cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formulating a strategic portfolio of profitable retail market segments for commercial banks

Abstract A profit contribution study of commercial bank retail customers reveals systematic relationships with family life cycle, social stratification, and relative income class. The analysis leads to the conclusion that a bank's continued retail growth and profitability depend in a crucial way on its ability to attain a balanced portfolio of three key high profit market segments. To attain this mix, banks must intensify product development efforts oriented to the asset management needs of upscale customers during the later stages of the family life cycle. It is interesting to note that these three market segments are expected to attain the highest population growth rates in the decades ahead as the age distribution of the population changes.
Sustainability: Living with the Imperfections

Newton and Freyfogle (2005, this issue) do a fine job of pointing out the origins of the term sustainability and its serious defects when used as a goal for conservation. Among those defects is the arrogant presumption inherent in the implication that it is up to us to manage and sustain the planet and that we are capable of doing the job. This presumptuousness lends a self-contradictory tone to sustainability because the idea that we can and should manage everything is what has helped get us and the earth in so much trouble in the first place (Ehrenfeld 1981, 2000). This self-contradiction is particularly noticeable in the oxymoronic phrase sustainable development. The managerial implications of sustainability are real and should be explored, but because so many good conservationists use the term, I think it is also worth some effort to try to find its redeeming values as well. Nowhere are the issues raised by Newton and Freyfogle more dramatically illustrated than in the current debate about how to cope with the growing shortage of cheap energy. The demonstration and details of this shortage are beyond the scope of this paper; elsewhere I have documented the overwhelming evidence that cheap energy is disappearing rapidly (Ehrenfeld 2005), a view put fort hb ypetroleum geologists and environmental scientists alike. Sustainability is often invoked in discussions of energy. Almost always, however, energy sustainability is seen as coming about through technological change— from the development of new energy sources and improvements in the efficiency of energy generation and use—not by moral exertion and change in world view. Rarely do we hear or read about a need for voluntary (or mandatory) reduction in the frivolous use of energy that is so widespread in globalized industrial society. There are exceptions, however. In one of the best and most authoritative contemporary books on energy production and consumption, Vaclav Smil (2003) calls for energy conservation as “part of much broader appeals for moderation (if sacrifice may seem too strong a term), frugality, and
USA and the international traveller

Abstract The growth of inbound international tourism to the USA has been great in recent years yet recognition of its economic and other importance has not always grown at the same rate. David Edgell, Director of the Office of Policy and Planning of the US Travel and Tourism Administration, here argues the need for more coordinated policies towards tourism at the local and national level, for concomitant improved funding and for increasing efforts at all levels to attract the international traveller to the USA. This viewpoint is the substance of a speech made to the National Association of Regional Council's in Kansas City, Missouri, in May 1983. Since that date some moves have been made at the national level to increase federal funding for tourism.
Sequence identification of antigenic variants in plaque isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates frequently contain mixtures of antigenic variants. Using synthetic mixtures of two 'pure' viruses which differed at one amino acid of the major epitope, it was found that a minor component present as 10% or less of the mixture would be undetected by nucleic acid sequencing.
Development of node-decoupled extended Kalman filter (NDEKF) training method to design neural network diagnostic/prognostic reasoners

In this paper, we have proposed diagnostic techniques using a multilayered neural network where the weights in the network are updated using node-decoupled extended Kalman filter (NDEKF) training method. Sensor signals in both time domain and frequency domain are analyzed to show the effectiveness of the NDEKF algorithm in each domain. Comparisons of the NDEKF algorithm with other popular neural network training algorithms such as extended Kalman filter (EKF) and backpropagation (BP) will be discussed in the paper through a system identification problem. First, the simulation results reveal the comparison of outputs from actual system and trained neural network. Secondly, the ability of diagnosing a system with one normal condition and three known fault conditions is demonstrated. Thirdly, the robustness of the machine condition monitoring when the inputs to the system vary is shown. The proposed technique works even when there is noise in sensor signals as well.
Testis formation in the fetal mouse: dynamic and complex de novo tubulogenesis

Soon after Sry initiates male sex determination, cells in XY gonads undergo an unusual process of de novo cord formation that results in the organization of Sertoli cells into epithelial tubules enclosing germ cells and partitioning mesenchymal cells and vasculature to the interstitial space of the testis. Recent experiments investigating this dynamic process in four dimensions have begun to shed new light on the collective interactions of multiple cell types during morphogenesis of testis cords. WIREs Dev Biol 2012 doi: 10.1002/wdev.62 This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cell Sorting and Boundary Formation Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Sex Determination Vertebrate Organogenesis > From a Tubular Primordium: Non-Branched
Rapid identification of proteins

Abstract The amino acid composition, molecular weight, and isoelectric point of a protein can all be easily and economically determined by current electrophoretic techniques. A method which uses such easily obtained data to identify proteins is described. A computer program first corrects for systematic errors in amino acid quantitation and then searches the current sequence database for proteins with amino acid compositions similar to the corrected values, taking into account the reliability of determination of each amino acid. The program also provides the calculated molecular weight, isoelectric point, and name of each candidate, providing three further independent criteria for protein identification. The program is surprisingly sensitive, and the composition data alone, if of good quality, usually suggest the correct protein as a strong candidate if it or a close homologue is present in the database. Further studies show that proteins in the current database have amino acid compositions distinct enough to allow this method to be generally applicable. The method is a quick and cost-effective first step in protein characterization and should become increasingly useful as the number of fully sequenced proteins continues to rise.
Zeolite as a wear-resistant coating

Abstract In searching for environmentally friendly alternatives to the widely used hard chrome and cadmium coatings, conventional wisdom has been focusing on materials with a high hardness that is usually provided by dense metals or ceramics, and inevitably accompanied by a high elastic modulus. A preferred wear resistant coating should have a high hardness but a relatively low modulus because a high modulus limits the coating’s flexibility and overall wear performance. Here we show for the first time that zeolite materials, with their unique crystalline porous framework, possess this demanding balance. Zeolites’ crystallinity offers an exceptional hardness while their porosity provides a relatively low elastic modulus. Zeolite coatings are demonstrated to outperform hard chrome and cadmium coatings in wear and corrosion resistance.
EXTRA-ADRENAL SOURCES AND REGULATION OF PLASMA ASCORBIC ACID DURING HEMORRHAGE AND VISCERAL ISCHEMIA12

Elevated plasma ascorbic acid (AA) levels were observed in adrenalcctomized rats after acute hemorrhage and after hepatic ischemia induced by clamping afferent vessels to the liver (hepatic artery and portal vein). The AA elevation was proportional to the severity of the circulatory stress. Results were similar in rats adrenalectomized at the time of the experiment or 24 hours earlier. However, hypophysectomy 24 hours prior to acute adrenalectomy resulted in elevated resting levels of plasma AA and a greater response to circulatory stress. In all animals, severe hemorrhage (1.4 to 1.9 ml. blood removed over a 15 minute period) produced higher A A levels in the liver effluent (upper vena cava) than in other vessels sampled simultaneously (lower vena cava, hepatic portal vein, and dorsal aorta), suggesting that the liver was the source of the elevated plasma AA under these conditions. In contrast, the major source of elevated plasma AA during severe hepatic ischemia appeared to be the spleen inasmuch as the...
Transitions and Critical Events in the Family Life Cycle: Implications for Providing Support to Families of Children with Disabilities.

Recognizing that parental adaptation to having a child with a disability is a life-long process that occurs within the context of the family's developmental life cycle, psychologists are becoming increasingly interested in life-cycle transitions and critical events of families with a child who is disabled. Professionals are just now beginning to examine systematically the potential for periodic changes in adaptation throughout a family's life cycle and ways in which professionals can support family members. This article reviews the literature regarding transitions and critical events that present challenges to families and the sources of support that families use during such times. Implications for providing support to families are discussed.
Controlling unconfined yield strength in a humid environment through surface modification of powders

Abstract Capillary forces between particles caused by the condensation of water from the atmosphere can lead to a significant increase in bulk powder strength and in turn affect the flowability and dispersability of the powder. The effect of relative humidity on powder strength was investigated for a spherical aluminum powder with a mean particle size of 4 µm. The surface hydrophobicity of the aluminum powder was modified with n -octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) and tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-1-triethoxysilane (TDFS). Sessile drop contact angle measurements on ideal aluminum surfaces treated with ODTMS and TDFS respectively, were used to determine optimum conditioning time to produce adequately hydrophobic surfaces. It was found that one hour of treatment resulted in advancing contact angle increase from 67° for bare aluminum to 114° and 113° for ODTMS and TDFS treated surfaces respectively. The powder flow properties of the bulk powders were then subsequently measured at three humidity levels using and automated annular shear cell powder tester. An increase in the unconfined yield strength, f c , was seen at a relative humidity as low as 50 percent for the untreated aluminum powder. Further increasing the relative humidity to 80 percent resulted in a 100 percent increase in the unconfined yield strength of the untreated aluminum powder. The aluminum powders modified with TDFS and ODTMS demonstrated a smaller increase in the unconfined yield strength of 30% and 20% respectively.
Further characterizations of cubic lattice graphs

A cubic lattice graph with characteristic n is a graph whose points can be identified with the ordered triplets on n symbols and two points are adjacent whenever the corresponding triplets have two coordinates in common. An L"2 graph is a graph whose points can be identified with the ordered pairs on n symbols such that two points are adjacent if and only if the corresponding pairs have a common coordinate. The main result of this paper is two new characterizations and shows the relation between cubic lattice and L"2 graphs. The main result also suggests a conjecture concerning the characterization of interchange graphs of complete m-partite graphs.
Realities and Relationships: Soundings in Social Construction

Preface From Individual Knowledge to Communal Construction The Impasse of Individual Knowledge Crisis in Representation and the Emergence of Social Construction Constructionism in Question Social Construction and Moral Orders Criticism and Consequence Social Psychology and the Wrong Revolution The Cultural Consequences of Deficit Discourse Objectivity as Rhetorical Achievement From Self to Relationship Self-Narration in Social Life Emotion as Relationship Transcending Narrative in the Therapeutic Context The Communal Origins of Meaning Deceit: From Conscience to Community Notes References Index
Mentoring and Love: An Open Letter

This essay blends autobiographical performance, performative writing (Pollock, 1998), and theory, in letter form following in the tradition of Madison (1999) and Ono (1997), to argue for the examin...
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN PREPARATIONS RELATED TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN COMMINUTED MEAT SYSTEMS

Various protein preparations suitable for use as processed meat additives were evaluated for their physical properties that could be related to their functional properties in comminuted meat products. Each of the protein preparations were evaluated for: water absorption capacity at various temperatures, solubility at various temperatures, viscosity of suspensions of varying solids contents and gelling ability. Whey protein concentrate, peanut flour, single cell protein, and low temperature extracted chicken meat protein were added to a luncheon loaf formulation made with lean pork and pork back fat and the effect of the addition on the magnitude and direction of changes in the textural characteristics and fat and water binding were evaluated at various exchange levels of the protein. Correlations were made between the measured physical properties and protein performance in the test system. The properties of the test system with additives that were evaluated included: magnitude of fat and water released on cooking, compressive strength, and Warner Bratzler shear force of the cooked samples. Significant correlation coefficients were found between solubility at any temperature from 4.5–72°C and fat binding, solubility at 100°C and the textural mechanical properties, and water absorption capacity at 90°C and water binding. The more soluble proteins allowed more fat release on cooking, and the cooked products had lower indices for mechanical strength. The pattern of solubility change with temperature was a better index of performance, rather than solubility at a single temperature.
Dynamin and receptor‐mediated endocytosis

The internalization of receptor-bound ligands involves concentration of cell surface receptors in specialized areas of the plasma membrane and subsequent formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. The complex process of invagination, constriction and budding of clathrin-coated vesicles employs the coordinated actions of several proteins. This review is focused on the GTPase dynamin, which plays a key role in the constriction of coated pits.
Use of a membrane‐localized green fluorescent protein allows simultaneous identification of transfected cells and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry

The simultaneous detection of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and DNA content using propidium iodide (PI) by flow cytometry is made difficult because of the unique nature of these 2 fluorogenic reagents. For PI to enter cells efficiently and to stain DNA quantitatively, the cells must first be permeabilized; ethanol treatment is a routine method to achieve this. However, this permeabilization step causes GFP, which is normally found in the cytoplasm, to leach out of the cells. Although the use of paraformaldehyde-based fixatives allows GFP to be maintained in cells and retain its fluorescence even after ethanol permeabilization, the protocol we commonly employ results in inefficient PI staining and poor quality DNA histograms. To circumvent these difficulties, we have employed a GFP-fusion protein which localizes to the cellular membrane and as such is retained in cells upon ethanol permeabilization without prior fixation. This allows the GFP signal to be detected in cells treated with ethanol in preparation for PI staining and cell cycle analysis. This property facilitates the use of GFP as a marker for transfected cells in experiments designed to characterize the effects of ectopic expression of cellular or viral genes on cell cycle progression.
Behavior of sunfish exposed to herbicides: A field study

An underwater closed-circuit video system was used to remotely monitor and record the behavior of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) guarding their nests before, during, and after applications of aquatic herbicides. Nests were sprayed to achieve a nominal concentration of 4 mg/L of either a dipotassium salt of endothall (Aquathol-KD), a dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), or water (control). No significant differences in rates of nest abandonment existed among the three treatments (p > 0.10). Abandonment averaged 5.17 min for both species and herbicide treatments, whereas the herbicides persisted in the water column for at least 45 min. When abandonment occurred, congeners nearly always intruded on the nest to feed on eggs or fry. After spraying, the adjusted mean frequency of rim circling, fanning, and agonistic behaviors exhibited by bluegills guarding eggs did not differ among the three treatments (p ⩾ 0.35). These results suggest the two herbicides will not elicit pronounced shifts in reproductive behavior of sunfish when they are properly applied.
Race in America

Both the plight of African American young people and their feelings and thoughts about this plight are major issues of concern in U.S. politics. In 2003, the Black Youth Project was launched, with funding by the Ford Foundation and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, to promote both social scientific analysis and public understanding of these issues (the project has an innovative and engaging Website that can be accessed at http://www.blackyouthproject.com/). Cathy J. Cohen is the principal investigator of the project and, in Democracy Remixed, she draws upon a new national survey of black youth to offer a mixed-method empirical description and theoretical analysis of “black youth and the future of American politics.” In this symposium, a diverse group of political and social scientists have been asked to critically assess the book's account and to comment more broadly on the importance of black youth to the future of American politics.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
A theory of multiphase binary diffusion

Abstract In this paper, a theory of multiphase diffusion in binary systems is developed. Molar volume and the partitioning of the diffusing species among the product phases are considered. The growth and consumption of various product phases as the diffusion reaction progresses are described in terms of explicit partitioning factors which account for flux divergences of the diffusing species at each interphase interface. Parabolic rate subconstants of the diffusing species are introduced into the final results, a requirement arising because of partitioning.
Performance characterization of a segmented anode arcjet thruster

A modular, 1 to 2 kW class arcjet thruster incorporating a segmented anode/nozzle was operated on a thrust stand to obtain performance characteristics of the device and further study its operating characteristics under a number of experimental conditions. The nozzle was composed of five axial conducting segments isolated from one another by boron nitride spacers. The electrical configuration allowed the current delivered to the arcjet to be collected at any combination of segments. Both the current collected by each segment, and the potential difference between the cathode and each segment were monitored throughout the test period. As in previous tests a similar device, current appeared to attach diffusely in the anode when all of the segments were allowed to conduct. Improvements to the device allowed long term (4 to 8 hour) operation at steady-state and operating characteristics were repeatable over extended periods. Performance characteristics indicated that the segmented anode reasonably simulates the behavior of solid anodes of similar geometry. Current distribution depended on flow rate as the arc attachment moved downstream in the nozzle with increases in the mass flow rate. The current level had little effect on current distribution on the anode segments. Thrust measurements indicated that the current distribution in the nozzle did not significantly affect performance of the device.
Preparation of fully deuterated fatty acids by simple method.

An economical, simple, efficient system of deuterating saturated fatty acids at atmospheric pressure has been developed. Exchange is carried out between fatty acids and deuterium gas over palladium on charcoal catalyst at 195 C. The method was applied to even membered fatty acids containing from 6–14 carbon atoms. The method yielded perdeuterated fatty acids of high isotopic purity with no evidence of other reaction products.
ICV injection of the serotonin 5-HT1B agonist CP-93,129 increases the secretion of ACTH, prolactin, and renin and increases blood pressure by nonserotonergic mechanisms

This study tested whether a new serotonin (5-HT1B) agonist, 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridyl)-5-propoxy-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (CP-93,129), could be used to study the potential role of 5-HT1B receptors in the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, and renin. CP-93,129 has a high affinity for 5-HT1B receptors but low affinity for other 5-HT receptor subtypes. In addition, CP-93,129 does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The secretion of ACTH, prolactin, and renin is known to be increased after activation of 5-HT receptors. ICV injections of CP-93,129 (100 micrograms/kg) increased the plasma concentrations of ACTH, prolactin, and renin. CP-93,129 also increased blood pressure and reduced heart rate. To determine whether these effects of CP-93,129 are centrally mediated, we compared them with IP injection of the same dose of CP-93,129. IP-injected CP-93,129 did not alter blood pressure or heart rate and did not elevate plasma prolactin and renin concentrations. To determine whether 5-HT1B receptors mediate the central effects of CP-93,129, rats were pretreated with the 5-HT antagonists l-propranolol or metergoline prior to ICV injections of doses of CP-93,129 (0-100 micrograms/kg). The 5-HT1A/1B/2A/2C antagonist metergoline (0.5 mg/kg, IP) failed to inhibit the CP-93,129-induced elevation of ACTH, prolactin, or renin concentrations. In contrast, the 5-HT1A/1B/beta antagonist l-propranolol (20 micrograms/kg, ICV) inhibited the renin but not the ACTH or prolactin responses to ICV CP-93,129.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A radioactive beam facility using a large superconducting solenoid

Abstract A facility for producing well-focussed (~ 5 mm diameter) secondary beams of ≤ 20 MeV 6 He, 7 Be, 8 Li, and similar ions has been implemented. The heart of the apparatus is a superconducting solenoid operating in an asymmetric lens configuration, with large solid angle (dΩ ≥ 100 msr) for the collection of reaction products. A beam of 15-MeV 8 Li ions ( ΔE ≤ 0.6 MeV) of intensity 5 × 10 4 ions/s, produced via the 9 Be( 7 Li, 8 Li) 8 Be reaction, was scattered from targets of CH 2 , CD 2 , 9 Be, 12 C, 27 l, and 197 Au. Elastic scattering and ( 8 Li, 7 Li) reaction products are unambiguously identified. Preliminary results of measurements on the 2 H( 8 Li, 9 Be)n reaction, as well as the status of a project to upgrade the 8 Li beam intensity to ≥ 1 ×10 6 ions/s, are reported. ft]∗|Permanent address: Physics Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
Essential Aspects in Assessing the Safety Impact of Interactions between a Drug Product and Its Associated Manufacturing System.

An emerging trend in the biotechnology industry is the utilization of plastic components in manufacturing systems for the production of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or a finished drug product (FDP). If the API, the FDP, or any solution used to generate them (for example, process streams such as media, buffers, and the like) come in contact with a plastic at any time during the manufacturing process, there is the potential that substances leached from the plastic may accumulate in the API or FDP, affecting safety and/or efficacy. In this article the author develops a terminology that addresses process streams associated with the manufacturing process. Additionally, the article outlines the safety assessment process for manufacturing systems, specifically addressing the topics of risk management and the role of compendial testing. Finally, the proper use of vendor-supplied extractables information is considered. LAY ABSTRACT: Manufacturing suites used to produce biopharmaceuticals can include components that are made out of plastics. Thus it is possible that substances could leach out of the plastics and into manufacturing solutions, and it is further possible that such leachables could accumulate in the pharmaceutical product. In this article, the author develops a terminology that addresses process streams associated with the manufacturing process. Additionally, the author proposes a process by which the impact on product safety of such leached substances can be assessed.
Litwak and Longino’s Developmental Model of Later-Life Migration: Evidence From the American Community Survey, 2005–2007:

The present study revisits Litwak and Longino’s seminal article, “Migration Patterns among the Elderly: A Developmental Perspective.” Data from the American Community Survey, 2005—2007 are exploited to partially replicate and build on the original study. Findings indicate that Florida later-life migrant exchanges with selected states in the Northeast and Midwest appear to be characterized by positively selected in-bound streams and negatively selected out-bound streams, consistent with the results reported by Litwak and Longino. The “amenity in-migrant, assistance out-migrant” pattern is also evident in the exchange of older migrants between Florida and other regions, excepting the West. Older in-migrants to Arizona from the Midwest and West similarly appear to be positively selected compared to their out-bound counterparts leaving Arizona for destinations in those same regions. Implications of these results are discussed together with study limitations and directions for further research.
Amino acids in suspended particulate matter from oceanic and coastal waters of the Pacific

Abstract The concentration of 15 amino acids in hydrolyzed particulate matter from different regions and depths of the Pacific Ocean has been measured by gas—liquid chromatography. The relative composition was similar for all samples in the euphotic zone, where the particulate amino acid (PAA) concentration ranged from 370 to 2260 nmoles/1 in coastal waters and from 90 to 260 nmoles/1 in the open ocean. Total PAA concentration dropped rapidly with depth, levelling off at 10–40 nmoles/1 below 200 m. Glycine, serine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the most abundant PAA in deep equatorial water and in deep off-shore California water. The nitrogen content of PAA could often account for 100% of the total particulate organic nitrogen present, while PAA carbon contributed up to 50% of the total particulate organic carbon in euphotic waters and down to 20% in deep waters. The protein equivalent to the total PAA content of particulate matter in near-surface waters amounted to 11–32 μg/1 at oceanic stations and up to 270 μg/1 at coastal stations.
EDUCATORS' ATTRIBUTIONS FOR STUDENTS' GRADES

Unive~~ily of Kalasas Summary.-Teachers and students assuming the role of teachers (N = 375) rated the importance of effort, ability, tasks difficulty, and reachers' attimdes in explaining grades earned by high- and low-achieving students with high, moderate, and lorn levels of motivation. A:tributions abouc abiliry distinguished protocols of highly motivated students from those of smdents with moderate and low mocivacion. Attributions about task difficulty distinguished protocols of highly motivated, low-achieving students from prorocols of lowachieving students with lower motivation. The disadvantage of attributing achievement to stable factors is discussed. Attribution theory postulates that individuals explain their personal academic performance, either success or failure, and those of others by ascriptions to ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck (Weiner, 1972, 1976, 1979, 1984). Weiner (1984) classifies these factors as internal or external, as stable or unstable, and as controllable or uncontrollal-le. For example, abiliry is internal, stable, and uncontrollable, while effort is internal, unstable, and controllable. Task difficulty is external, stable, and uncontrollable, and luck is external, unstable, and uncon'trollable. Similarly, teachers may explain a student's success or failure by the student's ability, by the amount of effort the student expends, by the difficulty of the task, or by chance factors (Cooper & Lowe, 1977). This study investigated educators' (teacher-trainees, in-service teachers, and graduate students) esplanations for the academic success or failure of hypothetical high- and lowachieving junior high-school students with different levels of motivation.
Binge eating syndromes: A review of assessment and treatment with an emphasis on clinical application

Binge eating is characterized by the ingestion of a large amount of food accompanied by a sense of loss of control and is pathognomonic of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder (BED). Research on syndromes of binge eating has burgeoned in the previous decade. This paper reviews the literature on bulimia nervosa and BED, with particular attention to issues of diagnosis, etiology, assessment, and treatment that are relevant to clinicians treating individuals with binge eating syndromes
The Rae1–Nup98 complex prevents aneuploidy by inhibiting securin degradation

The faithful segregation of replicated chromosomes during mitosis is central to maintenance of genetic stability. Two nuclear transport factors, Nup98 and Rae1, which normally regulate transport of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores, have now been found to perform a novel function in mitosis as a defence against chromosome missegregation. An anaphase inhibitor called securin is targeted for proteolysis by the anaphase-promoting complex when sister chromatid separation becomes due. Nup98 and Rae1 act by preventing the premature degradation of securin, and in their absence the cells become aneuploid, either gaining or losing extra chromosomes. Cdc20 and Cdh1 are the activating subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that drives cells into anaphase by inducing degradation of cyclin B and the anaphase inhibitor securin1. To prevent chromosome missegregation, APC activity directed against these mitotic regulators must be inhibited until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle2. Here we show that in mitosis timely destruction of securin by APC is regulated by the nucleocytoplasmic transport factors Rae1 and Nup98. We show that combined Rae1 and Nup98 haploinsufficiency in mice results in premature separation of sister chromatids, severe aneuploidy and untimely degradation of securin. We find that Rae1 and Nup98 form a complex with Cdh1-activated APC (APCCdh1) in early mitosis and specifically inhibit APCCdh1-mediated ubiquitination of securin. Dissociation of Rae1 and Nup98 from APCCdh1 coincides with the release of the mitotic checkpoint protein BubR1 from Cdc20-activated APC (APCCdc20) at the metaphase to anaphase transition. Together, our results suggest that Rae1 and Nup98 are temporal regulators of APCCdh1 that maintain euploidy by preventing unscheduled degradation of securin.
Neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy: a knowledge survey of Fellows of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess practicing obstetricians’ knowledge of the etiology and pathophysiology of neonatal encephalopathy and its relationship to cerebral palsy. METHODS: A questionnaire designed to test both knowledge and practice patterns was mailed to 413 members of the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), as well as 600 randomly selected non-Network ACOG Fellows. The questionnaire was composed of 15 knowledge questions and three clinical scenarios containing seven knowledge questions. Six of the questions directly assessed knowledge of cerebral palsy. RESULTS: Of those who returned the questionnaire, 351 practiced obstetrics and were included in the statistical analyses. For the majority of questions, “Don’t know” was the most frequent response. The next most frequent response for 8/13 questions was the correct answer. Performance was strongest as regarded actual clinical practice and relatively weak regarding the antecedents of neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. The physicians’ actual knowledge scores showed a significant correlation with their self-assessments of knowledge (r = .41, P CONCLUSION: The results of this survey identified large knowledge gaps in this area, suggesting a need to develop educational projects to address these deficits by both professional organizations and individual teachers.
Educational computer simulation of malignant hyperthermia

An educational graphic simulator was developed to provide an interactive learning environment to practice the diagnosis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia. The program incorporates a set of dynamically interacting models to present the physiologic changes associated with malignant hyperthermia and the simulated patient's response to management. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and temperature changes are presented through a graphic display of the operating room monitors. Mouse-driven input is used to manage the airway, control ventilation, manage cardiovascular and rhythm disturbances, and control fluids, electrolytes, and temperature. Medications, including dantrolene, antidysrhythmics, diuretics, and sodium bicarbonate, can be administered. Four simulated patients with different presentations of malignant hyperthermia are included to illustrate variations in the syndrome. Two of these patients are described in detail.
Relationships of soil, plant, and microbial characteristics in silt-clay and sand, tall-formSpartina alterniflora marshes

The relationships between soil texture, plant growth, and anaerobic microbial activity in two tall-formSpartina alterniflora marshes on Sapelo Island, Georgia, were compared. The soil of one marsh was composed of typical silt-clay-sized particles; the soil of the other marsh consisted of >90% sand-sized particles. The two soils supported similar biomasses ofS. alterniflora, however, plants were taller and more robust in the silt-clay-soil than in the sand soil. Total microbial adenosine triphosphate concentrations in the silt-clay and sand soils averaged 5.71 and 1.64 μg per cm3, respectively. Seawater slurries of both soils exhibited potential for microbial sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, and glucose fermentation; rates for the processes averaged 2.03 and 0.33 nmol S-cm3 per h; 1.20 and 0.87 μmol CH4 per cm3 per h; and 0.04 and 0.12 per min (rate constant) for the sand and silt-clay soils, respectively.
Uhv and xhv pressure measurements

Abstract The advances in the measurement of both total and partial pressures below 10−9 torr (uhv and xhv) in the last six years (i.e. since the uhv Gauging Workshop held in 1986) are reviewed and methods for the reduction of errors caused by soft X-ray photoemission and electron stimulated desorption are examined.
Performance Criteria Of Components Required For Electrooptic Analog-To-Digital Conversion

AbstractPerformance criteria for components required for an electrooptic A/D converter currentlyunder development are discussed. These components include pulsed diode lasers, guided -wavemodulator arrays on LiNb03, high -speed avalanche photodiodes and high -speed digital cir- cuitry. Efforts will be made to relate the effects of component performance to converterperformance.IntroductionA guided -wave electrooptic analog -to- digital (A /D) converter) is under development forconversion applications in the 4- to 6 -bit, 0.5 to 3 GSample /sec (GS /s) range. A 4 -bit device which operated at 828 MS /s and a 2 -bit device which operated at 1 GS /s have pre-viously been reported2,3 and analyzed in detail.4 The A/D converters to be discussed hereutilize inteyrated optic arrays of Ti- indiffused LiNbO3 interferometric modulators to per-form the conversion, pulsed GaAs diode lasers to perform the sampling and fast avalanchephotodiodes and high -speed digital circuits to generate the digital outputs.
The spectral variability of Triton from 1997-2000

Abstract We present the results of a three-year observational program of long-slit spectroscopy and UBVRI photometry of Triton. We find evidence for short-lived albedo variations at wavelengths less than 0.5 μm with the most notable reddening event measured in October 1997 and “normal” colors returning by May 1998. We report a possible variation in the relative 0.73/0.89 μm methane absorption band strengths, suggesting that the transport or denudation of this species may play a major role in the reddening events.
Thermal studies on piperidinium hexathiocyanatochromate(III)

Abstract Piperidinium hexathiocyanatochromate(III), (pipH)3[Cr(NCS)6], was synthesized using the molten salt pipHSCN and was found to contain nitrogen-bonded thiocyanate. The (pipH)3[Cr(NCS)6] decomposes in the range 250–370°C with the primary reaction being complete disruption of the compound to Cr(NCS)3(s) and pipHSCN(g). The reaction appears to be zero order with an activation energy of 82.4 ± 6.0 kJ mol−1. Decomposition of Cr(NCS)3 takes place at higher temperatures, but the reaction is somewhat variable.
Clinical Implications of Body Image Among Rural African‐American Women

OBJECTIVE To increase understanding of body image among rural, African-American women through open-ended interviews.
Did Dirac predict the positron

The public have long thought that physicists have something to hide. A century ago, many feared that scientists had access to the terrible secret of how to harness nuclear energy and use it to make...
Decreasing central-line blood draws by consolidation of phlebotomy timing: results of a quality improvement project

The direct central line entry rate is believed to be a major contributor to the risk of central line infections. At Mayo Clinic there was historically no schedule for obtaining blood for analysis in the pediatric ICU. A policy was implemented in May 2013 to restrict blood draws to three times daily for nonemergent blood draws only. We subsequently conducted this study to determine whether implementation of this policy was associated with a reduction of blood draws as well as central-line unique entries.
Electron Microscope Studies of the Human Epidermis The Clear Cell of Masson (Dendritic Cell or Melanocyte)

The human epidermis has been studied by electron microscopy following osmium tetroxide and potassium permanganate fixation. An anatomically distinct cell in the human epidermis has been demonstrated with features similar to the melanocyte of the hair bulb described by Barnicot, Birbeck and Cuckow (3). It is dendritic in form and does not contain tonofilaments. "Intercellular bridges" are not formed. The mitochondria are larger and more numerous than those of other epidermal cells and the endoplasmic reticulum is more complex. Some of these cells contain melanin but others are melanin-free. The cell has been interpreted as being identical with the dopa-positive, clear cell of Masson (dendritic cell of Bloch or melanocyte). We have found that many membranous structures in the human epidermis are better preserved by permanganate fixation than by osmium tetroxide fixation.
Tricritical behavior of an Ornstein-Zernike system

Abstract The “Ornstein-Zernike” tricritical point is investigated. It is found that its behavior differs markedly from both the predictions of classical theory and those of recent renormalization-group results.
Effects of surface roughness on light scattering by small particles

Roughness exists on almost all natural particle surfaces, such as spores, aerosols, cells, etc. In this paper, we study the effects of surface roughness on light scattering for spherical shaped particles. A 3D finite-difference time domain model is used to solve for all the optical properties of the scatterer. We will introduce a roughness parameter and show its effect on the light scattering properties. Our results show that surface roughness can indeed play an important role on the light scattering pattern under certain conditions.
Effect of selective adaptation on the identification of speech sounds

An experiment was performed to determine the effect of selective adaptation on the identification of synthetic speech sounds which varied along the phonetic dimension place of articulation. Adaptation with a stimulus of a particular place value led to a reduction in the number of test stimuli identified as having that place value. An identification shift was obtained even when the acoustic information specifying place value for the adapting stimulus (burst‐cued) had little in common with the information specifying place value for any of the test stimuli (transition‐cued). Removing the vowel portion of an adapting stimulus eliminated identification shift only when the resulting stimulus was no longer perceived as speechlike. The results indicate that at least part of the adaptation effect occurs at a site of phonetic, nor merely acoustic, feature analysis.
A novel conjugative plasmid from Enterococcus faecalis E99 enhances resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as a prominent healthcare-associated pathogen frequently encountered in bacteremia, endocarditis, urinary tract infection, and as a leading cause of antibiotic-resistant infections. We recently demonstrated a capacity for high-level biofilm formation by a clinical E. faecalis isolate, E99. This high biofilm-forming phenotype was attributable to a novel locus, designated bee , specifying a pilus at the bacterial cell surface and localized to a large ∼80 kb conjugative plasmid. To better understand the origin of the bee locus, as well as to potentially identify additional factors important to the biology and pathogenesis of strain E99, we sequenced the entire plasmid. The nucleotide sequence of the plasmid, designated pBEE99, revealed large regions of identity to the previously characterized conjugative plasmid pCF10. In addition to the bee locus, pBEE99 possesses an open reading frame potentially encoding aggregation substance, as well as open reading frames putatively encoding polypeptides with 60% to 99% identity at the amino acid level to proteins involved in regulation of the pheromone response and conjugal transfer of pCF10. However, strain E99 did not respond to the cCF10 pheromone in clumping assays. While pBEE99 was found to be devoid of any readily recognizable antibiotic resistance determinants, it carries two non-identical impB / mucB / samB -type genes, as well as genes potentially encoding a two-component bacteriocin similar to that encoded on pYI14. Although no bacteriocin activity was detected from an OG1RF transconjugant carrying pBEE99 against strain FA2–2, it was approximately an order of magnitude more resistant to ultraviolet radiation. Moreover, curing strain E99 of this plasmid significantly reduced its ability to survive UV exposure. Therefore, pBEE99 represents a novel conjugative plasmid that confers biofilm-forming and enhanced UV resistance traits that might potentially impact the virulence and/or fitness of E. faecalis .
Triple-helical peptides: An approach to collagen conformation, stability, and self-association

Peptides have been an integral part of the collagen triple-helix structure story, and have continued to serve as useful models for biophysical studies and for establishing biologically important sequence-structure-function relationships. High resolution structures of triple-helical peptides have confirmed the basic Ramachandran triple-helix model and provided new insights into the hydration, hydrogen bonding, and sequence dependent helical parameters in collagen. The dependence of collagen triple-helix stability on the residues in its (Gly-X-Y)(n) repeating sequence has been investigated by measuring melting temperatures of host-guest peptides and an on-line collagen stability calculator is now available. Although the presence of Gly as every third residue is essential for an undistorted structure, interruptions in the repeating (Gly-X-Y)(n) amino acid sequence pattern are found in the triple-helical domains of all nonfibrillar collagens, and are likely to play a role in collagen binding and degradation. Peptide models indicate that small interruptions can be incorporated into a rod-like triple-helix with a highly localized effect, which perturbs hydrogen bonds and places the standard triple-helices on both ends out of register. In contrast to natural interruptions, missense mutations which replace one Gly in a triple-helix domain by a larger residue have pathological consequences, and studies on peptides containing such Gly substitutions clarify their effect on conformation, stability, and folding. Recent studies suggest peptides may also be useful in defining the basic principles of collagen self-association to the supramolecular structures found in tissues.
International e‐marketing: opportunities and issues

Purpose – E‐marketing is growing at a dramatic pace and is significantly impacting customer and business market behaviors. As a result, most firms have started developing e‐marketing strategies for the web. However, the evolution and strategic direction of e‐marketing strategies in international environments has not been discussed and is the focus of this paper.Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors examine two issues based on extant literature and our previous research in this area. The authors discuss e‐marketing in an international context and develop a framework that will allow researchers and managers to understand the impact of country level effects on e‐marketing strategies. The paper proposes that the evolution of e‐marketing strategies is based on the countries infrastructure and marketing institutional development.Findings – It is found that international e‐marketing strategies are fundamentally changing, and will continue to change, marketing thought and practice in internatio...