cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Did Neandertals have large brains? Factors affecting endocranial volume comparisons.

OBJECTIVES Common wisdom in paleoanthropology is that Neandertals had bigger brains than recent humans. Here we tested the hypothesis that there is no difference in brain size between Neandertals and recent humans while accounting for methodological variation and the makeup of both the Neandertal and recent human samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined endocranial volume (ECV) derived from virtually reconstructed endocasts of 11 Neandertals, six of which had associated femoral head diameters (FHD). Our recent human comparative dataset consisted of virtually measured ECV and associated FHD from 94 recent humans from the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection (63 male, 31 female). ECV of Neandertals and recent humans was compared using bootstrap resampling, repeating the analysis for two groupings of Neandertals (all and classic) and for three groupings of recent humans (all, males, and females). To examine brain size scaling, we completed an ordinary least squares regression of log (ECV) against log (FHD) for Neandertals and recent humans. RESULTS The results of the bootstrap resampling analyses indicated that Neandertals only had significantly larger ECV when compared with recent human females. The regression between ECV and FHD suggested that Neandertals fall within the range of variation for larger humans. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate that Neandertals do not have uniquely large brains when compared with recent humans. Their brain size falls in the large end of the recent human range of variation, but does not exceed it. These results have implications for future research on Neandertal encephalization.
Facile synthesis of superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles at therapeutic temperature range for magnetic hyperthermia therapy

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been synthesized using simple and ecofriendly hydrothermal method at supercritical conditions of ethanol. The morphology and crystal structure reveal cubic-like shape with an average size of 63 ± 30 nm and formation of FCC Fe3O4 phase structure. The magnetic properties exhibit superparamagnetic-like behavior at room temperature with saturation magnetization (Ms) of 108 emu/g and coercivity (HC) close to 0 Oe. The temperature dependence on magnetization measurements has confirmed the superparamagnetic behavior with blocking temperature TB of 320 K at the therapeutic temperature range of hyperthermia therapy at 42–47 °C. Feasibility for magnetic hyperthermia has been tested under applied AC magnetic field and frequency ranges from 100 to 500 Oe and 147 to 304 kHz, respectively. The findings confirm that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are feasible for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of cancer.
Design considerations for a remote randomized multi-site clinical trial evaluating an e-health self-management program for chronic pain patients receiving opioid therapy.

Abstract Based on the adverse consequences and inadequate evidence of effectiveness for long-term opioid therapy (LOT), the CDC developed recommendations to decrease the use of LOT and morphine equivalent dose (MED) for patients receiving LOT. However, the majority of these patients report that opioid medication is significantly beneficial for pain management and are hesitant to reduce/decrease its use. Compounding the problem is poor access to non-pharmacologic therapies for many patients due to insurance reimbursement structures and limited pain-service availability. EMPOWER is an intent-to-treat, two-arm, open-label, randomized controlled trial evaluating a web-based self-management chronic pain program (E-Health) that has been found to reduce self-reported MED, while also decreasing pain, in two randomized controlled trials. Approximately 400 chronic pain patients receiving LOT at a daily average prescribed MED ≥ 20 mg at one of two U.S. healthcare systems, located in North Carolina and Ohio, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus E-Health (E-Health+). TAU consists of LOT from a prescribing clinician. E-Health+ participants are provided with a 4-month E-Health subscription (active treatment phase). All participants will complete web-based self-report measures at baseline, the end of the active treatment phase, and 6-months post-active treatment. Opioid prescription information will be collected from the participants' electronic health record (EHR) from baseline through 6 months post-active treatment. This paper describes design considerations for this unique trial which is conducted completely remotely, with no in-person visits, and utilizes the EHR for participant identification and primary outcome collection.
Outcomes of patients with thrombocytopenia evaluated at hematology subspecialty clinics

Abstract Background Thrombocytopenia is a frequently encountered laboratory abnormality and a common reason for hematology referrals. Workup for thrombocytopenia is not standardized and frequently does not follow an evidence-based algorithm. We conducted a systematic analysis to evaluate the laboratory testing and outcomes of patients evaluated for thrombocytopenia at hematology clinics in a tertiary referral center between 2013 and 2016. Patient and methods We performed a comprehensive chart review for patients evaluated for thrombocytopenia during the study period. Patients were followed for 1 year from the initial hematology evaluation and assessed for the development of a hematologic malignancy, rheumatologic, or infectious diseases among other clinical outcomes. Results We evaluated 472 patients with a median (range) age of 61 (17–94) years. The majority (63.8%) had mild thrombocytopenia. Within 1 year of follow-up, 14 patients (3.0%) were diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy. A higher likelihood of developing a hematologic malignancy was noted in patients with concurrent leukopenia (hazard ratio [HR] 9.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.28–30.32, p Conclusion Our findings provide basis and call for development of an evidence-based algorithmic approach for evaluation of patients with thrombocytopenia, testing, and referrals. It also supports a conservative approach mainly driven by physical exam signs, symptoms, and other laboratory findings for patients with isolated mild thrombocytopenia.
Foster Youth Perspectives: How Foster Youth Navigate and Mobilize Their Rights within the Foster Care System

This paper explores the grounded realities of how foster youth attempt to improve their own lives by navigating the foster care system. From 2014 to 2016 in southern California, I conducted life hi...
Sans finir la catastrophe : Demeurer dans Le Rivage des Syrtes

Le Rivage des Syrtes, a 1952 novel by Julien Gracq, narrates the trajectory of Orsenna, a fictional Western empire, toward its obliteration. This article analyzes the decadence that gives birth to ...
Physician’s Perspectives on Addressing Patients’ Spiritual Needs

An integral element of well-being for patients experiencing illness is their spirituality. Furthermore, large majorities of patients experiencing serious illnesses have spiritual needs. Due to the critical role of spirituality in illness, spiritual care (SC)—recognition of patient spirituality and addressing spiritual needs within care—has been integrated into national and international quality guidelines. When spiritual care is present, patients experience better quality of life, greater transitions to hospice care, and higher satisfaction with medical care. However, SC provision to patients and families remains limited, particularly from physicians. Prior studies suggest that only roughly one-quarter of seriously ill patients receive SC from their medical providers, highlighting a gap between guidelines and current practice. Chief among a variety of barriers to SC from physicians is the fact that only 12–20% of providers have received SC training.
Searching for Large-Order Multiple Recursive Generators

Pseudo-random numbers (PRNs) are the basis for almost any statistical simulation and this depends largely on the quality of the pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used. In this study, we used some results from number theory to propose an efficient method to accelerate the computer search of super-order maximum-period multiple recursive generators (MRGs). We conduct efficient computer searches and identify many efficient and portable MRGs of super-orders, 40751, 50551, and 50873; which respectively have equi-distribution property up to 40751, 50551, and 50873 dimensions, and period lengths of approximately 10380278.1, 10471730.6, and 10474729.3. Using the generalized Mersenne prime algorithm, we extend some known results of some efficient, portable and maximum-period MRGs. In particular, the DX/DL/DS/DT large-order generators are extended to super-order generators. An extensive empirical evaluation shows that these generators behave well when tested with the stringent Small Crush and Crush batteries of the TestU01 package.
Primary Grades Teachers’ Instructional Decisions During Online Mathematics Professional Development Activities

This study examines primary grades teachers’ instructional decisions in their mathematics classroom during their participation in a year-long professional development program on formative assessment. Teachers participated in 40 h of face-to-face workshops followed by 40 h of classroom-embedded activities that were facilitated in an asynchronous online format. Inductive analysis of teachers’ online discussion forum posts and their frequency of using an internet-based formative assessment system indicated significant variance in teachers’ use of the formative assessment tool. Some teachers used the assessment system regularly and reported modifying instruction based on the data collected through formative assessment. However, some teachers demonstrated difficulty determining how the assessments aligned to specific mathematics standards, and how the assessment should inform their use of curriculum. Implications for future research include the need to triangulate data from instructional plans, surveys, and classroom observations, while implications for practice include the need to more explicitly support teachers’ instructional planning process using specific curricular resources.
The importance of vascular graft surface composition as demonstrated by a new gas discharge treatment for small diameter grafts

Biomaterial surface chemistry can have an important influence on biologic responses. Vascular graft chemistries may be modified in a number of ways. In this paper we report on a surface treatment using a gas discharge that deposits a thin coating onto the graft surface, significantly changing its surface chemistry, but without measurable change in porosity, compliance, or surface topography. Treatments with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) gas yield dramatic improvements in both thrombo and emboli resistance of the graft, based on in vitro and ex vivo tests.
Systematic chromatin state comparison of epigenomes associated with diverse properties including sex and tissue type

Epigenomic data sets provide critical information about the dynamic role of chromatin states in gene regulation, but a key question of how chromatin state segmentations vary under different conditions across the genome has remained unaddressed. Here we present ChromDiff, a group-wise chromatin state comparison method that generates an information-theoretic representation of epigenomes and corrects for external covariate factors to better isolate relevant chromatin state changes. By applying ChromDiff to the 127 epigenomes from the Roadmap Epigenomics and ENCODE projects, we provide novel group-wise comparative analyses across sex, tissue type, state and developmental age. Remarkably, we find that distinct sets of epigenomic features are maximally discriminative for different group-wise comparisons, in each case revealing distinct enriched pathways, many of which do not show gene expression differences. Our methodology should be broadly applicable for epigenomic comparisons and provides a powerful new tool for studying chromatin state differences at the genome scale.
Simple but hard mixed horn formulas

We study simple classes of mixed Horn formulas, in which the structure of the Horn part is drastically constrained. We show that the SAT problem for formulas in these classes remains NP-complete, and demonstrate experimentally that formulas randomly generated from these classes are hard for the present SAT solvers, both complete and local-search ones.
Market Share Quotas and Community Reinvestment

This notes explores some theoretical implications of the U.S. Department of Justice's policy requiring lenders to seek as much market share in protected neighborhoods as elsewhere. In the asymmetric Cournot case, the high-cost lender in the protected neighborhood responds in the expected way, but the low-cost lender's response depends on the curvature of the demand function. For concave demand, the low-cost lender's output decisions run counter to those of the high-cost lender, undermining the policy's effectiveness and inefficiently shifting production in the protected market from the low-cost provider to the high-cost provider.
A cross-cultural and developmental analysis of self-esteem in Chinese and Western children.

In this review, we examine the construct of self-esteem from a cross-cultural perspective in Chinese and Western children and adolescents. We also explore the role of childrearing practices in the development of self-esteem in these different cultures. In doing so, we first review the concepts of emic (i.e., variations in patterns of behavior within a given culture) and etic research (i.e., variations in common patterns of behavior or activities across cultures). Then, we invoke Berry's notions of “imposed-etic” and “derived-etic” approaches (J. Berry, 1989) in understanding crucial cross-cultural differences that are evident in the literature. We pose basic questions such as: (1) What does self-esteem “look” like in Chinese children? (2) How do childrearing practices in China influence the development of self-esteem in children? And, (3) what are the limitations of cross-cultural research in understanding a phenomenon such as self-esteem? We suggest that self-esteem does not “mean” the same things across these collectivist and individualistic cultures. We conclude our discourse with specific recommendations for clinical theory, research, and practice.
Nanoscale separations: Capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the determination of peptides and proteins

Abstract Nanoscale separation techniques, such as packed capillary liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis in which the column effluent flow-rates are in the nanoliter per minute range rather than microliter per minute range, have been successfully interfaced with continuous-flow fast atom bombardment and electrospray ionization. Applications of these techniques to the separation and determination of peptide mixtures, protein digests and protein mixtures are presented.
"Letters to God from the Wilderness" by Ronald Beasley

Review of Ronald Beasley, Letters to God from the Wilderness (Edinburgh: Shoving Leopard Productions, 2006)
Same Sex Marriage, Identity Processes, and the Kulturkampf: Why Federalism is Not the Main Event

Federalism is implicated in an important subset of arguments around issues of legal treatment of same sex marriage and other same sex unions. But federalism is not the main event. It fails to account for or address the goals of strategizing around the deep cultural conflict of which the struggle for marriage equality is a part. This essay labels "experimental federalism" one traditional justification for federalism as the laboratories of the states; and it labels "resource matching federalism" another traditional justification that seeks to find the best level of government to manage specific resources. The Kulturkampf over marriage, gender, sexuality and family is neither of these types of federalism. It is instead "beachhead federalism," in which deeply divided partisans seek to compel the entire polity to choose their approach from the outset, and a state-by-state patchwork is the contingent result of differential cultural and political forces, rather than of any rational, deliberate and stable choice of governmental level. To account for and strategize the current Kulturkampf, we must look elsewhere. The essay argues that the deep cultural division over marriage fundamentally is driven by disagreement over gender and sexual identity in individuals and gender and sexual identity as shared and replicated tradition. Gender and sexual identity depend on microperformances. Microperformances are either observed and contested in specific local places, or are visible and contested in an ageographic discursive space. These processes are at once very small scale and very large scale. But neither local place nor disembodied, media-dependent discursive space is fundamentally at the scale of state-by-state and state-local jurisdictional differentiation, which is at the center of standard discussions of federalism and localism. In sum, federalism raises tactical issues of considerable importance, but is not the main event, because the Kulturkampf is about microperformances of identity and their shared meaning.
Effect of Temperature and Spin‐Coating Cycles on Microstructure Evolution for Tb‐Substituted SrCeO3 Thin Membrane Films

Ceramic oxides with perovskite structures (A 2+ b ++ O 3 ) have been receiving considerable attention in the solid-state electrochemical systems, such as the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), gas sensors, and hydrogen (H 2 ) permeable membranes. The goal of this investigation is to process a terbium-doped strontium cerate (SrCe 0.95 Tb 0.05 O 3-8 ) (SCT) thin membrane films by spin-coating using ethylene glycol-based polymeric precursor. Continuous and dense SrCe 0.95 Tb 0.05 O 3-8 membrane thin films with neither pin-holes nor cracks are reported. The thicknesses of <he membrane films are within the range of ∼ 200 nm - 2 μm. For a single spin-coating cycle, the membrane film (200 nm thick) appears to be discontinues. However, the membrane films are dens for multiple spin-coating cycles. The polymeric precursor and the microstructure of the SrCe 0.95 Tb 0.05 O 3-8 membranes are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion-beam (FIB) microscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). This work reveals that good film quality with uniform texture and homogeneous structure can be produced via spin-coating technique as a function of spin-coating cycles and processing temperature. Also, surface morphology and grain size strongly depend on sintering temperature with even grain size distribution for each sintering temperature. The flexibility of the present process approach demonstrates the capability of precisely controlling the thickness of the ceramic membrane films within a sub-micron range.
Teaching the Spirit of Computational Science

The development of sophisticated visualization techniques, has led to increased interest in computational science. Students need direct experience with the relationship between computation, theory, and experimentation. Activities related to approximating the roots of a complex function are an excellent means of providing this experience.
Biochemical Markers of Acute Coronary Syndromes

The acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) are a continuum of myocardial ischemia ranging from angina, indicating reversible tissue damage, through frank myocardial infarction (MI) with extensive tissue necrosis. The mortality from acute MI in the USA alone is 500 000 deaths per year. New predictors of cardiovascular events, that are easily measurable, are needed to improve diagnostic strategies for treating ACS patients. Cardiac markers, proteins released from the injured myocardium into the circulation, are useful for the diagnosis of MI according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Troponins I and T have emerged as sensitive, more cardiac-specific clinical indicators for MI diagnosis and for risk stratification. A new generation of biochemical markers for indicating plaque rupture, platelet reactivity, and early MI offers promise for better assessment of patient risk so that clinicians may intervene to avoid adverse outcomes. Other biochemical markers, including the acute phase reactants and markers of thrombosis, may become useful for identifying a patient's location on the ACS spectrum and consequently the risk of adverse events. This article describes the spectrum of ACS current and future biomarkers that are closely linked to the progression of cardiac injury from ACS, and various applications of biochemical markers in assessment of reinfarction, reperfusion, perioperative MI, risk stratification, guiding therapeutic intervention, and infarct sizing. Finally, an assessment of the importance of rapid testing, different triage strategies for chest pain patients, and new trends to reduce the overall costs of patient hospitalization are discussed. The recommendations of the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry for use of cardiac markers are also presented.
Use of Pharmacological Data for Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Analyses

The use of pharmacological responses such as pupil diameter for dosage individualization, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic analyses is becoming more widespread. Attempts to use pupil diameter to assess morphine bioavailability illuminate the fact that multiple responses, nonlinearities, and the condition of the subject can produce misleading results unless the applicability of the method is confirmed.
No evidence of selection by predators on tadpole boldness

Animals typically exhibit adaptive behaviors that reduce their risk of predation. The term ‘boldness’ describes individual variation in the propensity to exhibit risk-reducing behavior and is the subject of much research attention. Predators should select against boldness, and this has been supported by empirical studies and behavioral ecology theory. We tested whether a standardized assay of three boldness-associated behaviors in wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles predicted survival when faced with a predator. Tadpole behavior was assayed in an open field and then tadpoles were placed, in pairs, in an enclosure with a predator (newt or larval dragonfly). Survival did not depend on differences in measured boldness, and this result held when we accounted for interactions between different boldness behaviors and between behavior and size or predator identity. The absence of selection by predators against bolder tadpoles is counterintuitive and inconsistent with our understanding of the behavioral ecology of these animals. Two possible explanations are offered for this result. First, selection against boldness may be minimized by other phenotypic traits, such as escape ability. Alternatively, the potential lack of consistency between standardized boldness assays and natural encounters with predators may limit our capacity to study the evolution of boldness, cautioning against this approach. These results highlight the complexities of the relationships between behavioral traits and fitness and the challenges associated with their study.
VLA Observations of NGC 253: Supernova Remnants and H II Regions at 1 Parsec Resolution

The edge-on starburst galaxy NGC 253 has been imaged with the VLA at wavelengths ranging from 1.3 to 20 cm, with resolutions between 1 and 15 pc. These images reveal a large number of compact radio sources embedded within the diffuse radio structure in the inner 200 pc of the galaxy. We have identified approximately 64 individual compact radio sources in the galaxy. Of the strongest 17 sources, for which the flux densities are high enough to measure spectral indices with moderately low errors, about half have flat spectra and half have steep spectra; this indicates that perhaps half of the individual radio sources are dominated by thermal radio emission from H II regions. Over an 8 yr timescale, few, if any, of the strongest sources have varied in flux density, with limits of 1%-2% yr-1 on the rate of decrease. At the highest resolution of 1 pc, a number of radio sources are beginning to be resolved, and at least 15 different sources can be identified within the innermost 20 pc of the galaxy. Individual radio sources have been explored in more detail. The strongest source, 5.79-39.0 (TH2), assumed to be at the nucleus of the galaxy, has a brightness temperature greater than 20,000 K at 22 GHz and greater than 40,000 K at 15 GHz. It is unresolved at the VLA and may be either an active galactic nucleus or a very compact (nonvariable) supernova remnant. A resolved flat-spectrum source, 5.72-40.1 (TH6), is located ~20 pc to the southwest. It has an apparent size of 2.4 × 1.2 pc and appears to be an H II region similar to the inner part of 30 Doradus, containing approximately 105 M☉ in stars, as well as ~600 M☉ of ionized gas. Source counts, the lack of variability, and the lack of new sources imply that the radio supernova rate is no more than 0.3 yr-1, consistent with estimates made in other wave bands.
Alterations in cell membrane structure and expression of a membrane‐associated protein after adaptation to osmotic stress

Cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38) adapted to NaCI exhibited significant morphological and physiological changes. Adapted cells remained smaller and more isodiametric at maturity than unadapted cells. The vacuole increased in size relative to the cytoplasm and an extensive network of transvacuolar membrane strands developed. These changes altered the surface contact area between the cytoplasm and the vacuole substantially. In addition, the network of Hechtian strands that anchor the cortical structure to the cell wall became more extensively branched possibly facilitating surface contact of the cytoplasm to the extracellular matrix. Many changes in membrane proteins could also be identified after NaCl adaptation. In particular, a 50-kDa protein that is associated with the plasma membrane and tonoplast was induced during adaptation. Immunocytochemical localization indicated that this 50-kDa protein is associated with Golgi vesicles. By immunoscreening using anti-50-kDa antibody, a 1.71-kb cDNA clone (p50C) was isolated from a λ-ZAP cDNA expression library. The sequence of p50C did not show any significant identity with other genes. Because of the very low abundance of the p50C message, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze p50C gene expression. Immunoblot and quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicated that the expression of this gene is regulated developmentally since the mRNA and protein increased with age in salt-adapted cells but decreased with age in unadapted cells. Also in tobacco plants, p50C mRNA was more abundant in younger leaves than in older leaves. The gene was responsive to NaCI in tobacco cells and to ABA in tobacco seedlings.
On the performance of ad hoc wireless LANs: a practical queuing theoretic model

In this paper, two Markov chain queuing models have been developed to obtain closed-form solutions for packet delay and packet throughput distributions in a real-time wireless communication environment using IEEE 802.11 DCF. An M/G/1/K queuing model is incorporated in both models. In the first model results are based on arbitrary contention conditions, namely, collision probabilities, transmission probabilities and contention window sizes vary arbitrarily among nodes contending for channel access. In the second model, however, the contention condition is limited by the assumption that collision probabilities remain constant among contending nodes. Results are presented for the fully-connected case. Two models are compared and validated via simulation with statistical analysis. The main contributions are the analysis of DCF and the foundation for the sensitivity analysis.
Assessing muscular fatigue with a portable tremor measurement system suitable for field use

The utility of a portable tremor measurement system for detecting muscle fatigue was evaluated. Static arm extension was used to induce fatigue. A probe containing two accelerometers, held in the extended hand, recorded horizontal and vertical tremor oscillations in the 1- to 18-Hz range. Several summary amplitude and frequency measures were then derived to analyze hand/arm tremor in the unfatigued and the fatigued states. Large increases from unfatigued to fatigued states were observed in all of the amplitude measures in both axes. Summary frequency measures were far less sensitive to fatigue. Correlations between consecutively measured observations revealed high levels of reliability (r τ .80) in all of the amplitude measures, but not in the frequency measures. The most robust index of fatigue was the total power in the entire 1- to 18-Hz spectrum. The other amplitude measures, however, are suitable for examining the effects of fatigue in isolated portions of the spectrum.
Abstract 3038: Delineating the role of Arid3B in normal and malignant differentiation of esophageal and cervical stratified squamous epithelia

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL ARID3B is DNA binding protein overexpressed in neuroblastoma and ovarian cancer. We have determined that ARID3B expression is also upregulated during squamous epithelial differentiation (cervix, skin, and esophagus). Therefore, we wanted to assess the role of ARID3B in development of squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus and cervix. In addition to examining the expression of ARID3B, we also wanted to determine the mechanism for ARID3B regulation in cancer and normal squamous cell epithelia. Recent evidence suggests that p63, specifically the ΔNp63α isoform, transcriptionally regulates Arid3B. p63 is a member of the p53 transcription factor family and is essential for the proliferative potential of stem cells in stratified squamous epithelia. p63 is also involved in various cancers including skin cancer and esophageal cancer. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, p63 is ubiquitously expressed and low levels are associated with a poor prognosis. We hypothesize that p63 regulates Arid3B in normal and malignant differentiation of stratified squamous epithelium. To evaluate ARID3B expression in cancer we performed immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays using two independent Arid3B antibodies. Loss of nuclear Arid3B appears to be common in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix and esophagus. We also examined expression of ARID3B in a normal and a squamous cell carcinoma esophageal cell line. We are also examining the coordinate expression of p63 and Arid3B in serial sections of normal and malignant tissue sections of esophagus, cervix, and skin. We are also investigating the regulation of ARID3B in 3D cell culture models of esophagus differentiation. Our data suggests that misregulation of ARID3B may contribute to the development of cancer in stratified epithelia specifically of the cervix and esophagus. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3038. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3038
Hormone replacement practice patterns among Oklahoma physicians

Abstract Objective: To determine hormone replacement (HRT) patterns among ob-gyns (OBs), family practitioners (FPs), and internists (IMs). Methods: Anonymous written surveys were sent to OBs, FPs, and IMs within the state of Oklahoma. Practice patterns were compared using X 2 tests. A P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Five hundred twenty-five of 1,341 surveys were returned, and 42.1% of OBs, 25.2% of FPs, and 16.3% of IMs stated that they prescribe HRT to 90% of their postmenopausal patients (OBs versus FPs P = 9×10 -4 ; OBs versus IMs P = 1×10 -6 ). Urban physicians prescribed HRT to > 90% of their postmenopausal patients (urban 38.8%, rural 19.9%, P = 5×10 -4 ). A trend towards increased HRT prescribing was seen for physicians in practice 5 years or less compared with those in practice longer ( P = 0.06). Multiple logistics regression found specialty ( P = 0.02), urban practice ( P = 0.01), and years in practice ( P = 0.05) as independent predictors for prescribing HRT to 91–100% of postmenopausal patients. Unopposed estrogen was the favored HRT for all specialties in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomies. Women with a history of endometriosis who received a hysterectomy were more likely to receive unopposed estrogen for HRT if they were postmenopausal (77.6%) than if they were premenopausal (68.4%). Finally, differences were seen between specialties in requiring a mammogram before starting HRT (OBs 66.9%; FPs 84.7%; IMs 91.7%; OBs versus FPs P = 1×10 -4 ; OBs versus IMs P = 3×10 -7 ; FPs versus IMs ( P = 0.05). Conclusions: Significant differences exist between the practice patterns of OBs, FPs, and IMs. This indicates a need for OBs to promote the benefits of HRT to physicians who are not ob-gyns.
Rorschach form level and the process-reactive dimension in schizophrenia†

The Rorschachs of 15 process and 15 reactive schizophrenics were scored for form level to examine differences on the cards between these groups. Cards X and IX proved most difficult for both groups to integrate. Process schizophrenics performed less well than did reactives on Card III, and reactives performed less well than did process on Card VII. The first result was interpreted in relation to the saliency of human figures in Card III. The results on Card VII were interpreted as contradicting that the card represented a parental theme. Further discussion centered upon the need for more anlaysis of Rorschach indices across individual cards.
Vibration of Flex Circuits in Hard Disk Drives

A flex circuit connects the stationary electronic components in a hard disk drive to the rotating arm that carries the read/write heads and positions them above data tracks on the disk. Flex circuits are conventionally formed as a laminate of polyimide substrate, adhesive, and copper conductors. Deformation of a flex circuit is discussed in the context of the following stages: the initial unstressed shape, configurations in which stresses set and relax in response to elevated temperature, equilibrium, and small amplitude vibration. The model involves displacements of the flex circuit in the directions tangent and normal to the local equilibrium shape, and those motions couple with the arm's dynamics. Nonlinearity associated with finite curvature, partial elastic springback, and the arm 's geometry and inertia properties are incorporated within the vibration model to predict system-level natural frequencies, mode shapes, and coupling factors between the circuit and the arm. laboratory measurements using noncontact laser interferometry validate the model with respect to the circuit's shape, stiffness, restoring moment, and natural frequencies. The primary degrees of freedom for optimizing flex circuit design are the thicknesses of the individual layers within the circuit, free length, and the locations and slopes of the circuit's attachment points to the arm and electronics block. The model's predictions and trends developed from a case study in free length are discussed with a view toward reducing coupling between the circuit and arm in certain vibration modes.
Integrated molecular and morphological biogeography of the calanoid copepod family Eucalanidae

Species range information forms the empirical data of pelagic biogeography. Early descriptions of canonical zooplankton distributions in the Pacific Ocean were based, in part, on distributional data from the planktonic copepod family Eucalanidae. A large-scale molecular survey of this group, covering Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans (1295 individuals), increased the total diversity from 24 to 39 evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). New biogeographies are presented here for 18 lineages within 10 described species in the genera Subeucalanus, Pareucalanus, and Rhincalanus. Integration of molecular and morphological data on diversity and distribution resulted in three primary outcomes: (1) the morphological species was confirmed to be valid, and the biogeographic distribution remains largely unchanged from prior reports, (2) the species was found to contain multiple ESUs, each of which has a more restricted distribution than the parent taxon, and (3) the species was found to contain multiple ESUs, whose biogeographic distributions remain unclear. Subeucalanus subtenuis, S. mucronatus, S. subcrassus, Pareucalanus attenuatus, P. langae, and P. parki are all valid genetic and morphological species, and prior distribution records from Fleminger (1973) and Lang (1965) are confirmed to be accurate. New records in the western Indian Ocean extend the biogeographic range of S. subtenuis, S. mucronatus, S. subcrassus, and P. langae. Subeucalanus pileatus, P. sewelli, and R. rostrifrons, all species with Indo-Pacific or circumglobal distributions, consist of genetically divergent, allopatric populations that subdivide the original biogeographic range. Subeucalanus crassus and Rhincalanus nasutus are species complexes containing 4-8 genetically divergent lineages, whose distributions are inadequately characterized. Although results suggest more restricted pelagic habitats for some eucalanid species, those habitats have been previously described for other zooplanktonic taxa and do not represent new pelagic distributional types.
Eye movements during reading: case reports.

ABSTRACTSince the time of Javal, it has been well established that normal reading eye movement patterns have 3 principal components: (1) small saccades that move the eyes from word to word, (2) large saccades that return the eyes to the beginning of the next line, and (3) fixation pauses between eac
Depressive Affect and Restraint in Early Adolescents: Relationships with Family Structure, Family Process and Friendship Support:

This study investigates the relationship between depressive affect and restraint and family and friendship variables in 103 unselected sixth graders (56 girls). Family measures included family structure (intact vs. two-parent families) and four family processes; communication with father, communication with mother, family cohesion and family adaptability. In addition, friendship support was assessed. Family structure was related to depression, but not after family processes were partialled out. Stepwise multiple regression models indicated that family cohesion and friendship support accounted for more than 50 percent of the variance in depressive affect. A high risk group for depressive affect was identified: Adolescents from single parent families with low friendship support had scores in the clinically depressed range. Restraint was best predicted by gender and mother-adolescent communication in the regression models, whereas family structure and friendship support did not account for further variance. ...
Structure of the twin‐arginine signal‐binding protein DmsD from Escherichia coli

The translocation of folded proteins via the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is regulated to prevent the futile export of inactive substrate. DmsD is part of a class of cytoplasmic chaperones that play a role in preventing certain redox proteins from premature transport. DmsD from Escherichia coli has been crystallized in space group P4_12_12, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 97.45, c = 210.04 A, in the presence of a small peptide. The structure has been solved by molecular replacement to a resolution of 2.4 A and refined to an R factor of 19.4%. There are four molecules in the asymmetric unit that may mimic a higher order structure in vivo. There appears to be density for the peptide in a predicted binding pocket, which lends support to its role as the signal-recognition surface for this class of proteins.
Higher order chromatin degradation in glial cells: the role of calcium

Abstract Higher order chromatin degradation (HOCD), i.e. the scission of nuclear chromatin loops at the matrix attachment regions (MARs), is a hallmark of programmed cell death. We have previously demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) induces rapid HOCD in cultured oligodendrocytes generating two subpopulations of DNA fragments of ≥400 and 50–200 kb. In the present study, we examined the involvement of calcium in this process. HOCD was induced in primary rat oligodendrocytes by exposure to 1 mM H 2 O 2 and assessed by field inversion gel electrophoresis with and without S1 endonuclease digestion, to detect single and double stranded fragmentation, respectively. Chelating intracellular calcium with BAPTA/AM prior to H 2 O 2 exposure inhibited HOCD in a dose-dependent manner. Complete inhibition of HOCD was attained with 50 μM BAPTA/AM. The pretreatment of cells with desferroxamine mesylate, which may lower intracellular calcium levels, also resulted in a profound inhibition of HOCD, but the initial chromatin digestion into ≥400 kb single stranded DNA fragments was unaffected. Neither removing extracellular calcium nor blocking calcium release from intracellular stores with TMB-8 affected HOCD. Moreover, increasing intracellular calcium with A23187 calcium ionophore did not induce HOCD. Subsequent study in nuclei purified from C6 glioma cells revealed that the endonuclease responsible for HOCD is calcium-independent, but is magnesium-dependent. Magnesium-induced HOCD was not affected by the removal of calcium from nuclei with EGTA, but was practically abrogated in nuclei prepared from BAPTA/AM-pretreated cells. These results indicate that although H 2 O 2 -induced HOCD is not directly mediated by an increase of intracellular calcium concentration, normal resting levels of intracellular calcium are required for the maintenance of MAR-associated endonuclease in an active form.
New technological vistas for systems and control: the example of wireless networks

Over the past four decades, the field of control has woven a rich tapestry of a larger systems theory, with sustained investigations into fundamental issues such as control, estimation, stability, optimality, adaptation, and decentralization. These issues are the fundamental ingredients in many new proposed technologies, which are now within our collective purview. They provide a profusion of practical examples of problems that may have sometimes abstractly engaged our attentions in the past and offer a wealth of opportunities for imaginative solutions. The opportunities are ours to seize. That is the central thesis of this article, and the author uses the example of wireless networking, an area of great interest in the emerging field of information technology, to illustrate it.
Neuropathogenesis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Neonatal Rhesus Macaques

Neonatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection usually occurs intrapartum or postpartum and results in a higher incidence of neurological dysfunction than is seen in adults. To explore the neuropathogenesis of neonatal HIV infection, we infected neonatal macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and followed the course of infection focusing on early time points. Infected neonates had decreased brain growth and mild histological changes in brain that resembled those seen in pediatric AIDS, including perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells, mineralization of vessels in the basal ganglia, and gliosis. The perivascular lesions and gliosis were associated with the presence of occasional infected cells that required in situ hybridization with radiolabeled riboprobes for detection. Using this technique, SIV-infected cells were detected in the brain parenchyma within 7 days of infection. These findings were confirmed by nested PCR for SIVgag DNA in brain and RT-PCR for viral RNA in cerebrospinal fluid. Together, these techniques revealed SIV infection of the CNS in 12 of 13 neonates infected with SIVmac239, 3 of 3 infected with SIVmac251, and 2 of 2 infected with SIVmac239/316. The prevalence of CNS infection was indistinguishable from that of older animals infected with the same dose and stock of virus, but neonates appeared to have fewer infected cells in the CNS and detecting them required more sensitive techniques. This observation was true regardless of inoculum and despite the fact that neonates had equal or greater viral loads in the periphery compared with older animals. These data suggest that maturation-dependent host factors have a major impact on the neuropathogenesis of pediatric AIDS.
Some computer experiments in picture processing for data compaction

This paper presents two digital methods for data compression of gray tone pictures of human faces by dividing the picture into many subpictures and transmitting the statistics of the subpictures, assuming a uniform or truncated gaussian distribution for the video values. First, a method of generating the video values (samples) of each subpicture at the receiving end is given. Then a scheme is presented to arrange these samples in the subpicture by making use of the differences between the means of video values of the subpicture and the neighboring subpictures. Also incorporated in the method is a feature to copy some subpictures from the input picture into the output picture, which have a wide variation of intensity levels, while keeping the data compression at 1 bit/pixel. Computer processed pictures are given as examples.
Further evidence that a Ca2+-activated ATPase is connected with the cell cycle

Abstract A Ca2+-activated ATPase was studied in the course of the cell cycle of different Hawaiian sea urchins to confirm the cyclic changes found in S. purpuratus and described earlier [9]. A close connection between the two peaks of activity and the morphological events in every cycle could be demonstrated. This correlation was further verified by changing the length of the cell cycle of one species by different temperatures. The enzymatic pattern follows those changes closely. The pattern of the activity fluctuations of the ATPase becomes irregular if the temperature is too high for a development of the eggs.
Can't stop dancing: could it be St. Vitus' dance?

Purpose: To inform providers of one of the rare but significant consequences that result from not diagnosing and treating streptococcal pharyngitis: Sydenham’s chorea (St. Vitus’ dance). Data sources: Current Internet sources including review articles, informational articles, online medical textbooks, and professional organization Web sites. Conclusion: It is vital that each case of streptococcal pharyngitis be treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy. Doing so will help prevent the sequelae associated with streptococcal infections, such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and Sydenham’s chorea. Implications for practice: Streptococcal pharyngitis is a common illness that has the potential to cause very serious consequences. The consequences may be life altering, such as suffering permanent heart damage. With appropriate diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics, the sequelae of ARF and Sydenham’s chorea can be prevented.
Immiscibility and the System Lanthanum Oxide–Boric Oxide

The phase equilibrium diagram for the system La2O3-B2O3 has been determined experimentally. The compounds La2O3-3B2O3and La2O3-B2O3 melt congruently at 1141°± 5°C. and 1660°± 15°C, respectively. At 1488°± 5°C, La2O3-B2O3 inverts from the aragonite-type structure to a high-temperature form. Trilanthanum borate, 3La2O3 B2O3, melts incongruently at 1386°± 5°C. to give liquid and La2O3. No solid solutions exist in the system. A region of liquid immiscibility exists in the system and extends at 1136°± 5°C. from almost pure B2O3 to 21.5 mole % La2O3. The experimental value for the extent of immiscibility agrees with that calculated from theoretical considerations. A second method for estimating immiscibility in the system is demonstrated, which requires experimentally only the determination of the index of refraction of the modifier-rich liquid. Principles governing immiscibility are discussed.