cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geometric modeling of the linear motor driven electrical discharge machining (EDM) die-sinking process

Based on Z-map method, in this paper the development of a geometric model for the linear motor equipped EDM die-sinking process is described. Firstly discussed are the advantages and benefits of the introduction of the linear motor into EDM die-sinker. The current model has been employed to calculate the minimum gap distance for sparks to occur and to analyze the possibility of spark generation between the workpiece and electrode surfaces. Also calculated is the crater formed by a single spark. The final machined surface topography is predicted. The influence of peak current and discharge duration on the average surface roughness is simulated. The experiment has been conducted to study the effects of machining conditions as well as to verify the effectiveness of the developed geometric model.
LibQUAL Revisited: Further Analysis of Qualitative and Quantitative Survey Results at the University of Mississippi

Abstract This paper updates an earlier 2010 longitudinal study of LibQUAL qualitative and quantitative data from the University of Mississippi libraries with an additional year of LibQUAL data, collated with other library-collected data such as gate-count numbers. In doing so, it identifies several results that are not satisfactorily analyzed by LibQUAL, and it concludes that a more specialized local survey may be helpful to supplement or supplant LibQUAL.
THE PHOTODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ACRIDINE ORANGE ON AN RNA VIRUS (VESICULAR EXANTHEMA)

Summary Free vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) suspended in an acridine orange (AO) solution is not light sensitive. The simultaneous introduction to the host of AO and VESV results in progeny that are sensitive to light. The introduction of AO during the eclipse period of viral growth results in progeny sensitive to light. Introduction of AO during the exponential rise in the production of mature virus, however, results in some light sensitive particles among a majority of insensitive particles. The data presented show that the lethal effect of AO is produced only after light exposure, indicating that the mutagenic action of the dye may not be due to its presence per se.
Modulation of mast cell adhesion, proliferation, and cytokine secretion on electrospun bioresorbable vascular grafts

Mast cells synthesize several potent angiogenic factors and can also stimulate fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. An understanding of how they participate in wound healing and angiogenesis is important to further our knowledge about in situ vascular prosthetic regeneration. The adhesion, proliferation, and cytokine secretion of bone marrow-derived murine mast cells (BMMC) on electrospun polydioxanone, polycaprolactone, and silk scaffolds, as well as tissue culture plastic, has been investigated in the presence or absence of IL-3, stem cell factor, IgE and IgE with a crosslinking antigen, dinitrophenol-conjugated albumin (DNP). It was previously believed that only activated BMMCs exhibit adhesion and cytokine secretion. However, this study shows nonactivated BMMC adhesion to electrospun scaffolds. Silk scaffold was not found to be conducive for mast cell adhesion and cytokine secretion. Activation by IgE and DNP significantly enhanced mast cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and IL-13. This indicates that mast cells might play a role in the process of biomaterial integration into the host tissue, regeneration, and possibly angiogenesis.
Effects of perceived discrimination on mental health and mental health services utilization among gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons.

ABSTRACT Objectives. Previous research has found that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals are at risk for a variety of mental health disorders. We examined the extent to which a recent experience of a major discriminatory event may contribute to poor mental health among LGBT persons. Methods. Data were derived from a cross-sectional strata-cluster survey of adults in Hennepin County, Minnesota, who identified as LGBT (n = 472) or heterosexual (n = 7,412). Results. Compared to heterosexuals, LGBT individuals had poorer mental health (higher levels of psychological distress, greater likelihood of having a diagnosis of depression or anxiety, greater perceived mental health needs, and greater use of mental health services), more substance use (higher levels of binge drinking, greater likelihood of being a smoker and greater number of cigarettes smoked per day), and were more likely to report unmet mental healthcare needs. LGBT individuals were also more likely to report having experience...
Determination of MICs of Aminocandin for Candida spp. and Filamentous Fungi

Candida and Aspergillus spp., as well as other filamentous molds, have increasingly been reported as the causes of severe invasive fungal infections. We evaluated the new echinocandin aminocandin (AMN) for its antifungal activities against a range of fungal pathogens by determination of the MICs for the organisms. The MICs of the comparator drugs amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin, and voriconazole were also determined. The MICs of AMN for 25 strains each of non-Candida albicans Candida spp. (including Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida tropicalis), Aspergillus fumigatus, Scedosporium spp., Fusarium spp., and zygomycetes (including Absidia, Mucor, and Rhizopus spp.) were determined by using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A2 and M38-A methodologies for yeasts and filamentous molds, respectively. The MIC ranges of AMN for all yeasts were similar (0.03 to 4.0 μg/ml), while the MIC ranges of AMN for filamentous fungi were species specific. AMN demonstrated potent antifungal activity against A. fumigatus, limited activity against Scedosporium spp., and no activity against zygomycetes or Fusarium spp. Our data showed that AMN demonstrated potent antifungal activities against all of the yeasts and Aspergillus isolates tested, suggesting that AMN could be an important addition to our arsenal of antifungals for the treatment of invasive fungal disease.
Review of Alluvial-Channel Responses to River Ice

The extent to which alluvial channels respond to ice-cover formation, presence, and breakup is not well understood. Some responses are well known and observed, such as increased flow stage or localized scour beneath the toe of an ice jam. Other responses are known in concept, such as altered bedform geometry, but are not well documented. Some potential responses are barely recognized, such as channel-thalweg adjustment. Many responses are temporal, such as the channel readjusting itself once ice is gone. A few responses may have a more enduring impact, such as a meander-loop cutoff. Most responses have not been investigated rigorously. The responses affect the full gamut of relationships between flow discharge and stage, macroturbulence structures, sediment-transport and mixing processes, and alluvial-channel stability. Of importance are the relative scales of length and time associated with ice-cover formation, presence and breakup, and a channel's facility to respond to ice. This paper reviews alluvial-channel responses to ice formation, and raises practical engineering issues stemming from them.
Topological Measures of Systems of Sets

: If X is an infinite set, we may topologize the power set of X naturally so that systems of subsets of X can be described in the language of Baire category. Systems we consider include: subalgebra lattices of algebraic structures; topologies; filters; and families of almost disjoint sets.
Spliced-Leader trans-Splicing in Freshwater Planarians

trans-Splicing, in which a spliced-leader (SL) RNA is appended to the most 5' exon of independently transcribed pre-mRNAs, has been described in a wide range of eukaryotes, from protozoans to chordates. Here we describe trans-splicing in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, a free-living member of the phylum Platyhelminthes. Analysis of an expressed sequence tag (EST) collection from this organism showed that over 300 transcripts shared one of two approximately 35-base sequences (Smed SL-1 and SL-2) at their 5' ends. Examination of genomic sequences encoding representatives of these transcripts revealed that these shared sequences were transcribed elsewhere in the genome. RNA blot analysis, 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, as well as genomic sequence data showed that 42-nt SL sequences were derived from small RNAs of approximately 110 nt. Similar sequences were also found at the 5' ends of ESTs from the planarian Dugesia japonica. trans-Splicing has already been described in numerous representatives of the phylum Platyhelminthes (trematodes, cestodes, and polyclads); its presence in two representatives of the triclads supports the hypothesis that this mode of RNA processing is ancestral within this group. The upcoming complete genome sequence of S. mediterranea, combined with this animal's experimental accessibility and susceptibility to RNAi, provide another model organism in which to study the function of the still-enigmatic trans-splicing.
Culture of pollen tubes for chromosomal analysis at the pollen tube division.

It is possible to grow pollen tubes routinely for cytological analysis of nuclei at the pollen tube division. Pollen has been grown successfully after temperature, pressure, gas, moisture, and radiation treatments. The technic for growing Tradescantia pollen is described, but any method is satisfactory which ensures that: (a) the pollen is kept dry before sowing, (b) a minimum of time elapses between sowing pollen on culture medium and placing in a moist growing box, and (c) the growing pollen tubes are not allowed to dry out. Pollen of other species can be grown by the same methods.
Quantifying load stream behavior

The increasing performance gap between processors and memory will force future architectures to devote significant resources towards removing and hiding memory latency. The two major architectural features used to address this growing gap are caches and prefetching. In this paper we perform a detailed quantification of the cache miss patterns for the Olden benchmarks, SPEC 2000 benchmarks, and a collection of pointer based applications. We classify misses into one of four categories corresponding to the type of access pattern. These are next-line, stride, same-object (additional misses that occur to a recently accessed object), or pointer-based transitions. We then propose and evaluate a hardware profiling architecture to correctly identify which type of access pattern is being seen. This access pattern identification could be used to help guide and allocate prefetching resources, and provide information to feedback-directed optimizations. A second goal of this paper is to identify a suite of challenging pointer-based benchmarks that can be used to focus the development of new software and hardware prefetching algorithms, and identify the challenges in performing prefetching for these applications using new metrics.
Academic and Social Attainments of Children with Mental Retardation in General Education and Special Education Settings

Parents, professionals, and researchers have been concerned about the most appropriate placement for children with mental retardation. To shed light on the efficacy of integration, 36 studies were reviewed on the academic and social attainments of school-age children with mental retardation. Results show that children in general education classes do not attain social acceptance ratings at as high a level as do their typically developing peers. When comparing children with mental retardation in general education and special education classrooms, integrated students perform better than their comparable segregated students on measures of academic achievement and social competence. Other variables are discussed that might affect child outcomes, and related recommendations are given for future research.
Impact of ventricular assist device placement on longitudinal renal function in children with end-stage heart failure.

Background Although ventricular assist devices (VADs) restore hemodynamics in those with heart failure, reversibility of end-organ dysfunction with VAD support is not well characterized. Renal function often improves in adults after VAD placement, but this has not been comprehensively explored in children. Methods Sixty-three children on VAD support were studied. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined by the Schwartz method. Generalized linear mixed-effects models compared the pre-VAD and post-VAD eGFR for the cohort and sub-groups with and without pre-VAD renal dysfunction (pre-VAD eGFR 2 ). Results The pre-VAD eGFR across the cohort was 84.0 ml/min/1.73 m 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 62.3–122.7), and 55.6% (34 of 63) had pre-VAD renal dysfunction. AKI affected 60.3% (38 of 63), with similar rates in those with and without pre-existing renal dysfunction. Within the cohort, the nadir eGFR occurred 1 day post-operatively (62.9 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ; IQR, 51.2–88.9 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ; p 2 ; IQR, 59.3–146.7 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ; p = 0.03) and remained significantly higher through the first post-operative week. After adjusting for age, gender, and AKI, the eGFR continued to increase throughout the entire 180-day study period (β = 0.0025; 95% confidence interval, 0.0015–0.0036; p p Conclusions Renal dysfunction is prevalent in children with heart failure undergoing VAD placement. Although peri-operative AKI is common, renal function improves substantially in the first post-operative week and for months thereafter. This is particularly pronounced in those with pre-VAD renal impairment, suggesting that VADs may facilitate recovery and maintenance of kidney function in children with advanced heart failure.
More Than a Penny Saved: Long‐Term Changes in Behavior Among Savings Program Participants

This article examines the levels of savings of former participants in a matched savings program. Findings from a survey of Individual Development Account (IDA) participants and a general low-income population sample show that participants who successfully completed the savings program report higher household savings than both participants who left the program early and a non-participant comparison group, suggesting that successful completion of an IDA program may improve the financial dispositions and behaviors associated with long-term savings. Three predictors of saving behavior emerged: access to the financial mainstream, individual psychological disposition, and the presence of children in the household.
Implementing fault-tolerant services using the state machine approach: a tutorial

The state machine approach is a general method for implementing fault-tolerant services in distributed systems. This paper reviews the approach and describes protocols for two different failure models—Byzantine and fail stop. Systems reconfiguration techniques for removing faulty components and integrating repaired components are also discussed.
Neuromuscular transmission and its pharmacological blockade. Part 3: Continuous infusion of relaxants and reversal and monitoring of relaxation.

Continuous infusion is an attractive method of administration when muscle relaxation is needed for a longer period. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of a drug is an important determining factor for the suitability of relaxants for continuous infusion. At present mainly intermediately long acting relaxants are used for this purpose.
Suppression of the transformed phenotype and induction of differentiation-like characteristics in cultured ovarian tumor cells by chronic treatment with progesterone.

Epidemiological evidence suggests that elevated levels of the pregnancy hormone progesterone might play a role in the reduced risk of women to develop ovarian cancer. In vitro studies have supported this hypothesis by demonstrating negative effects of this hormone on the growth and proliferation of cultured ovarian carcinoma cells. However, little is known about the underlying molecular processes and how progesterone might decrease the risk for ovarian tumors. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic hormone treatment on the cell-cycle and transformed phenotype of ovarian carcinoma cell lines in vitro. We found that long-term treatment of these cells with progesterone caused a concomitant reduction of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. In parallel, these cells lost their transformed phenotype as indicated by the acquisition of contact inhibition and the loss of anchorage-independence, as well as the reduced expression of tumor markers such as heat shock protein (HSP) 72 and carcinoma antigen (CA) 125. In addition, progesterone-treated cells exhibited characteristics that resembled a more differentiated phenotype. Taken together, our data indicated that progesterone was able to suppress the transformed phenotype of ovarian tumor cells. This observation could serve to explain progesterone's alleged protective effect in ovarian carcinogenesis.
On the nature of malonate-insensitive oxidation of pyruvate and glutamate by heart sarcosomes.

Abstract 1. A quantitative evaluation of respiration of isolated heart sarcosomes due to pyruvate and glutamate has been made when the citric acid cycle is blocked. 2. Malonate inhibits respiration due to added pyruvate 95–97% when phosphate and ADP are present. Pyruvate is converted quantitatively to acetoacetate and acetate under these conditions. 3. Malonate-insensitive removal of pyruvate and the appearance of acetoacetate and acetate depend on the presence of phosphate and ADP. This requirement is not prevented by 2,4-dinitrophenol, but is circumvented by arsenate. 4. When sarcosomes are incubated in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol and arsenite, added glutamate is slowly converted to α-oxoglutarate. Further addition of pyruvate does not stimulate the rate of α-oxoglutarate accumulation. These results are interpreted as showing the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) whereas alanine aminotransferase activity was not detectable.
Impact of interface recombination on time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) decays in CdTe solar cells (numerical simulation analysis)

Using Sentaurus Device Software, we analyze how bulk and interface recombination affect time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) decays in CdTe solar cells. This modeling analysis could improve the interpretation of TRPL data and increase the possibility of rapid defect characterization in thin-film solar cells. By illuminating the samples with photons of two different wavelengths, we try to deduce the spatial origin of the dominant recombination loss. Shorter-wavelength photons will be more affected by the interface recombination and drift compared to the longer ones. Using the two-wavelength TRPL characterization method, it may be possible to determine whether a specific change in deposition process has affected the properties of interface or the bulk of the absorber.
Capture of Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in dry traps baited with a food-based attractant and Jackson traps baited with trimedlure during sterile male release in Guatemala.

Captures of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in Jackson traps baited with trimedlure were compared with captures in cylindrical open-bottom dry traps baited with a food-based synthetic attractant (ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine). Tests were conducted in Guatemala during a sterile male release program in an area where wild flies were present in low numbers. More wild and sterile females were captured in food-based traps, and more wild and sterile males were captured in trimedlure traps. The food-based traps captured almost twice as many total (male plus female) wild flies as the trimedlure traps, but the difference was not significant. Females made up ≈60% of the wild flies caught in the food-based attractant traps; the trimedlure traps caught no females. The ratio of capture of males in trimedlure traps to food-based traps was 6.5:1 for sterile and 1.7:1 for wild flies. Because fewer sterile males are captured in the food-based traps, there is a reduction in the labor-intensive process of examining flies for sterility. The results indicate that traps baited with food-based attractants could be used in place of the Jackson/trimedlure traps for C. capitata sterile release programs because they can monitor distributions of sterile releases and detect wild fly populations effectively; both critical components of fruit fly eradication programs by using the sterile insect technique.
Situating Student Errors: Linguistic-to-Algebra Translation Errors.

While it is well recognized that students are prone to difficulties when performing linguistic-to-algebra translations, the nature of students’ difficulties remain an issue of contention. Moreover, the literature indicates that these difficulties are not easily remediated by domain-specific instruction. Some have opined that this is the case because few frameworks exist which are sufficiently robust and revelatory to provide the insights needed to address these difficulties. This study uses a model situated in both a cognitive-oriented frame and the translation process itself to analyze student activity in the linguistic-to-algebra translation process, defines error types made, and recognizes the frequencies of such.
Germination of Calonectria crotalariae conidia and ascospores on soil.

(1974). Germination of Calonectria Crotalariae Conidia and Ascospores on Soil. Mycologia: Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 1053-1055.
The old temple terrace at the Argive Heraeum and the early cult of Hera in the Argolid

A recent article by Dr H. Plommer (‘Shadowy Megara’, JHS xcvii [1977] 75–88) has once again brought to our attention one of the many unresolved architectural problems at the Argive Heraeum—the date of the megalithic terrace on which the archaic temple was built. This terrace has been variously assigned to the Mycenaean, Geometric and Archaic periods and its role in the foundation of the cult has never been ascertained. In view of this continuing lack of consensus among modern scholars and the murkiness of the history of the origins of the Hera sanctuary, a restatement and re-examination of the evidence are in order. In this article I will first consider the date of the terrace and then attempt to place it in the perspective of early cult activity in the Argolid. This will require a survey of the proposed dates for the terrace and a close look at the remains of the Archaic Hera temple and its stratigraphic and architectural relation to the terrace. An inquiry into the form of the terrace will lead to an explanation of its unique architectural form and to a hypothesis for the reason for its construction. Inspection of the remains and a reconstruction of the original form of other early cult centers, notably Mycenae and Tiryns, will provide a context for understanding the origin and architectural form of the early Heraeum. In conclusion I will suggest that the presence of Mycenaean monuments in the Argolid, more than elsewhere, played a crucial role in the formation and architectural organization of the principal cults.
Studies of Size Effect on the Formability of a Domed Part in Incremental Forming

The failure strain level in a single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is found to be much higher than that in the traditional stamping process. Based on the assumption that forming limits in SPIF are dominated by fracture failure, the Oyane ductile fracture criterion is introduced in this paper to predict the fracture initiation site, and hence the forming limit, given the stress and strain values obtained from finite element simulations. The predicted results compare well with those obtained from the SPIF experiments. Furthermore, this fracture criterion is used to study the size effects in SPIF. Analytical equations are derived to comprehensively consider the effects of design and process parameters on sheet formability including sheet thickness, tool diameter, and incremental depth. Previously published experimental data is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed size effect equation.© 2008 ASME
Reliability of Physical Activity Measures During Free-Living Activities in People After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background Few instruments that measure physical activity (PA) can accurately quantify PA performed at light and moderate intensities, which is particularly relevant in older adults. The evidence of their reliability in free-living conditions is limited. Objective The study objectives were: (1) to determine the test-retest reliability of the Actigraph (ACT), SenseWear Armband (SWA), and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire in assessing free-living PA at light and moderate intensities in people after total knee arthroplasty; (2) to compare the reliability of the 3 instruments relative to each other; and (3) to determine the reliability of commonly used monitoring time frames (24 hours, waking hours, and 10 hours from awakening). Design A one-group, repeated-measures design was used. Methods Participants wore the activity monitors for 2 weeks, and the CHAMPS questionnaire was completed at the end of each week. Test-retest reliability was determined by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,k]) to compare PA measures from one week with those from the other week. Results Data from 28 participants who reported similar PA during the 2 weeks were included in the analysis. The mean age of these participants was 69 years (SD=8), and 75% of them were women. Reliability ranged from moderate to excellent for the ACT (ICC=.75–.86) and was excellent for the SWA (ICC=.93–.95) and the CHAMPS questionnaire (ICC=.86–.92). The 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the ICCs from the SWA were the only ones within the excellent reliability range (.85–.98). The CHAMPS questionnaire showed systematic bias, with less PA being reported in week 2. The reliability of PA measures in the waking-hour time frame was comparable to that in the 24-hour time frame and reflected most PA performed during this period. Limitations Reliability may be lower for time intervals longer than 1 week. Conclusions All PA measures showed good reliability. The reliability of the ACT was lower than those of the SWA and the CHAMPS questionnaire. The SWA provided more precise reliability estimates. Wearing PA monitors during waking hours provided sufficiently reliable measures and can reduce the burden on people wearing them.
Institutionalizing Community Engagement: A Benchmark Study of Commitment and Implementation Structures

When developing initiatives such as institutional community engagement, it is common for those charged with the initial phases of the initiative to look for models within the higher education community. This often entails benchmarking the institutions that are highly ranked in popular media outlets. This paper presents a benchmarking study of the US News and World Report’s Top 25 Public Institutions conducted to examine three indicators of institutional commitment and three indicators of implementation structure for institutionalized community engagement. Historical and theoretical perspectives are provided, institutional selection criteria are offered and justified, and descriptors are provided for each indicator. Results are presented and implications for higher education are offered.
Distinct mechanisms for N-acetylcysteine inhibition of cytokine-induced E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression

We have examined the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a well-characterized, thiol-containing antioxidant, on agonist-induced monocytic cell adhesion to endothelial cells (EC). NAC inhibited in...
Romanticism, Scientific Wonders, and the Technological Sublime

Contrary to stereotypes regarding romanticism’s uniform hostility towards science, writing of the period reflects how technology inspired both wonder and an emergent sense of the “technological sublime.” Economides investigates the gender dynamics associated with both of these responses, arguing that wonder entails a gender-neutral celebration of technological innovation in contrast to the gendered ethos of domination that underwrites the technological sublime. Anna Barbauld’s poetic celebrations of technological marvels and concurrent anxiety regarding potentially exploitative applications of science are contrasted with William Wordsworth’s valorization of the technological sublime. Economides also examines Mary Shelley’s rigorous deconstruction of the technological sublime in Frankenstein, exploring how the novel reveals ideological links between Kantian aesthetics and the technological sublime’s celebration of reason’s triumph over (feminized) objects of sense.
Preservation of Fertility in Gynecological Malignancies

Survival rate of reproductive aged women with gynecologic cancer has steadily been improving. As cancer therapy and cancers themselves may carry the risk of infertility and many of these young female cancer patients did not complete their family planning yet at the time of cancer diagnosis, fertility preservation has an emerging importance. Oncofertility is a rising concept requiring the contributions of both gynecologic oncology and reproductive medicine. All patients should be adequately informed at the time of diagnosis about the risk of infertility and the available methods for fertility preservation so they will have maximal chance to make an optimal decision without any significant impact and delay in oncologic outcome. The current treatment options for gynecologic malignancies include a wide variety of cytotoxic chemotherapy, different radiation treatments, multiple surgeries and anti-estrogen therapy, or any combination of these. Although these therapies can significantly reduce mortality, it can cause long-term toxicity, such as induction of an early menopause and fertility impairment even when the ovaries and the uterus left in place. At the present time, there are several potential options available including both standard and experimental assisted technologies. Embryo and sperm banking are the standard methods but many experts also count oocyte cryopreservation as a standard technique. Ovarian tissue harvesting, cryopreservation, and transplantation are safe but still believed as experimental as their utilization is still limited and their true value needs to be determined. Several pioneering procedures are being actively investigated, including uterus transplantation and in vitro follicle maturation, which may magnify the number of fertility preservation options for young cancer patients in the future. It is with great importance to start to discuss fertility preservation options even in the gynecologic oncologist’s office and initiate the referral to fertility specialists immediately. The application of structured psychosocial supportive care also helps these patients through of this demanding time. In this chapter, the current data and concepts regarding fertility preservation of female patients with gynecological malignancies are reviewed.
Textual Authority in Pre-Han and Han

a big book like Mark lewis’s Writing and Authority in Early China comes along in our field about once every ten years, providing a benchmark against which the rest of us measure our own efforts, inviting us to recast our own views of the past in unforeseen ways. More often than not, these books assert that much if not all of what happened in the area we now know as China can best be understood through a single dominant concept reflected in and reinforced by a unitary institutional framework. In a previous influential work by Lewis, the concept was sanctioned violence. Here it is writing’s authority. According to Lewis, from early Western Zhou (ca. 1050 b.c.), if not earlier, the written word enjoyed unparalleled authority—so much so that opponents of the state who chose the brush as the instrument by which to skewer the state survived, usually, unscathed and even admired. Of this exalted status, Lewis says, “[E]ven as they increasingly wrote for kings and included kings within their teaching scene, their claims to direct the conduct of kings remained an assertion of ultimate authority” (p. 63). At the same time, the capacities of the written word to expatiate and expound at great length prompted the eventual creation of works of truly encyclopedic nature, which only enhanced writing’s already considerable thrall. Then, at one specific point in time, 134 b.c., a corpus of texts, the Five Classics and their attached traditions, and most especially the Gongyang 公羊, came to put a sharper impress on the shape of the contemporary body politic than either the ruling dynasts or their bureaucratic functionaries, all of whom had to acknowledge its unchallenged sway. Throughout the remainder of Han, according to Lewis, writing functioned as “textual double of the polity” and as “the imaginary realm . . . against which actual institutions were measured” (p. 4). Lewis locates in writing itself a wonderfully potent site, thereby departing from more
Enhanced Channel Assignment and Load Distribution in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

An algorithm to reduce congestion and balance users' load in IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) is presented, which takes into account overlapping channel interference between Access Points (APs) and the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) experienced by the users. After finding the best channel assignment at the APs, the algorithm then finds the Most Congested Access Point (MCAP). It reexamines the users' association with APs by minimizing the congestion at the MCAP. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of significantly reducing the overall congestion in the WLAN while mitigating channel interference. Our algorithm has also been shown to be scalable and it performs well for networks of different topologies.
Class Imbalance and Active Learning

The performance of a predictive model is tightly coupled with the data used during training. In active learning (AL), the model itself plays a hands-on role in the selection of examples for labeling from a large pool of unlabeled examples. This chapter focuses on the interaction between AL and class imbalance, discussing (i) AL techniques designed specifically for dealing with imbalanced settings, (ii) strategies that leverage AL to overcome the deleterious effects of class imbalance, (iii) how extreme class imbalance can prevent AL systems from selecting useful examples, and alternatives to AL in these cases.
Change in US Adult Consumer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Sodium Intake and Reduction: SummerStyles 2012 and 2015.

Purpose:To describe changes in consumer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to sodium reduction from 2012 to 2015.Design:A cross-sectional analysis using 2 online, national research panel s...
Erythritol and Lufenuron Detrimentally Alter Age Structure of Wild Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Populations in Blueberry and Blackberry.

We report on the efficacy of 0.5 M (61,000 ppm) erythritol (E) in Truvia Baking Blend, 10 ppm lufenuron (L), and their combination (LE) to reduce egg and larval densities of wild populations of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) infesting fields of rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium virgatum) and blackberries (Rubus sp.). Formulations included the active ingredients (lufenuron, erythritol, or both), sugar (in control and erythritol treatments), and Dawn hand-soap applied to plants with pressurized 3-gallon garden spray tanks. The three chemical treatments (E, L, and LE) had no effect on D. suzukii ovipositing in blackberry and blueberry fruit, but they did reduce larval infestation by 75%, particularly densities of first and second instars. Erythritol and lufenuron were equally efficacious compounds as a D. suzukii ovicide and larvicide, but they did not display additive or synergistic activity. Extremely high larval mortality in control fruits show an age structure heavily skewed toward egg output.
Dynamic Model of a Pre-Transmission Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Abstract This paper describes mathematical modeling, analysis, and simulation in an iterative process including development of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) hardware, system performance measures, control software, and complete PHEV powertrain system synthesis. A PHEV is synthesized using a conventional spark ignited (SI) internal combustion engine (ICE), a dry clutch between the ICE and an alternating current (AC) induction traction motor, a converterless automatic. transmission, and a differential and halfshafts that drive front wheels. An operating strategy is presented with simulations that demonstrate performance.
Estimates for the Aerodynamic Coefficients of Ringsail and Disk-Gap-Band Parachutes Operating on Mars

Models are presented for the aerodynamic coefficients of Supersonic Ringsail and Disk-Gap-Band parachutes as functions of total porosity, Lambda(sub t), Mach number, M, and total angle of attack, Alpha(sub t) (when necessary). The source aerodynamic coefficients data used for creating these models were obtained from a wind tunnel test of subscale parachutes. In this wind tunnel test, subscale parachutes of both parachute types were fabricated from two different fabrics with very different permeabilities. By varying the fabric permeability, while maintaining the parachute geometry constant, it was possible to vary Alpha(sub t). The fabric permeability test data necessary for the calculation of Alpha(sub t) were obtained from samples of the same fabrics used to fabricate the subscale parachutes. Although the models for the aerodynamic coefficients are simple polynomial functions of Alpha(sub t) and M, they are capable of producing good reproductions of the source data. The (Alpha(sub t), M) domains over which these models are applicable are clearly defined. The models are applicable to flight operations on Mars.
An Introduction to the Standard Model

The theory of fundamental particles and their non-gravitational interactions is encapsulated by an extremely successful quantum field theory known as the Standard Model. This quantum field theory is determined by a particular set of quantum fields and a particular Hamiltonian, which we will outline in this chapter. It is an interacting quantum field theory, not solvable by the methods we have seen so far. In the non-interacting approximation, it includes just the sorts of free quantum field theories that we have studied in earlier chapters. This chapter gives only a very brief sketch of the definition of the theory; for details, one needs to consult a conventional particle physics textbook.
See and be seen: Infant-caregiver social looking during locomotor free play

Face-to-face interaction between infants and their caregivers is a mainstay of developmental research. However, common laboratory paradigms for studying dyadic interaction oversimplify the act of looking at the partner's face by seating infants and caregivers face to face in stationary positions. In less constrained conditions when both partners are freely mobile, infants and caregivers must move their heads and bodies to look at each other. We hypothesized that face looking and mutual gaze for each member of the dyad would decrease with increased motor costs of looking. To test this hypothesis, 12-month-old crawling and walking infants and their parents wore head-mounted eye trackers to record eye movements of each member of the dyad during locomotor free play in a large toy-filled playroom. Findings revealed that increased motor costs decreased face looking and mutual gaze: Each partner looked less at the other's face when their own posture or the other's posture required more motor effort to gain visual access to the other's face. Caregivers mirrored infants' posture by spending more time down on the ground when infants were prone, perhaps to facilitate face looking. Infants looked more at toys than at their caregiver's face, but caregivers looked at their infant's face and at toys in equal amounts. Furthermore, infants looked less at toys and faces compared to studies that used stationary tasks, suggesting that the attentional demands differ in an unconstrained locomotor task. Taken together, findings indicate that ever-changing motor constraints affect real-life social looking.
Harnessing the power of collaborative leadership in the management of chronic health conditions

ABSTRACTThe study explored the key factors associated with the increase in the prevalence of chronic health conditions and the appropriate collaborative leadership approaches pursued by the healthc...
Lactococcus lactis expressing HIV antigens on a Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pilus serves as potential dual mucosal vaccine against HIV and GAS

Due to the majority of HIV/SIV transmissions occurring via the mucosal route, a mucosal vaccine that generates immune responses along the genitorectal tract may provide the tools needed to combat HIV/SIV in its earliest stages of infection. We recently demonstrated that an orally delivered mucosal vaccine based around the probiotic bacterium Lactococcus lactis expressing HIV/SIV antigens fused to a cell wall anchored Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pilus induces a strong systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. To test the mechanisms behind immunogenicity, we gavaged mice and examined the activation level of various dendritic cells in the intestinal Peyer’s patches and found increased activation of CD11b + CD8 − DC compared to wild-type L. lactis , indicating some inherent adjuvant activity of the GAS pilus. As there is evidence that GAS pilus specific antibodies may aid in the protection from GAS infection, we evaluated the ability of our L. lactis vectors to generate these pilus-targeting antibodies. We observed a strong induction of GAS-pilus specific antibodies in both mice and rhesus macaques orally immunized with our L. lactis vectors. We were unable to detect antibody responses generated against the backbone L. lactis bacterium, underlining the immunodominance of the GAS pilus in these vectors. These data suggest that these constructs may serve a dual role in generating protective immune responses against HIV and GAS infections.
Effects of Manufacturing Variability on Model-Based CT Image Reconstruction

In recent years, x-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging has become much more widely used in industrial applications. In many such applications, however, only incomplete data sets [1] are available, and image quality is degraded by the absence of complete data. In this paper, a model-based CT reconstruction technique for enhancing incomplete data CT image quality is presented. A two-dimensional registration method which will ensure proper utilization of a priori information from CAD model is introduced. Images are shown to demonstrate manipulator position variability as well as blade to blade variability. Variability is quantified by the translation and rotation factors used in geometric transformation. In addition, incomplete data CT image simulation results are presented which show the effects of manufacturing variability on flaw detectability in these images.
Estimation of Human Internal Temperature from Wearable Physiological Sensors

We evaluated a Kalman filter (KF) approach to modeling the physiology of internal temperature viewed through “noisy” non-invasive observations of heart rate. Human core body temperature (Tcore) is an important measure of thermal state, e.g., hypo- or hyperthermia, but is difficult to measure using non-invasive wearable sensors. We estimated parameters for a discrete KF model from data collected during several Military training events and from distance runners (n=38). Model performance was evaluated in 25 physically-active subjects who participated in various laboratory and field studies involving exercise of 2-to-8 h duration at ambient temperatures of 20 to 40°C. Overall, the KF model’s estimate of Tcore had a root mean square error of 0.30±0.13 oC from the observed Tcore, and was within ± 0.5 oC over 85% of the time. The benefit of the KF approach is that it requires only one input while current state of the art models typically require multiple inputs including individual anthropometrics, metabolic rate, clothing characteristics, and environmental conditions. This state estimation problem in computational physiology illustrates the potential for collaboration between the artificial intelligence and ambulatory physiological monitoring communities.
Formalized, Effective Domain Theory in Coq

I present highlights from a formalized development of domain theory in the theorem prover Coq. This is the first development of domain theory that is effective, formalized and that supports all the usual constructions on domains. In particular, I develop constructive models of both the unpointed profinite and the pointed profinite domains. Standard constructions (e.g., products, sums, the function space, and powerdomains) are all developed. In addition, I build the machinery necessary to compute solutions to recursive domain equations.
Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitrile-Substituted Cyclopropanes by Myoglobin-Mediated Carbene Transfer Catalysis.

A chemobiocatalytic strategy for the highly stereoselective synthesis of nitrile-substituted cyclopropanes is reported. The present approach relies on an asymmetric olefin cyclopropanation reaction catalyzed by an engineered myoglobin in the presence of ex situ generated diazoacetonitrile within a compartmentalized reaction system. This method enabled the efficient transformation of a broad range of olefin substrates at a preparative scale with up to 99.9 % de and ee and up to 5600 turnovers. The enzymatic product could be further elaborated to afford a variety of functionalized chiral cyclopropanes. This work expands the range of synthetically valuable, abiotic transformations accessible through biocatalysis and paves the way to the practical and safe exploitation of diazoacetonitrile in biocatalytic carbene transfer reactions.
On the practical irrational of immorality

I argue that the Formula of Humanity, the principle that we should always treat the humanity of a person as an end in itself and never as a mere means, is a principle of pure practical reason. Insofar as that principle is also the fundamental grounds of morality, it follows, then, that all autonomous rational agents are committed to morality.