cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of protein functional surfaces by the concept of a split pocket

The function of a protein is often fulfilled via molecular interactions on its surfaces, so identifying the functional surface(s) of a protein is helpful for understanding its function. Here, we introduce the concept of a split pocket, which is a pocket that is split by a cognate ligand. We use a geometric approach that is site-specific. Specifically, we first compute a set of all pockets in the protein with its ligand(s) and a set of all pockets with the ligand(s) removed and then compare the two sets of pockets to identify the split pocket(s) of the protein. To reduce the search space and expedite the process of surface partitioning, we design probe radii according to the physicochemical textures of molecules. Our method achieves a success rate of 96% on a benchmark test set. We conduct a large-scale computation to identify ∼19,000 split pockets from 11,328 structures (1.16 million potential pockets); for each pocket, we obtain residue composition, solvent-accessible area, and molecular volume. With this database of split pockets, our method can be used to predict the functional surfaces of unbound structures. Indeed, the functional surface of an unbound protein may often be found from its similarity to remotely related bound forms that belong to distinct folds. Finally, we apply our method to identify glucose-binding proteins, including unbound structures. Our study demonstrates the power of geometric and evolutionary matching for studying protein functional evolution and provides a framework for classifying protein functions by local spatial patterns of functional surfaces. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fish consumption in infancy and development of allergic disease up to age 12 y

Background: Fish intake in infancy has been associated with reduced risk of allergic disease in early childhood, but it is unknown whether this effect remains as children grow older. Objective: We studied the possible effect of fish consumption in infancy on prevalent and incident allergic disease up to the age of 12 y. Design: A total of 3285 children from a prospective Swedish birth cohort (Children, Asthma, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology) were included in the current analyses. At 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 y, parental questionnaires were used to obtain information on lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, and symptoms of allergic disease. The frequency of fish intake in infancy was assessed in the 1-y questionnaire. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E concentrations associated with common allergens were obtained at age 8 y. Generalized estimating equations and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine associations between fish consumption in infancy and prevalent and incident allergic disease at ages 1‐12 y, including sensitization and IgE-associated disease at age 8 y. Results: At 1 y of age, 80% of the children consumed fish regularly (ie, $2 times/mo). From 1 to 12 y of age, regular fish consumption in infancy reduced overall risks of prevalent and incident allergic disease [adjusted OR (95% CI) after restrict ion to children without early symptoms of allergic disease was 0.74 (0.60, 0.90) (P = 0.003) for prevalent rhinitis and 0.78 (0.63, 0.97) (P = 0.028) for prevalent eczema. Conclusion: Regular fish consumption in infancy may reduce risk of allergic disease up to age 12 y. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn. 112.045377.
Commentary: Integrated Surgical Residency Initiative: Implications for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Ikonomidis et al. The integrated 6-year format for the training of cardiothoracic surgeons exploded into existence only 5 short years ago. Explode seems a strong descriptor but when one considers the rapid expansion in the number of programs, the initially high and growing number of applicants, and the considerable attention devoted to the paradigm at national meetings, the description is apt. The authors give a concise history of the changes that brought about the conceptualization of this approach to cardiothoracic surgical training. They outline a series of events that transpired making an integrated straight-out-of-medical-school approach to training a clear and logical solution. The authors then go on to describe the implementation of the I6 programs, highlighting various strengths and also some hurdles that are both in the process or yet to be addressed. In summary, I see 2 major themes introduced by the authors. The first is that the I6 approach requires a high level of commitment and buy-in at a very broad level while the second is that this approach is still a work in progress. The commitment necessary for the I6 is well above that of any existing traditional program and cannot be understated. The lure of suddenly having many applicants to one's training program will harken many back to the heyday of cardiothoracic surgery and motivate many programs to develop I6 tracks. But any program without the necessary deep commitment will almost certainly fail. The authors detail many of these including, but not limited to, a commitment by the faculty to teach a new and very different population of learners, by colleagues in other disciplines to accept and help train our residents, by local leadership to support both the cost (additional trainees, additional resources, and
An Unusual Career: Considering Political/Legal Orders and Unofficial Parallel Realities

Sally Moore was initially a lawyer and later became an anthropologist. In this article she reflects on three major projects in her professional history: preparations for the second set of Nuremberg Trials, a dissertation on law in Inca Peru, and fieldwork in a time of postcolonial socialism on Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa. All three situations presented strong official versions of law and its supposedly controlling effect on the social order. Contact showed that in each instance there were important unofficial counter-ideas and activities imbedded in the events of the time. The conclusion from this is that in approaching the study of any legal order, one must presume that there is concurrently a considerable, active unofficial reality and that it has its own effects and momentum and should be addressed.
Differentiation of reactive-like astrocytes cultured on nanofibrillar and comparative culture surfaces

Aim: To investigate the directive importance of nanophysical properties on the morphological and protein expression responses of dibutyryladenosine cyclic monophosphate (dBcAMP)-treated cerebral cortical astrocytes in vitro. Materials & methods: Elasticity and work of adhesion characterizations of culture surfaces were performed using atomic force microscopy and combined with previous surface roughness and polarity results. The morphological and biochemical differentiation of dBcAMP-treated astrocytes cultured on promising nanofibrillar scaffolds and comparative culture surfaces were investigated by immunocytochemistry, colocalization, super resolution microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The dBcAMP-treated astrocyte responses were further compared with untreated astrocyte responses. Results & conclusion: Nanofibrillar scaffold properties were shown to reduce immunoreactivity responses while poly-L-lysine-functionalized Aclar® (Ted Pella Inc., CA, USA) properties were shown to induce responses reminisc...
Insuring the Uninsurable: Brokers and Incomplete Insurance Contracts

How do markets spread risk when events are unknown or unknowable and where not anticipated in an insurance contract? While the policyholder can “hold up” the insurer for extra contractual payments, the continuing gains from trade on a single contract are often too small to yield useful coverage. By acting as a repository of the reputations of the parties, we show the brokers provide a coordinating mechanism to leverage the collective hold up power of policyholders. This extends both the degree of implicit and explicit coverage. The role is reflected in the terms of broker engagement, specifically in the ownership by the broker of the renewal rights. Finally, we argue that brokers can be motivated to play this role when they receive commissions that are contingent on insurer profits. This last feature questions a recent, well publicized, attack on broker compensation by New York attorney general, Elliot
Iron regulatory element and internal loop/bulge structure for ferritin mRNA studied by cobalt(III) hexammine binding, molecular modeling, and NMR spectroscopy.

The ferritin IRE, a highly conserved (96−99% in vertebrates) mRNA translation regulatory element in animal mRNA, was studied by molecular modeling (using MC-SYM and DOCKING) and by NMR spectroscopy...
Updating Behavior Therapy with Couples.

In the 20 years since Helping Couples Change (Stuart, 1980) was written, a great deal of research and clinical practice has shed new light on therapy for couples. Although it would be useful to review this vast, evolving literature, space does not permit doing so here. Instead, using an approach terned principled pragmatism, this article will summarize some of the ways in which this new knowledge can be used to reshape intervention strategy and tactics. It will identify principles that have stood the test of time and suggest ways in which those that did notfare as well can be updated. Finally, a briefprotocol will be presented as one model of behaviorally oriented couples' therapy.
R parity from the heterotic string.

In T-duality invariant effective supergravity with gaugino condensation as the mechanism for supersymmetry breaking, there is a residual discrete symmetry that could play the role of R-parity in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model.
Pregnancy and intimate partner violence: how do rural, low-income women cope?

We conducted 32 in-depth interviews with 20 rural, low-income, women residing in the United States who were pregnant (n = 12) or 3 months postpartum (n = 8) and had experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Using purposive sampling and the grounded theory method, we generated a conceptual model of coping. The urge to protect the unborn baby was the primary influence for participants’ decisions about separating from or permanently leaving an abusive relationship. Implications include universal screening for IPV in child-bearing women, inquiry into maternal identity development during pregnancy, and improved resource access for rural, low-income women.
Pediatric nursing research: creating partnerships with parents to improve the health of children and adolescents.

Partnerships with parents are essential for pediatric nursing practice and research. Pediatric nurse researchers need to understand the critical influence that parents have on the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents. CREATING PARTNERSHIPS WITH parents is essential to pediatric nursing practice and research. Indeed, parents and families provide the context for the growth and development of children (Friedman, Bowden, & Jones, 2003). Children are dependent on their parents to create a supportive environment in which they provide care and nurturance to promote their child's growth and development. Pediatric nursing practice involves providing direct care to children and adolescents and creating partnerships with parents to teach them how to promote their children's health and manage illness (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2009), as well as provide anticipatory guidance to parents about their children's developmental needs (Hagan, Shaw, & Duncan, 2007). This partnership with parents and families is reflected in the recommendation from the scope and standards of pediatric nursing practice that children's health care should be family centered for optimal health and well-being (American Nurses Association and Society of Pediatric Nursing, 2003; American Nurses Association, National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, & Society of Pediatric Nurses, 2008; National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, 2009). Moreover, a key area for nursing research with children and their families includes a focus on the role of parents and their relationship to children's health and development (Miles & Holditch-Davis, 2003). The integral role of parents in relation to the health of their children is highlighted in the research articles reported in this issue of the Journal of Pediatric Nursing. The focus of one study was perceived communication facilitators and barriers among parents, pediatric nurses, and physicians
Sequential decision making using expert advice

Presents a theory for sequentially choosing decisions by combining the suggestions of a fixed number of experts. the author takes a game theoretic approach and attempts to do as well as the best expert under worst case assumptions. Surprisingly, it is possible to do as well as if one knows the statistics of the system in advance. The author applies these results to the problem of how to gamble on a sequence of letters drawn from a finite alphabet. >
The effect of estradiol benzoate and corn oil on bone structure of growing cockerels exposed to vitamin-D deficiency.

In 1934 Kyes and Potter reported the remarkable observation that cyclic changes in ossification of the long bones occur in pigeons parallel with, and indeed dependent upon, the alternations of ovarian activity. This was the first evidence for modifications of the skeleton brought about by estrogens, though it had been known that the serum calcium level may show such a dependence (Riddle and Reinhart, 1926). During the succeeding years extensive experimental work was conducted with mammals and birds relative to the effects of estrogens on ossification. With fowl tests of this nature were first made by Zondek (1936, 1937) and by Landauer, Pfeiffer, Gardner and Man (1939). A histological account of the changes observed in these experiments was given by Landauer and Zondek (1944). At that time (viz., 1941) an experiment was also conducted to determine the effect, as far as bone structure was concerned,
Informed consent for emergency surgery--how much do parents truly remember?

Abstract Background/Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate parental retention of possible surgical complications in children undergoing emergency laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods A prospective pilot study involving parents whose children had emergency laparoscopic appendectomy was performed. Parents were counseled regarding 7 potential complications of laparoscopic appendectomy. They were asked to recall this list immediately after the consent process (immediate recall, IR) and before discharge from inpatient stay (delayed recall, DR). A score (0–7) was awarded indicating the number of correct answers. For each recall, parents were also reminded on complications they omitted (prompted recall). One surgeon administered all consents in person. Demographic data were collected. Data were reported as median (range). Results Twenty-one mothers and 10 fathers were recruited, aged 42years (30–54). Nine (29%) had university or post-graduate education. Score for IR was 2 (0–6). Five (16%) parents scored 0. Upon prompting after IR, 20 (65%) parents had no impression of at least 1 complication. Score for DR was 2 (0–7), while 7 (23%) parents scored 0. At prompting after DR, 25 (81%) had no memory of at least one complication. Eight (26%) demonstrated improved DR scores. Scores were not affected by patient demographics or time between interviews. Conclusions There is poor parental retention of information provided during operative consent. Hence, proper documentation of this process is essential.
Who believes in a just world

Research with the Just World Scale has indicated that many people believe that the world is a place where good people are rewarded and bad people are punished. Believers in a just world have been found to be more likely than nonbelievers to admire fortunate people and to derogate victims, thus permitting the believers to maintain the perception that people in fact get what they deserve. Other studies have shed light on the antecedents, correlates, and social consequences of the belief in a just world. Everyone may have a version of the just world belief in early childhood (Piaget's “immanent justice”), but some people outgrow the belief quickly and some apparently never do. Believers in a just world have been found to be more religious, more authoritarian, and more oriented toward the internal control of reinforcements than nonbelievers. They are also more likely to admire political leaders and existing social institutions, and to have negative attitudes toward underprivileged groups. Suggestions for modifying the belief in a just world are offered, focusing on the socialization techniques employed by parents, teachers, religious institutions, and the mass media.
Use of the Initial Electrocardiogram During Acute Myocardial Infarction to Estimate the Extent of the Jeopardized Myocardium and Guide the Determination of Therapy

During the initial assessment of a patient with suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI), few diagnostic tests are immediately available. A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the most useful method to assess the clinical situation and to guide the determination of therapy. The ECG is almost always immediately available at the site of patient presentation and is inexpensive and easy to perform. Although a normal ECG does not eliminate the possibility of an acute coronary event, the patient’s position along the spectrum from entirely normal to marked epicardial injury should guide the intensity of the acute intervention. Such information is particularly important in an era when limitation of infarct size has become an important goal of acute coronary care. Should a patient be managed “conservatively” with little or no effort aimed at size limitation, or managed “aggressively” with every effort exerted to optimize coronary blood flow? It is important for clinicians to understand the capability and limitation of the ECG as a diagnostic aid for the assessment of patients with suspected acute MI.
Time and frequency domain identification of arterial system model parameters

Characteristic impedance, compliance, and resistance of a lumped model of the systemic arterial tree are identified in the time and frequency domains during control and during aortic occlusion. There is no significant difference in the parametric values obtained using either approach. The time-domain method, however, is both simple and fast and can afford the advantage of online identification. >
Tolerant Anti-Insulin B Cells Are Effective APCs

Autoreactive B lymphocytes that are not culled by central tolerance in the bone marrow frequently enter the peripheral repertoire in a state of functional impairment, termed anergy. These cells are recognized as a liability for autoimmunity, but their contribution to disease is not well understood. Insulin-specific 125Tg B cells support T cell–mediated type 1 diabetes in NOD mice, despite being anergic to B cell mitogens and T cell–dependent immunization. Using this model, the potential of anergic, autoreactive B cells to present Ag and activate T cells was investigated. The data show that 1) insulin is captured and rapidly internalized by 125Tg BCRs, 2) these Ag-exposed B cells are competent to activate both experienced and naive CD4+ T cells, 3) anergic 125Tg B cells are more efficient than naive B cells at activating T cells when Ag is limiting, and 4) 125Tg B cells are competent to generate low-affinity insulin B chain epitopes necessary for activation of diabetogenic anti-insulin BDC12-4.1 T cells, indicating the pathological relevance of anergic B cells in type 1 diabetes. Thus, phenotypically tolerant B cells that are retained in the repertoire may promote autoimmunity by driving activation and expansion of autoaggressive T cells via Ag presentation.
Investigation of Buffer Layers for GaN Grown by MBE

The structural quality of the buffer layer juxtaposed to the substrate is pivotal in attaining high quality GaN layers. In MBE deposition, low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature AlN buffer layers are at the disposal of the grower. There are quite a few reports, some discussing the benefits of high temperature buffer layers and others doing the same for low temperature buffer layers. The reports emanate from different laboratories; and due to stringent parameter control required, it is difficult to compare one type of buffer with another. To gain some insight, we undertook an investigation wherein these varieties of buffer layers were grown on nitridated sapphire substrate under similar conditions for a comparative analysis. In addition to the single buffer layers of both GaN and AlN varieties, some combinations of stacked buffer layers, including cases where these buffer layers were separated by GaN layers, were employed. Structural analysis by high resolution X-ray diffractometry and topological analysis by AFM were carried out to assess the quality of the epilayers grown on these buffers. Hall measurements at room temperature were carried out to characterize the electrical transport properties.
Abnormal Measures of White Matter Integrity in Newborns with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) (P7.319)

Background and Objective: White matter abnormalities in neonates are strong predictors of motor, cognitive disabilities. Abnormalities on clinical MRI do not always correlate with neurological development. Despite the potential to quantify white matter lesions, Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fractional Anisotropy (FA ) are not routinely used. Thus, quantification of subtle, but functionally relevant lesions is lacking. The objective of this work is to demonstrate abnormalities of white matter in newborns with HIE using FA in multiple, clinically significant areas. Additionally we investigated the relation between brain lesions and clinical risk factors for HIE. Methods: Subjects: Ten term neonates with HIE, seven age-matched healthy neonates were included. Clinical Data: Risk factor for HIE included: cord pH<7.2, infections, hypertention, drugs. Imaging: DTIsequence was acquired at day of life 4-10. FA maps were calculated in DTI-Studio after correction for motion and eddie current distortion. ROIs were blindly drawn bilaterally on average DWI image in corticospinal tracts (CST), genu, splenium, optic radiation,temporal white matter, periventricular white matter. Inter-rater reliability was determined between two investigators. Results: Intra-class correlations for a random sample of 6 subjects were high (rs >0.90). Comparisons between groups revealed significant differences in genu; right, left periventricular white matter and right, left temporal white matter (Fs > 6.5, ps HIE).2-tailed ANOVA analysis showed correlation between cord pH and FA values of right, left periventricular region and right corticospinal tracts. FA was lower in the HIE group in the remaining ROIs, but did not reach statistical significance. Discussion: We demonstrated differences in FA in multiple brain regions in newborns with HIE when compared to health newborn. Further studies are necessary to determine if FA at this young age correlates with neurologic development. Disclosure: Dr. Pergami has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nanavati has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yossuck has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Carpenter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Haut has nothing to disclose.
Reformed Pietism and Protestant Missions

As Matthew concludes his Gospel, he records that the resurrected Christ met with the eleven disciples on the mountain which He had appointed. There the Lord spoke to them, saying, “All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world.” In our time, these words are synonymous with the missionary movement of the Protestant Church. Yet among the first generations of Protestants there were few voices raised on behalf of missions, and more than seventy years passed before the first Reformed exegete declared that Christ's injunction “remains in full force, and perfectly binding on the Church, so long as there shall be nations ignorant of the Lord.” And nearly two more decades were to pass before a small group of Reformed pietists gave form to the earliest, continuing Protestant missionary endeavor.
Dynamic strategic responses among advertisers: the case of meat products

The case of strategic advertising response is examined for branded and generic meat products (beef, pork, and poultry). A dynamic conceptual model is developed to identify the determinants of advertising expenditures. A time-series model is then used to examine the competitive behavior of branded and generic meat advertisers. The results identify two types of advertising strategies; those based upon changes in revenues and those based upon changes in competitor advertising expenditures. Most groups employ a mix of revenue-based and advertising-based strategies. The results identify examples of both strategic substitutes and strategic complements. No long-run response to generic advertising by brand advertisers in the same commodity group is found.
Conductivity artifacts in optical-pump THz-probe measurements of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7

Transient changes in the complex conductivity of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 have been measured with optical-pump THz-probe spectroscopy. Artifacts in the conductivity arise when optical excitation induces changes in the material response that occur on a time scale comparable with or faster than the THz pulse width. A model is presented that agrees with experiments and provides insight in distinguishing between artifacts and real features in transient conductivity measurements.
Respiratory Failure and Sepsis Are the Major Causes of ICU Admissions and Mortality in Survivors of Lung Transplants

Study objective: To identify outcome predictors and prognostic factors in long-term survivors (> 30 days post-transplant) of single-lung and double-lung transplants on readmission to the medical ICU (MICU). Design: Retrospective study. Setting: MICU of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, a lung transplantation center. Patients: As of August 2000, 210 lung transplantations have been performed at our institution. The records of 33 lung transplant recipients who required readmission to the MICU after the initial 30-day post-transplant period over a 4-year period from August 16, 1996 to August 15, 2000 were reviewed. Results: Thirty-three patients had a total of 46 MICU readmissions. Twenty-seven MICU admissions (59%) were due to respiratory deterioration with mechanical ventilation (10 deaths), and 16 MICU admissions (35%) were due to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; 8 deaths). The MICU mortality rate was 37% per admission in our group of patients. A preadmission diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was observed in 7 of 14 nonsurvivors (50%) and in 5 of 25 patients (20%) surviving to hospital discharge. Conclusions: Respiratory failure and SIRS are the predominant causes of MICU readmissions and are frequent causes of death. APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) III scores, nonpulmonary organ system dysfunction, initial serum albumin level, and duration of mechanical ventilation are important prognostic factors.
Studies towards diarylheptanoid synthesis. Part 1: Synthesis and ring cleavage reactions of hexahydro-2H,5H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyran-2-ones ☆

Lewis acid promoted anomeric substitution reactions of a stereoselectively prepared hexahydro-2H,5H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyran-2-one derivative was studied as a model for diarylheptanoid synthesis. Aromatic nucleophiles consistently provided the expected thermodynamic C-aryl pyranoside product.
Admission and Retention of Students—A Critical Consideration in Quality Graduate Programs

(1978). Admission and Retention of Students—A Critical Consideration in Quality Graduate Programs. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 52-58.
TMIC-14DEPLETION OF GLIOMA INFILTRATING MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS PROMOTES ANTI-TUMOR T CELL RESPONSES.

TMIC-14. DEPLETION OF GLIOMA INFILTRATING MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS PROMOTES ANTI-TUMOR T
Stable finite volume element schemes for the shallow-ice approximation

The isothermal, non-sliding shallow-ice approximation, combined with mass conservation, is a fundamental model for ice-sheet and glacier flow. It determines the ice extent, geometry and velocity by the solution of a free-boundary problem. In this paper, the steady-state form of this problem is solved directly, without time-stepping, thereby demonstrating a fully implicit scheme with no stability restrictions. The classical Mahaffy (1976) finite difference method is first reinterpreted as a ‘finite volume element’ scheme that has both an everywhere-defined approximate thickness function and an approximation of the conservation equation in flux integral form. From this reinterpretation an improved scheme is built by using better quadrature in the integral and upwinding on that part of the flux which is proportional to the bed gradient. The discrete equations are then solved by a parallel Newton scheme which respects the constraint that ice thickness is non-negative. The results show good accuracy on both flat-bed and bedrock-step exact solutions. The method is then applied at high resolution to model the steady-state geometry of the Greenland ice sheet, using only bedrock elevation and present-day surface mass balance as input data.
The magnitude of heat stress-induced reductions in cerebral perfusion does not predict heat stress-induced reductions in tolerance to a simulated hemorrhage

The mechanisms responsible for heat stress-induced reductions in tolerance to a simulated hemorrhage are unclear. Although a high degree of variability exists in the level of reduction in tolerance...
Evidence for the Cloning of Deinococcus radiodurans DNA Fragments that Render Escherichia coli Radiation Resistant

DNA from the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans was isolated and used to generate a cosmid library. This cosmid library was grown in Escherichia coli and radiation-resistant E. coli were isolated. Following exposure to 1000 Gy the radiation-resistant transformants exhibited a survival of approximately 10(-1) instead of the 10(-11) exhibited by the nontransformed E. coli. Smaller fragments of DNA were subcloned from the radiation-resistant E. coli; these fragments bestow similar levels of radiation resistance (ratio of slopes = 6.8) to native E. coli upon transfection.
Operationalizing Mass Customization - A Conceptual Model Based on Recent Studies in Furniture Manufacturing

The notion that mass customization (MC) can improve the competitiveness of the US furniture industry has implications for fundamental changes in the business models of furniture manufacturers. The industry has traditionally pursued a concept of competitiveness based on price rather than on value-delivery, which is more compatible with a MC strategy. Thus, a shift towards a MC strategy without a clear application roadmap is likely to have undersirable business consequences. In this study, we synthesize insights from previous research to conceptualize a value-delivery framework for making MC operational in the US furniture industry. we propose the "3P Operational Model" as a baseline for researchers and manufacturers exploring a link between MC and competitiveness. Pending empirical validation, we expect our model to have application for comparable manufacturing systems.
A Reactive Power Variation Islanding Detection Method for PV Grid-connected System

Islanding detection is an essential function of photovoltaic(PV) grid-connected inverter.Based on the reactive power variation islanding detection principle analysis of PV grid-connected system and traditional reactive power variation detection realization method,this paper presents a mixed unidirectional and bidirectional reactive power variation (MUBRPV) islanding detection method.PV inverter applies a small bidirectional amplitude reactive power variation for grid-connected system and detects the frequency drift instantaneously,ensures positive feedback variation direction quickly and applies unidirectional positive feedback variation.The method can detect islanding quickly and has nondetection zone,meanwhile influence the power quality least.
The Role of Open Stone Surgery Since Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Of 893 stone procedures 37 (4.1 per cent) performed during the first 19 months after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was instituted at our medical center were open operations. Procedures included ureterolithotomy in 23 patients (with simultaneous pyelolithotomy in 1), anatrophic nephrolithotomy in 8, pyelolithotomy in 3 (with concomitant pyeloplasty in 2), partial nephrectomy in 2 and nephrolithotomy with a bowel segment inlay in 1. The most common reasons for electing an open operation were unsuccessful endoscopic stone manipulation, presence of anatomical obstruction in the intrarenal collecting system or ureter, morbid obesity and underlying medical problems precluding lengthy repeated endourological procedures. Over-all surgical results were excellent. Our study indicates that patients who presently require an open stone operation have complex calculous disease associated with a variety of anatomical and physiological problems. Despite this finding good results may be attained.
Spatial Dimensions of Racial Inequality: Neighborhood Racial Characteristics and Drug Sentencing

While scholars have noted that The War on Drugs has disproportionately impacted Black and Latino communities, we have little understanding as to how spatial patterns of prosecution and sentencing d...
Stimulus Preference and Reinforcement Effects of the Madagascar Hissing Cockroach ( Gromphordahina portentosa ): A Case of Reverse Translational Research

The present study examined a reverse translational approach to extending the stimulus preference assessment and reinforcer assessment to the nonhuman species of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphordahina portentosa). Each cockroach was presented with a series of multiple stimulus preference assessment without replacement (MSWO) that contained 4 food types. Once each cockroach demonstrated a preference for a specific food item, they were exposed to a reinforcer assessment that examined rate of responding under the contingent FR1 delivery of either their highest or lowest preferred stimulus. Our findings reveal clear, individualized preference across cockroaches and subsequently differential rates of responding during the reinforcer assessment. These data suggest that not only are organisms as primitive as cockroaches able to demonstrate preferences among potential reinforcers but that they may also serve as a good animal model for continued explorations of the preference assessment technologies that abound in the applied and clinical settings. Implications for future research and the utility of animal models for the applied behavior analyst are presented.
Towards an Improved LAI Collection Protocol via Simulated and Field-Based PAR Sensing.

In support of NASA’s next-generation spectrometer—the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI)—we are working towards assessing sub-pixel vegetation structure from imaging spectroscopy data. Of particular interest is Leaf Area Index (LAI), which is an informative, yet notoriously challenging parameter to efficiently measure in situ. While photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) sensors have been validated for measuring crop LAI, there is limited literature on the efficacy of PAR-based LAI measurement in the forest environment. This study (i) validates PAR-based LAI measurement in forest environments, and (ii) proposes a suitable collection protocol, which balances efficiency with measurement variation, e.g., due to sun flecks and various-sized canopy gaps. A synthetic PAR sensor model was developed in the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model and used to validate LAI measurement based on first-principles and explicitly-known leaf geometry. Simulated collection parameters were adjusted to empirically identify optimal collection protocols. These collection protocols were then validated in the field by correlating PAR-based LAI measurement to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) extracted from the “classic” Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-C) data ( R 2 was 0.61). The results indicate that our proposed collecting protocol is suitable for measuring the LAI of sparse forest (LAI < 3–5 ( m 2 / m 2 )).
Analyzing Navigation Patterns to Scaffold Metacognition in Hypertext Systems

One of the affordances of hypertext environments is the freedom to choose the order of information presentation. However, learners may have difficulty self-regulating their learning in order to make navigation decisions that align with their goals. This chapter presents our work in helping students learn from hypertext using the CoMPASS hypertext system in middle school science classes. The CoMPASS system design includes navigable concept maps that reflect connections among concepts in the domain of physics and are used to help students understand the relationships between science ideas. In CoMPASS, students’ self-regulated behavior is detected through the use of computer-generated log files that allow us analyze student navigation behavior post hoc and create clusters of navigation patterns. We are then able to examine these clusters of navigation patterns to determine differences in students’ SRL processes and the types of scaffolding that they may need. This chapter presents five different navigation pattern clusters that have been identified as typical of students’ navigation behavior in CoMPASS. We further discuss how these clusters will be matched to the navigation behaviors of future students and used to inform an algorithm that will provide adaptive real-time navigation prompts in order to scaffold metacognition and self-regulated learning.
Practical Benefits of Case Reporting

Case reports are an undervalued component of the medical literature. They represent an important mechanism for disseminating novel observations to a broad audience. Case reports form the foundation of the evidence-based pyramid; these early observations inform larger, more rigorous research studies which can have far-reaching implications for population and public health. Case reports allow clinicians to share experiences that may deviate from the accepted standards of care, either because a case does not fall within the scope of established guidelines or due to patient preference regarding treatment. Publishing a case report is an achievable goal for many trainees and junior clinicians interested in developing their medical writing skills and building a track record of publication. This chapter addresses the practical benefits of case reporting with a focus on the role of case reports in enhancing the medical literature, patient care, and career development.
Distribution and Resistance to Pasteurization of Aflatoxin M1 in Naturally Contaminated Whole Milk, Cream and Skim Milk.

Milk, naturally contaminated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was separated with a hand-operated separator. Distribution of AFM1 paralleled the partitioning of whole milk into cream and skim milk. Most of the whole milk was recovered as skim milk, which also contained most of the AFM1. Cream accounted for 5-15% of the amount of whole milk and had 2-14% of AFM1 that originally occurred in whole milk. Cream and skim milk were pasteurized at 64°C for 30 min, AFM1 was stable in both products given this heat treatment.
Development and Validation of the Faceted Inventory of the Five-Factor Model (FI-FFM).

The Faceted Inventory of the Five-Factor Model (FI-FFM) is a comprehensive hierarchical measure of personality. The FI-FFM was created across five phases of scale development. It includes five facets apiece for neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness; four facets within agreeableness; and three facets for openness. We present reliability and validity data obtained from three samples. The FI-FFM scales are internally consistent and highly stable over 2 weeks (retest rs ranged from .64 to .82, median r = .77). They show strong convergent and discriminant validity vis-a-vis the NEO, the Big Five Inventory, and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Moreover, self-ratings on the scales show moderate to strong agreement with corresponding ratings made by informants ( rs ranged from .26 to .66, median r = .42). Finally, in joint analyses with the NEO Personality Inventory-3, the FI-FFM neuroticism facet scales display significant incremental validity in predicting indicators of internalizing psychopathology.
Long‐term outcomes of simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients

Pediatric sHKTx has become an effective therapy for patients with combined cardiac and renal failure. Often, these patients develop human leukocyte antigen antibodies from their previous allografts and are therefore more difficult to re-transplant. We describe the largest case series of a predominantly sensitized pediatric sHKTx with emphasis on medical management and patient outcomes. Demographics, clinical characteristics, antibody, and biopsy data were retrospectively collected from University of California, Los Angeles database and correlated with short- and long-term patient and allograft outcomes of all sHKTx performed between 2002 and 2015. We identified seven pediatric patients who underwent sHKTx at our center. Mean age at time of sHKTx was 13.7 years and 85.7% were re-graft patients. 57.1% were sensitized with cPRA >50% and another 57.1% had preformed donor-specific antibody. Five-year renal allograft survival and patient survival was 85.7% for both end-points. The remaining six patients are all alive (mean follow-up 78.5 months) with good kidney and heart function. sHKTx in a population with increased immunological risk can be associated with good long-term outcomes and offers potential guidance to the pediatric transplant community where data are limited.
A probabilistic atlas of fiber crossings for variability reduction of anisotropy measures

Diffusion imaging enables assessment of human brain white matter (WM) in vivo. WM microstructural integrity is routinely quantified via fractional anisotropy (FA). However, FA is also influenced by the number of differentially oriented fiber populations per voxel. To date, the precise statistical relationship between FA and fiber populations has not been characterized, complicating microstructural integrity assessment. Here, we used 630 state-of-the-art diffusion datasets from the Human Connectome Project, which allowed us to infer the number of fiber populations per voxel in a model-free fashion. Beyond the known impact on mean FA, variance of anisotropy distributions was drastically impacted, not only for FA, but also the more recent anisotropy indices generalized FA and multidimensional anisotropy. To ameliorate this bias, we introduce a probabilistic WM atlas delineating the number of distinctly oriented fiber populations per voxel. Our atlas shows that the majority of WM voxels features two differentially directed fiber populations (44.7%) rather than unidirectional fibers (32.9%) and identified WM regions with high numbers of crossing fibers, referred to as crossing pockets. Compartmentalizing anisotropy drastically reduced variance in group comparisons ranging from the whole brain to a few voxels in a single slice. In summary, we demonstrate a systematic effect of intra-voxel diffusion inhomogeneity on anisotropy. Moreover, we introduce a potential solution: The provided probabilistic WM atlas can easily be used with any given diffusion dataset to enhance the statistical robustness of anisotropy measures and increase their neurobiological utility.
Leveraging terminologies for retrieval of radiology reports with critical imaging findings.

INTRODUCTION Communication of critical imaging findings is an important component of medical quality and safety. A fundamental challenge includes retrieval of radiology reports that contain these findings. This study describes the expressiveness and coverage of existing medical terminologies for critical imaging findings and evaluates radiology report retrieval using each terminology. METHODS Four terminologies were evaluated: National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (NCIT), Radiology Lexicon (RadLex), Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED-CT), and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM). Concepts in each terminology were identified for 10 critical imaging findings. Three findings were subsequently selected to evaluate document retrieval. RESULTS SNOMED-CT consistently demonstrated the highest number of overall terms (mean=22) for each of ten critical findings. However, retrieval rate and precision varied between terminologies for the three findings evaluated. CONCLUSION No single terminology is optimal for retrieving radiology reports with critical findings. The expressiveness of a terminology does not consistently correlate with radiology report retrieval.
The 2016 Computational Analogy Workshop at ICCBR

Computational analogy and case-based reasoning (CBR) are closely related research areas. Both employ prior cases to reason in complex situations with incomplete information. Analogy research often focuses on modeling human cognitive processes, the structural alignment between a base/source and target, and adaptation/abstraction of the analogical source content. While CBR research also deals with alignment and adaptation, the field tends to focus more on retrieval, case-base maintenance, and pragmatic solutions to real-world problems. However, despite their obvious overlap in research goals and approaches, cross communication and collaboration between these areas has been progressively diminishing. CBR and computational analogy researchers stand to benefit greatly from increased exposure to each other's work and greater cross-pollination of ideas. The objective of this workshop is to promote such communication by bringing together researchers from the two areas, to foster new collaborative endeavors, to stimulate new ideas and avoid reinventing old ones.
Evaluation of 4 molecular assays as part of a 2-step algorithm for the detection of Clostridium difficile in stool specimens

Detection of Clostridium difficile infection is important for clinical laboratories, owing to debilitating disease, severe outcomes, patient awareness, and public reporting of hospital data. This study evaluated the performance of 4 nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) assays as part of a 2-step algorithm that involves reflexive NAAT following enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing that is indeterminate for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxin A/B (GDH+/toxin- or GDH-/toxin+). A total of 500 stool specimens from consecutive patients were tested by each of the 5 methods and also evaluated as part of a 2-step algorithm. A specimen was considered positive for presence of C. difficile if it tested positive by 3 of 4 molecular methods or toxigenic culture. The sensitivity and specificity of the GDH-EIA method were each 93%. The toxin EIA had only 48% sensitivity, but it had 99% specificity. Sensitivity and specificity of 2-step algorithmic testing ranged from 88% to 93% and 99% to 100%, respectively, offering similar performance to stand-alone NAAT testing.