cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role for professional development in sustainability: linking the written curriculum to enactment

Learning Sciences researchers have a tradition of developing inquiry-oriented and technology-rich curriculum materials, often in the context of design-based research on learning. But what becomes of the materials developed after the research is completed? A key challenge for the Learning Sciences is to address the issue of sustainability for the materials we develop. Professional development (PD) can help teachers make adaptations to the written curriculum while maintaining its integrity. We examine empirical data from a study of PD in the context of inquiry-oriented curricular reform to show how PD aligned with written curriculum and informed by enacted curriculum can influence teachers' practice in ways that are consistent with the goals of the curriculum designers. We conclude with a model for PD design informed both by the written and enacted curriculum to facilitate teacher planning that allows for adaptations that maintain fidelity to the curriculum design.
Approach and Avoidance Temperament as Basic Dimensions of Personality

This research comprises 6 studies designed to examine approach and avoidance temperament as basic dimensions of personality. In Study 1, we developed direct measures of approach and avoidance temperament. In Study 2, we demonstrated that the approach and avoidance temperament variables are not epiphenomena of response biases. In Study 3, we documented the test-retest stability of the temperament variables. In Study 4, we documented that approach and avoidance temperament are separate from other like-valenced variables and may be construed as the core of these variables. In Study 5, we documented that approach and avoidance temperament are separate from chronic promotion and prevention foci. In Study 6, we distinguished the temperament variables from achievement goal variables and documented the temperament variables as antecedents of achievement goals and achievement goals as proximal predictors of performance. Approach and avoidance temperament are discussed as an ideal foundation for a strong, enduring structure of personality.
Discovery of wild tetraploid sweetpotatoes

Specimens in the germplasm collection at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in Charleston, SC, were studied to examine phylogenetic relations of the tetraploid accessions inIpomoea sectionBatatas. This collection contains tetraploidsfrom a wide geographic range and most were tentatively identified by the collector asI. trifida. This study shows that corolla and sepal traits may be used to distinguish the tetraploidsfrom known specimens ofI. trifida (diploid) andI. batatas (hexaploid). All but one tetraploid accession examined (CH67.50) had corolla tubes and sepals shaped likeI. batatas and more closely resembled that species thanI. trifida. Use of corolla tube diameter allowed the hexaploidI. batatas and tetraploid accessions to be distinguished fromI. trifida because the corolla tubes were wider immediately above the calyx. Differences in sepal shape were quantified using the angle at the sepal apex. This angle was consistently obtuse in theI. batatas hexaploids and the tetraploids, but was acute in theI. trifida accessions. Due to similarities in sepal and corolla traits, these tetraploids should be reidentified as tetraploidI. batatas, a cytological race of the hexaploid I. batatas (the sweetpotato).
Inductive Inference in Finite Algebraic Structures

An algorithm is presented that is capable of performing inductive inference in finite algebraic structures. Given a set of functions defined by a partial list of their values, the task of the algorithm is to hypothesize a “reasonable model” and to infer from it the “missing” function values. The model is constructed stepwise in evolutionary fashion.
Abstract 12968: Disparity of Strain Measurements Using Single Vendor Analysis Programs

Background: Serial strain measurements for detection of early, subclinical disease are being advocated by some guidelines, which advise modification of treatment based on these results. Inconsistency of strain data between different vendors is problematic and acknowledged. We sought to determine if this disparity in strain measurement also occurs using different analysis programs from the same vendor. Methods: Offline analysis was performed to assess 2D longitudinal strain on 20 consecutive subjects. Apical views (4-chamber [4ch], 2-chamber [3ch], and 3-chamber [3ch]) were used to obtain regional and mean global strain (GLS). Analysis was performed using commercial software (EchoPAC BT12; GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway) with semi-automated tissue tracking. Strain measurements on the same images were then repeated with a newer version of the software (EchoPAC, BT13) featuring automatic tissue tracking and using vendor-neutral software (EchoInsight, Epsilon Imaging, MI). Strain data was then compared using p...
Unmixed signals: How reputation and status affect alliance formation

We analyze how incumbents in technology-driven industries are influenced by founders' reputation and status when considering strategic alliances with newly emerging firms. We theorize that reputation and status represent two distinct components of perceived quality that exert independent and interdependent effects on alliance formation. Using literature on impression formation processes to derive predictions of signal congruence, we argue that the independent effects of reputation and status are amplified when the two are congruent, and that the effect of negative congruence (both reputation and status are low) is stronger than positive congruence (both are high). We find support for our arguments based on panel data on alliances between pharma and biotech firms, using data on biotech scientists' research output (reputation) and university attended (status). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: The Importance of Physeal Stability

To test the traditional classification system of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, we evaluated the presenting symptoms and radiographs of fifty-four patients and reclassified the slipped epiphyses as unstable or stable, rather than acute, chronic, or acute-on-chronic. Slips were considered to be unstable when the patient had such severe pain that weight-bearing was not possible even with crutches. Slips were considered to be stable when the patient could bear weight, with or without crutches. We reviewed the records on fifty-five hips in which the slip would have been classified as acute because the duration of symptoms was less than three weeks; thirty of these were unstable and twenty-five were stable. All slips were treated with internal fixation. A reduction occurred in twenty-six of the unstable hips and in two of the stable hips. Fourteen (47 per cent) of the thirty unstable hips and twenty-four (96 per cent) of the twenty-five stable hips had a satisfactory result. Avascular necrosis developed in fourteen (47 per cent) of the unstable hips and in none of the stable hips. We were not able to demonstrate an association between early reduction and the development of avascular necrosis.
Involvement of vitamin E and protein thiols in the inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation by glutathione.

Iron-ascorbate stimulated lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes can be inhibited by glutathione (GSH). The role of protein thiols and vitamin E in this process was studied in liver microsomes isolated from rats fed diets either sufficient or deficient in vitamin E and incubated at 37°C unde 100% O2. Lipid peroxidation was induced by adding 400 μM adenosine 5′-triphosphate, 2.5 to 20 μM FeCl3, and 450 μM ascorbic acid. One mL of the incubation mixture was removed at defined intervals for the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein thiols and vitamin E. In vitamin E sufficient microsomes, the addition of GSH enhanced the lag time prior to the onset of maximal TBARS accumulation and inhibited the loss of vitamin E. Treatment of these microsomes with the protein thiol oxidant diamide resulted in a 56% loss of protein thiols, but did not significantly change vitamin E levels. However, diamide treatment abolished the GSH-mediated protection against TBARS formation and loss of vitamin E during ascorbate-induced peroxidation. Liver microsomes isolated from rats fed a vitamin E deficient diet contained 40-fold less vitamin E and generated levels of TBARS similar to vitamin E sufficient microsomes at a 4-fold lower concentration of iron. GSH did not affect the lag time prior to the onset of maximal TBARS formation in vitamin E deficient microsomes although total TBARS accumulation was inhibited. Similar to what was previously found in vitamin E sufficient microsomes [Palamanda and Kehrer, (1992)Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 293, 103–109], GSH prevented the loss of protein thiols in vitamin E deficient microsomes. However, GSH did not protect efficiently against the loss of residual vitamin E in deficient microsomes. These data provide support for the concept that GSH protects against microsomal lipid peroxidation by maintaining protein thiols, and consequently vitamin E, in the reduced state. The lack of protection in vitamin E deficient microsomes may be related to the inability of such low levels of vitamin E to inhibit peroxidation.
Helium exhaust and transport studies with the ALT-II pump limiter in the TEXTOR tokamak.

The first encouraging experiments demonstrating direct, explicit control of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{2+}$ density in a tokamak plasma have been performed in the TEXTOR tokamak with the Advanced Limiter Test-II pump limiter. Helium is injected in a short gas puff from the outside of the plasma, is observed to reach the plasma core, and then is readily removed from the plasma. An exhaust efficiency of \ensuremath{\sim}8% is obtained. Active charge-exchange spectroscopy is used to study the exhaust and transport of ${\mathrm{He}}^{2+}$ within the plasma, and the density evolution is modeled with a diffusive-convective transport code.
Vitrectomy in the Treatment of Ocular Perforating Injuries

Using pars plana (closed) vitrectomy with related procedures we achieved improved vision in certain catagories of perforating ocular injuries. These procedures were particularly useful in removing retained nonmagnetic foreign bodies and correcting retinal detachments associated with traction bands and opaque vitreous. Limited success was obtained with longstanding injuries, double perforations from shotgun injuries, and large corneoscleral lacerations. Early vitreous surgery produced the best results.
Meeting the Challenge of Preparing Reflective Practitioners

Preparing teachers to be reflective practitioners is the goal embraced by most teacher education programs. Reflective practitioners infuse personal beliefs and values into a professional identity, resulting in the development of a deliberate code of conduct. They challenge assumptions and expectations that may limit their potential for tolerance and acceptance, vital tools for thriving in today's diverse classrooms. This article discusses the need to prepare reflective practitioners and the essential attributes required. Additionally, the article reviews the research on creating a learning climate conducive to facilitating the development of teachers as reflective practitioners.
Duality-invariant orthogonality relation between the magnetic monopole and associated quark charges

Duality invariance of the Dirac-Schwinger charge-symmetric theory for electromagnetism leads one to consider the complex-valued amplitudesψ1 andψ2 for the separation between the magnetic monopole and quarks in the logarithmic charge plane. It is observed that the orthogonality relation on the latter amplitudes, Re(ψ1*ψ2)=0, is equivalent to the equation (ln 9α−1)(ln 2)=(1/2)π2, which is indeed satisfied by the experimental value fora to within 0.027%. In addition to fixing the unit of electric charge at a primary physical value, the orientation ofψ1,ψ2 may also prescribe the Cabibbo angle to have the theoretical value 12.4438∘.
Theory of bulk moduli of hard solids

Abstract Two theoretical approache are describes to examine the bulk moduli of solids. The first is based on an ab initio method requiring only the atomic numbers of the constituent atoms as input. The second is a much simpler empirical approach which is applicable to diamond and zinc blende solids and uses the nearest-neighbor bond length as input. Both methods give comparable results, but the inition approach can be used to study the details of the structural, bonding and electronic properties of solids. Thi s aspect of the ab initio method is illustrated by a description of the bonding changes during a graphite-to-diamond pressure-induced transition and by a study of the structural and bonding properties of BN, BP, BAs and SiC.
Neuritic growth maintained near the lesion site long after spinal cord transection in the newborn rat

The spinal cord of neonatal and weanling rats was mid-thoracically transected. Either 3 or 6 months later the borders of the lesion site were studied using electron microscopy. No sign of axonal regeneration through the lesion site was found in either group, even though the glial reaction was minimal in neonatal operates. In both groups of operates, reactive axonal endings, presumed to result from the original surgery, and neuritic growth were found in a reactive zone on both sides of the lesion site. We conclude that the potential for axonal growth (regeneration or generation) is maintained at the borders of the lesion in both groups of operates.
Nonhuman primates have a high proportion of regulatory T-cells after lymphocyte depletion

Abstract Introduction: Aggressive lymphocyte depletion promotes tolerance in nonhuman primates (NHPs) but not in humans. CD4+ memory-like T-cells impede tolerance in patients treated with lymphocyte depletion, while cells with potential regulatory function (Treg) may promote tolerance. To investigate the differential tolerogenesis in NHPs and humans we questioned whether NHP and human memory and Treg cells responded similarly to depletion. Methods: Three cynomolgus macaques received high-dose rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG). Peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed using polychromatic flow cytometry. NHP results were compared with 10 patients depleted with RATG or alemtuzumab. Results: Similar dynamics were observed in CD4+ memory cells, those effecting depletion-refractory rejection. They were relatively resistant to depletion, comprising 17% of lymphocytes in NHPs and 60% in humans, and repopulated briskly. In contrast to humans, Treg (CD4+CD25+ and CD4-CD8-) were resistant to depletion in NHPs. Treg constituted 30% of total lymphocytes at the nadir of depletion in NHPs, but Conclusions: CD4+ memory cells respond similarly to aggressive depletion in NHPs and humans. NHPs manifest a high ratio of Treg to memory T-cells, which may be associated with tolerance. Therefore, post-treatment lymphocyte composition may predict the tolerogenic response to depletion and should be considered when applying preclinical data to clinical trials.
Maximizing the expected time to ruin for a company operating N distinct funds with a ‘superclaims’ process

Abstract Consider a company operating N distinct funds, each fund with its own distinct initial reserve, premium rates and distinct claims process. Superimposed upon these is an independent ‘superclaims’ process which the company must honor, and chooses to pay off via only one of the distinct funds uniquely until that fund is ruined, whereupon the ‘superclaims’ will be honored from another of the remaining funds (uniquely) until that fund is ruined, and so on. The company is ‘ruined’ when its last remaining fund is ruined. In this paper we derive the optimal policy to maximize the expected time until the company is ruined. The policy is of index form.
Decay of Order in Classical Many-Body Systems. I. Introduction and Formal Theory

In this work we briefly review the Ornstein-Zernike prediction for the decay of correlation functions, extend it to treat the decay of correlation near surfaces, and then contrast this prediction with the exactly known results for the two-dimensional Ising model. We develop the transfer-matrix approach to classical statistical mechanics in sufficient generality for its use in later papers in this series, where it is employed to derive general forms for the decay of correlation functions in Ising models away from the critical point, which provide a clear explanation of the failure of the Ornstein-Zernike theory for the two-dimensional Ising model. In particular, we show that the thermodynamic behavior of a classical system with short-range interactions reduces, when the system becomes infinite in at least one dimension, to the calculation of the largest eigenvalue of the transfer matrix. Using the Perron-Fr\"obenius theorem, we show that for a system infinite in no more than one dimension, an arbitrary correlation function defined on the system decays at least exponentially fast. One is able to predict whether the decay of correlation is monotone or oscillatory on the basis of the largest few eigenvalues of the transfer matrix.
Sign, cause, or general habit? Toward a “historicist ontology” of character on the early modern stage

(1997). Sign, cause, or general habit? Toward a “historicist ontology” of character on the early modern stage. The European Legacy: Vol. 2, Fourth International Conference of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas, pp. 217-222.
Reflections on the Invited Response Dominant Themes in Current NHRD Research

We offer our reflections on McLean’s reaction and critique of our original article in which we developed an NHRD strategy model building process through cross case country comparisons of China and ...
Siren songs: Ritual and revolution in the Peruvian Andes

This article examines the radicalization of carnival practices and music in the Fajardo province of Ayacucho, Peru, at the outset of the Shining Path guerrilla war in 1980. The simultaneous rise of formal song contests and Shining Path organizing in Fajardo cannot be separated in this history as both were key elements in a popular regional discourse of modernization and development. Often interpreted as transparent statements of Maoist propaganda, or, conversely, as organic expressions of Andean peasant rebelliousness, revolutionary song performances are instead positioned here as complex sites where local attitudes to politics and ideology were created, debated and transformed.
A Numerical Method to Obtain the Equilibrium Results for the Multiple Finite Source Priority Queueing Model

In this paper a numerical method is presented to obtain the equilibrium results of the multiple finite source queueing model having a single server using a nonpreemptive fixed priority service discipline and where each class of customers has a different exponential interarrival density function and arbitrary service time distribution function. This solution method uses the method of imbedded Markov Chain and the renewal reward theorem to find the proportion of time the server is busy with the customers of different classes. The equilibrium results are then related to these proportions using an extension of Little's formula.
Narrating and Naturalizing Civil Society and Citizenship Theory: The Place of Political Culture and the Public Sphere

L'A. s'interroge sur la nature du concept de culture politique. Il montre que celui-ci est enracine dans un contexte historique qui implique une culture politique propre. Il s'efforce donc de comprendre son elaboration selon une approche en terme de sociologie historique. Il examine un certain nombre de travaux concernant l'elaboration de ce cadre conceptuel. Il s'attache plus particulierement a comprendre l'histoire de la notion de citoyennete dans le monde anglo-americain, il lie sa perspective a une epistemologie du naturalisme social
A study on the (2+1)-dimensional and the (2+1)-dimensional higher-order Burgers equations

Abstract The (2 + 1)-dimensional Burgers equation and the (2 + 1)-dimensional higher-order Burgers equation are investigated. The Cole–Hopf transformation method is used to carry out this study. Multiple-kink solutions are formally derived for each equation.
Policy Update: Cellulosic biofuels market uncertainties and government policy

Potential investors in cellulosic biofuels face a number of different uncertainties that collectively deter investment in the sector. I characterize the uncertainties in three major groups: market,...
Large deformations of a whirling elastic cable

The large deformation of a whirling elastic cable is studied. The ends of the cable are hinged but otherwise free to translate along the rotation axis. The nonlinear governing equations depend on a rotation-elastic parameterJ. Bifurcation about the straight, axially rotating case occurs whenJ ≧ nπ. Perturbation solutions about the bifurcation points and matched asymptotic solutions forJ ≫ 1 are found to second order. Exact numerical solutions are obtained using quasi-Newton and homotopy methods.
Designing a hexacopter for the collection of atmospheric flow data

Vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction in the atmosphere are typically collected using radiosondes attached to free-flying or tethered balloons. This method is inefficient when data are only required for the first hundred feet above the ground. Free-flying balloons and the attached payload drift away from the launching location and are often not recovered. Tethered balloons require large amounts of helium and become unstable with increased winds, and inflating balloons takes an extended period of time and requires a skilled team. The scope of this project is to eliminate the impracticalities of balloon-based measurement systems by creating a recoverable, versatile, user-friendly unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The project requires development of a flight-control system, a data-collection system, and a communications and user interface. The development of the flight-control system involved researching autonomous flight controllers, followed by the construction, prototyping, and tuning of a hexacopter. Creating the data collection system required researching environmental sensors and determining the effects of the copter motion on sensor performance. The designed communications interface incorporated realtime data flow and local storage on the copter. The final product will be an autonomously flying hexacopter which can collect accurate weather-related data within the lowest 1000 feet of the atmosphere.
Accurate thermochemical properties for energetic materials applications. II. Heats of formation of imidazolium-, 1,2,4-triazolium-, and tetrazolium-based energetic salts from isodesmic and lattice energy calculations

A computational approach to the prediction of the heats of formation (DeltaH(f)degrees' s of solid-state energetic salts from electronic structure and volume-based thermodynamics (VBT) calculations is described. The method uses as its starting point reliable DeltaH(f)degrees' s for energetic precursor molecules and ions. The DeltaH(f)degrees' s of more complex energetics species such as substituted imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and tetrazole molecules and ions containing amino, azido, and nitro (including methyl) substituents are calculated using an isodesmic approach at the MP2/complete basis set level. On the basis of comparisons to experimental data for neutral analogues, this isodesmic approach is accurate to <3 kcal/mol for the predicted cation and anion DeltaH(f)degrees' s. The DeltaH(f)degrees' s of the energetic salts in the solid state are derived from lattice energy (U(L)) calculations using a VBT approach. Improved values for the alpha and beta parameters of 19.9 (kcal nm)/mol and 37.6 kcal/mol for the U(L) equation were obtained on the basis of comparisons to experimental U(L)' s for a series of 23 salts containing ammonium, alkylammonium, and hydrazinium cations. The total volumes are adjusted to account for differences between predicted and experimental total volumes due to different shapes of the ions (flat vs spherical). The predicted DeltaH(f)degrees' s of the energetic salts are estimated to have error bars of 6-7 kcal/mol, on the basis of comparisons to established experimental DeltaH(f)degrees' s of a subset of the salts studied. Energetic salts with the highest positive DeltaH(f)degrees' s are predicted for azido-containing cations, coupled with heterocyclic anions containing nitro substituents. The substitution of functional groups on carbon versus nitrogen atoms of the heterocyclic cations has interesting stabilization and destabilization effects, respectively.
Adaptive torque control of in-stream hydrokinetic turbines

In-stream hydrokinetic turbines, devices that generate electrical power from moving currents without the use of dams, have the potential to significantly impact the electrical power portfolio of many countries. This work focuses on improving the power production of in-stream hydrokinetic turbines by implementing an adaptive controller that regulates shaft torque. This controller is evaluated using a numerical rotor simulation that utilizes a blade element momentum approach with a dynamic wake in-flow model. The conducted numerical simulations demonstrate that adaptive control can effectively converge a sub-optimal controller gain to an optimal one that maximizes shaft power using only measured RPM and flow speed values.
Personality Type, Organizational Norms and Self-Esteem:

To measure the relations of personality type, self-esteem, and job satisfaction 102 managers in New York were given a battery of tests, including the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the similarity or congruence of each subject's personality type with what had been determined to be the organizational norm for each organization in the study. Subjects with personality types most similar to the organizational norm had higher self-esteem and lower turnover rates. No correlation was found with personality type congruence and job satisfaction.
Three reaction pathways in the H + HCO --> H2 + CO reaction.

We report quasiclassical trajectory calculations of the H + HCO → H2 + CO reaction using a recent global potential energy surface. Three microscopic pathways are identified for this reaction. One i...
Kinetic limitations on the trapping of nascent phosphate for cytochemical localization of yeast acid phosphatase

The location of extracytoplasmic acid phosphatase in haploid, diploid, and polyploid cells ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae was examined by cytochemical electron microscopy. In all cases, in the presence of lead nitrate and low concentrations of glycerophosphate, the reaction product (lead phosphate) was restricted to the periplasmic space. With higher substrate concentrations (which are typical of those previously employed by others) precipitates also appeared on the cell wall surface of some specimens; a result previously reported by three other laboratories. The surface deposits are deemed artifacts from incomplete lead capture under high enzymatic rates of orthophosphate generation. A model system that supports this is presented.
Exploring Indian Secondary Teachers' Orientations and Practice for Teaching Science in an Era of Reform

In 2005 India introduced a new National Curriculum Framework aimed at providing a more constructivist approach to learning for all subjects. Previous research on the impact of curriculum reform in other countries (e.g., United States) concluded that for reform to be successful teachers' orientations toward teaching and learning must be considered early on. The purpose of our study was to heed this advice and initiate an exploration into Indian secondary science teachers' science teaching orientations by examining the orientations of two secondary science teachers and how they are reflected in their practice. Three questions guided our study: (1) What are the two Indian Secondary Science teachers' orientations toward teaching and learning of science? (2) To what extent are their orientations consistent with their practice? (3) In what ways, if at all, do their orientations and practice align with the goals of reform outlined in India's National Curriculum Framework? Data sources included semi- structured interviews, classroom observations, and various artifacts. We found the teachers' orientations aligned with the goals of reform, but their classroom practice did not align with their orientations or the goals of reform, perhaps as a result of the many external constraints the teachers' felt were placed on them. From these findings we discuss implications for professional development that consider alignment for all three components while taking into account possible culture specific hindrances. 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach
A 45 nm SOI Embedded DRAM Macro for the POWER™ Processor 32 MByte On-Chip L3 Cache

A 1.35 ns random access and 1.7 ns-random-cycle SOI embedded-DRAM macro has been developed for the POWER7™ high-performance microprocessor. The macro employs a 6 transistor micro sense-amplifier architecture with extended precharge scheme to enhance the sensing margin for product quality. The detailed study shows a 67% bit-line power reduction with only 1.7% area overhead, while improving a read zero margin by more than 500ps. The array voltage window is improved by the programmable BL voltage generator, allowing the embedded DRAM to operate reliably without constraining of the microprocessor voltage supply windows. The 2.5nm gate oxide transistor cell with deep-trench capacitor is accessed by the 1.7 V wordline high voltage (VPP) with V WL low voltage (VWL), and both are generated internally within the microprocessor. This results in a 32 MB on-chip L3 on-chip-cache for 8 cores in a 567 mm POWER7™ die.
Emerging structural themes in large RNA molecules

Extensive networks of tertiary interactions give rise to unique, highly organized domain architectures that characterize the three-dimensional structure of large RNA molecules. Formed by stacked layers of a near-planar arrangement of contiguous coaxial helices, large RNA molecules are relatively flat in overall shape. The functional core of these molecules is stabilized by a diverse set of tertiary interaction motifs that often bring together distant regions of conserved nucleotides. Although homologous RNAs from different organisms can be structurally diverse, they adopt a structurally conserved functional core that includes preassembled active and/or substrate binding sites. These findings broaden our understanding of RNA folding and tertiary structure stabilization, illustrating how large, complex RNAs assemble into unique structures to perform recognition and catalysis.
Ultimate tensile strength of fetal and adult human tendons

Abstract Ultimate tensile strengths of human tendons were determined with an evaluation of the following criteria: adult or fetal; embalmed or unembalmed; from superior limb or inferior limb; and associated with extensor muscle or flexor muscle. A rather wide range of tensile strengths resulted for all categories of tendons in this study, with considerable overlapping among several categories. The tensile strength for human tendon from both adult and fetal sources was found to be enhanced by embalming. No significant difference was observed between the tensile strengths of tendons from the superior limb and the inferior limb. No significant difference was observed between the tensile strengths of tendons associated with flexor muscles and extensor muscles in the fetus. A somewhat greater difference in tensile strengths of tendons of these two categories was observed in the adult, those tendons associated with extensor muscles demonstrating the greater tensile strength. The tensile strength of fetal tendons appeared to be somewhat less than that of adult tendons.
Multidimensional scaling in riemannian space

Abstract A metric which is a function of position is proposed for the analysis of the intrinsic geometry involved in preference or similarity judgments. Variation in the distance function or metric is characteristic of the Riemannian spaces and may be interpreted as curvature, stress or distortion in distance estimates and thus in the subjective perceptual space. It is possible to find the coefficients in the distance function at selected points by fitting a least-squares Riemannian surface to the Euclidean plane. The functional form of the distance can then be obtained by an application of the Laplace equation. Several examples are worked out for the two-dimensional solution but extension to higher spaces appears to be quite feasible.
An unusual reaction of hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen iodide with free radicals in irradiated dry deoxyribonucleic acid.

Abstract Samples of dry DNA were irradiated with γ-rays. After irradiation, the DNA was reacted with either tritiated H2S or HI in an attempt to tritiate the sites of the stable free radicals. The DNA was then degraded and the products separated chromatographically. It was found that there was a radiation induced reaction between the gases used and the DNA, but that the yield of tritiated products was greatly in excess of the initial concentration of free radicals. This is in contrast to the result previously obtained from similar experiments with proteins. It is suggested that this difference is due to a chain reaction caused by the reaction of HS· or I· with the DNA.
The activation domain of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein mediates association of DNA-bound dimers to form DNA loops

The E2 transactivator protein of bovine papillomavirus binds its specific DNA target sequence as a dimer. We have found that E2 dimers, preformed in solution independent of DNA, exhibit substantial cooperativity of DNA binding as detected by both nitrocellulose filter retention and footprint analysis techniques. If the binding sites are widely spaced, E2 forms stable DNA loops visible by electron microscopy. When three widely separated binding sites reside on the DNA, E2 condenses the molecule into a bow-tie structure. This implies that each E2 dimer has at least two independent surfaces for multimerization. Two naturally occurring shorter forms of the protein, E2C and E8/E2, which function in vivo as repressors of transcription, do not form such loops. Thus, the looping function of E2 maps to the 161-amino acid activation domain. These results support the looping model of transcription activation by enhancers.
Brief paper: Adaptive trajectory tracking despite unknown input delay and plant parameters

In a recent paper we presented the first adaptive control design for an ODE system with a possibly large actuator delay of unknown length. We achieved global stability under full state feedback. In this paper we generalize the design to the situation where, besides the unknown delay value, the ODE also has unknown parameters, and where trajectory tracking (rather than equilibrium regulation) is pursued.
Global coastal hazards from future sea level rise

Abstract A rise of sea level between 0.3 and 0.9 m by the end of the next century, caused by predicted greenhouse climate warming, would endanger human populations, cities, ports, and wetlands in low-lying coastal areas, through inundation, erosion and salinization. The consequences of a global sea level rise would be spatially non-uniform because of local or regional vertical crustal movements, differential resistance to erosion, varying wave climates, and changeable longshore currents. Although many factors can influence sea level, leading to a noisy record, various studies utilizing tide-gauge data find an average global rate of sea level rise of 1–2 mm/yr, over the last 100 years. This trend is part of a general rise over the last 300 years, since the low point of the Little Ice Age. Sea level rise may accelerate 3–8 times over present rates, within the next century. The permanently inundated coastal zone would extend to a depth equivalent to the vertical rise in sea level. Major river deltas, coastal wetlands and coral islands would be most affected. Episodic flooding by storm waves and surges would penetrate even farther inland. Beach and cliff erosion will be accentuated. Saltwater penetration into coastal aquifers and estuaries could contaminate urban water supplies and affect agricultural production. Research on relative risks and impacts of sea level rise on specific localities is still at an early stage. Development of a global coastal hazards data base, intended to provide an overview of the relative vulnerabilities of the world's coastlines, is described in this paper. To date, information on seven variables, associated with inundation and erosion hazards, has been compiled for the U.S., and parts of Canada and Mexico. A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) has been designed to flag high risk coastal segments. Preliminary results are presented for the eastern United States, as a test case.
Polarimetric impulse response and polarimetric transfer function for time sequential polarimeters

An analysis of polarimetric measurements in the presence of noise is presented with emphasis on rotating polarizer polarimeters. A method is presented for estimating the error bars associated with a polarization measurement of an object whose intensity is rapidly fluctuating in a noisy manner. The method requires knowledge of the power spectral density of the intensity fluctuation, and uses this information combined with the sequence of polarizing element settings and measurement times to determine the error bar estimate. The rotating polarizer polarimeter is used as an example of this technique. A relationship is established between the power spectrum of the source intensity fluctuations and the error bars associated with measurements of the Stokes vector elements. The impulse response and transfer function of a polarimetric measurement and data reduction sequence are introduced. The analytical tools presented here will assist in designing polarimeters with specified accuracies for demanding roles, such as measuring polarization signatures in rapidly moving or fluctuating scenarios. It is recommended that for rotating polarizer polarimeters, the polarizer rotates through a minimum of 360o because image nutation from wedged polarizers and linear drift couple strongly into the fundamental frequency of the discrete Fourier transform. The optimum rotating polarizer angle settings for many applications is the eight angle sequence: 0°,45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Understanding Generational Diversity in the Workplace: What Resorts Can and are Doing

The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine generational diversity issues within the resort industry in order to develop management strategies that can be employed to increase intergenerational understanding, morale and improve productivity. Data for this study were collected through a self administered questionnaire completed by resort managers. Findings suggest generational differences do exist and that managers can improve morale and productivity by understanding and incorporating these differences. 1 Rood: Understanding Generational Diversity in the Workplace: What Resor Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2010 Journal of Tourism Insight s Vol. 1 No. 1 81 workplace through their shaping of beliefs, values, goals, work attitudes, world views and attitudes toward leadership (Sessa, et al., 2007). Belonging to the same generation and specific range of similar experiences tend to distinguish one cohort from another (Crampton and Hodge, 2007; Smola and Sutton, 2002; Jurkiewicz and Brown, 1998). Central to the model of generational cohort theory is the premise advanced by Arsenault (2004) who argues that the misunderstanding and under-appreciation of generational differences arises from the erroneous belief that people change their values, attitudes and preferences as a function of age. He maintains that generational values and preferences are life-long effects, which remain stable over time and are resistant to change, despite social and cultural advances (McGuire et al., 2007). Generational cohort theory is highly debated in the literature. Critics of the theory offer the more traditional belief that people change, mature, and develop their values, attitudes, and preferences as a function of age (Costa and McCrae, 1999). A study by Wong, et al., (2008) suggests that generational stereotypes are not correct, most of the differences observed are better explained by age, not by generational differences. Macky et al., (2008) agree, suggesting there may be more variation among members within a generation then there is between generations. Recent work by McGuire et al., (2007) suggests intergenerational diversity is a result of group-level beliefs and values, and are observable demographic attributes. The source of intergenerational diversity lays in economic, political, and social events that impact upon individuals of a similar age at a particular point in time (Patota et al., 2007). It is critical that hospitality and tourism practitioners understand generational preferences in the workplace (Amar, 2004; Arsenault, 2004; Beaver and Hutchings, 2005; Bogdanowicz and Bailey, 2002; Bova and Kroth, 1999, 2001; Garavan et al., 2002; Jorgensen, 2003; Martin, 2005; Yu and Miller, 2005). The present study focuses on the four workforce generations currently represented in the hospitality and tourism industries: Matures (1922-1943), Baby Boomers (1943-1960), GenXers (1961-1980), and Millennials (1981-2000) (Table 1). Source: Adapted from Arsenault, 2003; Zemke et al., 2000
Cholinergic mechanism determines the occurrence of Reward Contingent Positive Variation (RCPV) in cat

Abstract The effects of anticholinergic drugs (atropine and scopolamine) and an cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine were studied with regard to their action on post-reinforcement EEG synchronization (PRS) and associated epicortical steady potential shift (Reward Contingent Positive Variation; RCPV) in cats trained to press a lever for milk reward.
Numerical Simulations of Airflow and Cloud Distributions over the Windward Side of the Island of Hawaii. Part I: The Effects of Trade Wind Inversion*

Abstract Initialized by the composite upstream sounding during the Hawaiian Rainband Project, high-resolution numerical experiments are conducted using the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth generation Mesoscale Model to study the island-scale airflow and cloud distributions over the island of Hawaii without considering the diurnal heating cycle. The observed mean patterns of island airflow and weather under the summer trade wind conditions are well simulated. These features include orographic clouds on the windward slopes, flow deceleration and splitting on the windward side, leeside vortices, and cool and moist (warm and dry) conditions on the windward (lee) side. In addition to Fr (Froude number), the simulated island airflow and cloud distributions are sensitive to net diabatic heating associated with clouds and precipitation and rain evaporative cooling. The trade wind inversion height determines the depth of the moist trade wind layer, which also affects the...
Tradescantia-Micronucleus (Trad-MCN) tests on 140 health-related agents

The Tradescantia-Micronucleus (Trad-MCN) test is a simple short-term bioassay for various gaseous and liquid forms of chemical agents, and physical agents such as radiation. 140 agents, directly or indirectly related to human health, were screened for their mutagenicity. Plant cuttings of young inflorescences, in which the pollen mother cells undergo various stages of meiosis, were maintained in nutrient solution for experimentation. Treatments were made either by absorption of the soluble agents through the stem, by diffusion of gaseous agents through the leaves and buds, by exposure to internal/external radiation or by in situ exposure to air pollutants. Micronuclei formed from damaged chromosomes served as the indicators of mutagenicity. Results of 140 agents tested are listed in 9 different categories. (1) Carcinogens/mutagens, (2) common beverages, (3) common chemicals, (4) drugs, (5) pesticides, (6) common household chemicals, (7) radiation and radioisotopes, (8) in situ monitoring, (9) complex environmental mixtures. Out of 140 agents tested, 52 showed positive, 20 showed borderline positive responses and 5 showed strong toxicity. Test results of 41 agents in the present study showed 67% congruity with Ames test results found in the literature.
The Effects of Ethnicity of Subject and Accent and Dependency of Confederate on Aggressiveness and Altruism

Summary In order to assess the effects of the accent and need of a caller upon the aggressiveness and helpfulness of Spanish-surnamed and Anglo-surnamed Ss, 96 male and female persons picked at random from the telephone book were called by someone who wanted to speak to a pharmacy and who had apparently reached a wrong number. Need of the caller and surname of the S were not directly related to aggressiveness, but Spanish-surnamed Ss were less aggressive to a desperate confederate (C) and Anglo Ss to a nondesperate C. There was also a tendency for Ss to be more aggressive toward a caller with a Spanish accent and to become less aggressive to Anglo callers as the call progressed. No sex differences on any measures were found, but more women in the Spanish surnamed households and more men in the Anglo households answered the phone. Moreover, Anglo-surnamed individuals requested to look up a phone number were more likely to comply with the caller's request than Spanish-surnamed individuals.
Las primeras celebraciones del Mawlid en al-Andalus y Ceuta, según la Tuhfat al-mugtarib de al-Qastali y el Maqsad al-sarif de al-Badisi

The widespread observation of certain Christian holidays among the Muslim population of al-Andalus inspired the establishment of the Mawlid, the celebration of Mu¬ammad’s birthday, in the Islamic occident during the 13th century. The present article aims to reveal how the Sufi master from Ohanes (Almeria) Abý Marw×n al-Yu¬×nis÷, an important spiritual link between al-Andalus and the Magreb, may have introduced this new holiday to both regions, originally in Ceuta and subsequently in al- Andalus. It will also describe what these pioneering celebrations entailed, according to the information extracted from three accounts in the work Tuhfat al-mugtarib (by the Grenadine Ahmad al-Qastali, and one text from the Maqsad al-sarif (by the Magrebi al-Badisi).
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Assess Vascular Oxidative Stress

Vascular inflammatory responses are intimately linked with oxidative stress, favoring the development of pre-atherosclerotic lesions. We proposed that oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and foam cell infiltrates in the subendothelial layer engendered distinct electrochemical properties that could be measured in terms of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Concentric bipolar microelectrodes were applied to interrogate EIS of aortas isolated from fat-fed New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits and explants of human aortas. Frequency-dependent EIS measurements were assessed between 10 kHz and 100 kHz, and were significantly elevated in the pre-atherosclerotic lesions in which oxLDL and macrophage infiltrates were prevalent (At 100 kHz: aortic arch lesion = 26.7 ± 2.7 kΩ vs. control = 15.8 ± 2.4 kΩ; at 10 kHz: lesions = 49.2 ± 7.3 kΩ vs. control = 27.6 ± 2.7 kΩ, n = 10, p<0.001). Similarly, EIS measurements were significantly elevated in the human descending aorta where pre-atherosclerotic lesions or fatty streaks were prominent. EIS measurements remained unchanged in spite of various depths of electrode submersion or orientation of the specimens. Hence, the concentric bipolar microelectrodes provided a reliable means to measure endoluminal electrochemical modifications in regions of pro-inflammatory with high spatial resolution and reproducibility albeit uneven lesion topography and non-uniform current distribution.