cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A single-institution experience with induction and maintenance intravesical docetaxel in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer refractory to bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy.

OBJECTIVE To analyse the durability of response for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) refractory to bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy and treated with intravesical docetaxel in a combined induction and maintenance regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS A previous phase I trial showed docetaxel to be safe for intravesical therapy, with no systemic absorption and minimal toxicity after six weekly instillations for patients with BCG-refractory NMIBC. In that trial, docetaxel gave a 56% complete response (CR) rate at 12 weeks, but the durability was only 22%. Thus a second group of patients was treated with a 6-week induction and then given monthly maintenance therapy with intravesical docetaxel. Thirteen patients with BCG-refractory Ta, T1, or Tis transitional cell carcinoma were treated. Induction therapy was administered as six weekly intravesical instillations of 75 mg followed by single-dose monthly maintenance therapy for nine additional instillations in patients who had a CR. The initial response at 12 weeks from the start of induction therapy was evaluated by cystoscopy with biopsy, and urine cytology. The follow-up consisted of quarterly cystoscopy with biopsy and cytology, and periodic imaging. RESULTS The median follow-up was 13 months; 10 of 13 patients had a CR after induction, and six have remained disease-free during the follow-up. Of those in who the treatment failed, six had transurethral resection of the tumour and one a cystectomy. All 10 initial responders completed at least three instillations of maintenance therapy to date (median nine instillations), of whom six have remained recurrence-free. CONCLUSION Monthly maintenance therapy with intravesical docetaxel appears to extend the durability of response to induction treatment for a selected group of patients with BCG-refractory NMIBC, and might decrease the overall risk of recurrence in high-risk NMIBC.
Esterification of J chain and its effect on electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yields mobilities indicative of molecular weights of approximately 27 000 for human J chain and approximately 14 000 for nurse shark J chain, in contrast to values of approximately 15 500 and approximately 12 200, respectively, obtained by other methods. The relatively high content of acidic amino acids of human J chain as compared to nurse shark J chain suggested that the greater error in the sodium dodecyl sulfate determined molecular weight for human J chain may be due to a charge anomaly. The overall net negative charge on human J chain was decreased by forming methyl esters of the carboxyl groups, resulting in a sodium dodecyl sulfate determined molecular weight of approximately 17 700. Methylated nurse shark J chain did not show a significant difference in sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic mobility from the non-methylated form. These results form the basis for a possible explanation of an occasional artifact in a widely used analytical method.
Vegetation control for no-tillage corn planted into warm-season perennial species.

The success of no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.) planted into sod in the Southeast depends on control of warm-season perennials. Pre-emergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides were evaluated for control of warm-season perennial and annual species in no-tillage corn production. Vegetation spectrum differences at the various locations influenced both herbicide rate and timing of application required for 90% control by imazapyr {(±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid), imazethapyr [2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1 H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid}, glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid], or imazapyr + imazethapyr. Imazapyr controlled established bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.), johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) in all instances. Several herbicides were used in selected combinations for PRE and/or POST applications in discrete rate trials. These were imazapyr, imazethapyr, glufosinate, imazapyr + imazethapyr, paraquat (1, 1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ion), atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N 1 -(1-methyethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. The glufosinate-resistant corn hybrid in 1997 at Holly Springs, MS, with glyphosate PRE at 0.84 kg a.i. ha -1 followed by glufosinate POST (28 DAP) at 0.45 kg ha -1 produced a maximum yield of 10.2 Mg ha -1 . Results from this study indicate that vegetation can be controlled for corn production in untilled sod comprised of warm-season perennials when transgenic hybrids are grown.
Moulting Behaviour of Birgus latro

THE moulting behaviour of Birgus latro, the coconut or robber crab, has never been described even though this crab has been the subject of many observations. Weins1 reviewed these observations most recently, and Harms2 reviewed the older literature. Neither moulting nor the moulting behaviour is mentioned in these reports with the exception of a photograph of a recently moulted B. latro by Harms. Furthermore, in several years of observation of B. latro in the Marshall Islands, exuviae or freshly moulted crabs were never found although scores of burrows have been examined, often with the aid of local residents. Small individuals with a cephalothorax length of less than about 30 mm are relatively rarely found even when special efforts are made. Prof. Donald C. Matthews of the University of Hawaii has had similar experiences (personal communication, December 1962).
Structural and magnetic phase transitions in Mn-Ni alloys

When the Ni concentration exceeds about $18%,$ Mn-Ni alloys were expected to support two different noncollinear spin-density wave (SDW) phases. A triple-$Q$ SDW with moments along the crystal diagonals was believed to appear in the fcc phase between ${T}_{N}$ and ${T}_{t}.$ Below ${T}_{t},$ the fct phase with $cga$ was believed to contain a double-$Q$ SDW with moments in the $\mathrm{ab}$ plane and at $45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ angles from the crystal axes. Based on resistivity, neutron-scattering, and susceptibility measurements, we show that the structural and magnetic phase transitions in a ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}$ alloy with $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.20$ are actually distinct, with the structural phase transition at ${T}_{t}\ensuremath{\approx}250 \mathrm{K}$ lying far above the magnetic transition at ${T}_{m}\ensuremath{\approx}125 \mathrm{K}.$ A Hamiltonian which includes elastic, magnetoelastic, and noncollinearity energies is used to describe these two transitions. In the tetragonal phase between ${T}_{t}$ and ${T}_{m},$ our model predicts a new SDW phase with moments tilted away from the crystal diagonals toward the $\mathrm{ab}$ plane. The energy gap in the spin-wave spectrum is predicted to change discontinuously at ${T}_{m}.$
Slow light with large fractional delays by spectral hole-burning in rubidium vapor

We report on the experimental realization of large fractional pulse delays in a hot, Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor. A pump laser burns a deep spectral hole in the inhomogeneously broadened vapor. The delay is shown to be widely tunable by both power broadening the resonance and frequency modulating the pump laser. The simplicity of the scheme opens up the possibility for practical optical delays and buffers.
distal antenna and distal antenna-related function in the retinal determination network during eye development in Drosophila

Drosophila eye specification occurs through the activity of the retinal determination (RD) network, which includes the Eyeless (Ey), Eyes absent (Eya), Sine oculis (So) and Dachshund (Dac) transcription factors. Based on their abilities to transform antennal precursors towards an eye fate, the distal antenna (dan) and distal antenna-related (danr) genes encode two new RD factors. Dan and Danr are probable transcription factors localized in nuclei of eye precursors and differentiating eye tissue. Loss-of-function single and double dan/danr mutants have small, rough eyes, indicating a requirement for wild-type eye development. In addition, dan and danr participate in the transcriptional hierarchy that controls expression of RD genes, and Dan and Danr interact physically and genetically with Ey and Dac. Eye specification culminates in differentiation of ommatidia through the activities of the proneural gene atonal (ato) in the founding R8 photoreceptor and Egfr signaling in additional photoreceptors. Danr expression overlaps with Ato during R8 specification, and Dan and Danr regulate Ato expression and are required for normal R8 induction and differentiation. These data demonstrate a role for Dan and Danr in eye development and provide a link between eye specification and differentiation.
Assessing Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: Best Practices in Nursing Care

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to irreversible dementia. As the number of older adults increases, so will the incidence of AD. The purpose of this article is to offer information to nurse clinicians regarding the differential diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type, describe available assessment instruments, and review practice recommendations for treatment.
Cross-Generational Perspectives on Educational Issues: Curriculum Implications

AbstractSince schooling and literacy are integral to culture and society, it is important to understand peoples’ perceptions of conditions affecting literacy development and how conditions of schooling change across time. The focus of the research on which this article is based was examining such perceptions of people representing different generational and literacy levels. There was greater variation in response from a generational dimension than from a literacy dimension. The study points up the importance of identifying the many stakeholders in education and in making provision for them to influence school policy and curriculum decisions.
Mechanisms for Martensitic Transformations in A15 Superconductors

The lattice-variant-shear-theory (LVST) for martensitic transformations is applied to structural changes in A15 superconductors. The unique transformation is accomplished by two latticevariant shears and a volume change relaxation, with results similar to those for proper transitions in other compounds and alloys. The martensite is twinned with 90° domains and with habit planes inclined from (110) by 2.36° in V3Si and 0.12° in Nb3Sn. It is shown that the transitions are one-dimensional in origin because lattice dynamical constraints tend to maintain the mean field with second order kinetics; this allows self nucleation of microdomains at dissociated dislocations and gives rise to dynamical effects and anomalies at Tm and Tc. Die LVS-Theorie fur Martensitubergange wird auf Strukturanderungen in A15-Supraleitern angewendet. Der besondere Ubergang wird begleitet von zwei gittervarianten Scherungen und einer Volumenanderungsrelaxation, mit ahnlichen Ergebnissen wie fur korrekte Ubergange in anderen Verbindungen und Legierungen. Martensit hat Zwillingsbildung mit 90°-Domanen und mit Habitusebenen, die gegenuber (110) um 2,36° in V3Si und 0,12° in Nb3Sn geneigt sind. Es wird gezeigt, das die Ubergange ursprunglich eindimensional sind, da gitterdynamische Zwange das mittlere Feld mit Kinetik zweiter Ordnung aufrecht zu erhalten trachten, dies erlaubt die Selbstkeimbildung von Mikrodomanen an dissoziierten Versetzungen und gibt Anlas zu dynamischen Effekten und Anomalien bei Tm und Tc.
Intergovernmental ‘Deregulation’: Readings from the First Reagan Years:

Among the most important changes in federal domestic programs in the United States of America under the first two years of the Reagan Administration has been a reduction in federal regulation of state and local governments. Three strategies of deregulation have been utilized by the Administration: (1) removal of the federal government's possibilities for regulatory involvement by cutting social programs and by devolving program responsibilities to the states; (2) reduction of federal regulations under existing statutes; and (3) relaxation in the enforcement of existing regulations. The study illustrates the three deregulatory strategies by examining their application to the civil-rights and environmental policy arenas. The conclusion presented is that the strategies have so far been successful in reducing regulatory activity in the environmental and civil-rights arenas; however, environmental and civil-rights advocates are mounting a counterattack by turning to Congress and the courts to prevent devolutio...
Wavelength‐division integration of services in fibre‐optic networks

A flexible fibre-optic network architecture for the integration of multiple services is proposed and demonstrated. The traffic requirements of each service are addressed by using distinct wavelengths and multiple-access schemes. The separation of services by wavelength eliminates the need for complex bandwidth allocation and multiplexing techniques. As a consequence of wavelength-division, the network can be seen as consisting of a collection of subnetworks, each carrying a different service. Different data rates and signal formats are easily accommodated. To the user, however, the integration appears complete.
Tapping the social psychology of psychophysical experiments: Mode of responding does not alter statistical properties of magnitude estimates

In an attempt to measure how mode of response might affect psychophysical judgment, 18 subjects were asked to give magnitude estimates of the loudness of 1000-Hz tones at various sound pressure levels in each of two sessions. In one session, the subjects responded by giving their numerical judgments orally to the experimenter; in the other session, they did so by entering their judgments manually on a computer-controlled keyboard. Mode of response had no effect on the loudness function’s log-log slope and a small, statistically unreliable, effect on the function’s intercept.
Trace element indicators of increased primary production and decreased water-column ventilation during deposition of latest Pliocene sapropels at five locations across the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract Compositions of productivity- and redox-sensitive trace-metals in two Upper Pliocene sapropel sequences from western Mediterranean ODP Sites 974 and 975 and eastern Mediterranean Sites 964, 969, and 967 provide information about the conditions leading to sapropel deposition. Except at Site 975, closest to the Atlantic Ocean, all sapropels display elevated element/Al ratios for Ba, Re, Cd, Mo, U, Cr, Cu, V, and Zn. High total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and Ba/Al ratios point to increased primary productivity during sapropel deposition. Enrichments of redox-sensitive trace elements and elevated Re/Mo ratios indicate water-column oxygen depletion during sapropel formation. Anoxia likely was caused by increased fluxes of organic matter to the seafloor that would have enhanced oxygen demand at depth. One of the sapropel sequences investigated in this study, insolation-cycle 178, contains a zone having low TOC, low Ba/Al ratios, and low trace-metal contents. These features identify this interval as an interruption of the increased productivity associated with sapropels and of the sub-oxic/anoxic conditions that are fully-developed in the upper half of this sapropel layer. Significant differences in trace-metal enrichments between the eastern and western Mediterranean indicate that the eastern basin was a focal point for sapropel initiation. In contrast, Site 975 appears to have been heavily influenced by the Atlantic Ocean during i-cycles 178 and 180 and was not strongly influenced by the paleoceanographic changes affecting the rest of the Mediterranean.
Colorimetry of Wines

Problems relating to the measurement and description of color of wines are discussed, with wines providing an example of problems of volume color specification in general. The limitations of conventional directional spectrophotometric transmittance measurements are considered for colloidal, minimally light-scattering systems, where errors due to light lost through scatter can have profound consequences, particularly at shorter wavelengths. An alternative approach, referred to as transreflectometry, avoids the errors attributable to the directional geometry of conventional spectrophotometers. A review of its application to the colorimetry of wines considers three cases with different requirements to be met and different questions to be answered, from meeting strigent Federal Regulations in the case of very light white wines, to blending red and rose wines to predetermined color requirements, to studying the kinetics of pigment degradation and colored polymer formation in red wines under controlled storage conditions. These studies demonstrate the versatility of a simple methodological approach which provides information relating to visually perceived color and at the same time to chemical and physical properties of the systems.
SIGACT News Complexity Theory Column 76: an atypical survey of typical-case heuristic algorithms

Heuristic approaches often do so well that they seem to pretty much always give the right answer. How close can heuristic algorithms get to always giving the right answer, without inducing seismic complexity-theoretic consequences? This article first discusses how a series of results by Berman, Buhrman, Hartmanis, Homer, Longpre, Ogiwara, Schoning, and Watanabe, from the early 1970s through the early 1990s, explicitly or implicitly limited how well heuristic algorithms can do on NP-hard problems. In particular, many desirable levels of heuristic success cannot be obtained unless severe, highly unlikely complexity class collapses occur. Second, we survey work initiated by Goldreich and Wigderson, who showed how under plausible assumptions deterministic heuristics for randomized computation can achieve a very high frequency of correctness. Finally, we consider formal ways in which theory can help explain the effectiveness of heuristics that solve NP-hard problems in practice.
Spin Structure of Many-Body Systems with Two-Body Random Interactions

We investigate the spin structure of many-fermion systems with a spin-conserving two-body random interaction. We find a strong dominance of spin-0 ground states and considerable correlations between energies and wave functions of low-lying states with different spin, but no indication of pairing. The spectral densities exhibit spin-dependent shapes and widths, and depend on the particle density as well as on the relative strengths of the spin-0 and spin-1 couplings in the two-body random matrix. The spin structure of low-lying states can largely be explained analytically.
The effect of viscous heating on the stability of Taylor–Couette flow

The influence of viscous heating on the stability of Taylor–Couette flow is investigated theoretically. Based on a linear stability analysis it is shown that viscous heating leads to significant destabilization of the Taylor–Couette flow. Specifically, it is shown that in the presence of viscous dissipation the most dangerous disturbances are axisymmetric and that the temporal characteristic of the secondary flow is very sensitive to the thermal boundary conditions. If the temperature difference between the two cylinders is small, the secondary flow is stationary as in the case of isothermal Taylor–Couette flow. However, when the temperature difference between the two cylinders is large, time-dependent secondary states are predicted. These linear stability predictions are in agreement with the experimental observations of White & Muller (2000) in terms of onset conditions as well as the spatiotemporal characteristics of the secondary flow. Nonlinear stability analysis has revealed that over a broad range of operating conditions, the bifurcation to the time-dependent secondary state is subcritical, while stationary states result as a consequence of supercritical bifurcation. Moreover, the supercritically bifurcated stationary state undergoes a secondary bifurcation to a time-dependent flow. Overall, the structure of the time-dependent state predicted by the analysis compares very well with the experimental observations of White & Muller (2000) that correspond to slowly moving vortices parallel to the cylinder axis. The significant destabilization observed in the presence of viscous heating arises as the result of the coupling of the perturbation velocity and the base-state temperature gradient that gives rise to fluctuations in the radial temperature distribution. Due to the thermal sensitivity of the fluid these fluctuations greatly modify the fluid viscosity and reduce the dissipation of disturbances provided by the viscous stress terms in the momentum equation.
The contributions of morphological and surface chemical modifications to the elevated-temperature ageing of copper–epoxy interfaces

Adhesion experiments were performed using both morphological and surface chemical modifications to identify whether one is dominant in controlling copper–epoxy adhesion and durability. Surface preparation procedures included sanding and etching copper surfaces which were thermally oxidized and a surface plating treatment that formed oxidized nodules on the copper surface. Further surface chemical modification used benzotriazole primary and chromium ion implantation on copper oxide. All prepared surfaces were laminated to an epoxy–glass resin cloth and the interfaces were aged in an air oven at 150°C. Adhesion with ageing time was measured by a floating roller peeler assembly attached to a mechanical load frame. Interfaces formed when copper was oxidized in air had significantly lower peel strength than interfaces prepared by the plating treatment. Furthermore, peel adhesion was significantly reduced by elevated temperature conditioning. Adhesion degradation kinetics were applied to the transitional peel adhesion data and kinetic parameters associated with degradation at 150°C were calculated. The results suggest that peel failure for the thermally oxidized samples occurs within the oxide layer, and that surface treatments on the oxide layer are not effective in altering adhesion. The peel adhesion of the electroplated surfaces was affected by the surface chemistry. No difference was observed in the fracture surface as a function of chemistry or ageing time. © 1997 Chapman & Hall
Enabling distributed throughput maximization in wireless mesh networks: a partitioning approach

This paper considers the interaction between channel assignment and distributed scheduling in multi-channel multiradio Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). Recently, a number of distributed scheduling algorithms for wireless networks have emerged. Due to their distributed operation, these algorithms can achieve only a fraction of the maximum possible throughput. As an alternative to increasing the throughput fraction by designing new algorithms, in this paper we present a novel approach that takes advantage of the inherent multi-radio capability of WMNs. We show that this capability can enable partitioning of the network into subnetworks in which simple distributed scheduling algorithms can achieve 100% throughput. The partitioning is based on the recently introduced notion of Local Pooling. Using this notion, we characterize topologies in which 100% throughput can be achieved distributedly. These topologies are used in order to develop a number of channel assignment algorithms that are based on a matroid intersection algorithm. These algorithms partition a network in a manner that not only expands the capacity regions of the subnetworks but also allows distributed algorithms to achieve these capacity regions. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the algorithms via simulation and show that they significantly increase the distributedly achievable capacity region.
A simple synthesis of metallocene aldehydes from lithiometallocenes and N,N-dimethylformamide: Ferrocene and ruthenocene aldehydes and 1,1′-dialdehydes

Abstract Lithioferrocene, 1,1′-dilithioferrocene, lithioruthenocene and 1,1′-dilithioruthenocene all react with N , N -dimethylformamide in diethyl eth
Examining team cohesion as an effect of software engineering methodology

This paper describes an experiment in which student teams developed products using two different methodologies: the Team Software Process (TSP) as a plan-driven methodology and Extreme Programming (XP) as an agile methodology. We carefully define cohesion and derive instruments appropriate for measuring cohesion. Then, throughout the projects, the teams were surveyed to measure various aspects of team cohesion and those results support conclusions about how methodology was affecting cohesion. The results show that the measures developed lead to interesting observations that can be applied to current, non-academic projects. In addition, future work in broadening this study is justified.
Three-year changes in bone mineral density around the knee after a six-month course of oral alendronate following total knee arthroplasty. A prospective, randomized study.

Background: Bone mineral density decreases after total knee arthroplasty and is believed to affect prosthetic fixation. Treatment with alendronate has been shown to improve short-term bone mineral density after total knee arthroplasty; however, the long-term effects of this therapy are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of a six-month course of alendronate on bone mineral density after total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral alendronate at a dosage of 10 mg/day for six months or no alendronate. The bone mineral density in the distal aspect of the femur and the proximal aspect of the tibia was measured preoperatively and at six, twelve, and thirty-six months after total knee arthroplasty. Results: Fifty-four patients (twenty-nine in the alendronate group and twenty-five in the control group) completed the study. The alendronate group showed significant increases in bone mineral density in the distal aspect of the femur compared with the controls at six months (+4.8% and –14.2%, respectively; p < 0.01) and twelve months (+1.6% and –11.5%, respectively; p < 0.01). No significant difference in bone mineral density was detected between the groups at thirty-six months (–3.9% and –12.2%, respectively; p = 0.08). Similar trends in bone mineral density changes were also observed in the proximal aspect of the tibia. Conclusions: A six-month course of alendronate initially increased bone mineral density at six and twelve months after total knee arthroplasty, but no difference was noted after thirty-six months. The effect of alendronate on bone mineral density after total knee arthroplasty may be limited after discontinuation of therapy. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ab initio simulations of compressed liquid deuterium

Using ab initio molecular dynamics, we have investigated liquid deuterium under pressure, in a range of densities relevant to recent laser shock experiments. Our results show that between four- and sixfold compression, and temperatures between 5000 and 10 000 K, the liquid goes continuously from a dissociation/recombination regime, where a substantial proportion of atoms form D${}_{2}$ complexes, to a scattering regime, where mostly atoms are present. At about 10 000 K and sixfold compression, we find that the liquid is a poor metal. Our simulations point at a compression along the Hugoniot larger than indicated by old data, but smaller than predicted by laser shock experiments.
Oligocene/Miocene Boundary: Correlation, Biostratigraphy, and Foraminiferal Evolution: ABSTRACT

Qualitative and quantitative planktonic foraminiferal trends have been examined across the Oligocene/Miocene transition in three DSDP sites in the South Pacific ranging from the equator to temperate regions. The evolutionary appearance of Globoquadrina dehiscens represents one of the most reliable datums for interregional correlation of the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. This datum occurs within the biostratigraphic range of Globorotalia (Fohsella) kugleri and marks the boundary between Zones N4A and N4B. Globigerinoides first evolved during the late Oligocene and is not coincident with the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Unlike the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, the Oligocene/Miocene boundary is not marked by a crisis in the Oligocene planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. Most Oligocene forms continue their range upward into the early Miocene where most are replaced by typical Neogene forms. The evolution of Globoquadrina dehiscens effectively heralds the beginning of the major Neogene evolutionary radiations in planktonic foraminifera including: (1) the evolutionary radiation of Globigerinoides into a number of species; (2) the initial evolution of Globorotalia (Globoconella) incognita, which forms the earliest ancestral form of Globoconella; (3) the evolution of the Globigerina (Zeaglobigerina) woodi group; (4) the evolution of Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta, which is the ancestral stock of the Sphaeroidinellopsis-Sphaeroidinella lineage; and (5) the evolution of Globorotalia (Fohsella) peripheroronda from Globorotalia (Fohsella) kugleri. These evolutionary radiations are reflected by a general increase in simple species diversity through the early Miocene. In all sites, species diversity is lowest in the interval near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Amongst the sites examined, diversity is highest, not in the tropical site, but in warm-subtropical Site 208, because at this latitude the faunas include both tropical and temperate forms. The earliest Miocene, immediately following the boundary, is marked by high frequencies of Globorotalia (Fohsella) kugleri in tropical areas and Globoquadrina dehiscens in warm subtropical to temperate areas. End_of_Article - Last_Page 588------------
Rapid screening for structural integrity of expressed proteins by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy.

A simple and rapid method based on "N labeling and 'H-l5N heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectros- copy is presented to directly assess the structural integrity of overexpressed proteins in crude Escherichia coli extracts with- out the need for any purification. The method is demonstrated using two different expression systems and two different pro- teins, the B1 immunoglobulin-binding domain of streptococcal protein G (56 residues) and human interleukin-10 (153 residues). It is shown that high quality 'H-"N correlation spectra, re- corded in as little as 15 min and displaying only cross-peaks aris- ing from the overexpressed protein of interest, can be obtained from crude E. coli extracts.
The role of the primary care team in the rapid response system

Purpose The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impact of primary service involvement on rapid response team (RRT) evaluations.
Measurement of climatic heat stress at outdoor venues for endurance events at the Atlanta Olympic Games, 1996

During the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, climatic heat stress measurements were made at four sport venues: athletics, beach volleyball, modern pentathlon, and tennis. The known potentially adverse effects of climatic heat stress (high temperature, humidity, and radiant energy) on athletic performance, coupled with Atlanta's history of abnormally hot humid weather during the proposed Games period, indicated the need for such documentation as part of ongoing Games preparation. Commercially available instrumentation was used to measure dry bulb temperature (DBT), wet bulb temperature (WBT), and black bulb globe temperature (BGT). From these values, the Heat Stress Index (HSI) temperature was calculated. Data were collected at 10‐min intervals for an extended time period at various competition sites at a time when athletes were competing during the Games. These data provide a perspective on: how Atlanta's 1996 weather compared with preceding years, and with that of Barcelona in 1992; the incidence of heat stres...
The metabolism of host RNAs in cells infected by an adenovirus E4 mutant.

Abstract Mutants of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) that lack early region 4 (E4) are defective in the expression of viral late genes. E4 mutants exhibit dramatically reduced levels of both cytoplasmic and nuclear viral late RNAs compared to wild-type virus, due principally to reduced stability of unprocessed viral late RNA in the nucleus of mutant-infected cells. To determine whether E4 products also affect the metabolism of host RNAs in infected cells, steady-state levels of β-actin RNA and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) RNA were measured in the cytoplasms and nuclei of HeLa cells infected by either wild-type Ad5 or the E4 deletion mutant H5 dl 1004, and were compared to levels in uninfected HeLa cells. S1 nuclease analyses revealed only slight reductions in β-actin mRNA levels in the cytoplasm and in levels of spliced and unspliced β-actin RNA in the nucleus of cells infected by either Ad5 or H5 dl 1004. RNase protection analyses showed that cytoplasmic TPI RNA levels were not affected by infection of HeLa cells with either Ad5 or H5 dl 1004. Steady-state levels of nuclear TPI RNA, both spliced and unspliced, were slightly reduced in cells infected by wild-type virus but not in HeLa cells infected by H5 dl 1004. These results indicate that the reduced stability of RNA in HeLa cells infected by E4 mutants is a virus-specific phenotype which does not extend to host cell RNAs.
Aluminum particle ignition in different oxidizing environments

Abstract This paper presents experimental results on ignition of micron-sized spherical Al particles by a CO 2 laser in H 2 O/N 2 , CO 2 , air, H 2 O/air and CO 2 /O 2 gaseous environments. Al powder with nominal particle sizes in the range of 4.5–7 μm is aerosolized using a parallel plate capacitor by charging particles contacting the electrodes. A thin, laminar aerosol jet is formed using a gas purged through the capacitor and issuing together with aerosolized particles through a small opening in the top electrode. The jet is fed into a focused CO 2 laser beam. A part of the gas mixture is fed as a shroud flow around the central aerosol jet to stabilize and shield the aerosol jet from surrounding air. The velocities of particles in the jet are varied in the range of 0.1–3 m/s. For the H 2 O-containing gas mixtures, the gas lines are heated to ∼150 °C. A numerical simulation using Fluent CFD code is used to determine the gas composition at the laser focal spot. In experiments, for a given environment and selected particle velocity, the laser power is increased until the particles ignite. The ignition is detected optically using a photomultiplier. The laser power thresholds required for ignition of spherical aluminum particles are measured at varied particle velocities for each environment. The lowest thresholds are found for CO 2 /O 2 mixture and the highest for the H 2 O/N 2 mixture. Addition of O 2 to H 2 O or CO 2 reduces the ignition thresholds. The experimental data are processed to determine the kinetic parameters of a simplified Arrhenius description of the exothermic reaction leading to the particle ignition in different oxidizing environments.
Bile acids induce MUC2 overexpression in human colon carcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND Mucin alterations are a common feature of colonic neoplasia, and alterations in MUC2 mucin have been associated with tumor progression in the colon. Bile acids have been linked to colorectal carcinogenesis and mucin secretion, but their effects on mucin gene expression in human colon carcinoma cells is unknown METHODS Human colon carcinoma cells were treated ≤ 6 hours with 10–200 μM deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, or ursodeoxycholate. MUC2 protein was assayed by Western blot analysis and MUC2 transcription was assayed using a MUC2 promoter reporter luciferase construct. Transcription activator protein 1 (AP-1) activity was measured using an AP-1 reporter construct and confirmed by Western blot analysis for c-Jun/AP-1. RESULTS MUC2 transcription and MUC2 protein expression were increased three to fourfold by bile acids in a time and dose-dependent manner with no effect on cell viability. AP-1 activity was also increased (deoxycholate > chenodeoxycholate > ursodeoxycholate). Treatment with the putative chemopreventive agent curcumin, which decreased AP-1 activity, also decreased MUC2 transcription. Cotransfection with a dominant negative AP-1 vector decreased MUC2 transcription, confirming the significance of AP-1 in MUC2 induction by deoxycholate. Calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), greatly decreased bile acid-induced MUC2 transcription and AP-1 activity, whereas inhibitors of MAP kinase had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Bile acids induced mucin expression in human colon carcinoma cells by increasing MUC2 transcription through a process involving MAP kinase-independent, PKC-dependent activation of AP-1. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
MINLP model for cyclic multiproduct scheduling on continuous parallel lines

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of cyclic multiproduct scheduling on continuous parallel production lines. This plant configuration is typically used in the manufacturing of specialty chemicals. The problem involves a combinatorial part (assignment of products to lines and their sequencing in each li and a continuous part (duration of production runs and frequency of production). To account for these two elements, a large-scale mixed integer nonline program (MINLP) is developed and an exact reformulation technique is applied to linearize it in the space of the integer variables. The Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions are exploited in the resulting model in order to effectively apply generalized Benders decomposition. This avoids the explicit solution of extremely large nonlinear subproblems. At the same time, a computational scheme based on valid outer-approximations of the nonlinear part of the problem is proposed to strengthen the bounds of the master problem and therefore achieve fast convergence. Despite the nonlinear nature of the model, special but important cases are identified for which certain convexity conditions are satisfied and the suggested procedure guarantees the globa optimality of the solution. The proposed technique was applied to a real world problem for a polymer production plant. The corresponding MINLP containe 780 binary variables, 23,000 continuous variables and 3200 constraints.
Multiparticle Production in the Fermilab Bubble Chambers

Abstract In the past two years many new data have been collected from experiments in the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory bubble chambers. While some of the important new results are from second generation, high statistics pp experiments, much of the new data come from interactions initiated by π± and p beams on proton targets. In addition, preliminary results are now available from interactions of K± with protons, π+ and protons with deuterium, and π− with neon. In this review of experimental results on multiparticle production, as studied in the bubble chamber, these data are summarized and comparisons are made among the different incident projectile and target reactions.
Studies on synchronized cells: The time course of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in Astasia longa

Abstract 1. 1. An improved culture vessel and temperature cycle have resulted in highly repetitive, synchronized cell divisions in the colorless flagellate Astasia longa . 2. 2. Biochemical data on the time course of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis indicate a high degree of synchrony. 3. 3. Cytological observations indicate that over 80 per cent of the cells are in mitosis at a time correlated with a doubling in DNA content per cell. 4. 4. A derivation of a compression or synchronization index and an equation for calculating the mitotic time of cells is presented.
Anomalous fatigue behavior in polyisoprene

Abstract Annealing of a polyisoprene-based elastomer can resuit in significant changes in its failure properties, the nature of which depends on the deformation of the rubber during the annealing. Although a deterioration of properties from low-strain annealing and improved performance from high-strain annealing may be contrary to intuition, the mechanisms which underlie these annealing effects are well known. The behavior described herein simply represents other manifestations of these phenomena. These alterations in performance, moreover, are readily induced at strains within the range of conventional fatigue and crackgrowth experimentation, and thus demonstrate some of the difficulties in relating laboratory characterizations to the performance of materials in other environments.
Stress Profile in Essential Hypertension

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that basal sympathetic activity and sympathetic reactivity to stress are increased in patients with essential hypertension. One hundred and fifteen randomly selected patients with essential hypertension and an equal number of age- and sex-matched normal controls were included in this study. Various parameters, viz., heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, peripheral skin temperature, electromyographic activity of the frontalis muscle, skin conductance (measured by electrodermography), and blood pressure, were measured in the resting state in both groups. These parameters were then measured during the performance of various stressful activities, such as mental arithmetical calculations, thinking of unpleasant thoughts, staring at a fixed point, catching of a dropped object, and reading aloud for 1 min each, and again over a 1-min quiet period following each stressful activity. Changes in various parameters in the two groups were analyzed and compared. Baseline heart rate, respiratory rate, electromyographic activity and peripheral skin temperature were higher-while skin conductance was lower-in the hypertensive group than in the control group. The increases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, electromyographic activity, and peripheral skin temperature in response to stress were greater in hypertensive patients than in controls, while skin conductance showed a higher elevation in controls than in hypertensive patients. In conclusion, sympathetic nervous system activity is increased in patients with essential hypertension. The reduced skin conductance and high peripheral skin temperature in these patients may be due to a possible dermal neurovascular dysfunction.
Angiographic localization of potential culprit coronary arteries in patients with interatrial block following a positive exercise tolerance test.

Interatrial block (IAB), denoted by P waves ≥110 ms, is believed to be associated with underlying ischemia, particularly with that of its principal interatrial conduction pathway, the Bachmann bundle. We investigated if there is an angiographic association of IAB on electrocardiograms at rest in patients who underwent cardiac angiography after a positive exercise tolerance test (ETT) result. Twenty-seven patients with IAB and 42 control patients without IAB on electrocardiograms at rest who had evidence of ischemia on cardiac angiography after ETT were identified. Coronary vessels that were angiographically most significantly stenosed (≥70% occlusion indicating stenosis) were noted for statistical comparison (a p value
Crossflow Microfiltration of Yeast Suspensions in Tubular Filters

Crossflow microfiltration experiments were performed on yeast suspensions through 0.2-μm pore size ceramic and polypropylene tubes at various operating conditions. The initial transient flux decline follows dead-end filtration theory, with the membrane resistance determined from the initial flux and the specific cake resistance determined from the rate of flux decline due to cake buildup. For long times, the observed fluxes reach steady or nearly steady values, presumably as a result of the cake growth being arrested by the shear exerted at its surface. The steady-state fluxes increase with increasing shear rate and decreasing feed concentration, and they are nearly independent of transmembrane pressure. The steady-state fluxes for unwashed yeast in deionized water or fermentation media are typically 2–4 times lower than those predicted by a model based on the properties of nonadhesive, rigid spheres undergoing shear-induced back-diffusion. In contrast, the steady-state fluxes observed for washed yeast cells in deionized water are only 10–30% below the predicted values. The washed yeast cells also exhibited specific cake resistances that are an order of magnitude lower than those for the unwashed yeast. The differences are due to the presence of extracellular proteins and other macromolecules in the unwashed yeast suspensions. These biopolymers cause higher cell adhesion and resistance in the cake layer, so that the cells at the top edge are not free to diffuse away. This is manifested as a concentration jump from the edge of the cake layer to the sheared suspension adjacent to it. The shear-induced diffusion model includes a dimensionless parameter (referred to as the crossflow integral) that accounts for the concentration jump as well as the viscosity and diffusivity properties of a given suspension, and this parameter was determined for the unwashed yeast suspensions by fitting the experimental flux data to the model. The resulting values of this parameter are significantly lower than those for rigid spheres but show relatively little variation between experiments at different operating conditions for a given filter, indicating that the parameter is an intrinsic property of the suspension/membrane system. However, a significant difference in the parameter values was obtained between the ceramic and polypropylene membranes, indicating that the adhesive and fouling properties of the cake depend on the membrane material with which it is in contact. The resulting fluxes obtained from the model using single values for the membrane resistance, specific cake resistance, and crossflow integral for each data set (ceramic and polypropylene filters) are in good agreement with the measured fluxes. Inertial lift theory with no adjustable parameters was also compared to the data. It was found to overpredict the steady-state fluxes at high shear rates and underpredict the fluxes at low shear rates.
Effects of wall admittance changes on duct transmission and radiation of sound

This paper is concerned with the effect of changes in duct wall acoustic properties on the transmission of sound through ducts. Two special problems are considered. The first problem is that of a rectangular infinite-length duct with airflow and a single change in duct wall acoustic admittance. The second problem is that of an axisymmetric field in a finite circular duct without airflow and with an arbitrary number of duct wall acoustic admittance changes. Results for the first problem show the effect of wall admittance change and flow on the acoustic power transmission within the duct. Results for the second problem show the interactive effects of multiple duct liner sections on power radiated from a finite duct.
Structure-based design of ketone-containing, tripeptidyl human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors.

Abstract Tripeptide-derived molecules incorporating C-terminal ketone electrophiles were evaluated as reversible inhibitors of the cysteine-containing human rhinovirus 3C protease (3CP). An optimized example of such compounds displayed potent 3CP inhibition activity (Ki=0.0045 μM) and in vitro antiviral properties (EC50=0.34 μM) when tested against HRV serotype-14.