cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the Delaying Gratification Inventory

Deficits in gratification delay are associated with a broad range of public health problems, such as obesity, risky sexual behavior, and substance abuse. However, six decades of research on the construct has progressed less quickly than might be hoped, largely due to measurement issues. Although past research implicates five domains of delay behavior, involving food, physical pleasures, social interactions, money, and achievement, no published measure to date has tapped all five components of the content domain. Existing measures have been criticized for limitations related to efficiency, reliability, and construct validity. Using an innovative Internet-mediated approach to survey construction, we developed the 35-item five-factor Delaying Gratification Inventory (DGI). Evidence from four studies and a large, diverse sample of respondents (N = 10,741) provided support for the psychometric properties of the measure. Specifically, scores on the DGI demonstrated strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the 35-item composite, each of the five domains, and a 10-item short-form. The five-factor structure fit the data well and had good measurement invariance across subgroups. Construct validity was supported by correlations with scores on closely-related self-control measures, behavioral ratings, Big Five personality trait measures, and measures of adjustment and psychopathology, including those on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). DGI scores also showed incremental validity in accounting for well-being and health-related variables. The present investigation holds implications for improving public health, accelerating future research on gratification delay, and facilitating survey construction research more generally by demonstrating the suitability of an Internet-mediated strategy.
MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with improved accuracy and speed

We present MUSCLE, a new program for creating multiple alignments of protein sequences. MUSCLE achieves the highest scores so far reported on four alignment benchmarks: Balibase, PREFAB, SABmark and SMART, achieving accuracy from 1% to 2.5% higher than T-Coffee and execution times that are generally lower than CLUSTALW for typical input data. With options designed for high-throughput applications, MUSCLE gives average accuracy statistically indistinguishable from T-Coffee and is the fastest published method for large numbers of sequences, able to align 5,000 sequences of length 300 in 7 minutes on a desktop computer. MUSCLE is freely available at http://www.drive5.com/muscle.
Author's reply [to Comment on "Surface wave enhanced broadband planar antenna for wireless applications"]

For original paper see K.M.K.H. Leong et al., ibid., vol.11, pp.62-64 (2001). For comment see T.J. Ellis, ibid., vol.13, no.6, pp.250-51 (2003). The authors appreciate the investigation and comments by T. J. Ellis regarding the quasi-Yagi antenna. In fact, one of the co-authors (Y. Qian) has been challenged multiple times in the past on the novelty of the quasi-Yagi antenna and feels obliged to take this opportunity to make some clarifications and re-emphasize the uniqueness of this particular antenna structure.
Coincidences and Patterns in Sequences

This entry provides a contemporary exposition at a moderately quantitative level of the distribution theory associated with sequences and patterns in iid multinomial trials, the birthday problem, and the matching problem. The section on patterns includes the classic distribution theory for waiting time for runs and more general patterns, and their means and moments. It also includes the central limit theorem and a.s. properties of the longest run, and modern applications to DNA sequence alignment. The section on birthdays reviews the Poisson approximation in the classical birthday problem, with new bounds on the total variation distance. It also includes a number of variants of the classic birthday problem, including the case of unequal probabilities, similar triplets, and the Bayesian version with Dirichlet priors on birthday probabilities. A new problem called the strong birthday problem with application to criminology is introduced. The section on matching covers the Poisson asymptotics, errors of Poisson approximations, and some variants such as near matches. It also briefly reviews the recent extraordinary developments in the area of longest increasing subsequences in random permutations. The entry provides a large number of examples, many not well known, to help a reader have a feeling for these questions at an intuitive level Keywords: patterns; runs; waiting times; generating functions; longest runs; birthday problem; poisson distribution; strong birthday problem; prior; random permutation; matching; longest increasing subsequence
Molecular Fingerprinting and Population Dynamics of Brevipalpus Mites on Texas Citrus

Three species of Brevipalpus mites are known potential vectors of the citrus leprosis virus (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Cyto- and Nucleorhabdovirus, CiLV). Species identification of these mites is difficult because of their small size and morphological similarities. The objective of this study was to develop an accurate and rapid molecular fingerprinting method for identifying B. phoenicis and B. californicus on Texas citrus. Iso-colonies of the two Brevipalpus species were cultured on immature citrus fruit and identified using a dichotomous key. Whole genome amplification was used to produce DNA template from single mites to identify the two species by amplified fragment length polymorphism and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR). Population dynamics of Brevipalpus were monitored in four citrus orchards during the 2007 growing season. Subsamples of mites were identified morphologically or by species-specific SCAR markers. Molecular fingerprinting was very efficient in identifying the two species of mites in subsamples, even in cases where the morphological identification did not discriminate between species. Brevipalpus spp. density per fruit was significantly affected by the host plant species, with sweet orange fruit hosting significantly higher density than grapefruit, Citrus x paradisi Macfad. The percentage of fruit infested with Brevipalpus mites varied significantly with time but not with host plant and the host plant by sampling date interaction. Comparison of molecular fingerprinting and morphological identification provided a high percentage of match >85% between the two methods, suggesting that molecular fingerprinting could facilitate studies on population dynamics of Brevipalpus in citrus.
Origins of verbal logic: spontaneous denials by two- and three-year olds

Children two to three years of age can spontaneously correct false statements and affirm true ones in a modified sentence verification paradigm. Such performances imply that very young children display knowledge of the rules of correspondence between language and reality (truth conditions) which are central to propositional logic, at an age when logical development in cognition has not been previously acknowledged.
Periodic and stochastic thermal modulation of protein folding kinetics

Chemical reactions are usually observed either by relaxation of a bulk sample after applying a sudden external perturbation, or by intrinsic fluctuations of a few molecules. Here we show that the two ideas can be combined to measure protein folding kinetics, either by periodic thermal modulation, or by creating artificial thermal noise that greatly exceeds natural thermal fluctuations. We study the folding reaction of the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase driven by periodic temperature waveforms. As the temperature waveform unfolds and refolds the protein, its fluorescence color changes due to FRET (Forster resonant Energy Transfer) of two donor/acceptor fluorophores labeling the protein. We adapt a simple model of periodically driven kinetics that nicely fits the data at all temperatures and driving frequencies: The phase shifts of the periodic donor and acceptor fluorescence signals as a function of driving frequency reveal reaction rates. We also drive the reaction with stochastic temperature waveforms that produce thermal fluctuations much greater than natural fluctuations in the bulk. Such artificial thermal noise allows the recovery of weak underlying signals due to protein folding kinetics. This opens up the possibility for future detection of a stochastic resonance for protein folding subject to noise with controllable amplitude.
AS CITIZENS OF HEAVEN: PEACE, WAR, AND PATRIOTISM AMONG PENTECOSTALS IN THE UNITED STATES DURING WORLD WAR I

Within a decade of the 1906 Los Angeles Azusa Street revival, Pentecostals in the United States voiced contrasting perspectives on pacifism and patriotism. The war in Europe during the early twentieth century challenged Pentecostal perspectives on peace, patriotism, and war. As Americans took up arms, most leaders within emerging Pentecostalism called upon the government to recognize the Pentecostal commitment to peace and to validate their constituents’ right to claim conscientious objector status. American Pentecostals were not consistent, however, in their objections. Many advocated pacifism; some did not.
Nasal Septal Deviation and Facial Skeletal Asymmetries.

During ontogeny, the nasal septum exerts a morphogenetic influence on the surrounding facial skeleton. While the influence of the septum is well established in long snouted animal models, its role in human facial growth is less clear. If the septum is a facial growth center in humans, we would predict that deviated septal growth would be associated with facial skeletal asymmetries. Using computed tomographic (CT) scans of n = 55 adult subjects, the purpose of this study was to test whether there is a correlation between septal deviation and facial asymmetries using three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric techniques. We calculated deviation as a percentage of septal volume relative to the volume of a modeled non-deviated septum. We then recorded skeletal landmarks representing the nasal, palatal, and lateral facial regions. Landmark data were superimposed using Procrustes analysis. First, we examined the correlation between nasal septal deviation and the overall magnitude of asymmetry. Next, we assessed whether there was a relationship between nasal septal deviation and more localized aspects of asymmetry using multivariate regression analysis. Our results indicate that while there was no correlation between septal deviation and the overall magnitude of asymmetry, septal deviation was associated with asymmetry primarily in the nasal floor and the palatal region. Septal deviation was unassociated with asymmetries in the lateral facial skeleton. Though we did not test the causal relationship between nasal septal deviation and facial asymmetry, our results suggest that the nasal septum may have an influence on patterns of adult facial form.
Temperature and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Total Factor Productivity

Understanding the relationship between temperature and economic growth is a critical component in designing optimal climate policies. This paper provides the first study that documents the relationship between daily temperature and total factor productivity (TFP). Using detailed firm-level production data from nearly two million observations in the Chinese manufacturing sector from 1998 to 2007, I find an inverted U-shaped relationship between daily temperature and TFP. By contrast, the effects of temperature on labor and capital inputs are limited. Moreover, the response function between daily temperature and output is almost identical with temperature and TFP, suggesting that reduction in TFP in response to high temperatures is the primary driver behind output losses. A medium-run climate prediction indicates that climate change will reduce TFP from 3.10 to 5.27%, and result in output losses from 4.51 to 6.91%. This corresponds to CNY 164.68-251.97 billion (USD 25.65-39.24 billion) losses in 2013 values. Given the invariance of TFP to the intensity of labor and capital inputs, Chinese manufacturing may be less likely to avoid climate damages simply by factor allocation. New innovations that expand the technology frontier for all inputs needs to occur to offset weather-driven TFP losses if other adaptation strategies are not feasible.
Comparative Pathology of Aging Great Apes Bonobos, Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangutans

The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives. Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes, including the human ape. Common to all are dental attrition, periodontitis, tooth loss, osteopenia, and arthritis, although gout is uniquely human and spondyloarthropathy is more prevalent in apes than humans. Humans are more prone to frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, longevity past reproductive senescence, loss of brain volume, and Alzheimer dementia. Cerebral vascular disease occurs in both humans and apes. Cardiovascular disease mortality increases in aging humans and apes, but coronary atherosclerosis is the most significant type in humans. In captive apes, idiopathic myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyopathy predominate, with arteriosclerosis of intramural coronary arteries. Similar cardiac lesions are occasionally seen in wild apes. Vascular changes in heart and kidneys and aortic dissections in gorillas and bonobos suggest that hypertension may be involved in pathogenesis. Chronic kidney disease is common in elderly humans and some aging apes and is linked with cardiovascular disease in orangutans. Neoplasms common to aging humans and apes include uterine leiomyomas in chimpanzees, but other tumors of elderly humans, such as breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers, are uncommon in apes. Among the apes, chimpanzees have been best studied in laboratory settings, and more comparative research is needed into the pathology of geriatric zoo-housed and wild apes. Increasing longevity of humans and apes makes understanding aging processes and diseases imperative for optimizing quality of life in all the ape species.
Self-Characterized Illness Phase and Information Needs of Participants in an Online Cancer Forum

A diagnosis of cancer is the first step on a long journey of treatment, follow-up, and maintenance or survivorship. As 5-year survivorship rates among cancer patients increase, more cancer survivors will participate in online discussion forums and support groups to assist current cancer patients through their illness. Online venues are both optimal for the exchange of patient expertise and a safe space for patients to “meet” others undergoing similar experiences. This paper presents the findings of content analysis in a general cancer forum hosted on reddit.com (r/cancer). We delineate the types of conversations found on the forum and their conceptual “shapes” (e.g., call and response of question and answer, sharing of stories), and describe connections between self-characterized cancer illness phase and stated information needs. We find that online participants posting immediately after diagnosis or during treatment tend to ask for advice; survivors are more likely to share information in the form of personal narratives; and terminal patients seek acknowledgement from the community and validation in their choices. These findings demonstrate that information systems design tailored to illness phase can expedite information finding and increase information relevance for cancer patients and survivors.
Automatically encapsulating HPC best practices into data transfers

This paper presents the Shift automated transfer tool and the mechanisms it employs to achieve better performance while preserving the stability of HPC environments. Shift encapsulates best practices understood by domain experts during transfers so that scientists can focus on their science without the need to study file transports, resource management, and file systems as well. Shift understands how to utilize the variety of transports that might be deployed throughout a widely distributed user base, how to maximize the performance achievable by each, and the scenarios in which each is most effective. Shift understands which resources are available in a particular HPC environment and how to utilize them for significant performance increases while preventing resource exhaustion. Finally, Shift understands the file systems to which and from which files may be transferred and the nuances to their use that affect performance and stability behind the scenes.
Plant Phenology Observation Networks

Phenological observations and calendars were used in agriculture thousands of years ago in both China and Rome. The term “phenology” was first proposed by the Belgian botanist Charles Morren in 1853, but the father of modern plant phenology and phenological observation networks is the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (or Carl von Linne). In Philosophia Botanica Linnaeus (1751) outlined methods for compiling annual plant calendars of leaf opening, flowering, fruiting, and leaf fall, together with climatological observations “so as to show how areas differ.” Linnaeus’ simple statement of the purpose of phenology is still valid today, although the potential uses of phenology have expanded considerably.
Microfabricated Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters With Magnet and Coil Arrays Suspended by Silicon Springs

This paper presents two microfabricated electromagnetic energy harvesters (one with coil proof mass and the other with magnet proof mass) suspended by silicon springs on a silicon wafer. The fabrication steps are based on a planar batch process (similar to the process used for integrated circuits), and are ideally suited for mass production of energy harvesters. Rapid spatial variations of magnetic field are produced by a magnet array, and are coupled and aligned to an array of multiple-turn spiral coils (made of electroplated copper on a silicon) for maximum magnetic flux change. The narrow gap between the magnet and coil arrays is precisely controlled by silicon etching technique. Experimental results show that the energy harvester with a coil proof mass generates an induced electromotive force (EMF) of $V_{\textit {p-p}}=18.2$ mV with $0.75~\mu \text{W}$ power output (into $13.8~\Omega $ load) when it is vibrated at 410 Hz with vibration amplitude of 6.7 $\mu \text{m}$ (corresponding to 4.5 g acceleration). Another energy harvester with a magnet proof mass generates an EMF of $V_{\textit {p-p}}=16.8$ mV with $0.82~\mu \text{W}$ power output (into $10.8~\Omega $ load) when it is vibrated at 350 Hz with vibration amplitude of 9.1 $\mu \text{m}$ (corresponding to 4.5 g acceleration).
Death and Turnout: The Human Costs of War and Voter Participation in Democracies

War heightens public interest in politics, especially when human lives are lost. We examine whether, and how, combat casualties affect the decision to vote in established democracies. Drawing from social psychology research on mortality salience, we expect increasing casualties to increase the salience of death, information that moves people to defend their worldview, especially nationalistic and ideological values. By heightening the importance of values, we propose that combat casualties increase the benefits of voting. In particular, we expect the effect of combat casualties to be pronounced among the least politically engaged. Using both cross-national data of elections in 23 democracies over a 50-year period and survey data from the United States and United Kingdom during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, we found that mounting casualties increase turnout. Furthermore, as expected, we found the effect of casualties to be most pronounced among those least interested in politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The Role of microRNAs in Cardiac Development and Regenerative Capacity

The mammalian heart has long been considered to be a postmitotic organ. It was thought that, in the postnatal period, the heart underwent a transition from hyperplasic growth (more cells) to hypertrophic growth (larger cells) due to the conversion of cardiomyocytes from a proliferative state to one of terminal differentiation. This hypothesis was gradually disproven, as data were published showing that the myocardium is a more dynamic tissue in which cardiomyocyte karyokinesis and cytokinesis produce new cells, leading to the hyperplasic regeneration of some of the muscle mass lost in various pathological processes. microRNAs have been shown to be critical regulators of cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation and may offer the novel opportunity of regenerative hyperplasic therapy. Here we summarize the relevant processes and recent progress regarding the functions of specific microRNAs in cardiac development and regeneration.
POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP DISCOVERY IN TAG-AWARE MUSIC STYLE CLUSTERING AND ARTIST SOCIAL NETWORKS

With the rapid growth of music information and data in today’s ever changing world, exploring and analyzing music style has become more and more difficult. Traditional content-based methods for music style analysis and newly emerged tag-based methods usually assume music items are independent of each other. However, in real world applications, do there exist some relationships among them. In this paper, we construct the social relation graph among different music artists by extracting the friendship information from social media such as Twitter, and incorporate the generated social networking graph into tag-based music style clustering. Experiments on real data show the effectiveness of this novel integration of different information sources.
Intravenous levetiracetam versus phenobarbital in children with status epilepticus or acute repetitive seizures.

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of intravenous (i.v.) phenobarbital (PHB) and i.v. levetiracetam (LEV) in children with status epilepticus (SE) or acute repetitive seizure (ARS). Methods: The medical records of children (age range, 1 month to 15 years) treated with i.v. PHB or LEV for SE or ARS at our single tertiary center were retrospectively reviewed. Seizure termination was defined as seizure cessation within 30 minutes of infusion completion and no recurrence within 24 hours. Information on the demographic variables, electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, previous antiepileptic medications, and adverse events after drug infusion was obtained. Results: The records of 88 patients with SE or ARS (median age, 18 months; 50 treated with PHB and 38 with LEV) were reviewed. The median initial dose of i.v. PHB was 20 mg/kg (range, 10–20 mg/kg) and that of i.v. LEV was 30 mg/kg (range, 20–30 mg/kg). Seizure termination occurred in 57.9% of patients treated with i.v. LEV (22 of 38) and 74.0% treated with i.v. PHB (37 of 50) (P=0.111). The factor associated with seizure termination was the type of event (SE vs. ARS) in each group. Adverse effects were reported in 13.2% of patients treated with i.v. LEV (5 of 38; n=4, aggressive behavior and n=1, vomiting), and 28.0% of patients treated with i.v. PHB (14 of 50). Conclusion: Intravenous LEV was efficacious and safe in children with ARS or SE. Further evaluation is needed to determine the most effective and best-tolerated loading dose of i.v. LEV.
Preparation and anti-insulin activity of lipoprotein fractions from rat serum.

Summary1. Procedures for routine preparation from rat serum of fractions uniformly inhibitory to glucose uptake of rat diaphragm have been developed; it was possible to obtain such fractions not only from diabetic rat serum, as previously reported, but also from normal rat serum. Inhibitory activity of fractions from normal serum was enhanced by prior treatment of serum donor with pituitary growth hormone; adrenocorticotrophic hormone or thyrotrophic hormone had no such effect. 2. Inhibitory fractions had gross properties of β-lipoproteins and could be prepared free of lipides having electrophoretic mobility of albumin or α-globulins. Average ratio of total lipide to protein was .25 for fractions from diabetic rat serum and .11 for fractions from normal rat serum; phosphatide/total lipide ratio was lower in such fractions than in parent sera. Relation of inhibitory activity to lipide content requires further clarification, as inhibitory activity may be lost by delay during preparation of fractions without...
Coherence index and curvelet transformation for denoising geophysical data.

Geophysical data contain stochastic noise that may mask their useful content. For example, ground roll (GR) is a coherent noise that is present in seismic data. Thus, such data are usually a mixture of useful information and useless coherent noise. The latter masks the relevant geologic information that seismic records contain, and its removal has always been a problem of fundamental importance. We propose a denoising method based on the curvelet transformation (CT), a multiscale transformation with strong directional character that provides an optimal representation of objects that have discontinuities along their edges. An algorithm is presented for processing and denoising of geophysical data. As an example, we apply the method to seismic images that are contaminated with the GR noise. First, the coherence index (CI), which represents a measure of the amount of energy contained in the most coherent modes of Karhunen-Loeve transform for any given segment of the data, is computed. The contaminated region of the data is then identified as the maximum region of the CI. After demarcating the contaminated segment, the CT is used to eliminate the noise. The method removes the noise with negligible distortion of the data's noncontaminated region. It is also significantly more efficient computationallty than the previous methods. The use of the method is demonstrated by its application to synthetic, as well as actual, seismic data for hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Exploration, Drilling, and Extraction U.S. Environmental and Safety Records

The oil exploration and drilling industry has long maintained a reputation of roughnecks, John Wayne-type rugged individuals swiftly executing dangerous procedures in search of a volatile and explosive liquid contained in pressurized pockets beneath the earth’s surface. When things, go wrong, as they occasionally do, a daring Red Adair-type individual sweeps in to explode the runaway well back into the earth.48
Optimal fractional state feedback control for linear fractional periodic time-delayed systems

This paper proposes a new strategy to design an optimal fractional state feedback control for linear fractional periodic time-delayed (FPTD) systems. Although there exist different techniques to design the state feedback control for linear ordinary periodic time-delayed (OPTD) systems such as discretizing their monodromy matrix, there is no systematic method to design state feedback control for FPTD systems. Moreover, linear OPTD systems have the monodromy operator defined explicitly in a Banach space, and can be discretized in arbitrary basis functions. However, linear FPTD systems do not have any monodromy operator because of the nonlocal properties of fractional operators. In the proposed method, a monodromy matrix is defined for the steady state solution. Then, the efficiency of the proposed control technique is shown by implementing the method to a double inverted pendulum with fractional dampers subject to a periodic retarded follower force.
Cytotoxic Properties of a DEPTOR-mTOR Inhibitor in Multiple Myeloma Cells.

DEPTOR is a 48kDa protein that binds to mTOR and inhibits this kinase in TORC1 and TORC2 complexes. Over-expression of DEPTOR specifically occurs in a model of multiple myeloma (MM). Its silencing in MM cells is sufficient to induce cytotoxicity, suggesting DEPTOR is a potential therapeutic target. mTORC1 paralysis protects MM cells against DEPTOR silencing, implicating mTORC1 in DEPTOR9s critical role in MM cell viability. Building on this foundation, we interrogated a small molecule library for compounds that prevent DEPTOR binding to mTOR in a yeast-two-hybrid assay. One compound was identified that also prevented DEPTOR-mTOR binding in human myeloma cells with subsequent activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2. In a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, the compound bound to recombinant DEPTOR but not to mTOR. The drug also prevented binding of recombinant DEPTOR to mTOR in the SPR assay. Remarkably, although activating TORC1 and TORC2, the compound induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MM cell lines and prevented outgrowth of human MM cells in immunodeficient mice. In vitro cytotoxicity against MM cell lines was directly correlated with DEPTOR protein expression and was mediated, in part, by the activation of TORC1 and induction of p21 expression. Additional cytotoxicity was seen against primary MM cells while normal hematopoietic colony formation was unaffected. These results further support DEPTOR as a viable therapeutic target in MM and suggest an effective strategy of preventing binding of DEPTOR to mTOR.
The problem with ‘alternative’

For years after I dissected a fetal pig in ninth grade, I identified as an aspiring scientist. I was enraptured by the way that anatomical parts, unimpressive on their own, came together to form a living creature. I wanted to devote my life to studying such marvels by becoming a professor at the
Multimedia Field Test: Evaluating the Creative Ambitions of SuperBetter and Its Quest to Gamify Mental Health

Abstract SuperBetter is a family of interfaces including a browser-based game, an online forum, and a companion mobile application that collectively seek to “gamify” resilience, wellness, motivation, and mental health. Players register and use “gamified” components and content to address mental and physical health challenges and to pursue identified goals. The primary strength of the SuperBetter ecosystem is its innovative approach, drawing on gaming metaphors and the use of evidence-based strategies in both its design and provided content. Efforts in creating an engaging, playable system incentivizing users’ incremental steps towards larger goals are constrained by SuperBetter’s relative lack of structure and direction, limits to meaningful progress monitoring, its largely static content regardless of varied user goals, and broad concerns regarding the utility of the overall system. The program presents a potential model for the application of gaming techniques and design to the dissemination of clinically effective concepts to a larger consumer market, but presently lacks sufficient empirical support for claims of evidence-based effectiveness.
Health impact assessment as an instrument to examine the health implications of education policies

Abstract Objectives Health impact assessment (HIA) is a systematic process that can be used by public health professionals to examine the potential health effects of a policy, plan, program, or project that originates outside of the health sector. This article presents a case study of how an interdisciplinary team utilized an HIA to analyze the potential health impact of full-day kindergarten (FDK) on communities in Nevada. Study design Case study. Methods With stakeholder and community engagement, we conducted a multistage HIA that included qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis, a review of existing literature, and projections. The team considered several pathways through which FDK could impact health in Nevada: (1) school performance; (2) physical development (physical activity and nutrition education); and (3) access to school-based meals and health screenings. Results Findings indicated that access to FDK could enhance opportunities for Nevada's children to harness school-based services, increase physical activity, and promote nutrition education. In addition, based on existing research that suggests relationships between (1) FDK attendance and 3rd and 5th grade math and reading standardized test scores and (2) 3rd and 5th grade test scores and high school graduation, as well as available state and national data, we estimated that access to FDK could increase high school graduation in Nevada by 499–820 students per year. Conclusions This HIA demonstrated that access to FDK could impact both student and adult health in Nevada. Our engagement of public health professionals along with stakeholders and the community in the HIA process demonstrated that HIAs can be an important tool for public health professionals to examine the effects on community health of policies, programs, plans or projects that arise outside of the health sector.
Task-related and person-related variables influence the effect of low back pain on anticipatory postural adjustments

Abstract Background People with low back pain exhibit altered postural coordination that has been suggested as a target for treatment, but heterogeneous presentation has rendered it difficult to identify appropriate candidates and protocols for such treatments. This study evaluated the associations of task-related and person-related factors with the effect of low back pain on anticipatory postural adjustments. Methods Thirteen subjects with and 13 without low back pain performed seated, rapid arm flexion in self-initiated and cued conditions. Mixed-model ANOVA were used to evaluate group and condition effects on APA onset latencies of trunk muscles, arm-raise velocity, and pre-movement cortical potentials. These measures were evaluated for correlation with pain ratings, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire scores, and Modified Oswestry Questionnaire scores. Findings Delayed postural adjustments of subjects with low back pain were greater in the cued condition than in the self-initiated condition. The group with low back pain exhibited larger-amplitude cortical potentials than the group without pain, but also significantly slower arm-raise velocities. With arm-raise velocity as a covariate, the effect of low back pain remained significant for the latencies of postural adjustments but not for cortical potentials. Latencies of the postural adjustments significantly correlated with Oswestry and Fear Avoidance Beliefs scores. Interpretation Delayed postural adjustments with low back pain appear to be influenced by cueing of movement, pain-related disability and fear of activity. These results highlight the importance of subject characteristics, task condition, and task performance when comparing across studies or when developing treatment of people with low back pain.
Dr. John C. Reed, Jr.: Pioneering Geologist, Mountaineer, and Author of Creation of the Teton Landscape

Few geologists today possess the mountaineering skills to study rocks exposed in the topographically challenging terrain of the Tetons. Even fewer can claim the accomplishment of making the first geologic map of an entire mountain range. One of these pioneering geologists is John C. Reed, Jr., who joined the U.S. Geological Survey in 1953, and who is now scientist emeritus at the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver (Figure 1). In addition to his field geology expertise, Dr. Reed also has a special talent for communicating complex geologic concepts to the public. The purpose of this project was to profile this pioneering mountaineer-geologist and accomplished writer, and to archive his maps, field notes, and photographs for use by future scientists and for the public, particularly park visitors.
An Empirical Model of Radiation Belt Electron Pitch Angle Distributions Based On Van Allen Probes Measurements

Based on over 4 years of Van Allen Probes measurements, an empirical model of radiation belt electron equatorial pitch angle distribution (PAD) is constructed. The model, developed by fitting electron PADs with Legendre polynomials, provides the statistical PADs as a function of L-shell (L = 1-6), magnetic local time, electron energy (~30 keV to 5.2 MeV), and geomagnetic activity (represented by the Dst index) and is also the first empirical PAD model in the inner belt and slot region. For megaelectron volt electrons, model results show more significant day-night PAD asymmetry of electrons with higher energies and during disturbed times, which is caused by geomagnetic field configuration and flux radial gradient changes. Steeper PADs with higher fluxes around 90° pitch angle and lower fluxes at lower pitch angles for higher energy electrons and during active times are also present, which could be due to electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave scattering. For hundreds of kiloelectron volt electrons, cap PADs are generally present in the slot region during quiet times and their energy-dependent features are consistent with hiss wave scattering, while during active times, cap PADs are less significant especially at outer part of slot region, which could be due to the complex energizing and transport processes. The 90°-minimum PADs are persistently present in the inner belt and appear in the slot region during active times, and minima at 90° pitch angle are more significant for electrons with higher energies, which could be a critical evidence in identifying the underlying physical processes responsible for the formation of 90°-minimum PADs.
A New Foreperiod Effect on Intertrial Phase Coherence. Part I: Existence and Behavioral Relevance.

This letter makes scientific and methodological contributions. Scientifically, it demonstrates a new and behaviorally relevant effect of temporal expectation on the phase coherence of the electroen...
Investigating and Comparing Spatial Accuracy and Precision of GPS-Enabled Devices in Middle Tennessee

GPS-enabled mobile devices are extremely popular today. Billions of such devices are currently in use. The application and research potentials of these devices are limitless, but how accurate are these devices? The research team used Average Euclidean Error (AEE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Central Error (CE) to define and calculate the accuracy and precision of twelve popular GPS-enabled mobiles devices in two different geographical regions in Middle Tennessee. Field data were collected, and the results were ranked and compared. A website and related algorithm were developed to facilitate potential future research. In this preliminary study, it was discovered that various mobile devices performed differently in terms of AEE, RMSE, and CE. Their performance also varied in different geographical regions in terms of both (AEE, RMSE, and CE) values and ranking.
Nuclear Dynamics: The Time-Dependent Mean-Field Approximation and Beyond

Since physicists vary in their degree of interest in the theory of nuclear dynamics, these lectures address several levels of theoretical sophistication. Whereas one might mumble excuses concerning the broad distribution in the background of students, in fact my time and endurance simply gave out before I had produced a completely satisfactory pedagogical sequence which started at the very beginning and derived everything required to reach the end. In addition to sincere apologies to all concerned and a few homework problems designed to fill in the most obvious gaps, I also offer the following brief guide to the reader.
Evaluate and Score Knowledge Management Activities and their Implementation During a Project Lifecycle Using (HDM)

Knowledge management (KM) is a significant tool and a critical resource to ensure the accomplishment of any project effectively. Detection of what is needed in terms of the knowledge, readiness level and overall understanding needed by a project can be successfully identified by various knowledge management tools. Early use of KM practices can be rewarding for the overall project. However, a collaborative knowledge management (KM) approach into project management is a challenging task that requires a clear understanding of the value of the knowledge management activities and how to integrate them within a project lifecycle. However, this study aims to evaluate and score the knowledge management (KM) activities that impact the implementation of knowledge management (KM) concept in project lifecycle including leadership, organization, technology, and learning based on project management experts point view using a hierarchical decision model (HDM).
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis

Catatonia due to autoimmune limbic encephalitis has been frequently reported in recent years. A 17-year-old male who presented with catatonia and whose workup for autoimmune encephalitis was negative was nevertheless treated empirically with steroids and IVIG due to an atypical presentation. This worsened his psychosis. His atypical features could be explained without invoking antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis. Clinicians must take care to consider the diagnosis of classical idiopathic psychiatric disorders when neuropsychiatric features don’t add up.
The 2015 Amtrak Philadelphia Train Derailment: After-Action Review of the Emergency Radiology Response at Temple University Health System.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this article is to assess a large tertiary care medical center’s emergency radiology response after the 2015 Amtrak Philadelphia train derailment. Methods and Materials A total of 55 patients with 308 total CTs and radiographs ordered within 12 hours of arrival to Temple University Health System (combining Temple University Hospital and Episcopal Hospital) emergency departments on May 12 to 13, 2015, were included in this study. A retrospective PACS and electronic medical record chart review of emergency department imaging turnaround times (TAT) during this event was completed and compared with emergency department radiology operations for the same 12-hour period throughout the preceding year. Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test analysis was performed. Results A total of 308 CTs and radiographs were performed, and 91 radiologically evident injuries were observed in a total of 30 patients, with fractures (n = 51) as the most common type of injury. There were no significant differences in time from patient arrival to beginning of radiological examination (26 min; interquartile range [IQR], 11-58 min) compared with annual median (28 min; IQR, 10-131 min; P = .232). Examination completion TATs were significantly increased (35 min; IQR, 17-112 min) compared with annual median (10 min; IQR, 5-15 min; P Conclusions The analysis highlights areas of efficiency in our response but also indicates areas for process improvement in future potential mass casualty events.
An analogue of the Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv Theorem over Z

Abstract Let S be a multiset of integers. We say S is a zero-sum sequence if the sum of its elements is 0. We study zero-sum sequences whose elements lie in the interval [ − k , k ] such that no subsequence of length t is also zero-sum. Given these restrictions, Augspurger, Minter, Shoukry, Sissokho, Voss show that there are arbitrarily long t -avoiding, k -bounded zero-sum sequences unless t is divisible by lcm ( 2 , 3 , 4 , … , max ( 2 , 2 k − 1 ) ) . We confirm a conjecture of these authors that for k and t such that this divisibility condition holds, every zero-sum sequence of length at least t + k 2 − k contains a zero-sum subsequence of length t , and that this is the minimal length for which this property holds.
Oxygen generating biomaterial improves the function and efficacy of beta cells within a macroencapsulation device

Tissue-engineered devices have the potential to significantly improve human health. A major impediment to the success of clinically scaled transplants, however, is insufficient oxygen transport, which leads to extensive cell death and dysfunction. To provide in situ supplementation of oxygen within a cellular implant, we developed a hydrolytically reactive oxygen generating material in the form of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulated solid calcium peroxide, termed OxySite. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, the successful implementation of this in situ oxygen-generating biomaterial to support elevated cellular function and efficacy of macroencapsulation devices for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Under extreme hypoxic conditions, devices supplemented with OxySite exhibited substantially elevated beta cell and islet viability and function. Furthermore, the inclusion of OxySite within implanted macrodevices resulted in the significant improvement of graft efficacy and insulin production in a diabetic rodent model. Translating to human islets at elevated loading densities further validated the advantages of this material. This simple biomaterial-based approach for delivering a localized and controllable oxygen supply provides a broad and impactful platform for improving the therapeutic efficacy of cell-based approaches.
The Role of the Primary Cilium in Sensing Extracellular pH.

Biosensors on the membrane of the vascular endothelium are responsible for sensing mechanical and chemical signals in the blood. Transduction of these stimuli into intracellular signaling cascades regulate cellular processes including ion transport, gene expression, cell proliferation, and/or cell death. The primary cilium is a well-known biosensor of shear stress but its role in sensing extracellular pH change has never been examined. As a cellular extension into the immediate microenvironment, the cilium could be a prospective sensor for changes in pH and regulator of acid response in cells. We aim to test our hypothesis that the primary cilium plays the role of an acid sensor in cells using vascular endothelial and embryonic fibroblast cells as in vitro models. We measure changes in cellular pH using pH-sensitive 2′,7′-biscarboxyethy1-5,6-carboxyfluorescein acetoxy-methylester (BCECF) fluorescence and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity to quantify responses to both extracellular pH (pHo) and intracellular pH (pHi) changes. Our studies show that changes in pHo affect pHi in both wild-type and cilia-less Tg737 cells and that the kinetics of the pHi response are similar in both cells. Acidic pHo or pHi was observed to change the length of primary cilia in wild-type cells while the cilia in Tg737 remained absent. Vascular endothelial cells respond to acidic pH through activation of ERK1/2 and p38-mediated signaling pathways. The cilia-less Tg737 cells exhibit delayed responsiveness to pHo dependent and independent pHi acidification as depicted in the phosphorylation profile of ERK1/2 and p38. Otherwise, intracellular pH homeostatic response to acidic pHo is similar between wild-type and Tg737 cells, indicating that the primary cilia may not be the sole sensor for physiological pH changes. These endothelial cells respond to pH changes with a predominantly K+-dependent pHi recovery mechanism, regardless of ciliary presence or absence.
Penicillin allergy: A practical guide for clinicians

Penicillin allergy is the most commonly reported drug allergy in the United States. However, after undergoing a complete evaluation by a board-certified allergist, including skin testing, 90% of patients labeled as 'penicillin-allergic' are able to tolerate penicillin. Clinical presentation is key in classifying reactions as either mediated by or not mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE), and in determining which patients may benefit from penicillin skin testing, graded-dose challenge, or desensitization. Cross-reactivity between penicillin and other beta-lactams is less common than previously thought.