analysis, and others have set standards for their execution. Despite such guidance, meta-analyses continue to proliferate, but we should ask: do they really contribute? Esteemed organizations regard the conclusions of a well-executed meta-analysis as a higher level of evidence than a single well-done clinical trial. This commentary explains why this cannot possibly be true. Many physicians believe (incorrectly) that there is something magical about a meta-analysis. A meta-analysis is an observational study, but the author does no original work. Someone simply notices that several articles have data that pertain to a common topic and that they might show similar patterns. How can the patterns be described? In the past, the favored approach was to depict these in a narrative, but this task required insight into the details of each trial and a willingness …
Review of Drug Quality and Security Act of 2013: The Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA)

The Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) signed into law in November 27, 2013 by president Obama creates a uniform national standard for tracing drug products through the supply chain. The goal of DQSA is to enhance FDA’s ability to help protect consumers by detecting and removing potential dangerous products from the pharmaceutics distribution supply chain. A new electronic, interoperable system will identify and trace only prescription drugs in the finished form for human use while distributed in the United States. The purpose of this review was to shed light on a complex and complicated process that it will require cooperation between FDA and drug manufactures, wholesale drug distributors, repackagers and dispensers. The implementation of the DSCSA is based on several law requirements and FDA has developed a schedule with time frames for each of them to be executed over a 10-year period. From this review, FDA recommendations are provided through the FDA Guidance on Identifying Suspect Product document to help trading partners and provide information about the risk of suspect drugs entering the supply chain. Moreover, FDA organized on April 5-6, 2016 in Silver Spring, MD a public workshop to gather valuable feedback from stakeholders who shared their input about the implementation of the new electronic system and its requirements. By the end of 2023, a unified system will provide easier data exchange and less errors, and will increase the safety and security of the pharmaceutical distribution supply chain. Type: Student Project
Abstract 15581: No Evidence of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Noninvasive Evaluation of Patients for Coronary Heart Disease in the United States

Introduction: Racial and ethnic disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors are widely recognized, and reducing the burden of these disparities was a major focus of Healthy People 2010. While differences in cholesterol screening, hypertension treatment, and cardiac revascularization have been reported, it is unknown whether disparities exist in the utilization of cardiac stress testing to diagnose CHD. Hypothesis: Nonwhite patients at risk for CHD are less likely to receive stress testing than white patients. Method: We analyzed a nationally representative US sample of 452,188 adult ambulatory visits from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1995 to 1999 (prior to the Jan. 2000 launch of Healthy People 2010) and 2006-2010 (after the launch). Patients with CHD were excluded. The main outcome was survey-weighted incidence of referrals for or performance of stress testing. Multivariable logistic regressions included ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black), an ethnicity-gender interaction, clinical risk factors (smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension), whether the patient’s reason for visiting the physician was chest pain, physician specialty, sociodemographics, geographic location, and insurance status. Result: Stress testing was ordered or performed in 37 per 10,000 adult ambulatory visits in 1995-1999 and 47 per 10,000 visits in 2006-2010. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, patients who were Hispanic or black were no more or less likely to undergo stress testing than white patients, either in the pre- (adjusted OR 0.7, CI 0.4-1.2 for Hispanics; aOR 0.9, 0.5-1.4 for blacks) or post-period (aOR 1.0, 0.7-1.4 for Hispanics; aOR 0.9, 0.5-1.5 for blacks). Similarly, no significant differences were found when we examined stress testing with imaging or ethnicity-gender interactions. Conclusion: Racial/ethnic disparities that have previously been reported in the utilization of preventive and therapeutic cardiovascular interventions do not appear to extend to cardiac stress testing. However, reducing disparities in the burden of cardiovascular disease remains an important concern.
Characterizing Mentoring Capital in a Residency Program through Mentor's Voices.

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to examine mentors’ conceptualizations of mentoring residents (preservice teachers) in a teacher residency program. Understanding the nuances of mentoring in a year-long placement in a mentor’s classroom may further illuminate mentoring in this context. In this qualitative, longitudinal study, we used constant comparative analysis to allow the data to drive recurring patterns and ideas linked to real-life situations and values coding to examine mentors’ conceptualizations of mentoring in a residency program. Residents enrolled in the federally-funded Teaching Residency Program for Critical Shortage Areas program were placed in a high-need urban secondary school for a year-long clinical experience to work alongside mentors, who had a non-evaluative role. By examining mentors’ conceptualizations of mentoring in this particular context, our data reveal aspects of their agency that reflected three main themes: (a) professional altruism, (b) extant knowledge, and (c) reside...
Applications to Algebraic Number Theory

Let Z denote the ring of integers. An algebraic number field is an extension of Z of finite degree. Since Z is a natural ring, divisor theory applies to algebraic number fields.
Secondary Rhinoplasty in the Middle Eastern Patient

The surgeon attempting secondary rhinoplasty should have initial experience with revisions not only of their own rhinoplasty patients but those of many other surgeons where a wide range of problems have been encountered. The Middle Eastern patient represents additional unique difficulties in how their nasal morphology should be properly handled.
A System-of-Systems Approach to Improving Intelligent Predictions and Decisions in a Time-series Environment

AbstractAerospace production systems, publically traded securities, and countless other systems generate data in time-series formats. The capability to predict future values and outcomes allow optimal decisions and process adjustments to mitigate risk and achieve objectives. This is an application paper that explores improving the accuracy and precision of generating predicted values and decisions with time-series data by integrating existing data mining technologies and information systems. Existing systems are integrated into a System-of-System (SoS) meta-architecture utilizing the Flexible and Intelligent Learning Architecture for SoS (FILA-SoS) [2]. The Overall Objective of the SoS is to maximize the Key Performance Attributes (KPA): Performance of the Predicted Value, Performance of the Predicted Decision, Affordability, Scalabihty, and Robustness. Architectures are generated, assessed, and selected using evolutionary algorithms integrated with a Fuzzy Inference System. The SoS is evaluated with time-series data of publicly traded securities [1]. The results obtained suggest the best or near optimal SoS meta-architecture to improve predictions and decisions of time-series data versus single or hybrid stand-alone systems.
Funneling versus Focusing: When talk, tasks, and tools work together to support students' collective sensemaking

In this article, we share how talk, tasks, and tools within classroom activity work together to either funnel students toward reproducing normative scientific answers or focus students on deepening their understanding about unobservable causal mechanisms of phenomena. Funneling privileges science knowledge over students’ ideas. Talk, tasks, and tools are designed to reinforce reproduction of facts and explanations by treating science as a static, final-form body of knowledge. On the other hand, focusing patterns emphasize working on students’ ideas as the goal. Focusing results in students developing productive variations of the scientific explanation for a given phenomenon. We use classroom examples from two ninth grade integrated science lessons during astronomy units. In these lessons, students used data to describe and communicate about how stars change over time. This article provides examples and reflection prompts for teachers to use when planning and enacting talk, tasks, and tools that help focus students on important science ideas. By recognizing these funneling and focusing patterns in classroom activity, teachers can attend to and modify the talk, tasks, and tools to improve and support opportunities for students’ sensemaking about science ideas while they make progress on revising their own ideas over time.
Gastric remnant perforation in a gastric bypass patient secondary to splenic artery pseudoaneurysm: radiologic-surgical correlation.

Abstract One of the more common effective surgical procedures performed today for obesity is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Though effective, both early and late complications do occur. Gastric remnant hemorrhage after gastric bypass is an uncommon late complication, posing both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. We report a case of gastrointestinal bleed and gastric remnant rupture secondary to splenic artery pseudoaneurysm 14 years after initial bariatric surgery. Given altered surgical anatomy in gastric bypass procedures, diagnosis and treatment of the source of a gastrointestinal bleed in a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patient may require a multimodality and multidisciplinary approach.
Effects of a Case-Based Reasoning System on Student Performance in a Java Programming Course

The purpose of this study was to determine if a case-based reasoning tool would improve a student’s understanding of the complex concepts in a Java programming course. Subjects for the study were randomly assigned from two sections of an introductory Java programming course. Posttests were used to measure the effects of the case-based reasoning tool (CBJava) on learner competency. Results of the study using a Mann-Whitney U test indicated a significant difference between the group who used CBJava on complex questions and the group who did not (m rank = 11.50; U = 3.500, p < .05, M = 22.71 vs. M = 17.88). No significant difference was indicated between the groups on simple questions. Recommendations from this study include supporting complex content through examples, providing a case-based instructional aid for complex topics, and extending CBJava’s framework to support other courses and disciplines.
Evaluating Climate Model Simulations of the Radiative Forcing and Radiative Response at Earth’s Surface

AbstractWe analyze the radiative forcing and radiative response at Earth’s surface, where perturbations in the radiation budget regulate the atmospheric hydrological cycle. By applying a radiative ...
Quality attributes and evaluation of pharmaceutical glass containers for parenterals.

Abstract Pharmaceutical containers for parenterals have been predominantly manufactured using glass as a packaging material of choice, especially Type-I glass, since it has been regarded as a chemically inert and an effective container closure system (CCS). Nevertheless, there have been reports and recalls related to glass quality issues, such as breakage, flakes, and particles observed in marketed products. The novelty of this research is based on the knowledge gathered from our previously conducted risk assessments and establishing a comprehensive testing platform focused on risk factors for glass container failure modes and applicability to other types of pharmaceutical containers. The evaluation of container quality attributes was performed for three model glass vials using a mechanical and chemical durability testing platform: freeze-thaw, lyophilization, compression, scratch tests; visual inspection, pH, particle size analyses, extractable, leachable and imaging studies that were conducted under normal (4 and 25 °C), and stress condition (60 °C), respectively. The performance between the glass containers tested under certain stress conditions (failure modes) were variable and differentiated. The systematic platform testing approach shows the importance of lab-based risk evaluation in assessing common failure modes of pharmaceutical containers, since the quality attributes for injectable products are complex and can impact final product quality.
Does caffeine prevent intubation in babies with bronchiolitis who present with apnoea

A 10-week-old infant, born at 30 weeks’ gestation, was admitted from the emergency department with respiratory deterioration, proven subsequently as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Despite applying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the high dependency unit (HDU), there were frequent apnoeic episodes. You wonder as a paediatric registrar if caffeine has a role in treating bronchiolitis-related apnoea and can prevent further escalation to invasive ventilation. In infants presenting with bronchiolitis-related apnoea (patient), does caffeine citrate (intervention) reduce the need for invasive ventilation (outcome)? Primary sources: PubMed using keywords ‘bronchiolitis OR viral bronchiolitis’ AND ‘apnea OR apnoea’ AND ‘caffeine OR caffeine citrate OR xanthine OR methylxanthine’ resulted in 297 articles, 5 relevant. Further Medline and Embase searched gained an extra 24 with 12 potentially relevant. Secondary …
Efficient and Smooth Enhanced Curve Path Following of Underactuated Snake Robots

This paper investigates a curve path following problem for a class of planar underactuated bio-inspired snake robots. Based on an improved time-varying line-of-sight (LOS) guidance law and parametric cubic spline interpolation (PCSI) path-planning method, we propose a more advanced algorithm that is able to make snake robots follow an arbitrarily generated curve path on the ground. The improved LOS helps the snake robot to steer aggressively at a sharp turning point. Furthermore, to avoid the side-slip caused by the ground friction change, an integral controller is introduced in the design of the heading reference. Simulation and experiments on an 8-link custom-built snake robot are extensively conducted, and the results demonstrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
U.S. Physician Recommendations to Their Patients About the Use of Complementary Health Approaches.

Objective: There are no nationally representative studies using a probability sample that have been published examining whether physicians recommend complementary health approaches (CHAs) to their ...
The word learning profile of adults with developmental language disorder

Background and aimsPrevious investigations of word learning problems among people with developmental language disorder suggest that encoding, not retention, is the primary deficit. We aimed to repl...
Analysis of Commercial off-the-Shelf 1200 V Silicon Carbide Mosfets Under Short Circuit Conditions

Silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor devices are experiencing an increasingly widespread adoption in many power electronics and pulsed power applications such as high-power DC-DC converters and inverters, battery chargers, industrial motor drives, as well as high-power solid-state pulse generators such as a Marx generator or a linear transformer driver (LTD). The wide-bandgap (WBG) and thermal properties of SiC provide inherent advantages over silicon (Si) power devices especially in high power density applications. These advantages include higher blocking voltages, increased switching speeds, physically smaller implementations of power electronics and pulsed power circuits, improved system efficiencies, and higher operating temperatures. To improve the overall confidence in the ability of SiC devices to reliably replace equivalent silicon solutions, independent reliability testing and analysis must be conducted. In this research, a short-circuit test board was developed to analyze the short-circuit ruggedness of 1200 V MOSFETs. Using the test board, commercially available 1200 V / 10 A SiC MOSFETs from 3 different manufacturers were subjected to short-circuit events, and the short-circuit ruggedness of each device was measured and analyzed. The purpose of this research is to independently measure and report on the short-circuit capabilities of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) 1200 V SiC MOSFETs.
Exploring novice nurse practitioner job satisfaction.

BACKGROUND With the continued increase in new nurse practitioners expected over the next 5 years and beyond, more individuals will experience nurse practitioner role transition. It is beneficial to nurse practitioners, patients, and the health care industry to understand factors relating to job satisfaction during role transition. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of the transition period of new nurse practitioners by exploring demographics and job satisfaction during the first 6 months to 2 years of practice. METHODS This nonexperimental quantitative study employed convenience sampling with survey methodology. Twenty-one Facebook groups/pages were posted on once a week for 6 weeks. Demographic information was collected, and personal experiences were measured with the Misener Nurse Practitioner Job Satisfaction Scale. RESULTS Practice setting, formal orientation programs, and intent to leave current position were related to overall nurse practitioner job satisfaction during the transition period (p < .05). Satisfaction with time and benefits varied among demographic groups (p < .05). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Novice nurse practitioners are mostly satisfied in their new role. However, turnover intention in this population is high and orientation programs are lacking, warranting further study.
Nomads in the closet: the hidden history of nomad-farmer relations in Europe and Anatolia

Aetius, the Roman military commander who defeated Attila the Hun at the Catalaunian Plains in 451 CE, was described by European historians as the last great Roman of the West, the ultimate defender...
Crohn's Disease is Associated with Longer In-Hospital Lengths of Stay and Higher Rates of Complications and Costs after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background As the incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s disease continues to change worldwide, rates within North America have been increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether patients who have Crohn’s disease undergoing primary total hip arthroplasties have worse outcomes compared with matched cohorts. Specifically, we evaluated 1) medical complications, 2) in-hospital lengths of stay (LOS), and 3) costs of care. Methods Two cohorts of patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasties from January 1, 2005 to March 31, 2014 were identified from the Medicare claims of the PearlDiver platform. Cohorts were matched by age, sex, and following comorbidities—anemia, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, malnutrition, pulmonary disease, and renal failure, yielding 55,361 patients within the study (n = 9229) and matching cohorts (n = 46,132). Outcomes assessed included 90-day medical complications, in-hospital LOS, and costs of care. A P-value less than .005 was considered statistically significant. Results Patients with Crohn’s disease were found to have significantly higher incidences and odds ratios of 90-day medical complications (30.2 vs 13.8; odds ratios: 2.2, P Conclusion Crohn’s disease is associated with higher rates of medical complications, longer in-hospital LOS, and increased costs of care. This study may aid physicians to perform appropriate risk adjustment for adverse outcomes and to educate these patients about potential postoperative complications in these patients.
RGD-expressed bacterial membrane-derived nanovesicles enhance cancer therapy via multiple tumorous targeting.

Background: A tumor microenvironment is a complicated multicellular system comprised of tumor cells, immune cells and blood vessels. Blood vessels are the barriers for drug tissue penetration. Effectively treating a cancer requires drug delivery systems to overcome biological barriers present in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Methods: We designed a drug delivery system made of bacterial (Escherichia coli) double layer membrane-derived nanovesicles (DMVs) with the expression of RGD peptides and endogenous targeting ligands of bacteria. The physical and biological characteristics of DMVs were assessed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded in DMVs via a pH gradient driven drug loading method. Therapeutical effects of DOX-loaded DMVs were studied in a melanoma xenograft mouse model. Results: In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that DMVs can target neutrophils and monocytes that mediated the transport of DMVs across blood vessel barriers and they can also directly target tumor vasculature and tumor cells, resulting in enhanced delivery of therapeutics to TMEs. Furthermore, we developed a remote drug loading approach to efficiently encapsulate DOX inside DMVs, and the drug loading was 12% (w/w). In the B16-F10 melanoma mouse model, we showed that DOX-RGD-DMVs significantly inhibited the tumor growth compared to several controls. Conclusion: Our studies reveal that DMVs are a powerful tool to simultaneously target multiple cells in TMEs, thus increasing drug delivery for improved cancer therapies.
Positional SHAP for Interpretation of Deep Learning Models Trained from Biological Sequences

Abstract Machine learning with multi-layered artificial neural networks, also known as “deep learning,” is effective for making biological predictions. However, model interpretation is challenging, especially for sequential input data used with recurrent neural network architectures. Here, we introduce a framework called “Positional SHAP” (PoSHAP) to interpret models trained from biological sequences by utilizing SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to generate positional model interpretations. We demonstrate this using three long short-term memory (LSTM) regression models that predict peptide properties, including binding affinity to major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), and collisional cross section (CCS) measured by ion mobility spectrometry. Interpretation of these models with PoSHAP reproduced MHC class I (rhesus macaque Mamu-A1*001 and human A*11:01) peptide binding motifs, reflected known properties of peptide CCS, and provided new insights into interpositional dependencies of amino acid interactions. PoSHAP should have widespread utility for interpreting a variety of models trained from biological sequences.
Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide: by Marc D. Baer, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2020, 360 pp., $95 (Hardover), ISBN 9780253045416, $45 (Paperback), ISBN 9780253045447.

One of my first memories as a graduate student in the late 1990s was being told that if one wanted to move forward in the field of Ottoman and Turkish studies it was necessary to stay clear from sp...
Carbon - carbon composites: Effect of graphene size upon the nano-micro - structure and material properties

Abstract This work aims to address the effect of filler size in the formation of Carbon-carbon (C-C) composites using two carbon-based matrices that show opposite behaviors when subjected to graphitization temperatures. Matrix precursors are anthracene (forms a graphitizable carbon) and Novolac (forms a non-graphitizable carbon). These materials are mixed with pre-synthesized carbon-based fillers. The fillers are different sizes of few layer graphene sheets - (a) small graphene (average X-Y = 500 nm) (b) medium graphene (average X-Y = 1.5 µm) (c) large graphene (average X-Y = 4 µm). The composite mixture is then subjected to carbonization and graphitization. By size of graphene filler, opposite trends are demonstrated for the two matrix precursors. Anthracene-based composites become non-graphitizing while novalac-based composites become graphitizing. The six C-C composites so formed are characterized at different length scales – nano, micro and macro. Such characterization helps analyze the variation in their evolving structure with graphene filler size, thus helping correlate C-C structure to observed bulk properties.
Impact of Changes in EHR Use during COVID-19 on Physician Trainee Mental Health.

Objectives This article investigates the association between changes in electronic health record (EHR) use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the rate of burnout, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among physician trainees (residents and fellows). Methods A total of 222 (of 1,375, 16.2%) physician trainees from an academic medical center responded to a Web-based survey. We compared the physician trainees who reported that their EHR use increased versus those whose EHR use stayed the same or decreased on outcomes related to depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD, and burnout using univariable and multivariable models. We examined whether self-reported exposure to COVID-19 patients moderated these relationships. Results Physician trainees who reported increased use of EHR had higher burnout (adjusted mean, 1.48 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24, 1.71] vs. 1.05 [95% CI 0.93, 1.17]; p = 0.001) and were more likely to exhibit symptoms of PTSD (adjusted mean = 15.09 [95% CI 9.12, 21.05] vs. 9.36 [95% CI 7.38, 11.28]; p = 0.035). Physician trainees reporting increased EHR use outside of work were more likely to experience depression (adjusted mean, 8.37 [95% CI 5.68, 11.05] vs. 5.50 [95% CI 4.28, 6.72]; p = 0.035). Among physician trainees with increased EHR use, those exposed to COVID-19 patients had significantly higher burnout (2.04, p Conclusion Increased EHR use was associated with higher burnout, depression, and PTSD outcomes among physician trainees. Although preliminary, these findings have implications for creating systemic changes to manage the wellness and well-being of trainees.
Where was my patient born? The Intersection of tropical medicine and migrant health.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is unprecedented movement of people across international borders and parasitic infections, previously restricted to endemic regions, are now encountered in nonendemic areas of the world. RECENT FINDINGS Migrants may import parasitic infections acquired in their countries of origin. Increasingly, clinicians in nonendemic regions are faced with patients with neglected diseases such as Chagas disease, malaria and strongyloidiasis. There are gaps in knowledge among physicians in nonendemic regions, which lead to missed opportunities for preventive strategies and early treatment. Both primary care and infectious disease physicians should have a broad knowledge of common parasitic infections to improve health outcomes and decrease healthcare disparities through early identification and treatment of disease encountered in migrants. SUMMARY Migrant health is still a young field in medicine; clinicians should be aware of diseases seen in migrants, and access both educational and clinical resources, including experts in tropical medicine, in order to reduce health disparities among migrants. Collaboration between primary care and infectious disease/tropical medicine experts should be strengthened.
Beyond perception: the role of gender across marketing scholars’ careers, in reply to Galak and Kahn (2021)

Galak and Kahn (2021), in their recent contribution on the organizational climate in Marketing academia, highlight important transgressions perceived by women and under-represented minorities. By focusing on gender, this article complements, and supports, the findings of Galak and Kahn (2021). Three analyses examine key points throughout Marketing scholars’ careers including perceptions prior to the job market, objective career outcomes across all scholars, and promotion decisions among quantitative scholars. Our findings suggest that beyond perception, women may experience reduced job mobility (across all sub-areas) and a lower chance to tenure (in the quantitative sub-area) despite having a comparable research record to men. Suggestions to improve organizational climate are discussed.
Culturally Responsive Teaching as a Method for Teaching Students With Emotional/Behavioral Disorders in the Music Classroom

As students with special needs become increasingly mainstreamed into music classes, there is a demand for strategies to help teachers meet these students’ needs. The purpose of this review of liter...
Sharing electronically and accessibly in library-led instruction

The electronic information and technology accessibility project is a strategic overhauling of the digital instructional materials of the Health Sciences Library System (HSLS) to comply with the accessibility standards established in a 2020 University of Pittsburgh policy. Though these technologies have existed for quite some time, library instructors were not skilled in the actual creation and design of documents, web content, and presentations with accessibility in mind. Over the past year and a half, a team within HSLS developed detailed guidance and education on universal design and creating an inclusive online learning environment. These guidelines were developed in accordance with Section 508 and the WCAG2.1, with a focus on an improved experience for the D/deaf community and those with visual impairments. We initially made accessibility improvements to online subject guides, in-person presentations, and digitally shared class materials. The COVID-19 pandemic and complete shift to virtual instruction then necessitated the evaluation of platforms used in remote learning (such as Zoom and Panopto), where accessibility best practices needed to be incorporated. This article highlights going beyond in-program accessibility checkers and describes how library technology experts and content creators worked together to bridge the gap of accessibility in the information we share.
Light aversion and corneal mechanical sensitivity are altered by intrinscally photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of corneal surface damage

Animal models of corneal surface damage reliably exhibit altered tear quality and quantity, apoptosis, nerve degeneration, immune responses and many other symptoms of dry eye disease. An important clinical symptom of dry eye disease is photoallodynia (photophobia), which can be modeled in mice using behavioral light aversion as a surrogate. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) function as irradiance detectors. They have been shown to mediate innate light aversion and are ideal candidates to initiate or modulate light aversion in disease or dysfunctional states. This study addresses the relationship between light aversion, corneal mechanical sensitivity and corneal surface damage in a preclinical mouse model using bilateral topical application of benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Corneal application of BAC resulted in similar levels of corneal surface damage by fluorescein staining in both wild type mice and mice lacking ipRGCs. Light aversion was an early symptom of corneal surface damage, was proportional to the level of corneal damage and dependent on melanopsin-expressing cells. A decrease in both corneal mechanosensitivity and light aversion was observed in mice lacking melanopsin-expressing cells, suggesting a connection in the neural circuits mediating the two most common symptoms of corneal surface damage.
Constitutional Law for the Criminal Justice Professional

Introduction to Constitutional Law Why is the Constitution So Important? A Brief History of the U.S. Constitution Article III-The Judiciary Organization of the Courts Judicial Power Judicial Review First Amendment-Religion and Expression Religion: An Overview Freedom of Expression: Speech and Press Rights of Assembly and Petition Fourth Amendment-Search and Seizure History and Application of the Fourth Amendment Arrests and Other Detentions Searches and Seizures Pursuant to Warrant Execution of Warrants Warrantless Searches and Exceptions to the Warrant Requirements Electronic Surveillance Under the Fourth Amendment Enforcing the Fourth Amendment Fifth Amendment-Rights of Persons Indictment by Grand Jury Double Jeopardy Self-Incrimination Self-Incrimination:From Voluntariness Standard to Miranda Due Process Under the Fifth Amendment Sixth Amendment-Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions Speedy Public Trial Right to Trial by Impartial Jury Right of Notification and Confrontation Assistance of Counsel Eighth Amendment-Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases Excessive Bail Cruel and unusual Punishments Other Issues Under the Eighth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment-Due Process and Equal Protection Due Process of Law Procedural Due Process Appendix A: The Constitution of the United States of America Appendix B: Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America Case Listings Index
Design time reliability analysis of distributed fault tolerance algorithms

Designing a distributed fault tolerance algorithm requires careful analysis of both fault models and diagnosis strategies. A system will fail if there are too many active faults, especially active Byzantine faults. But, a system will also fail if overly aggressive convictions leave inadequate redundancy. For high reliability, an algorithm's hybrid fault model and diagnosis strategy must be tuned to the types and rates of faults expected in the real world. We examine this balancing problem for two common types of distributed algorithms: clock synchronization and group membership. We show the importance of choosing a hybrid fault model appropriate for the physical faults expected by considering two clock synchronization algorithms. Three group membership service diagnosis strategies are used to demonstrate the benefit of discriminating between permanent and transient faults. In most cases, the probability of failure is dominated by one fault type. By identifying the dominant cause of failure, one can tailor an algorithm appropriately at design time, yielding significant reliability gain.