cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A research bibliography on the temperature dependencies of thermographic phosphors

Abstract We have prepared a comprehensive research bibliography on the fundamental physics and engineering applications of thermographic phosphors. It is available upon request.
A Longitudinal Study of Local, Sustainable, Small-Scale Cellular Networks

There are more than six billion active cellular subscribers, and they spend more than $1 trillion a year on communications. Despite this, hundreds of millions remain unconnected. One reason for this gap is the top-down nature of traditional networks, with large telecommunications arms deciding where coverage is to be available. This is enforced by the large capital investment required for cellular systems. Recent technological innovations have enabled cheaper cellular equipment. This shift is enabling new models of cellular telephony. Small organizations are suddenly capable of becoming service providers. In this article we ask, “How successful would bottom-up cellular networks be?” Essentially we argue for and demonstrate a local cellular network, employing existing infrastructure to operate at a lower cost and bring coverage to areas traditionally unable to support cellular deployments. We demonstrate this concept with an ongoing 16-month-long aeld deployment in rural Papua, Indonesia. This network is live, with 349 subscribers providing US$980 1 per month for the operator. We also show through user interviews that this network provides a valuable service to the community.
Various Distributed Shortest Path Routing Strategies for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we describe and compare several distributed greedy algorithms that produce sets of nodes that can be used to form a virtual backbone for an ad hoc wireless network. The backbone produced is always a d-hop dominating, d-hop connected set and has a desirable “shortest path property”. The perfomance of these algorithms for various parameters are compared.
Recognition of a dominant epitope in bovine heat-shock protein 70 in inner ear disease.

Objective: To investigate the specificity of anti-bodies to heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in patients with idiopathic, progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (IPBSNHL) and Meniere disease. Study Design: Test immunoreactivity of patients' sera using recombinant human (rh) and bovine (rb) HSP70, as well as segments representing different regions of bovine HSP70 as antigen. Methods: Sera were tested by Western blotting. Results: Of 52 patients with IPB-SNHL, 40 sera reacted only with rbHSP70; 12 reacted with both rbHSP70 and rhHSP70. Sera from 13 patients with IPBSNHL and from 8 with Meniere disease were tested on the panel of bovine HSP70 segments. Eleven and 7 samples, respectively, reacted with amino acid segment 427-461 from the carboxy (C)-terminal region of the molecule. Conclusion: In IPBSNHL and Meniere disease, antibodies are directed primarily against an epitope(s) within the C-terminal region of HSP70 where diversity in sequence among different species, including possible pathogens, is greatest. These findings may provide clues to the pathogenesis or specific serodiagnosis (or both) of diseases of the inner ear.
The Design of Place-Based, Culturally Informed Geoscience Assessment

We present a mixed-methods approach to community-based assessment design that engages tribal college and university faculty, students, and science educators, as well as experts in cultural knowledg...
Contextual History: A Framework for Re-Placing Women in the History of Psychology

The absence of women from published histories of psychology is addressed from a perspective that makes sense of women's place in the history of psychology, including their participation, their exclusion, and their invisibility. This approach is based on principles of social constructionism and on a contextual approach to history that seeks to understand women's place in psychology as a product of socially constructed notions of gender, psychology, and history. The article suggests that an awareness of the context created by these constructions explains women's role in psychology to date and holds promise for their meaningful inclusion in the future.
What are the differences? Tutor interactions with first- and second-language writers

This paper reports on a decade of research into the nature of interactions between writing center tutors and native speaker (NS) and non-native speaker (NNS) tutees. It explores and describes the structure of this interaction and the behaviors of NNS tutees, and of tutors when interacting with both NS and NNS tutees. It characterizes writing center tutorials with NNSs as a balancing act among potentially conflicting forces. Finally, it suggests applications of these insights to tutor preparation and practice.
A comparison of tracking algorithm performance for objects in wide area imagery

Object tracking is currently one of the most active research areas in computer vision. In this paper we compare and analyze the performance of six recent object tracking algorithms on a raw, low resolution, unregistered, interlaced aerial video of multiple cars moving on a roadway. This dataset comprising 50 frames of video offers a wide variety of challenges related to imaging issues such as low resolution, unregistered frames, camera motion, and interlaced video, as well as object detection problems such as low contrast, background clutter, object occlusion and varying degrees of motion. We present the performance of these algorithms in terms of both overlap accuracy and the Euclidean distance of the center pixel returned by the tracking algorithm from the ground truth.
A laboratory investigation of cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS) in influencing CaCO3 polymorphism

Bahamian stromatolites are well-laminated structures, consisting of lithified layers alternating between unlithified layers containing fine-grained carbonate ooids. The lithified layers consist of abundant aragonite needles embedded within a matrix of extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS) by cyanobacteria, Schizothrix sp. Laboratory investigations were conducted using EPS extracted from natural stromatolites and laboratory isolates of Schizothrix sp., to chemically characterize EPS, and determine in vitro how EPS may influence CaCO3 polymorphism. EPS mainly consisted of acidic polysaccharides and proteins. Biochemical analyses indicated that contents of uronic acids and carbohydrates in EPS from lithified layers decreased when compared with unlithified layer EPS, while the protein content remained relatively constant. CaCO3 nucleation experiments demonstrated that EPS from the lithified layer, induced aragonite crystal formation in vitro, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In contrast, EPS from the unlithified layer or laboratory-cultured Schizothrix sp. induced calcite crystal formation. These laboratory results suggest the possibility that the biochemical composition, specifically small proteins, of EPS influences the resulting mineralogy of CaCO3. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The Massachusetts Approach: A New Way To Restructure State Health Insurance Markets And Public Programs

In April 2006, Massachusetts enacted legislation to reorganize both its health insurance markets and a large portion of its health care subsidy system. In this paper we consider how the Massachusetts approach differs from most previous state health reform efforts, while also noting its antecedents. We examine the policy implications of the legislation’s key elements and discuss how other states might consider altering the scope and specifics of those components. We conclude that both parts of the Massachusetts reform strategy merit consideration by other states and together hold promise for expanding coverage, particularly by addressing the problem of coverage discontinuity.
THE INFIDELITY OF CONJUGAL DNA TRANSFER IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

The accuracy of replication and transfer of a lacI gene on an F' plasmid was measured. Following conjugal transfer of the F', a small but reproducible increase (1.8-fold) in the frequency of lacI- mutations was detected. Among these, however, the frequency of nonsense mutations was 15-fold higher than in the absence of transfer. This corresponds to a 300-fold increase in the rate of base substitutions per round of replication compared with normal vegetative DNA replication. The amber mutational spectra revealed that, following conjugal transfer, mutation frequencies were increased markedly at all sites detected. In addition, an increase in G:C leads to A:T transitions was noted and was due almost entirely to an enhanced proportion of mutants recovered at the spontaneous hotspots (amber sites 6, 15 and 34). recA-dependent processes were not responsible for the increase in mutation, since similar results were observed with various recA- donor and recipient combinations. These results demonstrate that the fidelity of conjugal DNA replication is considerably lower than that of vegetative DNA replication.
Alterations of the Cytoskeleton and Polyploidy Induced by Cryopreservation of Metaphase II Mouse Oocytes

Abstract Objective: To determine cryopreservation-induced alterations in the cytoskeleton of metaphase II mouse oocytes and the implications of these alterations in functionality of the cytoskeleton and polyploidy after fertilization. Design: Comparative study. Setting: Clinical and academic research environment at a medical school teaching hospital. Intervention(s): Oocytes were frozen using a slow-cooling (0.5°C/min) and slow-thawing (8°C/min) protocol in 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.2 M sucrose and were analyzed before and after fertilization. Main Outcome Measure(s): Cytoskeletal alterations, fertilization, and polyploidy rates. Result(s): When analyzed immediately after thawing, the oocytes displayed dramatic cytoskeletal alterations. Only slight recovery was observed upon removal of the cryoprotectants. However, incubation after thawing of 1 hour at 37°C completely reestablished a normal microfilament and microtubule pattern while partially restoring normal spindle morphology and chromosome alignment. Accordingly, insemination immediately after removal of cryoprotectants resulted in a significantly decreased fertilization rate and aberrant dynamics of cytoskeleton-dependent events, whereas oocytes inseminated after the post-thaw incubation displayed fertilization rates and cytoskeletal dynamics comparable to those in controls. Cryopreservation did not increase polyspermy but significantly increased digyny when the oocytes were inseminated after the post-thaw incubation. All digynic eggs displayed an abnormal spindle remnant in comparison with diploid or polyspermic eggs. Conclusion(s): A brief period of incubation after thawing allows recovery and positively affects fertilization and cytoskeletal dynamics. Cryopreservation does not impair the functionality of microfilaments and cytoplasmic microtubules during postfertilization events. Our findings suggest that the increased rate of digyny in cryopreserved oocytes may be related to the spindle disorganization, leading to failure in segregation of the chromosomes, rather than to direct malfunction of the microfilaments in polar body formation.
Individual and dyadic relations between spiritual well-being and quality of life among cancer survivors and their spousal caregivers.

Objectives: There is evidence that cancer generates existential and spiritual concerns for both survivors and caregivers, and that the survivor's spiritual well-being (SWB) is related to his/her own quality of life (QOL). Yet the degree to which the SWB of each member of the couple has an independent association with the partner's QOL is unknown. Thus, this study examined individual and dyadic associations of SWB with the QOL of couples dealing with cancer. Methods: A total of 361 married survivor–caregiver dyads participating in the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors-I and Quality of Life Survey for Caregivers provided complete data for the study variables. SWB was measured using 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (assessing faith, meaning, and peace) and QOL was measured using Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Results: Actor and Partner Interdependence Model analyses revealed that each person's SWB was the strongest correlate of his or her own mental health (higher SWB, better mental health). Each person's SWB was also positively related to his or her partner's physical health. Conclusions: Results suggest that the ability to find meaning and peace may be an important part of overall well-being during the cancer experience for both survivors and caregivers. Interventions designed to assist survivors and caregivers to enhance their ability to find meaning and peace in the cancer experience may help them improve mental health of their own and the physical health of partners when they are dealing with cancer beyond the initial phase of the illness trajectory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
cut11 +: A Gene Required for Cell Cycle-dependent Spindle Pole Body Anchoring in the Nuclear Envelope and Bipolar Spindle Formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The “cut” mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe are defective in spindle formation and/or chromosome segregation, but they proceed through the cell cycle, resulting in lethality. Analysis of temperature-sensitive alleles of cut11+ suggests that this gene is required for the formation of a functional bipolar spindle. Defective spindle structure was revealed with fluorescent probes for tubulin and DNA. Three-dimensional reconstruction of mutant spindles by serial sectioning and electron microscopy showed that the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) either failed to complete normal duplication or were free floating in the nucleoplasm. Localization of Cut11p tagged with the green fluorescent protein showed punctate nuclear envelope staining throughout the cell cycle and SPBs staining from early prophase to mid anaphase. This SPB localization correlates with the time in the cell cycle when SPBs are inserted into the nuclear envelope. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the localization of Cut11p to mitotic SPBs and nuclear pore complexes. Cloning and sequencing showed that cut11+ encodes a novel protein with seven putative membrane-spanning domains and homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene NDC1. These data suggest that Cut11p associates with nuclear pore complexes and mitotic SPBs as an anchor in the nuclear envelope; this role is essential for mitosis.
The relation of plaque composition and of the vasa vasorum to vascularization of atheromatous plaques in rabbits and man

Summary In microscopic studies of vascularized plaques of atheromatous rabbit aorta ( in situ or transplanted), and in human coronary arteries, blood vessels were observed to be limited to the more cellular portions containing foam cells. Vascularization of deeply located masses of foam cells in old heterogeneous plaques in rabbits by a lumen-ward extension of the vasa vasorum of the media was observed in two instances. No vessels arising from the lumen of the aorta and penetrating the plaques were identified. However, intercellular spaces containing erythrocytes were found between superficial foam cells in an eroded area and this observation suggested a mechanism for the reported deposition of hemosiderin in such places. Since masses of foam cells lying deep within plaques both in the intact artery and transplanted may become vascularized, it seems that in rabbits the scarcity of small vessels in close proximity to the plaque is probably partially responsible for the general lack of vascularization. The observations indicate that when vascularization of established plaques is considered, attention should be directed toward the small microscopically different areas which represent different stages of atherogenesis rather than toward the plaque as a whole.
Understanding the impact of RADAR interference on IEEE 802.11 MAC in spectrum sharing environments

Electromagnetic spectrum congestion is a serious problem. The majority of the desirable spectrum lie below 6 GHz, and is consumed by communication and RADAR systems. DARPA's Shared Spectrum Access for Radar and Communications (SSPARC) program seeks to improve efficient use of spectrum by allowing RADAR and communication systems to share spectrum in the 3.5 GHz S-band. In this paper, we present some results on the MAC layer performance of the IEEE 802.11 protocol in the presence of RADAR interference. We propose a simple model for the carrier sense multiple access mechanism and use it to gain insight into some important performance metrics such as MAC layer throughput, and packet service time. Finally, we provide some numerical examples to demonstrate the usefulness of the results in designing spectrum sharing strategies in real systems.
Observations on the Structure of Hydra as seen with the Electron and Light Microscopes

Sections of hydra studied with the electron microscope show various structures which have been identified by referring to control histological sections and to previous descriptions. Certain features have also been examined in frozen-dried sections under the light microscope. In the ectoderm, epithelio-muscular cells contain various organelles, and also smooth longitudinal muscle-fibres with which mitochondria may be associated. The so-called ‘supporting fibres’ appear to be thin bundles of muscle-fibres. Although points of contact exist between muscle-fibres, there appears to be no cytoplasmic continuity. The muscle-fibres insert on the mesogloea, and appear to be separated from it by two membranes, one belonging to the cytoplasm surrounding the musclefibreand the other to the mesogloea. The mesogloea is extracellular and quite distinct from the intracellular muscle-fibres. It appears granular and sometimes presents an indistinct fibrous background. In frozen-dried material the mesogloea stains blue with Mallory9s method, while the muscle-fibres stain red. Two main types of cells are found in the endoderm. Among these, some of the digestive cells contain transverse muscle-fibres, but they are less distinct than the longitudinal ectodermal fibres. Otherwise the digestive cells vary much in structure, but generally they contain vacuoles and their free surface is thrown into villi covered with small granules. The ‘foamy gland cells’ are filled with much larger vacuoles containing granular material. The vacuoles are discharged together with portions of cytoplasm, and at this stage lamellated double membranes and mitochrondria appear between the vacuoles. Both types of cell possess two flagella, which show a typical ultrastructure and are surrounded by a thick membrane. Various other cells of the ectoderm are distinguished by their characteristic appearance. Cnidoblasts, for instance, have been found to contain an extensive system of intercommunicating vacuoles bounded by membranes, and do not resemble the interstitial cells. In unexploded penetrant nematocysts the tube is preformed and the butt nd stylets can also be seen. The special gland-cells of the pedal disk show large, lectron-dense granules which are extruded from the cell without any cytoplasm. A relatively thick homogeneous layer on the surface of the pedal disk is distinguished by the electron microscope.
Supplementation with a leucine pulse during continuous feeding stimulates protein synthesis and suppresses protein degradation pathways in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

Orogastric tube feeding, using either continuous or intermittent bolus delivery, is a common clinical practice in pediatric patients who are unable to feed normally. We have shown, using the neonatal pig as a model for the human neonate, that intermittent bolus feeding (BOL) has a greater stimulatory effect on muscle protein synthesis (PS) than continuous orogastric infusion (CON) (Gazzaneo et al., 2011; El-Kadi et al., 2012). This effect is largely due to the rise in insulin and amino acid (AA) concentrations after BOL feeding which increases the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream signaling proteins leading to translation initiation in muscle (Suryawan et al., 2007).
Production of L-tryptophan by 5-fluorotryptophan and indolmycin resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis K

5-Fluorotryptophan (5FT), indolmycin (IM), 4-fluorotryptophan and 7-azatryptophan were found on screening to be tryptophan antagonists among various chemically synthesized and naturally occurring tryptophan analogues for the isolation of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) producing mutants of Bacillus subtilis K. From among 5FT resistant mutants, potent L-Trp producers were obtained using an improved isolation medium. Growth of the isolated 5FT-resistant L-Trp producer, AJ 11709, was inhibited by IM. From among 5FT and IM resistant mutants, the best strain, AJ 11979, which produced 9.0g/liter of L-Trp from 13% glucose on 120hr cultivation, was selected.
Faculty Development Scholar—Answer to Stagnation

(1970). Faculty Development Scholar—Answer to Stagnation. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 7, pp. 764-764.
A Longitudinal Study of Racial Discrimination and Risk for Death Ideation in African American Youth.

Although multiple studies have found that African Americans commonly experience racial discrimination, available studies have yet to examine how perceived racism might be related to suicide vulnerability in African American youth. The purpose of this study was to examine a framework for how perceived racial discrimination contributes to symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as subsequent suicide ideation and morbid ideation. Data were obtained from 722 African American youth at mean age 10.56 years (SD = 0.64); a second wave of data was obtained 2 years later. Results revealed both a direct effect and mediated effects of perceived racism on later suicide and morbid ideation. For boys and girls, the effect of perceived racism was mediated by symptoms of depression. However, the association was mediated by anxiety for girls, but not for boys in the current sample. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
Study on the surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Danzhou during 2010-2014

Objective To analyze the features of the occurrence of adverse events following(AEFI) in Danzhou, and to evaluate the safety of vaccines and the quality of immunization services. Methods The AEFI data of Danzhou during the period of 2010-2014 were collected through China Information System for NIP Surveillance. The descriptive methodology was used to analyze the related factors. Results A total of 452 AEFI cases were reported in Danzhou from 2010 to 2014, and the incidence rate was 20.72/100 000, with general events accounting for 73.45%, abnormal events occupying 25.00% and coincident cases accounting for 1.55%. The coverage of the vaccination unit reported did not reach 100%. The complete rate of report card and the questionnaire was 100%, and the reporting rate and the investigation rate within 48 h were both 90%. The report rate and questionnaire rate was 100%. AEFI was mainly reported from June to September, and mostly in Nada, Dongcheng and Liangyuan, with the sex ratio(male to female) of 1.58:1and the patients of no more than one year old accounting for 52.43%. The top 3 vaccines among the first category of vaccines with the highest incidence of AEFI were measles-containing vaccine, DPT vaccine and Japanese encephalitis vaccine, and the top 3 vaccines among the second category of vaccines with the highest incidence of AEFI were Cholera vaccine, 23 price pneumonia vaccine and chicken pox vaccine. Among the AEFI, 90.04% occurred within one day after vaccination, and 56.63% occurred in the first dose of the vaccine. General events were mainly fever, swelling and indurations(100%), while the abnormal events were mainly anaphylactic rash(52.21%). Conclusion The safety of vaccines and vaccination quality is good, but the sensitivity of AEFI monitoring system is low, with the quality of monitoring and reporting needed to be improved. AEFI surveillance should paid special attention to young children and first-dose-vaccination.
Early intervention mode for stroke rehabilitation in community

[Objective] To explore the early intervention mode for the community-based stroke rehabilitation. [Methods] Thirty-two stroke patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study and intervened by doctor through home visit. The early rehabilitation intervention in community was assessed with Barthel Index( BI) and Berg Balanced Scale( BBS). [Results] BI and BBS scores showed a gradual upward trend in patients as intervention went on and their differences between different intervention times were statistically significant( P 0. 001). [Conclusion] Early community-based rehabilitation intervention established the management mode for patients transferring from level III hospital to community,which played an important role in the recovery of balance function and activity of daily living for stroke patients.
Mapping the Escherichia coli Transcription Elongation Complex with Exonuclease III

RNA polymerase interactions with the nucleic acids control every step of the transcription cycle. These contacts mediate RNA polymerase recruitment to promoters, induce pausing during RNA chain synthesis, and control transcription termination. These interactions are dissected using footprinting assays, in which a bound protein protects nucleic acids from the digestion by nucleases or modification by chemical probes. Exonuclease III is frequently employed to study protein-DNA interactions owing to relatively simple procedures and low background. Exonuclease III has been used to determine RNA polymerase position in transcription initiation and elongation complexes and to infer the translocation register of the enzyme. In this chapter, we describe probing the location and the conformation of transcription elongation complexes formed by walking of the RNA polymerase along an immobilized template.
Performance of an abdominal left ventricular assist device during induced tachycardias and dysrhythmias.

Experiments were designed to assess the performance of an intracorporeal (abdominal) left ventricular assist device (ALVAD) in the presence of induced tachycardias, multiple premature ventricular contractions (PVC's), and ventricular fibrillation in calves. Performance criteria were the degree of left ventricular unloading and the per cent cardiac output assumed by the ALVAD. During synchronous pumping, left ventricular unloading was complete and the entire cardiac output was captured by the device. During induced tachycardias up to rates of 120 beats per minute, these degrees of performance were maintained. At rates in excess of 120 beats per minute, performance declined due to decreased biologic stroke volumes and prosthetic filling times. In the presence of induced PVC's, performance during synchronous pumping decreased because of erratic R-wave sensing. Left ventricular unloading was complete but irregular, and the total cardiac output was captured. When asynchronous pumping was utilized, mean left ventricular systolic pressures increased, but total cardiac output was still captured. During induced ventricular fibrillation, ALVAD actuation maintained cardiac outputs equal to control values for periods up to 5½ hours. These experiments indicate that, during normal sinus rhythm, synchronous pumping is optimal; asynchronous pumping is optimal during complex dysrhythmias; and either can be utilized to support the circulation with varying degrees of left ventricular unloading.
Effect of the Age of Pollen Used in Pollen Supplements on Their Nutritive Value for the Honeybee. I. Effect on Thoracic Weight, Development of Hypopharyngeal Glands, and Brood Rearing

SummarySignificant relationships were found between the age of pollen used in pollen supplements and the following characteristics of worker bees reared on them: development of hypopharyngeal glands; time to reach maximum thoracic weight; number of bees reared per gram of supplement consumed. Small colonies fed on pollen supplements reared more brood, but those fed on pollen substitutes maintained brood rearing for a longer time. It is concluded that the supplement was more attractive to the bees, but the substitute more nutritious. The addition of brewer's yeast to the supplement— or pollen to the substitute—might give a diet that is both attractive and nutritious.
Structural Adjustment and International Factor Mobility: Some Issues

In this paper, I forego the temptation to produce a formal model. Instead, I choose to raise some pertinent theoretical and policy issues that relate to the interaction between trade in goods and international factor mobility in so far as it has bearing on the major theme of this conference: namely the question of ‘structural adjustment’ in developed, open economies.
Wtip is required for proepicardial organ specification and cardiac left/right asymmetry in zebrafish

Wilm's tumor 1 interacting protein (Wtip) was identified as an interacting partner of Wilm's tumor protein (WT1) in a yeast two-hybrid screen. WT1 is expressed in the proepicardial organ (PE) of the heart, and mouse and zebrafish wt1 knockout models appear to lack the PE. Wtip's role in the heart remains unexplored. In the present study, we demonstrate that wtip expression is identical in wt1a-, tcf21-, and tbx18-positive PE cells, and that Wtip protein localizes to the basal body of PE cells. We present the first genetic evidence that Wtip signaling in conjunction with WT1 is essential for PE specification in the zebrafish heart. By overexpressing wtip mRNA, we observed ectopic expression of PE markers in the cardiac and pharyngeal arch regions. Furthermore, wtip knockdown embryos showed perturbed cardiac looping and lacked the atrioventricular (AV) boundary. However, the chamber-specific markers amhc and vmhc were unaffected. Interestingly, knockdown of wtip disrupts early left-right (LR) asymmetry. Our studies uncover new roles for Wtip regulating PE cell specification and early LR asymmetry, and suggest that the PE may exert non-autonomous effects on heart looping and AV morphogenesis. The presence of cilia in the PE, and localization of Wtip in the basal body of ciliated cells, raises the possibility of cilia-mediated PE signaling in the embryonic heart.
“Doing Good Work”: Feminist Dilemmas of Volunteering in the Field

In this article, I argue that there is a need to examine the feminist ethics of volunteering in the field, specifically as it relates to issues of positionality, power and reciprocity, and participatory methods. Reflecting on dilemmas I experienced as a volunteer with the Girl Scouts of San Diego while conducting research on their annual Girl Scout cookie sale, I debate the relationship between volunteerism and fieldwork more broadly and question the effectiveness of volunteerism within a feminist geographic methodological framework. In light of the dilemmas that arose in the field as a volunteer and researcher, I question whether we can consider volunteering as “good work.”
Decentralized Control for Optimizing Communication with Infeasible Regions

In this paper we present a decentralized gradient-based controller that optimizes communication between mobile aerial vehicles and stationary ground sensor vehicles in an environment with infeasible regions. The formulation of our problem as a MIQP is easily implementable, and we show that the addition of a scaling matrix can improve the range of attainable converged solutions by influencing trajectories to move around infeasible regions. We demonstrate the robustness of the controller in 3D simulation with agent failure, and in 10 trials of a multi-agent hardware experiment with quadrotors and ground sensors in an indoor environment. Lastly, we provide analytical guarantees that our controller strictly minimizes a nonconvex cost along agent trajectories, a desirable property for general multi-agent coordination tasks.
Design space exploration of GPU Accelerated cluster systems for optimal data transfer using PCIe bus

Use of accelerators such as GPUs is increasing, but efficient use of GPUs requires making good design choices. Such design choices include type of memory allocation and overlapping concurrency of data transfer with parallel computation. Performance varies with the application, hardware version such as generation of GPU, and software version including programming language drivers. This large number of design decisions makes it nearly impossible to obtain the optimal performance point by directly porting any application. This emphasizes the need for high level design decision guidelines for GPU accelerated cluster systems, applicable to a broad class of applications rather than any specific application. This paper proposes novel design guidelines for GPU accelerated cluster systems, to optimize the data transfer from host (CPU) to device (GPU) using the PCIe bus. In particular, we consider design choices offered by NVIDIA GPUs. Our main contribution is to build design guidelines that are applicable to a broad class of applications. We design 27 different versions of the same micro benchmark, where the design choices made by each version is unique. We observe that a speedup of 2.6x can be obtained just by making good design choices.
Analyzing the robustness of an array of wireless access points to mobile jammers

A risk metric for a wireless network under attack by jammers is proposed.A multi-period mixed integer programming interdiction model is developed.Signal strength trend is negative-exponential relative to jammers and locations.UCSD dataset indicates a fairly robust network in spite of jamming.Lagrangian relaxation often finds near-optimal solutions for jammer placement. We present an approach for measuring the vulnerability of a wireless network. Our metric, n-Robustness, measures the change in a networks total signal strength resulting from the optimal placement of n jammers by an attacker. Toward this end, we develop a multi-period mixed-integer programming interdiction model that determines the movement of n jammers over a time horizon so as to minimize the total signal strength of users during a sustained jamming attack. We compared several solution approaches for solving our model including a Lagrangian relaxation heuristic, a genetic algorithm, and a stage decomposition heuristic. We tested our approach on a wireless trace dataset developed as part of the Wireless Topology Discovery project at the University of California San Diego. We found that the Lagrangian approach, which performed best overall, finds a close-to-optimal solution while requiring much less time than solving the MIP directly. We then illustrate the behavior of our model on a small example taken from the dataset as well as a set of experiments. Through our experiments we conclude that the total signal power follows a sigmoid curve as we increase the number of jammers and access points. We also found that increasing access points only improves network robustness initially; after that the benefit levels off. In addition, we found that the problem instances we considered have an n-Robustness of between 39 and 69%, indicating that the value of the model parameters (e.g., number of jammers, number of time periods) has an effect on robustness.
Black Males Living in an Antithetical Police Culture: Keys for Their Survival

ABSTRACTPolice killings of unarmed Black males is an all too often occurrence. Just how many have succumbed in this manner is unknown due to a lack of a comprehensive reporting method. However, an undeniable fact and reality is that the Black community, and society as a whole, suffers as a result of the loss of these individuals. The authors of this article suggest that police shootings of unarmed Black males may never cease. The authors propose simple but thoughtful ways in which Black males should be educated by the Black community (family, church, and other institutions) regarding general survival skills and more specifically survival skills in regards to police encounters. Implications for further research are also presented.
Toxic Byproduct Formation during Electrochemical Treatment of Latrine Wastewater

Electrochemical systems are an attractive option for onsite latrine wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency and small footprint. While concerns remain over formation of toxic byproducts during treatment, rigorous studies examining byproduct formation are lacking. Experiments treating authentic latrine wastewater over variable treatment times, current densities, chloride concentrations, and anode materials were conducted to characterize byproducts and identify conditions that minimize their formation. Production of inorganic byproducts (chlorate and perchlorate) and indicator organic byproducts (haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes) during electrolysis dramatically exceeded recommendations for drinking water after one treatment cycle (∼10–30 000 times), raising concerns for contamination of downstream water supplies. Stopping the reaction after ammonium was removed (i.e., the chlorination breakpoint) was a promising method to minimize byproduct formation without compromising disinfection and nutr...
Routine Activity Theory, Target Congruence, and School Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Teacher Victimization

ABSTRACTTeachers at school are typically considered as handlers or guardians of students and managers of classrooms—in roles that foster learning and protect students from harm. Thus, relatively little research attention is given to identifying the risk factors for teacher victimization in comparison with the great deal of work addressing the correlates of student victimization at school. The present study fills this gap in the literature on school violence by examining the individual- and school-level predictors of teacher victimization. The authors’ analysis is framed using a multilevel opportunity theoretical approach, incorporating measures of teacher activities, self-protection, teacher attributes that suggest target vulnerability and target antagonism, school-level norms supportive of delinquency, and school-level guardianship. These various risk and protective factors are examined using hierarchical negative binomial regression models with data from over 4,100 teachers in 98 schools in Kentucky.
Cleaning and disinfection in home care: A comparison of 2 commercial products with potentially different consequences for respiratory health.

Background Home care aides perform personal care and homemaking services in client homes, including cleaning and disinfection (C&D). Although C&D are performed to remove soil and dust, they are increasingly performed for infection prevention. Many C&D products contain respiratory irritants. The objective of this study was to evaluate 2 commercial products for C&D effectiveness on common household surfaces in seniors' homes. Methods Two C&D visits were conducted in 46 seniors' homes. One visit applied a bleach-containing cleaning product and the other applied an environmentally preferable product. Before and after C&D, the study team performed organic soil bioluminometer measurements on surfaces and collected cotton swab and wipe samples for total bacteria count, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium difficile identification. Results Both products removed microorganisms from tested surfaces. S aureus was found in 7 households, 1 strain of which was methicillin-resistant. Both products removed S aureus from all surfaces. Bleach-containing products removed somewhat more soil than environmentally preferable products, although results were statistically significant for only 1 surface. Conclusions The study showed similar, not identical, C&D performance for 2 cleaning products with potentially different consequences for respiratory health. Additional research is needed to develop robust recommendations for safe, effective C&D in home care.
Real-Time Variable Multidelay Controller for Multihazard Mitigation

AbstractHigh performance control systems (HPCS), including semiactive, active, and hybrid damping systems, are effective solutions to increase structural performance versus multihazard excitations....
Immunopathogenesis of conjunctival histopathologic alteration in non-Sjögren's keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Dry eye or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a common ocular surface disease characterized by quantitative or qualitative abnormality of the tear film, ocular surface damage and ocular discomfort. It is a major health problem affecting millions of people worldwide: 11% 30 to 60 years old and 14.6% over 65 (4.3 million). Pflugfelder et al. have shown elevation of mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-la, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a in conjunctival cytology specimens of Sjogren’s syndrome with KCS (SSKCS). These findings suggest that the inflammatory response plays a role in pathogenesis of SS-KCS. Recent evidence suggests the inflammatory response may also play a role in pathogenesis of non-SS-related KCS (NS-KCS) that affects most patients with dry eye. The conjunctival inflammatory status of NS-KCS has not been well studied. To investigate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of NS-KCS, we examined the expression of inflammatory cytokines in conjunctival biopsies from patients with NS-KCS and asymptomatic controls.
Moral realism and reliance on moral testimony

Moral realism and some of its constitutive theses, e.g., cognitivism, face the following challenge. If they are true, then it seems that we should predict that deference to moral testimony is appropriate under the same conditions as deference to non-moral testimony. Yet, many philosophers intuit that deference to moral testimony is not appropriate, even in otherwise ordinary conditions. In this paper I show that the challenge is cogent only if the appropriateness in question is disambiguated in a particular way. To count against realism and its constitutive theses, moral deference must fail to be appropriate in specifically the way that the theses predict it is appropriate. I argue that this is not the case. In brief, I argue that realism and allied theses predict only that deference to moral testimony is epistemically appropriate, but that the intuitive data plausibly show only that it is not morally appropriate. If I am right, then there is reason to doubt the metaethical relevance of much of the skepticism regarding moral deference in recent literature.
Crystal structure of tris­[(pyridin-1-ium-2-yl)meth­yl]amine trichloride–methanol–water (1/1.829/0.342)

In the title mol­ecular salt, C18H21N43+·3Cl−.1.829CH4O.0.342H2O, the three pyridyl secondary amine N atoms are protonated with N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds present. The crystal structure contains a region of partially occupied and disordered methanol and water solvent. One of the three chloride anions is involved in hydrogen bonding to three methanol mol­ecules, two of which are disordered.
Recurrence in 787 Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Retrospective Cohort Investigation of Associated Factors Including Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use

Objective Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a highly recurrent disorder. Although some predictors including the use of antithrombotic agents such as aspirin and warfarin have been proposed, the pathogenic mechanism involved remains unclear. Moreover, the link between direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agent use and CSDH recurrence has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate factors including DOAC use that could potentially be associated with CSDH recurrence. Methods The authors analyzed 787 patients with CSDH who underwent surgery for CSDH with 1 burr-hole irrigation at Baba Memorial Hospital from January 2012 to November 2017. The patients were divided into recurrence and nonrecurrence groups and anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and control groups. Recurrence was defined as ipsilateral hemorrhage within 90 days from the original operation. Variables with P Results CSDH recurrence was observed in 12.2% of patients, and significantly more men (80.2%) than women experienced recurrence. Age, sex, and warfarin use were entered in the multivariate analysis, and it was revealed that age and male sex were independently associated with CSDH recurrence. Antithrombotic agent use including use of DOACs was not associated with increased CSDH recurrence. Conclusions The present study found that age and male sex were independently associated with CSDH recurrence, while the use of antithrombotic agents was not.
Real Sequences and Their Limits

The subset relation ⊆ between sets has the following properties: (a) If A is a set, then A ⊆ A. (b) If A and B are sets such that A ⊆ B and B ⊆ A, then A = B. (c) If A, B, and C are sets such that A ⊆ B and B ⊆ C, then A ⊆ C.
Scheduling Using a Web-Based Calendar: How Teamup Enhances Communication

Column description. The Technology column examines current and developing technology topics in libraries. The column’s focus is creative uses of technology, introductions to new technologies, and c...
New Concepts About Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism

Context Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is defined as familial primary hyperparathyroidism (FH) without a characteristic extra-parathyroidal feature of a more complex hyperparathyroid syndrome. During 80 years, new concepts of FIHP have been developed within this definition. FIHP has been difficult to study due to small kindreds and mildly symptomatic cases. Evidence acquisition Searches were through PubMed for FIHP, other FH syndromes, and the gene(s) mutated in each. Evidence synthesis Within its definition, the current concept of FIHP has clinical and mutational components. It can include incomplete expressions of MEN1 FHH, or HPT-JT or their mutations. Newest concepts of FIHP focus upon kindreds without mutation of either the MEN1, CASR, or CDC73 gene; 17% have germline activating mutation of the gene for the GCM2 transcription factor. Other genes for FIHP will probably be identified shortly. The FIHP kindreds with or without GCM2 mutation contain a median of only 2 cases of PHPT. The small kindred size in both subgroups of FIHP is probably caused low rate of screening among relatives. PHPT in FIHP with GCM2 mutation seems similar to PHPT in MEN1. Persons with FIHP and GCM2 mutation present as adults with mild hypercalcemia and multiple parathyroid tumors. Conclusions The current concept of FIHP led to a focus on small kindreds without mutation of MEN1, CASR, or CDC73. These assisted in the identification of germline activating GCM2 mutations in 17%. There is a need for clinical and mutational characterization in more cases to determine any unique clinical features of FIHP, either with or without mutation of GCM2.
An Integrated Approach to Mathematics and Language Theory and Pedagogy

Teachers and students in language immersion classrooms—classrooms where the language of instruction is different from students’ first language—are tasked with the complex endeavor of learning mathematics and learning a language simultaneously. The uniqueness of this context calls for specific conceptualizations that do not artificially separate the mathematics–language phenomenon. In this chapter, I articulate a theoretical framework from psychology about mathematics education (situated learning) and one from sociolinguistics about the second language education (communicative language teaching) to understand mathematics–language integration. I draw on classroom examples to illustrate how pedagogical practices consistent with a situated perspective on mathematics education provide opportunities to engage with the second language and how pedagogical practices consistent with a communicative perspective on the second language education provide opportunities to engage in mathematical activity. I conclude discussing implications for researchers, teachers, and parents.