cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decision theoretic approach to detect anomalies beyond enterprise boundaries

Many algorithms have been proposed in the last decade to detect traffic anomalies in enterprise networks. However, most of these algorithms cannot detect anomalies that occur beyond enterprise boundaries. Anomaly monitoring and detection on end-to-end Internet paths, although important for network operations, is challenging due to lack of access and control over intermediate network devices. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that detects anomalies or significant events on an end-to-end Internet path by monitoring the path's available bandwidth. We first evaluate existing algorithms on a comprehensive dataset of more than a million bandwidth measurements spanning three years. We show that existing algorithms do not incorporate the typical behavior of a path in the anomaly detection process and consequently incur accuracy degradations. We therefore propose to filter noisy bandwidth measurements to extract a typical or baseline statistical distribution of a path's bandwidth. This baseline model is in turn leveraged in a generic decision-theoretic framework to provide timely detection of significant path events. We show that the proposed detector provides highly accurate performance and easily surpasses the accuracy of existing techniques.
Teacher Perceptions Regarding Teaching and Learning of Seasonal Change Concepts of Middle School Students with Visual Impairments

This study examines two classroom teachers' of students with visual impairments perceptions of middle school students with visual impairments learning of seasonal change and the teaching methods used in their classrooms. These perceptions were compared to data that documented student learning of the science content of seasonal change. The first teacher taught seasonal change concepts to middle school students with visual impairments using traditional instruction methodologies. The second teacher taught the same concepts using inquiry-based methodologies. Both classroom teachers were interviewed in order to probe their thinking about their classroom practices and the strategies they used. Upon completion of the inquiry-based lessons, the inquiry-based teacher stated that she will continue to utilize these lessons in the future and will not change any lessons. The traditional group teacher stated he would not make any changes but would add only a few units before teaching seasons. Both felt that students learned the reasons for seasons. Data showed that students in the traditional group were not as successful as their peers in the inquiry-based group.
Method for the design of broad energy range focusing reflectrons.

A novel method for the design of reflections capable of focusing large kinetic energy ranges is presented. The design method itself is a numerical approach that provides a geometrically flexible alternative to traditional analytical design solutions. This design method has been used to produce a reflectron that provides unit mass resolution for product spectra in a tandem reflectron time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer despite a kinetic energy range of 1950–2700 eV. In this application, the systematic progression of reflectron design results in a practical, nonlinear field reflectron with the use of only two grids. Design improvements are proposed for more flexible systems, although geometric constraints in the current instrument limit their experimental evaluation.
Direct Visualization of the Initiation and Progression of Vertebral Fractures

Vertebral fractures are the hallmark of osteoporosis, yet the failure mechanisms involved in these fractures are not well understood. Failure patterns within whole vertebrae are typically estimated from finite element analyses or from images acquired after fracture has occurred. Experimental measurement of deformations sustained by vertebrae during injurious loading would enable direct visualization of vertebral failure mechanisms as well as the possibility of validating the results of numerical simulations of vertebral fracture. Time-lapsed micro-computed tomography (μCT) has been used previously to visualize failure processes in excised specimens of trabecular bone [1,2], and methods of digital volume correlation (DVC) can be applied to these types of image series to obtain quantitative information on the deformations that the bone undergoes [3]. However, application of DVC to whole bones has not been reported and involves additional challenges such as the irregular geometry of the volume and the large size of the sets of image data. The overall goal of this study was to develop a DVC-based method for quantifying deformations throughout entire vertebrae as these vertebrae are loaded to failure.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
PCSK9 is Present in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and is Maintained at Remarkably Constant Concentrations Throughout the Course of the Day

Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PCSK9 is secreted by the liver and binds the hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor, causing its subsequent degradation. PCSK9 has also been shown to regulate the levels of additional membrane-bound proteins in vitro, including very low-density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E receptor 2, and beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1, which are highly expressed in central nervous system (CNS) and have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that human circulating PCSK9 displays a diurnal rhythm. Currently, little is known about PCSK9 levels in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the present study, we measured PCSK9 concentrations in both serum and CSF collected from healthy human subjects at multiple time points throughout the day. While PCSK9 in serum manifested a distinct diurnal pattern, CSF PCSK9 levels were remarkably constant throughout the course of the day and were also consistently lower than corresponding serum PCSK9 concentrations. Our results indicate that regulation of PCSK9 in human CSF may be different than for plasma PCSK9, suggesting that further study of the role of PCSK9 in the CNS is warranted.
Effects of Supplemental Ascorbic Acid on the Performance of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Multiple Concurrent Stressors

An experiment was conducted to determine whether ascorbic acid (AA) increases resistance of female Hubbard x Hubbard broiler chicks to multiple concurrent stressors. Stressors imposed from 10 to 17 d posthatch included 2 x 2 x 2 factorial combinations of beak trimming [(B), sham-operated or beak-trimmed and cauterized], coccidiosis [(C), gavage with 0 or 3 x 10(5) sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts], and heat stress [(H), 28 vs 33 C]. A starter diet was supplemented with AA to provide 0, 150, or 300 ppm (milligrams per kilogram). This resulted in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design with two six-chick replicates of each of the 24 treatment combinations. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and a level of 95% significance. Ascorbic acid increased feed intake and lowered plasma corticosterone and heterophil:lymphocyte ratios. Heat depressed weight gain and feed intake and elevated heterophil:lymphocyte ratios. Heat and AA interacted to improve weight gain and feed intake and lower heterophil:lymphocyte ratios. Coccidiosis depressed weight gain, feed efficiency, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratios. Coccidiosis and AA interacted to increase feed intake and lower plasma corticosterone and heterophil: lymphocyte ratios. Beak trimming increase heterophil:lymphocyte ratios. Beak trimming and AA interacted to increase feed intake and lower heterophil: lymphocyte ratios. Weight gain and feed efficiency decreased whereas heterophil:lymphocyte ratios increased linearly in unsupplemented birds as a function of stressor "order" (the number of stressors imposed simultaneously) indicating an additive effect of systematically increasing the number of stressors. No changes in feed efficiency or heterophil:lymphocyte ratios were detected as a function of stressor order when AA was provided. Ascorbic acid reduced the slope of the regression equation describing the relationship between weight gain and stressor order. It was concluded that AA, particularly at 150 ppm, enhanced performance of broiler chicks exposed to multiple concurrent environmental stressors.
Distance chemoreception-triggered avoidance behavior of the limpets Acmaea (Collisella) limatula and Acmaea (Notoacmea) scutum to the predatory starfish pisaster ochraceus

In a flow of normal seawater, populations of the limpets Acmaea (Collisella) limatula and Acmaea (Notoacmea) scutum on a horizontal surface moved upstream (positive rheotaxis). In contrast, when the scent of the predatory starfish Pisaster ochraceus was present in the water current, populations moved downstream. On a vertical surface in a flow of normal (control) water, the populations moved strongly upward in the dark (negative geotaxis) and away from light (negative phototaxis). In the presence of Pisaster scent, negative geotaxis was increased both in the light and in the dark. Negative geotaxis appeared to be a stronger response than negative rheotaxis in the presence of Pisaster scent, since limpets on a vertical surface with starfish scent in a current directed downward from above still moved up. A sample of limpets tested repeatedly in the presence of Pisaster scent was found to contain individuals differing significantly in the number of positive responses evoked and the vertical distance traveled during a response. The adaptive significance of the responses is discussed.
Implementing Relationships and Constraints in an Object-Oriented Database Using a Monitor Construct

Semantic models have shown the utility of arbitrary user-defined relationships for defining the semantics of database information, while object-oriented models have developed a strong paradigm for the expression of individual database entities. The SORAC project merges the strengths of these two models by extending the object-oriented model through the addition of active semantic relationships. These active relationships express and enforce the constraints imposed on an object by the participation of the object in some group of related objects. The SORAC system is supported by the data definition language OIL (Object Interaction Language), which automatically maps schema specifications to a database implementation supported by the ONTOS Object Database Management System. By providing an automatic mapping from the semantic data model to the object-oriented database, the SORAC system provides a consistent semantic and structural view of the data.
Anxiety sensitivity as a specific and unique marker of anxious symptoms in youth psychiatric inpatients.

We addressed several questions regarding the relation of anxiety sensitivity to anxious symptoms among 47 youth psychiatric inpatients (18 boys, 29 girls), ages 9–17 (M = 14.23, SD = 1.89). Participants completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, anxious and depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and positive and negative affect; chart diagnoses were available. Consistent with hypotheses, we found that (a) anxiety sensitivity was associated with anxious symptoms, even controlling for trait anxiety and depressive symptoms; and (b) anxiety sensitivity displayed symptom specificity to anxious versus depressive symptoms (i.e., was associated with anxiety controlling for depression but not with depression controlling for anxiety). Furthermore, regarding factors of anxiety sensitivity, we obtained mixed support for our prediction that phrenophobia would be associated with both depression and anxiety, whereas fear of physical arousal would be associated with anxiety but not depression. Implications for the construct validity of anxiety sensitivity were discussed.
Controversies and Misconceptions in Intensive Care Unit Nutrition

The early initiation of enteral nutrition remains a fundamental component of the management of critically ill and injured patients in the intensive care unit. Trophic feeding is equivalent, if not superior, to full-dose feeding. Parenteral nutrition has no proved benefit over enteral nutrition, which is the preferred route of nutritional support in intensive care unit patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract. Continuous enteral and parental nutrition inhibits the release of important enterohormones. These changes are reversed with intermittent bolus feeding. Whey protein, which is high in leucine, has a greater effect on insulin release and protein synthesis than does a soy- or casein-based enteral formula.
Effects of acutely induced ischemic heart failure on myocardial high energy phosphate stores.

SummaryThe effects of acutely induced ischemic heart failure on myocardial high energy phosphate stores were studied in dogs following an abrupt reduction (avg. 40%) of left main coronary arterial flow. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained before and during the onset of heart failure. Myocardial ATP stores were unchanged (control, 6.65 μmoles/g; ischemia, 6.66 μmoles/g) at a time when left ventricular end-diastolic pressure had risen from 3.9 to 11.3 mm Hg and left ventricular stroke work had fallen from 7.9 to 4.9 g-m. The average myocardial creatine phosphate (CP) stores fell from 13.2 μmoles/g to 7.9 μmoles/g. These results indicate that acute ischemic heart failure is not initiated by a detectable depression in total myocardial ATP stores.The able technical assistance of Shirley C. Sea-gren, Richard McGill, and James Ellison is gate-fully acknowledged.
The Fullerton Longitudinal Study: A Long-Term Investigation of Intellectual and Motivational Giftedness

The Fullerton Longitudinal Study is a contemporary prospective investigation that spans approximately a quarter of a century. Commencing at age 1, children and their families were systematically followed every 6 months from infancy through preschool and annually at ages 5 through 17. They were again assessed at age 24. The course of development for intellectually and motivationally gifted children was studied across a. breadth of developmental domains including academic, cognitive, self-perceptions, temperament, behavioral, social, family/environmental processes, and adult educational achievement. Presented are the methodology and unique aspects of this research that contribute to the study of giftedness. Major findings regarding these two distinct dimensions of giftedness are presented, with some implications for practice and directions for future research.
Personality Assessment in the Diagnostic Manuals: On Mindfulness, Multiple Methods, and Test Score Discontinuities.

Recent controversies have illuminated the strengths and limitations of different frameworks for conceptualizing personality pathology (e.g., trait perspectives, categorical models), and stimulated debate regarding how best to diagnose personality disorders (PDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), and in other diagnostic systems (i.e., the International Classification of Diseases, the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual). In this article I argue that regardless of how PDs are conceptualized and which diagnostic system is employed, multimethod assessment must play a central role in PD diagnosis. By complementing self-reports with evidence from other domains (e.g., performance-based tests), a broader range of psychological processes are engaged in the patient, and the impact of self-perception and self-presentation biases can be better understood. By providing the assessor with evidence drawn from multiple modalities, some of which provide converging patterns and some of whic...
Fatigue fracture of brittle solids

Abstract This article contains a theory of the fracture of brittle solids by fatigue based on the general concepts used in our recent publications to explain various experimental results involving the plastic deformation and fracture of solids. The theory has been applied to a variety of problems in which fracture is produced by simple loading cycles as well as to problems involving simple cycles under an imposed stress field. Problems dealing with alternating cycles, which are not simple cycles, are observed to be equivalent to the problem of fracture by simple cycles under an imposed stress field and several such problems have been treated on the basis of this observation. In all cases definitive relations are obtained between the applied loads and the number of cycles required to produce fracture. Some of the problems are of interest from a practical standpoint, e.g. the endurance limit established for the problem of the fracture of hollow spheres by external pressure cycles, will determine a depth beyond which a bathysphere may not be lowered repeatedly in the ocean without danger of eventual collapse due to fracture.
Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, and the Immunological Ecology of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers

Early growth cessation and reproduction are predicted to maximize fitness under conditions of high adult mortality, factors that could explain the pygmy phenotype of many rainforest hunter-gatherers. This life-history hypothesis is elegant but contentious in part because it lacks a clear biological mechanism. One mechanism stems from the field of human immunological ecology and the concept of inflammation "memory" across the life cycle and into subsequent generations. Maternal exposures to disease can influence immunological cues present in breast milk; because maternal provisioning via lactation occurs during critical periods of development, it is plausible that these cues can also mediate early growth cessation and small body size. Such epigenetic hypotheses are difficult to test, but the concept of developmental programming is attractive because it could explain how the stature of a population can change over time, in terms of both secular increases and rapid intergenerational decreases. Here we explore this concept by focusing on the Aeta, a population of former hunter-gatherers, and the Ilocano, a population of rice farmers. We predicted that Aeta mothers would produce breast milk with higher concentrations of four bioactive factors due to high infectious burdens. Further, we predicted that the concentrations of these factors would be highest in the cohort of women born in the early 1990s, when exposure to infectious disease was acute following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991. We analyzed levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and epidermal growth factor in the milk of 24 Aeta and 31 Ilocano women and found no detectable differences, whereas levels of transforming growth factor-?2 were elevated among the Aeta, particularly as a function of maternal age. We found no difference between cohorts divided by the volcanic eruption (n = 43 born before, n = 12 born after). We discuss the implications of our findings for the terminal investment hypothesis and we suggest that the historical ecology of the Aeta is a promising model system for testing epigenetic hypotheses focused on the evolution of small body size.
Spatio-Temporal Detection of Divided Attention in Reading Applications Using EEG and Eye Tracking

Reading is central to learning and communicating, however, divided attention in the form of distraction may be present in learning environments, resulting in a limited understanding of the reading material. This paper presents a novel system that can spatio-temporally detect divided attention in users during two different reading applications: typical document reading and speed reading. Eye tracking and electroencephalography (EEG) monitor the user during reading and provide a classifier with data to decide the user's attention state. The multimodal data informs the system where the user was distracted spatially in the user interface and when the user was distracted. Classification was evaluated with two exploratory experiments. The first experiment was designed to divide the user's attention with a multitasking scenario. The second experiment was designed to divide the users attention by simulating a real-world scenario where the reader is interrupted by unpredictable audio distractions. Results from both experiments show that divided attention may be detected spatio-temporally well above chance on a single-trial basis.
Understanding the Hydrology of Karst

Determining the nature of water flow and contaminant dispersion in karst requires far more information than can be provided by simple dye traces. Tracing can delineate drainage divides, flow directions, and flow velocities at various stages, but from water management purposes it is also important to determine such variables as groundwater storage, retention times, patterns of convergence and divergence, and response to wet-dry cycles in the soil. These are most significant in the non-conduit portions of the karst aquifer, which supply most wells. Dye tracing can be augmented by hydrograph analysis at various stages, tracing with tagged solid particles or microbes, evaluation of dissolved solids and chemical equilibria, and isotopic analysis. This paper concentrates on some of the uses of chemical equilibria and isotopes. Stable isotopes (e.g. 18 O and deuterium) and the various radium isotopes are among the most useful. Ratios among the four radium isotopes ( 228 Ra and 224 Ra, with half-lives in years; and 223 Ra and 226 Ra with half-lives in days) are well suited to karst studies. These techniques are time-consuming and costly, so a full analysis of a karst aquifer is rarely feasible. Instead, it is recommended that selective analyses be made of representative parts of the aquifer, and that they be applied as follows: (1) Develop conceptual models based on field observation, which allow one to anticipate a range of probable scenarios of contaminant transport and remediation. (2) If digital models are used, it is most effective to design simple generalized models in which the boundary conditions are clearly defined, and then to gain insight into real aquifers by noting the differences between the model and field observations. (3) Use field techniques to become familiar with the local hydrology and then apply hydraulic and chemical principles to anticipating contaminant behavior, rather than reacting only to emergencies. These approaches encourage the growth of interpretive skills based on the same scientific principles that govern the origin of caves and karst.
Play-the-Winner sampling for a fixed sample size binomial selection problem

SUMMARY In a sampling problem for selecting the better of two binomial populations with a fixed total sample size, two sampling rules are shown to have equal probabilities of correct selection. One of them is the so-called Play-the-Winner sampling rule and the other is the usual Vector-at-a-Time sampling rule. As a corollary it is also shown that for the Play-theWinner rule the expected number of observations on the poorer treatment, i.e. on the population with smaller p, is never greater than for the Vector-at-a-Time rule.
Dissect, Design, and Customize the Curriculum

Education bureaucrats in 45 states have approved the Common Core State Standards ([CCSS], 2010) as the de facto national curriculum. The implementation of the CCSS will be monitored by a national s...
Echocardiography: Providing Additional Insights into Cardiovascular Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Advanced CKD

It is now a well recognized fact that cardiovascular disease is an important determinant of poor outcomes in patients with ESRD. Perhaps less well recognized is that cardiovascular outcomes in patients with advanced CKD are similar to and, on the basis of certain observational studies, worse than
A Multiple Node Software Development Environment

Experimenters on over 30 DECnet nodes at Fermilab use software developed, distributed, and maintained by the Data Acquisition Software Group. A general methodology and set of tools have been developed to distribute, use and manage the software on different sites. The methodology and tools are of interest to any group developing and using software on multiple nodes.
Serum levels of somatomedins and somatomedin-binding protein in pregnant women with type I or gestational diabetes and their infants.

The serum levels of the low mol wt form of somatomedin-binding protein (SMBP) were 5-fold higher in both diabetic (n = 44) and nondiabetic pregnant women (n = 14) than in nonpregnant women. No difference was found between women with type 1 diabetes and those with gestational diabetes. There was a negative correlation between maternal levels of SMBP during the last trimester and the birth weight percentile of the infants (r = −0.51). There was a 2- to 3-fold elevation of maternal insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) levels during pregnancy in both diabetic and nondiabetic women. A positive correlation (r = 0.49) was found between maternal IGF-I levels and the birth weight percentiles of their infants. The correlation between the ratio of IGF-I to SMBP, which may reflect the IGFI available to the placenta, to birth weight percentile was higher (r = 0.57), and the SE of estimate of weight percentile was 23%. The ratio between IGF-I and SMBP in cord blood was correlated with birth weight, although cord blood IG...
Ferritin for the Clinician

Ferritin, a major iron storage protein, is essential to iron homeostasis and is involved in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic processes. In clinical medicine, ferritin is predominantly utilized as a serum marker of total body iron stores. In cases of iron deficiency and overload, serum ferritin serves a critical role in both diagnosis and management. Elevated serum and tissue ferritin are linked to coronary artery disease, malignancy, and poor outcomes following stem cell transplantation. Ferritin is directly implicated in less common but potentially devastating human diseases including sideroblastic anemias, neurodegenerative disorders, and hemophagocytic syndrome. Additionally, recent research describes novel functions of ferritin independent of iron storage.
Software Is More Than Code

This paper reviews the current practice of software engineering and outlines some prospects for developing a more holistic and formally grounded approach.
CHILDREN'S ATTITUDES TOWARD THE ELDERLY AND AGING

This article describes the attitudes of children aged 3 to 11 toward the elderly and what they think about the aging process. It examines the development of the ability to discriminate aging in people as defined in Piaget's theory. Education must reach children long before 6 years of age if it is to modify their perceptions of older people and to create positive images of aging.
An analysis of decision-making process in organizations: Implications for quality management and systematic practice

Decision-making is an integral organisational process that impacts every level including, individual, group, and organisation. It is often associated with problem-solving and group processes in the organisational structure. With the advance of technology and our ability to engage in more streamlined business, the role of decision-making in today's organisations became even more critical. Organisational members are often left with making fast and rapid decisions without being furnished with knowledge and skills to make them. This paper first provides an overview of different decision-making process including, brainstorming, affinity diagramming, force-field analysis, flow charting, planning matrix, unilateral decision-making, consultative decision-making, voting decision-making, and consensus decision-making; and consequently, analyses the utility of decision-making process in organisational settings and investigate their implications for quality management in organisations. The findings of this study demo...
PROPOSAL FOR A HIGH-BRIGHTNESS PULSED ELECTRON SOURCE

We propose a novel scheme for a high-brightness pulsed electron source, which has the potential for many useful applications in electron microscopy, inverse photo-emission, low energy electron scattering experiments, and electron holography. A description of the proposed scheme is presented.
Propensity Scores and Palliative Care

Dear Editor: Understanding nuances of the opportunities for palliative care to improve quality of care while reducing costs is an important topic, and I was glad to see Starks and colleagues approach this issue in their recent article on cost savings of palliative care by different hospital lengths of stay.1 I had several concerns, however, about the construction and use of propensity scores in the presented analyses. Given the field's interest in using propensity scores in palliative care outcomes analyses,2 it is imperative that we pay careful attention to the rationale for using this statistical tool. Propensity scores are intended to account for observable differences between individuals receiving a treatment (here, palliative care) and individuals receiving usual care. By accounting for these differences, a researcher can feel more confident that differences in observed outcomes (such as costs of care) are due to the treatment and not to a systematic difference between patients in the treatment and usual care groups. Variables included in propensity scores and for matching should therefore be restricted to those that occur prior to the treatment or that cannot be influenced by the treatment. By matching patient groups on length of stay and discharge disposition as Starks and colleagues did, the true effect of palliative care on costs of care is masked. Secondly, propensity scores rely on the concept of a counterfactual. That is, a treated individual with a given propensity score needs to be matched to an individual in the comparison group with a similar propensity score in order to isolate the treatment effect among individuals with a similar likelihood of receiving treatment. The 25 palliative care cases with no matches in the comparison group should have been excluded from further analyses, as these individuals had no counterparts in the comparison group from which to draw conclusions. In addition, inclusion of covariates in the propensity score that are related to treatment only and not to outcome increases the variance of treatment effect estimates.3 Variables that are related to treatment only and not to outcome (such as physician characteristics)4 are not confounders and by definition do not need to be included in the propensity score. Methods such as propensity scores are very useful to researchers in the field of palliative care who rely on observational data. By keeping in mind the rationale for using propensity scores, we can better isolate the effects of palliative care on patient outcomes.
Ab initio interactive molecular dynamics on graphical processing units (GPUs).

A virtual molecular modeling kit is developed based on GPU-enabled interactive ab initio molecular dynamics (MD). The code uses the TeraChem and VMD programs with a modified IMD interface. Optimization of the GPU accelerated TeraChem program specifically for small molecular systems is discussed, and a robust multiple time step integrator is employed to accurately integrate strong user-supplied pulling forces. Smooth and responsive visualization techniques are developed to allow interactive manipulation at minimum simulation rates below five MD steps per second. Representative calculations at the Hartree–Fock level of theory are demonstrated for molecular systems containing up to a few dozen atoms.
The Aerospace Corporation Beam Steering Testing Facility

This paper will describe the functions and capabilities of The Aerospace Corporation beam steering test facility, which is used to test, model, and evaluate electro -optical components for applications ranging from laser communications to precision pointing and control systems. A detailed discussion of the beam steerin g test bed design and capabilities is presented. Subsequently, test bed utilization is described, with an emphasis on algorithm implementation and practical aspects of mechanical and non -mechanical mechanisms used to deflect laser light sources. A methodol ogy is presented whereby the units under test are evaluated for their disturbance rejection properties while subjected to dynamic environments representing various types of spacecraft.
IFM applications to cavity flowfield predictions

R e c e n t l y . a w i n d t u n n e l t e s t was conduc t e d t o e v a l u a t e t h e s e p a r a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . a t M = . 8 5 and 1 . 2 , o f e l g h t MK82 500 pound bombs d e n s e l y packed In 8 c a v i t y w i t h a n L/D r a t i o o f 5 .38 . T h i s c a v i t y was s i z e d t o f i t i n t h e c h a n n e l under t h e F-14 a l r c i a f t . P r e l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e c r i t i c a l c o n d i t i o n s o c c u r a t t h e a f t end o f a d e n s e l y packed c a v i t y . F u r t h e r m o r e . I t a p p e a r s t h a t empty c a v i t y g r i d t e s t d a t a may n o t be s a f e l y u s e d t o p r e d i c t t r a l e c t o r i e s f o r c o n d i t i o n s where s e v e r a l bombs a r e s t i l l p r e s e n t i n t h e b a y . An a t t e m p t was a l s o made t o a p p l y t h e I n f l u e n c e F u n c t i o n Me thod ( IFM) t o a c a v i t y e n v i r o n m e n t . A l t h o u g h t h e t e c h n i q u e shows some p r o m i s e , f u r t h e r t e s t i n g and a n a l y s i s w i l l be r e q u i r e d b e f o r e I t ' s v a l i d i t y c a n be d e m o n s t r a t e d .
Gastric Mucosal Erosion in the Rat Following Administration of the Serotonin Precursor, 5-Hydroxytryptophan:

Summary5-Hydroxytryptophan administered to rats in a dose of 300 mg/kg produced hemorrhagic mucosal erosions in the glandular portion of the stomach. When atropine sulfate was injected prior to 5-hydroxytryptophan administration, the lesions were decreased in number or their occurrence prevented. Administration of reserpine also produced similar lesions which were delayed in appearance.
One-Step Process for the Production of BTEX and LPG-like Fuel from Pentanediol

We report on a one-step process to produce value-added organic chemicals via deoxygenation of pentanediol (PeD) over HZSM-5 at temperatures between 325 and 450 °C and atmospheric pressure. The conversion efficiency of PeD to petroleum gas (C2–C5) and aromatics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) reached up to 94% (carbon yield); we observed minimal CO, CO2, and coke production. Furthermore, the carbon yield to the desired products remained near 91.5% with a steady product distribution for 40 h. No severe degradation of catalytic activity of HZSM-5 due to the presence of water in the product stream was observed after multiple regenerations. The catalytic process represents a valuable step toward displacing petroleum-based chemicals.
Reliability Design Based on PDCA Recycle for Electronic Equipment

As a set of scientific procedures,PDCA( Plan Do Check Action) recycle can be applied to reliability design for electronic equipment. The connotation of PDCA recycle is expounded,and according to the control and management mode,some related issues of reliability design for electronic equipment are discussed,including reliability plan,reliability analysis and computation,reliability design,reliability check, reliability action,ect.. Practice has proved that the reliability design based on PDCA recycle can ensure that any activity affecting equipment reliability can be effectively controlled,and improve equipment's reliability level effectively.
EOR methods after polymer flooding and their action mechanisms

There is still almost 50% crude oil remained underground after polymer flooding.So,scientific and technical personnel highly evaluate the EOR technology for post-polymer flooding.Based on physical simulation,the author has evaluated the methods of further increase of swept volume and oil displacement efficiency after polymer flooding.Results show that oil recovery after polymer flooding can be further increased with the application of high concentration polymer solution,ASP multi-system,alkaline/surfactant/cross-linking polymer multi-system and zeolite/polymer solution.The increment of oil recovery is from 5.4% to 7.6%.For heterogeneous reservoir,contribution of increasing swept volume to recovery efficiency is bigger than that of increasing oil displacement efficiency.Considering from two aspects of technology and economy,zeolite/polymer solution flooding has higher application potential.
Sarcopenia predicts costs among patients undergoing major abdominal operations.

Background Although sarcopenia has been identified as a predictor of poor, postoperative, clinical outcomes, the financial impact of sarcopenia remains undetermined. We sought to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and hospital finances among a cohort of patients undergoing a hepato-pancreatico-biliary or colorectal resection. Methods Clinical, financial, and morphometric data were collected for 1,169 patients undergoing operative resection between January 2011 and December 2013 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between sarcopenia and total hospital costs. Results Using sex-specific cutoffs for total psoas volume, 293 patients were categorized as sarcopenic. The presence of sarcopenia was associated with a $14,322 increase in the total hospital cost (median covariate-adjusted cost, sarcopenia versus no sarcopenia: $38,804 vs $24,482, P P 1: sarcopenia versus no sarcopenia: $43,283 vs $38,679, both P Conclusion As measured by sarcopenia, patient frailty is inversely related to total hospital costs. Sarcopenia represents a novel tool for forecasting patient outcomes and operative costs and can be used to inform quality improvement and cost containment strategies.
Dose-response relationship of the ionophore tetronasin in growing-finishing cattle.

The dose-response relationship of the ionophore tetronasin was defined in growing-finishing cattle (84 heifers and 84 steers). Cattle were allotted by sex and weight replication (light and heavy) to 24 pens. Six dosages (D) of tetronasin (0, 3.7, 7.3, 11.0, 14.7 and 18.3 mg/kg, dry matter [DM] basis) were fed. Diets containing 40, 25 and 10% roughage were fed for 84, 56 and either 56 (heavy replication) or 91 d (light replication), respectively. Average starting weights were 242 and 270 kg and ending weights were 433 and 480 kg for heifers and steers, respectively. No interactions existed for ionophore with sex (P greater than .2) over the trial. Ionophore treatment did not affect overall average daily gain (.94 kg/d; P greater than .2). Daily DM intake (kg/d) decreased linearly as the level of tetronasin increased (8.4-.042D (dosage), r2 = .83, P less than .001). Gain efficiency (gain/feed, kg/100 kg DM) increased curvilinearly as ionophore dosage increased (11 + .16D - .0058D2, r2 = .77, P less than .001). Solving the first derivative indicated an optimum dose for gain efficiency improvement of 13.8 mg/kg. The gain efficiency response was greatest the first 84 d, less the next 56 d and minimal the last 56 or 91 d (20, 7 and 2% improvement for D = 14.7 mg/kg, respectively). Tetronasin was found to improve gain efficiency by about 10% over control at an optimum dosage of 13.8 mg/kg.
Next-generation RNA-based fluorescent biosensors enable anaerobic detection of cyclic di-GMP

Bacteria occupy a diverse set of environmental niches with differing oxygen availability. Anaerobic environments such as mammalian digestive tracts and industrial reactors harbor an abundance of both obligate and facultative anaerobes, many of which play significant roles in human health and biomanufacturing. Studying bacterial function under partial or fully anaerobic conditions, however, is challenging given the paucity of suitable live-cell imaging tools. Here, we introduce a series of RNA-based fluorescent biosensors that respond selectively to cyclic di-GMP, an intracellular bacterial second messenger that controls cellular motility and biofilm formation. We demonstrate the utility of these biosensors in vivo under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and we show that biosensor expression does not interfere with the native motility phenotype. Together, our results attest to the effectiveness and versatility of RNA-based fluorescent biosensors, priming further development and application of these and other analogous sensors to study host-microbial and microbial-microbial interactions through small molecule signals.
Abstract 2817: An inhibitor to the WEE1 kinase has pre-clinical activity in mutant KRAS/LKB1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer

Within eukaryotic cells, the G1/S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints activate in response to intracellular or extracellular stress to prevent defects in DNA synthesis and mitosis. Deregulation of the cell cycle is a fundamental characteristic of cancer, with loss of the G1/S checkpoint playing an important role in carcinogenesis. Phenotypically, loss of the G1/S checkpoint within tumor cells results in increased reliance upon the G2/M checkpoint for adaptation to stress and DNA damage repair. This dependence has led to interest towards inhibition of the G2/M checkpoint for therapeutic treatment. Efforts have produced several clinically relevant compounds that target the regulatory proteins of the G2/M checkpoint. One of these compounds the WEE1 kinase inhibitor, AZD1775 displays favorable activity in a variety of pre-clinical tumor models in combination with DNA damaging agents and in particular, AZD1775 shows enhanced activity in tumor cells harboring inactivating mutations to p53. However, whether AZD1775 or other G2 checkpoint inhibitors have improved activity in the context of other mutations remains poorly understood. The tumor suppressor, LKB1 (STK11) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is commonly co-mutated with oncogenic mutations to KRAS (mtKRAS). Functional studies have revealed that mtKRAS/LKB1-deficient (LKB1-) NSCLC cells display increased activation of the G2/M checkpoint and this characteristic of mtKRAS/LKB1- NSCLC has been proposed as a point for therapeutic intervention. Based upon the reported response of tumor cells to AZD1775, we investigated the pre-clinical effects of AZD1775 in mtKRAS/LKB1- NSCLC. Employing NSCLC cell lines, we find that AZD1775 has increased activity in mtKRAS/LKB1- cells in vitro. mtKRAS/LKB1- NSCLC cells display increased protein levels of markers of DNA damage (phosphorylated γ-H2AX) and apoptosis (cleaved PARP) and reduced cell viability with AZD1775 treatment, compared to mtKRAS NSCLC with functional LKB1. The effects of AZD1775 in mtKRAS/LKB1- NSCLC cells were enhanced in the presence of DNA damaging agents (radiation, cisplatin). Using a genetically-engineered mouse model of mtKRAS/LKB1- NSCLC, combined treatment of AZD1775 and cisplatin were found to increase overall survival, compared to cisplatin mono-therapy in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that application of AZD1775 with DNA damaging agents may have therapeutic efficacy in mtKRAS/LKB1- NSCLC, a genomic subgroup of lung cancer with no effective therapeutic regimens. Citation Format: Amanda L. Richer, Jacqueline M. Cala, Kelley O’Brien, Vashti M. Carson, Timothy G. Whitsett, Landon J. Inge. An inhibitor to the WEE1 kinase has pre-clinical activity in mutant KRAS/LKB1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2817.
Reduced dimensional polynomial chaos approach for efficient uncertainty analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotube interconnects

In this paper, a novel polynomial chaos approach for the fast uncertainty analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotube interconnect networks is proposed. The key feature of this approach is the development of a decoupled sensitivity analysis methodology to intelligently identify and prune the least impactful random dimensions from the original random space. This dimension reduction strategy allows the reliable modeling of the full-dimensional uncertainty in interconnect networks at the cost of evaluating only a fraction of the full-blown PC coefficients. The validity of the proposed methodology is demonstrated using a numerical example.
Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Responses of Grapevine cv . 'Italia' (Vitis vinifera L.) Grafted on Different Rootstocks to Contrasting Soil Water Status

Plant growth and reproductivity of grape cv . 'Italia' subjected to two different irrigation levels in controlled glasshouse were investigated over 2 years. Initially, two years old vines were grafted on 5 BB (V. berlandieri Planch.× V. riparia Michx.), 99 R ( V. berlandieri Planch.× V. rupestris Scheele) rootstocks or on its own root system in 40 L pots. During the cultivation, half of the vines of each experimental group were Fully Irrigated (FI: 100% of field capacity) while the others were subjected to continuous Deficit Irrigation (DI: 40% of field capacity). During the study, significant negative effects of DI on plant vegetative development and physiology were observed. The lignified shoot length of vine on 5 BB rootstock decreased by 29.1% under DI as compared to growth under FI. On the other hand, the vine with 99 R rootstock decreased by 18.2% under DI as compared to lignified shoot growth under FI, while a 20.1% decrease occurred for own root (DI vs. FI). Also, DI regime resulted in slight decreases in P, K, and Ca status of leaves, while Zn and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in the vines subjected to DI. DI resulted in reduced cluster weight and vine yield in varying degrees with respect to rootstock usage. Under DI condition, the vines on 99 R yielded better than those on 5 BB, but vines on on 5 BB reacted adversely to DI. Considering the overall findings, grapevines cv. 'Italia' on 99 R exhibited higher drought tolerance than 5 BB. Rootstocks had slight impairing effects on physiological traits, yield, and mineral acquisition of grapevine cv . 'Italia' as compared to own-rooted.
Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation

Idiopathic anterior spinal cord herniation (SCH) is a very rare condition causing progressive thoracic myelopathy.
The Rural Nonfarm Sector in Flexible Capitalism: The Coir Industry in Kerala, India

The rural nonagricultural/nonfarm sector (RNFS)—which provides employment opportunities for a vast number of people in the global peripheries–is an important arena for policies related to alternati...
Simultaneous blind deconvolution and blind demixing via convex programming

Suppose that one receives the superposition of r signals and each of them passes through an unknown channel, can we correctly recover the signals and their corresponding channels simultaneously from only one received signal? This problem, which intertwines blind deconvolution with blind demixing, appears in many fields of science and engineering such as wireless communication, imaging sciences, audio signal processing, etc. We will present a robust, reliable and efficient approach to this challenging problem by solving a semi-definite program. The exact recoveries of both signals and channels are guaranteed under mild assumptions. We give an upper bound of how many measurements are required to accomplish this task. While our theory is suboptimal, numerical experiments demonstrate remarkable performance, even if the number of constraints is close to the degree of freedom.
Supple Skins: Considering the Relevance, Scalability, and Design Strategies for Façade System Resilience

Resilience has become the umbrella term for the ability of the built environment to resist and respond to a broad range of natural and man-made disasters. Typically, these address a spectrum of issues in the built environment at the scale of urban habitat. Exploring the significance of resilience with respect to building systems and especially the building skin presents an opportunity to examine facade systems from a different perspective and reveals unexpected links between the physical scales that comprise buildings and urban habitat. Design considerations (principles, factors, and strategies) for resilient facades are then proposed.