cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infiltrating the boys’ club: Motivations for women’s fantasy sport participation

Understanding gender differences in fantasy sport consumption involves in-depth assessment of personal attributes, consumption, sport fandom, and motivations to participate. The study addresses the area of gender and fantasy sport, examining motivation and consumption behaviors of men and women concerning this activity. In this research, a total of 530 men and women fantasy sport users were surveyed about their media consumption and overall motivations for participating. Results indicated men consuming nearly 10 hours more of sports media content each week than women. Regarding motivations, men and women yielded consistent motivations for play on five of the seven measures, with the two remaining measures, enjoyment and passing time, being significantly higher for men. Implications and directions for future research in this relatively new scholarly realm are offered.
Mechanism of Oncogenic Transformation by Rous Sarcoma Virus III. Role of Proviral DNA in Morphologic Conversion of Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts

Abstract Multiplication of Rous sarcoma virus and morphological conversion of chicken embryo fibroblasts are mediated by a DNA provirus. The role of the provirus in induction of morphological conversion has been shown by experiments of light inactivation of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR)-sensitized proviral DNA. In the experiments reported here, inactivation of focus formation by BUdR and light could be obtained in cells in which the ability to produce virus has become resistant to X irradiation. This property is considered here to reflect the integrated state of the provirus. These experiments indicate that the role of proviral DNA extends beyond induction of morphological conversion and that an intact provirus is required for the maintenance of the transformed state. These experiments also indicate that no irreversible process leading to morphological conversion is initiated by a nonintegrated or by an integrated provirus.
Circadian blood pressure patterns in ambulatory hypertensive patients: Effects of age

Abstract Circadian blood pressure monitoring was performed in 50 untreated ambulatory hypertensive patients to study the effects of age on the pattern and variability of Mood pressure and heart rate. Casual blood pressure, measured in the morning, was greater than the average of the blood pressures measured at 7.5 minute intervals for 24 hours (148 ± 2/95 ± 2 and 137 ± 2/88 ± 2 mm Hg, p
Comparison of either norepinephrine-uptake inhibitors or phentermine combined with serotonergic agents on food intake in rats

Rationale: We have shown previously that the anorectic effects of the catecholamine-releasing agent phentermine (PHEN) and the serotonin (5-HT)-releasing agent dexfenfluramine (DFEN) are greater than additive in rats. In the present study, we examined whether the norepinephrine-uptake inhibitors desmethylimipramine (DMI) and thionisoxetine (TNIX) have additive effects with either DFEN or with the 5-HT-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX). We also examined whether PHEN interacts with a postsynaptically acting 5-HT agonist. Methods: Undeprived rats were trained to eat a daily sweet-milk dessert and on test days were systemically administered single or combination drugs and the intakes recorded. Results: Both DMI and TNIX produced dose-related suppressions of food intake. However, by isobolographic analysis, they did not enhance the anorectic actions of either DFEN or FLX. In contrast, confirming and extending our previous work, PHEN had a greater potentiating effect on the anorectic actions of DFEN and FLX than TNIX. Further, the anorectic action of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist TFMPP was enhanced by PHEN. Conclusions: These and other data are consistent with the idea that 5-HT agents may work ”upstream” of critical catecholaminergic synapses in the production of anorexia, and explain the diminished efficacy of norepinephrine-uptake inhibitors relative to PHEN. The implications for clinically useful anorectic agents are discussed briefly.
Some psychological effects of violating linguistic rules

Chomsky has proposed that violation of linguistic rules affects the acceptability of the resulting sentence and, further, that the amount of loss of acceptability is a function of the generality and priority of the rule violated. To test this prediction, sentences embodying three types of rule violations, varying in generality, were constructed. The three types of rule-violation sentences, together with the normal sentences from which they had been derived, were studied in three tasks: (a) an acceptability rating task; (b) a free-recall learning task; and (c) a paraphrase task. In the rating task, the sentence types were ordered as predicted. In the learning task, however, the learning ease of two of the sentence types was the reverse of that predicted. Analysis of the strategies adopted in paraphrasing the sentences suggested an interpretation of this result.
Nuclear Binding of Hydrocortisone-Receptors in the Embryonic Chick Retina and its Relationship to Glutamine Synthetase Induction

Binding of hydrocortisone (HC) to cytoplasmic receptors and of the resulting receptor-hydrocortisone complex (R-HC) to nuclear acceptor sites has been studied in neural retina cells of the chick embryo, in which this hormone induces glutamine synthetase (GS). These studies were done in a cell-free system, as well as in intact retina tissue in culture. Optimal conditions, specificity, and the quantitative aspects of R-HC binding to nuclei in the cell-free system were determined. Isolated nuclei retained their binding specificity for R-HC prepared from retina cytosol; at saturation, the total number of nuclear acceptor sites for R-HC was estimated to be in the range of 1500 per nucleus. These sites were resistant to RNAse but sensitive to DNAse. When retina tissue was cultured in the presence of progressively higher doses (0–90 nM) of HC, increasing amounts of receptors were translocated from the cytoplasm to the nuclei. Following incubation of retina with 9–90 nM HC, the cytoplasm was almost completely depleted of receptors and the nuclei became saturated with R-HC. From the amount of R-HC bound to nuclei at saturation, the estimated total number of R-HC acceptor sites per nucleus was comparable to that derived from the cell-free system. Increases in the level of GS induction in the retina correlated well with amounts of R-HC complex bound by nuclei.
The Fetal Posterior Fossa: Clinical Correlation of Findings on Prenatal Ultrasound and Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objectives:Recognize posterior fossa anomalies on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging and appreciate imaging pitfalls that may lead to misdiagnosis.Materials and Methods:Cases are presented to illustrate normal development and various anomalies. Postnatal studies and autopsy are used for corre
Time-dependent variational principle in quantum field theory†

A direct, quantum-mechanical definition for GAMMA (effective action) is proposed through a two-step procedure for applying the variational principle to time-dependent quantum problems.
Microscopic observation of multispecies biofilm of various structures on whey concentration membranes

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate biofilm formation on polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) whey concentration membranes. Biofilms were observed with scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy. For scanning electron microscopy, pieces of 6-, 12-, and 14-mo-old membranes were allowed to air dry at room temperature (22°C) for 24h followed by sputter coating with a 5-nm layer of gold and microscopic observations. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the hydrophilic layer, used to prevent membrane plugging, was not evenly distributed on the surface. Although this hydrophilic layer seemed to prevent the attachment of proteins, it supported biofilm formation. Three different structures of multispecies biofilm were observed on the retentate side of the membrane: 1) a mono layer, 2) a 3-dimensional structure of a dense matrix of extracellular polymeric substances where different types of bacterial cells were embedded, and 3) cell aggregates. In some of the biofilms, a smooth layer (shell) covered cell aggregates. In the 6-mo-old membranes, part of the shell layer was broken off. Biofilms as observed on the RO membrane were described as having a hill-and-valley type of structure, with hills showing a mushroom-like appearance and valleys comprising dense matrices of extracellular polymers with embedded bacterial cells. Fluorescence microscopy showed live cells on the surface of the biofilm. It is concluded that both cells in the deep layers of biofilm and surface cells may resist cleaning and sanitation. The extent of biofilm formation and the presence of live cells on RO membranes after regular clean in place cycles indicate the need for a more effective cleaning regimen customized for dairy separation systems.
Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Part II: Review and Update on Epidemiologic Correlations

The relationship between ultraviolet radiation and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is further elucidated by a review of case-control studies relating type of exposure to the development of NMSC. Intermittent sun exposure is important in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma, whereas cumulative exposure is important for both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The regional distribution of NMSC is also in areas of sun exposure. Furthermore, there are inherent risk factors for the development of NMSC that include hair and eye colors. Once an individual develops NMSC, he/she has increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or melanoma.
A review on electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries

This paper reviews electrolyte additives used in Li-ion batteries. According to their functions, the additives can be divided into these categories: (1) solid electrolyte interface (SEI) forming improver, (2) cathode protection agent, (3) LiPF 6 salt stabilizer, (4) safety protection agent, (5) Li deposition improver, and (6) other agents such as solvation enhancer, Al corrosion inhibitor, and wetting agent. The function and mechanism of each category additives are generally described and discussed.
A Versatile Sugar Transferase Makes the Cut

The nutrient sensor O-GlcNAc transferase modifies proteins with the O-GlcNAc moiety. In this issue, Capotosti et al. (2011) reveal that O-GlcNAc transferase not only glycosylates the cell-cycle regulator host cell factor 1 but activates it through proteolytic cleavage, providing a surprising link between metabolism and epigenetic regulation of the cell cycle.
Recurrence of subsquamous dysplasia and carcinoma after successful endoscopic and radiofrequency ablation therapy for dysplastic Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia is commonly treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Despite its effectiveness, a concern of any ablative technique is the development of subsquamous intestinal metaplasia, which could have potential for future neoplastic progression. To date, 34 cases of subsquamous neoplasia have been described in the literature after various ablation therapies. However, only three cases of subsquamous neoplasia have been reported after successful RFA treatment of dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus. In this case series, we report on four additional cases of subsquamous neoplasia detected after successful endoscopic resection and RFA for neoplastic and dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus. All four patients were treated successfully with endoscopic resection of their recurrent subsquamous neoplastic and dysplastic lesions. This case series highlights the need for continued surveillance following successful treatment of dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus with RFA.
The submicroscopic structure of the inner segments of the rods and cones in the retina of Uroloncha striata var. domestica Flower.

The membranes surrounding the proximal portion of the inner segments of the rods and cones of an Uroloncha eye, previously thought to be needle-like fibrillar baskets, are the limiting membranes themselves. They are characterized by duplicated pecten-like margins. So far as is known, such structure has never been observed with the light microscope or with the electron microscope. The average distance between each projection, in transverse section, was about 0.24 μ; the width of the projection, 40–70 mμ; the length of the projection, 0.35–0.67 μ. However, the projections become shorter distally until at the most distal portion of the inner segment they are totally lacking. The rod is always surrounded by a regular or an irregular semilunar profile. The inner segment of the rod is a bulge of cytoplasm containing mitochondria, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (α-cytomembranes), numerous fine vesicles and an intermediate electron dense body without a limiting membrane. These cytoplasmic elements are characteristically defined. The intermediate electron dense body is composed of small circular or elongated vesicles embedded in a homogeneous substance. This body is discussed in comparison with previous histochemical studies.
RELIABILITY OF THE MARRIAGE ROLE EXPECTATION INVENTORY

The Marriage Role Expectation Inventory (Dunn & DeBonis, 1979) is a three-page questionnaire of 71 questions. Each question begins "In my marriage I expect . . ." and is scored on a 5-point scale in Likert format anchored by strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, and strongly disagree. It yields a total score and eight area subscores (Authority, Homemaking, Children, Personality, Social Participation, Sexual Relations, Education, and Employment and Support). Lower scores indicate that the respondent expects a traditional marriage; higher scores indicate an expectation for a more companionship-oriented marriage. Although the inventory has been used in a number of studies in the past ten years, virtually no attention has been given to the psychometric properties. Dunn and DeBonis (1979) reported an odd-even reliability coefficient of .95 based on the total scores of 50 respondents. The purpose of the present study was to examine the reliabilities of this scale. As a part of a larger investigation of differences in marriage role expectations of students from married and divorced parents (Marlar, 1992), this scale was administered to 100 undergraduate students who were recruited from required introductory religion courses. These subjects (49 men, 51 women) had a mean age of 19.2 yr. (SD =2.4 yr.). All were single and most (73%) were first-year students. The inventory was administered during the first or second class periods of the semester. Total scale and subscale scores are described in Table 1. A somewhat negatively skewed (skew = -1.32), leptokurtic (kurtosis = 3.93) distribution of Total scores was obtained (A4 = 292.7, SD = 32.7). Total scores showed high reliabilities (alpha = .95, split-half = .87, corrected split-half = .93). Alpha coefficients of individual subscales ranged from .33 to .81. These limited analyses suggest that the Total score possesses unusually high internal consistency. While most subscales possess adequate internal
Installation effects on propeller wake/vortex-induced structure-borne noise transmissions

A laboratory-based test apparatus was employed to investigate the effects of power-plant placement, engine/nacelle mass installation, and wing-to-fuselage attachment methods on propeller-induced structure-borne noise (SBN) transmission levels and their effects on noise-control measures. Data are presented showing SBN transmission is insensitive to propeller spanwise placement, however some sensitivity is seen in propeller-to-wing spacing. Installation of an engine/nacelle mass and variation in wing-to-fuselage attachments have measurable influences on SBN transmission and control measures.
Mortality associated with cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis

Cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis is a rare infection but still occurs and carries a mortality rate up to 60%. It is a polymicrobial infection that is characterized by diffuse necrosis of fascial planes and subcutaneous tissues. Diagnosing early stages of cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis in relationship to other soft tissue infections of odontogenic origin is difficult and leads to less aggressive treatment with resulting increased morbidity and mortality. To prevent this significant mortality and morbidity associated with cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis early presentation, recognition and treatment by health care provider is essential.
Increased SPARC expression promotes U87 glioblastoma invasion in vitro.

Abstract Our recent studies have focused on identifying invasion-promoting genes that are expressed early in brain tumor progression. We identified and characterized SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) as a potential candidate. To determine whether increased SPARC expression functionally promotes brain tumor invasion, SPARC was transfected into U87MG glioblastoma cells using the tetracycline-off gene expression system. The parental cell line (U87MG), the parental transactivator-transfected clone (U87T2) and three selected U87T2–SPARC-transfected clones (A2bi, A2b2 and C2a4) were characterized for endogenous and transfected SPARC expression. In comparison to the parental or U87T2 cell lines, the SPARC-transfected clones demonstrated: (1) morphological changes, (2) increased SPARC transcript and protein abundances that were down-regulated by the tetracycline analog doxycycline, (3) perinuclear localization of the transfected SPARC (consistent with reported localization of SPARC in normal cells in culture) and (4) altered adhesion and increased invasion as assessed by the spheroid confrontation assay. These data indicate that increased SPARC expression contributes to U87 glioblastoma tumor invasion in vitro and that these cell lines will serve as useful reagents to investigate the mechanism(s) by which SPARC promotes this phenotype in vitro and in vivo .
Biomolecular electronics: observation of oriented photocurrents by entrapped platinized chloroplasts

Abstract Electrical contact of the electron transport chain of photosynthesis has been achieved by precipitating colloidal platinum onto the surface of thylakoid membranes. This composite metal-biological membrane material was immobilized on filter paper and sandwiched between metal gauze electrodes. Upon irradiation, oriented photocurrents were observed. The direction of the flow of photocurrent was consistent with the vectorial model of photosynthesis, which predicts that the electric potential of the external surface of photosynthetic membranes swings negative with respect to the internal surface. Control experiments indicated that the oriented nature of the observed photocurrents could not be attributed to structural asymmetries associated with electrodes or to light gradients associated with the direction of illumination.
Lung stem cells

The lung is a relatively quiescent tissue comprised of infrequently proliferating epithelial, endothelial, and interstitial cell populations. No classical stem cell hierarchy has yet been described for the maintenance of this essential tissue; however, after injury, a number of lung cell types are able to proliferate and reconstitute the lung epithelium. Differentiated mature epithelial cells and newly recognized local epithelial progenitors residing in specialized niches may participate in this repair process. This review summarizes recent discoveries and controversies, in the field of stem cell biology, that are not only challenging, but also advancing an understanding of lung injury and repair. Evidence supporting a role for the numerous cell types believed to contribute to lung epithelial homeostasis is reviewed, and initial studies employing cell-based therapies for lung disease are presented. As a detailed understanding of stem cell biology, lung development, lineage commitment, and epithelial differentiation emerges, an ability to modulate lung injury and repair is likely to follow.
Non-invasive discrimination between pancreatic islets and exocrine cells using multiphoton microscopy

In this study, we propose a non-invasive method to distinguish pancreatic islet cells from exocrine cell clusters using multiphoton (MP) imaging. We demonstrate the principle of distinguishing them based on autofluorescence. The results show that MP imaging has a potential to distinguish pancreatic islets from exocrine cells. This ability to distinguish the two cell types could have many applications, such as the examination of fresh pancreatic biopsies when staining is not possible or desirable.
A rule-based poison control expert system

Poison Control Centers throughout the country are responsible for giving advice quickly to patients who have possibly been accidentally poisoned, There exists a need for a more reliable means of accomplishing this task.
Protein targeting to glycogen overexpression results in the specific enhancement of glycogen storage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) plays an important role in the regulation of glycogen synthesis by insulin. Protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) enhances glycogen accumulation by increasing PP1 activity against glycogen-metabolizing enzymes. However, the specificity of PTG's effects on cellular dephosphorylation and glucose metabolism is unclear. Overexpression of PTG in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using a doxycycline-controllable adenoviral construct resulted in a 10–20-fold increase in PTG levels and an 8-fold increase in glycogen levels. Inclusion of 1 μg/ml doxycycline in the media suppressed PTG expression, and fully reversed all PTG-dependent effects. Infection of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the PTG adenovirus caused a marked dephosphorylation and activation of glycogen synthase. The effects of PTG seemed specific, because basal and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of a variety of signaling proteins was unaffected. Indeed, glycogen synthase was the predominant protein whose phosphorylation state was decreased in 32P-labeled cells. PTG overexpression did not alter PP1 protein levels but increased PP1 activity 6-fold against phosphorylase in vitro. In contrast, there was no change in PP1 activity measured using myelin basic protein, suggesting that PTG overexpression specifically directed PP1 activity against glycogen-metabolizing enzymes. To investigate the metabolic consequences of altering PTG levels, glucose uptake and storage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was measured. PTG overexpression did not affect 2-deoxy-glucose transport rates in basal and insulin-stimulated cells but dramatically enhanced glycogen synthesis rates under both conditions. Despite the large increases in cellular glucose flux upon PTG overexpression, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into lipid were unchanged. Cumulatively, these data indicate that PTG overexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes discretely stimulates PP1 activity against glycogen synthase and phosphorylase, resulting in a marked and specific increase in glucose uptake and storage as glycogen.
Europe discovers civet cats and civet

Aromatic civet, the natural product of the civet cat, initially entered the European scene as an imported medicine. Later, when it was obtained from semidomesticated civet cats, more of the valued civet became available and it played an expanded role in the general use of aromatics of vegetable and animal origin. Aromatic herbs, fruits, resins, and roots were very early used in European medicines. One need only consult the Natural History of Pliny and the Materia medica of Dioscorides, both dating from the first century A.D., to appreciate the well-developed medicinal uses of odoriferous vegetable products, many of which came from the East. Of the four medicinal aromatics originating in large animals castoreum, musk, ambergris, and civet three were introduced into European medicine only after the decline of the Roman Empire. Castoreum, or castor, the dried preputial follicles of male and female beavers (Castor fiber) and the secretion obtained from these glands, was known and employed in medicine from ancient times to the early modern period.' In the seventeenth century the English physician Nicholas Culpeper summed up the traditional uses of castoreum:
Structure of the reovirus outer capsid and dsRNA‐binding protein σ3 at 1.8 Å resolution

The crystallographically determined structure of the reovirus outer capsid protein σ3 reveals a two-lobed structure organized around a long central helix. The smaller of the two lobes includes a CCHC zinc-binding site. Residues that vary between strains and serotypes lie mainly on one surface of the protein; residues on the opposite surface are conserved. From a fit of this model to a reconstruction of the whole virion from electron cryomicroscopy, we propose that each σ3 subunit is positioned with the small lobe anchoring it to the protein µ1 on the surface of the virion, and the large lobe, the site of initial cleavages during entry-related proteolytic disassembly, protruding outwards. The surface containing variable residues faces solvent. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains two σ3 subunits, tightly associated as a dimer. One broad surface of the dimer has a positively charged surface patch, which extends across the dyad. In infected cells, σ3 binds dsRNA and inhibits the interferon response. The location and extent of the positively charged surface patch suggest that the dimer is the RNA-binding form of σ3.
A Personal History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Parenting Patterns and Problems:

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is shockingly common among women in the USA and is particularly prevalent among female psychiatric patients. Despite theoretical accounts and empirical evidence that developmental history, especially child abuse, plays a significant role in parenting skills, there are no reports of parenting interventions with mothers with CSA histories. This article reviews the available reports of parenting problems among mothers with CSA histories, and presents clinical case material to illustrate the complexities of treating mothers with CSA histories and their children. Preliminary recommendations for interventions with mothers at risk for intergenerational abuse and mental health problems among their children are outlined.
Sequence stratigraphy and the world sea-level curve: The 2005 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Earth and Environmental Science awarded to Peter R. Vail

Abstract During the mid-1960s, Peter R. Vail at Exxon Production Research Co. led a group working with the new, greatly improved generation of multifold seismic reflection data being shot along the continental margins of the world. The work of this group, inspired by Vail, brought the worlds of stratigraphy and seismic interpretation together in developing the original concepts of seismic stratigraphy . Later these concepts were applied by Vail and his co-workers to well logs, cores, and outcrops, broadening seismic stratigraphy into what is known today as sequence stratigraphy . Using these data the group was documenting and interpreting large-scale, basin-wide depositional patterns, stratal configurations, and unconformities in basins around the world. They proposed a chronology of global sea-level fluctuation as a framework for global correlation, resulting in a world sea-level curve . This further led to a new eustatic sea-level model. The results of these studies impacted on many scientific disciplines, but its implications for the petroleum industry have been extensive. A review of 19th- and 20th-Century stratigraphic thought on unconformities and unconformity-bounded stratal units suggests that Peter Vail followed in the footsteps of the eminent stratigraphers Charles Lyell, T. C. Chamberlain, and L. L. Sloss, his former teacher. For his contributions to sequence stratigraphy and the world sea-level curve , Peter R. Vail was awarded the 2005 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Earth and Environmental Science.
Gender and ethnic concentration and employment prospects for Mexican-American migrants.

There is a growing body of literature on both female and ethnic migration, including the effects of migration on earnings and employment. The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of migration on the employment of Mexican-Americans. This paper attempts to answer the question, "what effect, if any, does the migration of Mexican-Americans have on their employment outcomes?" To explore this question the empirical research is situated within a gendered and ethnic theoretical framework. Using the 1990 Public Use Microsample (PUMS) data for the empirical analysis, the effects are differentiated by gender and examined as to how localized concentrations of coethnics affect the returns to migration, after controlling for migration self-selection bias. The results suggest migration decreases the employment probabilities for married women with no significant effect for single women or men. Greater percentage of coethnics increases employment for all groups except single women.
Assessing Sediment Yield for Selected Watersheds in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin Under Future Agricultural Scenarios

In the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin (GLB), corn acreage has been expanding since 2005 in response to high demand for corn as an ethanol feedstock. This study integrated remote sensing-derived products and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) within a geographic information system (GIS) modeling environment to assess the impacts of cropland change on sediment yield within four selected watersheds in the GLB. The SWAT models were calibrated during a 6 year period (2000–2005), and predicted stream flows were validated. The R2 values were 0.76, 0.80, 0.72, and 0.81 for the St. Joseph River, the St. Mary River, the Peshtigo River, and the Cattaraugus Creek watersheds, respectively. The corresponding E (Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) values ranged from 0.24 to 0.79. The average annual sediment yields (tons/ha/year) ranged from 0.12 to 4.44 for the baseline (2000 to 2008) condition. Sediment yields were predicted to increase for possible future cropland change scenarios. The first scenario was to convert all “other” agricultural row crop types (i.e., sorghum) to corn fields and switch the current/baseline crop rotation into continuous corn. The average annual sediment yields increased 7–42 % for different watersheds. The second scenario was to further expand the corn planting to hay/pasture fields. The average annual sediment yields increased 33–127 % compared with baseline conditions.
Rapid and large-scale purification and characterization of renin from mouse submaxillary gland

Abstract Little is known about the structural basis for the highly restricted substrate specificity of renin, whose only function known to date is to hydrolyze the unique leucyl peptide bond in the prohormone angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I. Our lack of knowledge is due to our inability to purify this enzyme in a large quantity sufficient for structural studies. A two-step column chromatographic method for rapid and large-scale purification of renin from mouse submaxillary gland has been developed. It allows isolation of the enzyme in a hundreds-of-milligrams quantity at an overall yield of 60%. Single bands obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and the result of ultracentrifugal studies indicated homogeneity of the product. The moelcular weight of renin was estimated to be 36,000 by sedimentation equilibrium studies in 6 m guanidine · HCl. Sedimentation velocity study gave a single sedimenting boundary with an s 20,w of 2.58 × 10 −13 s. A Stokes radius of 27 A was obtained by gel filtration. The far ultraviolet-circular dichroism spectrum indicated a high content of β-structure (46%). In contrast to renal renin, submaxillary gland renin does not contain amino sugars or neutral sugars. No renin activity was retained by concanavalin Aagarose gels. Results of amino acid analysis, isoelectric focusing, and determination of amino-terminal residues by the dansylchloride reaction, together indicated that this protein is identical with renin A isolated previously in a much smaller quantity.
Tropical–extratropical connection in interannual variation of the tropopause: Comparison between NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and an atmospheric general circulation model simulation

[1] Interannual variation of the tropopause is investigated by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to the zonal mean and eddy tropopause temperatures obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis. For the zonal mean tropopause temperatures, we find that the first PC represents the out-of-phase coherent variations between the tropics and the Northern Hemispheric (NH) polar region during NH late winter to early spring and the second PC represents the variations between the tropics and the Southern Hemispheric (SH) polar region during SH spring. The same analysis is applied to the zonal mean tropopause simulated in SUNYA Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3), and the tropopause variations associated with the two PCs are reproduced, with about 74% of the NCEP/NCAR tropopause variability for the first PC and about 44% of the variability for the second PC. The model thermal budget indicates that the first PC is associated with the variation of dynamical heating in the NH polar region and the second PC is associated with the variation of O3 anomalies in the SH polar region. To investigate how the tropopause variation is modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), which is not simulated in the model, singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to the NCEP/NCAR tropopause temperatures and zonal winds. The QBO accounts for about 16% of the zonal wind variability associated with the first PC and about 36% of the zonal wind variability associated with the second PC. For the eddy tropopause temperatures, the interannual variation associated with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is evident. In the extratropics over the Pacific North American (PNA) sector, the anomalies are out of phase with the dumbbell-shaped anomalies located in the tropical eastern Pacific and are related to the anomalies in horizontal heat advection caused by the response of extratropical stationary waves. The model can simulate the ENSO-related tropopause variability close to the corresponding NCEP/NCAR's variability, although the model anomalies in the tropical western Pacific are too small.
Existence and stability of travelling wave solutions of competition models: A degree theoretic approach

arise in various aspects of the scierices and engineering. In particular, they have been used to describe the evolution of interacting and diffusing species in mathematical ecology. This paper is concerned with competitive interactions; the purpose is to obtain large-amplitude, stable travelling wave solutions of (1) with arbitrary constant diffusion coefficients, and which are consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion. The existence and stability of large-amplitude solutions of systems is an important problem in nonlinear diffusion; see, for example, Fife [7]. We obtain such solutions for a robust class of nonlinear terms. This extends previous results of a similar nature which were proved with more restrictive hypotheses on f and g; see Gardner [ 11 ]. We also obtain the C O stability of such solutions. The method of proof employs topological degree. We construct a homotopy from a given field (f, g) to a new field, (f , ~) which is the gradient of a real-valued function. The results of [11] are then applied to obtain a travelling wave when the field is sufficiently near (f , ~). Next, we prove an a priori comparison theorem. In particular, we show that the components of the solution of (1) can be wedged between translates of the components of the travelling wave (modulo an exponentially decaying term in t), provided that the initial data are wavelike, (for a precise definition, see Theorem 2.3), and that a travelling front with monotone components exists. To this end, we
A Contingency Approach to Labor Relations Strategies

Our purpose in this paper is to identify the link between various behaviors involved in labor relations and organizational strategies. To this end, we have developed a typology and model of union/management behavior. The typology identifies companies according to the extent of unionization of the company and industry and according to union characteristics, and the model predicts labor relations strategy according to the match between company resources and union aggressiveness.
Tandem high dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for initial relapse of testicular germ cell cancer

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of two cycles of high dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in the treatment of patients having a first relapse of testicular germ cell cancer. METHODS Twenty-five patients whose disease had relapsed after 1 platinum-based regimen received 1-2 cycles of conventional dose salvage therapy, followed by a planned 2 consecutive cycles of carboplatin 2100 mg/m2 and etoposide 2250 mg/m2 with ABMT. Patients were required to have testicular germ cell cancer, adequate organ function, and performance status. The median patient age was 32 years; 3 cisplatin refractory. RESULTS Conventional dose salvage therapy consisted of vinblastine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (for 16 patients); etoposide, cisplatin, and ifosfamide (for 3 patients); cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (for 2 patients); or none (for 4 patients). Twenty-five patients received high dose therapy; of these, 19 (76%) received two cycles. The median time to an absolute neutrophil count of 500 was 12 days (range, 8-20 days) for the first cycle and and 11 days (range, 8-18 days) for the second. The median time to a platelet count of 20,000/μL, independent of transfusions, was 15 days (range, 8-60 days) for the first cycle and 14 days (range, 8-22 days) for the second. Extramyeloid toxicities were as follows: Grade 3-4 stomatitis in 17 of 25 patients, Grade 3-4 nausea/emesis in 12 of 25 patients, and Grade 3 ototoxicity in 3 of 25 patients. At the completion of therapy, nine patients were in complete remission, six had only teratoma found at resection, one had carcinoma resected, six were in partial remission, two had stable disease, and one had progressive disease. With a median follow-up period of 26 months (range, 14-36 months), 13 of 25 patients (52%) had been continuously progression free at last follow-up, 11 of 25 (44%) progressed, and 1 patient died in treatment. CONCLUSIONS Salvage treatment incorporating brief conventional dose therapy followed by two cycles of high dose therapy resulted in prolonged disease free survival in a proportion of patients with relapsed testicular germ cell cancer. Cancer 1997; 79:1605-10. © 1997 American Cancer Society
Can theories be tested?: a cryptographic treatment of forecast testing

How do we test if a weather forecaster actually knows something about whether it will rain or not? Intuitively, a "good" forecast test should be complete---namely, a forecaster knowing the distribution of Nature should be able to pass the test with high probability, and sound---an uninformed forecaster should only be able to pass the test with small probability. We provide a comprehensive cryptographic study of the feasibility of complete and sound forecast testing, introducing various notions of both completeness and soundness, inspired by the literature on interactive proofs. Our main technical result is an incompleteness theorem for our most basic notion of computationally sound and complete forecast testing: If Nature is implemented by a polynomial-time algorithm, then every complete polynomial-time test can be passed by a completely uninformed polynomial-time forecaster (i.e., a computationally-bounded "charlatan") with high probability. We additionally study alternative notions of soundness and completeness and present both positive and negative results for these notions.
Production, identity preservation, and labeling in a marketplace with genetically modified and non-genetically modified foods

As the demand for food and fiber grew during the past 300 years, because of the Earth's expanding human population and rising per capita incomes, society met this demand first by increasing the land area under cultivation and later by improving crops so that their yields were higher. Before 1900,
A proven domain-independent scientific function-finding algorithm

Programs such as Bacon, Abacus, Coper, Kepler and others are designed to find functional relationships of scientific significance in numerical data without relying on the deep domain knowledge scientists normally bring to bear in analytic work. Whether these systems actually perform as intended is an open question, however. To date, they have been supported only by anecdotal evidence-reports that a desirable answer has been found in one or more handselected and often artificial cases. In this paper, I describe a function-finding algorithm which differs radically from previous candidates in three respects. First, it concentrates rather on reliable identification of a few functional forms than on heuristic search of an infinite space of potential relations. Second, it introduces the use of distinction, significance and lack of fitthree general concepts of value in evaluating apparent functional relationships. Finally, and crucially, the algorithm has been tested prospectively on an extensive collection of real scientific data sets. Though I claim much less than previous investigators about the power of my approach, these claims may be considered-to a degree quite unfamiliar in function-finding research-as conclusively proven.
Validation of an automated safety surveillance system with prospective, randomized trial data.

Objective. We sought to validate 3 methods for automated safety monitoring by evaluating clinical trials with elevated adverse events.Methods. An automated outcomes surveillance system was used to ...
Early Graft-Sigmoid Erosion in a Patient with Prior Sigmoid Resection—A Case Report

Aortobifemoral graft-sigmoid colon erosion occurred one week postopera tively in a patient with prior sigmoid resection. A brief review of the literature and a surgical option for prevention of thi...
Txe, an endoribonuclease of the enterococcal Axe–Txe toxin–antitoxin system, cleaves mRNA and inhibits protein synthesis

The axe–txe operon encodes a toxin–antitoxin (TA) pair, Axe–Txe, that was initially identified on the multidrug-resistance plasmid pRUM in Enterococcus faecium. In Escherichia coli, expression of the Txe toxin is known to inhibit cell growth, and co-expression of the antitoxin, Axe, counteracts the toxic effect of Txe. Here, we report the nucleotide sequence of pS177, a 39 kb multidrug-resistant plasmid isolated from vancomycin-resistant Ent. faecium, which harbours the axe–txe operon and the vanA gene cluster. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the axe–txe transcript is produced by strain S177 as well as by other vancomycin-resistant enteroccoci. Moreover, we determine the mechanism by which the Txe protein exerts its toxic activity. Txe inhibits protein synthesis in E. coli without affecting DNA or RNA synthesis, and inhibits protein synthesis in a cell-free system. Using in vivo primer extension analysis, we demonstrate that Txe preferentially cleaves single-stranded mRNA at the first base after an AUG start codon. We conclude that Txe is an endoribonuclease which cleaves mRNA and inhibits protein synthesis.
Neurons in the fusiform gyrus are fewer and smaller in autism

Abnormalities in face perception are a core feature of social disabilities in autism. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies showed that patients with autism could perform face perception tasks. However, the fusiform gyrus (FG) and other cortical regions supporting face processing in controls are hypoactive in patients with autism. The neurobiological basis of this phenomenon is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the FG shows neuropathological alterations in autism, namely alterations in neuron density, total neuron number and mean perikaryal volume. We investigated the FG (analysing separately layers II, III, IV, V and VI), in seven post-mortem brains from patients with autism and 10 controls for volume, neuron density, total neuron number and mean perikaryal volume with high-precision design-based stereology. To determine whether these results were specific for the FG, the same analyses were also performed in the primary visual cortex and in the cortical grey matter as a whole. Compared to controls, patients with autism showed significant reductions in neuron densities in layer III, total neuron numbers in layers III, V and VI, and mean perikaryal volumes of neurons in layers V and VI in the FG. None of these alterations were found in the primary visual cortex or in the whole cerebral cortex. Although based on a relatively small sample of post-mortem brains from patients with autism and controls, the results of the present study may provide important insight about the cellular basis of abnormalities in face perception in autism.
Large Atrial Myxoma Causing Dynamic Obstruction of the Mitral Valve and Atrial Fibrillation

A 42-year-old healthy dairy farmer experienced 2 months of progressive exertional dyspnea and fatigue. Two days before presentation he noted palpitations at rest. Ausculatory cardiac examination revealed an irregular rhythm with an early diastolic plop. Electrocardiographic finding of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (Figure, A) was poorly responsive to intravenous diltiazem drip. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe left atrial dilation and a large mobile left atrial mass causing pseudostenosis and mitral valve regurgitation (Video, Figure, B). Within 12 hours, the cardiac surgery team performed a mass excision and a maze procedure. The myxoma measured 5.2 × 4.8 × 3.7 cm and was attached to the left atrial surface by a broad stalk near the posteromedial commissure of the mitral valve, close to the annulus (Figure, B). The postoperative transthoracic echocardiogram showed no marked mitral valve regurgitation and an intact atrial septum. The patient's symptoms and electrocardiographic findings resolved after surgery. Myxomas make up half of the primary cardiac tumors in adults, and 75% are in the left atrium.1 Unlike malignant neoplasms, myxomas arise from the endocardium, vary widely in size, and are pedunculated and gelatinous (Figure, C). Histologic diagnosis is based on hematoxylin and eosin stain showing myxoma cells in a mucopolysaccharide stroma (Figure, D). Auscultatory findings of valvular abnormalities are common (64%), with classic “tumor plop” in 30%.2 Systemic embolization is present in 30% to 40% of patients, and valvular obstruction can cause sudden cardiac death, so high suspicion and prompt resection are required.2
Role of imaging in bariatric procedures: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

Morbid obesity is an increasing health problem in western countries and as a consequence bariatric procedures are increasingly performed in both private practice and academic centers. At present, the two most commonly performed procedures, laparoscopic adjustable gastric band and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, are effective treatment options for morbid obesity with sustained weight loss, decreased morbidity, reversal of comorbidities and prolonged life expectancy. However, many complications may occur following these procedures and patients are often assessed with CT or fluoroscopy examinations. It is important to be aware of the expected postsurgical anatomy and potential complications that may be identified on imaging studies in order to avoid misdiagnosis.