cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Brave New World for International News? Exploring the Determinants of the Coverage of Foreign News on US Websites:

/ This study content analyzed international news published on two of the most visited websites in the US, cnn.com and www.nytimes.com. The influences of trade, existence of news agencies, national ...
Conservation of an ATP-binding domain among RecA proteins from Proteus vulgaris, Erwinia carotovora, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli K-12 and B/r.

The purified RecA proteins encoded by the cloned genes from Proteus vulgaris, Erwinia carotovora, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli B/r were compared with the RecA protein from E. coli K-12. Each of the proteins hydrolyzed ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA, and each was covalently modified with the photoaffinity ATP analog 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (8N/sub 3/ATP). Two-dimensional tryptic maps of the four heterologous RecA proteins demonstrated considerable structural conservation among these bacterial genera. Moreover, when the (..cap alpha..-/sup 32/P)8N/sub 3/ATP-modified proteins were digested with trypsin and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, a single peak of radioactivity was detected in each of the digests and these peptides eluted identically with the tryptic peptide T/sub 31/ of the E. coli K-12 RecA protein, which was the unique site of 8N/sub 3/ATP photolabeling. Each of the heterologous recA genes hybridized to oligonucleotide probes derived from the ATP-binding domain sequence of the E. coli K-12 gene. These last results demonstrate that the ATP-binding domain of the RecA protein has been strongly conserved for greater than 10/sup 7/ years.
A field programmable analog array for continuous, fuzzy, and multi-valued logic applications

We propose a novel approach to the realization of continuous, fuzzy, and multi-valued logic (mvl) circuits. We demonstrate how a general-purpose field programmable analog array (FPAA), with cells realizing simple arithmetic operations on signals, can be used for this purpose. The FPAA, which is being implemented in a bipolar transistor array technology, operates from /spl plusmn/3.3 V or /spl plusmn/5 V power supplies and works in the range of frequencies up to several hundred MHz. >
The Diversity and Biogeography of Koa-Finches (Drepanidini: Rhodacanthis), With Descriptions of Two New Species

All known populations of koa-finches, genus Rhodacanthis, became extinct in the Holocene epoch. Two new species are described here from Quaternary fossil sites in the Hawaiian Islands. One new species, from Kauai and Maui, is roughly the size of the historically known greater koa-finch (R. palmeri) but differs in having a more robust skull and in bill morphology. The second new species, from Oahu and Maui, is similar in size to the lesser koa-finch (R. flaviceps) but closer to R. palmeri in qualitative osteological traits. The two species of koa-finches known historically from the island of Hawaii are distinct in osteology from the fossil koa-finches on the older Hawaiian islands, indicating that at least two of the four known speciation events in the genus took place within approximately the past 500 kyr. However, the similarity of maxillae from Pleistocene and Holocene sites on Oahu suggests that the Oahu population maintained morphological stasis through the climate changes of the late Quaternary. The evidence that speciation occurred on the youngest island in the archipelago suggests that the process of community assembly on newly emergent Hawaiian landscapes was a stimulus to evolutionary diversification in Rhodacanthis. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 144, 527–541.
Effect of fiber losses on timing jitter in periodically amplified lightwave systems

We show that fiber losses produce an additional contribution to the timing jitter in a periodically amplified optical communication system and find that, the jitter enhancement is typically in the 30-35% range.
High-frequency radar simulations

A simulation of the University of Michigan's Multifrequency Coastal Radar (MCR) has been applied under various scenarios to compare the performance of beam forming and direction finding techniques for bearing determination. The MCR system is a phased array radar that operates at four distinct frequencies in the high frequency (HF) range in order to measure ocean surface currents at several depths. These simulations indicate a decrease in performance of the system using either algorithm for lower frequencies. The simulations also demonstrate an empirical means of generating improved estimates based on the MUSIC algorithm, and indicate advantages of applying the MUSIC algorithm in regions of large horizontal divergence.
Caregiving between two cultures: an integrative experience.

In 1995, more than half of elderly immigrants to the United States were born in Asia or the Pacific region. The purpose of this study was to describe the process of caring for elderly parents by Asian American women. Forty-one women (22 Chinese American and 19 Filipino American) caring for elderly parents were interviewed in a study based on Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology (1990). Although the women were moderately acculturated, indications of being in transition were evident. Analysis of interview data led to development of a substantive theory of caregiving between two cultures, reflecting the paradox of living and caregiving by two sets of standards and worldviews. The primary strategies used to manage the caregiving challenges were connecting and calibrating. Through personal growth and finding meaning, the caregivers integrated the caregiver role into their lives and became more connected with their families and within themselves.
Right Temporal Lobe Atrophy: A Case That Initially Presented as Excessive Piety

Objective: Variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are associated with distinct clinical, pathological, and neuroanatomical profiles. Lines of emerging research indicate a rare variant with focal atrophy of the right temporal lobe (RTLA). The objective was to present case data and discussion of an individual with RTLA in order to assist with conceptualization of this variant. Method: A 60-year-old, right-handed, college-educated Protestant minister with RTLA was evaluated. This patient presented with several hallmark behavioral and psychiatric features with personality changes, including hyper-religiosity, depression, and social disinhibition. Given the profession of the patient, the observed personality alterations (e.g., religiosity and pietism) were initially excused, which delayed diagnosis. Results: In addition to cognitive deficits, an examination of affect processing within visual and auditory channels revealed severe impairment in emotion recognition with features of prosopagnosia. Th...
When Rape Isn’t Like Combat: The Disparity Between Combat Veterans and Victims of Military Sexual Assault in Seeking Benefits for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Veterans of the United States armed forces with post-traumatic stress disorder face two evidentiary tracks in applying for disability benefits. For combat veterans, their lay testimony that a stressor occurred is sufficient to substantiate that element of a PTSD claim. For non-combat veterans, their lay testimony is insufficient and must be supplemented with other evidence. This track poses a unique burden for victims of military sexual assault. Those veterans must present the Veterans Benefit Administration with evidence created contemporaneously with their alleged assault. Often, this presents an impossible task. This Note suggests this requirement is unnecessary as the veracity of victims' claims of sexual assault is high and the potential benefit from a false claim is low.
Minding the five Ps of neurovascular assessment.

leg skiing, is on her way from the emergency department to your med-surg unit. You've received thorough baseline data from the ED nurse. This information will help you recognize changes in Janice's status before complications set in. You know that when a patient is admitted because of a fracture, you must be alert for possible nerve or vascular damage, which can result from the original trauma, application of a cast or constrictive dressing, or poor positioning. When Janice arrives on the unit, you make sure that her body and especially her injured leg are kept straight as you help her into bed, knowing that any twisting or turning could be painful. Once she's settled in bed and positioned in proper alignment, you're ready to begin your assessment.
Steady and unsteady calculations on thermal striping phenomena in triple-parallel jet

Abstract The phenomenon of thermal striping is encountered in liquid metal cooled fast reactors (LMFR), in which temperature fluctuation due to convective mixing between hot and cold fluids can lead to a possibility of crack initiation and propagation in the structure due to high cycle thermal fatigue. Using sodium experiments of parallel triple jets configuration performed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) as benchmark, numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate the temperature fluctuation characteristics in fluid and the transfer characteristics of temperature fluctuation from fluid to structure, which is important to assess the potential thermal fatigue damage. In this study, both steady (RANS) and unsteady (URANS, LES) methods were applied to predict the temperature fluctuations of thermal striping. The parametric studies on the effects of mesh density and boundary conditions on the accuracy of the overall solutions were also conducted. The velocity, temperature and temperature fluctuation intensity distribution were compared with the experimental data. As expected, steady calculation has limited success in predicting the thermal–hydraulic characteristics of the thermal striping, highlighting the limitations of the RANS approach in unsteady heat transfer simulations. The unsteady results exhibited reasonably good agreement with experimental results for temperature fluctuation intensity, as well as the average temperature and velocity components at the measurement locations.
Examining a motivational treatment and its impact on adolescents' reading comprehension and fluency

ABSTRACTThe authors' purpose was to examine adolescents' reading motivation in relation to standardized assessments of reading comprehension and fluency. After a reading pretest, 60 ninth-grade students (M age = 14.9 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. Compared to those in the control condition, those administered brief oral feedback intended to improve motivation indicated an increased focus on mastery goals and greater perceived control during a reading posttest. No differences were found with regard to four other aspects of motivation. Students in the treatment condition, including struggling readers more specifically, did not score better on the posttest measures of reading comprehension or fluency. Hence, results failed to replicate Zentall and Lee's (2012) findings with younger readers. Findings are discussed with regard to the theoretical and practical implications for understanding reading motivation.
Police-Recorded Crime and Perceived Stress among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)

While stress has been linked to poor health outcomes, little is known about the impact of objective measures of neighborhood crime on stress in patients with chronic disease. Using the Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE), we examined associations between police-recorded crime (2005–2007) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4) in four large Northern California cities (Oakland, Sacramento, San Francisco, and San Jose). We performed stratified analysis by gender and race/ethnicity using generalized linear regression models. In our study sample (n = 3188, mean age 59, range 30–77), 10 % reported high stress. In adjusted analyses, higher neighborhood all crimes rate was associated with modest increase in high stress for African-American (OR = 1.10; 95 % CI 1.02–1.22) and Latina women (OR = 1.36; 95 % CI 1.10–1.67) and property crime showed similar associations with stress for these groups of women. Visible crime was associated with stress only for Latina women (OR = 1.43; 95 % CI 1.14–1.78). We found no association between crime and stress among men or other racial/ethnic groups of women. High crime levels may disproportionately impact health among certain subpopulations. Studies using additional measures of stress are necessary to differentiate the health impact of crime-related stress from other forms of stressors among individuals living with diabetes.
Smart antennas for future reconfigurable wireless communication networks

Smart antenna technology is being considered for mobile platforms such as automobiles, cellular telephones (mobile unit), laptops, etc. This paper examines and integrates antenna array characteristics, digital signal processing algorithms (for adaptive beamforming), and the impact of these on the network throughput. The results presented here are part of a project on reconfigurable broadband (high-speed) networks.
Rasburicase Effectively Lowers Serum Uric Acid Levels in High Risk, Poor Performance Status Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Tumor lysis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with highly proliferative hematologic malignancies. Traditionally, intravenous hydration and oral allopurinol have been the mainstays of therapy. However in some patients, hyperuricemia and renal failure still occur. The resultant renal failure precludes the administration of full doses of chemotherapy and results in a poor treatment outcome. Recently we participated in a large phase III randomized trial comparing rasburicase with standard allopurinol therapy. Rasburicase is a recombinant urate oxidase that effectively reduces serum uric acid due to conversion of uric acid into allantoin, a readily excretable and soluble substance. The results of that study are reported in a separate abstract. However while the study was open, we treated 12 extremely high risk, newly diagnosed hematologic malignancy patients who were ineligible for the study with commercially available rasburicase off study. The reasons for study ineligibility were ECOG Performance Status 4 and/or expected survival of less than one month. Other baseline characteristics: Diagnosis: Burkitts ALL: 3, AML: 7, CML-BP: 1, T-ALL: 1; Age: 64 (27–85), Sex: 6M/6F; WBC: 58,000/mm 3 (1.6- 245,000); LDH: 2201 U/l (1068- >2500); # of preexisting comorbid medical conditions: 4 (0–7); chemotherapy: hyper-CVAD: 4, standard ara-c based rx: 5, high dose ara-C based rx: 3. Nine patients received one dose of rasburicase (0.2 mg/kg IV), 3 patients required a second dose. The median uric acid levels were: pretreatment : 9.2 mg/dl (2.8–28.6), at 24 hours:
Taste Modulation of Fluid Intake

In any discussion of “nonregulatory” or “nonhomeostatic” determinants of behavior, the influence of taste on ingestion is certain to receive at least a mention. And at first glance, the phenomena observed when animals are offered various sapid materials are impressive to one accustomed to think of animals as “finely tuned regulatory machines” (Emits and Corbit, 1973).
NEOINTIMAL PATTERN AND CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION: COMPARISON BETWEEN FIRST GENERATION AND SECOND GENERATION DRUG-ELUTING STENTS

Background: The difference in neointimal pattern between first generation drug eluting stent (G1-DES) and second generation DES (G2-DES) and its clinical significance have not been systematically studied. Methods: A total of 499 patients with 696 DES, who underwent follow-up optical coherence
Plasmonics: Femtosecond polarization switching

High-speed control of polarization may lead to ultrafast modulators and help explore polarization-dependent ultrafast dynamics in matter. Now, femtosecond polarization switching is realized through intraband optical excitation in an ultrathin semiconductor layer.
Life in the Goldilocks Zone: Perceptions of Place Disruption on the Periphery of the Bakken Shale

Community impacts from oil development in the Bakken Shale, located in the north central region of the United States, have been well reported in the press, including highly publicized accounts of s...
Optical Electrophysiology in the Developing Heart

The heart is the first organ system to form in the embryo. Over the course of development, cardiomyocytes with differing morphogenetic, molecular, and physiological characteristics are specified and differentiate and integrate with one another to assemble a coordinated electromechanical pumping system that can function independently of any external stimulus. As congenital malformation of the heart presents the leading class of birth defects seen in humans, the molecular genetics of heart development have garnered much attention over the last half century. However, understanding how genetic perturbations manifest at the level of the individual cell function remains challenging to investigate. Some of the barriers that have limited our capacity to construct high-resolution, comprehensive models of cardiac physiological maturation are rapidly being removed by advancements in the reagents and instrumentation available for high-speed live imaging. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of imaging approaches for assessing cardiac development, describe some of the reagents and tools required to perform live imaging in the developing heart, and discuss how the combination of modern imaging modalities and physiological probes can be used to scale from subcellular to whole-organ analysis. Through these types of imaging approaches, critical insights into the processes of cardiac physiological development can be directly examined in real-time. Moving forward, the synthesis of modern molecular biology and imaging approaches will open novel avenues to investigate the mechanisms of cardiomyocyte maturation, providing insight into the etiology of congenital heart defects, as well as serving to direct approaches for designing stem-cell or regenerative medicine protocols for clinical application.
School Security and Its Corporate Offerings

This chapter examines the corporatization of school security, specifically the funding that is provided by governments to buy what is often military-grade equipment, the marketing of the equipment, and the attractiveness of the equipment for individuals who are enamoured with technology as a way of solving life’s problems. While companies and the security industry promote the equipment as a means of ‘saving lives’, this chapter demonstrates that the use of the equipment has little to do with effectiveness but rather with the appeal of high-tech equipment and the enticements that are made to urge school systems to buy into the school security regime.
Gene-environment interactions in high-risk populations

Abstract Gene × environment interactions are thought to play a key role in the risk and onset of bipolar disorder (BD). This hypothesis is based on several reports showing an association between BD and previous exposure to certain stimuli during early life (such as prenatal infection, substance use, early parental loss, childhood trauma, and a dysfunctional family environment), as well as the fact that the high heritability of BD seen in twin studies has not been fully explained by molecular genetic studies. This chapter will discuss the growing body of evidence suggesting the occurrence of gene × environment interactions in BD, with a particular focus on vulnerable youth and impact of stressors early in life. Finally, the clinical implications and future outlook of the field are discussed in light of current limitations.
Isolation of Expressed Sequences from the Chromosome 17q21 BRCA1 Region by Magnetic Bead Capture

Magnetic bead capture of cDNAs utilizes biotin-streptavidin magnetic bead technology to isolate expressed sequences from large genomic regions, resulting in several thousand-fold enrichment of selected cDNAs. The technique allows parallel analysis of several genomic segments of varying complexity. Expressed sequences from a variety of tissue sources can also be identified simultaneously. To evaluate this approach, we have applied it to pools of cosmid clones from the interval on chromosome 17q21 which contains the familial early onset breast cancer gene (BRCA1). We describe the characterization of 9 potentially unique cDNAs which were isolated from one pool of 7 minimally overlapping cosmids representing a subset of the BRCA1 candidate region. Overall, the method is shown to detect a large fraction of coding sequences in cosmid clones. Advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed.
Noisy and Missing Data Regression: Distribution-Oblivious Support Recovery

Many models for sparse regression typically assume that the covariates are known completely, and without noise. Particularly in high-dimensional applications, this is often not the case. Worse yet, even estimating statistics of the noise (the noise covariance) can be a central challenge. In this paper we develop a simple variant of orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) for precisely this setting. We show that without knowledge of the noise covariance, our algorithm recovers the support, and we provide matching lower bounds that show that our algorithm performs at the minimax optimal rate. While simple, this is the first algorithm that (provably) recovers support in a noise-distribution-oblivious manner. When knowledge of the noise-covariance is available, our algorithm matches the best-known l2-recovery bounds available. We show that these too are min-max optimal. Along the way, we also obtain improved performance guarantees for OMP for the standard sparse regression problem with Gaussian noise.
Continuous runtime profiling of OpenMP applications

In this paper we investigate the merits of combining tracing and profiling with the goal of limiting data volume and enabling a manual interpretation, while retaining some temporal information about the program execution characteristics. We discuss the general dimensions of performance data and which new kind of performance displays can be derived by adding a temporal dimension to profiling-type data. Among the most useful new displays are overheads over time which allows the location of when overheads such as synchronization arise in the target application and performance counter heatmaps that show performance counters for each thread over time.
HIGH FIELD MAGNETISM OF SURFACE ELECTRONS

Abstract : It is found that surface electrons show peculiar magnetic properties under a very strong magnetic field and at very low temperatures. When plotted against a dimensionless ratio, the peak values of the ideal susceptibility increase as even integral multiples of the unit value which occurs when the ratio is odd. Such a variation should make an accurate determination of the Bohr magneton possible, but temperature and Coulomb effects supress the peak values. For very small gamma o electron correlations are expected to cause an inversion of the oscillations at the point where the ground state energy in the absence of magnetic field vanishes.
Myelin and Myelination

A compound may be neurotoxic by virtue of being targeted to perturb some metabolic, structural, or functional property characteristic of myelin or myelinating cells. Myelin and myelination are described in this section, with emphasis on points relevant to understanding neurotoxic mechanisms. More information is readily available in collections of more specialized reviews of subtopics relevant to myelin.
Working Reaction Article to 2016 Autonomous Vehicle Safety Regulation World Congress: Tort Liability for Autonomous Vehicles – Educating Lawmakers and Testing Autonomous Decision Makers

During the 2016 Autonomous Vehicle Safety Regulation World Congress, designated liability panelists summarized the most pressing legal issues in autonomous vehicles today. The introduction of autonomous vehicles over the next several decades will dramatically alter not only the automotive industry, but also impact society at large, making regulatory revision necessary in numerous legal fields. This article focuses specifically on tort liability implications – examining a path forward, which builds upon existing tort principles to accommodate adoption of the new technology.
Self-Assembling Intrauterine Device (Upod) Modulation of the Reproductive Cycle in Mares.

Abstract The present study evaluated a novel intrauterine device for its effect on estrus suppression. The self-assembling intrauterine device (Upod) consists of three 12 mm × 26 mm elliptically shaped units each with a magnetic core and coated with a polymer (total weight 22.5 g). Each magnetic unit is inserted independently from the other. Once inside the uterus, these magnetic elliptical units self-assemble and adapt the lower energy “ring” conformation. In mares, the devices can be inserted at any stage of the estrous cycle without the need for multiple exams. Shatter-proof grade material is used to assure safety for long-term use. The Upod is inserted and retrieved using an applicator and magnetic retriever. In experiment 1, Upods were inserted postovulation in 15 mares during estrus. The mean duration of diestrus was 73.4 ± 36.6 days (mean ± S.D.). Endometrial biopsies showed no significant differences before and after Upod placement. In experiment 2, Upods were inserted regardless of the stage of the estrous cycle in 14 mares. The mean duration of diestrus was 51.3 ± 22.7 days (mean ± S.D). The presence of the Upod was monitored by transrectal ultrasound and an external handheld metal detector. Progesterone was assayed to monitor corpus luteum lifespan, and the mean duration of diestrus was significantly extended in both experiments compared to the control group. Eight mares were randomly selected to be bred the following year, with 100% conception rate post-Upod retrieval.
PHENAZINE METHOSULFATE AS A “BYPASS REAGENT” IN THE REDUCTION OF MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROMES

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes role of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) as a bypass reagent in the reduction of microsomal cytochromes. It has been established that cytochrome P-450(P-450)-dependent NADPH-supported xenobiotic oxidation involves a complex electron transport process. Although the role of cytochrome b 5 (b 5 ) is still being dabated, NADPH P-450 reductase is required in reconstituted systems. Because procedures for isolation of highly purified P-450 are available, replacement of this reductase by a chemical electron mediator would not only make the system more defined but also provide a tool for the elucidation of xenobiotic oxidation mechanisms by P-450. In a study described in the chapter, PMS was selected to explore this possibility because it is an electron mediator that can be reduced nonenzymatically by NAD(P)H. Its reoxidation rate is 7 S for NADH reduced PMS, and it generates superoxide anions. The results suggest that mammalian hepatic microsomal P-450 and b 5 can be completely reduced by NAD(P)H in the absence of their reductases when the reaction mixture contains an optimal concentration of PMS.
Predicting Clinical Outcome After Mechanical Thrombectomy: The GADIS (Gender, Age, Diabetes Mellitus History, Infarct Volume, and Sex) Score

Objective To investigate predictive factors and develop an outcome assessment tool to determine clinical outcome after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (EMT) in patients presenting with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out of a prospective cohort of patients presenting with LVO who underwent EMT after adoption of an expanded time window of ≤24 hours. Final cerebral infarction volume (CIV) after EMT was estimated using magnetic resonance imaging segmentation software. Stepwise linear regression models were used to identify factors that determined clinical outcome and to develop a predictive scale. Results Ninety patients underwent EMT over 19 months (68 within 6 hours and 22 between 6 and 24 hours). Clinical outcome determined using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge and 3 months was no different among these subcohorts. A threshold of 16.99 mL of CIV, using the Youden index, resulted in a sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 58.1% for predicting mRS score of 0–2. A regression model identified gender, age, diabetes mellitus status, CIV, and smoking status as outcome determinants, which were used to develop the GADIS (Gender, Age, Diabetes Mellitus History, Infarct Volume, and Sex) scoring system to predict good clinical outcome. Using the GADIS score, Conclusions The GADIS score for patients with LVO-related acute ischemic stroke includes CIV after EMT and helps in early short-term prognostication. It is not intended to predict preintervention patient selection or outcome prediction.
Reciprocal and Autonomous Glucocorticoid and Androgen Receptor Activation in Salivary Duct Carcinoma

Purpose: To determine the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and androgen receptor (AR) in salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and analyze the role of these proteins in the development and management of this disease entity. Experimental Design: We performed a phenotypic assessment of GR and AR localization and expression and determined in the association with clinicopathologic factors in 67 primary SDCs. Invitro functional and response analysis of SDC cell lines was also performed. Results: Of the 67 primary tumors, 12 (18%) overexpressed GR protein, 30 (45%) had constitutive expression, and 25 (37%) had complete loss of expression. Reciprocal GR and AR expression was found in 32 (48%) tumors, concurrent constitutive GR and AR expression in 23 (34%), and simultaneous loss of both receptors and high GR with AR expressions were found in 12 (18%). GR overexpression was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes. In vitro ligand-independent AR response was observed in both male- and female-derived cell lines. GR antagonist treatment resulted in decreased cell proliferation and survival in GR-overexpressing cells, irrespective of AR activation status. Reciprocal GR and AR knockdown experiments revealed a lack of interaction. Conclusions: Our study, for the first time, demonstrates differential GR and AR expressions, autonomous GR and AR activation, and ligand-independent AR response in SDC cells. These findings provide critical information on the roles of GR and AR steroid receptors in SDC tumorigenesis and may lead to the development of a biomarker-based strategy to guide targeted steroid receptor therapy trials in patients with these tumors.
Do I Really Want to Hear the News? Public Information Arrival and Investor Beliefs

We provide new empirical evidence on the implications of public information arrival for investors' beliefs, using a daily measure of dispersion (uncertainty) of beliefs about firm underlying return distribution. Consistent with convergence in beliefs (less disagreement), the arrival of public firm-specific information reduces beliefs dispersion. The effect is stronger for events that are salient, have media coverage, and attract institutional investors' attention. The effect of macroeconomic announcements is weaker than the effect of firm-specific events. In contrast, events involving frictions between firm stakeholders increase beliefs dispersion.
African American Recruitment in Early Heart Failure Palliative Care Trials: Outcomes and Comparison With the ENABLE CHF-PC Randomized Trial.

Background:Palliative care trial recruitment of African Americans (AAs) is a formidable research challenge.Objectives:Examine AA clinical trial recruitment and enrollment in a palliative care rando...
The Method and the Message

“If you build it, they will come,” has been the silent mantra of law teaching programs across the United States since the days of Christopher Columbus Langdell. For generations, law schools have modeled themselves on the Langdellian system, a system made famous by films like The Paper Chase and Legally Blonde. This is a system that, according to those depictions set forth in popular culture, breeds a ferocious brand of competitive nastiness and a value-system that prioritizes looking good and looking smart, which, all too often, are the same thing. At the same time that popular culture has dramatized the more notorious myths surrounding the legal academy, scholars focused on law student success have identified an alarming real-world phenomenon: law student depression is on the rise. Students entering law school experience a marked decline in subjective well-being over the course of the first year, and their sense of balance and autonomy support continues to decline throughout law school, leveling off only in the early years of practice. Much has been written describing the depression epidemic in today's law schools, and scholars in the field of law student distress agree that further inquiry is warranted. A lack of autonomy support, the employment of a language that challenges students’ most basic and closely held values of justice and equality, and environmental features that push students to value the extrinsic, in lieu of the intrinsic, have all been cited as potential causes of the increasing prevalence of depression among law students. This paper proposes a new framework for understanding some of the sources of law student depression. Primarily, this article argues that a possible source of law student distress is the institutional encouragement of a fixed, or entity theory of intelligence, which is communicated to students through various forms of ability praise. This article will establish the methods by which that ability praise is communicated and will go on to suggest that the entity theory of intelligence, as fostered through ability praise, can be examined through the lens of the literature of Positive Psychology. This article will argue that the fixed-mindset is an example of a pessimistic approach to learning - one that contributes to law students’ feelings of helplessness, lowered sense of autonomy support, learned helplessness, and depression. Ultimately, this article will suggests methods that professors and institutions can employ to combat the entity theory of intelligence, pessimistic attribution style, and the depression problem that so much research suggests is a pervasive problem in contemporary American law schools.
The foreign corrupt practices act: How investors respond when violation severity and corresponding penalty (mis)match

Abstract The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) has become a major focus for corporations, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the Department of Justice (DOJ), as indicated by the dramatic increase in the number of FCPA enforcement actions and the level of civil and criminal penalties. Prior regulatory practice shows that the SEC and the DOJ struggle not only to evaluate the severity of a company's FCPA violation, but also to establish the penalty amount. Given the difficulty in assessing penalties, the severity of a company's FCPA violation at times appears mismatched with the size of the penalty. Leveraging signaling theory, this study predicts and finds that when a company's FCPA violation severity and the size of the penalty imposed are mismatched, investors experience ambiguity in assessing the company's future prospects and, in effect, are more likely to give the company the benefit of the doubt. In this case, investors' company risk assessments are dampened, and they show a higher willingness to maintain their investment in the company. However, when the severity of the company's FCPA violation and the penalty amount match, investors are less likely to experience ambiguity, which leads to higher company risk assessments and a lower willingness to maintain their investment in the company. In addition, the combination of a more severe FCPA violation and high penalty amount results in the highest risk assessment and lowest willingness to maintain the investment. These results provide ethical and practical considerations that regulatory bodies should weigh in evaluating sanctions.
The Role of Patient Satisfaction And Service Quality in the Formation of Customers’ Purchase Intentions for Health Care Services

Issues relating to the nature of the relationship between service quality and satisfaction are some the most important facing service marketers. This may be especially true for health service providers since evidence indicates that those firms providing higher levels of quality and patient satisfaction hold a competitive advantage. Unfortunately, while there have been recent advances in our conceptual understanding of these constructs, little has been added to our understanding of the nature of the relationship between these two constructs that can be of benefit to health care marketers. One finding of interest is that reported by Taylor and Baker (1994) who found that while satisfaction moderates the relationship between service quality and purchase intentions for three service industries, it does not do so for health care services. Thus, the purpose of the study reported here is to more fully investigate this finding specifically within a health services setting.
Working with Amateur Astronomers

Amateur astronomers have a vast store of talent and expertise in making astronomical observations. When carefully channelled, their enthusiasm coupled with these characteristics can lead to the acquisition of large volumes of high-quality astronomical data. The Amateur Observation Network of the International Halley Watch (IHW) was organized to encourage comet observations by amateurs, standardize techniques whenever possible, and then collect and archive these observations for use by the astronomical community in the near and distant future as part of the whole IHW archive. The lessons learned from this experience will be useful to organizers who plan observation campaigns involving amateur astronomers in the future.
Hydrodynamic Aspects of Flocculation

In the classical analyses of both Brownian (perikinetic) and velocity gradient (orthokinetic) flocculation by Smoluchowski1, particle encounters in sufficiently dilute systems are treated as binary collisions between rigid spheres. In these analyses it is assumed that the relative inotions between particle pairs can be described by superposition of the isolated particle motions, each particle behaving as though the others were not present. With this assumption the only permitted interactions are those of the external force fields resulting from combined attraction and repulsion. According to the far-reaching DLVO theory, the field forces are a consequence of London-van der Waals attraction and electrical double layer repulsion2.
Towards a semantic web of community, content and interactions

The Web plays a critical role in hosting Web communities, their content and interactions. A prime example is the open source software (OSS) community, whose members, including software developers and users, interact almost exclusively over the Web. The OSS community constantly generates, shares and refines content in the form of software code through active interaction over the Web on code design and bug resolution processes. The knowledge and implementation experiences around the software content are implicit in the interactions in the community discussion forums on the Web. The Semantic Web is an envisaged extension of the current Web, in which content is given a well-defined meaning, through the specification of metadata and ontologies, that can be understood by software agents. This increases the utility of the content and enables information from heterogeneous sources to be integrated. Although the individual components of a Semantic Web are fairly well-understood, there is a research gap in the application of Semantic Web to a specific domain. This thesis work explores the application of the Semantic Web in the context of a typical OSS community, the OpenACS community, with a focus on the interactions around the bug resolution process. The research answers three questions: How to create a Semantic Web around the OSS community, the software content, and the interactions? How to use the Semantic Web in the bug resolution process? What is the potential impact of the Semantic Web on the bug resolution process, and vice versa? To answer these questions, we developed a prototype Semantic Web system for OSS communities, Dhruv. Dhruv provides an enhanced semantic interface to bug resolution messages and recommends related software objects and artifacts. Dhruv uses an integrated model of the OpenACS community, the software, and the Web interactions, which is semi-automatically populated from the existing artifacts of the community. Comparison of Dhruv's recommendations with historical bug resolution data reveals that Dhruv is able to recommend relevant artifacts for bug resolution messages. A qualitative think-aloud study of Dhruv with OpenACS community members indicates that Dhruv has high potential of being useful to the OpenACS community. Study participants found the enhanced semantic interface particularly compelling.
On Combining Symmetry Reduction and Symbolic Representation for Efficient Model Checking

BDDs allow succinct symbolic representation of digital circuits. Symmetry reduction factors out redundancy inherent in the regular organization of many systems. Both are successful techniques for combating state space explosion. It would be desirable to combine them into symbolic symmetry reduction. Unfortunately, the straight-forward approach to symmetry reduction requires the orbit relation, whose symbolic representation as a BDD is in general of exponential size. We investigate the use of generic representatives as a means of overcoming this problem for fully symmetric systems: instead of first representing the system as a BDD and then applying symmetry reduction, we translate the given program text into a symmetry-reduced version. The result can then be encoded using a BDD. We demonstrate that this method is superior not only to the traditional orbit-relation based symmetry reduction, but also to the approach using multiple representatives.
Massively Parallel Computing of Turbulent Transport in Tokamaks

With the advent of the gyrokinetic formalism, recent developments in low-noise nonlinear $\delta f$ methods, and enormous gains in computing power, large-scale gyrokinetic simulations have become an important tool for improved understanding of anomalous transport in tokamaks. Simulating the non-linear behaviour requires solving for the perturbations of distrbution function in five dimensions. We use a particle-in-cell approach to solve the equations via the non-linear characteristic method. The code has been parallelized for a variety of architecures (C90, CM-5, T3D) using a 1-D domain decomposition along the torroidal axis, for which the number of particles in each cell remains approximately constant. The quasi uniform distribution of particles, which minimizes load imbalance, coupled with the relatively small movement of particles across cells, which minimizes communications, makes this problem ideally suited to massively parallel architectures. We present the performance of the program as a function of number of processors and problem size, which demonstrates the near perfect scalability of the code. In addition, we discuss the scientific results obtained from the code and the types of problems that will be addressable as the next generation of super-computers become available.
The Effect of Temperature on Synchronization of Brood Development of the Bopyrid Isopod Parasite Probopyrus pandalicola with Molting of Its Host, the Daggerblade Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes pugio

The bopyrid isopod Probopyrus pandalicola is a hematophagous ectoparasite that sexually sterilizes some palaemonid shrimps, including female daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. The reproduction of parasitic isopods is thought to occur synchronously with host molting because the brood would be unsuccessful if molting occurred before the larvae were free swimming. Temperature affects the length of the molting cycle of shrimp, and therefore may also affect the incubation time of isopod broods. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of temperature on brood development of the parasite and on the degree of synchronization with the molting of its host. Parasitized P. pugio were monitored daily at 2 experimental temperatures, 23 and 15 C, in temperature-controlled chambers for the duration of a full parasite reproductive cycle. Developmental stage was determined by the visible coloration of the brood through the exoskeleton of the host, and was designated as egg, embryo I, embryo II, or epicaridium larvae. Temperature significantly affected median brood incubation time, which was only 11 days at 23 C, as compared to 35 days at 15 C. The final developmental stage (epicaridium larvae) was 3 times shorter at 23 C (median 3 days; n = 45) than at 15 C (median 9 days; n = 15). Temperature significantly affected the intermolt period of parasitized shrimp, which was shorter at 23 C (median 12 days) than at 15 C (median 37 days). A smaller percentage of the intermolt period elapsed between larval release and shrimp molting at 23 C (0.0%) than at 15 C (3.1%), indicating closer synchronization between host molting and parasite reproduction at the warmer temperature. At 15 C, the isopods utilized a smaller proportion of the time that was available for brood incubation during the intermolt period of their host. Brood size ranged from 391 to 4,596 young and was positively correlated with parasite and host size. Because development progressed more rapidly at 23 C, warmer temperatures could increase the prevalence of P. pandalicola. The corresponding reduction in the abundance of ovigerous grass shrimp as a result of sexual sterilization by bopyrids could adversely impact estuarine ecosystems, as grass shrimp are a crucial link in transferring energy from detritus to secondary consumers.
Comparative study of the linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) and the adaptive bootstrap multiuser detectors for CDMA communications

We analyze the performance of linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) estimate-based multiuser detector for CDMA communication systems. Through numerical evaluation and computer simulations, we also compare the performance of the LMMSE detector and the adaptive bootstrap multiuser detector. Our analysis and simulations show that even though these two detectors were proposed based on different optimization criteria, they exhibit approximately equal performance in multiuser CDMA communications applications.
Police Recruits‘ Attitudes toward the Death Penalty*

The knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of police toward capital punishment help to shape public opinion regarding the death penalty. Prior research has not consistently identified the relationship b...
A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale.

Introduction: Self-report measures such as the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) are frequently used during baseline and postconcussion testing to evaluate athletes’ symptom profiles. However, the common approach of evaluating the total symptom score and/or symptom clusters may not allow for a complete understanding of the nature of athletes’ symptom reporting patterns. The primary objective of this study was to apply three “global indices of distress” variables, derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) framework, to the PCSS at baseline and postconcussion. We aimed to evaluate the utility of these symptom indices in relation to four PCSS symptom clusters and the total PCSS symptom score. Method: Participants included college athletes evaluated at baseline (N = 846) and postconcussion (N = 86). Athletes underwent neuropsychological testing at both time points, including completion of the PCSS and a paper/pencil and computerized test battery. Eight symptom indices were derived from the P...