cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for Estimating Number of Glitches and Dynamic Power in CMOS Circuits with Delay Variations

Dynamic power dissipation of a CMOS VLSI circuit depends on the signal activity at gate outputs. The activity includes the steady-state logic transitions as well as glitches. The latter are a function of gate delays, which, for modern VLSI circuits, have wide process-related variations. Both average and peak power dissipation are useful and are traditionally estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. This is expensive and the accuracy, especially for peak power,depends upon the number of circuit delay samples that are simulated. We present an alternative. We use zero-delay simulation of a vector pair to determine the steady-state logic activity. We derive linear-time algorithms that, using delay bounds for gates, determine the maximum, minimum and average number of transitions that each gate output can produce. From this information, we estimate the average and peak energy consumed by each vector pair in a given vector set. For a set of random vectors applied to c7552 circuit, our analysis determined the per-vector energy consumption as 82.2 picojoules average and 196.3 picojoules peak. In comparison, Monte Carlo simulation of 1,000 circuit samples gave 82.8 picojoules average and 146.1 picojoules peak. The discrepancy of the peak consumption will reduce if more samples were simulated in the Monte Carlo method. Even with 1,000 samples the CPU time of the Monte Carlo analysis was three orders of magnitude greater than the alternative method we offer in this paper.
Linear feedback shift register design using cyclic codes

A design technique is given for linear-feedback shift registers (LFSR) that generate test patterns for pseudoexhaustive testing of networks with restricted output dependency. This technique is based on cyclic code theory. Examples indicate that LFSRs based on cyclic codes are easier to implement and have lower hardware overhead than LFSRs that use other linear codes. >
Novel Porous Sheets Made Directly from Acrylonitrile or Polyvinyl Alcohol

Dilute aqueous solutions of acrylonitrile and polyvinyl alcohol were frozen in sheet form. Ionizing radiation from a cobalt-60 source was used to achieve polymerization in a network of voids between ice crystals. Dosages were 5 to 64 megarads for acrylonitrile at -100°C and 1 to 25 megarads for polyvinyl alcohol at -20°C. Subsequent to thawing and evaporation, stable fabric-like webs were obtained.
Dynamic racking tests of curtain wall glass elements with in‐plane and out‐of‐plane motions

This project was conducted to investigate the breakage and fallout behaviour of various types of architectural glass elements in a dry-glazed curtain wall system under in-plane and out-of-plane dynamic motions. The project was a follow-up to an earlier project that focused exclusively on in-plane dynamic racking performance of curtain wall glass elements. The recent data indicated that adding out-of-plane motions caused significantly higher amounts of glass breakage and subsequent glass fallout in most glass types that were found during the in-plane tests to be prone to glass fallout. Specifically, 1/4 in (6 mm) annealed monolithic glass, 1/4 in annealed monolithic glass with a 0·004 in (0·10 mm) PET film (not anchored to the mullions), and 7/16 in (11 mm) fully tempered laminated glass exhibited comparable or higher fallout rates than the already substantial fallout rates that were observed during the in-plane only racking tests. Unanchored window film was found to be ineffective in resisting post-breakage glass fallout under dynamic racking motions. In contrast, 1/4 in (6 mm) annealed laminated glass and 7/16 in (11 mm) heat-strengthened laminated glass exhibited no glass fallout during the out-of-plane tests, just as they exhibited no fallout during the in-plane tests. Out-of-plane test results also showed that 3/8 in (10 mm) heat-strengthened monolithic glass exhibited no fallout, while 3/8 in annealed monolithic glass exhibited very negligible glass fallout. The addition of torsional motions was not found to induce glass fallout in those glass types that resisted glass fallout in previous tests performed without torsional motions.
Radar image understanding for complex space objects

A system for identifying complex space objects from a sequence of wideband radar images is presented in this paper. The system is referred to as the Complex Space Object Recognition System (CSORS) and uses a data-driven approach to object recognition. The input to the system is a time sequence of range/Doppler radar images of an object in orbit as the object passes overhead. The system first processes the individual images to improve the signal-to-noise-ratio and then further processes each image to derive a set of features. The sequence of feature sets for each pass of the object is then processed to produce a three-dimensional wireframe of the object. Finally, a symbolic model representing the object is generated from the wireframe. This model is matched against a library of models and appended to the library if a match is not found.
Promoting adherence to an electronic home spirometry research program after lung transplantation.

Summary Adherence with any long-term treatment or research protocol is a challenge; this has been found to be the case with lung transplant recipients participating in an electronic home spirometry research program. Because the purpose of the current study is to develop a system for detecting early infection and rejection in lung transplant recipients, regular transmission of data by subjects to the research data center is imperative to the success of the study. Various adherence-promoting strategies have been developed by the research team to increase subject adherence with the program. An increased adherence rate has been reported after implementation of these various strategies, yet work remains to promote continually regular participation in the program by all subjects. It remains a challenge for the research team to devise creative and effective strategies for increasing adherence to regular spirometer use to provide data to develop a computerized system for detecting early infection and rejection of transplanted lung tissue.
Efficient object sharing in quantum-based real-time systems

We consider the problem of implementing shared objects in uniprocessor and multiprocessor real-time systems in which tasks are executed using a scheduling quantum. In most quantum-based systems, the size of the quantum is quite large in comparison to the length of an object call. As a result, most object calls can be expected to execute without preemption. A good object-sharing scheme should optimize for this expected case, while achieving low overhead when preemptions do occur. In this paper, we present several new shared-object algorithms for uniprocessors and multiprocessors that were designed based upon this principle. We also present scheduling analysis results that can be used in conjunction with these algorithms.
Zone of Injury of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament After Acute Patellar Dislocation in Children and Adolescents

Background: Patellar dislocation is a common traumatic injury in the pediatric and adolescent population. The primary constraint to lateral subluxation and dislocation of the patella is the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), which serves to resist lateral translation of the patella. Injury to the MPFL may predispose to recurrent dislocation but the anatomic site of injury is poorly characterized in children and adolescents.Purpose: The authors addressed 2 questions: (1) What is the zone of injury to the MPFL in a pediatric/adolescent population after primary patellar dislocation? (2) What is the location of the femoral attachment of the MPFL with respect to the growth plate?Study Design: Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2.Methods: Patients were eligible if they were ≤18 years of age and suffered a recent patellar dislocation characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of high T2-signal intensity in the lateral femoral condyle. Patients were excluded if they had a history of...
Weaning readiness and fluid balance in older critically ill surgical patients.

• BACKGROUND Few studies address predictors for successful weaning of older adults from mechanical ventilation. • OBJECTIVE To develop a clinical profile of older patients who are successfully weaned from long-term mechanical ventilation. • METHODS Forty patients in the trauma and surgical intensive care unit who were at least 60 years old were enrolled in the study after 3 days of active weaning and were monitored daily until successfully weaned or until the end of the 14-day study. Hemodynamic and gas exchange variables, fluid balance, oxygen cost of breathing, and scores on the Burns Weaning Assessment Program were analyzed. • RESULTS Compared with patients who were not weaned, successfully weaned patients required mechanical ventilation for 5.3 days, started active weaning earlier (mean 10.7 vs 14.5 days, P = .04), had lower mean negative daily fluid balances in the beginning (-0.394 vs 1.107 L, P = .004), and had lower mean net cumulative fluid balances (6.856 vs 16.212 L) at the time of enrollment. They also maintained both a lower mean net cumulative fluid balance (10.753 vs 25.049 L, P = .02) and a negative daily fluid balance (-0.389 vs 1.904 L, P = .03) throughout. Their mean central venous pressure decreased over time and was significantly lower (P < .001). • CONCLUSION Persistent positive fluid balance in older surgical patients is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Estimates of fluid balance might be useful in weaning older patients from longterm mechanical ventilation. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2005;14:54-64)
Plate fixation in closed ipsilateral multiple metacarpal fractures

Closed multiple metacarpal fractures are uncommon. They are usually associated with significant soft tissue swelling. Early stable fixation and functional rehabilitation optimises outcome. We present a review of 19 patients with 43 metacarpal fractures treated by early open reduction and internal fixation with 2 mm plates. Eighteen patients recovered a full range of motion, while one patient was lost to follow-up. Implant removal on account of extensor irritation was required in only two metacarpals in two patients. Plating of multiple closed metacarpal fractures is a safe, reliable and consistently reproducible treatment method.
Estimating household purchase rates for consumer nondurable goods

Understanding the purchase rates of households for frequently purchased packaged goods is an important element in developing effective marketing strategies. Previous researchers have attempted to estimate these rates by assuming that the time between purchases is a random variable that follows some common parametric probability distribution such as the exponential or Weibull distribution. Recent research has shown that for many frequently purchased packaged goods, the interpurchase times cannot be adequately described by these commonly used probability distributions. In this study we demonstrate how household purchase rates can be estimated in a robust manner using a generalized semiparametric approach that obviates the need for specifying a parametric form for the distribution of interpurchase times. The motivation being that often there is no theory of household purchase behaviour that specifies a priori the probability distribution underlying the interpurchase times. Our empirical results indicate that, for the data analysed, the household purchase rates exhibit a regular pattern that cannot be recovered by probability distributions often used in previous research. Further, marketing actions taken by sellers do indeed influence household purchase behaviour.
Reducing Test Application Time Through Test Data Mutation Encoding

In this paper we propose a new compression algorithm geared to reduce the time needed to test scan-based designs. Our scheme compresses the test vector set by encoding the bits that need to be flipped in the current test data slice in order to obtain the mutated subsequent test data slice. Exploitation of the overlap in the encoded data by effective traversal search algorithms results in drastic overall compression. The technique we propose can be utilized as not only a stand-alone technique but also can be utilized on test data already compressed, extracting even further compression. The performance of the algorithm is mathematically analyzed and its merits experimentally confirmed on the larger examples of the ISCAS '89 benchmark circuits.
Exact solution to the inverse kinematics problem of a standard 6‐axis robot manipulator

Presented are four sets of exact solutions for the vector of the joint angles {θi} pertaining to the inverse kinematics problem of a standard 6-axis robot manipulator with two different kinds of gripper configurations. Here a standard 6-axis robot is meant to be a general computer-controlled revolute robot with base, shoulder, elbow, wrist pitch, wrist yaw, wrist roll, and gripping action. Explicit solutions are obtained using Denavit-Hartenberg homogeneous transformations. Furthermore, the inverse solutions are examined by means of a direct kinematic computer program.
Enhanced Life-Role Participation in Response to Comprehensive Gait Training in Chronic-Stroke Survivors

Purpose: Intensive gait training can produce improvements in gait and function (> 6 months after stroke); findings are mixed for enhanced life role participation. Therefore, it is unclear if improved gait and function translate into life role participation gain. Our objective was to evaluate whether intensive gait therapy can produce significant improvements in life role participation for chronic stroke survivors. Methods: In conjunction with a clinical gait training trial, we conducted a secondary analysis for a 44-member cohort with stroke (>6 months). Gait training interventions included exercise, body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT), over-ground gait training, and functional electrical stimulation (FES) for 1.5 h/day, 4 days/wk for 12 weeks. Study measures included Tinetti Gait (TG) (gait impairment), Functional Independence Measure (FIM, function), Stroke Impact Scale Subscale of Life Role Participation (SISpart), and Craig Handicap Assessment & Reporting Technique (CHART, life-role parti...
Boron nitride nanotube reinforced polylactide–polycaprolactone copolymer composite: Mechanical properties and cytocompatibility with osteoblasts and macrophages in vitro

Biodegradable polylactide-polycaprolactone copolymer (PLC) has been reinforced with 0, 2 and 5wt.% boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) for orthopedic scaffold application. Elastic modulus of the PLC-5wt.% BNNT composite, evaluated through nanoindentation technique, shows a 1370% increase. The same amount of BNNT addition to PLC enhances the tensile strength by 109%, without any adverse effect on the ductility up to 240% elongation. Interactions of the osteoblasts and macrophages with bare BNNTs prove them to be non-cytotoxic. PLC-BNNT composites displayed increased osteoblast cell viability as compared to the PLC matrix. The addition of BNNTs also resulted in an increase in the expression levels of the Runx2 gene, the main regulator of osteoblast differentiation. These results indicate that BNNT is a potential reinforcement for composites for orthopedic applications.
Is Biofix Necessary for Predicting Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Emergence in Washington State Apple Orchards?

Abstract The heat-driven phenology model used for initiating codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), management in Washington state was examined to determine the need for using the capture of the first moth as a method of synchronizing the model and phenology of field populations (=biofix). We examined trap catch data taken at 1–2-d intervals from two research orchards; one data set encompassed a 28-yr period and the other data set a 4-yr period. We also examined consultant-collected data taken at 7–10-d intervals from 15 sites (N = 81), mostly between 2001 and 2005. At the two research sites, we found the mean biofix occurred at 96 degree-days (DD) (DD Celsius by using 10°C lower threshold and 31.1°C horizontal upper threshold) after 1 January (SD = 14.4; min. = 68, max = 122). After correcting for longer sampling intervals in the consultant data set, the biofix at the nonresearch sites occurred at 97 DD (N = 50, SD = 14.4; min. = 74, max = 120), nearly identical to that at the res...
Mapping geoelectric fields during magnetic storms: Synthetic analysis of empirical United States impedances

Empirical impedance tensors obtained from EarthScope magnetotelluric data at sites distributed across the midwestern United States are used to examine the feasibility of mapping magnetic storm induction of geoelectric fields. With these tensors, in order to isolate the effects of Earth conductivity structure, we perform a synthetic analysis—calculating geoelectric field variations induced by a geomagnetic field that is geographically uniform but varying sinusoidally with a chosen set of oscillation frequencies that are characteristic of magnetic storm variations. For north-south oriented geomagnetic oscillations at a period of T0=100 s, induced geoelectric field vectors show substantial geographically distributed differences in amplitude (approximately a factor of 100), direction (up to 130∘), and phase (over a quarter wavelength). These differences are the result of three-dimensional Earth conductivity structure, and they highlight a shortcoming of one-dimensional conductivity models (and other synthetic models not derived from direct geophysical measurement) that are used in the evaluation of storm time geoelectric hazards for the electric power grid industry. A hypothetical extremely intense magnetic storm having 500 nT amplitude at T0=100 s would induce geoelectric fields with an average amplitude across the midwestern United States of about 2.71 V/km, but with a representative site-to-site range of 0.15 V/km to 16.77 V/km. Significant improvement in the evaluation of such hazards will require detailed knowledge of the Earth's interior three-dimensional conductivity structure.
Spatial Language and the Embedded Listener Model in Parents' Input to Children.

Language is a collaborative act: To communicate successfully, speakers must generate utterances that are not only semantically valid but also sensitive to the knowledge state of the listener. Such sensitivity could reflect the use of an "embedded listener model," where speakers choose utterances on the basis of an internal model of the listener's conceptual and linguistic knowledge. In this study, we ask whether parents' spatial descriptions incorporate an embedded listener model that reflects their children's understanding of spatial relations and spatial terms. Adults described the positions of targets in spatial arrays to their children or to the adult experimenter. Arrays were designed so that targets could not be identified unless spatial relationships within the array were encoded and described. Parents of 3-4-year-old children encoded relationships in ways that were well-matched to their children's level of spatial language. These encodings differed from those of the same relationships in speech to the adult experimenter (Experiment 1). In contrast, parents of individuals with severe spatial impairments (Williams syndrome) did not show clear evidence of sensitivity to their children's level of spatial language (Experiment 2). The results provide evidence for an embedded listener model in the domain of spatial language and indicate conditions under which the ability to model listener knowledge may be more challenging.
Trends in the outcomes of end-stage renal disease secondary to human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy

Background Little is known about the trends in the incidence and outcomes of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) attributed to human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). We sought to define relative incidence among ESRD patients, changes in mortality among patients with ESRD attributed to HIVAN, as well as changes in the excess mortality experienced by patients with ESRD attributed to HIVAN compared with otherwise similar ESRD patients with non-HIVAN causes. Methods We used the US Renal Data System to identify all individuals with reported HIVAN who initiated treatment for ESRD between 1989 and 2011. We plotted their counts and proportions among all incident ESRD patients and tabulated their characteristics across years. We then compared mortality within the HIVAN group across years using Cox regression. In addition, we studied the trends in relative mortality of HIVAN patients versus those with ESRD not reported as HIVAN. Results Overall, 14 719 individuals with HIVAN-ESRD were recorded, with significant reductions in recent years (893 in 2006; 525 in 2011). Compared with patients initiating dialysis between 1989 and 1992, mortality declined by 40% (HR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.55-0.65) and 64% (HR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.32-0.40) for patients initiating dialysis in 1999/2000 and 2009-11, respectively. The adjusted excess mortality of HIVAN-ESRD patients versus incident ESRD patients from other causes was >5-fold in 1989-92 (HR = 5.21; 95% CI, 4.84-5.60); this excess mortality has subsequently declined but remained at almost 3-fold in recent years (e.g. HR = 2.58; 95% CI, 2.37-2.80, 2009-11 incidence cohort). Conclusions Concurrent with the increasing availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), both the incidence of ESRD due to HIVAN and the mortality of such patients have decreased substantially. However, HIVAN patients reaching ESRD continue to experience substantial excess mortality compared with other ESRD patients even in the current era of modern HAART.
Information-feed pathways in biological systems as evidence for occurrence of non-natural stimulus-functional response pairing

This paper explores a possible underlying tenet of classical information-feed pathways (feedback and feedforward) as seen in metabolism and signaling in biological systems. We intend to determine whether information-feed pathways derive from spatial and temporal overlap of event occurrences involving connection points of the information-feed loop. We shall revisit three known and established biological phenomena involving information-feed, in an attempt to deduce the principles governing such phenomena. We propose that such principles involve anticipatory associations.
Optimal co-scheduling of HVAC control and battery management for energy-efficient buildings considering state-of-health degradation

The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system accounts for half of the energy consumption of a typical building. Additionally, the need for HVAC changes over hours and days as does the electric energy price. Level of comfort of the building occupants is, however, a primary concern, which tends to overwrite pricing. Dynamic HVAC control under a dynamic energy pricing model while meeting an acceptable level of occupants' comfort is thus critical to achieving energy efficiency in buildings in a sustainable manner. Finally, there is the possibility that the building is equipped with some renewable source of power such as solar panels mounted on the rooftop. The presence of a battery energy storage system in a target building would enable peak power shaving by adopting a suitable charge and discharge schedule for the battery, while simultaneously meeting building energy efficiency and user satisfaction. Achieving this goal requires detailed information (or predictions) about the amount of local power generation from the renewable source plus the power consumption load of the building. This paper addresses the coscheduling problem of HVAC control and battery management to achieve energy-efficient buildings, while also accounting for the degradation of the battery state-of-health during charging and discharging operations (which in turn determines the amortized cost of owning and utilizing a battery storage system)aącc A time-of-use dynamic pricing scenario is assumed and various energy loss components are considered including power dissipation in the power conversion circuitry as well as the rate capacity effect in the battery. A global optimization framework targeting the entire billing cycle is presented and an adaptive co-scheduling algorithm is provided to dynamically update the optimal HVAC air flow control and the battery charging/discharging decision in each time slot during the billing cycle to mitigate the prediction error of unknown parameters. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves up to 15% in the total electric utility cost reduction compared with some baseline methods.
Ta-Si-N and Si3N4 Encapsulants for InP

Thin films of sputtered, amorphous Ta36Si14N50 (a metallic conductor) and Si3N4 (an insulator) were evaluated as encapsulants for (100)-oriented InP substrates. Thicknesses of both films were approximately 100 nm. During a 15 min annealing in Ar, liberated phosphorus was gettered by a ISiO2ITa(100 nm) collector placed face-to-face on encapsulated or non-encapsulated InP. The stability of the InP with the encapsulant was characterized by backscattering spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. As measured by 4He++ backscattering spectrometry, detectable amounts of phosphorus do not arise in the Ta collectors for the Ta-Si-N and Si3N4 encapsulation schemes until 650 and 700°C, respectively. Failure of the Ta36Si14N50 film is catastrophic at 700°C whereas the Si3N4 film degrades locally commencing at 600°C.
The Pathogenic Potential of Mycoplasmas: Mycoplasma pulmonis as a Model

For years the ubiquity of Mycoplasma pulmonis in rodents overshadowed its pathogenic potential. Its etiologic significance in murine chronic respiratory disease was established only by recognition of the delicate equilibrium between organism and host. Environmental factors and genetic predisposition of the host rather than microbial virulence are the critical determinants of disease. The prevalence of M. pulmonis is undoubtedly related to the recently demonstrated in utero transmission and the ability of the organism to colonize and produce disease in the genital tract. The etiologic significance of Ureaplasma urealyticum in human genitourinary disease, like its murine counterpart, has been surrounded by controversy. Recent studies indicate that only a subgroup of colonized individuals develop clinical manifestations of disease, ranging from infertility to fetal wastage. While the natural occurrence of both respiratory and genital mycoplasmoses seriously restricts the usefulness of rats and mice for other research purposes, they represent useful models fo the study of human disease. The recognized morphologic similarities and similar natural histories of chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and emphysema in humans and of M. pulmonis respiratory disease in rats and mice make the latter a particularly useful model for study of the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary inflammation. At the same time, murine genital mycoplasmosis represents one of the few naturally occurring genital tract diseases in laboratory animals and therefore makes an attractive model for elucidating those subtle host-parasite interactions that predispose to genital disease and subsequent reproductive failure.
Simple synthetic route to manganese-containing nanowires with the spinel crystal structure

Abstract This report describes a new route to synthesize single-crystalline manganese-containing spinel nanowires (NWs) by a two-step hydrothermal and solid-state synthesis. Interestingly, a nanowire or nanorod morphology is maintained during conversion from MnO2/MnOOH to CuMn2O4/Mg2MnO4, despite the massive structural rearrangement this must involve. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of the products give preliminary demonstration that CuMn2O4 NWs are catalytically active towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution, exhibiting five times the magnitude of current density found with pure carbon black.
Automatic Measurement Software and Its Error for YIG-tuned Band-pass Filter

Based on the analysis of parameter definition standard on YIG-tuned band-pass filter, measurement software is programmed and the using method is described. Typical measurement result is given, and the measuring error is analysized. It shows that the measurement result is exact and reliable, and the operation is fast and convenient.
Effect of Thyroidectomy on Adrenal Weight in Adult Male Rats

Summary1. Although thyroidectomized adult male rats, having reached a “plateau” in their growth curves, exhibit a small difference in body weight when compared with controls, there is no significan...
An analysis of the quaternion attitude determination filter

The full-quaternion attitude determination filter is analyzed to address questions of co-variance singularity and quaternion normalization. It is shown how nonsingularity of the covariance in the extended Kaiman filter depends on the initial covariance, the process noise matrix, and implementation details of the filter. The covariance of a normalized quaternion estimate and the various means to achieve normalization are examined. The effect of a quaternion measurement update on the covariance and on the norm of the estimated quaternion is analyzed. It is also shown that the multiplicative and additive quaternion updates are equivalent. These are distinguished from an update called “rotational,” which was proven elsewhere to be the constrained maximum-likelihood optimal update. It is demonstrated that the reduced-order body-referenced attitude determination filter is embedded in the full-quaternion filter.
Gaming-the-System

Even good people get tempted. The basic truism about any financial system is that’s its about money; and the truth about money is that there will always be people to cheat, to steal it. Money is the repository of wealth and what better to steal—than money? This is why financial systems must be regulated. Financial systems are temptations to theft and corruption, which do not contribute to the public good due to a lack of proper regulation. We saw in the model of the international financial grid that abuse of financial integrity is deep, widespread, and costly to the public good. We conclude this book with examining cases of theft—individual corruption and institutional corruption—the case of Libor in the twenty-first century and the case of the South Sea Bubble in the eighteenth century.
Chemosensitivity testing with cis-platinum(II) diamminedichloride. II. Preliminary experience in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix.

Abstract Nineteen previously untreated patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were given a test dose of cis -platinum(II) diamminedichloride (DDP) prior to treatment with radiotherapy or initial surgery. Two patients who had failed radiation therapy were also tested. Histologic and cytologic characteristics in sequential cervical biopsies and clinical response were employed to determine sensitivity of tumor to platinum and to identify the patient who would most benefit from systemic platinum chemotherapy. No serious side effects were encountered. Standard treatment could be administered without unexpected toxicities or delay.
Longitudinal follow up of dysglycemia in overweight and obese pediatric patients

Objective To examine factors related to progression of dysglycemia in overweight and obese youth in a large primary care setting. Research design and methods 10- to 18-year-old youth with body mass index (BMI) > 85 percentile and first-time A1c 5.7%-7.9% (39-63 mmol/mol) were identified retrospectively through electronic medical records (EMR). Levels of dysglycemia were defined as low-range prediabetes (LRPD; A1c 5.7%-5.9% [39-41 mmol/mol]), high-range prediabetes (HRPD; A1c 6.0%-6.4% [42-46 mmol/mol]), or diabetes-range (A1c 6.5%-7.9% [48 mmol/mol]). Follow-up A1c and BMI were extracted from the EMR. Follow up was truncated at the time of initiation of diabetes medication. Results Of 11 000 youth, 547 were identified with baseline dysglycemia (mean age 14.5 ± 2.2 years, 70% Hispanic, 23% non-Hispanic Black, 7% other). Of these, 206 had LRPD, 282 HRPD, and 59 diabetes. Follow-up A1c was available in 420 (77%), with median follow up of 12-22 months depending on A1c category. At follow-up testing, the percent with diabetes-range A1c was 4% in youth with baseline LRPD, 8% in youth with baseline HRPD, and 33% in youth with baseline diabetes-range A1c. There was a linear association between BMI increase and worsening A1c for LRPD (P < .001) and HRPD (P = .003). Conclusions Most adolescents with an initial prediabetes or diabetes-range A1c did not have a diabetes-range A1c on follow up. Moreover, prediabetes-range A1c values do not all convey equal risk for the development of diabetes, with lower rates of progression for youth with initial A1c <6%. In youth with prediabetes-range A1c, BMI stabilization was associated with improvement of glycemia.
Extending Moore’s Law via Computationally Error-Tolerant Computing

Dennard scaling has ended. Lowering the voltage supply (Vdd) to sub-volt levels causes intermittent losses in signal integrity, rendering further scaling (down) no longer acceptable as a means to lower the power required by a processor core. However, it is possible to correct the occasional errors caused due to lower Vdd in an efficient manner and effectively lower power. By deploying the right amount and kind of redundancy, we can strike a balance between overhead incurred in achieving reliability and energy savings realized by permitting lower Vdd. One promising approach is the Redundant Residue Number System (RRNS) representation. Unlike other error correcting codes, RRNS has the important property of being closed under addition, subtraction and multiplication, thus enabling computational error correction at a fraction of an overhead compared to conventional approaches. We use the RRNS scheme to design a Computationally-Redundant, Energy-Efficient core, including the microarchitecture, Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) and RRNS centered algorithms. From the simulation results, this RRNS system can reduce the energy-delay-product by about 3× for multiplication intensive workloads and by about 2× in general, when compared to a non-error-correcting binary core.
Unattended sensor using deep machine learning techniques for rapid response applications

The ability for sensing platforms to collect data intermittently in various settings has been explored extensively. However, many existing solutions are not intelligent and cannot be implemented in real-time. This paper addresses the need for a near real-time, low-cost intelligent autonomous unattended sensors (AAUS) integrating an interchangeable a mobile radiation sensor, with the ability to transmit actionable information to a base station. We address this through discussion of current technologies, our implementations, and experiments as well as a complete pipeline for future frameworks. Our method continuously listens for specific frequencies with the ability measure radiation counts, implements onboard audio classification via machine learning methods, and transmits the results requested. This technique utilizes existing hardware for data management and machine learning algorithms for classification, such as an inexpensive single board computer, a Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and a bgeigie Nano radiation sensor. Our approach performs a real-time Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) continuously in an environment and calculates whether the frequency is within the range of interest. If correct, the sound is recorded, and a pre-trained ANN, fine-tuned on specific data will classify the recorded sound. Depending on the requested information the node will either transmit radiation counts or the classification of the audio input. However, the transmission of audio will only occur if the degree of certainty is above a threshold value. The onboard shallow ANN implentation in this paper experiences an overall classification of 64%.
Packaging for Bio-micro-electro-mechanical Systems (BioMEMS) and Microfluidic Chips

In the last two decades, fundamental and application-driven research on microfluidics and bio-micro-electro-mechanical systems (BioMEMS) has flourished in academia and industries and has begun to make impact on medicine and biosciences. Packaging of these systems is an integral if not critical part of the device/system design and function. Because the applications and the designs of the chips are wide ranging, it is difficult to achieve a universal packaging scheme that meets the requirements of all applications. Instead, research and manufacturing practices of each type of biochip have come up with specialty techniques. This chapter will review these techniques in the specific contexts of the chip applications, as well as materials requirements. In addition, we will highlight common and advanced practices and point out research needs in these areas.
Geometric Construction of Quillen Line Bundles

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First we want to develop further and more systematically a cohomology theory adapted to holomorphic vector bundles with hermitian metrics, which in low degrees was introduced in joint work with McLaughlin [Br-ML2] [Br-ML3]Second we pursue cohomological and geometric definitions of the Quillen metric on determinant line bundles.
Aspect and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts

This chapter is devoted to the perfect and the progressive, and their relevance to the semantics of free adjuncts.
Modeling and Control of STATCOMs

This chapter addresses modeling and control of the STATCOM and associated power system. Component and system level models of the STATCOM appropriate to objectives are covered. Distinction is made between control objectives on the basis of time scale. For some objectives quasi steady state modeling, where electrical network can be modeled with phasors, is sufficient, while for others, the dynamics of electrical network elements have to be considered on an instantaneous basis. The main control requirements and benefits of STATCOMs in transmission and distribution applications for which quasi steady state analysis suffices are presented in brief. Sub-cycle modeling and control is emphasized since quasi steady state applications will be covered in greater detail in other chapters. Dynamic models of the STATCOM and the local distribution system suited for sub-cycle control are derived. The models include transformation to a particular rotating frame that allows clear definition of voltage and current magnitudes, and active and reactive power on an instantaneous basis. Based on the models, linear and nonlinear control techniques for the control objective of voltage regulation at a load point are covered in detail. Simulation results are included for representative system parameters.
The Reducing Side of Photosystem I: Role of Ferredoxin Reducing Substance (FRS)

The nature of the strong reductant formed first by illuminated chloroplasts has been the subject of extensive research during the past decade or so. Because of its universal occurrence in algal and plant tissue, its central position in the photoreduction of NADP, nitrite, oxygen and mammalian cytochrome c (SAN PIETRO 1968), and its low oxidation- reduction potential (TAGAWA & ANRON 1962), it was hypothesized (ARNON 1968) that ferredoxin serves as the primary electron acceptor for photosystem I. Starting some six years ago, the experimental results from several laboratories raised serious doubts regarding its primacy on the reducing side of photosystem I. These data will be reviewed only in brief in this report.
Predicting response to clozapine: Status of current research

Clozapine, the prototype for the new generation of atypical antipsychotics, has demonstrated efficacy in treating schizophrenia, particularly in patients with symptoms that are refractory to traditional antipsychotics. Unfortunately, clozapine is associated with agranulocytosis in a small but significant minority of patients. Reliable predictors of response, whether therapeutic or adverse, to clozapine would assist clinicians in using this drug more effectively.
“The Best Read Naturalist”: Nature Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson

In “The Best Read Naturalist.” Nature Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Michael P. Branch and Clinton Mohs have brought together Emerson's best-known writings with a selection of his lesser-known se...
Draft Genome Sequence of Marine Bacillus sp. Strain ISO11, a Candidate Finfish and Shellfish Probiotic.

ABSTRACT Bacillus sp. strain ISO11, a Bacillus cereus clade member isolated from the intestinal tract of Fundulus heteroclitus, possesses potential probiotic and antibacterial activity against Vibrio sp. pathogens. Antibacterial activity is likely due to production of microcin and a zwittermicin A-like aminopolyol. The genome sequence will assist in identifying additional related processes.
Development of an integrated palliative and supportive care service within an academic cancer center.

99Background: Timely incorporation of palliative services with chemotherapy treatment has become a new standard of care for oncology patients based on evidence-driven national clinical practice guidelines. However, best practices for service integration are not known, particularly for small academic centers. In our 224 bed university hospital, we hypothesized that advertisement, responsiveness to needs and service integration would result in increased utilization of palliative and supportive care. We report the process of developing our Integrated Model of Care. Methods: The program began with a 1.0 FTE APRN boarded as a FNP and certified as an advanced hospice and palliative nurse. The goal was to identify opportunities for her integration within the outpatient cancer center. A needs-assessment survey was sent to medical oncology faculty with the following items: proposed change in service name, care areas of greatest need, limitations to providing palliative care, additional growth opportunities. The In...
The Private Security Events Database

Since the 1990s, the private provision of military and security services has become a common feature of local, national, and transnational politics. The prevalence of private security has generated...
High-viscosity injector-based pink-beam serial crystallography of microcrystals at a synchrotron radiation source

Since the first successful serial crystallography (SX) experiment at a synchrotron radiation source, the popularity of this approach has continued to grow showing that third-generation synchrotrons can be viable alternatives to scarce X-ray free-electron laser sources. Synchrotron radiation flux may be increased ∼100 times by a moderate increase in the bandwidth (`pink beam' conditions) at some cost to data analysis complexity. Here, we report the first high-viscosity injector-based pink-beam SX experiments. The structures of proteinase K (PK) and A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) were determined to resolutions of 1.8 and 4.2 A using 4 and 24 consecutive 100 ps X-ray pulse exposures, respectively. Strong PK data were processed using existing Laue approaches, while weaker A2AAR data required an alternative data-processing strategy. This demonstration of the feasibility presents new opportunities for time-resolved experiments with microcrystals to study structural changes in real time at pink-beam synchrotron beamlines worldwide.
Computational insights into the molecular mechanisms of differentiated allosteric modulation at the mu opioid receptor by structurally similar bitopic modulators

Targeting the mu opioid receptor (MOR) by applying orthosteric ligands is the most frequently employed method to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Unfortunately, most of MOR orthosteric ligands produce severe side effects, mainly due to their low selectivity over other opioid receptors. In contrast, some G protein-coupled receptor allosteric modulators have been reported to exhibit high subtype selectivity and can effectively modulate the potency and/or efficacy of orthosteric ligands. Recently, NAQ and its analog NCQ were identified as novel MOR bitopic modulators. Interestingly, NAQ and NCQ were similar in structure but exhibited different efficacy profiles to the MOR. NAQ exhibited an antagonism activity to the MOR while NCQ showed a partial agonism activity to the MOR. In the present study, molecular modeling methods were applied to explore the putative molecular mechanisms of their different functional profiles to the MOR. When NAQ binding with the inactive MOR, the ‘address’ portion of NAQ interacted with the MOR allosteric site but showed no significant allosteric modulation of the efficacy of the ‘message’ portion of NAQ. However, when NCQ binding with the inactive and active MOR, the ‘address’ portion of NCQ seemed to be able to positively modulate the efficacy of the ‘message’ portion of NCQ at varying levels. Evidentially, the substituents at the 1′- and 4′-positions of the isoquinoline ring of NCQ seemed to play a critical role in the modulatory function of the ‘address’ portion of NCQ. These findings will be invaluable to develop our next generation of MOR bitopic modulators with high affinity and subtype selectivity to potentially treat OUD.
Chapter 6 – Leading From Below

Leadership is not confined to the named “leaders” at the top of an organization. In fact, with regard to many groups of professionals, particularly those who are highly trained with large responsibilities such as physicians, nurses, and other health professionals, it is safe to say that the knowledge, skills, and capabilities to lead are probably widely distributed even if they are not widely used. This chapter focuses on how to lead even when you are not the designated “leader.”
Insect pests and impact on late-season tomato in Arkansas.

The recent release of heat-tolerant tomato cultivars has resulted in increased interest in expanding fresh market tomato from historically early production to late summer and fall in Arkansas. Alth...
Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade Complicating Acute Pericarditis in a Human Metapneumovirus-Infected Adult: A Unique Case Report.

Acute pericarditis (AP), or pericardial sac inflammation, is a self-limited condition in healthy individuals. Viruses, including adenoviruses, enteroviruses, cytomegalovirus, and influenza virus, have been well documented to cause AP. In contrast, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a relatively newer virus, has been described in a few cases to cause serious cardiac complications. Here we report a patient who developed an imminent cardiac tamponade associated with hMVP respiratory infection.
Ireland in the European eye: edited by Gisela Holfter and Bettina Migge, Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 2019, xx + 515 pp., €25.00 (paperback), ISBN 9781911479024

In the early 1990s, the Republic of Ireland saw rapid economic growth that turned the country into one of the wealthiest ones in the world. The economic boom, more commonly known as the Celtic Tige...
Time- and Pressure-Dependent Gas Diffusion in a Nanoconfined Liquid Phase

Fundamentally understanding the gas–liquid interaction in a nanoenvironment is important in nanofluidics-based systems. Here, a systematically experimental study of the gas diffusion in a liquid ph...
Chapter Nineteen - Nonbinary Social Choice

Abstract Economists have used the term “nonbinary” to describe both choice functional nonbinariness (choice functions that cannot be rationalized as the maximizing outcome of a binary preference relation) and structural nonbinariness (the structure of the model dictates that pairs of alternatives do not belong to the domain of the social choice function). Here we have described necessary and sufficient conditions for oligarchy and dictatorship results in social choice models that are nonbinary in both senses.