cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single jet impinging verticial motion analysis of an underwater robot in the vicinity of a submerged surface

Anticipated growth of sub-sea technologies for security, infrastructure inspection, and exploration, motivates a deeper understanding of dynamics of underwater navigation in proximity to a submerged target surface. In this paper we discuss the phenomenon of a smooth, submersible micro robot with a single bottom jet that enables hovering and sliding over underwater surfaces. Such motion has applications to both visual and contact inspection methods of underwater surfaces: pipelines, oil rig infrastructure, ships, or even threats like underwater mines. Examples are air hockey, where disks move on a film of air (sliding); and hovercraft or vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) vehicles in proximity to the ground (hovering). The common feature is using the fluid between the body and an external surface to generate forces. The phenomenon is widely known in the context of motion over land and water surface, with air as the fluid, but has not been utilized for underwater motion. In our research we exploit the fluid flow between a submerged surface and a robot with a single active thrust jet coming out of the bottom. A lot of work has been done on single and double jets impinging on the ground for V/STOL, particularly for NASA, but no analogous studies exist on how a water jet affects the dynamics of an underwater drone moving near submerged surfaces. Preliminary results from simulations and initial experiments show unique phenomena of multiple stable equilibrium points with varying thrust forces. Further, for a fixed thrust force we demonstrate two stable regions: in extremely close proximity, when the robot rests on a thin fluid film which enables it to glide; and another with robot a body length or more away. Stability at close proximity is relevant to on-contact inspection such as ultrasonic testing. A larger gap has application in visual imaging, where a combination of thrust jets and ground effect lift enable the robot to hover at fixed distances from the target surface. This paper, through CFD simulations and preliminary experimental results, presents a basic robot design which is can be adapted for a wide range of underwater inspection tasks.
Tractor seating for operators with paraplegia

This feasibility study explored the utility of using a pressure mapping instrument to explore the variable of pressure under subjects sitting on a commonly used tractor seat, and four other cushion interventions. The research model used single-subject with repeated measures during simulated tractor operation. In examining the graphical images and pressure mapping data available from the instrument; the contour tractor seat used in this study was not sufficient in redistributing pressure for people with paraplegia operating tractors, putting them at greater risk for acquiring a pressure ulcer. The use of pressure mapping equipment to study seated pressure within dynamic environments is achievable, and further studies need to be performed and replicated in simulated or in vivo environments. The data in this study suggest people with paraplegia operating agricultural equipment may not have acceptable pressure distribution using the manufacturer's installed seat and must rely on adding wheelchair cushions or other materials to the seat surface to create acceptable pressure distribution. However, doing so changes other aspects of the seating micro or macro climate that can also be problematic.
How to use this book

This book is different from many other syntax textbooks in that it attempts to teach syntax through discovery rather than through simple presentation. Like other books in the Cambridge Coursebook series, this book is structured as a series of definitions, comments, discussion, and exercises that allow you, the reader, to explore the material on your own. Learning syntactic analysis is best done in consultation with an experienced linguist, so if you are tackling this book on your own, you might contact your local university to see if there is an advanced undergraduate or (post-) graduate student who would be willing to answer those questions that you have. Unlike other books in the Coursebook series you will need your own notebook to answer many of the questions in this volume. You will be drawing syntactic diagrams, which take up a fair amount of space. In order to reduce production costs, we haven't included that space in this book. All the questions that you should try to answer are marked with a Q followed by a number. The questions are divided into three types.
Impacts of the Minamata Convention on Mercury Emissions and Global Deposition from Coal-Fired Power Generation in Asia

We explore implications of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury for emissions from Asian coal-fired power generation, and resulting changes to deposition worldwide by 2050. We use engineering analysis, document analysis, and interviews to construct plausible technology scenarios consistent with the Convention. We translate these scenarios into emissions projections for 2050, and use the GEOS-Chem model to calculate global mercury deposition. Where technology requirements in the Convention are flexibly defined, under a global energy and development scenario that relies heavily on coal, we project ∼90 and 150 Mg·y–1 of avoided power sector emissions for China and India, respectively, in 2050, compared to a scenario in which only current technologies are used. Benefits of this avoided emissions growth are primarily captured regionally, with projected changes in annual average gross deposition over China and India ∼2 and 13 μg·m–2 lower, respectively, than the current technology case. Stricter, b...
Cochlear implantation in Meniere’s disease

Meniere’s disease (MD) is characterized by fluctuating hearing loss, episodic vertigo, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Whether secondary to intervention or to natural disease progression, a considerable subset of patients with MD has nonserviceable hearing in at least one ear. As such, cochlear implantation counseling and decision-making in the setting of MD must take into account the patient׳s surgical history. In patients who have undergone prior surgical labyrinthectomy, particular care must be taken in identifying the incus and facial nerve as the lateral semicircular canal has been removed. Labyrinthectomy and cochlear implantation can also be performed simultaneously, with most authors identifying and exposing the round window through a posterior tympanotomy before undertaking the labyrinthectomy. Although there were initial concerns regarding audiometric outcomes due to neural damage or ossification following implantation after a prior labyrinthectomy, studies have shown that the audiologic benefits are similar to the general postlingually deafened adult population.
50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymeric Biomaterials: Diverse Functions Enabled by Advances in Macromolecular Chemistry

Biomaterials have been extensively used to leverage beneficial outcomes in various therapeutic applications, such as providing spatial and temporal control over the release of therapeutic agents in drug delivery as well as engineering functional tissues and promoting the healing process in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This Perspective presents important milestones in the development of polymeric biomaterials with defined structures and properties. Contemporary studies of biomaterial design have been reviewed with focus on constructing materials with controlled structure, dynamic functionality, and biological complexity. Examples of these polymeric biomaterials enabled by advanced synthetic methodologies, dynamic chemistry/assembly strategies, and modulated cell–material interactions have been highlighted. As the field of polymeric biomaterials continues to evolve with increased sophistication, current challenges and future directions for the design and translation of these materials are a...
Maintenance Therapy with Oral Antiviral Agents

Long-term viral suppression without complete eradication, or maintenance therapy, is effective in many chronic viral infections. However, unlike HIV and HBV, maintenance therapy in chronic HCV has yielded suboptimal levels of viral suppression and subsequently has not resulted in improved clinical outcomes. Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) have potent antiviral activity and may be able to more consistently suppress virus over longer periods of time, particularly if given in combination. If effective, maintenance therapy using DAAs would potentially be useful in patients with contraindications to standard of care eradicative therapy, those with advanced liver disease, in the posttransplant setting and as a means to reduce person-to-person spread among patients in high-risk groups. Further study is warranted to investigate the efficacy of these new agents in maintenance therapy.
Analog processing to enable scalable high-throughput mm-Wave wireless fiber systems

This work explores challenges in silicon integration of scalable high-throughput “Wireless Fiber” links that exploit the increase in spatial and spectral degrees of freedom at higher carrier frequencies due to LOS MIMO spatial multiplexing and higher bandwidths. In order to utilize these increased degrees of freedom, however, hardware must scale in dynamic range, speed and number of antenna elements. To this end, we examine tradeoffs in the partitioning of functionality between the transmitter and receiver, as well as between the analog and digital domains, and investigate a new scalable analog processing architecture for the receiver.
SHORT- AND MID-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY NOT ON HEMODIALYSIS

Background: Outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with renal insufficiency but not on dialysis remain uncertain. Methods: Retrospective chart review identified 209 patients who underwent TAVR between September 2014 and September 2015. Of these patients, 5 (2.4%)
Problem Solving and Response to Intervention

The practice of school consultation today is quite different from that of the 1990s. Why is that the case? How has school consultation changed? It is the goal of this chapter to explore these complex questions.
The Legacy of Change: Depopulation and Growth’s Impact on New Bedford Today

Change can be difficult for anyone. The psychological and social dimensions of community decline have been viewed among scholars as some of the most heart-wrenching and stressful types of change people face. Research in Youngstown, Ohio, showed how residents of a declining steel town grieved over the loss of jobs, residents, and overall prosperity (Linkon and Russo 2003). This concept of community depression builds on Robert Bellah’s (1985) communitarianism notion, where places are viewed as having memories, constituted inter-subjectively by residents, past and present. New Bedford residents continue to experience these emotional difficulties as they regularly witness the continued emptying out of neighborhoods. A famous study of former mining towns in Western Pennsylvania found that it took a generation before city leaders could fully accept that their mines were closed for good and take steps to plan for the future (Mayer and Greenberg 2001).
Light-Directed Patchy Particle Fabrication and Assembly from Isotropic Silver Nanoparticles

We demonstrate the creation of anisotropic patchy silver nanospheroids (AgNSs) using linearly polarized UV light and a photo-uncaging o-nitrobenzyl-based ligand, which anchors to the AgNSs by two gold-sulfur bonds. Exposure to a 1 J/cm2 dose of UV light induces a photo-uncaging reaction in the ligand that reveals a primary amine on the surface. By using linearly polarized UV light, we meter the exposure dose such that only the poles of the nanoparticle receive a full dose, limiting the photo-uncaging reaction primarily to the particle’s plasmonic hot spots. We reveal this anisotropy by preferentially adhering negatively charged gold nanospheres (AuNSs) to the AgNSs’ poles by using the electrostatic attraction between them and the positively charged primary amines generated by photo-uncaging. When the assembly is performed onto silver particles that are immobilized on a substrate, it results in nanoscale structures with a strong tendency to align with the polarization of the exposing light. This manifests ...
Monitoring the Changes in Weed Populations in a Continuous Glyphosate- and Dicamba- Resistant Soybean System: A Five-Year Field- Scale Investigation

Research was conducted from 2011 to 2015 to determine the effect of herbicide strategy on efficacy and evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds in a continuous glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant (GDr) soybean system. The nine herbicide strategies included sequential applications of glyphosate only, glyphosate plus dicamba with or without acetochlor, PRE application of residual herbicides with POST glyphosate or non-glyphosate herbicides, and their biennial rotation with one another. Giant foxtail and horseweed were the least problematic during all growing seasons. An increase in horseweed was observed by the end of the experiment especially in the plots where POST glyphosate was not used with PRE application of residual herbicides. Giant ragweed evolved resistance to glyphosate over a 4-yr period of selection with strategies that predominantly included PRE and POST glyphosate. Herbicide use strategies that included glyphosate-only and PRE application of residual herbicides fb POST glyphosate annually or in a biennial rotation were ineffective in controlling giant ragweed and glyphosate-resistant (GR) common waterhemp. Over the years, application of PRE herbicide mixtures before POST glyphosate application improved weed control and soybean yields compared with the glyphosate-only strategy. During all growing seasons, the greatest yield and reduction in total weed density before harvest was provided by herbicide use strategies that included glyphosate plus dicamba annually or in a biennial rotation regardless of the inclusion of acetochlor POST. Dicamba proved to be a valuable addition to improve the control of GR weeds. GDr soybean will provide growers with a new option for managing resistant weeds, but it needs to be used with caution, as multiple resistance in weeds, including waterhemp and giant ragweed, is already widespread.Nomenclature: Acetochlor; dicamba; glyphosate; common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm.; giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L.; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Hydroxychloroquine-Mediated Cardiotoxicity With a False-Positive 99mTechnetium-Labeled Pyrophosphate Scan for Transthyretin-Related Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare infiltrative process most commonly caused by abnormal deposition of precursor proteins from monoclonal light chain or transthyretin (ATTR).1 An accurate diagnosis of the amyloidosis subtype has crucial prognostic and therapeutic implications. Bone scintigraphy using 99mtechnetium-labeled pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) has been found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 100%, respectively, for ATTR in patients without evidence of plasma cell dyscrasia.2 Furthermore, high heart/contralateral ratio of ≥1.6 predicted worse survival.3 This has led to a proposed nonbiopsy diagnosis of ATTR using bone scintigraphy.2 However, without widely using 99mTc-PYP scan in various cardiac conditions, the true specificity for …
The Twelve Steps of Academic Adolescence

Prevalent throughout Western literature and culture, the journey motif weaves its way through tales of human growth—stories which grapple with the processes of how people come to be and to know. The most pervasive cultural understanding of the human quest emerges from Joseph Campbell’s summation of the archetypal monomyth, which centers around a young man who leaves home in search of adventure (Moore, 1997, p. 34; Tyler, 2001, p. 1).
Observations and Theories of Mixing in Red Giants

Available data on abundances, luminosities, masses, technetium line strengths, and other properties of the peculiar red giants of the disk population are reviewed in order to provide a set of observational constraints on proposed theories of mixing and nucleosynthesis during advanced red giant evolution. The observations suggest that mixing occurs in stars of all masses, ages, and compositions, sets in by a core mass of about 0.5 M⊙ in double-shell models, and either terminates by a core mass of about 0.8 M⊙ or is stochastic in nature, with different mixing probabilities for stars of the same initial mass and composition. Evidence concerning luminosities, s-process abundance distributions, and Mg and Ti isotopic ratios in these stars imply that 22Ne(α,n)25Mg is not the neutron source in most observed peculiar red giants, which have small masses. None of the constraints are satisfied by existing stellar evolution calculations. A number of potentially important physical effects which may lead to mixing, involving turbulence phenomena, magnetic fields, and rotational instabilities, are reviewed.
The Controversial Nature of the Evidence for Neuroplasticity of Afferent Axons in the Spinal Cord

The failure to obtain recovery of function following lesions of the spinal cord has long been one of the more discouraging features of the practice of clinical neurosurgery. Few neurosurgeons would actively pursue the study of patients presenting the frequently devastating effects of spinal injuries, and even fewer would approach the problem with laboratory experiments in the hope of eventually achieving therapeutic benefits. Frederick Kerr was the most energetic individual who could hope to fill this void, and because he pursued this subject with such fervor and presented his polemic views with such passion, a current appraisal of the validity of Kerr’s thesis concerning sprouting (Kerr, 1972, 1975) would seem a particularly fitting memorial, especially in this era in which the tide of evidence may be turning. It is the aim of this chapter to reexamine Kerr’s views and experimental findings in the context of current information, for there is good reason to believe that there was keen insight and wisdom in Kerr’s skepticism concerning the potential of neuro-plasticity and restructuring of function pathways in the adult mammalian central nervous system.
Theoretical Frames and Institutional Constraints: A Synopsis About Chilean Communication Research in the 21st Century

Using official data from the Chilean system of science and leading local journals, this article provides a historical overview of the main contemporary trends in Chilean communication research since the 2000s. The field in Chile seems to be expanding, with stable funding, stronger institutionalization, and an increase in better trained researchers. However, this development shows many paradoxes: Despite the valuable insights recent studies in communication have provided to better understand the Chilean communication landscape, they are, rather, applied research, testing global or international theoretical frames to local problems in communication. I argue that the institutional, political, and economic constraints have strongly shaped the possibilities of expanding contemporary communication research in Chile, particularly regarding its theoretical contributions. Therefore, current Chilean communication research seems a work-in-progress project, far from its substantial contributions to the international field in the 1960s and 1970s.
Origin of Phobos grooves: Testing the Stickney Crater ejecta model

Abstract The model of Wilson and Head (1989, 2005, 2015) interprets the grooves of Phobos as the product of sliding, rolling, and bouncing ejecta boulders from the Stickney Crater impact. To test the model of Wilson and Head (1989, 2005, 2015) we apply a dynamical physics simulation to a three-dimensional shape model of Phobos and systematically assess six specific objections to the rolling boulder model. Our simulation calculates the motions of Stickney Crater ejecta boulders under the influence of Mars gravitation, the post-Stickney-impact desynchronized rotation of Phobos and altered orbit of Phobos, a spherically symmetrical gravity field of Phobos, and a collision system that simulates the effects of surface friction. We also take the orbital history of Phobos into account and test the rolling boulder model at three semimajor axes greater than the present day (10,000 km, 12,000 km, and 14,000 km). At a Phobos semimajor axis of 12,000 km, we find that boulder motions are generally consistent with observed grooves – specifically 1) Test boulders travel in linear/parallel patterns that are consistent with observed grooves, including grooves that are not radially aligned with Stickney Crater; 2) test boulders drift into suborbital flights over the trailing hemisphere of Phobos and do not travel on the surface of Phobos in this region; 3) grooves inside Stickney Crater are produced by Stickney ejecta boulders that return to Stickney Crater; 4) boulders that travel around Phobos >180° from Stickney Crater crosscut the motions of other boulders that travel >180° from Stickney; 5) at boulder ejection velocities ≲6 m/s, test boulders moving in contact with Phobos typically follow the contours of local terrain. We also find that 6) a spike of Stickney secondary impacts likely destroyed missing groove-producing boulders and removed grooves with widths ≲80 m; 7) with respect to the motion of test boulders, the two possible pre-Stickney-impact tidal-lock orientations of Phobos produce the same boulder motion effects; and 8) where our 12,000 km semimajor axis testing model is consistent with observed grooves, this supports a ∼150 Ma prediction for the age of Phobos grooves and Stickney Crater.
Use of Closed-Incision Negative-Pressure Therapy in Aesthetic Surgery.

Background Recently published studies have demonstrated clinical effectiveness of closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) in many fields of surgery including vascular, cardiac, colorectal, orthopedic, and reconstructive surgery. A review of current literature was conducted to determine whether the application of negative-pressure therapy to closed incisions post aesthetic procedures was beneficial. Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE databases were searched for preclinical and clinical studies published through June 2018. Higher quality publications that met the following criteria were included: adult patients undergoing aesthetic or body contouring procedures, comparison of ciNPT with conventional dressings, and documentation of wound complications and/or incision quality. Results One animal and multiple small, retrospective comparison articles are discussed. Scientific mechanism of action and economic analysis are also discussed. There are no level 1 randomized prospective controlled trials that directly evaluate the effects of ciNPT dressings in cosmetic patients. Conclusion For patients undergoing certain cosmetic procedures, preliminary data support the idea that ciNPT dressings provide aesthetic benefit, but more research is clearly needed.
Fast Generator Placement Algorithm using High Performance Computing

The recent past has seen an influx of new generator interconnection to the power grid. Some of these new generator interconnections occur at places where there isn’t enough transmission capability and hence get curtailed or penalized during the real time operations. In this paper a procedure is proposed to calculate the maximum possible MW injections with the help of Power Transfer Distribution Factors at each of the buses in the power grid without violating transmission limits. This in turn identifies areas on the grid with abundant transmission capability. The above calculation is computationally intensive, and GPUs were used to accelerate the computation and a speed up gain of up is a factor 186 for 9241 bus system.
AAP joins coalitions to address health of children in foster care

An exciting initiative for children and adolescents in foster care has just been added to our strategic priorities. ![Figure][1] Dr. Ouellette At any one time, about 500,000 U.S. children are in foster care, and many more are in kinship care. They are among our most vulnerable children
Complete mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation for right colon cancer: an introduction for abdominal radiologists

To provide an overview of complete mesocolic excision, along with a review of the relevant vascular anatomy and locoregional staging concepts, for abdominal radiologists. Complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) for colon cancer has emerged as a technique that has growing interest in surgical oncology. Specific anatomic considerations and patterns of nodal spread have thus gained clinical significance, and should be familiar to abdominal radiologists. This review article provides an overview of CME with CVL, and discusses some of the important anatomic considerations in patients with colon cancer that are relevant to radiologists. Knowledge of CME with CVL and the relevant anatomic and staging considerations is important for abdominal radiologists, as this surgical technique becomes increasingly utilized.
A Statistical Test for Differential Network Analysis Based on Inference of Gaussian Graphical Model

Differential network analysis investigates how the network of connected genes changes from one condition to another and has become a prevalent tool to provide a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the molecular etiology of complex diseases. Based on the asymptotically normal estimation of large Gaussian graphical model (GGM) in the high-dimensional setting, we developed a computationally efficient test for differential network analysis through testing the equality of two precision matrices, which summarize the conditional dependence network structures of the genes. Additionally, we applied a multiple testing procedure to infer the differential network structure with false discovery rate (FDR) control. Through extensive simulation studies with different combinations of parameters including sample size, number of vertices, level of heterogeneity and graph structure, we demonstrated that our method performed much better than the current available methods in terms of accuracy and computational time. In real data analysis on lung adenocarcinoma, we revealed a differential network with 3503 nodes and 2550 edges, which consisted of 50 clusters with an FDR threshold at 0.05. Many of the top gene pairs in the differential network have been reported relevant to human cancers. Our method represents a powerful tool of network analysis for high-dimensional biological data.
Audiodescrição: e agora, que tecnologias digitais têm sido adotadas neste processo?

Este artigo investiga quais Tecnologias Digitais tem sido adotadas e descritas como facilitadoras do processo de Audiodescricao (AD) em publicacoes de periodicos brasileiros no periodo de 2010 a 2018. Para tanto, realizou-se uma Revisao Sistematica da Literatura (RSL), em que 47 artigos cientificos foram analisados e classificados nas categorias Audiodescricao e Audiodescricao para a Educacao. Os resultados revelaram aspectos como (a) a baixa producao cientifica sobre AD para Educacao, (b) as regioes brasileiras Nordeste e Sudeste como os principais polos de publicacao e (c) um baixo numero de publicacoes que revelam quais Tecnologias Digitais sao adotadas na AD. Contudo, destaca-se a adesao por softwares proprietarios e gratuitos para diferentes finalidades na AD.
Self-assembled epitaxial BiFeO3-Ni0.65Zn0.35Al0.8Fe1.2O4 nanobelt heterostructures on SrTiO3: Control of magnetic anisotropy, easy axis, and coercivity

Two-phase epitaxial Ni0.65Zn0.35Al0.8Fe1.2O4 (NZAFO) and BiFeO3 layers were deposited as self-assembled nanobeltlike heterostructures on (110) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by switching pulsed laser deposition. The magnetic anisotropy and coercivity of the low loss high magnetostriction NZAFO phase were altered by the large shape anisotropy of this nanostructure relative to that of single crystal layers. The self-assembled heterostructures exhibited strong magnetic anisotropy along the in-plane direction, resulting in an ability to tune the coercivity from 2 Oe (single crystal NZAFO layers) to ∼ 650 Oe (nanobelt heterostructure). The geometry of the nanobelt shape has a reflection on magnetic anisotropy: the orientation of the easy axis was altered from the in-plane direction. Rotation of the sample about its [ 1 1 ¯ 0 ] direction revealed that the hard magnetic axis was along the [001] with two easy directions at θ = ± 30 °. In-plane rotation about the [110] revealed a strong magnetic anisotropy along [ 1 1 ¯ 0 ] and [001], which are the two directions that defined the rectangular shape of the nanobelts. Our findings demonstrate a self-assembled nanobelt heterostructural layer whose spinel ferrite phase coercivity and easy axes can be controlled by nanostructural features, which, in turn, modify the magnetic properties.Two-phase epitaxial Ni0.65Zn0.35Al0.8Fe1.2O4 (NZAFO) and BiFeO3 layers were deposited as self-assembled nanobeltlike heterostructures on (110) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by switching pulsed laser deposition. The magnetic anisotropy and coercivity of the low loss high magnetostriction NZAFO phase were altered by the large shape anisotropy of this nanostructure relative to that of single crystal layers. The self-assembled heterostructures exhibited strong magnetic anisotropy along the in-plane direction, resulting in an ability to tune the coercivity from 2 Oe (single crystal NZAFO layers) to ∼ 650 Oe (nanobelt heterostructure). The geometry of the nanobelt shape has a reflection on magnetic anisotropy: the orientation of the easy axis was altered from the in-plane direction. Rotation of the sample about its [ 1 1 ¯ 0 ] direction revealed that the hard magnetic axis was along the [001] with two easy directions at θ = ± 30 °. In-plane rotation about the [110] revealed a strong magnetic aniso...
Transcatheter Electrosurgery Rescue: Jailed Pulmonary Artery Following Melody Pulmonary Valve Replacement.

Transcatheter electrosurgery is used for planned caval-aortic access and to facilitate transcatheter mitral and aortic valve implantation [(1,2)][1]. It has been used for percutaneous cavopulmonary shunt [(3)][2]. This technique can also be used for unplanned clinical rescue; we describe re-
A General Framework for Studying Finite Rainbow Configurations

Given a coloring of a set, classical Ramsey theory looks for various configurations within a color class. Rainbow configurations, also called anti-Ramsey configurations, are configurations that occur across distinct color classes. We present some very general results about the types of colorings that will guarantee various types of rainbow configurations in finite settings, as well as several illustrative corollaries. The main goal of this note is to present a flexible framework for decomposing finite sets while guaranteeing the existence of some desired structure across the decomposition.
Negative Pressure Therapy for Management of High Output Duodenal Fistula.

This case study describes a patient with duodenal perforation caused by foreign body ingestion who postoperatively developed high output duodenal fistula and intra-abdominal sepsis. The management of this complication included the unique application of negative pressure wound vacuum therapy via retroperitoneal drains. This assisted the closure of the duodenal fistula, prevented surgical reintervention, helped control intra-abdominal sepsis, and simplified local wound care. Application of closed incision negative pressure therapy to the retroperitoneal space via surgical drains is a technically easy and well-tolerated modality that accelerates duodenal fistula closure.
Understanding the CO2 adsorption hysteresis under low pressure: An example from the Antrim Shale in the Michigan Basin: Preliminary observations

Abstract The gas adsorption hysteresis effects have strong implications for the characterization of the micropore structure, which is one of the most important properties of shales. This study describes one of the first investigations of low-pressure CO2 adsorption hysteresis illustrated on the Antrim Shale samples, Michigan Basin. A total of 23 samples were characterized by using a combination of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and CO2 adsorption. The partial least linear regression (PLS) was employed to study the influence of rock composition on the micropore structures and hysteresis index (HI). The results showed that the micropore parameters (surface area and volume) are positively correlated to the amount of organic matter and clay minerals, and have a negative correlation to non-clay minerals. In the Antrim Shale samples, the CO2 adsorption hysteresis seen under low pressure appears to be controlled mainly by the pore network effect caused by the presence of ink-bottle shaped pores, rather than by the swelling of clays and organic matter.
Feasibility of superabsorbent polymer recycling and reuse in disposable absorbent hygiene products

Abstract The objective of this work is to evaluate the life cycle impacts of recovering superabsorbent polymers from absorbent hygiene products (AHPs). AHPs, which include baby diapers, feminine hygiene products, and adult incontinence pads, have a considerable environmental impact. While convenient, the vast majority of these products, which typically contain combinations of polypropylene, polyethylene, elastics, cellulose, and superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), are single use. Current practice of AHP disposal results in the loss of valuable materials like SAPs, generation of large volumes of municipal solid waste, and increased manufacturing burdens. While recognition of AHP impacts is increasing, it is important to consider that the most significant life cycle impacts of AHPs stem from resource extraction and manufacturing, not disposal itself. The SAPs in these products are of particular importance as they contribute substantially to these upstream life cycle impacts. We aim to shed light on how we might lessen upstream impacts by focusing on the potential for SAP recovery and re-use. This research evaluates end-of-life options for baby diapers in Europe using a life cycle approach to explore alternative options to conventional disposal of AHPs. We analyze the environmental trade-offs under the following scenarios: 1) diaper disposal via landfill or incineration; 2) diaper recycling without SAP recovery; and 3) diaper recycling with theoretical SAP recovery. Each recycling scenario is analyzed under two allocation conditions for a total of five scenarios. Environmental impacts were modeled in the LCA software SimaPro using the ReCipe 2016 impact assessment framework. Results show that SAP recovery has potential to decrease life cycle emissions by 54% compared to standard landfilling and incineration and by 35% when compared to the recycling technologies assessed in the study. SAP recovery and reuse also results in large potential offsets of energy and water burdens involved in SAP manufacturing. By assessing these environmental impacts, we aim to clarify the point at which SAP recovery demonstrates potential for circular economy.
The role of infections in SLE pathogenesis

Abstract Infections may act as environmental triggers, inducing, promoting, and/or complicating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Environmental exposures may influence SLE development in select individuals, and several mechanisms link these agents with lupus pathogenesis. Molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, exaggerated local activation of antigen-presenting cells, and priming of large numbers of T cells with broad specificities may have important roles in lupus autoimmunity. Polyclonal activation of infected B cells results in B-cell proliferation, enhanced antibody production, and generation of circulating immune complexes, as well as bystander T-cell activation, all of which may promote overt disease. At the genetic level, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) broadly disrupts genetic regulation of immune responses through viral transcription factors such as Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 2, and interactions between lupus-associated genetic variants and EBV may contribute to disease risk. Finally, infections can influence the SLE phenotype, trigger disease flares, and cause extensive morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. Interactions between infections and select lupus genetic polymorphisms influence the specific impact of infectious exposures. Work is ongoing to understand the complex interactions between environmental factors and SLE pathogenesis.
Affordances for Motor Development in the Home Environment for Young Children with and without CHARGE Syndrome

Affordances in the home environment are critical to early motor development. Currently, the home environment has not been examined in children with deafblindness or severe disabilities. The present study examined differences in, and relationships between, the home environment and motor development in children with and without CHARGE syndrome. CHARGE syndrome is a low-incidence, complex disorder with sensory and motor impairments. Participants included 28 parents of children with CHARGE syndrome and 32 parents of children without disabilities. Children with CHARGE syndrome achieved motor milestones significantly later and had fewer outside space affordances than children without disabilities. Older children had a greater variety of stimulation and fine motor toys, and those that achieved independent walking later had more outside space and fine and gross motor toys. Early experiences may be more important for children with CHARGE syndrome than children without disabilities. Moreover, parents can play a vital role in their children’s motor development to help them reach their motor milestones.
Comparing the Expense and Accuracy of Methods to Simulate Atomic Vibrations in Rubrene

Atomic vibrations can inform about materials properties from hole transport in organic semiconductors to correlated disorder in metal-organic frameworks. Currently, there are several methods for predicting these vibrations using simulations, but the accuracy-efficiency tradeoffs have not been examined in depth. In this study, rubrene is used as a model system to predict atomic vibrational properties using six different simulation methods: density functional theory, density functional tight binding, density functional tight binding with a Chebyshev polynomial-based correction, a trained machine learning model, a pretrained machine learning model called ANI-1, and a classical forcefield model. The accuracy of each method is evaluated by comparison to the experimental inelastic neutron scattering spectrum. All methods discussed here show some accuracy across a wide energy region, though the Chebyshev-corrected tight-binding method showed the optimal combination of high accuracy with low expense. We then offer broad simulation guidelines to yield efficient, accurate results for inelastic neutron scattering spectrum prediction.
Buying Voters: The Effect of Financial Incentives on Intentions to Vote

This paper explores whether voters will respond to tangible rewards in exchange for voting. First, we use an experimental design with data from the 2011 Cooperative Congressional Election Study to demonstrate that lotteries have the potential to boost turnout significantly for under-represented groups. Second, we analyze observational data from the 2008 election to demonstrate that the small tangible reward of free coffee had a small but statistically significant impact on turnout.
A new metric for evaluating genetic optimization of neural networks

In recent years researchers have used genetic algorithm techniques to evolve neural network topologies. Although these researchers have had the same end result in mind (namely, the evolution of topologies that are better able to solve a particular problem), the approaches they used varied greatly. Random selection of a genome coding scheme can easily result in sub-optimal genetic performance, since the efficiency of different evolutionary operations depends on how they affect schemata being processed in the population. In addition, the computational complexity involved in creating and evaluating neural networks usually does not allow for repetition of genetic experiments under different genome coding. I present an evaluation method that uses schema theory to aid the design of genetic codings for NN topology optimization. Furthermore, this methodology can help determine optimal balances between different evolutionary operators depending on the characteristics of the coding scheme. The methodology is tested on two GA-NN hybrid systems: one for natural language processing, and another for robot navigation.
Sensor network coverage restoration

Wireless sensor networks are emerging as a new computational platform consisting of small, low-power and inexpensive nodes that integrate a modest amount of sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities. These have found popular applications in a broad set of areas including environmental monitoring, habitat monitoring and disaster recovery. Typically sensor nodes are deployed over a geographical area for the purpose of detecting, tracking and monitoring events of interest. Reports produced upon the observation of specific events are then processed locally at the sensor nodes and transmitted over multiple hops to a centralized sink in order to reach an operations center or to be analyzed further. Since sensor nodes are deployed in a large land region, the objective is to achieve complete coverage of the region, that is, every location in the region lies in the observation field of at least one sensor node. However the initial placement of sensors may not achieve this goal for various reasons: the number of original sensors may have been too low, the original placement may have been random (for example, sensors deployed from the air) leaving parts of the region uncovered, or, some of the sensors have malfunctioned, leaving coverage holes. In this paper we study the coverage restoration problem in sensor networks. The fundamental question is “Given a two-dimensional area, a piece of land for example, and an initial set of sensors, how can we determine the number of sensor nodes required to completely cover the region”. Essentially, the coverage restoration problem re.ects how well an area is monitored by sensors. In abstract terms, our approach determines uncovered area in the sensor network .eld and proposes the deployment of nodes to completely cover the area. Our mechanism consists of two steps: (a) estimating the regions uncovered by sensors and (b) identifying the minimum number and location of sensors required to cover this region. The key idea of our technique is to make an e.cient and yet very accurate representation of the uncovered area that uses techniques from discrepancy theory. By representing the uncovered area as a set of points,we can use e.cient and simple algorithms for .nding small sets of sensors to cover the uncovered areas. We partition the sensor network into cells, and run these algorithms locally. We formulate this problem as a disk covering problem where the goal is to cover a set of points on the plane by a set of disks. This problem is known to be NP-complete. However, there exist various approximate solutions that run in polynomial time and have a bounded error ratio.We use one of such proposed algorithm for our experimental purpose. The technique we propose is distributed, and minimizes thecommunication costs.We present a comprehensive set of experiments that demonstrate that our technique is highly e.ective in achieving a good coverage of a given sensor network area.
The herpes simplex virus type 1 major capsid protein (VP5-UL19) promoter contains two cis-acting elements influencing late expression

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) major capsid protein VP5 gene (UL19) is expressed with beta gamma (gamma 1 [leaky late]) kinetics. We have previously described the construction of recombinant HSV-1 in which the VP5 promoter was engineered to control the expression of the bacterial beta-galactosidase gene as a reporter (C.-J. Huang, S. A. Goodart, M. K. Rice, J. F. Guzowski, and E. K. Wagner, J. Virol. 67:5109-5116, 1993). Here we describe further mutational analysis in recombinant viruses. We have precisely defined the boundaries of the VP5 promoter and identified two regions important for both the level and the kinetics of expression. The 5' boundary was located at -48 relative to the initiation site of transcription by analyzing a series of nested deletions in the upstream sequence, and although a number of cis-acting sites influencing transient expression have been identified upstream of this point, these sites have no role in promoter activity during productive infection. Deletion of an Sp1-binding site located between -48 and the TATA box at -30 greatly reduced VP5 promoter activity late but not early after infection. A cis-acting element whose sequence resembles the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 initiator was located between -2 and +10 in the VP5 sequence by characterizing a series of deletions and site-directed block mutations downstream the TATA box. This element defines the 3' limit of the VP5 promoter, and like the upstream element, disruption of this element also inhibited promoter activity late in the productive cycle.
Isolation and characterization of rat cDNA clones for two distinct thyroid hormone receptors.

Abstract Two distinct v-erbA-related cDNA clones representing the products of different genes were isolated from a rat liver cDNA library. The first, rc-erbA-alpha, was 82% identical to v-erbA and encoded a polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 45,000 daltons. This cDNA clone arises from the same gene product as a v-erbA-related cDNA isolated from rat brain by Thompson et al. (Thompson, C. C., Weinberger, C., Lebo, R., and Evans, R. (1987) Science 237, 1610-1614). The second cDNA clone, rc-erbA-beta, was 76% identical to v-erbA and encoded a polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 52,000 daltons. Both rc-erbA-alpha and rc-erbA-beta translational products bound 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine with affinities equal to each other (Kd approximately equal to 0.4 nM) and comparable to the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor extracted from rat liver. The relative affinities of a series of thyroid hormone analogs for both translational products were also identical. In various tissues and cell lines, the relative levels of rc-erbA-beta RNA, but not rc-erbA-alpha RNA, correlated with measurements of nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine binding sites. Based on this correlation, we suggest that rc-erbA-beta may encode the "classical" nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, whereas rc-erbA-alpha may encode an isoreceptor species with differing functional properties.
Variable structure process control

The design of a direct control of a chemical plant based on variable structure output feedback system theory is described. The plant consists of a reactor followed by an elaborate separation system. The overall control strategy is to operate the plant at near optimum return on investment. This is to be accomplished through a multilayered hierarchical computer control. Two control designs using boundary layers, which implement the lowest layer, are presented and examined. >
The Wonder of Life in Its Chemical Aspect

Hermann Staudinger was deeply interested in both macromolecular chemistry and biology. This chapter reviews briefly the shared origins of studies of natural and synthetic polymers, the subsequent divergence of the two fields, and their more recent convergence, made possible by the development of recombinant DNA methodology. The use of recombinant DNA technology to prepare well-defined macromolecular materials is discussed, along with the use of non-canonical amino acids as probes of protein synthesis in complex cellular systems.