cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interparental violence and maternal mood disorders as predictors of adolescent physical aggression within the family

Although a wealth of research has examined the effects of parental mood disorders on offspring maladjustment, studies have not identified whether elevated interparental violence (IPV) may be an exacerbating influence in this pathway. This study examined levels of physical IPV perpetration and victimization in mothers with unipolar depression or Bipolar Disorder (BD) and the processes by which maternal physical IPV moderated adolescents' physical aggression in families with maternal mood disorders. Mothers with lifetime mood disorders were predicted to have elevated IPV compared to well mothers, and maternal IPV was expected to moderate the association between lifetime mood disorders and adolescent aggression. Participants included 61 intact families with maternal depression (n = 24), BD (n = 13), or well mothers (n = 24) and two siblings (ages 10 to 18 years). Using the Conflict Tactics Scale, mothers reported on IPV perpetration and victimization, and adolescents reported on physical aggression. Mothers with BD reported significantly higher IPV perpetration, but not victimization, than depressed or well mothers. An interaction between maternal BD and IPV perpetration was a significant predictor of adolescent aggression. Main effects of maternal IPV victimization and interaction effects of maternal depression and either type of IPV on adolescent aggression were not significant. Adolescents of mothers who have BD and perpetrate IPV may be particularly vulnerable to being aggressive. Prevention and policy efforts to deter transmission of aggression in high-risk families should target families with maternal BD and intervene at the level of conflict resolution within the family. Aggr. Behav. 9999:XX-XX, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Hypersocial-Interactive Writing: An Audience of Readers-as-Writers

This article theorizes the development of a hybrid literate identity—one of both reader and writer. That is, prior to the emergence of social and digital media, the act of meaning-making in models of audience and writing developed in or emerging from the social turn in composition were more heavily dependent on the writer. Based on analysis of wiki talk pages, I describe a model of writing that accounts for “readers-as-writers.” Consequently, this article builds upon audience scholarship to develop a “hypersocial-interactive model of writing” to help us to better understand possible reader and writer roles in digital writing environments.
Learning Models of the Negotiation Partner in Spatio-temporal Collaboration

We describe an approach for learning the model of the opponent in spatio-temporal negotiation. We use the Children in the Rectangular Forest canonical problem as an example. The opponent model is represented by the physical characteristics of the agents: the current location and the destination. We assume that the agents do not disclose any of their information voluntarily; the learning needs to rely on the study of the offers exchanged during normal negotiation. Our approach is Bayesian learning, with the main contribution being four techniques through which the posterior probabilities are determined. The calculations rely on (a) feasibility of offers, (b) rationality of offers, (c) the assumption of decreasing utility, and (d) the assumption of accepting offer which is better than the next counter-offer.
Technical Report Interchange through Synchronized OAI Caches

The Technical Report Interchange project is a cooperative experimental effort between NASA Langley ResearchCen ter, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Air Force Research Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory and Old Dominion University to allow for the integration of technical reports. This is accomplished using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) and having each site cache the metadata from the other participating sites. Each site also implements additional software to ingest the OAI-PMH harvested meta-data into their native digital library (DL). This allows the users at each site to see an increased technical report collection through the familiar DL interfaces and take advantage of whatever valued added services are provided by the native DL.
Glucose attenuates cold-induced impairment of delayed matching-to-sample performance in rats

Administration of glucose has been shown to enhance performance in a variety of test situations in which memory is impaired by some amnestic treatment. In the present study, the effects of glucose were examined on a working-memory deficit produced when rats performed a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) task while being exposed to ambient cold air. In the DMTS task, the rats were required to respond on one of two levers cued by an illuminated light above the lever on the front wall of an operant chamber. Following a variable delay ranging from 1 to 16 sec, both lights were illuminated and the rats were required to correctly respond on the lever previously cued for a food reward. They responded on the back wall lever during the delay interval to prevent position bias. Glucose (10–500 mg/kg) or saline, administered (i.p.) in a mixed sequence, were given 1 h before a 75-min session in which the rats performed the DMTS task (180 trials). During test sessions, the ambient air temperature was either 23°C or 2°C. Administration of glucose during exposure to 23°C did not systematically affect matching accuracy or other performance measures. In the rats pretreated with saline, exposure to 2°C produced a downward shift in the delay gradient in that matching accuracy was impaired at all delay intervals when compared with performance at 23°C. Glucose produced dose-dependent improvement of matching accuracy with short, but not long, interpolated delays. Selective modulation of cold-induced impairment of working memory at the short delays suggests that glucose preferentially enhances stimulus acquisition during exposure to cold stress.
A nonequilibrium statistical field theory of swarms and other spatially extended complex systems

A class of models with applications to swarm behavior as well as many other types of spatially extended complex biological and physical systems is studied. Internal fluctuations can play an active role in the organization of the phase structure of such systems. Consequently, it is not possible to fully understand the behavior of these systems without explicitly incorporating the fluctuations. In particular, for the class of models studied here the effect of internal fluctuations due to finite size is a renormalized decrease in the temperature near the point of spontaneous symmetry breaking. We briefly outline how these models can be applied to the behavior of an ant swarm.
Country Road Bureaucracy: The Challenges of Social Service Delivery in an Economically Disadvantaged Rural State

The devolution of state authority embedded in the 1996 federal welfare reform law (since reaffirmed in the 2006 reauthorization of this law) has enormous implications for economically disadvantaged adults and their families as well as those responsible for the local management and delivery of these welfare services. Although over a decade of welfare reform “impact” research currently exists, the majority of this literature focuses primarily on welfare clients in urban areas. This study identifies service delivery processes in rural areas in an Appalachian state with high levels of poverty and unemployment, limited economic resources for investment and development, and inadequate administrative capacity. Welfare reform affects urban and rural beneficiaries differently. This article highlights (1) the challenges faced by TANF caseworkers who implement welfare reform policies on a daily basis in West Virginia, (2) how these daily practices are heavily influenced by cultural and organization practices, and (3...
Integrated test solutions and test economics for MCMs

Multichip Modules (MCMs) use complex digital, analog, and mixed-signal chips on a single substrate from different vendors. To ensure quality of die and the functionality and performance of MCMs, extensive testing is required at all levels. This paper presents structured test methodologies for MCMs. The economics associated with these methodologies and their relative cost at the MCM level are also presented.
The impact of LSIL-H terminology on patient follow-up patterns: A comparison with LSIL and ASC-H

The Papanicolaou (Pap) test category of “low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion” (LSIL-H) is not recognized by The Bethesda System but is commonly used. It is essentially an amalgamation of the official LSIL and ASC-H categories. Since these two categories have similar follow-up algorithms, the clinical utility of the combined LSIL-H category is unclear. We have therefore studied follow-up patterns for these three entities in our laboratory to determine the real-world impact of each in our patient population. We searched our pathology database over an 18-month period to find Pap tests (predominantly ThinPrep) interpreted as LSIL-H (137), LSIL (2,189), and ASC-H (101). Like other studies, we found that the discovery rate of high grade dysplasia in biopsies after LSIL-H (31.9%) was similar to ASC-H (35.3%) and was higher than LSIL (7.6%; P < 0.0001). In women with no previous history of dysplasia, the frequency of biopsy follow-up after the initial Pap test was significantly higher for LSIL-H (68.3%) than for LSIL (49.6%; P = 0.0038) and similar to ASC-H (62.3%). We also found that women with an initial negative biopsy or a biopsy positive for low grade dysplasia were more likely to undergo an additional biopsy if the initial Pap test was LSIL-H (36.2%) than if it was LSIL (18.2%; P = 0.0023). ASC-H (26.9%) had an intermediate rate. In our patient population, the use of the terminology LSIL-H is associated with follow-up biopsy patterns much more similar to ASC-H than to LSIL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:960–964. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mapping Tectonic Deformation in the Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean

We constructed a three-dimensional azimuthally anisotropic model of Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean based on adjoint seismic tomography. Several features are well correlated with historical tectonic events in this region, such as extension along the North Atlantic Ridge, trench retreat in the Mediterranean, and counterclockwise rotation of the Anatolian Plate. Beneath northeastern Europe, the direction of the fast anisotropic axis follows trends of ancient rift systems older than 350 million years, suggesting “frozen-in” anisotropy related to the formation of the craton. Local anisotropic strength profiles identify the brittle-ductile transitions in lithospheric strength. In continental regions, these profiles also identify the lower crust, characterized by ductile flow. The observed anisotropic fabric is generally consistent with the current surface strain rate measured by geodetic surveys.
Participation of women in human biology, 1975-2001.

This study examines trends in women's participation in human biology as indicated by women's membership in the Human Biology Council/Association, first authorship of articles in the Human Biology Council/Association journal, and the extent to which women have been the subjects of research published in the organization's journal. Gender of members was determined from seven membership lists published in the organization's journal from 1977 to 1998, and the gender of the first authors was determined for 1,616 articles published in Human Biology or the American Journal of Human Biology from 1975 to 2001. Each journal article was also coded as to the first author's country and whether the subjects of the research were only females, only males, or both males and females. From the late 1970s to the late 1990s, the percent of women members of the Human Biology Council/Association increased from under 25% to over 40%. Women were the first authors of fewer than 20% of articles in the organization's journal in the late 1970s; by the late 1990s over 30% of articles had a female first author. The clearest increase in female authorship through time is seen for articles with a first author from the U.S. Even when women were not well represented as human biologists, a substantial proportion of human biology research published in the organization's journal dealt with females, and over the last 15 years there have been more research articles having only females as research subjects than articles having only males as research subjects. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:440–445, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Associated with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Introduction Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare vasculopathy of unknown etiology. Ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage are well-documented sequelae, but subarachnoid hemorrhage is an uncommon complication of RCVS.
Pulmonary surfactant in allergic inflammation: new insights into the molecular mechanisms of surfactant function.

the effect of the inflammatory process in the lungs in bringing about dysfunction of intrinsic surfactant has been recognized for years. A variety of factors have been implicated, including the increased presence of a variety of proteins such as those in edema fluid, damage to the surfactant
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Based Assessment of Local Failure Patterns in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Definitive Radiotherapy

Purpose To assess the pattern of local failure using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scans after radiotherapy (RT) in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with definitive RT whose gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were defined with the aid of pre-RT PET data. Method and Materials The data from 26 patients treated with involved-field RT who had local failure and a post-RT PET scan were analyzed. The patterns of failure were visually scored and defined as follows: (1) within the GTV/planning target volume (PTV); (2) within the GTV, PTV, and outward; (3) within the PTV and outward; and (4) outside the PTV. Local failure was also evaluated as originating from nodal areas vs. the primary tumor. Results We analyzed 34 lesions. All 26 patients had recurrence originating from their primary tumor. Of the 34 lesions, 8 (24%) were in nodal areas, 5 of which (63%) were marginal or geographic misses compared with only 1 (4%) of the 26 primary recurrences ( p = 0.001). Of the eight primary tumors that had received a dose of p Conclusion At lower doses, the pattern of recurrences was mostly within the GTV, suggesting that the dose might have been a factor for tumor control. At greater doses, the treatment failures were mostly at the margin of the GTV. This suggests that visual incorporation of PET data for GTV delineation might be inadequate, and more sophisticated approaches of PET registration should be evaluated.
X-ray calibration of RAR 2490 film for application to laser plasma experiments.

An x-ray sensitometric calibration of Kodak RAR 2490 film has been performed over the 0.28–8.04-keV range of photon energies. The characteristic curves (optical density D vs exposure H) are fit well over the entire range by a two-parameter, analytic function, log10(10D − 1) = A log10H + B. Solarization is found to occur at an exposure of 2 × 103 photons/(μm)2 for 1.49-keV photons. Comparison with other films is made.
The importance of power engineering to the British economy

The value of the output from-Britain's power-engineering companies amounted to £2000 million in 1980. In this article, the head of Britain's foremost electrical/electronics engineering group analyses the importance of this sector to Britain, and its future prospects in a changing world
Persistence of Chirality for a Weakly Bound Adsorbate: (R,R)- and (S,S)-Tartaric Acid/Ag(111)

The interaction of tartaric acid (C4H6O6), including both (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers, with Ag(111) has been studied using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and low-temperature scanning tunnel...
EFFECTS OF PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS ON EGG ACTIVATION AND FERTILIZATION-DEPENDENT PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE ACTIVITY

Abstract Fertilization results in the activation of protein tyrosine kinases within minutes of sperm-egg binding, although the role of the kinase(s) involved is not clear. In the present study, we have treated sea urchin eggs with genistein, as well as other protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and have characterized the subsequent effect on fertilization and egg activation. Genistein treatment of sea urchin eggs inhibits the overall fertilization-dependent tyrosine kinase activity as well as the specific phosphorylation of a 350-kDa protein, but it did not inhibit cAMP-dependent kinase and had little effect on protein kinase C at concentrations less than 100 μM. Genistein, erbstatin, and tyrphostin B42 did not inhibit the early events of fertilization such as elevation of the fertilization envelope; however, later events such as pronuclear migration, DNA synthesis, and cell division were inhibited. These results suggest that protein tyrosine kinases activated following fertilization play a role in the later events of egg activation such as the initiation of pronuclear movement and entry into the S phase of the cell cycle.
"What are they talking about? Is something wrong?" Information sharing during the second stage of labor.

Twenty postpartal women were shown videotapes of their second stage labors and simultaneously interviewed. During separate interviews, their 25 caregivers were also shown the videotapes and interviewed. The interviews were analyzed for major themes, one of which was sharing information during labor. Although women and caregivers appeared to agree about what information laboring women require and how it should be given, caregiver perceptions of the quality of their information giving were more positive than mothers' perceptions. Many women wanted more informational support, especially in alleviating unvoiced fears about their baby's health. (BIRTH 20:3, September 1993)
Zinc accumulation characteristics of some leafy vegetables

Abstract Twelve leafy vegetables were grown on field plots treated with 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 pounds Zn per acre incorporated into the 0‐ to 10‐inch soil depth. At harvest maturity the edible parts of the plants were sampled and analyzed for Zn. Of the 12 crops grown, only Swiss chard and spinach showed any tendency to be Zn accumulators. Even these crops would tolerate extremely high levels of available soil Zn before accumulating what might be considered hazardous Zn concentrations. Swiss chard and spinach were the only crops which showed visible growth depression when grown on plots treated with 800 lbs. Zn per acre.
The Psychophysical Function: Harmonizing Fechner and Stevens

The methods of Fechner and Stevens for assessing sensation quantity usually yield different psychophysical functions even when all other factors are controlled. In this experiment, corresponding differences occurred when different features of the same sensory receptor signals were analyzed. In the visual system, the receptor potential saturated if the peak but not the area was measured; these results match visual psychophysical functions obtained with the methods of Fechner and Stevens, respectively. This result suggests that both methods are equally valid but that each method yields the particular psychophysical function appropriate for a particular kind of information processing. A novel factor in determining sensation quantity, namely the time used by the observer to make a judgment, is implicated by the data.
The business cycle effects of Christmas

Abstract Why do countries and industries with large seasonal fluctuations also have large business cycles? It is well known that seasonal fluctuations account for the bulk of total output fluctuations, yet it is unknown whether seasonal fluctuations can trigger business cycles. Using a procedure that allows for identification of seasonal innovations, I found that seasonal shocks explain 50% of the business cycle in aggregate output. Such findings provide a novel and powerful explanation for the observed strong correlation between seasonal fluctuations and business cycles. The implication is that in addition to trying to determine whether it is monetary, technology, or other types of shocks that cause business cycles, we should be looking at what causes seasonality.
Childhood sexual abuse in men who have sex with men: the current state of the science

The experience of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among men, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM), is poorly understood. Consequently, the long-term psychological and behavioral consequences of this phenomenon are unclear. This article provides a critique and synthesis of the existing literature on childhood sexual abuse in MSM. After an examination of prevalence estimates reported in the literature, the mental health and substance abuse behaviors in MSM that were the victims of CSA will be examined. In addition, the relationship between CSA and sexual identity development and HIV risk behaviors is critically evaluated. Finally, implications for nursing practice are explored.
Parameterizations of Markov models for two-stage learning☆

Abstract Alternative parameterizations of Greeno's representation of two-stage learning are developed for general and restricted cases. Boundaries of the parameter space are exhibited in both cases.
What is a Belief State

What we believe depends on more than the purely intrinsic facts about us: facts about our environment or context also help determine the contents of our beliefs. 1 This observation has led several writers to hope that beliefs can be divided, as it were, into two components: a "core" that depends only on the individual’s intrinsic properties; and a periphery that depends on the individual’s context, including his or her history, environment, and linguistic community. Thus Jaegwon Kim suggests that "within each noninternal psychological state that enters into the explanation of some action or behavior we can locate an ‘internal core state’ which can assume the causal-explanatory role of the noninternal state." 2 In the same vein, Stephen Stich writes that "nonautonomous" states, like belief, are best viewed as "conceptually complex hybrids" made up of an autonomous component together with historical and contextual features. 3 John Perry, whose term I have adopted, distinguishes between belief states, which are determined by an individual’s intrinsic properties, and objects of belief, which are not. 4
Sperm stratification and paternity success in red flour beetles

When females are inseminated by multiple males, male paternity success (sperm precedence) is determined by the underlying processes of sperm storage and sperm utilization. Although informative for many questions, two-male sperm competition experiments may offer limited insight into natural mating scenarios when females are likely to mate with several males. In this study, genetic markers in Tribolium castaneum are used to trace paternity for multiple sires, and to determine whether displacement of stored sperm that occurs after a third mating equally affects both previous mates, or if fertilizations are disproportionately lost by the female's most recent mate. For 20 days after triple-matings, first males retain significantly higher paternity success (relative to first male paternity in double-matings) compared with second males. These results demonstrate that when females remate before sperm mixing occurs, sperm stratification results in differential loss of sperm from the most recent mate. This study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying sperm precedence in a promiscuous mating system, and suggests that T. castaneum females could limit paternity success of particular mates by remating with more highly preferred males.
A DNA REPAIR ABNORMALITY SPECIFIC FOR REARRANGED IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE GENES IN GERMINAL CENTER B CELLS

The somatic hypermutation mechanism produces high-rate mutagenesis specifically targeted to rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) gene segments during the germinal center (GC) stage of B lymphocyte differentiation. The mechanism of this process remains uncertain, partly due to the lack of a direct assay for hypermutation activity. In this study, a gene-specific DNA repair assay was used to compare the rate and quality of DNA repair in the mantle zone (MZ) and GC B cells at rearranged and unrearranged Ig V genes. GC B cells were distinguished from MZ B cells by a retarded repair rate specific for rearranged Ig V genes. In addition, a unique feature of GC cells after DNA repair was the appearance of predominant mutations in rearranged Ig VH5 gene PCR products. These predominant mutations also occurred in natural mutants of VH5 genes. However, repair-associated mutations reflected, at least in part, "template-jumping" during amplification of the residually damaged genomic template. Overall, these findings reflect a repair abnormality associated with the hypermutation process by the criteria of sequence- and B cell stage-specificity. We conclude that locus-specific retardation of DNA repair is a component of the hypermutation mechanism. RFLP or SSCP analysis provides a simple assay to monitor this repair abnormality as a surrogate biochemical marker for hypermutation during B cell differentiation.
Biohydrogen from complex carbohydrate wastes as feedstocks—Cellulose degraders from a unique series enrichment

Fermentative biohydrogen production is a particularly promising approach offering high hydrogen yields and fast rates. Its drawback is that it uses mono- and disaccharides for substrates and these are relatively expensive. However, more complex carbohydrates may be converted to the feedstocks for fermentative biohydrogen production using approaches derived from select organisms. Early data from a consortium with cellulolytic activity recovered from aerobic thermophilic swine waste product and sequentially selected with batch operation on distiller's dry grain (a product of dry grind ethanol manufacture) has been used as a source of inoculum. Mesophilic and thermophilic cellulose-degrading organisms have been isolated from this inoculum and are reported here. Work continues on further characterization of these organisms and their potential. This work will be considered in light of an organizational scheme of processes using aerobic or anaerobic as well as mesophilic or thermophilic organisms. Some literature examples will be discussed. It is possible that these organisms could be used in a saccharification/fermentation process using separate reactors or a single reactor with coimmobilized cells providing both aerobic saccharification and anaerobic hydrogen fermentation.
Phenomenological theory of the increase in the superconducting transition temperature in thin film layered sandwiches

Abstract A phenomenological theory is presented to account for the observed increase in the critical temperature, as a function of the number of layers, of multilayer sandwiches composed of alternating superconducting and insulating layers. The transition temperature of the layered compound NbSe 2 when cleaved down to a small number of layers and the pressure dependence of the transition temperature of bulk NbSe 2 can also be fitted into this scheme.
A CASE OF PSEUDOPARASITISM BY DIPTEROUS LARVÆ

Recently a medical friend, Dr. A.E, Ayler, called my attention to some “worms” which he had found under pecuilar conditions. A patient, an elderly lady of one of the best families, was suffering from a malignant tumor—a melanotic sarcoma—located in the small of the back. The tumor was about the size of a large walnut. On examination the doctor was surprised to find, close to the stalk and between the tumor and the body, some ten or tweleve “worms” which were feeding upon the diseased tissues.
Differential Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activity and Membrane Properties by Acutely Applied Estradiol: Dependence on Dose and Estrogen Receptor Subtype

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are critical to controlling fertility. In vivo, estradiol can inhibit or stimulate GnRH release depending on concentration and physiological state. We examined rapid, nongenomic effects of estradiol. Whole-cell recordings were made of GnRH neurons in brain slices from ovariectomized mice with ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptors blocked. Estradiol was bath applied and measurements completed within 15 min. Estradiol from high physiological (preovulatory) concentrations (100 pm) to 100 nm enhanced action potential firing, reduced afterhyperpolarizing potential (AHP) and increased slow afterdepolarization amplitudes (ADP), and reduced I(AHP) and enhanced I(ADP). The reduction of I(AHP) was occluded by previous blockade of calcium-activated potassium channels. These effects were mimicked by an estrogen receptor (ER) beta-specific agonist and were blocked by the classical receptor antagonist ICI182780. ERalpha or GPR30 agonists had no effect. The acute stimulatory effect of high physiological estradiol on firing rate was dependent on signaling via protein kinase A. In contrast, low physiological levels of estradiol (10 pm) did not affect intrinsic properties. Without blockade of ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptors, however, 10 pm estradiol reduced firing of GnRH neurons; this was mimicked by an ERalpha agonist. ERalpha agonists reduced the frequency of GABA transmission to GnRH neurons; GABA can excite to these cells. In contrast, ERbeta agonists increased GABA transmission and postsynaptic response. These data suggest rapid intrinsic and network modulation of GnRH neurons by estradiol is dependent on both dose and receptor subtype. In cooperation with genomic actions, nongenomic effects may play a role in feedback regulation of GnRH secretion.
Adaptive estimation of aircraft flight parameters for engine health monitoring system

An adaptive control approach to the implementation of on-line estimation of aircraft flight parameters for the engine health monitoring system is presented. The adaptive estimation system enables a fast reliable data prediction to replicate the missing or misleading data caused by malfunctions in the sensors or communication links, thereby compensating for the deficiency of data that can trigger fault diagnoses of engine health. The estimation method features the integration of an autoregression model and a self-tuning adaptation algorithm for one-step-ahead estimation, in which the manufacturer's baseline values are used as an input in conjunction with an adaptive input adjusted to minimize the estimate error deviated from the snapshot data taken from satellites. The entire system is implemented through the parameter identification and optimization in an attempt to minimize the estimate error. Stability of this adaptive estimation system is investigated, and discrete-time simulations of in-flight parameter estimation will also be presented to show the effectiveness of the present approach
A time-split finite element scheme for the PC

A time-split finite element scheme is developed based on one-dimensional, linear basis functions. The transient form of the transport equation is discretized and a recursion equation obtained through assemblage over two adjacent elements. The resulting one-dimensional scheme can be readily applied to multi-dimensional problems, requiring only the solution of a simple tri-diagonal banded matrix (in each direction). Computer program listings are included for solving two-dimensional advection and displaying a surface plot of a rotating cosine hill distribution on a PC.
Analytical expression for the non-isothermal effectiveness factor: the nth-order reaction in a slab geometry

Abstract The problem of calculating the effectiveness factor for a porous slab of catalyst pellet under non-isothermal conditions has been revisited. An exact formal analytical solution was obtained for a n th-order (integer n ⩾ 0 ), exothermic and irreversible chemical reaction. Numerical calculations where performed, and an analytical formula was obtained for the very fast reaction limit. In addition, a fairly simple formula, which was called the low beta approximation, was developed and tested to be valid for low values of the thermicity group β ⩽ 0.1 .
Furrow and Flood Irrigation of Early-Planted, Early-Maturing Soybean Rotated with Rice

The ESPS (Early Soybean Production System) is being adopted in the midsouthern USA to avoid some of the effects of normal late-season drought. Field studies with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown following rice (Oryza sativa L.) were conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1996 at Stoneville, MS, on Sharkey clay (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert) to compare yield of Maturity Group (MG) IV and V cultivars grown under furrow vs. flood irrigation, and yield and economic performance of nonirrigated (NI) and furrow- and flood-irrigated MG IV and V cultivars. Three-year average yields from irrigated MG IV and V cultivars were significantly greater than average NI yield. Within each year, yields from MG V cultivars equaled or exceeded those from MG IV cultivars in all environments. Furrow-irrigated MG IV cultivars yielded significantly more than NI cultivars in all 3 yr, while flood-irrigated MG IV cultivars yielded more than NI cultivars in 2 of the 3 yr. Both furrow- and flood-irrigated MG V cultivars yielded significantly more than NI cultivars in 2 of the 3 yr. Three-year average net returns from furrow- and flood-irrigated environments were similar, and both were greater than those from the NI. Within each year, average net return from MG V cultivars in all environments was equal to or greater than that from MG IV cultivars. These results indicate that the ESPS can be used to effectively grow soybean in a rice-soybean rotation on clay soil, and that irrigation will usually result in greater profit from soybean.
A STRATEGY FOR GERONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH ANDTRAINING IN RURAL SETTINGS

Abstract This paper describes a model project that takes advantage of the unique characteristics of the rural environment both to gather basic research data and to further the gerontological training of students. Older individuals living in small rural communities are seldom used as subjects for basic research, primarily because of difficulties in reaching and recruiting such subjects. When these older adults are research subjects, they generally respond to surveys or are tested by a person who is not an actual part of the rural community. The proposed model remedies this situation. In universities serving rural populations, many students return to small communities over the summer months. At Fort Hays State University, such students are trained to conduct basic research in their home towns at such times. Examples of the types of projects successfully completed thus far, as well as constraints on the implementation of such a model, are discussed.
Kähler parabolicity and the Euler number of compact manifolds of non-positive sectional curvature

Let \(M^{2n} \) be a compact Riemannian manifold of non-positive sectional curvature. It is shown that if \(M^{2n}\) is homeomorphic to a Kahler manifold, then its Euler number satisfies the inequality \( (-1)^n \chi(M^{2n})\geq 0\).
Realizability of communication nets: An application of the Zadeh criterion

The concepts of pseudo-Boolean matrix multiplication and pseudo-Boolean matrix adjoint are reviewed. For a given symmetric matrix T to be realizable as the terminal capacity matrix of an unoriented communication net, it is necessary and sufficient for T to be idempotent with respect to multiplication. Another equivalent condition is for T to be self-adjoint.
Multiphase Non-Darcy Flow in Gas-Condensate Reservoirs

The understanding of multiphase non-Darcy flow is important to the modeling of production from gas-condensate reservoirs. A pore-scale network model is presented here for gas-condensate flow. Porous media are modeled by networks of pore bodies interconnected by pore throats. Pore bodies and throats are characterized by their connectivity, shape, and radii distributions. Pore-level laws are identified from previously published micromodel and multiphase pipe flow experiments. The condensate can flow due to three mechanisms: pressure gradient within the sample-spanning condensate phase, movement of condensate slugs, and condensate droplets carried by the gas flow. The second mechanism appears at high capillary numbers and the third mechanism at high Reynolds numbers. Inertial terms are important for high rate gas flows. This model has been used to identify several flow regimes important to gas-condensate flow. The effect of pore structure is calculated on gas and condensate relative permeabilities in the low capillary number regime. The relative permeabilities and non-Darcy coefficients have been computed for the low condensate saturation-high pressure gradient flow regime.
Dielectronic-recombination cross sections of hydrogenlike argon.

Relative dielectronic-recombination cross sections for hydrogenlike argon are presented. The contributions of the KLL, KLM, KLN, KLO, and KLP groups of resonances are compared to theoretical calculations. The experimental method consists of the formation and interaction of ions with electrons in an ion trap followed by an analysis of the extracted ions to determine relative yields. Comparison with theory shows that the total cross sections agree within \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6%.
An overlapping propagating spreading center at 87°30′W on the Galapagos Spreading Center

Abstract In September of 1987 we completed a SeaMARC II (SMII) survey of the propagating spreading center located at 87°30′W on the Galapagos Spreading Center (GSC). The spreading rate in the area is intermediate with a full rate of approximately 70 mm/yr and the spreading axis is marked by an axial high. Analysis of bathymetry, sidescan sonar and surface magnetic data indicates 90–100 mm/yr eastward propagation of the 26 km offset. The morphology of the feature is that of an overlapping spreading center pair (OSC). It fits a kinematic model of overlapping ridges with cyclic failure of the dying rift. There are marked differences in the morphology and kinematics of this propagator compared to the propagator at 95°30′W where the spreading rate and offset are comparable. The 87°30′W propagator is marked by an axial high and greater than 40 km of overlap in contrast to the axial rift valley and small amount of overlap associated with the 95°30′W propagator. Near-field stresses associated with variable axial topography contribute to decrease crack propagation forces at the 95°30′W propagator and increase those at the 87°30′W propagator. Differences in crack propagation forces and morphology may be due to a fundamental difference in the amount of available magma. This difference is evident in dominance of volcanism near 87°30′W as opposed to the dominance of tectonism near 95°30′W.
Identification of a novel PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ)-like protein interacting with the C terminus of presenilin-1.

Presenilin-1 (PS-1) is the most causative Alzheimer gene product, and its function is not well understood. In an attempt to elucidate the function of PS-1, we screened a human brain cDNA library for PS-1-interacting proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system and isolated a novel protein containing a PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ)-like domain. This novel PS-1-associated protein (PSAP) shares a significant similarity with a Caenorhabditis elegans protein of unknown function. Northern blot analysis revealed that PSAP is predominantly expressed in the brain. Deletion of the first four C-terminal amino acid residues of PS-1, which contain the PDZ domain-binding motif (Gln-Phe-Tyr-Ile), reduced the binding activity of PS-1 toward PSAP 4-fold. These data suggest that PS-1 may associate with a PDZ-like domain-containing protein in vivoand thus may participate in receptor or channel clustering and intracellular signaling events in the brain.
Effects of buffered memory requests in multiprocessor systems

A simulation model is developed and used to study the effect of buffering of memory requests on the performance of multiprocessor systems.A multiprocessor system is generalized as a parallel-pipelined processor of order (s,p), which consists of p parallel processors each of which is a pipelined processor with s degrees of multiprogramming, there can be up to s*p memory requests in each instruction cycle. The memory, which consists of N(=2n) identical memory modules, is organized such that there are l(=2i) lines and m(=2n-i) identical memory modules, where each module is characterized by the address cycle (address hold time) and memory cycle of a and c time units respectively.Too large an l is undesirable in a multiprocessor system because of the cost of the processor-memory interconnection network. Hence, we will show how effective buffering can be used to reduce the system cost while effectively maintaining a high level of performance.
TIMING OF CALCIUM TREATMENT ON RESISTANCE OF RAW AND CANNED DICED TOMATOES TO MECHANICAL ABUSE

Tomato dices are typically treated with calcium (Ca) to increase firmness and resistance to mechanical abuse. However, studies have not examined when the application of Ca would provide the greatest protection and result in the greatest firmness. Tomato (cv. P696) dices were dipped in a 600 mg/L calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) solution either before or after undergoing mechanical abuse for 0-240 s in a rotary drum. The drained weight and firmness, which were measured using a Kramer shear cell (Instron Corp., Canton, MA), did not depend on whether Ca was added before or after the mechanical abuse. However, sensory evaluation showed that the panelists preferred the diced tomatoes that were dipped in Ca before undergoing mechanical abuse. These tomato dices appeared to have a larger percentage of undamaged dices, while those that were mechanically abused before dipping in Ca appeared ragged and mushy because of a collapsed structure. Therefore, although there was no significant difference in the drained weight or texture obtained by instrumental measurement, dices that are dipped in Ca before undergoing mechanical abuse appear less damaged to consumers.
Developmental Pathways into Social and Sexual Deviance

Path analysis was used to assess the contribution of four exogenous developmental variables (sexual abuse, physical abuse, exposure to violence, exposure to pornography—each occurring prior to age 13) and four personality constructs (“psychopathic and antagonistic attitudes,” “psychosocial deficits,” “pedophilia,” “hostile masculinity”) to the prediction of non-sexual delinquency and number of male child victims in a sample of 256 adolescent males with a history of “hands-on” sexual offending. “Psychosocial deficits” was found to partially mediate the effects of the exogenous variables on both outcomes. Exposure to violence both directly, and indirectly through “psychopathic and antagonistic attitudes,” contributed to the prediction of non-sexual delinquency. Sexual abuse by a male directly, and indirectly through “hostile masculinity” and “pedophila”, contributed to prediction of number of male child victims. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Modeling and Credibility of Random Ensembles

Many simulation applications require the generation of a set of sample functions to characterize the physical system being modeled. Probability modeling using minimal data bases are reviewed and model credibility issues examined. Modeling methods include the Box-Jenkins time series, the fixed- memory and the α-β filters, the generalized expand ing memory filter, the Kalman filter, the Bayes filter, and the square-root filter. Such methods are particularly suitable in situations involving limited data, for instance, where the physical sys tem observations may be limited by cost or by the physical experiment. Theil's Inequality Coefficient (TIC) is presented as a basis for model validation in specific applications. An example illustrates the special utility of TIC for simulation model validation.
Differentiation of serous and mucous components of salivary glands by alcian blue and a counterstain.

(1962). Differentiation of Serous and Mucous Components of Salivary Glands by Alcian Blue and a Counterstain. Stain Technology: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 125-127.
Design and initial characterization of a glow discharge atomic emission instrument for macro-scale elemental composition mapping of solid surfaces

An instrument intended for rapid, accurate, precise, macro-scale (i.e. up to many tens of square centimeters) elemental composition mapping of solid surfaces has been designed and constructed. The spatial resolution provided by the instrument, on the order of 1 mm at best, is coarse by today's standards but is appropriate for selected analytical problems. The instrument is based on a novel glow discharge atomic emission device capable of sustaining multiple discharges simultaneously. Each discharge exhibits atomic emission characteristic of the sample surface beneath it. Using Hadamard transform spatial imaging, the emissions are selectively multiplexed, and the individual emission intensities are recovered from the multiplexed data through matrix multiplication. In this publication, the instrument is described, and its performance for elemental composition mapping is demonstrated. The data indicate that internal standardization should be employed to reduce the likelihood of mapping errors.
The earliest known Palaeocene mammal fauna and its implications for the Cretaceous–Tertiary transition

Several localities in northeastern Montana, USA, representing the earliest known Palaeocene mammal sites in the world, document a gradual turnover in the mammalian fauna at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. These localities, in combination with previously known latest Cretaceous localities, represent the only well documented terrestrial sequence across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. This sequence argues for gradual terrestrial extinctions and faunal changes at this boundary.
Rapid Method for Measuring Rotenone in Water at Piscicidal Concentrations

Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure that is rapid, specific, and sensitive (limit of detection <0.005 mg/liter) was developed for monitoring application and degradation rates of rotenone. For analysis, a water sample is buffered to pH 5 and injected through a Sep Pak(R) C18 disposable cartridge. The cartridge adsorbs and retains the rotenone which then can be eluted quantitatively from the cartridge with a small volume of methanol. This step effectively concentrates the sample and provides sample cleanup. The methanol extract is analyzed directly by HPLC on an MCH 10 reverse-phase column; methanol: Water (75:25, volume : Volume) is the mobile phase and flow rate is 1.5 ml/minute. The rotenone is detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 295 nm. Received November 29, 1982 Accepted May 24, 1983
Relationship of central pressure of hurricane Esther (1961) and the sea surface temperature field

In this report variations of central pressure of hurricane Esther are related to the sea surface temperature patterns along its track. There appears to exist a distinct relationship between central pressure variations, wall cloud intensity, and hurricane intensity to the temperature of the water over which it passes. The storm's central pressure appears to deepen over warm water and fill over cooler water. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1962.tb01353.x