cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perianeurysm edema with second-generation bioactive coils

Abstract Background Perianeurysm edema is an uncommon complication of intracranial aneurysms, occurring mostly in giant aneurysms that suddenly thrombose. Case Description We present the first report of an unruptured, nongiant, saccular aneurysm that developed marked perianeurysm edema after embolization with Matrix2 coils. In this case, follow-up catheter angiography showed a new coil tail protruding beyond the dome of the aneurysm in the region of the most intense edema. Conclusions We postulate that perianeurysm edema may occur after breakdown of the aneurysm wall accompanied by an inflammatory response to exposed bioactive coils. Clinicians should be aware of this potential complication and consider performing earlier surveillance angiography when this occurs to ensure that there has not been a shift in the coil mass and recurrence of the aneurysm.
Relative impacts of land-use, management intensity and fertilization upon soil microbial community structure in agricultural systems

Soil microbial communities under three agricultural management systems (conventionally tilled cropland, hayed pasture, and grazed pasture) and two fertilizer systems (inorganic fertilizer and poultry litter) were compared to that of a w150-y-old forest near Watkinsville, Georgia. Both 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses indicated that the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the forest soil were significantly different than in the agricultural soils. Within the agricultural soils, the effect of fertilizer amendment on bacterial communities was more dramatic than either land use or season. Fertilizer amendment altered the abundance of more bacterial groups throughout the agricultural soils. In addition, the changes in the composition of bacterial groups were more pronounced in cropland than in pastures. There was much less seasonal variation between the soil libraries. Community-level differences were associated with differences in soil pH, mineralizable carbon and nitrogen, and extractable nutrients. Bacterial community diversity exhibited a complex relationship with the land use intensity in these agro-ecosystems. The pastures had the highest bacterial diversity and could be characterized as having an intermediate degree of intervention compared to low intervention in forest and high intervention in cropland. Changes in bacterial diversity could be attributed to the abundance of a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The microdiversity of abundant OTUs in both forest and cropland was consistent with an increase in abundance of many phenotypically similar species rather than a single species for each OTU. Soil microbial communities were significantly altered by long-term agricultural management systems, especially fertilizer amendment, and these results provide a basis for promoting conservation agricultural systems.
Raman spectroscopy of poly‐L‐proline in aqueous solution

The laser-excited Raman spectra have been obtained of poly-L-proline in the solid and aqueous solution. In the solid state, the Raman spectra are of the form II which is the left-handed helical form with the peptide bonds in the trans configuration. Dissolution of this form in water produced only minor changes in the Raman spectra. The differences in frequencies produced by dissolving the polymer are associated with vibrational modes of the pyrrolidine ring as indicated by comparison with the Raman spectrum of L-proline. The similarity of the Raman spectra dictates that, the conformations of poly-L-proline chain are similar in the solid and aqueous solution.
Interpreting in situ pressure and hydraulic properties with borehole penetrometers in ocean drilling: DVTPP and Piezoprobe deployments at southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon

[1] Two borehole penetrometers, Fugro-McClelland's Piezoprobe and the Ocean Drilling Program's (ODP) DVTPP, were deployed 50 m below seafloor at Site 1244 on ODP Leg 204 to measure formation pressure at southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. Pore pressure is interpreted to be hydrostatic and the sediment's coefficient of consolidation is interpreted to lie between 6.92 and 7.8 × 10−7 m2/s, which is in approximate agreement with laboratory measurements. The Piezoprobe pressure reaches 90% of dissipation 14 times sooner than the DVTPP. The observed and modeled pore pressure responses illustrate how penetrometer geometry impacts our ability to interpret in situ properties and demonstrate under what conditions these tools can be effectively used. Because of its narrow tip, the Piezoprobe disturbs a narrower zone than the DVTPP does. This generates a narrower zone of pressure increase around the piezoprobe, which dissipates much faster than the DVTPP. As consolidation proceeds, pressure dissipation of the Piezoprobe is retarded and forms a “bench,” or flat spot, on the dissipation curve. Owing to its distinct two-radius geometry, it is possible to apply a consistent method to estimate in situ pressure from partial dissipation record based on the position of the “bench.”
Evidential reasoning for WebTrust assurance services

In this paper we develop an evidential network model for "WebTrust Assurance", a service recently proposed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. Our model augments the AICPA/CICA approach and presents five categories of assertions related to providing WebTrust Assurance. We then derive goals, sub-goals and evidence that are related to the overall assurance to be provided. The aggregation of evidence and the resolution of uncertainties in the model follow the approach of Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. Next we consider the assurance planning problem and develop a decision theoretic model for this problem.
Audio, Archives, and the Affordance of Listening in a Pedagogy of “Difference”

Abstract While attention to “affordance” has tended to focus on the forms of production that technologies encourage, this essay shifts emphasis to how different modes and mediums also afford certain kinds of engagement in the process of digital composing. Seeking a fresh pedagogical approach for how writing instructors and students might productively engage difficult issues of “difference” together, I argue that engaging audio archives of non-normative voices in the process of composing digital “audio collage” can afford iterative listening practices. Through a study of students’ listening practices revealed in their audio compositions in a gender-themed composition course, I demonstrate the rewards of this pedagogical approach: an increased potential for “a stance of openness” ( Ratcliffe, 2005 , p. 17) to non-neutral texts and gender-critical inquiry, a greater sense of creative freedom and productive uncertainty felt by students, and the occasion to discuss fundamental issues in writing, including the process of coming to invention across a multitude of sources, the responsible appropriation of others’ voices, issues of Fair Use and plagiarism, and the relationship between historical evidence and contemporary claims.
Some Thoughts on the American Approach to Regulating Genetically Modified Organisms

A healthy society needs room for genuine dialogue, particularly over issues of how to evaluate and weigh risks to public safety. When citizens do not have confidence in the regulatory systems that purport to protect them, social trust breaks down. The lack of a transparent, well-organized regulatory system threatens public trust in biotechnology and more fundamentally in government itself. The success of agricultural biotechnology depends on society's willingness to accept and consume food produced via this technology. This willingness hinges on the level of trust that the technology is being developed and used in a safe manner. This needed trust is multilayered - the consumer must trust that the scientists know what they are doing in developing these crops, that the companies marketing and distributing the crops are operating in a legal and ethical manner, that the regulators are exercising proper oversight, that the farmers are obeying the regulations, and that the consumer is not being lied to or misled. The presence or absence of trust dramatically affects communications about and perceptions of risk. As a result, a credible oversight scheme and trust in the institutions promoting and overseeing agricultural biotechnology may be the single biggest predictors of public acceptance of this technology Because the development, production and marketing of GM crops requires the activities of so many different parties, there are multiple levels on which this process can break down, creating suspicion and mistrust. This article explores fundamental questions about the relationship between transparency, trust and acceptability of risk and makes some recommendations about the role that public voices should play in regulatory policy.
Locomotion concerns with moral usefulness: When liberals endorse conservative binding moral foundations

Moral Foundations Theory has provided a framework for understanding the endorsement of different moral beliefs. Our research investigated whether there are other reasons to endorse moral foundations in addition to epistemic concerns; specifically, the perceived social usefulness of moral foundations. In Study 1, we demonstrate that those showing stronger locomotion concerns for controlling movement tend toward a higher endorsement of binding foundations, and that this effect is stronger among political liberals who otherwise do not typically endorse these foundations. In Study 2, we show that priming participants with assessment concerns (emphasizing truth) rather than locomotion concerns (emphasizing control) reduces the response variance among liberals and also removes the association between locomotion and the binding foundations. In Study 3, we directly ask participants to focus on moral truth versus moral usefulness, with moral truth replicating the Study 2 effect of assessment priming, and moral usefulness replicating the effect of locomotion priming.
Serving Latino Farmworker Students in Michigan Summer Migrant Programs: Directors’ Perspectives

ABSTRACTThis survey and interview-based study examined the perspectives of 30 of the 38 migrant directors in Michigan, covering 26 summer migrant programs. Among the findings of this study were an unexpected inverse relationship between the size of programs and the frequency and number of external services and referrals they are able to provide for students; a widespread concern with interstate credit accrual and communication between state programs as well as differences in program directors’ perceptions of the ease of interstate communication; and a generally positive response to the suggestion of a new statewide evaluation protocol for migrant programs.
Robust control design of an automatic carrier landing system

A robust controller, utilizing Hoo control design techniques, is developed for an automatic carrier landing system. First, a detailed nonlinear aircraft simulation, which -includes the aircraft dynamics, pitch attitude autopilot, and automatic thrust compensator, is summarized. Then, impulse response data is used to form a time-invariant linear model approximation. This linear model is the plant used in the H" control design process. However, this plant has a pure integrator. Consequently, the H" control design formulation does not form a proper rational transfer function. A solution to this difficulty is developed by incorporating a simple feedback loop. With this modification, the robust control design is obtained A comparison study between the robust control design and the proportional-inte,oral-derivativ+double derivative control law of the current carrier landing system is next shown. The design study indicates that the robust HOC controller dramatically improves response characteristics and system performance.
Experimental studies on nuclear and cell division

During several seasons extensive experiments were made on the segmenting eggs of Crepidula plana. These experiments included a study of the influence on nuclear and cell division of hypertonic and hypotonic sea water, of ether, alcohol, etc., of the lack of oxygen, of the electric current, and of pressure and shaking. The following general conclusions may be drawn from this work:1. Under the same treatment the effects may be extremely varied, owing, probably, to the different stages of cell division acted upon.2. A dividing cell is much more easily disturbed or rendered abnormal than is a resting one; the mitotic figure in particular is very easily altered and most of the abnormalities observed arise from this source.3. The earlier stages of cleavage are much more easily altered than are the later ones.4. Certain general abnormalities occur after the most varied treatment, e. g., the general results both of concentration and of dilution of sea water are to produce polyasters and to prevent the cleavage of...
Interlaminar and Intralaminar Dynamic Fracture Behaviors of CFRP: An Investigation Using Digital Image Correlation and High-Speed Photography

In this work, mode-I dynamic interlaminar and intralaminar fracture behaviors of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are studied. Thick unidirectional composites were processed and their fracture performance was characterized under both quasi-static three-point bending and dynamic one-point impact loading conditions. Both crack initiation and growth characteristics under stress-wave dominant loading conditions were evaluated in the latter case. The optical methods of digital image correlation (DIC) and ultra-high speed photography were employed to monitor crack tip deformations around transiently growing cracks. Interlaminar fracture responses were compared to the intralaminar counterparts using specimens of identical dimensions from the same original composite sheet. To author’s knowledge, this will be the first work to compare interlaminar and intralaminar fracture of unidirectional samples cut from the same composite sheet and using the same test geometry.
Experiments on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

SummaryAddition of desoxyribonucleic acid, gelatin, fibrinogen, and especially hyaluronic acid to normal human citrated blood causes a considerable increase in E.S.R. Hyaluronic acid acts only in its highly polymerized form, thus suggesting that molecular weight is an important factor in this reaction, as well as asymmetry of the molecule. Hyaluronidase specifically reverses the action of hyaluronate on E.S.R. Intravenous injection of hyaluron- ate in guinea pig and rabbit leads to increased E.S.R. Intravenous injection of hyaluronidase promptly causes the increased rate to become normal.
Relationship between Detective Time for Serum Cardiac Troponin I and Their Positive Rate in Children with Viral Myocarditis

Objective To explore the relationship between detective time for serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI) and their positive rate in diagnosis of viral myocarditis(VM).Methods Twenty-one cases of VM were designed as the test group.The serum cTnI were dynamically detected and compared with the normal control group.Results The serum cTnI were all negative in the normal control group,of 6 cases(28.6%) in the test group were positive when admission,of 7 cases(33.3%),8 cases(38.1%),9 cases(42.9%),13 cases(61.9%) and 4 cases(19%) were positive 6,12,18,24,48,72 h and 10 to 14 days laters respectively.There were statistic significances,compared the accumulative total positive rate of 48 h and 72 h after hospitalization with of emission and of 10 to 14 days after hospitalization,respectively.Conclusion Monitoring serum cTnI dynamically may increase the positive rate of cTnI for the suspected patients.
Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Screening and Decolonization to Reduce Surgical Site Infection in Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Deep infection after elective total joint arthroplasty remains a devastating complication. Preoperative nasal swab screening for Staphylococcus aureus colonization and subsequent treatment of colonized patients is one proposed method to identify at-risk patients and decrease surgical site infections (SSIs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether a preoperative staphylococcus screening and treatment program would decrease the incidence of SSI in elective joint arthroplasty patients. Methods Since January 2009, a total of 9690 patients having an elective joint arthroplasty were screened before surgery for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) with nares swabs. All patients with positive nare colonization for MSSA and MRSA were treated with mupirocin and chlorhexidine gluconate showers for 5 days before surgery. MRSA patients received vancomycin preoperatively and were placed in contact isolation. All elective arthroplasty patients used chlorhexidine gluconate antiseptic cloths the evening prior and the day of surgery. Perioperative infection rates were compared from 1 year before implementation to 5 years after implementation of this screening protocol. Results SSI rates have decreased from 1.11% (prescreening) to 0.34% (nasal screening; P P > .05). Conclusion The addition of MRSA and/or MSSA nares screening along with a perioperative decolonization protocol has resulted in a decreased SSI rate by 69%.
Conditions on Normal Spaces of Finite Rank That Guarantee C(X) is SV

An f-ring A is an SV f-ring if for every minimal prime l-ideal P of A, A/P is a valuation domain. A topological space X is an SV space if C(X) is an SV f-ring. For normal spaces, several conditions are shown to guarantee the space is an SV space. For example, a normal space of finite rank for which the closure of the set of points of rank greater than 1 is an F-subspace, is an SV space. For normal spaces of rank 2, a characterization of SV spaces is given.
Business Model Theory

Teece (2007) posited that an enterprise’s success is contingent upon how astutely its business model is crafted. Entrepreneurial competence, formulated in Stage 1, will not result in value creation and appropriation without an efficient and sustainable business model design. Business models “reflect management’s hypothesis about what customers want and how an enterprise can best meet those needs, and get paid for doing so” (Teece, 2007, p. 1329). According to Chesbrough and Rosenbloom (2002, pp. 533–534), “The function of a business model is to ‘articulate’ the value proposition, select the appropriate technology and features, identify target market segments, define the structure of the value chain, and estimate the cost structure and profit potential.” Business models provide a rationale as to how value is created and appropriated within a venture.
Jack D. Zipes, The Great Refusal. Studies of the Romantic Hero in German and American Literature: Bad Homburg: Athenäum, 1970, Pp. 158.

(1973). Jack D. Zipes, The Great Refusal. Studies of the Romantic Hero in German and American Literature. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 63-64.
Characterization of Sub-surface Damage During the Early Stage of Stress Corrosion Cracking by Nano Indentation

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is a cracking process observed in metals under tensile stress and corrosive environment. It has been reported as one of the major failure modes in high strength steel pipelines over few decades. This study aims to characterize sub-surface damage, which leads to near surface mechanical property changes during the initiation stage of SCC. The quasi-static and dynamic nano indentation technique, were utilized to resolve the mechanical property variation in the near-surface region. The measurements indicated significant softening and modulus reduction near the grain boundaries. Such findings could further elucidate the underlying deformation mechanisms during the early stage of SCC as a function of degradation level.
Supercell design for first-principles simulations of solids and application to diamond, silica, and superionic water

Abstract For efficient first-principles computation of crystalline materials at high density and temperature, an optimal choice of the supercell is important to minimize finite size errors. An algorithm is presented to construct compact supercells for arbitrary crystal structures. Rather than constructing standard supercells by replicating the conventional unit cell, we employ the full flexibility that we gain by using arbitrary combinations of the primitive cell vectors in order to construct a series of cubic and nearly cubic supercells. In cases where different polymorphs of a material needed to be compared, we are able construct supercells of consistent size. Our approach also allows us to efficiently study the finite size effects in systems like superionic water where they would otherwise difficult to obtain because a standard replication of the unit cells leads to supercells that are too expensive to be used for first-principles simulations. We apply our method to simple, body-centered, and face-centered cubic as well as hexagonal close packed cells. We present simulation results for diamond, silica in the pyrite structure, and superionic water with an face-centered cubic oxygen sub-lattice. The effects of the finite simulation cell size and Brillouin zone sampling on the computed pressure and internal energy are analyzed.
Ethnic density and mortality: aboriginal population health in Taiwan.

Ethnic density (the proportion of ethnic minority populations in a geographic area) has emerged as an important factor determining population health. By examining the relationship between mortality rates and the proportion of aboriginal population in Taiwan, this ecological approach highlights the pressing need to understand why aboriginal health remains relatively disadvantaged affecting the population as a whole, especially given the provision of universal health coverage. Using combined data from various government departments in Taiwan, we first compare overall mortality rates between aboriginal people and the general population in Taiwan’s 21 administrative locations during the years 2010 and 2011. Then we describe the associations between ethnic density and the relative risk of 40 different causes of death. Aboriginal people in Taiwan on average have higher overall mortality rates than the general population. The proportion of aboriginal population is associated with a higher risk of death for overall mortality, homicide, vehicle crashes, tuberculosis, and several alcohol-related diseases such as peptic ulcer, chronic liver disease, and cirrhosis. These affect the health of the general population in counties where aborigines are abundant. The proportion of aboriginal population may play an essential role in determining Taiwan’s population health. When universal health coverage is in place, the root causes (for example, alcoholism, culture, and socioeconomic disadvantages) of health disparities between aboriginal populations and general populations need to be addressed.
Jackie (and Jill) Robinson in the Statehouse: Gender and Educational Attainment Influences on Office-Holding and Leadership Positions in the U.S. States

While legislative gender disparity has declined over the past few decades, gender imbalance has continued to be a stubborn fact of representative democracy in the United States. This divide persists even though females have caught up in terms of the historical educational gap. These societal shifts have been significant, however little time has been devoted to analysis of legislator education levels and none to the relationship with gender in the extant literature. This paper seeks to fill that gap, looking at the intersection through the lens of one of the prevailing theories of the expectations of female candidates and legislators.
Steplength Adaptations for the Predictor

The convergence considerations of section 5.2 were carried out under the assumption that the steplength of the algorithm (5.1.1) was uniformly constant throughout. This is of course not efficient for any practical implementation. The discussion in chapter 5 did not indicate any means of choosing the steplength h > 0. To some extent of course, the steplength strategy depends upon the accuracy with which it is desired to numerically trace a solution curve. In any case, an efficient algorithm for this task needs to incorporate an automatic strategy for controlling the steplength. In this respect the PC methods are similar to the methods for numerically integrating initial value problems in ordinary differential equations. Indeed, one expedient way of tracing an implicitly defined curve c is to merely use a numerical initial value problem solver on the defining initial value problem (2.1.9). Although such an approach has been successfully used by some authors to solve a large variety of practical problems in science and engineering (for some examples, see the bibliography), the general opinion is that it is preferable to exploit the contractive properties of the zero set H−1(0) relative to such iterative methods as those of Newton type.
Review of Pediatric Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are rare chromaffin cell tumors which secrete catecholamines and form part of the family of neuroendocrine tumors. Although a rare cause of secondary hypertension in pediatrics, the presentation of hypertension in these patients is characteristic and treatment is definitive. The gold standard for diagnosis is via measurement of plasma free metanephrines, with imaging studies performed for localization, identification of metastatic lesions and for surgical resection. Pre-operative therapy with alpha-blocking agents, beta-blockers and potentially tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors aid in a safe pre, intra and post-operative course. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are inherited in as much as 80% of pediatric cases and all patients with mutations should be followed closely given the risk of recurrence and malignancy. While the presentation of chromaffin cell tumors has been well described with MEN, NF1 and VHL syndromes, the identification of new gene mutations leading to chromaffin cell tumors at a young age is changing the landscape of how clinicians approach such cases. The Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma syndromes (SDHx) comprise familial gene mutations, of which the SDHB gene mutation carries a high rate of malignancy. Since the inheritance rate of such tumors is higher than previously described, genetic screening is recommended in all patients and life-long follow-up for recurrent tumors is a must. A multidisciplinary team approach allows for optimal healthcare delivery in such children. This review serves to provide an overview of pediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, including updates on the preferred methods of imaging, guidelines on gene testing as well as management of hypertension in such patients.
A Sample Transfer Procedure For Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) preparation procedures can limit and restrict sampling and transportation of plant tissue for SEM analysis. At nurseries throughout the United States leaf samples of Acer rubrum L. ‘October Glory,’ were placed in glutaraldehyde and transported by parcel post at ambient temperatures in mailing sacks. Similar leaf samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde, shipped by small package air express in ice 4°C (40°F) within stainless steel thermos bottles. Upon receipt, both groups of samples were processed in the laboratory using standard SEM procedures and examined with an SEM. Laboratory controls were performed simultaneously at Delaware, OH under standard SEM procedures. Samples shipped by air express in ice appeared similar to specimens from the laboratory controls when evaluated with the SEM. Downy surface wax was not altered. Leaf surfaces of specimens that were shipped by parcel post at ambient temperatures were altered, lacking downy wax and possessing lesion-like areas. Rapi...
The Effects of Explosive Volcanism on Simple to Complex Societies in Ancient Middle America

Publisher Summary The ancient societies of Middle America (Mexico and Central America) were not equally vulnerable to the sudden stresses of explosive volcanic eruptions. Although the sample size of known cases is small, the simple egalitarian societies apparently were more resilient to sudden massive stress, in the long run, than were more complex chiefdoms or states. The simpler societies often repeatedly reoccupied the recovering landscapes, taking advantage of the short-term benefits of the volcanically active environments, with little or no detectable culture change that can be traced to the volcanic impacts. The more complex societies in this sample had greater difficulties in coping with sudden, massive stresses, apparently because of their greater reliance on the built environment, staple cultigens, long-range trade networks, greater population density, competitive to hostile political landscapes, redistributive economies, and other centralized institutions. An unanticipated result of this study in this chapter is the realization of the importance of the political context of a society prior to a sudden stress.
Mesenchymal stem cells facilitate mixed hematopoietic chimerism induction and prevent onset of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.

OBJECTIVES Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were cotransplanted in nonobese diabetic mice after none myeloablative preconditioning and the development of chimerism, insulitis, diabetes, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were monitored. METHODS Eight-week-old female nonobese diabetic mice were injected intravenously with 2 × 10 BMCs and 5 × 10 MSCs from C57BL/6 mice after treatment with 2 intraperitoneal injections of anti-CD3 antibody (days -7 and -4) and 3-Gy total body irradiation (day -1). Thereafter, blood glucose and chimerism were monitored on peripheral blood samples. RESULTS Stable mixed chimerism (3->90% of donor phenotype) was induced in 63.2% of BMCs-MSCs recipients (n = 19) and 45.0% of BMCs-alone recipients (n = 20, P = 0.256). Insulitis was prevented, and euglycemia persisted for more than 18 weeks in 89.5% of BMCs-MSCs recipients including those with less than 3% chimerism and 55% of BM-alone recipients (P < 0.05). In controls, 9.1% of mice receiving preconditioning treatment alone (n = 11) and 16.7% of preconditioned mice receiving only MSCs (n = 12) were nondiabetic. Graft-versus-host disease was not detected in all mice. CONCLUSIONS Coinjection of MSCs and BMCs increased the success rate in inducing chimerism and preventing insulitis and overt diabetes with no incidence of GVHD. Results also indicated that even microchimerism with less than 3% donor cells is sufficient for blocking autoimmunity.
Non-Gaussian Physics of the Cosmological Genus Statistic

We suggest a technique to calculate the impact of distinct physical processes inducing non-gaussianity on the cosmological density field. The decomposition of the cosmic genus statistic with an orthogonal polynomial sequence allows expression of the scale-dependent evolution of the morphology of large-scale structure, in which effects including galaxy bias, non-linear gravitational evolution and primordial non-gaussianity might be delineated.
Do Vaccines Cause Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS)

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a very rare neurological condition that generally begins at one to two years of age and is characterized by uncontrolled, irregular and rapid movements of the muscles and eyes. Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S. have not been shown to cause OMS.
Leisure Time Physical Activity Reduces the Risk for Stroke in Adults: A Reanalysis of a Meta-Analysis Using the Inverse-Heterogeneity Model

Objective. Apply more robust and additional analyses to a previous meta-analysis that reported statistically significant associations between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and stroke. Methods. A reanalysis of a previous meta-analysis that included nine prospective cohort studies representing 269,594 men and women 25-84 years of age and in which the association between LTPA and incident stroke was examined. Follow-up periods ranged from 7.7 to 32.0 years. Relative risks (RR) from each study were pooled using the inverse-heterogeneity model. Heterogeneity was examined using the Q statistic, inconsistency using I2, and small-study effects using Doi plots and the LFK index. Influence and cumulative meta-analysis were also conducted. Results. Using low LTPA as the reference, moderate LTPA was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk for stroke in men (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65 to 0.95) and a trend in women (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.0). High LTPA was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk for stroke in both men (RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.86) and women (RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.92). No statistically significant heterogeneity was observed and inconsistency was low. However, potential small-study effects were observed. With each study deleted once, results remained statistically significant. Cumulative meta-analysis demonstrated stability in results since at least 2005. Conclusions. Leisure time physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of stroke in both men and women. However, the small-study effects observed suggest the possibility that results may be exaggerated.
The Utility of Design Thinking to Promote Systemic Instructional Design Practices in the Workplace.

Designing within a system is ubiquitous to instructional design. In order to understand the systemic impact of design decisions within an organization, one must understand the interrelatedness of the objects within the system. Developing an understanding of context as it relates to the utility of instructional design solutions will position instructional designers to systemically influence the organization in a positive manner. This paper acknowledges the systemic challenges encountered by instructional designers in the workplace and discusses how design thinking can be leveraged with HPT strategies to assist the instructional designer with designing solutions that have a systemic impact on the organization. This paper also introduces a conceptual framework, grounded in general systems theory, that combines design thinking principles with instructional design practices to improve performance.
Numerical Optimization

Numerical Optimization presents a comprehensive and up-to-date description of the most effective methods in continuous optimization. It responds to the growing interest in optimization in engineering, science, and business by focusing on the methods that are best suited to practical problems. For this new edition the book has been thoroughly updated throughout. There are new chapters on nonlinear interior methods and derivative-free methods for optimization, both of which are used widely in practice and the focus of much current research. Because of the emphasis on practical methods, as well as the extensive illustrations and exercises, the book is accessible to a wide audience. It can be used as a graduate text in engineering, operations research, mathematics, computer science, and business. It also serves as a handbook for researchers and practitioners in the field. The authors have strived to produce a text that is pleasant to read, informative, and rigorous - one that reveals both the beautiful nature of the discipline and its practical side.
Radiographically Occult Manifestation of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Patient With Prolonged Clinical and Laboratory Evidence of Rampant Disease: A Case Report.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this case report is to present a case of rampant rheumatoid synovitis and arthritis of a patient with a long duration of symptoms and no radiographic abnormalities of rheumatoid arthritis at the initial diagnosis. Clinical Features A 49-year-old Hispanic woman presented to a chiropractic teaching clinic with an 8-month history of bilateral, symmetrical hand pain and stiffness noted specifically in her second and third metacarpophalangeal joints. The patient has reported no other health changes and no history of rheumatoid arthritis in the family. Intervention and Outcome Based on this patient's complaint, initial bilateral 3-view radiographic examination of the hands using computed radiography was performed. Despite prolonged history of inflammatory joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis confirmed by abnormally high levels of rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and anti-cyclic citrulline peptide antibodies, the patient had no radiographic evidence of rheumatoid arthritis during the initial and repeat radiographic studies. Conclusion Some patients with rheumatoid arthritis may present with rampant clinical and laboratory abnormalities despite an apparent lack of radiographically detectable rheumatoid arthritis. This case demonstrates that astute clinicians should primarily rely on the results of clinical and laboratory abnormalities of rheumatoid arthritis and not be deterred or mislead by an apparent lack of radiographic changes at diagnosis. If the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis requires diagnostic imaging confirmation, then magnetic resonance imaging or diagnostic ultrasound of the hands should be used, especially if the initial radiographic assessment remains unrewarding.
Comment on: “A review of the complementary principle of evaporation: from the original linear relationship to generalized nonlinear functions” by Han and Tian (2020)

Abstract. The paper by Han and Tian (2020) reviews the history of developments in the complementary relationship (CR) between actual and potential evaporation and introduces the generalized complementary principle (GCP) developed by the authors. This comment assesses whether the GCP: (1) can give reasonable results from a wide range of surfaces worldwide; (2) is supported by experimental data that verify the three stages of evaporation implicit in the GCP, particularly in the wet-surface limit; (3) has been proven to be correct by the authors in a previous paper; and (4) is supported by model studies showing that wet surfaces occur predominantly during periods of large-scale moisture convergence. The assessment finds that arguments in favor of the GCP deserve to be taken seriously but ultimately remain unconvincing.
Quantitative Understanding and Implementation of Screen Printed p+ Poly-Si/Oxide Passivated Contact to Enhance the Efficiency of p-PERC Cells

This paper reports on the modeling, optimization, and implementation of p-TOPCon (tunnel oxide passivating contacts) on the rear side of a PERC to enhance its cell efficiency. Local Al-BSF of a traditional PERC was replaced by p+ poly-Si/oxide passivated contact composed of ~15A thick chemically grown tunnel oxide, capped with 120-250nm thick p+ poly-Si layer grown by LPCVD. Process optimization resulted in full-area un-metallized recombination current density (J 0b , pass ) of 0b ,) of 65fA/cm2. Detailed analysis and device simulation showed that by replacing this LBSF with 250nm TOPCon developed in the study should produce a V oc enhancement of 9.2mV, consistent with the observed cell V oc increase of 10mV.
Quantum transport simulation of graphene-nanoribbon field-effect transistors with defects

We present a theoretical study of the effect of defects on the charge-transport properties of gate-all-around graphene nanoribbons field-effect transistors. Electronic transport is treated atomistically using an efficient method we have recently proposed that makes use of a Bloch-wave basis obtained from empirical pseudopotentials and solves the Schrodinger equation with open boundary conditions using the quantum transmitting boundary method. The defects considered here consist in single vacancies at different locations in the ribbon (center and edge of the ribbon; in the source or drain regions or along the channel). We have found that vacancies located at different locations along the ribbon width alter differently the Kekule patterns: Defects at the edge reduce the $$I_{\mathrm{on}}/I_{\mathrm{off}}$$ more than defects located near the center of the ribbon, and the effect is stronger in narrow ribbons. These results show that any proposed technology based on graphene nanoribbons must be able to control the quality of the material down to a single atom.
A Study on Sports Players Self Treatment Methods in Tribal and Rural Agency Areas of Telangana State

A physical strength can be developed by Sports but during this, it may cause major/minor injuries to health. This will happen without a proper technical trainer. Few of the crazy games are participated by the rural agency area players without having any proper training this leads them to face many injuries. Players get recovered from these injuries by using natural remedies. While players from rural areas participate more when compared to urban areas though they are injured many times. Injuries occurred during sports activities are normally bone gets fracture, muscle injury, tearing of skins, physical damages to the body, etc. Here these problems generally require sports medicine treatment instead of this, agency rural illiterate sports players are using natural popular remedies are i) Curing the healed injury by applying Nallalam leaves, Konda gogu flowers and Thippatega Crushed oil, ii) Healing fracture bones by supporting Nalleru leaves oil with support of Bambino tree sticks iii) To immediately recover the pain is by applying Jidiginja oil iv) To control body pains by applying Chennaing leaves v) Relaxation of tired body pains is by drinking Vippa puvvu Sara (flower boiled water) vi) To recover from food poison players use Wild Tomato plant fruits vii) Things like thorn removing using earwax viii) For instance energy, sports person use Chitimoti kaya fruits and Thuniki fruits, xi) For energetic sports diet they use special rice Dussorri, Bambino rice x) Players gain calories by eating snacks with Chennagadda.
Purification and preservation of satellite cells from human skeletal muscle

Summary Regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle is driven by tissue-specific progenitor cells called satellite cells, which occupy a minority of the cells in the muscle. This protocol provides researchers with techniques to efficiently isolate and purify functional satellite cells from human muscle tissue. The proven techniques described here enable the preparation of purified and minimally altered satellite cells for in vitro and in vivo experimentation and for potential clinical applications. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Barruet et al. (2020) and Garcia et al. (2018) .
Mini-Medical school empowers community members to advocate for their and others health.

Abstract Purpose Over the past three decades, the term Mini-Medical School (MMS) has been used to describe programs offered by schools of medicine, which provide health education to the lay public and health career exposure to youth. The University of Maryland School of Medicine has operated an MMS program since 2001. The purpose of this study was to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of MMS participants and the impacts of this program on their health. Methods We analyzed anonymous post-completion program evaluation survey responses and we conducted focus groups with some of the participants who had attended the program for ≥10 years. Results Most of the MMS participants were women (84%, n = 72), ≥55 years of age (88%), and well-educated (58% with college degree and higher); and 59% had attended the program for ≥5 years. The focus group discussions revealed acquisition of medical knowledge and community outreach as recurring themes; the former leading to empowerment of the participants for better self-care and care for others, while the latter driving them to health education and advocacy. Most of the participants showed interest in becoming “ambassadors” in their respective communities. Conclusion The health information provided by the MMS program is well-received and even anticipated by its participants. It has empowered them to care for themselves and for others by making them educated consumers and health advocates in their community. The MMS program should work with the School's community partners to make this resource more widely accessible, particularly to populations experiencing the most health disparities.
Caffeine supplementation in the hospital: Potential role for the treatment of caffeine withdrawal.

Abstract Caffeine use in the population is widespread. Caffeine withdrawal in the hospital setting is an underappreciated syndrome with symptoms including drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, mood disturbances, low motivation, flu-like symptoms, and headache. Withdrawal may occur upon abstinence from chronic daily exposure at doses as low as 100 mg/day and following only 3–7 days of consumption at higher doses. There are limited data investigating how caffeine withdrawal contributes to hospital morbidity. Some studies suggest caffeine withdrawal may contribute to intensive care delirium and that caffeine may promote wakefulness post-anesthesia. Caffeine supplementation has also shown promise in patients at risk of caffeine withdrawal, such as those placed on nil per os (NPO) status, in preventing caffeine withdrawal headache. These data on caffeine supplementation are not entirely consistent, and routine caffeine administration has not been implemented into clinical practice for patients at risk of withdrawal. Notably, caffeine serves a therapeutic role in the hospital for other conditions. Our review demonstrates that caffeine is largely safe in the general population and may be an appropriate therapeutic option for future studies, if administered properly. There is a need for a randomized controlled trial investigating in-hospital caffeine supplementation and the population that this would best serve.
Medication Use Patterns in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in California During the Pandemic.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused more than 118 million cases of COVID-19 and more than 2.6 million deaths worldwide.1 To evaluate the use of potential therapeutic options—including dexamethasone, remdesivir, enoxaparin, heparin, colchicine, hydrocortisone, tocilizumab, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, and medication classes of angiotensin-2 converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)2—we measured daily and overall use percentages over the course of 2020 for hospitalized patients.
Forgetting of competing solutions as a consequence of analogical problem-solving attempts.

Three experiments used a paradigm based on Retrieval-Induced Forgetting research to test for the competition from non-useful sources of information in cross-domain analogical transfer. This was acc...
Penile prostheses

Penile prostheses represent the most often used approach to the surgical management of impotence. These devices can be classified into semirigid and inflatable types. The advantages and disadvantages of each type as well as a description of their construction are provided here. Appropriate images are provided to illustrate the components of the various devices available.
Bayesian Inference in Spatial Stochastic Volatility Models: An Application to House Price Returns in Chicago

In this study, we propose a spatial stochastic volatility model in which the latent log-volatility terms follow a spatial autoregressive process. Though there is no spatial correlation in the outcome equation (the mean equation), the spatial autoregressive process defined for the log-volatility terms introduces spatial dependence in the outcome equation. To introduce a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation algorithm, we transform the model so that the outcome equation takes the form of log-squared terms. We approximate the distribution of the log-squared error terms in the outcome equation with a finite mixture of normal distributions so that the transformed model turns into a linear Gaussian state-space model. Our simulation results indicate that the Bayesian estimator has satisfactory finite sample properties. We investigate the practical usefulness of our proposed model and estimation method by using the price returns of residential properties in the broader Chicago Metropolitan area.