cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Object oriented design pattern decay: a taxonomy

Software designs decay over time. While most studies focus on decay at the system level, this research studies design decay on well understood micro architectures, design patterns. Formal definitions of design patterns provide a homogeneous foundation that can be used to measure deviations as pattern realizations evolve. Empirical studies have shown modular grime to be a significant contributor to design pattern decay. Modular grime is observed when increases in the coupling of design pattern classes occur in ways unintended by the original designer. Further research is necessary to formally categorize distinct forms of modular grime. We identify three properties of coupling relationships that are used to classify subsets of modular grime. A taxonomy is presented which uses these properties to group modular grime into six disjoint categories. Illustrative examples of grime build-up are provided to demonstrate the taxonomy. A pilot study is used to validate the taxonomy and provide initial empirical evidence of the proposed classification.
Raising the Levels of Modular Representations

Let l be a prime number, and let F be an algebraic closure of the prime field F l. Suppose that $$\rho :Gal(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q}) \to GL(2,\mathbb{F})$$ is an irreducible (continuous) representation. We say that ρ is modular of level N, for an integer N≥ 1, if ρ arises from cusp forms of weight 2 and trivial character on Γ0(N).
Vitamin A and Its Derivatives Induce Hepatic Glycine N-Methyltransferase and Hypomethylation of DNA in Rats

Regulation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and the SAM/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio by the key cytosolic enzyme glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is essential in optimizing methyl group supply and subsequent functioning of methyltransferase enzymes. Therefore, inappropriate activation of GNMT may lead to the loss of methyl groups vital for many SAM-dependent transmethylation reactions. Previously, we demonstrated that the retinoid derivatives 13-cis- (CRA) and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) mediated both the activity of GNMT and its abundance. The present study was conducted to determine whether vitamin A had a similar ability to up-regulate GNMT and to assess the biological importance of GNMT modulation by examining both the transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways after retinoid treatment. Rats were fed a control (10% casein + 0.3% L-methionine) diet and orally given retinyl palmitate (RP), CRA, ATRA or vehicle daily for 10 d. RP, CRA and ATRA elevated hepatic GNMT activity 32, 74 and 124%, respectively, compared with the control group. Moreover, the retinoid-mediated changes in GNMT activity were reflected in GNMT abundance (38, 89 and 107% increases for RP-, CRA-, and ATRA-treated rats, respectively). In addition, hepatic DNA, a substrate for SAM-dependent transmethylation, was hypomethylated (approximately 100%) after ATRA treatment compared with the control group. In contrast, the transsulfuration product glutathione was unaffected by retinoid treatment. These results provide evidence of the following: 1) vitamin A, like its retinoic acid derivatives, can induce enzymatically active GNMT; and 2) inappropriate induction of GNMT can lead to a biologically important loss of methyl groups and the subsequent impairment of essential transmethylation processes.
Measurements of Variability of Low Mass X-ray Binary Candidates in the Early-Type Galaxy NGC 4697 from Multi-Epoch Chandra X-ray Observations

Multi-epoch Chandra X-ray observations of nearby massive early-type galaxies open up the study of an important regime of low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) behavior — long term variability. In a companion paper, we report on the detection of 158 X-ray sources down to a detection/completeness limit of 0.6/1.4× 10 37 ergs s -1 using five Chandraobservations of NGC 4697, one of the nearest (11.3 Mpc), optically luminous (MB < -20), elliptical (E6) galaxy. In this paper, we report on the varia bility of LMXB candidates measured on timescales from seconds to years. At timescales of seconds to hours, we detect five sources with significant variability. Approximately 7% of sources show variability between any two observations, and 16± 4% of sources do not have a constant luminosity over all five observations. Among variable sources, we identify eleven transient candidates, with which we estimate that if all LMXBs in NGC 4697 are long-term transients then they are on for � 100 yr and have a 7% duty cycle. These numbers are consistent with those found for brighter LMXBs in M87 and NGC 1399, which suggests that there does not appear to be a measurable difference between the outburst durations of long-term transient neutron star LMXBs and black hole LMXBs. We discuss in detail a transient supersoft source, whose properties are not easi ly explained by standard explanations for supersoft sources. Subject headings: binaries: close — galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD — galaxies: star clusters — globular clusters: general — X-rays: binaries — X-rays: galaxies
CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A BRYOFLORA OF CALIFORNIA III. KEYS AND ANNOTATED SPECIES CATALOGUE FOR LIVERWORTS AND HORNWORTS

ABSTRACT Keys are provided to 54 genera, 142 species, 6 infraspecific taxa, and 3 undescribed species of California liverworts and hornworts within 33 families. In addition, 3 genera and 16 species previously reported have been excluded from the California bryoflora. The keys emphasize gametophytic characters. Annotated comments for each species focus on what to look for and how to separate it from species with similar morphology. The worldwide and California distribution of each species is provided.
Opposite-polarity voltage generator by hole impact ionization in a silicon bipolar transistor

A single n-p-n transistor was used to generate a negative voltage at the collector terminal when a positive voltage was applied to the emitter relative to its grounded base. It is believed that this effect was a result of hole impact ionization at field E approximately=0 at the band-edge energy maximum in the base-collector junction, and some of the electrons so created diffused and drifted to the collector, thus accounting for the otherwise unexpected negative collector potential. Possible applications of this effect are given. >
Mode-coupling theory of shear and sound relaxation in viscous supercooled liquids.

A generalized mode-coupling theory of shear and ultrasonic relaxation in viscous supercooled molecular liquids is presented. The theory is based on ideas recently proposed to describe dynamical properties of dense simple liquids and then extended by several authors to discuss the glass transition in such systems. The mode-coupling theory naturally involves a continuum of relaxation times leading to a nonexponential decay of the response to mechanical shear and compressional disturbances. The theory provides a good fit of shear and ultrasound data in supercooled molecular liquids over the entire relaxation region.
Nicotine interactions with dopamine agonists: Effects on working memory function

Nicotine has been found to improve memory performance in a variety of tests including the radial-arm maze. Nicotine may have effects mediated by promoting the release of dopamine. The present study was conducted to determine the interactions of nicotine with D1 and D2 agonists. Rats were acutely administered nicotine, the D1 agonist SKF 38393, and D2/D3 agonist quinpirole, and nicotine together with each of these agonists. Nicotine significantly improved choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze. The D1 agonist SKF 38393 significantly impaired choice accuracy. Nicotine was effective in reversing this effect. The D2/D3 agonist quinpirole showed a trend toward potentiating the improvement in choice accuracy caused by 0.2 mg/kg (0.43 μmol/kg) of nicotine. These data show that, as with the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine, there are significant interactions of dopamine systems with nicotine effects. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efficient spatiotemporal grouping using the Nystrom method

Spectral graph theoretic methods have recently shown great promise for the problem of image segmentation, but due to the computational demands, applications of such methods to spatiotemporal data have been slow to appear For even a short video sequence, the set of all pairwise voxel similarities is a huge quantity of data: one second of a 256/spl times/384 sequence captured at 30 Hz entails on the order of 10/sup 13/ pairwise similarities. The contribution of this paper is a method that substantially reduces the computational requirements of grouping algorithms based on spectral partitioning, making it feasible to apply them to very large spatiotemporal grouping problems. Our approach is based on a technique for the numerical solution of eigenfunction problems known as the Nystrom method This method allows extrapolation of the complete grouping solution using only a small number of "typical" samples. In doing so, we successfully exploit the fact that there are far fewer coherent groups in an image sequence than pixels.
Improvability of serial production lines: Theory and applications

A production system is called improvable if limited resources involved in its operation can be redistributed in such a manner that a performance index is improved. The production systems considered in this work are the serial machining and assembly lines with unreliable machines and finite buffers. The limited resources involved are the total work-in-process (WIP) and the workforce (WF). The performance index addressed is the throughput. It is shown that the system is unimprovable with respect to the WF if and the only if each buffer is on the average half full. The system is unimprovable with respect to WIP and WF simultaneously if and only if the above holds and, in addition, each machine has equal probability of blockage and starvation. Thus, in a well designed system each buffer should be mostly half full and each machine should be starved and blocked with equal frequency.
Non-consumptive predator effects on a primary greenhouse pest: Predatory mite harassment reduces western flower thrips abundance and plant damage

Abstract Prey react to the presence of predators in suite of ways that reduce predation risk, but may also negatively affect fitness. Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators on prey are likely important components of biological control and moderators of plant damage in agricultural systems. Yet, few studies have investigated their effects in crops relying on augmentative release of natural enemies for protection. Here, we investigated NCEs of the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris on a non-prey life stage of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), one of the most damaging pest of greenhouse crops in the world. Second instar thrips were exposed to 2 adult female mites on a leaf disk for 24 h. Over a 20 min observation period, we saw a 22% reduction in thrips feeding behavior in the presence of predatory mites compared to thrips alone. Thrips feeding was often interrupted by attempted mite attacks, which averaged 4 attacks per thrips over 20 min. After 24 h, this reduced leaf damage by 51% in the predator treatment compared to the control. This result held true in experiments on whole plants, with damage reduced by 38% in the presence of mites. No significant reduction in feeding activity or damage was observed when larval thrips were exposed to non-predatory mites, conspecifics, or leaves which had previously held large numbers of predatory mites. The presence of mites did not alter thrips development time or final adult size. However, survival to adulthood was decreased by 54–78% in the presence of mites, suggesting a lack of nutritional reserves necessary to complete development. This study demonstrates that NCEs of predatory mites can induce a trophic cascade by reducing pest feeding and fitness. Such beneficial effects of natural enemies are often overlooked in simple predation and efficacy studies.
SYSTEMATIZING RESEARCH FINDINGS ON COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

If it is reasonable to think of collective behavior and social movement (CBSM) studies as the production, organization, and cumulation of research findings, why are there so few efforts to carry out the second and third of these tasks, those of organizing and cumulating findings? One answer is that very few CBSM scholars in fact think in such terms. Instead, many if not most order CBSM in terms of other principles and these principles compete among themselves and with the goals of systematizing and cumulating research findings. In this article, I explain six of these competing principles and contrast them with the goal of systematizing research findings. I then explain four strategic and six operational decisions faced by anyone who does want to organize and cumulate CBSM research.
Salter osteotomy in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

Background Femoral head containment in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) can be either surgical or nonsurgical. The Salter or innominate osteotomy is a common method of surgical containment. This is a review of the technique and results of this osteotomy in LCPD. Methods The operative technique is relatively simple but requires considerable experience to perform correctly. It can be used alone or in combination with a proximal femoral varus osteotomy. The indications for a Salter osteotomy are essentially the same as in any form of containment treatment in LCPD. This includes: age at clinical onset of 6 to 10 years (perhaps, 5 y in female), more than one-half capital femoral epiphyseal involvement (Catterall groups III or IV, Salter-Thompson group B, and lateral pillar groups B, B/C, and C), and a good range of hip motion before surgery. The osteotomy alone is usually indicated for younger children with recent clinical onset and no femoral head deformity or subluxation. The combined procedure is better suited for older children and those with subluxation or a deformed femoral head. Results Currently, the results of treatment are best determined at skeletal maturity using the Stulberg et al classification. When used alone, approximately 90% to 95% of the involved hips will have achieved a Stulberg et al class I, II, or III result. When combined with a proximal femoral varus osteotomy, the results are somewhat less because of the older age at onset and/or the presence of a deformed hip. Conclusions The Salter osteotomy in LCPD is an effective method of surgical treatment that can alter the natural history of the disease process. The main advantage of this osteotomy is its effect on femoral head remodeling during remaining growth.
Optimal Feedback Controlled Assembly of Perfect Crystals.

Perfectly ordered states are targets in diverse molecular to microscale systems involving, for example, atomic clusters, protein folding, protein crystallization, nanoparticle superlattices, and colloidal crystals. However, there is no obvious approach to control the assembly of perfectly ordered global free energy minimum structures; near-equilibrium assembly is impractically slow, and faster out-of-equilibrium processes generally terminate in defective states. Here, we demonstrate the rapid and robust assembly of perfect crystals by navigating kinetic bottlenecks using closed-loop control of electric field mediated crystallization of colloidal particles. An optimal policy is computed with dynamic programming using a reaction coordinate based dynamic model. By tracking real-time stochastic particle configurations and adjusting applied fields via feedback, the evolution of unassembled particles is guided through polycrystalline states into single domain crystals. This approach to controlling the assembly ...
Is love in the air or at first sight? Mate finding cues used by sympatric male velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

Mate finding has been examined in a wide range of hymenopteran families, with the greatest knowledge from social species and parasitoids used in pest management. Velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) provide a unique system to study mate finding because short-lived flying males must find solitary, wingless females that have spatially and temporally dispersed emergence. Based on limited field observations, it is thought that male velvet ants may use visual, chemical, and vibratory cues for mate finding, though there have been no controlled experiments to test these hypotheses. Using choice experiments, this study aims to determine the role of visual and airborne chemical cues used in female detection by three sympatric species of Dasymutilla males. We find that visual cues are not used for initial female detection and that airborne chemicals are sufficient for female detection. We also discover that males readily approach females of different species, indicating airborne chemicals are not used for species recognition. Despite the lack of discrimination by males, we determined that the sympatric, morphologically similar species show no genetic introgression, and therefore some other isolating mechanism must be at play after males make initial contact with the females.
Diverse Human Skin Fungal Communities in Children Converge in Adulthood

Understanding the skin mycobiome (fungal communities) is important because both commensal and pathogenic fungi can drive cutaneous disease depending on host status and body sites, including the scalp, feet, and groin. Interestingly, age may also affect skin fungal infections as certain dermatophytoses (i.e., tinea capitis) are more frequent in children than adults. We previously described the skin mycobiomes in healthy adults, showing lipophilic fungi Malassezia predominate in most skin sites. Because children have less sebaceous skin before puberty, we compared the fungal communities of primary clinical samples from healthy children and adults, based on sequencing of a fungal phylogenetic marker. Although Malassezia predominated on the trunk, head, and arm skin of adults (age 18–39), children (age Malassezia globosa predominated in children. Collectively, our findings indicate that prepubertal skin is colonized by diverse fungi, whereas adult skin is predominantly obligatory lipophilic Malassezi a, suggesting that fungal communities on skin profoundly shift during puberty. Mycobiome shifts during puberty are likely due to alterations in sebaceous gland activation and sebum composition. This study provides a foundational framework for studies investigating interactions between fungi, skin, and pediatric dermatophytosis.
Liner Collapse Line of Linear Shaped Charges

ABSTRACTDue to the laterally elongated shape of linear shaped charges (LSCs), LSCs form a unique line of collapse during detonation. This is because the two flat liners gradually collapse upon detonation and form a line-shaped collapse location followed by the formation of jet. This is different from conical shaped charges (CSCs) where a single point of collapse exists. The liner collapse line (LCL) represents the unique line of liner collapse during the operation of LSCs and provides a way to understand the operation of LSCs and the flight pattern of the jet after collapse. In this context, the typical characteristics of LCL are studied by building an analytical expression regarding the configuration of LCL based on the arc deformation of the LSC liner prior to collapse, and the analytical solution is then compared with a hydrocode simulation to study its feasibility. In addition, two different LCLs from 2,000 and 1,200 gpf LSCs are compared to expand its applicability. All analyses provide somewhat favo...
Predicting Equity Crises, Critical Exponents, and Earthquakes - II

We present further encouraging evidence for the Critical Exponent Earthquake Crisis (CEEC) Model that gives the probabilities of equity crises one year in advance. The CEEC model uses suitable precursor signals and is agnostic regarding dynamical origins of crises. The precursors accumulate in time between crises, like precursors to some earthquakes. The model uses a sophisticated noise filter to separate out crisis signals. The main metric is the anomalous exponent of an equity series describing the difference of the data variance scaling exponent from the Brownian variance scaling exponent of 1. No extra non-equity variables are used. The CEEC Model results for predicting crises are not perfect, but are much better than chance, including out-of-sample tests. The details here supplement our previous CEEC crisis paper (2013). In another paper (2016) we give details showing that various markets - not just equities - that are already in crisis are on the average described by a critical exponent of the nonlinear-diffusion Reggeon Field Theory (RFT), calculated in 1974, with no free parameters. Nonlinear diffusion naturally extends Brownian motion. Rich/cheap crisis behavior is suggested as a paradigm. This supplements our previous CEEC crisis paper (2013). The CEEC Model crisis predictions use the same scaling form described by the anomalous exponent as does the RFT. This consistency for crisis predictions and crisis behavior is significant.
Institutional entrepreneurship and the negotiation and blending of multiple logics in the Southern Arizona local food system

In this paper, we explore the entrepreneurial leadership strategies and routine work of actors located across a diverse array of organizational settings (i.e., farmers’ markets, community farms, community-supported agriculture programs, food and seed banks, local food print media) that combine to shape and sustain the Southern Arizona (AZ) local food system (LFS). We use the theoretical principles of institutional entrepreneurship and logic multiplicity to show how the strategies and routine work of local food actors at the organizational level combine to negotiate system-level meaning and structure within and across the Southern AZ LFS, which is an otherwise seemingly fragmented and contentious social space. We illustrate how the entrepreneurial work performed within multiple organizations and organizational types converge to form a hybrid (or blended) local food logic. Implications are discussed and recommendations for practice are proposed.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Associated Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is closely associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although there is a clear genetic association between PSC and IBD, the underlying pathogenesis linking these diseases remains unclear. Many studies describe PSC-associated IBD (PSC-IBD) as a distinct phenotype characterized by extensive colitis with predominantly right colon inflammation and rectal sparing as well as a dramatically increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The prevention and management of unfavorable outcomes related to colonic dysplasia are key aspects to the care of patients with PSC-IBD. Additional challenges are posed by the management of IBD in the setting of liver transplantation. In summary, PSC-IBD is a common occurrence among PSC patients that presents distinct diagnostic, prognostic, and management issues with additional unique considerations in the posttransplant setting.
Resistance to FLT3 Inhibitors

Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations within the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) are the most common mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and lead to activated signaling through multiple pro-survival pathways. Clinically, FLT3-ITD mutations confer an increased risk of relapse and diminished overall survival. Clinical responses to monotherapy with first generation type I small molecule FLT3 inhibitors (midostaurin, lestaurtinib) were lackluster due to the lack of potency and pharmacokinetic profiles inadequate for sustained FLT3 inhibition. Treatment response rates have improved with more potent and selective second generation FLT3 inhibitors such as quizartinib, but pre-clinically predicted on-target secondary kinase domain (KD) mutations have arisen as the most common mechanism of clinical resistance, commonly at the gatekeeper F691 and D835 activation loop residues in the FLT3 KD. The highly selective, next generation type I FLT3 inhibitor crenolanib appears less vulnerable to KD mutations in vitro, but whole exome and ultra-deep sequencing of patients with progressive disease on crenolanib have found multiple “off-target” mutations in other genes including SF3B1, ASXL1, STAG2, and mediators in the RAS pathway. Off target mutation of the cell cycle regulator CCND3 leading to cyclin D3 overexpression and cell proliferation was also identified in patients with lack of response to the second-generation type II inhibitor PLX3397. Relapse remains a major problem for patients treated with FLT3 inhibitors. Further detailed characterization of both on and off-target resistance mechanisms will be needed to provide rationale for combination therapy that may improve clinical response rates and decrease risk of relapse.
Inhibition of Bacterial Histamine Production by Sorbate and other Antimicrobial Agents.

Potassium sorbate at a concentration of 0.5% inhibited growth and histamine production by selected strains of Proteus morganii and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a trypticase-soy broth fortified with histidine (TSBH medium). At 32°C, the inhibition was effective for up to 120 h of incubation; at 10°C, the inhibition was observed through 216 h of incubation. Sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium polyphosphate did not inhibit growth of these histamine-producing bacteria at 32°C, but did slow the rate of histamine production at the 2% level. The extent of reduction of bacterial histamine production by sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium polyphosphate was most pronounced for P. morganii . Sodium chloride at levels up to 2.0% was ineffective in preventing bacterial growth and histamine production.
Investigating the Impact of Acetone Vapor Smoothing on the Strength and Elongation of Printed ABS Parts

Acetone vapor smoothing is a chemical treatment that “melts” the surface of additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts. The process fuses layers together and allows them to reform when vapor is removed, resulting in a smooth surface finish. Although commonly used to improve aesthetics, recent work has begun to investigate the effects of vapor smoothing on part strength. Nevertheless, most of this work has failed to take into account the anisotropic nature of printed parts. Prior research has shown that vapor smoothing reduces strength under best-case loading conditions, when the tensile load is parallel with the direction of the layers. In this article, the authors hypothesize that vapor smoothing may increase strength under nonoptimal loading conditions as a result of increased cohesion between layers and a reduction in stress concentrations. They use a design of experiments approach to identify the combined impact of printing and vapor smoothing parameters on part material properties.
Financial Reporting Regulation and Financing Decisions

We study the influence of a major reform in financial reporting regulation on financing and capital structure decisions. Across a battery of tests, we document an increase in the issuance of external financing around the new regulation. Further, firms make different leverage decisions around the new regulation depending on their ex-ante debt capacity, and use their access to external financing to rebalance their capital structure. Our results are accentuated across firms facing higher adverse selection costs and in countries with stronger institutions. Our findings highlight the importance of financial reporting regulation in explaining financing as well as capital structure policies and provide insights into which firms are more likely to benefit from it.
Mixture Effect on the Dilatation Rheology of Asphaltenes-Laden Interfaces.

Asphaltenes are a solubility class of crude oils comprising polyaromatic and heterocyclic molecules with different interfacial activities. The previously neglected effects of compositional mixture on dilatational rheology are discussed in the light of diffusional relaxation models. It is demonstrated that the reported deviations from the Lucassen–van den Tempel model for a single-component solution could largely originate from a distribution in adsorption coefficients within the asphaltenes class. This particularly applies to the peculiar gel point rheology previously ascribed to asphaltenes cross-linking at the interface. Furthermore, an extensive bibliographical review shows that asphaltenes dilatational rheology data always verify the main features of diffusional relaxation, including a decrease in modulus at high bulk concentrations and phase shift values always lower than 45°. Using diffusional relaxation concepts, the reanalysis of the most extensive dataset so far confirmed recently published studi...
Corrigendum to ‘Diffusion of water-soluble sorptive drugs in HEMA/MAA hydrogels’ [J. Control. Release, 239, (October 10, 2016), 242–248]

Author(s): Liu, DE; Dursch, TJ; Taylor, NO; Chan, SY; Bregante, DT; Radke, CJ | Abstract: The authors regret that the following errors were made in the Appendix of this article. The factor of 2 on the right side of Eq. (A3) should be replaced by unity, and the right side of Eq. (A4) should be multiplied by 8/π2. Please see correct equations below - The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Team sugar: Blood glucose screening in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients during induction.

57Background: Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) protocols currently include steroids during induction therapy, which may lead to hyperglycemia. Published pediatric and adult leukemia data demonstrate increased rates of infection and mortality associated with hyperglycemia. Presently, there are no accepted recommendations for how to track blood glucose (BG) levels, so hyperglycemia may go undetected. A random review of 20 patients diagnosed with ALL during a 4-month period in 2014 at Texas Children’s Cancer Center (TXCCC) demonstrated that only 40% had BG checked throughout induction. The SMART aim of this quality improvement project was to increase BG screening rates to > 95% during first week of treatment and induction days 8, 15, 22 and 29 for patients with newly diagnosed ALL at TXCCC in a 15-month period. Methods: PDSA cycle 1 involved sticker reminders on treatment roadmaps by days that required a BG check. PDSA cycle 2 entailed reminder flyers in patient care areas and no further roadmap ...
C-Myb Controls Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence and Differentiation Via Regulation of p57Kip2

Abstract 3878 A seminal feature of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is quiescence. We recently described a mutation of the transcription factor c-Myb, M303V that leads to thrombocytosis and a ten-fold increase HSC number. Here we report that increased HSC number in c-Myb M303V mice results from increased cycling of long-term and short-term HSC. Analysis of cell cycle genes revealed a decrease in the cell cycle inhibitor p57 kip2 (Cdkn1c), a gene expressed in long-term but not short-term HSC. Mechanistic studies reveal that c-Myb binds and activates the p57 promoter and this capacity is diminished by the c-Myb M303V mutation. Restoration of p57 in c-Myb M303V HSC prevents thrombocytosis and shRNA mediated reduction of p57 in HSC followed by transplantation leads to enhanced numbers of HSC. These data highlight c-Myb and p57 as key regulators of HSC quiescence and differentiation. Disclosures: Cooke: Novartis: Employment. Sutton: Novartis: Employment. Parker: Novartis: Employment.
Intraocular Delivery of miR-146 Inhibits Diabetes-Induced Retinal Functional Defects in Diabetic Rat Model.

Purpose Previously, we showed that microRNA-146 (miR-146) is a pivotal negative feedback regulator of multiple nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation pathways in retinal endothelial cells (RECs). We hypothesized that miR-146 plays an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR) by inhibiting diabetes-induced inflammatory response in the retina. The purpose of the current study is to test this hypothesis in vivo. Methods Lentiviruses expressing rno-miR-146a, lenti-miR-146a, and negative control oligonucleotide with scrambled sequence, lenti-miR-neg ctl, were produced. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin ([STZ] 65 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. One week after diabetes, animals were injected with lentivirus intravitreally (4 μl, ∼106 CFU/mL). Three months after diabetes, retinal microvascular leakage was tested by Evans blue assay; retinal function by electroretinogram (ERG). Total RNA and protein lysate were isolated from the retina for quantitative (q)RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Results Lenti-miR-146a robustly transduced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and increased the expression of miR-146a in vitro. In vivo, intravitreal injection of lenti-miR-146a increased the expression of miR-146a in the retina, while its key downstream target genes, including CARD10, IRAK1, and TRAF6, were downregulated. Intravitreal delivery of miR-146 inhibited diabetes-induced upregulation of NF-κB downstream gene, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1), as well as microvascular leakage and retinal functional defects. Conclusions Intravitreal delivery of miR-146 inhibited diabetes-induced NF-κB activation and retinal microvascular and neuronal functional defects in a diabetic rat model.
Information-Theoretic Compressive Sensing Kernel Optimization and Bayesian Cramér–Rao Bound for Time Delay Estimation

With the adoption of arbitrary and increasingly wideband signals, the design of modern radar systems continues to be limited by analog-to-digital converter technology and data throughput bottlenecks. Meanwhile, compressive sensing (CS) promises to reduce sampling rates below the Nyquist rate for some applications by constraining the set of possible signals. In many practical applications, detailed prior knowledge on the signals of interest can be learned from training data, existing track information, and/or other sources, which can be used to design better compressive measurement kernels. In this paper, we use an information-theoretic approach to optimize CS kernels for time delay estimation. The measurements are modeled via a Gaussian mixture model by discretizing the a priori probability distribution of the time delay. The optimal CS kernel that approximately maximizes the Shannon mutual information between the measurements and the time delay is then found by a gradient-based search. Furthermore, we also derive the Bayesian Cramer–Rao bound (CRB) for time delay estimation as a function of the CS kernel. In numerical simulations, we compare the performance of the proposed optimal sensing kernels to random projections and the Bayesian CRB. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique for sensing kernel optimization can significantly improve performance, which is consistent with the Bayesian CRB versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, we use the Bayesian CRB expressions and simulation results to make conclusions about the usefulness of CS in radar applications. Specifically, we discuss CS SNR loss versus resolution improvement in SNR- and resolution-limited scenarios.
Probabilistic inference of ecohydrological parameters using observations from point to satellite scales

Abstract. Vegetation controls on soil moisture dynamics are challenging to measure and translate into scale- and site-specific ecohydrological parameters for simple soil water balance models. We hypothesize that empirical probability density functions (pdfs) of relative soil moisture or soil saturation encode sufficient information to determine these ecohydrological parameters. Further, these parameters can be estimated through inverse modeling of the analytical equation for soil saturation pdfs, derived from the commonly used stochastic soil water balance framework. We developed a generalizable Bayesian inference framework to estimate ecohydrological parameters consistent with empirical soil saturation pdfs derived from observations at point, footprint, and satellite scales. We applied the inference method to four sites with different land cover and climate assuming (i) an annual rainfall pattern and (ii) a wet season rainfall pattern with a dry season of negligible rainfall. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies of the analytical model's fit to soil observations ranged from 0.89 to 0.99. The coefficient of variation of posterior parameter distributions ranged from 1 to 15 %. The parameter identifiability was not significantly improved in the more complex seasonal model; however, small differences in parameter values indicate that the annual model may have absorbed dry season dynamics. Parameter estimates were most constrained for scales and locations at which soil water dynamics are more sensitive to the fitted ecohydrological parameters of interest. In these cases, model inversion converged more slowly but ultimately provided better goodness of fit and lower uncertainty. Results were robust using as few as 100 daily observations randomly sampled from the full records, demonstrating the advantage of analyzing soil saturation pdfs instead of time series to estimate ecohydrological parameters from sparse records. Our work combines modeling and empirical approaches in ecohydrology and provides a simple framework to obtain scale- and site-specific analytical descriptions of soil moisture dynamics consistent with soil moisture observations.
A Learning Framework for Control-Oriented Modeling of Buildings

Buildings consume almost 40\% of energy in the US. In order to optimize the operation of buildings, models that describe the relationship between energy consumption and control knobs such as set-points with high predictive capability are required. Data driven modeling techniques have been investigated to a somewhat limited extent for optimizing the operation and control of buildings. In this context, deep learning techniques such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) hold promise, empowered by advanced computational capabilities and big data opportunities. This paper investigates the use of deep learning for modeling the power consumption of building heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. A preliminary analysis of the performance of the methodology for different architectures is conducted. Results show that the proposed methodology outperforms other data driven modeling techniques significantly.
Relation of BMI and weight suppression to eating pathology in undergraduates

Abstract Weight suppression (WS), the difference in one's highest and current adult weight excluding pregnancy, is associated with eating disorder (ED) symptom onset and maintenance. There is increasing evidence that WS is related to ED symptoms in non-clinical samples, but there are no known studies examining the interaction of WS and current body mass index (BMI) in this group. History of overweight is common in those with EDs, and higher weight status often delays identification and treatment. This study examined the interaction of WS and current BMI on body dissatisfaction and eating pathology in undergraduate men and women. Undergraduates (N = 476) completed online surveys assessing current height and weight, weight history, and eating attitudes and behaviors. In women (n = 333), both BMI and WS were positively associated with body dissatisfaction, restraint, and global ED symptoms. In men (n = 143), there were no significant associations with BMI, but WS was related to greater body dissatisfaction, restraint, global ED symptoms, and loss-of-control eating. Moderation analyses revealed that the effect of current BMI on shape concern (p = .005), weight concern (p = .002), global ED symptoms (p = .01), and purging behaviors (p = .04) in women and restraint (p = .03) in men weakened at the highest levels of WS. Results suggest that WS is salient in a non-clinical sample and underscore the need to evaluate both weight history and the presence of disordered eating in individuals across the BMI spectrum.
Antimicrobial Use in Surgical Intensive Care

Intensive care has evolved over its 50-year history to yield previously unimaginable recovery from major trauma, multi-organ system failure, and extensive surgery, including organ transplantation. Antimicrobial therapy plays an essential role in combating invasive infections in the intensive care population that are often the ultimate causes of death. However, a parallel evolution of antimicrobial compensation has occurred, engendering resistance and virulence mechanisms to circumvent each new antimicrobial agent. The surgical intensive care unit provides the ultimate microcosm of antimicrobial resistance selection, combining complex and severe underlying illness with invasive devices, bypassed defenses, compromised tissues, and proximity to other high-risk patients, all in one intimate environment. New resistance mechanisms may be introduced from referring institutions or can emerge in response to treatments, and then may spread to others within or outside the ICU. Multidrug-resistant organisms have become a dominant issue in modern health care; a strategic response is essential to short- and long-term success.
Eigenschaften der Kristallbauelemente

Unter der Annahme der kugelformigen Gestalt werden die Grosen der Atome bzw. Ionen durch ihre Radien charakterisiert. Wenn wir zunachst roh die Radien aller bekannten Atome vergleichen, so sehen wir, das sie zwischen etwa 1 A (1 A = 10−8 cm) und 3 A variieren, also nur im Verhaltnis 1:3. Da die Atome nicht starr sind, so konnen die Radien je nach dem Zustand der Atome bzw. je nach der Bindungsart sehr verschieden sein. Wir unterscheiden demnach die Radien der VAN DER Waalsschen Bindung, der Metallbindung, der kovalenten Bindung und der lonenbindung. Bezuglich der Definition der verschiedenen Bindungsarten sei nochmals auf S. 22 hingewiesen. Nur wenige Elemente konnen in verschiedenen Bindungsarten auftreten. Wie weit sich der Radius andern kann sehen wir am folgenden Beispiel.
The Medical History and Symptoms of Heart Disease

The medical history and physical examination provide the most fundamental information regarding personal health and the need for specific medical care. It is the purpose of this chapter, first, to restate and underscore the objective of the taking of a medical history in general, and then to consider the nature of complaints that may be associated with cardiovascular disease in the adult patient. Specific symptom profiles and presentations are best discussed in association with specific clinical entities, including the chapters on ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. Symptoms related to congenital malformations with associated cardiac lesions, including “failure to thrive,” cyanosis, and heart failure in the neonate will not be considered in this chapter. The principal symptoms are summarized in tables, followed by a short comment on general issues. The onset and severity of a principal complaint may dominate the initial history taking, and relief of distressing symptoms becomes a first priority. However, it is then essential to return to obtain a complete and comprehensive medical and cardiac history. Because of the overall primacy of atherosclerosis (1,2) as a cause of vascular and heart disease, specific inquiries must be made to include a risk evaluation for atherosclerosis, not only for the coronary arteries but also for the aorta and its principal branches. (The factors currently deemed most important are listed in Table 1.) Gender offers no specific protection, as heart disease is the most frequent cause of death in women although later in life than men. Women are equally prone to congenital and rheumatic heart disease, arrythmias, and the less common diseases such as cardiac tumor.
Boolean Trade Networks

Long ago, Myrdal wrote that trade could have backwash effects in economic development as well as spread effects. Here is a sketch of one possible backwash effect: suppose that learning by doing is an important element of regional economic growth. Some regions get a head start in production in industries with relatively great learning effects, and through that experience, gain higher productivity in them. As a result, those regions have a short-run comparative advantage in exporting products of learning-intensive industries, while other regions specialize in industries with less intense learning effects, and thus fail to gain the experience that might raise their productivity in learning-intensive industries. This in turn increases the comparative advantage of the original leaders, and reinforces the difference in specialization, a self-reinforcing process tending to create differences in real income between the regions. On the other hand, an even more venerable tradition holds that trade will mitigate inequality among regions, in that the improvement in the allocation of resources resulting from trade means that the poorer region has more resources to apply toward whatever activities promote growth.
Project SWEAT (Summer Weight and Environmental Assessment Trial): study protocol of an observational study using a multistate, prospective design that examines the weight gain trajectory among a racially and ethnically diverse convenience sample of economically disadvantaged school-age children.

Introduction Racial/ethnic minority school-age children are at risk for unhealthy weight gain during the summer, and there is a dearth of information regarding the underlying behavioural and environmental factors. The study objective is to provide an in-depth examination of dietary and physical activity behaviours and food, physical activity, and social environments of African American and Hispanic school-age children during the summer. Methods and analysis An observational study will be conducted using a multistate (Ohio and Indiana, USA) prospective design examining the weight gain trajectory among a racially/ethnically diverse convenience sample of economically disadvantaged school-age children. In addition, a subset of these children will be evaluated to learn their daily health behaviours and food, physical activity, and social environments during the summer. Comparisons will be made between children who routinely attend programming and those who do not, both in the larger sample and subset. Determinants of programme participation and factors that may enhance the beneficial effects of programme participation will also be identified. Data collection at the Indiana site is planned for summer 2018. Ethics and dissemination This study is approved by The Ohio State University Behavioral and Social Sciences Institutional Review Board. Results from this study will be disseminated in publications for practitioners, scientists and stakeholders. Trial registration number NCT03010644; Pre-results.
The positive side of organizational politics.

To many, the word politics is viewed with disdain, conjuring up visions of shady behavior that is manipulative, divisive, and exclusively self-serving. In just one of countless examples, Mencken noted that “a good politician is quite as unthinkable as an honest burglar.” Vocational and public policy researchers corroborate society’s increasingly negative opinions by documenting politicians’ status as one of the least trusted occupations (Bottery, 2003; Grint, 2005; Hay, 2007). Noting their treacherous status, Qvortrup (2009) argued that “alongside car salesmen and lobbyists, politicians are probably the least trusted profession” (p. 63). Finally, Stoker (2010) advocated for research in social politics despite the fact that it represents “a subject matter that many of our fellow citizens assert to despise” (p. 43).
Non-cystic Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis: Diagnosis of a Hitherto Undescribed Pattern.

A case of sclerosing polycystic adenosis without cysts is described. The lesion occurred as a painless slow growing superficial right parotid lump in a 47 years old woman. The tumor measured 14 × 10 mm and displayed extreme well circumscription, sclerotic stroma with scattered hyaline nodules, sprinkling of mononuclear inflammatory cells and islands of mature fat. The epithelial component was predominantly composed of tubules lined by low columnar to cuboidal epithelium with bland nuclear features. Only focal incomplete acinar differentiation with few cells containing small eosinophilic granules was present. The stroma contained a significant fibromyxoid component with increased cellularity. There was no recurrence on follow-up at 14 months.