cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic review: effect of alcohol intake on adherence to outpatient medication regimens for chronic diseases

Objective:Nonadherence to medications can lead to adverse health outcomes. Alcohol consumption has been shown to be associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral medications, but this relationship has not been examined at different drinking levels or with other chronic disease medications. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the association of alcohol consumption with nonadherence to medications for four chronic diseases.Method:We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant studies published through 2009. To be included in this analysis, studies had to be quantitative; have a sample size of 50 or greater; and examine the effect of alcohol consumption on medication adherence for diabetes, hypertension, depression, or HIV/AIDS. Study characteristics and results were abstracted according to pre-specified criteria, and study quality was assessed. Study heterogeneity prevented a systematic synthesis.Results:Sixty eligible studies addressed medication adherence for HIV in 47...
Northridge 20 Years After

Urban earthquakes such as the 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquake provide unique moments of clarity for those of us working on earthquake hazards. I recall being jolted awake at 4:31 a.m., 17 January 1994, in my Pasadena home. As I hurried to my U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) office on the Caltech campus, I remember wondering what the day would bring. Was the epicentral region sparsely populated, or had we just taken a direct hit to urbanized Los Angeles (LA)? We now know that, although damaging shaking extended into the LA basin, it was the San Fernando Valley that experienced truly violent shaking; five strong-motion accelerometers recorded peak ground velocities (PGV) of more than 1 m=s. Although the attack was over in 15 seconds, it left behind about $20 billion in damage and millions of terrified Angelenos, especially those living in the San Fernando Valley.
Is working memory training effective

Working memory (WM) is a cognitive system that strongly relates to a person’s ability to reason with novel information and direct attention to goal-relevant information. Due to the central role that WM plays in general cognition, it has become the focus of a rapidly growing training literature that seeks to affect broad cognitive change through prolonged training on WM tasks. Recent work has suggested that the effects of WM training extend to general fluid intelligence, attentional control, and reductions in symptoms of ADHD. We present a theoretically motivated perspective of WM and subsequently review the WM training literature in light of several concerns. These include (a) the tendency for researchers to define change to abilities using single tasks, (b) inconsistent use of valid WM tasks, (c) no-contact control groups, and (d) subjective measurement of change. The literature review highlights several findings that warrant further research but ultimately concludes that there is a need to directly demonstrate that WM capacity increases in response to training. Specifically, we argue that transfer of training to WM must be demonstrated using a wider variety of tasks, thus eliminating the possibility that results can be explained by task specific learning. Additionally, we express concern that many of the most promising results (e.g., increased intelligence) cannot be readily attributed to changes in WM capacity. Thus, a critical goal for future research is to uncover the mechanisms that lead to transfer of training.
Elevated Subclinical Double-Stranded DNA Antibodies and Future Proliferative Lupus Nephritis

Summary Background and objectives Elevated anti–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody and C-reactive protein are associated with proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN). Progression of quantitative anti-dsDNA antibody in patients with PLN has not been compared with that in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without LN before diagnosis. The temporal relationship between anti-dsDNA antibody and C-reactive protein elevation has also not been evaluated. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This case-control Department of Defense Serum Repository (established in 1985) study compared longitudinal prediagnostic quantitative anti-dsDNA antibody and C-reactive protein levels in 23 patients with biopsy-proven PLN (Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 1993–2009) with levels in 21 controls with SLE but without LN matched for patient age, sex, race, and age of serum sample. The oldest (median, 2601 days; 25%, 1245 days, 75%, 3075 days), the second to last (368; 212, 635 days), and the last (180; 135, 477 days) serum sample before diagnosis were analyzed. Results More patients with PLN had an elevated anti-dsDNA antibody level than did the matched controls at any point (78% versus 5%; P P P 4 years (33% versus 0%; P =0.04) before diagnosis. A rate of increase >1 IU/ml per year (70% versus 0%; P P Conclusions Elevated anti-dsDNA antibody usually precedes both clinical and subclinical evidence of proliferative LN, which suggests direct pathogenicity. Absolute anti-dsDNA antibody level and rate of increase could better establish risk of future PLN in patients with SLE.
Periplus Maris Erythraei 36: Teak, Not Sandalwood

In the literature on Rome's trade with the Far East, it is confidently stated that sandalwood and teak figured among the imports from India. The evidence offered is a passage from Per . 36. As it happens, the words in the passage taken to refer to sandalwood actually refer to teak, and those taken to refer to teak have nothing to do with it.
Molecular organic electronic circuits

Electronic energy disorder associated within amorphous and polycrystaline molecular organic thin film structures strongly affects the macroscopic observable behavior of organic field effect transistors (OFET) and poses practical challenges to implementing OFET circuits. It has been convenient to ignore the detailed physical processes associated with this disorder and model OFET behavior as equivalent to silicon FETs, but such simplifications limit our ability to develop integrated circuit technology as they fail to predict the true integrated OFET behavior. This talk will highlight the evolution of the organic electronic circuit technology and the challenges that lay ahead, emphasizing the need for physically accurate models of device behavior as the cornerstone of any future circuit advancements.
"Mind the Gap" in the Classroom

This reflective essay describes a teacher’s development of a student-centered approach to teaching which bridges the gap between students’ knowledge before and after a course. In “mind the gap teaching,” students’ prior knowledge leads the conversation and, in turn, the teaching, allowing them to integrate new information more effectively.
Temperature and Diapause Development in the Egg of Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Three independent studies were conducted on the effects of constant temperatures (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 25°C) with numerous exposure times (15 to 240 d) on diapausing embryos of the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence. All three studies had similar results. The temperahlres 15 and 18°C appeared to enhance diapause development and subsequent diapause termination when compared with the lower temperatures (O–3°C). However, the temperature range 9–12°C was optimum for minimum mortality and maximum hatch at nearly all exposure times used. At this range and in particular 9°C, hatch was as high as 60% after 180 d exposure. Exposures of 15 and 30 d produced minimal hatch, <20%, at any temperature. Days to hatch tended to decrease as temperature increased but varied with experiment. Hatching time also decreased as exposure increased for all temperatures. Eggs exposed only to the developmental optima of 25°C had <20% hatch in all studies, and ≥50% of the eggs were still in the diapause state at the conclusion of the studies. We concluded that most D. barberi embryos require low temperature to terminate diapause and complete embryogenesis. These studies support the hypothesis that D. barberi has a propensity to be continuously variable in diapause length. Also, variable diapause length has allowed this species to adapt to natural and artificial perturbations, in particular, crop rotation.
Robust Cuprous Phenanthroline Sensitizer for Solar Hydrogen Photocatalysis

The Cu(I) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer complex, [Cu(dsbtmp)2]+ (dsbtmp = 2,9-di(sec-butyl)-3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), exhibits outstanding stability as a visible-light-absorbing photosensitizer in hydrogen-evolving homogeneous photocatalysis. In concert with the Co(dmgH)2(py)Cl water reduction catalyst and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine sacrificial donor in 1:1 H2O:CH3CN, this Cu(I) sensitizer remains active even after 5 days of visible-light-pumped (λex = 452 ± 10 nm) hydrogen evolution catalysis. Deuteration studies illustrate that the hydrogen produced from this composition does indeed originate from aqueous protons.
Bare Facts and Naked Truths: Gender, Power, and Freedom of Expression

(1992). Bare Facts and Naked Truths: Gender, Power, and Freedom of Expression. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 129-148.
Implementation of Tasks in RTI: Perceptions of Special Education Teachers

A survey of special education teachers in one state was conducted to determine their perceptions on the performance of tasks in the Response to Intervention (RTI) process. We asked teachers to identify professionals who completed or were involved in these tasks at each tier. Participants were asked to check who (a) refers students, (b) assesses individual needs, (c) plans instruction, (d) selects curriculum, (e) delivers instruction, (f) collects data, (g) graphs data, (h) interprets the data, and (i) makes decisions to move students to another tier of instruction. Overall, special education teachers perceive that general education teachers are involved in the majority of tasks throughout the tiers. They perceive the general education teachers’ involvement as decreasing from Tier 1 to Tier 3. Special education teachers perceive themselves as increasing in involvement from Tier 1 through Tier 3.
Adolescents' Awarenss and Perceptions of E-Cigarettes: Implications for Intervention and Tobacco Regulation

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly popular in the US, including among pediatric patients. E-cigarette marketing is prominent in multiple media (television, internet, print), which raises concerns that it might increase the appeal of e-cigarettes among youth. To inform potential preventive interventions, this study sought to examine youth’s awareness of e-cigarettes, sources of awareness, and perceived harms, addictiveness, and appeal of e-cigarettes. Adolescents ages 12 to 17 presenting for primary care well visits at an urban adolescent medicine clinic were recruited for 1:1 telephone interviews. Interviews assessed e-cigarette marketing …
Digital valve for high pressure high flow applications

To address the challenges, which are involved with the development of flow control valves that can meet high demand requirements such as high pressure, high flow rate, limited power and limited space, the authors have conceived a novel design configuration. This design consists of a digitalized flow control valve with multipath and multistage pressure reduction structures. Specifically, the valve is configured as a set of parallel flow paths from the inlet to the outlet. A choke valve controls the total flow rate by digitally opening different paths or different combination of the paths. Each path is controlled by a poppet cap valve basically operated in on-off states. The number of flow states is 2N where N is the number of flow paths. To avoid erosion from sand in the fluid and high speed flow, the seal area of the poppet cap valve is located at a distance from the flow inlet away from the high speed flow and the speed is controlled to stay below a predefined erosion safe limit. The path is a multistage structure composed of a set of serial nozzles-expansion chambers that equally distribute the total pressure drop to each stage. The pressure drop of each stage and, therefore, the flow speed at the nozzles and expansion chambers is controlled by the number of stages. The paths have relatively small cross section and could be relatively long for large number of stages and still fit in a strict annular space limit. The paper will present the design configuration, analysis and preliminary test results.
Over Our Dead Bodies: The Fight over Cemetery Construction in Nineteenth-Century London:

Historians portray London’s “Magnificent Seven” suburban cemeteries as the first fruits of the urban health reforms inspired by Edwin Chadwick and George Walker. But all seven cemeteries opened bef...
Solid tumor therapy by selectively targeting stromal endothelial cells

Engineered tumor-targeted anthrax lethal toxin proteins have been shown to strongly suppress growth of solid tumors in mice. These toxins work through the native toxin receptors tumor endothelium marker-8 and capillary morphogenesis protein-2 (CMG2), which, in other contexts, have been described as markers of tumor endothelium. We found that neither receptor is required for tumor growth. We further demonstrate that tumor cells, which are resistant to the toxin when grown in vitro, become highly sensitive when implanted in mice. Using a range of tissue-specific loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic models, we determined that this in vivo toxin sensitivity requires CMG2 expression on host-derived tumor endothelial cells. Notably, engineered toxins were shown to suppress the proliferation of isolated tumor endothelial cells. Finally, we demonstrate that administering an immunosuppressive regimen allows animals to receive multiple toxin dosages and thereby produces a strong and durable antitumor effect. The ability to give repeated doses of toxins, coupled with the specific targeting of tumor endothelial cells, suggests that our strategy should be efficacious for a wide range of solid tumors.
Performance Pay and Work-Related Health Problems: A Longitudinal Study of Establishments

Using panel data from 2004 and 2011, the authors find an elevated incidence of work-related ailments (associated with bones, muscles, and joints) in U.K. establishments that use individual performance pay, even after accounting for establishment fixed effects. Fixed-effect estimates also confirm a positive relationship between absence due to illness and performance pay. The elevated rates of ailments associated with performance pay appear to reduce financial performance and product quality, even though performance pay has a positive net influence on financial performance. Thus, a hidden cost of performance pay is occupational health deterioration. Parallel results are absent for labor productivity and, in a smaller sample, for profit.
HAMR Thermal Gradient Measurements and Analysis

The edge gradient of the thermal spot used to define bits in heat-assisted magnetic recording is a critical parameter in determining the quality of the magnetic transitions. We review the laser current modulation method used to measure this parameter and introduce the sideband ratio (SBR) approach as a fast, inexpensive technique for getting data on large volumes of heads or media. Mathematical derivation of the SBR method is given along with the details of implementation. Production level data on thousands of recording heads are used to illustrate its usefulness.
Marginalizing the Queer Vote Post-Marriage: The Challenges of Visibility

The 2016 presidential primary season in the United States featured several lengthy and dramatic debates. Though they covered a great deal of political ground, foreign and domestic, issues of concer...
Selective Inactivation of Functional RNAs by Ribozyme-Catalyzed Covalent Modification

The diverse functions of RNA provide numerous opportunities for programming biological circuits. We describe a new strategy that uses ribozyme K28min to covalently tag a specific nucleobase within an RNA or DNA target strand to regulate and selectively inactivate those nucleic acids. K28min variants with appropriately reprogrammed internal guide sequences efficiently tagged multiple sites from an mRNA and from aptamer and ribozyme targets. Upon covalent modification by the corresponding K28min variant, an ATP-binding aptamer lost all affinity for ATP, and the fluorogenic Mango aptamer lost its ability to activate fluorescence of its dye ligand. Modifying a hammerhead ribozyme near the catalytic core led to loss of almost all of its substrate-cleaving activity, but modifying the same hammerhead ribozyme within a tertiary stabilizing element that reduces magnesium dependence only impaired substrate cleavage at low magnesium concentration. Thus, ribozyme-mediated covalent modification can be used both to sel...
The Future of Preschool Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention

Preschoolers are in the most rapid period of brain development. Environment shapes the structure and function of the developing brain. Promoting brain health requires cultivation of healthy environments at home, school, and in the community. This improves the emotional-behavioral and physical health of all children, can prevent problems in children at risk, and can alter the trajectory of children already suffering. For clinicians, this starts with assessing and treating the entire family, equipping parents with the principles of parent management training, and incorporating wellness prescriptions for nutrition, physical activity, music, and mindfulness.
Perovskite-related hybrid noble metal iodides: Formamidinium platinum iodide [(FA) 2 Pt IV I 6 ] and mixed-valence methylammonium gold iodide [(MA) 2 Au I Au III I 6 ]

Abstract Noble metal halide compounds are an exciting class of materials which display unique crystal chemistry with temperature and pressure. Here we report two new compounds, single-valence formamidinium platinum iodide [(FA)2PtIVI6] and mixed-valence methylammonium gold iodide [(MA)2AuIAuIIII6]. Structural changes between 300 K and 100 K have been monitored. The compounds crystallize in two different perovskite-related structure classes, with the added complexity of a disordered, “tumbling”, organic cation at 300 K. This tumbling is significantly reduced at 100 K. (FA)2PtIVI6 undergoes in-phase octahedral tilting similar to related vacancy-ordered perovskite materials. At 100 K, (MA)2AuIAuIIII6 undergoes a transition which facilitates stronger Au–I covalent bonding as made evident by a contraction of the unit cell and distances between Au and I atoms in the ab plane.
Recurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a sickle cell patient.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in sickle cell patients has been rarely reported previously in the setting of severe crisis or uncontrolled hypertension. Here, we report a rare and unusual case of recurrent PRES in a young adult sickle cell patient without any obvious precipitating factors
Characterization of the T-cell receptor repertoire and immune microenvironment in patients with locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

3080Background: Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade was recently approved for patients with recurrent/metastatic SCCHN, however it has not been investigated in the curative-intent setting yet. I...
Estimation of an Integral

Different techniques are used to get upper and lower bounds of the integral $${\text{J}}({\text{a}};\lambda ,\theta ) = \int\limits_{\text{a}}^{\text{b}} {\frac{{{\text{ds}}}}{{{{\text{s}}^\lambda } - {\text{b}}}}{\text{with}}{\mkern 1mu} {\text{b}} = \theta {{\text{a}}^\lambda },}$$ where 0 < λ <1, 0 < θ <l, 0 < a < b< l. These bounds are used to study the asymptotic behavior of J as a → 0 (with λ and θ fixed). The problem arises in the study of the delay differential equation ρ’(t) = ρ(t)λ + ρ(t-μ(t)).
Preferred Orientation Of Cold-Rolled Uranium Foil

Uranium was cold rolled to a reduction in thickness of 90 pct and the preferred orientation of the grains was determined from X-ray intensity data. Complete pole figures for a large number of atom planes were plotted, and the preferred orientation was found to be duplex (102) [010] + (012) [021]. These preferred orientations are compared with those reported for many of the hexagonal-close-packed metals.
Empreendedorismo como ativismo? Resistindo à gentrificação em Oakland, Califórnia

This article investigates the cultural politics of entrepreneurship as a form of opposition to gentrification in Oakland, California. Building on Watkins and Caldwell’s (2004) foundational work, I examine the relationship between political projects–– resisting gentrification, racial and economic disparities––and the cultural work of signifying a community’s continued presence amidst displacement and glorification of newcomers. Based on 30 interviews with employees of food justice non-profit organizations, social enterprises, and government agencies, I argue that activists promote food-based entrepreneurship to create employment and business opportunities for long- term residents that enables them to stay in their hometown. In doing so, the contri­butions of long-standing communities to Oakland’s diverse food cultures are highlighted. However, property values are rising rapidly that even these opportunities cannot ensure that long-term communities remain. For this reason, I conclude by offering examples of direct action and policy advocacy that can supplement these entrepreneurial approaches.
Inactivation of HIV and safety precautions for the workplace.

In June 1981 the initial reports of the occurrences of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in previously healthy homosexual men [1, 2] heralded the beginning of the epidemic now known as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Shortly thereafter it was recognized that the particular populations found to be at risk for the development of AIDS — homosexual or bisexual men, intravenous drug users, hemophiliacs, and people who have received blood transfusions or other blood products — were also known to be at risk for infection with hepatitis B (HBV).
ON THE TRANSIENT CASE FOR MARKOV DECISION CHAINS WITH GENERAL STATE SPACES

The transient case for discrete time dynamic programs is extended to allow for fairly general state and action spaces. Most of the finite state space results hold, including that the transient case exists if and only if there exists a certain condition involving just the stationary policies. These results are applied to a problem of controlling a multitype branching process.
Biocompatible MOFs with high absolute quantum yield for bioimaging in the second near infrared window

Here we detail a study highlighting the correlation between particle size and absolute quantum yield (QY) in novel mixed metal near-infrared (NIR) emitting metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) materials. The nanoscale analogue in this series presents a QY of 6.3%, the highest of any NIR emitting MOFs reported to date.
Association between health status and social integration/loneliness in survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers.

e21563Background: AYA cancer survivors are at risk of various adverse health outcomes, but the relation between health status, social integration (i.e., social network and support) and loneliness i...
Influence of low methoxyl pectin on the physicochemical properties of sodium caseinate-stabilized emulsions

Two strategies of emulsion preparation, stabilization by sodium caseinate (CAS)/low methoxyl pectin (LMP) complexes formed in advance, and stabilization by the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) method, were compared. In aqueous solution, at a constant CAS concentration (5 g/L), the gradual addition of LMP resulted in an increase in turbidity of the solution caused by the increasing formation of insoluble complexes. The zeta potential change showed that the interactions are mainly due to an electrostatic mechanism. The spectrofluorometric studies as well as the spectroscopic analysis in the UV–visible region have shown that the interactions with LMP caused a change in the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein. Then, these complexes were used for stabilizing oil/water emulsions. The emulsions stabilized by complexes formed in advance and LBL method were characterized by measuring zeta potential, dynamic viscosity, serum index, and particle size distribution. The results showed that, at low LMP concentrations, complexes‐stabilized emulsions were more stable than LBL‐stabilized ones, while at high LMP concentrations, LBL‐stabilized emulsions showed better stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: These results would be useful during the development of encapsulation systems having hybrid interfaces in order to better control the release of hydrophobic active molecules like essential oils. These molecules have various benefits like antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which could be exploited for food biopreservation. One of the major problems for application in food preservation of these active molecules is their great sensitivity to the environmental stress (temperature, pH…), their low water‐solubility, their interactions with food components, and their pronounced odor and flavor. The encapsulation of these molecules in the developed emulsions containing the proper concentration of LMP could be a suitable solution to protect and release these lipophilic molecules in foods.
Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. Electronic Art and Animation Catalog.

The SIGGRAPH 2002 Art Gallery celebrates the creative spirit by taking a look "behind the scenes" at the process of creating digital and electronic fine art. This year, the gallery highlights the process that generates the work, demonstrating how the digital artist creates. Attendees experience the innovative examples of two-dimensional, three-dimensional, interactive, and installation work submitted by the international computer graphics community. Some works represent traditional forms such as print or sculpture while others push the boundaries of Web communication and interactive spaces. Through sketches, diagrams, video documentation, Web documentation, and discussions, more than 70 artists reveal the magic behind their work. The artworks show excellence in innovation and artistic talent, document creative thought, illustrate working process, and explain the use of the computer or electronics in the piece.
Rate of weight gain as a predictor of readmission in adolescents with eating disorders

Background Readmission after hospital discharge is common in adolescents with eating disorders. Studies on the association between rapidity of weight gain and readmission are inconsistent. With an emphasis on more rapid weight gain during hospitalization, the effect of this strategy on readmission rates warrants further investigation. Objective This project explored the relationship between rate of weight gain during hospitalization and medically necessitated readmissions. Subjects Eighty-two patients who: were admitted due to an eating disorder during a 5-year period; achieved weight restoration to ≥84% of ideal body weight (IBW); had a follow-up visit with the adolescent medicine service after discharge; and, had information available on rate of weight gain. Methods Data were extracted from medical records. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of rate of weight gain on readmission. The effect of a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis was tested for an interaction. Results Of patients 20.7% required readmission. The median rate of weight gain was 118.6 g/day [interquartile range (IQR) = 91.8-150.8]. There was a 1.8 times [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9-3.6, p = 0.087] greater odds of readmission with each increase in weight gain quartile after adjusting for potential confounders. Patients in the lowest rate of weight gain quartile and no psychiatric co-morbidity had a significantly lower predicted probability of readmission (25.1%) compared to those with a psychiatric comorbidity and in the highest quartile of rate of weight gain (48.4%). Conclusion Patients with eating disorders who have rapid inpatient weight gain and psychiatric co-morbidities may be at increased risk for readmission.
Economic Profile of Kosovo: Problems and Challenges

Kosovo is the youngest independent country in Europe. It declared independence on 17 February 2008. In July 2010, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) confirmed that Kosovo’s declaration of independence did not breach international law. Despite its economic potential, rich natural resources base and fertile agricultural land, Kosovo, traditionally, has been the least developed and poorest region in the Yugoslav federation. The World Bank classifies Kosovo in the group of lower-middle-income economies. Kosovo’s production capacities are generally considered underdeveloped and its economy relies on consumption, investment in infrastructure and, especially, remittances. Its economy is small, consumption-driven, and dominated by the services and a fairly large agricultural sector. Although Kosovo has achieved some major advances towards building an institutional, regulatory and financial framework conducive to SME development, the problem remains one of implementation of these measures.
A Systematically Assembled Signature of Genes to be Deep-Sequenced for Their Associations with the Blood Pressure Response to Exercise.

Background: Exercise is one of the best nonpharmacologic therapies to treat hypertension. The blood pressure (BP) response to exercise is heritable. Yet, the genetic basis for the antihypertensive effects of exercise remains elusive. Methods: To assemble a prioritized gene signature, we performed a systematic review with a series of Boolean searches in PubMed (including Medline) from earliest coverage. The inclusion criteria were human genes in major BP regulatory pathways reported to be associated with: (1) the BP response to exercise; (2) hypertension in genome-wide association studies (GWAS); (3) the BP response to pharmacotherapy; (4a) physical activity and/or obesity in GWAS; and (4b) BP, physical activity, and/or obesity in non-GWAS. Included GWAS reports disclosed the statistically significant thresholds used for multiple testing. Results: The search yielded 1422 reports. Of these, 57 trials qualified from which we extracted 11 genes under criteria 1, 18 genes under criteria 2, 28 genes under criteria 3, 27 genes under criteria 4a, and 29 genes under criteria 4b. We also included 41 genes identified from our previous work. Conclusions: Deep-sequencing the exons of this systematically assembled signature of genes represents a cost and time efficient approach to investigate the genomic basis for the antihypertensive effects of exercise.
From Hypertrophy to Heart Failure: What Is New in Genetic Cardiomyopathies

The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the recent advances in the research and clinical care of patients with the major phenotypes of inherited cardiomyopathies—hypertrophic, dilated, and arrhythmogenic. Developments in genetics, risk stratification, therapies, and disease modeling will be discussed. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools which incorporate genetic and genomic data are being steadily incorporated into the routine clinical care of patients with genetic cardiomyopathies. Human pluripotent stem cells are a breakthrough model system for the study of genetic variation associated with inherited cardiovascular disease. Next-generation sequencing technology and molecular-based diagnostics and therapeutics have emerged as valuable tools to improve the recognition and care of patients with hypertrophic, dilated, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. Improved adjudication of variant pathogenicity and management of genotype-positive/phenotype-negative individuals are imminent challenges in this realm of precision medicine.
Pioglitazone treatment prior to transplantation improves the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells after traumatic brain injury in rats

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability around the world. So far, drugs are not available to repair brain damage. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) transplantation therapy is a promising approach, although the inflammatory microenvironment of the injured brain affects the efficacy of transplanted hMSCs. We hypothesize that reducing the inflammation in the cerebral microenvironment by reducing pro-inflammatory chemokines prior to hMSC administration will improve the efficacy of hMSC therapy. In a rat model of lateral fluid percussion injury, combined pioglitazone (PG) and hMSC (combination) treatment showed less anxiety-like behavior and improved sensorimotor responses to a noxious cold stimulus. Significant reduction in brain lesion volume, neurodegeneration, microgliosis and astrogliosis were observed after combination treatment. TBI induced expression of inflammatory chemokine CCL20 and IL1-β were significantly decreased in the combination treatment group. Combination treatment significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis. Taken together, reducing proinflammatory cytokine expression in the cerebral tissues after TBI by PG administration and prior to hMSC therapy improves the outcome of the therapy in which BDNF could have a role.
Bone and Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma Risk in Long‐Term Survivors of Hereditary Retinoblastoma Treated With Radiation

PURPOSESurvivors of hereditary retinoblastoma have excellent survival but substantially increased risks of subsequent bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, particularly after radiotherapy. Comprehensive i...
Impact of fuel-derived chlorine on CuO-based oxygen carriers for chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling

Abstract During the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process for CO2 capture from solid fuels, CuO-based oxygen carriers are expected to efficiently transport oxygen from the air reactor and convert fuel in the fuel reactor by releasing gaseous oxygen. To maintain high fuel conversion and CO2 capture efficiency, it is important to understand the impact of the fuel-derived Cl, which is highly volatile and corrosive, on the CuO/Cu2O in a CLOU environment. In this work, thermodynamic modeling was carried out to predict the characteristics of Cu-Cl interaction and develop a Cu deactivation rate model. Combustion experiments were performed to examine the impact of the Cl-containing flue gas on the CuO-based oxygen carrier. The oxygen transport capacities of the oxygen carriers exposed to the Cl-containing flue gas were measured by TGA. XRD and SEM-EDS were employed to characterize the ashes and oxygen carrier particles, respectively. The modeling results suggest that Cu-Cl interaction leads to the formation of CuCl and Cu3Cl3, causing the loss of effective Cu. The fraction of HCl converted to CuCl/Cu3Cl3 (XHCl) was predicted to be almost linearly correlated with the Cl content, while H2O could hinder the Cu-Cl interaction. The Cu deactivation rate model was successfully developed. For the fuels containing 0.2–0.4 wt% Cl, the Cu loss rate was estimated to be 0.0025–0.01%/cycle with XHCl = 0.12–0.24. The results of combustion experiments and material characterization were consistent with the modeling predictions, clearly demonstrating the Cl-induced deactivation. Given the modeling predictions and experimental findings, potential countermeasures were proposed.
Chapter 9 – Charge Carriers in Semiconductors

The distinctive property of semiconductors is that they have small band gaps separating the valence and conduction bands. In these materials, a relatively small number of electrons are excited thermally from the valence band into the conduction band creating electron-hole pairs that can conduct a current. The density of free electrons and holes can be modified by adding impurities to the crystal. A semiconductor having impurities that contribute electrons to the conduction band is said to be n-doped or to have donor atoms, while a semiconductor having impurities that contribute holes to the valence band is said to be p-doped or to have acceptor atoms. A p-n junction is formed by depositing a material with either donors or acceptors upon another material with the opposite kind of doping. Interfaces produced in this way have a preferred direction of current and can be used to produce rectifiers. Transistors with two p-n junctions are commonly used to produce amplifiers. The amplification of a signal by a transistor depends upon the fact that the voltage across two terminals (emitter and collector), which serve as the output terminals, is very sensitive to the voltage across two other terminals (base and emitter), which serve as the input terminals. In contrast to bipolar transistors in which both the majority and minority charge carriers are responsible for current flow, the JFET and MOSFET are majority carrier devices. The JFET and MOSFET function-like variable resistors with the effective resistance of the device being determined by the gate as it adjusts the number of carriers in the channel.
DNA-Mediated Three-Dimensional Assembly of HollowAu–Ag Alloy Nanocages as Plasmonic Crystals

Oligonucleotide–nanoparticle conjugates are promising building blocks for stimuli responsive, reconfigurable functional materials in wet environments. Here, we demonstrate the self-assembly of DNA-...
Indexing of electron back-scatter diffraction patterns using a convolutional neural network

Abstract Accurate indexing of EBSD patterns presents a challenging problem. We propose a new convolutional neural network (EBSD-CNN) to realize real-time indexing of EBSD patterns; we implement a disorientation loss function to adapt a standard CNN model for crystallographic orientation indexing. The indexing accuracy, rate, and robustness against noise are evaluated using both simulated and experimental data, and compared with other indexing methods (Hough-based indexing, dictionary indexing, and spherical indexing). The results suggest that a CNN can provide an alternative to commercial Hough-transform-based indexing with comparative accuracy and rate. We obtain insight into the network functionality by visualization of selected filters.
Persistent Data Retention Models.

Non-Volatile Memory devices may soon be a part of main memory, and programming models that give programmers direct access to persistent memory through loads and stores are sought to maximize the performance benefits of these new devices. Direct access introduces new challenges. In this work, we identify an important aspect of programming for persistent memory: the persistent data retention model. A Persistent Data Retention Model describes what happens to persistent data when code that uses it is modified. We identify two models present in prior work but not described as such, the Reset and Manual Model, and we propose a new one called the Automatic Model. The Reset model discards all persistent data when a program changes leading to performance overheads and write amplification. In contrast, if data is to be retained, the Manual Model relies on the programmer to implement code that upgrades data from one version of the program to the next. This reduces overheads but places a larger burden on the programmer. We propose the Automatic Model to assist a programmer by automating some or all of the conversion. We describe one such automatic approach, Lazily Extendible Data Structures, that uses language extensions and compiler support to reduce the effort and complexity associated with updating persistent data. We evaluate our PDRMs in the context of the Persistent Memory Development Kit (PMDK) using kernels and the TPC-C application. Manual Model shows an overhead of 2.90% to 4.10% on average, and LEDS shows overhead of 0.45% to 10.27% on average, depending on the workload. LEDS reduces the number of writes by 26.36% compared to Manual Model. Furthermore, LEDS significantly reduces the programming complexity by relying on the compiler to migrate persistent data.
Validation of a deep-learning semantic segmentation approach to fully automate MRI-based left-ventricular deformation analysis in cardiotoxicity.

Objective:Left-ventricular (LV) strain measurements with the Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) MRI sequence provide accurate estimates of cardiotoxicity damage related to chemoth...
Common paraverbal errors during hypnosis intervention training.

There is growing literature to support the use of hypnosis as an evidence-based behavioral medicine intervention to manage a wide variety of symptoms and side effects associated with cancer and its...
Possible Therapeutic Use of Natural Compounds Against COVID-19

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19); a pandemic disease that has resulted in devastating social, economic, morbidity and mortality burdens. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells following receptor-mediated endocytosis and priming by cellular proteases. Following uptake, SARS-CoV-2 replicates in autophagosome-like structures in the cytosol following its escape from endolysosomes. Accordingly, the greater endolysosome pathway including autophagosomes and the mTOR sensor may be targets for therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Naturally existing compounds (phytochemicals) through their actions on endolysosomes and mTOR signaling pathways might provide therapeutic relief against COVID-19. Here, we discuss evidence that some natural compounds through actions on the greater endolysosome system can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and thereby might be repurposed for use against COVID-19.
The Power of Education Across the African Diaspora: Exploring New Solutions for Old Problems

The intellectual, cultural, and political contributions of the African diaspora have long gone underacknowledged in educational research. Furthermore, the historical, social, and economic powers of...
Entrepreneurial Processes and Industry Growth: The Case of the Early Canning Industry

Entrepreneurship is at the heart of new developments that often lead to the creation of new industries. This study examines the origins of the canning industry via the experiences of three of its e...
Electro-Optic Frequency Combs for Rapid Sensing of Optomechanical Sensors

Optomechanical sensors allow for high accuracy, high bandwidth sensing of a wide range of physical parameters including acceleration, force, pressure, temperature, and humidity. These sensors generally rely upon tracking changes of a cavity mode position or free spectral range in response to stimuli-induced cavity length changes. This cavity interrogation typically involves a lock to the optical cavity which results in a complicated frequency response and a limited dynamic range. Recently, we have developed an alternate approach based upon using electro-optic frequency combs to dynamically track a given optical cavity mode [1] .
Ability of Bottle Cap Color to Facilitate Accurate Patient-Physician Communication Regarding Medication Identity in Patients with Glaucoma.

Purpose To determine the accuracy of patient–physician communication regarding topical ophthalmic medication use based on bottle cap color, particularly among individuals who may have acquired color vision deficiency from glaucoma. Design Cross-sectional, clinical study. Participants Patients aged ≥18 years with primary open-angle, primary angle-closure, pseudoexfoliation, or pigment dispersion glaucoma, bilateral visual acuity of ≥20/400, and no concurrent conditions that may affect color vision. Methods A total of 100 patients provided color descriptions of 11 distinct medication bottle caps. Color descriptors were then presented to 3 physicians. Physicians matched each color descriptor to the medication they thought the descriptor was describing. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of patient–physician agreement, occurring when all 3 physicians accurately matched the color descriptor to the correct medication. Multivariate regression models evaluated whether patient–physician agreement decreased with degree of better-eye visual field (VF) damage, color descriptor heterogeneity, or color vision deficiency, as determined by the Hardy–Rand–Rittler (HRR) score and Lanthony D15 color confusion index (D15 CCI). Results Subjects had a mean age of 69 (±11) years, with VF mean deviation of −4.7 (±6.0) and −10.9 (±8.4) decibels (dB) in the better- and worse-seeing eyes, respectively. Patients produced 102 unique color descriptors to describe the colors of the 11 bottle caps. Among individual patients, the mean number of medications demonstrating agreement was 6.1/11 (55.5%). Agreement was less than 15% for 4 medications (prednisolone acetate [generic], betaxolol HCl [Betoptic; Alcon Laboratories Inc., Fort Worth, TX], brinzolamide/brimonidine [Simbrinza; Alcon Laboratories Inc.], and latanoprost [Xalatan; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY]). Lower HRR scores and higher D15 CCI (both indicating worse color vision) were associated with greater VF damage ( P P P = 0.007). Conclusions Physician understanding of patient medication use based solely on bottle cap color is frequently incorrect, particularly in patients with glaucoma who may have color vision deficiency. Errors based on communication using bottle cap color alone may be common and could lead to confusion and harm.
Zhuangzi on Friendship and Death

Zhuangzi suggests that death is a transformation that we commonly and mistakenly think means the end of someone but really just marks a new phase of existence. This metaphysical thesis is presented at several points in the text as an explanation of distinctively Daoist responses to death and loss. Some (such as Wong 2006) take a Daoist response to death, as presented by Zhuangzi, to indicate dual perspectives on friendship and death. But I argue that the metaphysical view sketched above is consistent with a unified perspective, allowing the Daoist to enjoy deep friendships without risking some potential for grief typically associated with strong attachment. However, it leaves the Daoist best suited to friendships with those who endorse the same metaphysics. Furthermore, while the grief associated with the death of a friend is somewhat mitigated, the Daoist has reason to mourn even given this thesis.
Slope Accuracy and Path Planning on Compressed Terrain

We report on variants of the ODETLAP lossy terrain compression method where the reconstructed terrain has accurate slope as well as elevation. Slope is important for applications such as mobility, visibility and hydrology. One variant involves selecting a regular grid of points instead of selecting the most important points, requiring more points but which take less space. Another variant adds a new type of equation to the overdetermined system to force the slope of the reconstructed surface to be close to the original surface’s slope. Tests on six datasets with elevation ranges from 505m to 1040m, compressed at ratios from 146:1 to 1046:1 relative to the original binary file size, showed RMS elevation errors of 10m and slope errors of 3 to 10 degrees. The reconstructed terrain also supports planning optimal paths that avoid observers’ viewsheds. Paths planned on the reconstructed terrain were only 5% to 20% more expensive than paths planned on the original terrain. Tradeoffs between compressed data size and output accuracy are possible. Therefore storing terrain data on portable devices or transmitting over slow links and then using it in applications is more feasible.